The Arcadian rhetorike: or The præcepts of rhetorike made plaine by examples Greeke, Latin, English, Italian, French, Spanish, out of Homers Ilias, and Odissea, Virgils Aeglogs, [...] and Aeneis, Sir Philip Sydnieis Arcadia, songs and sonets [...] By A. Fraunce.

The first Chapter of the first Booke . UUhat Rhetorike is .

RHetorike is an Art of speaking . It hath two parts , Eloqution and Pronuntiation . Eloqution is the first part of Rhetorike , concerning the ordering & trīming of speach . It hath also 2. parts , Congruitie and Brauerie . Congruitie is that which causeth the speach to be pure and cohaerent : & it is performed either by Etimologie , which concerneth the affections of seuerall words : or Syntaxis , which dooth orderly conioyne them together . Heere should all Grammaticall rules ( as they call them ) be placed : I omit them for this time , as being scarce resolued in this conceipt . Brauerie of speach consisteth in Tropes , or turnings ; and in Figures or fashionings . A Trope or turning is when a word is turned from his naturall signification , to some other , so conuenientlie , as that it seeme rather willinglie ledd , than driuen by force to that other signification . This was first inuented of necessitie for want of words , but afterwards continued and frequented by reason of the delight and pleasant grace thereof . Sometimes these Tropes bee excessiue , signifying in word , more than can bee true in deed , and then are they tearmed Hyperboles . The excellencie of tropes is then most apparant , when either manie be fitlie included in one word , or one so continued in manie , as that with what thing it begin , with the same it also end : and then it is called an Allegorie or Inuersion . And so much of the general proprieties of tropes : now to the diuers kindes thereof .

Cap. 2. Of the Metonymia of the cause .

THere be two kindes of tropes . The first conteineth Metonymia , the change of name : and Ironia , a scoffing or iesting speach the second comprehendeth a Metaphore and Synecdoche . Metonymia is a trope which vseth the name of one thing for the name of another that agreeth with it , as when the cause is turned to signifie the thing caused , the thing caused to signifie the cause , the subiect to expres the adiunct , or the adiunct the subiect . The Metonymia of the cause is double , of the efficient , or materiall cause : of the efficient , as when the Autor & inuentor is put for the things by him inuented & found .

Homer . 2. Iliad . — 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . Virgil. 1. Aeneid . Tum Cererem corruptam vndis , Cerealiáque arma Expediunt — and 1. Georg. Aut dulcis musti Vulcano decoquit humorem . Sir Philip Sydney in the 2. Act of Arcadia , speaking of the furious multitude .

Bacchus they say was begotten of thunder , I thinke that euer since made him so full of stirre and debate ; Bacchus indeed it was , which sounded the first trumpet of this rude alarum .

2. Act. Therefore , Alas , you vse vile Vulcans spite Which nothing spares , to melt that virgins wax , Which while it is , it is all A siaes light . 3. Act. More white than Neptunes fomie face When strugling rocks he would embrace . 4. Act. Philanax speaking of Pyrocles , and Philoclea .

The violence the Gentleman spake of , is now turned to mariage : he alleadged Mars , but she speakes of Venus .

Torquat . Tasso in his Godfrey of Boloigne : the first song speaking of Clorinda . A i lauori d' Aracne , à l' ago , à i fusi Inclinar non degnò la man superba . Salust in his Semaine , the first day .

La terre de tout temps n'est ceinte de Neptune .

The 5 day .

Contre l'ire du ciel , et la fureur de Mars .

Boscan . 3. booke .

Consus ondas Neptuno , &c.

And here it is vsuall , nay necessarie , for want of words , to put the Autors name for the booke by him made . So it is in a certaine Epistle written to Boscan , lib. 3. Vendrias tu : y Hieronymo , Augustin , Partes del alma mia à descansar , De vuestros pensamientos .

The Metonymia of the materiall cause is , when the matter is put for the thing thereof made .

Hom. T. Il. 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . Virg. Aen. 1. Spumas salis are ruebant . Georg. 2. Vt gemmà bibat , & sarrhano dormiat ostro . Aegl . 1. Syluestrem tenui musam meditaris auena .

And

Ludere quae vellem calamo permisit agresti .

And

Stridenti miserum stipula disperdere carmen .

And

Hanc nos , hac fragilis donauimus antè cicuta .

And

Agrestem tenui meditabor arundine musam . Sir Philip Sydney Act 4.

Who euermore will loue Apolloes quill ?

Torquat . Tass. 1. Song . Geme il vicino mar sotto l'incarco De l'alte naui , e de' piu lieui pini . 2. Song Alete saith . Cosi potente armata in vn racorre , Ch' à questi legni tuoi si possa opporre ? Salust in his historie of Iudith . 1. Booke . Dans le champ de Ragan se campent vn matin Les ots des plus grands rois qu'oncques Mars le mutin , Arma d'ire et de fer . Garcilasso 1. Aeglog . Espera que en tornando , A ser restituido , Al ocio ya perdido , Luego veras exercitar mi pluma , Por la innumerable suma , De tus virtudes y famosas obras , &c. And there . El arbor de victoria , Quae cine estrechamente Tugloriosa srente . &c.

Cap. 3. Of the Metonymia of the thing caused .

THe Metonymia of the thing caused is when we attribute that to the efficient which is made by the efficient . And hereof come most of Poets and Orators Epithetes .

Homer . A. Iliad . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . Et 16. Odyss. — 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . Vir. 6. Aen. Pallentèsque habitant morbi , tristisque senectus . 2. Georg. Auxilium venit , ac membris agit atra venena . Et 3. — artus depascitur arida febris . 4. Aen. Et cum frigida mors anima seduxerit artus . Sir P. Syd 2. Act. Nay euen cold death inflamd with hot desire Her to enioy where ioy it selfe is thrall , Will spoyle the earth of her most rich attire . Torquato Tasso . 1. Song . Dunque in te sola , ●…piglio colui , Cadera l'ira mia vendicatrice . Et 2. Ilfuror pazzo , e la discordia fera . Salust 6. booke of Iudith .

Et qu' ore le deuoir la peur tremblante donte .

Boscan . 1. Siento pena tan mortal Que con ansia desy gual Me muero por me morir .

Cap. 4. Of the Metonymia of the subiect .

THe Metonymia of the subiect , is when the word that properlie signifieth the subiect is brought to expresse the thing adioyned thereunto , as when the thing that containeth is put for that which is contained , the place for the thing therein placed , the possessor for the thing possessed .

Homer . 1. Iliad . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 4. Odyss. Telemachus to Nestor . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . Virg. Aen. 2. Inuadunt vrbem somno vinoque sepultam . Aen. 2. — Iam proximus ardet Vealegon . i. Vealegons house . Aeneid . 1. Of Bitias carowsing . Ille impiger hausit Spumantem pateram , & pleno se proluit auro . Georg. 2. Casta pudicitiam seruat domus . Georg. 4. — dulcem nidis immitibus escam . Aen. 1. Gens inimica mihi Tyrrhenum nauigat aquor , Ilium in Italiam portans , victósque penates . Sir Philip Sydney 1. Here ye do find in truth this strange operation of Loue , How to the wood loue runs , as well as rides to the Pallace . Torquat . Tass. 1. Song . Sic habbian tante , è tante in si poch' anni Ribellanti prouincie à lui sommesse . And in another place . Altri Inghilterra , e Francia , & altri Olanda , E la fertil Sicilia altri ne manda . 2. Of A'rmida . Mane la bocca , ond' esce aura amorosa , Sola rosseg'gia e semplice la rosa. Salust 1. Iudith . The people crieth to God . Veus-tu que derechef l'idolatre Caldee , Sous vn ioug tyrannique accable ta Iudee ? Boscan 3. Booke . Los altares delante estauan puestos , Ardiendo encima d'ellos toda Arabia .

Cap. 5. Of the Metonymia of the adiunct .

A Metonymia of the adiunct , is , when by the adiunct we expresse the subiect . So the names of vertues & vices are vsed for vertuous or vicious men : the signe for the thing which it doth signifie : the adiunct of the time for the things subiect , &c.

Homer . N. Il. 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . So in 6. Odyss. 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . for Alcinous himself .

V. Ae. 1. Quis genus Aeneadûm , quis Troiae nesciat vrbem , Virtutésque , virósque , & tanti incendia belli ? Aeneid . 1. Haud aliter puppésque tua , pubésque tuorum , &c. Aeneid . 1. Aspera tum positis mitescent saecula bellis . Georg. 1. Impiaque aternam timuerunt saecula noctem . Aglog . 1. — libet Partho torquere Cydonia cornis Spicula . Sir Philip Sidney 5. Musidorus to Euarchus .

Howsoeuer it bee , my death shall triumph ouer thy crueltie .

Torquat . Tass. 2 Song of Olindo and Sophronia . Ma il sospettoso tèstimo periglio Tanta virtù congiunta hauer vicina , Onde , com'egli volse , ambo in essiglio Oltre à i termini andar di Palestina . Salust 5. Semain . Et qu'encor toute voix , et tout style , & tout age , Louangeassent l'ouurier , en louant son ouurage . And 7. Clerement on conut que ta saincte iustice Preserue l'innocence , & chastie le vice . Boscan . 3. Pero viniendo à nuestro presupiesto , Digo tambien que el no marauillarse Es proprio de iuizio bien compuesto . And 2. speaking of Italie .

La qual es vna tierra muy floreciente de ingenios , de letras , de iuizios , y de grandes escritores .

Cap. 6. of Ironia .

IRonia is a Trope , that by naming one contrarie intendeth another . The speciall grace whereof is in iesting and merie conceipted speaches . This trope continued maketh a most sweet allegorie , and it is perceiued by the contrarietie of the matter it selfe , or by the manner of vtterance quite differing from the sense of the wordes , for then it is apparant that wee speake but iestinglie , and not as wee thinke .

Homer . Iliad . Π. Patroclus , when Cebrion fell from his Chariot 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . Vir 4. Aen. Egregiam verò laudem , et spolia ampla refertis , Tuque puerque tuus , magnum & memorabile numen , Vna dolo diuúm si foemina victa duorum est . 3. Aeglog . Tum , credo , cum me arbustum vidêre Myconis , Atque mala vites incidere falce nouellas , &c. 8. Aeg. Mopso Nisa datur . Quid non speremus amanteat Iungentur iam gryphes equis : oeuóque sequenti Cum canibus timidae venient ad pocula damae . &c. ●…digno coniuncta viro. &c. Aeneid . 2. Cui Pirrhus , referes ergo haec , & nuncius ibi●… Pelidae genitori , illi mea tristia facta , Degenerémque Neoptolemum narrare memento : Nunc morere . And in another place . quando tot stragis aceruos Teucrorum tua dextra dedit .

and

Istic nunc metuende iace

and

quam bello Troiane petisti Italiam metire iacens . Sir Philip Sid. a continued Ironia betweene Pas and Nico. Nico. Who doubts but Pas fine pipe againe will bring The auncient praise to Arcade shepheards skill ? Pan is not dead , since Pas begins to sing . Pas. Who euermore will loue Apolloes quill , Since Nico doth to sing so widely gape ? Nico his place faire better furnish will . Nico. Was this not he who for Cyringaes scape Raging in woes , first Pastors taught to plaine ? Doo you not heare his voyce and see his shape ? Pas. This is not he , that failed her to gaine Which made a bay , made bay a holy tree : But this is one that doth his musicke staine . 3. Of Mopsa .

So that the pretie pig , laying her sweet burden about his necke ; my Dorus , sayd she , tell me these wonders .

In the same booke Philoclea saith .

O kind mother of mine , said she , did you bestowe the light vpon me for this ? or did you beare me to bee the author of my buriall ? A trim purchase you haue made of your owne shame , robbed your daughter , to ruine your selfe .

In 4. Timantus of Philanax .

O notable affection , for the loue of the father , to kill the wife , and disenherite the children . O single minded modestie , to aspire to no lesse , than to the princelie Diademe .

Torquat . Tass 7. Argante , saith . O gente inuitta : ò popolo guerriero D' Europa : vn' huomo solo è che visfida . Venga Tancredi homai , che par si fiero : Se ne la sua virtú tanto si fida : O vuol , giacendo in piume , aspettar forse La notte , ch' altra volta à lui soccorse ? In 16. Vbaldo calleth Rinaldo . Egregio campion d' vna fanciulla . Salust 1. Semaine . Composes hardiment , ò sages Grecs , les cieux D'vn cinquieme element : disputes curieux , Qu'en leur corps par tout rond l'oeil humain ne remarque Commancement , ny fin : debates que la parque Asseruit seulement sous ses cruelles loix Ce que l'astre argenté reuoid de mois en mois : Le foyble estayement de si vaine doctrine Pourtant ne sauuera ce grand tout de ruine . Boscan 2. Booke . Que vfaneza ta manna os parece Sennora poruentura , triumfando de mi sangre lleuar gloria ? que gran famaos procura , tender contrami solo vuestrasanna ?

THere is also a kinde of Ironia called 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 in Greek , Praeteritio in Latin , a kinde of pretended omitting or letting slip of that which indeed wee elegantly note out in the verie shewe of praetermission , as when we say ; I let this passe ; I passe it ouer with silence . Like vnto this is that which is called of the Graecians 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , of the Latinists Negatio , a denial or refusall to speake , as , I will not say that which I might , I will not call you , &c. when neuerthelesse we speake and tell al.

Homer . Il 1. Achilles to his mother . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 ; V. 1. Ae Quid memorem infand as caedes , quid facta tyranni Essera ? and 10. Aen. Quid repetam exustas Erycino in littore classes ? Quid tempestatum regem , ventosque furentes Aeolia excitos , aut actam nubibus Irim ? Geor. 2. Quid tibs odorato reseramsudantia ligno Balsamáque & baccas semper frondentis Acanthi ? Quid nemora Aethiopum molli canentia lana , Velleraque vt folijs depectant tenuia Seres ? Sixt Aeglog . Quid loquar aut Scyllam Nisi ? aut quāfamasequuta a est Candida succinct am latrantibus inguina monstris Dulichias vexasse rates & gurgite in alto , Ah , timidos nautas cambus lacerasse marinis ? Aut vt mutatos Terei narrauerit artus ? Quas illi Philomela dapes , quae dona pararit , Quo cursu desert a petiuerit , & quibus antè Infoelix sua tecta , superuolitauerit alis ? Geor. 1. Non ego cuncta meis amplecti versibus opre , Non mihi , si linguae centum sint , oraque centum , Ferrea vox , &c. Sir P. Syd . 2. of Musidorus .

To tell you what pitifull mishaps fell to the yong Prince of Macedon his cosyn , I shoulde too much fill your eares with strange horrors : neither will I stay vpon those laboursom aduentures , nor lothsom misaduentures , to which and through which his fortune and courage conducted him : my speach hasteth it selfe to come to the point of all Musidorus misfortunes .

Torquat Tass. 8. Song . Taccio , ch'oue il bisogne , c'l tempo chiede Pronta man , pensier fermo , animo andace , Alcuno iui di noi primo si veds Portar , fràmille morti , ò ferro , o face .

And ,

Taccio , chefu da l'arme , è da l'ingegno Del 〈◊〉 Tancreds la Cilicia doma . 2. Clorinda saith . Ma taccio questo , e taccio i segni espress●… Ond' argomento l'innocentia in ess●… . Salust 3 Semain . Que diray-ie de toy , ô fontaine Sclauonne ? Que diray-ie de toy , ô source de Dodone ? Else where , Ie tairay la Geiette , & le marbre , & l'ardoise , Ie tairay pour se coup la croupe Oromenoise . And 4. Ie ne veux mettre en ieu les diuerses saisons , Que causa le soleil en changeant de maisons . Ie tairay que iamais la torche iournaliere Ne destobe à not yeux en plain iour sa lumiere . Que quelque grand eclipse , & qu'endor Alecton N'exile pour vn temps des regnes de Pluton , La beequetante faim , la trahison funeste , La sanglante Enyon , & la puuaise peste , Pour des border sur nous vne mer de douleurs , Et noyer l'vniuers & de sang & de pleurs . l'oublieray que la mer senslè & se diminue Parl'accroist & descroit del' estoile cornue .

I remember nothing in Boscan or Garcilasso fit for this purpose .

Cap. 7. Of a Metaphore .

THus much of the first kind of trope in Metonymia and Ironia : now followeth the second , containing a Metaphore and Synecdoche . A Metaphore is when the like is signified by the like : so then a Metaphore is nothing but a similitude contracted into one word . There is nò trope more florishing than a Metaphore , especially if it be applied to the senses , & among the senses chiefly to the éie , which is the quickest of all the senses .

Homer , Il. 1. Calchas of Agamemnon . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . Else where . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . And of Nester . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . Virg. Aen. 4. — spem fronte serenas . Else where . Magnóque irarum fluctuat aestu . Aeglog 4. Te duce , siqua marens sceleris vestigia nostri Irris a perpetua soluent formidine terras . Georg. 1. Omnia ventorum concurrere praelia vidi . And , Sapè etiam immensum caelo venit agmen aquarum . And , Nunc nemora ingenti vento , nunc littera plangunt . Aegl . 3. Et nunc omnis ager , nunc omnis parturit arbos , Nunc frendent sylua , nunc formosissimus annus . Georg. 3. — ruúnt que effusi carcere currus .

And

— at fulua nimbus arena Tollitur .

And ,

— gressus glomerare superbas . Aen. 2. Scinditur incertum studia in contraria vulgus . Aen. 4. — est mollis flamma medullas Intereà , & tacitum viuit sub pectore vulnus . Vritur infoelix Dido , tot aque vagatur Vrbe furens . Aen. 12. — it toto turbids coelo Tempestas telorum , & ferreus ingruit imber .

And there of Aeneas .

— ir arúmque emnes effundit habenas .

And ,

Fulminas Aeneas .

And ,

— nunc , nunc Fluctuas ira intus . Sir Philip Syd . 23. Son. — Alas the race Of all my thoughts , hath neither stop , nor start , But onely Stellaes eyes , and Stellaes hart . Of Pyrocles . 1. Ar.

For besides his eies sometimes euen great with teares .

In the same place .

And might perceiue in him store of thoughts , rather stirred than digested .

And the extreame bents of my affection , which wil either break out in words , or breake my heart .

Elsewhere .

The muddie minde of Dametas , hee found most easely stirred with couetousnesse .

Elsewhere .

Began to throw her thoughts into each corner of her inuention .

Elsewhere of Basilius .

Each coffer or cupboord he met , one saluted his shinnes , another his elbowes , Iometimes readie in reuenge to strike them againe with his face .

4. Of Damet as when his wife Miso had beaten him .

She gaue him the woodden salutation you heard of .

Torquat . Tass. 1. Song . Cio ch'alma generosa alletta , èpunge : Cio che puo risuegsiar virtu sopsta . In another place Goffredo saith . Mafù de pensier nostri vltimo segno Espugnar di Sion le nobil mura : Esottrarrei Christian dal giogo indegno Diseruitu cosi spiacente , è dura : Fondande in Palestina vn nouo regne Ou ' habbia la pietà sede sicura . 3 Song . I defensori à grandinar le pierre Da l'alte mura in guisa incominciaro . Elsewhere . Che nulla teme la sicur a testa O di sassi , ò di strai , nembo , ò tempesta . 4. Vela il souerchio ardir con la vergogna , E sa manto del vere à la menzogna . There of Armida . Esce de vaghe labbra aurea catena Che l'alme à suo voler prendè , & affrena . And in another place . En voce di Sirena à i suoi concenti Addorment ar le più suegliate menti . Salust 4. Semaine . Mes vers conceus en peine , en liesse enfantez . In the same , of the sunne . Car à chaque pais dans l'espace d'un iour Tu donnes le bon soir , tu donnes le bon-iour . Boscan . 1 Amor , dolor , y cuydado , sus penas en conueniencia publicaran la sententia , yo que soi el condenado , porne solo la presencia .

But hyperbolicall amplifications & allegories haue singular excellencie in a Metaphore , & therefore commonly they are here most vsuall : and by these hyberbolicall metaphores the speach is made very loftie and full of maiestie , when we attribute life and action , to dead and senselesse things .

Homer . Odyss. 8. Vlisses saith . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . Iliad . 2. 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . Virg. Aen 1. — geminíque minantur In coelum scopuli . 10. — Pontem indignatus Araxes . 3. Aeneid of Charybdis . — & sidera verberat vnda .

And ,

Ter spumam elisam , & rorantia vidimus astra . 5 Aegl . Daphni tuum Paenos etiam ingemuisse leones Interitum , montésque feri syluaeque loquuntur . 2. Geor. Sinon ingentem foribus domus alta superbis Manè salutantum totis vomit aedibus vndam . 4. Georg. — Caesar dum magnus ad altum Fulminat Euphraten bello . 2 Aen. At domus interior gemitu , miseróque tumultu Miscetur , penitúsque caua plangoribus aedes Foemineis vlulant : ferit aurea sydera clamor . Sir Philip Syd . 2. of Musidorus .

But alas , to what a sea of miseries my plentifull tongue doth lead me ?

3. of Miso .

She that could before scarco go , but supported by crowches , now flew about the house borne vp with the wingsof anger ▪

Torquat . Tass. 1. of Rinaldo . Se'l miri fulminar ne l'arme accolto , Marte lo stimi : Amor S'ei scopre il volto . 2. Of Argante , parue &c. Et che ne gli occhi horribili gli ardesse La gran face d'Aletto , & di Megera . And there . E'n cotal' atto il rimirò Babelle Alzar la fronte , e minacciar le stelle . 6. Song Lampo nel fiammeggiar , nol romor tuono , Fulmini nel ferir le spade sono . 8. Lampi , e folgori arde an nel regio aspetto Mentr' ei parlò di maestà , d'horrore . Salust . 3. Sem. — mais voy comme la mer Me iette en mille mers , ou ie crains d'abismer . 1. Of Iudith . Son palais , que sembloit d'vn front audacieux , Et mespriser la terre , & menacer les cieus . 1. Semaine , of God . Il fait de l'Ocean deces douces largesses Regorger , liberal , mille mers de richesses . Boscan . El sentir de mi sentido tan profundo ha nauegado , que me tiene ya engolfado donde viuo despedido de salir à pie ni à nado .

Allegoriis .

Homer . Π Achilles to Patroclus . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . Iliad Ρ. Aiax to Menelaus . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 .

And ,

〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . Vir. 2. Aen. of a wilde ash cut downe . — illa vsque minatur , Et tremefacta comam concusso vertice nutat , Vulneribus donec paulatim euicta , supremum Congemuit , traxitque iugis auulsa ruinam . Sir Phil. Syd . 1. Of Pyrocles .

And when with pitie once his hart was made tender , according to the aptnes of the humor , it receiued straight a cruell impression , of that wonderfull passion , which to be defined is impossible . &c.

And ,

And herewith the deep wound of his loue , being rubbed afresh with this new vnkindnes , began as it were to blee'd againe , in such sort , that he was vnable to beare it any longer .

The same Pyrocles when he was clad with the habit of the Amazon . Transformd in shew , but more transformd in mind I cease to striue , with double conquest foyld : For , woe is me , my powers all I find . With outward force , and inward treason spoyld . For from without came to mine eyes the blowe Whereto mine inward thoughts did faintlie yield : Both these conspird poore reasons ouerthrowe , False in my selfe thus haue I lost the field . Torquat Tass 1. Tu magnanimo Alfonso , il qual ritogli Al furor di fortuna , e guidi in porto Me peregrino errante , e frà li scogli ▪ E frà onde agitato , e quasi absorto . Salust . 7 day . Dieu est le president , qui par tout à iustice Haute , moyenne , & basse , & qui sans auarice , Ignorance , faueur , crainte , ●…pect , courroux Ses arrests sans appel prononce contre nous . 1. Tout beau , muse , tout beau , d'un si profond Neptune Ne sonde point le fond : garde toy d'approcher Ce Charybde glouton , ce Caphare rocher , Ou mainte nef , suyuant la raison pour son ourse , A fait triste naufrage au milieu de la course . Qui voudra seurement par ce gouffre ramer , Sage n'aille iamais cingler en haure mer : Ains costoye la ryue , ayant la foy pour voile , L'esprit saint pour nocher , la Bible pour estoile .

Cap. 8. Of Synecdoche of the part .

SYnecdoche is when the name of the whole is giuen to the part , or the name of the part to the whole . Synecdoche of the part is , when by a part wee meane the whole , and it is either of the member or of the speciall . Of the member , when by one integrall member the whole is signified .

Homer . 1. Iliad . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . Virg. 1. Aen. Haud aliter puppesque tuae , pubesque tuorum . Aeglog . 5. Candidus insuetum miratur limen Olympi . Sir P. Sydney 2. of Basilius .

Basilius hauing combd , and trickt himselfe more curiouslie , than any times fortie winters before .

Torquat . Tass. 2. of Sophronia . Non speri più de ritrouar perdono Cor pudico , alta mente , e nobil volto . Salust . 1. Semaine . Combien d'espris subtils out le mond abuse . Pour auoir c'est esprit pour patron refusè ? Boscan 3. Yarompere las ondas de Neptuno Yla proraporne contra los vientos De Eolo ? In another place . Alma gentil dignissima de impero , Y que de sola vos cantasse Homero .

Cap. 9. Of Synecdoche of the speciall .

THe Synecdoche of the speciall is when by the speciall we note the generall , so we put a finite number for a great one ; so the singuler for the plurall .

Vir. 3. Geor. Haud secus ac patrijs acer Romanus in armis . 4. AEg . Alter erit tam Typhis , et altera quae vehat , Argo , Delectos heroas , erunt etiam altera bella , Atque iterum ad Troiam magnus mittetur Achilles . 1. Georg. Ter centum niuei tondent dumet a iuuenci . 4 AEg . Mille mea Siculis errant in montibus agua . Sir P. Syd . 1. Dorus of Loue.

Neither he shews reuerence to a Prince , nor mercie to begger .

Torquat . Tass. 1. S'egli auuerra ch' in pace Il buon popol di Christo vnqua si veda , Et con naui , e caualli al fero Trace Cerchi ritor la grand ' ingiusta preda . 2. Song . Qui mille immondi Arpie vedresti , e mille Centauri , e Sfingi , e pallide Gorgoni : Molte , e molte latrar voraci Scille . E fischiar Hidre , e sibilar Pitoni : E vomitar Chimere atre fauille : E Polifemi horrendi , e Gerioni En noui mostri , e non più'ntesi , ò visti Diuersi aspetti in vn confusi e misti . Salust . 1. Semaine . Auant qu' Eure souflat , quel' onde eut des poissons .

And ,

Pour lire là dedans il ne nous saut entendre Cent sortes de iargons : il ne nous faut apprendre Les characteres Turcs , de Memphe les pourtrets , Ni les poincts des Hebrieux , ni les notes de grees . L'antarctique brutal . le vagabond Tartare , L'Arabe plus cruel , le Scythe plus barbare , L'ensant qui n'a sept ans , le chaissieux viellard , Y lit passablement , bien que despourueu d'art . 2. Tous ces doctes esprits , dont la voix flateresse Change Hecube en Helene , & Faustine en Lucresse . 3. Ne fait d'vne formy vn Indois Elephant , D'vn mol Sardanapale vn Hercule triomphant , D'vn Thersite vn Adon , & ne prodigue encore D'vn discours impudentle losd ' Alceste à Flore . Boscan . 3. Si alli fuera Leandro Palinuro , O no fuera Leandro , claro viera Elpeligro que el tiempo amenazaua .

Cap. 10. Of Synecdoche of the Integrall .

THe Synecdoche of the whole , is when by the whole we meane a part , and it is either of the integrall whole , or generall and vniuersall . Of the integrall , when by the whole integrall we meane a part .

Homer . Odiss . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . Vir Aen. 1. Ardentesque auertit equos in castra , priusquàm Pabula gustassent Troiae , Xanthumque bibissent . 2. Aeg. Ante pererratis amborum finibus exul Aut Ararim Parthus bibet , aut Germania Tigrim . 10. Aeg. Nec sifrigoribus medijs Hebrumque bibamus , Sith●…asque niues hyemis subeamus aquosa . Sir P. Syd. 2.

As if the stars would breath themselues for a greater mischiefe .

Torquat . Tass. 4. Come sonanti , e terbide procelle , Che vengan fuor de le natie lor grotte Ad oscurare il cielo , e portar guerra Aigran regni del mare , & de la terra . Salust 1. Semaine . Combien d'espris subtils out le monde abusè . Pour auoir c'est esprit pour patron refusè ? Garcilass . AEglog 1. El arbol de victoria , que cinne estrechamente tugloriosa frente ?

Cap. 11. Of Synecdoche of the generall .

THe Synecdoche of the generall is when by the generall we intend the speciall , so the plurall for the singuler , so the Poet for Virgil.

Homer . Il. 1. 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 .

And ,

〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . Vir Aeg 1 Tityre tu patula recubans sub tegmine fagi.

And ,

Ille meas errare boues , vt cernis , & ipsum Lude●… equae vellem calamo permisit agresti . Sir P. Syd . 1.

Vile creature , said she , laying her hand vppon her sword , force me not to defile this sword in thy base blood .

And 1. So if my man must praises haue , What then must I that keepe the knaue ? Torquat . Tass. 1. Ma poi c'hebbe di questi , e d'altricori Scorti gl'intimi sensi il rè del mondo . Salust 4. Semaine . Et nos deportemens dignes cent & cent foits Du pleur Ephesien , & du rire Abderois . Boscan . 〈◊〉 . Passando el mar Le andro el animoso En amoroso suego todo ardiendo .

Thus much for Tropes , whereof the most excellent is a Metaphore ; the next , Ironia , then Metonymia ; lastlie , Synecdoche : The most vsuall also is a Metaphore , then a Metonymia , next , Synecdoche , lastlie , Ironia . Metonymia , Metaphora , and Synecdoche oftentimes concurre together .

Cap. 12. Of Figures .

NOw of Figures . A figure is a certeine decking of speach , whereby the vsual and simple fashion thereof is altered and changed to that which is more elegant and conceipted . For as a Trope is of single wordes , so a Figure of coopled and conioyned : and as of words , some bee proper ▪ some turned , so of speaches , some bee simple and naturall , some finelie fashioned and figured artificiallie . A figure is either in the word , or in the sentence . A figure of the word is that , whereby the words doo sweetlie and fitlie sound among themselues . In these figures especially consisteth the conceipted pleasance and delicacie of speach .

Cap. 13. Of verse and rime .

THe figure of words consisteth either in the iust dimension and measuring of sounds or words , or els in the pleasant repetition of the same . This dimension or measuring is either belonging to Poets , or vsed of Orators . Poeticall dimension is that which is bound to the continuall obseruation of prescript spaces . Poetical dimension maketh either rime , or verse . Rime containeth a certaine number of sillables ending alike .

Sir P. Syd . My hart my hand , my hand hath giuen my hart The giuer giuen from guilt shall neuer part .

Cap. 14.

VErse or meter is a poeticall dimension comprehending certaine feete setled in certaine places . A foote is a dimension of certaine syllables with a strict obseruation of distinct time or quantitie . A foote is either of two syllables , or three , and both of them either simple or compound . The simple one of two sillables , is Spondaeus , consisting of two long sillables , as , εγω· Musas : Learning : Tutta : Chacun : Obras . Or Pyrrichius , conteining 2. short sillables : as , λογοσ : Deus : Pretie : oue : amys : mia . The compound one of two sillables , is either Iambus , of one short & one long , as , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 : deos : reuenge : tuoi : seras : aguas : or Choreus , of one long and one short , as 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 : arma : noble : notte : vaincre : porne . The simple one of three Syllables is either Molossus of three long Syllables , as 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 : Romanos : Transformings : Diuiso : Effrayè : Contemplando : or Trochaeus of three short , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 : legere : pretelie : huomini : alme Venus : que cosa : The compound one of three sillables consisteth of two sillables like or vnlike : the feete of two like sillables are twice two , Dactylus , of one long & two short , as , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 : Tityre : companie : matino : alme Venus : vidamia : and Anapoestus of two ▪ short & one long , as , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 : fluuios : monument : non era peccato : resónant : que principio . Bacchius of one short & two long , as 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 : Athenas : reseruing : ritorna : rechanter : palabras : & Palimbacchius , of two long and one short , as 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 : cantare : almightie : parlare : vers digne : estressa . Now the feete of two vnlike are but two , Creticus , of a long , a short , and a long , as 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 : Indies : impotent : vita sincera : digne vers : causa secreta : and Amphibrachus : of one short , one long , & one short , as , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 : amare : disorder : amore : benigne : palabra . Thusmuch of feet , by the dimension wherof a verse is made . In a verse , sometimes a vowell , or this letterm , or both bee cut off in the ende of a word , if the next word begin with a vowell . The last sillable in a verse is common , either long or short . There be many kinds of verses , and may be more : those that be now in vse may be referred to these two generall heads , a simple verse and a compound . The simple consisteth onely of two feete , as Adonium , of a Dactylus and Spondaeus . Nubibm atris condita nullum fundere possunt sydera lumen . Feare is a greater plague to the fearfull , than be the greatest plagues that he feareth .

The compound of more than two , as Tetrametrum of foure , and Polymetrum of more than foure . Tetrametrum is that which is called Asclepiade , of a Molossus , Anapoestus , and two Dactyli , as Moecenas atauis aedite regibus , &c. Sir Philip Sydney 2 : Dorus. O sweete woods the delight of solitarinesse : O how much I doo like your solitarinesse : Here no treason is hid vailed in innocence , Nor flattrers venymous insinuations , Nor cunning humorists pudled opinions , Nor time pratled away , cradle of ignorance , &c.

Polymetrum is either Pentametrum of fiue , or Hexametrum of sixe . Pentameters bethree : first a Phaleucium of a Spondaeus , a Dactylus , and three Chorei , as Passer delitiae meae puellae . Sir Philip Sydney 2. Reason tell me thy minde if here be reason , In this strange violence to make resistance , Where sweete graces erect the stately banner Of vertues regiment , shining in harnesse Of fortunes diademes , by beautie mustred ▪ Say then , Reason ▪ I say , what is thy counsalle ? Her loose haires be the shot , the breasts the pikes be , Scoutes each motion is , the hands the horsemen , Her lippes are the riches the warres to maintaine , Where well couched abides a coffer of pearle : Her leggs carriage is of all the sweete campe , Say then , &c. Her canons be her eyes , mine eyes the walls be , Which at first volee gaue open entrie , No rampier did abide , my traine was vpblowne , Vnderminde with a speach the piercer of thoughts : Thus weakned by my selfe , no helpe remaineth , Say then , &c. And now Fame the herald of her true honor Doth proclaime with a sound made al by mens mouths , That Nature soueraigne of earthly dwellers , Commands all creatures to yeeld obeysance , Vnder this , this her owne , her onely dearling Say then , &c. Reason sighes , but in ende he thus doth answere , Naught can reason auaile in ▪ heauenly matters . Thus natures diamond receaue thy conquest , Thus pure pearle I doo yeeld my senses and soule , Thus sweete paine I doo yeeld , what ere I can yeeld , Reason looke to thy selfe , I serue a Goddesse . Comes de Alcinois . Encore France se veut trauailler en vain , En vaine France se veut trauailler encore , De chanter vn amour , de chanter vn Dieu . &c.

Secondly a Sapphike , of Choreus , Spondaeus , Dactylus , and two Chorei , where we must obserue , that after euery such third verse , one Adonium be added thereunto , as Iam satis terris niuis , atque dira Grandinis misit pater , & rubento Dextera sacras iaculatus arces terruit vrbem . Sir Philip Sydney 1. Cleophila looking on Philoclea , speaketh to Hope . If mine eyes can speake to doo heartie arrant , Or mine eyes language she doo hap to iudge of , So that eyes message be of her receiued : Hope , we doo liue yet . But if eyes faile then , when I most doo need them , Or if eyes language be not vnto her knowne , So that eyes message doo returne reiected , Hope , we doo both dye . Yet dying and dead doo we sing her honour , So become our tombes monuments of her praise , So become our losses the triumph of her gaine , Hers be the glorie , &c.

Remy Belleau hath some of this kind , as Ie fremis tremblant , le frisson me saisist , Palle ie blesmis comme l'herbe des champs , Sans chaleur , sans poux , d'amoreuse langueur Presq ie transis , &c.

Thirdly and lastly , Elegum , or the Elegiacall verse of a Dactylus or Spondaeus , in the first place , and in the third place of a Spondaeus with two Anapaesti . Turpe quid ausurus , te , sine teste , time . Sir Philip Sydney 4.

Passion vnto my rage , rage to a hastie reuenge .

The Hexameter is most famous , consisting of Dactylus or Spondaeus indifferently in all the foure first places : but in the fifth place , of a Dactylus onely , as Gratior est pulchro veniens è corpore virtus . And , O formose puer , nimium ne crede colori . Sir Philip Sydney 1.

First shal a trustie Grehound transforme himselfe to a Tyger .

The Pentameter is neuer lightly separated from the Hexameter , but this is oftentimes seuered from that . Hexameters ioyned with Pentameters be , as Nescio quid plus est , quod donat saecula chartis , Victurus genium debet habere liber . Well , but faultie I was , reason to my passion eelded , Passion vnto my rage , rage to a hastie reuenge . Tutta notte piou , il matino chiaro ritorna , Diuis il mondo con Ioue Caesar haue . Nocte pluit tota , &c. Iodelle . Phoebus , Amour , Cypris , veut sauueur , nourir , & orner , Ton vers , coeur , & chef , d'ombre , de flame , de fleurs . Comes de Alsinois . Voi de rechef ô alme Venus , Venus alme , rechanter , Ton los immortel par ce poete facre . Voi de rechef , vn vers animè , vers digne de ton nom , Vers , que la France reçoit , vers que la France lira . Et fais , qu'en resonant ton los , il puisse de ses vers , Par ta benigne faueur , vaincre la sorce d'amour . Incerta autoris . Tant que seras opulens , amis auras par chemin assez , Chacun s'enfuyra , quand miserable seras . Donec eris foelix , &c.

The Iambike is also verie vsual : which is either pure consisting onely of Iambikes , as Suis & ipsa Roma viribus ruit . Or mixt , which admitteth also Spondaeus , as Rex est tyranni , quisquis contemnit necem . Immeritò : Spencer . Vnhappie verse , the witnes of my vnhappie state , Make thy selfe fluttring wings of thy fast flying Thoughts , & flie forth vnto my loue whersoeuer she be . Whether lying restles in heauie bed , or els Sitting so chearles at the chearfull boord , or els Playing alone careles on her heauenly virginalls , If in bed , tel her , that my eyes can take no rest , If at boord , tell her , that my mouth can eate no meate , If at her virginals , tell her , I can heare no mirth . Asked why ? Say , waking loue suffreth no sleepe : Say , that raging loue doth appale the weake stomacke : Say , that lamenting loue marreth the musicall . Tell her , that her pleasures were wont to lul me asleep , Tell her , that her beautie was wont to feede mine eyes : Tel her , that her sweet tonge was wont to make me mirth Now doo I nightly wast , wanting my kindly rest , Now doo I daily starue , wanting my liuely food , Now doo I alwaies die , wanting thy timely mirth . And if I wast , who will bewaile my heauie chaunce ? And if I sterue , who will record my cursed end ? And if I die , who will say , this was Immeritò ? Remy Belleau . Senarij Iambici . Quand sur ta leure douce à plat ie vay succant L'ambrosine douceur qui mon ame empoysonne . Au ciel ie pense estre fait alors vn demydieu , Ou quelque image pluis diuin , si plus se peut , Mais ceste douceur tu detrampes si soudain De fiel , & d'aigueur , & de poison si cruel , &c.

Other kindes there be , as Anacreontica , ¯ ˘ ¯ ˘ ¯ ˘ ¯

Sir P. Syd. 2. My Muse what ailes this ardour ? to blaze my onely secrets . Alas it is no glorie , to sing mine owne decayed state : Alas it is no comfort , to speake without an answere : Alas it is no wisedome , to shew the wound without cure , &c.

Cap. 15.

THus much shall suffice for poeticall dimension . Now followeth that of Orators , both vnlike that of Poets , and alwaies vnlike it selfe . In prose auoid verse , vnlesse now and then a verse bee brought in out of some author , either for proofe or pleasure . The beginning or ending of a verse must not be the beginning or ending of prose . For the beginning , a little consideration will suffice , for the middle , lesse ; but in the end the chief care is to bee had , for it is most examined , and longest continueth in memorie . It must therefore bee sweetlie contriued , that it seeme not hastie and abrupt : it must also bee varied and changed oftentimes , least satietie bee procured , if the same foote should in the end bee continuallie repeated . Yet notwithstanding this diligence , it is not required that a man should bee bound to the obseruation of certaine feet anie further than sixe sillables from the end . As I require diligence in this point , so I condemne curiositie , affectation , and open art . The end is seldome of long sillables altogether , but verie oftentimes of long and short together , as three Chorei continued , an Iambus with a Dichoreus . Tullie so loued Dichoreus , that in one Oration to Pompeius , he vsed it an hundred and fourteene times . Neither must wee onlie haue regard to the quantitie of the sillables , but also to the goodnes of the letters , for that is a great cause of this sweete dimension vsed of Orators .

Sir P. Syd . 1. Philanax to Basilius .

I would then haue said , the heauenlie powers to be reuerenced , & not searched into , and their mercie rather by praiers to bee sought , than their hidden counsailes by curiositie .

In 4. of Gynecia .

Shee sawe the rigor of the lawes was like to lay a shamefull death vppon her : which , being for that action vndeserued , made it the more insupportable , and yet in the depth of her soule , most deserued , made it more miserable .

Cap. 16. Of Epizeuxis .

THus much of the dimension of words : Now followe those figures that consist in the repetition of words and sounds , either like or vnlike ; and like , either continued , or seuered : and continued , either in the same sentence , or in diuers sentences : in the same sentence , it is called in Greeke 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , a ioyning of the same word or sound , for that one sound is continuallie ioyned to another . It is called also Palilogia , or iteration .

Homer . 5. Iliad . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . Virg. Aeg. 3. — vale vale , inquit , Iola . 2. Ah Coridon Coridon , quae te dementia caepit ? 4 Aen. — sic sic iuuat ire sub vmbras .

Sometimes there is a parenthesis put betweene , but yet the thing is all one as if there had nothing been inserted .

2. Aen. — vos ( o quibus integer aeui Sanguis , ait , solidaeque suo stant robore vires ) Vos agitate fugam . Sir P. Syd. 1. Vp , vp , Philisides , let sorowes goe . 1. Onlie Iewel , ô , onlie Iewell , which onlie deseruest That mens harts be thy seate , & endles fame be thy seruant . 2. The time is changed , ( my lute ) the time is changed .

And ,

The euill is inward ( my lute ) the euill is inward . Torquat . Tass. 8. Arme Arme , freme il forsennato , è'nsime La giouentu superba Arme Arme freme . 12. Argante to Clorinda . Nò , nò sèfui ne l'arme àtè conforte Esser vuò ne la gloria , ò ne la morte . 12. Ma doue ( o lasso me ) doue restare Le reliquie del corpo bello e casto ? 19. Vieni ( ò famoso rè ) vieni : e là seur●… A la rocca fortissima ricoura . Salust . Iudith 6. Chantons , chantons de caeur , d'instrumens & de voix Le los de dieu des dieus , le los du roy des rois . Iudith 2. La voix , ô cas piteux , la voix del' immortel Luy commande d'offrir son Isac sur l' autel . Boscan . 2. Oyd oyd los hombresy las gentes vn casa nueuo qu'en amor se ofrece , amor in mi con su deleyte crece . 3 Traedle , respondio , traedle hermanas .

Cap. 17. Of Anadiplosis .

THat which is in diuers sentences is either Anadiplosis , or climax . Anadiplosis , redubling , or reduplication is when the same sound is repeated in the ende of the sentence going before , and in the beginning of the sentence following after .

Homer . Ε. Iliad . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . γ. Iliad . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . Virg. Aeg. 6. Addit se sociam , timidisque superuenit Aegle . Aegle , Naiadum pulcherrima . 6. Aenid . Deiphobum vidit lacerum crudeliter ora Ora manusque ambas . 10. Aenid . — sequitur pulcherrimus Astur . Astur equo fidens , & versicoloribus armis . Sir P Syd. 1. Ouer these brookes trusting to ease mine eyes , ( Mine eyes eu'n great in labour with their teares ) I laid my face , my face wherein there lyes Clusters of clowdes which no sunne euer cleares . 3 : O stealing time , the subiect of delay , Delay the rack of vnrefrain'd desire , What strange dessein hast thou my hopes to stay ? My hopes which doo but to mine owne aspire . 4 : And hauing plast my thoghts , my thoughts thus placed me , Me thought , nay sure I was , I was in fairest wood Of Samothea land , a land which whilom stood . Torquat . Tass. 8. Rinaldo han morto'l qual fú spada , e scudo Di nostra fede : & ancor giace inulto . Inulto giace : e su ' l terreno ignudo Lacerato il lasciaro , & insepulto . 19. Erminia to Tancred , lying halfe dead . Dopo gran tempo i ti ritrouo à pena Tancredi : e'ti rueggio , e non son vista , Vista non son da te : benche presente , E , trouando , ti perdo eternamente . In Amynt . 27. — hor non rammenti Cio che l'altr'hier Elpino raccontaua , Il saggio Elpino , a la bella Licori Licori ch'in Elpin puote con gli occhi Quel ch'ei potere in lei dourra col canto , Se'l douere in amor si ritrouasse . Salust . 1. Semaine . Detousiours le clairfeu n'enuironnent les airs : Les airs d'eternitè n'enuironnent les mers . 3. — tant & tant ardamment L'Eymant aime le fer : le fer aime l'Eymant . Boscan 2. No puede ser que d'cl amor eshijo , Eshijo d'el amor , mas es bastardo .

And

Gran tiempo ha , que amor me dize , escriue , escriue lo que en ti yo tengo escrito . 3. Atreuiosè à tomar la mano de Hero De Hero la mano se atreuio à tomarla .

Cap. 18. Of Climax .

CLimax , gradation , is a reduplication continued by diuers degrees and steps , as it were , of the same word or sound , for these two be of one kind .

Homer . Iliad. 3. 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . V. aeg. 2. Torua le●…na lupum sequitur , lupus ipse capellam , E lorentem citisum sequitur lasciua capella . Sir Philip Sydney 1. Song . Louing in truth , and saine in verse my loue to show , That the deare she might take some pleasure of my pain , Pleasure might cause her read , reading might make her Knowledge might pity win , & pity grace obtain ( know I sought fit words , &c. 3. Dorus. Sweete gloue the sweete despoile of sweetest hand , Faire hand the fairest pledge of fairer hart , True heart whose truth doth yeeld to truest band , Chiefe band , I say , which ties my chiefest part , My chiefest part , wherein doo chiefly stand Those secrete ioyes , which heauens to me impart : Vnite in one , my state thus still to saue , You haue my thankes , let me your comfort haue . 44. Song . My words , I know , doo well set foorth my minde , My minde bemones his sense of inward smart , Such smart may pitie craue of anie hart : Her heart , sweete heart , is of no tygers kinde . Torquat . Tass. 6. Sparsa è d'arme la terra : è l'arme sparse Disangue , e l sangue co'l sudor simesce . 15 Enudre à í prati l'herba , à l'herba i fiori , A i fiori l'odor . Salust 1. Semaine of the garden of Eden . Ains d'un doux ventelet l'halene ●usquetee Coulant dans la forest par l'eternel plantee , Donnoit vigeut aux corps , à la terre verdeur , A la verdure fleurs , aux fleurs vn alme odeur .

And 1. Semaine 2. day .

Ci bien qu'auec le temps le ius vertement aigre Se fait moust , le moust vin , &c le bon vin vinaigre . 3. Des fontaines se font les ruisseaux murmurans : Des murmurans ruisseaux , les rauageus torrens : Des torrens rauageus les superbes riuitres . Des riuieres se sont les ondes marinieres .

And ,

Le germe croist en herbe , & Therbe en long tuyan , Le tuyau en espic , l'espic en ble nouueau Iudith . 3. Dieu peut tout ce , qu'il veut : dieu veut tout ce qu'il doit : Dieu doit toùte faueut à cil que marche droit . Boscan . 3. Tanto que d'ella sama tira y corre , D'el Istro al Tago , y d'el Tago hasta al Nilo .

Cap. 19. Of Anaphora .

THus much of the continued repetition of the same word in one or diuers sentences : now followeth the seuered repetition of the same sound , and that either in the same place , or in diuers . In the same place , either simple or conioined . Simple , Anaphora and Epistrophe . Anaphora a bringing back of the same sound , is when the same sound is iterated in the beginning of the sentence .

Homer . Iliad . 1. 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . Vir. 4. Geor. Te dulcis coniux , te solo in littore secum , Te veniente die , te decedente canebat . Aegl . 1. Pan primus calamos cera coniungere plures Instituit : Pan curat oues , ouiumque magistros . Aen. 3. Sic oculos , sic ille manue , sic ora ferebat . Sir Philip Sydney . 1. And thus mine eyes are plac'd still in one sight , And thus my thoughts can thinke but one thing still , Thus reason to his seruant giues his right , Thus is my power transformed to your will . 2. Olde age is wise , and full of constant truth , Olde age well staid from ranging humors liues , Olde age hath knowen , what euer was in youth , Olde age orecome the greater honor giues . And to olde age since you your selfe aspire , Let not olde age disgrace my high desire . Torquat . Tasso . 20. Giace il cauallo al suo signore appresso , Giace il compagno appo'l compagno estinto . Giace il nimic● appo'l nimico , è spesso Su'l morto il viuo : il vincitor su'l vinto . Salust . 1. Semaine . Tout estoit sans beaute , sans reglement , sans flame , Tout estoit sans façon , sans mouuement , sansame . 1. Semaine 3 day . Qui boit le Styx sulphreux , le Phiegeton brulant , Le bourbeux Acheron , le Gocyte sanglant . 5. Of the sea . Elle a son herisson , son belier , son pourceau , Son lion , son cheual , son elephant , son veau . 1. of . Mari. Et qu'elle ensantera pour le salut humain Son pere , son espoux , sons fils ; & son germain . Boscan 3. Cantauete en partiendo el clarodia , Cantauete en viniendo la mannana . Garcilasso . Por vos naci , por vos tengo la vida , Por vos he de morir , y por vos muero .

Cap. 20. of Epistrophe .

Epistrophe , Conuersion or turning to the same sound in the ende , is when the like sound is iterated in the endings .

Homer . 14. Odyss 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . V. aeg. 3. Si ad vitulam spectes , nihil est quod pocula laudes . Aegl . 8. Ignis vt hic durescit , & haec vt cera liquescit Vno eodémque igni , sie nostro Daphnis amore . Aeg. 10. — solet esse grauis cantantibus vmbra : Iuniperi grauis vmbra . Sir Philip Sydney 1.

But since it is weaknesse , too much to remember , what should haue been done , and that your commandement stretcheth to know what shal be done ; I doo , &c.

There , of Dametas .

O no , he can not be good , that knowes not why hee is good , but stands so farre good , as his fortune may keepe him vnassailed .

10.

Nay we are to resolue , that if reason direct it , we must do it , & if we must doo it , we wil doo it : for , to say , I cannot , is childish ; and , I will not , is womanish .

Torquat . Tass. 1. S●… su fedeli mei , su via prendete Le fiamme , e'l ferro , ardete , & vccidite . In Amynt . 45. Satyrus in comparing Syluia to Sylua for her crueltie . Celan le selue , angui , leoni , & orsi , Dentro il lor verde : è tu dentro 〈◊〉 bell pett● Nascondi odio , disdegno , & impiettate , Fere peggior , ch'angui , leoni , & orsi , Che si placano quei , questi placarsi Non possono , per prego ne per dono . Salust 1. Semaine . Non en temps , auant temps ains mesme auec le temps I'enten vn temps confus . Boscan . 1. Los dos iuntos en dannarme Hemos sido y en vencerme : Armados para perderme : Vos comigo por matarme , Yo con vospor ofenderme .

Cap. 21. Of Symploce .

COnioyned as Symploce , Complexio , Comprehensio , coupling of both the other , when the same sound is repeated both in beginnings and endings .

Vir. aeg . 7. Fraxinus in syluis pulcherrima , pinus in hortis , Populus in fluuijs , abies in montibus altis Sir Philip Sydney 5. Pyrocles .

My bloud will satisfie the highest point of equitie , my bloud will satisfie the hardest hearted of this Countrey .

2. Of Musidorus .

Such was as then the estate of the Duke , as it was no time by direct meanes to seek her , & such was the estate of his captiued will , as he could delay no time of seeking her .

Torquat . Tass. 9. S' affronta insieme , horribilmente vrtando Scudo à scudo , elmo ad elmo , e brando à brando : Salust . 4. Semaine . Reglant ensemblement nos moeurs , & nos humeurs , Troublant ensemblement nos humeurs & nos moeurs . Boscan . 1. Y assi està la vida mia D'el todo desconsolada , D'el cuerpo desamparada : Y fuera de l'alegria , Pues es de vos apartada .

Cap. 22. Of Epanalepsis .

THese repetitions be in the same place ; the two following , that is Epanalepsis and Epanados , be diuerslie placed . Epanalepsis or resumption , is when the same sound is iterated in the beginning and ending .

Virg. 2. Aen. Multa super Priamo rogitans , super Hectore multa . Aeg. 1. Ambo florentes at atibus , Arcades ambo . 1. Georg. Nudus ara , sere nudus . Aeg. 4. Occidet & serpens , & fallax herba veneni Occidet . Aeg 9. Tityre , dum redeo , breuis est via , pasce capellas , Et potum pastas age Tityre . 4. Georg. Amba auro , pictis incincta pellibus amba . 2. Aeneid . — Arma viri , ferte arma . 12. Aeneid . Victus amore tui , cognato sanguine victus .

And ,

— Socer arua Latinus habebat , Imperium solenne socer . Sir P. Syd. 5.

Feare is more paine , than is the paine it feares .

34. Sonet . They loue indeed , who quake to say , they loue . 3. Hark plaintfull ghosts , infernall furies hark . 3 Gynecia .

The thoughts are but ouerflowings of the mind , and the tongue is but a seruant of the thoughts .

Torquat . Tass. 18. Audace si : ma cautamente audace . Torris : to Aluida . 35. Estingua tutti gli odij il nostro amore , E n●…ssuno odio il nostro amore estingua . In Amynta . fol. 87. Pari è l'eta , la gentilezza è pari . In Amynt . 70. O Dafne , o Dafne , A questo amaro fin tu misaluasti A questo sine amaro ? Salust . 1. Semaine . Or done auant tous temps , matiere , forme & lieu , Dieu tout en tout estoit , & tout estoit en Dieu . 1. l'architecte du monde ordonna qu' à leur tour Le iour suiuist la nuict , la nuict suiuist le iour . In the triumph of faith speaking of Christ .

Parole qu' on ne peut exprimer par parole .

In the same place of the mother and her seuen sonnes slaine .

Mere digne des fis , fis dignes de la mere .

Boscan 1. Si de amor es tu sentido Di me que cosa es amor . 3. Contemplando tras esto en las mudanças , De la mar , y d'el viento contemplando .

Cap. 23. Of Epanados .

EPanados , regression , turning to the same sound , when one and the same sound is repeated in the beginning and middle , or middle and end .

Homer . 2. Iliad . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . Virg Aeg. 8. — Crudelis tu quoque mater , Crudelis mater magis , an puer improbus ille ? Improbus ille puer , crudelis tu quoque mater . 7. Compulerantque greges Coridon & Thyrsis in vnum : Thyrsis oues , Coridon distentas lacte capellas . 1. Geor. Quacunque illa leuem fugiens secat ethera pennis , Insequitur Nisus : quà se fert Nisus ad auras , Illa leuem fugiens raptim secat ethera pennis . 4. Geor. Tùm quoque marmorea caput à ceruice reuulsum Gurgite cum medio portans Oeagrius Hebrus Volueret , Eurydicen vox ipsa , & frigida lingua , Ah miseram Eurydicen anima fugiente vocabat : Eurydicen tete referebant flumine ripa . Sir Philip Sydney . Son. 7. Whose sences in so ill consort their stepdame nature laies That rauishing delight in them most sweet tunes do not raise . Or if they doo delight therein yet are so cloyed with wit , As with sententious lipps to set a title vaine on it . O' let them hearè these sacred tunes & learn in wonders schooles , To be in things past bounds of wit , fooles , if they be not fooles . Who haue so leaden eyes as not to see sweet beauties show , Or seeing haue so woodden wits as not that worth to know , Or knowing haue so muddie minds as not to be in loue , Or louing haue so frothy thoughts as easlie thence to moue , O let them see these heauenlie beames , & in faire letters reede A lesson sit both sight and skil , loue and firme loue to reede . Heare then , but then with wonder heare , see , but adoring see No mortall guifts , no earthlie fruites now here descended bee . See doo you see this face ? a face ? nay image of the skies , Of which the two life ▪ giuing lights are figured in her eyes . Heare you this soule-inuading voyce , and count it but a voice ? The verie essence of those tunes when Angels doo reioyce . 8. Son. Each day seemes long , and longs for long stayed night , The night as tedious wooes th' approach of day : Tyrde with the dustie toyles of busie day , Languisht with horrors of the silent night : Suffring the euills both of day and night , While no night is more darke than is my day , Nor no day hath lesse quiet than my night . With such bad mixture of my night and day : That liuing thus in blackest winter night , I seele the flames of hottest summers day . Torquatus Tass In Amynt . 22. Dafne . Cosi la gene prima , che gia visse Nel mondo ancora semplice & infante , Stimo dolce beuanda , è dolce cibo , L'acqua ; è le ghiande : Et hor l'acque è le ghiande , Sono cibo è beuanda d'animali . Poiche s'e posto e posto in vso il grano . è l'u●a . In Amynt . 84. A dio pastori , Piagge a dio: a dio selue : siumi , a dio. There , 67. Padre vecchio ▪ orbo Padre : achi , non piu Padre . Salust . 2. Semaine . Immortel & mortel Adam donques nasquit . Immortel il mourut , & mortel il vesquit , Car auant les effects de sa rebelle offence , Mourir & non mourir , estoient en sa puissan●e , Mais depuis qu'il osa de dieu l'ire encourir , Las , mourir il peut bien , mais non pas non mourir . Comme au contraire , apres sa seconde naissance Il aura seulement de non mourir puissance . 3. Semaine . Vigne qui cede autant à tout arbre en beaute , Comme tout arbre cede à la vigne en bontè . Boscan . 2. O coraçon que siempre has padecido dime tan fuerte mal , como es tan largo ? Y mal tan largo , di como es tan fuerte ?

Cap. 24. Of Paronomasia .

HEtherto of the repetition of sounds like . It followeth to speake of the repetition of sounds somwhat vnlike , as Paronomasia and Polyptoton . Paronomasia , Agnominatio , allusion , is when a word is changed in signification by changing of a letter or sillable .

Homer . Il. 2 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . 2 , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . 2 , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . 2 , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , 2 , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . 4 , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . E. Il. 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . I. Il. 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . 8. Od. 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . 15. Od. 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 ; 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . 16. Od. 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . V. 2. Geor. Auia tum resonant auibus virgulta canoris . 2. Aen. Fit via vi : rumpunt aditus . 4. Aen. Longa procul longis via diuidit inuia terris .

And ,

Quid struis ? aut qua spe Lybicis teris ocia terris ? 6. Aen. — quo non praestantior alter Aere ciere viros , Martemque accendere cantu .

And ,

— gemina super arbore sidunt Discolor vnde auriper ramos aura refulsit . And , — Fixit leges pretio , atque refixit . Elswhere , — Tauro Ioue digna , vel auro . Sir Philip Sydney 1.

Come shepheards weedes , become your masters minde .

2. Of Musidorus .

But , alas , what can saying make them beleeue , whom seeing cannot perswade ?

3 , But namelesse hee , for blamelesse he shal bee . And , Because in wrestling and in pastoral , He sarre did passe the rest of shepheards all . 3 , Those lampes of heauenly fire to fixed motion bound , The euer turning sphaeres , the neuer moouing ground . Torquat . Tass. 1. Giu ì decreti del ciel porta , & al cielo Riporta de' mortali i preghi e ' l zelo . 2. Nel profan loco , esù la sacra imago Susurrò poi le sue bestemmie il mago . In Amynta . — Syluia honor de le siluo . Salust . 1. Semaine . Voir les murs & les moeurs de maint estrange empire . 4. Car ie ne pense point que tous les elemens Peussent pour vn seul iour les fournir d'alimens . Iudith . 2. Qu'il est autant aisè de le vaincre parlarmes , Comme il est malaisè de le vaincre par armes . In the Triumph of faith .

La loi non par Platon , ains par Pluton ecrite .

2. Semaine . 1. De cruelles douleurs , qui tantost d'un lent pas , Tantost d'un pas hastè , nous guident au trespas . 2. Semaine 4. — Perde repos & repas . Boscan . 1. No me falta buen remedio en esta falta . Garcilass . Aeglog 2. — accompan̄ada De vn amor llanoy lleno de pureza .

Cap. 25. Of Polyptoton .

Polyptoton , often falling or declining of one word , is when as words of one ofspring haue diuers fallings or terminations .

Homer . Il. 1. 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . 2. 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . Ν. Il. 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . 6. Od. 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . Virg. 4. Aen. Littora littoribus contraria , fluctibus vndas Imprecor , arma armis . Hunc morem , hos cursus , atque haec certamina primus Ascanius , longam muris cum cingeret Albam , Rettulit . Sir Philip Sydney . 1. Thou art of blood , ioy not to make things bleed : Thou fearest death , thinke they are loth to dye . Torquat . Tass. 2. Olindo . Ahi tanto amò la non amante amata . 19. Moriua Argante : è tal moria , qual visse : Minacciaua morendo : e non lauguia . Superbi , formidabili , e feroci Gli vltimi moti fur , l'vltime voci . In Amynt . 20. In tanto io piu ridea del suo rossore , Ella piu s'arrossia del riso mio . Salust . 1. Semaine . L'immuable decret de la bouche diuine , Qui causera sa fin , causa son origine . 2. Sem. 3. of the fall of Adam . Esprit animètout , grand dieu , qui iustement Changè de pere en iuge , as fait ce changement , Change moy &c. Boscan . 1. Descubrio nueuos tormentos Para sentir nueua gloria . 2. Con esto me efforçè , si efforçarse se llama ser forçado : efforçando me pues , menos hiziera .

Before I leaue of to talk of these figures of woords , I will heere confusedlie insert a number of conceited verses , sith all their grace & delicacie proceedeth from the figures aforenamed . Theocritus hath expressed the forme of an egge , and an alter in verse , so hath Willy represented the figure of a swoard , and an old Abbot , the image of the crosse in verie laboured and intangled verses : but let them passe , and come we to such as are more plausible . Sir Philip Syd . 4 ; act . a double sestine . Strephon. Ye goteheard Gods that loue the grassie mountaines , Ye nymphes which hunt the springs in pleasant vallies , Ye Satyrs ioyed with free and quiet forrests , Vouchsafe your silent eares to playning musicke , Which to my woes giues still an earlie morning , And drawes the dolor on till wearie euening . Klaius . O Mercurie foregoer to the euening , O heauenlie huntresse of the sauage mountaines , O louelie starre entitled of the morning , While that my voyce doth fill these wofull valleis , Vouchsafe your silent eares to playning musicke , Which ost hath Eccho tried in secret forrests &c. So in the beginning of the same act . Since wayling is a bud of carefull sorowe . &c.

Spenser taketh the words one after another . Ye wastfull woods beare witnesse of my woe , Wherein my plaints did oftentimes resound : Ye careles birds are priuie to my cries , Which in your songs were wont to make a part . Thou pleasant Spring hast lulld me oft a sleepe , Whose streames my trickling teares did oft augment . Resort of people doth my griefe augment , The walled townes doo worke my greater woe : The Forrest wide is fitter to resound The hollowe Eccho of my carefull cries , I hate the house , since thence my loue did part , Whose wailfull want deterres mine eyes from sleepe , &c.

Petrarch hath nine sestines , or thereabout , one is fol. 421. Mia benigna fortuna , e'l viver liet● , I chiari giorni , è le tranquille notti , E i soaui sospiri , e'l dolce stile : Che solea risonar in versi , e'n rime , Volti subitamente in doglia , e'n pianto , Odiar vita mià mi fanno , è bramar morto . Crudele , acerba , inessorabil morte Cagion mi dai di mai non esser lieto : Ma di menar tutta mia vita in piant● , E i giorni oscuri , è le dogliose notti . I miei graui sospir non vanno in rime , E'l mio duro martir vince ogni stile , &c.

Sir Philip Sydney 1. hath a rime , wherein the last word of the first doth iumpe in sound with the middle word of the second , thus : Vp , vp , Philisides , let sorrowes goe , Who yeelds to woe , doth but increase his smart : Doo not thy heart to plaintfull custome bring , But let vs sing , &c. So Petrarch , fol. 153. Mai non vo piu cantar com' io soleua , Ch'altrui non m'intendeua , &c. And Garcilasso aeglog . 2. Filomena sospira en dolce canto , En amoroso llanto se amanzilla Gime la tortolilla sobre el elmo , &c.

Petrarch fol. 56. hath an odde kinde of rime vsed in Prouance , where continually he putteth six verses between euery rime , so that the first rimeth with the 8 , the second with the ninth , the third with the tenth , &c. thus : Verdi , panni , sanguigni , oscuri , ò Persi , &c.

Sir Philip Sydney 2. Philisides and Eccho . P. In what state was I then , when I tooke this deadly disease ? E. Ease . P. And what manner a mind , which had to that hu nor a vaine ? E. Vaine . And after . P. Then to an earnest loue , what dooth best victorie lende ? E. Ende . P. End ? but I can nere end : Loue will not giue mee the leaue . E. Leaue .

The like be in Erasmus his Dialogues , and Ouids Metamorphoses : such an one is that Semicaper Faunus cur ità clamat ? E amat . and. Participem vote me fore reris ? E. eris . &c.

In Willies Poems there bee diuers conceipted kindes of verses , some whereof resemble those olde ones , Qu an di tri mul pa os guis rus sti cedine uit H san mi Chri dul la

I had almost forgotten an other olde verse , inferior to none of the rest , it is this . Sacrum pingue dabo , nec macrum sacrificabo , Saith Cain , in an Hexameter ; which ( if you reade it backward ) will make Abels answer in a Pentameter , thus : Sacrificabo macrum , nec dabo pingue sacrum .

Sir Philip Sydney 3. Vertue , beautie , and speach , did strike , wound , charme , My bart , eyes , eares , with wonders , loue , delight . First , second , last , did bind , enforce , and arme , His works , shews , suites , with wit , grace , & vowes might . Thus Honour , liking , trust , much , faire , and deepe , Held , pearst , possest my iudgement , sence , and will , Till wrong , contempt , deceit , did grow , steale , creepe , Bands , fauour , faith , to breake , defile , and kill . Then griefe , vnkindnes , proofe , tooke , kindled , sought Well grounded , noble , due , spite , rage , disdaine . But ah alas in vaine , my mind , sight , thought Doth him , his face , his word , leaue , shunne , refraine . For nothing , time , nor place , can loose , quench , ease , Mine owne , embraced , sought , knot , fire , disease . And , The fire to see my wrongs , for anger burneth , The ayre in raine for my affliction weepeth , The sea to ebb for griefe his flowing turneth , The earth with pitie dull , the center keepeth . Fame is with wonder blazed , Time runnes away with sorowe , Place standeth still amazed , To see my night of ill that hath no morowe . Alas all onlie she no pitie taketh To knowe my miseries : but chast and cruell , My fall her glorie maketh , Yet still her eyes giue to my flames the fuell . Fire burne me quite , till sence of burning leaue me , Ayre let me draw no more thy breath in anguish , Sea , drownd in thee , of tedious life bereaue me , Earth take this earth wherein my spirits languish , Fame say I was not borne , Time hast my dying houre , Place see my graue vptorne : Fire , ayre , sea , earth , fame , time , place shew your powre . Alas from all their helps I am exiled : For hers am I , and death feares her displeasure , Fie death , thou art beguiled , Though I be hers , of me she makes no treasure .

These two bee aswell knowne , as their author is vnknowne . Pastor , arator , eques , paui , colui , superaui , Capras , rus , hostes , fronde , ligone , manu . In English , thus . A goteheard , plowman , knight , my goates , my fields , my foes , I fed , I tild , I kild , with bowes , with plowes , with blowes .

In French , thus . Pastre , laboureur , duc , i'ay peu , beschè , submis , De rams , de pies , de mains , cheures , champs , enemis . Or thus . Pasteur , rustic , guerrier , i'ay peu , beschè , mis bas , Cheures , champs , enemis , de fueille , haye , & bras .

Hadrian the Emperour of three Shepheards . Almo , Theon , Thyrsis nati sub monte Pelori Semine disparili , Laurente , Lacone , Sabina : Vite Sabina , Lacon sulco , sue cognita Laurens . Almo puer , pubesque Theon , & Thyrsis ephebus , Thyrsis oues , vitulos Theon egerat , Almo capellas . Canna Almo , Thyrsis stipula , Theon ore melodus . Nais amat Thyrsin , Glauce Almona , Nisa Theonem : Nisa rosas , Glauce violas , dat lilia Nais . The same of the battaile of the Amazons . Vt belli sonuêre tuba , violenta peremit Hippolyte Teuthranta , Lyce Clonon , Oebalon Alce , Oebalon ense , Clonon iaculo , Teuthranta sagitta . Oebalus ibat equo , curru Clonus , & pede Teuthras . Plus puero Teuthras , puer Oebalus , & Clonus Heros . Figitur ora Clonus , latus Oebalus , ilia Teuthras . Charus Epo Teuthras , Dorycle Clonus , Oebalus Ida , Argolicus Teuthras , Moesus Clonus , Oebalus Archas.

In imitation whereof , a countreyman of ours , in his sweete description of the Troyan warre , hath made diuers : among the rest I remember these three Stemona sternit Ion , Ionem proturbat Acontes , Mactat Aconta Pholus , Pholon Oebalus , Oebalon Astor , Astora Thyodamas , & Thyodamanta Lyceus .

Tamisier . De fer , de feu , de sang , Mars , Vulcan , Tysiphone Bastit , forgea , remplit , l'aime , le coeur , la maine , Du meurtrier , du tyran , du cruel inhumaine , Qui meurtrit , brusle & perde la Francoise couronne . D'un Scythe , d'un Cyelope , & d'un fier Lestrigone , Là cruautè , l'ardeur , & la sanglante faime Qui l'animè , l'eschauffe , & conduict son desseine Rien que fer , rien que feu , rien que sangue resone . Qu'il puisse par le fer cruellement mourir , Ou per le feu de ciel horriblement perir , Et voir du sang des siens la terre estre arrousee . Soit rouille , soit esteint , soit seche par la paix Le fer , le seu , le sang , cruel , ardent , espais Qui meurtrit , brusle , & perde la France diuisee . Remy Belleau . Vn berger , vn cheurier , & vn bouuier venus De Sicile , de Thebe ; & de Smyrne congneus Des prez , & des coustaus , & des loges champestres Des brebis , des cheureaux , des boeufs : les meilleurs maistres Du flageol , du rebec , & du cornet retors , Mouton , cheures , & boeufs gardoient dessus les bords D'Arethuse , d'Ismene , & du Phrygien Xanthe . L'un le hurt , l'un lex ieux , le tierce les combats chante Des beliers bien cornus , des follastres cheureaux , Des taureaux mugissans , l'honneur des pastoreaux , Des cheutiers , des bou●iers : Aussi sur touts les prise Pales , le dieu cheutier , & le pasteur d'Amphrise D'un chapelet de fleurs couronnant le premier , D'un branche de pin le second , le ternier D'un tortois de laurier . Mais Perot l'outrepasse Ce berger ; ce cheutier , & ce bouuier surpasse D'autant que les moutons , les boeufs , & les taureaux Les aigneaux , les cheureaux , & les ieunes bouueaux , Ou que les bleds , les monts , & les maisons royalles Les herhes , les coustaux , les cases pastoralles : Tant Perot flúste bien , fredonne , & sonne icy . Du flageol , du rebec , & du cornet auxi , Son Charlot , sou Amot , son Henriot , les maistres Des prez , & des coustaux , & des loges champestres . The same vpon the death of Signeur Bonniuet . La France , & le Piemont , & les cieux , & les arts , Les soldats , & le monde out fait comme six parts De ce grand Bonniuet , carvne si grande chose Dedans vn seul tombeau ne pouuoit estre inclose . La France en a le corps qu'elle auoit esheuè , Le Piemont à le coeur qu'il auoit esprouuè , Les cieux en out l'esprit , & les arts la memoire , Les soldats le regres , & le monde la gloire . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 Fit cignus , taurus , satyrúsque , aurúmque , ob amorem Europa , Laedes , Antiopae , Danaes . Spencer in his Fairie Queene . 2. booke . cant . 4. Wrath , iealousie , griefe , loue , doo thus expell : Wrath is a fire , and iealousie a weede , Griefe is a floud , and loue a monster fell : The fire of sparkes , the weede of little seede , The floud of drops , the monster filth did breed : But sparkes , seede , drops , and filth doo thus delay , The sparks soon quench , the springing seed outweed , The drops drie vp , and filth wipe cleane away . So shall wrath , iealosie , griefe , loue , die and decay .

There be some called Serpentina carmina , because they turne and winde themselues inorbem like a snake , and their only grace proceedeth from a Rhetoricall Epanalepsis : as those in Ouid ,

Vna dies Fabios ad bellum miserat omnes , Ad bellum missos perdidit vna dies . and Militat omnis amans & habet sua castra Cupido , Attice crede mihi , militat omnis amans . And these in Martiall , Phospore redde diem , quid gaudia nostra moraris ? Casare venturo , Phospore redde diem . And that in Virgil before , Multa super Priamo rogitans , super Hectore multa . Philelphus of Pope Pius . Laus tua , non tua fraus , virtus , non copia rerum Scandere te faciunt hoc decus eximtum . The words turned , ouerturne the sence , thus . Eximium decus hoc faciunt te scandere , rerum Copia , non virtus : fraus tua , non tua laus . The same in French by L'officiall de Langres . Bien faict , non dol , los , non faueur Fait te gaigner tresgrand honneur . Faueur , non los , dol , non bien fait . Honneur tresgrand gaigner te fait .

There bee certaine old verses that thus turned , retaine the same sence still , thus . Praecipiti modò quod decurrit tramite flumen , Tempore consumptum iam citò deficiet . Deficiet citò iam &c. And these , which you must take at the halfe turne , thus . Odit , amat , reprobat , probat , execratur , adorat , Crimina , iura , nefas , fas , simulachra , deum : Fas , simulachra , deum , probat , execratur , adorat : Odit , amat , reprobat , crimina , iura , nefas . Or thus . Crimina , iura , nefas , odit , amat , reprobas . Marot . Dieu des amans d'amour me garde , Me gardant donne moy bon heur , En me-bienheurant prens ta darde , En la prenant naure son coeur , En le naurant me tiendra seur , En seuretè suiuray laccointance , En laccointant ton seruiteur , En seruant aura iouissance . Ausonius . Res hominum fragiles alit , & regit , & perimit sors , Sors dubia , aeternumque labans , quam blanda fouit spes , Spes nullo finita auo , cui terminus est mors , Mors auida inferna mergit caligine quam nox , Nox obitura vicem reme auerit aurea cum lux , Lux dono concessa deûm , cui praeuius est sol , Sol cui nec furto veneris latet armipotens Mars , Mars nullo de patre satus , quem Thressa colit gens , Gens infraena virûm , quibus in scelus omne ruit fas , Fas hominem mact are sacris , ferus iste loci mos , Mos ferus audacis populi , quem nulla tenet lex , Lex naturali quam condidit imperio ius , Ius genitum pietate hominum , ius certa dei mens , Mens , quae caelesti sensu rigat emeritum cor , Cor vegetum , mundi instar habens , animae vigor ac vis , Vis tamen hac nulla est , verùm est iocus , & nihili Res. Of foure Popes . Paule , Leon , Iule , Clement On t mise nostre France en torment . Iules , Clement , Leon , & Paule On t pertroublè tout la Gaule . Paule , Clement , Leon , & Iules On t beaucoup gaignè par lour bulles . Iule , Clement , Paule , Leon On t fait des maux vn million .

He that made the booke called Pierce Plowman , maketh three or foure words in euerie line begin with the same letter , thus . In a sommer season , when set was the sunne , &c.

Who so desireth to see more of this kinde , let him reade Accords Bigarrures , and Scaligers books de arte Poetica , where he hath one verse , which he calleth Proteus , Perfide sperasti te diuos fallere Proteu ? Which may be turned to as manie fashions as euer was Proteus ; for as I remember , it is apparant by that which Scaliger there putteth down , that it may be varied threescore and ten times , keeping the selfe same words and sence .

Cap. 26. Of figures of sentences .

THis shal suffice to haue spoken of figures in words : now folow the figures in Sentences , which in the whole sentence expres some motion of the minde . These are more forcible & apt to perswade , than those of words , which be rather pleasant and fit to delight . Generallie , as in tropes there is a certaine grace , in figures of words a kinde of delicacie , so in these of sentences , appeareth force and maiestie .

Cap. 27. Of exclamation .

THese figures consist in simple speach alone , or in conferring and debating with others . In speaking alone , such as respect either the matter , or the person ; the matter , as Exclamation & Reuocation , or calling backe of ones selfe : Exclamation is expressed by some note of exclamation , either put downe , or vnderstood : an excellent instrument to stirre vp diuers affections , sometimes wonder and admiration . Homer . 3. Iliad . Priamus of Agamemnon . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . Virg. aeg . 3. O quoties , & qua nobis Galatea loquuta est ? Georg. 2. O fortunatos nimium , sua si bona norint , Agricolas . Sir Philip Sydney 3. Histor saith .

Lord , what by-words they speake , what spite they spit ?

Torquot . Tass. 1. O merauiglia , Amor , ch' à pena è nato , Già grande vola , è già trionfa armato . 7. — O viuo specchio Del valor prisco : intela nostra gente Miri , è ciascun n'apprenda , in te di Marte Splende l'honor , la disciplina , e'larte . Salust . 3. Que diray-ie de toy ô fontaine Sclauonne ? Que diray-ie de toy , ô source de Dodone ? Dont , l'vne ard les drapeaux , l'aultre , ô merueille ! estaint Le brondon allumé , & le r ' allume estaint . Boscan . 2. En qual parte d'el cielo , en qual planeta , Guardado fue tangrande nacimiento ? Qual estrella alcanço merecimiento , Para influir en cosa tan perfeta ? Que principio : que causa tan secreta , Pudo tener tan alto fundamento ?

Sometimes despaire . Homer . 1. Iliad . Thetis to Achilles . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 V. 2. Ae. Namque vt conspectu in medio turbatus inermis Constitit , atque oculis Phrygiae agmina circumspexit , Heu quae nunc tellus , inquit , quae me aequora possunt Excipere , aut quid i am misero mihi denique restat ? Cui neque apud Danaos vsquàm locus : insuper ipsi Dardantdae insesti poenas cum sanguine poscunt . Elswhere . Venit summa dies , & ineluctabile tempus Dardaniae . Fuimus Troes , fuit Ilium & ingens Gloria Dardanidûm . Ferus omnia Iupiter Argos Translulit , incensa Danai dominantur in vrbe . Againe , Heufugenate dea , teque his , ait , eripe flammis . Sat patriae Priamoque datum , si Pergama dextra Desendi possent , ettam hac desensa fuissent , Host is habet muros . And that , Heu nihil inuitit fas quenquam fidere diuis . Sir P. Syd 2. Gynecia exclaimeth .

But wretch that I am , my torment is beyond all succour , and my euill deseruing doth exceed my euil fortune . For nothing els did my husband take this strange resolution to liue solitarie : for nothing else haue the winds deliuered this strange guest to my countrey : for nothing els haue the destinies reserued my life to this time , but that onlie I , most wretched I , should become a plague to my selfe , and a shame to womankind .

Torquat . Tass. 4. Armida crieth out when Godfrey had spoken . Nulla speme piu resta : in van midoglio : Non hanpiù forza in human petto i preghi : Forse lece ilsperar ch'il mio cordoglio , Che te non mosse , il rio tyranno preghi ? Nè già te d'inclementia accusar voglio : Perch'il picciol soccorso à me si neghi : Mà il cielo accuso , ond'il mio mal discende . Ch' in te pietate inessorabil rende . Non tu , signor , ne tua bontade è tale : Mà il mio destino è , che me nega aita : Crudo destino : empio destin fatale Vccide homai quest ▪ odiosa vita : L'hauermi priua , ( ohime ) fù picciol male D'dolci padri in loro et a fiorita , Se non mi vedi ancor del regno priua ? Qual vittima al coltello , andar cattiua ? Salust . Iudith 6. Bagos exclaimeth , Holofernes being slaine . Malheur malheur sur nous : vne esclaue maudite En tuant Holoferne , a tuè l'exercite Donteur de l'vniuers . Iudith . 3. Las ! quel comfort nous reste ? ô ville miserable , L'enemi qui te ceint , t'est doux & pitoiable Les tiens te sont cruels : il te veut preseruer , Les tiens te veulent perdre : il tachce conseruer La vie de tes fis , & tes fis au contraire , Courant teste baissee à la mort volontaire . Boscan . 1. O vida llena de enoios , O mundo que vas assi : Que buen fuera para mi , Si yo no tuuiera oios Para vezos quando os vi .

Sometimes wishing . Homer 3. Iliad . Hector to Paris . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . Vir. aeg. 2. O tantum libeat mecum tibi sordida rurae , Atque humiles habitare casas , & figere ceruos . 8. Aen. O mihi praeteritos referat si Iupiter annos . Sir Philip Sydney . 2.

O Diana said Philoclea , I would , either the clowd that now hides the light of my vertue , would as easily passe away , as you will quickly ouercome this let ; or els that you were for euer thus darkned , to serue for a better excuse of my outragious folly

Torquat . Tass. 7. Godsr . of Raimondo . O pur hauessi frà l'etate acerba Dieci altri di valore al tuo simile : Come ardirei vincer Babel superba : E la croce spiegar da Battro à Tile . There Raimondo saith . O fuss io pur su'l mio vigor de gli anni : Qual sete voi , che qui , temendo chiusi Vi state . Salust . 5 Sem. of the Virgin and Eagle burnt together . O couple bien-heureux , sur vostre obscure tombe Tout-iour tout-iour le miel , toutiour la manne tombe : Tout-iour tout-iour vos-os soyent de Myrre couuers , Et tout-iour puissiez vous viure dedans mes vers . Boscan 3. of Hero. O si alcançasse , sospiraua elotro , Tenella por muger si quiera vn'hora , Y en sus braços me resoluiesse todo , Como al solnieue , ò como cera al fuego .

Sometimes indignation . Homer Il. 1. Achilles to Agamemnon . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , V. 1. Aen. Heu stirpem inuisam , & fatis contraria nostrie Fata Phrygûm . Sir Philip Syd 4. in Philisidis dreame of Venus and Diana . I would haue spoken out , but out they both did crie , Fie fie , what haue we done , vngodlie rebell , fie . Torquat . Tass. 9. Argillano . O vilfeccia del mondo : Arabi inerti Ond' è c' hortanto ardire invois alletti ? 8. Et non fulmina il cielo ? & non gl'inghiotte La terra entro La sua perpetua notte ? 6. Esce fuori gridando : anima vile , Ch'ancor ne le vittorie infame se● Qual titolo di laude alto , e gentile Da modi attendi si scortesi , e rei ? Frà i ladroni d'Arabia , ò frà simile Barbara turba anezzo esser tu dei : Fuggi la luce , e và con l'altre belue Ancrudelir ne' monti , e trà le selue . Salust . 6. Sem. of him that gaue his seruant to be deuoured of a Lyon. Canibal selon , Cyclope inexorable , Puis que tu veux combler de maux ce miserable , Et pourquoy l'ostes tu , ô Busire inhumain , Et pourquoy Lestrigon , l'ostes tu de ta main , Pour le liurer aux Ours , aux Onces , aux liones , Qui mile & mile fois moins que toy felonnes ? Iudith . 6. O gofiers affames ! ô entrailles profondes ! Tous les viures exquis de mile & mile mondes Songés par l' Abderois ne vous poutroint souler . Pour vous , ventres goulus , pour vousil faut aler , Aux Moluques chercher la fine epicerie , En Candie le vin , le sucre en Canarie , Il faut depeupler l'air , & le Phenix vnique Peut à peine eschaper votre dent famelique . Boscan . 2. Que estrella fue por donde ya cai en el mundo con tanta pesadumbre ? qual madre ya de vida me dio lumbre ? porque me'cho tan huerfano , y assi ? Quien primero holgò quando naci ? qual dolor me subiò tan en su cumbre ? que no halle remedio en la costumbre , yoy sienta mas lo qui ayer mas senti . Porque no mori en el vientre o en naciendo , porque me tomo nadie ensus rodillas , criando m'entre viuos no viuiendo ? Forçado es ya , que vaya descubriendo , entre mis enemigos mis manzillas , y vnos lloren , y otros esten riendo .

Sometime derision . See that which Patroclus spake in scorne of Cebrion falling dead from his chariot . Homer . Π. Iliad . in Ironia before . And that of Thersites in 2. Iliad . in Paronomasia before . Vir. aeg 8. O digno coniuncta viro. Aen 9 O verè Phrygia , nec enim Phryges , ite per alta Dyndima . Sir Phil. Syd . 2. Pas of his lasse Cosma , whom Nico would haue kissed .

Kisse her ? now maist thou kisse , &c.

Torquat . Tass. 7. that of Argante in Ironia , O gente inuitta , &c. Salust 1. Que vous estes , helas ! de honte & de foy vuides , Escriuains , qui couches dans vos Ephemerides , L'an , le mois , & leiour , qui clorront pour tousiours La porte de Saturne , aux ans , aux mois , auxiours ? Boscan . See that in Ironia , though no note of exclamation be there .

Sometimes protestation or obtestation . Homer . 1. Iliad . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . Ο. Iliad . Iuno . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . Virgil. 2. AEneid : of Sinon . Ille dolis instructus , & arte Pelasga Sustulit exutas vinclis ad sydera palmas , Vos aeterni ignes , & non violabile vestrum Testor numen , ait : vos ara ensesque nefandi Quos fugi , vittaeque deûm , quas hostia gessi , Fas mihi Graiorum sacrata resoluere iura : Fas odisse viros , atque omnia ferre sub auras Siqua tegunt : teneor patria nec legibus vllis . Sir Philip Sydney 2. Nico. O fauns , ô fayrees all , and doo you see And suffer such a wrong ? a wrong I trow , That Nico must with Pas compared bee . Torquat . Tass. 16. Armida to Rinaldo . O cielo , o dei , perche soffir questi empi ? Fulminar poi le torri , e i vostri Tempi . Salust . 1. ( O ciel qu'elle manie ) Boscan . 3. of Leander . Boluiendo al cielo sus cansadosoios , A los mayores dioses y menores , A todos inuoco congrandes ruegos , Y a Venus ya Neptuno mas que à todos , Conlagrimas diziendo estas palabras . O santa Venus que en la mar naciste . &c.

Sometimes griefe and miserie . Homer . 1. Iliad . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . Virg. Aeg. 1. Impius hac tam culta noualia miles habebis ? Barbarus has segetes ? en quò discordia ciues Perduxit miseros : en quess conseuimus agros . Sir Philip Syd . 1. Musidorus .

O miserable wretch , whether doo thy destinies guide thee ?

Torquat . Tass. 2. Olinda . Ahi tanto amo la non amante amata . Salust . 5. Semaine . He ! que ne vendrions nous , Pour fournir aux souhaits d'vne auarice extreme , Puis que pour vn peu d'or nous nous vendons nousmesmes ? Boscan . 1. O muger desconocida , O dolor , O perdimiento , Vuestromal conocimiento Me hai traido en esta vida , Que hora siento .

Sometimes pitie and commiseration . Homer Ρ. Iliad . Iupiter of Hector . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . Virgil. 1. Aeneid . Mercurie to Aeneas . — tu nunc Carthaginis altae Fundament a locas , pulchramque vxorius vrbem Extruis , heu regni , rerumque oblite tuarum . 2. Aeg. Eheu , quid volui misero mihi ? floribus austrum Perditus , & liquidis immisifontibus apros . Aeg. 1. Spem gregis , ah , silice in nuda connixa reliquit . 2 Aen. Hei mihi qualis erat , quantum mutatus ab illo Hectore , qui redit exuuias indutus Achillis . And , O patria , ô diuûm domus Ilium , & inclyta bello Maenia Dardanidûm . Sir Philip Sydney 2. Dorus.

Alas , excellent Mopsa , consider , that a vertuous Prince requires the life of his meanest subiect , and the heauenlie sunne disdaines not to giue light to the smallest worme .

Torquat . Tass. 12. Misero , di che gods ? ò quanto mesti Siano i trionfi , & infoelice ilvanto : Gli occhi tuoi pagheran ( s'in vitaresti ) Di quel sangue ogni stilla vn mar di pianto . Salust . 2. in the description of the flood . Plus il cerche la terre , & plus & plus , helas , Ill'a sent , effrayé , se perdre sous ses pas . Garcilass . 1. Aeglog . Ay quanto m' engannaua , ay quan diferente era , y quan de otra manera . &c.

Sometimes cursing . Homer . 1. Il. 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , &c. — 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . 3. 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . Virgilius 4. Aeneid . Sed mihi vel , tellus optem prius ima dehiscat , Vel pater omnipotens adigat me fulmine ad vmbras , Pallentes vmbras Erebi , noctémque profundam , Ante , pudor , quàm te violo , aut tua iura resoluo . 2. Aen. At tibi pro scelere , exclamat , pro talibus ausis , Dij , ( siqua est coelo pietas qua talia curet ) Persoluant grates dignas , &c. Sir Philip Syd . Pyrocles to Philoclea .

There is none here &c. but onlie the almightie powers , whom I inuoke to bee the triers of my innocencie . And if euer my thoughts did receiue so much as a faint in their true affection : if they haue not continuallie with more and more ardour , from time to time pursued the possession of your sweetest fauour : if euer in that possession they receiued either spot or fellowship , them let there most horrible plagues fall vpon me : let mine eyes be depriued of the light , which did abuse the heauenly beames that stroke them : let my falsified tongue serue to no vse , but to bemone mine owne wretchednes . Let my hart impoysoned with detestable treason , be the seate of infernall sorowe : let my soule with the endlesle anguish of his conscience , become his owne tormentor .

Torquat . Tass 4. Armida . Ahi che fiama dal cielo anzi in me scenda , Santa Honestà , ch'io le tue legge offenda . In Amynt . 46. O chiunque ti fosti , che insegnasti Primo a vender l'amor , sia maledetto Il tuo cener sepulto , e l'ossa fredde , E non si treus mai pastore , e nimfa Che lor dica passando , habbiate pace , Ma le bagni la pioggia , e moua il vento , E con pie immondo la gregia il calpestri , E'l peregrin . Salust . Iudith . 1. Plustost dessus mes piés , Terre , creuasse toi , Et dans ton sein ombreus Beaute , englouti moi : Plustost , ô iuste ciel , lance sur moi ce foudre , Dont tu mis courroucé , iadis Sodome en poudre : Que sous vn voile saint , ma malice sachant Ie donne aux fils d'Isac vn conseil si meschant . Garcilass . Aeg. 1. Salicius . O dios porque si quiera pues ves desde tu altura , esta falsa periura , causarla muerte d'un estrecho amigo , no recibe d'el cielo alcun castigo ?

Epiphonema is a kinde of exclamation when after the discourse ended , we adde some short acclamation , as a conclusion or shutting vp of all in wondring wise .

Homer 1. Iliad , when he had laid down the miseries of the Graecians , saith thus ; 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 .

Virgil when he had told the causes of Iunoes wrath against the Troyans , concludeth thus ; 1. Aeneid . Tantae molis erat Romanam condere gentem . When he had set foorth the natures , proprieties , &c. of horses . 3. Geor. he maketh vp all thus : Tantus amor laudum , tantae est vistoria cura . When hee had laide downe the industrious nature of the busie Bee , Georg. 4. he addeth , Tantus amor slorum & generandi copia mellis .

Sir Philip Sydney 3. when hee had expressed the heauie departure of Dorus from his friend Pirocles , endeth thus ; So much his owne heart did finde him faultie , to vnbend anie way the continuall vse of their deare friendship . 5. When he had manifested the inconstancie of the people , and setled perseuerance of Philanax & Euarchus , he addeth ; So euil ballanced be the extremities of popular mindes , and so much naturall imperiousnes there rests in a wel framed spirit .

Torquato Tasso 15. After the description of the diuers alterations & commutations of regions & kingdomes , he saith ; Tantò mutar può ●unga eta vetusta .

Salust . 1. Semaine . When he had taught that there was no vacuum by examples of water , howre glasses , Conduites , &c. he shuttteth vp all thus : Tant & tant à tous corps le vuide est odieux .

Garcilasso when he had expressed the transformation of Daphne , hee vseth this acclamation to make vp all ; O miserable estado , o mal tamanno , que conllorarla , crezca cada dia la causa y la razon porque lloraua .

Licence also & libertie of speach seemeth to be a certaine exclamation ; when in the presence of those to whome otherwise wee owe dutie and reuerence , wee speake boldly and confidently . For examples let these suffice till I call to minde better .

Homer . 1. Il Achilles to Agamemnon . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 : And that which there followeth . Virgil. 2. Aeneid . of Sinon . Ille haec deposit a tandem formidine fatur . Cuncta equidem tibi rex , fuerit quocunque fatebor , Veta , inquit , neque me Argolica de gente negabo . Hoc primum : neque si miserum fortuna Sinonem Finxit , vanum etiam mendacemque improba finget . Then. Eripui fateor laetho me , & vnicula rupi . &c. By and by . Nec tacui demens , & me , fo rs siqua tuisset , Promisi vltorem , & verbis odia aspera moui . After , Sed quid ego haec autem nequicquam ingrata reuoluo ? Quidue moror ? si omnes vno ordine habetis Achiuos Idque audire sat est , iamdudum sumite poenas , Hoc Ithacus velit , & magno mercentur Atride . Sir Philip Sydney . 5. Gynecia .

I therefore say to thee , ô iust Iudge , that I , and onlie , I , was the worker of Basilius death : they were these hands that gaue vnto him that poysonous potion , that hath brought death to him , and losse to Arcadia . It was I , and none but I , that hastned his aged yeares to an vnnaturall end , and that haue made all this people orphanes of their royal father : I am the subiect that haue killed my Prince : I am the wife that haue murdered my husband : I am a degenerate woman , an vndoer of this Countrey , a shame of my children . What couldest thou haue said more , ô Philanax ? and all this I graunt .

Torquat . Tass. 2. Sofronia . — ilreo si troua al tuo cospetto , Opra è il furto , signor , de questa mano , Io l'imagine tolsi , io son colei , Che tù ricerchi : e me punir tu dei . Salust . Iudith . 3. The Moabites to Holofer . Seigneur , ce n'est la peur , & moins l'extremitè , Ou nous voions reduite vn amie Cité , Qui nous fait ranuerser les emprises guerrieres . Car auant que quitter tes heureuses banieres , Pour toi nous deffirons tous les dieus immortels : Pour toi nous briserons leurs encenses autels : Pour toi nous franchirons le Pinot Antarctique , Et l' eternel glaçon de la contrée Arctique : Pour toi nos bras hardis entreprendont d'oter Letrident à Neptune , & l'aigle à Iupiter : Pour toile fis cruel n'esparguera le pere , Nile pere le fis , nile frere le trere . Boscan . 3. Leander to Her. Yo mismo sere el barco y el remero , Y siendo el lleuador , sere el lleuado . Y o rompere las ondas de Neptuno , Y mi proa porne contra los vientos De Eolo , y no me turbaran los phocas , Nime ternan las muy peynadas nimphas , Aunque Thetis alli venga con ellas , Mostrando los suspechos sobre l'agua : Ni aquellos con sus rostros monstruoses , Ni aquestas con sus hermosuras blandas Diuertirme podran de mi camino . No temere los montes de las aguas , Ni el bramido d'el mar embrauecido . &c.

Cap 28. Of Epanorthosis .

THe calling backe of a mans selfe followeth , when any thing is reuoked , and it is as it were , a cooling of that heate of exclamation whereof wee latelie spake . It is either Epanorthosis , or Aposiopesis : Epanorthosis correction , is , when any thing passed is called backe .

Homer . 1. Il , Agamemnon , when he had railed on Achilles . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , V. 2. Aen. Nec requieuit enim donec Chaloante ministre : Sed quid ego hac autem nequicquam ingrata reuoluo ? 3. Geor. Sed fugit interea , fungit irreparabile tempus , Singula dum capti circumuectamur amore . Sir Philip Sydney 2.

In the Countrey of Thessalia ( alas why name I that accursed Countrey , which brings forth nothing but matter for tragedies ? but name it I must ) in Thessalia I say there was ( well I may say there was ) a Prince : no , no Prince , whom bondage wholly possessed , but yet accompted a Prince and named Musidorus . O Musidorus , Musidorus ! But to what end serue exclamations , where there are no eares to receaue the sound ?

Torquat . Tass. Of Latino who saw his fiue sonnes slaine by Solyman Il padre ( ah non più padre ! ah fera sorte &c. Salust 2. Semaine . Hebrieu , non plus Hebrieu , ains semerice barbare , D'vn Lestrygon , d'vn Tur , d'vn Scytlie , d'vn Tartare , Dy moy , que pensoy tu , que pensoy tu voyant Ton temple menacè d'vne glaiue flamboyant ? Boscan 1. Mas para queme fatigo en escreuir mi tormento .

Cap. 29 Of Aposiopesis .

A Aposiopesis , Reticentia , concealing , is when the course of a speach begun is in such sortstaid , that some part thereof not vttred , is neuertheles perceiued .

Homer . 1. Iliad . Achilles saith . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . Virgill . Aen. 1. Neptune . I am coelum terrámque meo sine numine venti Miscere , & tantas audet is tollere moles ? Quos ego : sed praestat motos componere fluctus . Aeglog 3. Dametas . Nouimus & qui te , transuersa tuentibus hircis Et quo , sed faciles nympha risere sacello . There Menal. Cantando tu illum ? aut vnquam tibi fistula cera Iuncta fuit ? 5. Aen. Mnestheus , Non i am prima peto Mnestheus , neque vincere certo : ( Quanquam ô , ) sed superent quibus hoc Neptune dedisti . 9. Nisus , Me me , adsum quifeci , in me conuertite ferrum O Rutuli ! mea fraus omnis , nihil iste nec ausus , Nec potuit . Sir Philip Sydney . 2. Nico. And if I better sing , let me thy Cosma kisse . Pas answereth . Kisse her ? now maist thou kisse . 47. Sonet . Vertue awake , beautie but beautie is , I may , I must , I can , I will , I doo Leaue folowing that , which it is gaine to misse . Let her doo : soft , but here she comes : goe too Vnkind I loue you not . ô me , that eye Doth make my heart giue to my tongue thelye .

Cap. 30. Of Apostrophe .

THus much of Epanorthosis and Aposiopesis which respect the matter : now follow Apostrophe & Prosopopoia which touch the person . Apostrophe turning away , is when the speach is turned to some such person to whom it was not first prepared , sometimes the turning is to men .

Homer . Il. 2. Thersites turneth his tale from Agamemnon to the Gracians . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . Virg. En. 2. mdash ; Nec te tua plurima Panthu Labentem pietas , nec Apollinis infula texit . Aen. 4. Quis tibi tune , Dido , cernentitalia , sensus ? Quosue dabas gemitus ? Aen. 6. Eruet ille Argos , Agamemnoniasque Mycaenas , Ipsumque Aeaciden , genus armipotentis Achilli , Vltus auos Troia , templa & temerata Minerua . Quis te , Magne Cato , tacitum : aut te , , Cósse , relinquat ? Quis Gracchi genus , aut geminoi , duo fulmina belli , Scipiadas , cladem Lybiae ? paruoque potentem Fabritium ? vel te sulco , Serrane , serentem ? Quo fessum rapitis Fabij ? tu Maximus ille es Vnus , qui nobis cunctando rostitues rem . Sir Philip Sydney S. Philanax .

But now my speach must be directed to you , good Master Dorus , who with Pallas helpe pardy , are latelie growne Palladius .

Torquat . Tass. 1. in the catalog of the Captaines . Oue voi me , di numerar già lasso , Gildippe , & Odoardo amanti , esposi Rapite ? ô ne la guerra anco consorti , Non sarete disgiunti , anchor che morti . Salust . 1. Semaine . Prophane , qui t'enquiers , quel important affaire Peut l'esprit & les mains de ce dieu solitaire Occuper si long temps . Elsewhere , Camposez hardiment , ô sages grecs , les cieux . &c.

Sometimes from men , to Gods. Homer . 2. Iliad . Agamemnon , from Nestor to Iupiter . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , &c. Virgil 1. Georg. Dij patrij Indigetes , & Romule , Vestáque mater Quae Tuscum Tiberim , & Romana palatia seruas , Hunc saltem euerso iuuenem succurrere saeclo Ne prohibete : satis iampridem sanguine nostro Laomedonteae luimus periuria Troiae . Sir Philip Sydney 3. Dicus . Pan , father Pan , the god of silly sheepe , Whose care is cause that they in number growe : Haue much more care of them that them doo keepe , Since from their good , the others good doth flow . Torquato Tasso 11. Te , Genitor : te figlio eguale al paare , E te , che d'ambo vniti , amando spiri : E te d'huomo , é de dio , vergine è madre , Inuocano propitia à i lor desiri , &c. Salust . 1. Semaine . C'est alors , c'est alors , ô dieu que ton fils cher Qui semble estre affublè d'vne fragile chair . Descendra glorieux des voutes estoilees , &c. Boscan 2. O poder eternal y sober ano quien sanara con propria diligencia , sila salud no datu largo mano .

In Apostrophes are contained poëticall inuocations . Homer . 1. Iliad . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . Virgil. 1. Aeneid . Musa mihi causas memora , quo numine laeso , Quidue doleus regina deûm , tot voluere casus Insignem pietate virum , tot adire labores Impulerit ? tantae ne animis caelestibus irae ? 1. Geor. — vos ô clarissima mundi Lumina , labentem calo qui ducitis annum , Liber , & alma Ceres — 4. Geor. Quis deus hanc ; Musa , quis nobis extudit artem ? &c. Sir Philip Sydney . 1. Dorus. O Muse historifie Her praise , whose praise to learne your skill hath framed mee . Torquat . Tass. 4. Mà di tu Musa , come i primi danni Mandassero à Christiani , & di quai parti : Tu'l sai , & di tant opra à noi si lunge Debil aura di fama à pena giunge . Salust . 1. Semaine . Mais ô Muse , di-moy quels sont tousces oiseaux , Qui quittent , pour voler , les iongs , & les roseaux ? Boscan . 3. O polimnia agora el tiempo pide , que te buelua a pedir algun socorro conque des a mi canto vn nueuo aliento .

Sometimes to a dumb and senselesse creature , sometimes to brute beasts . Homer . 24. Iliad . bringeth in Andromache speaking to the dead corps of Hector . Virgil. Aeglog . 2. Et vos ô lauri carpam , & te , proxima Myrte : Sic positae quoniam suaues miscetis odores . 1. aeg . Ite meae , foelix quondam pecus , ite capellae , Non ego vos post hac , &c. Sir Philip Sydney . 2.

Alas poore Lute , how much thou art deceiued , to thinke that in my miseries , thou could est case my woes , as in my careles times , thou wert wont to please my fancies .

Torquat . Tass. where Clorinda and Tancred fought in the night . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 profondo , oscure seno 〈◊〉 , e ●…d ' oblio fatto si grande : 〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉 ●…'l tragga : e'n bel ser●… 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 spieghi , e mande : 〈◊〉〈◊〉 lor●… , etrà lor glaria Spl●…da del 〈◊〉 alta memoria . 〈◊〉 . 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in 〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉 del 〈◊〉 care 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 sparso , e nobilossae . &c. 12. Argante . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , che prometta 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 ●…cielo : e se'nciò manco : 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 capo , io la vendett●… 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 homicida France . Salust . Hebd . 3. Semaine . 〈◊〉〈◊〉 , ô terre , ô terre portegrains , Porte-or , porte-santè , porte-habite , porte-humaine . &c. Boscan . 2. Cancion si de muy largate culparen , Responde les que sufran con paciencia , Que vngran dolor à todo dalicencia .

Sometimes this figure is vsed in the verie beginning of a speach ; but not oft : as by Tullie , where he turneth from the Senators , and exclaimeth against Catilines insolencie . How long Catiline , &c.

Cap. 31. Of Prosopopoia .

PRosopopoia is a fayning of any person , when in our speach we represent the person of anie , and make it speake as though he were there present : an excellent figure , much vsed of Poets , wherein wee must diligentlie take heede , that the person thus represented haue a speach fit and conuenient for his estate and nature . A Prosopopoia is either perfect , or imperfect : imperfect , when the speach of some other person is but brought in by the way and lightlie and sleightlie represented . V. Aeg. 6. Cum canerem réges & praelia , Cynthius aurem Vellit , & admonuit : pastorem , Tityre , pingues Pascere oportet oues , deductum dicere carmen . Sir Philip Sydney of Dametas .

At length , staying , hee came a little neerer her againe , but still without the compasse of blowes , holding one leg as it were readie to runne away ; & then fell to scolding and rayling , swearing , it was but a litle bashfulnesse in him , that had made him goe backe , and that if she stayed anie longer , he would make her see , his bloud came out of the eldest shepheards house in that Countrey .

The perfect Prosopopoeia is , when the whole speach of anie person is fully and liuely represented ; wherin we must make both a fit and orderly accesse too , and regresse from the same Prosopopoeia . Homer 2. Iliad . describeth Thersites excellently , and there giueth him a fit speach for such a personage .

So he maketh Patroclus appeare in sleep to Achilles . 5. Iliad .

So 1. Iliad . Patroclus bringeth in Peleus Achilles father , speaking thus . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 .

This is as it were the preparation ; the speach of Peleus followeth . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 .

This is the Prosopopoeia of Peleus , which is thus left off ; 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 .

Virgil. Aeneid . 1. Of Aeneas . — & dictis moerentia pectora mulcet . O socij ( neque enim ignari sumus antemalorum ) O passi grauiora ! dabit Deus his quoque finem . Vos & Scyllaeam rabiem , penitusque sonantes Accestis scopulos : vos & Cyclopea saxa Experti : reuocate animos , moestùmque timorem Mittite : forsan & haec olim meminisse iuuabit . Per varios casus , per tot discrimina rerum Tendimus in Latium , sedes vbi fata quietas Ostendunt : illie fas regna resurgere Troiae : Durate , & vosinet rebus seruate secundis . Talia voce refert , curisque ingentibus ager , Spem vultu simulat , premit altum corde dolorem . So of Achemenides 3. Aeneid . Cùm subitò è syluis , macie confecta suprema Ignoti noua forma viri , miserandáque cultu Procedit , suppléxque manus ad littora tendit . Respicimus : dira illuuies , immissaque barba , Consertum tegimen spinis : at caetera Graius , Et quondam patrijs ad Troiam missus in armis . Isque vbi Dardanios habitus & Troia vidit Arma procul : paulùm aspectu conterritus haesit , Continuitque gradum : mox sese ad littora praeceps Cum fletu , precibúsque tulit . Per sidera testor , Per superos , atque hoc coeli spirabile lumen , Tollite me Teucri , quascunque abducite terras . Hoc sat erit . Scio me Danais è classibus vnum , Et bello Iliacos fateor perijsse penates : Pro quo , sisceleria tanta est iniuria nostra , Spargite me influctus , vastóque immergite ponto . Si pereo , hominum manibus perijsse iuuabit . Dixerat , & genua amplexus genibisque volutans Harebat . Sir Philip Sydney 1. Of Musidorus clad in shepheards weedes .

She might percetue a farre off one comming towards her in the apparaile of a shepheard , with his armes hanging down , going a kinde of languishing pace , with his eyes sometimes cast vp to heauen , as though his fancie straue to mount vp higher ; somtimes thrown down to the ground , as if the earth could not beare the burden of his paines : at length she heard him with a lamentable tune sing these few verses :

Come shepheards weedes , become your masters mind , Yeeld outward shew , what inward change he tries , Nor be abasht , since such a guest you find , Whose strongest hope in your weake comfort lies . Come shepheards weeds , attend my wofull cries , Disuse your selues from sweet Menalcaes voyce , For other be those tunes which sorowe ties , From those cleare notes which freelie may reioyce . Then powre out plaints , and in one word say this , Helples his plaint who spoyles himselfe of blisse .

And hauing ended , she might see him strike himselfe vppon the breast , vttering these words . O miserable wretch , whether doothy destinies guide thee ?

Torquat . Tass. 3. Godfrey to his Souldiers . Il saggio Capitan , che l'ardimento Solite loro , in essi hor non comprende : Cerca con lieto volto , è conparole Come gli rassicuri , è riconsole . O per mille perigli , è mille affanni Meco passati in quelle parti , e'n queste , Campion di Dio , ch'à ristorare i danni De la Christiana sua fede nasceste , Voi , che l'arme di Persia , è i Greci ing anni E i monti , è i mari , el verno , è le tempeste , De la fame i disagi , & de la sete Superaste : voi dunque hora temete ? Dunque il signor , che m'indirizza , è moue Già conosciuto in caso assai più ●io , Non v'assicura ? quasi hor volga altroue La man de la clementia , e'lguardo pio . Tosto vn difia , che rimembrar vi gious Gli scorsi affanni , è sciorre i voti à dio. Hor durate magnanimi , è voi stessi Serbate , prego , 〈◊〉 i prosperi successi . Con queste detti le smarxite menti Consola , è con sereno è lieto aspetto : Mà preme mille cure egro è dolenti Altamente riposte in mezz' alpetto . Salust . Iudith . 2 , God to Moses . Vniour que cet Hebrieu sur Oreb menoit paitre Les laineuses brebis de son beau pere Ietre , Il voit , tout effraié comme vn rougeatre feu Sans amorce s'espend en vn halier toufu : D'où sort auec grand bruit vne telle parole Qui soudain fait trembler & la terre & le polo. Iesuis cil qui seul est , seul fut , & seul sera : Cil qui de rien fit tout , & qui fort reduira S'il veut , le tout en tien . Iesuis le grand , le iuste , Le beau , le bon , le saint , dont la dextre robuste Balance l'vniuers . Iesuis le tout-puissant , Qu' Abram seul adoroit : qui d'vn fleau puissant Destrui mes enemis , & qui benin , fa grace A ceux qui m'ont pour Dieu voire à toute leur race . Si doncques mon vouloir . Va-ten , despeche toi , Fai scauoir de ma part à ce profane roy , Qui tient les tours de Memphe , & la grasse campagne , Que le Nil debordé de son flot riche bagne , Qu'il assranchisse Isac . Et de peur que le roy Incredule ne mettent en doute ton enuoy , Ieveus que sur les fleurs ta houlette alongee , Pour confirmer ta charge , en serpent soit changee . Boscan . 3. of Hero. Ella mouida entonces con mas san̄a , Nise dexolleuar por donde el quiso , Nisobre el manto le sufrio la mano , Mas buelta sobre si congraue gesto , Semeiantes palabras d'estas dizo : O hombre que veniste por mal tuyo A este templo , a des lustrar mi houra , Sin entender quan gran locura emprendes . No sabes tu que soy sierua de Venus , Y virgin , y por virgen que la siruo ? No sabes tulos hombres de mi sangre Que ti castigaran , si saben esto ? Y no sabes tambien que estoy criada Engrande encerramiento con mis padres ? Y que nunca salit querer llegar Allecho virginal , es cosa dura : Vete y iamas parezcas do estuuiere . Esto dicho callà como vencida , Conlagrimas venidas à los oyos Pero bueltas atras luego en vn punto .

By this figure wee sometimes make dumme and senceles things speake .

So Homer . Τ. Iliad . makes Xanthus Achilles horse speake . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , &c. And endeth thus . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 Virgil. 3. Aeneid . maketh the Images of the Troian Godds appeare to Aeneas in sleepe , expounding the Oracles , instructing him in his way , &c. And there , the chief of the Harpies , Celeno speaketh thus . Vna in praecelsa consedit rupe Celeno , Infoelix vates , rupitque hanc pectore vocem . Bellum etiam pro caede boum , stratisque iuuencis , Laomedontiadae , bellumne inferre paratis ? Et patrio insontes Harpyas pellere regno ? Accipite ergo animis , atque haec mea figite dicta . Quae Phaebe pater omnipotens , mihi Phaebus Apollo Praedixit , vobis furiarum ego maxima pando . Italiam cursu petitis , ventisque vocatis Ibitis Italianm portusque intrare licebit : Sed non ante datam cangetis maenibus vrbem , Quàm vos dira fames , nostraque iniuria caedis Ambesas subigat malis absumere mensas . Dixit & in syluas pennis ablata refugit . Sir Philip Sydney 5. Philanax to Euarchus .

And giue me leaue , excellent Euarchus , to say it , I am but the representer of all the late florishing Arcadia , which now with mine eyes doth weepe , with my tongue doth complaine , with my knees doth lay it selfe at your feete , which neuer haue bin vnreadie to carie you to the vertuous protecting of innocents . Imagine , vouchsafe to imagine , most wise & good King , that here is before your eyes the pitifull spectacle of a most dolorous ending tragedie . Wherein I doo but play the part of al this now miserable prouince , which being spoyled of her guide , doth lie like a shipp without a Pilote , tumbling vp and downe in the vncertaine waues , till it either runne it selfe vpon the rocke of selfe diuision , or bee ouerthrowne by the stormie windes of forraine force . Arcadia finding her selfe in these desolate termes , doth speake , and I speake for her , to thee not vainlie puissant Prince . That since now she is not onlie robbed of the naturall support of her Lord , but so sodainlie robbed , that she hath not breathing time , to stand for her safetie : so vnfortunatelie , that it dooth appale her minde though shee had leisure , and so mischieuouslie , that it doth exceed both the sodaines and vnfortunatenes of it : thou wilt bend thine armes vnto her , and as a man , take compassion of mankind : as a vertuous man , chastice most abominable vice ; and as a Prince protect a people . &c.

Torquat . Tass. 20. Emiren to the Souldiers . Credi , dicea , che la tua patria spieghi Per la mia lingua , in tai parole , i preghi . Guarda tù le mie leggi , e i sacri tempi : Fà , che io del sangue mio , non bagni , e laui , Assicura le vergini da gli empi , E i sepolcri , e le cineri de gli aui . A te , piaigendo i lor passati tempi , Mostran la bianca chioma i vecchi graui , A te la moglie le mammelle , e'l petto : Le cune , e i faghi , e'l marital suo letto . 16. He makes the Parrat to speak . Volafràgli altrivu , che le piume hà sparte Di color vari : & è purpureo il rostro : E lingua suoda in guisa varia : e parte La voce si , ch' assembra il sermon nostro . Quest'iui alhor continuo con arte Tanta il parlar che fà mirabil mostro . Taequero gli altri ad ascoltarlo intenti : Efermaro i susurri in aria i venti . Deh mira , egli canto , spuntar la rosa Dal verde suo : modesta , e verginella , Che mezzo aperta ancora , e mezzo ascosa : Quanto si mostra men , tant' è piu bella , Ecco poi nudo ilsen già baldanzosa Dispiega . Ecco poi langue : e non par quella : Quella non par , che desiata innanti Fu da mille donzelli , e mille amanti . Cest trapassa , al trapassar d'un giorno , Da la vita mortale il fiore , e'l verde , Ne perche faccia indietro Aprilritorno : Si rinfiora ella mai , ne si rinuerde . Cogliam la rosa in su'l mattino adorno Di questo di , che tosto il seren perde : Cogliam d' amor la rosa : amiamo hor quando Esser si puote riamato amando . Tacque : e concorde de gli augelli il choro Quasi approuando . Salust . 2. Semaine . That of the Serpent . Ingress . Le dragon pur forcer l'humaine forteresse , &c. The Speach . Eue second honneur de ce grand vniuers , &c. Regress . Auec l'ayr de ces mots l'infidele viper Souffle vn air venemeux au sein de nostre mere , &c. 2. Semaine . 6. Of God seeing the tower of Babel . Ingress . Quoy voyant l'eternel , &c. Speach . Voyez , dit il , ices nains , voyez ceste racaillè , &c. Regress . Celadit , tout soudain sespand confusement , Vn ie ne scay quel brust par tout le bastement .

Cap. 32. Of Addubitation .

TThe conference or debating followeth , and it is either in asking , or in answering . In asking be conteined deliberation , and occupation , or preuenting and meeting with an obiection . Deliberation is , when we aske and enquire in consultation wise : then when wee haue thus for a while helde the auditors in suspence , we determine of some what eyther more or lesse contrarie to their expectation . Deliberation is either in Addubitation , or communication . Addubitation or doubting is a kinde of deliberation with our selues .

Homer χ. Iliad Hector . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . And so forward , for it is all excellent and conteineth thirtie linei more . Virgil. Aeneid . 4 Dido . Sic adeò insistit , secémque ita corde volutat . En quid agam ? rursúsne precos irrisa priores Experiar , Nomadúmque petam connubia supplex Quos ego sum toties iam dedignat a maritos ? Iliacas igitur classes , atque vltima Teucrûm Iussa sequar , quia me auxilio iuuat ante leuatos , Et benè apud memores veteris stat gratia facti ? Quis me autem , fac velle , sinet , ratibúsque superbis Irrisam accipiet ? nescis , heu perdita , necdum Laomedontea sentis periúria gentis . Quid tum ? sola fuga nautas comitabor ouantes ? An Tyrijs , omnique manu stipata meorum Insequar ? & quos Sydonia vix vrbe reuelli , Rursus agam pelago , & ventis dare vela iubebo ? Quin morere , vt merita ei , ferróque auerte dolorem . Sir Philip Sydney . 2. Gynecia .

Yet if my desire , how vniust soeuer it be , might take effect , though a thousand deaths followed it , and euerie death followed with a thousand shames , yet should not my sepulchre receiue mee without some contentment . But , alas , sure I am not , that Cleophila is such as can aunswere my loue : and if she be , how can I thinke shee ▪ will ? since this disguising must needes come for some foretaken conceipt . And either way , wretched Gynecia , where canst thou finde anie smal gtound-plot for hope to dwell vpon ? No , no , it is Philoclea his heart is set vpon , if hee bee a hee , it is my daughter which I haue borne to supplant me . But if it bee so ; the life I haue giuen thee , vnnaturall Philoclea , I will sooner with these hands bereaue thee of ▪ than my birth shall glorie she hath bereaued mee of my desires . In shame there is no comfort , but to be beyond all bounds of shame .

Torquat . Tass. 4. Armida . Che , poiche legge d'honestate e zelo Non vuol , che quì si lungamente indugi ? A cui ricorro intànto ? oue mi celo ? O quai contra'l tiranno haurò rifugi ? Nessun loco si chiuso è sot'il cielo Ch'à l'or nons'apra : horperche tanti indugi ? Veggio là morte , & silfuggir è vano , Incontr'à lei n'andro con questa mano .

In 16. is a singular addubitation of Armida when Rinaldo fled .

And in 22. another of Tancrede , when he perceiued that he had slaine Clorinda .

Salust , that of Iudith is most excellent , Iudith . 6. Iudit , c'est à ce coup ( dit elle ) que ton bras Doit deliurer Iacob : Mais non , ne le fai pas . Si , faile : mais non sai : voi laisse cete crainte . Tu veus donc profaner l'hospitalité sainte ? Cen' est la profaner , plus sainte elle sera , Quand par elle ma main les sains garantira . Mais sans honte iamais le traitre ne peut viure . Traitre est ceil qui trahit , non qui ses murs deliure . Mais contre les meurtriers le ciel est irrité . Tout homme qui meurtrit n'est meurtrier reputé . He ▪ n'est il pas meurtrier cil qui meurtrit son Prince ! Holoferne est tyran , non roy de ma prouince . Mais quoi ? dieu maintenant le nous done pour roy . Celui n'est point de dieu , qui guerroie sa loi . Tons peuuent etre donc des tyrans homicides ? Iahel , Aho , Ichu furent Tyrannicides . Voire , mais il leur fut commande du seigneur . D'vne pareille loi le sen sorcer mon coeur . Las ! pour saire vn tel coup , ton brace à peu de force . Assés fort est celui qui l'Eternel renforce . Mais aiant fait le coup , qui te garentira ? Dieu m'à conduite ici , Dieu me ramenera . Que si dieu te deliure es mains des infideles ? Mortle Duc ie ne crain les mors les plus crueles . Mais quoi ? tu souleras leur impudicité ? Mon cors peut etre à eus , mais non ma volontê . Boscan . 3. Leander . O flaco coraçon despuestes que osaste , Emprender la masalta y peligrosa Empresa , que iamasse haya emprendido : No osaste tu mirar Hero en el templo ? No osaste tener euenta consus oios ? No osaste declarar te por su sieruo ? No osaste de recebir la merced grande , Que su valer te hizo en admitirte ? No osaste en fin tan alto leuantarte , Que pudiste alcanzar merecimiento , De ser en breue tiempo su marido . Pues si esto osaste que ay que osar agora : Temes quiça d'el mar lasbrauas ondas ? No temes mas aina el fuego ardiente , Que abrasando t'esta dentro en tu alma ? Implacable es la mar , pero impacable Es mas el fuerte amor que en ti esta ardiendo . Confia coraçon de l' alta Venus , Pues que en la mar nacio , y en ella reyna , Que se hizo el effuerço , que tenias , Quando muy en tu seso alla en el templo ? Dezias à tu Hero mansamente : Yo rompere las ondas de Neptuno , Y la proa porne contra los vientos De Eolo ? mas fue entonces prometello Visto el lugar ado lo prometiste , Qu' es agora cumplir lo prometido . Mira do està tu lumbre a la ventana , Centelleando assi tan viuamente , Que en su centellear muestra lla marte . Espera te tu gozo , y tu te tardas ? Tu mayor bien te aguarda , y tu no buelas ? O coraçon tu estas alla en tu cuerpo , No me detengas mas aca este mio , Recogete en tu fuego , y passa l' agua , Salta en la mar , ten oio à la tu lumbre , Ella te lleuara por do quisieres , Sin que llegues tus plantas à las ondas , Hasta dexarte puesto entre los braços , De aquella para quien naci en el mundo .

And that of Albanio , Aeg. 2. in Garcilasso .

Cap. 33. Of Communication .

COmmunication is a consultation , or deliberation with others . Some such thing is in , 2. Il. in Thersites his speach . Virg. 4. Aen. Anna refert : ó luce magis dilecta sorori , Solane perpetua maerens carpère iuuenta ? Nec dulces natos , Veneris nec praemia noris ? Id cinerem , aut manes credis curare sepultos ? Estò , aegram nulli quondam flexêre mariti , Non Lybiae , non ante Tyro despectus Iarbas , Ductoresque alij , quos Africa terra triumphis Diues alit : placitóne etiam pugnabis amori ? Nec venit in mentem quorum consederis aruis ? Hinc Getulae vrbes genus insuperabile bello , Et Numidae infraeni cingunt , & inhospita Syrtis : Hinc deserta siti regio , lateque furentes Barcaei : Quid bella Tyro surgentia dicam , Germaníque minas ? Dijs equidem auspicibus reor , & Iunone secunda , Huc cursum Iliacas vento tenuisse carinas . Quam tu vrbem soror hanc cernes , quae surgere regna Coniugio tali ? Teucrûm comitantibus armis Punica se quantis attollet gloria rebus ? Tu modò posce deos veniam , sacrisque litatis , Indulge hospitio , causasque innecte morandi , Dum pelago desaeuit hyems , & aquosus Orion , Quassataeque rates , & non tractabile caelum . Sir Philip Sydney . 2. Philoclea .

Alas how painfull a thing it is to a diuided minde , to make a well ioyned aunswere ? how hard it is to bring inward shame to outward confession ? and how foolish , trow you , must that answere bee , which is made , one knowes not to whom ? Shall I say , ô Cleophila ? alas your words be against it : shal I say prince Pirocles ? wretch that I am , your shew is manifest against it . But this , this , I well may say , if I had continued , as I ought , Philoclea , you had either euer been , or neuer been Cleophila . You had either neuer attempted this change , fed with hope , or neuer discouered it , stopt with dispaire . But I feare me , my behauiour ill gouerned , gaue you the first comfort ; I feare me my affection ill led , hath giuen you this last assurance . If my Castle had not seemed weake , you would neuer haue brought these disguised forces . No , no , I haue betraied my self , it was well seene I was glad to yeeld , before I was assaulted . Alas , what then shall I doo ? shal I seeke farre fetched inuentions ? shall I seeke to lay colours ouer my decaied thoughts , or rather , though the purenes of my virgin mind be stained , let me keep the true simplicitie of my word . True it is , alas , too true it is , ô Cleophila , for so I loue to call thee , since in that name my loue first began , and in the shade of that name , my loue shall best bee hidden ; that euen while so thou wert ( what eye bewitched me I knowe not ) my passions were farre fitter to desire than to be desired . Shall I say then , I am sorie ? or that my loue must be turned to hate , since thou art turned to Pirocles ? how may that well be , since when thou wert Cleophila , the despaire thou mightest not bee thus , did then most torment me ? Thou hast then the victorie , vse it now with vertue : since from the stepps of vertue , my soule is witnes to it selfe , it neuer hath : and pledge to it selfe , it neuer shall decline . No way to make me leaue to loue thee , but by making me think thy loue vnworthie of me .

Torquat . Tass. 2. Olindo . Come i ministri al duro officio intenti Vide , precipitoso vrtò le genti . Alrègrido : non è , non è già rea Costei del furto , e per follia se'n vanta : Non pensò , non ardi , ne far potea Donna sola , e ' nesperta opra cotanta . Come ingannò i custodi ? ò , de la dea Con qual arte inuolo l' imagin santa ? S'il fece , il narri : io l' ho signor , furata , Ahi tanto amo la non amante amata . &c. Salust . Heb. 1. Semaine . Prophane quit' enquiers , quel important affaire Peut l'esprit & les mains de ce dieu solitaire Occuper si long temps ? quels souci l' exerça Durant l'eternité qui ce tout deuança : Veu qu' à si grand puissance , à si haute sagesse Rien ne sied point si mal qu' vne morne paresse ? Sache , o blasphemateur , qu' auant c'est vniuers Dieu bastissoit l'Enfer , pour punier-ces peruers Dont le sens orguilleus en iugemens appelle Pour censurer ses faits , la sagesse eternelle . Quoy ? sans bois pour vn temps viura le charpentier , Le tisserau sains toile , & sans pot le potier : Et l' ouuner des ouuriers , tout puissant & tout sage Ne pourra subsister sans ce fragilè ouurage ? Quoy ? le preux Scipion pourra dira à son droit Qu'il n'est iamais moins seul , que quand seul il se voit : Et dieu ne pourra point ( ô ciel qu'elle manie ) Viure qu'en lougaron , s'il vit sans compagnie ? Quoy ? des sages Gregeois l' honneur Pryenien Dira , que luy marchant , chemine tout son bien : Et dieu , qui richement en tous tresors abonde Sera necessiteus , sans le tresor du monde ?

Cap. 34. Of Praeoccupation .

PRaeoccupation is when we preuent and meete with that which might bee obiected , and doo also make aunswere to the same : of the first part it is called Praeoccupation , or the laying downe of the obiection , of the second , subiection , or answering thereunto . So that commonlie it hath a kind of prosopopoia adioyned vnto it . This preuenting therfore is either indirect , most fit for beginnings , and more vsed of Orators than of Poets .

Virg Aeg. 2. Nec te poeniteat calamo triuisse labellum : Hac eadem vt sciret , quid non faciebat Amyntas ? Sir Philip Sidney 2. Cleophila to the inconstant multitude .

An vnused thing it is , and I thinke not heretofore seene , Arcadians , that a woman should giue publike counsaile to men , a stranger to the countrey people , and that lastlie in such a presence a priuate person , as I am , should possesse the regall throne . But the strangenes of your action makes that vsed for vertue , which your violent necessitie imposeth . For certainlie a woman may well speake to such men who haue forgotten all manlike gouernment : a straunger may with reason instruct such subiects , that neglect due points of subiection , and is it meruaile this place is entred into by an other , since your owne Luke , after thirtie yeares gouernment , dare not shewe his face to his faithfull people ?

Torquat . Tass. 2. Aletes to Godfredo . Ma forse hai tu riposta ogni tua spe●e In queste squadre , ond hora cinto siedi : Ques , che sparsi vincesti , vniti insieme , Divincer anco ageuolmente credi . Salust . Heb 2. Semaine . Pourtant ne cuide point que cest excez reduise Rien du corps à neant : seulement il desguise Leur forme en cent façons , sans que le corps des corps Perde ou gaigne rien , soit dedans soit dehors . Car tout ce qui se fait , se fait de la matiere , Qui dans l' antique rien fut faite la premiere . Tout ce qui se resoult , en elle se resoult . Boscan . 3. Leander to Hero. No pienses que te traygo à la memoria Estas historias , por traer te exemplos , Que donde la razon esta tan clara , Escusado sera qualquier exemplo : digolo por dezirte lo que passa , Porque no y erres contra la que sirues , Que gran error seria , si tu errasses . 3. Que diremos agora de Leandro ? Que diremos ? sino que padecia Los mismos acidentes y dolores . Or ful & direct , that of Musid . to Phila. is ful & perfect , in 5. But you wil say &c. Boscan . 2. Buenoes amar , pues como dan̄a tanto ? Grangusto es querer bien , porque entristece ? Plazer es dessear ; como aborrece ? Amor es nuestro bien , porque da llanto ? Effuerço amor ; pues como causa espanto ? Por el amor el bien d'el alma crece , Pues como assi por el ella padece ? Como tanto contrarios cubre vn manto ?

Cap 35. Of Sufferance .

THus much of asking . Now in answering there is either Permissio , sufferance , or Concessio , a graunting or yeelding vnto . Sufferance is when we mockinglie giue leaue to do somewhat .

Homer . I. Il. Agamemnon to Achilles . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 And after , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . Virg. 4. Aen. — Nunc & Ioue missus ab alto Interpres diuúm fert horrida iussa per auras . Scilicet is superis labor est , ea cura quietos Sollicitat : neque te teneo , neque dicta refello . I , sequere Italiam ventis : pete regna per vndas . Sir Philip Sydney . 1. Pyrocles .

If you seeke the victorie , take it , and if you list , triumph : haue you all the reason of the world , and with me remaine all the imperfections ?

Torquato . Tasso . 16. Armida to Rinald. flying . Vattene : epassa ilmar , pugna , etrauaglia . Struggi la fede nostra . In Amynt . 28.

Segui , segui tue stile , estimata che sei .

Salust . Hob. 1. Semaine . Composer hardiment , ô sages grees , les cieux D'vn cinquieme element : disputes , curieux , Qu'en leur corps par toutrōd l'aeil humain ne remarquae Commancement , ny fin : debatez que la parque Asseruit seulement sous ses cruelles lois Ce quel' astre argenté reuoid de mois en mois : Le foible estayement de si vaine doctrine Pourtant ne sauuera ce grand tout de ruine . Boscan . 3. Leander to Hero. Las virgines yran tras su Diana En soledad de vida por los yermos : Tu , y las que estays à Venus consagradas , En lecho coniugal aueys de veros . &c.

Cap. 36. Of graunting .

GRaunting is when we iestinglie admit of anie speach or argument .

Virg. Aen. 10 Italiam petijt fatis authoribus : esto . Aen 7. Flectere si nequeo superos , Acheront a mouebo . Non dabitur regnis ( esto ) prohibere Latines : At trahere , atque moras tantis licet addere rebus . Sir Philip Sydney . 5. Philanax .

But yet euen of fauour , let vs grant him thus much more , as to fancie , that in these foretold things , fortune might bee a great actor , perchance to an euill ende , yet to a lesse euill ende , all these intangled deuises were intended . But I beseech your Ladiship , my Lady Timopirus , tell me what excuse can you finde for the chaunging of your lodging with the Dutchesse , that verie instant she was to finish her excerable practise ? how can you cloake the lending of your cloake vnto her ? was all that by chaunce too ?

Torquat . Tass. 2. Aletes . Hor quando pure estimi esser fatale , Che non ti possa il serro vincer mas : Siati concesso , è siasi à punto tale , Il decreto del ciel , qual tu tel fai. Vincer atti la fame : à questo male Che refugio , per dio , che schermo haurai ? Vibra contra costes la lancia , è stringi La spada , è la vittoria anco ti fingi . Salust . Iudith . 3. Ie ne puis , ni ne veus ( respond le gouerneur ) Nier que nous n'aions offensè le siegneur . Fol est notre conseil , notre promesse est folle , Mais quoi ? nous ne pouuons fausser notre parole , &c. Boscan . 3. Mas sea todo en fin como à ti plaze , tenga sennora el nombre que le dieres este dolor que l'alma me deshaze . Sea su nombre tal qual tu quisieres : &c.

This figure delighteth very much when we grant that which hurteth him to whom it is graunted , as it manie times falleth out in contentious disputations . Thus much of Eloquution in tropes and figures : in al which obserue this one lesson , the more the better : yet with discretion , and without affectate curiositie .

THE SECOND BOOKE .

1. Cap. Of vtterance or pronunciation .

OF Eloquution which was the first part of Rhetorike , wee haue spoken alreadie : it now remaineth to talke of Vtterance or Pronunciation the second part . Vtterance is a fit deliuering of the speach alreadie beautified . It hath two parts , Voyce and Gesture , the one pertaining to the eare , the other belonging to the eye . A good voyce is to be wished : but although it be but meane , we must haue care to keepe and better it , that whatsoeuer wee vtter , it may be pronounced with a voyce fit for the thing deliuered . The voyce must be neither too lowe , nor too high , but meane : for as the one disgraceth all contention and earnest speach , so the other bewraieth a brawling disposition . Nothing is either better for his voyce that speaketh , or more pleasant to the eares of them that heare , than often changing : nothing more hurtfull to the one , or harsh to the other , than continuall straining without intermission . To brawle in the beginning with a shriking voyce is rude and vnmannerly . It is best to begin with a submisse voyce , and so ascend by degrees as occasion serueth . The consideration of voyce is to be had either in seuered words , or in the whole sentence . In the particular applying of the voyce to seuerall words , wee make tropes that bee most excellent plainly appeare . For without this change of voyce , neither anie Ironia , nor liuely Metaphore can well bee discerned .

By that kinde of voyce which belongeth to whole sentences , all kindes of figures and passionate ornaments of speach are made manifest . In figures of words which altogether consist in sweete repetitions and dimensions , is chiefly conuersant that pleasant and delicate tuning of the voyce , which resembleth the consent and harmonie of some well ordred song : In other figures of affections , the voyce is more manly , yet diuersly , according to the varietie of passions that are to bee expressed .

A sharpe voice is that in Homer 1. Iliad . before in license .

Virgil. 1. Aeneid . Ilioneus his voyce is first milde , then sharpe , and so by degrees enhaunceth it selfe . O regina ! nouam cui condere Iupiter vrbem Iustitiaque dedit gentes fraenare superbas , Troes te miseri ventis maria omnia vecti Oramus , prohibe infandos à nauibus ignes : Parce pio generi , & propius res respice nostras . Non nos aut ferro Lybicos populare penates Venimus , aut raptas ad littora vertere pradas : Non ea vis animo , nec tanta superbia victis . Est locus , Hesperiam Graij cognomine dicunt , Terra antiqua , potens armis atque vbere gleba , Oenotrij coluêre viri : nunc fama , minores Italiam dixisse ducis de nomine gentem , Huc cursus fuit . Cum subito assurgens fluctu nimbosus Orion In vada caeca tulit , penitusque procacibus austris Dispulit : huc pauci vestris adnauimus oris . Quod genus hoc hominum , quaeue hunc tam barbara morem Permittit patria ? hospitio prohibemur arenae : Bella cient , primaque vetant consistere terra . Si genus humanum , & mortalia temnitis arma , At sperate deos memores fandi atque nefandi . Rex erat AEneas nobis , quo iustior alter Nec pietate fuit , nec bello maior & armis : Quem si fata virum seruant , si vescitur aura AEtheria , nec adhuc crudelibus occubat vmbris , Non metus , officio ne te certare priorem Paeniteat , sunt & Siculis regionibus vrbes , Armaque , Troianoque à sanguine clarus Acestes . Quassatam ventis liceat subducere classem , Et syluis aptare trabes , & stringere remos , Si datur , Italiam socijs & rege recepto Tendere , vt Italiam laeti Latiumque petamus . Sin absumpta salus , & te ▪ pater optime Teucrûm , Pontus habet Lybiae , nec spes iam restat Iuli , At freta Sicaniae saltem , sedesque paratas , Vnde huc aduecti , regemque petamus Acestem . Sir Philip Sydney . 4.

Nay , said Philanax , speaking a lowd , & looking with a iust anger vpon the other Noble men , it is now season to heare Timantus idle sclanders , while strangers become our Lords , and Basilius murderers sit in his throne .

Salust . Iudith . 1. Mais le vieillard Cambris , prince au reste tresdous Gronde , tremble , pallit de'vn louable courrous : Et rompant ce propos , d'vne vehement langage , Le courage effraié des princes accourage , Plustost dessus mes pies , Terre , creuasse toi , Et dans ton sein ombreus , Beaute , englouti moi , Plustost , ô iuste ciel &c. As before .

A bitter , angrie , cholerike , and furious voyce is that .

Homer . 1. Iliad . Agamemnon . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . Virg. 4. AEneid . of Dido . Talia dicentem iamdudum auersa tuetur , Huc , illuc voluens oculos , totumque pererras Luminibus tacitis , & sic accensa profatur . Nec tibi diua parens generis , nec Dardanus autor Perfide , sed duris genuit te cautibus horrens Caucasus , Hyrcanaque admorunt vbera tyres . Nam quid dissimulo ? aut quae me ad maior a reseruo ? Num fletis ingemuit nostro ? num lumina flexit ? Num lachrymas victus dedit ? aut miseratus amantem est ? Que quibus ante feram ? iam iam nec maxima Iune , Nec Saturnius haec oculis pater aspicit aquis . Nusquam tuta fides . eiectum littore , egentem Excepi , & regus demens in parte locaui : Amissam classem , socios à morte redemi . Heu furijs incensa feror : nunc augur Apollo , Nunc Lycia sortes , nunc & Ioue missus ab alto Interpres diuûm fert horrida iussa per auras . Scilicet is superis labor est , ea cura quietos Sollicitat . neque te teneo , neque dicta refello . I , sequere Italiam ventis , pete regna per vndas . Spero equidem medijs , si quid pia numina possint , Supplicia hausurum scopulis , & nomine Dido Sapè vocaturum sequar atris ignibus absens : Et cùm frigida mors anima seduxerit artus , Omnibus vmbra locis adero : dabis improbe panas : Audiam , & hac manes veniet mihi fama sub imos . Especiallie there . — Proh Iupiter , ibit , Hic , ait , & nostris illuserit aduena regnis ? Non arma expedient , totaque ex vrbe sequentur ? Diripientque rates alij naualibus ? ite , Ferte citi flammas , dato tela , impellite remos : Quid loquor ? aut vbi sum ? qua mentem insania mutat ? Sir Philip Sydney . 3. Gynecia .

O said Gynecia , how good leasure haue you to frame these scornfull answeres . Is Gynecia thus to be despised ? am I so vile a worme in your sight ? No , no , trust vnto it , hard hearted tygre , I will not be the only actor of this tragedie . Since I must fall , I will presse downe some others with my ruines . Since I must burne , my spitefull neighbours shall feele of my fire . Dooest thou not perceaue that my diligent eyes haue pearced through the clowdie maske of thy disguisement ? Haue I not told thee ô foole , ( if I were not much more foole ) that I know thou wouldest abuse vs with thy outward shewe ? wilt thou still attend the rage of loue in a womans heart ? The girle thy well chosen Mistres , perchaunce shall defend thee , when Basilius shal know , how thou hast sotted his minde with falshood , and falsly sought the dishonour of his house . Beleeue it , beleeue it , vnkinde creature , I will ende my miseries with a notable example of reuenge : and that accursed cradle of mine shall feele the smart of my wound , thou of thy tyrany , & lastly I confesse my selfe of my owne worke .

Torquat . Tass.

Torrismondo speaketh so almost in euerie part of Torrismondo .

Salust . Iudith 2. — O prophete effronté , Di moi quelle Sibylle , ou Tre-piè t' a dictè Ces oracles certains ? quel demon t' a fait croire Que furles Syriens Isac aura victoire ? Aster , Meur , meur donques mechant : de tal ingue saussaire Et de ton double coeur reç oi le deu salaire , &c. Homer . 1. Il. Achilles to Agamemnon . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , &c. Virgil. 2. Aeneid . Aeneas . Talibus insidijs , periurique arte Sinouis Credita res : captique dolis , lachrymisque coactis , Quos neque Tydides , neque Larissaus Achillet , Non anni domuêre decem , non mille carinae .

Where , in the last verses euerie thing must be dilated and produced , the mouth opened , the vowells drawen out , that the Troyan calamitie may there especiallie appeare .

Sir Philip Sydney 1. Philanan to Basilius .

No he can not be good , that knowes not why hee is good , but stands so farre good , as his fortune may keepe him vnassayled : but comming to that his rude simplicitie , is either easily changed , or easily deceaued , and so growes that to bee the last excuse of his fault , which seemed might haue been the first foundation of his faith .

Torquat . Tass. 4. Pluto . Tartarei Numi , di seder più degni Là sour ' il sole , ond èl'origin vostra : Che meco già dà i più felici regni Spinse il gran caso in quest horribil chiostra : Gli antichi altrui sospetti , è t ferisdegni Noti son troppo , èl'alta impresa nostra : Hor colui regge à suo voler le stelle , Evoi siam giudicati alme rubelle .

A moderate , temperate , and stayed voyce is that : Homer 1. Iliad . Calchas . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . Virgil. 2. Aeneid . Priamus to Sinon . Quisquis es , amissos hinc tam obliuiscere Gratos , Nostereris : mihique haec edissere vera roganti : Quò molem hanc immanis equistatuêre ? quis autor ? Quidue petunt ? quae relligio ? aut qua machina belli ? Sir Philip Sydney 2. Cleophila to the people .

Heare therefore , ô Arcadians , and bee ashamed . Against whome hath this zealous rage been sturred ? Whether haue you bent these manfull weapons of yours ? In this quiet harmelesse Lodge there are harboured no Troyans your auncient enemies ; nor Persians , whome you haue in present feare . Heere lodge none but such , as either you haue great cause to loue , or no cause to hate . &c.

Chapter 2. Of the application of the voyce to seuerall affections .

THese things bee common almost to anie kinde of affection : nowe a word or two of peculiar voyces applyable to certaine affections . In pitie and lamentation , the voyce must be full , sobbing , flexible , interrupted , as

Homer . Ρ. Iliad . Iupiter . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . &c. Virgil. 4. Georg. Of Eurydice . Illa , quis & me , inquit , miseram & te perdidit Orpheu ? Quis tantus furor ? en iterum crudelia retrò Fata vocant , conditque natantia lumina somnus . Iamque vale . Feror ingenti circundata nocte , Inualidasque tibi tendens , heu , non tua palmas . 1. Of Venus . Atque illum tales iactantem pectore curas , Tristior , & lachrymis oculos suffusa nitentes Alloquitur Venus , ô qui res hominûmque deûmque Aeternis regis imperijs , & fulmine terres . Quid meus Aeneas in te committere tantum , Quid Troes potuêre , quibus tot funera passis , Cunctus ob Italiam terrarum clauditur orbis , &c. Sir Philip Sydney . 3. Philoclea to her selfe .

Ah silly soule , that couldest please thy selfe with so impossible imagination .

For Tasso and Salust . See miserie in Exclamation : and see also Addubitation .

Boscan . 2. Hero to Leander . Mi dulce bien , mi dulce esposo , y dulce Coraçon mio , por quien todo me es dulce , Pudiste tu mi bien tan gran trabaio , Y peligro passar como has passado ? Pudiste tu romper las fuertes ondas Con la blanda ternez dessos tus pechos ? Y pude yo ponerte en auentura De perderte en vnpunto , y de perderme ? Puede ponerte yo en tanto peligro , Como ha sido passar , la mar anado ? Si fuera tu enemiga , que pudiero Hazer mas contrati de lo que he hecho , &c.

In anger , shrill , sharpe , quicke , short . Homer . 1. Iliad . Agamemnon to Chryseis . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . Virgil. 1. Aeneid . Neptune . Eurum ad se Zephirúmque vocat , dehine talia fatur . Tantane vos generis tenuit fiducia vestri , Iam coelum terramque meo sine numine venti , Miscere , & tantas audetis tollere moles ? Quos ego : sed prastas motos componere fluctus , Post mihi non simili poena commissa luetis . Maturate fugam , regique haec dicite vestro , Non illi imperium pelagi , saeuúmque tridentem , Sed mihi sorte datum : tenet ille immanta saxa , Vestras , Eure , domes : illa se iactet in aula Aeolus , & clauso ventorum carcere regnet . Sir Philip Sydney 3. Of Basilius .

And therefore bending his browes , as though hee were not a man to take the matter as hee had done ; What , said , hee , shall my Wife bee my Mistresse ? Thinke you not that thus much time hath taught mee to rule her ? I will mewe the Gentlewoman till shee haue cast all her feathers , if shee rowse her selfe against mee . And withall hee walked vp and downe , nodding his head as though they mistooke him much , that thought hee was not his wiues master .

In feare and bashfulnesse , contracted , stammering , trembling .

Such was Tullyes voyce in most of his beginnings .

So Helena to Priamus , in the Troyan Towre Homer . Iliad . 3. And , Vlisses to Nasicaa Alcinous his daughter , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . &c.

Virgil. 3. Aeneid . Aeneas of Andromache . Vt me conspexit venientem , & Troia circum Arma amens vidit : magnis exterrita monstris Diriguit visu in medio , calor ossa reliquit , Labitur , & longo vix tandem tempore fatur : Verane te facies , verus mihi nuntius affers , Nate Dea , Viuisne ? aut si lux alma recessit , Hector vbi est ? dixit , lachrymasque effudit , & omnem , Impleuit clamore locum , Sir Philip Sydney 2. Philocea .

Alas how painfull a thing it is to a diuided minde to make a well ioyned aunswere ?

Salust . Iudith 6. Iudith to Holophernes . Si tost qu'ils sont dehors , Holoferne caresse La tremblante Iudit . Cesse ó grand Prince , cesse , ( Dit la veufue ) & pourquoi te veus tu tant hater De cuellit le dous fruit qu' on ne te peut oter ? Mé toi donc daus le lit , ou , pont te heureuse , prendre , Tes dous embrassemens , ie ne faudray me rendre , Quand i'aurai decharge de tant' d'habillemens Mon cors brulant d'amour , & flairant d'oignemens . Boscan . 3. Aristeus . Tu lo sabes Protheo , respondio el moço , Tu lo sabes muy bien , pues nada puede A tu grande saber ser escondido . Yo vengo aqui por mandamiento expresso Del'alta diuina sabiduria , Y vengo te a pedir algun socorro , A mi calamidad tan miserabile .

In ioy , gladnes , or pleasure , tender , mild , sweetlie flowing . Sir Philip Sydney . 3. Musidorus when Pamela slept . Lock vp faire lidds , the treasures of my heart , Preserue those beames , this ages onlie light : To her sweet sence , sweet sleepe , some ease impart , Her sence too weake to beare her spirits might . &c. Salust . Iudith . 6 Iudith . Ouures ( dit elle ) ouures : car dieu nostre grand dieu A froisse cete nuit la force Assyriene , Et haussé iusq'au ciel la corne Isaciene .

In anguish and griefe of mind without compassion , a hollow voyce fetcht from the bottome of the throate , groaning . Homer . 1. Iliad . Achilles . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . &c. Virg. 1. AEneid . AEneas . — ó terque quaterque beatos Queis ante ora patrum Troiae sub moenibus altis Contigit oppetere ▪ o Danaûm fortissime gentis Tydide , mene Iliacis occumbere campis Non potuisse ? tuaque animam hanc effundere dextra , Saeuos vbi AEacidae telo iacet Hector : vbi ingens Sarpedon : vbi tot Simois correpta sub vndis Scuta virûm , galeasque , & fortia corpora voluit . Sir Philip Sydney . 2. Gynecia .

O Deserts , Deserts , how fit a guest am I for you ? since my heart is fuller of wild rauenous beasts , than euer you were .

Torquat . Tass. 4. Ahi , quando mai la Tana , ò'l Reno , òl' Istro , O l'inospite mare , ò'l mar vermiglio , O l'onde Caspie , òl' Ocean profondo Potran lauar occulta , e'ndegna colpa Che mi tinse , e macchio le membra , e l' alma ? Viuo ancor dunque , e spiro , e veggio il sole ? Ne la luce del mondo ancor dimore ? E reson detto , e caualier m'appello ? La spada al fianco io porto , in man lo scettro Ancor sostegno , e la corona in fronte ? E pur v' è chi m'inchina , ô chim ' assorge , E forse anchor chi m' ama : &c. And a little after . Ma che mipuò giouar , s'io non m'ascondo A me medesmo ? oime , son'io , son'io , Quel che fuggito hor sono , e quel che fuggo : Di me stesso ho vergogna ▪ e scorno , & outa , Odioso a me fatto , e graùe pondo . Che gioua , ch'io non oda , e non pauenti I detti , e'l mormorar del folle volgo , O la'ccusi de ▪ saggi , ò i fieri morsi Di troppo acuto , o velenoso dente ? Si la mia propria conscienza a immonda Altamente nel cor rimbomba , e mugge , S'ella à vespro mi grida , & à le squille , Se mi sueglia te notti , e rompe il sonno , E mille miei confusi , e trifti sogni ? Misero me , non Cerbero , non Scilla Cosilatrò , come io ne l'alma h●r sent● Il suo fiero latrar , non mostr● , od angu● Nel' Africa arenosa , od Hidra in Lerna , O di Furia in Cocito empia cerasta Morse giamai , com' ella rode , e morde .

In desiring , soothing , flattring , yeelding , gratifying , a smoothing and submisse voyce . Homer . 1. Iliad . Thetis . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , &c. Virg. 1. Aen. Ad quam tùm Iuno supplex his vocibus vsa est . AEole ( namque tibi , &c. Aeneid . 4. Dido . Mene fugis ? per ego has lachrymas , &c. 1. AEneid . AEolus yeelding to Iuno . AEolus hac contra : tuus , ô Regina , quid optes Explorare labor , &c. Elsewhere Aeneas to Dido . O sola infandos Troiae miserata labores , Qua nos relliquias , &c. Sir Philip Sydney . 3. Gynecia .

By the happie woman that bare thee , by all the ioyes of thy heart , and successe of thy desire , I beseech thee , turne thy selfe into some consideration of me , and rather shewe pitie , in now helping me , than in too late repenting my death , which hourlie threatens me .

Torquat . Tass. 12. Clorinda dying to Tancred . Amico , hai vinto : io ti perdon : perdona Tù ancora : al corpo nò : che nulla paue : Al' alma si , deh per lei prega : e dona Battesmo à mè , ch' ogni sua macchia laue . In queste voci languide risuona Vn nonso che di stabile , e soaue Ch' alcor gli serpe : & ogni sdegno ammorza : Egl' occh● à lagrimar gl'inuoglia , e sforza . Salust Iudith 4. Holofern . Le tyran lui respond , ó dorure du monde , O dame egalëment belle , honeste , & faconde , Vous soiés bien-venue , & tou iour puissies vous Auee contentement seiourner auec nous . Si vous m'estes autant fidele & veritable , Comme à l' oreille , & l' oeil ie vous trouue agreable , Ie veus dor-en-auant-adorer ce grand dieu , Qui seul est adorè de vostre peuple Hebrieu : Ie veus que vous soiés dor-en-auant la dame Non de mon sceptre seul , ains aussi de mon ame : Ie veus que desormais vostre nom soit conu Et del' Ebre , & du Gange , & del' Istre cornu . Boscan . 3. Leander . O Neptuno , que a ti quiero boluerme , Y tornar otra vez à suplicarte , Por estas tantas lagrimas que vierto , Por el mal entran̄able que padesco , Por la veiezy el llanto de mis padres , Por el afrenta y por la muerte de Hero , Por los dolores que de amor sentiste , En el amor de quantas te he nombrado , Que ataies esta mar que anda boluiendo , A leuantar sus poderosas fuerças , Contra vn hombre tanflaco y tan cuytado , Como agora yo estoy en esta arena .

This shall suffice for the framing of our voyce both in single wordes and also in whole sentences . The practise and exercise is all in all : learne therfore some such speach wherein are contained all , or most varieties of voyce , and oftentimes vse to pronounce the same in such order and with as great heed as if thou were to vtter it in some great assemblie . Walking a litle after supper , annoynting , moderation of diet , and such like bodilie pleasures keepe the voyce in temper .

Cap. 3. Of action or gesture of the whole bodie .

HEtherto of voyce : now of gesture and action , which is both more excellent and more vniuersall than voyce : as belonging not onelie to those that vse the same speach , but generallie to all people , yea to beasts and senceles creatures , as the verie pictures which being dumme , yet speake by gesture and action . The gesture must followe the change and varietie of the voyce , answering thereunto in euerie respect : yet not parasiticallie as stage plaiers vse , but grauelie and decentlie as becommeth men of greater calling . Let the bodie therefore with a manlike and graue motion of his sides rather followe the sentence than expresse euerie particular word . Stand vpright & straight as nature hath appoynted : much wauering and ouercurious and nice motion is verie ridiculous .

Cap. 4. Of the gesture of the head , eyes , lipps , &c.

THus much of the whole body : now to the parts , and first the head . The holding downe of the head , and casting downe of the eyes betokeneth modestie .

Homer . 3. Iliad . of Helena . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , &c. Virg. of Dido . 1. AEneid . Tum breuiter Dido vultum demissa profatur , Soluite corde metus , Teucri , &c. And 3. AEneid of Andromache . Deiecit vultum , & demissa voce loquuta est , O faelix vna ante alias Priameia virgo , &c. Sir Philip Sidney . 2. of Philoclea .

At length Philoclea , hauing a while mused how to wade betwixt her own hopeles affection , and her fathers vnbrideled hope , with blushing cheekes , and eyes cast downe to the ground , began to say . My father , to whom I owe my selfe , and therfore must performe all dueties vnto .

Torquat . Tass. 2 of Alete when he came to speake before Godfrey . Mà la destra sipose Alete al seno , E chinol ▪ capo , epiego à terra i lumi , E l'honoro con ogni modo à pieno , Che disua gente portino i costumi : Commincio poscia , e disua bocca vscieno , Più che mel dolci , d' eloquentia i fiumi , O degno sol , &c. 4. Of Armida speaking to the same Godfrey . Esta a inchinollo riuerente , epoi Vergognosetta non facea parola Mà quei rossor , mà quei timori su●● Rassicura il guerriero , e riconsola : Si ch'i pensati inganni al fine spiega In suon , che di dolcezza i sensilega .

So did Vlisses cast his eyes on the ground .

The countenance must turne with the bodie , vnlesse we cast aside the face in token of detestation or abhorring anie abominable thing .

Homer . Π. Iliad . of Iupiter . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . And Ζ. Iliad . of Pallas . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . Virg. 3. Aeneid . Achemenides of Polyphemus . — dij talem terris auertite pestem . 3. Georg. Dij meliora pijs , erroremque hostibus illum . 1. Aen. Of Pallas being angrie . Diua solo fixos oculos auersa tenebat .

The shaking of the head noteth griefe and indignation : sometimes also compassion . A nodd is a token of a graunt .

Homer . 1. Iliad . Iupiter to Thetis . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . &c. The same Iupiter , Iliad . Ρ. when Hector had the spoyles of Patroclus . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , &c. Virg. 1. Aeneid . Iuno . Tum quassans caput , hac effudit pectore dicta , Heu stirpem inuisam , &c. Sir Philip Sidney . 1. Pyrocles .

In so much that shaking his head , and deliuering some shewe of teares , he thus vttered his griefe : Alas , said he , Prince Musidorus , how cruellie you deale with me ▪

To make often gesture with the head alone is forbidden . But the chiefest force of the head is in the countenance , and of the countenance , in the eyes , which expres liuelilie euen anie conceit or passion of the mind : as therfore the face & countenance must bee comelilie and orderlie composed , so the eyes verie diligentlie are to be regarded .

Homer . 3. Iliad . Menelaus . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , &c. So , 1. Iliad , of Agamem . chafed . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . There of Achilles . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . 4. Of Vlisses and Diomedes . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . Virg 2. AEneid . At pater Anchises oculos ad sidera latus Extulit , & caelo palmas cum voce tetendit , Iupiter omnipotens , &c. Sir Philip Sidney 2 of Gynecia .

Insomuch that hauing a great while cast her countenaunce gastlie about her , as if shee had calde all the powers of the world to bee witnes of her wretched estate , at length casting vp her watrie eyes to heauen ; O sonne , said she , &c.

Torquat . Tass. 12. Leuò al fin gli occhi'e disse , ò dio , che scerni L' opre più occulto . Salust . Iudith 6 of Iudith . Etant donc de ce point saintement resoluë , Vers le pole elle eleue & ses mains & sa veuë : Et puis à basse vois prie ainsi l'Eternel . O bon dieu &c. Boscan . 3. of Leander . Boluiendo al cielo sus cansados oios , A los mayores dioses y menores , &c.

The lipps , nose , chin , shoulders must be also carefullie looked vnto and decentlie moderated ; the particular ordering is left to euerie mans discretion .

Cap. 5. Of the gesture of the arme , hand , fingers , &c.

THe casting out of the right arme is as it were an arming of the speach , & becommeth continued and flowing sentences , where the verie speach it selfe seemeth to powre forth it selfe with the stretching out of the arme .

Homer . 1. Achilles to Calchas . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . Virg. 4. Dido . Sed mihi vel tellus optem prius ima dehiscat , &c. Sir Philip Sid , 3. Gynecia .

The sauagest beasts are wonne with seruice , and there is no flint but may be mollified : how is Gynecia so vnworthie in thine eyes ? or whom cannot aboundance of loue make worthie ?

Torquat . Tass. 4. Godfredo to Armida . Ben ti prometto , e tu per nobil pegno Mia fe ne prendi , e vius in les sicura , Che se mas sottrarrem dal grogo indegno Queste sacre , e dal ciel dilette mura : De ritornaris al tuo perduto regno ( Come pietà m'essorta ) haurem poi cura : Hor mi farebbe la pietà men pio , ganzi il suo dritto io non rendessi à dio. Salust Iudith . 3 Iudith . Tous peches sont peches : mais ce peché surpasse Tant d'enormes forfaits , dont notre aueugle audace Fait guerre au sacré ciel : car par lui le seigneur Est comme degradé de'ses titres d'honneur , Pour les communiquer aux pierres cizeleés , Aux trones , aux masses d'or subtilement moulées . Garcilass . 1. Aeg. Salicius . Con mi llorar las piedras enternecen su natural dureza y la quebrantan , los arboles parece que se inclinan , las aues que m'escuchan , quando cantan . Con diferente vozse condolecen , Y mi morir cantando me adeuiuan . Las fieras que reclinan , su cuerpo fatigado , dexan el sossegado , suenno por escuchar mi llanto triste . Tu sola contra mi t'endureciste , los oios aun si quiera no boluiendo a los que tu heziste , salid sin duelo lagrimas corriendo .

Without the hand the gesture is nothing , yet a moderation is to be had in the gesture of the hand and fingers , that it rather follow than goe before and expresse the words .

V. Aen. 12. At pius Aeneas dextram tendebat inermem , Nudato capite , atque suos clamore vocabat , Quo ruitis ? quaeue ista repens discordia surgit ? O cohibete iras , &c. And there of Turnus . Significatque manu , & magno simul incipit ore , Parcite vos Rutuli , & vos tela inhibete Latini : Quaecunque est fortuna , mea est &c.

There is no gesture of the left hand alone , but the left hand ioyned with the right is fit for addubitations or doubts , & obtestations or prayers , & verie much frequented .

Home . 1. Iliad of Achilles . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . There , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . Virgil. 1. Aeneid . Aeneas . Ingemit , & duplices tendens ad sidera palmas , Talia voce refert : ô terque quaterque beati , Queis ante ora patrum , Troiae sub moenibus altis Contigit oppetere , &c. There Sinon . Sustulit exutas vinclis ad sidera palmas . And Cass. Ad coelum tendens ardentia lumina frustra , Lumina , nam tener as arcebant vincula palmas . 2. Aen. At pater Anchises oculos ad sidera latus Extulit , & coelo palmas cum voce tetendit , &c. 3. Aen. — tendoque supinas Ad caelum cum voce manus . And , At pater Anchises passie de littore palmis Numina magna vocat . 4. of Iarbas . Multa Iouem manibus supplex orasse supinis , Iupiter omnipotens &c. Torquat . Tass. 13. of Godfredo . Giunge le palme , e fiamme gianti in zelo Gli oechi riuolge , e parole al cielo . Padre , e signor , &c. Salust . Iudith . 2. Dresse droit vers le pole , & ses mains , & ses ieus , Puis parle en cete sortè : ô grand dieu qui presides , &c.

The clapping of the hands is fitter for the stage than the court .

Thus much of the whole hand : the parts follow : the middle finger meeting with the thumbe and the other three stretched out , is an vrgent and instant gesture . The former finger stretched out doth point at or showe , when the other three are closed and kept in with the thumbe . In expostulating or declaring of anie thing , this former finger dooth affirme and asseuere , when it is somewhat inclined and bowed downe , the whole hand now and then somewhat lifted vp , and tending towards the shoulders . If it bee turned directly downe towards the ground , it vrgeth .

That gesture is verie fit for modest speaches and bashfull beginnings when the 4. first fingers a little going together in the ende , the hand it selfe is brought not farre from the mouth or breast of him that speaketh to those that heare , & then after turned downward , and somewhat spread abroad , it looseth againe .

Cap. 46. Of the gesture of other parts of the bodie .

FOR the other parts of the bodie , no man is almost ignorant of the vnseemly gesture of them , as , to cast out the belly & breast : yet to strike the breast is

not