IT
is
commonlie
knowen
,
&
I
haue
shewed
it
before
,
that
the
other
part
of
the
Arte
of
Medicine
,
is
that
which
cureth
with
the
hand
,
which
also
the
Gréekes
doe
call
Kyrurgicon
,
for
the
manner
of
working
,
&
wée
kéeping
that
name
doe
call
it
Chirurgia
.
This
part
as
it
is
counted
among
the
olde
writers
the
ancientest
,
so
trulie
both
for
the
magnitude
and
for
the
profite
of
the
effects
,
it
is
counted
the
chiesect
.
Moreouer
,
Podalirius
and
Machaon
,
being
the
first
authors
of
that
art
,
as
it
is
supposed
,
and
the
lawfull
issue
of
Aesculapius
,
the
father
of
the
art
of
Medicine
,
doe
declare
the
ancientnesse
thereof
,
whom
as
Homer
writeth
,
followed
Agamemnon
their
Captaine
in
the
Troyan
warres
,
and
to
haue
bene
no
small
helpe
to
his
souldiers
in
curing
of
them
,
not
by
the
helpe
of
inward
medicines
onlie
,
but
in
curing
diligentlie
of
their
wounds
,
with
yron
instruments
,
and
with
other
fit
medicines
therevnto
appertaining
,
whereby
it
doeth
appeare
,
this
parte
of
Medicine
to
be
onelie
proued
of
them
,
and
the
same
to
bée
auncientest
.
Furthermore
,
the
profit
and
vtilitie
thereof
,
doeth
of
it selfe
manifestlie
appeare
,
by
the
curations
of
greate
Apostumes
,
of
wounds
,
of
vlcers
,
of
luxations
,
and
of
Fractures
,
all
the
which
this
part
of
Medicine
doeth
intreate
of
exactlie
.
And
of
this
part
we
will
intreate
in
this
Chapter
,
and
of
the
same
we
will
shew
forth
these
things
what
that
art
is
,
and
what
be
the
parts
of
it
,
what
is
the
end
thereof
,
who
be
the
authors
,
what
the
office
and
dutie
of
a
Chirurgion
is
,
what
be
his
instruments
which
he
hath
accustomed
to
vse
in
healing
,
what
a
one
he
ought
for
to
be
,
and
to
conclude
,
who
ought
to
be
accounted
the
best
Chirurgion
,
and
thus
we
will
finish
our
Chapter
.
Chirurgerie
is
defined
of
Galen
to
be
a
certaine
order
of
curing
,
which
is
accomplished
by
accustomed
incisions
and
adustions
,
and
other
thinges
which
are
done
by
the
hande
.
Moreouer
,
the
author
of
the
Introductorie
,
whosoeuer
hée
hath
bene
,
hath
defined
the
same
after
this
manner
(
as
they
doe
properlie
call
it
)
a
taking
awaie
of
things
hurtfull
,
by
incisions
and
concinations
,
by
a
certaine
methode
&
reason
:
In
like
manner
it
is
the
curation
of
wounds
and
vlcers
,
which
is
administred
to
mans
bodie
.
But
if
anie
man
will
set
forth
the
order
of
it
more
curiouslie
and
expreslie
,
he
wil
call
it
the
third
part
of
the
methode
Therapeutichon
,
which
doth
cure
diseases
,
by
the
artificialnesse
of
the
hand
,
by
adustions
and
incisions
,
and
by
curing
luxations
,
and
by
putting
broken
bones
into
their
places
,
and
such
like
.
Guido
of
Caliacensia
hath
so
defined
,
that
it
maye
be
a
science
,
which
may
both
teach
the
order
and
qualitie
of
operation
,
chiefelie
by
adglutination
and
incisions
,
and
other
operations
of
that
kinde
,
which
bée
done
by
the
vse
of
the
hand
,
restoring
men
to
their
health
as
much
as
is
possible
.
Also
,
it
behoueth
vs
to
vse
this
name
of
Science
more
largelie
in
this
place
,
and
applie
it
vnto
that
parte
of
Chirurgerie
which
doth
profit
by
meditation
of
preceptes
and
giuing
of
Methode
,
and
not
by
curing
with
the
hand
.
For
it
is
manifest
that
Chirurgerie
is
an
Arte
,
and
not
a
Science
properlie
,
whose
end
is
the
bringing
to
effect
,
and
not
the
contemplation
of
the
veritie
onelie
,
and
for
that
cause
Aristotle
would
haue
the
same
worthelie
to
be
an
arte
,
and
also
hath
thought
it
good
to
place
it
amongest
those
artes
which
do
pertaine
to
the
vse
of
the
hand
:
But
other
things
being
put
in
the
definition
,
doe
kéepe
their
place
of
difference
in
like
manner
,
this
parte
is
not
put
vnaduisedlie
to
the
definition
(
that
men
be
restored
to
their
health
)
as
much
as
is
possible
,
for
although
that
health
is
counted
to
a
Chirurgion
,
for
a
perpetual
scope
,
yet
that
same
cannot
alwaies
be
obteined
by
arte
,
because
there
be
many
diseases
vncurable
,
which
doe
chaunce
,
eyther
because
they
are
such
by
their
owne
nature
,
as
Elephantiasis
,
or
else
,
that
as
the
curation
is
taken
in
hand
,
doeth
bring
more
discommoditie
,
and
also
a
more
grieuous
sicknesse
than
that
which
is
taken
in
hand
to
be
cured
.
As
when
we
goe
about
to
cure
Vitiliginem
,
Antiquam
,
Lichenas
,
Hemorroidas
,
Sinuosa
vlcera
,
and
the
old
Fistulas
,
,
Cancers
,
and
to
conclude
,
when
as
we
haue
a
stubburne
patient
which
doth
giue
no
regard
to
the
Surgions
that
gouerneth
him
:
these
are
the
causes
why
that
all
cannot
be
brought
to
their
health
by
arte
:
In
like
manner
Chirurgerie
is
diuided
into
two
partes
generallie
,
the
one
is
,
which
doth
declare
what
things
belong
to
the
art
,
&
doth
set
forth
the
precepts
,
wherwith
the
workman
being
furnished
,
may
worke
rightly
:
This
part
the
Gréeks
do
call
Theoreticon
,
&
we
do
cal
it
Theorica
,
that
is
to
saie
,
the
learned
or
speculatiue
part
,
the
other
doth
folow
that
,
&
doth
perform
in
effect
that
precepts
of
the
former
,
&
it
is
called
in
Gréek
Practica
.
or
rather
Poetica
,
that
is
to
say
,
a
bringer
of
things
to
passe
,
for
it
wholy
doth
consist
in
doing
and
bringing
to
effect
,
and
séeing
that
the
whole
Arte
,
doth
depend
of
these
,
we
maye
with
good
cause
,
thinke
Chirurgerie
worthie
to
be
called
an
arte
,
as
whose
ende
,
is
affection
and
woork
.
For
she
doth
exercise
all
her
properties
,
either
in
soft
members
,
or
in
harde
parts
.
The
soft
parts
are
those
,
which
haue
their
beginning
of
bloud
,
and
are
called
fleshie
,
and
the
hard
parts
do
spring
of
séede
.
And
chirurgerie
doth
exercise
her
facultie
in
those
partes
by
incision
,
by
cutting
,
or
by
taking
away
,
by
reposition
,
and
adustion
.
And
truely
of
this
arte
,
there
are
certaine
other
more
speciall
partes
,
as
those
about
the
which
the
arte
it selfe
is
speciallye
occupied
,
that
is
to
saye
,
Tumors
against
nature
,
wounds
,
vlcers
,
fractures
,
and
Luxacions
.
Therefore
as
there
be
fiue
parts
which
the
art
doth
intreate
of
,
so
there
be
fiue
partes
of
Chirurgerie
,
in
the
whole
,
as
which
doe
teache
vs
to
cure
tumours
,
which
woundes
,
and
which
vlcers
,
and
which
can
put
fractures
and
luxacions
,
in
their
proper
place
.
But
the
ende
wherevnto
Chirurgerie
directed
all
his
actions
,
and
prouisions
,
is
the
ablation
,
and
taking
away
of
those
sicknesses
,
which
maye
be
cured
by
ministracion
of
conuenient
medicines
with
the
hande
,
&
to
restore
the
sicke
,
vnto
his
health
,
which
ende
truely
the
workeman
cannot
alwayes
obtaine
vnto
.
For
those
causes
which
we
declared
before
,
séeing
that
it
is
not
in
his
power
,
to
cure
euery
sicknesse
.
And
this
long
arte
,
vaunteth
hir selfe
,
vnto
the
famous
companie
of
excellent
and
noble
authors
,
worthie
of
great
renowne
.
In
whose
register
,
that
diuine
man
Hippocrates
,
the
patron
and
defender
of
the
noble
arte
of
Medicine
,
doth
of
very
right
,
challenge
to
him selfe
,
the
chiefest
place
,
by
whose
meane
this
parte
of
medicine
,
is
better
declared
,
then
it
was
before
his
time
,
the
which
thing
,
the
deuine
monuments
which
he
left
to
his
posteritie
,
doe
witnesse
,
I
doe
meane
his
bookes
,
wherein
he
doth
speake
,
of
the
woundes
of
the
head
,
of
fractures
of
the
lyms
,
of
vlcers
,
of
fistules
,
of
the
emorodes
,
and
of
the
furniture
of
Chirurgerie
,
and
of
cutting
out
of
the
Anathomies
.
Furthermore
,
Chirurgerie
béeinge
as
it
were
deuided
at
length
from
the
other
,
hath
chosen
vnto
hir selfe
a
proper
place
,
and
beganne
to
haue
hir
proper
professors
,
for
in
the
time
of
olde
writers
,
&
in
the
florishing
age
of
Hippocrates
,
Chirurgia
was
not
deuided
from
the
other
parts
of
medicine
,
for
they
were
then
both
Phisitions
and
Chirurgions
.
And
Philoxenus
,
declareth
it
to
haue
florished
in
Egipt
,
which
hath
set
foorth
and
garnished
this
Arte
in
many
volumes
.
And
after
him
Gorgias
Sostratus
,
Hieron
,
and
the
two
Apollonij
,
Amomus
,
Alexandrinus
,
and
many
other
excellent
men
,
and
it
is
certaine
,
that
there
was
no
meane
professors
of
the
same
arte
,
at
Rome
,
as
the
auncient
.
Fathers
,
Tryphon
,
Euelpistus
,
and
Meges
,
the
most
excellent
of
all
,
as
Celsus
writeth
.
But
how
much
Galen
excelled
,
in
restoring
,
and
enriching
this
parte
of
medicine
,
his
learned
Commentaries
,
vpon
the
bookes
of
Hippocrates
,
wherein
he
doth
declare
of
the
Arte
of
Medicine
,
and
vpon
his
booke
De
articulis
&
de
fracturis
.
And
moreouer
,
his
sixe
bookes
,
of
the
first
methode
of
curing
,
called
Therapeuticon
,
and
the
last
two
of
the
same
,
the
two
also
,
De
arte
curatiua
ad
Glauconem
,
his
booke
,
De
tumoribus
preter
naturam
,
&
his
booke
De
compositione
medicamentorum
,
secundum
genera
,
doe
testifie
abundantly
.
Moreouer
,
Paulus
oegeneta
,
ought
greatly
to
be
commended
,
who
in
a
method
compendious
,
but
yet
most
exact
,
hath
comprehended
all
Chirurgerie
,
both
in
his
fourth
booke
,
and
also
in
his
sixt
.
Furthermore
,
Auicenna
,
Rasius
,
Albucasis
,
and
Haliabbas
,
being
of
the
schoole
of
the
Arabians
,
haue
intreated
most
diligently
,
of
the
Arte
of
Chirurgerie
,
as
Auicenna
,
in
his
fourth
Canon
,
and
the
third
,
fourth
,
and
fifte
féen
.
Also
Rasus
,
in
his
seuenth
booke
,
to
Almanser
,
the
King
,
Albucasis
,
in
a
whole
volume
,
Haliabbas
,
in
his
ninth
booke
,
of
practise
of
the
regall
disposition
,
neither
hath
she
lacked
hir
honour
,
of
Latines
,
Celsus
,
and
Plinius
,
Captaines
,
who
with
great
beautie
,
and
like
dignitie
,
haue
intreated
briefly
of
this
parte
.
Why
should
I
passe
ouer
Guydo
de
Gauliaco
,
who
onely
among
the
French
,
we
haue
knowne
to
haue
intreated
very
well
of
Chirurgerie
,
if
ye
regard
the
reason
of
the
arte
?
We
may
trulie
gather
by
his
rude
spéech
that
he
wanted
onelie
such
happie
time
wherein
he
coulde
not
come
to
the
knowledge
of
the
Gréeke
tongue
,
nor
to
the
pure
eloquence
of
the
Latine
tongue
,
whilest
at
that
time
ignorance
and
barbarousnesse
exercised
tyrannie
ouer
good
learning
,
which
was
the
cause
that
in
rehearsing
the
place
of
Galen
,
the
truth
of
the
author
was
much
desired
:
But
if
God
graunt
me
life
,
I
will
diuide
those
places
of
the
Arte
of
Medicine
,
from
the
common
place
,
I
trust
that
I
shall
helpe
Guido
,
and
I
will
of
a
barbarous
and
impure
writer
,
make
him
a
fine
and
eloquent
Latinist
,
&
restore
him
to
his
beutie
,
&
which
our
friend
Siluius
hath
performed
in
correcting
Mesueus
,
the
same
doe
I
faithfullie
promise
to
the
studious
,
to
multiplie
in
repairing
of
Guido
,
if
God
prosper
our
indeuours
,
although
perhaps
without
méete
or
equal
thanks
,
yet
shall
I
doe
it
with
due
labour
and
good
will
.
But
now
I
will
returne
to
my
purpose
,
for
manie
famous
men
,
and
authors
most
worthie
of
fauourable
commendations
,
haue
set
forth
this
arte
,
among
the
which
,
Guido
,
Vigonius
,
and
among
the
men
of
this
age
,
Tagaltius
being
my
fellowe
in
office
,
and
my
companion
in
my
studies
,
haue
done
greate
things
and
worthie
of
praise
,
in
amplifying
and
garnishing
this
part
,
whereby
it
may
be
gathered
,
how
much
is
vnto
this
art
to
be
attributed
,
which
so
many
renowmed
,
haue
each
one
in
his
workes
and
monuments
set
forth
,
increased
,
and
enriched
,
that
men
might
know
it
to
be
most
profible
,
and
in
effects
most
euident
among
all
the
partes
of
medicine
.
Now
must
we
show
what
are
the
duties
and
office
of
a
Chirurgion
,
and
howe
he
should
enterprise
the
same
,
for
there
be
thrée
chiefe
points
which
pertaineth
to
a
Chyrurgion
,
wherein
all
the
whole
reason
of
the
arte
séemeth
to
consist
.
The
first
doth
consist
in
loosing
and
separating
that
which
is
conioyned
.
The
second
is
,
in
ioyning
and
bringing
that
to
a
good
vnition
,
which
is
diuided
.
The
third
is
in
remoouing
and
taking
away
by
incision
,
or
otherwise
,
that
which
is
superfluous
.
Moreouer
,
the
Chirurgion
diuideth
continuitie
,
either
by
incision
,
by
cutting
off
,
by
letting
of
bloud
,
or
by
scarification
:
That
which
is
diuided
,
he
conioyneth
by
adglutination
of
wounds
,
and
by
restoring
,
of
displaced
bones
into
their
place
againe
,
and
also
by
curing
of
Fractures
,
that
is
to
say
,
broken
bones
.
And
he
cutteth
away
superfluous
mattier
by
taking
awaie
tumors
against
nature
,
&
that
by
the
ministration
of
the
hand
,
as
in
extirpation
diuers
waies
of
Ganglia
,
Carcinonata
,
otherwise
called
Cancer
,
Scirrus
,
Nodus
,
Strumas
,
&
other
of
that
kind
,
either
else
in
drawing
of
water
out
of
the
bellie
in
Hidrops
,
or
else
in
cutting
off
a
superfluous
finger
,
when
as
there
be
sixe
or
more
vpon
the
hand
,
or
else
by
taking
awaie
of
Cataracts
,
which
the
Gréekes
call
Ptirigion
,
or
the
web
in
the
eies
.
For
truelie
these
be
the
chiefe
duties
of
a
Chirurgion
,
and
the
operations
,
which
he
ought
most
trustelie
to
execute
.
Furthermore
,
that
is
,
when
he
hath
performed
all
these
things
,
safelie
,
readilie
,
and
quicklie
,
&
with
as
little
griefe
as
may
be
,
and
also
without
all
fraude
and
deceit
,
Galen
estéemeth
to
be
the
dutie
of
a
Phisition
that
cureth
rightlie
,
and
that
onelie
regardeth
the
vtilitie
of
the
sicke
:
For
these
be
things
which
cannot
otherwise
be
done
by
the
arte
of
Medicine
,
&
therefore
they
be
most
profitable
in
the
common
weale
,
and
the
artes
thereof
were
had
in
most
estimation
in
the
olde
time
,
as
the
auncient
writers
doe
declare
.
Therfore
so
profit
thou
,
saith
Hyppocrates
,
in
diseases
,
that
thou
hurt
them
not
.
This
scope
must
therefore
alwayes
be
had
in
those
things
,
that
the
Chirurgion
will
endeuour
to
doe
,
that
he
profit
the
sicke
,
and
take
in
hand
the
curation
of
diseases
with
good
faith
and
honest
,
and
with
a
beneficiall
will
towards
his
neighbour
,
and
whatsoeuer
he
knoweth
himselfe
able
to
cure
by
the
benefit
of
his
arte
,
that
let
him
enterprise
to
doe
with
all
diligence
,
but
inuinsible
and
incurable
diseases
,
such
are
Oculti
carni
,
Elephantiasis
,
and
old
Callous
,
hollow
and
fraudulent
vlcers
,
let
him
not
once
attempt
to
meddle
with
,
least
he
get
the
name
of
an
euyll
Surgion
.
And
further
,
because
that
we
haue
said
,
that
a
Chirurgion
must
safelie
cure
,
there
be
thrée
thinges
worthie
to
bée
noted
,
which
Galen
doth
mencion
in
his
xiiii
.
booke
,
De
methodo
medendi
,
vnto
all
the
which
the
diligent
Chirurgion
,
shal
safely
haue
regard
.
The
first
is
,
that
he
diligently
prosecute
the
perfection
of
his
worke
,
which
he
doth
enterprise
,
for
the
restoring
the
sick
person
to
his
health
.
The
second
is
,
if
he
may
not
obtein
this
scope
,
that
at
least
he
hurt
not
,
the
sicke
person
through
his
woorke
:
for
that
is
the
precept
of
Hippocrates
,
lib.
i.
Epid.
textu
.
50.
saying
,
Profit
thou
so
in
sicknesse
,
that
thou
hurt
not
.
The
third
and
last
is
,
that
thorough
diligent
care
,
the
disease
do
not
easely
returne
again
,
for
the
studie
of
the
Chirurgion
is
,
that
he
by
operation
,
may
remoue
all
the
diseases
and
griefes
which
are
in
mans
bodie
,
contrarie
to
nature
:
But
if
he
cannot
bring
this
thing
to
passe
,
then
let
him
take
his
chiefe
counsail
of
that
learned
sentence
of
Galen
,
how
he
should
remoue
these
hurts
.
Moreouer
,
the
cunning
artist
shall
practise
all
things
prosperously
,
if
he
will
studie
to
cure
diseases
,
by
their
indications
,
which
is
a
wittie
beginning
of
things
to
be
done
,
as
Galen
witnesseth
in
his
xiiii
.
booke
,
De
methodo
medendi
,
and
the
first
indication
,
is
the
conseruation
of
those
thinges
which
are
in
mans
body
,
according
to
nature
,
and
the
remouing
of
those
which
are
against
nature
.
Furthermore
,
those
thinges
which
be
in
mans
bodie
according
to
nature
,
are
kept
by
the
like
vse
of
their
lyke
,
&
those
which
be
against
nature
,
are
driuen
foorth
by
their
contraries
,
and
that
if
the
disease
doe
néede
such
méete
curation
:
But
notwithstanding
,
it
is
most
certaine
,
that
there
are
some
diseases
,
which
cannot
be
expelled
out
of
the
bodie
.
And
we
doe
know
them
by
this
,
when
as
the
effect
it selfe
,
of
his
owne
nature
,
and
whole
assencie
,
doth
refuse
all
orders
of
curing
,
as
the
disease
Elefantiasis
absoluta
,
&
as
men
commonly
call
it
confirmata
,
or
else
when
the
patient
(
although
the
disease
be
otherwise
curable
)
shall
continue
such
helpes
,
as
are
to
the
curation
necessarie
,
namely
cutting
away
,
as
in
Spaselus
,
or
else
adustion
or
incision
,
where
they
shal
be
néedefull
:
and
the
diseases
of
sicke
men
,
are
made
for
the
most
part
vncurable
,
either
by
the
tendernesse
of
the
patient
,
or
yelding
to
the
disease
.
In
like
maner
we
doe
call
such
diseases
vncurable
,
whose
curation
doth
giue
an
occasion
of
greater
euil
.
As
when
we
doe
studie
to
cure
Cancer
,
or
endeuer
to
helpe
dayly
fluxis
,
of
the
Hemordoes
,
except
one
hemorode
be
left
open
:
or
olde
vlcers
,
which
haue
had
a
long
issue
,
for
the
curation
of
these
,
doe
bring
for
the
most
part
,
more
daungerous
diseases
into
the
bodie
of
the
patient
:
wherefore
Hippocrates
,
in
his
sixt
,
xxxviiii
.
and
xii
.
Apoph
.
doth
affirme
,
that
it
is
best
to
leaue
this
disease
,
called
Cancros
occultos
vncured
,
and
so
of
olde
emorodes
,
except
one
be
left
vncured
,
for
else
it
is
more
daungerous
,
for
turning
into
a
dropsie
,
madnesse
,
or
consumpcio●…
And
because
we
haue
declared
before
the
office
of
Chirurgerie
,
which
can
not
be
exercised
without
his
fit
instruments
.
Now
we
will
shew
,
what
these
instruments
ought
to
be
,
by
the
which
a
furnished
artist
,
may
exercise
those
thinges
that
belongeth
to
this
arte
,
and
those
are
generally
two
,
that
is
to
saye
,
thinges
medicinall
,
and
things
manuall
,
of
the
first
kinde
are
these
,
order
of
dyet
,
which
must
be
had
in
curing
of
woundes
,
apostumes
,
vlcers
,
fractures
,
and
luxacions
:
then
letting
of
bloud
,
and
purging
,
and
also
locall
medicines
,
as
ointments
,
emplaisters
,
fomentacions
,
pouders
,
Cataplasmatas
,
and
other
thinges
of
that
kinde
.
And
séeing
that
great
daungers
doe
chaunce
,
by
appointing
the
order
of
diet
,
by
ministring
,
of
inward
medicines
,
and
by
letting
of
bloud
,
if
they
be
not
wel
administred
,
and
doe
both
often
,
bring
aswell
great
infamie
,
to
the
Chirurgion
,
as
detrement
,
to
the
sicke
patient
,
it
shall
be
méete
for
him
to
vse
the
councell
of
a
man
learned
in
the
arte
of
medicine
,
in
those
thinges
,
by
whose
prescription
,
he
may
assuredly
apply
helpes
to
the
health
of
the
sick
.
For
the
precribing
of
wholesome
dyet
,
the
omission
of
bloud
,
and
the
geuing
of
a
sollutiue
medicine
,
belong
to
a
maister
in
the
arte
of
medicine
.
For
these
are
helpes
of
great
waight
and
importaunce
,
and
such
as
require
a
man
of
great
wisedome
and
iudgement
,
and
of
no
lesse
prudence
and
exercise
.
Wherefore
I
can
not
but
be
gréeued
,
for
that
I
consider
a
great
many
men
,
to
worke
foolishly
,
let
mée
not
say
impudently
,
greatly
delighting
them selues
in
the
onely
dignitie
of
the
Arte
,
not
knowing
what
it
meaneth
,
which
doe
oftentimes
let
bloud
their
poore
patients
,
without
any
Indication
,
or
councel
,
of
one
learned
in
the
same
arte
,
or
of
some
graue
and
learned
Phisition
,
but
also
they
will
geue
inward
medicines
a
gods
name
,
a
matter
truely
most
worthie
,
of
publike
punishment
.
For
as
much
as
I
haue
séene
many
,
by
such
their
rash
,
and
bold
enterprises
,
brought
into
daunger
,
yea
,
and
some
haue
I
séene
miserably
languished
and
depriued
of
lyfe
.
Therefore
let
not
that
young
Chirurgion
,
which
would
be
estéemed
worthie
of
his
arte
,
presume
to
take
in
hande
these
thinges
,
without
the
councell
of
an
auncient
maister
,
learned
in
the
same
arte
,
or
else
a
graue
Phisition
,
such
a
one
which
is
learned
in
the
arte
of
medicine
,
the
matter
it selfe
geuing
also
such
libertie
or
time
.
But
otherwise
,
if
there
be
no
learned
maister
present
,
or
that
any
present
necessitie
doe
constraine
the
same
,
then
truely
,
the
younger
Chirurgions
may
bo●…t
bloud
,
and
also
if
néede
bée
,
minister
a
medicine
,
so
that
he
haue
good
erudicion
,
iudgement
and
experience
.
Moreouer
the
Vnguentes
,
where
with
the
Chirurgion
ought
to
be
furnished
,
and
the
same
to
haue
alwayes
in
his
saluetorie
,
as
these
,
Vnguentum
Basilicum
,
Vnguentum
Apostolorum
,
Vnguentum
Aureum
,
Vnguentum
Album
,
and
Vnguentum
de
Althea
,
as
Basilicon
,
to
superate
and
materate
,
and
Apostolicon
to
mundifie
and
clense
:
Vnguentum
Aureum
,
to
incarnate
and
to
fill
,
Vnguentum
Album
,
to
cicatrise
,
Vnguentum
de
Althea
,
to
cease
dolour
and
paine
,
and
to
make
soft
.
Moreouer
,
as
for
emplaisters
,
pouders
,
fomentations
,
and
such
like
,
the
expert
Chirurgion
,
doth
prescribe
of
them
very
many
sortes
,
according
to
the
reason
of
curing
.
And
these
are
the
medicinall
instruments
,
pertaining
to
the
art
of
Surgerie
.
By
the
manual
instruments
,
ye
shal
chiefely
vnderstand
instruments
of
yron
,
very
méete
&
most
necessarie
,
to
the
Chirurgions
vse
,
wherof
some
are
to
make
incision
,
&
to
cut
of
a
thing
other
some
are
to
draw
out
,
&
certaine
are
to
search
,
also
some
be
properly
to
stitch
or
sowe
,
and
other
some
to
make
adustion
,
to
cut
or
make
incision
.
Forfices
,
Nouacula
,
rasorius
,
scalpellum
,
Chirurgicum
,
for
Phlebotomie
,
seu
,
lancetam
,
forsipes
to
draw
out
,
called
commonly
Tenaculae
volcellae
,
seu
volcellae
,
which
in
French
they
call
pinsettas
,
the
crooked
hooke
,
vncus
seu
vncinus
,
and
that
Yron
instrument
which
the
Grecians
call
Diocleum
graphiscum
,
is
apt
as
Celcus
writeth
,
to
draw
out
arrowes
.
For
to
serch
,
we
doe
fitly
vse
a
probe
,
for
to
sow
,
a
néedell
and
a
quill
are
properly
vsed
,
and
to
adustion
diuerse
kindes
of
cauteries
,
commonly
called
actuall
,
are
occupied
,
and
for
the
variable
meanes
of
their
vse
,
they
haue
diuerse
figures
,
and
diuers
names
,
for
some
be
sharpe
at
the
point
,
and
other
be
not
,
and
other
cauteris
,
they
call
myrtea
,
oliuaria
,
dactilica
,
cultellaria
,
so
called
of
the
similitude
of
thinges
,
which
these
instrumentes
doe
represent
,
for
the
cauteris
called
Mirtia
,
doe
imitate
the
figure
of
the
leaues
of
Mirtills
,
Oliuaria
,
of
an
Oliefe
,
&
dactilica
,
of
the
Date
,
as
Cultellaria
,
doth
represent
the
forme
of
a
knife
,
these
are
the
common
instruments
necessarie
for
Chirurgions
.
There
are
certaine
other
instruments
proper
and
appointed
to
certaine
partes
of
the
bodie
,
as
modioli
,
which
the
common
Chirurgions
call
Trepans
,
malleus
,
scalpri
,
and
the
same
are
conuenient
to
scrape
,
cut
,
or
pul
out
bones
,
as
well
of
the
head
,
as
other
parts
,
euen
as
Falx
is
proper
to
the
fundament
,
speculum
oris
,
to
the
mouth
,
and
speculum
matricis
,
to
the
matrise
,
there
are
innumerable
other
sorts
of
instrumentes
,
conuenient
to
drawe
out
dartes
,
gunshots
,
&
other
infixed
things
,
whereof
to
speake
I
doe
now
cease
,
and
will
prepare
my selfe
,
to
set
out
a
Chirurgion
,
what
maner
a
man
the
best
Chirurgion
should
be
,
which
thing
,
I
often
times
haue
declared
to
be
the
chefe
effect
of
the
matter
,
for
wée
know
what
Galen
hath
saide
,
of
the
Phisition
,
aswell
in
his
booke
,
De
institutione
artis
medicinalis
,
as
also
in
the
third
booke
,
de
naturalibus
facultatibus
,
and
in
his
third
&
fourth
,
de
methodo
medendi
,
(
Galen
calleth
him
that
cureth
woundes
and
vlcers
,
medicus
,
that
is
to
say
,
a
Phisition
)
he
saith
,
that
the
Phisition
ought
to
be
prudent
and
well
exercised
,
and
also
he
ought
to
be
of
quicke
nature
,
and
of
pregnant
wit
,
that
he
may
promptly
obtaine
all
thinges
,
and
verie
well
instructed
in
learning
,
and
moreouer
appointed
to
the
best
maisters
to
learne
of
,
and
one
induring
labor
&
paine
,
a
great
louer
of
the
truth
,
&
studious
,
and
most
déeplie
vnderstanding
his
art
,
approoued
by
much
vse
and
long
experience
,
and
all
this
(
saie
I
)
must
be
applied
to
the
Chyrurgion
,
which
will
bée
most
excellent
,
&
estéemed
for
an
vndoubted
Artist
:
but
beside
these
,
there
be
certaine
things
which
doe
pertaine
priuatlie
to
a
Chyrurgion
,
as
to
the
manual
Artist
,
&
do
not
so
much
pertaine
to
the
ancient
maister
of
the
art
of
Medicine
,
for
a
Chyrurgion
ought
to
be
a
young
man
,
or
els
but
little
past
youth
,
that
is
,
betwéene
the
same
,
and
auncient
mans
estate
,
for
the
age
flourisheth
most
in
sense
&
strength
,
to
exercise
rightlie
whatsoeuer
belongeth
to
his
art
,
(
wherfore
they
which
are
aged
men
cannot
so
aptlie
bring
things
to
passe
which
arte
requireth
,
for
the
imbecilitie
of
their
senses
,
for
they
follow
them
rather
by
counsaile
.
)
Furthermore
,
he
must
haue
a
sure
and
strong
hand
,
and
steadfast
to
all
workes
that
hée
shall
doe
,
whether
it
be
to
make
incision
,
adustion
,
&
also
for
the
cutting
awaie
of
a
member
.
Also
it
behooueth
him
to
haue
a
quicke
and
cléere
eie
,
and
he
must
not
be
fearefull
of
mind
,
but
rather
without
pittie
,
if
he
do
intend
to
cure
him
that
he
taketh
in
hand
.
Furthermore
,
neither
let
him
make
the
more
hast
,
neither
let
him
cut
Canteries
,
or
cut
off
lesse
than
néede
requireth
,
for
the
clamor
or
crying
out
,
or
for
the
tendernesse
of
the
sicke
Patient
,
but
let
him
doe
all
things
as
though
he
heard
not
the
clamors
of
the
sicke
,
neither
let
his
minde
be
therwith
anie
thing
troubled
:
And
wée
haue
declared
that
a
Chyrurgion
ought
to
excell
in
learning
,
for
therein
chiefelie
doth
his
erudition
manifestly
appeare
,
if
he
vnderstand
exactlie
both
the
Theorike
and
the
Practike
parts
,
that
is
to
saie
,
to
know
things
naturall
and
not
naturall
,
and
also
those
that
are
against
nature
.
Also
if
hée
know
what
be
the
causes
of
wounds
,
vlcers
,
fractures
,
and
luxations
,
with
their
accidents
,
and
also
what
be
their
conuenient
remedies
,
and
how
to
remoue
the
same
:
In
lyke
manner
he
shall
excell
in
practise
,
if
hée
haue
had
much
and
good
exercise
in
the
operations
of
his
Arte
,
by
working
spéedelie
,
trimlie
,
and
readilie
,
&
consulting
with
the
auncient
maisters
of
the
same
arte
,
in
those
things
that
pertaine
to
Pharmaceuticen
&
Diateticen
.
And
although
he
vse
those
things
which
be
searched
out
by
reason
,
&
confirmed
by
frequent
vse
,
wherein
truelie
the
faith
and
honestie
of
a
Chyrurgion
séemeth
chieflie
to
consist
:
The
Chyrurgion
ought
to
be
as
it
were
,
of
a
natural
disposition
,
in
the
right
&
easie
obtaining
of
things
with
,
that
he
hath
to
do
,
of
a
stedfast
memory
,
of
a
quick
remembrance
,
handsome
in
his
doings
,
of
a
good
iudgement
,
diligent
and
apt
in
searching
,
or
inuenting
remedies
:
but
chieflie
of
all
,
as
concerning
manners
,
let
him
be
deuout
,
or
religious
towards
God
,
mercifull
of
minde
,
and
vnfearefull
in
sure
things
,
and
such
as
must
néedes
bée
done
,
and
in
things
doubtful
and
perillous
,
he
must
be
warie
and
not
too
rash
,
in
like
maner
he
must
be
familiar
,
gentle
,
and
pleasant
towards
his
Patients
,
milde
&
tractable
amongst
the
brethren
of
his
Arte
,
and
as
the
Gréekes
do
call
him
Philectairos
,
that
is
to
saie
,
a
louer
of
his
companions
.
Also
he
must
be
prudent
,
very
circumspect
,
and
slow
in
prognosticating
,
not
a
gréedie
catcher
,
chast
also
and
temperate
,
not
couetous
of
monie
,
for
he
which
doth
exercise
the
art
of
Chyrurgerie
rather
for
lucre
sake
&
desire
of
gaine
,
than
for
anie
good
wil
toward
his
neighbour
,
he
is
no
right
Chyrurgion
,
but
as
it
were
,
borne
out
of
time
,
and
thus
I
make
an
end
.
Thus
farre
I
haue
declared
vnto
you
the
saying
of
Valleriolus
that
learned
man
.
But
forasmuch
as
some
men
doe
more
regard
the
authorities
of
authors
,
than
they
doe
the
true
iudgement
of
reason
and
experience
,
which
two
are
the
foundation
of
all
Artes
,
and
wil
alleadge
and
saie
,
this
is
but
his
owne
inuention
,
wherfore
I
wil
not
beléeue
him
,
though
it
appeare
neuer
so
much
to
be
reasonable
,
shal
I
credit
one
or
two
mens
sayings
,
that
the
art
of
Chyrurgerie
is
so
auncient
,
or
that
the
instruments
appertaining
to
the
same
art
,
is
diet
and
medicaments
,
no
I
will
not
beléeue
it
,
for
those
instrumentes
doe
pertaine
onelie
to
Phisicke
,
and
not
to
Chirurgerie
,
for
the
instrumentes
of
Chyrurgerie
be
onelie
outward
medicines
,
as
Plaisters
,
Vnguents
,
oiles
,
pouders
,
&c.
with
a
great
many
of
yron
instruments
fit
for
his
art
,
wherefore
I
am
not
bounde
to
beléeue
Franciscus
Valleriolus
.
The
answere
.
My
friend
,
hast
thou
so
soone
forgotten
Hyppocrates
?
who
confuting
all
dispearsed
sects
,
did
conclude
,
That
diet
,
wherein
consisteth
the
gouernment
and
nourishment
of
the
sicke
man
:
That
purgations
being
necessarie
for
the
euacuation
of
euill
humours
.
And
also
outward
medicines
,
as
plaisters
,
vnguentes
,
oyles
,
balmes
,
&c.
That
all
these
thrée
were
vnited
together
by
the
authorie
of
Hyppocrates
,
and
that
in
no
case
they
might
be
separated
one
from
another
,
if
we
wil
rightlie
cure
the
body
of
man
,
and
follow
a
right
method
,
which
method
Hyppocrates
hath
constituted
and
set
forth
,
and
willeth
all
men
to
follow
the
same
.
Then
I
saie
,
either
we
must
breake
Hyppocrates
precepts
,
and
by
that
meanes
grow
into
ignorance
againe
,
either
else
we
must
follow
the
true
and
right
method
,
set
out
by
him
,
wherein
he
did
vse
all
these
instruments
generallie
and
indifferentlie
,
as
time
and
cause
dyd
require
.
And
also
Galen
,
as
it
may
more
at
large
appeare
in
his
fourth
booke
De
Methodo
Medendi
,
&
in
his
bookes
of
purging
medicaments
,
where
he
doth
confute
diuerse
Physitions
,
which
woulde
not
admit
purging
medicines
in
outward
diseases
,
as
Asclapiades
,
&c.
Saying
,
That
purging
medicaments
are
necessarie
to
be
vsed
,
where
there
be
great
and
daungerous
wounds
,
and
where
there
be
great
accidents
that
chanceth
vnto
the
same
,
to
purge
&
draw
awaie
the
superfluous
quantitie
of
those
humours
,
which
might
hurt
the
grieued
part
,
or
hinder
the
curation
thereof
,
as
he
doth
declare
in
the
same
booke
De
Methodo
Medendi
.
And
he
saith
in
his
bookes
of
purging
medicamentes
,
That
purgations
are
needfull
for
the
curation
of
Cancers
,
Herpis
,
Erisipulas
,
Spasalus
,
Gangrena
,
and
many
other
outward
griefes
which
chanceth
vnto
mans
bodie
.
And
he
doth
affirme
,
that
without
these
things
,
he
could
not
haue
brought
to
health
his
diseased
patients
.
Thus
it
doth
manifestly
appere
both
by
Hyppocrates
&
Galen
,
that
these
be
not
onelie
generall
instruments
,
but
also
common
instrumentes
,
and
therefore
of
necessitie
must
be
vsed
,
either
else
the
Chirurgion
must
leaue
these
euill
affects
vncured
,
which
he
ought
take
first
to
indication
off
.
Obiection
.
Yea
sir
,
you
saie
verie
well
,
for
in
the
time
of
Hyppocrates
and
Galen
,
the
Chyrurgions
were
Phisitions
,
and
were
great
learned
men
,
and
vnderstoode
all
partes
of
the
arte
,
and
the
nature
of
Medicines
both
simple
and
compound
,
wherefore
it
was
lawfull
for
them
to
vse
all
these
instruments
generallie
&
indifferentlie
,
but
it
is
not
so
,
for
our
Chyrurgions
,
and
that
I
will
proue
by
the
authoritie
of
Tagaultius
,
in
his
institution
of
Chyrurgerie
.
The
aunswere
.
You
haue
sayd
verie
well
sir
,
and
by
him
I
am
verie
well
content
to
be
iudged
,
for
he
is
both
a
man
of
excellent
learning
,
and
also
worthie
to
haue
perpetuall
fame
,
for
his
painfull
trauaile
in
that
excellent
booke
of
Chyrurgerie
,
&
that
we
may
the
sooner
come
to
our
purpose
,
I
will
recite
a
few
of
his
sayings
,
whereas
he
declareth
what
the
art
of
Chyrurgerte
is
,
and
what
manner
of
man
hée
must
be
,
and
what
properties
he
must
haue
,
that
ought
to
vse
the
same
arte
,
how
he
should
be
trained
vp
in
the
same
art
,
and
what
is
the
subiect
of
the
same
,
and
what
be
the
things
that
he
must
cure
the
same
subiects
with
,
&
with
what
instruments
the
same
must
be
cured
.
Now
I
will
recite
you
certaine
sentences
,
as
héereafter
followeth
,
which
are
taken
forth
of
the
same
booke
of
Tagaultius
,
that
you
before
haue
alleadged
,
and
I
trust
being
well
and
indifferentlie
construed
,
shall
make
more
with
my
sayings
than
with
yours
.
The
wordes
of
Iohannes
Tagaltius
,
declared
in
his
booke
vpon
the
art
of
Chirurgerie
.
TO
the
exact
knowledge
of
the
arte
or
science
,
which
is
called
Chyrurgerie
,
it
behooueth
the
Artist
to
know
foure
things
.
First
,
what
Chyrurgerie
is
,
what
is
the
matter
subiect
to
Chirurgerie
,
what
is
the
end
of
Chirurgerie
,
and
also
what
order
is
to
be
obserued
&
kept
in
the
learning
of
Chirurgerie
.
And
we
doe
knowe
what
Chirurgerie
is
by
thrée
manner
of
waies
.
First
,
by
the
Etimologie
of
the
word
or
name
,
by
his
definition
,
and
by
his
diuision
:
Chirurgerie
after
his
Etimologie
,
is
called
the
operation
with
the
hand
,
for
it
is
named
Apo
tes
chiros
,
cai
tou
ergou
,
that
is
to
saie
,
of
the
hande
,
and
his
worke
,
because
this
Arte
is
exercised
by
the
administration
with
the
hand
,
and
héereof
commeth
it
to
passe
,
that
the
minister
with
the
hand
is
called
Chirurgus
,
that
is
to
saie
,
a
Chirurgion
:
Chirurgerie
according
to
the
assentiall
definition
,
is
an
Arte
,
which
by
the
administration
of
the
hand
,
doth
expell
&
driue
awaie
sicknesse
out
of
mans
bodie
,
whereof
chieflie
&
principallie
it
taketh
cure
and
charge
,
or
else
Chirurgerie
is
an
art
,
which
by
the
cunning
working
with
the
hand
,
doth
put
awaie
or
remoue
the
sicknesses
or
diseases
of
mans
bodie
.
The
matter
subiect
to
the
art
of
Chirurgery
,
&
the
whole
intention
which
the
Artist
doth
occupie
himselfe
about
,
is
onlie
mans
bodie
,
subiect
to
diseases
&
infirmities
,
which
diseases
and
infirmities
requireth
the
help
of
medicaments
,
ministred
by
the
hand
:
For
all
things
that
the
art
of
Chirurgerie
doth
finde
out
either
by
reason
or
experience
,
it
teacheth
the
same
to
be
done
by
the
administration
of
the
hand
,
to
the
vtilitie
&
profit
of
mannes
bodie
.
Furthermore
,
Chyrurgerie
is
diuided
into
two
parts
,
that
is
to
saie
,
into
Theorike
and
Practike
.
The
Theorike
part
doth
teach
,
and
is
a
science
obteined
by
demonstration
,
&
by
knowing
the
principles
of
the
art
.
This
part
a
man
may
haue
,
although
hée
neuer
exercise
or
practise
anie
parte
of
the
same
,
as
the
learned
Phisitions
and
other
learned
men
which
dailie
readeth
the
principles
of
Chirurgerie
:
But
the
Practike
parte
of
Chirurgerie
,
is
an
arte
which
doth
rightlie
and
readilie
,
by
the
administration
of
the
hand
vse
such
things
as
are
inuented
amongst
mechanical
arts
,
which
part
no
man
can
be
perfect
in
,
except
he
be
brought
vp
and
exercised
in
the
same
.
And
doth
both
continuallie
sée
other
expert
men
worke
in
the
same
arte
,
&
diligentlie
obserue
such
things
as
he
dooth
sée
wrought
.
Now
these
two
partes
are
commonlie
exercised
about
these
griefes
,
with
their
accidents
,
that
is
to
saie
,
tumors
against
nature
,
gréene
wounds
,
vlcers
,
fractures
,
&
dislocations
,
with
such
like
,
which
requireth
the
helpe
of
the
hand
.
Therefore
ther
are
required
foure
things
in
a
good
Chyrurgion
:
first
,
that
he
be
learned
&
verie
skilfull
in
the
principles
of
his
art
:
secondly
,
that
he
be
wel
brought
vp
vnder
some
cunning
man
,
&
wel
experienced
:
thirdly
,
that
he
be
ingenious
&
wise
:
fourthlie
,
that
he
be
of
good
&
honest
manners
,
and
of
a
vertuous
life
.
The
erudition
and
learning
of
a
Chyrurgion
doth
consist
in
knowledge
of
naturall
things
,
thinges
not
naturall
,
and
things
against
nature
.
The
experience
of
a
Chyrurgion
doth
consist
in
those
thinges
that
are
found
out
by
reason
,
and
confirmed
by
dailie
vse
and
experimenting
of
them
,
for
otherwise
he
will
bée
accounted
a
r●…e
emperike
,
which
ioyned
not
reason
with
experience
.
To
be
ingenious
and
wise
,
it
is
verie
necessarie
,
for
he
ought
to
haue
a
readie
wit
to
conceiue
things
,
and
a
firme
memorie
in
calling
of
them
to
remembrance
,
a
discréete
and
right
iudgement
,
an
excellent
perfection
in
working
,
a
diligent
and
readie
wit
in
inuenting
and
finding
out
of
remedies
to
helpe
his
grieued
Patient
withall
.
The
manners
and
conditions
required
in
a
Chirurgion
,
is
boldnesse
,
and
a
minde
voide
of
feare
,
in
necessarie
things
,
and
in
the
time
of
necessitie
,
and
not
to
be
too
rash
in
matters
of
doubt
and
perill
,
gentle
and
milde
towards
his
Patients
,
and
to
those
of
his
profession
,
to
be
curteous
and
gentle
,
yea
,
and
as
the
Gréekes
call
him
Philitairos
,
that
is
a
louer
of
his
fellowes
,
he
ought
also
to
be
prudent
and
circumspect
in
prognosticating
,
vertuous
and
temperate
of
life
,
mercifull
toward
the
poore
,
and
not
gréedie
of
monie
,
hauing
these
properties
,
hée
may
procéede
orderlie
in
learning
the
art
of
Chyrurgerie
:
and
the
order
to
be
obserued
in
the
same
,
is
to
begin
with
easie
things
,
(
or
as
we
may
tearme
them
)
common
things
,
to
perticular
,
or
from
vniuersal
things
,
to
those
that
be
lesse
vniuersall
,
also
from
things
most
manifest
and
knowen
,
to
things
more
obscure
,
darke
,
and
vnknowen
.
Hetherto
we
haue
spoken
of
that
part
which
doth
appertaine
to
the
knowledge
of
Chyrurgerie
,
and
now
we
will
intreate
of
the
execution
and
operations
of
the
same
.
The
operations
which
a
Chirurgion
executeth
about
the
bodie
of
man
,
that
he
may
bring
to
passe
his
intended
scope
and
desired
end
,
are
thrée
,
that
is
,
to
diuide
and
separate
things
contayned
,
to
ioyne
and
vnite
together
that
which
is
diuided
,
&
to
take
awaie
that
thing
which
is
superfluous
.
We
diuide
and
separate
that
thing
which
is
contained
by
incision
and
excision
,
and
by
letting
of
bloud
and
scarification
:
we
doe
also
ioyne
and
vnite
together
that
which
is
diuided
,
by
consolidating
of
wounds
,
and
restoring
of
members
dislocated
,
into
their
proper
places
,
and
curing
of
fractures
.
Wée
take
awaie
that
which
is
superfluous
,
by
remoouing
of
tumours
against
nature
,
as
Ganglia
,
Nodus
,
Cancers
,
Strumas
,
Mirmecias
,
and
by
drawing
of
water
out
of
the
bellies
of
such
as
haue
the
Dropsie
,
or
by
cutting
off
such
members
as
be
superfluous
,
and
to
doe
those
things
quicklie
and
readilie
,
with
a
good
zeale
toward
his
patient
,
and
not
to
make
anie
vaine
promises
for
monie
,
or
to
take
in
hande
those
grifes
which
cannot
be
cured
,
and
that
he
may
more
perfectlie
,
readilie
,
and
safelie
,
doe
those
things
,
it
is
requisite
that
he
doe
consider
thrée
speciall
indications
,
according
to
the
saying
of
Galen
,
that
is
to
saie
:
First
,
the
conseruation
of
those
things
which
be
naturall
,
and
the
expulsion
of
those
which
be
against
nature
:
The
second
indication
sheweth
whether
we
may
bring
to
passe
and
fulfill
that
which
the
indication
doth
require
,
that
is
,
whether
we
can
conserue
that
which
is
natural
,
and
take
awaie
that
which
is
against
nature
:
The
third
indication
is
that
which
findeth
out
remedie
,
&
dooth
declare
vnto
vs
with
what
things
we
may
accomplish
that
which
the
first
indication
requireth
,
and
the
second
giueth
leaue
to
be
done
:
touching
the
indication
which
consisteth
in
the
conseruation
of
naturall
things
,
they
be
sixe
,
that
is
to
saie
,
health
,
or
a
naturall
aptnesse
,
in
doing
the
actions
.
The
cause
of
health
,
the
effects
of
health
,
which
is
the
action
according
to
nature
:
strength
,
which
doth
alwayes
contend
against
sicknes
:
custome
which
is
like
another
nature
:
Complections
and
temperaments
which
are
to
be
conserued
and
kept
,
be
their
like
.
Nowe
,
for
those
things
which
be
against
nature
,
which
we
ought
to
expell
and
driue
awaie
,
are
thrée
in
number
,
that
is
,
sicknesse
,
which
is
an
effect
against
nature
of
it selfe
,
and
first
hurteth
the
action
,
the
cause
of
sicknesse
,
and
the
accidents
,
or
Symptomata
,
which
followeth
the
sicknesse
,
as
the
shadow
doth
the
bodie
:
All
these
things
are
cured
and
put
away
by
their
contrarie
,
but
forasmuch
as
the
expulsion
or
curation
of
things
doth
principallie
consist
either
in
simple
or
in
compound
things
.
Note
,
that
which
is
simple
is
cured
by
his
contrarie
,
&
that
which
is
compound
,
by
their
contraries
.
-
-
Solution
of
vn●itie
.
-
Heate
.
-
Coldnesse
.
-
Drinesse
.
-
Moistnesse
.
-
Superfluous
,
quantitie
.
-
Quantitie
diminished
.
-
Abounding
,
in
number
-
Number
diminished
.
-
Obstruction
.
-
Straightnesse
.
-
Inlarging
.
-
Figure
altered
.
-
Luxation
.
by
-
Vnition
.
-
Coldnesse
.
-
Heate
.
-
Moistnesse
.
-
Drinesse
.
-
Diminution
.
-
Augmentation
.
-
Taking
awaie
.
-
Putting
to
.
-
Opening
.
-
Inlarging
.
-
Astriction
.
-
Reduction
to
his
forme
-
Restoring
to
his
place
.
In
like
manner
in
compound
sicknesses
,
we
must
both
consider
the
contrarietie
of
euerie
simple
sicknesse
,
and
also
in
applying
apt
and
conuenient
medicaments
for
the
same
:
But
the
indication
for
applying
remedies
is
taken
of
that
sicknesse
,
which
must
first
be
cured
,
and
that
whose
cure
is
the
curation
of
another
,
and
that
without
whose
cure
,
the
other
cannot
be
cured
,
yea
,
and
that
which
most
grieueth
the
Patient
,
and
is
most
dangerous
,
is
first
to
be
cured
.
The
second
indication
is
that
which
sheweth
whether
we
may
bring
to
passe
that
which
the
first
indication
doth
require
,
that
is
to
conserue
things
naturall
,
and
to
expell
those
that
be
against
nature
,
therefore
this
indication
is
taken
of
thinges
naturall
,
as
whether
health
may
be
restored
or
not
,
&
whether
the
strength
of
the
patient
sufficeth
for
life
or
not
,
and
whether
the
cause
of
health
may
be
conserued
,
and
so
of
the
rest
.
The
indication
taken
of
things
against
nature
,
is
whether
we
may
cure
the
sicknesse
,
with
his
accidence
or
not
,
&
whether
we
may
resist
the
cause
of
these
two
,
or
not
,
&
this
is
to
be
knowen
thrée
waies
.
First
,
when
the
sicknesse
of
his
owne
proper
nature
is
incurable
,
as
Elephantiasis
absolute
,
and
as
they
tearme
it
,
confirmed
,
or
when
the
sicke
patient
refuseth
his
necessarie
remedies
,
when
the
diseases
are
curable
.
As
for
example
,
the
cutting
awaie
of
a
member
,
in
which
there
is
a
Cancer
,
&c.
Or
when
the
curation
bringeth
a
worse
and
more
perillous
disease
,
as
olde
Cancer
being
cured
,
or
continuall
Emorodes
,
for
if
you
cure
these
,
there
is
daunger
of
life
,
or
of
madnesse
,
or
of
consumption
.
Nowe
,
the
third
indication
doth
teach
conuenient
remedies
for
their
curation
,
their
vse
,
and
instruments
,
wherewith
it
is
brought
to
passe
.
The
first
of
these
instruments
is
an
apt
diet
or
regiment
in
the
vi
.
things
not
natural
.
The
second
is
,
Pharmacon
(
which
he
vnderstandeth
for
purging
medicaments
.
)
Also
letting
of
bloud
,
with
plaisters
,
vnguents
,
pouders
,
&c.
But
in
the
two
first
,
the
Chirurgion
must
consult
with
the
learned
&
graue
Physition
.
There
be
many
yron
instruments
,
beside
these
medicinall
instruments
,
which
be
both
proper
and
common
for
this
arte
,
as
héereafter
followeth
.
Thus
farre
we
haue
spoken
the
wordes
of
Tagaltius
,
as
they
be
set
forth
in
his
booke
of
Chirurgerie
,
as
well
for
his
definition
of
Chirurgerie
,
as
for
the
antiquitie
thereof
,
and
also
what
manner
of
conditions
hée
ought
to
haue
,
what
learning
he
ought
to
be
brought
vp
in
,
and
what
he
ought
to
learne
first
,
and
what
last
,
and
what
is
the
matter
or
subiect
proper
to
his
art
,
and
what
instruments
the
artist
must
haue
,
both
common
and
proper
,
to
〈◊〉
and
bring
to
passe
withall
his
desired
scope
and
〈◊〉
of
his
worke
,
which
is
the
curation
of
mannes
bodie
in
these
thinges
that
hée
hath
charge
of
.
This
is
the
effect
of
the
words
of
Franciscus
Valleriolus
,
as
well
as
of
Iohannes
Tagaultius
,
as
it
may
appeare
in
their
words
héere
aboue
written
Now
my
friend
,
where
you
did
alleadge
Tagaultius
to
proue
that
a
Chirurgion
ought
not
to
minister
diet
and
Purgations
,
neither
yet
anie
inward
medicines
,
for
that
you
saie
,
it
doth
propertie
appertaine
to
Phisicke
,
it
séemeth
to
me
by
the
wordes
of
Tagaultius
,
that
it
maketh
little
for
your
purpose
.
Obiection
.
No
sir
,
by
your
saying
both
Valleriolus
and
Tagaultius
saith
the
contrarie
,
doe
not
they
saie
,
that
a
Chirurgion
ought
not
to
giue
inward
medicines
,
without
the
counsaile
of
a
Phisition
?
and
declareth
what
inconuenience
hath
come
by
the
vndiscréete
ministring
of
the
same
?
I
take
this
to
be
a
sufficient
proofe
.
The
answere
.
No
not
so
sir
,
we
may
not
confound
the
instruments
,
which
are
necessarie
to
an
Arte
,
because
that
some
Artists
doe
abuse
their
instruments
,
neither
Tagaultius
nor
Valleriolus
meane
so
,
but
their
meaning
was
,
that
those
that
did
practise
the
Arte
of
Chyrurgerie
,
which
dyd
not
vnderstand
or
knowe
the
principles
of
their
arte
,
neyther
the
causes
of
diseases
,
nor
yet
the
diseases
themselues
,
nor
how
to
take
indication
for
the
curation
,
neither
yet
knoweth
the
nature
of
the
medicines
which
he
doth
minister
.
These
be
they
that
Tagaultius
and
other
learned
men
do
reproue
,
which
I
must
néeds
confesse
,
ought
not
onelie
to
be
forbidden
in
inward
medicines
,
but
also
outward
medicines
,
for
if
I
should
speake
of
all
mischiefes
that
hath
bene
done
by
the
applications
of
outward
medicines
,
how
some
hath
bene
maimed
and
vndone
for
euer
,
and
other
some
brought
to
death
,
the
number
of
them
would
séeme
verie
strange
vnto
you
,
and
therefore
we
will
let
it
passe
at
this
time
,
with
praier
vnto
almightie
God
for
his
mercifull
helpe
héerein
,
that
he
may
moue
the
hart
of
the
Prince
,
with
the
Magistrates
of
this
Realme
,
to
take
such
order
for
the
safegard
of
the
people
,
and
for
the
honour
of
this
Realme
,
&
for
that
that
learned
men
may
be
the
better
incouraged
to
studie
this
arte
.
But
as
concerning
the
instruments
,
there
is
neither
these
two
men
,
neither
yet
anie
other
before
their
time
,
since
the
time
of
Galen
,
that
hath
forbidden
the
vse
of
them
to
the
Chirurgion
,
for
both
these
men
doth
put
them
in
their
bookes
,
as
most
common
and
special
instruments
,
affirming
them
as
most
speciall
instruments
pertaining
to
the
art
of
Chirurgerie
,
that
without
these
,
those
euill
and
vicious
humours
that
hindereth
the
curation
of
vlcers
,
tumours
against
nature
,
&c.
cannot
be
purged
awaie
,
neither
can
the
temperaments
&
other
naturall
things
of
the
bodie
be
kept
in
perfect
state
,
without
an
apt
and
méete
diet
.
But
for
to
counsaile
with
the
Phisition
,
being
a
graue
and
learned
man
,
in
the
principles
of
this
arte
:
In
matters
of
waight
,
I
take
it
to
be
verie
necessarie
,
for
what
is
he
that
is
wise
,
that
will
refuse
the
counsaile
of
a
wise
and
a
learned
man
,
and
speciallie
of
him
that
professeth
the
principles
of
the
same
arte
,
for
Phisiologia
,
whereof
the
Phisition
taketh
his
name
,
is
the
first
and
chiefest
parte
,
which
he
that
worketh
in
the
art
of
medicine
doth
proue
,
for
that
it
doth
consist
in
the
knowledge
of
the
seauen
natural
things
,
and
in
the
residue
therevnto
appertaining
.
But
yet
this
doth
not
followe
,
that
a
learned
an
expert
Chyrurgion
should
not
vse
diet
and
Purgations
,
and
other
inward
medicines
at
all
times
when
néede
doth
require
:
for
if
you
would
so
vnderstand
it
,
one
part
of
their
sayings
should
repugne
against
another
,
and
so
confound
the
whole
,
but
their
mening
was
,
that
the
vnlearned
Chirurgions
,
and
these
that
be
younge
men
,
which
be
not
well
practised
,
that
they
shoulde
take
counsayle
as
well
of
the
learned
Physition
,
as
of
the
learned
Chyrurgion
,
for
this
Arte
is
so
ioyneed
togeather
,
that
neyther
maye
the
partes
bée
diuided
,
neyther
yet
the
Instrumentes
,
without
the
ouerthrowe
and
destruction
of
she
whole
Arte
,
for
it
was
neuer
perfect
before
the
time
of
Hyppocrates
,
till
that
hée
ioyned
all
these
partes
and
Instrumentes
together
,
and
taught
a
perfect
method
and
waie
of
curing
,
by
a
right
vsing
and
ministring
of
the
same
.
I
for
my
part
haue
read
no
few
authors
,
not
onelie
of
the
Grecians
,
but
also
of
the
Arabians
,
&
of
the
Latinists
,
yet
could
I
neuer
●…nde
,
in
any
of
their
worke●
,
that
they
doe
write
of
Chirurgerie
,
where
they
doe
leaue
out
dyet
and
parging
medicines
,
&
apointing
the
Chirurgion
onely
to
cure
with
outward
medicines
,
for
I
am
certaine
,
that
in
all
their
scope
of
curing
,
both
of
tumors
against
nature
,
of
vlcers
,
&c.
That
their
first
indication
is
,
to
take
away
those
euell
affected
which
may
let
the
curation
,
(
that
is
to
say
)
to
remoue
away
these
euell
humors
,
which
might
repaire
vnto
the
greued
part
,
and
also
to
alter
such
distemperatures
,
by
conuenient
dyet
,
and
other
thinges
,
as
might
be
hurtful
vnto
the
same
,
and
then
to
procéede
with
locall
remedies
,
by
outward
application
vnto
the
greued
part
.
This
is
Galens
doctrine
also
,
that
no
strong
medicine
shal
be
outwardly
applyed
,
for
the
resoluing
of
inflammations
,
before
the
bodie
be
purged
.
And
furthermore
,
in
virulent
,
and
malignant
vlcers
,
which
Galen
nameth
Cacoethe
,
and
where
the
bodie
is
full
of
euill
and
vicious
humors
,
which
humors
,
Galen
calleth
Caccochimia
,
these
faith
Galen
,
must
be
purged
away
,
before
we
procéede
to
the
cure
of
the
vlcer
,
for
otherwaies
,
the
vlcer
may
not
be
cured
,
and
if
it
bée
,
it
wil
come
againe
,
either
in
the
same
place
,
or
else
in
some
other
,
or
else
the
same
humors
not
being
euacuated
,
may
be
the
cause
of
some
other
greater
disease
,
in
the
body
,
worse
then
that
which
was
cured
,
wherfore
Galen
doth
reproue
Thesalus
,
in
his
fourth
booke
called
Therapenticon
,
saying
,
Thesalus
goeth
about
to
cut
away
the
lippes
of
the
vlcer
,
&
to
apply
his
Malagma
,
of
Mustard
seede
,
by
meanes
whereof
he
hath
inflamed
all
the
parte
,
and
made
the
vlcer
worse
,
then
it
was
before
,
not
taking
any
indication
of
the
affect
,
neither
yet
of
the
cause
thereof
,
by
meanes
whereof
,
he
committed
great
errour
,
as
Galen
doth
say
,
and
was
accompted
for
a
rude
emperike
,
and
for
an
vnskilfull
Phisition
.
Obiection
.
Why
sir
,
it
séemeth
to
mée
by
your
wordes
,
and
by
the
saying
of
these
men
,
that
be
learned
in
the
arte
,
that
Phisicke
and
Chirurgerie
are
both
one
arte
,
and
I
will
assure
you
,
if
these
woordes
be
true
,
which
you
recite
of
Hippocrates
and
Galen
,
that
they
were
both
Phisitions
and
Chirurgions
,
and
vsed
all
the
whole
arte
together
,
then
I
must
néedes
concéeue
,
that
the
vsing
of
all
these
partes
together
,
made
them
so
excellent
men
,
and
of
such
notable
fame
,
and
that
your
deuiding
the
arte
in
two
partes
,
and
exercising
the
same
seuerally
,
hath
made
you
that
be
both
Phisitions
and
Chirurgions
,
vnexpert
,
to
the
greate
detriment
,
and
ill
report
of
the
whole
arte
.
Wherefore
I
most
hartely
desire
you
,
for
that
that
I
may
know
,
both
the
art
,
and
the
artist
the
better
,
to
declare
the
diuision
of
these
fiue
parts
,
which
you
haue
spoken
of
before
,
perteining
vnto
these
artists
.
Sir
,
I
will
right
gladly
doe
the
best
that
I
can
,
to
satisfie
your
desire
,
although
I
haue
not
that
learning
,
in
the
Gréeke
and
Latine
tongue
,
which
I
would
wish
for
your
sake
,
that
I
had
,
and
also
which
this
arte
doeth
require
in
him
,
that
shall
presisely
set
footh
the
same
,
yet
with
the
little
learning
that
I
haue
,
and
according
to
reason
and
experience
,
which
two
be
the
foundations
of
euerie
arte
,
as
Galen
doth
say
in
his
third
booke
,
de
Methodo
medendi
,
I
will
doe
my
indeuour
,
to
declare
vnto
you
these
parts
,
in
as
few
woords
as
I
can
,
desiring
you
to
accept
my
good
will
,
and
if
I
haue
left
out
any
thing
,
by
the
reason
of
the
briefenesse
of
my
writing
,
which
other
learned
men
doe
finde
fault
with
all
,
them
I
most
heartely
desire
them
,
both
for
curtesie
,
and
humanitie
sake
,
to
amend
the
faults
that
they
shall
finde
,
and
in
so
doing
,
they
shal
not
onely
be
profitable
to
the
common
welth
,
in
the
furtheraunce
of
this
arte
,
but
also
bynde
mee
during
my
life
,
to
honor
them
,
serue
them
,
and
loue
them
,
and
incourage
mée
to
take
further
paines
,
to
the
vttermost
of
my
power
.
Now
that
wée
may
accomplish
our
former
talke
,
as
concerning
these
fiue
parts
,
pertaining
to
the
arte
of
medicine
,
which
haue
bene
set
out
,
by
these
names
,
of
the
auncient
Phisitions
,
long
before
Galens
time
,
as
I
haue
declared
vnto
you
before
.
-
The
parts
.
-
Phisiologia
.
-
Pathologia
.
-
Hygiena
.
-
Semiotica
.
-
Theraputica
.
Partaining
to
the
arte
of
medicine
.
The
first
part
called
Phisiologia
,
is
that
which
doth
consider
the
vnnaturall
thinges
,
whereof
the
bodie
of
man
is
made
,
as
Elementes
,
temperaments
,
humours
,
members
,
spirites
,
vertues
,
and
operations
.
The
Elements
be
foure
,
as
Fier
,
Ayer
,
Water
,
and
Earth
.
The
humours
be
foure
,
also
:
as
Bloud
,
Choller
,
Flegme
,
Melancholy
.
And
the
temperaments
be
foure
likewise
,
as
hot
,
colde
,
moyst
,
and
drye
.
These
foure
are
the
matter
,
whereby
all
the
members
of
the
bodie
are
made
with
,
the
temperamentes
,
and
spirites
,
therein
conteined
,
and
he
that
shall
cure
the
bodie
of
man
rightly
,
must
chiefely
vnderstand
,
how
to
conserue
euery
one
of
these
,
by
their
like
,
and
to
expel
and
remoue
from
them
,
their
contraries
.
For
the
knowledge
of
these
,
it
doth
behoue
the
artist
to
haue
long
experience
,
and
chiefely
in
that
part
,
which
wee
call
the
Anathomie
of
mans
bodie
,
which
is
the
deuiding
and
seperating
of
dead
bodies
,
that
wée
may
therby
vnderstand
all
the
partes
of
the
same
bodie
,
with
theyr
position
,
figure
,
number
,
place
,
nature
,
temperature
,
office
,
and
affects
,
and
also
to
know
their
names
,
and
true
diuisions
,
and
which
be
similer
,
and
which
be
compound
,
and
instrumentall
,
for
of
the
simuler
and
simple
members
,
the
compound
are
made
.
Simuler
parts
,
be
these
,
bones
,
cartilages
,
ligamentes
,
membranas
,
or
panicles
,
fleshe
,
nerues
,
arteries
,
veines
,
fatnesse
,
and
the
skinne
.
These
be
called
simuler
parts
,
whereof
the
instrumentall
or
compound
partes
are
made
,
and
some
requireth
more
of
these
,
and
some
lesse
,
according
to
the
necessitie
of
the
member
,
for
some
member
doth
require
all
these
,
and
some
doth
not
.
The
compound
or
instrumentall
members
,
be
the
head
,
the
heart
,
the
liuer
,
the
legges
,
the
eyes
,
and
all
other
like
.
Which
member
both
simuler
,
and
compounde
,
the
Chirurgion
ought
to
know
,
with
their
natures
,
temperatures
,
and
actions
,
and
their
other
necessarie
properties
,
or
else
he
cannot
rightly
cure
them
,
when
they
are
greued
,
and
hurt
.
But
in
the
curing
of
them
that
he
hurt
,
he
shall
distemper
them
that
be
quiet
,
for
how
can
he
conserue
the
right
temperament
of
any
thing
,
whose
temperature
he
knoweth
not
,
that
is
vnpossible
,
except
it
be
by
chaunce
,
as
the
blinde
man
shooteth
at
a
Crowe
,
and
hitteth
one
by
misfortune
,
or
as
Galen
doth
compare
him
,
which
knoweth
not
the
partes
of
mans
bodie
,
with
their
nature
,
vnto
a
blinde
Carpinter
,
which
cannot
sée
his
woorke
,
cutting
more
or
lesse
,
then
is
necessarie
,
by
meanes
whereof
,
his
woorke
doth
neuer
come
to
a
good
perfection
.
Therefore
,
who
so
euer
is
not
expert
,
as
I
haue
saide
before
in
the
temperamentes
,
and
natures
of
these
parts
,
he
can
neither
cure
wounds
,
nor
vlcers
,
neither
yet
any
other
thing
rightly
,
neither
can
he
tell
by
what
way
the
vlcer
,
or
wound
shal
be
cured
,
neither
whether
it
may
be
cured
,
or
not
,
neither
yet
,
whether
any
cause
doe
remaine
,
that
may
let
the
curation
,
neither
how
to
remoue
the
same
,
nor
whether
nature
and
strength
,
may
suffer
the
same
causes
to
be
remoued
,
nor
how
to
maintaine
the
strength
,
and
temperaments
of
the
same
bodie
,
for
he
being
ignorant
in
these
seuen
naturall
thinges
,
whereof
the
bodie
of
man
consisteth
,
which
bodie
being
subiect
to
the
arte
of
medicine
,
he
must
of
necessitie
I
say
,
be
also
ignoraunt
,
not
onely
of
the
preseruation
of
health
,
with
his
temperaments
,
but
also
to
be
ignoraunt
in
the
curation
of
hurtes
,
and
diseases
,
which
chaunceth
vnto
our
bodies
.
Wherefore
in
fewe
woordes
,
I
haue
proued
here
,
bothe
by
reason
and
by
experience
,
that
the
knowledge
of
this
part
named
Phisiologia
,
doeth
chiefely
,
and
specially
,
apertein
to
the
arte
of
Chirurgerie
,
and
without
the
knowledge
hereof
,
we
shal
neuer
rightly
,
or
methodically
,
cure
any
maner
of
wound
,
griefe
,
or
disease
,
neither
is
he
worthie
to
take
the
name
of
a
Phisition
,
neither
yet
of
a
Chirurgion
,
but
to
be
called
by
the
name
of
an
Emprike
,
or
experimenter
,
curing
onely
by
chaunce
,
without
any
reason
,
but
euen
as
the
blinde
Carpenter
,
which
Galen
hath
spoken
of
before
,
sometime
cutting
to
much
,
and
some
time
to
little
,
and
many
times
marring
all
his
woorke
,
for
want
of
skill
,
ere
that
he
beware
.
Now
to
conclude
,
for
this
first
part
,
he
that
will
be
further
instructed
herein
,
let
him
reade
Hip.
de
natura
hominis
,
humoribus
,
elamentis
,
de
natura
&
formatione
fetus
,
&
many
other
bookes
of
Hyppocrates
,
and
chiefelie
that
where
he
diuided
the
similer
parts
.
As
Osteotome
,
that
is
to
saie
,
the
diuision
of
the
bones
,
Condrotome
,
the
Cartalages
.
Syndestmotome
,
the
ligaments
,
Arteriotome
,
the
Arteries
,
Phlebotomae
,
veines
,
Neurotome
,
the
nerues
,
Miotome
,
diuiding
of
the
Muscles
,
Tenontotome
,
the
tendons
,
&c.
There
be
diuers
other
bookes
of
Galen
,
which
be
verie
profitable
to
be
read
for
this
matter
,
as
his
bookes
of
Anathomie
,
also
his
bookes
De
temperamentis
,
de
optima
corporis
constitutione
,
de
facultatibus
naturalibus
,
de
placitis
Hippocrates
,
&
Platonis
,
de
motu
musculorum
,
de
causis
respirationis
,
and
manie
more
worthie
bookes
of
his
,
which
we
will
let
passe
.
There
bée
manie
other
bookes
also
,
written
by
diuerse
men
,
as
Guido
and
other
,
which
doe
intreate
of
these
naturall
things
,
and
speciallie
of
the
Anatomie
of
mans
bodie
,
and
for
that
you
may
the
easilier
&
better
vnderstand
these
naturall
things
which
euerie
Chirurgion
ought
to
know
and
haue
in
perfect
memorie
,
to
that
end
he
may
remoue
those
things
which
doth
hurt
them
,
or
let
them
of
their
perfect
operation
,
which
you
may
easilie
knowe
if
you
vnderstand
their
natures
and
properties
,
&
figures
,
&c.
Which
Table
followes
héereafter
,
as
you
may
heholde
.
-
Naturall
things
.
-
Eelements
be
foure
,
-
Fire
.
-
Aire
.
-
Water
.
-
Earth
.
-
Temperaments
.
-
Simple
be
foure
,
-
Hot.
-
Colde
.
-
Moist
.
-
and
Drie
.
-
Equall
one
,
-
Compound
be
foure
.
-
Hot
and
Drie
.
-
Hot
and
moist
.
-
Colde
and
moist
.
-
Colde
and
drie
.
-
Foure
humours
,
-
Sanguine
.
-
Flegmatike
.
-
Cholerike
.
-
and
Melancholie
.
-
Members
.
-
Similer
.
-
Bones
,
veines
,
arteries
,
cartilage
,
flesh
,
fatnesse
,
pannicle
,
ligament
,
nerues
,
and
skinne
.
-
compound
-
Head
,
heart
,
liuer
,
lungs
,
armes
,
and
legges
.
-
Three
faculties
.
-
Animall
.
-
Vitall
.
-
and
Naturall
.
-
Operations
or
actions
.
-
Animall
-
Feeling
.
-
and
moouing
.
-
Vitall
.
-
Beating
of
the
pulse
.
-
And
breathing
.
-
Naturall
-
Generatio
.
-
Auctio
.
-
and
Nutritio
.
-
Spirites
be
three
in
number
-
Animall
-
Vitall
.
-
Naturall
In
-
The
braine
.
-
The
Heart
.
-
The
Liuer
.
Pathologia
is
that
part
of
the
arte
,
which
hath
the
knowledge
of
sicknesse
against
nature
,
with
their
Symptoma
and
accident
,
and
they
be
thrée
in
number
,
that
is
to
saie
,
sicknesse
it selfe
,
the
cause
of
sicknesse
,
and
the
accidents
,
which
followeth
after
sicknesse
:
sicknesse
it selfe
may
come
two
waies
,
either
of
outward
causes
,
or
of
inward
causes
,
we
do
commonlie
call
the
outward
causes
primatiue
,
the
Gréekes
call
them
Cathertica
,
the
inward
causes
,
we
do
commonlie
name
Antecedent
,
or
Internam
.
The
affectes
commonlie
followe
these
causes
,
and
if
the
affectes
come
of
outward
causes
,
then
commonlie
they
be
wounds
,
contusions
,
fractures
,
dislocations
,
biting
of
mad
dogs
,
&
of
serpents
,
&c.
If
they
come
of
inward
causes
,
then
they
make
tumors
against
nature
,
as
Phlegmon
,
Eresipula
,
Oedema
,
Sirrhus
,
with
many
kinde
of
malignant
and
stubburne
vlcers
,
to
be
cured
,
which
tumours
and
vlcers
cannot
be
made
whole
,
except
their
causes
with
their
euill
affects
,
may
be
remoued
and
taken
awaie
:
I
suppose
that
there
is
no
man
,
but
hée
will
iudge
this
part
of
the
art
chieflie
to
pertaine
to
Chyrurgerie
,
for
that
it
taketh
cure
of
wounds
,
vlcers
,
and
tumors
against
nature
,
as
I
haue
said
before
.
Then
if
this
part
doe
appertaine
to
the
art
of
Chyrurgerie
,
as
it
is
most
certaine
it
doeth
,
it
behoueth
the
Chyrurgion
perfectlie
and
rightlie
to
vnderstand
what
kinde
of
sicknesses
there
be
,
with
their
differences
&
names
,
what
partes
of
the
bodie
these
sicknesses
may
be
in
,
and
what
manner
of
sicknesse
it
maketh
in
the
same
partes
.
As
for
example
,
euill
complection
maketh
a
distemperature
in
the
similer
parts
,
&
euil
constitution
,
or
euil
composition
,
maketh
a
deformitie
or
imbecilitie
in
the
instrumentall
partes
.
And
solution
of
vnitie
or
continuitie
,
chaunceth
both
in
the
similer
partes
,
and
instrumentall
.
And
all
these
doe
appertaine
to
the
Chirurgion
,
to
haue
most
exact
knowledge
of
,
for
he
that
taketh
vpon
him
to
cure
an
vlcer
or
a
wound
,
or
anie
other
manner
of
griefe
,
and
doth
not
know
the
nature
of
the
parts
,
neither
yet
what
part
it
is
in
,
neither
yet
the
cause
,
neither
how
to
remooue
the
same
cause
,
it
is
vnpossible
,
as
I
haue
sayde
before
,
that
he
shoulde
cure
the
same
griefes
or
diseases
rightlie
.
And
therefore
these
blinde
emperikes
that
haue
neither
reason
nor
method
,
to
leade
them
to
doe
those
things
which
they
dailie
doe
,
I
saie
,
their
dooings
are
so
pernitious
,
that
many
people
taketh
great
hurt
thereby
(
shall
I
saie
hurte
)
nay
rather
brought
to
vtter
destruction
,
and
many
times
to
death
.
The
Symptoma
or
accidents
which
followeth
sicknesse
,
is
also
diuided
into
thrée
partes
.
The
first
is
,
the
qualitie
being
altered
,
as
with
vehement
heate
in
Phlegmon
.
The
action
or
function
hurt
,
but
not
vtterlie
depriued
.
The
action
vtterlie
depriued
and
taken
awaie
.
For
these
causes
aboue
rehearsed
,
it
is
speciallie
required
,
that
a
Chirurgion
shoulde
be
learned
,
and
also
to
haue
greate
experience
,
that
hée
maye
rightlie
iudge
and
discerne
one
disease
from
another
,
with
their
natures
and
causes
,
to
the
end
,
that
when
you
come
to
the
curation
thereof
,
you
may
take
right
indications
,
what
to
do
first
,
what
next
,
and
so
foorth
to
the
end
,
for
other
waies
you
may
applie
medicines
nothing
fit
for
the
purpose
,
but
those
that
might
doe
great
harme
,
and
you
might
also
applie
those
first
that
would
be
applied
last
,
and
those
last
which
should
be
applyed
first
,
and
in
the
end
marre
all
your
workes
,
as
the
blinde
Carpenter
doth
.
Thus
farre
I
haue
proued
for
Phisiologia
,
to
be
one
part
of
Chyrurgerie
,
or
of
the
Art
of
curing
,
as
we
may
tearme
it
,
and
I
thinke
there
is
no
man
that
will
count
him
to
be
a
right
Chyrurgion
,
that
lacketh
this
part
of
the
Arte
,
or
that
is
not
verie
expert
in
the
same
.
And
for
the
further
knowledge
héereof
,
there
be
certaine
bookes
appointed
of
Galen
,
and
other
auncient
writers
,
that
you
may
reade
concerning
the
same
part
as
hereafter
followeth
.
Libro
Hippocrates
,
de
Morbis
,
libro
Epedimsorum
Hippocrates
,
Galen
de
locis
affectis
,
Galen
de
Morbis
&
Symptomatis
,
&
de
4.
temporibus
morborum
,
Galen
de
differentijs
morborum
causis
&
Smptomatis
,
Galen
de
inequali
intemperie
,
Galen
de
arte
Medica
,
Galen
de
tumoribus
,
praeter
naturam
.
Hippocrates
de
Vulneribus
vlceribus
,
&
Fistulis
,
fracturis
,
immorodibus
,
&c.
And
also
Galen
in
his
whole
Worke
called
Therapeuticon
,
and
in
another
worke
to
his
Disciple
Glaucon
,
as
it
is
manifest
to
be
séene
.
These
two
most
excellent
men
béeing
the
patrones
and
fathers
of
the
arte
,
haue
written
most
excellentlie
and
perfectlie
of
many
diseases
,
as
woundes
,
tumours
against
naturne
,
vlcers
,
and
many
other
diseases
appertaining
to
the
same
art
,
as
it
maye
more
manifestly
appeare
in
these
bookes
aboue
rehearsed
,
and
in
manie
other
more
of
their
workes
.
If
I
shoulde
write
of
all
men
that
accounteth
this
a
proper
and
a
principall
parte
of
Chyrurgerie
,
then
I
must
néeds
confesse
the
truth
,
all
men
learned
in
this
art
since
the
time
of
Galen
,
haue
so
written
,
and
so
taken
it
.
Thus
I
conclude
for
this
parte
,
that
hée
that
vnderstandeth
it
not
,
ye
must
giue
him
a
baser
name
,
ye
may
not
call
him
a
Chirurgion
,
that
neither
knoweth
the
principles
of
his
arte
,
neither
yet
the
nature
of
his
subiect
that
he
worketh
vpon
.
I
remember
when
I
was
in
the
warres
at
Mutterell
,
in
the
time
of
that
most
famous
Prince
,
King
Henrie
the
viii
.
there
was
a
great
rablement
there
,
that
tooke
vpon
them
to
be
Chirurgions
,
some
were
sowe
gelders
,
&
some
horse
gelders
,
with
Tinkers
and
Coblers
.
This
noble
sect
did
such
great
cures
,
that
they
got
to
themselues
a
perpetual
name
,
for
like
as
Thesalus
sect
were
call
Thessalions
,
so
was
this
noble
rable
for
their
notorious
cures
,
called
Dogge
léeches
,
for
in
two
dressings
they
did
commonlie
make
their
cures
whole
and
sound
for
euer
,
so
that
they
neither
felt
heate
nor
cold
,
nor
yet
no
maner
of
paine
after
:
but
when
the
Duke
of
Norfolke
,
who
was
then
general
,
vnderstood
how
the
people
did
die
,
and
that
of
smal
wounds
,
he
sent
for
me
and
certaine
other
Chirurgions
,
commaunding
vs
to
make
search
how
these
men
came
to
their
death
,
whether
it
were
by
the
grieuousnesse
of
their
woundes
,
or
by
the
lacke
of
knowledge
of
the
Chyrurgions
,
and
we
according
to
our
commaundement
,
made
search
throughout
all
the
camp
,
&
found
many
of
the
same
good
fellowes
,
which
tooke
vppon
them
the
names
of
Chirurgions
,
not
onelie
the
names
,
but
the
wages
also
:
we
asking
of
them
whether
they
were
Chyrurgions
or
no
,
they
sayde
they
were
,
we
demaunded
with
whom
they
were
brought
vp
,
and
they
with
shamelesse
faces
would
aunswere
,
either
with
one
cunning
man
or
another
which
was
dead
:
Then
we
demaunded
of
them
what
Chyrurgerie
stuffe
they
had
to
cure
men
withall
,
and
they
wold
shew
vs
a
pot
or
a
boxe
which
they
had
in
a
budget
,
wherein
was
such
trumperie
as
they
did
vse
to
grease
horse
héeles
withall
,
and
layed
vpon
scabbed
horse
backes
,
with
neruall
,
and
such
like
.
And
other
that
were
Coblers
and
Tinkers
,
they
vsed
shoomakers
waxe
,
with
the
rust
of
olde
pans
,
&
made
therewithall
a
noble
salue
,
as
they
did
terme
it
.
But
in
the
end
this
worthy
rablement
was
committed
to
the
Marsialsie
,
and
threatned
by
the
Dukes
grace
to
be
hanged
,
for
their
worthie
déeds
,
except
they
would
declare
the
truth
what
they
were
,
and
of
what
occupations
,
and
in
the
end
they
did
confesse
,
as
I
haue
declared
to
you
before
:
wherevppon
the
Dukes
grace
gaue
commaundement
that
they
should
auoide
the
Campe
in
paine
of
death
,
and
if
at
anie
time
they
came
within
the
Campe
afterward
,
they
should
immediatlie
be
hanged
,
as
murtherers
,
his
Grace
calling
them
by
the
name
of
Dogge
léeches
,
commaunding
his
Captaines
that
they
should
entertaine
no
more
such
.
Thus
you
vnderstand
by
what
name
those
men
were
then
called
,
which
tooke
vpon
them
vnworthilie
to
vse
this
Arte
,
knowing
neither
the
principles
of
this
arte
,
neither
yet
the
nature
of
the
diseases
,
nor
yet
the
medicamentes
wherewithall
they
could
cure
the
same
diseases
.
Thus
we
conclude
with
these
examples
before
,
that
it
is
necessarie
for
a
Chirurgion
to
know
these
partes
,
or
else
not
to
be
admitted
to
so
worthie
an
Arte
,
which
doeth
take
charge
,
not
onelie
of
mans
health
,
but
also
of
their
liues
and
lims
.
And
thus
we
end
this
part
.
Eugiena
is
the
third
parte
,
pertaining
to
the
art
of
Chyrurgerie
,
or
Medicine
,
as
we
haue
sayde
before
.
This
part
doth
consist
in
the
sixe
things
not
naturall
,
called
Res
non
naturalis
,
which
followeth
.
-
Sixe
things
not
naturall
-
In
receiuing
of
the
aire
.
-
In
Meate
and
Drinke
.
-
In
sleeping
and
waking
.
-
In
mouing
and
rest
.
-
In
fulnesse
and
emptinesse
.
-
And
in
affections
of
the
minde
.
This
is
also
a
speciall
and
a
necessarie
part
to
be
knowen
of
the
Chirurgion
,
for
without
this
knowledge
he
cannot
giue
conuenient
diet
,
neither
yet
conuenient
order
for
the
gouernment
of
the
diseased
and
sicke
Patient
,
nor
yet
at
what
time
he
shoulde
sléepe
,
at
what
time
he
should
eate
and
drinke
,
or
what
manner
of
meates
and
drinkes
hée
should
haue
,
and
whether
they
shoulde
bée
liquide
in
substaunce
or
grose
and
thicke
,
neither
shall
he
knowe
whether
the
same
meate
and
drinke
maye
augment
the
disease
or
not
,
by
meanes
whereof
,
he
may
giue
such
diet
to
his
patients
,
as
may
confirme
their
diseases
.
As
for
example
,
in
Elephantiasis
,
and
Cancers
,
which
by
eating
of
melancholike
meates
,
or
such
meate
and
drinke
as
doth
make
adustion
of
the
bloud
which
doth
confirme
them
.
There
might
be
many
more
thinges
saide
of
meate
and
drinke
,
which
is
not
materiall
to
be
spoken
héere
,
for
I
thinke
no
man
doubteth
,
but
that
this
instrument
doth
chieflie
appertaine
vnto
this
Arte
,
for
it
is
not
possible
for
a
Chirurgion
to
cure
his
grieued
patient
,
except
he
giue
conuenient
diet
,
&
with
conuenient
diet
many
greate
grieuous
wounds
,
and
manie
other
cruell
sicknesses
,
by
the
helpe
of
other
conuenient
medicines
haue
bene
cured
.
And
as
for
the
gouernment
by
the
aire
,
euerie
man
that
hath
anie
knowledge
will
confesse
,
that
colde
sicknesses
which
are
taken
by
cold
,
are
to
be
cured
in
places
where
the
aire
is
warme
,
or
else
it
ought
to
be
made
warme
by
art
,
according
to
the
time
of
the
yeare
,
for
it
is
one
of
the
principles
and
speciall
rules
which
Galen
commaundeth
vs
to
kéepe
,
that
we
shall
cure
euerie
thing
by
his
contrarie
,
as
heate
by
colde
,
colde
diseases
by
hot
thinges
,
drinesse
by
moisture
,
and
moisture
with
those
thinges
that
bée
drie
,
fulnesse
by
abstinence
,
and
euacuation
by
emptinesse
,
by
things
of
good
nourishment
to
fill
withall
,
watching
,
by
thinges
that
mooueth
sléepe
,
&
ouer
much
sléepe
,
by
kéeping
of
them
waking
.
Thus
euerie
thing
is
ouercommed
and
holpen
by
his
contrarie
,
by
meanes
whereof
the
Chirurgion
doth
more
safelie
and
readilie
restore
to
health
,
his
grieued
&
wounded
patieut
,
without
which
thinges
,
and
their
right
vse
,
could
not
be
done
.
And
therefore
this
part
is
called
a
most
necessarie
and
principall
thing
appertaining
to
the
Artist
.
There
is
another
vtilitie
in
this
part
also
,
which
the
Chirurgion
of
necessitie
must
vse
,
for
Galen
saith
,
that
euerie
Artist
that
will
rightlie
cure
,
must
intend
two
thinges
.
The
first
is
to
conserue
and
kéepe
euerie
thing
that
is
in
good
state
,
by
his
like
.
The
second
is
to
expell
,
and
cure
those
things
that
bée
contrary
to
nature
,
by
their
contraries
,
which
we
cannot
do
without
these
sixe
things
not
naturall
.
Therefore
it
may
be
saide
,
Necessitas
non
legem
habet
,
therefore
there
ought
no
lawe
to
bée
made
against
that
thing
that
must
be
of
necessitie
.
As
for
example
,
of
necessitie
we
must
eate
&
drinke
,
that
we
may
liue
.
Therefore
it
were
tyrannicall
to
forbidde
vs
to
eate
and
drinke
,
for
they
be
proper
things
for
vs
whereby
we
doe
liue
.
But
yet
the
abusing
of
meate
and
drinke
may
be
spoken
against
,
and
good
and
iust
lawes
made
for
the
reformation
thereof
.
In
like
manner
for
abusing
the
arte
of
Phisicke
or
Chirurgerie
,
there
hath
béene
good
and
wholesome
lawes
made
héertofore
,
and
I
trust
in
our
Lord
God
shall
be
hereafter
againe
.
But
to
commaund
from
them
the
knowledge
of
their
arte
,
or
anie
parte
thereof
,
or
other
necessarie
instruments
or
medicaments
,
wherewith
they
should
cure
their
grieued
and
wounded
Patients
,
which
other
wayes
must
of
necessitie
perish
,
or
else
not
bée
cured
at
all
:
Such
commaundements
or
lawes
were
tyrannicall
,
and
not
to
be
well
thought
of
,
for
that
they
should
let
the
workes
of
mercie
,
in
this
most
excellent
arte
of
curing
,
to
be
ministred
vnto
the
people
orderlie
for
their
safegard
,
&
curing
of
their
diseases
.
There
were
much
to
be
spoken
of
these
sixe
vnnaturall
things
,
which
maketh
nothing
for
my
purpose
héere
in
this
place
,
for
that
I
intend
nothing
but
to
proue
that
these
bée
necessarie
instruments
,
for
the
Arte
of
Chyrurgerie
,
by
certaine
examples
,
as
you
haue
heard
:
for
these
things
are
spoken
of
at
large
,
not
onelie
in
many
worthie
bookes
,
which
are
set
forth
by
Hyppocrates
and
Galen
,
but
also
in
all
other
worthie
mens
bookes
,
that
haue
written
of
this
art
at
large
,
as
it
may
appeare
at
this
present
daie
.
Some
men
might
héere
aske
a
question
,
why
these
are
called
not
naturall
things
,
for
it
is
to
be
thought
,
that
sléepe
,
meate
,
and
drinke
,
moouing
,
&c.
should
be
naturall
.
But
forasmuch
as
both
health
and
sicknesse
doth
come
by
these
things
,
therfore
they
be
called
not
naturall
.
They
bée
not
called
against
nature
:
for
sicknesse
,
the
cause
of
sicknesse
,
and
the
accidents
that
follow
sicknesse
,
those
be
called
Praeter
naturam
,
&
against
nature
.
Neither
may
they
bée
called
naturall
,
for
the
that
sicknesses
commeth
by
them
.
But
they
are
indifferently
called
not
natural
.
These
things
are
so
necessary
for
our
bodies
,
as
I
haue
said
before
,
that
we
do
not
onlie
liue
by
them
,
but
the
matter
&
substanticall
of
our
bodies
,
after
generation
,
is
increased
and
mainteined
by
them
,
and
also
all
the
humours
and
temperaments
with
the
spirits
,
and
other
things
contained
in
the
same
bodie
,
should
vtterlie
cease
if
it
were
not
but
for
those
sixe
thinges
.
Thus
I
conclude
with
these
examples
aforesaid
,
to
proue
this
part
to
be
necessarie
for
the
art
of
Chirurgerie
,
doubting
nothing
,
but
those
that
be
learned
men
and
men
of
reason
will
so
iudge
,
for
so
haue
the
auncient
fathers
before
our
daies
,
appointed
it
to
be
.
Now
that
you
may
the
better
come
to
the
perfect
knowledge
of
these
things
,
I
thinke
it
good
to
declare
vnto
you
some
of
the
bookes
which
both
Hyppocrates
and
Galen
haue
written
.
Hyppocrates
de
elementis
,
Hyppo
.
de
Aqua
Aere
,
&
regionibus
,
Hyppo
.
de
flatibus
,
Hyppo
.
de
vrinarum
differentijs
,
Hyppo
.
de
ratione
victus
salubris
,
Hyppo
.
de
ratione
victus
prauatorū
,
Galen
de
sanitate
tuenda
,
Galen
de
imperica
,
dieta
sub
figuratione
,
Galen
de
aqua
,
Gal.
de
ptissana
.
Galen
de
Euchimia
,
&
Caccochimia
,
Galen
de
attenuante
&
crassante
victu
,
with
many
more
bookes
,
written
by
most
excellent
men
,
sence
their
times
,
which
were
superfluous
,
here
to
be
rehersed
,
for
as
much
as
these
are
most
necessary
to
be
vnderstoode
,
and
sufficient
for
the
profe
hereof
:
And
thus
I
commit
this
part
vnto
your
friendly
iudgement
,
procéeding
vnto
the
fourth
part
,
called
Semiotica
.
Semiotica
,
is
an
other
part
,
perteining
to
the
arte
of
Chirurgerie
,
which
part
doth
iudge
by
signes
,
and
tokens
,
what
the
diseases
are
,
and
what
be
their
natures
,
and
what
humors
or
other
things
be
the
cause
therof
,
and
whether
they
may
be
cured
easely
,
and
in
short
time
,
or
whether
they
be
hard
to
be
cured
,
&
must
be
cured
in
longer
time
,
or
if
they
cannot
be
cured
at
all
.
Or
else
whether
it
is
not
necessarie
,
that
it
be
not
cured
at
all
,
least
worse
diseases
,
should
come
by
the
curation
of
them
,
and
specially
,
this
part
is
necessarie
,
about
the
curation
of
wounds
,
to
know
which
are
deadly
,
and
which
are
not
deadly
,
and
also
which
are
maymed
,
and
which
are
not
maymed
,
and
to
foresée
,
daungerous
and
perillous
accidents
,
which
might
chaunce
vnto
the
wounded
man
,
as
paralisis
,
conuulsions
,
gangrena
,
spasalus
,
and
manie
other
more
daungerous
diseases
,
which
the
Chirurgion
ought
not
onely
to
foresée
,
by
meanes
whereof
he
might
resist
the
same
.
But
also
,
when
any
of
the
greuous
accidents
,
doe
happen
,
he
might
make
a
good
and
a
true
prognostication
,
what
might
happen
after
these
greuous
,
and
perilous
sicknesses
,
and
also
in
wounds
,
that
chaunceth
in
daungerous
places
,
to
prognosticate
,
and
declare
the
great
perill
thereof
,
vnto
the
sicke
and
gréeued
pacient
,
or
else
vnto
his
friendes
,
as
it
shall
be
thought
most
conuenient
:
for
except
he
make
a
true
and
a
iust
prognostication
,
he
shall
get
vnto
him selfe
dishonestie
,
and
cause
the
worthie
arte
,
to
be
euil
spoken
of
.
This
parte
of
the
Arte
can
not
be
attained
vnto
,
without
great
knowledge
,
and
long
experience
,
and
also
a
most
excellent
wit
.
For
Hyppocrates
,
sayth
,
in
his
Aphorismus
,
that
this
part
,
is
the
most
hardest
,
he
saith
,
that
the
lyfe
of
man
is
short
,
the
arte
of
medicine
long
,
the
occasions
to
minister
medicines
many
,
prouing
of
experiments
,
perillous
,
but
iudgement
,
and
prognostication
of
sicknesse
,
to
be
most
difficult
and
hard
.
Wherefore
Hippocrates
and
Galen
,
did
will
all
men
,
that
would
auoyde
slander
,
and
euill
name
,
to
beware
,
&
wise
,
in
prognosticating
,
and
not
to
be
rashe
and
quicke
.
How
many
men
haue
gotten
dishonestie
,
for
lacke
of
knowledge
of
this
parte
of
the
Arte
,
and
by
mistaking
of
the
Symptomata
,
and
accidents
,
it
were
wonderfull
,
to
number
them
.
And
also
how
many
sick
men
haue
béene
ouerthrowen
,
and
vndone
,
for
lake
of
knowledge
of
the
same
parte
,
it
is
not
to
be
spoken
.
Wherefore
this
part
is
most
necessarie
,
and
requireth
most
diligent
and
exacte
studie
,
as
it
doth
appeare
,
both
by
Galen
,
and
Hippo
,
in
Galen
,
where
he
hath
written
vi
.
bookes
,
de
differentiis
&
causis
morborum
,
&
Symptomatum
,
which
doth
chiefely
perteine
to
this
parte
of
the
Arte.
And
also
that
most
excellent
and
worthie
man
Hippocrates
,
hath
written
two
diuine
workes
,
wherein
is
conteined
diuers
bookes
,
the
one
called
his
Aphorismus
,
and
the
other
his
prognostications
,
which
are
the
most
worthiest
bookes
that
euer
were
written
,
for
him
that
shall
practise
in
this
Arte
,
for
therein
may
he
learne
the
diuine
iudgement
of
Hippo.
And
also
how
to
prognosticate
rightly
,
which
two
thinges
,
doe
most
chiefely
and
principally
appertaine
to
the
Art
of
Chirurgery
.
Thus
I
haue
declared
vnto
you
,
the
foure
principall
parts
,
or
as
we
may
tearme
them
,
the
foure
principal
pillers
,
or
foundaments
of
this
art
,
without
the
knowledge
of
which
foure
,
no
man
may
rightly
,
or
methodically
work
,
in
the
same
arte
.
I
dare
not
say
,
no
man
ought
to
worke
in
this
Arte
,
that
vnderstandeth
not
these
,
least
I
should
condempne
a
great
sort
,
but
I
will
say
,
as
Hippocrates
,
Galen
,
Guido
,
Valleriolus
,
Tagaltius
,
and
many
other
worthy
men
doe
say
,
that
these
are
the
principles
of
the
Arte
,
and
they
ought
first
to
be
learned
,
and
trained
vp
,
in
the
knowledge
of
these
,
before
they
be
permitted
to
woorke
in
the
Arte
,
for
in
the
olde
time
,
they
did
first
learne
their
principles
,
and
had
them
by
heart
,
and
then
they
were
brought
vp
,
vnder
some
cunning
maister
,
where
they
might
sée
the
same
put
in
practise
,
and
so
trained
vp
in
most
exact
and
perfect
experience
:
And
thus
being
brought
vp
,
they
were
able
to
iudge
in
their
art
,
&
so
they
did
constitute
&
builded
vpon
these
foure
principles
,
a
most
excellent
art
,
which
Galen
calleth
Therapeuticon
,
that
is
to
saie
,
the
art
of
curing
,
which
part
,
those
that
are
disposed
to
reade
their
works
may
plainlie
vnderstand
,
and
specially
in
a
booke
called
Introductio
,
seu
medicus
.
Thus
I
haue
proued
these
foure
parts
,
as
I
haue
said
before
,
to
be
the
Theorike
part
of
Chirurgerie
,
and
we
intend
to
proue
Therapeuticon
to
be
the
practike
part
,
for
that
it
doth
cure
diseases
&
griefes
of
mans
bodie
.
Guido
,
Tagaltius
,
&
other
,
did
not
make
these
fiue
diuisions
of
parts
,
as
I
haue
done
,
but
diuided
the
art
into
two
parts
,
that
is
,
into
the
Theorike
,
and
Practike
:
for
Guido
saith
,
that
he
which
woulde
vse
the
arte
of
Chirurgerie
,
must
be
learned
in
the
Theorike
part
,
as
wel
as
in
the
Practike
part
,
but
Guido
vnderstandeth
the
Theorike
part
to
be
Phisicke
,
and
the
Practike
part
to
be
Chirurgerie
,
as
it
may
appeare
by
his
words
héereafter
.
Conditiones
quae
requiruntur
in
Chirurgo
,
sunt
quatuor
,
prima
est
quod
sit
literatus
,
secunda
,
quod
sit
expertus
,
tertia
,
quod
sit
ingeniosus
,
quarta
,
quod
sit
morigeratus
:
Riquiritur
quod
sit
Chirurgus
literatus
,
non
tantum
in
principijs
Chirurgiae
,
&
sed
etiam
Phisicae
tam
in
Theorica
,
quam
in
Practica
.
In
Theorica
,
oportet
quod
ipse
cognoscat
res
naturales
,
&
non
naturales
,
&
contra
naturam
,
precipue
Anathomiam
,
nam
,
sine
ipsa
factum
est
nihil
,
in
Chirurgia
.
The
English
is
this
.
There
be
foure
conditions
speciallie
required
in
a
Chyrurgion
:
first
,
that
he
be
learned
:
second
,
that
he
be
expert
:
third
,
that
he
be
ingenious
,
and
fourth
,
that
he
be
well
mannered
:
It
is
further
requisite
,
that
the
Chyrurgion
be
not
onelie
learned
in
the
principles
of
Chirurgerie
,
but
also
in
Phisick
,
as
well
in
Theorike
as
in
Practike
:
In
Theorike
,
it
behooueth
him
to
knowe
thinges
naturall
not
naturall
,
and
things
against
nature
.
Thus
it
maye
manifestlie
appeare
by
the
wordes
of
Guido
,
that
he
vnderstoode
the
Theorike
part
to
be
Philick
,
and
the
Practike
part
to
be
Chirurgerie
,
for
other
diuisions
made
he
none
,
but
vsed
the
art
indifferently
together
,
that
is
to
saie
,
diet
,
purging
medicaments
,
and
all
other
things
appertaining
to
the
art
of
Chirurgerie
.
These
foure
partes
that
we
haue
spoken
off
before
,
were
accounted
to
be
Physicke
,
as
Guido
and
all
other
later
writers
doe
make
mention
,
and
euerie
one
of
them
supposeth
,
that
a
Chyrurgion
ought
to
know
these
partes
,
either
else
he
cannot
rightlie
and
methodicallie
worke
in
his
arte
:
But
when
he
dooth
vnderstand
these
parts
,
and
is
well
brought
vp
in
experience
in
the
same
,
and
hath
also
good
vnderstanding
&
knowledge
both
in
the
simples
and
compounds
,
whereof
he
maketh
his
medicaments
,
and
hath
séene
long
experience
,
and
vse
of
the
same
,
I
thinke
him
then
a
man
méete
and
worthie
to
be
allowed
to
vse
the
practike
parte
of
Chirurgerie
,
or
else
not
,
for
otherwise
he
should
be
ignorant
in
the
curation
of
many
grieuous
diseases
,
which
doth
appertaine
vnto
this
art
,
that
cannot
be
cured
other
waies
,
but
by
the
administration
of
the
hand
,
for
this
parte
called
Chirurgia
is
the
last
remedie
in
the
arte
of
medicine
,
and
cureth
those
things
which
are
most
hard
and
difficult
to
be
cured
,
and
therefore
it
is
accounted
amongst
the
auncient
writers
,
as
both
Galen
and
Hyppocrates
doe
affirme
,
to
be
most
profitable
and
most
worthie
,
as
we
shall
declare
more
héereafter
,
in
the
Treatise
of
the
methode
of
curing
,
called
Therapeuticon
.
And
thus
wée
end
this
fourth
parte
,
called
Semiotica
.
Now
it
doth
behoue
vs
to
speake
of
the
last
part
called
Therapeutica
,
and
although
it
be
last
in
number
,
yet
it
is
chiefe
in
effect
,
and
most
profitable
in
the
common
wealth
.
For
Therapeu
is
no
other
thing
to
be
vnderstoode
,
than
Curatio
,
and
Curatio
is
nothing
else
,
but
to
helpe
mans
bodie
of
wounds
,
sicknesse
,
and
other
infirmities
,
as
I
haue
sayd
before
.
Therefore
Guido
doth
saie
,
that
this
arte
doth
restore
mans
bodie
vnto
health
by
the
curation
of
wounds
,
vlcers
,
tumours
against
nature
,
fractures
,
dislocations
,
and
all
other
infirmities
wherewith
the
same
bodie
is
grieued
.
And
he
addeth
and
saith
further
,
as
much
as
lyeth
in
the
Chirurgion
to
doe
.
For
he
saith
,
that
it
lieth
not
alwayes
in
the
Artist
to
restore
his
sicke
patient
to
health
,
for
that
that
manie
diseases
be
incurable
,
which
the
Artists
ought
to
vnderstand
,
and
know
,
and
to
make
true
,
and
right
prognostication
thereof
,
least
he
should
get
vnto
himselfe
great
shame
,
and
bring
infamy
and
slaunder
to
the
noble
arte
.
Therefore
,
one
Vego
,
a
Spaniard
,
who
hath
made
a
worthie
commentarie
vpon
the
prognostikes
,
of
Hippo.
sayth
,
that
it
doth
behoue
the
artist
chiefely
,
to
prognosticate
rightly
and
truely
,
of
those
things
,
which
are
to
come
,
which
being
knowen
,
neither
could
the
daunger
thereof
be
auoided
if
it
were
possible
,
neither
yet
should
the
artist
auoyd
a
slanderous
&
pernicious
name
.
And
therefore
he
deuideth
this
arte
into
thrée
parts
,
that
is
,
into
agnostica
,
prognostica
,
and
curatiua
,
Agnostica
,
he
vnderstandeth
to
be
,
the
knowledge
of
naturall
things
,
of
things
not
naturall
,
and
of
things
against
nature
.
Prognostica
,
he
vnderstandeth
to
be
,
a
right
iudgement
,
in
the
foresaide
thinges
,
which
he
doth
gather
by
the
Symptomata
,
of
the
bodie
,
&
other
excrements
which
nature
doth
auoyde
.
Curatiua
,
is
that
part
which
followeth
both
these
and
with
knowledge
and
right
iudgement
,
truely
and
rightly
,
prognosticating
the
same
,
he
doth
take
vpon
him
,
perfectly
to
cure
mans
bodie
,
of
those
griefes
and
diseases
,
wherewith
it
is
hurt
,
either
else
,
if
the
same
may
not
be
cured
,
to
preserue
the
same
,
from
further
vnconuenience
,
as
much
as
is
possible
for
this
arte
to
doe
.
Thus
it
séemeth
to
mée
,
by
the
woords
of
this
great
learned
man
,
as
well
as
by
the
woords
of
Guido
.
&c.
That
this
part
of
the
arte
,
called
Therapeutica
,
or
curatio
,
consisteth
in
two
speciall
points
,
(
that
is
to
say
)
in
the
curing
of
mans
bodie
perfectly
,
and
in
the
preseruation
of
the
same
bodie
,
when
the
diseases
are
incurable
,
as
in
Cancers
.
&c.
as
wée
haue
saide
before
.
There
be
other
learned
men
that
deuide
this
Arte
,
but
into
two
partes
,
that
is
to
say
,
into
Theorica
,
and
Practica
,
Theorike
,
doth
consist
in
the
exact
and
perfect
knowledge
of
these
foure
partes
,
which
we
haue
spoken
of
before
,
that
is
to
saye
,
in
Phisiologia
,
Pathologia
,
Eugiena
,
and
Simiotica
.
And
the
fiue
parts
named
Therapeutica
,
doth
consist
in
the
right
practising
&
vsing
of
conuenient
remedies
,
to
cure
mans
bodie
with
all
,
by
the
helpe
,
vnderstanding
,
and
true
knowledge
of
those
things
aboue
specified
,
&
for
as
much
as
this
part
,
doth
bring
to
passe
by
an
operation
,
and
practise
done
with
the
hand
,
or
ministred
by
the
hand
,
therefore
this
part
is
called
Practica
,
that
is
to
say
,
practising
and
putting
in
vse
all
such
necessarie
things
,
as
may
apperteine
,
either
for
the
curation
,
or
preseruation
of
mans
bodie
.
And
for
as
much
,
as
these
two
thinges
are
brought
to
passe
and
done
,
by
certeine
wayes
and
meanes
,
which
reason
hath
inuented
,
and
experience
hath
found
true
,
and
without
these
things
,
wée
can
not
rightly
cure
,
or
bring
to
passe
the
desired
scope
or
ende
of
our
Arte
,
which
we
doe
intend
.
Therefore
,
it
followeth
of
necessitie
,
that
wée
must
néedes
vse
them
,
either
else
wée
shall
not
vse
the
practike
part
,
which
is
the
onely
ende
,
and
function
of
our
vocation
and
Arte.
And
these
things
be
commonly
termed
instruments
,
which
instruments
are
apointed
of
Almightie
God
,
to
helpe
vp
in
the
time
of
néede
,
for
without
these
,
wée
can
doe
nothing
in
this
Arte.
The
first
is
dyet
,
the
second
is
medicaments
,
the
third
is
our
handes
,
to
minister
the
same
with
all
,
and
these
are
named
general
instruments
,
and
also
speciall
,
for
that
,
that
all
the
auncient
fathers
,
and
most
excellent
men
of
this
Arte
,
did
alwayes
so
vse
them
.
Wherefore
,
I
thinke
there
is
no
reasonable
man
,
or
any
that
is
learned
in
this
Arte
,
that
will
say
the
contrarie
,
except
he
will
wilfully
,
and
willingly
,
condemne
both
reason
and
experience
,
and
not
onely
experience
and
reason
,
but
also
these
two
most
worthie
and
famous
men
,
Hippocrates
,
and
Galen
.
This
part
or
those
that
vse
it
,
hath
also
founde
out
many
notable
medicaments
,
with
their
natures
,
and
hidden
properties
,
which
otherwayes
,
by
the
Theorike
part
could
neuer
be
found
out
,
yet
by
long
practise
and
experyence
,
the
natures
,
qualities
,
and
hidden
properties
,
are
found
out
,
to
no
small
helpe
of
the
Arte
of
medicine
,
for
by
their
natures
and
qualities
,
they
are
methodically
vsed
,
and
doe
cure
griefes
,
and
diseases
,
as
sicknesses
,
which
be
hot
,
are
cured
by
cold
thinges
,
those
that
be
moyst
by
drye
thinges
,
&c.
But
those
which
doe
cure
by
hidden
properties
,
are
such
,
as
no
reason
can
be
made
vnto
,
as
for
example
.
To
expell
venim
,
either
in
the
pestilence
,
or
in
Morbo
camilliontiaci
,
in
lepra
,
or
in
biting
of
any
venimous
beast
,
these
are
rather
cured
,
with
medicaments
,
which
doth
it
of
propertie
,
rather
then
qualitie
.
Thus
it
doth
behoue
the
artist
,
which
will
deale
in
this
parte
,
called
Therapeutica
or
practica
,
not
onely
to
haue
perfect
knowledge
,
in
all
these
thinges
aforesaide
,
but
also
to
haue
a
very
exact
knowledge
of
all
such
simples
,
as
he
will
make
his
medicaments
of
,
or
as
he
doth
intend
to
minister
vnto
mans
bodie
,
any
maner
of
way
,
not
onely
as
is
saide
before
,
their
natures
,
and
temperaments
,
but
also
their
qualities
,
and
hidden
properties
:
and
also
the
times
,
when
they
should
be
gathered
,
how
they
should
be
kept
,
and
preserued
,
how
long
they
will
continue
in
ther
vertue
,
and
strength
,
and
whether
they
be
of
more
force
and
vertue
when
they
be
greene
,
or
when
they
be
drye
.
All
these
thinges
doth
apperteine
vnto
the
Artist
to
know
,
and
also
,
to
what
vse
he
ought
to
minister
the
same
,
and
what
commoditie
may
come
thereby
.
These
things
,
as
I
haue
sayde
vnto
you
before
,
are
knowen
two
maner
of
wayes
,
that
is
to
say
,
by
reason
,
and
experience
,
neither
can
they
be
knowen
by
any
third
way
,
as
Galen
saith
in
his
third
booke
,
named
Therapeuticon
.
Therefore
it
is
requisit
,
that
this
Artist
be
not
onely
learned
,
in
the
Theorike
part
,
as
we
haue
saide
before
,
but
also
,
to
be
learned
and
brought
vp
,
vnder
some
cunning
man
,
which
hath
good
knowledge
in
the
same
arte
,
or
otherwaies
,
it
is
not
possible
,
to
come
to
the
exact
and
perfect
knowledge
thereof
,
which
is
chiefely
&
principally
required
.
If
I
should
tell
you
,
of
the
vngratious
witchcraftes
,
and
of
the
foolish
and
mischiuous
abuses
,
&
misuses
,
that
haue
bene
in
times
past
,
and
yet
in
our
dayes
continually
vsed
,
ye
would
not
a
little
maruaile
thereat
.
But
for
as
much
,
as
it
hath
not
only
turned
to
the
dishonor
of
God
,
but
also
,
the
state
of
the
common
welth
:
I
haue
thought
it
good
to
declare
vnto
you
,
part
of
their
wicked
doings
,
that
it
may
be
vnto
you
which
professeth
this
Arte
,
an
example
,
to
auoyde
the
like
most
wretched
deeds
.
These
things
,
I
do
not
speak
to
you
of
heresay
,
but
of
mine
owne
knowledge
.
In
the
yere
.
1562.
I
did
sée
in
the
two
Hospitalls
of
London
,
called
S.
Thomas
Hospitall
,
and
saint
Bartholomewes
Hospitall
,
to
the
number
of
CCC
.
and
odde
poore
people
,
that
were
diseased
of
sore
legges
,
sore
armes
,
féete
,
and
handes
,
with
other
parts
of
the
bodie
,
so
sore
infected
,
that
a
hundreth
and
twentie
of
them
could
neuer
be
recouered
,
without
losse
of
a
legge
,
or
an
arme
,
a
foote
or
a
hand
,
fingers
,
or
toes
,
or
else
their
limmes
crooked
,
so
that
,
they
were
either
maymed
,
or
else
vndone
for
euer
.
All
these
were
brought
to
this
mischiefe
,
by
witches
,
by
women
,
by
counterfait
iauills
,
that
tooke
vpon
them
to
vse
the
Art
,
not
onely
robbing
them
of
their
money
,
but
of
their
limmes
,
and
perpetuall
health
.
And
I
with
certaine
other
,
diligently
examining
these
poore
people
,
how
they
came
by
these
gréeuous
hurtes
,
and
who
were
their
Chirurgions
that
looked
vnto
them
,
and
they
confessed
,
that
they
were
either
witches
,
which
did
promise
by
charmes
,
to
make
them
whole
,
or
else
some
women
which
would
make
them
whole
with
hearbes
,
and
such
like
things
,
or
else
some
vacabound
iauil
,
which
runneth
from
one
countrie
to
an
other
,
promising
vnto
them
health
,
onely
to
deceaue
them
of
their
money
.
This
fault
and
crime
,
of
the
vndoing
of
this
people
,
were
layed
vnto
the
Chirurgions
,
I
will
not
say
,
by
part
of
those
that
were
at
that
time
maisters
of
the
same
Hospitalls
,
but
it
was
saide
,
that
Carpinters
,
women
,
weuers
,
coblers
,
and
tinkers
,
did
cure
more
people
,
then
the
Chirurgions
.
But
what
maner
of
cures
they
did
,
I
haue
told
you
before
,
such
cures
,
as
all
the
world
may
wonder
at
:
yea
,
I
say
such
cures
,
as
maketh
the
diuell
in
hell
to
daunce
for
ioye
,
to
sée
the
poore
members
of
Iesus
Christ
,
so
miserably
tormented
.
What
shall
I
saie
,
here
vnto
,
but
lament
and
pray
vnto
our
Lord
Iesus
Christ
,
for
his
precious
bloud
sake
,
that
he
shed
vpon
the
crosse
,
to
illuminate
the
hearts
of
the
magistrates
,
for
amendement
hereof
.
And
that
this
rablement
of
runagates
,
with
witches
,
baudes
,
and
the
diuells
sothsaiers
,
with
tinkers
,
coblers
,
and
sow
gelders
,
and
all
other
their
wicked
coherents
,
of
these
same
diuelish
and
wicked
sectes
,
which
doth
thus
abuse
this
noble
arte
of
medicine
,
to
the
vtter
defasing
of
the
same
,
may
be
reformed
and
amended
,
and
euery
one
to
get
their
liuing
with
truth
,
in
the
same
arts
that
they
haue
ben
brought
vp
&
wel
experienced
in
,
either
els
to
be
greuouslie
punished
,
as
they
be
in
all
other
Countries
,
and
as
they
haue
bene
héere
in
this
Countrie
in
times
past
.
For
séeing
there
is
lawes
made
for
him
that
stealeth
a
shéepe
,
an
oxe
,
or
an
horse
,
which
is
but
a
beast
and
serueth
to
mans
vse
,
and
hée
that
looseth
the
same
,
looseth
no
more
but
the
value
of
the
vse
thereof
,
why
may
it
not
be
as
well
considered
for
the
losse
of
an
arme
or
a
legge
?
yea
,
and
many
times
of
the
life
,
which
these
wicked
generation
doe
spoile
,
I
thinke
the
Prince
is
bound
in
conscience
,
as
wel
to
punish
those
false
and
wicked
pernitious
deceiuers
,
which
doeth
not
onelie
destroie
the
lims
of
man
,
but
his
life
,
as
to
punish
these
which
steale
shéep
,
oxen
,
or
horses
.
Of
this
sort
I
think
London
to
be
as
well
stored
,
as
the
Countrie
,
I
thinke
there
be
not
so
few
in
London
as
thrée
score
women
,
that
occupieth
the
arte
of
Phisicke
and
Chirurgerie
.
These
women
,
some
of
them
be
called
wise
women
,
or
holie
and
good
women
,
some
of
them
be
called
Witches
,
and
vseth
to
call
vpon
certaine
spirits
,
and
some
of
them
vseth
plaine
bauderie
,
and
telleth
Gentlewomen
that
cannot
beare
children
how
they
may
haue
children
.
What
manner
of
other
sorts
and
sects
there
be
of
these
,
as
some
for
sore
breastes
,
some
for
the
stone
and
Strangurie
,
some
for
paine
of
the
téeth
,
some
for
scald
heads
,
some
for
sore
legges
,
some
cunning
in
Mother
Tomsons
tubbe
,
and
some
to
helpe
maides
when
they
haue
lost
their
maidenhead
,
when
their
bellies
are
growen
too
great
,
to
make
them
small
againe
,
with
a
thousand
more
.
Galen
in
his
booke
of
sects
,
did
neuer
make
mention
of
the
fourth
part
so
manie
,
I
thinke
,
if
this
worshipfull
rablement
were
gathered
together
,
they
would
make
a
greater
profession
than
euer
did
the
Monks
,
the
Friers
,
&
the
Nuns
,
when
they
did
swarme
most
in
London
.
This
vnprofitable
companie
haue
so
increased
within
the
Citie
of
London
,
that
all
the
Countries
in
England
haue
taken
insample
thereof
,
yea
,
and
at
this
daie
all
the
Countries
in
Christendome
may
wonder
at
our
lawes
in
suffering
and
maintaining
of
them
.
Well
I
say
,
wée
will
let
all
these
passe
,
with
tinkers
,
coblers
,
souters
,
and
sow
gelders
,
and
a
great
many
of
occupations
more
,
whereof
,
some
commeth
out
of
Fraunce
,
some
out
of
Germany
,
and
so
of
other
countries
,
some
for
religion
,
&
some
for
picking
of
purses
.
&c.
All
these
now
,
are
become
great
Phisicions
,
and
Chirurgions
,
to
no
small
aduancement
of
this
noble
Arte
of
Medicine
,
for
their
noble
and
worthie
cures
,
doth
beare
witnesse
thereof
,
and
giueth
so
good
report
vnto
them
,
that
at
this
day
,
the
learned
Phisicions
and
Chirurgions
,
may
not
a
little
reioyce
.
Well
,
I
say
no
more
,
but
God
amend
all
,
and
except
these
things
be
quickly
amended
,
I
thinke
the
diseased
people
,
and
such
as
haue
vlcers
,
woundes
,
diseases
,
and
sores
,
are
like
to
haue
small
helpe
,
and
if
it
shall
chaunce
,
the
prince
to
haue
wars
,
then
are
this
company
that
I
haue
spoken
of
,
like
to
serue
,
and
I
doubt
nothing
,
but
that
the
souldiers
shal
haue
great
courage
to
fight
,
for
so
much
,
as
they
shal
haue
,
such
a
goodly
companie
of
Chirurgions
,
to
cure
them
,
when
they
be
wounded
.
As
for
other
Chirurgions
,
there
will
be
but
a
fewe
left
,
except
better
order
be
taken
,
and
that
with
spéed
.
Well
,
now
wée
will
procéede
to
our
matter
againe
.
Now
my
welbeloued
brethren
,
ye
haue
hard
of
this
vngratious
company
,
with
their
damnable
déedes
,
which
may
be
vnto
you
,
an
example
,
to
incourage
you
,
to
flye
ignoraunce
,
and
to
learne
the
exact
,
and
methodicall
way
of
curing
,
according
to
knowledge
,
&
also
to
know
these
things
,
that
doth
appertaine
vnto
the
same
,
not
onely
these
v.
parts
,
aboue
rehearsed
or
thrée
,
or
two
,
as
it
séemeth
good
to
you
,
to
deuide
them
,
for
it
is
not
materiall
,
as
Galen
saith
,
so
that
you
vnderstand
the
thing
.
Not
onely
these
,
I
say
,
ought
to
be
perfectly
knowen
,
but
also
,
all
medicines
,
both
simple
,
and
compound
,
with
their
natures
and
properties
,
their
operations
,
and
right
applications
,
and
at
what
time
the
same
ought
to
be
ministred
,
to
what
partes
of
the
bodie
,
and
for
what
griefes
and
diseases
:
and
also
,
according
to
right
indications
taken
,
what
ought
to
be
first
ministred
,
what
next
,
and
so
to
the
last
.
All
these
thinges
,
as
I
haue
saide
,
doe
appertaine
vnto
the
right
and
true
Chirurgion
,
not
onely
to
know
,
but
also
orderly
to
follow
,
or
else
he
shall
be
accounted
an
emprike
,
and
little
better
then
one
of
these
rude
rablement
,
which
I
haue
spoken
of
before
.
Wherefore
,
my
well
beloued
bretheren
,
that
vse
this
arte
of
Chirugria
,
I
exhort
you
in
the
name
of
Almightie
God
,
that
you
your selues
,
be
not
onely
diligent
in
learning
of
all
these
partes
,
and
other
thinges
,
necessarie
,
appertaining
vnto
your
arte
:
by
meanes
whereof
,
not
onely
murther
,
and
other
greuous
misfortunes
,
which
might
happen
,
through
your
ignorance
,
may
be
auoyded
,
but
also
perpetuall
slander
,
with
all
other
infamous
report
,
and
displeasure
,
may
be
likewise
auoyded
also
.
And
that
in
like
maner
,
your
seruaunts
,
and
children
,
which
you
doe
intend
to
bring
vp
in
this
Arte
,
be
learned
,
not
onely
to
write
and
reade
,
but
also
in
the
tongues
,
that
he
may
more
exactly
vnderstand
these
parts
,
as
I
haue
said
before
.
And
so
by
this
meanes
,
you
shall
not
onely
restore
the
Arte
,
againe
vnto
her
good
name
,
which
is
almost
lost
,
at
this
present
daye
,
through
that
foule
and
vgly
monster
,
ignoraunce
,
but
also
get
vnto
your selues
,
perpetual
honor
,
and
good
fame
.
And
furthermore
,
by
your
excellent
knowledge
,
and
vertuous
liues
,
and
cunning
déedes
,
which
followeth
after
,
and
are
the
fruites
of
knowledge
,
by
these
thinges
,
I
saye
,
and
with
the
helpe
of
the
high
and
mightie
Lord
God
,
you
shall
abolish
and
put
downe
,
these
wicked
and
pernitious
sectes
,
which
are
no
lesse
vnprofitable
,
vnto
Gods
people
,
in
the
common
wealth
of
their
countries
,
then
caterpillers
,
and
Grassehoppers
,
are
vnto
the
fruites
,
and
herbes
of
the
ground
,
which
sectes
,
be
not
onely
pernitious
,
as
I
haue
said
before
,
but
perillous
,
and
selaunderous
,
vnto
you
,
that
be
the
true
professers
of
the
Arte
,
for
they
call
themselues
,
by
the
name
of
Phisitions
or
Chirurgions
:
And
the
simple
ignoraunt
people
,
doe
so
receue
them
,
or
thinke
them
to
be
,
but
in
déede
,
they
be
such
as
Christ
speketh
of
,
wher
he
saith
,
that
they
come
in
shéepes
clothing
,
&
be
rauening
wolues
,
so
these
come
with
good
names
,
&
be
craftie
,
and
pernitious
deceauers
,
which
are
to
be
driuen
out
of
euery
good
common
welth
.
Thus
(
most
gentle
Reader
)
I
haue
troubled
you
with
a
long
talke
,
desiring
you
to
beare
with
my
simple
and
rude
stile
,
wishing
with
all
my
heart
,
that
it
had
bene
better
,
and
desiring
you
most
humblie
where
you
finde
anie
fault
,
curteouslie
to
amend
the
same
,
or
else
to
giue
mée
knowledge
,
and
I
shall
be
as
willing
to
amend
them
,
as
I
haue
bene
diligent
in
setting
it
forth
,
praying
you
to
leaue
off
slaunderous
wordes
and
euill
iudgement
:
by
meanes
whereof
I
haue
bene
greatlie
impaired
,
not
onelie
in
my
good
name
,
but
also
in
the
profite
and
commoditie
of
my
arte
,
which
is
to
my
great
hinderaunce
:
and
this
hath
partlie
risen
by
a
booke
of
Chirurgerie
which
I
haue
latelie
set
forth
,
to
my
great
cost
and
charge
,
and
some
men
haue
not
let
to
saie
,
that
it
was
onelie
Doctor
Cuninghams
dooing
,
and
none
of
mine
.
Vnto
whom
I
answere
.
That
Cuningham
was
the
writer
thereof
,
and
put
the
same
booke
in
order
,
as
you
may
now
sée
,
for
I
my selfe
hauing
not
perfect
vnderstanding
of
the
tongues
,
required
him
,
for
the
more
perfection
thereof
,
to
put
in
the
Gréeke
&
Latine
words
,
in
such
sort
as
he
thought
good
.
And
for
the
matter
in
the
most
part
therein
contained
,
you
may
verie
well
perceiue
that
it
was
mine
owne
practise
,
as
the
stories
therin
contained
for
the
curation
of
diuerse
people
,
doth
declare
,
which
I
my self
did
cure
,
as
it
may
more
at
large
appeare
in
the
same
booke
.
And
for
the
medicines
that
be
written
in
the
same
booke
,
their
names
which
deuised
the
same
medicines
,
are
put
vnto
them
,
so
that
this
is
but
a
slaunderous
,
vntrue
,
&
malitious
reporte
,
onlie
to
deface
me
of
my
good
name
,
without
any
deseruing
or
cause
reasonable
.
For
it
is
well
knowen
,
that
Maister
Cuningham
neuer
did
anie
such
cures
,
as
there
is
mention
made
of
,
neither
yet
is
Maister
Cuningham
anie
Chyrurgion
,
as
yée
may
perceiue
farther
in
his
own
Epistle
written
vnto
the
same
booke
,
wherein
he
doeth
not
onelie
declare
my
paines
and
trauaile
in
collecting
certaine
partes
of
Chyrurgerie
,
but
also
my
great
expenses
and
painfull
labours
in
collecting
and
setting
forth
of
the
same
.
These
slaunderous
and
euill
wordes
haue
caused
me
to
set
pen
to
booke
my selfe
,
to
auoide
that
foule
and
euill
fauoured
monster
,
false
detraction
,
and
also
to
spare
my
expenses
,
which
I
before
did
l●…se
amongest
vnthankfull
and
ingrate
persons
.
And
I
haue
taken
paines
now
mine
owne
selfe
,
without
anie
other
helpe
of
liuing
men
,
at
this
present
daie
,
but
of
mine
owne
trauaile
,
and
collected
them
out
of
these
famous
authors
,
which
I
haue
before
rehearsed
vnto
you
,
and
although
it
be
not
in
so
good
forme
and
eloquent
stile
,
as
it
might
haue
bene
,
if
a
better
learned
man
had
taken
it
in
hand
,
yet
the
truth
is
not
to
be
reiected
,
because
of
the
barbarousnesse
of
the
stile
,
or
words
.
Thus
I
leaue
off
least
I
should
be
tedious
vnto
you
.
Now
I
will
speake
of
the
●…d
of
this
noble
art
,
or
as
you
will
saie
,
to
what
ende
this
art
doeth
serue
.
The
end
of
this
art
of
Medicine
is
,
to
restore
mans
bodie
to
health
,
as
much
as
lieth
in
this
Artist
to
do
,
so
that
the
end
of
this
art
consisteth
in
the
curation
of
diseases
,
or
as
we
may
tearme
it
restoring
of
health
.
For
man
at
his
birth
was
cast
into
this
world
naked
,
and
vncouered
,
requiring
the
helpe
of
other
things
to
couer
his
nakednesse
withall
,
neuer
leauing
crying
and
wéeping
,
till
such
time
as
reason
and
nature
had
prouided
for
him
such
necessarie
thinges
as
dyd
growe
vppon
the
earth
,
either
else
vpon
some
other
creatures
,
by
meanes
whereof
,
hée
was
both
nourished
and
also
clothed
,
and
also
by
the
vertue
of
other
thinges
that
the
Earth
brought
forth
,
restored
to
health
in
the
time
of
his
grieuous
infirmities
.
But
how
was
he
restored
to
health
?
Truelie
by
Arte.
And
by
what
Arte
,
euen
by
the
art
of
Medicine
,
which
doth
comprehend
both
Phisick
and
Chirurgerie
,
with
the
knowledge
of
all
simple
Medicines
,
and
compound
medicaments
,
and
all
other
things
whatsoeuer
doe
appertaine
vnto
the
same
.
And
therfore
I
will
saie
,
as
that
worthie
man
Hippocrates
did
.
That
this
art
is
most
honourable
and
worthy
,
for
that
it
doth
intend
to
kéepe
mans
bodie
in
health
,
and
to
remoue
sicknesse
.
Therefore
it
is
said
,
that
the
end
of
Chirurgia
,
is
the
restoring
of
mans
health
.
Now
let
vs
consider
whether
this
art
be
like
vnto
other
artes
,
or
not
.
In
some
thinges
wée
saie
,
it
is
like
vnto
other
arts
,
and
in
some
things
it
is
not
.
It
is
like
vnto
other
arts
,
in
that
it
doth
consist
in
a
multitude
of
principles
,
whose
affectes
are
rightlie
to
bring
to
passe
or
finish
some
thing
which
we
intend
to
doe
,
for
Aristotle
in
his
.6
.
Ethic.
cap.
4.
doth
define
Art
to
be
a
certaine
order
of
doing
,
placed
with
habit
and
vnderstanding
,
working
vppon
some
subiect
,
to
bring
to
passe
and
finish
some
thing
that
he
doth
intend
,
by
the
same
art
,
so
that
what
thing
so
euer
is
brought
to
passe
or
done
,
it
must
néeds
be
done
by
some
one
art
.
In
this
the
art
of
medicine
is
like
vnto
all
other
artes
,
for
that
it
consisteth
in
doing
and
bringing
to
passe
,
or
as
we
may
tearme
it
,
in
restoring
health
,
or
curing
mans
bodie
,
being
subiect
therevnto
.
But
other
waies
it
doth
differ
,
and
doth
require
a
further
knowledge
than
the
common
Artist
doth
.
It
is
requisite
that
this
Artist
which
intendeth
to
vse
the
arte
of
Medicine
,
should
be
verie
well
learned
in
the
speculatiue
part
of
his
arte
,
as
well
as
in
practise
.
It
is
vnpossible
to
carrie
in
minde
so
many
considerations
,
so
many
obseruations
,
and
so
many
inuentions
as
this
art
doth
require
,
and
therefore
it
is
requisite
,
that
he
be
not
onelie
well
learned
in
the
principles
of
his
arte
,
but
also
that
he
be
studious
in
the
workes
of
other
excellent
men
,
wherein
he
may
learne
their
wittie
and
ingenious
deuises
,
to
helpe
this
Artist
the
sooner
to
bring
to
passe
his
desired
end
.
In
this
it
doth
much
differ
from
other
artes
,
which
worketh
onlie
by
experience
,
in
wittie
bringing
of
things
to
passe
,
without
anie
further
consideration
,
neither
doe
they
néed
anie
such
excellent
learning
,
for
that
theirs
doth
consist
chieflie
vppon
experience
and
practise
,
and
hath
not
so
much
regard
vnto
the
life
and
health
of
man
.
For
this
art
doth
onelie
intend
to
saue
mans
life
in
the
time
of
necessitie
,
&
also
to
remooue
awaie
such
grieuous
sicknesses
as
might
anoie
and
disquiet
both
bodie
and
minde
.
Wherefore
this
Artist
is
chieflie
to
be
considered
and
looked
vnto
,
not
onelie
to
be
rewarded
for
his
excellent
cunning
in
restoring
mannes
bodie
to
health
,
but
to
bée
seene
vnto
and
throughlie
examined
,
whether
he
bée
learned
in
this
arte
or
not
,
if
he
be
not
learned
,
neither
vnderstandeth
the
principles
of
this
arte
,
then
he
is
to
be
forbidden
this
art
for
the
worthinesse
thereof
,
for
this
worthy
art
worketh
vpon
mans
bodie
,
for
whome
all
this
worlde
was
made
,
and
all
things
therin
contained
,
and
the
almightie
Lord
had
so
great
care
for
man
,
that
he
did
not
onelie
make
these
things
for
him
,
but
also
made
him
Lord
of
them
,
and
gaue
vnto
him
straight
lawes
,
that
he
shoulde
foresée
,
that
one
man
should
not
kill
and
destroie
another
,
neither
wilfullie
,
neither
yet
willinglie
.
Then
I
must
conclude
,
that
whosoeuer
doth
take
vpon
him
to
minister
in
this
art
,
for
the
safegard
of
mannes
life
,
and
being
ignorant
in
the
principles
thereof
,
as
I
haue
said
before
,
he
taking
vppon
him
,
and
the
man
perishing
in
his
handes
through
his
default
,
I
saie
,
this
is
murther
,
and
this
is
not
the
right
end
that
art
requireth
,
neither
is
it
sufferable
in
the
common
wealth
.
And
therefore
it
was
not
in
vaine
that
this
worthie
man
Guido
did
saie
,
that
a
Chyrurgion
ought
to
be
learned
,
not
onelie
in
the
principles
of
Chyrurgerie
,
but
also
in
the
principles
of
Phisicke
,
yea
,
and
also
in
thinges
both
naturall
and
not
naturall
,
and
things
against
nature
,
without
the
knowledge
of
which
,
he
should
neither
rightlie
worke
,
neither
yet
bring
to
a
good
end
,
the
desired
scope
which
is
required
of
the
Artist
.
Thus
you
may
perceiue
,
for
this
first
propertie
which
Guido
speaketh
of
,
where
he
requireth
that
a
Chirurgion
shoulde
bée
learned
,
it
is
euen
so
necessarie
for
him
,
as
the
head
is
for
the
bodie
,
cut
off
the
head
,
and
sée
what
the
bodie
can
doe
,
although
the
bodie
hath
handes
and
féete
,
and
other
necessarie
members
,
yet
because
it
lacketh
knowledge
and
the
vse
of
reason
,
which
was
contained
in
the
head
,
and
should
haue
bene
distributed
to
the
rest
of
the
bodie
,
to
moue
the
same
,
and
caused
it
to
haue
done
the
actions
of
the
minde
,
thorough
default
héereof
nothing
might
bée
done
:
Euen
in
lyke
manner
,
the
Chyrurgion
lacking
knowledge
of
the
principles
of
this
Arte
,
canne
doe
nothing
rightlie
nor
profitablie
,
but
hée
shall
alwayes
bée
in
daunger
,
eyther
to
kill
or
else
to
mayme
some
man
,
for
that
hee
lacketh
that
reasonable
and
methodicall
knowledge
which
this
art
doth
require
,
being
the
head
and
principle
thereof
.
It
is
not
vnknowen
vnto
you
what
manner
of
seruice
the
Chyrurgion
doth
serue
in
,
&
in
what
places
,
at
what
times
,
and
how
necessarie
it
is
in
the
common
wealth
:
And
although
other
men
haue
written
verie
well
héereof
,
and
that
I
doe
not
doubt
,
but
that
you
haue
verie
wel
considered
the
same
:
yet
forasmuch
as
this
most
excellent
seruice
is
not
to
be
neglected
,
or
a
light
account
to
be
made
thereof
:
I
haue
thought
it
good
,
for
that
it
pertaineth
to
my
matter
,
some
thing
to
giue
you
warning
therin
.
I
haue
declared
vnto
you
in
the
beginning
of
this
proime
,
the
noblenesse
of
this
Art
,
&
how
it
is
to
be
honored
amongst
men
,
for
that
it
procéeded
from
the
almightie
Lord
God
,
and
was
vsed
and
set
forth
by
most
noble
and
worthie
Princes
,
and
many
other
worthie
men
of
most
excellent
vertue
and
learning
.
And
now
at
this
day
either
through
negligence
of
the
vncarefull
Magistrates
,
or
else
through
our
euill
natures
,
it
is
vsed
by
a
sort
of
vnlearned
persons
,
to
the
great
ouerthrow
&
dishonor
of
this
worthie
Arte
,
yea
,
and
almost
to
the
vtter
losse
of
the
methodicall
and
true
knowledge
therein
:
which
may
bée
no
small
daunger
héereafter
,
except
spéedie
remedie
be
had
héerein
,
and
that
noble
persons
be
carefull
for
this
so
necessarie
an
Art
,
which
kings
in
times
past
did
not
onelie
giue
great
rewards
vnto
those
learned
men
which
set
it
foorth
,
but
also
they
themselues
did
vse
it
,
by
meanes
whereof
,
they
got
vnto
themselues
immortall
fame
,
in
that
they
did
deliuer
their
people
by
vsing
of
this
art
,
from
so
many
grieuous
diseases
,
which
dailie
they
were
brought
to
death
withall
.
Thus
these
gratious
and
mercifull
Princes
,
were
not
vncarefull
for
their
subiectes
,
and
they
did
not
onelie
build
certaine
Schooles
,
that
this
Arte
might
bée
taught
in
,
but
also
they
did
deuise
medicines
,
and
ministred
the
same
vnto
those
that
had
néede
,
in
such
good
order
,
and
with
such
knowledge
,
that
manye
thousands
were
restored
to
their
health
thereby
,
and
by
their
examples
they
encouraged
manie
other
noble
persons
,
and
also
excellent
learned
men
,
and
men
of
excellent
wit
,
to
studie
and
practise
the
same
,
to
the
great
comfort
of
their
common
welth
,
and
rewarded
them
with
great
rewards
.
But
now
alas
,
in
this
vnhappie
time
of
ours
,
this
Art
is
not
onely
neglected
,
and
vnprouided
for
,
but
also
despised
,
abhorred
,
&
euill
spoken
of
,
by
meanes
whereof
noble
persons
,
and
men
of
great
learning
,
doth
rather
hate
it
,
then
séeke
meanes
or
other
wayes
,
to
reuiue
it
againe
.
For
I
saye
once
againe
,
in
this
our
vnhappy
time
:
that
Taylours
,
Shoemakers
,
Cookes
,
and
Carpinters
,
are
had
in
more
estimation
,
then
these
noble
Artists
bée
.
Yea
,
I
thinke
,
Iuglers
,
Players
,
yea
,
&
Iacke
foole
with
his
fooles
coate
,
shal
be
as
well
estéemed
&
placed
in
as
néere
roomes
vnto
the
magistrates
,
as
these
most
excellent
artistes
shal
be
.
Well
,
I
will
say
no
more
,
but
if
that
noble
man
Galen
,
were
aliue
,
who
doth
say
in
his
first
booke
de
methodo
medendi
,
that
drunkards
and
riotous
persons
,
were
more
regarded
,
than
men
of
knowledge
and
learning
,
and
also
how
that
Cookes
,
Carpenters
,
Smithes
,
and
many
other
occupations
did
runne
from
their
Artes
,
and
tooke
vpon
them
the
arte
of
medicine
,
I
thinke
if
he
were
now
liuing
,
and
in
our
Countrey
,
he
would
not
a
little
meruaille
,
to
sée
what
a
disordred
company
there
is
now
at
this
day
,
which
vseth
this
Arte
:
vseth
this
Art
,
nay
,
abuseth
this
Arte
,
most
wickedly
and
vngodly
,
to
the
great
dishonor
of
our
countrey
,
&
to
the
destruction
and
infamy
of
this
worthie
Arte.
What
shall
I
say
,
that
these
people
be
suffered
,
nay
,
rather
maintained
,
in
this
vnhappie
mischiefe
.
For
I
haue
knowen
,
not
onely
noble
persons
to
maintaine
them
,
who
haue
written
their
letters
in
their
defence
,
to
kéepe
them
from
punishment
,
when
they
haue
committed
most
wicked
déedes
,
but
also
caused
a
lawe
to
be
made
,
that
euery
one
might
occupy
this
Arte
,
without
any
punishment
,
not
onely
Shoemakers
,
and
Tailers
,
Carpinters
,
and
Tinkers
,
and
such
other
as
Galen
doth
vtterly
condempne
,
and
speake
against
:
but
also
witches
,
and
baudes
,
coniurers
,
and
a
sort
of
false
soothsayers
.
I
will
not
speake
of
a
multitude
of
strangers
,
as
pouch
makers
,
and
pedlers
,
with
glasse
makers
,
and
coblers
,
which
runne
out
of
their
owne
countries
,
and
here
become
noble
Phisitions
and
Chirurgions
,
such
as
now
is
most
in
estimation
,
and
ruleth
all
the
roast
in
our
Countrie
,
so
that
the
poore
English
men
,
and
such
as
haue
serued
in
the
time
of
warres
,
with
expenses
of
their
goods
,
and
losse
of
their
liues
,
yea
,
and
the
rest
of
them
that
be
liuing
,
must
of
necessitie
serue
at
all
times
both
by
land
and
by
sea
,
as
well
in
the
time
of
warres
as
in
the
time
of
pestilence
:
These
poore
men
I
saie
,
are
constrained
to
serue
,
to
their
vtter
vndoing
,
and
when
they
come
home
againe
,
they
,
their
wiues
,
and
their
children
,
may
goe
picke
muscles
,
for
this
iollie
companie
afore
spoken
off
,
haue
taken
vp
all
their
acquaintance
whilest
they
be
seruing
in
the
warres
.
Come
to
anie
of
these
straungers
,
or
anie
of
these
other
people
,
when
the
Prince
should
be
serued
,
and
one
will
say
,
I
am
a
Tailour
,
another
will
saie
,
I
am
a
Shooemaker
,
and
the
other
will
saie
,
I
am
a
woman
,
so
that
then
they
will
make
delaies
,
by
meanes
whereof
they
will
not
serue
.
And
thus
the
Prince
and
the
common
wealth
in
the
time
of
necessitie
,
is
vtterlie
vnserued
,
for
this
Companie
is
content
to
take
the
liuing
of
Chirurgions
,
and
the
names
too
,
so
long
as
there
is
no
néed
of
seruice
for
the
Prince
,
but
then
they
haue
new
names
,
and
if
they
be
straungers
,
they
will
then
trudge
home
againe
into
their
owne
Countries
,
or
els
hide
them
out
of
the
waie
,
or
else
retaine
to
some
noble
man
,
by
meanes
whereof
,
they
will
be
defended
from
seruice
of
the
Prince
.
And
thus
with
this
manner
of
disordered
shifts
,
the
Princes
with
their
people
,
are
not
onelie
euill
serued
,
and
somtimes
not
serued
at
all
,
but
the
noble
arte
of
Chyrurgerie
is
vtterlie
ouerthrowen
and
brought
to
ruine
,
and
the
true
professors
therof
at
this
daie
,
be
so
few
in
number
,
that
it
is
to
be
wondered
at
.
I
haue
my selfe
in
the
time
of
king
Henrie
the
eight
,
helpe
to
furnish
out
of
London
in
one
yéere
,
which
serued
by
sea
and
by
land
,
thrée
score
and
twelue
Chirurgions
,
which
were
good
worke
men
,
and
wel
able
to
serue
,
and
all
English
men
.
At
this
present
daie
there
are
not
foure
and
thirtie
of
all
the
whole
companie
of
English
men
,
&
yet
the
most
part
of
them
be
in
noble
mens
seruice
,
so
that
if
we
should
haue
néede
,
I
doe
not
knowe
where
to
finde
twelue
sufficient
men
.
What
do
I
saie
?
sufficient
men
:
Nay
,
I
would
there
were
ten
amongst
all
the
companie
,
worthie
to
be
called
Chirurgions
,
and
let
the
rest
doe
such
seruice
as
they
may
,
for
if
there
be
néede
of
seruice
,
I
thinke
their
Chirurgerie
shall
appeare
to
some
mannes
griefe
and
paine
.
Thus
I
leaue
off
,
and
goe
to
my
matter
againe
.
My
brethren
,
you
that
be
English
men
,
&
professe
this
noble
art
,
remember
I
saie
,
your
vocation
,
and
be
not
discouraged
,
for
that
that
this
rablement
doth
flourish
,
&
that
strangers
are
had
in
such
estimation
,
which
I
know
is
vnto
you
no
small
discouraging
,
but
I
doe
not
doubt
in
time
,
God
shall
stirre
vp
the
heart
of
the
Prince
,
with
her
Graces
noble
Magistrates
,
to
consider
the
great
perill
that
may
grow
thereof
,
not
onelie
in
the
vtter
losse
of
so
worthie
an
art
,
which
of
necessitie
must
néeds
be
lost
amongest
vs
that
be
English
men
,
except
prouision
may
bée
made
,
that
these
worthie
Artistes
may
haue
sufficient
liuing
to
maintaine
them
withall
,
but
also
to
foresee
that
this
common
wealth
may
be
serued
with
our
naturall
,
true
,
and
liege
Countrie
men
,
and
not
to
preferre
Straungers
,
which
commeth
rather
hether
for
their
owne
gaine
,
than
for
anie
good
loue
that
they
doe
beare
vnto
vs
,
and
in
the
time
of
greatest
néede
doth
forsake
vs
.
Therefore
I
praie
you
remember
,
that
ye
be
verie
studious
in
this
arte
,
and
diligent
and
neate
in
the
practising
thereof
,
and
also
to
be
modest
,
wise
,
and
of
good
manners
and
behauiour
,
and
that
you
lacke
none
of
these
good
properties
that
we
haue
spoken
of
before
,
least
when
you
shall
be
called
for
in
the
time
of
necessitie
,
to
serue
Princes
,
and
other
noble
persons
,
ye
doe
not
onelie
dishonour
your selues
and
your
Countrie
,
but
this
worthie
art
also
.
Remember
I
praie
you
what
great
charge
is
committed
vnto
you
in
the
time
of
warres
,
ye
haue
not
onelie
the
charge
of
mens
limmes
,
but
also
of
their
liues
,
which
if
they
should
perish
through
your
defaulte
,
eyther
in
neglecting
of
anie
thing
that
were
necessarie
for
theyr
health
,
which
you
ought
to
bée
furnished
withall
,
either
else
through
lack
of
knowledge
which
ye
ought
to
haue
in
your
art
:
I
saie
,
if
these
de●…ults
be
in
you
,
and
the
people
perish
in
your
handes
,
you
cannot
excuse
your selues
of
your
brothers
death
.
Therefore
as
you
would
this
art
should
prosper
,
remoue
from
it
such
pernitious
occasions
as
might
be
hurtfull
therevnto
.
For
if
we
shall
be
bloudie
murtherers
,
or
greedie
and
couetous
catchers
,
and
oppressers
of
poore
people
,
let
vs
not
looke
for
the
fauour
of
God
,
neither
yet
to
prosper
in
our
art
,
or
if
we
shall
be
negligent
in
prouiding
of
such
necessary
things
as
may
be
for
the
help
of
our
diseased
patients
:
either
else
if
we
shall
lack
knowledge
for
the
right
vse
and
administration
of
the
same
,
we
shall
then
be
slaunderous
vnto
this
most
excellent
Arte
,
and
vnworthie
professors
thereof
,
and
in
verie
déede
,
accounted
no
better
than
these
rude
runagates
and
butcherlie
Dogleechers
are
.
Remember
also
the
continuance
of
your
art
,
as
our
fore
fathers
haue
done
before
our
time
,
which
hath
left
no
small
number
of
worthie
bookes
for
vs
to
peruse
,
whose
diligence
thereby
,
for
the
continuance
of
this
arte
,
doth
most
manifestlie
appeare
.
And
like
as
they
haue
with
most
diligent
studie
,
diuine
knowledge
,
&
most
willing
hearts
,
left
these
their
workes
and
labours
vnto
vs
their
posteritie
,
to
be
as
it
were
guides
,
and
most
sure
doctrine
to
follow
:
so
I
wold
wish
that
we
with
carefull
studie
and
louing
heartes
,
follow
their
precepts
,
as
louing
children
ought
to
followe
the
profitable
commaundementes
of
their
carefull
Fathers
.
And
al
you
that
be
young
men
,
I
request
you
also
,
that
you
be
diligent
in
séeing
of
other
excellent
mens
workes
,
&
not
to
be
too
bolde
&
presume
to
deale
with
things
aboue
your
knowledge
,
but
in
doubtfull
&
dangerous
matters
,
to
desire
counsaile
of
the
graue
and
auncient
men
,
who
hath
more
knowledge
by
long
experience
,
&
able
to
giue
better
iudgement
than
you
are
,
by
meanes
whereof
the
Patient
shall
not
onelie
be
the
better
prouided
for
,
but
you
also
discharged
of
great
blame
,
which
might
happen
,
if
anie
thing
came
to
the
sicke
patient
:
But
well
,
let
your
honest
manners
bée
equall
vnto
your
excellent
knowledge
and
practise
in
this
worthie
arte
,
sée
that
ye
be
faithfull
,
trustie
,
and
true
,
vnto
your
sicke
patients
honest
of
behauiour
,
sober
of
life
,
&
comfortable
of
words
.
And
also
sée
that
ye
serue
God
,
and
loue
him
,
and
praie
vnto
him
at
all
times
,
that
the
holie
Ghost
may
assist
and
strengthen
you
in
all
your
workes
and
enterprises
which
you
doe
take
in
hand
,
so
that
they
may
all
turne
to
the
commoditie
of
the
sicke
patient
,
and
to
the
glorie
of
God
,
promising
no
health
vnto
them
,
but
thy
faithfull
and
painful
diligence
,
for
health
lieth
not
in
thy
hands
to
giue
,
but
in
the
might
and
power
of
the
almightie
Lord
God
,
vnto
whom
be
all
honour
,
praise
,
and
glorie
,
worlde
without
end
,
Amen
.
Thus
most
louing
Reader
,
I
beséech
thée
to
spare
mée
thy
good
word
,
for
my
painful
trauaile
which
I
haue
taken
héerein
,
for
the
commonweath
sake
,
and
for
the
furtherance
of
those
that
be
young
men
of
my
Companie
,
and
thinke
not
that
I
haue
done
it
to
teach
anie
learned
man
,
but
rather
to
encourage
those
that
be
better
learned
,
to
bestowe
their
diligence
and
trauaile
,
either
for
the
amendement
of
this
,
or
else
for
the
setting
forth
of
some
better
worke
.
Thus
taking
my
leaue
,
I
beséech
the
eternall
God
to
prosper
this
most
worthie
arte
,
and
all
the
true
and
right
professors
of
the
same
.