¶
A
discourse
of
the
nauigation
which
the
Portugales
doe
make
to
the
Realmes
and
Prouinces
of
the
East
partes
of
the
worlde
,
and
of
the
knowledge
that
growes
by
them
of
the
great
thinges
which
are
in
the
Dominions
of
China
.
Written
by
Barnardine
of
Escalanta
,
of
the
Realme
of
Galisia
Priest.
Translated
out
of
Spanish
into
English
,
by
Iohn
Frampton
.
¶
Imprinted
in
London
at
the
three
Cranes
in
the
Vine-tree
,
by
Thomas
Dawson
.
1579.
❧
To
the
right
woorshipfull
Maister
Edwarde
Dier
,
of
the
Court
esquire
,
Iohn
Frampton
wisheth
encrease
of
woorship
and
of
all
felicitie
.
THere
was
brought
mee
not
long
agoe
right
woorshipful
Sir
,
out
of
Spayne
,
a
discourse
in
the
Spanish
tongue
,
of
the
Nauigation
that
the
Portugales
haue
to
the
kingdomes
and
prouinces
of
the
East●…
partes
of
the
worlde
,
and
of
the
intelligence
of
the
same
Portugale
Nation
,
which
they
nowe
of
late
haue
gotten
in
those
partes
of
the
greatnesse
of
the
Dominion
,
and
politike
gouernement
of
that
Famous
Countrey
China
:
And
finding
in
the
same
discourse
a
verification
,
by
newe
,
late
,
and
present
experience
,
of
this
our
age
and
present
time
of
many
things
,
written
long
agoe
by
Paulus
Venetus
,
which
woorke
of
Paulus
I
did
translate
,
and
about
a
yeere
past
dedicated
to
your
worship
:
I
became
the
more
desirous
also
to
translate
this
into
the
English
,
&
the
rather
bycause
this
worke
seemed
to
haue
a
certaine
affinitie
in
matter
,
and
also
conteyned
great
varietie
of
thinges
,
not
conteyned
in
the
woorke
of
the
sayde
Paulus
Venetus
:
And
fynding
now
in
England
many
excellent
men
in
the
Art
of
Nauigation
,
&
as
well
able
to
endure
extreame
heate
,
as
extreame
colde
,
and
to
crosse
the
burnte
lyne
,
as
also
able
to
passe
the
colde
Zone
,
and
frosen
Sea
,
and
with
all
youth
and
frye
of
the
Realme
,
bothe
infinitly
abounding
:
and
also
exceedingly
inflamed
with
desire
to
attempte
newe
discoueries
,
I
the
rather
decreed
the
translation
heereof
,
and
was
fully
perswaded
that
the
great
Almightie
GOD
hath
wrought
the
one
and
the
other
,
to
the
ende
that
hee
woulde
haue
his
sonne
Iesus
that
hath
brought
saluation
vnto
the
worlde
,
knowen
to
nations
not
yet
discouered
.
For
what
more
pleasante
Sacrifyce
can
wee
offer
in
this
life
,
vnto
our
GOD
,
then
to
labour
in
all
that
euer
wee
may
,
to
bring
the
Barbarous
to
Ciuilitie
,
the
Rude
to
knowledge
,
the
superstitious
to
the
true
&
liuely
worship
of
his
name
,
to
win
them
from
darknesse
to
light
,
from
crueltie
to
curtesie
,
from
vanitie
to
veritie
,
from
death
vnto
life
?
If
wee
bee
not
borne
to
profite
our selues
,
but
to
seeke
the
aduauncement
of
Gods
glory
,
how
commendable
an
enterprise
is
that
?
how
highly
to
be
wished
?
how
much
to
be
furthered
,
which
not
onely
encreaseth
the
profite
of
our
countrey
,
but
augmenteth
the
number
of
the
faithful
.
Therfore
God
hauing
decreed
to
make
himselfe
knowen
as
well
by
our
Englishe
Nation
in
some
quarters
of
the
vnknowen
worlde
,
as
he
hath
of
late
yeeres
beene
by
the
Spaniarde
in
West
:
and
by
the
Portugale
in
the
Easte
.
And
beeyng
mooued
to
take
in
hande
this
small
translation
,
by
personnes
of
sundry
callynges
,
and
especially
by
diuerse
moste
excellent
Pilottes
,
Maisters
,
and
towardly
young
Marriners
,
muche
exceedyng
in
knoweledge
and
godly
lyfe
many
of
that
profession
that
haue
been
heretofore
:
I
haue
,
other
needful
busines
set
aparte
,
perfourmed
theyr
requeste
:
And
the
thing
that
I
much
desired
,
for
the
loue
I
beare
to
good
discoueries
:
And
now
dedicate
the
same
to
your
woorshyp
,
as
a
speciall
fauourer
of
all
good
knowledges
,
and
of
all
enterprises
tending
too
the
glory
of
GOD
,
the
honour
of
your
Prince
,
and
the
publike
benefite
of
your
Countrey
,
beseeching
your
woorship
too
take
the
same
this
my
translation
in
good
part
,
as
a
poore
shew
of
a
mynde
willyng
to
requite
some
parte
of
your
bountie
and
benefite
receiued
at
your
handes
,
not
doubting
but
that
this
maye
geue
lyght
to
our
Nation
and
woorke
in
many
respectes
benefite
too
all
suche
,
as
shall
by
the
Northeast
,
or
by
the
Northwest
attempt
discoueries
of
Dominions
and
Territories
,
wtihin
the
circle
Artike
,
or
with
out
the
same
to
the
Tropicke
of
Cancer
▪
And
thus
wishing
vntoo
your
woorshippe
the
fauour
of
Almightie
GOD
with
encrease
of
all
knowledge
Diuine
and
Humane
,
I
take
my
leaue
and
ceasse
to
trouble
you
.
From
London
this
first
day
of
October
.
1579.
Your
worships
in
that
he
may
,
at
commaundement
.
Iohn
Frampton
.
¶
To
the
excellent
Lorde
,
Don
Christopher
de
Roias
,
Sandouall
,
Archbishop
of
Seuill
,
Barnardine
of
Escalanta
,
wisheth
all
honour
.
&c.
MOst
excellent
Lord
,
the
haughtie
and
high
purposes
,
and
the
wonderfull
enterprises
of
our
Spaniardes
haue
beene
so
great
,
that
they
haue
not
well
neere
suffered
in
all
the
compasse
of
the
whole
worlde
,
any
Seas
,
any
Islandes
,
or
Territories
,
that
they
haue
not
runne
vnto
;
and
whereof
they
haue
not
woone
some
knowledge
,
against
the
opinion
of
the
olde
Philosophers
,
and
Cosmographers
:
wherein
they
haue
founde
such
diuersitie
of
people
,
and
so
many
differences
of
lawes
,
and
superstitions
,
and
so
many
sorts
of
gouernmentes
,
and
such
diuersitie
of
manners
,
that
they
haue
no
small
admiration
to
thinke
of
the
same
;
and
namely
of
that
which
they
doe
reporte
,
of
the
Maiestie
and
power
of
the
king
of
China
:
who
being
a
prince
geuen
to
idolatrie
,
and
that
way
most
vaine
;
As
also
his
subiectes
,
in
the
obseruation
of
the
Gentiles
lawes
,
are
notwithstanding
endued
with
so
great
wisedome
and
discretion
in
naturall
thinges
,
and
in
the
gouernment
of
their
common
wealthes
,
that
no
other
nations
(
bee
they
neuer
so
politike
)
seeme
to
passe
them
,
or
haue
therein
the
aduantage
of
them
,
nor
yet
to
haue
the
like
wittes
,
for
all
maner
of
Artes
▪
Which
haue
beene
the
causes
that
mooues
me
too
write
the
thinges
of
this
realme
,
(
which
haue
beene
knowen
as
well
by
relation
of
persons
of
credite
that
haue
beene
in
it
;
and
also
of
some
of
the
naturall
people
of
that
Countrey
of
China
,
that
haue
been
brought
into
Portugale
)
and
to
dedicate
the
same
too
your
excellent
Lordship
,
acknowledging
my selfe
in
all
thinges
moste
bounde
vnto
you
my
Lorde
.
I
desire
your
lordship
to
accept
of
this
little
seruice
supplied
with
good
will
,
as
of
a
poore
token
of
my
good
gratefull
minde
,
which
onely
hath
beene
but
to
geue
all
honour
to
your
name
.
A
discourse
of
the
Nauigation
which
the
Portugales
doe
make
to
the
Realmes
and
Prouinces
of
the
East
partes
of
the
worlde
,
and
of
the
knowledge
which
they
haue
of
the
great
thinges
that
are
in
the
Realme
of
China
.
¶
The
first
Chapter
sheweth
of
the
beginning
that
the
kingdome
of
Portugale
had
,
and
of
the
successe
it
had
from
the
time
that
the
king
Don
Iohn
the
fyrst
did
conquer
Cevta
in
Barbarie
.
AMongest
many
knightes
of
the
states
of
Almane
,
Flaunders
,
and
France
,
whiche
came
vntoo
the
longe
Warres
that
the
kinges
of
Spayne
had
with
the
Moores
,
which
had
conquered
the
greatest
part
of
Spaine
,
after
the
ouerthrow
of
that
vnfortunate
king
Don
Rodrigo
,
there
continued
in
the
time
of
the
king
Don
Alonso
,
the
sixth
of
Castile
,
and
Leon
,
whiche
gote
Toledo
,
the
Earle
Don
Ramon
,
sonne
to
William
earle
of
Burgondie
,
and
Don
Ramon
Earle
of
Tolosa
&
S.
Gill
in
Fraunce
,
&
Don
Henry
of
Vezancon
his
cosin
,
according
to
the
opinion
of
some
writers
,
as
Christian
Princes
desirous
of
honour
and
fame
that
came
too
serue
him
,
with
many
other
knightes
in
those
warres
that
he
had
against
Lucef
Abendesim
,
king
of
the
Amorabides
,
who
at
that
time
had
past
from
Affrica
,
and
had
made
him selfe
Lord
of
the
Moores
of
Spaine
which
were
resident
in
Andaluzia
,
and
too
shew
him selfe
thankful
to
these
Lords
after
they
had
shewed
theyr
vali●…untnesse
and
vertue
on
theyr
meetinges
and
fightes
that
they
had
with
the
Almorabides
and
to
binde
them
to
greater
enterprises
,
and
to
allure
other
straunge
Princes
,
&
knightes
also
to
come
to
his
ayde
,
hee
ioyned
him selfe
to
them
in
marriage
and
affinitie
,
Mariyng
the
Earle
Don
Ramon
of
Burgondie
with
the
Lady
Vrraca
his
legittimate
daughter
and
inheritour
of
his
Realmes
,
geuing
hym
the
title
of
the
Earle
and
Gouernour
of
Galizia
,
and
the
Earle
of
Tolosa
,
and
Don
Henrie
,
with
the
Lady
Elvira
,
and
the
Lady
Tere●…
,
his
bastarde
daughters
whiche
he
had
of
Lady
Ximena
muuez
de
Guzma
:
geuing
to
Don
Henry
certayne
lande
which
the
king
Don
Fernando
his
father
the
firste
king
of
Castile
,
and
other
kinges
his
predecessours
had
gotten
of
the
Moores
in
the
bor●…ers
of
the
Realmes
of
Leon
and
Galizia
,
which
were
the
Cities
of
Coimbra
,
Viseo
,
and
Lanego
,
with
the
Prouince
of
Vera
,
and
the
Cities
of
the
Porte
Braga
and
Guimareus
,
and
all
that
precinct
which
is
betweene
the
two
Riuers
Duero
and
Mino●…
with
title
of
Earle
of
Portugale
,
because
hee
shoulde
be
a
defender
of
them
,
making
to
him
a
firme
gift
of
the
right
of
the
inheritaunce
too
him
and
too
his
succession
descending
of
this
Matrimonie
:
With
condition
that
they
shoulde
bee
bounde
in
knowledge
of
Superioritie
,
to
go
to
the
Parliaments
of
Leon
,
(
into
whose
precinct
that
Countrey
doeth
fall
)
and
at
all
times
when
the
kinges
had
warres
with
the
(
Moores
)
that
they
shoulde
be
bounde
to
g●…e
and
serue
them
with
three
hundred
horsemen
,
which
was
at
that
time
all
the
power
that
might
be
in
Portugale
:
and
th●…
they
shoulde
also
pay
certaine
yeerely
Tribute
vppon
paine
,
and
that
yf
they
fayled
any
thing
of
this
,
they
should
loofe
the
state
,
and
that
it
shoulde
be
returned
backe
too
the
kingdome
of
Leon.
And
although
that
all
these
burdens
were
set
at
libertie
by
Ann.
1279.
a
gifte
that
the
king
Don
Alonso
the
wise
made
in
Seuil
,
against
the
will
of
the
Earle
Don
Nunon
de
Lara
&
of
other
knightes
beyng
Spaniardes
,
to
the
Infante
Don
Dionis
,
sonne
to
the
Ladie
Beateris
,
his
naturall
daughter
which
●…ee
had
by
the
Ladie
Mayor
Guillen
de
Gusman
,
and
of
Don
Alonso
the
fifth
kyng
of
Portugale
,
which
married
with
he●…
and
had
in
dowry
the
Countreis
of
Algarve
which
the
kyng
Don
Alonso
,
and
the
holy
king
Don
Fernando
gate
,
alwayes
the
king
Don
Dionis
and
his
successours
,
as
Catholique
and
true
.
Princes
,
continue●…
the
Warres
against
the
Moores
of
Spayne
,
finding
themselues
sometimes
in
the
fauor
of
the
kings
of
Castile
,
and
particularly
the
king
Don
Alonso
,
called
the
▪
Braue
,
when
he
gaue
the
battel
neere
to
Tarifa
,
vntyll
that
the
king
Don
Iohn
the
famous
,
being
the
first
of
this
name
,
by
the
battel
of
Aliuba●…ota
,
and
by
other
subtil
practise●…
worthie
of
his
name
▪
hee
determined
as
a
most
warlike
Prince
to
passe
into
Affrica
,
&
to
conquer
the
Townes
of
the
Sea
Coast
nere
adioyning
to
him
on
the
West
side
,
carriyng
with
him
in
his
companie
the
Infantes
Don
Edward
his
〈◊〉
sonne
▪
and
heire
apparant
,
and
Don
Peter
Duke
of
Coimbra
,
and
Don
Henry
his
other
sonnes
,
and
many
other
Lords
&
Knightes
of
his
Realme
,
where
withall
hee
might
get
the
Citie
of
Cevta
,
standing
in
the
Streighte
,
where
the
two
Seas
do
meete
,
the
Ocean
and
Mediterrane
,
and
where
Affrica
&
Europa
are
deuided
,
right
ouer
against
Gibralter
in
the
distaunce
of
foure
leages
ouerthwart
.
¶
The
seconde
Chapter
sheweth
of
the
diligence
that
the
infante
Don
Henry
did
vse
as
well
to
knowe
of
the
Moores
,
of
Cevta
,
and
the
Prouinces
of
the
blacke
people
of
Ialofe
,
as
also
for
his
armed
ships
which
he
sent
in
the
discouerie
of
the
coasts
of
Ginea
euen
vnto
his
death
&c.
HE
that
did
best
shewe
himselfe
for
the
getting
of
Cevta
,
was
Infant
Don
Henry
with
the
Knightes
and
Gentlemen
of
his
bande
.
And
as
hee
was
a
Prince
〈◊〉
religious
,
and
destrous
to
augment
the
Christian
faith
,
with
his
valiauntnesse
:
So
hee
did
much
indeuour
to
enquire
of
the
Mores
,
the
Proinces
and
Nations
,
nearest
adioyning
to
them
wherof
hee
came
to
haue
knowledge
,
and
specially
of
the
Moores
nearest
adioyning
to
the
Desertes
,
which
they
call
Sahara
,
and
of
the
Azeneges
with
the
blacke
people
of
Ialofe
,
and
hee
did
it
with
the
better
will
,
because
hee
woulde
haue
his
name
spred
abroade
in
the
world
,
by
so
great
an
enterprise
,
so
taken
in
hande
,
and
also
by
sending
shippes
in
the
discouerie
of
the
Coaste
of
Ginea
,
whereof
he
had
some
knowledge
by
Geographie
,
to
the
which
he
was
affectioned
.
And
so
in
returning
the
kyng
his
former
victories
to
Portugall
hee
went
to
bee
Resident
in
Algarue
in
a
small
Towne
of
his
owne
to
geue
order
for
this
Nauigation
,
for
the
which
certaine
Captaines
of
his
did
continue
there
for
certaine
yeeres
,
and
durst
not
passe
from
the
Cape
Boiador
which
lieth
in
twentie
seuen
degrees
and
a
half
of
height
on
the
North
side
,
East
and
West
from
the
gran
Canaria
,
in
thirteene
Leagues
ouerthwarte
,
and
for
to
come
foorth
of
the
sight
of
the
Coaste
,
which
they
leaue
behinde
them
more
then
fortie
Leages
into
the
Sea
,
in
the
West
course
,
with
a
certaine
pointe
vnder
that
water
which
doeth
come
foorth
in
length
of
sixe
Leages
that
by
reason
of
the
Tydes
that
runneth
there
,
the
water
is
so
moued
&
in
such
sort
,
that
it
seemeth
to
leape
and
to
seethe
,
which
did
put
them
in
great
feare
,
thinking
that
they
had
ben
shouldes
and
then
it
was
a
newe
thing
for
them
,
and
difficulte
that
they
had
so
gone
from
the
land
for
to
●…bble
it
,
wherewith
all
they
returned
without
hope
to
passe
forward
,
making
some
entraunce
into
the
habitations
of
the
Moores
that
dwelt
in
the
Sea
Coaste
for
to
satisfie
the
infant
.
In
one
of
these
voyages
they
discouered
in
foule
weather
which
did
open
vnto
them
from
the
firme
land
,
the
Ilandes
which
are
called
Puerto
sancto
,
and
the
Madera
,
whiche
Ilandes
the
infant
dyd
commaunde
to
inhabite
,
because
hee
was
certified
that
they
were
temperate
and
fruitfull
,
and
for
that
they
were
not
inhabited
with
the
people
that
were
Barbarous
,
as
the
Ilands
of
Canaria
wrre
.
The
which
Ilands
▪
they
had
knowledge
of
,
how
that
they
were
discouered
by
a
Frenche
knight
,
called
Iohn
de
Betancur
,
which
had
conquered
them
with
the
licence
of
the
Tutors
of
the
king
Don
Iohn
the
seconde
of
Castile
,
whiche
were
the
queene
Ladie
Caterin
his
mother
,
and
the
infant
Don
Fernando
his
vncle
of
good
memorie
,
who
came
to
bee
king
of
Aragon
,
and
father
of
the
kinges
Don
Alonso
of
Naples
,
and
Don
Iohn
his
brother
,
which
did
succeede
in
that
of
Aragon
,
and
Sicilia
,
and
Grand
father
to
the
king
Don
Fernando
the
Catholike
.
These
Ilandes
stande
in
the
thirtieth
three
degrees
of
height
Northeast
and
Southwest
,
from
the
barre
of
Lishebron
,
in
one
hundred
and
fiftie
Leages
trauies
,
&
be
distant
from
the
Canaria
,
at
the
least
80.
Leages
North
Northwest
,
and
South
Southeast
.
The
Infant
caused
the
discouerie
of
them
to
bee
knowen
to
Poope
Martin
the
fifth
,
who
at
that
tyme
was
president
in
the
Catholike
Churche
,
and
too
other
Princes
of
Christendome
:
of
the
which
there
was
restrainte
for
certaine
yeres
,
vntil
that
one
Gill
Yannes
being
borne
in
the
towne
of
Logos
wold
passe
the
cape
Boiador
,
being
a
feareful
thing
in
the
opinion
of
Saylers
of
that
time
,
who
was
cause
from
that
time
forward
that
Nauigation
was
continued
the
longer
,
and
other
Captaines
comming
to
the
Riuer
which
is
called
of
Golde
,
because
they
brought
from
thence
the
firste
that
came
into
Portugale
,
and
it
standeth
vnder
the
Tropick
of
Cancer
,
in
the
twentieth
three
degrees
and
a
half
of
height
and
the
Cape
of
Blanco
,
and
Ilandes
of
Arguin
standeth
in
twentie
where
the
king
Don
Alonso
,
his
Cosin
did
commaunde
after
that
,
to
builde
a
forte
,
and
beyonde
the
Riuer
which
the
naturall
people
of
the
Countrey
do
call
Obedec
,
&
the
Portugales
do
call
Sauage
,
which
doeth
deuide
the
Countries
of
the
Moores
Azeneues
,
and
the
Ialofes
,
euen
vntoo
the
Capeverdes
,
which
is
of
the
moste
knowen
places
in
the
West
Ocean
in
the
fifteene
degrees
of
the
North
side
,
and
to
the
Weast
part
of
him
are
within
one
hundred
Leages
of
Trauisim
,
the
Ilands
which
are
called
of
Gill
Yannez
and
threescore
Leagues
beyonde
,
that
is
the
Great
Riuer
and
eighty
beyond
that
of
Nunno
,
and
in
seuen
degrees
and
two
Terces
the
mountaine
Lioa
,
whiche
was
the
laste
time
that
any
discouerie
was
made
in
the
lyfe
of
this
moste
Christian
Infant
;
leauing
to
the
king
his
Cosin
,
&
to
his
successours
the
open
way
for
the
great
Nauigations
and
roades
which
his
subiectes
haue
made
,
and
doe
make
by
all
the
East
Countries
with
great
prayse
and
estimation
of
the
Portugale
Nation
.
The
thirde
Chapter
of
the
discouerie
which
was
made
of
the
coastes
of
Ginea
in
the
time
King
Don
Alonso
vnto
his
death
,
&
of
the
persons
that
the
King
Don
Iohn
his
sonne
sent
by
the
Sea
Mediterran
,
wherby
they
myght
bryng
relation
of
the
states
and
trades
of
India
;
and
of
the
Embassage
hee
sent
to
the
kyng
of
Aethiopia
.
THE
Infante
beyng
dead
,
it
did
seeme
too
the
King
Don
Alonso
,
that
it
woulde
bee
a
let
to
him
if
hee
shoulde
vnderstande
farther
in
these
discoueries
,
by
reason
he
minded
to
conquer
Tanger
and
Arzila
,
&
other
forces
that
were
neere
to
the
Streightes
,
which
with
great
courage
hee
gote
of
the
Moores
:
and
for
the
pretence
that
he
had
of
the
Realmes
of
Castile
,
for
his
Cosin
the
Lady
Iane
daughter
to
the
Queene
his
sister
,
the
second
wife
of
the
king
don
Henry
the
4.
with
whom
hee
minded
to
marry
,
hee
gaue
the
discouerie
for
rent
to
a
subiect
of
his
called
Iohn
Gomez
dwelling
in
Lisbon
,
for
two
thowsande
fiue
hundred
Ducates
,
for
fiue
yeeres
,
with
condition
that
hee
shoulde
bee
bounde
to
discouer
within
the
sayde
time
fiue
hundred
Leagues
of
Coaste
,
beyond
the
mountayne
Lioa
,
This
man
which
was
so
bound
▪
did
accomplishe
his
●…ande
very
well
,
discouering
all
these
Coastes
which
they
call
the
Mina
,
whiche
stretch
in
length
in
the
course
of
the
East
and
West
vntyll
they
came
to
the
Cape
of
saint
Catherin
that
standeth
in
two
degrees
&
a
halfe
of
height
,
towards
the
South
side
:
so
there
remaineth
behinde
discouered
,
the
ilandes
of
the
Prince
,
and
of
Fernando
,
and
those
of
Sancto
Thome
▪
being
vnder
the
lyne
Equinoctiall
.
In
this
time
died
the
king
Don
Alonso
,
and
Don
Iohn
Ann.
148
.
the
second
his
sonne
succeeded
him
,
who
sent
foorth
a
Captain
of
his
called
Diego
de
Acambina
,
with
a
great
number
of
shippes
to
this
Conquest
,
who
caused
to
bee
builte
the
Castell
of
saint
George
with
consent
of
the
Prince
.
Caramansa
Lord
of
that
Countrey
.
Other
Captaines
of
his
,
discouered
the
Realmes
of
Congo
,
and
of
Beni
,
and
the
rest
of
the
same
Coaste
,
whiche
is
to
bee
vnderstoode
from
the
North
too
the
South
,
vntyl
they
passe
the
famous
Cape
of
Buena
Esperanca
,
being
the
first
,
Bartholomew
Dias
one
of
the
officers
of
his
house
.
Of
some
Embassadours
of
these
blacke
kniges
which
they
sent
to
Portugale
,
and
particularly
of
those
of
the
king
of
Beni
,
the
king
Don
Iohn
had
knowledge
,
that
farre
within
the
countrey
,
there
was
a
mightie
Prince
,
vnto
whom
some
of
them
gaue
obedience
,
and
by
the
maners
and
tokens
that
hee
declared
of
him
,
it
seemed
that
hee
was
a
Christian
,
whereof
it
came
to
bee
agreed
vppon
that
hee
should
be
Prester
Iohn
,
of
whom
then
there
was
knowledge
of
,
and
of
the
trade
and
riches
of
the
India
,
by
meanes
of
certayne
religious
men
Spaniardes
that
had
beene
at
Hierusalem
,
and
like
wise
of
other
that
were
come
into
Spaine
.
And
for
to
certifie
him self
the
better
of
the
Trade
and
Nauigation
,
and
Portes
of
the
India
,
and
of
the
power
of
Prester
Iohn
,
and
of
his
religion
,
of
whom
he
minded
to
fauour
himself
,
for
the
trade
of
the
Spicerie
,
hee
sent
one
Peter
de
Covillana
seruaunt
of
his
house
,
and
also
Alonso
de
Paiba
by
the
way
of
Italie
that
he
might
bryng
him
a
true
relation
of
all
▪
These
men
went
to
Naples
,
and
from
thence
they
imbarked
them selues
for
the
Rhodes
,
and
from
thence
to
Alexandria
and
too
Cairo
which
at
that
time
was
a
Royall
seate
of
the
Soldans
of
Aegypt
,
vntill
a
fewe
yeeres
after
,
in
the
yeere
a
thousande
●…nno
.
1516.
fiue
hundred
and
sixteene
.
Selim
Emperour
of
the
Turkes
ouercame
and
slewe
in
a
battayle
neere
to
Damasco
,
the
Soldan
,
Campson
Gaurio
,
and
made
himselfe
Lorde
of
all
those
Realmes
,
and
from
thence
they
went
too
the
Citie
of
Adem
whiche
standeth
at
the
entrie
of
Sinus
Arabicos
,
whiche
is
called
the
redde
Sea
,
in
the
part
of
Arabia
Foelix
,
where
they
departed
,
one
from
another
:
The
Paiba
towardes
Aethiopia
,
and
the
Covillana
towardes
the
India
,
where
they
agreed
togeather
to
returne
and
ioyne
themselues
againe
at
a
certaine
time
in
the
Citie
of
Cairo
.
Covillana
did
embarke
himselfe
in
a
small
shyppe
of
the
Moores
,
and
came
to
Cananor
;
and
from
thence
to
Calicut
,
and
Soa
,
the
moste
principall
Portes
of
that
Coaste
of
the
India
,
and
hauing
well
enfourmed
himselfe
to
the
states
,
Trafficke
,
and
riches
thereof
,
he
returned
from
thence
to
the
Mine
of
Zofala
▪
which
is
in
Aethiopia
,
aboue
Aegypt
,
in
nienteene
degrees
of
the
height
of
the
Southside
,
betweene
Musambike
and
the
Cape
of
Buena
Esperanca
,
and
from
thence
he
returned
too
Aden
,
and
to
Cairo
,
where
hee
vnderstoode
that
,
Paiba
his
companion
died
a
fewe
dayes
before
in
that
Citie
.
And
beyng
readie
to
departe
for
Portugale
hee
met
with
two
Iewes
of
that
Realme
which
went
to
seeke
after
him
,
with
the
king
Don
Iohn
his
order
,
because
that
one
of
them
had
beene
in
Babylon
which
are
called
Bagodad
amongest
those
small
Riuers
of
the
riuer
Euphrates
that
doe
run
iointly
with
that
of
Tiger
into
Sinus
Persicos
,
hee
shoulde
refourme
him
of
the
Trade
and
Traffike
of
the
Ilande
of
Armos
,
which
was
in
the
entrie
of
it
in
twentie
and
niene
degrees
of
height
of
the
North
side
,
where
hee
saide
,
that
thyther
came
all
the
Spices
and
Riches
of
the
India
,
with
expresse
commaundement
to
Covillana
,
that
if
hee
had
not
〈◊〉
Prester
Iohn
,
●…ee
shoulde
not
returne
without
knowledge
of
him
,
and
that
with
the
other
Iewe
hee
woulde
sende
him
relation
of
all
that
hee
had
seene
,
and
vnderstoode
in
his
voyage
the
whiche
hee
did
very
effectually
,
and
when
hee
had
dispatched
hym
,
hee
returned
with
the
other
to
Adem
,
where
they
dyd
embarke
them selues
to
returne
to
Ormos
▪
And
the
thinges
of
that
Ilande
beeyng
noted
,
he
left
him
there
,
that
hee
might
returne
by
lande
with
the
Cafilas
▪
which
are
Carriers
that
carried
Spices
from
thence
to
the
Cities
of
Alexandrie
▪
Damasco
in
Suria
,
●…
that
he
should
continue
goyng
vppon
his
iourney
vntill
hee
came
to
Portugale
.
Hee
returnyng
to
the
red
Sea
▪
and
wente
towardes
the
Courte
of
the
Emperour
of
Aethiopia
called
by
his
owne
people
Alexander
,
of
whom
Bee
was
receiued
with
countenance
of
great
contentinent
esteeming
much
the
embassage
because
it
came
from
a
Christian
Prince
from
the
partes
of
Europe
.
And
although
that
with
all
speede
Covillana
returned
,
yet
he
had
not
in
this
good
hay
▪
For
that
within
a
fewe
dayes
died
the
Emperour
Alexander
;
And
Nant●…
his
brother
which
did
succeede
him
,
kept
him
there
by
force
;
wherewithall
he
loste
the
hope
to
returne
anye
more
too
Portugale
▪
And
by
the
aduice
and
relation
hee
sente
with
the
Iewes
,
and
with
others
by
diuers
wayes
,
the
king
Don
Iohn
determined
too
sende
some
Shippes
by
the
Nauigation
of
the
〈◊〉
of
Buena
Esperanca
vntoo
the
Trade
of
the
Spicerie
of
the
India
.
Ann.
1492.
And
because
that
in
this
time
which
was
in
the
yeere
of
one
thousande
foure
hundred
nientie
and
two
:
they
begunne
too
discouer
the
Weast
Indias
by
Christopher
Colo●…
beyng
a
●…inoues
●…orne
who
was
the
first
that
durst
take
so
valiaunt
an
enterprise
▪
in
●…ande
by
the
commaundement
of
the
Catholike
kinges
Don
Fernando
and
Ladie
Elizabe
.
These
kings
for
the
auoyding
of
differences
,
made
s●…te
to
the
high
Bishop
Alexander
the
sixth
(
who
then
was
President
in
the
Catholike
Church
)
that
it
woulde
please
him
to
appoint
out
and
confirme
to
them
theyr
discoueries
.
And
the
Pope
beyng
informed
,
did
graunt
too
the
kynges
of
Castile
,
the
conquest
of
the
Indias
,
Ilandes
and
landes
,
that
should
be
discouered
in
the
West
parts
,
and
to
the
kings
of
Portugales
that
of
Affrica
,
and
the
Countries
of
the
Caste
partes
in
equall
portions
:
so
that
it
might
bee
vnderstoode
the
Nauigation
from
one
hundred
leagues
,
more
too
the
Westwarde
of
the
Ilandes
of
Cape
verde
:
whereof
the
king
Don
Iohn
found
him selfe
agreeued
,
because
he
gaue
him
no
more
space
or
Circuite
towardes
the
West
.
And
so
it
was
graunted
with
the
will
and
consent
of
the
Catholike
kinges
,
other
three
●…undred
and
sixtie
leages
more
towardes
the
West
.
The
king
Don
Iohn
not
vnderstanding
at
that
time
,
howe
hurtful
it
would
be
to
his
successours
for
the
pretence
of
the
Ilandes
of
Mal●…cas
,
and
because
his
life
is
waxed
shorts
,
it
fortuned
not
in
his
time
this
.
Nauigation
should
be
begun
▪
but
was
reserued
by
a
diuine
prouidence
for
the
king
Don
Emanuel
his
Cosin
that
shoulde
succeed
him
in
those
Realmes
.
The
fourth
Chapter
how
that
the
king
Don
Emanuel
,
sent
by
the
way
of
Cape
Buena
Esperanca
,
Don
Vasco
▪
de
Gama
with
an
embassage
to
the
king
of
Calicut
,
&
of
the
successe
he
had
vntil
he
returned
to
Portugal
.
AND
although
that
the
King
Don
Iohn
had
prepared
ships
for
the
Nauigation
of
the
India
▪
When
he
died
,
yet
that
king
Don
Iohn
Emanuel
,
coulde
not
see
forward
this
iourney
vntil
the
2.
yeere
of
his
raigne
,
with
was
in
the
yeare
1491
when
as
he
sent
,
(
although
that
they
of
his
counsell
were
of
contrarie
opinion
,
yet
then
I
say
he
sent
Don
Vasco
de
Gama
,
a
knight
of
his
house
and
other
twoo
captaines
in
three
shippes
with
ambassadge
vnto
the
king
of
Calicut
,
too
the
ende
be
might
bee
in
league
with
him
and
with
other
kings
of
the
same
coast
of
India
,
to
obteine
of
them
,
that
hee
and
his
successors
might
haue
the
trade
of
the
spicerie
graunted
vnto
them
.
Nowe
you
shal
vnderstand
that
the
said
Don
Vasco
departed
with
these
shippes
,
leauing
the
king
and
his
court
and
al
others
very
sad
,
bicause
he
went
vpon
a
voiage
,
so
long
,
so
daungerous
,
&
so
vnknowen
.
And
hee
was
fyue
monethes
in
the
Sea
before
hee
coulde
get
as
farre
as
the
cape
of
Buena
Esperanca
by
reason
in
those
daies
the
Portugales
sailed
not
by
the
Bowlyng
in
the
hye
Seas
,
in
such
sort
as
they
do
now
,
but
alwaies
went
neere
to
the
coast
of
Ginea
.
For
although
that
in
the
tyme
of
the
king
Don
Iohn
,
they
had
knowledge
of
degrees
,
and
of
the
Astrolobe
:
yet
the
Pilots
which
they
caried
with
them
,
durst
not
put
themselues
into
any
gulfe
as
they
now
do
,
which
doo
runne
from
the
tyme
that
they
departe
from
Lishebron
towards
the
southwest
,
vntil
they
passe
the
Ilands
of
Puerto
Sancto
and
the
Medera
,
and
from
thence
towardes
the
south
southeast
to
the
sight
of
the
Ilands
of
Canaria
,
and
then
south
passing
betweene
the
firme
lande
,
and
the
Ilands
of
Cape
Verde
,
and
South
and
by
East
,
vntill
they
put
themselues
in
the
height
of
the
lyne
,
and
although
that
the
cape
of
Buena
Esperanca
do
fal
Southeast
of
them
,
they
cannot
make
their
way
good
,
by
reason
that
in
those
Seas
are
many
leuantes
which
are
Eastsoutheast
and
Southeast
windes
,
that
doeth
cause
them
to
fal
ouer
,
neere
too
the
coast
of
Brasil
,
and
therefore
they
go
by
the
Boweling
running
towardes
the
South
Southeast
,
South
,
and
Southwest
according
as
winde
and
weather
do
giue
them
leaue
:
vntill
they
put
themselues
intoo
thirtie
and
six
degrees
,
sometymes
in
sight
of
the
Ilandes
of
Tristan
de
Acunna
,
which
lye
from
the
West
parte
of
the
cape
Buena
Esperanca
,
foure
hundreth
and
fiftie
leages
,
and
at
other
tymes
they
runne
into
fourtie
,
&
fourtie
fiue
degrees
,
vntil
they
●…nde
Westerly
windes
,
wherewith
they
returne
and
runne
towards
the
East
,
and
Eastnortheast
too
seeke
the
cape
.
When
Don
Vasco
de
Gama
passed
he
ran
towards
the
Northeast
along
the
coast
;
and
bicause
he
would
put
himselfe
into
the
Sea
,
when
hee
came
to
the
cape
of
the
currentes
or
tydes
,
for
feare
he
should
put
himselfe
intoo
any
baie
,
or
shallow
place
,
and
bicause
he
woulde
passe
along
the
coaste
with
al
the
van●…age
hee
could
,
he
past
and
had
no
sight
of
the
inhabitantes
of
Zofala
,
betweene
the
Iland
of
Saincte
Lorence
and
the
firme
land
,
vntill
hee
came
too
Moscanbique
,
which
standeth
in
fifteene
degrees
of
height
of
the
South
side
,
sixe
hundreth
leages
beyonde
the
cape
of
Buena
Esperanca
,
which
place
is
nowe
the
moste
principall
porte
that
the
Portugales
haue
in
all
those
Seas
.
Don
Vasco
taried
a
smal
tyme
in
this
place
bicause
it
was
then
inhabited
with
Merchauntes
of
the
secte
of
Mahoma
,
which
were
come
thither
in
the
trade
of
merchandize
,
and
so
hee
ran
along
the
coaste
and
touched
in
Mombasa
and
in
Melinde
,
where
he
was
well
receiued
of
the
king
,
although
hee
were
a
Moore
,
with
whome
hee
concluded
a
peace
and
amytie
in
the
name
of
the
king
Don
Emanuel
his
Lord
and
maister
.
And
hauing
well
enformed
and
instructed
himselfe
of
the
coast
of
the
India
,
hee
tooke
experte
Pilotes
for
the
Nauigation
,
and
went
along
vppon
his
voiage
,
passing
ouer
a
gulfe
of
seuen
hundreth
leages
in
twenty
and
two
dayes
vntill
hee
came
too
the
Citie
of
Calicut
put
in
eleuen
degrees
and
a
quarter
of
the
North
side
,
with
greate
ioy
and
gladnes
,
too
see
himselfe
at
the
end
of
his
iorney
.
And
beeing
at
Anker
without
,
hee
sent
woorde
too
the
king
of
his
comming
,
where
hee
was
in
a
place
fiue
leages
from
the
Citie
,
who
sent
him
woorde
that
hee
was
very
glad
of
his
comming
,
and
of
his
Embassadge
;
&
tooke
order
that
he
shoulde
passe
his
shippes
too
the
Porte
of
Capocate
,
a
place
moste
sure
,
where
they
might
ryde
at
Anker
by
reason
that
it
was
in
the
Moneth
of
May
,
which
is
in
that
Country
the
coldest
and
hardest
tyme
of
Winter
in
the
yeere
,
and
when
hee
thought
good
he
would
aduise
him
to
come
to
the
Court.
This
region
that
commonly
is
called
India
,
is
the
Country
with
in
which
is
conteined
the
two
famous
riuers
,
Indus
and
Ganges
,
which
doo
spring
in
the
twoo
mountaines
Dalanguer
and
Nangracot
,
so
being
ioyned
one
to
thother
,
that
they
are
thought
to
be
one
and
the
people
of
that
Country
do
thinke
that
they
spring
out
of
one
common
vaine
,
and
so
runne
into
the
great
Ocean
Seas
.
The
riuer
Indus
of
whom
al
this
Prouince
tooke
the
name
by
the
realme
of
Guacarate
which
commonly
is
called
the
west
part
of
Cambaya
,
and
the
riuer
Ganges
by
that
of
Beugala
towards
the
e●…stparts
lying
East
and
West
,
vnder
the
tropike
of
Caucer
▪
●…trauise
of
threehundreth
leages
from
one
mouth
to
thother
,
from
the
which
commeth
out
a
point
of
the
lande
,
farre
in
to
the
Sea
,
and
sheweth
it self
very
sharpe
,
euen
vntil
it
come
to
the
cape
Camori
,
which
lieth
Noorth
and
South
,
from
the
fountaines
of
these
riuers
in
distaunce
of
400.
leages
of
length
in
seuen
degrees
and
two
terces
of
heigth
,
of
the
North
side
.
And
although
that
amongst
the
Princes
of
these
Countries
are
but
twoo
differences
of
lawes
,
Idolaters
and
Mahomets
,
al
the
Country
is
deuided
in
to
many
realmes
&
states
.
For
although
they
are
very
warlyke
and
of
littel
fayths
:
yet
the
height
and
sharpnes
of
the
hilles
and
mountaines
,
and
the
greate
number
of
fearce
bests
which
are
not
to
be
made
tame
;
&
the
riuers
&
the
entering
of
the
Seas
do
make
it
inuincible
,
&
is
the
cause
cause
that
al
this
region
is
not
brought
subiect
to
the
Prince
which
is
of
most
powre
,
and
principally
by
reason
of
a
long
tract
and
rowe
of
mountaines
,
which
the
natural
people
of
the
Country
do
cal
Gates
stretching
from
the
North
to
the
south
,
in
the
length
of
200.
leages
,
from
one
coast
to
thother
,
as
doeth
the
high
mountains
Apenino
in
Italie
beginning
at
the
west
part
at
the
riuer
Caruants
,
&
passing
vnto
the
mountain
called
Delij
,
very
wel
knowen
of
the
sailers
of
that
coast
,
which
standeth
in
xii
.
degrees
and
a
halfe
in
height
of
the
North
side
;
where
is
a
plaine
peece
of
ground
ouerflowen
with
water
of
sixe
or
ten
leages
,
as
it
seemeth
by
the
bayes
neere
adioyning
thervnto
,
which
may
bee
eightie
leages
long
,
and
the
natural
people
of
the
Country
do
cal
it
Malabar
,
where
standeth
the
realme
and
Citie
of
Calicut
:
this
king
beeing
the
greatest
of
powre
of
those
of
this
prouince
and
therefore
hee
is
intituled
Camori
which
is
asmuch
too
say
as
Emperour
.
Two
daies
after
that
,
Don
Vasco
had
placed
his
ships
in
the
port
of
Capacote
,
there
came
for
him
a
seruant
of
the
king
to
bring
him
too
his
presence
whome
they
cal
their
Catual
,
accompanied
with
200.
men
of
his
garde
,
who
put
him selfe
into
his
iorney
,
carying
with
him
onely
xii
.
Portugales
and
one
Moore
called
Monzaide
▪
This
Monzaide
was
of
the
realme
of
Tunez
,
who
did
him
greate
pleasure
,
by
reason
hee
was
a
faythful
interpreter
:
of
whome
he
vnderstood
the
secrets
of
the
land
,
and
the
gouernement
thereof
:
and
in
the
way
came
to
receiue
him
another
Catual
of
higher
degree
,
who
did
accompanie
him
vntil
he
came
to
the
king
,
who
when
he
should
receiue
him
,
put
himselfe
for
Maiestie
at
the
ende
of
a
great
chamber
in
a
bed
which
they
cal
)
Catel
appareled
with
a
certaine
kind
of
fine
cloth
made
of
cotton
wool
burnished
,
&
set
with
roses
of
beaten
gold
,
and
on
his
head
a
long
high
cap
of
cloth
of
gold
,
of
the
fashion
of
a
close
mytre
,
ful
of
pearles
;
&
on
his
legges
and
armes
he
had
great
store
of
bracelets
of
golde
and
stone
,
hee
had
his
head
lying
vppon
a
Pillowe
of
plaine
silke
wrought
with
golde
firisied
:
&
there
was
leaning
to
the
bed
a
Gentleman
which
helde
a
plater
of
golde
in
his
handes
with
the
leafe
of
Betely
,
with
which
kind
of
leafe
they
vse
to
comfort
the
stomack
.
And
Don
Vasco
entring
into
the
chamber
there
rose
very
neere
vnto
the
king
,
a
man
of
great
yeeres
with
whyte
garments
,
representing
great
honor
,
who
was
his
heigh
Priest
,
being
the
chiefe
of
the
religious
men
of
his
gentilitie
,
and
tooke
him
by
the
hande
and
caried
him
to
the
kings
presence
,
who
receiued
him
with
a
mery
countenaunce
and
with
a
shewe
of
greate
and
seuere
Maiestie
without
mouing
himselfe
more
then
lifting
vp
his
head
a
little
from
the
Pillowe
,
and
when
he
layed
down
his
head
againe
,
hee
made
signes
to
the
high
Priest
that
he
should
cause
him
to
sit
downe
by
the
bed
side
▪
And
hauing
spoken
certaine
generall
woords
with
Don
Vasco
,
and
receiued
the
Letter
of
Don
Emanuel
,
he
saide
that
he
woulde
see
it
,
and
woulde
heare
him
when
he
was
at
more
leysure
,
and
for
that
tyme
he
shoulde
go
to
take
his
rest
,
commaunding
a
Gentleman
to
haue
care
too
lodge
him
&
see
him
wel
vsed
with
good
entertainement
.
The
next
day
Don
Vasco
would
returne
to
speake
with
him
and
declare
his
embassadge
,
but
the
Gentlemen
which
kept
him
company
kept
him
backe
,
declaring
to
him
that
the
Embassadors
which
came
to
that
Country
were
accustomed
not
too
go
to
speake
with
the
king
,
but
when
it
pleased
his
Maiestie
to
cal
them
:
but
the
Moore
Monzaide
,
as
one
which
knewe
wel
the
order
that
was
vsed
in
these
causes
,
said
vnto
him
,
that
the
most
certaine
order
and
custom
of
that
Prince
and
of
the
other
Princes
of
those
Countries
was
,
too
heare
no
man
if
they
did
not
first
giue
and
present
him
with
some
present
,
and
the
more
straunge
the
Embassador
was
,
the
longer
tyme
they
caused
him
to
tarry
,
and
if
hee
wil
be
dispatched
shortly
that
he
should
vse
that
way
which
hee
had
tolde
him
,
giuing
some
gift
to
the
Officers
which
had
moste
authoritie
,
and
especially
in
businesse
of
the
estate
:
the
which
he
foorthwith
put
in
practise
excusing
himselfe
with
the
King
and
with
the
nobilitie
,
that
by
reason
of
the
vncertainty
of
the
voyage
and
long
Nauigation
the
thing
which
he
offered
too
them
were
not
of
estimation
or
valewe
that
he
wished
;
but
in
the
end
,
they
were
taken
as
sufficient
,
and
were
caried
to
the
king
and
hee
was
receiued
with
more
familiarity
and
gladnes
then
the
first
time
,
signifying
too
him
that
by
the
Letter
of
the
king
Don
Emanuel
he
had
vnderstoode
the
cause
of
his
comming
,
and
there
vpon
he
should
speake
what
he
would
.
Then
Don
Vasco
,
began
with
great
discretion
and
wisedome
asking
the
libertie
,
and
trade
of
the
spices
and
the
entercourse
of
the
trade
of
Merchandize
from
one
realme
to
thother
.
The
king
answered
with
showes
of
gladnes
,
that
he
would
dispatch
him
wel
&
in
short
tyme
.
And
although
that
this
Prince
were
an
Idolater
▪
yet
hee
did
suffer
in
his
Townes
too
dwell
people
of
the
sect
of
Mahomet
,
and
especially
in
the
portes
of
the
Sea
coaste
where
came
many
for
the
trade
of
the
spicery
from
Meca
and
other
portes
of
Arabia
foelix
as
wel
from
the
redd
Sea
,
as
from
the
Sea
called
Sinus
Persicos
,
which
people
were
much
agreeued
at
the
Embassadge
and
pretence
of
Don
Vasco
,
vnderstanding
the
hurt
and
losses
which
woulde
ensue
vnto
them
in
their
trades
;
if
that
the
trade
of
merchaundise
shoulde
reremayne
established
as
the
king
was
purposed
and
resolued
to
haue
it
.
Wherevppon
they
made
many
consultations
with
order
too
kill
the
Portugales
and
too
sinke
their
shippes
,
but
they
durst
not
,
gyding
it
by
the
most
sure
way
,
giuing
bribes
too
the
Catual
,
who
was
a
Gentleman
that
had
the
charge
of
the
Portugales
,
that
with
false
reasons
and
deceites
the
king
might
bee
angrie
and
displeased
with
them
.
Yet
this
Gentleman
vsed
the
matter
so
discretely
,
that
(
although
that
the
king
was
very
wyse
,
and
vnderstood
wel
the
profit
that
might
follow
by
this
trade
,
for
the
dispatch
of
the
merchandise
of
his
realme
)
hee
was
persuaded
too
beleeue
this
Catual
and
too
take
the
Portugales
for
spyes
.
And
heerevppon
the
King
commaunded
too
cal
Don
Vasco
general
of
the
Portugales
too
bee
called
before
him
,
&
so
hee
asked
him
many
questions
;
and
although
hee
had
satisfied
him
,
of
all
that
was
demaunded
him
;
yet
there
was
no
remedie
,
but
in
fine
hee
counseled
him
that
hee
should
foorthwith
go
aboord
his
shippes
,
leste
he
should
receiue
any
hurte
of
the
Moores
pretending
that
they
were
ready
too
make
an
insurrection
against
him
,
and
promised
that
he
woulde
sende
him
too
his
ships
the
answere
of
his
Embassadge
in
a
letter
too
the
king
Don
Emanuel
his
lorde
and
maister
.
Wherein
hee
saide
that
the
cause
wherefore
his
Embassadour
departed
so
discontent
from
his
Countrie
,
was
by
reason
of
the
olde
controuersies
that
were
betweene
the
Moores
and
the
Christians
,
and
that
hee
woulde
receiue
greate
contentment
with
his
friendship
and
with
the
trade
of
the
merchaundyse
of
his
realme
so
that
it
might
not
bee
done
with
reproch
,
considering
that
he
tooke
the
Moores
for
natural
people
of
his
Country
,
and
that
ordinarily
they
came
too
his
portes
in
the
trade
of
spicery
;
wherevppon
foorthwith
Don
Vasco
made
sayle
towardes
Portugal
by
the
same
way
that
hee
went
,
where
he
arryued
at
the
end
of
twoo
yeeres
,
and
a
fewe
dayes
after
he
departed
from
Lishebron
,
beeing
receiued
of
the
king
Don
Emanuel
with
great
honor
rewarding
him
,
and
his
greate
seruice
.
The
V.
Chapter
sheweth
howe
the
king
Don
Emanuel
did
send
a
greate
fleet
of
shippes
to
the
Indias
with
a
knight
called
Pedraluarez
Cabral
,
and
howe
hee
discouered
in
this
voyage
the
coast
of
Brasil
,
and
of
other
armies
of
ships
,
which
are
sent
after
vntil
the
tyme
he
gate
Malaca
,
and
had
knowledge
of
the
realme
of
China
.
AND
the
king
Don
Emanuel
being
enformed
by
Don
Vasco
de
Gama
,
of
all
thinges
which
happened
to
him
in
his
voyage
,
he
determined
to
send
too
the
India
thirteene
sayles
of
shippes
so
well
furnished
and
prouided
both
of
men
and
munition
,
that
if
it
happened
when
they
should
come
too
the
king
of
Calicut
&
to
the
rest
of
the
Lords
of
those
Countries
,
that
they
should
be
defended
from
their
ports
,
that
then
his
powre
&
force
should
be
shewed
,
&
that
Pedraluarez
Cabral
,
a
knight
of
great
wisedom
,
and
valiant
shoulde
go
for
general
of
the
saide
fleete
of
shippes
,
who
departed
from
Lishebron
the
nienth
day
of
Marche
the
yeere
1500.
Too
whome
there
happened
betweene
the
Ilandes
of
Cape
verde
such
a
vehement
storme
,
that
one
of
the
ships
departed
from
the
reste
of
her
company
,
and
returned
backe
againe
,
and
with
the
rest
he
toke
his
course
and
sailed
farre
intoo
the
Sea
,
bicause
hee
woulde
flye
away
from
the
calmes
which
are
accustomed
too
bee
vppon
the
coast
of
Ginea
,
and
that
he
might
with
more
assurance
double
the
cape
of
Buena
Esperanca
,
running
towards
the
Southsouthwest
as
neere
as
the
Eastsoutheast
and
Southeast
winds
would
giue
them
leaue
.
And
at
the
end
of
one
Moneth
running
that
course
,
they
found
themselues
so
much
to
leewarde
,
by
reason
of
the
tydes
which
runne
towardes
the
Northwest
,
that
they
came
to
discouer
an
other
coast
of
firme
land
towardes
the
West
:
and
according
to
the
iudgement
of
the
Pilots
,
it
seemed
to
them
that
it
might
be
distant
from
the
coast
of
Ginea
foure
hundreth
and
fiftie
leags
,
in
ten
degrees
towards
the
Southside
,
and
to
put
them
out
of
doubt
,
if
it
should
be
any
great
Ilande
they
ranne
along
by
the
coast
all
one
day
,
and
finding
a
place
for
their
purpose
,
where
they
might
cast
ankor
,
they
caused
one
boate
to
be
hoysed
out
for
to
discouer
what
lande
it
might
bee
:
and
immediatly
did
appeare
vnto
them
by
the
Riuer
where
they
were
,
many
naked
people
,
which
did
differ
from
those
of
Ginea
,
in
colour
,
haire
,
and
faces
,
and
they
procured
to
speake
with
them
,
and
to
knowe
what
people
they
were
,
but
they
could
not
,
for
they
retired
all
to
the
mountaynes
,
and
so
the
Portingales
returned
to
their
shippes
without
any
knowledge
,
and
departed
the
same
night
,
being
forced
with
a
storme
which
caused
them
to
departe
without
order
:
and
sayled
along
the
coast
towardes
the
South
,
vntill
they
came
into
a
Bay
,
where
they
harbored
them selues
,
which
they
named
,
Puerto
Segnero
,
and
is
asmuch
to
say
,
The
sure
porte
,
or
hauen
,
which
standeth
in
seuentie
Degrees
and
halfe
of
height
,
and
forthwith
Pedraluarez
commaunded
to
hoyse
out
the
Boates
,
and
he
went
a
lande
in
them
,
where
he
caused
seruice
too
bee
sayde
at
the
foote
of
a
Tree
with
great
deuotion
of
them
all
,
geuing
thankes
vnto
GOD
that
they
had
departed
from
that
vnknowen
Countrey
where
they
were
before
.
And
the
Barbarous
people
of
that
Prouince
did
not
maruayle
too
see
the
Portugales
,
as
they
of
the
other
Countrey
did
:
but
rather
,
when
they
sawe
them
kneele
on
their
knees
in
the
time
of
seruice
,
they
kneled
downe
after
the
same
maner
,
making
the
sayde
shewe
of
prayers
.
At
the
which
sight
the
sayde
Pedraluarez
,
and
all
the
rest
of
his
people
marueiled
muche
;
and
were
very
glad
to
see
them
offer
themselues
to
receyue
their
doctrin
of
saluation
,
if
they
had
had
any
to
instruct
them
,
&
because
he
coulde
not
remaine
there
,
nor
let
to
follow
his
iourney
,
he
dispatched
foorth
with
the
Captaine
Gasper
de
Glemos
,
that
with
his
small
shyp
hee
might
returne
backe
too
Portugale
,
to
geue
newes
to
the
king
Don
Emanuel
,
of
the
discouerie
of
that
Countrey
,
which
he
had
named
Sancta
Crus
,
whiche
nowe
is
called
the
Brasill
by
the
name
of
the
Woode
that
is
brought
from
thence
.
And
when
he
had
taken
in
fresh
water
,
and
sawe
the
weather
fayre
,
hee
determined
to
departe
from
thence
towardes
the
Cape
of
Buena
Esperanca
,
and
there
hapned
to
him
in
the
Goulfe
so
great
stormes
of
wether
,
that
in
his
sight
,
the
Sea
did
swallowe
vp
foure
of
his
ships
with
out
the
escaping
of
any
of
the
people
of
the
same
:
and
with
the
rest
hee
ran
many
dayes
without
bearyng
any
sayle
,
vntil
the
sixtienth
day
of
Iuly
he
found
him selfe
onely
with
sixe
of
his
shippes
,
a
great
way
beyonde
the
Cape
in
the
Coast
of
Zofala
,
so
beaten
with
weather
and
spoyled
of
theyr
Masses
,
yards
Sayles
,
and
Tackles
,
that
they
were
more
likely
to
returne
then
to
passe
foorth
vppon
their
voyage
.
But
the
General
beyng
a
man
of
so
great
courage
,
did
set
little
by
all
these
inconueniences
,
&
so
they
came
to
Mosambike
,
where
they
did
repayre
them selues
of
the
hurtes
whiche
they
had
receiued
in
the
tormentes
of
wether
,
as
also
they
were
better
receiued
of
the
king
then
Don
Vasco
de
Gama
,
was
.
They
continued
from
thence
their
voiage
,
touching
in
Quiloa
,
where
they
fel
out
with
the
king
,
who
was
a
Moore
,
and
that
greeued
to
see
any
Christians
in
that
coast
.
But
the
king
of
Melindes
,
who
was
their
friend
receiued
them
with
great
contentment
,
confirmyng
anew
the
friendship
and
the
trade
that
Don
Vasco
had
agreed
vpon
with
him
:
and
from
thence
they
ran
atwhart
ouer
the
gulfe
,
vntill
they
came
to
Calicut
.
And
although
they
were
well
receiued
of
the
king
,
yet
things
did
happe
in
such
sort
,
that
Pedraluarez
fell
out
with
him
,
and
in
the
ende
there
were
staine
certaine
Portugales
whiche
were
a
land
:
and
for
to
reuenge
their
deathes
,
he
set
fire
on
al
the
shippes
that
he
found
in
the
Port
,
shot
at
the
Citie
,
and
killed
many
of
the
people
,
threw
down
many
houses
and
buildinges
▪
&
so
made
sayle
towardes
Cochin
,
which
was
xxx
.
leages
distant
from
that
place
,
lower
in
the
course
towards
the
South
:
where
he
was
well
receiued
of
the
king
,
who
offered
to
him
all
the
Spicerie
which
he
had
neede
of
for
to
lade
his
shippes
.
Also
the
king
of
Cana
nor
sent
him
the
like
worde
,
because
these
Princes
were
enimies
to
the
king
of
Calicut
,
who
was
a
greater
Lorde
than
they
were
,
and
they
did
acknowledge
vnto
hym
superioritie
.
And
because
they
thought
that
the
trade
with
the
Portugales
woulde
bee
profitable
for
them
,
Pedraluarez
did
lade
his
shippes
of
as
muche
as
they
coulde
carry
,
wherewith
he
returned
into
Portugale
by
the
same
way
that
hee
came
,
which
is
different
of
that
as
is
nowe
vsed
.
For
that
they
do
returne
among
an
infinite
number
of
Ilands
of
Maldiuia
,
and
those
of
the
seuen
brethren
running
to
the
South
southwest
,
Southwest
,
and
to
the
West
Southwest
,
hauing
sight
of
many
other
Ilandes
which
are
in
those
Seas
.
And
so
they
come
along
towardes
the
Cape
of
Buena
Esperanca
,
leauing
the
Ilande
of
Saint
Laurence
North
,
of
the
side
of
the
land
.
And
when
Pedraluarez
came
to
Portugale
,
the
king
had
sente
the
Captaine
Iohn
de
Noua
a
Gallego
borne
with
foure
shippes
vnto
the
same
trade
of
the
Spicerie
.
And
from
that
time
forwarde
they
continued
more
and
more
in
the
saide
Nauigation
,
hauing
alwayes
shipyes
of
warre
in
those
Indian
Seas
against
the
Moores
of
the
streight
of
Mecha
,
and
the
rest
of
the
Ports
of
Arabia
,
and
against
the
king
of
Calicut
,
who
came
and
made
warre
with
him
of
Cochin
,
for
the
frendship
and
trade
hee
had
with
the
Portugales
,
and
the
Captaine
Edward
Pacheco
shewed
himselfe
very
valiant
in
his
defence
,
who
was
left
therewith
certaine
souldiers
for
that
purpose
,
&
Alonso
Alburquerque
the
most
valiant
knight
,
and
of
most
wisedome
,
of
as
many
of
the
gouernours
as
haue
gone
out
of
Portugale
to
that
countrey
.
For
he
being
captaine
general
of
the
shippes
of
warre
of
that
Sea
,
did
conquer
the
Citie
of
Ormos
,
and
many
other
places
as
well
of
those
which
are
in
the
Coaste
of
Arabia
as
of
Persia
:
and
made
the
king
Zofadin
too
pay
tribute
who
at
that
time
was
Lorde
of
that
Realme
:
and
he
burned
and
destroyed
Calicut
,
and
gate
of
the
Moores
the
Citie
of
Goa
,
which
is
now
the
most
principal
place
that
the
kinges
of
Portugale
haue
in
the
India
,
whiche
standeth
more
towarde
the
North
then
Calicut
in
the
same
Coast
in
fifteene
degrees
of
height
▪
and
Malaca
standeth
in
that
famous
point
,
in
two
degrees
and
a
halfe
of
the
Northside
,
the
whiche
Prolome
and
the
rest
of
the
ancient
Geographers
did
intitle
Aurea
Chersonesus
,
in
respect
of
the
Ilande
Samatra
which
is
neere
too
him
,
and
one
chanel
doth
deuide
them
,
vnderstanding
that
they
were
ioyned
in
one
,
yeuen
as
the
Morea
is
with
the
firm
lande
.
The
longest
part
of
this
Ilande
lyeth
Northweast
and
Southeast
,
and
the
Equinoctiall
Line
standeth
ouer
the
middest
of
it
.
And
there
remayneth
behinde
towardes
the
Weast
neere
to
the
Cape
Camorie
in
the
same
Coaste
the
Ilande
called
Zeilan
,
and
by
Prolome
named
Taprobana
in
distaunce
of
foure
hundred
leages
from
the
one
to
the
other
according
to
the
opinion
of
Portugale
sailers
,
and
not
by
situation
Geographicall
by
reason
that
the
course
lyeth
East
and
West
.
Betwene
the
which
there
is
a
great
bay
which
is
called
the
gulfe
of
Bengala
,
which
is
the
realme
that
Ganges
doth
run
through
al
along
the
coast
,
from
the
cape
Canori
foure
hundred
&
ten
leages
towards
the
Northeast
vnto
the
mouth
of
him
,
and
from
them
it
returneth
running
towardes
the
South
vnto
the
poynt
of
Malaca
,
where
Alonso
de
Alburquerque
had
knowledge
of
the
Malucas
,
and
of
the
rest
of
the
Ilandes
and
Realmes
of
that
Sea
,
and
particularly
of
the
great
Realme
of
China
,
which
standeth
in
the
same
Coaste
,
beginning
his
limits
fiue
hundred
leages
more
forwarde
towardes
the
West
,
and
there
remaining
in
the
middest
of
this
precinct
,
the
Realmes
of
Siam
,
Cambaia
Champa
and
Guachinchina
.
¶
The
sixth
Chapter
sheweth
of
the
discription
of
the
lande
of
China
,
and
the
notable
Prouinces
and
Realmes
that
are
in
it
conteyned
.
THis
great
kingdome
whiche
the
natural
people
of
the
countrey
doe
call
Tame
;
&
they
are
called
Tangis
,
is
a
Countrey
which
lyeth
moste
Easterly
of
all
Asia
,
those
of
the
India
,
Malaca
Samatra
,
Sian
and
Pegu
,
and
the
rest
of
the
Ilandes
and
Realmes
of
that
Sea
,
are
called
China
,
it
is
sayde
that
in
respect
of
that
Realme
of
Guachinchina
,
which
is
neighbour
to
it
on
the
West
side
,
and
payeth
Tribute
keeping
in
all
things
theyr
lawes
and
customes
,
and
the
greattest
part
of
it
is
washt
ouer
which
the
Easterly
Ocean
Seas
;
beginning
from
the
Ilande
Aynan
adioyning
to
Guachinchina
,
which
is
in
the
nienteene
degrees
of
the
Northside
,
shewing
it selfe
by
the
South
part
in
the
course
of
the
East
Northeast
gathering
it selfe
towardes
the
North
,
vnto
a
point
which
is
most
Easterly
that
it
hath
,
where
standeth
the
Citie
of
Nimpo
which
the
Portugales
doe
call
Limpo
,
and
from
thence
it
returneth
towardes
the
Northwest
,
and
to
she
North
,
making
a
great
bay
farre
into
the
lande
,
and
carriyng
on
high
vpon
it selfe
,
and
other
Coaste
set
vpon
that
which
standeth
aboue
;
and
the
higher
Countrey
remaining
vnder
the
colde
clowdes
of
the
North
where
the
Tartars
doe
dwell
,
with
whom
they
haue
continuall
warres
.
By
the
West
part
it
bordereth
,
as
it
hath
beene
delated
,
with
the
Realme
of
Guachinchina
,
and
higher
towardes
the
North
,
which
the
Loas
Osioens
Maos
,
and
with
the
Bramenes
which
are
a
multitude
of
people
and
very
rich
of
golde
&
stones
,
and
especially
of
Rubies
.
These
are
approued
people
,
valiant
,
and
tall
of
body
,
and
sometime
haue
warre
with
the
people
of
China
,
but
it
is
not
ordinarie
by
reason
of
the
great
hilles
and
sharp
mountaines
that
is
betweene
them
.
Then
followeth
foorthwith
the
Patanes
and
Mogores
,
whose
Realme
is
very
great
,
and
innumerable
of
people
,
and
of
suche
as
be
very
warlike
,
they
fight
with
Bowes
and
Arrowes
on
horsebacke
,
they
weare
Murrions
and
other
things
of
defence
.
The
chiefe
of
that
Realme
is
the
great
Samarcan
,
they
be
the
true
Massagetas
,
by
whom
it
is
affirmed
that
no
other
Nation
haue
had
them
in
subiection
.
They
are
a
tall
people
wel
proporcioned
,
and
white
for
the
most
part
,
by
reason
they
dwell
in
a
colde
Countrey
.
And
from
them
forwardes
you
turne
to
meete
with
the
Tartares
,
which
people
are
tawnie
and
not
white
,
from
the
waste
vpward
they
goe
naked
,
they
eate
▪
rawe
fleshe
,
and
they
annoint
them selues
with
the
blood
thereof
▪
because
they
would
make
themselues
,
to
be
wondred
at
:
And
therefore
commonly
they
haue
such
a
filthie
smel
that
when
they
warre
against
the
people
of
China
,
yf
the
winde
come
of
theyr
side
,
they
are
discouered
by
the
smell
,
they
fight
on
horsbacke
with
Bowes
,
Arrowes
,
and
Speares
,
as
the
Massagetas
do
.
In
all
this
description
of
the
Countrey
which
hath
beene
spoken
of
,
without
doubt
it
is
as
great
or
greater
than
Europe
.
There
in
are
conteyned
xv
.
Prouinces
,
that
euerie
one
of
them
is
greater
then
the
most
kingdomes
that
wee
know
.
They
name
some
of
them
vnder
the
name
of
Metropolitana
,
where
theyr
Gouernours
and
Presidents
are
resident
:
they
are
named
,
Canton
Foquien
,
Chequeam
,
Xanton
,
Nanquij
,
Quinquij
:
these
are
bordering
vppon
the
Sea
Coaste
,
Quichen
,
Iunna
,
Quancij
,
Sujuam
,
Fuquam
,
Canslij
Xianxij
,
Honan
and
Sancij
,
these
are
in
the
Countrey
within
wel
neere
all
these
Prouinces
and
particularly
those
of
the
Sea
Coaste
are
compassed
about
with
Riuers
verye
deepe
,
large
and
Nauigable
of
the
fresh
water
,
and
also
replenished
with
small
Riuers
and
Brookes
whiche
doeth
maintayne
the
Sea
,
with
the
entraunce
of
them
into
it
,
and
they
runne
farre
within
that
Countrey
,
and
because
the
Countrey
is
plaine
it
semeeth
as
though
it
were
ouerflowen
,
but
it
is
not
.
¶
The
seuenth
Chapter
sheweth
of
the
temperature
of
the
Countrey
,
and
the
notable
thinges
that
it
bringeth
foorth
.
THe
temperature
of
this
Countrey
is
diuers
:
by
reason
that
it
doth
stretch
far
from
the
South
to
the
North
,
so
much
that
the
Ilandes
Ainan
doe
stand
in
nientene
degrees
of
height
.
It
is
also
knowen
that
some
Prouinces
doe
stande
in
fifteene
degrees
,
and
others
muche
more
aboue
,
in
the
borders
of
the
Tartares
:
and
this
is
well
too
be
seene
by
the
difference
that
is
of
the
Inhabitauntes
of
Canton
,
and
of
the
reste
of
the
places
of
that
Coaste
,
which
are
base
people
,
as
those
that
are
in
Barbarie
,
and
doo
runne
the
race
that
they
doe
.
And
the
rest
of
the
people
of
the
Prouinces
of
the
lande
within
are
white
and
red
,
as
in
Almanie
,
although
that
generally
there
is
not
in
all
of
it
,
extreme
heate
,
nor
cold
,
because
it
is
shut
vp
within
the
region
which
the
Geographers
do
cal
temperate
,
and
it
standeth
vnder
the
same
Climate
that
Spayne
,
France
,
and
Italie
doe
stand
in
▪
whereby
the
fruitfulnesse
of
it
may
be
vnderstood
,
that
without
all
doubt
it
is
the
greatest
and
most
abundaunt
that
is
knowen
in
the
wide
worlde
,
by
reason
that
the
naturall
people
of
the
countrey
do
procure
to
liue
by
their
owne
industrie
,
and
continu
all
labour
:
not
sparing
Mountaines
,
Ualleis
,
nor
Riuers
that
is
not
all
planted
and
set
with
sundrie
sortes
of
Fruites
,
and
with
great
sowing
of
Wheate
,
Barley
,
Rise
and
other
thinges
according
too
the
commoditie
and
situation
.
And
it
is
easie
to
them
,
by
reason
that
they
inioy
freely
of
their
owne
substance
;
without
any
molestation
of
impositions
and
tributes
.
And
also
they
doe
not
suffer
nor
permit
in
the
Countrey
any
Uacaboundes
,
nor
idle
people
,
nor
they
suffer
any
of
the
naturall
people
of
the
Countrey
to
goe
foorth
of
the
Realme
,
there
are
an
infinit
number
of
people
〈◊〉
all
kinde
of
Artes
,
and
offices
.
And
because
they
are
inclined
to
eate
and
drinke
well
,
and
too
make
muche
of
themselues
,
and
to
haue
their
houses
very
gorgeously
dreste
,
and
repaired
,
they
geue
them selues
to
labour
,
and
to
procure
it
,
f●…eeing
from
infamie
,
and
shunning
little
estimation
,
the
thinges
wherewith
idle
men
are
there
reproched
withall
.
This
realme
doth
bring
forth
as
great
abundance
of
al
kinds
of
fruites
,
and
garden
hearbes
,
as
Europe
,
and
as
sweete
and
with
as
good
tast
as
those
of
Spaine
&
better
:
for
in
the
sweete
Orenges
,
there
is
three
differences
of
marueilous
tast
,
and
a
kinde
of
plumbes
that
are
wel
neere
round
which
are
called
Lechias
,
which
are
of
an
excellent
taste
,
without
geuing
any
lothsomnes
,
&
without
taking
away
the
desire
of
the
stomack
,
and
without
doing
any
hurt
,
although
you
eate
many
.
Of
the
mellons
,
&
of
a
certaine
kind
of
aples
,
they
report
wonders
,
&
their
chestnuts
they
prefer
without
any
comparison
to
be
made
of
ours
with
them
.
They
haue
great
store
of
sugar
,
and
great
store
of
wormes
with
breede
silke
,
which
is
one
of
the
greatest
trades
that
is
in
that
realme
,
&
great
store
of
flar
to
make
linnen
cloth
of
diuers
sorts
for
their
wearing
.
In
the
dry
countries
they
sow
Wheate
and
Barley
,
and
in
the
moyste
and
ouerflowen
groundes
they
sowe
Ryse
,
and
they
are
accustomed
to
gather
it
three
or
foure
times
in
the
yeere
,
and
so
it
is
the
moste
ordinarie
and
common
meate
they
haue
.
The
high
Countries
which
are
not
good
for
Wheat
,
they
set
and
plant
with
Pine
apple
trees
,
in
such
sorte
that
no
grounde
remaineth
vnlaboured
that
is
able
to
geue
fruite
,
the
rest
of
the
fields
,
are
most
faire
to
the
sight
,
and
sweete
by
reason
of
the
great
store
of
Roses
,
and
of
other
sweete
flowers
which
they
bring
foorth
,
and
it
maketh
the
Orchardes
pleasant
whiche
standeth
by
small
brookes
and
riuers
,
and
the
gardens
and
houses
of
pleasure
,
which
are
spred
abroade
by
the
sayde
fieldes
,
whiche
they
vse
muche
for
theyr
recreations
.
There
are
also
certaine
bushie
mountaines
and
wooddes
where
doeth
breede
great
store
of
wilde
Pigges
,
and
also
Deare
,
Hares
and
Conies
,
and
other
diuers
kindes
of
Beastes
,
of
whose
skins
they
haue
marueylous
plentie
of
Furres
,
and
especially
of
the
Martirnes
which
are
many
in
number
of
a
certaine
kinde
of
beastes
as
great
as
Foxes
,
they
make
the
muske
wherof
they
haue
great
abundance
they
beate
them
with
strokes
vntil
they
kil
them
,
and
afterward
they
lay
togeather
the
skin
,
the
fleshe
,
and
the
bones
all
to
beaten
,
in
little
hillockes
or
Molehilles
vntyll
they
bee
all
rotten
,
then
they
cut
them
,
and
in
this
sort
they
sel
them
to
straungers
.
The
Portugales
do
cal
them
Papos
,
and
they
take
it
for
better
and
more
fine
Muske
then
that
whiche
they
bryng
from
those
partes
in
powder
.
The
moste
common
and
ordinarie
cattell
which
they
eate
are
Kine
,
Hogges
Mutton
,
and
Goates
,
of
the
which
there
are
great
abundance
,
in
the
Mountaynes
and
Meddowes
.
The
foule
is
so
muche
and
specially
that
which
was
brought
vp
in
great
standing
waters
and
riuers
,
that
they
account
it
a
smal
matter
to
spend
ordinarily
euery
day
in
onely
one
of
the
least
Cities
of
that
Realme
which
is
the
Canton
ten
or
twelue
thousand
duckes
not
accounting
any
other
sort
of
birdes
.
The
abundance
of
fishe
,
aswell
of
shell
fishe
,
as
also
of
all
other
sortes
of
fishe
is
most
great
,
not
onely
in
the
Sea
caosts
but
also
in
the
Prouinces
that
are
in
the
further
most
parte
of
inland
,
bicause
the
riuers
are
al
great
nauigable
or
portable
by
reason
of
the
greatnes
.
Of
all
kinde
of
drugges
there
are
great
abundaunce
and
particularly
of
Rubarbe
,
and
many
mynes
of
siluer
and
golde
,
of
the
which
is
gathered
greate
quantitie
in
the
riuers
,
and
likewise
of
Copper
,
Iron
&
other
metales
,
in
such
sort
that
they
haue
great
plentie
of
al
things
▪
and
lacke
nothing
that
is
necessarie
for
the
common
vse
of
the
life
of
man
.
The
VIII
.
Chapter
sheweth
of
the
greatnes
of
the
Cities
,
Temples
and
buildings
that
are
in
it
,
&
that
be
in
al
the
Countrie
of
China
.
THere
are
in
this
realme
many
Cities
&
very
populous
,
insomuch
that
in
a
Card
Geographical
made
by
the
said
people
of
China
,
which
was
brought
into
Portugal
to
the
powre
of
Iohn
de
Barros
a
moste
learned
historian
of
that
Nation
,
there
came
marked
two
hundreth
fourtie
foure
famous
Cities
,
and
they
are
numbered
and
noted
out
with
this
sillable
fu
,
which
is
asmuch
to
say
,
as
a
citie
like
to
Canton
fu●…
Panquim
fu
:
and
the
Townes
(
which
are
very
many
in
number
)
with
this
sillable
che●…
.
The
Uillages
are
innumerable
,
&
of
great
husbandrie
,
and
some
of
them
are
of
more
than
three
thousand
inhabitauntes
and
the
difference
which
they
haue
,
is
that
they
bee
not
compassed
about
with
walles
as
the
townes
are
.
Al
the
Cities
for
the
moste
parte
are
set
&
planted
by
greate
riuers
which
are
nauigable
and
compassed
about
with
deepe
and
broade
marrishe
groundes
which
doe
make
them
most
strong
.
The
walles
are
made
of
great
stones
the
height
of
a
man
,
&
from
thence
vpwardes
of
brick
made
of
the
same
clay
that
the
earthen
dishes
that
they
bring
from
thence
is
made
of
;
which
is
so
stronge
,
that
with
greate
difficultie
it
can
bee
broken
with
Pikaxkes
.
In
some
Cities
they
are
very
heigh
and
broade
,
in
suche
sorte
that
there
may
marche
foure
or
six
men
in
a
ranke
or
front
vppon
them
.
They
are
beawtified
with
many
Bulwarkes
and
Towres
from
one
side
to
thother
,
couered
with
most
faire
and
beawtiful
coueringes
and
compassed
about
with
galleries
,
where
their
Gouerners
and
Ministers
are
accustomed
to
go
too
recreat
themselues
with
the
sight
of
the
fieldes
and
Riuers
&
of
other
great
buildings
which
from
thence
are
discouered
.
And
there
is
a
certaine
space
of
grounde
betweene
the
walles
and
the
marrish
ground
,
vpon
which
vi
.
men
on
horsebacke
may
march
:
and
in
the
innermost
part
of
the
walles
on
thother
side
there
is
asmuch
more
voyde
grounde
vntoo
the
houses
,
that
they
may
passe
the
watch
without
any
imp●…ment
,
the
walles
are
so
whole
&
without
clifte
or
rift
or
shew
thereof
,
as
if
they
were
but
then
newe
made
:
and
yet
hauing
in
many
Cities
memorie
of
twoo
thousande
yeeres
since
that
they
were
made
:
and
the
cause
thereof
is
that
in
euerie
Citie
and
towne
the
king
hath
an
Officer
with
great
wages
whiche
doeth
not
occupie
himselfe
specially
in
any
thing
,
other
than
in
continuall
surueying
of
them
,
and
to
cause
them
too
bee
renewed
.
And
therefore
they
haue
order
that
hee
which
is
Tresurer
and
receiuer
of
the
Kings
rents
in
such
Cities
and
in
the
lyke
places
,
doeth
giue
too
him
all
that
is
necessarie
and
needfull
for
the
reparing
of
them
.
This
is
so
precise
a
matter
that
the
lyke
officers
are
visited
and
chastened
if
they
haue
not
fulfilled
all
things
which
they
are
bound
vnto
in
their
office
.
The
entraunce
of
these
Cities
are
sumptuous
,
and
of
greate
shewe
and
Maiestie
▪
with
three
and
foure
gates
most
stronge
,
and
all
things
too
them
aperteyning
,
of
Iron
.
The
streetes
are
wel
paued
with
stone
,
and
stande
right
without
declyning
too
one
side
more
then
too
the
other
:
where
you
may
see
from
one
gate
too
thother
,
and
in
the
moste
of
them
may
passe
in
a
frunt
ten
and
fifteene
men
on
horsebacke
one
by
the
other
,
and
yet
there
remayneth
in
one
side
and
thother
greate
windowes
,
and
stawles
for
the
seruice
of
them
that
keepe
shoppes
of
merchaundyse
:
they
bee
so
broade
that
there
is
buil●…
in
them
triumphant
Arches
of
greate
beawtie
and
shewe
,
whereby
the
Cities
bee
much
detked
and
adorned
:
and
the
sayde
Arches
are
set
some
vppon
timber
and
other
vppon
free
stone
,
which
are
much
painted
with
gallant
shewes
couered
with
Tiles
,
made
of
the
earth
,
which
the
fine
whyte
dishes
are
made
of
.
And
by
reason
the
streets
are
so
broad
they
make
them
with
three
gates
and
those
which
are
in
the
middest
are
greater
than
those
which
are
at
the
ends
.
The
Arches
are
so
broade
&
so
farre
out
intoo
the
streets
and
so
made
that
the
people
are
defended
from
the
rayne
&
the
Sun
:
and
vnder
them
is
sold
much
fruite
and
other
fine
trinckes
,
and
Iewelles
of
all
sortes
.
The
houses
where
the
kings
Officers
are
resident
in
,
are
sumptuous
and
of
a
straunge
buildinge
,
and
so
broade
that
some
of
them
haue
more
roome
than
is
in
a
good
Town
.
And
the
cause
therof
is
the
great
gardens
and
parkes
which
are
compassed
about
that
is
within
them
,
wherin
is
greate
store
of
deare
and
of
other
game
of
diuers
sortes
,
and
all
kinde
of
wilde
fowle
.
In
Townes
that
are
neere
the
Sea
coast
,
all
the
houses
for
the
moste
parte
bee
lowe
,
and
within
the
lande
they
reise
their
Chambers
alofte
;
&
of
faire
buildings
.
They
haue
generally
at
their
dores
trees
of
beawtie
set
in
a
rowe
,
one
by
an
other
in
order
,
which
are
set
with
equall
distance
,
and
by
line
,
which
are
greene
al
the
yeere
,
bicause
they
should
yeld
them
shadowe
and
also
beawtifie
the
streetes
.
There
are
in
that
Countrie
some
Cities
in
which
the
Barkes
may
sayle
with
in
them
lyke
as
in
the
towne
of
Brudges
in
Flanders
:
in
the
which
riuer
do
Barks
passe
laden
with
al
kind
of
vitailes
and
merchaundise
,
and
the
streets
stand
on
both
sides
of
the
Chanelles
where
they
sayle
and
come
to
the
Wharfes
and
Bridges
of
goodly
building
&
specially
at
the
going
out
of
the
Cities
,
for
to
passe
the
fennes
and
the
riuers
.
When
they
be
so
great
and
deepe
that
none
can
go
ouer
them
,
they
make
bridges
vpon
many
boats
or
barks
after
the
fashion
of
the
bridge
of
Seuil
tied
with
strong
chaynes
,
and
when
the
freshe
waters
are
very
great
,
they
vndo
them
,
&
then
they
take
barkes
which
they
ro
we
with
oares
,
and
doo
vse
them
to
passe
the
people
and
al
other
things
they
haue
to
passe
at
the
kings
cost
,
this
order
is
in
all
the
Country
,
although
it
be
in
places
not
inhabited
.
In
the
hilles
&
mountaines
where
people
commonly
doo
iorney
,
there
are
made
Cause
is
that
are
heighest
in
the
middest
●…ausies
very
●…otable
.
and
wel
repayred
,
which
is
one
of
the
most
notable
buildings
for
common
vse
that
is
in
al
China
.
The
villages
are
for
the
most
part
al
compassed
about
with
trees
,
which
doo
hyde
them
bicause
the
houses
be
lowe
,
vnlesse
it
bee
the
houses
of
some
rich
farmers
,
whose
housen
are
very
high
&
decked
with
towres
,
&
which
are
to
be
discouered
far
of
,
by
many
partes
,
bycause
the
Country
is
much
replenished
with
villages
and
houses
of
pleasure
,
of
great
recreation
,
where
they
haue
gardens
&
parkes
of
deare
and
wildfowle
,
and
ponds
of
fishe
of
al
sorts
.
And
by
reason
they
are
blind
in
Religion
and
without
light
of
the
knowledge
of
the
true
God
,
and
of
feeling
of
euerlasting
life
,
they
indeuour
the
rather
to
passe
the
temporal
life
with
great
ease
and
contentment
,
reposing
their
chiefe
felicitie
in
things
temporal
and
in
things
of
most
pleasure
in
this
life
.
There
are
many
other
buildings
of
great
admiration
in
those
cities
,
&
specially
in
the
prouince
of
Fucheo
;
&
certain
Portugals
with
were
caried
prisoners
thither
,
do
affirme
that
they
sawe
a
tower
before
the
house
of
the
kings
Tresurer
in
that
Prouince
,
built
vpon
40.
whole
Arches
,
and
euery
piller
of
the
Arches
had
in
length
fourtie
pawnnes
,
&
in
compasse
xii
.
and
the
rest
of
the
building
was
so
sumptuous
and
faire
that
therewith
they
were
amazed
,
and
it
seemed
too
them
that
in
respect
of
that
,
al
was
little
which
they
could
see
in
all
Europe
.
And
bycause
you
may
better
vnderstande
the
maiestie
of
this
Empire
and
the
riches
and
greatnes
of
it
,
the
Portugales
doo
make
particular
relation
of
the
Citie
of
Canton
,
which
is
one
of
the
least
of
that
realme
:
of
the
which
Cytie
they
haue
moste
knowledge
,
by
reason
of
the
ordinarie
trade
of
shipping
that
they
haue
too
that
place
and
porte
with
their
merchaundise
,
which
in
respect
of
the
rest
is
as
the
Cytie
of
Cadiz
in
respect
of
the
rest
of
the
great
Cities
of
Spaine
:
and
they
say
that
this
Citie
of
Canton
standeth
before
the
Iland
called
Ainan
in
the
same
ooast
in
twenty
seuen
degrees
skarce
of
heigth
of
the
North
side
in
a
playne
fayre
fielde
,
and
delectable
to
the
sight
;
for
the
trees
and
fruites
that
it
hath
,
and
all
kinde
of
husbandry
being
placed
among
the
smal
riuers
,
being
branches
of
a
great
riuer
which
goe●…h
spreading
in
breath
twoo
hundreth
paces
,
and
in
deepth
from
three
to
seuen
fadom
,
and
by
the
sides
of
these
riuers
are
planted
many
small
villages
&
faire
houses
of
great
pleasure
;
vntil
you
come
to
the
sea
which
is
neere
vnto
it
.
At
the
entrie
in
towards
the
Citie
,
are
certain
Ilands
inhabited
with
husbandmen
,
with
only
do
liue
by
husbandry
▪
It
is
compassed
about
on
the
parte
&
side
where
the
riuer
is
not
with
a
brode
deepe
diche
or
trench
▪
wherevnto
commeth
great
store
of
water
which
maketh
it
strong
,
&
it
is
nauigable
,
the
walles
are
built
with
stone
,
lyme
,
and
bricke
,
vppon
the
face
of
the
earth
without
any
foundation
▪
but
filled
vp
ful
of
earth
and
broade
.
There
are
in
the
walles
eighty
three
bulwarks
.
Iohn
de
Barros
doth
say
that
they
are
nientie
of
a
greate
shewe
,
and
compassed
about
with
galleries
,
which
doo
beawtifie
the
Citie
very
much
,
it
hath
in
circute
twelue
thousand
three
hundreth
and
fiftie
paces
,
besides
the
suburbes
which
are
great
and
much
inhabited
,
the
walles
are
hole
and
sounde
,
although
that
they
do
affirme
that
it
is
one
thousand
eight
hundreth
yeeres
they
were
built
by
reason
of
the
great
care
they
haue
too
repayre
them
.
The
good
fashion
that
the
streets
haue
,
do
cause
the
Citie
to
shew
very
faire
,
by
reason
they
are
long
and
straight
.
And
the
said
Citie
hath
seuen
gates
,
and
they
are
seene
from
the
one
to
thother
,
by
reason
the
streets
are
so
broade
,
that
ten
men
on
horseback
may
passe
in
front
one
by
an
other
,
and
there
remayneth
at
the
one
side
and
thother
,
shops
where
they
sel
merchaundyse
and
all
kinde
of
vittailes
.
The
said
streetes
are
very
wel
paued
,
high
by
the
sides
,
and
lowe
by
the
middest
,
that
the
water
may
auoide
away
and
beeing
so
long
they
haue
throughout
great
number
of
triumphant
Arches
made
very
sumptuous
as
before
is
declared
.
At
the
going
foorth
of
the
gates
to
go
ouer
the
marrish
ground
,
there
are
Bridges
of
free
stone
,
very
broade
where
is
solde
many
thinges
too
bee
eaten
,
and
others
.
The
houses
where
the
Presideuts
are
lodged
,
that
doo
gonerne
this
Prouince
,
are
the
kings
houses
,
and
are
of
great
Maiestie
,
and
doo
occupy
much
roome
with
the
courtes
,
and
gardens
and
great
houses
where
the
Counselles
doo
sit
,
and
determine
causes
,
and
doo
prouide
thinges
for
the
Gouernement
of
the
rest
of
the
Cities
,
and
those
for
the
estate
of
the
warres
and
for
the
kings
rents
.
This
Prouince
and
that
of
Cansie
by
reason
they
be
least
;
&
the
rest
are
prouided
with
one
onely
Gouerner
which
they
cal
Tutam
,
&
is
asmuch
to
say
among
vs
as
Uiceroy
:
&
for
this
cause
he
is
Resident
in
a
Citie
called
Doucheo
,
which
is
in
the
borders
and
precinet
of
them
both
.
The
ordinary
&
common
houses
of
this
Citie
are
in
outwarde
shewe
of
small
beawtie
because
they
are
lowe
,
by
reason
of
the
heate
which
is
great
in
that
place
,
but
within
they
are
very
beawtiful
&
goodly
to
be
seene
;
bicause
they
are
made
as
whyte
as
milke
in
such
sorte
that
it
seemeth
as
if
they
were
set
foorth
with
shyning
paper
burnished
:
and
the
floores
of
the
ground
are
made
of
stones
foure
square
.
The
timber
that
these
houses
are
made
of
is
smoothe
Timber
died
very
equall
and
well
wrought
,
died
with
certaine
waters
which
sheweth
as
if
it
were
the
collour
of
Damaske
well
neere
of
the
collour
of
golde
,
and
it
hath
a
beawtifull
shewe
,
and
in
all
houses
at
the
entrie
in
at
the
doore
,
and
in
the
pauement
or
court
are
flowres
set
,
and
greene
things
for
their
recreation
,
and
a
small
pond
with
fishe
,
and
a
lynen
cloth
foure
square
according
too
the
measure
of
the
court
or
Pauement
that
is
wichin
the
dore
wrought
al
vpon
as
though
they
were
counting
houses
,
&
vppon
them
are
set
many
Idoles
of
their
gentillitie
made
of
clay
or
of
wood
more
or
lesse
very
curinus
,
according
too
the
abilitie
of
euery
one
.
In
all
the
other
square
places
,
or
lodgings
they
haue
things
painted
and
diuers
other
curiosities
.
The
rooffes
of
the
housen
are
very
wel
built
and
couered
with
tyles
,
made
of
the
same
clay
that
the
Porcelanas
are
made
of
,
those
which
receiue
the
wa●…
are
broade
and
shorte
,
and
those
which
lye
vppon
and
do
shut
the
Canelles
are
narrow
and
long
.
In
the
endes
towardes
the
streetes
the
tyles
are
garnished
with
very
fine
thinges
and
gallant
made
of
lyme
,
and
they
haue
no
neede
too
tyle
them
Tyle
not
gathering
filth
.
anewe
in
many
yeeres
:
For
the
tyles
bee
not
brittle
as
oures
are
,
nor
sharpe
but
smoth
that
they
doo
not
breede
any
filthie
thing
.
At
the
gates
they
haue
trees
set
,
which
serueth
them
for
shadowe
,
and
it
beawtifieth
the
streetes
.
There
are
in
the
Citie
many
Temples
of
their
Idolatrie
,
very
great
and
sumptuous
;
and
chiefely
one
that
is
in
the
middest
of
the
Citie
with
many
Towers
and
Pinacles
,
which
doo
shewe
ouer
all
the
Citie
.
At
one
side
of
the
part
of
the
Riuer
there
is
a
greate
Towre
harde
by
the
wall
,
and
thither
goeth
the
A
Tower.
Presidentes
and
other
Officers
too
make
merry
,
and
to
see
the
Cytie
,
the
fieldes
and
the
Riuers
.
The
suburbes
that
it
hath
are
very
greate
by
meane
of
the
trade
of
the
Sea
,
and
by
reason
that
the
moste
parte
all
the
straungers
and
men
of
trade
and
of
businesse
doo
lodge
in
them
.
They
haue
also
the
streets
very
broade
with
some
triumphant
Arches
,
as
well
in
them
,
as
within
the
Cytie
,
there
bee
a
great
number
of
places
for
men
too
lodge
in
,
and
Uittailing
houses
,
where
they
haue
meate
drest
,
whereas
is
great
plentie
of
fleshe
and
fishe
,
aswel
shellfish
as
other
fish
,
and
fruites
and
Wynes
made
with
confections
of
greate
delicatenes
,
that
it
bringeth
greate
admiration
to
note
it
,
and
it
is
all
needeful
,
according
too
the
greate
trade
of
bying
and
selling
that
is
there
.
They
do
affirme
that
making
enquirte
of
the
things
which
ordinarily
is
eaten
,
euery-day
it
was
founde
that
there
was
from
fyue
too
six
thousand
●…ogges
,
and
from
ten
to
eleuen
thousand
ducks
,
besides
a
greate
number
of
Kyne
,
and
an
infinit
number
of
other
Byrds
and
hennes
and
also
Conies
and
fishe
,
aswel
shelfishe
as
other
fishe
,
and
fruites
and
frogges
,
and
also
dogges
,
which
they
stay
and
skin
or
scalde
lyke
Pigges
,
and
the
base
and
poore
people
do
eate
them
,
so
as
easilie
they
do
confesse
that
this
Cytie
of
Canton
is
much
greater
then
th●…r
Lishebron
the
●…hiefe
Citie
of
Portugal
,
which
is
esteemed
and
taken
for
one
of
the
greatest
Cities
of
Europe
.
The
IX
.
Chapter
sheweth
of
the
countenaunce
and
apparel
of
the
People
,
and
their
conditions
and
manners
.
AL
the
people
of
the
China
generally
haue
broade
faces
,
smal
eyes
,
playne
noses
with
very
little
hayre
in
their
beards
;
and
some
there
are
that
haue
their
faces
well
made
and
proporcioned
,
with
great
eyes
,
&
with
their
beards
wel
set
:
but
there
are
fewe
of
these
.
It
is
though●…
that
those
comlier
sort
did
descend
of
strange
people
that
in
old
tyme
matched
themselues
with
them
,
when
they
went
foorth
of
the
realme
and
were
conuersant
with
other
people
.
In
Canton
and
al
other
places
of
that
coast
,
they
are
tawnie
like
vnto
those
of
Fetz
,
and
Marruecos
,
but
al
within
the
lande
are
of
the
collour
lyke
to
the
people
of
Spaine
,
Italy
,
and
Flanders
,
whyte
and
red
&
of
good
growth
.
The
noble
people
of
the
lande
,
and
those
that
serue
in
the
warres
,
doo
apparel
themselues
with
silkes
of
diuers
colours
,
and
the
poorer
sort
of
people
with
blacke
,
and
with
serge
,
lynen
cloth
,
and
cotton
wool
,
died
,
bicause
they
make
no
woollen
clothes
,
although
they
haue
greate
store
of
woolles
.
They
haue
their
coates
made
of
such
fashion
as
other
were
in
olde
tyme
,
with
many
pleits
,
long
fawles
,
&
broade
sleeues
,
and
they
make
them
fast
vppon
the
lefte
side
,
and
doo
garde
their
saide
apparell
with
that
that
their
garments
are
made
of
,
according
to
the
degree
and
abilitie
of
euery
one
of
them
.
They
that
bee
of
the
blood
Royal
,
and
also
such
as
be
placed
in
the
chiefe
offices
at
honor
and
au●…toritie
,
differ
from
al
other
in
apparel
:
for
they
go
al
beeset
with
golde
and
siluer
round
about
theyr
wastes
,
and
al
other
Gentlemen
doo
cary
their
eares
garnished
therewith
.
Their
hoses
are
very
wel
made
and
stitched
,
and
their
Bootes
and
shooes
are
made
of
silke
very
curious
and
fine
.
In
the
winter
season
they
fur●…e
their
apparel
with
furres
of
beastes
,
as
of
Marterns
and
Sables
,
and
do
bring
them
ordinarily
about
their
neckes
.
They
suffer
theyr
heare
to
growe
long
,
wherein
they
haue
great
superstition
,
saying
that
they
shal
bee
caried
thereby
to
heauen
:
and
they
collour
it
lyke
as
women
doo
,
and
do
gather
it
togither
in
the
highest
part
of
the
head
with
a
string
,
wherin
they
put
through
a
naile
of
siluer
.
Those
that
are
not
maried
are
different
from
them
that
are
:
wherefore
they
weare
theyr
heare
curled
vppon
their
forehead
,
&
weare
on
theyr
head
certain
high
coyues
,
&
rounde
,
made
of
small
stickes
very
fine
,
and
wrought
vppon
with
blacke
silke
.
The
women
are
commonly
very
fayre
,
except
those
that
are
dwelling
at
the
Sea
coast
,
of
the
parte
that
is
towards
the
south
,
and
those
that
dwel
in
the
hilles
and
mountaines
:
the
reste
are
very
whyte
and
fayre
in
their
fashion
,
&
some
with
goodly
eyes
,
and
their
noses
very
slender
and
comely
.
All
are
appareled
with
silke
,
&
the
poorest
sort
with
serge
and
lynen
cloth
.
The
coates
with
they
vse
,
bee
of
the
fashion
of
them
that
are
heere
,
and
the
Petty
coates
with
broade
sleeues
.
They
dresse
their
heare
with
most
great
care
,
they
cary
it
gathered
togither
on
the
higher
part
of
the
head
,
fast
bounde
with
a
broade
lace
of
silk
garnished
with
stones
&
peeces
of
gold
.
They
paint
themselues
with
the
lyke
curiositie
as
they
do
in
Spayne
:
&
they
hold
it
for
a
gallant
thing
,
to
haue
their
feete
very
little
,
&
therfore
from
the
tyme
that
they
be
little
children
,
they
bind
their
feete
very
much
with
clothes
,
for
bicause
that
such
as
haue
little
feete
are
much
esteemed
.
They
liue
very
closly
in
there
houses
,
for
they
are
littel
seene
,
their
husbands
willes
is
that
they
should
so
doo
,
for
they
are
very
iealowse
.
When
they
go
forth
of
their
houses
,
they
are
caried
in
chayres
with
courtines
compassed
about
,
with
seruants
and
familier
friends
that
do
carie
them
,
and
that
do
accompanie
them
,
in
suche
sorte
that
none
are
seene
by
the
streetes
,
but
people
of
low
and
base
degree
.
The
men
doo
buy
the
women
when
they
marry
them
,
and
pay
for
them
to
their
fathers
,
much
or
littel
money
,
according
to
theyr
degrees
.
And
although
that
it
be
lawful
for
them
to
haue
as
many
as
they
can
maintain
,
yet
they
dwel
with
one
alone
which
is
the
chiefest
in
reputation
,
and
the
rest
they
lodge
in
diuers
houses
.
And
if
they
be
men
of
trade
and
merchaunts
that
are
traders
,
they
do
place
them
in
such
Townes
where
their
busines
&
trade
lieth
.
They
doo
not
suffer
within
the
Cities
,
that
any
common
women
should
inhabite
,
but
in
the
suburbes
where
is
appointed
vntoo
them
publike
streetes
for
their
habitation
.
All
these
for
the
moste
parte
are
slaues
bought
from
the
powre
of
their
moothers
when
they
were
children
,
for
bycause
it
is
permitted
by
law
vntoo
widowes
that
doe
remayne
poore
,
when
they
haue
not
where
withal
to
sustein
them
to
sel
their
children
for
their
reliefe
:
being
oppressed
with
necessities
,
they
go
to
riche
merchaunts
and
offer
their
daughters
that
they
may
buy
them
.
The
which
merchauntes
moued
with
couetousnes
do
teache
these
yong
maides
too
play
of
the
Uirginalles
and
Gittorns
and
other
such
instrumentes
:
and
after
growing
to
ripe
yeeres
,
they
put
them
intoo
the
streetes
too
reise
a
gaine
of
their
whoredomes
.
There
is
an
accompt
taken
by
an
Officer
of
the
Kinges
,
which
is
appointed
for
this
cause
;
vntoo
whome
the
maister
of
these
maides
doth
pay
so
much
by
the
yeere
,
after
the
manner
of
tribute
,
and
they
to
their
masters
euery
Moneth
asmuch
as
they
doo
agree
vppon
:
and
those
which
doo
play
of
the
Instrumentes
and
sing
well
,
bee
more
esteemed
&
of
greater
pryce
.
When
they
are
olde
they
make
them
looke
young
again
,
with
ointments
oyles
,
waters
,
and
with
collours
,
and
when
they
are
olde
and
of
no
more
profit
,
they
remaine
free
without
any
longer
bondage
vnto
their
maisters
,
or
any
else
,
mainteyning
themselues
of
that
which
they
haue
gotten
in
their
youth
,
with
their
naughty
trade
.
And
the
boyes
do
serue
al
kind
of
seruice
in
theyr
houses
,
vntil
they
be
of
yeeres
to
marry
,
&
then
their
maisters
are
bound
to
seeke
then
wiues
,
and
to
prouide
them
houses
,
and
to
giue
them
trade
or
order
how
they
may
get
their
liuing
,
and
these
seruauntes
must
geue
their
maisters
euery
yeere
so
much
in
knowledge
of
their
bondage
,
but
the
children
of
these
slaues
remaine
free
.
They
doo
celebrate
all
their
holy
dayes
in
the
night
,
and
principally
at
the
tyme
of
the
newe
Mones
,
as
people
that
walke
in
darkenes
,
with
great
shewes
and
many
inuentions
,
and
with
much
Musike
.
And
specially
they
doo
solemnise
the
first
day
of
the
yeere
,
which
is
amongst
them
at
the
tyme
of
the
newe
Moone
of
Marche
:
and
therfore
they
trim
and
decke
vp
their
houses
and
doores
with
many
carpets
and
clothes
of
silke
,
and
of
diuers
kinds
of
roses
and
flowres
planting
in
all
the
streets
trees
most
high
with
their
bowes
cut
off
,
wherevppon
they
hang
many
lights
,
and
also
of
the
triumphant
Arches
which
in
these
dayes
they
decke
with
bowes
,
paint
them
,
and
hang
them
with
clothes
of
Damaske
,
&
other
diuers
silkes
.
The
Priests
do
assist
in
these
holy
daies
being
richely
appareled
,
and
doo
offer
sacrifises
too
theyr
Idolles
,
singing
according
too
theyr
fashion
,
and
they
are
al
ioyful
with
the
musike
,
they
sing
very
vnlyke
one
another
in
theyr
voices
,
and
diuers
kind
of
instruments
lyke
too
Gittorns
,
Uiolls
,
and
Uioles
of
the
bowe
,
Claricordes
&
Fluites
.
And
although
they
be
not
of
the
selfsame
making
as
oures
are
here
,
yet
they
are
much
like
to
them
,
and
are
very
curious
,
&
their
voices
do
agree
with
the
Instrumentes
maruellously
,
&
they
make
a
maruellous
accorde
in
the
sounde
.
They
haue
many
shewes
or
playes
very
pleasant
of
great
entertainement
for
such
as
do
vnderstande
them
,
they
do
them
very
naturally
with
great
preparation
;
and
very
lyke
to
the
matter
,
which
they
do
present
them
for
.
And
al
the
tyme
that
these
festiual
dayes
doo
continewe
,
they
haue
their
tables
set
ful
of
meate
of
diuers
sortes
,
as
well
of
fleshe
,
as
of
fishe
,
and
of
al
kinde
of
fruites
,
and
of
most
riche
wynes
of
maruellous
taste
,
and
they
and
their
Priests
doo
nothing
else
but
eate
&
drinke
at
discretion
vntill
they
can
not
stande
:
and
in
that
point
neither
the
Fleminges
nor
Almans
do
passe
them
.
In
the
principal
dayes
or
feasts
that
euery
one
doth
keepe
as
in
the
day
of
his
byrth
,
they
doo
conuite
their
kinsfolkes
and
friendes
,
and
bidde
one
another
,
and
they
send
delicates
and
thinges
too
helpe
them
make
their
feastes
.
There
are
greate
expences
in
these
bankets
,
and
those
which
make
them
for
their
pastymes
,
they
spende
frankely
theyr
goodes
in
them
,
they
are
serued
with
maruellous
policie
,
and
with
straunge
order
,
and
if
there
be
one
hundreth
guestes
,
euery
one
eateth
alone
,
or
by
twoo
and
twoo
,
vppon
littel
tables
moste
gallant
,
so
gilded
,
and
painted
with
wildefowle
,
deare
,
and
al
other
sortes
of
byrdes
that
they
couer
no
table
with
clothes
,
but
onely
compasseth
the
table
with
a
border
or
a
frontall
of
Damaske
in
euery
one
that
reacheth
to
the
grounde
,
in
the
endes
&
sides
.
Rounde
about
the
tables
they
put
many
little
baskets
very
curious
decked
with
flowres
with
diuers
different
fruites
,
and
in
the
middest
the
meate
very
orderly
,
and
prepared
as
wel
of
fleshe
as
fishe
,
brothes
of
diuers
sorts
serued
in
rich
dishes
made
of
fine
whyte
clay
called
Porcelanas
,
or
of
siluer
.
They
eate
very
cleanely
,
for
they
touche
not
their
meate
with
their
handes
,
but
with
smal
stickes
gilded
that
they
holde
betweene
theyr
fingers
,
and
with
forkes
of
siluer
:
they
drinke
many
tymes
,
but
little
in
quantitie
,
&
they
drinke
it
out
of
little
cuppes
made
of
the
whyte
fine
earth
that
the
Porcelanas
are
made
of
,
too
the
end
that
they
wold
drinke
very
littel
at
a
tyme
.
Women
do
helpe
to
serue
in
the
meate
and
drinke
,
and
too
wayte
at
theyr
tables
:
and
when
the
tabels
are
serued
the
saide
women
do
the
office
of
iesters
too
make
them
merry
and
ioyful
.
They
haue
musitions
in
all
these
bankets
and
players
vpon
diuers
Instrumentes
,
dauncers
and
representers
of
comedies
,
wherewith
they
bee
recreated
as
people
without
care
,
and
without
light
of
the
glorie
of
heauen
,
not
directing
too
any
other
ende
but
too
the
contentment
and
felicitie
of
this
world
,
whereof
they
enioy
the
ful
.
The
Lordes
and
the
people
of
estimation
are
serued
with
much
more
Maiestie
and
curiositie
,
for
they
giue
to
them
at
euery
tyme
they
chaunge
their
meate
,
cleane
napkins
,
knyues
,
forkes
,
and
spoones
.
They
vse
great
courtesies
,
and
good
behauiour
one
with
thother
in
their
quaffing
and
drinking
making
much
one
of
an
other
.
And
they
are
so
ielowse
,
that
they
suffer
not
their
wyues
to
eate
with
them
in
these
feastes
and
assemblies
:
but
they
agree
and
eate
togither
in
some
other
place
apart
from
them
:
and
there
goeth
no
man
into
the
place
where
they
are
but
certaine
blind
men
that
are
musicions
to
make
them
merry
.
They
vse
a
certain
courtesie
at
their
meeting
very
strange
,
they
shut
theyr
lefte
hand
and
couer
it
with
the
right
,
and
hold
them
vp
many
tymes
vpon
theyr
brest
,
in
token
that
they
haue
them
fast
shut
vp
in
their
hartes
,
and
to
this
mouinge
of
handes
they
adde
vnto
words
of
courtesie
.
And
amongst
the
common
people
that
which
they
commonly
speake
when
they
meete
any
strange
friends
,
that
haue
not
seene
one
the
other
many
daies
before
is
,
that
they
doo
aske
them
,
if
they
haue
eaten
?
and
if
they
doo
answere
,
they
haue
not
,
they
carie
them
to
the
vittailling
houses
,
and
make
them
great
cheare
,
and
doo
banquet
them
at
their
discretion
:
For
as
I
haue
saide
,
in
all
places
and
streetes
,
as
well
within
the
citie
as
without
,
there
are
a
great
number
of
vittailing
houses
,
where
they
sell
meate
and
drinke
aboundauntly
of
many
sortes
of
meates
:
and
if
they
saye
that
they
haue
eaten
,
they
carry
them
to
other
houses
,
where
only
they
are
serued
with
Conserua
and
fruites
and
shellfish
,
and
sundry
sortes
of
wynes
,
wherewithal
they
banquet
and
recreate
themselues
.
And
if
there
come
any
guests
,
newly
forth
of
any
other
place
to
theyr
houses
,
if
they
finde
them
not
with
theyr
best
apparel
that
they
vse
to
weare
at
a
festiual
tyme
,
they
speake
not
vntoo
them
,
nor
make
any
reckening
of
them
,
vntil
they
come
in
the
most
rich
apparell
they
haue
,
and
in
appareling
themselues
so
,
they
receiue
them
with
great
myrth
&
gladnes
,
&
great
courtesie
.
For
they
haue
an
opinion
that
it
is
not
lawful
,
nor
that
they
are
not
bounde
too
receiue
any
guestes
,
which
weare
their
common
apparel
,
but
such
as
doe
come
with
their
festiual
apparel
,
and
the
best
they
haue
,
too
shewe
them
that
they
haue
caused
with
theyr
coming
,
great
feasts
and
gladnes
in
theyr
houses
.
They
vse
too
make
very
much
of
them
at
theyr
comming
,
and
theyr
kinsefolk
,
neighbours
and
friends
come
too
see
them
,
and
carrie
them
a
water
made
of
certaine
hearbes
sodden
that
is
somewhat
bitter
and
of
a
redd
collour
which
is
very
healthful
,
and
suche
as
they
vse
,
ordinarily
for
too
preserue
them
in
health
.
All
people
in
general
giue
themselues
too
labour
,
aswell
in
tilling
the
fieldes
'
as
in
other
sciences
and
artes
,
and
in
the
trade
of
merchandise
,
not
permitting
any
ydle
men
.
Neither
is
there
●…o
Beggers
.
any
poore
people
that
doo
begge
among
them
,
nor
they
giue
them
any
almes
,
for
they
will
that
all
get
theyr
liuinge
with
theyr
labour
.
And
therefore
they
haue
this
order
if
there
bee
any
that
are
lame
,
&
criple
,
or
of
greeuous
diseases
,
and
haue
of
theyr
kinred
that
are
able
to
susteine
them
,
and
doo
it
not
,
the
chiefe
Tresurer
of
the
king
and
other
Officers
in
that
place
doo
force
them
too
doo
it
,
and
so
they
giue
them
what
they
haue
neede
of
,
according
too
the
abilitie
that
euery
one
hath
:
and
if
they
haue
no
kinse
folkes
that
are
of
wealth
,
then
they
commaund
to
prooue
the
same
before
theyr
Officers
or
Ministers
of
Iustices
,
that
they
may
commaund
them
to
bee
receiued
into
Hospitalles
that
the
king
hath
to
this
ende
in
euery
place
,
with
ordinary
Officers
that
doo
minister
and
giue
to
euery
one
what
they
haue
need
of
aboundantly
,
which
coste
proceedeth
of
his
rents
,
and
for
the
most
parte
al
these
are
incurable
vntil
they
die
,
they
haue
their
names
set
down
in
their
rowles
and
they
themselues
&
the
chiefe
Treasurer
,
&
keeper
of
the
accomptes
of
the
kings
rentes
doo
visit
the
officers
and
doo
take
accompt
of
the
charges
and
prouision
of
the
sick
people
.
And
if
they
find
that
they
haue
not
done
theyr
dueties
as
they
are
bounde
too
doo
in
seruing
and
cherishing
them
,
they
are
chastened
without
any
forgiuenes
.
And
for
the
blinde
men
beeing
poore
,
they
ordeine
that
they
labour
and
work
,
and
get
theyr
meate
in
grinding
of
wheat
and
Rise
in
milles
,
in
place
of
moyles
.
And
the
blind
women
which
are
strompets
they
appoint
other
women
too
gouerne
▪
trim
,
and
decke
them
,
which
haue
theyr
sight
,
and
haue
left
this
kinde
of
naughty
liuing
.
They
are
al
very
ingenious
&
fine
of
witte
too
doo
any
thing
with
theyr
handes
and
chiefely
they
which
vse
too
paint
pictures
;
for
they
are
maruellous
painters
of
al
kinde
of
byrds
,
as
it
is
wel
seene
by
the
bedde●…
,
tables
,
windowes
targets
and
other
lyke
which
they
bring
from
thence
to
Portingal
,
and
very
quicke
of
natural
vnderstanding
,
&
to
finde
out
all
kinde
of
artes
▪
They
haue
many
Co●…thes
,
and
Waggons
,
carried
with
horses
.
They
vse
abroade
in
Townes
and
villages
Waggons
that
are
caried
vnder
saile
with
the
winde
,
and
they
gouerne
them
as
easily
as
barkes
in
the
water
.
I
sawe
many
Portingales
that
did
affirme
this
which
had
beene
in
that
Countrie
,
and
it
prooueth
to
be
so
,
for
in
some
linen
clothes
are
painted
,
which
they
bring
from
thence
that
I
sawe
in
Lishebron
there
commeth
painted
the
fashion
that
they
are
of
.
They
haue
such
discretion
and
cunning
in
the
trade
of
merchaundyse
,
that
such
as
●…oo
vse
it
,
are
commonly
false
lyers
,
and
full
of
mischiefe
,
for
they
doo
not
indeuour
any
thing
,
so
much
as
too
deceiue
them
with
whome
they
trade
,
as
people
without
consciente
,
&
clothed
in
deceipt
.
There
are
many
that
go
ranging
from
Prouince
to
Prouince
with
their
merchaundyse
carrying
from
one
to
another
,
the
things
which
they
want
,
and
goe
down
to
the
ports
of
the
Sea
to
sel
to
straungers
of
the
Ilandes
and
Realmes
neere
adioyning
too
them
.
Others
there
are
which
lyue
continually
in
the
Cities
and
Townes
,
where
they
haue
greate
lodges
in
the
publike
streetes
vnder
those
Arches
,
and
at
the
gate
a
table
set
,
wherein
they
haue
written
all
the
merchaundise
they
haue
.
That
which
commonly
they
sel
,
is
cloth
of
gold
&
peeces
of
silke
of
diuers
sortes
,
and
very
curious
,
whereof
are
many
crimsons
,
Damaskes
and
Taffetas
,
of
so
high
a
price
,
that
the
Portingals
dare
not
giue
for
them
that
which
they
are
worth
,
although
it
be
a
merchandese
that
most
of
all
others
they
buy
to
carry
to
Malaca
,
and
to
other
partes
and
realmes
of
that
Sea
coast
,
and
to
the
India
,
and
too
Portingal
.
Theyr
merchauntes
of
lower
degree
▪
do
sel
f●…e
&
course
●…erge
,
of
all
collours
and
peeces
of
lynen
cloth
,
and
cotton
wool
,
wherof
the
poore
people
doo
apparell
themselues
.
They
which
haue
simple
medycines
haue
theyr
signe
set
at
theyr
doores
.
Within
the
land
is
great
store
of
Ru●…arhe
,
but
it
is
brought
to
Canton
sudden
,
&
not
rawe
.
They
sel
the
Porcelanas
which
is
the
fiue
dishes
made
of
whyte
clay
at
the
gates
of
the
Citie
,
there
are
of
diuers
sortes
:
those
which
are
most
fine
,
are
not
commonly
sold
,
nor
they
are
not
brought
in
to
these
partes
:
for
the
gouerners
,
and
presidents
,
and
Lordes
are
serued
with
them
,
they
are
redd
,
green
,
gilded
,
some
yeallowe
,
they
are
made
of
a
white
softe
stone
,
and
some
are
red
,
but
the
red
is
not
so
good
,
bicause
it
is
of
a
more
strong
and
base
clay
the
which
being
ground
is
layed
in
certaine
ponds
of
water
which
they
haue
made
of
free
stone
,
and
some
▪
l●…ked
vppon
but
very
cleane
:
and
after
they
haue
it
well
wet
and
turned
two
and
fro
in
the
water
,
of
the
creme
or
skimme
that
remaines
vpon
the
water
they
make
those
which
are
moste
fine
,
and
the
lower
they
go
,
so
much
the
more
course
,
and
of
that
which
remaineth
lowest
,
they
make
the
grossest
or
coursest
,
whereof
the
common
people
are
serued
,
and
they
are
fashioned
euen
in
the
sorte
and
maner
as
our
earthen
dishes
are
made
heere
,
and
they
dry
them
in
the
sonne
,
and
after
they
paint
them
,
as
they
liste
,
with
the
inke
of
Anil
which
is
fyne
,
as
by
them
you
may
perceiue
,
and
when
they
are
drye
they
glase
them
,
and
they
bake
them
.
In
the
Prouince
called
Saxij
are
made
the
beste
:
and
the
greatest
Fayre
and
sale
of
them
,
where
they
are
moste
sold
,
is
in
Liampo
,
which
is
a
Citie
of
the
same
Prouince
.
The
artificers
and
craftesmen
are
dwelling
in
the
open
places
and
streetes
as
they
are
here
.
There
are
goldesmithes
that
woorke
vppon
golde
and
siluer
curiously
,
and
maruellous
gilders
and
grauers
of
gold
which
haue
great
shoppes
full
of
counting
houses
and
painted
&
garnished
Chestes
,
and
many
Chayres
gilded
with
gold
,
&
some
with
siluer
of
such
as
they
cary
theyr
gouerners
and
other
chiefe
Officers
of
theyr
common
wealthes
on
theyr
shoulders
,
which
are
very
rich
,
and
of
great
pryce
,
and
specially
one
sorte
of
them
which
are
made
very
high
,
and
couered
with
windowes
made
with
a
lattesse
of
Iuory
,
that
they
which
are
within
may
see
those
that
are
without
,
&
they
not
seene
.
These
do
serue
to
carry
women
when
they
passe
in
the
Citie
.
They
haue
many
rich
beddes
,
tables
,
stooles
,
smal
chestes
so
gilded
and
curiously
wrought
and
painted
with
gold
,
and
other
materialls
,
that
it
is
wonderful
to
our
great
artificers
that
we
haue
here
.
I
●…ad
in
my
custodie
a
small
counting
cheste
,
and
I
shewed
it
in
Lishebron
where
I
bought
it
,
and
in
Seuil
vnto
the
most
curious
men
,
and
of
most
knowledge
in
al
artes
that
were
in
those
Cities
at
that
present
,
&
with
great
admiration
they
saide
to
mee
,
that
in
all
Europe
was
none
that
would
take
vppon
them
to
make
the
lyke
nor
vnderstande
the
woorke
that
was
in
it
.
There
are
many
woorkemen
of
laten
which
doo
woorke
an
infinite
number
of
al
sortes
of
vesselles
,
of
the
which
they
serue
and
prouide
al
the
Ilandes
of
those
Seas
and
of
other
vesselles
of
Iron
whereof
they
are
great
and
cunning
artificers
;
and
they
melt
them
according
as
they
melt
the
latten
in
Norwey
,
but
it
is
more
lyke
too
glasse
,
for
it
breaketh
easilie
.
There
are
more
shoemakers
then
of
any
other
science
,
bicause
it
is
a
thing
that
is
much
vsed
and
spent
.
In
the
Cytie
of
Canton
there
are
twoo
greate
streetes
of
them
without
any
other
person
of
any
other
occupation
that
dwel
amongst
them
,
but
there
are
many
scatered
abroade
in
other
places
of
the
Citie
.
In
one
of
these
streetes
are
solde
riche
stuffe
,
wherewith
they
make
bootes
and
shoes
that
are
couered
without
with
silke
of
coullours
with
riche
stringes
,
which
is
made
very
gallantly
.
There
are
Bootes
of
ten
Ducats
price
;
and
of
a
Ducat
according
to
theyr
goodnesse
,
and
shoes
of
two
Ducats
and
so
downewarde
,
vntoo
a
maruedie
which
is
the
vi
.
parte
of
a
pennie
,
and
are
of
strawe
,
that
the
riche
and
poore
may
weare
euery
one
as
he
listeth
and
as
theyr
abilitie
serueth
.
In
al
other
artes
,
there
are
a
greate
number
of
craftesmen
very
curious
and
of
all
thinges
greate
abundance
.
And
they
are
so
giuen
too
theyr
owne
profit
,
that
of
dogges
bones
and
of
other
beastes
,
they
serue
themselues
therewith
in
steede
of
Iuory
,
and
of
olde
ragges
and
rindes
of
trees
,
and
of
canes
they
make
paper
and
of
small
peeces
of
silke
:
of
this
they
serue
themselues
too
wryte
vppon
,
and
the
rest
for
too
rolle
peeces
of
Damaske
and
Taffetas
and
other
silkes
in
.
They
buy
the
dung
of
the
houses
for
theyr
grownd
in
the
fieldes
and
especially
for
theyr
garden
hearbes
.
They
bring
vpp
byrdes
too
singe
,
and
they
teache
them
too
make
visages
;
they
apparel
themselues
of
diuers
fashions
.
They
make
all
these
inuentions
and
many
other
too
get
mony
,
wherewithall
too
passe
theyr
life
.
The
mony
that
is
among
them
is
of
copper
,
but
that
which
most
runneth
amongest
them
is
golde
and
siluer
,
which
is
chaunged
for
the
valewe
in
waight
,
as
it
is
in
the
Peru.
All
of
them
bring
theyr
Ballaunce
and
broken
siluer
too
buy
meate
,
and
the
reste
of
the
thinges
which
they
haue
neede
of
.
And
when
they
buy
any
thing
of
greate
quantitie
,
they
haue
Ballances
in
theyr
houses
,
and
greate
waightes
made
iust
and
marked
.
They
bring
their
siluer
commonly
full
of
drosse
,
too
make
it
increase
,
whiche
is
the
cause
that
although
they
haue
many
mynes
,
they
carrie
it
as
merchaundise
from
Iapaon
,
and
much
golde
out
of
the
Ilandes
called
Lechios
.
These
Ilandes
are
one
hundreth
leages
more
towardes
the
East
from
the
Citie
of
Chincheo
which
is
in
the
Prouince
of
Foquiem
.
The
first
Iland
standeth
in
xxv
.
degrees
of
heigth
,
and
there
are
many
other
folowing
in
the
course
of
the
East
Northeast
,
towardes
the
North
;
they
are
all
fruiteful
,
and
temperate
and
of
meruellous
good
waters
:
the
people
that
dwell
on
them
are
more
whyte
then
tawnie
,
and
well
apparelled
and
vse
armor
.
They
were
subiect
in
the
olde
tyme
too
the
people
of
China
,
and
therefore
they
are
much
of
theyr
manners
:
but
nowe
they
are
of
themselues
;
and
beeing
in
the
middest
of
the
Sea
,
yet
they
giue
themselues
little
too
nauigation
.
Of
the
fruites
that
the
people
of
the
China
do
gather
and
the
merchandise
which
they
trade
,
in
they
paie
too
the
King
a
tribute
very
easie
.
The
greatest
burden
they
haue
,
is
that
they
which
keepe
houses
by
themselues
doo
pay
for
euery
person
of
theyr
housholde
the
valewe
of
three
score
maruedies
which
is
here
xi
.
pence
.
And
with
this
all
theyr
goods
and
landes
are
free
too
do
with
them
what
they
list
,
and
too
leaue
them
to
theyr
children
,
and
childrens
children
after
their
deaths
,
which
is
the
cause
that
they
labour
so
much
as
they
doo
too
encrease
them
.
The
tenth
Chapter
sheweth
of
the
nauigation
that
the
people
of
China
haue
in
the
Seas
,
and
also
in
the
fresh
Riuers
.
THere
are
in
this
Realme
an
infinite
number
of
Shippes
and
Barkes
,
wherein
they
sayle
by
the
Ilandes
and
coastes
of
the
same
,
which
are
large
,
and
by
those
great
riuers
,
which
do
run
through
many
partes
of
the
same
,
in
such
sort
as
it
is
thought
there
doe
dwell
fewe
lesse
people
on
the
water
than
on
the
lande
,
the
great
store
of
timber
that
they
haue
doe
helpe
them
much
therevnto
,
and
the
mineralles
of
yron
,
and
other
necessarie
things
for
the
arte
of
nauigation
,
by
the
abundance
whereof
it
is
easie
to
make
their
Shippes
and
Barkes
with
verie
little
cost
.
The
greatest
shippes
they
haue
,
are
called
Iuncos
,
which
are
verie
〈◊〉
descrip●…
of
the
se●…
all
sorts
of
〈◊〉
,
barkes
,
〈◊〉
gallies
.
great
,
and
are
made
for
the
warres
,
with
Castels
very
high
in
the
poope
&
prore
like
to
the
Shippes
of
Leuant
.
There
are
so
manie
of
these
▪
that
it
is
easie
for
any
generall
of
the
Sea
to
ioyne
together
in
little
time
a
nauie
from
fiue
hundreth
to
a
thousande
of
them
,
of
the
same
making
and
greatnesse
.
They
haue
others
for
loading
,
but
they
are
lower
of
poope
and
prore
.
Other
smaller
Shippes
they
haue
,
which
they
call
Bancoens
,
which
doe
carie
three
great
Oares
in
euerie
side
,
with
foure
or
sixe
men
to
euerie
Oare
,
and
such
serueth
them
much
,
for
to
go
in
,
and
come
forth
of
the
barde
,
hauens
.
And
others
there
are
called
Lanteas
,
that
row
with
seuen
or
eight
Oares
.
These
two
sortes
of
small
Shippes
(
although
they
bee
for
lading
)
yet
the
Pirates
and
theeues
vse
them
,
for
there
are
manie
in
all
these
coasts
,
and
Ilands
,
by
reason
they
saile
well
.
Also
they
vse
other
small
shippes
,
that
are
long
like
to
Gallies
,
wherein
they
lade
great
store
of
marchandize
,
to
carie
vp
and
downe
by
the
riuers
within
the
lande
:
these
drawe
little
water
after
the
fashion
of
Flanders
Hoyes
.
There
are
an
other
sort
of
small
Shippes
and
Barkes
,
different
to
these
,
and
such
great
numbers
bee
of
them
that
is
wonderfull
,
but
the
relation
thereof
is
knowne
notoriously
,
and
all
serueth
to
carie
marchandize
from
one
place
to
another
within
the
saide
realme
,
bicause
it
is
forbidden
that
any
man
shall
go
foorth
of
it
for
any
forraine
place
,
although
that
in
olde
time
they
sayled
much
abroade
,
and
conquering
the
Ilandes
and
Realmes
of
that
Sea
,
vntill
they
came
to
the
India
,
and
at
this
day
there
is
memorie
of
them
in
the
coast
of
Coromandell
,
which
is
ouer
against
the
Realme
of
Narsinga
,
on
the
side
of
the
Sea
of
Bengala
,
where
Saint
Thomas
built
his
house
,
where
by
report
remaynes
to
this
day
the
reliques
of
his
bodie
.
There
is
a
great
Temple
of
Idolles
,
which
serueth
for
a
marke
to
such
as
do
saile
in
that
Sea
coast
,
which
is
lowe
The
coast
of
China
is
low
like
as
Flaun
ders
coast
is
.
Shouldes
an●…
flats
perilous
to
strange
fleetes
.
as
Holland
is
,
and
is
called
the
coast
of
the
Chinas
,
bycause
the
people
of
Chinas
built
it
in
times
past
.
And
in
the
realm
of
Calicut
be
trees
of
fruite
,
which
haue
bene
there
of
long
time
,
and
the
naturall
borne
people
of
the
Countrey
●…o
say
,
that
their
Nation
planted
them
.
And
in
the
Shouldes
of
Chiloa
,
which
doth
extende
vnto
the
Iland
of
Ceilam
towards
the
west
part
of
Coromandel
,
it
is
affirmed
by
those
of
the
land
,
that
there
was
lost
a
great
fleete
of
their
Shippes
which
came
vpon
the
India
▪
by
meane
they
were
not
perfect
in
the
nauigation
of
those
Seas
.
And
it
is
also
sayd
that
they
were
Lordes
of
Laoa
,
and
of
the
Realmes
of
Malaca
,
Siam
,
and
Chapaa
,
as
commonly
it
is
affirmed
.
And
it
semeth
to
be
so
,
by
reason
that
all
the
people
of
these
Realmes
are
in
maners
and
conditions
like
to
those
of
the
China
.
But
in
this
point
as
it
seemeth
they
had
more
wisdome
then
the
Grekes
,
Oarthaginenses
,
and
Romaines
,
the
which
for
to
conquer
other
straunge
Countreys
farre
off
,
went
so
farre
from
their
owne
,
that
they
came
to
lose
their
owne
Countreys
at
home
.
And
considering
this
,
they
woulde
not
so
experiment
their
harmes
and
hurts
any
longer
:
but
seeing
how
the
India
did
consume
them
much
people
,
&
also
great
riches
of
their
owne
Realme
,
and
that
they
were
much
troubled
and
tired
of
their
neighbours
,
at
such
time
as
they
went
abroade
conquering
other
kings
landes
,
and
hauing
in
their
owne
Countrey
golde
,
siluer
,
and
all
other
metall
,
and
much
naturall
riches
of
their
owne
Country
,
and
such
great
store
of
marchandize
,
that
all
other
forraine
nations
did
profite
by
,
and
themselues
not
profite
of
the
benefites
of
any
other
Countrey
.
Al
the
gouernours
of
these
Prouinces
,
determined
to
consult
hereabout
,
A
pollitike
●…aw
that
pur●…haseth
insi●…ute
benesites
.
and
to
bee
humble
sutors
to
their
owne
king
,
which
at
that
time
wast
,
o
yeeld
a
remedie
in
this
case
.
Who
did
establish
by
law
,
and
at
this
day
it
is
kept
verie
precisely
,
that
no
subiect
of
his
should
sayle
forth
of
his
Realme
vpon
paine
of
his
life
:
and
that
neither
by
Sea
nor
lande
,
no
straunger
should
come
to
his
lande
,
without
the
expresse
licence
of
the
gouernours
of
the
Countrey
where
they
ariue
.
With
this
order
and
maner
the
Portingales
which
go
thither
doe
nowe
trade
.
And
when
the
naturall
people
of
the
Countrey
will
go
from
one
Prouince
to
another
,
they
giue
sureties
to
returne
within
a
certaine
time
which
is
appointed
them
.
And
they
suffer
them
not
to
carie
with
them
any
shippes
aboue
the
burthen
of
one
hundreth
tonnes
,
or
one
hundreth
and
fiftie
,
bicause
they
should
not
go
farre
of
.
And
to
the
ende
the
shippes
of
the
realme
,
&
other
strange
ships
that
come
thither
in
the
trade
of
marchandize
,
may
go
safe
&
come
safe
;
for
that
purpose
the
king
hath
great
shippes
armed
and
warlike
,
which
The
kings
nauie
to
cleare
the
coastes
from
enemies
and
pirots
.
runne
by
all
these
coastes
and
Ilandes
,
to
seeke
out
theeues
and
pirots
,
and
within
the
Riuers
they
haue
for
this
purpose
many
smal
armed
shippes
verie
good
of
sayle
:
and
especially
those
that
runne
by
the
Prouince
of
Cansi
,
which
standeth
right
ouer
against
the
Laos
,
and
the
Bramenez
their
enemies
,
and
also
by
other
prouinces
where
need
is
,
for
to
assure
in
safety
such
as
are
traders
with
their
goodes
and
marchandizes
.
And
bicause
they
may
haue
good
dispatch
in
the
ports
,
they
haue
established
by
law
of
the
realme
,
that
the
first
ship
dispath
at
th●…
portes
.
which
shall
come
in
,
shall
first
be
laden
and
dispatched
,
and
the
rest
as
they
come
in
by
their
order
.
They
carie
in
all
Galleries
.
these
shippes
galleries
verie
curious
in
the
poope
ouer
the
helme
,
and
by
imitation
whereof
the
Portingales
doe
vse
the
like
now
in
their
galleons
&
ships
that
go
for
the
India
.
And
A
pitch
of
lime
and
oyle
of
fishe
.
also
they
vse
a
kind
of
Bitumen
or
pitch
,
which
they
learned
of
them
,
which
they
call
the
pitch
that
is
made
of
lime
and
oyle
of
fishe
,
and
common
sort
of
pitch
,
made
very
smal
and
so
incorporate
,
which
is
put
betweene
the
sides
of
the
shippes
,
and
an
other
newe
lining
of
boordes
,
that
is
made
vpon
the
olde
,
vnto
the
place
where
the
waters
do
ordinarily
come
,
which
is
as
much
to
say
,
the
lading
marke
,
when
they
are
laden
:
and
after
that
in
place
of
pitch
they
turne
to
couer
the
newe
liuing
with
the
said
newe
kinde
of
pitch
,
which
is
This
pitch
is
defensiue
against
the
wormes
.
so
profitable
to
the
boorde
or
table
,
that
neuer
after
entereth
into
it
any
worme
,
and
within
short
time
it
is
made
so
hard
with
the
water
as
a
stone
.
And
with
this
the
ships
of
China
endure
a
long
time
,
in
such
sort
that
they
haue
put
to
some
of
their
shippes
called
Iuncos
,
the
same
kinde
of
pitch
foure
or
fiue
times
,
that
their
side
is
as
hard
as
a
wall
,
but
they
remaine
with
this
kinde
of
fortification
verie
heauy
to
go
with
Discommoditie
of
the
pitch
.
Pumpes
artificial
.
the
saile
.
They
vse
a
certaine
kinde
of
pumpes
made
of
many
peeces
,
like
to
Anorias
of
Spaine
,
put
a
long
by
the
shippes
sides
within
,
so
artificially
,
that
one
man
sitting
and
moouing
his
feete
continually
as
one
that
goeth
vp
a
paire
of
staires
,
pumpeth
a
great
shippe
in
little
time
,
although
she
make
verie
much
water
.
The
great
store
of
Barkes
that
are
for
seruice
in
Riuers
,
Barkes
innumerable
.
Multitudes
of
families
alwayes
liuing
on
the
water
.
are
innumerable
,
and
it
is
to
the
Barkemen
an
inheritante
and
continuall
habitation
.
They
carie
in
them
their
wiues
and
children
in
one
side
of
them
,
coueved
like
a
house
,
and
in
the
other
side
they
haue
made
a
place
for
the
ease
of
their
passengers
.
And
as
the
Riuers
are
verie
great
,
and
broade
,
and
nauigable
,
there
are
in
them
continually
manie
Barkes
,
like
to
vittayling
houses
▪
where
is
to
be
had
meate
and
drinke
verie
delicious
:
and
there
are
like
wise
to
be
solde
all
fiue
sortes
of
marchandize
that
are
to
bee
founde
in
the
great
Cities
.
Also
there
are
manie
poore
people
of
the
villages
which
are
sitting
at
the
Riuers
sides
,
they
dwell
also
in
Barkes
in
the
water
,
without
hauing
any
other
place
to
goe
vnto
,
the
men
their
wiues
and
children
,
they
bring
their
couerings
for
to
defende
them
from
the
raine
and
from
the
Sunne
,
and
they
breede
in
them
hennes
,
Geese
,
Pigeons
,
They
breede
●…oultrie
and
●…oule
in
the
Barkes
.
Gardens
.
and
in
the
outside
they
make
a
little
Garden
,
wherein
they
plant
flowers
,
and
some
garden
hearbs
.
These
get
their
liuing
in
going
to
worke
in
the
Countrey
in
the
small
villages
at
all
kind
of
worke
.
And
the
women
they
passe
ouer
by
Barke
the
way
fairing
men
,
if
any
come
,
and
they
also
go
vp
and
downe
the
Riuer
with
great
long
canes
,
&
certaine
smal
baskets
made
of
twigges
tied
at
the
ende
,
where
withal
they
catch
shell
fishe
,
for
to
susteyne
themselues
.
In
other
greater
Barkes
goeth
people
of
wealth
,
and
some
Barkes
do
apperteine
to
riche
men
,
where
their
seruants
are
,
they
haue
in
them
certaine
great
cages
made
of
Canes
as
long
as
the
Barke
,
wherein
they
are
accustomed
to
bring
vp
three
or
foure
thousande
Duckes
,
which
they
feede
in
this
manner
,
when
it
is
day
they
giue
them
sod
Kise
,
not
so
much
as
may
Water
foule
.
fill
them
,
and
immediately
they
set
open
the
doore
where
they
are
,
that
they
may
cast
themselues
into
the
Riuer
,
by
a
doore
that
is
made
of
the
same
Canes
:
And
it
is
a
maruellous
thing
to
see
,
the
haste
howe
they
goe
out
one
vpon
another
,
vntill
they
come
a
lande
,
where
they
goe
feeding
all
the
day
Rosiers
.
Rewardes
.
vntill
night
,
in
the
places
where
Roses
doe
growe
.
The
owners
of
the
Roses
do
giue
to
the
Barkemen
rewardes
,
bycause
they
make
cleane
the
places
where
the
Roses
growe
of
the
grasse
that
growes
among
them
,
&
at
night
they
make
The
foule
returne
by
noise
of
the
drum
.
a
signe
or
noyse
with
a
small
drumme
,
and
then
they
come
all
home
.
And
although
there
are
diuerse
Barks
togither
,
they
knowe
to
which
Barke
they
should
goe
▪
by
reason
of
the
sounde
,
and
they
returne
into
the
same
Barke
with
the
like
furie
they
went
forth
.
And
bycause
there
may
be
moued
some
question
after
what
sort
they
raise
and
breede
such
great
multitudes
of
Duckes
and
water
foule
,
you
shall
vnderstand
that
Egges
hatched
by
〈◊〉
perate
hea●…
of
d●…urg
,
a
also
by
warmth
of
fire
.
in
the
Sommer
time
they
put
two
or
three
thousand
egges
into
dung
,
and
with
continual
warmth
,
and
gentle
heate
thereof
and
with
the
time
,
there
commeth
forth
this
broode
,
as
the
Chickens
doe
in
grand
Cairo
in
Aegypt
:
and
in
the
Winter
they
make
a
great
hearth
,
vpon
the
which
they
put
a
great
number
of
egges
,
and
vnderneath
they
make
a
soft
,
mtid●…
,
and
gentle
fire
,
and
so
it
continueth
in
one
sort
for
certaine
dayes
,
vntill
these
broodes
come
foorth
:
and
this
is
the
cause
that
there
are
such
multitudes
of
them
.
The
Barkes
of
these
fishers
,
as
well
in
the
Sea
as
in
the
Riuers
,
are
innumerable
,
for
the
which
cause
it
is
manifest
,
that
it
is
the
best
prouided
Countrey
of
fish
that
is
in
the
whole
world
For
as
I
haue
sayde
,
although
it
be
500.
leagues
within
the
lande
,
they
eate
euery
day
fresh
fishe
of
the
Sea
.
And
for
bycause
this
shoulde
not
seeme
incredible
,
I
will
referre
mee
to
the
The
politik
increase
a●…
breeding
o●…
fishe
.
order
that
they
haue
therfore
euery
yeare
in
the
month
of
Februarie
and
March
,
&
part
of
April
,
when
the
great
Freshes
do
come
.
The
fish
of
the
Sea
doe
come
to
cast
their
spawne
,
or
egges
,
at
the
going
forth
of
the
Riuers
,
which
is
the
cause
that
there
doth
breede
great
store
of
small
fishe
in
the
creekes
thereof
,
to
which
places
all
the
fishermen
doe
come
that
dwell
along
the
coast
,
with
their
Barkes
and
nettes
with
them
,
they
fishe
of
this
fishe
,
and
they
cast
them
into
certeine
pondes
,
which
they
make
in
the
water
after
the
maner
of
a
rounde
circle
,
vpon
great
roddes
and
course
nettes
,
where
they
liue
and
are
susteyned
vntill
the
fishing
be
done
,
which
dureth
certaine
dayes
.
In
this
time
there
they
vse
too
come
downe
a
great
multitude
of
Barkes
of
all
the
Prouinces
of
the
China
,
of
the
innermost
part
of
the
lande
,
in
the
which
Barkes
they
bring
manye
Baskets
made
of
twigges
,
and
lined
with
Paper
layde
vppon
with
Oyle
,
that
the
water
maye
not
come
foorth
,
and
euerie
one
of
these
doe
buy
the
Fishe
that
they
haue
neede
of
,
according
to
the
Baskettes
that
they
doe
bring
,
and
forth
with
they
returne
againe
into
the
lande
,
moouing
them
euery
day
into
other
water
,
for
too
sell
them
where
best
they
may
be
payed
for
them
.
And
al
men
that
are
of
abilitie
doe
buy
of
these
baskets
for
the
storing
of
their
pondes
,
which
they
haue
at
their
houses
,
and
places
of
their
inheritances
.
And
they
are
made
to
growe
and
increase
in
short
time
with
the
dung
of
Kine
.
And
in
all
the
ditches
of
the
Cities
there
is
cast
in
,
and
doe
breede
after
this
sort
great
quantitie
,
the
which
the
gouernours
and
officers
of
the
King
doe
enioy
:
whereby
is
vnderstoode
the
maruellous
industrie
which
they
vse
for
to
enioy
the
great
abundance
thereof
.
And
the
king
hath
for
these
fishings
in
all
the
cities
which
are
built
vpon
the
Riuers
sides
,
●…acrowes
to
〈◊〉
fish
with
.
many
sea
Rauens
,
or
Cormorants
putte
into
cubbes
,
where
they
breede
and
multiplie
:
with
the
which
Cormorantes
there
is
made
a
great
fishing
.
And
the
Barkes
that
are
appointed
for
this
fishing
do
come
togither
,
and
are
put
in
compasse
in
the
middest
of
the
Riuer
,
and
they
doe
binde
fast
the
gorges
or
mawes
of
these
birds
,
bicause
the
fishe
should
not
discende
downe
to
the
guttes
,
and
they
cast
them
out
to
fishe
,
and
to
swallow
downe
vntill
they
fill
theyr
mawes
of
small
fishes
,
and
if
they
meete
with
any
great
one
,
they
take
him
out
of
his
bill
,
wherewith
all
they
returne
into
the
Barke
to
cast
out
all
he
hath
taken
.
After
this
sort
they
continue
theyr
fishing
vntill
they
haue
what
they
will
,
and
then
they
vnlose
them
,
and
do
returne
them
to
their
places
,
that
they
may
fill
themselues
at
their
owne
will
,
and
so
they
put
them
into
their
cubbes
as
before
.
Some
part
of
these
fishes
the
king
doth
giue
to
his
officers
,
and
the
rest
is
distributed
for
the
prouision
of
the
Cities
for
to
encrease
his
reuenues
.
The
Barkes
wherein
the
gouernors
and
the
officers
do
saile
in
,
haue
their
couerings
high
,
and
theyr
cabans
verie
well
wrought
,
and
gilded
both
without
and
within
,
with
theyr
windowes
,
&
casementes
adorned
with
fine
shewes
.
And
the
Barkes
of
the
officers
of
lower
degree
,
are
well
neare
built
after
the
same
maner
,
and
with
as
much
gallantnesse
.
There
are
so
many
Barkes
of
the
one
sort
and
of
the
other
,
that
they
say
commonly
that
theyr
King
maye
make
a
bridge
vpon
Barkes
,
Astraung●…
thing
wor●…
the
noting
that
will
reach
from
China
to
Malaca
,
which
is
fiue
hundreth
leages
distant
.
The
xi
.
Chapter
,
sheweth
of
the
letters
,
cyphers
,
and
figures
of
the
people
of
China
,
and
of
their
studyes
in
generall
.
THe
people
of
China
haue
non
number
of
letters
in
their
A
B
C
,
for
all
that
they
write
is
by
figures
,
signifying
the
heauen
which
they
call
Guant
,
by
one
onely
figure
which
is
this
.
And
the
king
which
they
cal
Bontai
,
which
is
this
.
And
in
like
order
the
earth
,
the
Sea
,
and
the
rest
of
the
Elaments
,
and
names
,
vsing
more
than
fiue
thousande
ciphers
or
figures
,
different
one
from
the
other
,
which
they
make
verie
readily
.
I
saw
a
China
doe
it
,
and
I
requested
him
to
write
certaine
names
,
and
he
shewed
to
me
the
numbers
that
they
doe
account
withall
,
and
they
were
easie
to
vnderstand
,
and
to
summe
and
rest
any
maner
of
account
by
Arithmetike
by
them
as
well
as
by
those
of
our
ciphers
:
they
make
the
lines
throughout
both
aboue
and
beneath
,
verie
equall
and
wich
great
order
,
beginning
contrarie
to
vs
.
After
the
self
same
order
they
haue
in
their
impression
which
they
vsed
many
yeares
before
it
was
vsed
in
Europe
.
Of
their
printed
bookes
which
doeth
treate
of
theyr
Histories
,
there
were
two
of
those
bookes
in
the
power
of
the
most
excellent
Queene
of
Portugale
,
the
Ladie
Katherine
that
now
liueth
.
And
that
which
seemeth
most
to
be
marueyled
at
,
is
,
that
they
speaking
different
languages
in
the
most
part
of
theyr
Prouinces
,
and
the
one
vnderstande
not
the
other
by
speache
,
more
than
the
Gascoines
doe
vnderstande
the
Valencianos
,
yet
generally
they
vnderstande
one
another
by
wryting
,
for
one
maner
of
figure
or
cipher
doth
serue
euerie
one
of
them
,
and
to
signifie
to
them
any
maner
●…traunge
ef●…ct
in
their
riting
.
of
name
.
And
although
they
declare
one
to
another
of
them
any
worde
that
is
straunge
,
yet
they
vnderstande
that
it
is
the
selfe
same
thing
,
bycause
they
see
plainely
that
it
doeth
signifie
a
Citie
which
is
this
,
and
some
doe
call
it
Leombi
,
and
others
Fu
,
the
one
and
the
other
doe
vnderstand
that
it
is
to
be
vn
▪
derstoode
a
Citie
,
and
the
like
followeth
in
all
other
names
.
And
in
this
sort
they
talke
one
with
another
in
writing
,
those
of
Lapaon
,
and
Ilandes
of
the
Lechios
,
and
the
Realme
of
Guachinchina
,
without
vnderstanding
anie
woorde
the
one
with
another
when
they
speake
.
In
all
Cities
the
king
hath
generall
●…ree
scholes
.
Schooles
at
his
owne
cost
,
and
to
them
doe
come
an
infinite
number
of
Scholers
to
be
taught
.
A
Frier
named
Gaspar
de
la
Cruz
,
being
a
religious
man
of
Portingale
,
of
the
order
of
Saint
Dominicke
,
that
was
in
that
Countrey
in
the
Citie
of
Canton
,
and
that
wrote
plentifully
the
things
he
saw
,
and
that
which
happened
to
him
in
the
voyage
,
sayeth
,
that
they
teach
in
these
their
Schooles
onely
the
lawes
of
the
The
lawes
●…aught
in
Schooles
.
Astronomers
Realme
and
no
other
science
.
But
there
bee
some
learned
men
that
haue
knowledge
of
the
course
of
the
heauens
,
wherby
they
know
the
Eclipses
of
the
Sunne
and
of
the
Moone
,
and
these
teach
to
particular
parsones
,
of
their
owne
free
wil.
And
Iohn
de
Barros
doeth
say
,
that
beside
the
teaching
of
their
owne
lawes
,
they
also
teach
naturall
Philosophie
,
and
that
they
be
great
Astrologers
,
which
he
knoweth
by
relation
of
others
,
and
by
a
booke
they
brought
him
from
thence
of
the
scituation
of
the
Countrey
,
with
a
Commentarie
vpon
the
same
after
the
maner
of
an
Itinerary
,
with
a
Mappe
or
A
not
able
●…all
.
Carde
Geographicall
,
made
by
the
sayde
people
of
the
China
,
wherein
is
mention
made
of
one
wall
,
which
beginneth
from
the
Citie
of
Ocoioy
,
and
standeth
betweene
two
verie
high
mountaines
,
euen
like
vnto
a
way
,
passage
or
gate
that
passeth
through
that
whole
Region
,
which
doth
runne
from
fortie
three
to
fortie
flue
degrees
from
the
West
to
the
East
,
and
vntill
it
meete
with
another
great
hill
which
runneth
out
into
the
Easterly
Seas
,
after
the
maner
of
a
head
lande
,
or
Cape
,
and
seemeth
to
be
in
length
more
then
two
hundreth
leagues
,
which
the
kinges
in
times
past
did
commaunde
too
buylde
,
for
to
defende
the
incursions
of
the
Tartares
from
his
Countrey
,
their
auncient
mortall
enemies
.
And
all
those
Mountaines
,
Rivers
,
Cities
,
and
Townes
,
with
theyr
names
,
which
Carde
or
Mappe
did
answere
well
to
the
booke
,
after
the
maner
as
they
vse
there
,
is
after
three
sortes
,
that
is
by
stature
,
league
,
and
iourney
,
and
wee
vse
the
like
.
And
the
first
and
least
distance
they
call
Lij
,
which
haue
so
much
space
as
in
a
plaine
grounde
,
and
a
calme
day
the
voyce
of
a
man
may
be
heard
,
and
ten
of
these
Li●…s
doe
make
one
Pu
,
which
doe
answere
little
more
then
a
leage
of
ours
of
Spaine
,
and
ten
Pues
do
make
a
dayes
iourney
,
which
they
cal
Ichan
.
And
it
is
not
to
be
marueyled
that
they
do
not
scituate
the
distance
of
the
lande
with
degrees
answering
too
the
celestial
Orbe
,
seeing
that
at
the
time
of
Ptolome
it
was
not
vsed
of
the
Geographers
,
notwithstanding
that
hee
sayth
they
haue
this
vse
in
their
Oroscopos
when
they
vse
their
Astrologie
.
The
king
doeth
sende
to
these
Scholers
euerie
yeare
visitors
Visitours
of
Schooles
.
to
examine
the
students
,
to
see
and
vnderstand
if
they
profite
in
learning
.
And
those
which
are
able
and
learne
wel
,
they
honor
with
woordes
of
commendation
,
and
do
animate
them
that
they
go
forwarde
in
theyr
studie
,
offering
them
to
increase
theyr
liuings
:
and
those
which
do
not
profite
in
learning
,
they
commaunde
to
be
put
into
Prison
,
and
they
whip
them
:
and
when
they
are
altogither
vnprofitable
,
they
dispatch
them
away
euery
three
yeares
.
The
visitors
vse
this
kinde
of
examination
,
when
they
come
to
take
residence
of
the
Iudges
,
and
the
Kinges
Officers
:
and
they
bring
power
and
authoritie
to
graduate
such
as
are
able
men
,
and
of
sufficient
knowledge
in
the
lawe
,
which
is
to
make
them
sufficient
for
to
serue
the
king
in
Offec●…s
and
gouernements
,
as
it
is
more
at
large
declared
in
an
other
Chapter
following
.
The
xii
.
Chapter
sheweth
howe
that
of
all
this
great
Realme
of
China
one
onely
Prince
is
King
and
Lorde
:
and
of
his
Councell
and
Maiestie
,
of
his
house
,
and
Court.
AL
this
great
Realme
is
subiect
to
one
onely
king
and
monarche
which
doeth
gouerne
&
reigne
in
it
.
And
there
doth
succeede
in
the
Realme
from
fathers
to
sonnes
,
and
for
lacke
of
them
it
goeth
to
the
next
in
kinred
:
but
,
as
they
marry
manie
wiues
,
according
to
the
maner
of
the
Turkish
Emperours
,
verie
seldome
times
they
lacke
successours
.
The
first
child
that
is
born
of
any
of
his
diuerse
wiues
is
of
force
inheritor
of
the
Realme
:
&
to
the
rest
of
the
children
after
they
are
maried
,
there
is
appointed
to
them
Cities
,
wherein
they
shall
liue
priuately
,
where
they
are
prouided
of
all
thinges
that
are
needfull
for
them
,
according
to
their
degrees
,
with
expresse
commandement
that
they
go
not
forth
of
them
,
nor
euermore
after
to
come
at
the
Court
,
vpon
paine
of
losse
of
theyr
liues
.
And
when
in
olde
time
the
kings
maried
their
sonnes
,
they
made
a
solemne
banquet
vnto
all
the
knightes
and
principall
Lordes
of
his
Court
,
and
did
commaunde
to
carie
with
them
their
sonnes
and
daughters
richly
apparaled
,
and
trimmed
;
and
in
this
congregation
came
the
Princes
,
where
all
the
Ladies
were
ioyned
in
companie
,
and
there
they
choose
for
their
wiues
such
as
to
them
seemed
best
and
fayrest
,
and
the
yong
women
did
the
like
of
the
yong
men
,
but
nowe
they
marie
themselues
with
those
of
theyr
owne
kindred
.
This
same
selfe
rigor
that
is
vsed
of
shetting
them
vp
,
all
the
rest
of
the
kinges
kindred
doe
suffer
the
like
,
being
resident
for
the
most
part
in
the
Citie
of
Cansi
,
with
commandement
that
some
do
neuer
go
forth
of
their
houses
too
auoyde
all
manner
of
occasion
and
suspicion
,
of
alteration
.
The
dwelling
houses
where
these
Princes
dwell
are
verie
Ample
houses
with
Princely
pleasures
.
great
,
for
within
them
they
haue
all
the
pleasure
and
contentment
that
is
to
be
thought
,
aswell
of
Gardens
,
Orchards
,
Pondes
of
fish
of
diuerse
sortes
,
as
also
of
Parks
,
where
they
haue
diuerse
kinde
of
deare
and
foule
,
such
as
may
be
had
in
Mountaines
and
Riuers
,
all
compassed
about
with
walles
,
which
maketh
more
compasse
than
a
great
towne
.
And
as
they
vnderstand
in
nothing
else
but
in
making
much
of
them selues
:
they
are
commonly
fat
,
of
good
conditions
,
peaceable
,
and
liberall
with
straungers
.
They
giue
themselues
much
to
Musicke
,
wherewithall
they
passe
the
time
,
and
in
other
quiet
exercises
.
The
gouernours
and
the
kings
officers
are
bound
to
visite
them
in
all
their
festiuall
dayes
,
and
if
they
ride
along
by
their
doores
on
horse
backe
,
they
alight
downe
,
and
if
they
be
caried
in
Chaires
they
descend
downe
also
,
and
they
passe
by
making
little
noyse
,
as
men
that
make
no
shew
of
their
authoritie
,
nor
ordinarie
pompe
as
they
are
accustomed
to
doe
.
And
for
this
cause
they
haue
their
gates
of
these
houses
painted
with
red
oker
,
bycause
they
shal
be
knowne
.
There
is
not
in
all
this
Realme
any
Lorde
that
hath
subiects
,
or
iuristdiction
,
or
other
title
,
than
of
an
Off●…eer
,
which
is
the
most
honourable
title
they
haue
,
and
it
doth
signifie
in
their
language
,
as
much
as
if
we
in
our
language
should
say
Lord
and
knight
.
It
is
gotten
by
studie
,
and
sufficiencie
in
the
lawes
of
the
Realme
,
and
by
worthinesse
in
the
field
,
and
by
particular
seruice
made
too
the
king
,
or
to
the
common
Painted
gates
.
wealth
.
Those
with
are
chosen
for
the
lawes
of
the
realm
▪
&
for
men
of
warre
,
are
extolled
according
to
the
desertes
that
euerie
one
doe
▪
vntill
they
come
to
bee
Presidents
and
gouernours
of
the
Prouinces
,
and
▪
generall
Captaines
in
the
Sea
▪
and
in
the
lande
:
and
they
are
occupied
also
in
other
offices
of
the
house
and
Court
of
this
Prince
,
and
to
be
of
the
kings
councell
,
which
is
the
highest
office
that
is
.
Those
which
they
make
sufficient
in
learning
,
they
choose
in
this
maner
.
The
king
doth
sende
euerie
three
yeares
a
Chaen
,
which
is
as
one
should
say
a
Iudge
of
residence
to
euerie
Prouince
,
that
hee
may
visite
the
gouernours
and
officers
thereof
.
And
this
visitation
being
ended
,
hee
dooth
commaund
that
in
the
chiefe
Citie
there
be
ioyned
the
most
learned
studentes
of
the
most
Cities
of
that
iurisdiction
,
&
with
the
most
learned
lawiers
,
and
of
most
authoritie
,
they
are
all
examined
,
and
such
as
Graduating
.
they
fynde
sufficient
,
they
doe
graduate
with
much
solemnitie
,
and
with
great
ceremonies
,
making
themselues
merie
in
these
feastes
certaine
dayes
with
much
musicke
,
daunces
,
Comedies
and
banquets
:
where
withall
hee
sendeth
them
to
the
Court
,
that
they
may
receyue
the
signes
of
men
of
lawe
,
which
are
certaine
Coyfes
with
eares
,
and
also
hat●…es
,
and
broade
and
long
gyrdles
,
and
there
they
remaine
vntill
their
letters
patients
of
their
Offices
be
giuen
them
.
And
such
as
Choise
of
the
Captaines
.
are
made
for
the
warres
,
first
they
choose
the
Captaines
generall
,
exalting
the
valtauntest
souldiers
with
honourable
&
profitable
roomes
:
for
they
do
not
let
to
esteeme
all
such
as
doe
valiantly
,
and
to
rewarde
them
with
great
liberalitie
,
increasing
theyr
giftes
according
to
theyr
deserts
.
The
rest
of
the
Offices
are
giuen
by
the
king
himsefe
,
but
these
rise
no
higher
in
degree
,
but
to
haue
this
title
of
Captaine
generall
,
for
to
enioy
many
liberties
,
freedomes
and
gaine
,
which
is
an
ordinarie
thing
to
such
.
This
Prince
seldome
or
neuer
goeth
forth
of
his
Palace
,
for
the
conseruation
of
his
greatnes
,
and
the
authoritie
of
his
estate
,
but
when
hee
goeth
to
the
warres
,
or
do
remoue
Rare
comming
of
the
king
abroade
.
with
his
Court
.
And
he
hath
within
the
compasse
of
his
house
all
the
pleasures
and
pastimes
that
may
bee
deuised
for
the
content
of
mankinde
,
and
the
lodginges
of
his
sonnes
and
kinsfolkes
are
so
great
,
as
it
is
before
sayd
,
whereof
the
Maiestie
and
greatnesse
of
his
house
may
be
imagined
.
And
that
it
is
not
to
bee
marueyled
that
it
is
so
great
,
as
some
doe
say
the
Citie
of
Paquin
is
,
where
he
is
resident
for
the
most
part
,
by
reason
of
the
greate
warres
hee
hath
with
the
Tartarres
,
that
in
one
day
from
Sunne
to
Sunne
,
a
man
cannot
ride
Betwene
&
gate
〈◊〉
than
a
d●…
iourney
〈◊〉
horsebac●…
from
one
gate
to
another
.
And
besides
his
Palace
,
the
houses
are
verie
great
which
apperteine
to
those
of
his
Counsell
,
and
the
rest
of
his
gouernours
and
captaynes
,
and
of
manie
other
men
of
lawe
,
that
are
alwayes
resident
in
the
Court
.
The
same
is
sayde
by
the
Citie
of
Manquin
,
where
in
olde
time
the
kinges
were
accustomed
to
dwell
and
haue
theyr
Courte
,
by
reason
it
was
set
in
a
fruitfull
soyle
,
freshe
and
calme
.
And
in
remembraunce
that
he
hath
beene
continually
resident
there
,
they
haue
in
that
Citie
in
the
house
of
the
treasurer
of
the
kings
rentes
in
that
Prouince
a
table
of
Golde
,
A
table
o●…
golde
.
wherein
is
written
the
name
of
the
king
that
then
reigned
,
couered
with
a
riche
Curteine
,
and
they
goe
to
it
and
reuerence
it
,
as
though
it
were
the
king
himselfe
.
And
so
all
the
Officers
and
Lawyers
,
and
chiefe
Gouernours
are
bounde
to
drawe
the
Curteine
aside
in
all
festiuall
dayes
,
that
is
,
in
the
time
of
the
newe
Moones
,
which
amongest
them
is
the
first
day
of
the
Moneth
.
And
in
the
rest
of
the
Prouinces
,
there
are
other
Tables
like
to
this
,
but
they
go
not
to
them
to
make
anie
reuerence
,
but
when
they
doe
discouer
them
:
whereby
you
may
vnderstand●…
the
veneration
that
they
giue
The
kings
title
.
to
their
prince
.
And
they
giue
him
title
of
the
Lorde
of
the
worlde
,
and
the
Sonne
of
heauen
.
The
seruants
and
suche
as
serue
in
his
house
are
gelded
men
,
by
reason
of
the
number
of
wiues
they
haue
,
and
so
are
the
most
part
of
his
chiefe
Counsaile
bycause
that
with
more
assurance
they
may
go
in
to
him
,
&
consult
with
him
in
the
businesse
of
the
gouernment
of
his
Realme
,
and
estate
of
his
warres
:
and
no
others
doe
speake
with
him
but
those
.
His
Realme
is
so
large
and
long
,
that
for
to
goe
by
iourneys
from
the
Citie
of
Canton
,
An
argu●…
of
a
larg●…
dominion
.
to
his
Court
,
is
foure
or
fiue
monethes
iourney
:
and
yet
there
are
other
Cities
further
.
Hee
hath
knowledge
euerie
Moneth
,
and
relation
of
all
thinges
that
doe
happen
in
euerie
Prouince
,
aswell
touching
the
state
,
warres
,
and
rentes
,
as
of
al
other
successes
,
with
ordinarie
postes
that
the
Gouernours
do
dispatch
to
him
for
this
effect
.
The
same
order
of
the
poste
is
as
we
haue
among
vs
.
Barros
doth
write
,
that
they
runne
with
collers
of
Belles
,
and
others
that
haue
beene
in
that
Countrey
say
,
they
vse
to
blowe
with
a
horne
to
aske
horses
,
and
to
giue
knowledge
to
Barkes
to
passe
Riuers
.
The
Embassadours
of
Princes
beeing
his
friendes
or
enemies
,
are
receiued
with
greate
veneration
:
they
lodge
them
,
and
prouide
them
of
all
things
needful
with
great
liberalitie
:
and
when
they
come
where
the
king
is
,
al
the
Lords
and
knights
of
the
Court
go
forth
to
receiue
them
,
&
they
giue
them
great
gifts
and
presents
,
and
honor
them
with
the
title
of
Lawiers
.
Some
kings
being
farre
of
from
him
,
as
the
king
of
Aua
,
Siam
,
Melitij
,
Bacham
,
Chabam
,
Varagu
,
which
fell
to
the
north
partes
of
Pegu
,
and
do
acknowledge
him
obedience
,
in
remembrance
that
in
olde
time
they
were
his
subiectes
,
they
send
him
ordinarily
their
Embassadors
with
some
present
,
&
for
the
great
iourney
they
haue
to
this
kings
Court
,
they
alwayes
send
with
the
embassage
foure
or
fiue
persons
,
euerie
one
with
like
authoritie
,
that
if
it
happe
some
of
them
to
die
in
the
way
,
or
vntill
they
be
dispatched
from
thence
:
and
if
they
die
not
of
anie
disease
,
they
alwayes
poyson
one
or
two
of
them
in
some
banket
,
vnto
whom
they
make
verie
sumptuous
Sepulchres
,
with
Epitaphs
conteining
what
they
were
,
and
the
cause
of
their
comming
,
and
by
what
prince
they
were
sent
:
and
this
is
for
to
continue
the
memorie
and
greatnesse
of
the
renowne
of
his
Realme
.
The
Embassadors
of
the
rest
of
the
Princes
are
so
priueleged
in
such
sort
,
that
those
of
his
counsaile
hauing
condemned
too
death
one
Bartholomew
Perez
,
and
all
the
rest
of
his
companie
that
was
sent
to
this
countries
,
by
the
gouernour
of
the
India
as
Embassadour
of
the
king
Don
Emanuel
of
Portingal
,
surmising
that
their
embassage
was
false
,
and
that
they
were
spies
,
by
reason
of
a
certaine
relation
giuen
against
them
by
the
embassadors
of
the
king
of
Malaca
,
and
the
king
himself
vnderstanding
of
the
matter
,
did
commaund
,
that
their
Embassage
being
false
or
true
,
it
was
sufficient
that
there
should
be
no
hurt
done
to
their
persones
,
seeing
they
were
entred
within
the
realme
with
the
title
of
Embassadors
.
Other
there
are
that
come
for
some
common
weales
,
which
are
Lordes
that
do
owe
obedience
to
him
:
they
make
no
enterteynment
to
such
,
but
vse
them
with
a
strange
kind
of
Ceremonie
.
When
they
say
to
them
that
they
shall
go
to
see
the
king
,
they
appoint
them
the
day
and
houre
,
and
they
cause
them
to
goe
on
foote
,
or
on
horsebacke
,
with
bridles
of
strawe
for
humilitie
.
And
in
comming
too
a
great
place
that
is
before
the
kings
house
,
they
stay
vntill
there
come
vnto
them
an
Officer
of
the
kings
,
who
doth
the
office
of
the
maister
of
Ceremonies
,
and
doe
commaunde
them
to
passe
forwarde
.
And
at
a
certaine
place
they
kneele
downe
,
&
hold
vp
both
theyr
hands
togither
,
as
though
they
prayed
to
God
,
&
they
beholde
one
quarter
part
of
the
houses
of
the
kings
palace
,
where
they
tel
them
that
the
king
is
,
&
at
times
in
equall
space
,
they
make
other
fiue
times
their
prayers
,
and
without
turning
their
shoulders
,
they
returne
backewarde
with
the
like
Ceremonies
:
and
this
being
done
,
they
send
them
away
.
This
say
they
,
is
to
go
to
see
the
king
.
If
they
giue
them
licence
to
say
what
they
will
,
they
remaine
in
the
last
prayers
on
their
knees
,
vntill
there
come
to
them
an
other
officer
which
is
the
Secretarie
that
writeth
downe
all
that
they
aske
,
and
with
saying
to
them
that
they
will
consult
of
it
with
the
Lord
of
the
world
,
they
are
sent
away
for
that
time
,
vntill
they
bee
dispatched
with
the
determination
and
opinion
of
his
chiefe
Counsaile
.
The
XIII
.
Chapter
sheweth
of
the
Presidentes
and
Officers
,
which
are
in
euery
Prouince
,
and
the
order
which
they
haue
in
the
Gouernment
of
them
.
THE
King
doth
prouide
Officers
for
the
Gouernment
of
euery
Prouince
,
besides
ordinarie
Iudges
,
which
are
in
some
prouince
more
than
three
〈◊〉
.
officers
prouince
.
thousande
;
as
also
fiue
Presidents
;
and
euery
one
of
them
hath
his
iurisdiction
by
himself
,
of
diuers
causes
:
the
chief
of
them
is
called
the
Tutan
,
which
is
a
Uiceroy
or
gouerner
of
al
the
Prouince
,
vntoo
whome
they
come
generally
with
the
knowledge
of
al
great
griefes
and
smal
offences
.
And
al
the
penalties
thereof
,
the
ordinary
charges
being
taken
away
,
he
sendeth
to
the
court
,
and
with
the
relation
of
al
the
newes
that
doeth
happen
euery
moneth
.
His
aurtoritie
and
maiestie
is
so
great
,
that
he
is
not
resident
where
the
rest
of
the
Lawyers
are
,
bicause
hee
wil
not
be
visited
and
frequented
of
them
.
The
second
in
dignitie
is
the
Ponchasi
,
which
is
asmuch
too
say
,
as
the
chiefe
gatherer
of
the
kings
rents
,
and
President
of
the
Counsel
of
the
kings
reuenues
.
This
office
executeth
he
without
the
coum
sel
of
any
Lawyers
.
There
are
many
other
officers
that
doo
serue
to
recouer
the
kings
rentes
with
the
which
they
come
to
the
Tutan
as
afore
saide
,
and
it
is
at
his
charge
too
commaunde
too
pay
al
mens
wages
,
ordinary
and
extraordinary
charges
,
&
to
take
accompt
of
them
,
as
head
Gouerner
of
al
inferiour
Officers
.
The
thirde
in
dignitie
is
the
Anchasi
,
which
is
the
President
of
the
ciuil
and
criminal
Iustice
who
doth
see
and
determine
withal
his
hearers
and
Officers
all
wightes
and
buzines
,
which
goe
in
degree
of
appellation
to
his
tribunal
from
the
rest
of
the
ordinary
Iudges
of
that
Prouince
,
&
all
other
thinges
which
are
conuenient
for
the
good
gouernment
&
expedition
of
iustice
.
The
fourth
is
the
Aytao
,
who
is
the
purueiour
general
,
and
President
of
the
Counsell
of
warres
,
too
whome
doth
aperteine
the
liuing
of
men
and
prouiding
of
shippes
,
vittailes
,
and
munitions
for
the
ships
of
warre
,
that
goe
to
the
Sea
,
and
for
armes
by
lande
and
for
ordinary
garisons
of
the
cities
and
frontier
Townes
,
and
to
know
what
straungers
do
come
,
and
from
whence
they
come
and
what
they
wil.
The
fifth
is
the
Luytisi
,
which
is
the
Captaine
general
that
doth
put
in
execution
that
which
is
ordeined
by
the
Aytao
and
those
of
his
councel
.
And
when
there
is
giuen
occasion
of
any
warres
of
importance
with
any
mighty
Prince
,
then
goeth
this
President
in
person
too
rule
or
gouerne
in
them
.
Al
these
Officers
are
of
great
auctoritie
,
and
such
as
are
officers
vnder
them
,
are
wel
taken
&
of
great
estimation
.
Euery
one
of
them
,
excepte
the
Luytisi
,
haue
ten
hearers
or
Iudges
in
his
councell
,
which
doo
assist
him
,
ordinarily
for
the
dispatching
of
his
buzines
,
which
are
men
of
great
auctoritie
and
estimation
:
and
when
they
be
in
councel
,
fiue
of
them
doo
sit
of
the
right
side
of
the
President
,
and
fiue
of
the
left
.
Those
that
sit
on
the
right
side
be
of
more
preheminence
then
the
other
fiue
,
in
that
they
weare
girdelles
of
golde
,
and
yellow
hattes
:
and
they
of
the
lefte
side
,
do
weare
gyrdelles
of
siluer
,
and
theyr
hattes
are
blewe
.
And
it
is
not
permitted
that
any
other
Iudges
of
the
Lawe
weare
these
gyrdelles
of
golde
and
siluer
and
hattes
of
these
collours
,
vnlesse
they
bee
such
as
are
Capteynes
or
other
officers
of
the
men
of
warre
.
And
if
by
chaunce
the
President
dye
,
there
doth
succeede
in
his
place
the
most
auncient
Iudge
next
too
him
.
And
when
there
is
any
need
to
go
to
visit
the
Prouince
,
there
goeth
one
of
them
with
the
auctoritie
that
euery
one
of
them
haue
too
put
order
in
the
thing
that
is
conuenient
to
be
reformed
.
These
Presidents
and
the
other
Iudges
do
bring
in
theyr
shoulders
and
brestes
the
kings
armes
,
and
they
are
a
certain
kind
of
serpents
woeuen
with
threed
of
gold
.
They
haue
many
other
inferiour
officers
:
and
although
they
be
but
Lawyers
they
alwaies
speake
too
them
kneeling
on
theyr
knees
,
except
onely
the
head
keeper
of
the
prisons
which
is
an
office
amongst
them
of
much
estimation
.
This
man
when
he
commeth
in
kneeleth
down
,
&
ryseth
vp
again
when
he
speaketh
to
them
.
And
when
these
Iudges
come
newlie
too
the
prouinces
,
there
go
forth
to
receiue
them
al
the
men
of
the
warre
with
many
banners
and
other
souldierlyke
shewes
,
and
all
the
rest
of
the
Lawyears
and
officers
with
great
myrth
and
ioy
.
They
haue
on
these
dayes
al
the
streetes
very
much
decked
with
diuers
sortes
of
silkes
,
and
with
bowes
&
branches
and
with
dyuers
sortes
of
flowres
of
most
sweete
smel
,
and
they
accompany
them
vntoo
the
streetes
where
they
muste
lodge
with
much
musike
and
diuers
sortes
of
instrumentes
,
Lykewise
the
king
doth
commande
to
prouide
with
the
opinion
of
al
his
counsell
al
the
rest
of
the
ordinarie
Officers
of
the
Cities
and
Townes
of
his
Realme
,
with
consideration
that
they
bee
not
of
the
saide
Countrie
whether
they
shal
go
to
minister
Iustice
,
that
they
bee
not
moued
by
affection
too
doo
what
they
ought
not
,
nor
behaue
themselues
with
insolencie
,
nor
yet
that
they
bee
not
made
mightie
,
with
the
auctoritie
in
commaunding
,
in
suche
sorte
that
they
may
cause
some
insurrection
and
alteration
.
This
Lawyers
nor
the
rest
of
the
officers
that
are
appointed
too
them
,
of
these
supreme
offices
,
do
make
any
maner
of
preparation
when
they
depart
from
the
Court
too
the
place
of
theyr
gouermentes
,
but
onely
of
apparel
and
a
fewe
seruauntes
that
serueth
them
,
for
in
al
places
where
they
shal
passe
through
,
the
King
hath
at
his
cost
,
houses
appointed
and
officers
,
that
shal
lodge
and
serue
them
with
al
thinges
necessarie
,
and
doo
prouide
for
them
Horses
,
and
barkes
if
they
haue
neede
of
them
.
And
for
theyr
meate
it
is
appointed
what
shal
be
giuen
to
euery
one
of
them
,
according
to
his
degree
and
office
.
And
this
liberality
they
vse
with
al
the
rest
of
the
Lawyers
,
generally
although
they
go
not
prouided
of
offices
.
At
such
tyme
as
they
come
,
they
aske
them
if
they
will
haue
theyr
stipende
that
is
appointed
for
them
,
in
meate
or
mony
:
if
they
wil
haue
it
in
meate
,
they
serue
them
very
daintily
,
as
too
men
that
haue
auctoritie
to
commaunde
too
whippe
those
Officers
if
they
doo
not
theyr
dueties
.
And
when
they
wil
lodge
in
the
house
of
some
of
their
acquaintance
or
friendes
bicause
they
wil
be
at
more
liberty
too
bee
merrie
,
then
they
giue
them
that
portion
as
is
apointed
too
them
in
mony
.
Al
these
houses
are
very
wel
prouided
for
,
by
such
as
haue
the
charge
of
them
:
it
toucheth
the
Ponchasi
of
the
Prouince
,
for
that
hee
must
take
accompte
of
such
as
are
officers
,
of
the
expences
that
is
made
of
all
these
vittailing
&
lodging
houses
.
In
al
these
houses
they
lodge
al
the
ordinarie
officers
that
they
may
exercyse
theyr
Offices
,
as
Notaries
,
serieants
,
porters
,
euen
vnto
the
executours
of
Iustice
,
vnto
whome
the
king
doth
giue
meat
&
wages
sufficiently
and
are
payde
euery
Moneth
,
bicause
they
should
not
carrie
nor
take
any
bribes
of
any
person
.
And
for
this
they
haue
an
order
that
none
of
these
Lawyers
can
prouide
or
commaunde
any
thing
in
Iustice
,
but
that
it
must
passe
before
al
these
officers
,
and
in
publike
audience
which
is
done
in
this
maner
.
The
Iudge
is
set
downe
in
his
tribunal
,
and
at
the
entery
in
of
the
hal
stande
the
porters
which
declare
with
loude
voice
the
persons
name
that
commeth
in
to
aske
iustice
,
and
what
hee
demaundeth
:
who
falleth
downe
on
his
knees
a
good
way
from
the
Iudge
,
&
doth
propound
with
a
lowde
voice
his
cause
,
or
telleth
them
by
wryting
what
hee
woulde
haue
.
And
this
petition
one
of
the
Notaries
doeth
take
and
reade
with
alowd
voice
:
and
being
seene
and
heard
,
hee
doeth
prouide
and
commaunde
Iustice
to
be
done
therevpon
,
and
doth
signe
it
with
his
owne
hand
with
red
Inke
,
and
if
he
doo
not
so
,
then
hee
doth
remit
too
an
other
inferiour
Iudge
that
he
may
do
it
.
This
maner
of
order
is
kept
so
precisly
that
by
no
meanes
they
can
bee
brybed
,
vnles
the
officers
shoulde
vnderstande
it
,
and
as
they
shal
bee
by
them
absolued
or
condemned
in
their
residences
they
feare
them
,
all
these
are
very
presise
too
execute
that
which
they
are
commaunded
as
wel
Notaries
as
Serieantes
and
the
rest
.
And
if
any
of
them
do
make
any
fault
in
theyr
office
,
euen
at
the
very
howre
there
is
put
in
their
hands
a
littel
banner
,
and
so
doo
holde
it
in
theyr
handes
kneeling
vntil
all
buzines
at
that
audience
bee
dispatched
and
concluded
.
And
foorthwith
the
Lawyer
doth
commaund
the
executioner
that
he
giue
him
as
many
whips
as
too
him
seemeth
good
,
which
are
such
as
heereafter
shall
bee
declared
:
in
such
sorce
that
all
those
Officers
go
alwayes
for
the
most
parte
with
plaisters
and
markes
,
and
this
is
so
ordinary
among
them
,
that
they
take
it
for
no
shame
too
go
in
that
sort
:
When
one
of
these
Iudges
doo
walke
in
the
Cytie
,
he
goeth
accompanied
with
these
ministers
.
Officers
,
&
other
people
among
them
▪
and
there
goeth
before
him
eight
Officers
by
both
sides
of
the
streetes
:
the
twoo
foremost
goe
with
maces
of
siluer
made
as
oures
are
,
put
into
certain
long
staues
,
and
they
signifie
that
these
Iudges
and
Lawyers
are
in
theyr
office
in
place
of
the
King
:
the
other
twoo
that
followe
,
doo
carry
twoo
long
canes
in
theyr
handes
on
high
;
which
do
represent
the
trewe
and
rightful
iustice
they
ought
too
doo
:
and
thother
twoo
that
followe
after
these
doo
carrie
other
twoo
canes
,
haling
them
vppon
the
grounde
,
and
knit
to
them
certaine
long
red
gyrdles
,
and
in
the
point
of
them
certaine
tasselles
which
are
the
instrumentes
of
iustice
where
with
al
they
whippe
.
And
the
twoo
porters
go
with
certain
tables
listed
vpp
after
the
fashion
and
making
of
a
target
:
wherein
is
written
the
name
of
the
Iustice
,
and
the
charge
and
Office
that
he
hath
:
and
those
that
go
before
these
do
bid
with
a
lowde
voice
,
that
they
giue
place
,
bycause
it
is
not
permitted
that
any
man
of
what
degree
soeuer
hee
bee
shoulde
passe
athwart
the
street
nor
walke
,
as
long
as
these
Iudges
passe
,
vppon
payne
too
bee
whipped
without
remission
that
shoulde
doo
against
it
.
This
Prince
hath
so
great
care
,
that
his
Iudges
&
Officers
as
wel
the
Gouerners
as
Presidents
&
al
the
rest
should
vse
theyr
offices
wel
,
as
they
ought
to
do
,
that
although
he
do
send
from
three
yeeres
,
to
three
yeeres
officers
which
are
called
Chaenes
to
take
accompt
of
the
Iudges
,
yet
besides
that
,
from
vi
.
Monethes
to
vi
.
Monethes
,
or
from
yeere
too
yeere
,
hee
doth
dispatche
with
all
secret
other
extraordinary
Iudges
which
are
called
Leachis
,
&
are
men
that
he
hath
great
trust
in
,
and
those
that
are
very
familier
with
him
,
that
they
may
visit
those
Prouinces
with
so
great
iurisdiction
and
autoritie
,
that
without
returning
too
him
,
they
may
chasten
al
maner
of
offices
be
they
neuer
so
great
,
and
put
out
of
office
al
Iudges
&
Officers
at
theyr
wil.
And
bycause
they
shoulde
execut●…
this
with
more
Iustice
,
there
is
taken
of
them
an
othe
of
theyr
faithfulnesse
and
secresie
,
giuing
them
to
drinke
three
tymes
of
the
wyne
,
they
vse
commonly
to
drinke
of
,
which
is
the
maner
of
theyr
othe
.
And
bicause
hee
may
goe
with
more
secrecie
,
the
Secretaries
doo
make
the
letters
pattents
without
any
name
of
him
that
shal
goe
,
nor
whether
hee
shal
goe
more
then
to
shewe
in
the
letters
patents
that
in
what
place
soeuer
that
Lawyer
shall
come
and
present
those
letters
patents
,
●…e
bee
obeyed
as
the
king
himselfe
,
vnto
whom
he
sheweth
by
worde
of
mouth
in
secrete
,
the
Prouince
whether
he
shall
go
.
And
so
hee
departeth
vnknowen
without
knowing
vnto
any
other
whether
he
shal
go
.
And
in
comming
too
the
place
hee
seeth
,
and
vnderstandeth
al
things
that
are
vsed
there
,
and
no
man
knoweth
what
hee
is
,
nor
what
hee
pretendeth
,
and
in
what
sorce
all
officers
do
minister
Iustice
.
And
this
not
geuing
knowledge
of
any
thing
what
his
comming
is
,
hee
staieth
vntill
a
day
that
the
Presidents
doo
ioyne
togither
with
the
Tutam
,
too
make
a
general
consultation
which
is
once
euery
Moneth
.
Then
he
goeth
in
to
present
his
letters
patentes
,
&
presently
they
aryse
euery
one
of
them
and
goe
aside
with
greate
humilitie
to
heare
iudgement
against
themselues
,
and
foorthwith
they
are
executed
.
And
if
there
bee
any
suspencion
,
then
he
doth
prouide
in
theyr
places
other
newe
officers
:
and
if
hee
finde
that
they
haue
serued
wel
,
hee
doth
honor
them
much
&
doth
remoue
them
to
better
places
&
of
more
trust
.
These
are
woont
too
visit
the
Schooles
&
examine
the
Studentes
:
and
such
as
doo
not
learne
,
hee
commaundeth
them
too
bee
whipt
and
too
bee
put
in
prison
,
and
the
vnprofitable
are
put
out
of
theyr
places
,
&
such
as
are
vertuous
hee
offereth
them
fauour
and
promiseth
them
hope
of
exhibition
.
There
is
an
other
office
or
dignitie
aboue
all
these
,
which
is
that
of
the
Quinchai
,
and
is
asmuch
to
say
the
sell
of
gold
.
This
man
goeth
not
out
of
the
court
,
but
when
any
great
matter
doeth
concerne
the
king
,
&
of
the
good
gouernment
,
and
quietnes
of
the
whole
realme
.
In
all
causes
as
wel
ciuil
as
criminal
,
the
Iudges
doo
proceede
orderly
in
theyr
causes
,
and
doo
make
theyr
actes
and
doo
examine
the
witnesses
in
publike
before
theyr
officers
and
ministers
,
bicause
there
shall
be
no
falsehod
nor
deceipt
vsed
in
the
as
king
of
that
which
they
know
,
nor
in
wryting
therof
.
They
examine
euery
witnesse
by
himselfe
,
and
if
they
doo
agree
in
theyr
declarations
and
depositions
they
put
them
aside
,
and
doo
aske
th
one
and
thother
,
vntil
they
come
to
differ
among
themselues
,
bicause
by
reason
that
th
one
and
thother
doo
alledge
they
may
come
to
declare
the
trueth
the
better
.
And
when
they
can
not
vnderstande
the
certaintie
,
they
whippe
them
,
and
giue
them
torment
in
such
sort
,
that
by
one
way
or
other
,
they
may
declare
the
trueth
effectually
.
They
haue
great
respect
in
these
causes
too
men
of
estimation
of
whome
they
presume
that
they
are
not
persons
that
wil
lye
.
In
causes
of
great
importaunce
and
that
doeth
touche
graue
personnes
,
the
Iudges
doo
not
trust
theyr
Notaries
too
wryte
the
informations
,
but
they
with
theyr
hands
do
set
down
al
the
acts
.
Of
such
as
are
prisoners
for
debt
,
there
is
a
tyme
appointed
wherein
they
shal
pay
them
,
and
if
they
performe
not
,
they
commaund
that
there
bee
giuen
too
them
many
whippes
,
and
they
turne
and
commaunde
a
newe
.
Another
tyme
,
and
if
they
pay
not
,
they
returne
too
whippe
them
againe
:
and
in
this
sorte
they
proceeded
with
them
vntil
they
dye
with
strypes
,
if
their
kinsefolkes
doo
not
pay
for
them
.
When
any
dweller
wil
passe
to
another
habitation
in
some
other
street
then
where
he
dwelt
before
,
or
go
too
some
other
Towne
,
they
haue
a
custome
too
ring
vppon
an
emptie
Bason
by
all
the
neighbours
with
a
common
crier
which
shal
say
that
such
a
person
doth
remoue
,
and
too
what
place
,
that
if
he
owe
any
thing
,
that
they
come
to
demaunde
it
before
bee
depart
,
bycause
no
person
shoulde
loose
any
thing
dewe
too
them
:
if
this
person
doo
absent
himselfe
without
making
this
diligence
,
the
Iustices
do
compel
al
his
neighbours
too
pay
al
the
debtes
that
he
owe
,
bicause
they
were
so
negligent
and
did
not
aduise
the
Iustice
of
his
remouing
.
Those
which
are
Prisoners
for
thefte
or
murder
,
are
kept
perpetually
in
the
prisons
,
vntil
they
dye
by
whipping
,
or
by
hunger
or
cold
.
For
although
they
be
condemned
too
death
,
they
doo
execute
the
Iudgement
with
such
deliberation
,
that
many
yeeres
after
they
come
to
die
for
necessitie
,
as
before
is
declared
,
or
of
theyr
natural
death
.
And
for
this
cause
there
are
a
great
number
of
prisoners
in
euery
Cytie
and
Towne
.
And
it
is
affirmed
that
only
in
the
Cytie
of
Canton
are
accustomed
too
be
more
then
15.
thousand
.
And
by
reason
there
are
many
people
,
and
there
is
littel
almes
giuen
,
the
poore
people
doo
giue
themselues
to
steale
.
There
is
in
this
Cytie
and
in
all
the
reste
which
are
of
the
Metrapolitan
xiii
.
Prisons
,
and
in
euery
one
of
them
a
wall
of
a
great
circuit
very
heigh
,
&
so
large
,
that
they
haue
within
them
lodges
for
the
head
keeper
,
and
his
officers
,
and
for
the
souldiers
of
the
watche
,
and
ordinarily
there
are
gardens
,
and
streetes
and
courtes
within
,
where
the
prisoners
doo
walke
by
day
,
and
there
are
many
vittayling
houses
,
where
they
dresse
meate
,
and
doo
hire
beddes
,
and
Taylers
shoppes
;
and
other
artes
,
that
the
prisoners
doo
vse
,
too
sustaine
and
maintaine
themselues
.
Of
these
thirtiene
prisons
there
are
alwaies
occupyed
six
of
them
with
men
,
which
are
condemned
too
death
,
and
in
euery
one
of
them
are
a
hundreth
souldiers
and
more
with
theyr
Captaine
,
too
keepe
the
saide
prison
.
Euery
offender
doth
bring
hanging
at
his
neck
a
borde
which
commeth
too
his
knees
and
a
spanne
broade
,
wherein
is
written
the
facte
wherefore
hee
was
condemned
,
they
go
with
fetters
,
but
in
the
day
tyme
they
are
taken
of
,
by
reason
they
may
woorke
too
get
wherewithal
to
sustaine
them
,
ouer
&
aboue
that
which
the
king
dooth
giue
them
,
which
is
a
certaine
measure
of
Rice
euery
day
,
vnto
such
as
are
condemned
too
dye
,
they
shut
them
vppe
in
the
night
in
certaine
lodges
,
which
are
neere
too
the
courts
,
and
they
make
them
ly
vpon
theyr
backes
,
and
vppon
them
doo
runne
certaine
Iron
chaynes
past
through
certaine
collers
that
are
betwene
prison
and
prison
:
wherewith
they
are
so
fast
made
,
that
they
can
not
escape
.
And
they
laye
vpon
them
certaine
couerings
made
of
timber
,
that
there
remayneth
to
them
no
more
space
but
theyr
length
and
breadth
which
is
a
most
painfull
imprisonment
.
They
neuer
execute
the
Iudgement
that
is
giuen
vppon
them
,
that
are
condemned
too
dye
,
but
when
the
Chaenes
and
Leuchis
doo
go
too
take
residence
&
doo
make
a
secret
visitation
.
Then
these
Iudges
do
aske
for
the
roules
of
them
that
are
condemned
&
the
causes
.
And
although
that
theyr
sentences
are
confirmed
by
the
king
and
of
those
of
his
chiefe
Councell
,
they
returne
too
see
againe
theyr
factes
,
with
the
rest
of
the
Lawyers
that
doo
gouerne
:
and
beeing
seene
,
they
chose
among
vi
.
or
viii
.
of
those
that
doo
seeme
too
them
too
bee
most
culpable
.
And
they
commaund
the
head
keeper
of
the
prisons
,
that
hee
giue
order
too
carry
them
too
suffer
execution
.
And
this
beeing
done
they
turne
too
see
againe
anewe
the
factes
,
that
by
any
meanes
or
waies
they
may
suspend
the
execution
of
some
of
them
.
And
if
they
finde
any
not
so
woorthie
of
death
as
the
rest
,
they
commaund
that
hee
bee
put
aside
from
the
reste
,
and
that
there
bee
shotte
of
iii
▪
peeces
of
ordinaunce
which
is
a
signe
or
token
that
they
take
out
of
the
prison
such
as
shal
dye
.
They
turne
to
consult
again
to
see
if
they
can
deliuer
any
other
,
&
when
they
come
not
,
then
they
commaunde
to
shootte
of
other
three
peeces
,
that
they
may
bee
caried
out
to
the
fieldes
:
and
before
they
go
foorth
of
councel
they
returne
too
see
theyr
causes
a
new
.
In
this
tyme
they
are
set
vppon
a
heape
of
asshes
and
they
giue
them
meate
,
tarrying
for
the
last
resolution
,
wherin
they
are
accustomed
to
deliuer
or
relieue
some
.
And
bicause
execution
shoulde
bee
made
in
such
as
doo
remaine
,
they
commaunde
too
shoote
of
other
three
peeces
of
ordinance
,
which
is
a
signe
that
they
shoulde
dispatch
them
:
foorth
with
there
are
●…oung
all
the
Belles
,
and
there
is
through
all
the
Citie
a
great
rumour
,
as
though
they
were
all
amased
,
bicause
it
is
a
thing
which
is
seldome
tymes
done
.
In
these
daies
they
shut
vppe
theyr
shoppes
,
and
no
body
doo
woorke
,
nor
they
sell
any
thing
vntil
●…unne
set
,
which
is
when
they
take
the
bodies
after
execution
done
vppon
them
out
of
the
fieldes
for
to
burie
them
.
And
from
that
tyme
they
doo
any
buzines
,
and
doo
open
their
shoppes
.
Also
these
Iudges
of
residence
doo
see
the
roull
of
the
theeues
which
still
remayne
in
prison
&
in
recompence
of
correction
they
commaunde
them
alwayes
too
bee
whipte
.
And
they
vse
in
this
cause
so
much
rigour
,
choler
,
and
haste
,
as
they
vse
charytie
and
clemencie
with
such
as
they
put
too
death
,
for
there
is
no
facte
so
much
abhorred
as
that
is
.
The
whippes
they
geue
them
are
most
cruel
&
they
giue
them
vpon
the
calfes
of
theyr
legges
,
theyr
shoulders
turned
downe
warde
and
theyr
handes
tyed
behinde
them
with
canes
as
broade
as
a
hande
,
and
of
thickenesse
of
one
finger
which
they
keepe
in
water
,
that
they
may
worke
the
greater
effecte
,
in
such
sorte
that
at
the
firste
stroke
the
blood
commeth
out
,
and
the
executioners
doo
whippe
them
togither
,
one
vppon
one
legge
and
thother
vppon
the
other
and
they
do
it
with
such
dexteritie
and
cunning
,
that
of
only
two
stripes
,
I
knowe
not
who
is
able
too
suffer
them
:
and
of
fiftie
or
sixtie
it
happeneth
that
there
dye
many
,
bycause
theyr
sinewes
are
all
loosed
and
vndoone
.
Some
Portingales
doo
affirme
that
had
beene
in
those
prisonnes
,
that
there
dyed
euery
yeere
more
then
twoo
thousande
men
of
these
whippings
,
&
some
fel
made
of
them
,
and
of
hunger
and
cold
with
they
suffered
.
The
sayde
Iudges
are
present
,
when
they
whip
them
:
and
all
the
tyme
that
it
endureth
,
they
are
occupyed
in
eating
and
drinking
and
in
pastymes
without
any
maner
of
griefe
therefore
,
and
by
reason
it
happeneth
that
somtimes
some
of
these
Lawyers
beeing
bryved
with
greate
giftes
or
friendshippe
are
accustomed
too
see
at
libertie
some
of
these
prisoners
,
and
put
others
in
theyr
places
,
for
there
neuer
lacketh
some
miserable
people
that
for
a
little
gaine
wil
put
the
watch
and
counterwatch
.
All
these
captaines
are
of
the
same
Prouinces
bycause
the
loue
of
their
Countrey
maye
cause
them
to
serue
truely
,
and
cause
them
to
labour
the
more
to
defende
them
.
And
bycause
there
may
be
more
quietnesse
,
it
is
not
permitted
that
any
man
shall
carie
any
weapon
,
to
offend
,
nor
too
defende
,
but
onely
such
as
are
men
of
warre
.
And
besides
these
,
there
are
in
the
frontier
townes
&
fortes
which
they
haue
,
in
the
confines
of
the
Laos
,
and
Bramenes
,
and
Tartarres
,
and
Massagetas
,
ordinarie
garisons
for
the
defence
of
them
,
and
of
the
number
which
haue
bene
spoken
of
,
was
within
the
compasse
of
200
▪
leages
,
but
this
is
done
with
aduantage
,
by
reason
that
in
all
partes
of
the
Countrie
is
great
habitation
,
&
hauing
captains
which
do
giue
them
assaultes
,
they
come
as
many
to
the
defence
as
is
needefull
,
vntill
the
king
come
with
his
great
power
,
which
he
hath
alwayes
in
a
readinesse
,
of
manie
footemen
and
horsemen
for
his
garde
and
maiestie
,
and
to
bridle
the
comming
in
of
his
enemies
.
And
for
this
cause
he
is
alwayes
resident
in
the
Citie
of
Paquin
,
bycause
it
is
a
place
that
standeth
most
commodiously
for
the
succour
of
all
his
townes
,
that
are
next
bordering
vpon
any
forraine
Prince
.
The
people
of
China
are
verie
prompt
of
wit
,
and
stoute
in
all
the
feates
that
doth
apperteine
to
the
warres
.
And
although
they
are
stoute
men
,
and
of
great
courage
for
to
abide
,
and
to
giue
battaile
to
the
enemie
,
yet
they
alwayes
vse
straunge
pollicies
,
and
all
kind
of
fire
workes
in
theyr
battailes
,
both
by
sea
and
land
,
in
such
sort
that
there
was
nothing
that
did
cause
the
Portingales
●…o
maruaile
so
much
when
they
went
thither
the
first
time
,
as
to
see
that
they
vsed
Artillarie
.
Whereof
they
came
to
vnderstande
that
they
had
artillarie
among
them
many
yeares
before
it
was
vsed
in
Europe
▪
And
it
appeareth
to
be
so
,
bicause
that
in
the
Realme
of
Pegu
,
whether
they
came
in
olde
time
,
and
where
in
their
conquestes
,
and
in
their
fortifications
,
amongst
other
things
they
left
their
Artillarie
,
&
where
there
is
founde
at
this
day
,
Belles
and
Gunnes
of
mettall
,
which
they
made
.
They
vse
also
of
all
kinde
of
armour
,
and
the
most
principall
Gentlemen
of
the
Countrie
do
carie
foure
swords
with
them
,
and
fight
with
two
of
them
togither
,
with
great
running
.
They
enter
into
the
warres
compassed
about
with
many
seruantes
and
familiar
friendes
,
which
are
footmen
,
well
armed
,
and
very
gallant
,
for
it
is
so
permitted
to
all
souldiers
,
and
men
of
warre
.
And
by
reason
this
king
is
so
mightie
and
rich
,
they
which
serue
are
paied
at
their
time
without
any
delay
,
&
with
great
liberalitie
.
And
all
such
as
shew
themselues
valiant
,
are
highly
esteemed
,
and
rewarded
with
great
gifts
.
The
Tartarres
and
other
enemies
which
they
take
prisoners
in
their
warres
,
they
vse
them
with
no
other
captiuitie
,
then
to
place
them
to
serue
for
men
of
warre
in
other
frontiers
of
theirs
,
which
do
border
ouer
against
other
Princes
,
and
they
are
payed
as
hee
doth
pay
the
rest
of
his
subiects
,
and
these
weare
certaine
red
hattes
,
and
the
rest
of
theyr
apparell
euen
after
the
fashion
of
the
sayd
people
of
China
▪
The
faced
hattes
all
people
do
weare
,
which
are
iudged
for
an●…e
offence
to
serue
in
any
towne
that
doth
border
ouer
against
any
other
Prince
,
as
those
which
go
to
Oran
,
or
Melilla
,
and
so
they
say
in
theyr
iudgements
that
they
banish
them
to
weare
red
hattes
.
This
Prince
is
serued
with
some
Souldiers
which
are
by
nature
of
the
high
mountains
of
Russia
,
which
are
a
free
people
,
and
liue
after
the
maner
of
warriours
,
like
to
the
Esquizaros
,
which
are
mightie
men
,
and
with
red
haire
,
&
great
beards
,
and
they
weare
cut
hose
like
to
the
Tudesos
,
and
broade
swords
,
&
they
are
called
Alimenes
,
whom
some
doe
thinke
that
they
are
Almaines
,
but
if
it
were
so
,
there
woulde
haue
beene
knowledge
of
this
great
Realme
long
before
.
Likewise
hee
is
serued
of
other
tall
men
of
twelue
or
thirteene
pawmes
of
height
,
and
they
doe
assist
them
in
the
defence
of
the
townes
that
stand
in
greatest
daunger
,
of
whom
we
can
not
vnderstande
of
what
region
they
are
,
and
they
make
so
great
account
of
their
owne
wisdome
,
after
the
maner
of
the
Greekes
,
that
they
say
that
they
are
those
which
haue
two
eyes
,
and
the
people
of
Europe
but
one
▪
and
that
all
the
rest
of
other
Nations
are
starke
blinde
.
The
xv
.
Chapter
sheweth
of
the
religion
,
lawes
,
and
ceremonies
which
they
haue
and
vse
.
IT
is
greatly
to
consider
,
that
the
Chinaes
being
so
wise
in
their
gouernement
of
theyr
common
weales
,
&
of
so
subtile
a
wit
for
all
artes
,
that
they
are
so
false
of
vnderstanding
,
and
so
barbarous
and
blinde
in
the
worshipping
of
their
false
&
vaine
idolatrie
.
For
they
haue
no
manner
of
knowledge
of
the
true
God
,
more
than
they
imagine
that
al
things
which
are
created
,
doth
depende
from
aboue
,
from
whence
doe
come
the
conseruation
and
gouernment
of
them
all
,
without
knowing
particularly
who
is
the
author
,
attributing
it
to
the
heauen
it selfe
,
which
they
holde
for
the
greatest
of
their
Gods
,
and
so
they
signifie
it
with
the
first
figure
of
their
ABC
.
They
worship
the
Moone
,
the
Sunne
,
and
Starres
,
and
all
other
Images
which
they
make
without
respect
,
and
some
figures
or
shapes
of
Lawyers
,
and
of
the
priestes
of
their
Idolles
which
they
were
most
affectioned
to
,
in
some
principal
seruice
they
had
done
.
And
likewise
they
worship
any
maner
of
stones
that
they
sette
vpon
theyr
Aultars
,
where
they
doe
make
their
Sacrifices
,
and
also
the
Diuell
which
they
paint
after
the
same
shape
and
manner
as
we
doe
among
vs
.
The
common
sort
of
people
doe
say
that
they
worship
him
,
for
bycause
the
good
people
,
hee
maketh
Diuels
,
and
the
euill
people
he
conuerteth
into
Kine
,
and
other
kind
of
beastes
.
The
men
of
most
knowledge
and
that
be
most
pollitique
,
they
say
they
worship
him
&
regarde
him
,
bycause
he
should
do
them
no
hurt
.
They
haue
in
al
cities
and
places
of
habitation
,
and
also
in
the
fieldes
,
a
great
number
of
sumptuous
Temples
,
and
of
goodly
buildings
,
which
are
of
great
Maiestie
.
There
are
two
sortes
of
Priestes
,
and
they
are
contrarie
the
one
to
the
other
in
maners
:
the
one
sort
goeth
all
shauen
,
and
appareled
in
white
,
and
with
certaine
high
cappes
made
of
felt
somewhat
piked
before
.
These
sort
liue
in
common
togither
,
and
haue
their
chambers
and
lodgings
after
the
maner
of
our
Friers
.
The
others
doe
weare
their
haire
long
,
and
deuided
in
the
highest
parte
of
their
head
with
a
strike
verie
curiously
varnished
with
blacke
,
after
the
fashion
of
a
hand
closed
togither
.
They
apparell
themselues
with
silke
or
blacke
Serge
as
all
the
rest
of
them
do
vse
:
they
dwell
euery
one
of
them
by
themselues
:
they
assist
in
the
seruice
of
the
Temples
,
and
in
the
festiuall
dayes
and
burying
.
The
one
and
the
other
are
not
maried
,
but
they
are
euill
liuers
,
and
therefore
they
are
not
esteemed
among
the
people
,
and
they
are
punished
with
stripes
amongst
the
Iudges
for
a
small
occasion
.
These
people
do
offer
in
the
Mornings
and
Euenings
in
their
Temples
,
Incense
,
Beniamin
,
the
wood
of
the
Eagle
,
and
other
things
of
different
and
sweet
smels
.
And
the
place
of
praier
which
they
vse
in
their
house
,
is
generally
at
the
entrie
in
of
their
gates
,
where
their
Idolles
stande
.
When
they
lanche
their
shippes
into
the
Sea
at
the
first
making
,
the
Priestes
goe
aparelled
with
long
garments
,
being
verie
rich
of
silke
to
make
their
Sacrifices
in
the
poopes
of
them
,
where
the
place
of
praier
is
,
and
they
offer
painted
figures
,
and
they
cut
and
burne
them
before
their
Idolles
with
certaine
ceremonies
that
they
make
,
&
sing
songes
with
an
vnorderly
tune
,
sounding
certaine
little
belles
.
And
they
worship
the
Diuel
,
where
they
haue
him
painted
in
the
fore
part
of
the
Shippe
,
bicause
as
they
say
,
he
should
doe
no
hurt
to
the
Shippes
.
In
all
this
discourse
they
are
eating
and
drinking
at
discretion
.
When
they
pretende
to
go
vpon
any
iourney
eyther
by
Sea
or
lande
,
or
begin
anie
buzinesse
that
seeme
difficult
or
hard
,
they
vse
lottes
,
and
cast
them
before
their
Idolles
.
These
are
made
of
two
stickes
,
after
the
fashion
of
two
halfe
nuts
,
rounde
at
the
one
side
,
and
the
other
side
plaine
.
And
before
they
be
cast
,
they
returne
to
theyr
Idols
with
fayre
wordes
,
beseeching
them
to
giue
good
chaunce
,
and
fortune
:
for
by
them
they
thinke
doeth
come
good
successe
,
or
euill
to
them
.
And
if
it
happe
as
they
desire
,
then
they
will
make
too
them
great
offeringes
:
and
with
this
they
are
cast
,
and
if
they
fall
with
the
plaine
side
vpwarde
,
or
the
one
side
rounde
,
and
the
other
plaine
,
they
haue
it
for
an
euill
signe
:
and
they
returne
against
the
Idolles
,
and
they
speake
to
them
shamefull
and
dishonest
wordes
,
calling
them
dishonest
dogges
.
And
when
they
be
weary
of
calling
them
so
any
longer
,
then
they
turne
againe
with
faire
and
sweete
wordes
,
and
aske
them
pardon
of
that
which
they
haue
sayde
,
and
desire
them
too
giue
them
good
fortune
,
promising
them
more
then
before
they
had
offered
them
:
wherevpon
they
turne
to
cast
anewe
,
and
by
this
order
they
proceede
praysing
them
,
and
setting
naught
by
them
.
And
when
they
tarrie
long
,
and
if
it
bee
a
matter
of
importaunce
,
they
runne
to
them
,
and
take
them
,
and
cast
them
into
the
Sea
,
and
sometimes
into
the
fire
,
suffering
them
to
burne
a
little
,
and
they
whippe
them
,
and
spurne
at
them
with
their
feete
,
vntill
it
happe
to
them
as
they
desire
,
that
is
,
the
rounde
partes
of
these
stickes
to
fall
vpward
.
And
then
they
worship
and
prayse
them
with
much
Musicke
and
songs
,
and
cary
to
them
offerings
,
of
Hennes
,
Duckes
,
and
Rice
,
all
drest
,
and
a
Pigges
heade
sodden
,
which
they
much
esteeme
,
and
a
great
iarre
of
Wine
,
and
of
all
this
they
set
some
part
of
it
vpon
the
Altar
in
a
Platter
wherein
is
the
toppes
or
poyntes
of
the
Pigges
eares
and
snout
,
and
the
nayles
of
Duckes
and
Hennes
,
and
a
fewe
granes
of
the
Rice
,
and
some
droppes
of
wine
,
and
all
the
rest
they
themselues
eate
before
the
Idols
,
with
much
mirth
and
ioy
.
When
there
dieth
any
maried
man
that
hath
a
wife
and
children
and
familie
,
immediately
after
he
is
dead
they
apparell
him
with
the
best
apparell
he
had
,
and
they
set
him
on
a
Chaire
,
and
there
commeth
to
him
his
wife
,
and
doth
put
herselfe
vpon
her
knees
before
him
,
to
take
her
leaue
of
him
with
many
teares
,
and
pitiful
words
she
speaketh
,
and
consequently
his
children
and
kinsfolkes
after
the
like
order
,
and
and
all
the
rest
of
his
householde
following
.
And
this
ceremonie
beeing
done
,
they
put
him
in
to
a
coffin
made
of
the
wood
of
Canfora
,
which
is
conseruatiue
and
of
sweete
smel
,
well
made
fast
in
all
poynts
,
bycause
hee
shoulde
not
smell
.
After
this
they
put
him
into
a
Chamber
,
which
is
hanged
with
white
hangings
of
linnen
cloth
vpon
two
bankes
,
and
do
couer
him
with
a
cloth
euen
to
the
ground
,
where
in
is
shaped
and
formed
the
dead
man
,
very
naturally
made
.
And
in
another
place
of
the
house
without
,
or
in
the
gate
house
comming
in
,
they
doo
put
for
ceremonie
a
Table
with
candles
lighted
therevpon
,
all
full
of
bread
,
and
of
sundrie
sortes
of
fruites
.
And
in
this
sort
they
keepe
him
xv
.
dayes
,
in
the
which
time
there
do
come
at
the
night
season
Priestes
continually
to
offer
vp
their
sacrifices
,
and
to
pray
theyr
owne
inuentions
after
the
maner
of
Gentiles
.
They
bring
many
Papers
painted
,
and
with
certaine
ceremonies
they
make
,
they
burne
some
of
them
there
,
and
the
rest
they
hang
vp
in
cordes
athwart
for
this
cause
,
and
they
cast
them
togither
,
making
noyse
that
they
sende
the
deade
men
to
heauen
.
All
their
superstitions
done
,
they
take
the
coffi●…
,
and
carie
him
to
the
field
,
where
the
rest
of
the
dead
bodies
are
,
wherein
time
they
are
consumed
.
In
all
these
dayes
there
are
in
the
house
the
Tabels
set
with
manie
kinde
of
meates
,
that
the
priestes
may
eate
and
drinke
,
and
their
friendes
and
acquaintaunce
that
do
visite
them
.
The
mourning
apparell
which
they
vse
,
is
most
sharpe
,
bycause
they
bring
their
clothes
made
of
most
course
wooll
,
nearest
to
the
fleshe
,
girte
with
hard
coards
,
and
on
theyr
heades
certaine
nightcappes
of
the
sayde
cloth
,
with
edges
like
to
hattes
,
which
falleth
downe
vppon
their
eares
.
They
●…eare
this
for
father
or
mother
two
or
three
yeares
.
And
if
they
haue
any
Sonne
that
is
a
Lawyer
,
he
doth
let
the
exer●…se
of
his
office
which
hee
hath
,
and
d●…h
retire
himselfe
all
this
time
vntill
he
hath
done
,
and
then
he
returneth
a
fresh
to
the
court
,
to
do
as
he
did
before
.
But
those
that
are
not
so
nere
in
kindred
,
do
apparell
them selues
with
rawe
linnen
cloth
,
not
verie
course
.
They
doe
easily
beleeue
lyes
and
feigned
fables
or
tales
,
that
men
be
conuerted
into
beasts
,
and
beasts
into
men
,
and
other
ignorant
toyes
like
too
these
.
It
is
not
knowne
certainly
that
any
haue
preached
to
them
the
Gospel
vntill
the
Portingales
came
thither
,
more
than
in
the
coast
of
Molea
,
which
is
the
India
,
of
the
side
of
the
sea
of
Bengala
,
which
they
cal
now
S.
Thomas
.
Thither
came
an
Armenian
on
pilgrimage
,
&
did
affirme
to
the
Portingals
,
that
at
that
time
were
there
resident
,
that
in
the
publike
wrytings
,
which
the
Armenians
had
,
there
was
relation
and
memorie
that
before
this
glorious
Apostle
did
suffer
martyrdome
,
hee
past
to
the
China
,
and
there
did
preache
the
Gospell
.
And
bycause
hee
wrought
little
fruite
in
them
,
hee
returned
to
Molea
,
leauing
some
Disciples
that
hee
had
conuerted
in
that
Countrey
.
Of
the
which
there
is
no
knowledge
founde
amongest
them
,
more
then
this
religious
man
hath
declared
,
and
sayde
:
that
hee
had
beene
in
Canton
,
and
from
thence
past
to
a
small
Ilande
that
standeth
in
the
middest
of
the
Riuer
before
the
Citie
,
where
there
is
a
Monasterie
of
those
Priestes
gathered
togither
,
and
therein
he
sawe
a
Chappell
,
built
high
from
the
grounde
,
verie
well
made
with
certaine
windowes
gilded
,
wherein
was
the
Image
of
a
woman
marueylously
well
made
,
with
a
Childe
at
her
necke
,
and
had
before
it
the
signe
of
a
Lampe
burning
,
and
suspecting
if
it
might
bee
anie
rase
of
Christianitie
,
he
did
aske
of
those
Priestes
,
and
of
other
people
that
were
there
,
what
that
Image
did
signifie
:
and
no
bodie
coulde
tell
him
,
nor
giue
him
any
reason
thereof
,
and
so
it
coulde
not
bee
determined
,
if
by
chance
it
were
the
Image
of
our
Ladie
that
the
Disciples
of
Saint
Thomas
did
set
there
▪
There
is
not
in
all
this
Realme
anie
Iewes
,
nor
rase
of
them
.
And
it
may
be
well
vnderstood
,
seeing
that
the
most
meate
they
eate
is
Porke
fleshe
.
Neither
yet
is
there
anie
Moores
,
although
there
are
some
that
haue
discended
of
them
that
are
arriued
thither
from
the
Realme
of
Samarean
,
by
trade
of
Merchandice
,
and
of
such
as
were
conuerted
of
the
Countrey
,
but
the
most
part
of
them
dyed
by
iustice
.
These
which
are
now
,
are
discended
of
such
as
were
vanished
for
great
no
offence
into
diuerse
Prouinces
,
&
therefore
there
are
some
in
Canton
,
and
others
in
Cansi
,
but
as
nowe
they
are
few
,
and
the
children
&
childrens
children
of
those
which
were
vanished
,
and
borne
of
women
of
the
Countrey
of
China
,
all
of
them
do
eate
●…orke
,
and
drinke
wine
,
and
there
is
no
man
of
remembrance
of
the
sect
of
Mahoma
.
The
xvi
.
Chapter
sheweth
of
the
order
that
may
be
had
,
wherby
these
people
may
turne
to
be
Christians
,
and
of
the
nauigation
that
is
made
from
the
newe
Spaine
,
vntoo
the
Ilande
of
the
West
partes
,
called
the
Philippinas
.
OF
some
religious
men
called
Iesuites
,
it
hath
beene
vnderstoode
that
they
beganne
too
preache
the
Gospell
too
these
people
,
but
by
reason
that
it
is
not
permitted
vntoo
straungers
too
stay
manie
dayes
in
this
Countrey
,
they
were
compelled
too
returne
foorthwith
without
yelding
that
fruite
whiche
they
desired
,
notwithstanding
they
found
them
very
apt
to
be
caught
,
and
willing
to
learne
,
and
easie
to
be
reformed
of
theyr
false
Idolatrie
,
and
with
al
humilitie
they
receiue
it
,
and
acknowledged
the
corrections
of
theyr
filthines
.
He
that
first
began
this
Catholike
woorke
,
was
Maister
Frauncis
Xauierre
,
one
of
the
seuen
Religious
men
of
the
firste
confirmation
of
the
saide
companie
,
and
was
the
first
that
came
intoo
Portingal
,
and
that
past
intoo
India
,
and
from
thence
to
China
.
But
before
he
began
to
execute
his
Catholyke
desire
,
he
died
in
Canton
,
and
was
brought
from
thence
too
Goa
,
where
his
body
lyeth
buried
in
the
Colledge
of
Saincte
Paule
,
of
the
same
Religion
.
The
Religious
Dominike
declareth
that
throwing
downe
certaine
stones
vpon
the
ground
which
they
did
woorshippe
,
they
came
vnto
him
with
such
rage
as
if
they
woulde
haue
killed
him
,
but
he
pacified
them
foorthwith
in
geuing
them
to
vnderstand
theyr
little
constancie
&
their
vaine
Idolatrie
,
and
as
they
are
of
excellent
witt
,
they
forthwith
fell
in
to
the
matter
,
and
thought
well
of
his
iudgement
saying
,
that
no
man
had
euer
taught
them
the
like
,
vntill
that
time
.
And
with
the
selfe
same
excuse
they
excused
them selues
withall
,
when
he
did
reprehende
them
of
the
filthie
sinne
not
too
bee
named
,
vntoo
the
which
they
are
much
giuen
,
thinking
that
they
do
not
euil
therein
.
But
the
greatest
difficultie
that
these
religious
men
founde
,
was
,
that
the
gouerners
and
ordinary
Iudges
do
attende
with
great
care
that
no
newe
thing
be
taught
amongst
them
without
order
&
licence
of
theyr
king
,
and
as
they
are
rigorous
and
readie
to
chasten
,
no
man
darre
to
bee
a
Christian
without
licence
,
although
that
they
vnderstand
it
to
be
conuenient
for
theyr
saluation
:
&
therefore
it
doth
import
with
expedition
that
these
inconueniences
be
taken
away
,
and
that
there
be
sent
an
Embassador
too
this
greate
Prince
.
And
in
that
Embassadge
might
go
learned
men
,
and
Religious
,
that
should
giue
them
to
vnderstande
the
darkenes
wherein
they
liue
,
and
too
perswade
them
to
bee
Christians
,
and
that
he
shoulde
permit
them
too
preach
the
Gospel
throughout
al
his
Realme
,
and
howe
that
it
is
not
hurteful
too
take
from
him
his
Lordshippe
and
gouernement
but
rather
fauorable
,
wherby
his
subiects
may
obey
him
the
better
.
This
wil
be
easily
obteined
of
him
,
&
otherwaies
for
to
attempte
it
by
way
of
conquest
,
it
will
be
so
harde
a
matter
as
it
may
bee
vnderstoode
by
his
power
and
greatnes
,
and
by
that
which
is
conteined
in
a
Chapter
of
the
relation
that
the
Captaine
Artieda
gaue
to
his
Maiestie
who
was
present
at
the
conquest
of
the
West
Ilandes
with
are
called
Philippinas
,
treating
of
this
realme
which
worde
for
worde
speaketh
as
foloweth
.
There
are
also
to
the
Northwarde
of
these
Ilands
the
firme
land
which
they
cal
China
.
It
is
a
great
Countrie
,
insomuch
that
it
is
certainely
knowen
that
it
bordereth
with
Tartaria
,
for
the
people
that
trade
thither
,
say
that
they
haue
ware
with
them
.
They
are
a
people
very
politike
,
they
worke
Iron
with
percers
of
steele
.
I
haue
seene
golde
and
siluer
wrought
so
well
with
Iron
as
coulde
bee
in
the
worlde
,
and
in
this
sorte
they
woorke
thinges
of
timber
and
all
other
thinges
.
They
saye
that
the
Portingales
,
are
good
people
,
and
that
they
haue
a
littel
light
of
the
world
,
but
in
comparison
too
them
they
see
but
with
one
eye
.
They
spin
golde
as
they
doo
in
Milan
,
and
weaue
Damaske
and
other
silkes
with
it
.
They
haue
all
kind
of
armour
as
wee
haue
,
and
artillery
Iudging
it
by
certaine
vesselles
that
I
haue
seene
come
from
thence
,
that
it
is
plaine
and
better
cast
than
our
is
.
They
haue
so
good
gouernment
,
that
they
say
they
make
neither
Gouernor
nor
Captaine
which
is
not
a
greate
Astronomer
.
And
first
they
shal
pronosticate
the
tyme
and
chaunce
that
is
too
come
,
and
it
shall
be
prooued
and
seene
to
fall
out
true
,
that
hee
may
preuent
any
thing
that
is
to
come
.
In
euery
Citie
and
Prouince
,
there
are
garrisons
of
men
of
warre
,
they
goe
wel
apparelled
:
they
are
as
whyte
as
we
are
,
and
weare
there
beards
long
.
The
women
are
very
faire
,
although
that
all
of
them
haue
little
eyes
,
they
weare
their
coates
and
gownes
so
long
that
they
touche
the
grounde
,
and
they
make
their
heare
red
with
collours
,
and
it
is
saide
that
they
painte
theyr
faces
.
They
say
this
king
is
of
so
great
powre
,
that
hee
doeth
bring
into
the
fielde
three
hundreth
thousande
men
,
and
twoo
hundreth
thousande
of
them
horsemen
.
In
thinges
that
are
painted
▪
I
haue
seene
brought
from
thence
wherein
are
painted
on
horsebacke
armed
men
with
harnesse
and
salets
and
lances
.
The
countrie
is
so
good
and
so
well
furnished
with
vittaile
,
that
it
is
thought
to
be
the
best
&
most
fertile
soyle
of
the
world
:
The
Moores
that
I
haue
spoken
withall
doo
affirme
that
they
bee
not
so
warrelike
as
wee
are
.
They
haue
Mouldes
and
haue
printed
bookes
tyme
out
of
mynde
.
If
it
please
your
Maiestie
,
that
this
Country
bee
seene
with
the
sight
of
the
eyes
:
I
doo
offer
my self
therevnto
,
geuing
mee
twoo
Shippes
of
two
hundreth
and
fiftie
tonnes
a
peece
,
little
more
or
lesse
,
and
40.
Souldiers
in
euery
shippe
and
the
Artillarie
,
Munition
,
and
Uittaile
,
sufficient
and
necessarie
,
with
Gods
healpe
carying
some
order
of
Embassadge
to
the
Lorde
of
the
Countrie
to
enter
in
with
my
person
,
and
too
returne
all
along
the
coast
by
the
newe
Spayne
.
And
too
see
the
order
they
haue
as
well
for
the
trade
with
in
the
lande
as
for
all
the
reste
if
that
will
please
your
Maiestie
.
And
in
that
which
this
Captaine
saith
that
the
king
doth
bring
three
hundreth
thousande
men
intoo
the
fielde
,
besides
the
garrisons
that
he
hath
ordinarily
in
the
Cities
,
&
townes
that
doo
border
neerest
other
Princes
in
this
my
opinion
remaineth
verefied
.
And
although
they
be
not
so
warrelyke
as
wee
are
,
as
the
Moores
haue
declared
,
I
knowe
not
what
powre
were
sufficient
for
so
great
a
number
of
horsmen
,
and
against
people
so
wel
armed
,
the
Artillarie
being
so
common
to
them
as
it
is
to
vs
.
And
seeing
there
is
required
that
there
shoulde
passe
thither
,
so
greate
a
nauigation
,
and
seeing
this
great
Countrie
doth
fal
within
the
compas
of
the
conquest
of
our
Catholike
king
,
it
wil
be
a
thing
of
importaunce
that
his
Maiestie
doo
commaunde
too
ordeine
this
Embassadge
with
the
good
will
of
his
holynes
,
whereby
this
Prince
may
reduce
it
to
the
gouernment
of
the
holy
Catholike
Churche
,
whereof
may
growe
greate
effectes
in
the
increasing
of
the
Christian
Religion
.
And
this
is
very
easie
to
be
done
,
seeing
that
our
Spayniardes
are
become
so
neere
neighbors
to
that
realme
and
the
Nauigation
soo
neere
and
certaine
as
here
in
it
is
declared
.
There
is
in
the
new
Spayne
in
the
South
part
thereof
twoo
portes
or
hauens
:
the
one
is
called
Acapulco
,
which
standeth
in
xvii
.
degrees
,
&
a
half
of
heigth
which
wil
holde
many
shippes
although
they
bee
greate
,
and
thother
is
called
the
Puerto
de
Na●…edad
,
which
hath
the
entry
in
of
it
very
lowe
,
and
standeth
in
nynetiene
degrees
and
a
terce
large
.
From
these
portes
do
goe
foorth
the
shippes
that
doo
sayle
too
the
Philippinas
,
and
they
goe
too
put
themselues
in
the
heighth
that
the
course
of
the
Iland
is
in
,
for
the
tyme
when
they
goo
foorth
vpon
this
Nauigation
which
is
in
the
ende
of
October
the
windes
are
alwaies
Northerly
in
that
coast
vntil
the
end
of
April
:
Wherewithal
they
goe
with
the
winde
in
theyr
poope
running
west
,
and
from
the
ende
of
April
vntil
the
ende
of
October
they
turne
too
blowe
at
West
Southwest
,
which
serueth
them
too
returne
,
rising
vpp
intoo
a
higher
degree
that
they
lack
no
height
.
They
met
at
their
going
with
the
Ilands
called
Barbudos
,
for
they
were
so
named
,
for
bicause
such
as
do
inhabite
there
,
do
let
their
beards
grow
long
.
These
people
are
apparelled
with
mattes
made
of
the
bowes
of
date
trees
very
fine
,
and
they
haue
no
weapons
nor
warre
with
any
Countries
,
and
theyr
vittaile
are
Cocos
,
and
rottes
and
fishe
,
&
they
haue
hennes
lyke
to
those
of
Spaine
,
more
towards
the
west
.
They
turne
&
meete
with
the
Ilands
which
they
cal
of
the
theeues
which
be
xiii
.
and
they
lye
in
length
North
and
South
,
the
greatest
may
bee
little
greater
then
fourtie
leages
.
They
are
al
wel
neere
after
one
fashion
and
trade
.
The
weapons
they
haue
he
s●…ings
,
&
roddes
dryed
with
the
fire
which
doo
serue
them
in
place
of
lances
.
They
shootte
so
farre
with
the
s●…ings
that
no
hargubuse
can
shoott
fo
far
.
They
liue
with
Ryce
and
fish
,
Cocos
&
rootes
,
there
are
in
them
great
quantity
of
Ginger
,
&
so
beyonde
that
more
towardes
the
West
,
they
fal
with
the
Ilandes
of
the
Philippinas
which
are
many
.
The
Iland
of
Mindanas
which
is
the
firste
of
the
South
side
:
it
beginneth
in
fiue
degrees
in
the
height
of
the
North
:
and
it
lyeth
out
shewing
it selfe
in
length
as
the
rest
do
,
which
stande
as
a
company
of
trees
in
the
Northnorthwest
course
,
vntil
you
come
into
xiii
.
degrees
and
a
terce
,
where
you
meete
with
the
Iland
of
Luzon
.
This
Iland
is
in
length
out
vnto
the
nynetiene
degree
in
the
same
course
,
there
is
in
it
three
places
inhabited
with
Moores
,
they
know
not
perfectly
of
what
secte
they
are
of
,
but
they
giue
reuerence
to
Mahoma
:
they
eate
no
porke
.
They
haue
many
riuers
wherein
they
gather
golde
:
&
it
is
distant
from
this
firme
land
of
China
lesse
then
one
hundreth
leages
,
and
from
the
Cytie
of
Canton
which
falleth
too
the
North
part
of
it
:
one
hundreth
&
thirtie
,
&
little
more
.
Our
Spaniards
are
in
possession
of
the
said
Iland
,
and
by
reason
the
trade
is
greate
from
it
too
the
firme
land
and
for
the
curious
things
that
are
come
from
thence
to
the
new
Spayne
,
and
from
thence
too
his
maiestie
now
they
cal
him
China
.
Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
Notes for div ibeg-e10410
Notes for div ibeg-e11930
Notes for div ibeg-e15810
Notes for div ibeg-e16300
Notes for div ibeg-e16680
Notes for div ibeg-e17280
Notes for div ibeg-e17690
Notes for div ibeg-e17980
AL
that
is
written
of
the
great
lordship
of
China
in
this
woorke
,
I
haue
gathered
my selfe
with
great
diligence
and
care
of
men
worthie
of
faith
;
Portingals
,
that
haue
bene
there
with
merchaundise
,
&
of
other
buzines
;
as
also
of
the
saide
people
of
China
,
which
haue
come
too
Spayne
:
of
whome
I
tooke
that
which
I
thought
to
be
certaine
,
&
most
meete
for
this
shorte
discourse
▪
The
〈◊〉
of
the
Chapters
〈◊〉
are
conteyned
in
this
Booke
.
THe
first
Chapter
sheweth
of
the
beginning
that
the
kingdome
of
Portingale
had
,
and
of
the
successe
it
had
vntil
that
the
king
Don
Iohn
the
first
conquered
Ceuta
in
Barbarie
.
The
second
Chapter
sheweth
of
the
diligence
that
the
Infant
Don
Henry
did
make
to
come
to
the
knowledge
of
the
Moores
of
Ceuta
,
and
of
the
Prouince
of
the
Negros
of
Iolofe
,
and
of
the
armed
shippes
which
he
sent
in
the
discouerie
of
the
coast
of
Ginnea
,
euen
to
his
death
.
The
third
chap.
sheweth
of
the
discouerie
of
the
coast
of
Ginnea
,
in
the
time
of
king
Don
Alonso
euen
vnto
his
death
:
and
of
the
persons
which
king
Don
Iohn
his
sonne
sent
by
the
Mediterrane
Sea
,
that
they
might
bring
him
relation
of
the
state
and
trade
of
India
,
and
of
the
Embassage
hee
sent
to
the
king
of
Aethiopia
.
The
fourth
Chapter
sheweth
howe
the
king
Don
Emanuel
sent
by
the
nauigation
of
the
cape
of
Buena
Esperanca
Don
Vasco
de
Gama
with
an
Embassage
to
the
king
of
Calicute
,
and
of
the
successe
he
had
vntill
hee
returned
too
Portingale
.
The
fifth
Chapter
sheweth
how
the
king
Don
Emanuel
sent
an
other
great
army
vnto
the
India
,
with
Pedraluarez
Cabral
,
and
how
he
discouered
in
this
voyage
the
coast
of
Brasil
,
as
also
of
the
rest
of
the
shippes
,
that
continually
went
vntil
they
gat
Malaca
,
and
so
had
knowledge
of
the
coast
of
China
.
The
sixth
Chapter
sheweth
of
the
description
of
the
Countrey
of
China
,
and
of
the
Prouinces
and
notable
Realmes
that
are
conteyned
in
it
.
The
seuenth
Chapter
sheweth
of
the
temperature
of
the
land
,
and
the
notable
things
that
it
bringeth
forth
.
The
viij
.
Chapter
sheweth
of
the
greatnes
of
the
cities
,
and
temples
,
&
buildings
,
that
are
in
all
the
Countrey
of
China
.
The
nienth
Chapter
sheweth
of
their
faces
,
apparel
,
and
conditions
of
this
people
.
The
tenth
Chapter
sheweth
of
the
nauigation
the
Chinas
do
make
in
the
Sea
,
and
in
the
Riuers
.
The
eleuenth
Chapter
sheweth
of
the
letters
,
&
figures
of
the
Chinas
,
and
of
their
studies
ingenerall
.
The
xij
.
Chapter
sheweth
how
that
of
this
great
realme
of
China
is
King
and
lorde
one
onely
Prince
,
and
of
his
counsaile
and
Maiestie
,
and
of
his
house
and
Court.
The
xiij
.
Chapter
sheweth
of
the
Presidents
and
Ministers
that
are
in
euerie
Prouince
,
and
the
order
which
they
haue
in
the
gouernment
of
them
,
The
xiiij
.
Chapter
sheweth
of
the
gouernment
and
preuention
that
the
king
hath
and
doth
for
the
successe
of
his
warres
.
The
xv
.
Chapter
sheweth
of
the
Religion
and
Rites
they
haue
,
and
the
Ceremonies
they
vse
.
The
xvj
.
Chapter
sheweth
of
the
order
that
may
be
had
,
whereby
these
people
might
become
Christians
,
and
of
the
nauigation
which
is
made
from
the
newe
Spaine
,
vnto
the
Ilandes
of
the
west
partes
called
Philippinas
.
Imprinted
at
London
by
Thomas
Dawson
,
dwelling
at
the
three
Cranes
in
the
Vine-tree
.
1579.