The
right
Honble.
Francis
Lo:
Verulam
,
Viscount
S
ct
Alban
.
Mortuus
9
Aprilis
,
Anno
Dni
,
1626.
Annoque
Aesat
66.
יחוח
Et
vidit
Deus
lucem
quod
esset
bona
.
Mundus
Intellectualis
SYLVA
SYLVARVM
or
A
NATVRALL
HISTORY
In
ten
Centuries
.
Written
by
the
right
Honble
Francis
Lo:
Verulam
Viscount
S
ct
Alban
.
Published
after
the
Autho
rs
Death
by
W.
RAWLEY
Dr
of
Diuinity
〈…〉
LONDON
Printed
for
W.
Lee
and
are
to
be
sould
at
the
Great
Turks
head
next
to
the
Mytre
Taurne
in
Fleetstreet
Anno
●●●●
TO
THE
MOST
HIGH
AND
MIGHTY
PRINCE
CHARLES
,
BY
THE
GRACE
OF
GOD
,
King
of
Great
Britaine
,
France
,
and
Ireland
,
Defender
of
the
Faith
,
&c.
May
it
please
your
most
Excellent
Maiestie
;
THe
whole
Body
of
the
Naturall
Historie
,
either
designed
,
or
written
,
by
the
late
Lo.
Viscount
S.
Alban
,
was
dedicated
to
your
Maiestie
,
in
his
Booke
De
Ventis
,
about
foure
yeeres
past
,
when
your
Maiestie
was
Prince
:
So
as
there
needed
no
new
Dedication
of
this
Worke
,
but
only
,
in
all
humblenesse
,
to
let
your
Maiestie
know
,
it
is
yours
.
It
is
true
,
if
that
Lo.
had
liued
;
your
Maiestie
,
ere
long
,
had
beene
inuoked
,
to
the
Protection
of
another
Historie
;
Whereof
,
not
Natures
Kingdome
,
as
in
this
,
but
these
of
your
Maiesties
,
(
during
the
Time
and
Raigne
of
King
Henry
the
Eighth
)
had
beene
the
Subiect
:
Which
since
it
died
vnder
the
Designation
meerely
,
there
is
nothing
left
,
but
your
Maiesties
Princely
Goodnesse
,
graciously
to
accept
of
the
Vndertakers
Heart
,
and
Intentions
;
who
was
willing
to
haue
parted
,
for
a
while
,
with
his
Darling
Philosophie
,
that
hee
might
haue
attended
your
Royall
Commandement
,
in
that
other
Worke.
Thus
much
I
haue
beene
bold
,
in
all
lowlinesse
,
to
represent
vnto
your
Maiestie
,
as
one
that
was
trusted
with
his
Lordships
Writings
,
euen
to
the
last
.
And
as
this
Worke
affecteth
the
Stampe
of
your
Maiesties
Royall
Protection
,
to
make
it
more
currant
to
the
World
;
So
vnder
the
Protection
of
this
Worke
,
I
presume
in
all
humblenesse
to
approach
your
Maiesties
presence
;
And
to
offer
it
vp
into
your
Sacred
Hands
.
Your
MAIESTIES
most
Loyall
and
Deuoted
Subiect
,
W.
RAWLEY
.
SYLVA
SYLVARVM
:
OR
A
Naturall
Historie
.
IN
TEN
CENTURIES
.
WRITTEN
BY
THE
RIGHT
Honourable
FRANCIS
Lo.
Verulam
Viscount
St.
ALBAN
.
Published
after
the
Authors
death
,
By
WILLIAM
RAWLEY
Doctor
of
Diuinitie
,
late
his
Lordships
Chaplaine
.
LONDON
,
¶
Printed
by
I.
H.
for
William
Lee
at
the
Turks
Head
in
Fleet-street
,
next
to
the
Miter
.
1626.
To
the
Reader
.
HAuing
had
the
Honour
to
be
continually
with
my
Lord
,
in
compiling
of
this
Worke
;
And
to
be
employed
therein
;
I
haue
thought
it
not
amisse
,
(
with
his
Lordships
good
leaue
and
liking
,
)
for
the
better
satisfaction
of
those
that
shall
reade
it
,
to
make
knowne
somewhat
of
his
Lordships
Intentions
,
touching
the
Ordering
,
and
Publishing
of
the
same
.
I
haue
heard
his
Lordship
often
say
;
that
if
hee
should
haue
serued
the
glory
of
his
owne
Name
,
he
had
been
better
not
to
haue
published
this
Naturall
History
:
For
it
may
seeme
an
Indigested
Heap
of
Particulars
;
And
cannot
haue
that
Lustre
,
which
Bookes
cast
into
Methods
haue
:
But
that
he
resolued
to
preferre
the
good
of
Men
,
and
that
which
might
best
secure
it
,
before
any
thing
that
might
haue
Relation
to
Himselfe
.
And
hee
knew
well
,
that
ther
was
no
other
way
open
,
to
vnloose
Mens
mindes
,
being
bound
;
and
(
as
it
were
)
Maleficiate
,
by
the
Charmes
of
deceiuing
Notions
,
and
Theories
;
and
therby
made
Impotent
for
Generation
of
Workes
;
But
onely
no
wher
to
depart
from
the
Sense
,
and
cleare
experience
;
But
to
keepe
close
to
it
,
especially
in
the
beginning
:
Besides
,
this
Naturall
History
was
a
Debt
of
his
,
being
Designed
and
set
downe
for
a
third
part
of
the
Instauration
.
I
haue
also
heard
his
Lordship
discourse
,
that
Men
(
no
doubt
)
will
thinke
many
of
the
Experiments
conteined
in
this
Collection
,
to
bee
Vulgar
and
Triuiall
;
Meane
and
Sordid
;
Curious
and
Fruitlesse
:
And
therfore
he
wisheth
,
that
they
would
haue
perpetually
before
their
Eyes
,
what
is
now
in
doing
;
And
the
Difference
betweene
this
Naturall
History
,
and
others
.
For
those
Naturall
Histories
,
which
are
Extant
,
being
gathered
for
Delight
and
Vse
,
are
full
of
pleasant
Descriptions
and
Pictures
;
and
affect
and
seeke
after
Admiration
,
Rarities
,
and
Secrets
.
But
contrariwise
,
the
Scope
which
his
Lordship
intendeth
,
is
to
write
such
a
Naturall
History
,
as
may
be
Fundamentall
to
the
Erecting
and
Building
of
a
true
Philosophy
:
For
the
Illumination
of
the
Vnderstanding
;
the
Extracting
of
Axiomes
;
and
the
producing
of
many
Noble
Works
,
and
Effects
.
For
he
hopeth
,
by
this
meanes
,
to
acquit
Himselfe
of
that
,
for
which
hee
taketh
Himselfe
in
a
sort
bound
;
And
that
is
,
the
Aduancement
of
all
Learning
and
Sciences
.
For
hauing
in
this
present
Worke
Collected
the
Materialls
for
the
Building
;
And
in
his
Novum
Organum
(
of
which
his
Lordship
is
yet
to
publish
a
Second
Part
,
)
set
downe
the
Instruments
and
Directions
for
the
Worke
;
Men
shall
now
bee
wanting
to
themselues
,
if
they
raise
not
Knowledge
to
that
perfection
,
whereof
the
Nature
of
Mortall
men
is
capable
.
And
in
this
behalfe
,
I
haue
heard
his
Lordship
speake
complainingly
;
That
his
Lordship
(
who
thinketh
hee
deserueth
to
be
an
Architect
in
this
building
,
)
should
be
forced
to
be
a
Work-man
and
a
Labourer
;
And
to
digge
the
Clay
,
and
burne
the
Brick
;
And
more
then
that
,
(
according
to
the
hard
Condition
of
the
Israelites
at
the
latter
end
)
to
gather
the
Strawe
and
Stubble
,
ouer
all
the
Fields
,
to
burn
the
Bricks
withall
.
For
he
knoweth
,
that
except
hee
doe
it
,
nothing
will
be
done
:
Men
are
so
sett
to
despise
the
Meanes
of
their
owne
good
.
And
as
for
the
Basenes
of
many
of
the
Experiments
;
As
long
as
they
be
Gods
Works
,
they
are
Honourable
enough
.
And
for
the
Vulgarnes
of
them
;
true
Axiomes
must
be
drawne
from
plaine
Experience
,
and
not
from
doubtfull
;
And
his
Lordships
course
is
,
to
make
Wonders
Plaine
,
and
not
Plaine
things
Wonders
;
And
that
Experience
likewise
must
be
broken
and
grinded
,
and
not
whole
,
or
as
it
groweth
.
And
for
Vse
;
his
Lordship
hath
often
in
his
Mouth
,
the
two
kindes
of
Experiments
;
Experimenta
Fructifera
,
and
Experimenta
Lucifera
:
Experiments
of
Vse
,
and
Experiments
of
Light
;
And
he
reporteth
himself
,
whether
he
were
not
a
strange
Man
,
that
should
thinke
that
Light
hath
no
Vse
,
because
it
hath
no
Matter
.
Further
,
his
Lordship
thought
good
also
,
to
add
vnto
many
of
the
Experiments
themselues
,
some
Glosse
of
the
Causes
;
that
in
the
succeeding
work
of
Interpreting
Nature
,
and
Framing
Axiomes
,
all
things
may
be
in
more
Readines
.
And
for
the
Causes
herein
by
Him
assigned
;
his
Lordship
perswadeth
Himselfe
,
they
are
farr
more
certaine
,
then
those
that
are
rendred
by
Others
;
Not
for
any
Excellency
of
his
owne
Witt
,
(
as
his
Lordship
is
wont
to
say
)
but
in
respect
of
his
continuall
Conuersation
with
Nature
,
and
Experience
.
He
did
consider
likewise
,
that
by
this
Addition
of
Causes
,
Mens
mindes
(
which
make
so
much
hast
to
find
out
the
Causes
of
things
;
)
would
not
think
themselues
vtterly
lost
,
in
a
Vast
Wood
of
Experience
,
but
stay
vpon
these
Causes
,
(
such
as
they
are
)
a
little
,
till
true
Axiomes
may
be
more
fully
discouered
.
I
haue
heard
his
Lordship
say
also
,
that
one
great
Reason
,
why
he
would
not
put
these
Particulars
into
any
exact
Method
,
(
though
he
that
looketh
attentiuely
into
them
,
shall
finde
that
they
haue
a
secret
Order
)
was
,
because
hee
conceiued
that
other
men
would
now
thinke
,
that
they
could
doe
the
like
;
And
so
goe
on
with
a
further
Collection
:
which
if
the
Method
had
been
Exact
,
many
would
haue
despaired
to
attaine
by
Imitation
.
As
for
his
Lordships
loue
of
Order
,
I
can
referr
any
Man
to
his
Lordships
Latine
Booke
,
De
Augmentis
Scientiarum
;
which
(
if
my
Iudgment
be
any
thing
)
is
written
in
the
Exactest
Order
,
that
I
know
any
Writing
to
bee
.
I
will
conclude
with
an
vsuall
Speech
of
his
Lordships
.
This
Epistle
is
the
same
,
that
should
haue
been
prefixed
to
this
Booke
,
if
his
Lordship
had
liued
.
That
this
Worke
of
his
Naturall
History
,
is
the
World
,
as
GOD
made
it
,
and
not
as
Men
haue
made
it
;
For
that
it
hath
nothing
of
Imagination
.
W
:
Rawley
.
NATVRALL
HISTORIE
.
I.
Century
.
DIGG
a
Pitt
vpon
the
Sea
shore
,
somewhat
aboue
the
High-water
Marke
,
and
sincke
it
as
deepe
as
the
Low-Water
marke
;
And
as
the
Tide
commeth
in
,
it
will
fill
with
Water
,
Fresh
and
Potable
.
Experiments
in
Consort
,
touching
the
Straining
and
Passing
of
Bodies
,
one
through
another
:
which
they
Call
Percolation
.
This
is
commonly
practized
vpon
the
Coast
of
Barbary
,
where
other
fresh
Water
is
wanting
.
And
CAESAR
knew
this
well
,
when
he
was
besieged
in
Alexandria
:
For
by
Digging
of
Pitts
in
the
Sea
shoare
,
hee
did
frustrate
the
Laborious
Workes
of
the
Enemies
,
which
had
turned
the
Sea-Water
vpon
the
Wells
of
Alexandria
;
And
so
saued
his
Army
,
being
then
in
Desperation
.
But
Caesar
mistooke
the
Cause
,
For
he
thought
that
all
Sea-Sandes
had
Naturall
Springs
of
Fresh
Water
.
But
it
is
plaine
,
that
it
is
the
Sea-Water
;
because
the
Pitt
filleth
according
to
the
Measure
of
the
Tide
:
And
the
Sea-water
passing
or
Strayning
through
the
Sandes
,
leaueth
the
Saltnesse
.
I
remember
to
haue
Read
,
that
Triall
hath
beene
made
of
Salt
Water
passed
through
Earth
;
through
Tenn
Vessells
,
one
within
an
other
,
and
yet
it
hath
not
lost
his
Saltnesse
,
as
to
become
potable
:
But
the
same
Man
saith
,
that
(
by
the
Relation
of
Another
,
)
Salt
Water
drained
through
twenty
Vessells
,
hath
become
Fresh
.
This
Experiment
seemeth
to
crosse
that
other
of
Pitts
,
made
by
the
Sea
side
;
And
yet
but
in
part
,
if
it
be
true
,
that
twentie
Repetitions
doe
the
Effect
.
But
it
is
worth
the
Note
,
how
poore
the
Imitations
of
Nature
are
,
in
Common
course
of
Experiments
,
except
they
be
led
by
great
Iudgement
,
and
some
good
Light
of
Axiomes
.
For
first
,
ther
is
no
small
difference
betweene
a
Passage
of
Water
through
twenty
small
Vessells
;
And
through
such
a
distance
,
as
betweene
the
Low
water
,
and
High
water
Marke
.
Secondly
,
there
is
a
great
difference
betweene
Earth
and
Sand.
For
all
Earth
hath
in
it
a
kinde
of
Nitrous
Salt
,
from
which
Sand
is
more
free
:
And
besides
Earth
doth
not
straine
the
Water
so
finely
,
as
Sand
doth
.
But
ther
is
a
Third
Point
,
that
I
suspect
as
much
,
or
more
,
then
the
other
Two
:
And
that
is
,
that
in
the
Experiment
of
Transmission
of
the
Sea-water
into
the
Pitts
,
the
Water
riseth
;
But
in
the
Experiment
of
Transmission
of
the
Water
through
the
Vessells
,
it
falleth
:
Now
certaine
it
is
,
that
the
Salter
Part
of
Water
,
(
once
Salted
throughout
)
goeth
to
the
Bottome
.
And
therfore
no
meruaile
,
if
the
Draining
of
Water
by
descent
,
doth
not
make
it
fresh
:
Besides
,
I
doe
somewhat
doubt
,
that
the
very
Dashing
of
the
Water
,
that
commeth
from
the
Sea
,
is
more
proper
to
strike
of
the
Salt
part
,
then
wher
the
Water
slideth
of
her
owne
Motion
.
It
seemeth
Percolation
or
Transmission
,
(
which
is
commonly
called
Straining
,
)
is
a
good
kinde
of
Separation
;
Not
onely
of
Thicke
from
Thin
,
and
Grosse
from
Fine
,
;
But
of
more
subtile
Natures
;
And
varieth
according
to
the
Bodie
through
which
the
Transmission
is
made
.
As
if
through
a
wollen
Bagg
,
the
Liquour
leaueth
the
Fatnesse
;
If
through
Sand
,
the
Saltnesse
;
&c.
They
speake
of
Seuering
Wine
from
Water
,
passing
it
through
Iuy
wood
,
or
through
other
the
like
porous
Body
;
But
Non
Constat
.
The
Gumm
of
Trees
(
which
wee
see
to
be
commonly
shining
and
cleare
)
is
but
a
fine
Passage
or
Straining
of
the
Iuice
of
the
Tree
,
through
the
Wood
and
Bark
.
And
in
like
manner
,
Cornish
Diamonds
,
and
Rock
Rubies
,
(
which
are
yet
more
resplendent
then
Gumms
)
are
the
fine
Exudations
of
Stone
.
Aristotle
giueth
the
Cause
,
vainely
,
why
the
Feathers
of
Birdes
are
of
more
liuely
Colours
,
then
the
Haires
of
Beastes
;
for
no
Beast
hath
any
fine
Azure
,
or
Carnation
,
or
Greene
Haire
.
He
saith
,
It
is
,
because
Birds
are
more
in
the
Beames
of
the
Sunn
,
then
Beasts
;
But
that
is
manifestly
vntrue
;
For
Cattle
are
more
in
the
Sun
then
Birds
,
that
liue
commonly
in
the
Woods
,
or
in
some
Couert
.
The
true
Cause
is
,
that
the
Excrementious
Moisture
of
liuing
Creatures
,
which
maketh
as
well
the
Feathers
in
Birds
,
as
the
Haire
in
Beasts
,
passeth
in
Birds
through
a
finer
and
more
delicate
Strainer
,
then
it
doth
in
Beastes
:
For
Feathers
passe
through
Quills
;
And
Haire
through
Skin
.
The
Clarifying
of
Liquors
by
Adhesion
is
an
Inward
Percolation
;
And
is
effected
,
when
some
Cleauing
Body
is
Mixed
and
Agitated
with
the
Liquours
;
wherby
the
grosser
Part
of
the
Liquor
sticks
to
that
Cleauing
Body
;
And
so
the
finer
Parts
are
freed
from
the
Grosser
.
So
the
Apothecaries
clarify
their
Sirrupes
by
whites
of
Eggs
,
beaten
with
the
Iuices
which
they
would
clarify
;
which
Whites
of
Eggs
,
gather
all
the
Dreggs
and
grosser
Parts
of
the
Iuyce
to
them
;
And
after
the
Sirrupe
being
sett
on
the
Fire
,
the
whites
of
Egges
themselues
harden
,
and
are
taken
forth
.
So
Ippocrasse
is
clarified
by
mixing
with
Milke
;
And
stirring
it
about
;
And
then
passing
it
through
a
Wollen
Bagge
,
which
they
call
Hippocrates
Sleeue
:
And
the
Cleauing
Nature
of
the
Milke
draweth
the
Powder
of
the
Spices
,
and
Grosser
parts
of
the
Liquour
to
it
;
And
in
the
passage
they
stick
vpon
the
Woollen
Bagge
.
The
Clarifying
of
Water
,
is
an
Experiment
tending
to
Health
;
besides
the
pleasure
of
the
Eye
,
when
Water
is
Crystaline
.
It
is
effected
by
casting
in
and
placing
Pebbles
,
at
the
Head
of
a
Current
;
that
the
Water
may
straine
through
them
.
It
may
be
,
Percolation
doth
not
onely
cause
Clearenesse
and
Splendour
,
but
Sweetnes
of
Sauour
;
For
that
also
followeth
,
as
well
as
Clearenes
,
when
the
Finer
Parts
are
seuered
from
the
Grosser
.
So
it
is
found
,
that
the
Sweates
of
Men
that
haue
much
Heat
,
and
exercise
much
,
and
haue
cleane
Bodies
,
and
fine
Skins
,
doe
smell
sweet
;
As
was
said
of
Alexander
;
And
we
see
,
commonly
,
that
Gumms
haue
sweet
Odours
.
TAke
a
Glasse
,
and
put
Water
into
it
,
and
wett
your
Finger
,
and
draw
it
round
about
the
Lipp
of
the
Glasse
,
pressing
it
somewhat
hard
;
And
after
you
haue
drawne
it
some
few
times
about
;
it
will
make
the
Water
friske
and
sprinckle
vp
,
in
a
fine
Dew
.
Experiments
in
Consort
touching
Motion
of
Bodies
vpon
their
Pressure
.
This
Instance
doth
excellently
Demonstrate
the
Force
of
Compression
in
a
Solid
Body
.
For
whensoeuer
a
Solid
Body
(
as
Wood
,
Stone
,
Mettall
,
&c.
)
is
pressed
,
ther
is
an
inward
Tumult
in
the
parts
therof
;
seeking
to
deliuer
themselues
from
the
Compression
:
And
this
is
the
Cause
of
all
Violent
Motion
.
Wherin
it
is
strange
in
the
highest
Degree
,
that
this
Motion
hath
neuer
been
obserued
,
nor
inquired
;
It
being
of
all
Motions
,
the
most
Common
,
and
the
Chiefe
Roote
of
all
Mechanicall
Operations
.
This
Motion
worketh
in
round
at
first
,
by
way
of
Proofe
,
and
Search
,
which
way
to
deliuer
it selfe
;
And
then
worketh
in
Progresse
,
wher
it
findeth
the
Deliuerance
easiest
.
In
Liquours
this
Motion
is
visible
:
For
all
Liquours
strucken
make
round
Circles
,
and
withall
Dash
;
but
in
Solids
,
(
which
breake
not
,
)
it
is
so
subtile
,
as
it
is
inuisible
;
But
neuertheless
bewrayeth
it selfe
by
many
Effects
;
As
in
this
Instance
wherof
we
speake
.
For
the
Pressure
of
the
Finger
furthered
by
the
wetting
(
because
it
sticketh
so
much
the
better
vnto
the
Lipp
of
the
Glasse
,
)
after
some
continuance
,
putteth
all
the
small
Parts
of
the
Glasse
,
into
worke
;
that
they
strike
the
Water
sharpely
;
from
which
Percussion
that
Sprinkling
commeth
.
If
you
strike
or
pierce
a
Solid
Body
,
that
is
brittle
,
as
Glasse
,
or
Sugar
,
it
breaketh
not
onely
,
wher
the
immediate
force
is
;
but
breaketh
all
about
into
shiuers
and
fitters
;
The
Motion
,
vpon
the
Pressure
,
searching
all
wayes
;
and
breaking
where
it
findeth
the
Body
weakest
.
The
Powder
in
Shot
,
being
Dilated
into
such
a
Flame
,
as
endureth
not
Compression
;
Moueth
likewise
in
round
,
(
The
Flame
being
in
the
Nature
of
a
liquid
Body
:
)
Sometimes
recoyling
;
Sometimes
breaking
the
Piece
;
But
generally
discharging
the
Bullett
,
because
ther
it
findeth
easiest
Deliuerance
.
This
Motion
vpon
Pressure
,
and
the
Reciprocall
therof
,
which
is
Motion
vpon
Tensure
;
we
vse
to
call
(
by
one
common
Name
)
Motion
of
Libertie
;
which
is
,
when
any
Body
,
being
forced
to
a
Preter-Naturall
Extent
,
or
Dimension
,
deliuereth
and
restoreth
it selfe
to
the
Naturall
:
As
when
a
Blowne
Bladder
(
Pressed
)
riseth
againe
;
or
when
Leather
or
Cloath
tentured
spring
backe
.
These
two
Motions
(
of
which
ther
be
infinite
Instances
,
)
we
shall
handle
in
due
place
.
This
Motion
vpon
Pressure
is
excellently
also
demonstrated
in
Sounds
;
As
when
one
Chimeth
vpon
a
Bell
,
it
soundeth
;
But
as
soon
as
he
layeth
his
hand
vpon
it
,
the
Sound
ceaseth
:
And
so
,
the
Sound
of
a
Virginall
String
,
as
soone
as
the
Quill
of
the
Iack
falleth
vpon
it
,
stoppeth
.
For
these
Sounds
are
produced
,
by
the
subtile
Percussion
of
the
Minute
parts
,
of
the
Bell
,
or
String
,
vpon
the
Aire
;
All
one
,
as
the
Water
is
caused
to
leape
by
the
subtile
Percussion
of
the
Minute
parts
of
the
Glasse
,
vpon
the
Water
,
wherof
we
spake
a
little
before
in
the
9th
.
Experiment
.
For
you
must
not
take
it
to
be
,
the
locall
Shaking
of
the
Bell
,
or
String
,
that
doth
it
.
As
we
shall
fully
declare
,
when
we
come
hereafter
to
handle
Sounds
.
TAke
a
Glasse
with
a
Belly
and
a
long
Nebb
;
fill
the
Belly
(
in
part
)
with
Water
:
Take
also
another
Glasse
,
whereinto
put
Claret
Wine
and
Water
mingled
;
Reverse
the
first
Glasse
,
with
the
Belly
vpwards
,
Stopping
the
Nebb
with
your
fingar
;
Then
dipp
the
Mouth
of
it
within
the
Second
Glasse
,
and
remoue
your
Fingar
:
Continue
it
in
that
posture
for
a
time
;
And
it
will
vnmingle
the
Wine
from
the
Water
:
The
Wine
ascending
and
setling
in
the
topp
of
the
vpper
Glasse
;
And
the
Water
descending
and
setling
in
the
bottome
of
the
lower
Glasse
.
Experiments
in
Consort
touching
Separations
of
Bodies
by
Weight
The
passage
is
apparent
to
the
Eye
;
For
you
shall
see
the
Wine
,
as
it
were
,
in
a
small
veine
,
rising
through
the
Water
.
For
handsomnesse
sake
(
because
the
Working
requireth
some
small
time
)
it
were
good
you
hang
the
vpper
Glasse
vpon
a
Naile
.
But
as
soone
as
ther
is
gathered
so
much
pure
and
vnmixed
water
in
the
Bottome
of
the
Lower
Glasse
,
as
that
the
Mouth
of
the
vpper
Glasse
dippeth
into
it
,
the
Motion
ceaseth
Let
the
Vpper
Glasse
be
Wine
,
and
the
Lower
Water
;
ther
followeth
no
Motion
at
all
.
Lett
the
Vpper
Glasse
be
Water
pure
,
the
Lowwer
Water
coloured
;
or
contrariwise
;
ther
followeth
no
Motion
at
all
.
But
it
hath
been
tried
,
that
though
the
Mixture
of
Wine
and
Water
,
in
the
Lower
Glasse
,
be
three
parts
Water
,
and
but
one
Wine
;
yet
it
doth
not
dead
the
Motion
.
This
Separation
of
Water
and
Wine
appeareth
to
be
made
by
Weight
;
for
it
must
be
of
Bodies
of
vnequall
Weight
,
or
ells
it
worketh
not
;
And
the
Heauier
Body
must
euer
be
in
the
vpper
Glasse
.
But
then
note
withall
,
that
the
Water
being
made
pensile
,
and
ther
being
a
great
Weight
of
Water
in
the
Belly
of
the
Glasse
,
sustained
by
a
small
Pillar
of
Water
in
the
Neck
of
the
Glasse
;
It
is
that
,
which
sesteth
the
Motion
on
worke
:
For
Water
and
Wine
in
one
Glasse
,
with
long
standing
,
will
hardly
seuer
.
This
Experiment
would
be
Extended
from
Mixtures
of
seuerall
Liquors
,
to
Simple
Bodies
,
which
Consist
of
seuerall
Similare
Parts
:
Try
it
therfore
with
Broyne
or
Salt
water
,
and
Fresh
water
;
Placing
the
Salt
water
(
which
is
the
heauier
)
in
the
vpper
Glasse
;
And
see
whether
the
Fresh
will
come
aboue
.
Try
it
also
with
Water
thick
Sugred
,
and
Pure
water
;
and
see
whether
the
water
which
commeth
aboue
,
will
loose
his
Sweetnes
:
For
which
purpose
it
were
good
ther
were
a
little
Cock
made
in
the
Belly
of
the
vpper
Glasse
.
IN
Bodies
containing
Fine
Spirits
,
which
doe
easely
dissipate
,
when
you
make
Infusions
,
the
Rule
is
;
A
short
Stay
of
the
Body
in
the
Liquour
receyueth
the
Spiritt
;
And
a
longer
Stay
confoundeth
it
;
because
it
draweth
forth
the
Earthy
Part
withall
;
which
embaseth
the
finer
.
Experiments
in
Consort
touching
Iudicious
&
Accurate
Infusions
,
both
in
Liquors
,
and
Aire
.
And
therfore
it
is
an
Errour
in
Phisicians
,
to
rest
simply
vpon
the
Length
of
stay
,
for
encreasing
the
vertue
.
But
if
you
will
haue
the
Infusion
strong
,
in
those
kinde
of
Bodies
,
which
haue
fine
Spiritts
,
your
way
is
,
not
to
giue
Longer
time
,
but
to
repeat
the
Infusion
of
the
Body
oftner
.
Take
Violetts
,
and
infuse
a
good
Pugill
of
them
in
a
Quart
of
Vineger
;
Lett
them
stay
three
quarters
of
an
houre
,
and
take
them
forth
;
And
refresh
the
Infusion
with
like
quantity
of
new
Violetts
,
seuen
times
;
And
it
will
make
a
Vineger
so
fresh
of
the
Flower
,
as
if
a
Twelue-moneth
after
,
it
be
brought
you
in
a
Saucer
,
you
shall
smell
it
before
it
come
at
you
.
Note
,
that
it
smelleth
more
perfectly
of
the
Flower
,
a
good
while
after
,
then
at
first
.
This
Rule
,
which
wee
haue
giuen
,
is
of
singular
vse
,
for
the
Preparations
of
Medecines
,
and
other
Infusions
.
As
for
Example
;
the
Leafe
of
Burrage
hath
an
Excellent
Spiritt
,
to
represse
the
fuliginous
Vapour
of
Dusky
Melancholy
,
and
so
to
cure
Madnes
:
But
neuerthelesse
,
if
the
Leafe
be
infused
long
,
it
yieldeth
forth
but
a
raw
substance
,
of
no
Vertue
;
Therfore
I
suppose
,
that
if
in
the
Must
of
Wine
,
or
Wort
of
Beere
,
while
it
worketh
,
before
it
be
Tunned
,
the
Burrage
stay
a
small
time
,
and
be
often
changed
with
fresh
;
It
will
make
a
Soueraigne
Drink
for
Melancholy
Passions
.
And
the
like
I
conceyue
of
Orenge
Flowers
.
Rubarb
hath
manifestly
in
it
Parts
of
contrary
Operations
:
Parts
that
purge
;
And
parts
that
binde
the
body
:
And
the
first
lay
looser
,
and
the
latter
lay
deeper
:
So
that
if
you
infuse
Rubarb
for
an
houre
,
and
crush
it
well
,
it
will
purge
better
,
and
binde
the
Body
lesse
after
the
purging
,
then
if
it
stood
twenty
foure
houres
;
This
is
tried
:
But
I
conceiue
likewise
,
that
by
Repeating
the
Infusion
of
Rubarb
,
seuerall
times
,
(
as
was
said
of
Violetts
,
)
letting
each
stay
in
but
a
small
time
;
you
may
make
it
as
strong
a
Purging
Medecine
,
as
Scammony
.
And
it
is
not
a
small
thing
wonn
in
Phisick
,
if
you
can
make
Rubarb
,
and
other
Medecines
that
are
Benedict
,
as
strong
Purgers
,
as
those
that
are
not
without
some
Malignity
.
Purging
Medecines
,
for
the
most
part
,
haue
their
Purgatine
Vertue
,
in
a
fine
Spirit
;
As
appeareth
by
that
they
indure
not
boiling
,
without
much
losse
of
vertue
.
And
therfore
it
is
of
good
vse
in
Phisick
,
if
you
can
retaine
the
Purging
Vertue
,
and
take
away
the
Vnpleasant
tast
of
the
Purger
;
which
it
is
like
you
may
doe
,
by
this
Course
of
Infusing
oft
,
with
little
stay
.
For
it
is
probable
,
that
the
Horrible
and
Odious
Tast
,
is
in
the
Grosser
part
.
Generally
,
the
working
by
Infusions
,
is
grosse
and
blinde
,
except
you
first
try
the
Issuing
of
the
seuerall
Parts
of
the
Body
,
which
of
them
Issue
more
speedily
,
and
which
more
slowly
;
And
so
by
apportioning
the
time
,
can
take
and
leaue
that
Quality
,
which
you
desire
.
This
to
know
,
ther
be
two
waies
;
The
one
to
try
what
long
stay
,
and
what
short
stay
worketh
,
as
hath
been
said
:
The
other
to
try
in
Order
,
the
succeding
Infusions
,
of
one
and
the
same
Body
,
successiuely
,
in
seuerall
Liquors
.
As
for
example
;
Take
Orenge-Pills
,
or
Rose-Mary
,
or
Cinnamon
,
or
what
you
will
;
And
let
them
Infuse
halfe
an
houre
in
Water
:
Then
take
them
out
,
and
Infuse
them
againe
in
other
Water
;
And
so
the
third
time
:
And
then
tast
and
consider
the
First
water
,
the
Second
,
and
the
Third
:
And
you
will
find
them
differing
,
not
only
in
Strength
and
Weaknes
,
but
otherwise
in
Tast
,
or
Odour
;
For
it
may
bee
the
First
water
will
haue
more
of
the
Sent
,
as
more
Fragrant
;
And
the
Second
more
of
the
Tast
,
as
more
bitter
or
Biting
,
&c.
Infusions
in
Aire
,
(
for
so
we
may
well
call
Odours
)
haue
the
same
diuersities
with
Infusions
in
Water
;
In
that
the
seuerall
Odours
(
which
are
in
one
Flower
,
or
other
Body
)
issue
at
seuerall
times
;
Some
earlier
,
some
later
:
So
we
finde
that
Violetts
,
Woodbines
,
Strawberries
,
yield
a
pleasing
Sent
,
that
commeth
forth
first
;
But
soone
after
an
ill
Sent
,
quite
differing
from
the
Former
;
Which
is
caused
,
not
so
much
by
Mellowing
,
as
by
the
late
Issuing
of
the
Grosser
Spirit
.
As
we
may
desire
to
extract
the
finest
Spirits
in
some
Cases
;
So
we
may
desire
also
to
discharge
them
(
as
hurtfull
)
in
some
other
.
So
Wine
burnt
,
by
reason
of
the
Evaporating
of
the
finer
Spirit
,
enslameth
lesse
,
and
is
best
in
Agues
:
Opium
leeseth
some
of
his
poisonous
Quallity
,
if
it
be
vapoured
out
,
mingled
with
Spirit
of
Wine
,
or
the
like
:
Sean
leeseth
somewhat
of
his
windines
by
Decocting
;
And
(
generally
)
subtile
or
windy
Spirits
are
taken
off
by
Incension
,
or
Evaporation
.
And
euen
in
Infusions
in
things
that
are
of
too
high
a
Spirit
,
you
were
better
poure
off
the
first
Infusion
,
after
a
small
time
,
and
vse
the
latter
.
BVbbles
are
in
the
forme
of
a
Hemisphere
;
Aire
within
,
and
a
little
Skin
of
Water
without
:
And
it
seemeth
somewhat
strange
,
that
the
Aire
should
rise
so
swiftly
,
while
it
is
in
the
Water
;
And
when
it
commeth
to
the
topp
,
should
be
staid
by
so
weake
a
Couer
as
that
of
the
Bubble
is
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
the
Appetite
of
Continuation
in
liquids
.
But
as
for
the
swift
Ascent
of
the
Aire
,
while
is
vnder
the
Water
,
that
is
a
Motion
of
Percussion
from
the
Water
;
which
it selfe
descending
,
driueth
vpp
the
Aire
;
and
no
Motion
of
Leuity
in
the
Aire
.
And
this
Democritus
called
Motus
Plaga
.
In
this
Common
Experiment
,
the
Cause
of
the
Enclosure
of
the
Bubble
is
,
for
that
the
Appetite
to
resist
Separation
,
or
Discontinuance
,
(
which
in
solide
Bodies
is
strong
)
is
also
in
Liquours
,
though
fainter
and
weaker
;
As
wee
see
in
this
of
the
Bubble
:
we
see
it
also
in
little
Glasses
of
Spittle
that
children
make
of
Rushes
;
And
in
Castles
of
Bubbles
,
which
they
make
by
blowing
into
water
,
hauing
obtained
a
little
Degree
of
Tenacity
by
Mixture
of
Soape
:
Wee
see
it
also
in
the
Stillicides
of
water
,
which
if
ther
be
water
enough
to
follow
,
will
Drawe
themselues
into
a
small
thredd
,
because
they
will
not
discontinue
;
But
if
ther
be
no
Remedy
,
then
they
cast
themselues
into
round
Dropps
;
which
is
the
Figure
,
that
saueth
the
Body
most
from
Discontinuance
:
The
same
Reason
is
of
the
Roundnes
of
the
Bubble
,
as
well
for
the
Skin
of
water
,
as
for
the
Aire
within
:
For
the
Aire
likewise
auoideth
Discontinuance
;
And
therfore
casteth
it self
into
a
Round
Figure
.
And
for
the
stopp
and
Arrest
of
the
Aire
a
little
while
,
it
sheweth
that
the
Aire
of
it selfe
hath
little
,
or
no
Appetite
,
of
Ascending
.
THE
Reiection
,
which
I
continually
vse
,
of
Experiments
,
(
though
it
appeareth
not
)
is
infinit
;
But
yet
if
an
Experiment
be
probable
in
the
Worke
,
and
of
great
Vse
,
I
receyue
it
,
but
deliuer
it
as
doubtfull
.
It
was
reported
by
a
Sober
Man
,
that
an
Artificiall
Spring
Experiment
Solitary
touching
the
Making
of
Artificiall
Springs
.
may
be
made
thus
:
Finde
out
a
hanging
Ground
,
wher
ther
is
a
good
quick
Fall
of
Raine-water
.
Lay
a
Half-Trough
of
Stone
,
of
a
good
length
,
3.
or
4.
foote
deep
within
the
same
Ground
;
with
one
end
vpon
the
high
Ground
,
the
other
vpon
the
lowe
.
Couer
the
Trough
with
Brakes
a
good
thicknes
,
and
cast
Sand
vpon
the
Topp
of
the
Brakes
:
You
shall
see
,
(
saith
he
)
that
after
some
showers
are
past
,
the
lower
End
of
the
Trough
will
runn
like
a
Spring
of
water
:
which
is
no
maruaile
,
if
it
hold
,
while
the
Raine-water
lasteth
;
But
he
said
it
would
continue
long
time
after
the
Raine
is
past
:
As
if
the
water
did
multiply
it self
vpon
the
Aire
,
by
the
helpe
of
the
Coldnesse
and
Condensation
of
the
Earth
,
and
the
Consort
of
the
first
Water
.
THE
French
,
(
which
put
off
the
Name
of
the
French
Disease
;
vnto
the
Name
of
the
Disease
of
Naples
,
)
doe
report
,
that
at
the
Siege
of
Naples
,
ther
were
certaine
wicked
Merchants
,
that
Barrelled
vpp
Mans
flesh
,
Experiment
Solitary
touching
the
Venemous
Quality
of
Mans
Flesh.
(
of
some
that
had
been
,
lately
slaine
in
Barbary
)
and
sold
it
for
Tunny
;
And
that
vpon
that
foule
and
high
Nourishment
,
was
the
Originall
of
that
Disease
.
Which
may
well
be
;
For
that
it
is
certaine
,
that
the
Caniballs
in
the
West
Indies
,
eate
Mans
flesh
;
And
the
West
Indies
were
full
of
the
Pockes
when
they
were
first
discouered
:
And
at
this
day
the
Mortallest
poisons
,
practised
by
the
West
Indians
,
haue
some
Mixture
of
the
Bloud
,
or
Fatt
,
or
Flesh
of
Man
:
And
diuers
Witches
,
and
Sorceresles
,
aswell
amongst
the
Heathen
,
as
amongst
the
Christians
,
haue
fedd
vpon
Mans
flesh
,
to
aid
(
as
it
seemeth
)
their
Imagination
,
with
High
and
foule
Vapours
.
IT
seemeth
that
ther
be
these
waies
(
in
likelihood
)
of
Version
of
Vapours
,
or
Aire
,
into
Water
and
Moisture
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
the
Version
and
Transmutation
of
Aire
into
Water
.
The
first
is
Cold
;
which
doth
manifestly
Condense
;
As
wee
see
in
the
Contracting
of
the
Aire
in
the
Weather-Glasse
;
whereby
it
is
a
Degree
nearer
to
water
.
Wee
see
it
also
in
the
Generation
of
Springs
,
which
the
Ancients
thought
(
very
probably
)
to
be
made
by
the
Version
of
Aire
into
water
,
holpen
by
the
Rest
,
which
the
Aire
hath
in
those
Parts
;
wherby
it
cannot
dissipate
.
And
by
the
Coldnes
of
Rockes
;
for
ther
Springs
are
chiefly
generated
.
Wee
see
it
also
in
the
Effects
of
the
Cold
of
the
Middle
Region
(
as
they
call
it
)
of
the
Aire
;
which
produceth
Dews
,
and
Raines
.
And
the
Experiment
of
Turning
water
into
Ice
,
by
Snow
,
Nitre
,
and
Salt
,
(
wherof
wee
shall
speake
hereafter
,
)
would
be
transferred
to
the
Turning
of
Aire
into
Water
.
The
Second
way
is
by
Compression
;
As
in
Stillatories
,
wher
the
Vapour
is
turned
back
,
vpon
it self
,
by
the
Encounter
of
the
Sides
of
the
Stillatory
;
And
in
the
Dew
vpon
the
Couers
of
Boyling
Potts
;
And
in
the
Dew
towards
Raine
,
vpon
Marble
,
and
Wainscott
.
But
this
is
like
to
doe
no
great
effect
;
Except
it
be
vpon
Vapours
,
and
grosse
Aire
,
that
are
allready
very
neare
in
Degree
to
Water
.
The
Third
is
that
,
which
may
be
searched
into
,
but
doth
not
yet
appeare
;
which
is
,
by
Mingling
of
moist
Vapours
with
Aire
;
And
trying
if
they
will
not
bring
a
Returne
of
more
Water
,
then
the
water
was
at
first
:
For
if
so
;
That
Increase
is
a
version
of
the
Aire
:
Therfore
putt
water
into
the
Bottome
of
a
Stillatory
,
with
the
Nebb
stopped
;
Weigh
the
Water
first
;
Hang
in
the
Middle
of
the
Stillatory
a
large
Spunge
;
And
see
what
Quantitie
of
Water
you
can
crush
out
of
it
;
And
what
it
is
more
,
or
lesse
,
compared
with
the
water
spent
;
For
you
must
vnderstand
,
that
if
any
Version
can
be
wrought
,
it
will
be
easeliest
done
in
small
Pores
:
And
that
is
the
Reason
why
wee
prescribe
a
Spunge
.
The
Fourth
way
is
Probable
also
,
though
not
Appearing
;
Which
is
,
by
Receiuing
the
Aire
into
the
small
Pores
of
Bodies
;
For
(
as
hath
been
said
)
euery
thing
in
small
Quantity
is
more
easy
for
version
;
And
Tangible
Bodies
haue
no
pleasure
in
the
Consort
of
Aire
,
but
endeauour
to
subact
it
into
a
more
Dense
Body
:
But
in
Entire
Bodies
it
is
checked
;
because
if
the
Aire
should
Condense
,
ther
is
nothing
to
succeed
:
Therfore
it
must
be
in
loose
Bodies
,
as
Sand
,
and
Powder
;
which
wee
see
,
if
they
lye
close
,
of
themselues
gather
Moisture
.
IT
is
reported
by
some
of
the
Ancients
;
That
Whelps
,
or
other
Creatures
,
if
they
be
put
Young
,
into
such
a
Cage
,
or
Boxe
,
as
they
cannot
rise
to
their
Stature
,
but
may
encrease
in
Breadth
,
or
length
;
will
growe
accordingly
,
as
they
can
gett
Roome
:
which
if
it
be
true
,
and
faisible
,
and
that
the
young
Creature
so
pressed
,
and
straightened
,
doth
not
therupon
die
;
It
is
a
Meanes
to
produce
Dwarfe
Creatures
,
and
in
a
very
Strange
Figure
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
Helpes
towards
the
Beauty
and
good
Features
of
Persons
.
This
is
certaine
,
and
noted
long
since
;
That
the
Pressure
or
Forming
of
Parts
of
Creatures
,
when
they
are
very
young
,
doth
alter
the
Shape
not
a
little
;
As
the
Stroaking
of
the
Heads
of
Infants
,
between
the
Hands
,
was
noted
of
Old
,
to
make
Macrocephali
;
which
shape
of
the
Head
,
at
that
time
,
was
esteemed
.
And
the
Raising
gently
of
the
Bridge
of
the
Nose
,
doth
preuent
the
Deformity
of
a
Saddle
Nose
.
Which
obseruation
well
weighed
,
may
teach
a
Meanes
,
to
make
the
Persons
of
Men
,
and
Women
,
in
many
kindes
,
more
comely
,
and
better
featured
,
then
otherwise
they
would
be
;
By
the
Forming
and
Shaping
of
them
in
their
Infancy
:
As
by
Stroaking
vp
the
Calues
of
the
Leggs
,
to
keepe
them
from
falling
downe
too
lowe
;
And
by
Stroaking
vp
the
Forehead
to
keepe
them
from
being
lowforeheaded
.
And
it
is
a
common
Practise
to
swath
Infants
,
that
they
may
growe
more
straight
,
and
better
shaped
:
And
wee
see
Young
Women
,
by
wearing
straight
Bodies
,
keepe
themselues
from
being
Grosse
,
and
Corpulent
.
ONions
,
as
they
hang
,
will
many
of
them
shoot
forth
;
And
so
will
Penniroiall
;
And
so
will
an
Herb
called
Orpin
;
with
which
they
vse
,
in
the
Country
,
to
trimme
their
Houses
,
binding
it
to
a
Lath
,
or
Stick
,
and
setting
it
against
a
wall
.
Experiments
Solitary
touching
the
Condensing
of
Aire
,
in
such
sort
as
it
may
put
on
Weight
,
and
yield
Nourishment
.
We
see
it
like
wise
,
more
especially
,
in
the
greater
Semper-vine
,
which
will
put
out
Branches
,
two
or
three
yeares
:
But
it
is
true
,
that
commonly
they
wrapp
the
Root
in
a
Cloth
besmeared
with
Oyle
,
and
renue
it
once
in
halfe
a
Yeare
.
The
like
is
reported
by
some
of
the
Ancients
,
of
the
Stalks
of
Lillies
.
The
Cause
is
;
For
that
these
Plants
haue
a
Strong
,
Dense
,
and
Succulent
Moisture
,
which
is
not
apt
to
exhale
;
And
so
is
able
,
from
the
old
store
,
without
drawing
helpe
from
the
Earth
,
to
suffice
the
sprouting
of
the
Plant
:
And
this
Sprouting
is
chiefly
in
the
late
Spring
,
or
early
Sommer
;
which
are
the
Times
of
Putting
forth
.
We
see
also
,
that
Stumps
of
Trtes
,
lying
out
of
the
ground
,
will
put
forth
Sprouts
for
a
Time
.
But
it
is
a
Noble
Triall
,
and
of
very
great
Consequence
,
to
try
whether
these
things
,
in
the
Sprouting
,
doe
increase
Weight
;
which
must
be
tried
,
by
weighing
them
before
they
be
hangd
vp
;
And
afterwards
againe
,
when
they
are
sprouted
.
For
if
they
encrease
not
in
Weight
;
Then
it
is
no
more
but
this
;
That
what
they
send
forth
in
the
Sprout
,
they
leese
in
some
other
Part
:
But
if
they
gather
Weight
,
then
it
is
Magnale
Naturae
;
For
it
sheweth
that
Aire
may
be
made
so
to
be
Condensed
,
as
to
be
conuerted
into
a
Dense
Body
;
wheras
the
Race
and
Period
of
all
things
,
here
aboue
the
Earth
,
is
to
extenuate
and
turne
things
to
be
more
Penumaticall
,
and
Rare
;
And
not
to
be
Retrograde
,
from
Pneumaticall
to
that
which
is
Dense
.
It
sheweth
also
,
that
Aire
can
Nourish
;
which
is
another
great
Matter
of
Consequence
.
Note
,
that
to
try
this
,
the
Experiment
of
the
Semper-viue
must
be
made
without
Oiling
the
Cloth
;
For
els
,
it
may
be
,
the
Plant
receiueth
Nourishment
from
the
Oile
.
FLame
and
Aire
doe
not
Mingle
,
except
it
be
in
an
Instant
;
Or
in
the
vitall
Spiritts
of
vegetables
,
and
liuing
Creatures
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
the
Commixture
of
Flame
and
Aire
,
and
the
great
Force
therof
.
In
Gunpowder
,
the
Force
of
it
hath
been
ascribed
,
to
Rarefaction
of
the
Earthy
Substance
into
Flame
;
And
thus
farr
it
is
true
:
And
then
(
forfooth
)
it
is
become
another
Element
;
the
Forme
wherof
occupieth
more
place
;
And
so
,
of
Necessity
,
followeth
a
Dilatation
:
And
therfore
,
lest
two
Bodies
should
be
in
one
place
,
ther
must
needes
also
follow
an
Expulsion
of
the
pellet
;
Or
Blowing
vp
of
the
Mine
.
But
these
are
Crude
and
Ignorant
Speculations
.
For
Flame
,
if
ther
were
nothing
els
,
except
it
were
in
very
great
quantity
,
will
be
suffocate
with
any
hard
Body
,
such
as
a
Pellet
is
,
Or
the
Barrell
of
a
Gunn
;
So
as
the
Flame
would
not
expell
the
hard
Body
;
But
the
hard
Body
would
kill
the
Flame
,
and
not
suffer
it
to
kindle
,
or
spread
.
But
the
Cause
of
this
so
potent
a
Motion
,
is
the
Nitre
,
(
which
wee
call
otherwise
Salt-Petre
;
)
which
hauing
in
it
anotable
Crude
and
windy
Spirit
,
first
by
the
Heate
of
the
Fire
suddainly
dilateth
it self
;
(
And
wee
knowe
that
simple
Aire
,
being
preternaturally
attenuated
by
Heate
,
will
make
it self
Roome
,
and
breake
and
blowe
vp
that
which
resisteth
it
;
)
And
Secondly
,
when
the
Nitre
hath
Dilated
it self
,
it
bloweth
abroad
the
Flame
,
as
an
Inward
Bellowes
.
And
therfore
wee
see
that
Brimstone
,
Pitch
,
Camphire
,
Wilde-Fire
,
and
diuers
other
Inflammable
Matters
,
though
they
burne
cruelly
,
and
are
hard
to
quench
;
Yet
they
make
no
such
fiery
winde
,
as
Gunpowder
doth
:
And
on
the
other
side
,
wee
see
that
Quick
Siluer
,
(
which
is
a
most
Crude
and
Watry
Body
)
heated
,
and
pent
in
,
hath
the
like
force
with
Gunpowder
.
As
for
liuing
Creatures
,
it
is
certaine
,
their
Vitall
Spiritts
are
a
Substance
Compounded
of
an
Airy
and
Flamy
Matter
;
And
though
Aire
and
Flame
being
free
,
will
not
well
mingle
;
yet
bound
in
by
a
Body
that
hath
some
fixing
,
they
will
.
For
that
you
may
best
see
in
those
two
Bodies
,
(
which
are
their
Aliments
,
)
water
,
and
Oyle
;
For
they
likewise
will
not
well
mingle
of
themselues
,
but
in
the
Bodies
of
Plants
,
and
liuing
Creatures
,
they
will
.
It
is
no
maruaile
therfore
,
that
a
small
Quantity
of
Spiritts
,
in
the
Cells
of
the
Braine
,
and
Canales
of
the
Sinewes
,
are
able
to
moue
the
whole
Body
,
(
which
is
of
so
great
Masse
,
)
both
with
so
great
Force
,
as
in
Wrestling
,
Leaping
;
And
with
so
great
Swiftnes
,
As
in
playing
Diuision
vpon
the
Lute
.
Such
is
the
force
of
these
two
Natures
,
Aire
and
Flame
,
when
they
incorporate
.
TAke
a
small
waxe
Candle
,
and
putt
it
in
a
Socket
,
of
Brasse
,
or
Iron
;
Then
sett
it
vpright
in
a
Porringer
full
of
Spirits
of
Wine
,
heated
:
Then
sett
both
the
Candle
,
and
Spiritt
of
Wine
,
on
fire
,
and
you
shall
see
the
Flame
of
the
Candle
,
open
it self
,
and
become
4.
or
5.
times
bigger
then
otherwise
it
would
haue
been
;
and
appeare
in
Figure
Globular
and
not
in
Piramis
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
the
Secret
Nature
of
Flame
.
You
shall
see
also
,
that
the
Inward
Flame
of
the
Candle
keepeth
Colour
,
and
doth
not
waxe
any
whitt
blewe
towardes
the
Colour
of
the
Outward
flame
of
the
Spiritt
of
Wine
.
This
is
a
Noble
Instance
;
where
in
two
things
are
most
remarkable
;
The
one
;
that
one
Flame
within
another
quencheth
not
;
but
is
a
fixed
Body
,
and
continueth
as
Aire
,
or
Water
doe
.
And
therefore
Flame
would
still
ascend
vpwards
in
one
greatnesse
,
if
it
were
not
quenched
on
the
Sides
:
And
the
greater
the
Flame
is
at
the
Bottome
,
the
higher
is
the
Rise
.
The
other
,
that
Flame
doth
not
mingle
with
Flame
,
as
Aire
doth
with
Aire
,
or
Water
with
Water
,
but
only
remaineth
contiguous
;
As
it
commeth
to
passe
betwixt
Consisting
Bodies
.
It
appeareth
also
,
that
the
forme
of
a
Piramis
in
Flame
,
which
we
vsually
see
,
is
meerely
by
Accident
,
and
that
the
Aire
about
,
by
quenching
the
Sides
of
the
Flame
,
crusheth
it
,
and
extenuateth
it
into
that
Forme
;
For
of
it selfe
it
would
be
Round
:
And
therefore
Smoake
is
in
the
Figure
of
a
Piramis
Reuersed
;
For
the
Aire
quencheth
the
Flame
,
and
receiueth
the
Smoake
.
Note
also
,
that
the
Flame
of
the
Condle
,
within
the
Flame
of
the
Spirit
of
Wine
,
is
troubled
;
And
doth
not
onely
open
and
moue
vpwards
,
but
moueth
wauing
,
and
to
and
fro
:
As
if
Flame
of
his
owne
Nature
(
if
it
were
not
quenched
,
)
would
rowle
and
turne
,
as
well
as
moue
vpwards
.
By
all
which
,
it
should
seeme
,
that
the
Caelestiall
Bodies
,
(
most
of
them
,
)
are
true
Fires
or
Flames
,
as
the
Stoicks
held
;
More
fine
(
perhaps
)
and
Rarified
,
than
our
Flame
is
.
For
they
are
all
Globular
,
and
Determinate
,
;
They
haue
Rotation
;
And
they
haue
the
Colour
and
Splendour
of
Flame
:
So
that
Flame
aboue
is
Durable
,
and
Consistent
,
and
in
his
Naturall
place
;
But
with
vs
,
it
is
a
Stranger
,
and
Momentany
,
and
Impure
;
Like
Vulcan
that
haked
with
his
Fall
.
Take
an
Arrow
,
and
hold
it
in
Flame
,
for
the
space
of
ten
pulses
;
And
when
it
commeth
forth
,
you
shall
finde
those
Parts
of
the
Arrow
,
which
were
on
the
Outsides
of
the
Flame
,
more
burned
,
blacked
,
and
turned
almost
into
a
Coale
;
whereas
that
in
the
Middest
of
the
Flame
,
will
be
,
as
if
the
Fire
had
scarce
touched
it
.
Experiment
Solitory
touching
the
Different
force
of
Flame
in
the
Middest
and
on
the
Sides
.
This
is
an
Instance
of
great
consequence
for
the
discouery
of
the
Nature
of
Flame
;
And
sheweth
manifestly
,
that
Flame
burneth
more
violently
towards
the
Sides
,
than
in
the
Middest
:
And
,
which
is
more
,
that
Heat
or
Fire
is
not
violent
or
furious
,
but
where
it
is
checked
,
and
pont.
And
therfore
the
Peripatetickes
(
howsoeuer
their
opinion
of
an
Element
of
Fire
aboue
the
Aire
is
iustly
exploded
;
)
in
that
Point
they
acquit
themselues
well
:
For
being
opposed
,
that
if
there
were
a
Spbeare
of
Fire
,
that
incompassed
the
Earth
so
neare
hand
,
it
were
impossible
but
all
things
should
be
burnt
vp
;
They
answer
,
that
the
pure
Elementall
Fire
,
in
his
owne
place
,
and
not
irritate
,
is
but
of
a
Moderate
Heat
.
It
is
affirmed
constantly
by
many
,
as
an
vsuall
Experiment
;
That
a
Lampe
of
Vre
,
in
the
Bottome
of
a
Mine
,
will
be
tumbled
,
and
stirred
,
by
two
Mens
strength
;
which
if
you
bring
it
to
the
Topp
of
the
Earth
,
will
aske
Six
Mens
strength
at
the
least
to
stirre
it
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
the
Decrease
of
the
Naturall
motion
of
Grauity
in
great
distance
from
the
Earth
;
or
within
some
depth
of
the
Earth
.
It
is
a
Noble
Instance
,
and
is
fit
to
be
tried
to
the
full
:
For
it
is
very
probable
,
that
the
Motion
of
Grauitie
worketh
weakly
,
both
farre
from
the
Earth
,
and
also
within
the
Earth
:
The
former
,
because
the
Appetite
of
Vnion
of
Dense
Bodies
with
the
Earth
,
in
respect
of
the
distance
,
is
more
dull
;
The
latter
,
because
the
Body
hath
in
part
attained
his
Nature
,
when
it
is
some
Depth
in
the
Earth
.
For
as
for
the
Mouing
to
a
Point
or
Place
(
which
was
the
Opinion
of
the
Ancients
)
it
is
a
meere
Vanity
.
It
is
strange
,
how
the
Ancients
tooke
vp
Experiments
vpon
credit
,
and
yet
did
build
great
Matters
vpon
them
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
the
Contraction
of
Bodies
in
Bulke
,
by
the
Mixture
of
the
more
Liquid
Body
with
the
more
Solid
.
The
Obseruation
of
some
of
the
best
of
them
,
deliuered
confidently
,
is
That
a
Vessell
filled
with
Ashes
,
will
receiue
the
like
quantity
of
Water
,
that
it
would
haue
done
,
if
it
had
been
empty
.
But
this
is
vtterly
vntrue
;
for
the
Water
will
not
goe
in
by
a
Fifth
part
.
And
I
suppose
,
that
that
Fifth
part
is
the
difference
of
the
lying
close
,
or
open
,
of
the
Ashes
;
As
we
see
that
Ashes
alone
,
if
they
be
hard
pressed
,
will
lye
in
lesse
roome
:
And
so
the
Ashes
with
Aire
betweene
,
lye
looser
;
and
with
Water
,
closer
.
For
I
haue
not
yet
found
certainly
,
that
the
Water
,
it selfe
,
by
mixture
of
Ashes
,
or
Dust
,
will
shrinke
or
draw
into
lesse
Roome
.
It
is
reported
of
credit
,
that
if
you
lay
good
store
of
Kernells
of
Grapes
,
about
the
Root
of
a
Vine
;
it
will
make
the
Vine
come
earlier
,
and
prosper
better
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
the
Making
Vines
more
fruitfull
.
It
may
be
tried
with
other
Kernells
,
laid
about
the
Root
of
a
Plant
of
the
same
kinde
;
As
Figgs
,
Kernells
of
Apples
,
&c.
The
Cause
may
be
,
for
that
the
Kernells
draw
out
of
the
Earth
Iuice
fit
to
nourish
the
Tree
,
as
those
that
would
be
Trees
of
themselues
,
though
there
were
no
Root
;
But
the
Root
being
of
greater
strength
,
robbeth
and
deuoureth
the
Nourishment
,
when
they
haue
drawne
it
:
As
great
Fishes
deuoure
little
.
The
Operation
of
Purging
Medicines
,
and
the
Causes
thereof
,
haue
béene
thought
to
be
a
great
Secret
;
And
so
according
to
the
slothfull
manner
of
Men
,
it
is
referred
to
a
Hidden
Propriety
,
a
Specificall
vertue
,
and
a
Fourth
Qualitie
,
and
the
like
Shifts
of
Ignorance
.
Experiments
in
Consort
touching
Purging
Medicines
.
The
Causes
of
Purging
are
diuers
;
All
plaine
and
perspicuous
;
And
throughly
maintained
by
Experience
.
The
first
is
,
That
whatsoeuer
cannot
be
ouercome
and
disgested
by
the
Stomacke
,
is
by
the
Stomacke
,
either
put
vp
by
Vomit
,
or
put
downe
to
the
Guts
;
And
by
that
Motion
of
Expulsion
in
the
Stomacke
,
and
Guts
,
other
Parts
of
the
Body
,
(
as
the
Orifices
of
the
Veines
,
and
the
like
)
are
moued
to
expell
by
Consent
.
For
nothing
is
more
frequent
than
Motion
of
Consent
in
the
Body
of
Man
.
This
Surcharge
of
the
Stomacke
,
is
caused
either
by
the
Qualitie
of
the
Medicine
,
or
by
the
Quantitie
.
The
Qualities
are
three
:
Extreme
Bitter
,
as
in
Aloes
,
Coloquintida
,
&c.
Loathsome
and
of
horrible
taste
;
As
in
Agarick
,
Black
Hellebore
,
&c.
And
of
secret
Malignity
,
and
disagreement
towards
Mans
Bodie
,
many
times
not
appearing
much
in
the
Taste
;
As
in
Scammony
,
Mechoacham
,
Antimony
,
&c.
And
note
well
,
that
if
there
be
any
Medicine
,
that
Purgeth
,
and
hath
neither
of
the
first
two
Manifest
Qualities
;
it
is
to
be
held
suspected
,
as
a
kinde
of
Poysons
;
For
that
it
worketh
either
by
Corrosion
;
or
by
a
secret
Malignitie
and
Enmitie
to
Nature
:
And
therfore
such
Medicines
are
warily
to
be
prepared
,
and
vsed
.
The
Quantitie
of
that
which
is
taken
,
doth
also
cause
Parging
;
As
we
see
in
a
great
Quantitie
of
New
Milke
from
the
Cow
;
yea
and
a
great
Quantitie
of
Meat
;
For
Surfets
many
times
turne
to
Purges
,
both
vpwards
,
and
downwards
.
Therefore
we
see
generally
,
that
the
working
of
Purging
Medicines
,
commeth
two
or
three
houres
after
the
Medicines
taken
;
For
that
the
Stomacke
first
maketh
a
proofe
,
whether
it
can
concoct
them
.
And
the
like
happeneth
after
Surfets
;
or
Milke
in
too
great
Quantitie
.
A
second
Cause
is
Mordication
of
the
Orifices
of
the
Parts
;
Especially
of
the
Mesentery
veines
;
As
it
is
seene
,
that
Salt
,
or
any
such
thing
that
is
sharpe
and
biting
,
put
into
the
Fundament
,
doth
prouoke
the
Part
to
expell
;
And
Mustard
prouoketh
Sneezing
:
And
any
Sharpe
Thing
to
the
Eyes
,
prouoketh
Teares
.
And
therfore
we
see
that
almost
all
Purgers
haue
a
kinde
of
Twiching
and
vellication
,
besides
the
Griping
which
commeth
of
wind
.
And
if
this
Mordication
be
in
an
ouer-high
Degree
,
it
is
little
better
than
the
Corrosion
of
Poyson
;
And
it
commeth
to
passe
sometimes
in
Antimony
;
Especially
if
it
be
giuen
,
to
Bodies
not
repleat
with
Humors
;
For
where
Humors
abound
,
the
Humors
saue
the
Parts
.
The
third
Cause
is
Attraction
:
For
I
doe
not
deny
,
but
that
Purging
Medicines
haue
in
them
a
direct
Force
of
Attraction
;
As
Drawing
Plasters
haue
in
Surgery
:
And
we
see
Sage
,
or
Bettony
brused
,
Sneezing-powder
,
and
other
Powders
or
Liquors
(
which
the
Physitians
call
Errhines
,
)
put
into
the
Nose
,
draw
Flegme
,
and
water
from
the
Head
;
And
so
it
is
in
Apophlegmatismes
,
and
Gargarismes
,
that
draw
the
Rheume
downe
by
the
Pallate
.
And
by
this
Vertue
,
no
doubt
,
some
Purgers
draw
more
one
Humour
,
and
some
another
,
according
to
the
Opinion
receiued
:
As
Rubarb
draweth
Choller
;
Sean
Melancholy
;
Agarick
Flegme
;
&c.
But
yet
,
(
more
or
lesse
)
they
draw
promiscuously
.
And
note
also
,
that
besides
Sympathy
,
between
the
Purger
and
the
Humour
,
there
is
also
another
Cause
,
why
some
Medicines
draw
some
Humour
more
than
another
.
And
it
is
,
for
that
some
Medicines
work
quicker
than
others
:
And
they
that
draw
quick
,
draw
only
the
Lighter
,
&
more
fluide
Humours
;
they
that
draw
flow
,
worke
vpon
the
more
Tough
,
and
Viscous
Humours
.
And
therfore
Men
must
beware
,
how
they
take
Rubarb
,
and
the
like
,
alone
,
familiarly
;
For
it
taketh
only
the
Lightest
part
of
the
Humour
away
,
and
leaueth
the
Masse
of
Humours
more
obstinate
.
And
the
like
may
be
said
of
Worme-wood
,
which
is
so
much
magnified
.
The
fourth
Cause
is
Flatnosity
;
For
Wind
stirred
moueth
to
expell
:
And
we
finde
that
(
in
effect
)
all
Purgers
haue
in
them
a
raw
Spirit
,
or
Wind
;
which
is
the
Principall
Cause
of
Tortion
in
the
Stomach
,
and
Belly
.
And
therfore
Purgers
leese
(
most
of
them
)
the
vertue
,
by
Decoction
vpon
the
Fire
;
And
for
that
Cause
are
gluen
chiefly
in
Infusion
,
Iuyce
,
or
Powder
.
The
fifth
Cause
is
Compression
,
or
Crushing
:
As
when
Water
is
Crushed
out
of
a
Spunge
:
So
we
see
that
Taking
Cold
moueth
Loosenesse
by
Contraction
of
the
Skinn
,
and
outward
Parts
;
And
so
doth
Cold
likewise
cause
Rheumes
,
and
Defluxions
from
the
Head
;
And
some
Astringent
Plasters
crush
out
purulent
Matter
.
This
kind
of
Operation
is
not
found
in
many
Medicines
:
Mirabalanes
haue
it
;
And
it
may
be
the
Barkes
of
Peaches
;
For
this
Vertue
requireth
an
Astriction
;
but
such
an
Astriction
,
as
is
not
gratefull
to
the
Body
;
(
For
a
pleasing
Astriction
doth
rather
Binde
in
the
Humours
,
than
Expell
them
:
)
And
therfore
such
Astriction
is
found
in
Things
of
an
Harrish
Taste
.
The
Sixth
Cause
is
Lubrefaction
,
and
Relaxation
.
As
we
see
in
Medicines
Emollient
;
Such
as
are
Milke
,
Honey
,
Mallowes
,
Lettuce
,
Mercuriall
,
Pelletory
of
the
Wall
,
and
others
.
There
is
also
a
secret
Vertue
of
Relaxation
in
Cold
:
For
the
Heat
of
the
Body
bindeth
the
Parts
and
Humours
together
,
which
Cold
relaxeth
:
As
it
is
seene
in
Vrine
,
Bloud
,
Pottage
,
or
the
like
;
which
,
if
they
be
Cold
,
breake
,
and
dissolue
.
And
by
this
kinde
of
Relaxation
,
Feare
looseneth
the
Belly
;
because
the
Heat
retiring
inwards
towards
the
Heart
,
the
Gutts
and
other
Parts
are
relaxed
;
In
the
same
manner
,
as
Feare
also
causeth
Trembling
in
the
Sinewes
.
And
of
this
Kinde
of
Purgers
are
some
Medicines
made
of
Mercury
.
The
Seuenth
Cause
is
Abstersion
;
which
is
plainly
a
Scouring
off
,
or
Incision
of
the
more
viscous
Humors
,
and
making
the
Humors
more
fluide
;
And
Cutting
betweene
them
,
and
the
Part.
As
is
found
in
Nitrous
Water
,
which
scoureth
Linnen
Cloth
(
speedily
)
from
the
Foulenesse
.
But
this
Incision
must
be
by
a
Sharpnesse
,
without
Astriction
:
Which
wee
finde
in
Salt
,
Worm-wood
,
Oxymel
,
and
the
like
.
There
be
Medicines
,
that
moue
Stooles
,
and
not
Vrine
;
Some
other
,
Vrine
,
and
not
Stooles
,
Those
that
Purge
by
Stoole
are
such
as
enter
not
at
all
,
or
little
into
the
Mesentery
Veines
;
But
either
at
the
first
are
not
digestible
by
the
Stomach
,
and
therefore
moue
immediatly
downwards
to
the
Gutts
;
Or
else
are
afterwards
reiected
by
the
Mesentery
Veines
,
and
so
turne
likewise
downwards
to
the
Gutts
;
and
of
these
two
kindes
are
most
Purgers
.
But
those
that
moue
Vrine
,
are
such
,
as
are
well
digested
of
the
Stomach
,
and
well
receiued
also
of
the
Mesenfery
Veines
;
So
they
come
as
farre
as
the
Liuer
,
which
sendeth
Vrine
to
the
Bladder
,
as
the
Whey
of
Bloud
:
And
those
Medicines
being
Opening
and
Piercing
,
doe
fortifie
the
Operation
of
the
Liuer
,
in
sending
downe
the
wheyey
Part
of
the
Bloud
to
the
Reines
.
For
Medicines
Vrinatiue
doe
not
worke
by
Reiection
,
and
Indigestion
,
as
Solutiue
doe
.
There
be
diuers
Medicines
,
which
in
greater
Quantity
,
moue
Stock
,
and
in
smaller
,
Vrine
:
And
so
contrariwise
,
some
that
in
greater
Quantity
,
moue
Vrine
,
and
in
Smaller
,
Stoole
.
Of
the
former
sort
is
Rubarb
,
and
some
others
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
Rubarb
is
a
Medicine
,
which
the
Stomach
in
a
small
Quantity
doth
digest
,
and
ouercome
,
(
being
not
Flatuous
,
nor
Loathsome
;
)
and
so
sendeth
it
to
the
Mesentery
Veines
;
And
so
being
opening
,
it
helpeth
downe
Vrine
:
But
in
a
greater
Quantitie
,
the
Stomach
cannot
ouercome
it
,
and
so
it
goeth
to
the
Gutts
.
Pepper
by
some
of
the
Ancients
is
noted
to
be
of
the
second
sort
;
which
being
in
small
Quantity
,
moueth
wind
in
the
Stomach
and
Gutts
,
and
so
expelleth
by
Stoole
;
But
being
in
greater
Quantity
,
dissipateth
the
Wind
;
And
it selfe
gotteth
to
the
Mesentery
veines
;
And
so
to
the
Liuer
,
and
Reines
;
where
,
by
Heating
and
Opening
,
it
sendeth
downe
Vrine
more
plentifully
.
Wee
haue
spoken
of
Euacuating
of
the
Body
;
wee
will
now
speake
something
of
the
Filling
of
it
by
Restoratines
in
Consumptions
,
and
Emaciating
Diseases
.
Experiments
in
Consort
touching
Meats
and
Drinks
that
are
most
Nourishing
.
In
Vegetables
,
there
is
one
Part
that
is
more
Nourishing
than
another
;
As
Graines
,
and
Roots
nourish
more
,
than
the
Leaues
;
In
so
much
as
the
Order
of
the
Foliatanes
was
put
downe
by
the
Pope
,
as
finding
Leaues
vnable
to
Nourish
Mans
Body
.
Whether
there
be
that
difference
in
the
Flesh
of
Liuing
Creatures
,
is
not
well
inquired
:
As
whether
Liuers
,
and
other
Entrails
,
be
not
more
Nourishing
,
than
the
Outward
Flesh.
We
find
that
amongst
the
Romans
,
a
Gooses
Liuer
was
a
great
Delicacy
;
In
so
much
as
they
had
Artificiall
Meanes
to
make
it
faire
,
and
great
;
But
whether
it
were
more
Nourishing
,
appeareth
not
.
It
is
certaine
,
that
Marrow
is
more
Nourishing
than
Fat.
And
I
conceiue
that
some
Decoction
of
Bones
,
and
Sinewes
,
stamped
,
and
well
strained
,
would
bee
a
very
Nourishing
Broth
:
Wee
finde
also
that
Scotch
Skinck
,
(
which
is
a
Pottage
of
strong
Nourishment
,
)
is
made
with
the
Knees
,
and
Sinewes
of
B●est
,
but
long
boiled
:
letty
also
,
which
they
vse
for
a
Restoratiue
,
is
chiefly
made
of
K●uckles
of
Veale
.
The
Pulp
that
is
within
the
Crafish
or
Crabb
,
which
they
spice
and
butter
,
is
more
Nourishing
than
the
Flesh
of
the
Crabb
or
Crafish
.
The
Yolkes
of
Egges
are
clearely
more
Nourishing
than
the
Whites
.
So
that
it
should
seeme
,
that
the
Parts
of
Liuing
Creatures
,
that
lye
more
Inwards
,
nourish
more
than
the
Outward
Flesh
:
Except
it
bee
the
Braine
;
which
the
Spirits
prey
too
much
vpon
,
to
leaue
it
any
great
Vertue
of
Nourishing
.
It
seemeth
for
the
Nourishing
of
Aged
Men
,
or
Men
in
Consumptions
,
some
such
thing
should
be
Deuised
,
as
should
be
halfe
Chylus
,
before
it
be
put
into
the
Stomach
.
Take
two
large
Capons
;
perboile
them
vpon
a
soft
fire
,
by
the
space
of
an
houre
,
or
more
,
till
in
effect
all
the
Bloud
be
gone
.
Adde
in
the
Decoction
the
Pill
of
a
Sweet
Limon
,
or
a
good
part
of
the
Pill
of
a
Citron
,
and
a
little
Mace
.
Cut
off
the
Shanckes
,
and
throw
them
away
.
Then
with
a
good
strong
Chopping-knife
,
mince
the
two
Capons
,
bones
and
all
,
as
small
as
ordinary
Minced
Meat
;
Put
them
into
a
large
neat
Boulter
;
Then
take
a
Kilderkin
,
sweet
,
and
well
feasoned
,
of
foure
gallons
of
Beere
,
of
8.
●
.
strength
,
new
as
it
commeth
from
the
Tunning
;
Make
in
the
Kilderkin
a
great
Bung-hole
of
purpose
:
Then
thrust
into
it
,
the
Boulter
(
in
which
the
Capons
are
)
drawne
out
in
length
;
Let
it
steepe
in
it
three
Dayes
,
and
three
Nights
,
the
Bung-hole
open
,
to
worke
;
Then
close
the
Bung-hole
,
and
so
let
it
continue
,
a
Day
and
a
halfe
;
Then
draw
it
into
bottles
,
and
you
may
drinke
it
well
after
three
dayes
Botteling
;
And
it
will
last
six
weeks
(
approued
.
)
It
drinketh
fresh
,
flowreth
and
mantleth
exceedingly
;
It
drinketh
not
newish
at
all
;
It
is
an
excellent
Drinke
for
a
Consumption
,
to
be
drunke
either
alone
,
or
Carded
with
some
other
Beere
.
It
quencheth
Thirst
,
and
hath
no
whit
of
windinesse
.
Note
,
that
it
is
not
possible
,
that
Meat
and
Bread
,
either
in
Broths
,
or
taken
with
Drink
,
as
is
vsed
,
should
get
forth
into
the
veines
,
and
outward
Parts
,
so
finely
,
and
easily
,
as
when
it
is
thus
Incorporate
,
and
made
almost
a
Chylus
aforehand
.
Triall
would
bee
made
of
the
like
Brew
with
Potado
Roots
,
or
Burr
Roots
,
or
the
Pith
of
Artichoakes
,
which
are
nourishing
Meats
:
It
may
be
tried
also
,
with
other
flesh
;
As
Phesant
,
Partridge
,
Young
Porke
,
Pigge
,
Venison
,
especially
of
young
Deere
,
&c.
A
Mortresse
made
with
the
Brawne
of
Capons
,
stamped
,
and
strained
,
and
mingled
(
after
it
is
made
)
with
like
quantitie
,
(
at
the
least
,
)
of
Almond
Butter
;
is
an
excellent
Meat
to
Nourish
those
that
are
weake
;
Better
than
Blanck-Manger
,
or
Ielly
:
And
so
is
the
Cullice
of
Cocks
,
boyled
thick
with
the
like
Mixture
of
Almond
Butter
:
For
the
Mortresse
,
or
Cullice
,
of
it selfe
,
is
more
Sauoury
and
strong
;
And
not
so
fit
for
Nourishing
of
weake
Bodies
;
But
the
Almonds
that
are
not
of
so
high
a
taste
as
Flesh
,
doe
excellently
qualifie
it
.
Indian
Maiz
hath
(
of
certaine
)
an
excellent
Spirit
of
Nourishment
;
But
it
must
be
throughly
boyled
,
and
made
into
a
Maiz-Creame
like
a
Barley
Creame
.
I
iudge
the
same
of
Rize
,
made
into
a
Creame
;
For
Rize
is
in
Turky
,
and
other
Countries
of
the
East
,
most
fed
vpon
;
But
it
must
be
throughly
boyled
in
respect
of
the
Hardnesse
of
it
:
And
also
because
otherwise
it
bindeth
the
Body
too
much
.
Pistachoes
,
so
they
be
good
,
and
not
musty
,
ioyned
with
Almonds
in
Almond
Milke
;
Or
made
into
a
Milke
of
themselues
,
like
vnto
Almond
Milke
,
but
more
greene
,
are
an
excellent
Nourisher
.
But
you
shall
doe
well
,
to
adde
a
little
Ginger
,
scraped
,
because
they
are
not
without
some
subtill
windinesse
Milke
warme
from
the
Cow
,
is
found
to
be
a
great
Nourisher
,
and
a
good
Remedy
in
Consumptions
:
But
then
you
must
put
into
it
,
when
you
milke
the
Cow
,
two
little
bagges
;
the
one
of
Powder
of
Mint
,
the
other
of
Powder
of
Red
Roses
;
For
they
keepe
the
Milke
somewhat
from
Turning
,
or
Crudling
in
the
stomach
;
And
put
in
Sugar
also
,
for
the
same
cause
,
and
partly
for
the
Tasts
sake
;
But
you
must
drinke
a
good
draught
that
it
may
stay
lesse
time
in
the
stomach
,
left
it
Cruddle
:
And
let
the
Cup
into
which
you
milke
the
Cow
,
bee
set
in
a
greater
Cup
of
hot
water
,
that
you
may
take
it
warme
.
And
Cow-milke
thus
prepared
,
I
iudge
to
be
better
for
a
Consumption
,
than
Asse-milke
,
which
(
it
is
true
)
turneth
not
so
easily
,
but
it
is
a
little
harrish
;
Marry
it
is
more
proper
for
Sharpnesse
of
Vrine
,
and
Exulceration
of
the
Bladder
,
and
all
manner
of
Lenifyings
.
Womans
milke
likewise
is
prescribed
,
when
all
faile
;
but
I
commend
it
not
;
as
being
a
little
too
neere
the
Iuyce
of
Mans
Body
,
to
be
a
good
Nourisher
;
Except
it
be
in
Infants
,
to
whom
it
is
Naturall
.
Oyle
of
Sweet
Almonds
,
newly
drawen
,
with
Sugar
,
and
a
little
Spice
,
spread
vpon
Bread
tosted
,
is
an
Excellent
Nourisher
;
But
then
to
keepe
the
Oyle
from
frying
in
the
Stomach
,
you
must
drinke
a
good
draught
of
Milde
Beere
after
it
;
And
to
keepe
it
from
relaxing
the
Stomach
too
much
,
you
must
put
in
a
little
Powder
of
Cinnamon
.
The
Yolkes
of
Eggs
are
of
themselues
so
well
prepared
by
Nature
for
Nourishment
;
As
(
so
they
be
Potched
,
or
Reare
boiled
)
they
need
no
other
Preparation
,
or
Mixture
;
yet
they
may
be
taken
also
rawe
,
when
they
are
new
laid
,
with
Malmesey
,
or
Sweet
wine
;
You
shall
doe
well
to
put
in
some
few
Slices
of
Eryngium
Roots
,
and
a
little
Amber-grice
;
For
by
this
meanes
,
besides
the
immediate
Facultie
of
Nourishment
,
such
Drinke
will
strengthen
the
Backe
;
So
that
it
will
not
draw
downe
the
Vrine
too
fast
;
For
too
much
Vrine
doth
alwaies
hinder
Nourishment
.
Mincing
of
meat
,
as
in
Pies
,
and
buttered
Minced
Meat
,
saueth
the
Grinding
of
the
Teeth
;
And
therefore
,
(
no
doubt
)
it
is
more
Nourishing
;
Especially
in
Age
;
Or
to
them
that
haue
weake
Toeth
;
But
the
Butter
is
not
so
proper
for
weake
Bodies
;
And
therfore
it
were
good
to
moisten
it
with
a
little
Claret
wine
,
Pill
of
Limon
,
or
Orenge
,
cut
small
,
Sugar
,
and
a
very
little
Cinnamon
,
or
Nutmegg
.
As
for
Chaetts
,
which
are
likewise
minced
Meat
,
in
stead
of
Butter
,
and
Fat
,
it
were
good
to
moisten
them
,
partly
with
Creame
,
or
Almond
,
or
Pistachomilke
,
or
Barly
,
or
Maiz
Creame
;
Adding
a
little
Coriander
Seed
,
and
Carraway
Seed
,
and
a
very
little
Saffron
.
The
more
full
Handling
of
Alimentation
we
reserue
to
the
due
place
.
Wee
haue
hitherto
handled
the
Particulars
which
yeeld
best
,
and
easiest
,
and
plentifullest
Nourishment
;
And
now
we
will
speake
of
the
best
Meanes
of
Conueying
,
and
Conuerting
the
Nourishment
.
The
First
Meanes
is
,
to
procure
that
the
Nourishment
may
not
be
robbed
,
and
drawen
away
;
wherin
that
,
which
we
haue
already
said
,
is
very
Materiall
;
To
prouide
,
that
the
Reines
draw
not
too
strongly
an
ouer-great
Part
of
the
Bloud
into
Vrine
.
To
this
adde
that
Precept
of
Aristotle
,
that
Wine
be
forborne
in
all
Consumptions
;
For
that
the
Spirits
of
the
Wine
,
doe
prey
vpon
the
Roseide
Iuyce
of
the
Body
,
and
inter-common
with
the
Spirits
of
the
Body
,
and
so
deceiue
and
robbe
them
of
their
Nourishment
.
And
therefore
if
the
Consumption
growing
from
the
weaknes
of
the
Stomach
,
doe
force
you
to
vse
Wine
;
let
it
alwaies
be
burnt
,
that
the
Quicker
Spirits
may
euaporate
;
or
at
the
least
quenched
with
two
little
wedges
of
Gold
,
six
or
seuen
times
repeated
.
Adde
also
this
Prouision
,
That
there
be
not
too
much
Expence
of
the
Nourishment
,
by
Exhaling
,
and
Sweating
:
And
therfore
if
the
Patient
be
apt
to
sweat
,
it
must
be
gently
restrained
.
But
chiefly
Hippocrates
Rule
is
to
bee
followed
;
who
aduiseth
quite
contrary
to
that
which
is
in
vse
:
Namely
,
that
the
Linnen
,
or
Garment
next
the
Flesh
,
be
in
Winter
drie
,
and
oft
changed
;
And
in
Sommer
seldome
changed
,
and
smeared
ouer
with
Oyle
;
For
certaine
it
is
,
that
any
Substance
that
is
fat
,
doth
a
little
fill
the
Pores
of
the
Body
,
and
stay
Sweat
,
in
some
Degree
.
But
the
more
cleanly
way
is
,
to
haue
the
Linnen
smeared
lightly
ouer
,
with
Oyle
of
Sweet
Almonds
;
And
not
to
forbeare
shifting
as
oft
as
is
fit
.
The
Second
Meanes
is
,
to
send
forth
the
Nourishment
into
the
Parts
,
more
strongly
;
For
which
,
the
working
must
be
by
Strengthening
of
the
Stomach
;
And
in
this
,
because
the
Stomach
is
chiefly
comforted
by
Wine
,
and
Hot
things
,
which
otherwise
hurt
;
it
is
good
to
resort
to
Outward
Applications
to
the
Stomach
:
Wherin
it
hath
beene
tried
,
that
the
Quilts
of
Roses
,
Spices
,
Mastick
,
Wormewood
,
Mint
,
&c.
are
nothing
so
helpfull
,
as
to
take
a
Cake
of
New
bread
,
and
to
bedew
it
with
a
little
Sack
,
or
Alegant
;
And
to
drie
it
;
And
after
it
be
dried
a
little
before
the
Fire
,
to
put
it
within
a
cleane
Napkin
,
and
to
lay
it
to
the
Stomach
:
For
it
is
certaine
,
that
all
Flower
hath
a
potent
Vertue
of
Astriction
;
In
so
much
as
it
hardeneth
a
peece
of
flesh
,
or
a
Flower
,
that
is
laid
in
it
:
And
therefore
a
Bagge
quilted
with
Bran
,
is
likewise
very
good
;
but
it
drieth
somewhat
too
much
;
and
therefore
it
must
not
lye
long
.
The
Third
Meanes
(
which
may
be
a
Branch
of
the
former
)
is
to
send
forth
the
Nourishment
the
better
by
Sleepe
.
For
we
see
,
that
Beares
,
and
other
Creatures
that
sleepe
in
the
Winter
,
wax
exceeding
fat
:
And
certaine
it
is
,
(
as
it
is
commonly
beleeued
)
that
Sleepe
doth
Nourish
much
;
Both
for
that
the
Spirits
do
lesse
spend
the
Nourishment
in
Sleepe
,
then
when
liuing
Creatures
are
awake
:
And
because
(
that
which
is
to
the
present
purpose
)
it
helpeth
to
thrust
out
the
Nourishment
into
the
Parts
.
Therefore
in
Aged
men
,
and
weake
Bodies
,
and
such
as
abound
not
with
Choller
,
a
short
Sleepe
after
dinner
doth
helpe
to
Nourish
;
For
in
such
Bodies
there
is
no
feare
of
an
ouer-hastie
Disgestion
,
which
is
the
Inconuenience
of
Postmeridian
Sleepes
.
Sleepe
also
in
the
Morning
,
after
the
taking
of
somewhat
of
easie
Digestion
;
As
Milke
from
the
Cow
,
Nourishing
Breth
,
or
the
like
;
doth
further
Nourishment
:
But
this
would
bee
done
,
sitting
vpright
,
that
the
Milke
or
Broth
may
passe
the
more
speedily
to
the
bottome
of
the
Stomach
.
The
Fourth
Meanes
is
to
prouide
that
the
Parts
themselues
may
draw
to
them
the
Nourishment
strongly
.
There
is
an
Excellent
Obseruation
of
Aristotle
;
That
a
great
Reason
,
why
Plants
(
some
of
them
)
are
of
greater
Age
,
than
Liuing
Creatures
,
is
,
for
that
they
yearely
put
forth
new
Leaues
,
and
Boughes
;
whereas
Liuing
Creatures
put
forth
(
after
their
Period
of
Growth
,
)
nothing
that
is
young
,
but
Haire
and
Nailes
;
which
are
Excrements
,
and
no
Parts
.
And
it
is
most
certaine
,
that
whatsoeuer
is
young
,
doth
draw
Nourishment
better
,
than
that
which
is
Old
;
And
then
(
that
which
is
the
Mystery
of
that
Obseruation
)
young
Boughes
,
and
Leaues
,
calling
the
Sap
vp
to
them
;
the
same
Nourisheth
the
Body
,
in
the
Passage
.
And
this
we
see
notably
proued
also
,
in
that
the
oft
Cutting
,
or
Polling
of
Hedges
,
Trees
,
and
Herbs
,
doth
conduce
much
to
their
Lasting
.
Transferre
therefore
this
Obseruation
to
the
Helping
of
Nourishment
in
Liuing
Creatures
:
The
Noblest
and
Principall
Vse
whereof
is
,
for
the
Prolongation
of
Life
;
Restauration
of
some
Degree
of
Youth
;
and
Inteneration
of
the
Parts
:
For
certaine
it
is
,
that
there
are
in
Liuing
Creatures
Parts
that
Nourish
,
and
Repaire
easily
;
And
Parts
that
Nourish
and
repaire
hardly
,
And
you
must
refresh
,
and
renew
those
that
are
easie
to
Nourish
,
that
the
other
may
be
refreshed
,
and
(
as
it
were
)
Drinke
in
Nourishment
,
in
the
Passage
.
Now
wee
see
that
Draught
Oxen
,
put
into
good
Pasture
,
recouer
the
Flesh
of
young
Beese
;
And
Men
after
long
Emaciating
Diets
,
wax
plumpe
,
and
fat
,
and
almost
New
:
So
that
you
may
surely
conclude
,
that
the
frequent
and
wise
Vse
of
those
Emaciating
Diets
,
and
of
Purgings
;
And
perhaps
of
some
kinde
of
Bleeding
;
is
a
principall
Meanes
of
Prolongation
of
Life
;
and
Restoring
some
Degree
of
Youth
:
For
as
we
haue
often
said
,
Death
commeth
vpon
Liuing
Creatures
like
the
Torment
of
McZentius
;
Mortua
quinetiam
iungebat
Corporavinis
,
Componens
Manibusque
Manus
,
atque
Oribus
Ora.
For
the
Parts
in
Mans
Body
easily
reparable
,
(
as
Spirits
,
Bloud
,
and
Flesh
,
)
die
in
the
Embracement
of
the
Parts
hardly
reparable
,
(
as
Bones
,
Nerues
,
and
Membranes
;
)
And
likewise
some
Entrails
(
which
they
reckon
amongst
the
Spermaticall
Parts
)
are
hard
to
repaire
:
Though
that
Diuision
of
Spermaticall
,
and
Menstrnall
Parts
,
be
but
a
Conceit
.
And
this
same
Obseruation
also
may
be
drawne
to
the
present
purpose
of
Nourishing
Emaciated
Bodies
:
And
therefore
Gentle
Frication
draweth
forth
the
Nourishment
,
by
making
the
Parts
a
little
hungry
,
and
heating
them
;
whereby
they
call
forth
Nourishment
the
better
.
This
Frication
I
wish
to
be
done
in
the
Morning
.
It
is
also
best
done
by
the
Hand
,
or
a
peece
of
Scarlet
wooll
,
wet
a
little
with
Oile
of
Almonds
,
mingled
with
a
small
Quantity
of
Bay-sals
,
or
Saffron
.
We
see
that
the
very
Currying
of
Horses
doth
make
them
fat
,
and
in
good
liking
.
The
Fifth
Meanes
is
,
to
further
the
very
Act
of
Assimilation
of
Nourishment
;
which
is
done
by
some
outward
Emollients
,
that
make
the
Parts
more
apt
to
Assimilate
.
For
which
I
haue
compounded
an
Ointment
of
Excellent
Odour
,
which
I
call
Roman
Ointment
,
vide
the
Receit
.
The
vse
of
it
would
be
betweene
Sleepes
;
For
in
the
latter
Sleepe
the
Parts
Assimilate
chiefly
.
There
be
many
Medicines
,
which
by
themselues
would
doe
no
Cure
,
but
perhaps
Hurt
;
but
being
applyed
in
a
certaine
Order
,
one
after
another
,
doe
great
Cures
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
Filum
Medicinale
.
I
haue
tried
(
my
selfe
)
a
Remedy
for
the
Gout
,
which
hath
seldome
failed
,
but
driuen
it
away
in
24.
Houres
space
:
It
is
first
to
apply
a
Pultasse
;
Of
which
vide
the
Receit
;
And
then
a
Bath
or
Fomentation
,
of
which
vide
the
Receit
;
And
then
a
Plaister
,
vide
the
Receit
.
The
Pultasse
relaxeth
the
Pores
,
and
maketh
the
Humour
apt
to
Exhale
.
The
Fomentation
calleth
forth
the
Humour
by
Vapours
;
But
yet
in
regard
of
the
way
made
by
the
Pultasse
.
Draweth
gently
;
And
therfore
draweth
the
Humour
out
;
and
doth
not
draw
more
to
it
;
For
it
is
a
Gentle
Fomentation
,
and
hath
withall
a
Mixture
,
(
though
very
little
)
of
some
Stupefactine
.
The
Plaister
is
a
Moderate
Astringent
Plaister
,
which
repelleth
New
Humour
from
falling
.
The
Pultasse
alone
would
make
the
Part
more
soft
,
and
weake
;
And
apter
to
take
the
Defluxion
and
Impression
of
the
Humour
.
The
Fomentation
alone
,
if
it
were
too
weake
,
without
way
made
by
the
Pultasse
,
would
draw
forth
little
;
If
too
strong
,
it
would
draw
to
the
Part
,
as
well
as
draw
from
it
.
The
Plaister
alone
,
would
pen
the
Humour
already
contained
in
the
Part
,
and
so
exasperate
it
,
as
well
as
forbid
new
Humour
.
Therefore
they
must
be
all
taken
in
Order
,
as
is
said
.
The
Pultasse
is
to
be
laid
to
for
two
or
three
Houres
:
The
Fomentation
for
a
Quarter
of
an
Houre
,
or
somewhat
better
,
being
vsed
hot
,
and
seuen
or
eight
times
repeated
:
The
Plaister
to
continue
on
still
,
till
the
Part
be
well
confirmed
.
There
is
a
secret
Way
of
Cure
,
(
vnpractized
;
)
By
Assuetude
of
that
which
in
it selfe
hurteth
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
Cure
by
Custome
.
Poysons
haue
beene
made
,
by
some
,
Familiar
,
as
hath
beene
said
.
Ordinary
keepers
of
the
Sicke
of
the
Plague
,
are
seldome
infected
.
Enduring
of
Torture
,
by
Custome
,
hath
been
made
more
casie
:
The
Brooking
of
Enormous
Quantity
of
Meats
,
and
so
of
Wine
or
Strong
Drinke
,
hath
beene
,
by
Custome
,
made
to
be
without
Surfet
,
or
Drunkennesse
.
And
generally
Diseases
that
are
Chronicall
,
as
Coughes
.
,
Phthisickes
,
some
kindes
of
Palseyes
,
Lunacies
,
&c.
are
most
dangerous
at
the
first
:
Therefore
a
wise
Physitian
will
consider
whether
a
Disease
be
Incurable
;
Or
whether
the
Iust
Cure
of
it
be
not
full
of
perill
;
And
if
he
finde
it
to
bee
such
,
let
him
resort
to
Palliation
;
And
alleuiate
the
Symptome
,
without
busying
himselfe
too
much
with
the
perfect
Cure
:
And
many
times
,
(
if
the
Patient
be
indeed
patient
,
)
that
Course
will
exceed
all
Expectation
.
Likewise
the
Patient
himselfe
may
striue
,
by
little
and
little
,
to
Ouercome
the
Symptome
,
in
the
Exacerbation
,
and
so
,
by
time
,
turne
Suffering
into
Nature
.
Diuers
Diseases
,
especially
Chronicall
,
(
such
as
Quartan
Agues
;
)
are
somtimes
cured
by
Surset
,
and
Excesses
;
As
Excesse
of
Meat
,
Excesse
of
Drinke
,
Extraordinary
Fasting
,
Extraordinary
Stirring
,
or
Lassitude
,
&
the
like
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
Cure
by
Excesse
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
Diseases
of
Cotinuance
get
an
Aduentitious
Strength
from
Custome
,
besides
their
Materiall
Cause
from
the
Humours
:
So
that
the
Breaking
of
the
Custome
doth
leaue
them
only
to
their
first
Cause
;
which
if
it
be
any
thing
weake
will
fall
off
.
Besides
,
such
Excesses
doe
Excite
and
Spur
Nature
,
which
thereupon
riseth
more
forcibly
against
the
Disease
.
There
is
in
the
Body
of
Man
a
great
Consent
in
the
Motion
of
the
seuerall
Parts
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
Cure
by
Motion
of
Consent
.
We
see
,
it
is
Childrens
sport
,
to
proue
whether
they
can
rub
vpon
their
Brest
with
one
hand
,
and
pat
vpon
their
Fore-head
with
another
;
And
straight-waies
,
they
shall
sometimes
rubbe
with
both
Hands
,
or
pat
with
both
hands
.
We
see
,
that
when
the
Spirits
,
that
come
to
the
Nosthrills
,
expell
a
bad
Sent
,
the
Stomach
is
ready
to
Expell
by
Vomit
.
We
finde
that
in
Consumptions
of
the
Lungs
,
when
Nature
cannot
expell
by
Cough
,
Men
fall
into
Fluxes
of
the
Belly
,
and
then
they
dye
.
So
in
Pestilent
Diseases
,
if
they
cannot
be
expelled
by
Sweat
,
they
fall
likewise
into
Loosenesse
,
and
that
is
commonly
Mortall
.
Therfore
Physitians
should
ingeniously
contriue
,
how
by
Motions
that
are
in
their
Power
,
they
may
excite
Inward
Motions
that
are
not
in
their
Power
,
by
Consent
:
As
by
the
Stench
of
Feathers
,
or
the
like
,
they
cure
the
Rising
of
the
Mother
.
Hippocrates
Aphorisme
,
In
Morbis
minus
,
is
a
good
profound
Aphorisme
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
Cure
of
Diseases
which
are
contrary
to
Predist
sition
.
It
importeth
,
that
Diseases
,
contrary
to
the
Complexion
,
Age
,
Sexe
,
Season
of
the
yeare
,
Diet
,
&c.
are
more
dangerous
,
than
those
that
are
Concurrent
.
A
Man
would
thinke
it
should
be
otherwise
;
For
that
,
when
the
Accident
of
Sicknesse
,
and
the
Naturall
Disposition
,
doe
second
the
one
the
other
,
the
Disease
should
be
more
forcible
:
And
so
(
no
doubt
)
it
is
;
if
you
suppose
like
Quantity
of
Matter
.
But
that
,
which
maketh
good
the
Aphorisine
,
is
;
Because
such
Diseases
doe
shew
a
greater
Collection
of
Matter
,
by
that
they
are
able
to
ouercome
those
Naturall
Inclinations
to
the
Contrary
.
And
therefore
in
Diseases
of
that
kinde
,
let
the
Physitian
apply
himselfe
more
to
Purgation
,
than
to
Alteration
;
Because
the
Offence
is
in
the
Quantity
;
and
the
Qualities
are
rectified
of
themselues
.
Physitians
do
wisely
prescribe
,
that
there
be
Preparatiues
vsed
before
Iust
Purgations
;
For
certaine
it
is
,
that
Purgers
doe
many
times
great
Hurt
,
if
the
Body
be
not
accommodated
,
both
before
,
and
after
the
Purging
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
Preparations
before
Purging
,
and
setling
of
the
Body
afterward
.
The
Hurt
that
they
doe
,
for
want
of
Preparation
before
Purging
,
is
by
the
Sticking
of
the
Humours
,
and
their
not
comming
faire
away
;
Which
causeth
in
the
Body
great
Perturbations
,
and
ill
Accidents
,
during
the
Purging
;
And
also
,
the
diminishing
,
and
dulling
of
the
Working
of
the
Medicine
it selfe
,
that
it
purgeth
not
sufficiently
.
Therefore
the
worke
of
Preparation
is
double
;
To
make
the
Humours
fluide
,
and
mature
;
And
to
make
the
Passages
more
open
:
For
both
those
helpe
to
make
the
Humours
passe
readily
.
And
for
the
former
of
these
,
Sirrups
are
most
profitable
;
And
for
the
Latter
,
Apozumes
,
or
Preparing
Broaths
;
Clisters
also
helpe
,
lest
the
Medicine
stop
in
the
Guts
,
and
worke
gripingly
.
But
it
is
true
,
that
Bodies
abounding
with
Humours
;
And
fat
Bodies
;
And
Open
weather
;
are
Preparatines
in
themselues
;
because
they
make
the
Humours
more
fluide
.
But
let
a
Physitian
beware
,
how
he
purge
after
hard
Frostie
Weather
,
and
in
a
Leane
Body
,
without
Preparation
.
For
the
Hurt
,
that
they
may
doe
after
Purging
;
It
is
caused
by
the
Lodging
of
some
Humours
in
ill
Places
:
For
it
is
certaine
,
that
there
be
Humours
,
which
somewhere
placed
in
the
Body
,
are
quiet
,
and
doe
little
hurt
;
In
other
Places
,
(
especially
Passages
,
)
doe
much
mischiefe
.
Therefore
it
is
good
,
after
Purging
,
to
vse
Apozumes
,
and
Broths
,
not
so
much
Opening
as
those
vsed
before
Purging
,
but
Absterfine
and
Mundifying
Clisters
also
are
good
to
conclude
with
,
to
draw
away
the
Reliques
of
the
Humours
,
that
may
haue
descended
to
the
Lower
Region
of
the
Body
.
Bloud
is
stanched
diuers
waies
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
Stocking
of
Bloud
.
First
by
Astringents
,
and
Repercussiue
Medicines
.
Secondly
by
Drawing
of
the
Spirits
and
Bloud
inwards
;
which
is
done
by
Cold
;
As
Iron
,
or
a
Stone
laid
to
the
neck
doth
stanch
the
Bleeding
at
the
Nose
;
Also
it
hath
beene
tryed
,
that
the
Testicles
,
being
put
into
sharp
Vineger
,
hath
made
a
suddaine
Recesse
of
the
Spirits
,
and
stanched
Bloud
.
Thirdly
by
the
Recesse
of
the
Bloud
by
Sympathy
.
So
it
hath
beene
tried
,
that
the
part
that
bleedeth
,
being
thrust
into
the
Body
of
a
Capon
,
or
Sheepe
,
new
ript
and
bleeding
,
hath
stanched
Bloud
;
The
Bloud
,
as
it
seemeth
,
sucking
and
drawing
vp
,
by
similitude
of
substance
,
the
Bloud
it
meeteth
with
,
and
so
it selfe
going
backe
.
Fourthly
by
Custome
and
Time
;
So
the
Prince
of
Aurange
,
in
his
first
hurt
,
by
the
Spanish
Boy
,
could
finde
no
meanes
to
stanch
the
Bloud
,
either
by
Medicine
or
Ligament
;
but
was
faine
to
haue
the
Orifice
of
the
Wound
stopped
by
Mens
Thumbes
,
succeeding
one
another
,
for
the
space
at
least
of
two
Dayes
;
And
at
the
last
the
bloud
by
Custome
onely
retired
.
There
is
a
fifth
Way
also
in
vse
,
to
let
Bloud
in
an
Aduerse
Part
,
for
a
Revulsion
.
It
helpeth
,
both
in
Medicine
,
and
Aliment
,
to
Change
and
not
to
continue
the
same
Medicine
&
Aliment
still
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
Change
of
Aliments
and
Medicines
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
Nature
by
continuall
Vso
of
any
Thing
,
groweth
to
a
Sacietie
,
and
Dulnesse
,
either
of
Appetite
,
or
Working
.
And
we
see
that
Assuetude
of
Things
Hurtfull
doth
make
them
leese
their
force
to
Hurt
;
As
Poyson
,
which
with
vse
some
haue
brought
themselues
to
brooke
.
And
therefore
it
is
no
maruaile
,
though
Things
helpfull
,
by
Custome
,
leese
their
force
to
Helpe
.
I
count
Intermission
almost
the
same
thing
with
Change
;
For
that
,
that
hath
beene
intermitted
,
is
after
a
fort
new
.
It
is
found
by
Experience
,
that
in
Diets
of
Guaiacum
,
Sarza
,
and
the
like
(
especially
if
they
be
strict
,
)
the
Patient
is
more
troubled
in
the
beginning
,
then
after
continuance
;
Which
hath
made
some
of
the
more
delicate
Sort
of
patients
,
giue
them
ouer
in
the
middest
;
Supposing
that
if
those
Diets
trouble
them
so
much
at
first
,
they
shall
not
be
able
to
endure
them
to
the
End
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
Diets
.
But
the
Cause
is
,
for
that
all
those
Diets
,
doe
drie
vp
Humours
,
Rheumes
,
and
the
like
;
And
they
cannot
Drie
vp
vntil
they
haue
first
attenuated
;
And
while
the
Humour
is
attenuated
,
it
is
more
Fluid
,
then
it
was
before
,
and
troubleth
the
Body
a
great
deale
more
vntill
it
be
dried
vp
,
and
consumed
.
And
therefore
Patients
must
expect
a
due
time
,
and
not
checke
at
them
at
the
first
.
The
Producing
of
Cold
is
a
thing
very
worthy
the
Inquisition
;
both
for
Vse
,
and
Disclosure
of
Causes
.
Experiments
in
Consort
touching
the
Production
of
Cold.
For
Heat
and
Cold
are
Natures
two
Hands
,
whereby
she
chiefly
worketh
:
And
Heat
we
haue
in
readinesse
,
in
respect
of
the
Fire
;
But
for
Cold
we
must
staie
till
it
commeth
;
or
seecke
it
in
deepe
Caues
,
or
high
Mountaines
:
And
when
all
is
done
,
we
cannot
obtaine
it
in
any
great
degree
:
For
Furnaces
of
Fire
are
farre
hotter
,
then
a
Sommers
Sunne
;
But
Vaults
,
or
Hills
are
not
much
Colder
then
a
Winters
Frost
.
The
first
Meanes
of
Producing
Cold
,
is
that
which
Nature
presenteth
vs
withall
;
Namely
the
Expiring
of
Cold
out
of
the
Inward
Parts
of
the
Earth
in
Winter
,
when
the
Sun
hath
no
power
to
ouercome
it
;
the
Earth
being
(
as
hath
beene
noted
by
some
)
Primum
Frigidum
.
This
hath
beene
asserted
,
as
well
by
Auncient
as
by
Moderne
Philosophers
:
It
was
the
Tenet
of
Parmenides
.
It
was
the
opinion
of
the
Authour
of
the
discourse
in
Plutarch
(
for
I
take
it
that
booke
was
not
Plutarches
owne
)
De
prime
Frigide
.
It
was
the
opinion
of
Telesius
,
who
hath
renewed
the
Philosophy
of
Parmenides
,
and
is
the
best
of
the
Nouellists
.
The
Second
Cause
of
Cold
is
the
Contact
of
Cold
Bodies
;
For
Cold
is
Actiue
and
Transitiue
into
Bodies
Adiacent
,
as
well
as
Heat
:
which
is
seene
in
those
things
that
are
touched
with
Snow
or
Cold
water
.
And
therefore
,
whosoeuer
will
be
an
Inquirer
into
Nature
,
let
him
resort
to
a
Conseruatory
of
Snow
and
Ice
;
Such
as
they
vse
for
delicacy
,
to
coole
Wine
in
Summer
:
Which
is
a
Poore
and
Contemptible
vse
,
in
respect
of
other
vses
,
that
may
bee
made
of
such
Conseruatories
.
The
Third
Cause
is
the
Primary
Nature
of
all
Tangible
bodies
:
For
it
is
well
to
be
noted
,
that
all
Things
whatsoeuer
(
Tangible
)
are
of
themselues
Cold
;
Except
they
haue
an
Accessory
Heat
by
fire
;
Life
;
or
Motion
:
For
euen
the
Spirit
of
Wine
,
or
Chy●icall
Oyles
,
which
are
so
hot
in
Operation
,
are
to
the
first
Touch
Cold
;
And
Aire
it selfe
compressed
,
and
Condensed
a
little
by
blowing
,
is
Cold.
The
Fourth
Cause
is
the
Density
of
the
Body
;
For
all
Dense
Bodies
are
Colder
then
most
other
Bodies
;
As
Mettalls
,
Stone
,
Glasse
;
And
they
are
longer
in
Heating
than
Softer
Bodies
.
And
it
is
certaine
,
that
Earth
,
Dense
,
Tangible
,
hold
all
of
the
Nature
of
Cold.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
all
Matters
Tangible
being
Cold
,
it
must
needs
follow
,
that
where
the
Matter
is
moist
Congregate
,
the
Cold
is
the
greater
.
The
Fifth
Cause
of
Cold
,
or
rather
of
increase
and
vehemence
of
Cold
,
is
a
Quicke
Spirit
inclosed
in
a
Cold
Body
:
As
will
appeare
to
any
that
shall
attentiuely
consider
of
Nature
in
many
Instances
.
Wee
see
Nitre
(
which
hath
a
Quicke
Spirit
)
is
Cold
;
more
Cold
to
the
Tongue
,
then
a
Stone
;
So
Water
is
Colder
then
Oile
,
because
it
hath
a
Quicker
Spirit
;
For
all
Oile
,
though
it
hath
the
Tangible
Parts
better
digested
then
Water
,
yet
hath
it
a
duller
Spirit
:
So
Snow
is
Colder
then
Water
,
because
it
hath
more
Spirit
within
it
:
So
we
see
that
Salt
put
to
Ice
(
as
in
the
producing
of
the
Artificiall
Ice
)
increaseth
the
Actiuity
of
Cold
:
So
some
In●●cta
which
haue
Spirit
of
Life
,
as
Snakes
,
and
Silkwormes
,
are
,
to
the
touch
,
Cold.
So
Quick-filuer
is
the
Coldest
of
Mettals
,
because
it
is
Fullest
of
Spirit
.
The
Sixth
Cause
of
Cold
is
the
Chasing
and
Driuing
away
of
Spirits
,
such
as
haue
some
Degree
of
Heat
:
For
the
Banishing
of
the
Heat
must
needs
leaue
any
Body
Cold.
This
we
see
in
the
Operation
of
Opium
,
and
Stupefactiues
,
vpon
the
Spirits
of
liuing
Creatures
:
And
it
were
not
amisse
to
trie
Opium
,
by
laying
it
vpon
the
Top
of
a
Weather-glasse
,
to
see
whether
it
will
contract
the
Aire
:
But
I
doubt
it
will
not
succeed
:
For
besides
that
the
vertue
of
Opium
will
hardly
penetrate
thorow
such
a
Body
as
Glasse
,
I
conceiue
that
Opium
,
and
the
like
,
make
the
Spirits
fly
rather
by
Malignity
,
then
by
Cold.
Seuenthly
,
the
same
Effect
must
follow
vpon
the
Exhaling
or
Drawing
out
of
the
warme
Spirits
,
that
doth
vpon
the
Flight
of
the
Spirits
.
There
is
an
Opinion
,
that
the
Moone
is
Magneticall
of
Heat
,
as
the
Sun
is
of
Cold
,
and
Moisture
:
It
were
not
amisse
therefore
to
trie
it
,
with
Warme
waters
;
The
one
exposed
to
the
Beames
of
the
Moone
;
the
other
with
some
Skreene
betwixt
the
Beames
of
the
Moone
and
the
water
;
As
we
vse
to
the
Sunne
for
Shade
;
And
to
see
whether
the
former
will
coole
sooner
.
And
it
were
also
good
to
inquire
,
what
other
Meanes
there
may
be
,
to
draw
forth
the
Exile
heat
,
which
is
in
the
Aire
;
for
that
may
be
a
Secret
of
great
Power
to
Produce
Cold
weather
.
We
haue
formerly
set
downe
the
Meanes
of
turning
Aire
into
water
,
in
the
Experiment
27.
Experiments
in
Consort
touching
the
Version
and
Transmutation
of
Aire
into
water
.
But
because
it
is
Magnale
Nature
;
And
tendeth
to
the
subduing
of
a
very
great
effect
;
And
is
also
of
Manifold
vse
;
we
will
adde
some
Instances
in
Consort
that
giue
light
thereunto
.
It
is
reported
by
some
of
the
Ancients
,
that
Sailers
haue
vsed
,
euery
Night
,
to
hang
Fleeces
of
wooll
on
the
sides
of
their
Ships
,
the
Wooll
towards
the
water
;
And
that
they
haue
crushed
fresh
Water
out
of
them
,
in
the
Morning
,
for
their
vse
.
And
thus
much
we
haue
tried
,
that
a
Quantitie
of
Wooll
tied
loose
together
,
being
let
downe
into
a
deepe
Well
;
And
hanging
in
the
Middle
,
some
three
Fathome
from
the
water
,
for
a
night
,
in
the
Winter
time
;
increased
in
weight
,
(
as
I
now
remember
)
to
a
fifth
Part.
It
is
reported
by
one
of
the
Ancients
,
that
in
Lydia
,
neare
Pergamus
,
there
were
certaine
Worke-men
,
in
time
of
Warres
,
fled
into
Caues
;
And
the
Mouth
of
the
Caues
being
stopped
by
the
Enemies
,
they
were
famished
.
But
long
time
after
the
dead
Bones
were
found
;
And
some
Vessels
which
they
had
carried
with
them
;
And
the
vessels
full
of
Water
;
And
that
Water
,
thicker
,
and
more
towards
Ice
,
than
Common
Water
:
which
is
a
Notable
Instance
of
Condensation
,
and
Induration
,
by
Buriall
under
Earth
,
(
in
Caues
,
)
for
long
time
;
And
of
version
also
(
as
it
should
seeme
,
)
of
Aire
into
Water
;
if
any
of
those
vessels
were
Emptie
.
Trie
therefore
a
small
Bladder
hung
in
Snow
;
And
the
like
in
Nitre
;
And
the
like
in
Quick-filuer
:
And
if
you
finde
the
Bladders
fallen
,
or
shrunke
;
you
may
be
sure
the
Aire
is
condensed
by
the
Cold
of
those
Bodies
;
As
it
would
be
in
a
Caue
vnder
Earth
.
It
is
reported
of
very
good
credit
,
that
in
the
East
Indies
,
if
you
set
a
Tub
of
Water
open
,
in
a
Roome
where
Cloues
are
kept
,
it
will
be
drawne
dry
in
24
houres
;
Though
it
stand
at
some
distance
from
the
Cloues
.
In
the
Countrey
,
they
vse
many
times
,
in
deceit
,
when
their
wooll
is
new
shorne
,
to
set
some
Pailes
of
water
by
,
in
the
same
Roome
;
to
increase
the
weight
of
the
wooll
:
But
it
may
be
,
that
the
Heat
of
the
Wooll
,
remaining
from
the
body
of
the
Sheepe
;
or
the
Heat
gathered
by
the
lying
close
of
the
wooll
,
helpeth
to
draw
the
watry
Vapour
;
But
that
is
nothing
to
the
Version
.
It
is
Reported
also
credibly
,
that
Wooll
new
shorne
,
being
laid
casually
vpon
a
Vessell
of
Verinyce
,
after
some
time
,
had
drunke
vp
a
great
part
of
the
Veriuyce
,
though
the
Vessell
were
whole
without
any
Flaw
and
had
not
the
Bung-hole
open
.
In
this
Instance
,
there
is
(
vpon
the
by
)
to
be
noted
,
the
Percolation
,
or
Suing
of
the
Veriuyce
through
the
wood
;
For
Veriuyce
of
it selfe
would
neuer
haue
passed
thorow
the
wood
:
So
as
,
it
seemeth
,
it
must
be
first
in
a
kinde
of
Vapour
,
before
it
passe
.
It
is
especially
to
be
noted
,
that
the
Cause
,
that
doth
facilitate
the
Version
of
Aire
into
water
,
when
the
Aire
is
not
in
grosse
,
but
subtilly
mingled
with
Tangible
Bodies
,
is
,
(
as
hath
beene
partly
touched
before
,
)
for
that
Tangible
Bodies
haue
an
Antipathy
with
Aire
;
And
if
they
finde
and
Liquid
Body
,
that
is
more
dense
,
neare
them
,
they
will
draw
it
:
And
after
they
haue
drawne
it
,
they
will
condense
it
more
,
and
in
effect
incorporate
it
;
For
wee
see
that
a
Spunge
,
or
Wooll
,
or
Sugar
,
or
a
Woollen
cloth
,
being
put
but
in
part
,
in
Water
,
or
Wine
,
will
draw
the
Liquour
higher
,
and
beyond
the
place
,
where
the
Water
or
wine
commeth
.
We
see
also
,
that
Wood
,
Lute-strings
,
and
the
like
,
doe
swell
in
moist
Seasons
:
As
appeareth
by
the
Breaking
of
the
Strings
,
the
Hard
Turning
of
the
Pegs
,
and
the
Hard
drawing
forth
of
Boxes
,
and
Opening
of
Wainseet
deeres
;
which
is
a
kinde
of
Infusion
:
And
is
much
like
to
an
Infusion
in
water
,
which
will
make
wood
to
swell
:
As
we
see
in
the
Filling
of
the
Chops
of
Boules
,
by
laying
them
in
water
.
But
for
that
part
of
these
Experiments
,
which
concerneth
Attraction
;
we
will
reserue
it
to
the
proper
Title
of
Attraction
.
There
is
also
a
Version
of
Aire
into
water
,
seene
in
the
Sweating
of
Marbles
,
and
other
Stones
.
And
of
Wainsces
before
and
in
moist
weather
:
This
must
be
,
either
by
some
Moisture
the
Body
yeeldeth
;
Or
else
by
the
Moist
Aire
thickned
against
the
hard
body
.
But
it
is
plaine
,
that
it
is
the
latter
;
For
that
we
see
Wood
painted
with
Oyle
Colour
,
will
sooner
gather
drops
in
a
moist
Night
,
than
Wood
alone
:
which
is
caused
by
the
Smoothnesse
and
Closenesse
;
which
letteth
in
no
part
of
the
Vapour
,
and
so
turneth
it
backe
,
and
thickeneth
it
into
Dew
.
We
see
also
,
that
Breathing
vpon
a
Glasse
,
or
Smooth
body
,
giueth
a
Dew
;
And
in
Frosty
Mornings
(
such
as
we
call
Rime
frosts
)
you
shall
finde
drops
of
Dew
vpon
the
Inside
of
Glasse-windowes
;
And
the
Frost
it selfe
vpon
the
ground
is
but
a
Version
or
Condensation
,
of
the
Moist
vapours
of
the
Night
,
into
a
watry
substance
:
Dewes
likewise
,
and
Raine
,
are
but
the
Returnes
of
Moist
vapours
Condensed
;
The
Dew
,
by
the
Cold
onely
of
the
Sunnes
departure
,
which
is
the
gentler
Cold
;
Raines
,
by
the
Cold
of
that
,
which
they
call
the
Middle
Region
of
the
Aire
;
which
is
the
more
violent
Cold.
It
is
very
probable
(
as
hath
beene
touched
)
that
that
,
which
will
turne
Water
into
Ice
,
will
likewise
turne
Aire
Some
Degree
nearer
vnto
water
.
Therefore
trie
the
Experiment
of
the
Artificiall
Turning
water
into
Ice
(
whereof
we
shall
speake
in
another
place
)
with
Aire
in
place
of
water
,
and
the
Ice
about
it
.
And
although
it
be
a
greater
Alteration
to
turne
Aire
into
water
,
than
water
into
Ice
:
yet
there
is
this
Hope
,
that
by
Continuing
the
Aire
longer
time
,
the
effect
will
follow
;
For
that
Artificiall
Conuersion
of
water
into
Ice
,
is
the
worke
of
a
few
Houres
;
And
this
of
Aire
may
be
tried
by
a
Moneths
space
,
or
the
like
.
Induration
,
or
Lapidification
,
of
Substances
more
Soft
,
is
likewise
another
degree
of
Condensation
;
And
is
a
great
Alteration
in
Nature
.
Experiments
in
Consort
,
touching
Induration
of
Bodies
.
The
Effecting
and
Accelerating
thereof
is
very
worthy
to
be
inquired
.
It
is
effected
by
three
Meanes
.
The
first
is
by
Cold
;
whose
Property
is
to
Condense
,
and
constipate
,
as
hath
beene
said
.
The
Second
is
by
Heat
;
which
is
not
proper
,
but
by
consequence
;
For
the
Heat
doth
attenuate
;
And
by
Attenuation
doth
send
forth
the
Spirit
and
moister
Part
of
a
Body
;
And
vpon
that
,
the
more
grosse
of
the
Tangible
Parts
doe
contract
and
serre
themselues
together
;
Both
to
Auoid
Vacuums
(
as
they
call
it
;
)
And
also
to
Munite
themselues
against
the
Force
of
the
Fire
,
which
they
haue
suffered
.
And
the
Third
is
by
Assimilation
;
when
a
Hard
Body
Assimilateth
a
Soft
,
being
contiguous
to
it
.
The
Examples
of
Induration
,
taking
them
promiscuously
,
are
many
:
As
the
Generation
of
Stones
within
the
Earth
,
which
at
the
first
are
but
Rude
Earth
,
or
Clay
:
And
so
of
Mineralls
,
which
come
(
no
doubt
)
at
first
,
of
luyces
Concrete
,
which
afterward
indurate
:
And
so
of
Porcellane
,
which
is
an
Artificiall
Cement
,
buried
in
the
Earth
a
long
time
:
And
so
the
Making
of
Bricke
,
and
Tile
:
Also
the
Making
of
Glasse
,
of
a
certaine
Sand
,
and
Brake-Roots
,
and
some
other
Matters
:
Also
the
Exudations
of
Rock-Diamonds
,
and
Crystall
,
which
harden
with
time
:
Also
the
Induration
of
Bead-Amber
,
which
at
first
is
a
soft
Substance
;
As
appeareth
by
the
Flies
,
and
Spiders
,
which
are
found
in
it
;
And
many
more
:
But
wee
will
speake
of
them
distinctly
.
For
Indurations
by
Cold
,
there
bee
few
Trialls
of
it
;
For
wee
haue
no
strong
or
intense
Cold
here
on
the
Surface
of
the
Earth
,
so
neare
the
Beames
of
the
Sunne
,
and
the
Heauens
.
The
likeliest
Triall
is
by
Snow
,
and
Ice
;
For
as
Snow
and
Ice
,
especially
being
holpen
,
and
their
Cold
actiuated
by
Nitre
,
or
Salt
,
will
turne
Water
into
Ice
,
and
that
in
a
few
houres
;
So
it
may
be
,
it
will
turne
wood
,
or
Stiffe
Clay
,
into
Stone
,
in
longer
time
.
Put
therefore
,
into
a
Conseruing
Pit
of
Snow
,
and
Ice
,
(
adding
some
quantity
of
Salt
,
and
Nitre
,
)
a
Peece
of
Wood
,
or
a
Peece
of
Tough
Clay
,
and
let
it
lye
a
Moneth
,
or
more
.
Another
Triall
is
by
Metalline
Waters
,
which
haue
virtuall
Cold
in
them
.
Put
therefore
Wood
,
or
Clay
,
into
Smiths
water
,
or
other
Metalline
water
;
And
try
whether
it
will
not
harden
in
some
reasonable
time
.
But
I
vnderstand
it
,
of
Metalline
waters
,
that
come
by
Washing
,
or
Quenching
;
And
not
of
Strong
Waters
that
come
by
dissolution
;
for
they
are
too
Corrosiue
to
consolidate
.
It
is
already
found
,
that
there
are
some
Naturall
Spring-waters
,
that
will
Inlapidate
Wood
;
So
as
you
shall
see
one
peece
of
Wood
,
whereof
the
Part
aboue
the
Water
shall
continue
Wood
;
And
the
Part
vnder
the
Water
shall
be
turned
into
a
kinde
of
Grauelly
Stons
.
It
is
likely
those
Waters
are
of
some
Metalline
Mixture
;
But
there
would
be
more
particular
Inquiry
made
of
them
.
It
is
certaine
,
that
an
Egge
was
found
,
hauing
lien
many
yeeres
in
the
bottome
of
a
Moate
,
where
the
Earth
had
somewhat
ouergrowen
it
;
And
this
Egge
was
comen
to
the
Hardnesse
of
a
Stone
;
And
had
the
Colours
of
the
white
and
Yolke
perfect
:
And
the
Shell
shining
in
small
graines
like
Sugar
,
or
Alablaster
.
Another
Experience
there
is
of
Induration
by
Cold
,
which
is
already
found
;
which
is
,
that
Metalls
,
themselues
are
hardned
by
often
Heating
and
Quenching
in
Cold
Water
:
For
Cold
euer
worketh
most
potently
vpon
Heat
Precedene
.
For
Induration
by
Heat
it
must
be
considered
,
that
Heat
,
by
the
Exhaling
of
the
Moister
Parts
,
doth
either
harden
the
Body
;
As
in
Bricks
,
Tiles
,
&c.
Or
if
the
Heat
be
more
fierce
,
maketh
the
grosser
part
it selfe
,
Runne
and
Melt
;
As
in
the
making
of
ordinary
Glosse
;
And
in
the
Vitrification
of
Earth
,
(
As
wee
see
in
the
Inner
Parts
of
Farneces
;
)
And
in
the
Vitrification
of
Brick
;
And
of
Mettals
.
And
in
the
former
of
these
,
which
is
the
Hardening
by
baking
,
without
Melting
,
the
Heat
hath
these
degrees
;
First
it
Indurateth
;
and
then
maketh
Fragile
;
And
lastly
it
doth
Inciuerate
and
Calcinate
.
But
if
you
desire
to
make
an
Induration
with
Toughnesse
,
and
lesse
Fragility
;
A
middle
way
would
be
taken
;
Which
is
that
which
Artistotle
hath
well
noted
;
But
would
be
throughly
verified
.
It
is
,
to
decoct
Bodies
in
water
,
for
two
or
three
dayes
;
But
they
must
bee
such
Bodies
,
into
which
the
Water
will
not
enter
;
As
Stone
,
and
Metall
.
For
if
they
be
Bodies
into
which
the
Water
will
enter
,
then
long
Seething
,
will
rather
Soften
than
indurate
them
.
As
hath
beene
tried
in
Eggs
&c.
Therefore
,
Softer
Bodies
must
be
put
into
Bottles
;
And
the
Bottles
hung
into
Water
seething
,
with
the
mouths
open
,
aboue
the
Water
;
that
no
Water
may
get
in
;
For
by
this
Meaues
,
the
virtuall
Heat
of
the
Water
will
enter
;
And
such
a
Heat
,
as
will
not
make
the
Body
adust
,
or
fragile
;
But
the
Substance
of
the
Water
will
be
shut
out
.
This
Experiment
wee
made
;
And
it
sorted
thus
.
It
was
tried
with
a
Peece
of
Free-stone
,
and
with
Pewter
,
put
into
the
Water
at
large
.
The
Free-stone
we
found
receiued
in
some
water
;
For
it
was
softer
,
and
easier
to
scrape
,
then
a
peece
of
the
same
Stone
kept
drie
.
But
the
Pewter
into
which
no
water
could
enter
,
became
more
white
,
and
liker
to
Siluer
,
and
lesse
flexible
,
by
much
.
There
were
also
put
into
an
Earthen
Bottle
,
placed
as
before
,
a
good
Pellet
of
Clay
,
a
Peece
of
Cheese
,
a
Peece
of
Chalke
,
and
a
Peece
of
Free-stone
.
The
Clay
,
came
forth
almost
of
the
Hardnesse
of
Stone
;
The
Cheese
likewise
very
hard
,
and
not
well
to
be
cut
:
The
Chalke
and
the
Free-stone
much
harder
than
they
were
.
The
colour
of
the
Clay
inclined
not
a
whit
to
the
Colour
of
Bricke
,
but
rather
to
white
,
as
in
ordinary
Drying
by
the
Sunne
.
Note
,
that
all
the
former
Trialls
were
made
by
a
Boyling
vpon
a
good
hot
Fire
,
renewing
the
water
as
it
consumed
,
with
other
hot
water
;
But
the
Boyling
was
but
for
twelue
houres
onely
;
And
it
is
like
that
the
Experiment
would
haue
beene
more
effectuall
,
if
the
Boyling
had
beene
for
two
or
three
daies
,
as
we
prescribed
before
.
As
touching
Assimilation
,
(
for
there
is
a
degree
of
Assimilation
euen
in
Inanimate
bodies
)
wee
see
Examples
of
it
in
some
Stones
in
Clay-Grounds
,
lying
neare
to
the
top
of
the
Earth
,
where
Pebble
is
;
In
which
you
may
manifestly
see
diuers
Pebbles
gathered
together
,
and
a
Crust
of
Cement
or
Stone
betweene
them
,
as
hard
as
the
Pebbles
themselues
:
And
it
were
good
to
make
a
Triall
of
purpose
,
by
taking
Clay
,
and
putting
in
it
diuers
Pebble-Stones
,
thicke
set
,
to
see
whether
in
continuance
of
time
,
it
will
not
be
harder
then
other
Clay
of
the
same
lump
,
in
which
no
Pebbles
are
set
.
Wee
see
also
in
Ruines
of
old
Walls
,
especially
towards
the
bottome
,
the
Morter
will
become
as
hard
as
the
Brick
;
wee
see
also
,
that
the
Wood
on
the
sides
of
Vessles
of
Wine
,
gathereth
a
Crust
of
Tartar
,
harder
then
the
wood
it selfe
;
And
Scales
likewise
grow
to
the
Teeth
,
harder
then
the
Teeth
themselues
.
Most
of
all
,
Induration
by
Assimilation
appeareth
in
the
Bodies
of
Trees
,
and
liuing
Creatures
:
For
no
Nourishment
that
the
Tree
receiueth
,
or
that
the
liuing
Creature
receiueth
,
is
so
hard
as
Wood
,
Bone
,
or
Horne
,
&c.
but
is
Indurated
after
by
Assimilation
.
The
Eye
of
the
vnderstanding
,
is
like
the
Eye
of
the
Sense
:
For
as
you
may
see
great
Obiects
through
small
Crannies
,
or
Leuells
,
So
you
may
see
great
Axiomes
of
Nature
,
through
small
and
Contemptible
Instances
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
the
Version
of
water
into
Aire
.
The
Speedy
Depredation
of
Aire
vpon
watry
Moisture
,
and
Version
of
the
same
into
Aire
,
appeareth
in
nothing
more
visible
,
than
in
the
sudden
Discharge
,
or
vanishing
,
of
a
little
Cloud
of
Breath
,
or
Vapour
,
from
Glasse
,
or
the
Blade
of
a
Sword
,
or
any
such
Polished
Body
;
Such
as
doth
not
at
all
Detaine
,
or
Imbibe
the
Moisture
;
For
the
Mistinesse
scattereth
and
breaketh
vp
suddenly
.
But
the
like
Cloud
,
if
it
were
Oyly
,
or
Fatty
,
will
not
discharge
;
Not
because
it
sticketh
faster
;
But
because
Aire
preyeth
vpon
Water
;
And
Flame
,
and
Fire
,
vpon
Oyle
;
And
therefore
,
to
take
out
a
Spot
of
Grease
,
they
vse
a
Coale
vpon
browne
Paper
;
because
Fire
worketh
vpon
Grease
,
or
Oyle
,
as
Aire
doth
vpon
Water
.
And
we
see
Paper
oyled
,
or
Wood
oyled
,
or
the
like
last
long
moist
;
but
Wet
with
Water
,
drie
,
or
putrifie
sooner
,
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
Aire
meddleth
little
with
the
Moisture
of
Oyle
.
There
is
an
Admirable
demonstration
,
in
the
same
trifling
Instance
of
the
little
Cloud
vpon
Glasse
,
or
Gemmes
or
Blades
of
Swords
,
of
the
Force
of
Vnion
,
euen
in
the
least
Quantities
,
and
weakest
Bodies
,
how
much
it
Conduceth
to
Preseruation
of
the
present
Forme
;
And
the
Resisting
of
a
New
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
the
Force
of
Vnion
.
For
marke
well
the
discharge
of
that
Cloud
;
And
you
shall
see
it
euer
breake
vp
,
first
in
the
Skirts
,
and
last
in
the
middest
.
We
see
likewise
,
that
much
Water
draweth
forth
the
Iuyce
of
the
Body
Infused
;
But
little
water
,
is
imbibed
by
the
Body
:
And
this
is
a
Principall
Cause
,
why
in
Operation
vpon
Bodies
,
for
their
Version
or
Alteration
,
the
Triall
in
great
Quantities
,
doth
not
answer
the
Triall
in
small
;
And
so
deceiueth
many
;
For
that
(
I
say
)
the
greater
Body
,
resisteth
more
any
Alteration
of
Forme
,
and
requireth
farre
greater
Strength
in
the
Actiue
Body
,
that
should
subdue
it
.
We
haue
spoken
before
,
in
the
fifth
Instance
,
of
the
Cause
of
Orient
Colours
,
in
Birds
;
which
is
by
the
Finenesse
of
the
Strainer
;
we
will
now
endeuour
to
reduce
the
same
Axione
to
a
Worke.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
the
Producing
of
Feathers
and
Haires
of
diuers
Colours
.
For
this
Writing
of
our
Sylue
Syluerum
,
is
(
to
speake
properly
)
not
Neturall
History
,
but
a
high
kinde
of
Naturall
Magicke
.
For
it
is
not
a
Description
only
of
Nature
,
but
a
Breaking
of
Nature
,
into
great
and
strange
Workes
.
Trie
therefore
,
the
Anointing
ouer
of
Pigeons
,
or
other
Birds
,
when
they
are
but
in
their
downe
;
Or
of
Whelps
,
cutting
their
Haire
as
short
as
may
be
;
Or
of
some
other
Beast
;
with
some
oyntment
,
that
is
not
hurtfull
to
the
Flesh
;
And
that
will
harden
,
and
sticke
very
close
;
And
see
whether
it
will
not
alter
the
Colours
of
the
Feathers
,
or
Haire
.
It
is
receiued
,
that
the
Pulling
off
,
the
first
Feathers
of
Birds
,
cleane
,
will
make
the
new
come
forth
white
:
And
it
is
certaine
,
that
White
is
a
penurious
Colour
,
&
where
Moisture
is
scant
.
So
Blew
Violets
,
&
other
Flowers
,
if
they
be
starued
,
turne
Pale
and
White
;
Birds
,
and
Horses
,
by
Age
,
or
Scarres
,
turne
white
:
And
the
Hoare
Haires
of
Men
,
come
by
the
same
reason
,
And
therefore
in
Birds
,
it
is
very
likely
,
that
the
Feathers
that
come
first
,
will
be
many
times
of
diuers
Colours
,
according
to
the
Nature
of
the
Bird
;
For
that
the
Skin
is
more
porous
;
But
when
the
Skin
is
more
shut
,
and
close
,
the
Feathers
will
come
White
.
This
is
a
good
Experiment
,
not
only
for
the
Producing
of
Birds
,
and
Beasts
of
strange
Colours
;
but
also
,
for
the
Disclosure
of
the
Nature
of
Colours
themselues
;
which
of
them
require
a
finer
Porositie
,
and
which
a
grosser
.
It
is
a
worke
of
Prouidence
,
that
hath
beene
truly
obserued
by
some
;
That
the
Yolke
of
the
Egge
,
conduceth
little
to
the
Generation
of
the
Bird
;
But
onely
to
the
Nourishment
of
the
same
:
For
if
a
Chicken
be
opened
,
when
it
is
new
hatched
;
you
shall
finde
much
of
the
Yolke
remaining
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
the
Nourishment
of
Liuing
Creatures
before
they
be
brought
forth
.
And
it
is
needfull
,
that
Birds
,
that
are
shaped
without
the
Females
Wombe
;
haue
in
the
Egge
,
as
well
Matter
of
Nourishment
,
as
Matter
of
generation
for
the
Body
.
For
after
the
Egge
is
laid
,
and
seuered
from
the
Body
of
the
Hen
;
It
hath
no
more
Nourishment
from
the
Hen
;
But
onely
a
quickening
Heat
when
shee
sitteth
.
But
Beasts
,
and
Men
need
not
the
matter
of
Nourishment
within
themselues
;
Because
they
are
shaped
within
the
Wombe
of
the
Female
,
and
are
Nourished
continually
from
her
Body
.
It
is
an
Inueterate
and
receiued
Opinion
,
that
Cantharides
applyed
to
any
Part
of
the
Body
,
touch
the
Bladder
,
and
exulcerate
it
,
if
they
stay
on
long
.
Experiments
in
Consort
touching
Sympathy
and
Antipathy
for
Medicinall
vse
.
It
is
likewise
Receiued
,
that
a
kinde
of
Stone
,
which
they
bring
out
of
the
West
Indies
,
hath
a
peculiar
force
to
moue
Grauell
,
and
to
dissolue
the
Stone
;
In
so
much
,
as
laid
but
to
the
wrest
,
it
hath
so
forcibly
sent
downe
Grauell
,
as
Men
haue
beene
glad
to
remoue
it
;
It
was
so
violent
.
It
is
receiued
and
confirmed
by
daily
Experience
,
that
the
Soales
of
the
Feet
haue
great
Affinity
with
the
Head
,
and
the
Mouth
of
the
Stomach
:
As
we
see
,
Going
wet-shod
,
to
those
that
vse
it
not
,
affecteth
both
:
Applications
of
hot
Powders
to
the
Feet
attenuate
first
,
and
after
drie
the
Rheume
:
And
therefore
a
Physitian
,
that
would
be
Mysticall
,
prescribeth
,
for
the
Cure
of
the
Rheume
,
that
a
Man
should
walke
Continually
vpon
a
Camomill
Alley
;
Meaning
,
that
he
should
put
Camomill
within
his
Sockes
.
Likewise
Pigeons
bleeding
,
applyed
to
the
Soales
of
the
Feet
,
ease
the
Head
:
And
Soporiferous
Medicines
applied
vnto
them
,
prouoke
Sleepe
.
It
seemeth
,
that
as
the
Feet
haue
a
Sympathy
with
the
Head
;
So
the
Wrests
and
Hands
,
haue
a
Sympathy
with
the
Heart
;
We
see
the
Affects
and
Passions
of
the
Heart
,
and
Spirits
,
are
notably
disclosed
by
the
Pulse
:
And
it
is
often
tried
,
that
Iuyces
of
Stock-Gilly-Flowers
,
Rose-Campian
,
Garlicke
,
and
other
things
;
applied
to
the
Wrests
,
and
renewed
;
haue
cured
long
Agues
.
And
I
conceiue
,
that
washing
with
certaine
Liquours
,
the
Palmes
of
the
Hands
,
doth
much
good
:
And
they
doe
well
in
Heats
of
Agues
,
to
hold
in
the
Hands
,
Egges
of
Alablaster
,
and
Balls
of
Crystall
.
Of
these
things
we
shall
speake
more
,
when
we
handle
the
Title
of
Sympathy
and
Antipathy
,
in
the
proper
Place
.
The
Knowledge
of
man
(
hitherto
)
hath
beene
determined
by
the
View
,
or
Sight
;
So
that
whatsoeuer
is
Inuisible
,
either
in
respect
of
the
Finenesse
of
the
Body
it selfe
;
Or
the
Smallnesse
of
the
Parts
;
Or
of
the
Subtilty
of
the
Motion
;
is
little
inquired
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
the
Secret
Processes
of
Nature
.
And
yet
these
be
the
Things
that
Gouerne
Nature
Principally
;
And
without
which
,
you
cannot
make
any
true
Analysis
and
Indication
of
the
Proceedings
of
Nature
.
The
Spirits
or
Pneumaticals
,
that
are
in
all
Tangible
Bodies
,
are
searce
knowne
.
Sometimes
they
take
them
for
Vacuum
;
wheras
they
are
the
most
Actiue
of
Bodies
.
Sometimes
they
take
them
for
Aire
;
From
which
they
differ
exceedingly
,
as
much
as
Wine
from
Water
;
And
as
Wood
from
Earth
.
Sometimes
they
will
haue
them
to
be
Naturall
Heat
,
or
a
Portion
of
the
Element
of
Fire
;
Wheras
some
of
them
are
crude
,
and
cold
.
And
Sometimes
they
will
haue
them
to
be
the
Vertues
and
Qualities
of
the
Tangible
Parts
,
which
they
see
;
whereas
they
are
Things
by
themselues
.
And
then
,
when
they
come
to
Plants
and
liuing
Creatures
,
they
call
them
Soules
.
And
such
Superficiall
Speculations
they
haue
;
Like
Prospectiues
,
that
shew
things
inward
,
when
they
are
but
Paintings
.
Neither
is
this
a
Question
of
Words
,
but
infinitely
materiall
in
Nature
.
For
Spirits
are
nothing
else
but
a
Naturall
Body
,
rarified
to
a
Proportion
,
&
included
in
the
Tangible
Parts
of
Bodies
,
as
in
an
Integument
.
And
they
be
no
lesse
differing
one
from
the
other
,
than
the
Dense
or
Tangible
Parts
:
And
they
are
in
all
Tangible
Bodies
whatsoeuer
,
more
or
lesse
:
And
they
are
neuer
(
almost
)
at
rest
:
And
from
them
,
and
their
Motions
,
principally
proceed
Arefaction
,
Colliquation
,
Concoction
,
Maturation
,
Putrefaction
,
Viuification
,
and
most
of
the
Effects
of
Nature
:
For
,
as
we
haue
figured
them
in
our
Sapientiâ
Veterum
,
in
the
Fable
of
Proserpina
,
you
shall
in
the
Infernall
Regiment
heare
little
Doings
of
Pluto
,
but
most
of
proserpina
:
For
Tangible
Parts
in
Bodies
are
Stupide
things
;
And
the
Spirits
doe
(
in
effect
)
all
.
As
for
the
differences
of
Tangible
Parts
in
Bodies
,
the
industry
of
the
Chymists
hath
giuen
some
light
,
in
discerning
by
their
Separations
,
the
Oily
,
Crude
,
Pure
,
Impure
,
Fine
,
grosse
Parts
of
Bodies
,
and
the
like
.
And
the
Physitians
are
content
to
acknowledge
,
that
Herbs
,
and
Drugs
haue
diuers
parts
;
As
that
Opiums
hath
a
Stupefactiue
Part
,
and
a
Heating
Part
;
The
one
mouing
Sleepe
,
the
other
a
Sweat
following
;
And
that
Rubarb
hath
Purging
Parts
,
and
Astringent
Parts
,
&c.
But
this
whole
Inquisition
is
weakly
and
Negligently
handled
.
And
for
the
more
subtill
differences
of
the
Minute
Parts
,
and
the
Posture
of
them
in
the
Body
,
(
which
also
hath
great
Effects
)
they
are
not
at
all
touched
:
As
for
the
Motions
of
the
Minute
Parts
of
Bodies
,
which
doe
so
great
Effects
,
they
haue
not
beene
obserued
at
all
;
because
they
are
Inuisible
,
and
incurre
not
to
the
Eye
;
but
yet
they
are
to
be
deprehended
by
Experience
:
As
Democritus
said
well
,
when
they
charged
him
to
hold
,
that
the
World
was
made
of
such
little
Moats
,
as
were
seene
in
the
Sunne
;
Atomus
(
saith
he
)
necessitate
Rationis
&
Experientia
esse
connincitur
;
Atomum
enim
nemo
vnquam
vidit
.
And
therefore
the
Tumult
in
the
parts
of
Solide
Bodies
,
when
they
are
compressed
,
which
is
the
Cause
of
all
Flight
of
Bodies
thorow
the
Aire
,
and
of
other
Mechanicall
Motions
,
(
as
hath
beene
partly
touched
before
,
and
shall
be
throughly
handled
in
due
place
,
)
is
not
seene
at
all
.
But
neuerthelesse
,
if
you
know
it
not
,
or
enquire
it
not
attentiuely
and
diligently
,
you
shall
neuer
be
able
to
discerne
,
and
much
lesse
to
produce
,
a
Number
of
Mechanicall
Motions
.
Againe
,
as
to
the
Motions
Corporall
,
within
the
Enclosures
of
Bodies
,
wherby
effects
(
which
were
mentioned
before
)
passe
betweene
the
Spirits
,
and
the
Tangible
Parts
;
(
which
are
,
Arefaction
,
Colliquation
,
Concoction
,
Maturation
,
&c.
)
they
are
not
at
all
handled
.
But
they
are
put
off
by
the
Names
of
Vertues
,
and
Natures
,
and
Actions
,
and
Passions
,
and
such
other
Logicall
Words
.
It
is
certaine
,
that
all
Powers
in
Nature
,
Heat
is
the
chiefe
;
both
in
the
Frame
of
Nature
,
and
in
the
workes
of
Art
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
the
Power
of
Heat
.
Certaine
it
is
likewise
,
that
the
Effects
of
Heat
,
are
most
aduanced
,
when
it
worketh
vpon
a
Body
,
without
losse
or
dissipation
of
the
Matter
;
for
that
euer
betrayeth
the
Account
.
And
therefore
it
is
true
,
that
the
power
of
Heat
is
best
perceiued
in
Distillations
,
which
are
performed
in
close
Vessels
,
and
Receptacles
.
But
yet
there
is
a
higher
Degree
;
For
howsoeuer
Distillations
doe
keepe
the
Body
in
Cells
,
and
Cloisters
,
without
Going
abroad
;
yet
they
giue
space
vnto
Bodies
to
turne
into
Vapour
;
To
returne
into
Liquour
;
And
to
Separate
one
part
from
another
.
So
as
Nature
doth
Expatiate
,
although
it
hath
not
full
Liberty
:
wherby
the
true
and
Vltime
Operations
of
Heat
are
not
attained
.
But
if
Bodies
may
be
altered
by
Heat
,
and
yet
no
such
Reciprocation
of
Rarefaction
,
and
of
Condensation
,
and
of
Separation
,
admitted
;
then
it
is
like
that
this
Proteus
of
Matter
,
being
held
by
the
Sleeues
,
will
turne
and
change
into
many
Metaworphoses
.
Take
therefore
a
Square
Vessell
of
Iron
,
in
forme
of
a
Cube
,
and
let
it
haue
good
thicke
and
strong
Sides
.
Put
into
it
a
Cube
of
Wood
,
that
may
fill
it
as
close
as
may
be
;
And
let
it
haue
a
Couer
of
Iron
,
as
strong
(
at
least
)
as
the
Sides
;
And
let
it
be
well
Luted
,
after
the
manner
of
the
Chymists
.
Then
place
the
Vessell
within
burning
Coales
,
kept
quicke
kindled
,
for
some
few
houres
space
.
Then
take
the
Vessell
from
the
Fire
,
and
take
off
the
Couer
,
and
see
what
is
become
of
the
Wood.
I
conceiue
that
since
all
Inflammation
,
and
Euaporation
are
vtterly
prohibited
,
and
the
Body
still
turned
vpon
it Selfe
,
that
one
of
these
two
Effects
will
follow
:
Either
that
the
Body
of
the
Wood
will
be
turned
into
a
kinde
of
Amalgama
,
Amalgama
(
as
the
Chymists
call
it
;
)
Or
that
the
Finer
Part
will
bee
turned
into
Aire
,
and
the
Grosser
sticke
as
it
were
baked
,
and
incrustate
vpon
the
Sides
of
the
Vessell
;
being
become
of
a
Denser
Matter
,
than
the
Wood
it selfe
,
Crude
.
And
for
another
Triall
,
take
also
Water
,
and
put
it
in
the
like
Vessell
,
stopped
as
before
;
But
vse
a
gentler
Heat
,
and
remoue
the
vessell
sometimes
from
the
Fire
;
And
againe
,
after
some
small
time
,
when
it
is
Cold
,
renue
the
Heating
of
it
:
And
repeat
this
Aloeration
some
few
times
:
And
if
you
can
once
bring
to
passe
,
that
the
Water
,
which
is
one
of
the
Simplest
of
Bodies
,
be
changed
in
Colour
,
Odour
,
or
Taste
,
after
the
manner
of
Compound
Bodies
,
you
may
be
sure
that
there
is
a
great
Worke
wrought
in
Nature
,
and
a
Notable
Entrance
made
into
strange
Changes
of
Bodies
,
and
productions
:
And
also
a
Way
made
,
to
doe
that
by
Fire
,
in
small
time
,
which
the
Sunne
and
Age
do
in
long
time
.
But
of
the
Admirable
Effects
of
this
Distillation
in
Close
,
(
for
so
we
will
call
it
)
which
is
like
the
Wombes
and
Matrices
of
liuing
creatures
,
where
nothing
Expireth
,
nor
Separateth
;
We
will
speake
fully
,
in
the
due
place
;
Not
that
we
Aime
at
the
making
of
Paracelsus
Pigmey's
;
Or
any
such
Prodigious
Follies
;
But
that
we
know
the
Effects
of
Heat
will
be
such
,
as
will
scarce
fall
vnder
the
Conceit
of
Man
;
If
the
force
of
it
be
altogether
kept
in
.
There
is
nothing
more
Certaine
in
Nature
,
than
that
it
is
impossible
for
any
Body
,
to
be
vtterly
Annibilated
;
But
that
,
as
it
was
the
worke
of
the
Omnipotency
of
God
,
to
make
Somewhat
of
Nothing
;
So
it
requireth
the
like
Omnipotency
,
to
turne
Somewhat
into
Nothing
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
the
Impossibility
of
Annibilation
.
And
therefore
it
is
well
said
,
by
an
Obscure
Writer
of
the
Sect
of
the
Chymists
;
That
there
is
no
such
way
to
effect
the
Strange
Transmutations
of
Bodies
,
as
to
endeuour
and
vrge
by
all
meanes
,
the
Reducing
of
them
to
Nothing
.
And
herein
is
contained
also
a
great
Secret
of
Preseruation
of
Bodies
from
Change
;
For
if
you
can
prohibit
,
that
they
neither
turne
into
Aire
,
because
no
Aire
commeth
to
them
;
Not
goe
into
the
Bodies
Adiacent
,
because
they
are
vtterly
Heterogeneall
;
Nor
make
a
Round
and
Circulation
within
themselues
;
they
will
neuer
change
,
though
they
be
in
their
Nature
neuer
so
Perishable
,
or
Mutable
.
We
see
,
how
Flies
,
and
Spiders
,
and
the
like
,
get
a
Sepulcher
in
Amber
,
more
Durable
,
than
the
Monument
,
and
Embalming
of
the
Body
of
any
King
.
And
I
conceiue
the
like
will
be
of
Bodies
put
into
Quick-siluer
.
But
then
they
must
be
but
thinne
;
As
a
leafe
,
or
a
peece
of
Paper
,
or
Parchment
;
For
if
they
haue
a
greater
Crassitude
,
they
will
alter
in
their
owne
Body
,
though
they
spend
not
.
But
of
this
,
We
shall
speake
more
,
when
we
handle
the
Title
of
Conseruation
of
Bodies
.
NATVRALL
HISTORIE
.
II.
Century
.
MVSICKE
in
the
Practise
,
hath
bin
well
pursued
;
And
in
good
Variety
;
But
in
the
Theory
,
and
especially
in
the
Yeelding
of
the
Causes
of
the
Practique
,
very
weakly
;
Being
reduced
into
certaine
Mysticall
Subtilties
,
of
no
vse
,
and
not
much
Truth
.
Experiments
in
Consort
touching
Musicke
.
We
shall
therefore
,
after
our
manner
,
ioyne
the
Contemplatiue
and
Actiue
Part
together
.
All
Sounds
,
are
either
Musicall
Sounds
,
which
we
call
Tones
;
Wherunto
there
may
be
an
Harmony
;
which
Sounds
are
euer
Equall
;
As
Singing
,
the
Sounds
of
Stringed
,
and
Wind-Instruments
,
the
Ringing
of
Bells
,
&c.
Or
Immusicall
Sounds
;
which
are
euer
Vnequall
;
Such
as
are
the
Voice
in
Speaking
,
all
Whisperings
,
all
Voices
of
Beasts
,
and
Birds
,
(
except
they
bee
Singing
Birds
;
)
all
Percussions
,
of
Stones
,
Wood
,
Parchment
,
Skins
(
as
in
Drummes
;
)
and
infinite
others
.
The
Sounds
that
produce
Tones
,
are
euer
from
such
Bodies
,
as
are
in
their
Parts
and
Pores
Equall
;
As
well
as
the
Sounds
themselues
are
Equall
;
And
such
are
the
Percussions
of
Metall
,
as
in
Bells
;
Of
Glasse
,
as
in
the
Fillipping
of
a
Drinking
Glasse
;
Of
Aire
,
as
in
Mens
voices
whilest
they
Sing
,
in
Pipes
,
Whistles
,
Organs
,
Stringed
Instruments
,
&c.
And
of
Water
;
as
in
the
Nightingale-Pipes
of
Regalls
,
or
Organs
,
and
other
Hydranlickes
;
which
the
Ancients
had
,
and
Nere
did
so
much
esteeme
,
but
are
now
lost
.
And
if
any
Man
thinke
,
that
the
String
of
the
Bowe
,
and
the
String
of
the
Viall
,
are
neither
of
them
Equall
Bodies
;
And
yet
produce
Tones
;
he
is
in
an
errour
.
For
the
Sound
is
not
created
between
the
Bowe
or
Plectrum
,
and
the
String
;
But
between
the
String
and
the
Aire
;
No
more
then
it
is
between
the
Finger
or
Quill
,
and
the
String
,
in
other
Instruments
.
So
there
are
(
in
effect
)
but
three
Percussions
that
create
Tones
;
Percussions
of
Metalls
,
(
comprehending
Glasse
,
and
the
like
;
)
Percussions
of
Aire
;
and
Percussions
of
Water
.
The
Diapason
or
Eight
in
Musicke
is
the
sweetest
Concord
;
Insomuch
,
as
it
is
in
effect
an
Vnison
;
As
we
see
in
Lutes
,
that
are
strung
in
the
Base
Strings
with
two
strings
,
one
an
Eight
aboue
another
;
Which
make
but
as
one
Sound
.
And
euery
Eighth
Note
in
Ascent
,
(
as
from
Eight
to
Fifteene
:
from
Fifteene
to
twenty
two
,
and
so
in
infinitum
,
)
are
but
Scales
of
Diapason
.
The
Cause
is
darke
,
and
hath
not
beene
rendred
by
any
;
And
therfore
would
be
better
contemplated
.
It
seemeth
that
Aire
,
(
which
is
the
Subiect
of
Sounds
)
in
Sounds
that
are
not
Tones
,
(
which
are
all
vnequall
,
as
hath
beene
said
)
admitteth
much
Varietie
;
As
wee
see
in
the
Voices
of
Liuing
Creatures
;
And
likewise
in
the
Voices
of
seuerall
Men
;
(
for
we
are
capable
to
discerne
seuerall
Men
by
their
Voices
;
)
And
in
the
Coniugation
of
Letters
,
whence
Articulate
Sounds
proceed
;
Which
of
all
others
are
most
various
.
But
in
the
Sounds
which
we
call
Tones
,
(
that
are
euer
Equall
)
the
Aire
is
not
able
to
cast
it selfe
into
any
such
varietie
;
But
is
forced
to
recurre
into
one
and
the
same
Posture
or
Figure
,
onely
differing
in
Greatnesse
and
Smalnesse
.
So
we
see
Figures
may
be
made
of
lines
,
Crooked
and
Straight
,
in
infinite
Varietie
,
where
there
is
Inequalitie
;
But
Circles
,
or
Squares
,
or
Triangles
Equilaterall
,
(
which
are
all
Figures
,
of
Equall
lines
)
can
differ
but
in
Greater
,
or
Lesser
.
It
is
to
be
noted
(
the
rather
left
any
Man
should
thinke
,
that
there
is
any
thing
in
this
Number
of
Eight
,
to
create
the
Diapason
)
,
that
this
Computation
of
Eight
,
is
a
thing
rather
receiued
,
than
any
true
Computation
.
For
a
true
Computation
ought
euer
to
bee
,
by
Distribution
into
equall
Portions
.
Now
there
be
interuenient
in
the
Rise
of
Eight
(
in
Tones
)
two
Beemolls
,
or
Halfe-notes
;
So
as
if
you
diuide
the
Tones
equally
,
the
Eight
is
but
Seuen
whole
and
equall
Notes
;
And
if
you
subdiuide
that
into
Halfe
Notes
,
(
as
it
is
in
the
Stops
of
a
Lute
)
,
it
maketh
the
Number
of
thirteene
.
Yet
this
true
;
That
in
the
ordinary
Rises
and
Falles
of
the
Voice
of
Man
,
(
not
measuring
the
Tone
by
whole
Notes
,
and
halfe
Notes
,
which
is
the
Equall
Measure
;
)
there
fall
out
to
be
two
Beemols
(
as
hath
beene
said
)
betweene
the
Vnison
and
the
Diapason
:
And
this
Varying
is
naturall
.
For
if
a
Man
would
endeuour
to
raise
or
fall
his
Voice
,
still
by
Halfe-Notes
,
like
the
Stops
of
a
Lute
;
or
by
whole
Notes
alone
,
without
Halfes
;
as
farre
as
an
Eight
;
he
will
not
be
able
to
frame
his
Voice
vnto
it
.
Which
sheweth
,
that
after
euery
three
whole
Notes
Nature
requireth
,
for
all
Harmonicall
vse
,
one
halfe
Note
to
be
interposed
.
It
is
to
be
considered
,
that
whatsoeuer
Vertue
is
in
Numbers
,
for
Conducing
to
Concent
of
Notes
,
is
rather
to
bee
ascribed
to
the
Ante-Number
,
than
to
the
Entire
Number
;
As
namely
,
that
the
Sound
retarneth
after
Six
,
or
after
Twelue
;
So
that
the
Seuenth
,
or
the
Thirteenth
,
is
not
the
Matter
,
but
the
Sixth
,
or
the
Twelfth
;
And
the
Seuenth
and
the
Thirteenth
are
but
the
limits
and
Boundaries
of
the
returne
.
The
Concords
in
Musick
which
are
Perfect
,
or
Semiperfect
,
betweene
the
Vnison
,
and
the
Diapason
,
are
the
Fifth
,
which
is
the
most
Perfect
;
the
Third
next
;
And
the
Sixth
which
is
more
harsh
:
And
as
the
Ancients
esteemed
,
and
so
doe
my selfe
and
some
Other
yet
,
the
Fourth
which
they
call
Diatessaron
.
As
for
the
Tenth
,
Twelfth
,
Thirteenth
,
and
so
in
infinitum
;
they
be
but
Recurrences
of
the
Former
;
viz.
of
the
Third
,
the
Fifth
,
and
the
Sixth
;
being
an
Eight
respectiuely
from
them
.
For
Discords
,
the
Second
,
and
the
Seuenth
,
are
of
all
others
the
most
odious
,
in
Harmony
,
to
the
Sense
;
whereof
the
One
is
next
aboue
the
Vnison
,
the
Other
next
vnder
the
Diapason
:
which
may
shew
,
that
Harmony
requireth
a
competent
distance
of
Notes
.
In
Harmony
,
if
there
be
not
a
Discord
to
the
Base
,
it
doth
not
disturbe
the
Harmony
,
though
there
be
a
Discord
to
the
Higher
Parts
;
So
the
Discord
be
not
of
the
Two
that
are
Odious
;
And
therfore
the
ordinary
Concent
of
Foure
Parts
consisteth
of
an
Eight
,
a
Fifth
,
and
a
Third
to
the
Base
:
But
that
Fifth
is
a
Fourth
to
the
Treble
,
and
the
Third
is
a
Sixth
.
And
the
Cause
is
,
for
that
the
Base
striking
more
Aire
,
doth
ouercome
and
drowne
the
Treble
.
(
vnlesse
the
Discord
be
very
Odious
;
)
And
so
hideth
a
small
Imperfection
.
For
we
see
,
that
in
one
of
the
lower
Strings
of
a
Lute
,
there
soundeth
not
the
Sound
of
the
Treble
,
not
any
Mixt
Sound
,
but
onely
the
Sound
of
the
Base
.
We
haue
no
Musicke
of
Quarter-Notes
;
And
it
may
be
,
they
are
not
capable
of
Harmony
;
For
we
see
the
Halfe-Notes
themselues
doe
but
interpose
sometimes
.
Neuerthelesse
we
haue
some
Slides
,
or
Relishes
,
of
the
Voice
,
or
Strings
,
as
it
were
continued
without
Notes
,
from
one
Tone
to
another
,
rising
or
falling
,
which
are
delightfull
.
The
Causes
of
that
which
is
Pleasing
,
or
Ingrate
to
the
Hearing
,
may
receiue
light
by
that
,
which
is
Pleasing
or
Ingrate
to
the
Sight
.
There
be
two
Things
Pleasing
to
the
Sight
,
(
leauing
Pictures
,
and
Shapes
aside
,
which
are
but
Secondary
Obiects
;
And
please
or
displease
but
in
Memory
;
)
these
two
are
,
Colours
,
and
Order
.
The
Pleasing
of
Colour
symbolizeth
with
the
Pleasing
of
any
Single
Tone
to
the
Eare
;
But
the
Pleasing
of
Order
doth
symbolize
with
Harmony
.
And
therfore
we
see
in
Garden-knots
,
and
the
Frets
of
Houses
,
and
all
equall
and
well-answering
Figures
,
(
as
Globes
,
Pyramides
,
Cones
,
Cylinders
,
&c.
)
how
they
please
;
whereas
Vnequall
Figures
are
but
Deformities
.
And
both
these
Pleasures
,
that
of
the
Eye
,
and
that
of
the
Eare
,
are
but
the
Effects
of
Equality
;
Good
Proportion
,
or
Correspondence
:
So
that
(
out
of
Question
,
)
Equality
,
and
Correspondence
,
are
the
Causes
of
Harmony
.
But
to
finde
the
Proportion
of
that
Correspondence
,
is
more
abstruse
;
wherof
notwithstanding
we
shall
speake
somewhat
,
(
when
we
handle
Tones
,
)
in
the
generall
Enquiry
of
Sounds
.
Tones
are
not
so
apt
altogether
to
procure
Sleep
,
as
some
other
Sounds
;
As
the
Wind
,
the
Purling
of
Water
,
Humming
of
Bees
,
a
Sweet
Voice
of
one
that
readeth
,
&c.
The
Cause
whereof
is
,
for
that
Tones
,
because
they
are
Equall
,
and
slide
not
,
doe
more
strike
and
erect
the
Sense
,
than
the
other
.
And
Ouermuch
Attention
hindreth
Sleepe
.
There
be
in
Musick
certaine
Figures
,
or
Tropes
;
almost
agreeing
with
the
Figures
of
Rhetoricke
;
And
with
the
Affections
of
the
Minde
,
and
other
Senses
.
First
,
the
Diuision
and
Quauering
,
which
please
so
much
in
Musick
,
haue
an
Agreement
with
the
Glittering
of
Light
;
As
the
Moone-Beames
playing
vpon
a
Waue
.
Againe
,
the
Falling
from
a
Discord
to
a
Concord
,
which
maketh
great
Sweetnesse
in
Musick
,
hath
an
Agreement
with
the
Affections
,
which
are
reintegrated
to
the
better
,
after
some
dislikes
:
It
agreeth
also
with
the
Taste
,
which
is
soone
glutted
with
that
which
is
sweet
alone
.
The
Sliding
from
the
Close
or
Cadence
,
hath
an
Agreement
with
the
Figure
in
Rhetoricke
,
which
they
call
Praeter
Expectatum
;
For
there
is
a
Pleasure
euen
in
Being
deceined
.
The
Reports
,
and
Fuges
,
haue
an
Agreement
with
the
Figures
in
Rhetorick
,
of
Repetition
,
and
Traduction
.
The
Tripla's
,
and
Changing
of
Times
,
haue
an
Agreement
with
the
Changes
of
Motions
;
As
when
Galliard
Time
,
and
Measure
Time
,
are
in
the
Medley
of
one
Dance
.
It
hath
been
anciently
held
,
and
obserued
,
that
the
Sense
of
Hearing
,
and
the
Kinds
of
Musick
,
haue
most
Operation
vpon
Manners
;
As
to
Incourage
Men
,
and
make
them
warlike
;
To
make
them
Soft
and
Effeminate
;
To
make
them
Graue
;
To
make
them
Light
;
To
make
them
Gentle
and
inclined
to
Pitty
,
&c.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
the
Sense
of
Hearing
striketh
the
Spirits
more
immediatly
,
than
the
other
Senses
;
And
more
incorporeally
than
the
Smelling
:
For
the
Sight
,
Taste
,
and
Feeling
,
haue
their
Organs
,
not
of
so
present
and
immediate
Accesse
to
the
Spirits
,
as
the
Hearing
hath
.
And
as
for
the
Smelling
,
(
which
indeed
worketh
also
immediatly
vpon
the
Spirits
,
and
is
sorcible
while
the
Obiect
remaineth
,
)
it
is
with
a
Communication
of
the
Breath
,
or
Vapour
of
the
Obiect
Odorate
:
But
Harmony
entring
easily
,
and
Mingling
not
at
all
,
and
Comming
with
a
manifest
Motion
;
doth
by
Custome
of
often
Affecting
the
Spirits
,
and
Putting
them
into
one
kinde
of
Posture
,
alter
not
a
little
the
Nature
of
the
Spirits
,
euen
when
the
Obiect
is
remoued
.
And
therefore
we
see
,
that
Tunes
and
Aires
,
euen
in
their
owne
Nature
,
haue
in
themselues
some
Affinity
with
the
Affections
;
As
there
be
Merry
Tunes
,
Dolefull
Tunes
,
Solemne
Tunes
;
Tunes
inclining
Mens
mindes
to
Pitty
;
Warlike
Tunes
;
&c.
So
as
it
is
no
Maruell
,
if
they
alter
the
Spirits
;
considering
that
Tunes
haue
a
Predisposition
to
the
Motion
of
the
Spirits
in
themselues
.
But
yet
it
hath
been
noted
,
that
though
this
variety
of
Tunes
,
doth
dispose
the
Spirits
to
variety
of
Passions
,
conforme
vnto
them
;
yet
generally
,
Musick
feedeth
that
disposition
of
the
Spirits
which
it
findeth
.
We
see
also
that
seuerall
Aires
,
and
Tunes
,
doe
please
seuerall
Nations
,
and
Persons
,
according
to
the
Sympathy
they
haue
with
their
Spirits
.
Perspectiue
hath
been
with
some
diligence
inquired
;
And
so
hath
the
Nature
of
Sounds
,
in
some
sort
,
as
far
as
concerneth
Musick
.
Experiments
in
Consort
touching
Sounds
;
and
first
touching
the
Nullity
,
and
Entity
of
Sounds
.
But
the
Nature
of
Sounds
in
generall
,
hath
been
superficially
obserued
.
It
is
one
of
the
subrillest
Peeces
of
Nature
.
And
besides
,
I
practise
,
as
I
doe
aduise
;
which
is
,
after
long
Inquiry
of
Things
,
Immerse
in
Matter
,
to
interpose
some
Subiect
,
which
is
Immateriate
,
or
lesse
Materiate
;
Such
as
this
of
Sounds
;
To
the
end
,
that
the
Intellect
may
be
Rectified
,
and
become
not
Partiall
.
It
is
first
to
be
considered
,
what
Great
Motions
there
are
in
Natute
,
which
passe
without
Sound
,
or
Noise
.
The
Heauens
turne
about
,
in
a
most
rapide
Motion
,
without
Noise
to
vs
perceiued
;
Though
in
some
Dreames
they
haue
been
said
to
make
an
excellent
Musick
.
So
the
Motions
of
the
Comets
,
and
Fiery
Meteors
(
as
Stella
Cadens
,
&c.
)
yeeld
no
Noise
.
And
if
it
be
thought
,
that
it
is
the
Greatnesse
of
distance
from
vs
,
whereby
the
Sound
cannot
be
heard
;
We
see
that
Lightnings
,
and
Coruscations
,
which
are
neere
at
hand
,
yeeld
no
Sound
neither
.
And
yet
in
all
these
,
there
is
a
Percussion
and
Diuision
of
the
Aire
.
The
Windes
in
the
Vpper
Region
(
which
moue
the
Clouds
aboue
(
which
we
call
the
Racke
)
and
are
not
perceiued
below
)
passe
without
Noise
.
The
lower
Windes
in
a
Plaine
,
except
they
be
strong
,
make
no
Noise
;
But
amongst
Trees
,
the
Noise
,
of
such
Windes
will
be
perceiued
.
And
the
Windes
(
generally
)
when
they
make
a
Noise
,
doe
euer
make
it
vnequally
,
Rising
and
Falling
,
and
sometimes
(
when
they
are
vehement
,
)
Trembling
at
the
Height
of
their
Blast
.
Raine
,
or
Haile
falling
,
(
though
vehemently
,
)
yeeldeth
no
Noise
,
in
passing
through
the
Aire
,
till
it
fall
vpon
the
Ground
,
Water
,
Houses
,
or
the
like
.
Water
in
a
Riuer
(
though
a
swift
Streame
)
is
not
heard
in
the
Channell
,
but
runneth
in
Silence
,
if
it
be
of
any
depth
;
But
the
very
Streame
vpon
Shallowes
,
of
Grauell
,
or
Pebble
,
will
be
heard
.
And
Waters
,
when
they
beat
vpon
the
Shore
,
or
are
straitned
,
(
as
in
the
falls
of
Bridges
;
)
Or
are
dashed
against
themselues
,
by
Windes
,
giue
a
Roaring
Noise
.
Any
peece
of
Timber
,
or
Hard
Body
,
being
thrust
forwards
by
another
Body
Contiguous
,
without
knocking
,
giueth
no
Noise
.
And
so
Bodies
in
weighing
,
one
vpon
another
,
though
the
Vpper
Body
presse
the
lower
Body
downe
,
make
no
Noise
.
So
the
Motion
in
the
Minute
Parts
of
any
solide
Body
,
(
which
is
the
Principall
Cause
of
Violent
Motion
,
though
vnobserued
;
)
passeth
without
Sound
;
For
that
Sound
,
that
is
heard
sometimes
,
is
produced
onely
by
the
Breaking
of
the
Aire
;
And
not
by
the
Impulsion
of
the
Parts
.
So
it
is
manifest
;
That
where
the
Anteriour
Body
giueth
way
,
as
fast
as
the
Posteriour
commeth
on
,
it
maketh
no
Noise
;
be
the
Motion
neuer
so
great
,
or
swift
.
Aire
open
,
and
at
large
,
maketh
no
Noise
,
except
it
be
sharply
percussed
;
As
in
the
Sound
of
a
String
,
where
Aire
is
percussed
by
a
hard
,
and
stiffe
Body
;
And
with
a
sharp
loose
;
For
if
the
String
be
not
strained
,
it
maketh
no
Noise
.
But
where
the
Aire
is
pent
,
and
straitned
,
there
Breath
,
or
other
Blowing
,
(
which
carry
but
a
gentle
Percussion
,
)
suffice
to
create
Sound
;
As
in
Pipes
,
and
winde-Instruments
.
But
then
you
must
note
,
that
in
Recorders
,
which
goe
with
a
gentle
Breath
,
the
Concaue
of
the
Pipe
,
were
it
not
for
the
Fipple
,
that
straitneth
the
Aire
,
(
much
more
than
the
Simple
Concaue
;
)
would
yeeld
no
Sound
.
For
as
for
other
winde-Instruments
,
they
require
a
forcible
Breath
;
As
Trumpets
,
Cornets
,
Hunters-hornes
,
&c.
Which
appeareth
by
the
blowne-cheeks
of
him
that
windeth
them
.
Organs
also
are
blowne
with
a
strong
winde
,
by
the
Bellowes
.
And
note
againe
,
that
some
kinde
of
winde-Instruments
,
are
blowne
at
a
small
Hole
in
the
side
,
which
straitneth
the
Breath
at
the
first
Entrance
;
The
rather
,
in
respect
of
their
Trauerse
,
and
Stop
aboue
the
Hole
,
which
performeth
the
Fipples
Part
;
As
it
is
seene
in
Flutes
,
and
Fifes
,
which
will
not
giue
Sound
,
by
a
Blast
at
the
end
,
as
Recorders
,
&c.
doe
.
Likewise
in
all
Whistling
,
you
contract
the
Mouth
;
And
to
make
it
more
sharp
,
Men
sometimes
vse
their
Finger
.
But
in
Open
Aire
,
if
you
throw
a
Stone
,
or
a
Dart
,
they
giue
no
Sound
:
No
more
doe
Bullets
,
except
they
happen
to
be
a
little
hollowed
in
the
Casting
;
Which
Hollownesse
penneth
the
Aire
:
Not
yet
Arrowes
,
except
they
be
ruffled
in
their
Feathers
,
which
likewise
penneth
the
Aire
.
As
for
Small
whistles
,
or
Shepheards
Oa●●
Pipes
;
they
giue
a
Sound
,
because
of
their
extreame
Slendernesse
,
whereby
the
Aire
is
more
pent
,
than
in
a
Wider
Pipe
.
Againe
,
the
Voices
of
Men
,
and
Liuing
Creatures
,
passe
through
the
throat
,
which
penneth
the
Breath
.
As
for
the
Iewes
Harpe
,
it
is
a
sharp
Percussion
;
And
besides
,
hath
the
vantage
of
penning
the
Aire
in
the
Mouth
.
Solide
Bodies
,
if
they
be
very
softly
percussed
,
giue
no
Sound
;
As
when
a
man
treadeth
very
softly
vpon
Boards
.
So
Chests
or
Doores
in
faire
weather
,
when
they
open
easily
,
giue
no
Sound
.
And
Cart-wheeles
squeak
not
,
when
they
are
liquoured
.
The
Flame
of
Tapers
,
or
Candles
,
though
it
be
a
swift
Motion
,
and
breaketh
the
Aire
,
yet
passeth
without
Sound
.
Aire
in
Ouens
,
though
(
no
doubt
)
it
doth
(
as
it
were
)
boyle
,
and
dilate
it selfe
,
and
is
repercussed
;
yet
it
is
without
Noise
.
Flame
percussed
by
Aire
,
giueth
a
Noise
;
As
in
Blowing
of
the
Fire
by
Bellowes
;
Greater
,
than
if
the
Bellowes
should
blow
vpon
the
Aire
it selfe
.
And
so
likewise
Flame
percussing
the
Aire
strongly
,
(
as
when
Flame
suddenly
taketh
,
and
openeth
,
)
giueth
a
Noise
;
So
,
Great
Flames
,
whiles
the
one
impelleth
the
other
,
giue
a
bellowing
Sound
.
There
is
a
Conceit
runneth
abroad
,
that
there
should
be
a
white
Powder
,
which
will
discharge
a
Peece
without
Noise
;
which
is
a
dangerous
Experiment
,
if
it
should
be
true
:
For
it
may
cause
secret
Murthers
.
But
it
seemeth
to
me
vnpossible
;
For
,
if
the
Aire
pent
,
be
driuen
forth
,
and
strike
the
Aire
open
,
it
will
certainly
make
a
Noise
.
As
for
the
white
Powder
(
if
any
such
thing
be
,
that
may
extinguish
,
or
dead
the
Noise
,
)
it
is
like
to
be
a
Mixture
of
Petre
,
and
Sulphur
,
without
Coale
.
For
Petre
alone
will
not
take
Fire
.
And
if
any
Man
thinke
,
that
the
Sound
may
be
extinguished
,
or
deaded
,
by
discharging
the
Pent
Aire
,
before
it
commeth
to
the
Mouth
of
the
Peece
,
and
to
the
Open
Aire
;
That
is
not
probable
;
For
it
will
make
more
diuided
Sounds
;
As
if
you
should
make
a
Crosse
Barrell
hollow
,
thorow
the
Barrell
of
a
Peece
,
it
may
be
,
it
would
giue
seuerall
Sounds
,
both
at
the
Nose
,
and
at
the
Sides
.
But
I
conceiue
,
that
if
it
were
possible
,
to
bring
to
passe
,
that
there
should
be
no
Aire
pent
at
the
Mouth
of
the
Peece
,
the
Bullet
might
fly
with
small
,
or
no
Noise
,
For
first
it
is
certaine
,
there
is
no
Noise
in
the
Percussion
of
the
Flame
vpon
the
Bullet
.
Next
the
Bullet
,
in
piercing
thorow
the
Aire
,
maketh
no
Noise
;
As
hath
beene
said
.
And
then
,
if
there
be
no
Pent
Aire
that
striketh
vpon
Open
Aire
,
there
is
no
Cause
of
Noise
;
And
yet
the
Flying
of
the
Bullet
will
not
be
stayed
.
For
that
Motion
(
as
hath
beene
oft
said
)
is
in
the
Parts
of
the
Bullet
,
and
not
in
the
Aire
.
So
as
triall
must
be
made
by
taking
some
small
Concaue
of
Metall
,
no
more
than
you
mean
to
fill
with
Powder
;
And
laying
the
Bullet
in
the
Mouth
of
it
,
halfe
out
into
the
Open
Aire
.
I
heard
it
affirmed
by
a
Man
,
that
was
a
great
Dealer
in
Secrets
,
but
he
was
but
vaine
;
That
there
was
a
Conspiracy
(
which
himselfe
hindred
,
)
to
haue
killed
Queene
Mary
,
Sister
to
Queene
Elizabeth
,
by
Burning-Glasse
,
when
shee
walked
in
Saint
Iames
Parke
,
from
the
Leads
of
the
House
.
But
thus
much
(
no
doubt
)
is
true
;
That
if
Burning-Glasses
could
be
brought
to
a
great
strength
,
(
as
they
talke
generally
of
Burning-Glasses
,
that
are
able
to
burne
a
Nauy
,
)
the
Percussion
of
the
Aire
alone
,
by
such
a
Burning-Glasse
,
would
make
no
Noise
;
No
more
than
is
found
in
Cornscations
,
and
Lightnings
,
without
Thunders
.
I
suppose
,
that
Impression
of
the
Aire
with
Sounds
,
asketh
a
time
to
be
conueighed
to
the
Sense
;
As
well
as
the
Impression
of
Species
visible
:
Or
else
they
will
not
be
heard
.
And
therefore
,
as
the
Bullet
moueth
so
swift
,
that
it
is
Inuisible
;
So
the
same
Swiftnesse
of
Motion
maketh
it
Inaudible
:
For
we
see
,
that
the
Apprehension
of
the
Eye
,
is
quicker
than
that
of
the
Eare.
All
Eruptions
of
Aire
,
though
small
and
slight
,
giue
an
Entity
of
Sound
;
which
we
call
Crackling
,
Puffing
,
Spitting
,
&c.
As
in
Bay-salt
,
and
Bay-leaues
,
cast
into
the
Fire
;
So
in
Chesnuts
,
when
they
leape
forth
of
the
Ashes
;
So
in
Greene
Wood
laid
vpon
the
Fire
,
especially
Roots
;
So
in
Candles
that
spit
Flame
,
if
they
be
wet
;
So
in
Rasping
,
Sneezing
,
&c.
So
in
a
Rose-leafe
gathered
together
into
the
fashion
of
a
Purse
,
and
broken
vpon
the
Fore-head
,
or
Backe
of
the
Hand
,
as
Children
vse
.
The
Cause
giuen
of
Sound
,
that
it
should
be
an
Elision
of
the
Aire
(
wherby
,
if
they
meane
any
thing
,
they
meane
a
Cutting
,
or
Diuiding
,
or
else
an
Attenuating
of
the
Aire
)
is
but
a
Terme
of
Ignorance
:
And
the
Motion
is
but
a
Catch
of
the
Wit
vpon
a
few
Instances
;
As
the
Manner
is
in
the
Philosophy
Receiued
.
Experiments
in
Consort
touching
Production
.
Conseruation
,
and
Dilation
of
Sounds
;
And
the
Office
of
the
Aire
therein
.
And
it
is
common
with
Men
,
that
if
they
haue
gotten
a
Pretty
Expression
,
by
a
Word
of
Art
,
that
Expression
,
goeth
currant
;
though
it
be
empty
of
Matter
.
This
Conceit
of
Elision
,
appeareth
most
manifestly
to
befalse
,
in
that
the
Sound
of
a
Bell
,
String
,
or
the
like
,
continueth
melting
,
some
time
,
after
the
Percussion
;
But
ceaseth
straight-waies
,
if
the
Bell
,
or
String
,
be
touched
and
stayed
:
wheras
,
if
it
were
the
Elision
of
the
Aire
,
that
made
the
Sound
,
it
could
not
be
,
that
the
Touch
of
the
Bell
,
or
String
,
should
extinguish
so
suddenly
that
Motion
,
caused
by
the
Elision
of
the
Aire
.
This
appeareth
yet
more
manifestly
,
by
Chiming
with
a
Hammer
,
vpon
the
Out-side
of
a
Bell
;
For
the
Sound
will
be
according
to
the
inward
Concaue
of
the
Bell
;
whereas
the
Elision
,
or
Attenuation
of
the
Aire
,
cannot
be
but
onely
betweene
the
Hammer
,
and
the
Out-side
of
the
Bell
,
So
againe
,
if
it
were
an
Elision
,
a
broad
Hammer
,
and
a
Bodkin
,
strucke
vpon
Metall
,
would
giue
a
diuers
Tone
;
As
well
as
a
diuers
Loudnesse
:
But
they
doe
not
so
;
For
though
the
Sound
of
the
one
be
Louder
,
and
of
the
other
Softer
,
yet
the
Tone
is
the
same
.
Besides
,
in
Eccho's
,
(
wherof
some
are
as
loud
as
the
Originall
Voice
,
there
is
no
new
Elision
;
but
a
Repercussion
onely
.
But
that
which
conuinceth
it
most
of
all
,
is
,
that
Sounds
are
generated
,
where
there
is
no
Aire
at
all
.
But
these
and
the
like
Conceits
,
when
Men
haue
cleared
their
vnderstanding
,
by
the
light
of
Experience
,
will
scatter
,
and
breake
vp
like
a
Mist.
It
is
certaine
,
that
Sound
is
not
produced
at
the
first
,
but
with
some
Locall
Motion
of
the
Aire
,
or
Flame
,
or
some
other
Medium
;
Nor
yet
without
some
Resistance
,
either
in
the
Aire
,
or
the
Body
Percussed
.
For
if
there
be
a
meere
Yeelding
,
or
Cession
,
it
produceth
no
Sound
;
As
hath
beene
said
.
And
therin
Sounds
differ
from
Light
,
and
Colours
;
which
passe
thorow
the
Aire
,
or
other
Bodies
,
without
any
Locall
Motion
of
the
Aire
;
either
at
the
first
,
or
after
.
But
you
must
attentiuely
distinguish
,
betweene
the
Locall
Motion
of
the
Aire
,
(
which
is
but
Vehiculum
Caussae
,
A
Carrier
of
the
Sounds
,
)
and
the
Sounds
themselues
,
Conueighed
in
the
Aire
.
For
as
to
the
former
,
we
see
manifestly
,
that
no
Sound
is
produced
(
no
not
by
Aire
it selfe
against
other
Aire
,
as
in
Organs
,
&c.
)
but
with
a
perceptible
Blast
of
the
Aire
;
And
with
some
Resistance
of
the
Aire
strucken
.
For
euen
all
Speech
,
(
which
is
one
of
the
gentlest
Motions
of
Aire
,
)
is
with
Expulsion
of
a
little
Breath
.
And
all
Pipes
haue
a
Blast
,
as
well
as
a
Sound
.
We
see
also
manifestly
,
that
Sounds
are
carried
with
Wind
:
And
therefore
Sounds
will
be
heard
further
with
the
Wind
,
than
against
the
Wind
;
And
likewise
doe
rise
and
fall
with
the
Intension
or
Remission
of
the
Wind.
But
for
the
Impression
of
the
Sound
,
it
is
quite
another
Thing
;
And
is
vtterly
without
any
Locall
Motion
of
the
Aire
,
Perceptible
;
And
in
that
resembleth
the
Species
visible
:
For
after
a
Man
hath
lured
,
or
a
Bell
is
rung
,
we
cannot
discerne
any
Perceptible
Motion
(
at
all
)
in
the
Aire
,
a
long
as
the
Sound
goeth
;
but
only
at
the
first
.
Neither
doth
the
Wind
(
as
far
as
it
carrieth
a
Voice
,
)
with
the
Motion
therof
,
confound
any
of
the
Delicate
,
and
Articulate
Figurations
of
the
Aire
,
in
Variety
of
Words
.
And
if
a
Man
speake
a
good
loudnesse
,
against
the
Flame
of
a
Candle
,
it
will
not
make
it
tremble
much
;
though
most
,
when
those
Letters
are
pronounced
,
which
contract
the
Mouth
;
As
F
,
S
,
V
,
and
some
others
.
But
Gentle
Breathing
,
or
Blowing
without
speaking
,
will
moue
the
Candle
far
more
.
And
it
is
the
more
probable
,
that
Sound
is
without
any
Locall
Motion
of
the
Aire
,
because
as
it
differeth
from
the
Sight
,
in
that
it
needeth
a
Locall
Motion
of
the
Aire
at
first
;
So
it
paralleleth
in
so
many
other
things
with
the
Sight
,
and
Radiation
of
Things
visible
;
Which
(
without
all
question
)
induce
no
Locall
Motion
in
the
Aire
,
as
hath
beene
said
.
Neuerthelesse
it
is
true
,
that
vpon
the
Noise
of
Thunder
,
and
great
Ordnance
;
Glasse
windowes
will
shake
;
and
Fishes
are
thought
to
be
frayed
with
the
Motion
,
caused
by
Noise
vpon
the
water
.
But
these
Effects
are
from
the
Locall
Motion
of
the
Aire
,
which
is
a
Concomitant
of
the
Sound
,
(
as
hath
beene
said
;
)
and
not
from
the
Sound
.
It
hath
beene
anciently
reported
,
and
is
still
receiued
,
that
Extreme
Applanses
,
and
Shouting
of
People
assembled
in
great
Multitudes
,
haue
so
rarified
,
and
broken
the
Aire
,
that
Birds
flying
ouer
,
haue
fallen
downe
,
the
Aire
being
not
able
to
support
them
.
And
it
is
beleeued
by
some
,
that
Great
Ringing
of
Bells
in
populous
Cities
,
hath
chased
away
Thunder
:
and
also
dissipated
Pestilent
Aire
:
All
which
may
be
also
from
the
Concussion
of
the
Aire
,
and
not
from
the
Sound
.
A
very
great
Sound
,
neare
hand
,
hath
strucken
many
Dease
;
And
at
the
Instant
they
haue
found
,
as
it
were
,
the
breaking
of
a
Skin
or
Parchment
in
their
Eare
:
And
my Selfe
standing
neare
one
that
Lured
loud
,
and
shrill
,
had
suddenly
an
Offence
,
as
if
somewhat
had
broken
,
or
beene
dislocated
in
my
Eare
;
And
immediately
after
,
a
loud
Ringing
;
(
Not
an
ordinary
Singing
,
or
Hissing
,
but
far
louder
,
and
differing
;
)
so
as
I
feared
some
Deafenesse
.
But
after
some
halfe
Quarter
of
an
Houre
it
vanished
.
This
Effect
may
be
truly
referred
vnto
the
Sound
:
For
(
as
is
commonly
receiued
)
an
ouer-potent
Obiect
doth
destroy
the
Sense
;
And
Spirituall
Species
,
(
both
Visible
,
and
Audible
,
)
will
worke
vpon
the
Sensories
,
though
they
moue
not
any
other
Body
.
In
Delation
of
Sounds
,
the
Enclosure
of
them
preserueth
them
,
and
causeth
them
to
be
heard
further
.
And
wee
finde
in
Roules
of
Parchment
,
or
Trunckes
,
the
Mouth
being
laid
to
the
one
end
of
the
Rowle
of
Parchment
,
or
Truncke
,
and
the
Eare
to
the
other
,
the
Sound
is
heard
much
further
,
than
in
the
Open
Aire
;
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
the
Sound
spendeth
,
and
is
dissipated
in
the
Open
Aire
;
But
in
such
Concaues
it
is
conserued
,
and
contracted
.
So
also
in
a
Peece
of
Ordnance
,
if
you
speak
in
the
Touch-hole
,
and
another
lay
his
Eare
to
the
Mouth
of
the
Peece
,
the
Sound
passeth
,
and
is
farre
better
heard
,
than
in
the
Open
Aire
.
It
is
further
to
be
considered
,
how
it
proueth
and
worketh
,
when
the
Sound
is
not
enclosed
all
the
Length
of
his
Way
,
but
passeth
partly
through
open
Aire
;
As
where
you
speake
some
distance
from
a
Truncke
;
or
where
the
Eare
is
some
distance
from
the
Truncke
;
at
the
other
End
;
Or
where
both
Mouth
and
Eare
are
distant
from
the
Truncke
.
And
it
is
tried
,
that
in
a
long
Truncke
,
of
some
eight
or
ten
foot
,
the
Sound
is
holpen
,
though
both
the
Mouth
,
and
the
Eare
be
a
handfull
,
or
more
,
from
the
Ends
of
the
Truncke
;
And
somewhat
more
holpen
,
when
the
Eare
of
the
Hearer
is
neare
,
than
when
the
Mouth
of
the
Speaker
.
And
it
is
certaine
,
that
the
Voice
is
better
heard
in
a
Chamber
from
abroad
,
than
abroad
from
within
the
Chamber
.
As
the
Enclosure
,
that
is
Round
about
and
Entire
,
preserueth
the
Sound
;
So
doth
a
Semi-Concaue
,
though
in
a
lesse
degree
.
And
therefore
,
if
you
diuide
a
Truncke
,
or
a
Cane
into
two
,
and
one
speake
at
the
one
end
,
and
you
lay
your
Eare
at
the
other
,
it
will
carry
the
Voice
further
,
than
in
the
Aire
at
large
.
Nay
further
,
if
it
be
not
a
full
Semi-Concaue
;
but
if
you
doe
the
like
vpon
the
Mast
of
a
Ship
,
or
a
long
Pole
,
or
a
Peece
of
Ordnance
(
though
one
speake
vpon
the
Surface
of
the
Ordnance
,
and
not
at
any
of
the
Bores
;
)
the
Voice
will
be
heard
further
,
than
in
the
Aire
at
large
.
It
would
be
tried
,
how
,
and
with
what
proportion
of
disaduantage
,
the
Voice
will
be
carried
in
an
Horne
,
which
is
a
line
Arched
;
Or
in
a
Trumpet
,
which
is
a
line
Retorted
;
Or
in
some
Pipe
that
were
Sinuous
.
It
is
certaine
,
(
howsoeuer
it
crosse
the
Receiued
Opinion
)
that
Sounds
may
be
created
without
Aire
,
though
Aire
be
the
most
fauourable
Deferent
of
Sounds
.
Take
a
Vessell
of
Water
,
and
knap
a
paire
of
Tongs
some
depth
within
the
Water
,
and
you
shall
heare
the
Sound
of
the
Tongs
well
,
and
not
much
diminished
;
And
yet
there
is
no
Aire
at
all
present
.
Take
one
Vessell
of
Siluer
,
and
another
of
Wood
,
and
fill
each
of
them
full
of
Water
,
and
then
knap
the
Tongs
together
,
as
before
,
about
an
handfull
from
the
Bottome
,
and
you
shall
finde
the
Sound
much
more
Resounding
from
the
Vessell
of
Siluer
,
than
from
that
of
Wood
;
And
yet
if
there
be
not
water
in
the
Vessell
,
so
that
yo
knap
the
Tongs
in
the
Aire
,
you
shall
finde
no
difference
,
betweene
the
Siluer
and
Woodden
Vessell
.
Whereby
,
beside
the
maine
point
of
creating
Sound
without
Aire
,
you
may
collect
two
Things
:
The
one
,
that
the
Sound
communicateth
with
the
Bottome
of
the
Vessell
:
The
other
,
that
such
a
Communication
passeth
farre
better
,
thorow
Water
,
than
Aire
.
Strike
any
Hard
Bodies
together
,
in
the
Middest
of
a
Flame
,
and
you
shall
heare
the
Sound
,
with
little
difference
,
from
the
Sound
in
the
Aire
.
The
Pneumaticall
Part
,
which
is
in
all
Tangible
Bodies
,
and
hath
some
Affinity
with
the
Aire
,
performeth
,
in
some
degree
,
the
Parts
of
the
Aire
;
As
when
you
knocke
vpon
an
Emptie
Barrell
,
the
Sound
is
(
in
part
)
created
by
the
Aire
on
the
Out-side
;
And
(
in
part
)
by
the
Aire
in
the
Inside
;
For
the
Sound
will
be
greater
or
lesser
,
as
the
Barrell
is
more
Emptie
,
or
more
full
;
But
yet
the
Sound
participateth
also
with
the
Spirit
in
the
Wood
,
thorow
which
it
passeth
,
from
the
Outside
to
the
Inside
:
And
so
it
commeth
to
passe
,
in
the
Chiming
of
Bells
,
on
the
Outside
;
where
also
the
Sound
passeth
to
the
Inside
:
And
a
number
of
other
like
Instances
,
whereof
we
shall
speake
more
,
when
we
handle
the
Communication
of
Sounds
.
It
were
extreame
Grossenesse
to
thinke
,
(
as
wee
haue
partly
touched
before
,
)
that
the
Sound
in
Strings
is
made
,
or
produced
,
betweene
the
Hand
and
the
String
,
or
the
Quill
and
the
String
,
or
the
Bow
and
the
String
:
For
those
are
but
Vehicula
Motûs
,
Passages
to
the
Creation
of
the
Sound
;
the
Sound
being
produced
betweene
the
String
and
the
Aire
;
And
that
not
by
any
Impulsion
of
the
Aire
from
the
first
Motion
of
the
String
;
but
by
the
Returne
or
Result
of
the
String
,
which
was
strained
by
the
Touch
,
to
his
former
Place
:
which
Motion
of
Result
is
quicke
and
sharpe
;
Wheras
the
first
Motion
,
is
soft
and
dull
.
So
the
Bow
tortureth
the
String
continually
,
and
thereby
holdeth
it
in
a
Continuall
Trepidation
.
Take
a
Truncke
,
and
let
one
whistle
at
the
one
End
,
and
bold
your
Eare
at
the
other
,
and
you
shall
finde
the
Sound
strike
so
sharpe
,
as
you
can
scarce
endure
it
.
Experiments
in
Consort
touching
the
Magnitude
,
and
Exiluy
,
and
Damps
of
Sounds
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
Sound
diffuseth
it selfe
in
round
;
And
so
spendeth
it Selfe
;
But
if
the
Sound
,
which
would
scatter
in
Open
Aire
,
be
made
to
goe
all
into
a
Canale
;
It
must
needs
giue
greater
force
to
the
Sound
.
And
so
you
may
note
,
that
Enclosures
doe
not
onely
preserue
Sound
,
but
also
Encrease
and
Sharpen
it
.
A
Hunters
Horne
,
being
greater
at
one
end
,
than
at
the
other
,
doth
encrease
the
Sound
more
,
than
if
the
Horne
were
all
of
an
equall
Bore
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
the
Aire
,
and
Sound
,
being
first
contracted
at
the
leffer
End
,
and
afterwards
hauing
more
Roome
to
spread
at
the
greater
End
;
doe
dilate
themselues
;
And
in
Comming
out
strike
more
Aire
;
whereby
the
Sound
is
the
Greater
,
and
Baser
.
And
euen
Hunters
Hornes
,
which
are
sometimes
made
straight
,
and
not
Oblique
,
are
euer
greater
at
the
lower
end
.
It
would
be
tried
also
in
Pipes
,
being
made
far
larger
at
the
lower
End
:
Or
being
made
with
a
Belly
towards
the
lower
End
,
And
then
issuing
into
a
straight
Concaue
againe
.
There
is
in
Saint
Iames
Fields
,
a
Conduit
of
Bricke
,
vnto
which
ioyneth
a
low
Vault
;
And
at
the
End
of
that
,
a
Round
House
of
Stone
:
And
in
the
Bricke
Conduit
there
is
a
Window
;
And
in
the
Round
House
a
Slit
or
Rift
of
some
little
breadth
:
If
you
crie
out
in
the
Rift
,
it
will
make
a
fearfull
Roaring
at
the
Window
.
The
Cause
is
the
same
with
the
former
;
For
that
all
Concaues
,
that
proceed
from
more
Narrow
to
more
Broad
,
doe
amplifie
the
Sound
at
the
Comming
out
.
Hawkes
Bells
,
that
haue
Holes
in
the
sides
,
giue
a
greater
Ring
,
than
if
the
Pellet
did
strike
vpon
Brasse
,
in
the
Open
Aire
.
The
Cause
is
the
same
with
the
first
Instance
of
the
Trancke
;
Namely
,
for
that
the
Sound
Enclosed
with
the
Sides
of
the
Bell
,
commeth
forth
at
the
Holes
vnspent
,
and
more
strong
.
In
Drums
,
the
Closenesse
round
about
,
that
preserueth
the
Sound
from
dispersing
,
maketh
the
Noise
come
forth
at
the
Drum-Hole
,
farre
more
loud
,
and
strong
,
than
if
you
should
strike
vpon
the
like
Skin
,
extended
in
the
Open
Aire
.
The
Cause
is
the
same
with
the
two
precedent
.
Sounds
are
better
heard
,
and
further
off
,
in
an
Euening
,
or
in
the
Night
,
than
at
the
Noone
,
or
in
the
Day
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
in
the
Day
,
when
the
Aire
is
more
Thin
,
(
no
doubt
)
the
Sound
pierceth
better
;
But
when
the
Aire
is
more
Thicke
,
(
as
in
the
Night
)
the
Sound
spendeth
and
spreadeth
abroad
lesse
:
And
so
it
is
a
Degree
of
Enclosure
.
As
for
the
Night
,
it
is
true
also
,
that
the
Generall
Silence
helpeth
.
There
be
two
Kinds
of
Reflexions
of
Sounds
;
The
one
at
Distance
,
which
is
the
Eccho
;
Wherein
the
Originall
is
heard
distinctly
,
and
the
Reflexion
also
distinctly
;
Of
which
we
shall
speake
hereafter
:
The
other
in
Concurrence
;
When
the
Sound
Reflecting
(
the
Reflexion
being
neare
at
hand
)
returneth
immediatly
vpon
the
Originall
,
and
so
iterateth
it
not
,
but
amplifieth
it
.
Therefore
we
see
,
that
Musicke
vpon
the
water
soundeth
more
;
And
so
likewise
Musicke
is
better
in
Chambers
Wainscotted
,
than
Hanged
.
The
Strings
of
a
Lute
,
or
Violl
,
or
Virginalls
,
doe
giue
a
far
greater
Sound
,
by
reason
of
the
Knot
,
and
Board
,
and
Concaue
vnderneath
,
than
if
there
were
nothing
but
onely
the
Flat
of
a
Board
,
without
that
Hollow
and
Knot
,
to
let
in
the
Vpper
Aire
into
the
Lower
.
The
Cause
is
,
the
Communication
of
the
Vpper
Aire
with
the
Lower
;
And
Penning
of
both
from
Expence
,
or
Dispersing
.
An
Irish
Harpe
hath
Open
Aire
on
both
sides
of
the
Strings
:
And
it
hath
the
Concaue
or
Belly
,
not
along
the
Strings
,
but
at
the
End
of
the
Strings
.
It
maketh
a
more
Resounding
Sound
,
than
a
Bandora
,
Orpharion
,
or
Citterne
,
which
haue
likewise
Wire-strings
.
I
iudge
the
Cause
to
be
,
for
that
Open
Aire
on
both
Sides
helpeth
,
so
that
there
be
a
Concaue
;
Which
is
therefore
best
placed
at
the
End
.
In
a
Virginall
,
when
the
Lid
is
downe
,
it
maketh
a
more
exile
Sound
,
than
when
the
Lid
is
open
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
all
Shutting
in
of
Aire
,
where
there
is
no
competent
Vent
,
dampeth
the
Sound
.
Which
maintaineth
likewise
the
former
Instance
;
For
the
Belly
of
the
Lute
,
or
Vi●ll
,
doth
pen
the
Aire
somewhat
.
There
is
a
Church
at
Glocester
,
(
and
as
I
haue
heard
the
like
is
in
some
other
places
;
)
where
if
you
speake
against
a
Wall
,
softly
,
another
shall
heare
your
Voice
better
a
good
way
off
,
than
neare
hand
.
Enquire
more
particularly
of
the
Frame
of
that
Place
.
I
suppose
there
is
some
Vault
,
or
Hollow
,
or
Isle
,
behinde
the
Wall
,
and
some
Passage
to
it
towards
the
further
end
of
that
Wall
,
against
which
you
speake
;
So
as
the
Voice
,
of
him
that
speaketh
,
slideth
along
the
Wall
,
and
then
entreth
at
some
Passage
,
and
communicateth
with
the
Aire
of
the
Hollow
;
For
it
is
preserued
somewhat
by
the
plaine
wall
;
but
that
is
too
weake
to
giue
a
Sound
Audible
,
till
it
hath
communicated
with
the
backe
Aire
.
Strike
vpon
a
Bowstring
,
and
lay
the
Horne
of
the
Bow
neare
your
Eare
,
and
it
will
encrease
the
Sound
,
and
make
a
degree
of
a
Tone
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
the
Sensory
,
by
reason
of
the
Close
Holding
,
is
percussed
before
the
Aire
disperseth
.
The
like
is
,
if
yo
hold
the
Horne
betwixt
your
Teeth
.
But
that
is
a
plaine
Delation
of
the
Sound
;
from
the
Teeth
,
to
the
Instrument
of
Hearing
;
For
there
is
a
great
Entercourse
betweene
those
two
Parts
;
As
appeareth
by
this
;
That
a
Harsh
Grating
Tune
setteth
the
Teeth
on
edge
.
The
like
falleth
out
,
if
the
Horne
of
the
Bow
be
put
vpon
the
Temples
;
But
that
is
but
the
Slide
of
the
Sound
from
thence
to
the
Eare.
If
you
take
a
Rod
of
Iron
,
or
Brasse
,
and
hold
the
one
end
to
your
Eare
,
and
strike
vpon
the
other
,
it
maketh
a
fat
greater
Sound
,
than
the
like
Stroke
vpon
the
Rod
,
not
so
made
Contiguous
to
the
Eare.
By
which
,
and
by
some
other
Instances
,
that
haue
beene
partly
touched
,
it
should
appeare
;
That
Sounds
doe
not
onely
slide
vpon
the
Surface
of
a
Smooth
Body
,
but
doe
also
communicate
with
the
Spirits
,
that
are
in
the
Pores
of
the
Body
.
I
remember
in
Trinity
Colledge
in
Cambridge
,
there
was
an
Vpper
Chamber
,
which
being
thought
weake
in
the
Roofe
of
it
,
was
supported
by
a
Pillar
of
Iron
,
of
the
bignesse
of
ones
Arme
,
in
the
middest
of
the
Chamber
;
Which
if
you
had
strucke
,
it
would
make
a
little
flat
Noise
in
the
Roome
where
it
was
strucke
;
But
it
would
make
a
great
Bombe
in
the
Chamber
beneath
.
The
Sound
which
is
made
by
Buckets
in
a
Well
,
when
they
touch
vpon
the
Water
;
Or
when
they
strike
vpon
the
side
of
the
Well
;
Or
when
two
Buckets
dash
the
one
against
the
other
;
These
Sounds
are
deeper
,
and
suller
,
than
if
the
like
Percussion
were
made
in
the
Open
Aire
.
The
Cause
is
,
the
Penning
and
Enclosure
of
the
Aire
,
in
the
Concaue
of
the
Well
.
Barrells
placed
in
a
Roome
vnder
the
Floare
of
a
Chamber
,
make
all
Noises
in
the
same
Chamber
,
more
Full
and
Resounding
.
So
that
there
be
fine
wayes
(
in
generall
,
)
of
Maioration
of
Sounds
:
Enclosure
Simple
;
Enclosure
with
Dilatation
;
Communication
;
Reflexion
Concurrent
;
and
Approach
to
the
Sensory
.
For
Exility
of
the
Voice
,
or
other
Sounds
:
It
is
certaine
,
that
the
Voice
doth
passe
thorow
Solide
and
Hard
Bodies
,
if
they
be
not
too
thick
.
And
thorow
Water
;
which
is
likewise
a
very
Close
Body
,
and
such
an
one
,
as
letteth
not
in
Aire
.
But
then
the
Voice
,
or
other
Sound
,
is
reduced
,
by
such
passage
,
to
a
great
Weaknesse
,
or
Exility
.
If
therefore
you
stop
the
Holes
of
a
Howkes
Bell
,
it
will
make
no
Ring
,
but
a
flat
Noise
,
or
Rattle
.
And
so
doth
the
Aëtites
,
or
Eagles
Stone
,
which
hath
a
little
Stone
within
it
.
And
as
for
Water
,
it
is
a
certaine
Triall
:
Let
a
Man
goe
into
a
Bath
,
and
take
a
Paile
,
and
turne
the
Bottome
vpward
,
and
carry
the
Mouth
of
it
,
(
Euen
,
)
downe
to
the
Leuell
of
the
Water
;
and
so
presse
it
downe
vnder
the
Water
,
some
handfull
and
an
halfe
,
still
keeping
it
euen
,
that
it
may
not
tilt
on
either
side
,
&
so
the
Aire
get
out
:
Then
let
him
that
is
in
the
Bath
,
diue
with
his
Head
so
far
vnder
Water
,
as
he
may
put
his
Head
into
the
Paile
;
&
there
wil
come
as
much
Aire
bubling
forth
,
as
will
make
Roome
for
his
Head
.
Then
let
him
speak
;
and
any
that
shal
stand
without
,
shal
heare
his
Voice
plainly
;
but
yet
made
extreme
sharp
and
exile
,
like
the
Voice
of
Puppets
:
But
yet
the
Articulate
Sounds
of
the
Words
will
not
be
confounded
.
Note
that
it
may
be
much
more
handsomely
done
,
if
the
Paile
be
put
ouer
the
Mans
head
aboue
Water
,
and
then
he
cowre
downe
,
and
the
Paile
be
pressed
downe
with
him
.
Note
that
a
Man
must
kneele
or
sit
,
that
he
may
be
lower
than
the
Water
.
A
Man
would
thinke
,
that
the
Sicilian
Poet
had
knowledge
of
this
Experiment
;
For
he
saith
;
That
Hercules
Page
Hylas
went
with
a
Water-pot
,
to
fill
it
at
a
pleasant
Fountaine
,
that
was
neere
the
Shore
,
and
that
the
Nymphs
of
the
Fountaine
fell
in
loue
with
the
Boy
,
and
pulled
him
vnder
Water
,
keeping
him
aliue
;
And
that
Hercules
missing
his
Page
,
called
him
by
his
Name
,
aloud
,
that
all
the
Shore
rang
of
it
;
And
that
Hylas
from
within
the
Water
,
answered
his
Master
;
But
(
that
which
is
to
the
present
purpose
)
with
so
small
and
exile
a
Voice
,
as
Hercules
thought
he
had
beene
three
miles
off
,
when
the
Fountaine
(
indeed
)
was
fast
by
.
In
Lutes
,
and
Instruments
of
Strings
,
if
you
stop
a
String
high
,
(
whereby
it
hath
lesse
Scope
to
tremble
)
the
Sound
is
more
Treble
,
but
yet
more
dead
.
Take
two
Sawcers
,
and
strike
the
Edge
of
the
one
against
the
Bottome
of
the
other
,
within
a
Paile
of
Water
;
And
you
shall
finde
,
that
as
you
put
the
Sawcers
lower
,
and
lower
,
the
Sound
groweth
more
flat
;
euen
while
Part
of
the
Sawcer
is
aboue
the
Water
;
But
that
Flatnesse
of
Sound
is
ioyned
with
a
Harshnesse
of
Sound
;
which
(
no
doubt
)
is
caused
by
the
Inequalitie
of
the
Sound
,
which
commeth
from
the
Part
of
the
Sawcer
vnder
the
Water
,
and
from
the
Part
aboue
.
But
when
the
Sawcer
is
wholly
vnder
the
Water
,
the
Sound
becommeth
more
cleare
,
but
farre
more
low
;
And
as
if
the
Sound
came
from
a
farre
off
.
A
Soft
Body
dampeth
the
Sound
,
much
more
than
a
Hard
;
As
if
a
Bell
hath
Cloth
,
or
Silke
wrapped
about
it
,
it
deadeth
the
Sound
more
,
than
if
it
were
Wood.
And
therefore
in
Clericalls
,
the
Keyes
are
lined
;
And
in
Colledges
they
vse
to
line
the
Tablemen
.
Triall
was
made
in
a
Recorder
,
after
these
seuerall
manners
.
The
Bottome
of
it
was
set
against
the
Palme
of
the
Hand
;
stopped
with
Wax
round
about
;
set
against
a
Damaske
Cushion
;
Thrust
into
Sand
;
Into
Ashes
;
Into
Water
,
(
halfe
an
Inch
vnder
the
Water
;
)
Close
to
the
Bottome
of
a
Siluer
Basin
;
And
still
the
Tone
remained
:
But
the
Bottome
of
it
was
set
against
a
Woollen
Carpet
;
A
Lining
of
Plush
;
A
Locke
of
Wooll
,
(
though
loosely
put
in
;
)
Against
Snow
;
And
the
Sound
of
it
was
quite
deaded
,
and
but
Breath
.
Iron
Hot
produceth
not
so
full
a
Sound
,
as
when
it
is
Cold
;
For
while
it
is
hot
,
it
appeareth
to
be
more
Soft
,
and
lesse
Resounding
.
So
likewise
Warme
Water
,
when
it
falleth
,
maketh
not
so
full
a
Sound
,
as
Cold
:
And
I
conceiue
it
is
softer
,
and
neerer
the
Nature
of
Oyle
;
For
it
is
more
slippery
;
As
may
be
perceiued
,
in
that
it
scowreth
better
.
Let
there
be
a
Recorder
made
,
with
two
Fipples
at
each
end
one
;
The
Truncke
of
it
of
the
length
of
two
Recorders
,
and
the
Holes
answerable
toward
each
end
;
And
let
two
play
the
same
Lesson
vpon
it
,
at
an
Vnison
;
And
let
it
be
noted
,
whether
the
Sound
be
confounded
;
or
amplified
;
or
dulled
.
So
likewise
let
a
Crosse
be
made
,
of
two
Trunckes
(
thorow-out
)
hollow
;
And
let
two
speake
,
or
sing
,
the
one
long-waies
,
the
other
trauerse
:
And
let
two
heare
at
the
opposite
Ends
;
And
note
,
whether
the
Sound
be
confounded
;
amplified
;
or
dulled
.
Which
two
Instances
will
also
giue
light
to
the
Mixture
of
Sounds
;
wherof
we
shall
speake
hereafter
.
A
Bellowes
blowne
in
at
the
Hole
of
a
Drum
,
and
the
Drum
then
strucken
,
maketh
the
Sound
a
little
flatter
,
but
no
other
apparent
Alteration
.
The
Cause
is
manifest
;
Partly
for
that
it
hindreth
the
Issue
of
the
Sound
;
And
partly
for
that
it
maketh
the
Aire
,
being
blowne
together
,
lesse
moueable
.
The
Loudnesse
,
and
Softnesse
of
Sounds
,
is
a
Thing
distinct
from
the
Magnitude
and
Exility
of
Sounds
;
For
a
Base
String
,
though
softly
strucken
,
giueth
the
greater
Sound
;
But
a
Treble
String
,
if
hard
strucken
,
will
be
heard
much
further
off
.
Experiments
in
Consort
touching
the
Loudnesse
or
Sofinesse
of
Sounds
;
and
their
Carriage
at
longer
or
shorter
Distance
.
And
the
Cause
is
,
for
that
the
Base
String
striketh
more
Aire
;
And
the
Treble
lesse
Aire
,
but
with
a
sharper
Percussion
.
It
is
therefore
the
Strength
of
the
Percussion
,
that
is
a
Principall
Cause
of
the
Loudnesse
or
Softnesse
of
Sounds
:
As
in
knocking
harder
or
softer
;
Winding
of
a
Horne
stronger
or
weaker
;
Ringing
of
a
Hand-bell
harder
or
softer
,
&c.
And
the
Strength
of
this
Percussion
,
consisteth
,
as
much
,
or
more
,
in
the
Hardnesse
of
the
Body
Percussed
,
as
in
the
Force
of
the
Body
Percussing
:
For
if
you
strike
against
a
Cloth
,
it
will
giue
a
lesse
Sound
;
If
against
Wood
,
a
greater
;
If
against
Metall
,
yet
a
greater
;
And
in
Metals
,
if
you
strike
against
Gold
,
(
which
is
the
more
pliant
,
)
it
giueth
the
flatter
Sound
;
If
against
Siluer
,
or
Brasse
,
the
more
Ringing
Sound
.
As
for
Aire
,
where
it
is
strongly
pent
,
it
matcheth
a
Hard
Body
.
And
therefore
we
see
in
discharging
of
a
Peece
,
what
a
great
Noise
it
maketh
.
We
see
also
,
that
the
Charge
with
Bullet
;
Or
with
Paper
wet
,
and
hard
stopped
;
Or
with
Powder
alone
,
rammed
in
hard
;
maketh
no
great
difference
in
the
Loudnesse
of
the
Report
.
The
Sharpnesse
or
Quicknesse
of
the
Percussion
,
is
a
great
Cause
of
the
Loudnesse
,
as
well
as
the
Strength
:
As
in
a
Whip
,
or
Wand
,
if
you
strike
the
Aire
with
it
;
the
Sharper
and
Quicker
you
strike
it
,
the
Louder
Sound
it
giueth
.
And
in
playing
vpon
the
Lute
,
or
Virginalls
,
the
quicke
Stroke
or
Touch
,
is
a
great
life
to
the
Sound
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
the
Quicke
Striking
cutteth
the
Aire
speedily
;
wheras
the
Soft
Striking
doth
rather
beat
,
than
cut
.
The
Communication
of
Sounds
(
as
in
Bellies
of
Lutes
,
Empty
Vessells
,
&c.
)
hath
beene
touched
obiter
,
in
the
Maioration
of
Sounds
:
But
it
is
fit
also
to
make
a
Title
of
it
apart
.
Experiments
in
Consort
touching
the
Communication
of
Sounds
.
The
Experiment
for
greatest
Demonstration
of
Communication
of
Sounds
,
is
the
Chiming
of
Bells
;
where
if
you
strike
with
a
Hammer
vpon
the
Vpper
Part
,
and
then
vpon
the
Midst
,
and
then
vpon
the
Lower
,
you
shall
finde
the
Sound
to
be
more
Treble
,
and
more
Base
,
according
vnto
the
Concaue
,
on
the
Inside
;
though
the
Percussion
be
onely
on
the
Outside
.
When
the
Sound
is
created
betweene
the
Blast
of
the
Mouth
,
and
the
Aire
of
the
Pipe
,
it
hath
neuerthelesse
some
Communication
with
the
Matter
of
the
Sides
of
the
Pipe
,
and
the
Spirits
in
them
contained
;
for
in
a
Pipe
,
or
Trumpet
,
of
Wood
,
and
Brasse
,
the
Sound
will
be
diuers
;
So
if
the
Pipe
be
couered
with
Cloth
,
or
Silke
,
it
will
giue
a
diuers
Sound
,
from
that
it
would
doe
of
it selfe
;
So
,
if
the
Pipe
be
a
little
wet
on
the
Inside
,
it
will
make
a
differing
Sound
,
from
the
same
Pipe
dry
.
That
Sound
made
within
Water
,
doth
communicate
better
with
a
hard
Body
thorow
Water
,
than
made
in
Aire
,
it
doth
with
Aire
;
Vide
Experimentum
,
134.
We
haue
spoken
before
(
in
the
Inquisition
touching
Musicke
,
)
of
Musicall
Sounds
,
wherunto
there
may
be
a
Concord
or
Discord
in
two
Parts
;
Which
Sounds
we
call
Tones
:
And
likewise
of
Immusicall
Sounds
;
And
haue
giuen
the
Cause
,
that
the
Tone
proceedeth
of
Equality
,
and
the
other
of
Inequality
.
And
we
haue
also
expressed
there
,
what
are
the
Equall
Bodies
that
giue
Tones
,
and
what
are
the
Vnequall
that
giue
none
.
Experiments
in
Consort
touching
Equality
,
and
Inequality
of
Sounds
.
But
now
we
shall
speake
of
such
Inequality
of
Sounds
,
as
proceedeth
,
not
from
the
Nature
of
the
Bodies
themselues
,
but
is
Accidentall
;
Either
from
the
Roughnesse
,
or
Obliquity
of
the
Passage
;
Or
from
the
Doubling
of
the
Percutient
;
Or
from
the
Trepidation
of
the
Motion
.
A
Bell
,
if
it
haue
a
Rift
in
it
,
whereby
the
Sound
hath
not
a
cleare
Passage
,
giueth
a
Hoarse
and
Iarring
Sound
;
So
the
Voice
of
Man
,
when
by
Cold
taken
the
Wesill
groweth
rugged
,
and
(
as
we
call
it
)
furred
,
becommeth
hoarse
.
And
in
these
two
Instances
,
the
Sounds
are
Ingrate
;
because
they
are
meerely
Vnequall
:
But
,
if
they
be
Vnequall
in
Equality
,
then
the
Sound
is
Gratefull
,
but
Purling
.
All
Instruments
,
that
haue
either
Returnes
,
as
Trumpets
;
Or
Flexions
,
as
Cornets
;
Or
are
Drawne
vp
,
and
put
from
,
as
Sackbuts
;
haue
a
Purling
Sound
;
But
the
Recorder
,
or
Flute
,
that
haue
none
of
these
Inequalities
,
giue
a
cleare
Sound
.
Neuerthelesse
,
the
Recorder
it selfe
,
or
Pipe
moistened
a
little
in
the
Inside
,
soundeth
more
solemnly
,
and
with
a
little
Purling
,
or
Hissing
.
Againe
,
a
Wreathed
String
,
such
as
are
in
the
Base
Strings
of
Banderaes
,
giueth
also
a
Purling
Sound
.
But
a
Lute-string
,
if
it
be
meerely
Vnequall
in
his
Parts
,
giueth
a
Harsh
and
Vntuneable
Sound
;
which
Strings
we
call
False
,
being
bigger
in
one
Place
than
in
another
;
And
therefore
Wire-strings
are
neuer
False
.
We
see
also
,
that
when
we
try
a
False
Lute-string
,
wee
vse
to
extend
it
hard
betweene
the
fingers
,
and
to
fillip
it
;
And
if
it
giueth
a
double
Species
,
it
is
True
;
But
if
it
giueth
a
treble
,
or
more
,
it
is
False
.
Waters
,
in
the
Noise
they
make
as
they
runne
,
represent
to
the
Eare
a
Trembling
Noise
;
And
in
Regalls
,
(
where
they
haue
a
Pipe
,
they
call
the
Nightingale-Pipe
,
which
containeth
Water
)
the
Sound
hath
a
continuall
Trembling
:
And
Children
haue
also
little
Things
they
call
Cockes
,
which
haue
Water
in
them
;
And
when
they
blow
,
or
whistle
in
them
,
they
yeeld
a
Trembling
Noise
;
Which
Trembling
of
Water
,
hath
an
assinity
with
the
Letter
L.
All
which
Inequalities
of
Trepidation
,
are
rather
pleasant
,
than
otherwise
.
All
Base
Notes
,
or
very
Treble
Notes
,
giue
an
Asper
Sound
;
For
that
the
Base
striketh
more
Aire
,
than
it
can
well
strike
equally
:
And
the
Treble
cutteth
the
Aire
so
sharpe
,
as
it
returneth
too
swift
,
to
make
the
Sound
Equall
:
And
therefore
a
Meane
,
or
Tenor
,
is
the
sweetest
Part.
We
know
Nothing
,
that
can
at
pleasure
make
a
Musicall
,
or
Immusicall
Sound
,
by
voluntary
Motion
,
but
the
Voice
of
Man
,
and
Birds
.
The
Cause
is
,
(
no
doubt
)
in
the
Weasill
or
Wind-pipe
,
(
which
we
call
Aspera
Arteria
,
)
which
being
well
extended
,
gathereth
Equality
;
As
a
Bladder
that
is
wrinckled
,
if
it
be
extended
,
becommeth
smooth
.
The
Extension
is
alwaies
more
in
Tones
,
than
in
Speech
:
Therefore
the
Inward
Voice
of
Whisper
can
neuer
a
giue
Tone
:
And
in
Singing
,
there
is
(
manifestly
)
a
greater
Working
and
Labour
of
the
Throat
,
than
in
Speaking
;
As
appeareth
in
the
Thrusting
out
,
or
Drawing
in
of
the
Chinne
,
when
we
sing
.
The
Humming
of
Bees
,
is
an
Vnequall
Buzzing
;
And
is
conceiued
,
by
some
of
the
Ancients
,
not
to
come
forth
at
their
Mouth
,
but
to
be
an
Inward
Sound
,
But
(
it
may
be
)
it
is
neither
;
But
from
the
motion
of
their
Wings
;
For
it
is
not
heard
but
when
they
stirre
.
All
Metalls
quenched
in
Water
,
giue
a
Sibilation
or
Hissing
Sound
;
(
which
hath
an
Affinity
with
the
letter
Z.
)
notwithstanding
the
Sound
be
created
betweene
the
Water
or
Vapour
,
and
the
Aire
.
Seething
also
,
if
there
be
but
small
Store
of
Water
,
in
a
Vessell
,
giueth
a
Hissing
Sound
;
But
Boyling
in
a
full
Vessell
,
giueth
a
Bubling
Sound
,
drawing
somewhat
neare
to
the
Cocks
vsed
by
Children
.
Triall
would
be
made
,
whether
the
Inequality
,
or
Interchange
of
the
Medium
,
will
not
produce
an
Inequality
of
Sound
;
As
if
three
Bells
were
made
one
within
another
,
and
Aire
betwixt
Each
;
And
then
the
outermost
Bell
were
chimed
with
a
Hammer
,
how
the
Sound
would
differ
from
a
Simple
Bell.
So
likewise
take
a
Plate
of
Brasse
,
and
a
Plancke
of
Wood
,
and
ioyne
them
close
together
,
and
knock
vpon
one
of
them
,
and
see
if
they
doe
not
giue
an
vnequall
Sound
.
So
make
two
or
three
Partitions
or
Wood
in
a
Hogshead
,
with
Holes
or
Knots
in
them
;
And
marke
the
difference
of
their
Sound
,
from
the
Sound
of
an
Hogshead
,
without
such
Partitions
.
It
is
euident
,
that
the
Percussion
of
the
Greater
Quantity
of
Aire
,
causeth
the
Baser
Sound
;
And
the
lesse
Quantity
,
the
more
Treble
Sound
.
Experiments
in
Consort
,
touching
the
●●●
treble
,
and
the
●●●
Base
Tones
,
or
Musicall
Sounds
.
The
Percussion
of
the
Greater
Quantity
of
Aire
,
is
produced
by
the
Greatnesse
of
the
Body
Percussing
;
By
the
Latitude
of
the
Concaue
,
by
which
the
Sound
passeth
;
and
by
the
Longitude
of
the
same
Concaue
.
Therfore
we
see
that
a
Base
string
,
is
greater
than
a
Treble
;
A
Base
Pipe
hath
a
greater
Bore
than
a
Treble
;
And
in
Pipes
,
and
the
like
,
the
lower
the
Note
Holes
be
,
and
the
further
off
from
the
Mouth
of
the
Pipe
,
the
more
Base
Sound
they
yeeld
;
And
the
nearer
the
Mouth
,
the
more
Treble
.
Nay
more
,
if
you
strike
an
Entire
Body
,
as
an
Andiron
of
Brasse
,
at
the
Top
,
it
maketh
a
more
Treble
Sound
;
And
at
the
Bottome
a
Baser
.
It
is
also
euident
,
that
the
Sharper
or
Quicker
Percussion
of
Aire
causeth
the
more
Treble
Sound
;
And
the
Slower
or
Heauier
,
the
more
Base
Sound
.
So
we
see
in
Strings
;
the
more
they
are
wound
vp
,
and
strained
;
(
And
thereby
giue
a
more
quicke
Start-backe
;
)
the
more
Treble
is
the
Sound
;
And
the
slacker
they
are
,
or
lesse
wound
vp
,
the
Baser
is
the
Sound
.
And
therfore
a
Bigger
String
more
strained
,
and
a
Lesser
String
,
lesse
strained
,
may
fall
into
the
same
Tone
.
Children
,
Women
,
Eunuchs
haue
more
small
and
shrill
Voices
,
than
Men.
The
Reason
is
,
not
for
that
Men
haue
greater
Heat
,
which
may
make
the
Voice
stronger
,
(
for
the
strength
of
a
Voice
or
Sound
,
doth
make
a
difference
in
the
Loudnesse
or
Softnesse
,
but
not
in
the
Tone
;
)
But
from
the
Dilatation
of
the
Organ
;
which
(
it
is
true
)
is
likewise
caused
by
Heat
.
But
the
Cause
of
Changing
the
Voice
,
at
the
yeares
of
Puberty
,
is
more
obscure
.
It
seemeth
to
be
,
for
that
when
much
of
the
Moisture
of
the
Body
,
which
did
before
irrigate
the
Parts
,
is
drawne
downe
to
the
Spermaticall
vessells
;
it
leaueth
the
Body
more
hot
than
it
was
;
whence
commeth
the
Dilatation
of
the
Pipes
:
For
we
see
plainly
,
all
Effects
of
Heat
,
doe
then
come
on
;
As
Pilosity
,
more
Roughnesse
of
the
Skinne
,
Hardnesse
of
the
Flesh
,
&c.
The
Industry
of
the
Musitian
,
hath
produced
two
other
Meanes
of
Strayning
,
or
Intension
of
Strings
,
besides
their
Winding
vp
.
The
one
is
the
Stopping
of
the
String
with
the
Finger
;
As
in
the
Necks
of
Lutes
,
Viols
,
&c.
The
other
is
the
Shortnesse
of
the
String
;
As
in
Harps
,
Virginalls
,
&c.
Both
these
haue
one
,
and
the
same
reason
;
For
they
cause
the
String
to
giue
a
quicker
Start
.
In
the
Straining
of
a
String
,
the
further
it
is
strained
,
the
lesse
Superstraining
goeth
to
a
Note
;
For
it
requireth
good
Winding
of
a
String
,
before
it
will
make
any
Note
at
all
:
And
in
the
Stops
of
Lutes
,
&c.
the
higher
they
goe
,
the
lesse
Distance
is
betweene
the
Frets
.
If
you
fill
a
Drinking-Glasse
with
Water
,
(
especially
one
Sharp
below
,
and
Wide
aboue
,
)
and
fillip
vpon
the
Brim
,
or
Outside
;
And
after
empty
Part
of
the
Water
,
and
so
more
and
more
,
and
still
try
the
Tone
by
Fillipping
;
you
shall
finde
the
Tone
fall
,
and
be
more
Base
,
as
the
Glasse
is
more
Empty
.
The
Iust
and
Measured
Proportion
of
the
Aire
Percussed
,
towards
the
Basenesse
or
Treblenesse
of
Tones
,
is
one
of
the
greatest
Secrets
in
the
Contemplation
of
Sounds
.
Experiments
in
Consort
touching
the
Proportion
of
Treble
and
Base
Tones
.
For
it
discouereth
the
true
Coincidence
of
Tones
into
Diapasons
;
Which
is
the
Returne
of
the
same
Sound
.
And
so
of
the
Concords
and
Discords
,
betweene
the
Vnison
,
and
Diapason
;
Which
we
haue
touched
before
,
in
the
Experiments
of
Musicke
;
but
thinke
fit
to
resume
it
here
,
as
a
principall
Part
of
our
Enquiry
touching
the
Nature
of
Sounds
.
It
may
be
found
out
in
the
Proportion
of
the
Winding
of
Strings
;
In
the
Proportion
of
the
Distance
of
Frets
;
And
in
the
Proportion
of
the
Concaue
of
Pipes
,
&c.
But
most
commodiously
in
the
last
of
these
.
Try
therfore
the
Winding
of
a
String
once
about
,
as
soone
as
it
is
brought
to
that
Extension
,
as
will
giue
a
Tone
;
And
then
of
twice
about
;
And
thrice
about
,
&c.
And
marke
the
Scale
or
Difference
of
the
Rise
of
the
Tone
:
Wherby
you
shall
discouer
,
in
one
,
two
Effects
;
Both
the
Proportion
of
the
Sound
towards
the
Dimension
of
the
Winding
;
And
the
Proportion
likewife
of
the
Sound
towards
the
String
,
as
it
is
more
or
lesse
strained
.
But
note
that
to
measure
this
,
the
way
will
be
,
to
take
the
Length
in
a
right
Line
of
the
String
,
vpon
any
Winding
about
of
the
Pegge
.
As
for
the
Steps
,
you
are
to
take
the
Number
of
Frets
;
And
principally
the
Length
of
the
Line
,
from
the
first
Stop
of
the
String
,
vnto
such
a
Stop
as
shall
produce
a
Diapason
to
the
former
Stop
,
vpon
the
same
String
.
But
it
will
best
(
as
it
is
said
)
appeare
,
in
the
Bores
of
Wind-Instruments
:
And
therfore
cause
some
halfe
dozen
Pipes
,
to
be
made
,
in
length
,
and
all
things
else
,
alike
,
with
a
single
,
double
,
and
so
on
to
a
sextuple
Bore
;
And
so
marke
what
Fall
of
Tone
euery
one
giueth
.
But
still
in
these
three
last
Instances
,
you
must
diligently
obserue
,
what
length
of
String
,
or
Distance
of
Stop
,
or
Concaue
of
Aire
,
maketh
what
Rise
of
Sound
.
As
in
the
last
of
these
(
which
(
as
we
said
)
is
that
,
which
giueth
the
aptest
demonstration
,
)
you
must
set
downe
what
Encrease
of
Concaue
goeth
to
the
Making
of
a
Note
higher
;
And
what
of
two
Notes
;
And
what
of
three
Notes
;
And
so
vp
to
the
Diapason
:
For
then
the
great
Secret
of
Numbers
,
and
Proportions
,
will
appeare
.
It
is
not
vnlike
,
that
those
that
make
Recorders
,
&c.
know
this
already
:
for
that
they
make
them
in
Sets
.
And
likewise
Bell-founders
in
fitting
the
tune
of
their
Bells
.
So
that
Enquiry
may
saue
Triall
.
Surely
,
it
hath
beene
obserued
by
one
of
the
Ancients
,
that
an
Empty
Barrell
knocked
vpon
with
the
finger
,
giueth
a
Diapason
to
the
Sound
of
the
like
Barrellfull
;
But
how
that
should
be
,
I
doe
not
well
vnderstand
;
For
that
the
knocking
of
a
Barrellfull
,
or
Empty
,
doth
scarce
giue
any
Tone
.
There
is
required
some
sensible
Difference
in
the
Proportion
of
creating
a
Note
,
towards
the
Sound
it selfe
,
which
is
the
Passiue
:
And
that
it
be
not
too
neare
,
but
at
a
distance
.
For
in
a
Recorder
,
the
three
vppermost
Holes
,
yeeld
one
Tone
;
which
is
a
Note
lower
than
the
Tone
of
the
first
three
.
And
the
like
(
no
doubt
)
is
required
in
the
Winding
or
Stopping
of
Strings
.
There
is
another
Difference
of
Sounds
,
which
we
will
call
Exteriour
,
and
Interiour
.
Experiments
in
Consort
touching
Exteriour
,
and
Interiour
Sounds
.
It
is
not
Soft
,
nor
Loud
:
Nor
it
is
not
Base
,
nor
Treble
:
Nor
it
is
not
Musicall
,
nor
Immusicall
:
Though
it
be
true
,
that
there
can
be
no
Tone
in
an
Interiour
Sound
:
But
on
the
other
side
,
in
an
Exteriour
Sound
,
there
may
be
both
Musicall
and
Immusicall
.
We
shall
therfore
enumerate
them
,
rather
than
precisely
distinguish
them
;
Though
(
to
make
some
Adumbration
of
that
we
meane
)
the
Interiour
is
rather
an
Impulsion
or
Contusion
of
the
Aire
,
than
an
Elision
or
Section
of
the
same
.
So
as
the
Percussion
of
the
one
,
towards
the
other
,
differeth
,
as
a
Blow
differeth
from
a
Cut.
In
Speech
of
Man
,
the
Whispering
,
(
which
they
call
Susurrus
in
Latine
,
)
whether
it
be
louder
or
softer
,
is
an
Interiour
Sound
;
But
the
Speaking
out
,
is
an
Exteriour
Sound
;
And
therfore
you
can
neuer
make
a
Tone
,
not
sing
in
Whispering
;
But
in
Speech
you
may
:
So
Breathing
,
or
Blowing
by
the
Mouth
,
Bellowes
,
or
Wind
,
(
though
loud
)
is
an
Interiour
Sound
;
But
the
Blowing
thorow
a
Pipe
,
or
Concaue
,
(
though
soft
)
is
an
Exteriour
.
So
likewise
,
the
greatest
Winds
,
if
they
haue
no
Coarctation
,
or
blow
not
hollow
,
giue
an
Interiour
Sound
;
The
Whistling
or
hollow
Wind
yeeldeth
a
Singing
,
or
Exteriour
Sound
;
The
former
being
pent
by
some
other
Body
;
The
latter
being
pent
in
by
his
owne
Density
:
And
therfore
we
see
,
that
when
the
Wind
bloweth
hollow
,
it
is
a
Signe
of
Raine
.
The
Flame
,
as
it
moueth
within
it selfe
,
or
is
blowne
by
a
Bellowes
,
giueth
a
Murmur
or
Interiour
Sound
.
There
is
no
Hard
Body
,
but
strucke
against
another
Hard
Body
,
will
yeeld
an
Exteriour
Sound
,
greater
or
lesser
:
In
so
much
as
if
the
Percussion
be
ouer-soft
,
it
may
induce
a
Nullity
of
Sound
;
But
neuer
an
Interiour
Sound
;
As
when
one
treadeth
so
softly
,
that
he
is
not
heard
.
Where
the
Aire
is
the
Percutient
,
pent
,
or
not
pent
,
against
a
Hard
Body
,
it
neuer
giueth
an
Exteriour
Sound
;
As
if
you
blow
strongly
with
a
Bellowes
against
a
Wall
.
Sounds
(
both
Exteriour
and
Interiour
,
)
may
be
made
,
as
well
by
Suction
,
as
by
Emission
of
the
Breath
:
As
in
Whistling
,
or
Breathing
.
It
is
euident
,
and
it
is
one
of
the
strangest
Secrets
in
Sounds
,
that
the
whole
Sound
is
not
in
the
whole
Aire
onely
;
But
the
whole
Sound
is
also
in
euery
small
Part
of
the
Aire
.
Experiments
in
Consort
,
touching
Articulation
of
Sounds
.
So
that
all
the
curious
Diuersity
of
Articulate
Sounds
,
of
the
Voice
of
Man
,
or
Birds
,
will
enter
at
a
small
Cranny
,
Inconfused
.
The
Vnequall
Agitation
of
the
Winds
,
and
the
like
,
though
they
bee
materiall
to
the
Carriage
of
the
Sounds
,
further
,
or
lesse
way
;
yet
they
doe
not
confound
the
Articulation
of
them
at
all
,
within
that
distance
that
they
can
be
heard
;
Though
it
may
be
,
they
make
them
to
be
heard
lesse
Way
,
than
in
a
Still
;
as
hath
beene
partly
touched
.
Ouer-great
Distance
confoundeth
the
Articulation
of
Sounds
;
As
we
see
,
that
you
may
heare
the
Sound
of
a
Preachers
voice
,
or
the
like
,
when
you
cannot
distinguish
what
he
saith
.
And
one
Articulate
Sound
will
confound
another
;
As
when
many
speake
at
once
.
In
the
Experiment
of
Speaking
vnder
Water
,
when
the
Voice
is
reduced
to
such
an
Extreme
Exility
,
yet
the
Articulate
Sounds
,
(
which
are
the
Words
,
)
are
not
confounded
;
as
hath
beene
said
.
I
conceiue
,
that
an
Extreme
Small
,
or
an
Extreme
Great
Sound
,
cannot
be
Articulate
;
But
that
Articulation
requireth
a
Mediocrity
of
Sound
:
For
that
the
Extreme
Small
Sound
confoundeth
the
Articulation
by
Contracting
;
And
the
Great
Sound
,
by
Dispersing
:
And
although
(
as
was
formerly
said
)
a
Sound
Articulate
,
already
created
,
will
be
contracted
into
a
small
Cranny
;
yet
the
first
Articulation
requireth
more
Dimension
.
It
hath
beene
obserued
,
that
in
a
Roome
,
or
in
a
Chappell
,
Vaulted
below
,
and
Vaulted
likewise
in
the
Roofe
,
a
Preacher
cannot
be
heard
so
well
,
as
in
the
like
Places
not
so
Vaulted
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
the
Subsequent
Words
come
on
,
before
the
Precedent
words
vanish
:
And
therfore
the
Articulate
Sounds
are
more
confused
,
though
the
Grosse
of
the
Sound
be
greater
.
The
Motions
of
the
Tongue
,
Lips
,
Throat
,
Pallat
,
&c.
which
goe
to
the
Making
of
the
seuerall
Alphabeticall
Letters
,
are
worthy
Enquiry
,
and
pertinent
to
the
present
Inquisition
of
Sounds
:
But
because
they
are
subtill
,
and
long
to
describe
,
we
will
refer
them
ouer
,
and
place
them
amongst
the
Experiments
of
Speech
.
The
Hebrewes
haue
beene
diligent
in
it
,
and
haue
assigned
,
which
Letters
are
Labiall
,
which
Dentall
,
which
Gutturall
,
&c.
As
for
the
Latines
,
and
Grecians
,
they
haue
distinguished
betweene
Semi-vowels
,
and
Mutes
;
And
in
Mutes
,
betweene
Mute
Tenues
,
Media
,
and
Aspirata
;
Not
amisse
;
But
yet
not
diligently
enough
.
For
the
speciall
Strokes
,
&
Motions
,
that
create
those
Sounds
,
they
haue
little
enquired
:
As
that
the
Letters
,
B.
P.
F.
M.
are
not
expressed
,
but
with
the
Contracting
,
or
Shutting
of
the
Mouth
;
That
the
Letters
N.
and
B.
cannot
be
pronounced
,
but
that
the
Letter
N.
will
turne
into
M.
As
Hecatonba
,
will
be
Hecatomba
.
That
M.
and
T.
cannot
be
pronounced
together
,
but
P.
will
come
betweene
;
as
Emtus
,
is
pronounced
Emptus
;
And
a
Number
of
the
like
.
So
that
if
you
enquire
to
the
full
;
you
will
finde
,
that
to
the
Making
of
the
whole
Alphabet
,
there
will
be
fewer
Simple
Motions
required
,
than
there
are
Letters
.
The
Lungs
are
the
most
Spongy
Part
of
the
Body
;
And
therefore
ablest
to
contract
,
and
dilate
it selfe
:
And
where
it
contracteth
it selfe
,
it
expelleth
the
Aire
;
which
thorow
the
Artire
,
Throat
,
and
Mouth
,
maketh
the
Voice
:
But
yet
Articulation
is
not
made
,
but
with
the
helpe
of
the
Tongue
,
Pallate
,
and
the
rest
of
those
they
call
Instruments
of
voice
.
There
is
sound
a
Similitude
,
betweene
the
Sound
that
is
made
by
Inanimate
Bodies
,
or
by
Animate
Bodies
,
that
haue
no
Voice
Articulate
;
and
diuers
Letters
of
Articulate
Voices
:
And
commonly
Men
haue
giuen
such
Names
to
those
Sounds
,
as
doe
allude
vnto
the
Articulate
Letters
.
As
Trembling
of
Water
hath
Resemblance
with
the
Letter
L
;
Quenching
of
Hot
Mettalls
,
with
the
Letter
Z
;
Snarling
of
Dogs
,
with
the
Letter
R
;
The
Noise
of
Scritchowles
,
with
the
Letter
Sh
;
Voice
of
Cats
,
with
the
Dypthong
Eu
;
Voice
of
Cuckoes
,
with
the
Dypthong
On
;
Sounds
of
Strings
,
with
the
Letter
Ng
:
So
that
if
a
Man
,
(
for
Curiosity
,
or
Strangenesse
sake
,
)
would
make
a
Puppet
,
or
other
Dead
Body
,
to
pronounce
a
Word
;
Let
him
consider
,
on
the
one
Part
,
the
Motion
of
the
Instruments
of
Voice
;
and
on
the
other
part
the
like
Sounds
made
in
Inanimate
Bodies
;
And
what
Conformity
there
is
that
causeth
the
Similitude
of
Sounds
;
And
by
that
he
may
minister
light
to
that
Effect
.
NATVRALL
HISTORIE
.
III.
Century
.
ALL
Sounds
(
whatsoeuer
)
moue
Round
;
That
is
to
say
;
On
all
Sides
;
Vpwards
;
Downwards
;
Forwards
;
and
Backwards
.
Experiments
in
Consort
,
touching
the
Motions
of
Sounds
,
in
what
Lines
they
are
Circular
,
Oblique
,
Straight
;
Vpwards
,
downwards
;
Forwards
;
Backwards
.
This
appeareth
in
all
Instances
.
Sounds
doe
not
require
to
bee
conueyed
to
the
Sense
,
in
a
Right
Line
,
as
Visibles
doe
,
but
may
be
Arched
;
Though
it
be
true
,
they
moue
strongest
in
a
Right
Line
;
Which
neuerthelesse
is
not
caused
by
the
Rightnesse
of
the
Line
,
but
by
the
Shortnesse
of
the
distance
;
Linea
recta
breuissima
.
And
therefore
we
see
,
if
a
Wall
be
betweene
,
and
you
speake
on
the
one
Side
,
you
heare
it
on
the
other
;
Which
is
not
because
the
Sound
Passeth
thorow
the
Wall
;
but
Archeth
ouer
the
Wall
.
If
the
Sound
be
Stopped
and
Reperenssed
,
it
commeth
about
on
the
other
Side
,
in
an
Oblique
Line
.
So
,
if
in
a
Coach
,
one
side
of
the
Boot
be
downe
,
and
the
other
vp
;
And
a
Begger
beg
on
the
Close
Side
;
you
would
thinke
that
he
were
on
the
Open
Side
.
So
likewise
,
if
a
Bell
or
Clocke
,
be
(
for
Example
)
on
the
North-side
of
a
Chamber
;
And
the
Window
of
that
Chamber
be
vpon
the
South
;
He
that
is
in
the
Chamber
,
will
thinke
the
Sound
came
from
the
South
.
Sounds
,
though
they
spread
round
,
(
so
that
there
is
an
Orbe
,
or
Sphericall
Area
of
the
Sound
;
)
yet
they
moue
strongest
,
and
goe
furthest
in
the
Fore-lines
,
from
the
first
Locall
Impulsion
of
the
Aire
.
And
therefore
in
Preaching
,
you
shall
heare
the
Preachers
Voice
,
better
,
before
the
Pulpit
,
than
behinde
it
,
or
on
the
Sides
,
though
it
stand
open
.
So
a
Plarquebuz
,
or
Ordnance
,
will
be
further
heard
,
forwards
,
from
the
Mouth
of
the
Peece
,
than
backwards
,
or
on
the
Sides
.
It
may
bee
doubted
,
that
Sounds
doe
moue
better
,
Downwards
than
Vpwards
,
Pulpits
are
placed
high
aboue
the
People
.
And
when
the
Ancient
Generalls
spake
to
their
Armies
,
they
had
euer
a
Mount
of
Turfe
cast
vp
,
whereupon
they
stood
:
But
this
may
be
imputed
to
the
Stops
and
Obstacles
,
which
the
voice
meeteth
with
,
when
one
speaketh
vpon
the
leuell
.
But
there
seemeth
to
be
more
in
it
:
For
it
may
bee
,
that
Spirituall
Species
,
both
of
Things
Visible
and
Sounds
,
doe
moue
better
Downewards
than
Vpwards
.
It
is
a
strange
Thing
,
that
to
Men
standing
below
on
the
Ground
,
those
that
be
on
the
Top
of
Pauls
,
seeme
much
lesse
then
they
are
,
and
cannot
bee
knowne
;
But
to
Men
aboue
,
those
below
seeme
nothing
so
much
lessened
,
and
may
bee
knowne
;
yet
it
is
true
,
that
all
things
to
them
aboue
,
seeme
also
somewhat
contracted
,
and
better
collected
into
Figure
:
as
Knots
in
Gardens
shew
best
from
an
Vpper
window
,
or
Tarras
.
But
to
make
an
exact
Triall
of
it
,
let
a
Man
stand
in
a
Chamber
,
not
much
aboue
the
Ground
,
and
speake
out
at
the
window
,
through
a
Trunke
,
to
one
standing
on
the
Ground
,
as
softly
as
he
can
,
the
other
laying
his
Eare
close
to
the
Truncke
:
Then
viâ
versa
,
let
the
other
speake
below
keeping
the
same
Proportion
of
Softnesse
;
And
let
him
in
the
Chamber
lay
his
Eare
to
the
Trunck
:
And
this
may
be
the
aptest
Meanes
,
to
make
a
Iudgement
,
whether
Sounds
descend
,
or
ascend
,
better
.
After
that
Sound
is
created
,
(
which
is
in
a
moment
,
)
wee
finde
it
continueth
some
small
time
,
melting
by
little
and
little
.
Experiments
in
Consort
touching
the
Lasting
and
Perishing
of
Sounds
;
And
touching
the
Time
they
require
to
their
Generation
,
or
Delation
.
In
this
there
is
a
wonderfull
Errour
amongst
Men
,
who
take
this
to
be
a
Continuance
of
the
First
Sound
;
whereas
(
in
truth
)
it
is
a
Renouation
,
and
not
a
Continuance
:
For
the
Body
percussed
,
hath
by
reason
of
the
Percussion
,
a
Trepidation
wrought
in
the
Minute
Parts
;
and
so
reneweth
the
Percussion
of
the
Aire
.
This
appeareth
manifestly
,
because
that
the
Melting
Sound
of
a
Bell
,
or
of
a
String
strucken
,
which
is
thought
to
be
a
Continuance
,
ceaseth
as
soone
as
the
Bell
or
String
are
touched
.
As
in
a
Virginall
,
as
soone
as
euer
the
Iacke
falleth
,
and
toucheth
the
String
,
the
Sound
ceaseth
;
And
in
a
Bell
,
after
you
haue
chimed
vpon
it
,
if
you
touch
the
Bell
,
the
Sound
ceaseth
,
And
in
this
you
must
distingush
,
that
there
are
two
Trepidations
:
The
one
Manifest
,
and
Locall
;
As
of
the
Bell
,
when
it
is
Pensile
:
The
other
Secret
,
of
the
Minute
Parts
;
such
as
is
described
in
the
9th
Instance
.
But
it
is
true
,
that
the
Locall
helpeth
the
Secret
great'y
.
We
see
likewise
that
in
Pipes
,
and
other
winde
Instruments
,
the
Sound
lasteth
no
longer
,
than
the
breath
bloweth
.
It
is
true
,
that
in
Organs
,
there
is
a
confused
Murmur
for
a
while
,
after
you
haue
plaied
;
But
that
is
but
while
the
Bellowes
are
in
Falling
.
It
is
certaine
,
that
in
the
Noise
of
great
Ordnance
,
where
many
are
shot
off
together
,
the
Sound
will
be
carried
,
(
at
the
least
)
twenty
Miles
vpon
the
land
,
and
much
further
vpon
the
Water
.
But
then
it
will
come
to
the
Eare
;
Not
in
the
Instant
of
the
Shooting
off
,
but
it
will
come
an
Houre
,
or
more
later
.
This
must
needs
be
a
Continuance
of
the
First
Sound
;
For
there
is
no
Trepidation
which
should
renew
it
.
And
the
Touching
of
the
Ordnance
would
not
extinguish
the
Sound
the
sooner
:
So
that
in
great
Sounds
the
Continuance
is
more
than
Momentany
.
To
try
exactly
the
time
wherein
Sound
is
Delated
.
Let
a
Man
stand
in
a
Steeple
,
and
haue
with
him
a
Taper
;
And
let
some
Vaile
be
put
before
the
Tapar
;
And
let
another
Man
stand
in
the
Field
a
Mile
off
.
Then
let
him
in
the
Steeple
strike
the
Bell
;
And
in
the
same
Instant
withdraw
the
Vaile
;
And
so
let
him
in
the
Field
tell
by
his
Pulse
what
distance
of
Time
there
is
,
betweene
the
Light
seene
,
and
the
Sound
heards
For
it
is
certaine
that
the
Delation
of
Light
is
in
an
Instant
.
This
may
be
tried
in
farre
greater
Distances
,
allowing
greater
Lights
and
Sounds
.
It
is
generally
knowne
and
obserued
,
that
Light
,
and
the
Obiect
of
Sight
,
moue
swifter
than
Sound
;
For
we
see
the
Flash
of
a
Peece
is
seene
sooner
,
than
the
Noise
is
heard
.
And
in
Flewing
wood
,
if
one
be
some
distance
off
,
he
shall
see
the
Arme
lifted
vp
for
a
second
Stroke
,
before
he
heare
the
Noise
of
the
first
.
And
the
greater
the
Distance
,
the
greater
is
the
Preuention
:
As
we
see
in
Thunder
,
which
is
farre
off
;
where
the
Lightning
Precedeth
the
Cracke
a
good
space
.
Colours
,
when
they
represent
themselues
to
the
Eye
,
fade
not
,
nor
melt
not
by
Degrees
,
but
appeare
still
in
the
same
Strength
;
But
Sounds
melt
,
and
vanish
,
by
little
and
little
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
Colours
participate
nothing
with
the
Motion
of
the
Aire
;
but
Sounds
doe
.
And
it
is
a
plaine
Argument
,
that
Sound
participateth
of
some
Locall
Motion
,
of
the
Aire
,
(
as
a
Cause
Sinè
quônon
.
)
in
that
,
it
perisheth
so
suddenly
;
For
in
euery
Section
,
or
Impulsion
of
the
Aire
,
the
Aire
doth
suddenly
restore
and
reunite
it selfe
;
which
the
Water
also
doth
,
but
nothing
so
swiftly
.
In
the
Trialls
of
the
Passage
,
or
Not
Passage
of
Sounds
,
you
must
take
heed
,
you
mistake
not
the
Passing
By
the
Sides
of
a
Body
,
for
the
Passing
thorow
a
Body
:
And
therefore
you
must
make
the
Intercepting
Body
very
close
;
For
Sound
will
passe
thorow
a
small
Chincke
.
Experiments
in
Consort
,
touching
the
Passage
and
Interceptions
of
Sounds
.
Where
Sound
passeth
thorow
a
Hard
,
or
Close
Body
(
as
thorow
Water
;
thorow
a
Wall
;
thorow
Metall
,
as
in
Hawkes
Bells
stopped
;
&c.
)
the
Hard
,
or
Close
Body
,
must
be
but
thinne
and
small
;
For
else
it
deadeth
and
extinguisheth
the
Sound
vtterly
.
And
therefore
,
in
the
Experiment
of
Speaking
in
Aire
vnder
Water
,
the
Voice
must
not
be
very
deepe
within
the
Water
:
For
then
the
Sound
pierceth
not
.
So
if
you
speake
on
the
further
side
of
a
Close
Wall
,
if
the
Wall
be
very
thicke
,
you
shall
not
be
heard
:
And
if
there
were
an
Hogshead
emptie
,
whereof
the
Sides
were
some
two
Foot
thicke
,
and
the
Bunghole
stopped
;
I
conceiue
the
Resounding
Sound
,
by
the
Communication
of
the
Outward
Aire
,
with
the
Aire
within
,
would
be
little
or
none
,
But
onely
you
shall
heare
the
Noise
of
the
Outward
Knocke
,
as
if
the
Vessell
were
full
.
It
is
certaine
,
that
in
the
Passage
of
Sounds
thorow
Hard
Bodies
,
the
Spirit
of
Pneumaticall
Part
of
the
Hard
body
it selfe
,
doth
cooperate
;
But
much
better
,
when
the
Sides
of
that
Hard
Body
are
strucke
,
than
when
the
Percussion
is
onely
within
,
without
:
Touch
of
the
Sides
:
Take
therefore
a
Hawkes
Bell
,
the
holes
;
stopped
vp
,
and
hang
it
by
a
threed
,
within
a
Bottle
Glasse
;
And
stop
the
Mouth
of
the
Glasse
,
very
close
with
Wax
;
And
then
shake
the
Glasse
,
and
see
whether
the
Bell
giue
any
Sound
at
all
,
or
how
weake
?
But
note
,
that
you
must
in
stead
of
the
Threed
,
take
a
Wire
;
Or
else
let
the
Glasse
haue
a
great
Belly
;
lest
when
you
shake
the
Bell
,
it
dash
vpon
the
Sides
of
the
Glasse
.
It
is
plaine
,
that
a
very
Long
,
and
Downe-right
Arch
,
for
the
Sound
to
passe
,
will
extinguish
the
Sound
quite
;
So
that
that
Sound
,
which
would
be
heard
ouer
a
wall
,
will
not
be
heard
ouer
a
Church
;
Nor
that
Sound
,
which
will
be
heard
,
if
you
stand
some
distance
from
the
wall
,
will
be
heard
if
you
stand
close
vnder
the
Wall
.
Soft
and
Foraminous
Bodies
,
in
the
first
Creation
of
the
Sound
,
will
dead
it
;
For
the
Striking
against
Cloth
,
or
Furre
,
will
make
little
Sound
;
As
hath
beene
said
:
But
in
the
Passage
of
the
Sound
,
they
will
admit
it
better
than
Harder
Bodies
;
As
we
see
,
that
Curtaines
,
and
Hangings
,
will
not
stay
the
Sound
much
;
But
Glasse-windowes
,
if
they
be
very
Close
,
will
checke
a
Sound
more
,
than
the
like
Thicknesse
of
Cloth
.
Wee
see
also
,
in
the
Rumbling
of
the
Belly
,
how
easily
the
Sound
passeth
thorow
the
Guts
,
and
Skin
.
It
is
worthy
the
Enquiry
,
whether
Great
Sounds
,
(
As
of
Ordnance
,
or
Bells
,
)
become
not
more
Weake
,
and
Exile
,
when
they
passe
thorow
Small
Crannies
.
For
the
Subtilties
of
Articulate
Sounds
,
(
it
may
be
,
)
may
passe
thorow
Small
Crannies
,
not
confused
;
But
the
Magnitude
of
the
Sound
(
perhaps
,
)
not
so
well
.
The
Mediums
of
Sounds
are
Aire
;
Soft
and
Porous
Bodies
;
Also
Water
.
Experiments
in
Consort
touching
the
Medium
of
Sounds
.
And
Hard
Bodies
refuse
not
altogether
to
be
Mediums
of
Sounds
.
But
all
of
them
are
dull
and
vnapt
Deferents
,
except
the
Airè
.
In
Aire
,
the
Thinner
or
Drier
Aire
,
carrieth
not
the
Sound
so
well
,
as
the
more
Dense
;
As
appeareth
in
Night
Sounds
;
And
Euening
Sounds
;
And
Sounds
in
moist
Weather
,
and
Southerne
Winds
.
The
reason
is
already
mentioned
in
the
Title
of
Maioration
of
Sounds
;
Being
for
that
Thinne
Aire
is
better
pierced
;
but
Thicke
Aire
preserueth
the
Sound
better
from
Wast
;
Let
further
Triall
be
made
by
Hollowing
in
Mists
,
and
Gentle
Showers
:
For
(
it
may
be
)
that
will
somewhat
dead
the
Sound
.
How
farreforth
Flame
may
be
a
Medium
of
Sounds
,
(
especially
of
such
Sounds
as
are
created
by
Aire
,
and
not
betwixt
Hard
Bodies
)
let
it
be
tried
,
in
Speaking
where
a
Bonsire
is
betweene
;
But
then
you
must
allow
,
for
some
disturbance
,
the
Noise
that
the
Flame
it selfe
maketh
.
Whether
any
other
Liquours
,
being
made
Mediums
,
cause
a
Diuersity
of
Sound
from
Water
,
it
may
be
tried
:
As
by
the
Knapping
of
the
Tongs
;
Or
Striking
of
the
Bottome
of
a
vessell
,
filled
either
with
Milke
,
or
with
Oyle
;
which
though
they
be
more
light
,
yet
are
they
more
vnequall
Bodies
than
Aire
.
Of
the
Natures
of
the
Mediums
,
we
haue
now
spoken
;
As
for
the
Disposition
of
the
said
Mediums
,
it
doth
consist
in
the
Penning
,
or
not
Penning
of
the
Aire
;
Of
which
we
haue
spoken
before
,
in
the
Title
of
Delation
of
Sounds
:
It
consisteth
also
in
the
Figure
of
the
Concaue
,
through
which
it
passeth
;
Of
which
we
will
speake
next
.
How
the
Figures
of
Pipes
,
or
Concaues
,
through
which
Sounds
passe
;
Or
of
other
Bodies
deferent
;
conduce
to
the
Varietie
and
Alteration
of
the
Sounds
;
Either
in
respect
of
the
Greater
Quantitie
,
or
lesse
Quantitie
of
Aire
,
which
the
Concaues
receiue
;
Or
in
respect
of
the
Carrying
of
Sounds
longer
or
shorter
way
;
Or
in
respect
of
many
other
Circumstances
;
they
haue
beene
touched
,
as
falling
into
other
Titles
.
Experiments
in
Consort
,
what
the
Figures
of
the
Pipes
,
or
Concanes
,
or
the
Bodies
Diferent
conduce
to
the
Sounds
.
But
those
Figures
,
which
we
now
are
to
speake
of
,
wee
intend
to
be
,
as
they
concerne
the
Lines
,
through
which
Sound
passeth
;
As
Straight
;
Crooked
;
Angular
;
Circular
;
&c.
The
Figure
of
a
Bell
pertaketh
of
the
Pyramis
,
but
yet
comming
off
,
and
dilating
more
suddenly
.
The
Figure
of
a
Hunters
Horne
,
and
Cornet
,
is
oblique
;
yet
they
haue
likewise
Straight
Heroes
;
which
if
they
be
of
the
same
Bore
with
the
Oblique
,
differ
little
in
Sound
;
Saue
that
the
Straight
require
somewhat
a
stronger
Blast
.
The
Figures
of
Recorders
,
and
Flates
,
and
Pipes
are
straight
;
But
the
Recorder
hath
a
lesse
Bore
,
and
a
greater
;
Aboue
,
and
below
.
The
Trumpts
hath
the
Figure
of
the
Letter
S
:
which
maketh
that
Purling
Sound
,
&c.
Generally
,
the
Straight
Like
hath
the
cleanest
and
roundest
Sound
,
And
the
Crooked
the
more
Hoarse
,
and
larring
.
Of
a
Sinnous
Pipe
,
that
may
haue
some
foure
Flexions
,
Triall
would
be
made
,
Likewise
of
a
Pipe
,
made
like
a
Crosse
,
open
in
the
middest
.
And
so
likewise
of
an
Angular
Pipe
:
And
see
what
will
be
the
Effects
of
these
seuerall
Sounds
.
And
so
againe
of
a
Circular
Pipe
;
As
if
you
take
a
Pipe
perfect
Round
,
and
make
a
Hole
whereinto
you
shall
blow
;
And
another
Hole
not
farre
from
that
;
But
with
a
Trauerse
or
Stope
betweene
them
;
So
that
your
Breath
may
goe
the
Round
of
the
Circle
,
and
come
forth
at
the
second
Hole
.
You
may
trie
likewise
Per●●ssions
of
Solide
Bodies
of
seuerall
Figures
;
As
Globes
,
Flare
,
Cobes
,
Croffes
,
Triangles
,
&c.
And
their
Combinasions
;
As
Flat
against
Flat
;
And
Co●●●ex
against
Con●●●
;
And
Conn●●●
against
Flat
,
&c.
And
marks
well
the
diversities
of
the
Sounds
.
Tri●●●●
the
difference
in
Sound
of
seuerall
Crasitudre
of
Hard
Bodies
percussed
;
And
take
knowledge
of
the
●●●
of
the
Sounds
.
I
my selfe
haue
tried
,
that
a
Bell
of
Gold
yeeldeth
an
excellent
Sound
,
not
infariour
to
that
of
Siluer
,
or
Brasse
,
but
rather
better
:
yet
wee
see
that
a
peece
of
Money
of
Gold
soundeth
farre
more
flat
than
a
peece
of
Money
of
Siluer
.
The
Harpe
hath
the
Concaue
,
not
along
the
Strings
,
but
acrosse
the
Strings
;
And
no
Instrument
hath
the
Sound
so
Melting
,
and
Prolonged
,
as
the
Irish
Harpe
.
So
as
I
suppose
,
that
if
a
Virginall
were
made
with
a
double
Concaue
;
the
one
all
the
length
as
the
Virginall
hath
;
the
other
at
the
End
of
the
Strings
,
as
the
Harpe
hath
;
It
must
needs
make
the
Sound
perfecter
,
and
not
so
Shallow
,
and
Iarring
.
You
may
trie
it
,
without
any
Sound-Board
along
,
but
only
Harpe-wise
,
at
one
End
of
the
Strings
:
Or
lastly
with
a
double
Concaue
,
at
Each
end
of
the
Strings
one
.
There
is
an
apparent
Diuersitie
betweene
the
Species
Visible
,
and
Audible
,
in
this
;
That
the
Visible
doth
not
mingle
in
the
Medium
,
but
the
Audible
doth
.
Experiments
in
Consort
touching
the
Mixture
of
Sounds
.
For
if
wee
looke
abroad
,
wee
see
Heauen
,
a
number
of
Stars
,
Trees
,
Hills
,
Men
,
Beasts
,
at
once
.
And
the
Species
of
the
one
doth
not
confound
the
other
.
But
if
so
many
Sounds
came
from
seuerall
Parts
,
one
of
them
would
vtterly
confound
the
other
.
So
wee
see
,
that
Voices
or
Consorts
of
Musicke
doe
make
an
Harmony
by
Mixture
,
which
Colours
doe
not
.
It
is
true
neuerthelesse
,
that
a
great
Light
drowneth
a
smaller
,
that
it
cannot
be
seene
;
As
the
Sunne
that
of
a
Gloworme
;
as
well
as
a
Great
Sound
drowneth
a
lesser
.
And
I
suppose
likewise
,
that
if
there
were
two
Lanthornes
of
Glasse
,
the
one
a
Grimsin
,
and
the
other
an
Azure
,
and
a
Candle
within
either
of
them
,
those
Coloured
Lights
would
mingle
and
cast
vpon
a
White
Paper
●
Purple
Colour
.
And
euen
in
Colours
,
they
yeeld
a
faint
and
weake
Mixture
:
For
white
walls
make
Roomes
more
lightsome
than
blacke
,
&c.
But
the
Cause
of
the
Confusion
in
Sounds
,
and
the
Inconfusion
in
Species
Visible
,
is
,
For
that
the
Sight
worketh
in
Right
Lines
,
and
maketh
seuerall
Cones
;
And
so
there
can
be
no
Coincidence
in
the
Eye
,
or
Visuall
Point
:
But
Sounds
,
that
moue
in
Oblique
and
Arcuate
Lines
,
must
needs
encounter
,
and
disturbe
the
one
the
other
.
The
sweetest
and
best
Harmony
is
,
when
euery
Part
,
or
Instrument
,
is
not
heard
by
it selfe
,
but
a
Conflation
of
them
all
;
Which
requireth
to
stand
some
distance
off
.
Euen
as
it
is
in
the
Mixture
of
Perfumes
;
Or
the
Taking
of
the
Smells
of
seuerall
Flowers
in
the
Aire
.
The
Disposition
of
the
Aire
,
in
other
Qualities
,
except
it
be
ioyned
with
Sound
,
hath
no
great
Operation
vpon
Sounds
:
For
whether
the
Aire
be
lightsome
or
darke
,
hot
or
cold
,
quiet
or
stirring
,
(
except
it
be
with
Noise
)
sweet-smelling
,
or
stinking
,
or
the
like
:
it
importeth
not
much
:
Some
petty
Alteration
or
difference
it
may
make
.
But
Sounds
doe
disturbe
and
alter
the
one
the
other
:
Sometimes
the
one
drowning
the
other
,
and
making
it
not
heard
;
Sometimes
the
one
larring
and
discording
with
the
other
,
and
making
a
Confusion
;
Sometimes
the
one
Mingling
and
Compounding
with
the
other
;
and
making
an
Harmony
.
Two
Voices
of
like
lowdnesse
,
will
not
be
heard
,
twice
as
farre
,
as
one
of
them
alone
;
And
two
Candles
of
like
light
,
will
not
make
Things
seene
twice
as
farre
off
,
as
one
.
The
Cause
is
profound
.
But
it
seemeth
that
the
Impressions
from
the
Obiects
of
the
Senses
,
doe
mingle
respectiu●ly
,
euery
one
with
his
kinde
;
But
not
in
proportion
,
as
is
before
demonstrated
:
And
the
reason
may
be
,
because
the
first
Impression
,
which
is
from
Priuatiue
to
Actiue
,
(
As
from
Silence
to
Noise
,
or
from
Darknesse
to
Light
,
)
is
a
greater
Degree
,
than
from
Lesse
Noise
,
to
More
Noise
,
or
from
Lesse
Light
,
to
More
Light
.
And
the
Reason
of
that
againe
may
be
;
For
that
the
Aire
,
after
it
hath
receiued
a
Charge
,
doth
not
receiue
a
Surcharge
,
or
greater
Charge
,
with
like
Appetite
,
as
it
doth
the
first
Charge
.
As
for
the
Encrease
of
Vertue
,
generally
,
what
Proportion
it
beareth
to
the
Encrease
of
the
Matter
,
it
is
a
large
Field
,
and
to
be
handled
by
it selfe
.
All
Reflexions
Concurrent
doe
make
Sounds
Greater
;
But
if
the
Body
that
createth
,
either
,
the
Originall
Sound
,
or
the
Reflexion
,
be
cleane
and
smooth
,
it
maketh
them
Sweeter
.
Experiments
in
Consort
touching
Melioration
of
Sounds
.
Triall
may
be
made
of
a
Lute
,
or
Violl
,
with
the
Belly
of
polished
Brasse
,
in
stead
of
Wood.
We
see
that
euen
in
the
Open
Aire
,
the
Wire
String
is
sweeter
,
than
the
String
of
Guts
.
And
we
see
that
for
Reflexion
,
Water
excelleth
;
As
in
Musick
neare
the
Water
;
Or
in
Eccho's
.
It
hath
beene
tried
,
that
a
Pipe
a
little
moistened
on
the
inside
,
but
yet
so
as
there
be
no
Drops
left
,
maketh
a
more
solemne
Sound
,
than
if
the
Pipe
were
dry
:
But
yet
with
a
sweet
Degree
of
Sibilation
,
or
Purling
.
As
we
touched
it
before
in
the
title
of
Equality
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
all
Things
Porous
,
being
superficially
wet
,
and
(
as
it
were
)
betweene
dry
and
wet
,
become
a
little
more
Euen
and
Smooth
;
But
the
Purling
,
(
which
must
needs
proceed
of
Inequality
,
)
I
take
to
be
bred
betweene
the
Smoothnesse
of
the
in
ward
Surface
of
the
Pipe
,
which
is
wet
;
And
the
Rest
of
the
Wood
of
the
Pipe
,
vnto
which
the
Wet
commeth
nor
,
but
it
remaineth
dry
.
In
Frosty
weather
,
Mosicke
within
doores
soundeth
better
.
Which
may
be
,
by
reason
,
not
of
the
Disposition
of
the
Aire
,
but
of
the
Wood
or
String
of
the
Instrument
;
which
is
made
more
Crispe
,
and
so
more
porous
and
hollow
:
And
we
see
that
Old
Lutes
sound
better
than
New
,
for
the
same
reason
.
And
so
doe
Lute
Strings
that
haue
beene
kept
long
.
Sound
is
likewise
Meliorated
by
the
Mingling
of
open
Aire
with
Pent
Aire
;
Therefore
Triall
may
be
made
,
of
a
Lute
or
Violl
with
a
double
Belly
;
Making
another
Belly
with
a
Knot
oliet
the
Strings
;
yet
so
,
as
there
be
Roome
enough
for
the
Strings
,
and
Roome
enough
to
play
below
that
Belly
.
Triall
may
be
made
also
of
an
Irish
Harpe
,
with
a
Concaue
on
both
Sides
;
Whereas
●●seth
to
haue
it
but
on
one
Side
.
The
doubt
may
be
,
lest
it
should
make
too
much
Resounding
;
wherby
one
Note
would
ouertake
anot●●●
If
you
sing
into
the
Hole
of
a
Drum
,
it
maketh
the
Singing
more
sweet
.
And
so
I
conceiue
it
would
,
if
it
were
a
Song
in
Parts
,
sung
into
seuerall
Drums
;
And
for
handsomnesse
and
strangeness
sake
,
it
would
not
be
amisse
to
haue
a
Curtaine
betweene
the
Place
where
the
Drums
are
,
and
the
Hearers
.
When
a
Sound
is
created
in
a
Wind-Instrument
,
betweene
the
Breath
and
the
Aire
,
yet
if
the
Sound
be
communicate
with
a
more
equall
Body
of
the
Pipe
,
it
meliorateth
the
Sound
.
For
(
no
doubt
)
there
would
be
a
differing
Sound
in
a
Trumpet
,
or
Pipe
of
Wood
;
And
againe
in
a
Trumpet
or
Pipe
of
Brasse
.
It
were
good
to
try
Recorders
and
Hunters
Hornes
of
Brasse
,
what
the
Sound
would
be
.
Sounds
are
meliorated
by
the
Intension
of
the
Sense
;
where
the
Common
Sense
is
collected
most
,
to
the
particular
Sense
of
Hearing
,
and
the
Sight
suspended
:
And
therefore
,
Sounds
are
sweeter
,
(
as
well
as
greater
,
)
in
the
Night
,
than
in
the
Day
;
And
I
suppose
,
they
are
sweeter
to
blinde
Men
,
than
to
Others
:
And
it
is
manifest
,
that
betweene
Sleeping
and
Waking
,
(
when
all
the
Senses
are
bound
and
suspended
)
Musicke
is
farre
sweeter
,
than
when
one
is
fully
Waking
.
It
is
Thing
strange
in
Nature
,
when
it
is
attentiuely
considered
;
How
Children
,
and
some
Birds
,
learne
to
imitate
Speech
.
Experiments
in
Consort
touching
the
Imitation
of
Sounds
.
They
take
no
Marke
(
at
all
)
of
the
Motion
of
the
Mouth
of
Him
that
speaketh
;
For
Birds
are
as
well
taught
in
Darke
,
as
by
Light
.
The
Sounds
of
Speech
are
very
Curious
and
Exquisite
:
So
one
would
thinke
it
were
a
Lesson
hard
to
learne
.
It
is
true
,
that
it
is
done
with
time
,
and
by
little
and
little
,
and
with
many
Essayes
and
Proffers
:
But
all
this
dischargeth
not
the
Wonder
.
It
would
make
a
Man
thinke
(
though
this
which
we
shall
say
may
seeme
exceeding
strange
)
that
there
is
some
Transmission
of
Spirits
;
and
that
the
Spirits
of
the
Teacher
put
in
Motion
,
should
worke
with
the
Spirits
of
the
Learner
,
a
Pre-disposition
to
offer
to
Imitate
;
And
so
to
perfect
the
Imitation
by
degrees
.
But
touching
Operations
by
Transmissions
of
Spirits
,
(
which
is
one
of
the
highest
Secrets
in
Nature
,
)
we
shall
speake
in
due
place
;
Chiefly
when
we
come
to
enquire
of
Imagination
.
But
as
for
Imitation
,
it
is
certaine
,
that
there
is
in
Men
,
and
other
Creatures
,
a
predisposition
to
Imitate
We
see
how
ready
Apes
and
Monkies
are
,
to
imitate
all
Motions
of
Man
:
And
in
the
Catching
of
Dottrells
,
we
see
,
how
the
Foolish
Bird
playeth
the
Ape
in
Gestures
:
And
no
Man
(
in
effect
)
doth
accompany
with
others
,
but
he
learneth
,
(
ere
he
is
aware
,
)
some
Gesture
,
or
Voice
,
or
Fashion
of
the
other
.
In
Imitation
of
Sounds
,
that
Man
should
be
the
Teacher
,
is
no
Part
of
the
Matter
;
For
Birds
will
learne
one
of
another
;
And
there
is
no
Reward
,
by
feeding
,
or
the
like
,
giuen
them
for
the
Imitation
;
And
besides
,
you
shall
haue
Parrots
,
that
will
not
only
Iimitate
Voices
,
but
Laughing
,
Knocking
,
Squeaking
of
a
Doore
vpon
the
Hinges
,
or
of
a
Cart-wheele
;
And
(
in
effect
)
any
other
Noise
they
heare
.
No
Beast
can
imitate
the
Speech
of
Men
,
but
Birds
onely
;
For
the
Ape
it selfe
that
is
so
ready
to
imitate
otherwise
,
attaineth
not
any
degree
of
Imitation
of
Speech
.
It
is
true
,
that
I
haue
knowne
a
Dog
,
that
if
one
how
led
in
his
Eare
,
he
would
fall
a
how
ling
a
great
while
.
What
should
be
the
Aptnesse
of
Birds
,
in
comparison
of
Beasts
,
to
imitate
the
Speech
of
Man
,
may
be
further
enquired
.
We
see
that
Beasts
haue
those
Parts
,
which
they
count
the
Instruments
of
Speech
,
(
as
Lips
,
Teeth
,
&c.
)
liker
vnto
Man
,
than
Birds
.
As
for
the
Necke
,
by
which
the
Throat
passeth
;
we
see
many
Beasts
haue
it
,
for
the
Length
,
as
much
as
Birds
.
What
better
Gorge
,
or
Attire
,
Birds
haue
,
may
be
further
enquired
.
The
Birds
that
are
knowne
to
be
Speakers
,
are
,
Parrots
,
Pyes
,
layes
,
Dawes
,
and
Rauens
.
Of
which
Parrots
haue
an
adunque
Bill
,
but
the
rest
not
.
But
I
conceiue
,
that
the
Apinesse
of
Birds
,
is
not
so
much
in
the
Conformitie
of
the
Organs
of
Speech
,
as
in
their
Attention
.
For
Speech
must
come
by
Hearing
,
and
Learning
;
And
Birds
giue
more
heed
,
and
marke
Sounds
,
more
than
Beasts
;
Because
naturally
they
are
more
delighted
with
them
,
and
practise
them
more
;
As
appeareth
in
their
Singing
.
We
see
also
,
that
those
that
teach
Birds
to
sing
,
doe
keepe
them
Waking
,
to
increase
their
Attention
.
We
see
also
,
that
Cock-Birds
,
amongst
Singing-Birds
,
are
euer
the
better
Singers
;
which
may
be
,
because
they
are
more
liuely
,
and
listen
more
.
Labour
,
and
Intention
to
imitate
voices
,
doth
conduce
much
to
Imitation
:
And
therfore
we
see
,
that
there
be
certaine
P●nt●vimi
that
will
represent
the
voices
of
Players
of
Enterludes
,
so
to
life
,
as
if
you
see
them
not
,
you
would
thinke
they
were
those
Players
themselues
;
and
so
the
Voices
of
other
Men
that
they
heare
.
There
haue
beene
some
,
that
could
counterfeit
the
Distance
of
Voices
,
(
which
is
a
Secondary
Obiect
of
Hearing
,
)
in
such
sort
;
As
when
they
stand
fast
by
you
,
you
would
thinke
the
Speech
came
from
a
farre
off
,
in
a
fearefull
manner
.
How
this
is
done
,
may
be
further
enquired
.
But
I
see
no
great
vse
of
it
,
but
for
Imposture
,
in
counterfeiting
Ghosts
or
Spirits
.
There
be
three
Kindes
of
Reflexions
of
Sounds
,
A
Reflexion
Concurrent
;
A
Reflexion
Iterant
,
which
we
call
Eccho
;
And
a
Super-reflexion
,
or
an
Eccho
of
an
Eccho
,
wherof
the
first
hath
beene
handled
in
the
Title
of
Magnitude
of
Sounds
:
The
Latter
two
we
will
now
speake
of
.
Experiments
in
Consort
,
touching
the
Reflexion
of
Sounds
.
The
Reflexion
of
Species
Visible
,
Mirrours
,
you
may
command
;
Because
passing
in
Right
Lines
,
they
may
be
guided
to
any
Point
:
But
the
Reflexion
of
Sounds
is
hard
to
master
;
Because
the
Sound
filling
great
Spaces
in
Arched
Lines
,
cannot
be
so
guided
:
and
therfore
we
see
there
hath
not
beene
practised
,
any
Meanes
to
make
Artificiall
Eccho's
.
And
no
Eccho
already
knowne
returneth
in
a
very
narrow
Roome
.
The
Naturall
Eccho's
are
made
vpon
Walls
,
Woods
,
Rockes
,
Hills
,
and
Banckes
;
As
for
Waters
,
being
neare
,
they
make
a
Concurrent
Eccho
;
But
being
further
off
,
(
as
vpon
a
large
Riuer
)
they
make
an
Iterant
Eccho
:
For
there
is
no
difference
betweene
the
Concurrent
Eccho
,
and
the
Iterant
,
but
the
Quicknesse
,
or
Slownesse
of
the
Returne
.
But
there
is
no
doubt
,
but
Water
doth
helpe
the
Delation
of
Eccho
;
as
well
as
it
helpeth
the
Delution
of
Originall
Sounds
.
It
is
certaine
,
(
as
hath
beene
formerly
touched
,
)
that
if
you
speake
thorow
a
Truncke
,
stopped
at
the
further
end
,
you
shall
finde
a
Blast
returne
vpon
your
Mouth
,
but
no
Sound
at
all
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
the
Closenesse
,
which
preferueth
the
Originall
,
is
not
able
to
preserue
the
Reflected
Sound
:
Besides
that
Eccho's
are
seldom
created
,
but
by
loud
Sounds
.
And
therfore
there
is
lesse
hope
of
Artificiall
Eccho's
in
Aire
,
pent
in
a
narrow
Concaue
.
Neuerthelesse
it
hath
beene
tried
,
that
One
leaning
ouer
a
Well
,
of
25.
Fathome
deepe
,
and
speaking
,
though
but
softly
,
(
yet
not
so
soft
as
a
whisper
,
)
the
Water
returned
a
good
Audible
Eccho
.
It
would
be
tried
,
whether
Speaking
in
Caues
,
where
there
is
no
Issue
,
saue
where
you
speake
,
will
not
yeeld
Eccho's
,
as
Wells
doe
.
The
Eccho
commeth
as
the
Originall
Sound
doth
,
in
a
Round
Orbe
of
Aire
:
It
were
good
to
try
the
Creating
of
the
Eccho
,
where
the
Body
Repercussing
maketh
an
Angle
:
As
against
the
Returne
of
a
Wall
,
&c.
Also
we
see
that
in
Mirrours
,
there
is
the
like
Angle
of
Incidence
,
from
the
Obiect
to
the
Glasse
,
and
from
the
Glasse
to
the
Eye
.
And
if
you
strike
a
Ball
side-long
,
nor
full
vpon
the
Surface
,
the
Rebound
will
be
as
much
the
contrary
way
;
Whether
there
be
any
such
Re●ilience
in
Eccho's
,
(
that
is
,
whether
a
Man
shall
heare
better
,
if
he
stand
aside
the
Body
Repercussing
,
than
if
he
stand
where
he
speaketh
,
or
any
where
in
a
right
Line
betweene
;
)
may
be
tried
.
Triall
likewise
would
be
made
,
by
Standing
nearer
the
Place
of
Repercussing
,
than
he
that
speaketh
;
And
againe
by
Standing
further
off
,
than
hee
that
speaketh
;
And
so
Knowledge
would
be
taken
,
whether
Eccho's
,
as
well
as
Originall
Sounds
,
be
not
strongest
neare
hand
.
There
be
many
Places
,
where
you
shall
heare
a
Number
of
Eccho's
,
one
after
another
:
And
it
is
,
when
there
is
Variety
of
Hills
,
or
Woods
,
some
nearer
,
some
further
off
:
So
that
the
Returne
from
the
further
,
being
last
created
,
will
be
likewise
last
heard
.
As
the
Voice
goeth
round
,
as
well
towards
the
Backe
,
as
towards
the
Front
of
him
that
speaketh
;
So
likewise
doth
the
Eccho
;
For
you
haue
many
Back
-
Eccho's
to
the
Place
where
you
stand
.
To
make
an
Eccho
,
that
will
report
,
three
,
or
foure
,
or
fiue
Words
,
distinctly
,
it
is
requisite
,
that
the
Body
Repercussing
,
be
a
good
distance
off
:
For
if
it
be
neare
,
and
yet
not
so
neare
,
as
to
make
a
Concurrent
Eccho
,
it
choppeth
with
you
vpon
the
sudden
.
It
is
requisite
likewise
,
that
the
Aire
be
not
much
pent
.
For
Aire
,
at
a
great
distance
,
pent
,
worketh
the
same
effect
with
Aire
,
at
large
,
in
a
small
distance
.
And
therefore
in
the
Triall
of
Speaking
in
the
Well
,
though
the
Well
was
deepe
,
the
Voice
came
backe
,
suddenly
;
And
would
beare
the
Report
but
of
two
Words
.
For
Eccho's
vpon
Eccho's
,
there
is
a
rare
Instance
thereof
in
a
Place
,
which
I
will
now
exactly
describe
.
It
is
some
three
or
foure
Miles
from
Paris
,
neere
a
Towne
called
Pont-charenton
;
And
some
Bird-bolt
shot
,
or
more
,
from
the
Riuer
of
Seane
.
The
Roome
is
a
Chappell
,
or
small
Church
.
The
Walls
all
standing
,
both
at
the
Sides
,
and
at
the
Ends.
Two
Rowes
of
Pillars
,
after
the
manner
of
Isles
of
Churches
,
also
standing
;
The
Roofe
all
open
,
not
so
much
as
any
Embowment
neere
any
of
the
walls
left
.
There
was
against
euery
Pillar
,
a
Stacke
of
Billets
,
aboue
a
Mans
Height
;
which
the
Watermen
,
that
bring
Wood
downe
the
Seane
,
in
Stacks
,
and
not
in
Boats
,
laid
there
(
as
it
seemeth
)
for
their
ease
.
Speaking
at
the
one
End
,
I
did
heare
it
returne
the
Voice
thirteene
seuerall
times
;
And
I
haue
heard
of
others
,
that
it
would
returne
sixteene
times
:
For
I
was
there
about
three
of
the
Clocke
in
the
Afternoone
:
And
it
is
best
,
(
as
all
other
Eccho's
are
)
in
the
Euening
.
It
is
manifest
,
that
it
is
not
Eccho's
from
seuerall
places
,
but
a
Tossing
of
the
Voice
,
as
a
Ball
,
to
and
fro
;
Like
to
Reflexions
in
Looking-glasses
;
where
if
you
place
one
Glasse
before
,
and
another
behinde
,
you
shall
see
the
Glasse
behinde
with
the
Image
,
within
the
Glasse
before
;
And
againe
,
the
Glasse
before
in
that
;
and
diuers
such
Super-Reflexions
,
till
the
species
speciei
at
last
die
.
For
it
is
euery
Returne
weaker
,
and
more
shady
.
In
like
manner
,
the
Voice
in
that
Chappell
,
createth
speciem
,
speciei
,
and
maketh
succeeding
Super-Reflexions
;
For
it
melteth
by
degrees
,
and
euery
Reflexion
is
weaker
than
the
former
:
So
that
,
if
you
speake
three
Words
,
it
will
(
perhaps
)
some
three
times
report
you
the
whole
three
Words
;
And
then
the
two
latter
Words
for
some
times
;
And
then
the
last
Word
alone
for
some
times
;
Still
fading
,
and
growing
weaker
.
And
whereas
in
Eccho's
of
one
Returne
,
it
is
much
to
heare
foure
or
fiue
Words
;
In
this
Eccho
of
so
many
Returnes
,
vpon
the
matter
,
you
heare
aboue
twenty
Words
,
for
three
.
The
like
Eccho
vpon
Eccho
,
but
only
with
two
Reports
,
hath
beene
obserued
to
be
,
if
you
stand
betweene
a
House
,
and
a
Hill
,
and
lure
towards
the
Hill
.
For
the
House
will
giue
a
Backe-Eccho
;
One
taking
it
from
the
other
,
and
the
latter
the
weaker
.
There
are
certaine
Letters
,
that
an
Eccho
will
hardly
expresse
;
As
S
,
for
one
;
Especially
being
Principiall
in
a
Word
.
I
remember
well
,
that
when
I
went
to
the
Eccho
at
Pont-Charenton
,
there
was
an
Old
Parisian
,
that
tooke
it
to
be
the
Worke
of
Spirits
,
and
of
good
Spirits
.
For
,
(
said
he
)
call
Saten
,
and
the
Eccho
will
not
deliuer
backe
the
Deuils
name
;
But
will
say
,
Va●'on
;
Which
is
as
much
in
French
,
as
Apage
,
or
A●oid
.
And
thereby
I
did
hap
to
finde
,
that
an
Eccho
would
not
returne
S
,
being
but
a
Hissing
and
an
Interiour
Sound
.
Eccho's
are
some
more
sudden
,
and
chop
againe
,
as
soone
as
the
Voice
is
deliuered
;
As
hath
beene
partly
said
:
Others
are
more
deliberate
,
that
is
,
giue
more
Space
betweene
the
Voice
,
and
the
Eccho
;
which
is
caused
by
the
locall
Nearenesse
,
or
Distance
:
Some
will
report
a
longer
Traine
of
Words
;
And
some
a
shorter
:
Some
more
loud
(
full
as
loud
as
the
Originall
,
and
sometimes
more
loud
;
)
And
some
weaker
and
fainter
.
Where
Eccho's
come
from
seuerall
Parts
,
at
the
same
distance
,
they
must
needs
make
(
as
it
were
)
a
Quire
of
Eccho's
,
and
so
make
the
Report
greater
,
and
euen
a
Continued
Eccho
;
which
you
shall
finde
in
some
Hills
,
that
stand
encompassed
,
Theater-like
.
It
doth
not
yet
appeare
,
that
there
is
Refraction
in
Sounds
,
as
well
as
in
Species
Visible
.
For
I
doe
not
thinke
,
that
if
a
Sound
should
passe
through
diuers
Mediums
,
(
as
Aire
,
Cloth
,
Wood
)
it
would
deliuer
the
Sound
,
in
a
differing
Place
,
from
that
vnto
which
it
is
deferred
;
which
is
the
Proper
Effect
of
Refraction
.
But
Maioration
,
which
is
also
the
Worke
of
Refraction
,
appeareth
plainly
in
Sounds
,
(
as
hath
beene
handled
at
full
;
)
But
it
is
not
by
Diuersitie
of
Mediums
.
We
haue
obitèr
,
for
Demonstrations
sake
,
vsed
in
diuers
Instances
,
the
Examples
of
the
Sight
,
and
Things
Visible
,
to
illustrate
the
Nature
of
Sounds
.
Experiments
in
Consort
touching
the
Consent
and
Dissint
between
Visibles
&
Audibles
,
But
wee
thinke
good
now
to
prosecute
that
Comparison
more
fully
.
CONSENT
OF
VISIBLES
,
and
Audibles
.
BOth
of
them
spread
themselues
in
Round
,
and
fill
a
whole
Floare
or
Orbe
,
vnto
certaine
Limits
:
And
are
carried
a
great
way
:
And
doe
languish
and
lessen
by
degrees
,
according
to
the
Distance
of
the
Obiects
from
the
Sensories
.
Both
of
them
haue
the
whole
Species
in
euery
small
Portion
of
the
Aire
,
or
Medium
;
So
as
the
Species
doe
passe
through
small
Crannies
,
without
Confusion
:
As
we
see
ordinarily
in
Leuels
,
as
to
the
Eye
;
And
in
Crannies
,
or
Chinks
,
as
to
the
Sound
.
Both
of
them
are
of
a
sudden
and
easie
Generation
and
Delation
;
And
likewise
perish
swiftly
,
and
suddenly
;
As
if
you
remoue
the
Light
;
Or
touch
the
Bodies
that
giue
the
Sound
.
Both
of
them
doe
receiue
and
carry
exquisite
and
accurate
Differences
;
As
of
Colours
,
Figures
,
Motions
,
Distances
,
in
Visibles
;
And
of
Articulate
Voices
,
Tones
,
Songs
,
and
Quauerings
,
in
Audibles
.
Both
of
them
in
their
Vertue
and
Working
,
doe
not
appeare
to
emit
any
Corporall
Substance
into
their
Mediums
,
or
the
Orbe
of
their
Vertue
;
Neither
againe
to
raise
or
stirre
any
euident
locall
Motion
in
their
Mediums
,
as
they
passe
;
But
only
to
carrry
certaine
Spirituall
Species
;
The
Perfect
Knowledge
of
the
Cause
whereof
,
being
hitherto
scarcely
attained
,
wee
shall
search
and
handle
in
due
place
.
Both
of
them
seeme
not
to
generate
or
produce
any
other
Effect
in
Nature
,
but
such
as
appertaineth
to
their
proper
Obiects
,
and
Senses
,
and
are
otherwise
Barren
.
But
Both
of
them
in
their
owne
proper
Action
,
doe
worke
three
manifest
Effects
.
The
First
,
in
that
the
Stronger
Species
drawneth
the
E●sser
;
As
the
Light
of
the
Sunne
,
the
light
of
a
Glow-worme
;
The
Report
of
an
Ordnance
,
the
Voice
;
The
Second
,
in
that
an
Obiect
of
Surcharge
or
Excesse
destroyeth
the
Sense
;
As
the
Light
of
the
Sunne
the
Eye
,
a
violent
Sound
(
neare
the
Eare
)
the
Hearing
:
The
Third
,
in
that
both
of
them
will
be
reuerberate
;
As
in
Mirrours
;
And
in
Eccho's
.
Neither
of
them
doth
destroy
or
hinder
the
Species
of
the
other
,
although
they
encounter
in
the
same
Medium
;
As
Light
or
Colour
hinder
not
Sound
;
Nor
●contr●
.
Both
of
them
affect
the
Sense
in
Liuing
Creatures
,
and
yeeld
Obiects
of
Pleasure
and
Dislike
:
Yet
neuerthelesse
,
the
Obiects
of
them
doe
also
(
if
it
be
well
obserued
)
affect
and
worke
vpon
dead
Things
;
Namely
,
such
as
haue
some
Conformity
with
the
Organs
of
the
two
Senses
;
As
Visibles
worke
vpon
a
Looking-glasse
,
which
is
like
the
Pupill
of
the
Eye
;
And
Audibles
vpon
the
Places
of
Eccho
,
which
resemble
,
in
some
sort
,
the
Cauerne
and
structure
of
the
Eare.
Both
of
them
doe
diuersly
worke
,
as
they
haue
their
Medium
diuersly
disposed
.
So
a
Trembling
Medium
(
as
Smoake
)
maketh
the
Obiect
seeme
to
tremble
;
and
a
Rising
or
Falling
Medium
(
as
Winds
)
maketh
the
Sounds
to
rise
,
or
fall
.
To
Both
,
the
Medium
,
which
it
the
most
Prop●out●
and
Conducible
,
is
Aire
;
For
Glasse
or
Water
,
&c.
are
not
comparable
.
In
Both
of
them
,
where
the
Obiect
is
Fine
and
Accurate
,
it
conduceth
much
to
haue
the
Sense
Intentiue
,
and
Erect
;
In
so
much
as
you
contract
your
Eye
,
when
you
would
see
sharply
;
And
erect
your
Eare
,
when
you
would
heare
attentiuely
;
which
in
Beasts
that
haue
Eares
moueable
,
is
most
manifest
.
The
Beames
of
Light
,
when
they
are
multiplyed
,
and
conglomerate
,
generate
Heat
;
which
is
a
different
Action
,
from
the
Action
of
Sight
:
And
the
Multiplication
and
Conglomeration
of
Sounds
doth
generate
an
extreme
Rarefaction
of
the
Aire
;
which
is
an
Action
materiate
,
differing
from
the
Action
of
Sound
;
If
it
be
true
(
which
is
anciently
reported
)
that
Birds
,
with
great
shouts
,
haue
fallen
downe
.
DISSENTS
OF
VISIBLES
,
and
Audibles
.
THe
Species
of
Visibles
soeme
to
be
Emissions
of
Beames
from
the
Obiect
seene
;
Almost
like
Odours
;
saue
that
they
are
more
Incorporecall
:
But
the
Species
of
Audibles
seeme
to
Participate
more
with
Locall
Motion
,
like
Percussions
or
Impressions
made
vpon
the
Aire
.
So
that
whereas
all
Bodies
doe
seeme
to
worke
in
two
manners
;
Either
by
the
Communication
of
their
Natures
;
Or
by
the
Impressions
and
Signatures
of
their
Motions
;
The
Diffusion
of
Species
Visible
seemeth
to
participate
more
of
the
former
Operation
;
and
the
Species
Audible
of
the
latter
.
The
Species
of
Audibles
seeme
to
be
carried
more
manifestly
thorow
the
Aire
,
than
the
Species
of
Visibles
:
For
(
I
conceiue
)
that
a
Contrary
strong
Wind
will
not
much
hinder
the
Sight
of
Visibles
,
as
it
will
doe
the
Hearing
of
Sounds
.
There
is
one
Difference
,
aboue
all
others
,
betweene
Visibles
and
Audibles
,
that
is
the
most
remarkable
;
As
that
wherupon
many
smaller
Differences
doe
depend
:
Namely
,
that
Visibles
,
(
except
Lights
,
)
are
carried
in
Right
Lines
;
and
Audibles
in
Ar●●●
Lines
.
Heriee
it
commeth
to
passe
,
that
Visibles
doe
not
intermingle
;
and
confound
one
another
,
as
hath
beene
said
before
;
But
Sounds
doe
.
Hence
it
commeth
,
that
the
Solidity
of
Bodies
doth
not
much
hinder
the
Sight
,
so
that
the
Bodies
be
cleare
.
and
the
Pores
in
a
Right
Line
as
in
Glasse
,
Crystall
,
Diamonds
,
Water
,
&c.
But
a
thin
Scarse
,
or
Handkerchiefe
,
though
they
be
Bodies
nothing
so
solide
,
hinder
the
Sight
:
Whereas
(
contrariwise
)
these
Porous
Bodies
doe
not
much
hinder
the
Hearing
,
but
solide
Bodies
doe
almost
stop
it
,
or
at
the
least
attenuate
it
.
Hence
also
it
commeth
,
that
to
the
Reflexion
of
Visibles
,
small
Glasses
suffice
;
but
to
the
Reuerberation
of
Audibles
,
are
required
greater
Spaces
,
as
hath
likewise
beene
said
before
.
Visibles
are
seene
further
off
,
than
Sounds
are
heard
;
Allowing
neuerthelesse
the
Rate
of
their
Bignesse
;
For
otherwise
a
great
Sound
will
be
heard
further
off
,
than
a
Small
Body
seene
.
Visibles
require
(
generally
)
some
Distance
betweene
the
Obiect
,
and
the
Eye
,
to
bee
better
seene
;
Whereas
in
Audibles
,
the
nearer
the
Approch
of
the
Sound
is
to
the
Sense
,
the
better
.
But
in
this
there
may
be
a
double
Errour
.
The
one
,
because
to
Seeing
,
there
is
required
Light
;
And
any
thing
that
toucheth
the
Pupill
of
the
Eye
(
all
ouer
,
)
excludeth
the
Light
.
For
I
haue
heard
of
a
Person
very
credible
,
(
who
himselfe
was
cured
of
a
Cataract
in
one
of
his
Eyes
,
)
that
while
the
Siluer
Needle
did
worke
vpon
the
Sight
of
his
Eye
,
to
remoue
the
Filme
of
the
Cataract
,
he
neuer
saw
any
thing
more
cleare
or
perfect
,
than
that
white
Needle
:
Which
(
no
doubt
,
)
was
,
because
the
Needle
was
lesser
than
the
Pupill
of
the
Eye
;
and
so
Cooke
not
the
Light
from
it
.
The
other
Errour
may
be
,
for
that
the
Obiect
of
Sight
doth
strike
vpon
the
Pupill
of
the
Eye
,
directly
without
any
interception
;
wheras
the
Caue
of
the
Eare
doth
hold
off
the
Sound
a
little
from
the
Organ
:
And
so
neuerthelesse
there
is
some
Distance
required
in
both
.
Visibles
are
s●if●lior
carried
to
the
Sense
,
than
Audibles
;
As
appeareth
in
Thunder
and
Lightning
;
Flame
and
Report
of
a
Peece
,
●●
Motion
of
the
Aire
in
Hewing
of
Wood.
All
which
haue
beene
set
downe
heretofore
,
but
are
proper
for
this
Title
.
I
conceiue
also
,
that
the
Species
of
Audibles
doe
hang
longer
in
the
Aire
,
than
those
of
Visibles
:
For
although
euen
those
of
Visibles
,
doe
hang
some
time
,
as
we
see
in
Rings
turned
,
that
shew
like
Spheres
;
In
Lute-strings
fillipped
,
A
Fire-brand
caried
along
,
which
leaueth
a
Traine
of
Light
behinde
it
;
and
in
the
Twilight
;
And
the
like
:
Yet
I
conceiue
that
Sounds
stay
longer
,
because
they
are
carried
vp
and
downe
with
the
Winde
:
And
because
of
the
Distance
of
the
Time
,
in
Ordnance
a
discharged
,
and
heard
twenty
Miles
off
.
In
Visibles
,
there
are
not
sound
Obiects
so
odious
and
in
grate
to
the
Sense
,
as
in
Audibles
.
For
foule
Sights
doe
rather
displease
,
in
that
they
exci●e
the
Memory
of
foule
Things
,
than
in
the
immediate
Obiects
.
And
therefore
in
●●●●●●●
those
foule
Sights
doe
not
much
offend
;
But
in
Audibles
,
the
Grating
of
a
Saw
,
when
it
is
sharpned
,
doth
offend
so
much
,
as
it
Fen
●●●
the
Teeth
on
Edge
.
And
any
of
the
harsh
Discords
in
Musicke
,
the
Eare
doth
straight-waies
refuse
.
In
Visibles
,
after
great
Light
,
if
you
come
suddenly
into
the
Darke
;
Or
contrariwise
,
out
of
the
Darke
into
a
Glaring
light
,
the
Eye
is
dazled
for
a
time
;
and
the
Sight
confused
;
not
whether
any
such
Effect
be
after
great
Sounds
,
or
after
a
deepe
Silence
,
may
be
better
enquired
.
It
is
an
old
Tradiribit
,
th●●
those
that
dwell
heare
the
C●●●n●●●
of
Nil●●
,
are
strucken
deafe
,
But
we
finde
no
such
effect
,
in
Canno●●ers
,
not
Millers
,
not
those
that
dwell
vpon
Bridges
.
It
seemeth
that
the
Impression
of
Colour
is
so
weake
,
as
it
worketh
not
but
by
a
Cone
of
Direct
Beames
,
or
Right
Lines
;
wherof
the
Basis
is
in
the
Obiect
,
and
the
Verticall
Point
in
the
Eye
;
So
as
there
is
a
Corra●iation
and
Co●●●un
●●●●●
of
Beames
;
And
those
Beames
so
sent
forth
,
yet
are
not
of
any
force
to
bege●
the
like
borrowed
or
second
Beames
,
except
it
be
by
Reflexion
,
wherof
we
speake
not
.
For
the
Beames
passe
,
and
giue
little
Ta●●●●●●
to
that
●●te
,
which
is
Adiacent
;
which
if
they
did
,
we
should
see
Colours
out
of
a
Right
line
.
But
as
this
is
in
Colours
,
so
otherwise
it
is
in
the
Body
of
Light
.
For
when
there
is
a
Skreene
between
the
Candle
and
the
Eye
,
yet
the
Light
passeth
to
the
Paper
wheron
One
writeth
;
So
that
the
Light
is
seene
,
where
the
Body
of
the
Flame
is
not
seene
;
And
where
any
Colour
(
if
it
were
placed
where
the
Body
of
the
Blame
is
)
would
not
be
seene
.
I
iudge
that
Sound
is
of
this
Latter
Nature
:
For
when
two
are
placed
on
both
sides
of
a
Wall
,
and
the
Voice
is
heard
,
I
iudge
it
is
not
onely
the
Originall
Sound
,
which
passeth
in
an
Arebed
Line
;
But
the
Sound
,
which
passeth
aboue
the
Wall
in
a
Right
Line
,
begetteth
the
like
Motion
round
about
it
,
as
the
first
did
,
though
more
weake
.
All
Concords
and
Discords
of
Musicke
,
are
,
(
no
doubt
,
)
Sympathies
,
and
Antipathies
of
Sounds
.
Experiments
in
Consort
,
touching
the
Sympathy
or
Antipathy
of
sounds
,
one
with
another
.
And
so
(
likewise
)
in
that
Musicke
,
which
we
call
Broken
Musicke
,
or
Consort
Musicke
;
Some
Consorts
of
Instruments
are
sweeter
than
others
;
(
A
Thing
not
suffciently
yet
obserued
:
)
As
the
Irish
Harpe
,
and
Base
Viall
agree
well
:
The
Recorder
and
Stringed
Musick
agree
well
:
Organs
and
the
Voice
agree
well
;
&c.
But
the
Virginalls
and
the
Lute
;
Or
the
Welch-Harpe
,
and
,
Irish-Harpe
;
Or
the
Voice
and
Pipes
alone
,
agree
not
so
well
;
But
for
the
Melieration
of
Musicke
,
there
is
yet
much
lest
(
in
this
Point
of
Exquisite
Consorts
)
to
try
and
ehquire
.
There
is
a
Common
Obseruation
,
that
if
a
Lute
,
or
Viall
,
be
layed
vpon
the
Backe
,
with
a
small
Straw
vpon
one
of
the
Strings
;
And
another
Lute
or
Viall
be
laid
by
it
;
And
in
the
other
Lute
or
Viall
,
the
Vnison
to
that
String
be
strucken
;
it
will
make
the
String
,
moue
;
Which
will
appeare
both
to
the
Eye
,
and
by
the
Strawes
Falling
off
.
The
like
will
be
,
if
the
Diapason
or
Eight
to
that
String
be
strucken
,
either
in
the
same
Lute
,
or
Viall
,
or
in
others
lying
by
;
But
in
one
of
these
there
is
any
Report
of
Sound
,
that
can
be
discerned
,
but
onely
Motion
.
It
was
deuised
,
that
a
Viall
should
haue
a
Lay
of
Wire
Strings
below
,
as
close
to
the
Belly
,
as
a
Lute
;
And
then
the
Strings
of
Guts
mounted
vpon
a
Bridge
,
as
in
Ordinary
Vialls
;
To
the
end
,
that
by
this
means
,
the
vpper
Strings
strucken
,
should
make
the
lower
resound
by
Sympathy
,
and
so
make
the
Musicke
the
better
;
Which
,
if
it
be
to
purpose
,
then
Sympathy
worketh
,
as
well
by
Report
of
Sound
,
as
by
Motion
.
But
this
deuice
I
conceiue
to
be
of
no
vse
;
because
the
vpper
Strings
,
which
are
stopped
in
great
variety
,
cannot
maintaine
a
Diapason
or
Vnison
,
with
the
Lower
,
which
are
neuer
stopped
,
But
if
it
should
be
of
vse
at
all
;
it
must
be
in
Instruments
which
haue
no
Stops
;
as
Virginalls
,
and
Harpes
;
wherin
triall
may
be
made
of
two
Rowes
of
Strings
,
distant
the
one
from
the
other
.
The
Experiment
of
Sympathy
may
be
transferred
(
perhaps
)
from
Instruments
of
Strings
,
to
other
Instruments
of
Sound
.
As
to
try
if
there
were
in
one
Steeple
,
two
Bells
of
Vnison
,
whether
the
striking
of
the
one
would
moue
the
other
,
more
than
if
it
were
another
Accord
:
And
so
in
pipes
,
(
if
they
be
of
equall
Bore
,
and
Sound
,
)
whether
a
little
Straw
or
Feather
would
moue
in
the
one
Pipe
,
when
the
other
is
blowne
at
an
Vnison
.
It
seemeth
,
both
in
Eare
,
and
Eye
,
the
Instrument
of
Sense
hath
a
Sympathy
or
Similitude
with
that
which
giueth
the
Reflexion
;
(
As
hath
beene
touched
befor
.
)
For
as
the
Sight
of
the
Eye
is
like
a
Crystall
,
or
Glasse
,
or
Water
;
So
is
the
Eare
a
sinuous
Caue
,
with
a
hard
Bone
,
to
stop
and
reuerberate
the
Sound
;
Which
is
like
to
the
Places
that
report
Eccho's
.
When
a
Man
Yawneth
,
he
cannot
Heare
so
well
.
Experiments
in
Consort
,
touching
the
Hindring
or
Helping
of
the
Hearing
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
the
Membrane
of
the
Eare
is
extended
;
And
so
rather
casteth
off
the
Sound
,
than
draweth
it
to
.
We
Heare
better
when
we
hold
our
Breath
,
than
contrary
;
In
so
much
as
in
all
Listening
to
attaine
a
Sound
a
farre
off
,
Men
hold
their
Breath
.
The
Cause
is
,
For
that
in
all
Expiration
,
the
Motion
is
Outwards
;
And
therefore
,
rather
driueth
away
the
voice
,
than
draweth
it
:
And
besides
we
see
,
that
in
all
Labour
to
doe
things
with
any
strength
,
we
hold
the
Breath
:
And
listening
after
any
Sound
,
that
is
heard
with
difficulty
,
is
a
kinde
of
Labour
.
Let
it
be
tryed
,
for
the
Helpe
of
the
Hearing
,
(
and
I
conceiue
it
likely
to
succeed
,
)
to
make
an
Instrument
like
a
Tunnell
;
The
narrow
Part
whereof
may
be
of
the
Bignesse
of
the
Hole
of
the
Eare
;
And
the
Broader
End
much
larger
,
like
a
Bell
at
the
Skirts
;
And
the
length
halfe
a
foot
,
or
more
.
And
let
the
narrow
End
of
it
be
set
close
to
the
Eare
:
And
marke
whether
any
Sound
,
abroad
in
the
open
Aire
,
will
not
be
heard
distinctly
,
from
further
distance
;
than
without
that
Instrument
;
being
(
as
it
were
)
an
Eare-Spectacle
.
And
I
haue
heard
there
is
in
Spaine
,
an
Instrument
in
vse
to
be
set
to
the
Eare
,
that
helpeth
somewhat
those
that
are
Thicke
of
Hearing
.
If
the
Mouth
be
shut
close
,
neuerthelesse
there
is
yeelded
by
the
Roofe
of
the
Mouth
,
a
Murmur
,
Such
as
is
vsed
by
dumbe
Men
:
But
if
the
Nostrills
be
likewise
stopped
,
on
such
Murmur
can
be
made
;
Except
it
be
in
the
Bottome
of
the
Pallate
towards
the
Throat
.
Whereby
it
appeareth
manifestly
,
that
a
Sound
in
the
Mouth
,
except
such
as
aforesaid
,
if
the
Mouth
be
stopped
,
passeth
from
the
Pallate
,
thorow
the
Nostrills
.
The
Repercussion
of
Sounds
,
(
which
we
call
Eccho
,
)
is
a
great
Argument
of
the
Spirituall
Essence
of
Sounds
.
Experiments
in
Consort
touching
the
Spirituall
and
Fine
Nature
of
Sounds
.
For
if
it
were
Corporeall
,
)
the
Repercussion
should
be
created
in
the
same
maner
,
and
by
like
Instruments
,
with
the
Originall
Sound●
.
But
we
see
what
a
Number
of
Exquisite
Instruments
must
concurre
in
Speaking
of
Words
,
where
of
there
is
no
such
Matter
in
the
Returning
of
them
;
But
onely
a
plaine
Stop
,
and
Repercussion
.
The
Exquisite
Differences
of
Articulate
Sounds
,
carried
along
in
the
Aire
,
shew
that
they
cannot
be
Signalures
or
Impressions
in
the
Aire
,
as
hath
beene
well
refuted
by
the
Ancients
.
For
it
is
true
,
that
Seales
make
excellent
Impressions
:
And
so
it
may
be
thought
of
Sounds
in
their
first
Generation
:
But
then
the
Delation
and
Continuance
of
them
without
any
new
Sealing
,
shew
apparently
they
cannot
be
Impressions
.
All
Sounds
are
suddenly
made
,
and
doe
suddenly
perish
;
But
neither
that
,
nor
the
Exquisite
Differences
of
them
,
is
Matter
of
so
great
Admiration
:
For
the
●●●●e●●●gs
,
and
Warblings
to
Lutes
,
and
Pipes
,
are
as
swift
;
And
the
Tongue
,
(
which
is
no
very
fine
Instrument
,
)
doth
in
Speech
,
make
no
fewer
Motions
,
than
there
be
Letters
in
all
the
Words
,
which
are
vttered
.
But
that
Sounds
should
not
onely
be
so
speedily
generated
,
but
carried
so
farre
euery
way
,
in
such
a
momentany
time
,
deserueth
more
Admiration
.
As
for
Example
;
If
a
Man
stand
in
the
middle
of
a
Field
,
and
speake
aloud
,
he
shall
be
heard
a
Furlong
in
round
;
And
that
shall
be
in
Articulate
Sounds
;
And
those
shall
be
Entire
in
euery
little
Portion
of
the
Aire
;
And
this
shall
be
done
in
the
Space
of
lesse
than
a
Minute
.
The
Sudden
Generation
and
Perishing
of
Sounds
,
must
be
one
of
these
two
Waies
.
Either
that
the
Aire
suffereth
some
Force
by
Sound
,
and
then
restoreth
it selfe
;
As
Water
doth
;
Which
being
diuided
,
maketh
manny
Circles
,
till
it
restore
it selfe
to
the
naturall
Consistence
:
Or
otherwise
,
that
the
Aire
doth
willingly
imbibe
the
Sound
as
gratefull
,
but
cannot
maintaine
it
;
For
that
the
Aire
hath
(
as
it
should
seeme
)
a
secret
and
hidden
Appetite
of
Receiuing
the
Sound
at
the
first
;
But
then
other
Grosse
and
more
Materiate
Qualities
of
the
Aire
straightwaies
suffocate
it
;
Like
vnto
Flame
,
which
is
generated
with
Alacrity
,
but
straight
quenched
by
the
Enmity
of
the
Aire
,
or
other
Ambient
Bodies
.
There
be
these
Differences
(
in
generall
)
by
which
Sounds
are
diuided
;
1.
Musicall
,
Immusicall
;
2.
Treble
,
Base
;
3.
Flat
,
Sharpe
;
4.
Soft
,
Loud
;
5.
Exteriour
,
Interiour
,
6.
Cleane
,
Harsb
or
Purling
;
7.
Articulate
,
Inarticulate
.
We
haue
laboured
(
as
may
appeare
,
)
in
this
Inquisition
of
Sounds
,
diligently
;
Both
because
Sound
is
one
of
the
most
Hidden
Portions
of
Nature
,
(
as
we
said
in
the
beginning
:
)
And
because
it
is
a
Vertue
which
may
be
called
Incorporeall
,
and
Immateriate
;
wherof
there
be
in
Nature
but
few
.
Besides
,
we
were
willing
,
(
now
in
these
our
first
Centuries
,
)
to
make
a
Patterne
or
President
of
an
Exact
Inquisition
;
And
we
shall
doe
the
like
hereafter
in
some
other
Subiects
which
require
it
.
For
we
desire
that
Men
should
learne
and
perceiue
,
how
seuere
a
Thing
the
true
Inquisition
of
Nature
is
;
And
should
accustome
themselues
,
by
the
light
of
Particulars
,
to
enlarge
their
Mindes
,
to
the
Amplitude
of
the
World
;
And
not
reduce
the
World
to
the
Narrownesse
of
their
Mindes
.
Metalls
giue
Orlens
and
Fine
Colours
in
Dissolutions
;
As
Gold
giueth
an
excellent
Yellow
;
Quick-Siluer
an
excellent
Greene
;
Tinne
giueth
an
excellent
Azure
:
Likewise
in
their
Putrefactions
,
or
Rusts
;
As
Vermilion
,
Verdegrease
,
Bise
,
Cirrus
,
&c.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
the
Orient
Colours
,
in
dissolution
of
Metalls
.
And
likewise
in
their
vitrifications
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
by
their
Strength
of
Body
,
they
are
able
to
endure
the
Fire
,
or
Strong
Waters
,
and
to
be
put
into
an
Equall
Posture
;
And
againe
to
retaine
Part
of
their
principall
Spirit
;
Which
two
Things
,
(
Equall
Posture
,
and
Quicke
Spirits
)
are
required
chiefely
,
to
make
Colours
lightsome
.
It
conduceth
vnto
Long
Life
,
and
to
the
more
Placide
Motion
of
the
Spirits
,
which
thereby
doe
lesse
prey
and
consume
the
Iuyce
of
the
Body
;
Either
that
Mens
Actions
bee
free
and
voluntary
;
That
nothing
bee
done
Inuitâ
Mineruâ
,
but
Secundum
Genium
:
Or
on
the
other
side
,
that
the
Actions
of
Men
bee
full
of
Regulation
,
and
Commands
within
themselues
:
For
then
the
Victory
and
Performing
of
the
Command
,
giueth
a
good
Disposition
to
the
Spirits
;
Especially
if
there
bee
a
Proceeding
from
Degree
to
Degree
;
For
then
the
Sense
of
Victory
is
the
greater
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
Prolongation
of
Life
.
An
example
of
the
former
of
these
,
is
in
a
Countrey
life
;
And
of
the
latter
,
in
Monkes
and
Philosophers
,
and
such
as
doe
continually
enioyne
themselues
.
It
is
certaine
,
that
in
all
Bodies
,
there
is
an
Appetite
of
Vnion
,
and
Euitation
of
Solution
of
Continuity
:
And
of
this
Appetite
there
bee
many
Degrees
;
But
the
most
Remarkable
,
and
fit
to
bee
distinguished
,
are
three
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
Appetite
of
Vnion
in
Bodies
.
The
first
in
Liquours
;
The
second
in
Hard
Bodies
:
And
the
third
in
Bodies
Cleaning
or
Tenacious
.
In
Liquours
,
this
Appetite
is
weake
:
We
see
in
Liquours
,
the
Thredding
of
them
in
Stillicides
,
(
as
hath
beene
said
;
)
The
Falling
of
them
in
Round
Drops
,
(
which
is
the
forme
of
Vnion
;
)
And
the
Staying
of
them
,
for
a
little
time
,
in
Bubbles
and
Froth
.
In
the
second
Degree
or
Kinde
,
this
Appetite
is
strong
;
As
in
Iron
,
in
Stone
,
in
Wood
,
&c.
In
the
third
,
this
Appetite
is
in
a
Medium
betweene
the
other
two
:
For
such
Bodies
doe
partly
follow
the
Touch
of
another
Body
;
And
partly
sticke
and
continue
to
themselues
;
And
therefore
they
roape
,
and
draw
themselues
in
Threds
;
As
wee
see
in
Pitch
,
Glew
,
Birdlime
,
&c.
But
note
,
that
all
Solide
Bodies
are
Cleaning
,
more
or
lesse
:
And
that
they
loue
better
the
Touch
of
somewhat
that
is
Tangible
,
than
of
Aire
,
For
Water
,
in
small
quantity
,
cleaueth
to
any
Thing
that
is
Solide
;
And
so
would
Metall
too
,
if
the
weight
drew
it
not
off
.
And
therefore
Gold
Foliate
,
or
any
Metall
Foliate
,
cleaueth
:
But
those
Bodies
which
are
noted
to
bee
Clammy
,
and
Cleauing
,
are
such
,
as
haue
a
more
indifferent
Appetite
(
at
once
,
)
to
follow
another
Body
;
And
to
hold
to
Themselues
.
And
therefore
they
are
commonly
Bodies
ill
mixed
;
And
which
take
more
pleasure
in
a
Forraine
Body
,
than
in
preseruing
their
owne
Consistence
;
And
which
haue
little
predominance
in
Drought
,
or
Moisture
.
Time
,
and
Heat
,
are
Fellowes
in
many
Effects
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
the
like
O●●●●●●ons
of
Heat
and
Time
.
Heat
drieth
Bodies
,
that
doe
easily
expire
;
As
Parchment
,
Leaues
,
Roots
,
Clay
,
&c.
And
,
so
doth
Time
or
Age
arefie
;
As
in
the
same
Bodies
,
&c.
Heat
dissolueth
and
melteth
Bodies
,
that
keepe
in
their
Spirits
;
As
in
diuers
Liquefactions
;
And
so
doth
Time
,
in
some
Bodies
of
a
softer
Consistence
:
As
a
manifest
in
Honey
,
which
by
Age
waxeth
more
liquid
:
And
the
like
in
Sugar
;
And
so
in
old
Oyle
,
which
is
euer
more
cleare
,
and
more
hot
in
Medicinable
vse
.
Heat
causeth
the
Spirits
to
search
some
Issue
out
of
the
Body
;
As
in
the
Volatility
of
Metalls
;
And
so
doth
Time
;
As
in
the
Rust
of
Metalls
.
But
generally
Heat
doththat
in
small
time
,
which
Age
doth
in
long
.
Some
Things
which
passe
the
Fire
are
softest
at
first
,
and
by
Time
grow
hard
;
As
the
Crumme
of
Bread
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
the
differing
Operations
of
Fire
,
and
Time
.
Some
are
harder
when
they
come
from
the
Fire
,
and
afterwards
giue
againe
,
and
grow
soft
,
as
the
Crust
of
Bread
,
Bisket
,
Sweet
Meats
,
Salt
,
&c.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
in
those
things
which
waxe
Hard
with
Time
,
the
Worke
of
the
Fire
is
a
Kinde
of
Melting
:
And
in
those
that
waxe
Soft
with
Time
,
(
contrariwise
,
)
the
woke
of
the
Fire
is
a
Kinde
of
Baking
;
And
whatsoeuer
the
Fire
baketh
,
Time
doth
in
some
degree
dissolue
.
Motions
passe
from
one
Man
to
another
,
not
so
much
by
Exciting
Imagination
;
as
by
Inuitation
;
Especially
if
there
be
an
Aptnesse
or
Inclination
before
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
Motions
by
Inuitation
.
Therefore
Gaping
,
or
Yawning
,
and
Stretching
doe
passe
from
Man
to
Man
;
For
that
that
causeth
Gaping
and
Stretching
is
,
when
the
Spirits
are
a
little
Heauy
,
by
any
Vapour
,
or
the
like
.
For
then
they
striue
,
(
as
it
were
,
)
to
wring
out
,
and
expell
that
which
loadeth
them
.
So
Men
drowzy
,
and
desirous
to
sleepe
;
Or
before
the
Fit
of
an
Ague
;
doe
vse
to
Yawne
and
Stretch
;
And
doe
likewise
yeeld
a
Voice
or
Sound
,
which
is
an
Interiection
of
Expulsion
:
So
that
if
another
be
apt
and
prepared
to
doe
the
like
,
he
followeth
by
the
Sight
of
another
.
So
the
Laughing
of
another
maketh
to
Laugh
.
There
be
some
knowne
Diseases
that
are
Infectious
;
And
Others
that
are
not
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
Infectious
Disease
.
Those
that
are
Infectious
,
are
;
First
,
such
as
are
chiefly
in
the
Spirits
,
and
not
so
much
in
the
Humours
;
And
therefore
passe
easily
from
Body
to
Body
:
Such
are
Pestilences
,
Lippitudes
;
and
such
like
.
Secondly
,
such
as
Taint
the
Breath
;
Which
wee
see
passeth
manifestly
from
Man
to
Man
;
And
not
inuisibly
,
as
the
Affects
of
the
Spirits
doe
:
Such
are
Consumptions
of
the
Lungs
,
&c.
Thirdly
such
as
come
forth
to
the
Skinne
;
And
therefore
taint
the
Aire
,
or
the
Body
Adiacent
;
Especially
if
they
consist
in
an
Vnctuous
Substance
,
no
apt
to
dissipate
;
Such
are
Scabs
,
and
Lepronsie
.
Fourthly
,
such
as
are
meerely
in
the
Humours
,
and
not
in
the
Spirits
,
Breath
,
or
Exhalations
:
And
therefore
they
neuer
infect
,
but
by
Touch
onely
;
and
such
a
Touch
also
,
as
commeth
within
the
Epidermis
;
As
the
Venome
of
the
French
Poxe
,
And
the
Biting
of
a
Mad
Dog
.
Most
Powders
grow
,
more
Close
and
Coherent
by
Mixture
of
Water
,
than
by
Mixture
of
Oyle
,
though
Oyle
be
the
thicker
Body
;
As
Meale
;
&c.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
the
incorporation
of
Powders
and
Liquours
The
Reason
is
the
Congruity
of
Bodies
;
which
if
it
be
more
,
maketh
a
Perfecter
Imbibition
,
and
Incorporation
;
Which
in
most
Powders
is
more
betweene
Them
and
Water
,
than
betweene
Them
and
Oyle
:
But
Printers
Colours
ground
,
and
Ashes
,
doe
better
incorporate
with
Oyle
.
Much
Motion
and
Exercise
is
good
for
some
Bodies
;
And
Sitting
,
and
lesse
Motion
for
Others
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
Exercise
of
the
Body
.
If
the
Body
be
Hot
,
and
Void
of
Superflous
Moistures
,
too
much
Motion
hurteth
:
And
it
is
an
Errour
in
Physitians
,
to
call
too
much
vpon
Exercise
.
Likewise
Men
ought
to
beware
,
that
they
vse
not
Exercise
,
and
a
Spare
Diet
both
:
But
if
much
Exercise
,
then
a
Plentifull
Diet
,
And
if
Sp●ring
Diet
,
then
little
Exercise
.
The
Benefits
that
come
of
Exercise
are
,
First
,
that
it
sendeth
Nourishment
into
the
Parts
more
forcibly
.
Secondly
,
that
it
helpeth
to
Exceme
by
Sweat
,
and
so
maketh
the
Parts
assimilate
the
more
perfectly
.
Thirdly
,
that
it
maketh
the
Substance
of
the
Body
more
Solide
and
Compact
;
And
so
lesse
apt
to
be
Consumed
and
Depredated
by
the
Spirits
.
The
Euills
that
come
of
Exercise
,
are
:
First
,
that
it
maketh
the
Spirits
more
Hot
and
Predatory
.
Secondly
,
that
it
doth
absorbe
likewise
,
and
attenuate
too
much
the
Moisture
of
the
Body
.
Thirdly
,
that
it
maketh
too
great
●●●●●sion
,
(
especially
if
it
be
violent
,
)
of
the
Inward
Parts
;
which
delight
more
in
Rest.
But
generally
Exercise
,
if
it
be
much
,
is
no
Friend
to
Prolongation
of
Life
;
Which
is
one
Cause
,
why
Women
liue
longer
than
Men
,
because
they
stirre
lesse
.
Some
Food
we
may
vse
long
,
and
much
,
without
Glatting
;
As
Bread
,
Flesh
that
is
not
fat
,
or
rancke
,
&c.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
Meats
,
that
induce
Society
.
Some
other
,
(
though
pleasant
,
)
Glutteth
sooner
;
As
Sweet
Meats
,
Fat
Meats
,
&c.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
Appetite
consisteth
in
the
Emptinesse
of
Mouth
of
the
Stomacke
;
Or
possessing
it
with
somewhat
that
is
Astringent
;
and
therfore
Cold
and
Dry.
But
things
that
are
Sweet
and
Fat
,
are
more
Filling
:
And
do
swimme
and
hang
more
about
the
Mouth
of
the
Stomacke
;
And
goe
not
downe
so
speedily
:
And
againe
turne
sooner
to
Choler
,
which
is
hot
,
and
euer
abateth
the
Appetite
.
Wee
see
also
,
that
another
Cause
of
Society
,
is
an
Ouer-custome
;
and
of
Appetite
is
Nouelty
:
And
therefore
Meats
,
if
the
same
be
continually
taken
,
induce
Loathing
.
To
giue
the
Reason
of
the
Distast
of
Society
,
and
of
the
Pleasure
in
Nouelty
;
and
to
distinguish
not
onely
in
Meats
and
Drinkes
,
but
also
in
Motions
,
Loues
,
Company
,
Delights
,
Studies
,
what
they
be
that
Custome
maketh
more
gratefull
;
And
what
more
tedious
;
were
a
large
Field
.
But
for
Meats
,
the
Cause
is
Attraction
,
which
is
quicker
,
and
more
excited
towards
that
which
is
new
,
than
towards
that
whereof
there
remaineth
a
Rellish
by
former
vse
.
And
(
generally
)
it
is
a
Rule
,
that
whatsoeuer
is
somewhat
Ingrate
at
first
,
is
made
Gratefull
by
Custome
;
But
whatsoeuer
is
too
Pleasing
at
first
,
groweth
quickly
to
satiate
.
NATVRALL
HISTORIE
.
IV.
Century
.
ACCELERATION
of
Time
,
in
Works
of
Nature
,
may
well
be
esteemed
Inter
Magnalia
Naturae
.
Experiments
in
Consort
touching
the
Clarification
of
Liquours
,
and
the
Accelerating
thereof
.
And
euen
in
Diuine
Miracles
,
Accelerating
of
the
Time
,
is
next
to
the
Creating
of
the
Matter
.
We
will
now
therfore
proceed
to
the
Enquiry
of
it
:
And
for
Acceleration
of
Germination
,
we
will
referre
it
ouer
,
vnto
to
the
place
,
where
we
shall
handle
the
Subiect
of
Plants
,
generally
;
And
will
now
begin
with
other
Accelerations
.
Liquours
are
(
many
of
them
,
)
at
the
first
,
thicke
and
troubled
;
As
Must
,
Wort
,
Iuyces
of
Fruits
,
or
Hearbs
expressed
,
&c.
And
by
Time
they
settle
,
and
Clarifie
.
But
to
make
them
cleare
,
before
the
Time
,
is
a
great
Worke
;
For
it
is
a
Spurre
to
Nature
,
and
putteth
her
out
of
her
pace
;
And
besides
it
is
of
good
vse
,
for
making
Drinkes
,
and
Sances
,
Potable
,
and
Seruiceable
,
speedily
;
But
to
know
the
●●●●●●
of
Accelerating
Clarification
,
we
must
first
know
the
Causes
of
Clarification
.
The
first
Cause
is
,
by
the
Separation
of
the
Gresser
Parts
of
the
Liquour●
,
from
the
Finer
.
The
second
,
by
the
Equall
Distribution
of
the
Spirits
of
the
Liquour
,
with
the
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
Parts
;
For
that
●●●●●
representeth
Bodies
Cleare
and
Vntroubled
.
The
third
,
by
the
Resining
the
Spirit
it selfe
,
which
therby
giueth
to
the
Liquour
more
Splendour
,
and
more
Lustre
.
First
,
for
Separation
;
It
is
wrought
by
Weight
;
As
in
the
ordinary
Residence
or
Settlement
of
Liquours
:
By
Heat
:
By
Motion
:
By
Precipitation
,
or
Sublimation
;
(
That
is
,
a
Calling
of
the
seuerall
Parts
,
either
vp
,
or
downe
,
which
is
a
kinde
of
Attraction
:
)
By
Adhesion
;
As
when
a
Body
more
Viscous
is
mingled
and
agitated
with
the
Liquour
:
which
Viscous
Body
(
afterwards
seuered
)
draweth
with
it
the
grosser
Parts
of
the
Liquour
;
And
Lastly
,
By
Percolation
or
Passage
.
Secondly
,
for
the
Euen
Distribution
of
the
Spirits
;
It
is
wrought
By
Gentle
Heat
;
And
By
Agitation
or
Motion
;
(
For
of
Time
we
speake
not
,
because
it
is
that
,
we
would
anticipate
&
represent
:
)
And
it
is
wrought
also
,
By
Mixture
of
some
other
Body
,
which
hath
a
vertue
to
open
the
Liquour
,
and
to
make
the
Spirits
the
better
passe
thorow
.
Thirdly
,
for
the
Refining
of
the
Spirit
,
it
is
wrought
likewise
By
Heat
;
By
Motion
;
And
by
Mixture
of
some
Body
which
hath
Vertue
to
attenuate
.
So
therefore
(
hauing
shewen
the
Causes
)
for
the
Accelerating
of
Clarification
,
in
generall
,
and
the
Enducing
of
it
;
take
these
Instances
,
and
Trialls
.
It
is
in
common
Practise
,
to
draw
Wine
,
or
Beere
,
from
the
Lees
,
(
which
we
call
Racking
;
)
wherby
it
will
Clarifie
much
the
sooner
:
For
the
Lees
,
though
they
keepe
the
Drinke
in
Heart
,
and
make
it
lasting
;
yet
withall
they
cast
vp
some
Spissitude
:
And
this
Instance
is
to
be
referred
to
Separation
.
On
the
other
side
,
it
were
good
to
try
,
what
the
Adding
to
the
Liquour
more
Lees
than
his
owne
will
worke
;
For
thought
the
Lees
doe
make
the
Liquour
turbide
,
yet
they
refine
the
Spirits
.
Take
therfore
a
Vessell
of
New
Beere
;
And
take
another
Vessell
of
New
Beere
,
and
Rack
the
one
Vessell
from
the
Lees
,
and
powre
the
Lees
of
the
Racked
Vessell
into
the
vnracked
Vessell
,
and
see
the
Effect
:
This
Instance
is
referred
to
the
Refining
of
the
Spirits
.
Take
New
Beere
,
and
put
in
some
Quantitie
of
Stale
Beere
into
it
,
and
see
whether
it
will
not
accelerate
the
Clarification
,
by
Opening
the
Body
of
the
Beere
,
and
Cutting
the
Grosser
Parts
,
wherby
they
may
fall
downe
into
Lees.
And
this
Instance
againe
is
referred
to
Separation
.
The
longer
Malt
,
or
Herbs
,
or
the
like
,
are
Infused
in
Liquour
,
the
more
thicke
and
troubled
the
Liquour
is
;
But
the
longer
they
be
decocted
in
the
Liquour
,
the
clearer
it
is
.
The
Reason
is
plaine
,
because
in
infusion
,
the
longer
it
is
,
the
greater
is
the
Part
of
the
Grosse
Body
,
that
goeth
into
the
Liquour
:
But
in
Decoction
,
though
more
goeth
forth
,
yet
it
either
purgeth
at
the
Top
,
or
fettleth
at
the
Bottome
.
And
therfore
the
most
Exact
Way
to
Clarifie
is
;
First
to
Infuse
,
and
then
to
take
off
the
Liquour
,
and
Decoct
it
;
as
they
doe
in
Beere
,
which
hath
Malt
first
Infused
in
the
Liquour
,
and
is
afterwards
boiled
with
the
Hop
.
This
also
is
referred
to
Separation
.
Take
Hot
Embers
,
and
put
them
about
a
Bottle
filled
with
New
Beere
,
almost
to
the
very
Neck
:
Let
the
Bottle
be
well
stopped
,
lest
it
flie
out
:
And
continue
it
,
renewing
the
Embers
euery
day
,
by
the
space
of
Ten
Dayes
;
and
then
compare
it
with
another
Bottle
of
the
same
Beere
set-by
.
Take
also
Lime
both
Quenched
,
and
Vnquenched
,
and
set
the
Bottles
in
them
,
vt
Supra
.
This
Instance
is
referred
,
both
to
the
Euen
Distribution
,
and
also
to
the
Refining
of
the
Spirits
by
Heat
.
Take
Bottles
,
and
Swing
them
;
Or
Carry
them
in
a
Wheels-Barrow
,
vpon
Rough
Ground
;
twice
in
a
day
:
But
then
you
may
not
fill
the
Bottles
full
,
but
leaue
some
Aire
;
For
if
the
Liquour
come
close
to
the
Stopple
,
it
cannot
play
,
nor
flower
:
And
when
you
haue
shaken
them
well
,
either
way
,
poure
the
Drinke
into
another
Bottle
,
stopped
close
,
after
the
vsuall
manner
;
For
if
it
stay
with
much
Aire
in
it
,
the
Drinke
will
pall
;
neither
will
it
settle
so
perfectly
in
all
the
Parts
.
Let
it
stand
sorce
24.
houres
:
Then
take
it
,
and
put
it
againe
into
a
Bottle
with
Aire
,
vt
supra
:
And
thence
into
a
Bottle
Stopped
,
vt
supra
:
And
so
repeat
the
same
Operation
for
seuen
dayes
.
Note
that
in
the
Emptying
of
one
Bottle
into
another
,
you
must
doe
it
swiftly
,
lest
the
Drinke
pall
.
It
were
good
also
,
to
trie
it
in
a
Bottle
with
a
little
Aire
below
the
Neck
,
without
Emptying
.
This
Instance
is
referred
to
the
Euen
Distribution
and
Refining
of
the
Spirits
by
Motion
.
As
for
Percolation
,
Inward
,
and
Outward
,
(
which
belongeth
to
Separation
,
)
Triall
would
be
made
,
of
Clarifying
by
Adhesion
,
with
Milks
put
into
New
Beere
,
and
stirred
with
it
:
For
it
may
be
that
the
Grossar
Part
of
the
Beere
will
cleave
to
the
Milke
:
The
Doubt
is
,
whether
the
Milke
will
feuer
●
ell
againe
;
Which
is
soone
tried
.
And
it
is
vsuall
in
Clarifying
Ippoerasse
to
put
in
Milke
;
Which
after
seuereth
and
carrieth
with
it
the
Grosser
Parts
of
the
Ippoerasse
,
as
hath
beene
said
elsewhere
.
Also
for
the
better
Clarification
by
Persolation
,
when
they
run
New
Beere
,
they
vse
to
let
it
passe
through
a
Strainer
;
And
it
is
like
the
finer
the
Strainer
is
,
the
clearer
it
will
be
.
The
Accelerating
of
Maturation
Wee
will
now
enquire
of
.
Experiments
in
Consort
touching
Maturation
,
and
the
Accelerating
thereof
.
And
●●●ft
touching
the
Maturation
and
Quickning
or
Drinks
.
And
next
touching
the
Maturation
of
Fruits
.
And
of
Maturation
it selfe
.
It
is
of
three
Natures
.
The
Maturation
of
Fruits
.
The
Maturation
of
Drinkes
:
And
the
Maturation
of
Impostumes
,
and
Vlcers
.
This
last
we
referre
to
another
Place
,
where
wee
shall
handle
Experiments
Medicinall
.
There
be
also
other
Maturations
,
as
of
Metalls
,
&c.
whereof
we
will
speake
as
Occasion
serueth
.
But
we
will
begin
with
that
of
Drinkes
,
because
it
hath
such
a
Affinitie
with
the
Clarification
of
Liquours
.
For
the
Maturation
of
Drinkes
,
it
is
wrought
by
the
congregation
of
the
Spirits
together
,
whereby
they
digest
more
perfectly
the
Grosser
Parts
:
And
it
is
effected
partly
,
by
the
same
meanes
,
that
Clarification
is
,
(
wherof
wee
spake
before
;
)
But
then
more
,
that
an
Extreme
Clarification
doth
spread
the
Spirits
so
Smooth
,
as
they
become
Dull
,
and
the
Drinke
dead
,
which
ought
to
haue
a
little
Flouring
.
And
therefore
all
your
Cleare
Amber
Drinke
is
flat
.
We
see
the
Degrees
of
Maturation
of
Drinkes
;
In
Must
;
In
Wine
,
as
it
is
drunke
;
And
in
Vinegar
.
Whereof
Must
hath
not
the
Spirits
well
Congregated
;
Wine
hath
them
well
vnited
;
so
as
they
make
the
Parts
somewhat
more
Oylie
:
Vinegar
hath
them
Congregated
,
but
more
Ieiune
,
and
in
smaller
Quantitie
;
The
greatest
and
finest
Spirit
and
Part
being
exhaled
:
For
we
see
Vinegar
is
made
by
setting
the
Vessell
of
Wine
against
the
hot
Sun
:
And
therefore
Vinegar
will
not
burne
;
For
that
much
of
the
Finer
Parts
is
Exhaled
.
The
Refreshing
and
Quickning
of
Drinke
Palled
,
or
Dead
,
is
by
Enforcing
the
Motion
of
the
Spirit
:
So
wee
see
that
Open
Weather
relaxeth
the
Spirit
,
and
maketh
it
more
liuely
in
Motion
.
Wee
see
also
Bottelling
of
Beere
,
or
Ale
,
while
it
is
New
,
and
full
of
Spirit
,
(
so
that
it
spirteth
when
the
Stopple
is
taken
forth
)
maketh
the
Drinke
more
quicke
and
windie
.
A
Pan
of
Coales
in
the
Cellar
doth
likewise
good
,
and
maketh
the
Drinke
worke
againe
.
New
Drinke
,
put
to
Drinke
that
is
Dead
,
prouoketh
it
to
worke
againe
;
Nay
,
which
is
more
,
(
as
some
affirme
,
)
A
Brewing
of
New
Beere
,
set
by
Old
Beere
,
maketh
it
worke
againe
.
It
were
good
also
to
Enforce
the
Spirits
by
some
Mixtures
,
that
may
excite
and
quicken
them
;
As
by
Putting
into
the
Bottles
,
Nitre
,
Chalke
,
Lime
,
&c.
We
see
Creame
is
Matured
,
and
made
to
rise
more
speedily
,
by
Putting
in
Cold
Water
;
which
,
as
it
seemeth
,
getteth
downe
the
Whey
.
It
is
tried
,
that
the
Burying
of
Bottles
of
Drinke
well
stopped
,
either
in
drie
Earth
,
a
good
depth
;
Or
in
the
Bottome
of
a
Well
within
Water
;
And
best
of
all
the
Hanging
of
them
in
a
deepe
Well
somewhat
aboue
the
Water
,
for
some
forthnights
space
,
is
an
Excellent
Meanes
of
making
Drink
fresh
,
and
quicke
:
for
the
Cold
doth
not
cause
my
Exhaling
of
the
Spirits
at
all
;
As
Heat
doth
,
though
it
rarifieth
the
rest
that
remaine
:
But
Cold
maketh
the
Spirits
vigorous
,
and
irritateth
them
,
whereby
they
Incorporate
the
Parts
of
the
Liquour
perfectly
.
As
for
the
Maturation
of
Fruits
;
It
is
wrought
by
the
Calling
forth
of
the
Spirits
of
the
Body
outward
,
and
so
Spreading
them
more
Smoothly
:
And
likewise
by
Digesting
,
in
some
degree
,
the
Grosser
Parts
:
And
this
is
Effected
,
by
Heat
;
Motion
;
Attraction
;
And
by
a
Rudiment
of
Putrefaction
:
For
the
Inception
of
Putrefaction
hath
in
it
a
Maturation
.
There
were
taken
Apples
,
and
laid
in
Straw
;
In
Hay
;
In
Flower
;
In
Chalke
;
In
Lime
;
Couered
ouer
with
Onions
;
Couered
ouer
with
Crabs
;
Closed
vp
in
Wax
;
Shut
in
a
Box
;
&c.
There
was
also
an
Apple
hanged
vp
in
Smoake
:
Of
all
which
the
Experiments
sorted
in
this
Manner
.
After
a
Moneths
Space
,
the
Apple
Enclosed
in
Wax
,
was
as
Greene
and
Fresh
as
at
the
first
Putting
in
,
and
the
Kernells
continued
White
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
all
Exclusion
of
Open
Aire
,
(
which
is
euer
Predatory
)
maintaineth
the
Body
in
his
first
Freshnesse
,
and
Moisture
:
But
the
Inconuenience
is
,
that
it
tasteth
a
little
of
the
Wax
:
Which
,
I
suppose
,
in
a
Pomgranate
,
or
some
such
thick-coated
Fruit
,
it
would
not
doe
.
The
Apple
Hanged
in
the
Smoake
,
turned
like
an
Old
Mellow
Apple
,
Wrinkled
,
Drle
,
Soft
,
Sweet
Yellow
within
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
such
a
degree
of
Heat
,
which
doth
neither
Melt
,
nor
Scorch
,
(
For
we
see
that
in
a
greater
Heat
,
a
Roast
Apple
Softneth
and
Melteth
;
And
Pigs
feet
,
made
of
Quarters
of
Wardens
,
scorch
and
haue
a
Skin
of
Cole
)
doth
Mellow
,
and
not
Adure
:
The
Smoake
also
maketh
the
Apple
(
as
it
were
)
sprinkled
with
Soot
,
which
helpeth
to
Mature
.
We
see
than
in
Drying
of
Peares
,
and
Prunes
,
in
the
Ouen
,
and
Remouing
of
them
often
as
they
begin
to
Sweat
,
there
is
a
like
Operation
;
But
that
is
with
a
farre
more
Intense
degree
of
Heat
.
The
Apples
couered
in
the
Lime
and
Ashes
,
were
well
Matured
;
As
appeared
both
in
their
Yellownesse
,
and
Sweetnesse
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
that
Degree
of
Heat
which
is
in
Lime
,
and
Ashes
,
(
being
a
Smoothering
Heat
)
is
of
all
the
rest
most
Proper
;
for
it
doth
neither
Liquefie
,
nor
Atefie
;
And
that
is
true
Maturation
,
N●●
that
the
Taste
of
those
Apples
was
good
;
And
therefore
it
is
the
Experiment
fittest
for
Vse
.
The
Apples
,
Conered
with
Crabs
,
and
Onions
,
were
likewise
well
Matured
.
The
Cause
is
,
not
any
,
Heat
;
But
for
that
the
Crab
and
the
Onions
draw
forth
the
●●●●
of
the
Apple
,
and
spread
them
equally
thorow
out
the
●●●
,
which
●●●
away
Hatdnesse
●●●●●●
see
f●●
one
Apple
●●●ath
against
another
.
And
therefore
in
making
of
Cider
,
they
turne
the
Apples
first
vpon
a
heape
.
So
one
Cluster
of
Grapes
,
that
toucheth
another
●●●●
it
groweth
ripeneth
faster
;
●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●
The
Apple●
●●●●●●●●
and
the
S●●●●●●●●●
apparently
,
though
●●●●●
●●●●●●
in
the
●●●●●●
more
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
the
Hay
and
Straw
haue
a
very
low
degree
of
Heat
,
but
yet
Close
and
Smoothering
,
and
which
drieth
nor
.
The
Apple
in
the
Close
Box
,
was
ripened
also
:
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
all
Alfe
,
kept
close
;
hath
a
degree
of
Warmth
.
As
we
see
in
W●●●●●●●
Plus●
,
&c.
Note
that
all
these
were
Compared
with
another
Apple
,
of
the
same
kinds
,
that
lay
of
it Selfe
:
And
in
Comparison
of
that
,
were
more
Sweet
,
and
more
Yellow
,
and
so
appeared
to
be
most
Ripe
.
Taken
Apple
,
or
P●●●
,
or
other
like
Fruit
and
Row●●
it
vpon
a
Table
hard
:
We
see
in
Common
Experience
,
that
the
〈◊〉
doth
Soften
and
Sweeten
the
Fruit
presently
▪
Which
is
Nothing
but
the
S●●●●●●●●●●
of
the
Spirits
into
the
Parts
;
For
the
●●●●●
D●●●●●
of
the
Spirits
maketh
the
Ha●●ishnesse
:
But
this
Hard
Row●●●
is
betweene
Concoction
,
and
a
Simple
Maturation
;
Therefore
,
if
you
should
Rowle
them
but
gently
,
perhaps
twice
a
day
;
And
〈…〉
some
seuen
dayes
▪
it
is
like
they
would
mature
more
finely
,
and
like
vnto
the
Naturall
Maturation
.
Take
an
Apple
,
and
cut
out
a
Peece
of
the
Top
,
and
couer
it
,
to
see
whether
that
Solution
of
Continuitie
will
not
hasten
a
Maturation
▪
We
see
that
where
a
Waspe
,
or
a
Flie
,
or
a
Worme
hath
bitten
,
in
a
Grape
,
or
any
Fruit
,
it
will
sweeten
hastily
.
Take
an
Apple
,
&c.
and
pricke
it
with
a
Prinne
full
of
Holes
,
not
deepe
,
and
smeare
it
a
little
with
Sacke
,
or
Cinnamon
Water
,
or
Spirit
of
Wine
,
euery
day
for
ten
dayes
,
to
see
if
the
Virtuall
Heat
of
the
Wine
,
or
Strong
Waters
,
will
not
Mature
it
.
In
these
Trialls
also
,
as
was
vsed
in
the
first
,
set
another
of
the
same
Fruits
by
,
to
Compare
them
:
And
trie
them
,
by
their
Yellownesse
,
and
by
their
Sweetnesse
.
The
World
hath
beene
much
abused
by
the
Opinion
of
Making
of
Gold
:
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
the
Making
of
Gold
.
The
Worke
it selfe
I
iudge
to
be
possible
;
But
the
Meanes
(
hitherto
propounded
)
to
effect
it
,
are
,
in
the
Practise
,
full
of
Errour
and
Imposture
;
And
in
the
Theory
,
full
of
vnsound
Imaginations
.
For
to
say
,
that
Nature
hath
an
Intention
to
make
all
Metals
Gold
;
And
that
,
if
she
were
deliuered
from
Impediments
,
she
would
performe
her
owne
Worke
;
And
that
,
if
the
Crudities
,
Impurities
,
and
Leprosities
of
Metals
were
cured
,
they
would
become
Gold
;
And
that
a
little
Quantitie
of
the
Medicine
,
in
the
Worke
of
Proiection
,
will
turne
a
Sea
of
the
Baser
Metall
into
Gold
,
by
Multiplying
:
All
these
are
but
dreames
:
And
so
are
many
other
Grounds
of
Alchymy
.
And
to
helpe
the
Matter
,
the
Alchymists
call
in
likewise
many
Vanities
,
out
of
Astrologie
;
Naturall
Magicke
;
Superstitious
Interpretations
of
Scriptures
;
Auricular
Traditions
;
Faigned
Testimonies
of
Ancient
Authors
;
And
the
like
.
It
is
true
,
on
the
other
side
,
they
haue
brought
to
light
not
a
few
profitable
Experiments
,
and
thereby
made
the
World
some
amends
.
But
wee
,
when
wee
shall
come
to
handle
the
Version
and
Transmutation
of
Bodies
;
And
the
Experiments
concerning
Metalls
,
and
Mineralls
;
will
lay
open
the
true
Wayes
and
Passages
of
Nature
,
which
may
leade
to
this
great
Effect
.
And
wee
commend
the
wit
of
the
Chineses
,
who
despaire
of
Making
of
Gold
,
but
are
Mad
vpon
the
Making
of
Siluer
:
For
certaine
it
is
,
that
it
is
more
difficult
to
make
Gold
,
(
which
is
the
most
Ponderous
and
Materiate
amongst
Metalls
)
of
other
Metalls
,
lesse
Ponderous
,
and
lesse
Materiate
;
than
(
viâ
versâ
)
to
make
Siluer
of
Lead
,
or
Quick-Siluer
;
Both
which
are
more
Ponderous
than
Siluer
;
So
that
they
need
rather
a
further
Degree
of
Fixation
,
than
any
Condensation
.
In
the
meanetime
,
by
Occasion
of
Handling
the
Axiomes
touching
Maturation
,
we
will
direct
a
Triall
touching
the
Maturing
of
Metalls
,
and
therby
Turning
some
of
them
into
Gold
;
For
we
conceiue
indeed
,
that
a
perfect
good
Concoction
,
or
Disgestion
,
or
Maturation
of
some
Metalls
,
will
produce
Gold
.
And
here
we
call
to
minde
,
that
wee
knew
a
Dutch-man
,
that
had
wrought
himselfe
into
the
beleese
of
a
great
Person
,
by
vndertaking
that
he
could
make
Gold
:
Whose
discourse
was
,
that
Gold
might
be
made
;
But
that
the
Alchymists
Ouer-fired
the
Worke
:
For
(
he
said
)
the
Making
of
Gold
did
require
a
very
temperate
Heat
,
as
being
in
Nature
a
Subterrany
worke
,
where
little
Heat
commeth
;
But
yet
more
to
the
Making
of
Gold
,
than
of
any
other
Metall
;
And
therefore
,
that
he
would
doe
it
with
a
great
Lampe
,
that
should
carry
a
Temperate
and
Equall
Heat
:
And
that
it
was
the
Worke
of
many
Moneths
.
The
Deuice
of
the
Lampe
was
folly
;
But
the
Ouer-firing
now
vsed
;
And
the
Equall
Heat
to
be
required
;
And
the
Making
it
a
Worke
of
some
good
Time
;
are
no
ill
Discourses
.
We
resort
therefore
to
our
Axiomes
of
Maturation
,
in
Effect
touched
before
.
The
First
is
,
that
there
be
vsed
a
Temporate
Heat
;
For
they
are
euer
Temperate
Heats
that
Disgest
,
and
Mature
:
Wherein
we
meane
Temperate
,
according
to
the
Nature
of
the
Subiect
;
For
that
may
be
Temperate
to
Fruits
,
and
Liquours
,
which
will
not
worke
at
all
vpon
Metalls
.
The
Second
is
,
that
the
Spirit
of
the
Metall
be
quickened
,
and
the
Tangible
Parts
opened
:
For
without
those
two
Operations
,
the
Spirit
of
the
Metall
,
wrought
vpon
,
will
not
be
able
to
disgest
the
Parts
.
The
Third
is
,
that
the
Spirits
doe
spread
themselues
Euen
,
and
moue
not
Subsultorily
;
For
that
will
make
the
Parts
Close
,
and
Pliant
.
And
this
requireth
a
Heat
,
that
doth
not
rise
and
fall
,
but
continue
as
Equall
as
may
be
.
The
Fourth
is
,
that
no
Part
of
the
Spirit
be
emitted
,
but
detained
:
For
if
there
be
Emission
of
Spirit
,
the
Body
of
the
Metall
will
be
Hard
,
and
Churlish
.
And
this
will
be
performed
,
partly
by
the
Temper
of
the
Fire
;
And
partly
by
the
closenesse
of
the
Vessell
.
The
Fifth
is
,
that
there
be
Choice
made
of
the
likeliest
and
best
Prepared
Metall
,
for
the
Version
:
For
that
will
facilitate
the
Worke.
The
Sixth
is
,
that
you
giue
Time
enough
for
the
Worke
:
Not
to
prolong
Hopes
(
as
the
Alchymists
doe
;
)
but
indeed
to
giue
Nature
a
conuenient
Space
to
worke
in
.
These
Principles
are
most
certaine
,
and
true
;
Wee
will
now
deriue
a
direction
of
Triall
out
of
them
;
Which
may
(
perhaps
)
by
further
Meditation
,
be
improued
.
Let
there
be
a
Small
Furnace
made
,
of
a
Temperate
Heat
;
Let
the
Heat
be
such
,
as
may
keepe
the
Metall
perpetually
Moulten
,
and
no
more
;
For
that
aboue
all
importeth
to
the
Worke.
For
the
Materiall
,
take
Siluer
,
which
is
the
Metall
that
in
Nature
Symbolizeth
most
with
Gold
;
Put
in
also
,
with
the
Siluer
,
a
Tenth
Part
of
Quick-siluer
,
and
a
Twelfth
Part
of
Nitre
,
by
weight
;
Both
these
to
quicken
and
open
the
Body
of
the
Metall
:
And
so
let
the
Worke
be
continued
by
the
Space
of
Six
Moneths
,
at
the
least
.
I
wish
also
,
that
there
be
,
at
some
times
,
an
Iniection
of
some
Oyled
Substance
;
Such
as
they
vse
in
the
Recouering
of
Gold
,
which
by
Vexing
with
Separations
hath
beene
made
Churlish
:
And
this
is
,
to
lay
the
Parts
more
Close
and
Smooth
,
which
is
the
Maine
Worke.
For
Gold
(
as
we
see
)
is
the
Closest
(
and
therefore
the
Heauiest
)
of
Metalls
:
And
is
likewise
the
most
Flexible
,
and
Tensible
.
Note
,
that
to
thinke
to
make
Gold
of
Quick-Siluer
,
because
it
is
the
heauiest
,
is
a
Thing
not
to
be
hoped
;
For
Quick-Siluer
will
not
endure
the
Mannage
of
the
Fire
.
Next
to
Siluer
,
I
thinke
Copper
were
fittest
to
bee
the
Materiall
.
Gold
hath
these
Natures
:
Greatnesse
of
Weight
;
Closenesse
of
Parts
;
Fixation
;
pliant●esse
,
or
Softnesse
;
Immunity
from
Rust
;
Colour
or
Tincture
of
Yellow
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
the
Nature
of
Gold
.
Therfore
the
Sure
Way
,
(
though
most
about
,
)
to
make
Gold
,
is
to
know
the
Causes
of
the
Seuerall
Natures
before
rehearsed
,
and
the
Axiomes
concerning
the
same
.
For
if
a
Man
can
make
a
Metall
,
that
hath
all
these
Properties
,
Let
Men
dispute
,
whether
it
be
Gold
,
or
no
?
The
Enducing
and
Accelerating
of
Putrefaction
,
is
a
Subiect
of
a
very
Vniuersall
Enquiry
:
For
Corruption
is
a
Reciprocall
to
Generation
.
Experiments
in
Consort
touching
the
Enducing
and
Accelerating
of
Putrefaction
.
And
they
Two
,
are
as
Natures
two
Termes
or
Bundaries
;
And
the
Guides
to
Life
and
Death
,
Putrefaction
is
the
Worke
of
the
Spirits
of
Bodies
,
which
euer
are
Vnquiet
to
Get
forth
,
and
Congregate
with
the
Aire
,
and
to
onioy
the
Sun-beames
:
The
Getting
forth
,
or
Spreading
of
the
Spirits
,
(
which
is
a
Degree
of
Getting
forth
,
)
hath
fine
Differing
Operations
.
If
the
Spirits
be
detained
within
the
Body
,
and
moue
more
violently
,
there
followeth
Colliquation
;
As
in
Metalls
,
&c.
If
more
Mildely
,
there
followeth
Disgestion
,
or
Maturation
,
As
in
Drinkes
,
and
Fruits
.
If
the
Spirits
be
not
meerely
Detained
,
but
Protrude
a
little
,
and
that
Motion
be
Confused
,
and
Inordinate
,
there
followeth
Putrefaction
;
Which
euer
dissolueth
the
Consistence
of
the
Body
into
much
Inequality
;
As
in
Flesh
,
Rotten
Fruits
,
Shining
Wood
,
&c.
And
also
in
the
Rust
of
Metalls
.
But
if
that
Motion
be
in
a
certaine
Order
,
there
followeth
Viuification
,
and
Figuration
;
As
both
in
Liuing
Creatures
bred
of
Putrefaction
,
and
in
Liuing
Creatures
Perfect
.
But
if
the
Spirits
issue
out
of
the
Body
,
there
followeth
Deficcation
,
Induration
,
Consumption
,
&c.
As
in
Bricke
,
Euaporation
of
Bodies
Liquid
,
&c.
The
Meanes
to
Enduce
and
Accelerate
Putrefaction
,
are
;
First
by
Adding
some
Crude
pr
Watry
Moisture
;
As
in
Wetting
of
any
Flesh
,
Fruit
,
Wood
,
with
Water
,
&c.
For
contrariwise
Vnctuous
and
Oyly
Substances
preserue
.
The
Second
is
by
Inuitation
or
Excitation
;
As
when
a
Rotten
Apple
lyeth
close
to
another
Apple
that
is
Sound
;
Or
when
Dung
(
which
is
a
substance
,
already
Putrified
)
is
added
to
other
Bodies
.
And
this
is
also
notably
seene
in
Church-yards
,
where
they
bury
much
;
Where
the
Earth
will
consume
the
Corps
,
in
farre
shorter
time
,
than
other
Earth
will
.
The
Third
is
,
by
Closenesse
,
and
Stopping
,
which
detaineth
the
Spirits
,
in
Prison
,
more
than
they
would
;
And
thereby
irritateth
them
to
seeke
Issue
;
As
in
Corne
,
and
Cloaths
,
which
waxe
Musty
;
and
therefore
Open
Aire
(
which
they
call
Aer
perstabilis
)
doth
preserue
:
And
this
doth
appeare
more
Euidently
in
Agnes
,
which
come
(
most
of
them
,
)
of
Obstructions
,
and
Penning
the
Humours
,
which
thereupon
Putrisie
.
The
Fourth
is
,
by
Solution
of
Continuity
;
As
we
see
an
Apple
will
rot
sooner
,
if
it
be
Cut
or
Pierced
;
And
so
will
Wood
,
&c.
And
so
the
Flesh
of
Creatures
aliue
,
where
they
haue
receiued
any
Wound
.
The
Fifth
is
,
either
by
the
Exhaling
,
or
by
the
Driuing
back
of
the
Principall
Spirits
,
which
preserue
the
Consistence
of
the
Body
;
So
that
when
their
Gouernment
is
Dissolued
,
euery
Part
returneth
to
his
Nature
,
or
Homogeny
.
And
this
appeareth
in
Vrine
,
and
Blond
,
when
they
coole
,
and
thereby
breake
;
It
appeareth
also
in
the
Gangrene
,
or
Mortification
of
Flesh
,
either
by
Opiates
,
or
by
Intense
Colds
.
I
conceiue
also
the
same
Effect
is
in
Pestilences
,
for
that
the
Malignity
of
the
Infecting
Vapour
,
daunceth
the
Principall
Spirits
,
and
maketh
them
fly
,
and
leaue
their
Regiment
;
And
then
the
Humours
,
Flesh
,
and
Secondary
Spirits
,
doe
dissolue
,
and
breake
,
as
in
an
Anarchy
.
The
Sixth
is
,
when
a
Forraine
Spirit
,
Stronger
and
more
Eager
than
the
Spirit
of
the
Body
,
entreth
the
Body
;
As
in
the
Stinging
of
Serpents
.
And
this
is
the
Cause
(
generally
)
that
vpon
all
Poysons
followeth
Swelling
:
And
we
see
Swelling
followeth
also
,
when
the
Spirits
of
the
Body
it selfe
,
Congregate
too
much
;
As
vpon
Blowes
,
and
Bruises
;
Or
when
they
are
Pent
in
too
much
,
as
in
Swelling
vpon
Cold.
And
we
see
also
,
that
the
Spirits
comming
of
Putrefaction
of
Humours
in
Agues
,
&c.
Which
may
be
counted
as
Forraine
Spirits
,
though
they
be
bred
within
the
Body
,
doe
Extinguish
and
Suffocate
the
Naturall
Spirits
,
and
Heat
.
The
Seuenth
is
,
by
such
a
Weake
Degree
of
Heat
,
as
setteth
the
Spirits
in
a
little
Motion
,
but
is
not
able
,
either
to
disgest
the
Parts
,
or
to
Issue
the
Spirits
;
As
is
seene
in
Flesh
kept
in
a
Roome
that
is
not
Coole
;
Whereas
in
a
Coole
and
Wet
Larder
it
will
keepe
longer
.
And
wee
see
,
that
Viuisication
(
whereof
Putrefaction
is
the
Bastard
Brother
,
)
is
effected
by
such
Soft
Heats
;
As
the
Hatching
of
Egges
;
The
Heat
of
the
Wombe
,
&c.
The
Eight
is
,
by
the
Releasing
of
the
Spirits
;
which
before
were
close
kept
by
the
Solidnesse
of
their
Couerture
,
and
thereby
their
Appetite
of
Issuing
checked
;
As
in
the
Artificiall
Rusts
induced
by
strong
Waters
,
in
Iron
,
Lead
,
&c.
And
therefore
Wetting
hasteneth
Rust
,
or
Putrefaction
of
any
thing
,
because
it
softeneth
the
Crust
,
for
the
Spirits
to
come
forth
.
The
Ninth
is
,
by
the
Enterchange
of
Heat
and
Cold
,
or
Wet
and
dry
;
As
wee
see
in
the
Moulding
of
Earth
in
Frosts
,
and
Sunne
;
And
in
the
more
hasty
Rotting
of
Wood
,
that
is
sometimes
wet
,
sometimes
dry
.
The
Tenth
is
,
by
Time
,
and
the
Worke
Procedure
of
the
Spirits
themselues
,
which
cannot
keepe
their
Station
;
Especially
if
they
be
lost
to
themselues
;
And
there
be
not
Agitation
or
Locall
Motion
.
As
wee
see
in
Corne
not
stirred
;
And
Mens
Bodies
not
exercised
.
All
Moulds
are
Inceptions
of
Putrefaction
;
As
the
Moulds
of
Pyes
,
and
Flesh
;
the
Moulds
of
Orenges
,
and
Limons
;
which
Moulds
afterwards
turne
into
Wormes
,
or
more
odious
Putrefactions
:
And
therfore
(
commonly
)
proue
to
be
ill
Odour
.
And
if
the
Body
be
Liquid
,
and
not
apt
to
Putrifie
totally
,
it
will
cast
vp
a
Mother
in
the
Top
;
As
the
Mothers
of
Distilled
Waters
.
Mosse
is
a
kinde
of
Mould
,
of
the
Earth
,
and
Trees
.
But
it
may
be
better
sorted
as
a
Rudiment
of
Germination
;
To
which
we
referre
it
.
It
is
an
Enquiry
of
Excellent
vse
,
to
Enquire
of
the
Meanes
of
Preuenting
or
Staying
Putrefaction
,
For
therein
consisteth
the
Meanes
of
Conseruation
of
Bodies
;
For
Bodies
haue
two
Kindes
of
Dissolutions
;
The
one
by
Consumption
,
and
Deficcation
;
The
other
by
Putrefaction
.
Experiments
in
Consort
,
touching
Pro●●●●●●
and
Preuenting
Putrefaction
.
But
as
for
the
Putrefactions
of
the
Bodies
of
Men
,
and
Liuing
Creatures
,
(
as
in
Agues
,
Wormes
,
Consumptions
of
the
Lungs
,
Impostumes
,
and
Vlcers
both
Inwards
and
Outwards
,
)
they
are
a
great
Part
of
Physicke
,
and
Surgery
:
And
therefore
we
will
reserue
the
Enquiry
of
them
to
the
proper
Place
,
where
we
shall
handle
Medicinal
Experiments
of
all
Sorts
.
Of
the
rest
we
will
now
Enter
into
an
Enquiry
:
wherein
much
light
may
be
taken
,
form
that
which
hath
beene
said
,
of
the
Meanes
to
Enduce
or
Accelerate
Putrefaction
;
For
the
Remouing
that
,
which
caused
Putrefaction
,
doth
Preuent
and
Auoid
Putrefaction
.
The
First
Meanes
of
Prohibiting
or
Checking
Putrefaction
,
is
Cold
:
For
so
wee
see
Meat
and
Drinke
will
last
longer
,
Vnputrified
,
or
Vnsowred
,
in
Winter
,
than
in
Summer
:
And
we
see
that
Flowers
,
and
fruits
,
put
in
Conseruatories
of
Snow
,
keepe
fresh
.
And
this
worketh
by
the
Detention
of
the
Spirits
,
and
Constipation
of
the
Tangible
Parts
.
The
Second
is
Astriction
:
For
Astriction
prohibiteth
Dissolution
:
As
we
see
(
generally
)
in
Medicines
,
whereof
such
as
are
Astringents
doe
inhibite
Putrefaction
;
And
by
the
same
reason
of
Astringency
,
some
small
Quantity
of
Oile
of
Vitrioll
,
will
keepe
Fresh
Water
long
from
Putrefying
.
And
this
Astriction
is
in
a
substance
that
hath
a
Virtuall
Cold
;
And
it
worketh
(
partly
)
by
the
fame
Meanes
that
Cold
doth
.
The
Third
is
,
the
Excluding
of
the
Aire
;
And
againe
,
the
Exposing
to
the
Aire
;
For
these
Contraries
,
(
as
it
commeth
often
to
passe
;
)
worke
the
same
Effect
,
according
to
the
Nature
of
the
Subiect
Matter
.
So
we
see
,
that
Beere
,
or
Wine
,
in
Bottles
close
stopped
,
last
long
;
That
the
Garners
vnder
Ground
keepe
Come
longer
than
those
aboue
Ground
;
and
that
Fruit
closed
in
Waxe
keepeth
fresh
:
And
likewise
Bodies
put
in
Honey
,
and
Flower
,
keepe
more
fresh
;
And
Liquours
,
Drinkes
,
and
Iuices
,
with
a
little
Oyle
cast
on
the
Top
keepe
fresh
.
Contratiwise
,
we
see
that
Cloth
and
Apparell
,
not
Aired
,
doe
breed
Moathes
,
and
Mould
;
And
the
Diuersity
is
,
that
in
Bodies
that
need
Detenties
of
Spirits
,
the
Excluston
of
the
Aire
doth
good
;
As
in
Drinkes
,
and
C●●●●
:
But
in
Bodies
that
need
Emission
of
Spirits
,
to
discharge
some
of
the
Superfluous
Moisture
,
it
doth
hurt
,
for
they
require
Atring
.
The
fourth
is
Motion
,
and
Stirring
;
For
Putrefaction
asketh
Rest
;
For
the
Subtill
Motion
,
which
Putrefaction
requireth
,
is
disturbed
by
any
Agitation
;
And
all
Locall
Motion
keepeth
Bodies
Integrall
,
and
their
Parts
together
;
As
we
see
that
Turning
ouer
of
Corne
in
a
Garner
;
Or
Letting
it
runne
like
an
Houre-glasse
,
from
an
vpper
Roome
into
a
Lower
,
doth
keepe
it
Sweet
;
And
Running
Waters
putrefie
not
;
And
in
Mens
Bodles
.
Exercise
hindreth
Putrefaction
;
And
contrariwise
Rest
,
and
Want
of
Motion
,
or
Stoppings
,
(
whereby
the
Runne
of
Humours
,
or
the
Motion
of
Perspiration
,
is
stayed
,
)
further
Putrefaction
;
As
we
part
partly
touched
a
little
before
.
The
Fifth
is
,
the
Breathing
forth
of
the
Aduentitious
Moisture
in
Bodies
;
For
as
Wetting
doth
hasten
Putrefaction
;
So
Connenient
Drying
.
(
wherby
the
more
Radicall
Moisture
is
onely
kept
in
,
)
putteth
backe
Putrefaction
:
So
we
see
that
Herbs
,
and
Flowers
,
if
they
be
dried
in
the
Shade
;
Or
dried
in
the
hot
Sunne
,
for
a
small
time
,
keepe
best
.
For
the
Emission
of
the
Loose
and
Aduentitious
Moisture
,
doth
betray
the
Radicall
Moisture
;
And
carryeth
it
out
for
Company
.
The
Sixth
is
,
the
Strengthning
of
the
Spirits
of
Bodies
;
For
as
a
Great
Heat
keepeth
Bodies
from
Putrefaction
;
But
a
Tepide
Heat
enclineth
them
to
Putrefaction
:
So
a
Strong
Spirit
likewise
preserueth
,
and
a
Weake
or
Faint
Spirit
disposeth
to
Corruption
.
So
we
finde
that
Salt-water
corrupteth
not
so
soone
as
Fresh
:
And
Salting
of
Oisters
,
and
Powdring
of
Meat
,
keepeth
them
from
Putrefaction
,
It
would
be
tried
also
,
whether
Chalke
put
into
Water
,
or
Drinke
doth
not
preserue
it
from
Putrefying
,
or
speedy
Souring
.
So
wee
see
that
Strong
Beere
,
will
last
longer
than
Small
;
And
all
Things
,
that
are
hot
and
Aromaticall
,
doe
helpe
to
preserue
Liquours
,
or
Powders
,
&c.
Which
they
doe
,
as
well
by
Strengthning
the
Spirits
,
as
by
Soaking
out
the
loose
Moisture
;
The
Seuenth
is
,
Separation
of
the
Cruder
Parts
,
and
thereby
making
the
Body
more
Equall
;
for
all
vnperfect
Mixture
is
apt
to
Putrefie
;
And
Watry
Substances
are
more
apt
to
Putrefie
,
than
Oyly
.
So
we
see
Distilled
Waters
will
last
longer
than
Raw
waters
;
And
Things
that
haue
passed
the
Fire
,
doe
last
longer
,
than
those
that
haue
not
passed
the
Fire
;
As
Dried
Peares
,
&c.
The
Eighth
is
,
the
Drawing
forth
continually
of
that
part
,
where
the
Putrefaction
beginneth
:
Which
is
(
commonly
)
the
Loose
and
watry
Moisture
;
Not
onely
for
the
Reason
before
giuen
,
that
it
prouoketh
the
Radicall
Moisture
to
come
forth
with
it
;
But
because
being
detained
in
the
Body
,
the
Putrefaction
taking
hold
of
it
,
insecteth
the
rest
:
As
we
see
in
the
Embalming
dead
Bodies
;
And
the
same
Reason
is
of
Preseruing
Herbs
,
or
Fruits
,
or
Flowers
,
in
Branne
,
or
Meale
.
The
Ninth
,
is
the
Commixiture
of
any
Thing
that
is
more
Oily
,
or
Sweet
:
For
such
Bodies
are
least
apt
to
Putrefie
,
the
Aire
working
little
vpon
them
;
And
they
not
putrefying
preserue
the
rest
.
And
therefore
we
see
Syrrups
,
and
Ointments
,
will
last
longer
,
than
Iuyces
.
The
Tenth
is
,
the
Commixture
of
somewhat
that
is
Dry
;
For
Putrefaction
beginneth
first
from
the
Spirits
;
And
then
from
the
Moisture
;
And
that
that
is
dry
is
vnapt
to
puttrefie
:
And
therefore
Smoake
preserueth
Flesh
;
As
wee
see
in
Bacon
,
and
Neats-Tongues
,
and
Martlemas
Beese
,
&c.
The
Opinion
of
some
of
the
Ancients
,
that
Blowne
Aires
doe
preserue
Bodies
,
longer
than
other
Aires
,
seemeth
to
Mee
Probable
;
For
that
the
Blowne
Aires
,
being
Ouer-charged
and
Compressed
,
will
hardly
receiue
the
Exhaling
of
any
Thing
,
but
rather
repulse
it
.
It
was
tried
in
a
Blowne
Bladder
,
whereinto
Flesh
was
put
,
and
likewise
a
Flower
,
and
it
sorted
not
;
For
Dry
Bladders
will
not
Blow
:
And
New
Bladders
rather
further
Putrefaction
:
The
way
were
therfore
,
blow
strongly
,
with
a
Paire
of
Bellowes
,
into
a
Hogshead
,
putting
into
the
Hogshead
(
before
)
that
which
you
would
haue
preserued
;
And
in
the
instant
that
you
withdraw
the
Bellowes
,
stop
the
Hole
close
.
The
Experiments
of
Wood
that
Shineth
in
the
Darke
,
we
haue
diligently
driuen
,
and
pursued
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
Wood
Shining
in
the
Darke
.
The
rather
,
for
that
of
all
Things
,
that
giue
Light
here
below
,
it
is
the
most
Durable
.
And
hath
least
Apparent
Motion
,
Fire
and
Flame
are
in
continuall
Expence
;
Sugar
shineth
onely
while
it
is
in
Scraping
;
And
Salt-water
while
it
is
in
Dashing
;
Glowing
●●es
haue
their
Shining
while
they
liue
or
a
little
after
;
Onely
Scales
of
Fishes
(
Putrified
)
seeme
to
be
of
the
same
Nature
with
Shining
Wood
;
And
it
is
true
,
that
all
Putrefaction
hath
with
it
an
Inward
Motion
,
as
well
as
Fire
,
or
Light
.
The
Triall
sorted
thus
.
1.
The
Shining
is
in
some
Peeces
more
Bright
,
in
some
more
Di●●●
;
but
the
most
Bright
of
all
doth
not
attaine
to
the
Light
of
a
Glow-w●●●●
.
2.
The
Woods
that
haue
beene
tried
to
shine
,
are
chiefly
Sallow
,
and
Willow
;
Also
the
A●●
,
and
Husle
;
It
may
be
,
it
holdeth
in
others
.
3.
Both
Roots
,
and
Bodies
doe
shine
,
but
the
Roots
better
.
4.
The
Colour
of
the
Shining
Part
,
by
Day-light
,
is
in
some
Peeces
White
,
in
some
Peeces
inclining
to
Red
;
Which
in
the
Countrey
they
call
the
White
,
and
Red
Garret
.
5.
The
Part
that
Shineth
,
is
,
(
for
the
most
part
)
somewhat
Safe
,
and
Moist
to
feele
to
;
But
some
was
sound
to
be
Firme
and
Hard
;
So
as
it
might
be
figured
into
a
Crosse
,
or
into
Beads
,
&c.
But
you
must
not
looke
to
haue
an
Image
,
or
the
like
,
in
any
Thing
that
is
Lightsome
;
For
euen
a
face
in
Iron
red
Hot
will
not
be
seene
,
the
Light
confounding
the
small
differences
of
Lightsome
and
Darksome
,
which
shew
the
figure
.
6.
There
was
the
Shining
Part
pared
off
,
till
you
came
to
that
,
that
did
not
Shine
;
But
within
two
Dayes
the
Part
Contiguous
began
also
to
Shine
,
being
laid
abroad
in
the
Dew
;
So
as
it
seemeth
the
Putrefaction
spreadeth
.
7.
There
was
other
dead
Wood
of
like
kinde
,
that
was
Laid
abroad
,
which
Shined
not
at
the
first
;
But
after
a
Nights
lying
abroad
began
to
Shine
.
8.
There
was
other
Wood
,
that
did
First
Shine
;
And
being
laid
dry
in
the
House
,
within
fiue
or
six
daies
,
Lost
the
Shining
;
And
laid
abroad
againe
,
Recouered
the
Shining
:
9.
Shining
woods
,
being
laid
in
a
Dry
Roome
,
within
a
Seuen
night
,
lose
their
Shining
;
But
being
laid
in
a
Cellar
,
or
Darke
Roome
,
kept
the
Shining
.
10.
The
Boring
of
Holes
,
in
that
kinde
of
Wood
,
and
then
laying
it
abroad
,
seemeth
to
conduce
to
make
it
Shine
:
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
all
Solution
of
Continuity
doth
helpe
on
Putrefaction
,
as
was
touched
before
.
11.
No
Wood
hath
beene
yet
tried
to
Shine
,
that
was
cut
downe
aliue
,
but
such
as
was
Rotted
,
both
in
Stocke
,
and
Root
,
while
it
grew
.
12.
Part
of
the
Wood
that
Shined
,
was
Steeped
in
Oyle
,
and
retained
the
Shining
a
Forthnight
.
13.
The
like
succeeded
in
some
Steeped
in
Water
,
and
much
better
.
14.
How
long
the
Shining
will
continue
,
if
the
Wood
be
laid
abroad
euery
Night
,
and
taken
in
and
Sprinckled
with
Water
in
the
Day
,
is
not
yet
tryed
.
15.
Triall
was
made
of
laying
it
abroad
in
Frostie
weather
,
which
hurt
it
not
.
16.
There
was
a
great
Peece
of
a
Root
which
did
shine
,
and
the
Shining
Part
was
Cut
off
,
till
no
more
Shined
;
Yet
after
two
Nights
,
though
it
were
kept
in
a
drie
Roome
,
it
got
a
Shining
.
The
Bringing
,
forth
of
liuing
Creatures
may
be
accelerated
in
two
Respects
:
The
one
,
if
the
Embryon
ripeneth
and
perfecteth
sooner
:
The
other
if
there
be
some
Cause
from
the
Mothers
Body
,
of
Expulsion
or
Putting
it
downe
:
whereof
the
Former
is
good
,
and
argueth
Strength
;
The
Latter
is
ill
,
and
commeth
by
Accident
or
Disease
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
the
Acceleration
of
Birth
And
therefore
the
Ancient
Obseruation
is
true
,
that
the
Childe
borne
in
the
Seuenth
Mo●●●th
,
doth
commonly
well
;
But
Borne
in
the
Eighth
Moneth
,
doth
(
for
the
most
part
)
die
.
But
the
Cause
assigned
is
Fabulous
;
Which
is
,
that
in
the
Eighth
Moneth
,
should
be
the
Returne
of
the
Raigne
,
of
the
Planet
Saturne
:
which
(
as
they
say
)
is
a
Planet
Maligne
;
whereas
in
the
Seuenth
is
the
Raigne
of
the
Moone
,
which
is
a
Planet
Propitious
.
But
the
true
Cause
is
,
for
that
where
there
is
so
great
a
Preuention
of
the
Ordinary
time
,
it
is
the
lustinesse
of
the
Childe
;
But
when
it
is
lesse
,
it
is
some
Indisposition
of
the
Mother
.
To
Accelerate
Growth
or
Stature
,
it
must
proceed
;
Either
from
the
Plentie
of
the
Nourishment
;
Or
from
the
Nature
of
the
Nourishment
;
Or
from
the
Quickening
and
Exciting
of
the
Naturall
Heat
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
the
Acceleration
of
growth
and
Stature
.
For
the
first
,
Excesse
of
Nourishment
is
hurtfull
;
For
it
maketh
the
Childe
Corpulent
;
And
Growing
in
Breadth
,
rather
than
in
Heighth
.
And
you
may
take
an
Experiment
from
Plants
,
which
,
if
they
spread
much
,
are
seldome
tall
.
As
for
the
Nature
of
the
Nourishment
;
First
,
it
may
not
be
too
Drie
;
And
therefore
Children
in
Dayrie
Countries
doe
wax
more
tall
,
than
where
they
feed
more
vpon
Bread
,
and
Flesh.
There
is
also
a
receiued
Tale
;
That
Boyling
of
Dasie
Roots
in
Milke
(
which
it
is
certaine
are
great
Driers
)
will
make
Dogs
little
.
But
so
much
is
true
,
that
an
Ouer-drie
Nourishment
in
Childhood
putteth
backe
Stature
.
Secondly
,
the
Nourishment
must
be
of
an
Opening
Nature
;
For
that
Attenuateth
the
Iuice
,
and
furthereth
the
Motion
of
the
Spirits
,
vpwards
.
Neither
is
it
without
cause
,
that
Xenophon
,
in
the
Nouriture
of
the
Persian
Children
,
doth
so
much
commend
their
Feeding
vpon
Cardamon
;
which
(
hee
saith
)
made
them
grow
better
,
and
be
of
a
more
Actiue
Habit.
Cardamon
is
in
Latine
Nasturtium
;
And
with
vs
Water-Cresses
;
Which
,
it
is
certaine
,
is
an
Herbe
,
that
whilest
it
is
young
,
is
Friendly
to
Life
.
As
for
the
Quickening
of
Naturall
Heat
,
it
must
be
done
chiefly
with
Exercise
;
And
therefore
(
no
doubt
)
much
Going
to
Schoole
,
where
they
sit
so
much
,
hindreth
the
Growth
of
Children
;
whereas
Countrey
People
,
that
goe
not
to
Schoole
,
are
commonly
of
better
Stature
.
And
againe
Men
must
beware
,
how
they
giue
Children
,
any
thing
that
is
Cold
in
Operation
;
For
euen
Long
Sucking
doth
hinder
both
Wit
,
and
Stature
.
This
hath
beene
tried
,
that
a
Whelpe
,
that
hath
beene
fed
with
Nitre
in
Milke
,
hath
become
very
little
,
but
extreme
liuely
:
For
the
Spirit
of
Nitre
is
Cold.
And
though
it
be
an
Excellent
.
Medicine
,
in
Strength
of
yeares
,
for
Prolongation
of
Life
;
yet
it
is
,
in
Children
and
young
Creatures
,
an
Enemy
to
Growth
:
And
all
for
the
same
Reason
,
For
Heat
is
requisite
to
Growth
:
But
after
a
Man
is
come
to
his
Middle
Age
,
Heat
consumeth
the
Spirits
;
which
the
Coldnesse
of
the
Spirit
of
Nitre
doth
helpe
to
condense
,
and
correct
.
There
be
two
Great
Families
of
Things
;
You
may
terme
them
by
seuerall
Names
;
Sulphureous
and
Mercuriall
,
which
are
the
Chymists
Words
:
(
For
as
for
their
Sal
,
which
is
their
Third
Principle
,
it
is
a
Compound
of
the
other
two
;
)
Inflammable
and
Not
Inflammable
;
Mature
and
Crude
;
Oily
and
Watry
.
Experiments
in
Consort
touching
Sulphur
and
Mercury
,
two
of
Paracel●es
Principles
.
For
we
see
that
in
Subterranies
there
are
,
as
the
Fathers
of
their
Tribes
,
Brimstone
and
Mercury
:
In
Vegetables
,
and
Liuing
Creatures
there
is
Water
and
Oyle
:
In
the
Inferiour
Order
of
Pneumaticalls
there
is
Aire
and
Flame
:
And
in
the
Superiour
,
there
is
the
Body
of
the
Starre
,
and
the
Pure
Sky
.
And
these
Paires
,
though
they
be
vnlike
in
the
Primitiue
Differences
of
Matter
,
yet
they
seeme
to
haue
many
Consents
:
For
Mercury
and
Sulphure
are
principall
Materialls
of
Metalls
;
Water
and
Oyle
,
are
principall
Materialls
of
Vegetables
,
and
Animals
;
And
seeme
to
differ
but
in
Maturation
,
or
Concoction
:
Flame
(
in
Vulgar
Opinion
)
is
but
Aire
Incensed
;
And
they
both
haue
Quicknesse
of
Motion
,
and
Facility
of
Cession
,
much
alike
:
And
the
Interstellar
Sky
,
(
though
the
Opinion
be
vaine
,
that
the
Starre
is
the
Denser
Part
of
his
Orbe
,
)
hath
notwithstanding
so
much
Affinity
with
the
Starre
,
that
there
is
a
Rotation
of
that
,
as
well
as
of
the
Starre
.
Therefore
,
it
is
one
of
the
greatest
Magnalia
Naturae
,
to
turne
Water
,
or
Watry
Iuyce
,
into
Oile
or
Oily
Iuyce
:
Greater
in
Nature
,
than
to
turne
Siluer
,
or
Quick-siluer
,
into
Gold
.
The
Instances
we
haue
,
wherein
Crude
and
Watry
Substance
turneth
into
Fat
and
Oily
,
are
of
foure
kindes
.
First
in
the
Mixture
of
Earth
and
Water
;
which
mingled
by
the
helpe
of
the
Sunne
,
gather
a
Nitrous
Fatnesse
,
more
than
either
of
them
haue
seuerally
;
As
we
see
,
in
that
they
put
forth
Plants
,
which
need
both
Iuyces
.
The
Second
is
in
the
Assimilation
of
Nourishment
,
made
in
the
Bodies
of
Plants
,
and
Liuing
Creatures
;
Where
of
Plants
turne
the
Iuyce
of
meere
Water
and
Earth
,
into
a
great
deale
of
Oily
Matter
:
Liuing
Creatures
,
though
much
of
their
Fat
,
and
Flesh
,
are
out
of
Oily
Aliments
,
(
as
Meat
,
and
Bread
,
)
yet
they
Assimilate
also
in
a
Measure
their
Drinke
of
Water
,
&c.
But
these
two
Wayes
of
Version
of
Water
into
Oyle
,
(
namely
by
Mixture
,
and
by
Assimilation
)
are
by
many
Passages
,
and
Percolations
,
and
by
long
Continuance
of
soft
Heats
,
and
by
Circuits
of
Time
.
The
third
is
in
the
Inception
of
Putrefaction
;
As
in
Water
Corrupted
;
And
the
Mothers
of
Waters
Distilled
;
Both
which
haue
a
kinde
of
Fatnesse
,
or
Oyle
.
The
Fourth
is
in
the
Dulcoration
of
some
Metalls
;
As
Saccharum
Saturni
,
&c.
The
Intention
of
Version
of
Water
into
a
more
Oily
Substance
,
is
by
Disgestion
;
For
Oile
is
almost
Nothing
else
but
Water
disgested
;
And
this
Disgestion
;
is
principally
by
Heats
Which
Heat
must
be
either
Outward
,
or
Inward
:
Againe
,
it
may
be
by
Prouocation
,
or
Excitation
;
Which
is
caused
by
the
Mingling
of
Bodies
already
Oily
,
or
Disgested
;
For
they
will
somewhat
Communicate
their
Nature
with
the
rest
.
Disgestion
also
is
strongly
effected
by
direct
Assimilation
,
of
Bodies
Crude
into
Bodies
Disgested
;
As
in
Plants
,
and
Liuing
Creatures
,
whose
Nourishment
is
far
more
Crude
than
their
Bodies
:
But
this
Disgestion
is
by
a
great
Compasse
,
as
hath
beene
said
.
As
for
the
more
full
Handling
of
these
two
Principles
,
whereof
this
is
but
a
Taste
;
(
the
Enquiry
of
which
is
one
of
the
Profoundest
Enquiries
of
Nature
,
)
We
leaue
it
to
the
Title
of
Version
of
Bodies
;
And
likewise
to
the
Title
of
the
First
Congregations
of
Matter
;
Which
like
a
Generall
Assembly
of
Estates
,
doth
giue
Law
to
all
Bodies
.
A
Chameleon
is
a
Creature
about
the
Bignesse
of
an
Ordinary
Lizard
:
His
Head
vnproportionably
bigge
;
His
Eyes
great
:
He
moueth
his
Head
without
the
writhing
of
his
Necke
,
(
which
is
inflexible
,
)
as
a
Hogge
doth
:
His
Backe
crooked
;
His
Skin
Spotted
with
little
Tumours
,
lesse
Eminent
nearer
the
Belly
;
His
Taile
slender
,
and
long
:
On
each
Foot
he
hath
fiue
Fingers
;
three
on
the
Outside
,
and
two
on
the
Inside
;
His
Tongue
of
a
maruellous
Length
in
respect
of
his
Body
,
and
hollow
at
the
end
;
Which
he
will
launch
out
to
prey
vpon
Flses
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
Chameleons
.
Of
Colour
Greene
,
and
of
a
dusky
Yellow
,
brighter
and
whiter
towards
the
Belly
;
Yet
spotted
with
Blew
,
White
,
and
Red.
If
hee
be
laid
vpon
Greene
,
the
Greene
predominateth
;
If
vpon
Yellow
,
the
Yellow
;
Not
so
if
he
be
laid
vpon
Blew
,
or
Red
,
or
White
;
Onely
the
Greene
Spots
receiue
a
more
Orient
Lustre
:
Laid
vpon
Blacke
,
he
looketh
all
Blacke
,
though
not
without
a
Mixture
of
Greene.
He
feedeth
not
only
vpon
Aire
,
(
though
that
be
his
principall
Sustenance
;
)
For
sometimes
hee
taketh
Flies
,
as
was
said
;
yet
some
that
haue
kept
Chameleons
a
whole
yeare
together
,
could
neuer
perceiue
that
euer
they
fed
vpon
any
Thing
else
but
Aire
;
And
might
obserue
their
Bellies
to
swell
after
they
had
exhausted
the
Aire
,
and
closed
their
Iawes
;
Which
they
open
commonly
against
the
Rayes
of
the
Sunne
.
They
haue
a
foolish
Tradition
in
Magicke
,
that
if
a
Chameleon
be
burnt
vpon
the
Top
of
a
House
,
it
will
raise
a
Tempest
;
Supposing
(
according
to
their
vaine
Dreames
of
Sympathies
)
because
he
nourisheth
with
Aire
,
his
Body
should
haue
great
vertue
to
make
Impression
vpon
the
Aire
.
It
is
reported
by
one
of
the
Ancients
,
that
in
Part
of
Media
,
there
are
Eruptions
of
Flames
out
of
Plaines
;
And
that
those
Flames
are
cleare
,
and
cast
not
forth
such
Smoake
,
and
Ashes
,
and
Pummice
,
as
Mountaine
Flames
doe
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
Subterrany
Fires
.
The
Reason
(
no
doubt
)
is
,
because
the
Flame
is
not
pent
,
as
it
is
in
Mountaines
,
and
Earth-quakes
which
cast
Flame
.
There
be
also
some
Blinde
Fires
,
vnder
Stone
,
which
flame
not
out
,
but
Oile
being
powred
vpon
them
,
they
flame
out
.
The
Cause
whereof
is
,
for
that
it
seemeth
,
the
Fire
is
so
choaked
,
as
not
able
to
remoue
the
Stone
,
it
is
Heat
,
rather
than
Flame
;
Which
neuerthelesse
is
sufficient
to
Enflame
the
Oyle
.
It
is
reported
,
that
in
some
Lakes
,
the
Water
is
so
Nitrous
,
as
if
Foule
Cloaths
be
put
into
it
,
it
scoureth
them
of
it selfe
:
And
if
they
stay
any
whit
long
,
they
moulder
away
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
Nitre
.
And
the
Scouring
Vertue
of
Nitre
is
the
more
to
be
noted
,
because
it
is
a
Body
Cold
;
And
we
see
Warme
Water
scoureth
better
than
Cold.
But
the
Cause
is
,
for
that
it
hath
a
Subtill
Spirit
,
which
seuereth
and
diuideth
any
thing
that
is
soule
,
and
Viscous
,
and
sticketh
vpon
a
Body
.
Take
a
Bladder
,
the
greatest
you
can
get
;
Fill
it
full
of
Winde
,
and
tye
it
about
the
Necke
with
a
Silke
thred
waxed
;
And
vpon
that
put
likewise
Wax
very
close
;
So
that
when
the
Neck
of
the
Bladder
dryeth
,
no
Aire
may
possibly
get
in
,
nor
out
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
Congealing
of
Aire
.
Then
bury
it
three
or
foure
foot
vnder
the
Earth
,
in
a
Vault
,
or
in
a
Conferuatory
of
Snow
,
the
Snow
being
made
hollow
about
the
Bladder
;
And
after
some
Forthnights
distance
,
see
whether
the
Bladder
be
shruncke
:
For
if
it
be
,
then
it
is
plaine
,
that
the
Coldnesse
of
the
Earth
,
or
Snow
,
hath
Condensed
the
Aire
,
and
brought
it
a
Degree
nearer
to
Water
:
Which
is
an
Experiment
of
great
Consequence
.
It
is
a
Report
of
some
good
credit
,
that
in
Deepe
Caues
,
there
are
Pensile
Crystall
,
and
Degrees
of
Crystall
that
drop
from
aboue
;
And
in
some
other
,
(
though
more
rarely
)
that
rise
from
below
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
Congealing
of
Water
into
Crystall
.
Which
though
it
be
chiefly
the
Worke
of
Cold
,
yet
it
may
be
,
that
Water
,
that
passeth
thorow
the
Earth
,
gathereth
a
Nature
more
clammy
,
and
fitter
to
Congeale
,
and
become
Solide
,
than
Water
of
it selfe
.
Therfore
Triall
would
be
made
,
to
lay
a
Heape
of
Earth
,
in
great
Frosts
,
vpon
a
Hollow
Vessell
,
putting
a
Canuase
betweene
,
that
it
falleth
not
in
:
And
poure
Water
vpon
it
,
in
such
Quantitie
,
as
will
be
sure
to
soake
thorow
;
And
see
whether
it
will
not
make
an
harder
Ice
in
the
bottome
of
the
Vessell
,
and
lesse
apt
to
dissolue
,
than
ordinarily
.
I
suppose
also
,
that
if
you
make
the
Earth
narrower
at
the
bottome
,
than
at
the
Top
,
in
fashion
of
a
Sugar
Loafe
Reuersed
,
it
will
helpe
the
Experiment
.
For
it
will
make
the
Ice
,
where
it
Issueth
,
lesse
in
Bulke
;
And
euermore
Smalnesse
of
Quantity
is
a
Helpe
to
Version
.
Take
Damaske
Roses
,
and
pull
them
;
Then
dry
them
vpon
the
Top
of
an
House
,
vpon
a
Lead
or
Tarras
,
in
the
hot
Sunne
,
in
a
cleare
day
,
betweene
the
Houres
(
onely
)
of
twelue
and
two
;
or
there
abouts
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
Preseruing
of
Roseleaues
,
both
in
Colour
,
&
Smell
.
Then
put
them
into
a
Sweet
Dry
Earthen
Bottle
,
or
a
Glasse
,
with
narrow
Mouthes
,
stuffing
them
close
together
,
but
without
Bruising
:
Stop
the
Bottle
,
or
Glasse
,
close
,
and
these
Roses
will
retaine
,
not
onely
their
Smell
Perfect
,
but
their
Colour
fresh
,
for
a
yeare
at
least
.
Note
,
that
Nothing
doth
so
much
destroy
any
Plant
,
or
other
Body
,
either
by
Putrefaction
,
or
Arefaction
,
as
the
Aduentitious
Moisture
,
which
hangeth
loose
in
the
Body
,
if
it
be
not
drawne
out
.
For
it
betrayeth
and
tolleth
forth
the
Innate
and
Radicall
Moisture
,
along
with
it
,
when
it selfe
goeth
forth
.
And
therefore
in
Liuing
Creatures
,
Moderate
Sweat
doth
preserue
the
Iuyce
of
the
Body
.
Note
that
these
Roses
,
when
you
take
them
from
the
Drying
,
haue
little
or
no
Smell
;
So
that
the
Smell
is
a
Second
Smell
,
that
issueth
out
of
the
Flower
afterwards
.
The
Continuance
of
Flame
,
according
vnto
the
diuersity
of
the
Body
Enflamed
,
and
other
Circumstances
,
is
worthy
the
Enquiry
;
Chiefly
,
for
that
though
Flame
be
(
almost
)
of
a
Momentany
Lasting
,
yet
it
receiueth
the
More
,
and
the
Lesse
:
we
will
first
therefore
speake
(
at
large
)
of
Bodies
Enflamed
,
wholly
,
and
Immediately
,
without
any
Wieke
to
helpe
the
Inflammations
.
Experiments
in
Consort
,
touching
the
Continuance
of
Flame
.
A
Spoonefull
of
Spirit
of
Wine
,
a
little
heated
,
was
taken
,
and
it
burnt
as
long
as
came
to
116.
Pulses
.
The
same
Quantity
of
Spirit
of
Wine
,
Mixed
with
the
Sixth
Part
of
a
Spoonefull
of
Nitre
,
burnt
but
to
the
space
of
94.
Pulses
.
Mixed
with
the
like
Quantity
of
Bay-salt
,
83.
Pulses
.
Mixed
with
the
like
Quantity
of
Gunpowder
,
which
dissolued
into
a
Blacke
water
,
110.
Pulses
.
A
Cube
,
or
Pellet
of
Yellow
Waxe
,
was
taken
,
as
much
as
halfe
the
Spirit
of
Wine
,
and
set
in
the
Middest
,
and
it
burnt
onely
to
the
space
of
87.
Pulses
.
Mixed
with
the
Sixth
Part
of
a
spoonefull
of
Milke
,
it
burnt
to
the
space
of
100.
Pulses
;
And
the
Milke
was
crudled
.
Mixed
with
the
Sixth
Part
of
a
spoonefull
of
Water
,
it
burnt
to
the
space
of
86.
Pulses
;
With
an
Equall
Quantity
of
Water
,
onely
to
the
space
of
4.
Pulses
.
A
small
Pebble
was
laid
in
the
Middest
;
and
the
Spirit
of
Wine
burnt
to
the
space
of
94.
Pulses
.
A
Peece
of
Wood
,
of
the
Bignesse
of
an
Arrow
,
and
about
a
Fingers
length
,
was
set
vp
in
the
Middest
,
and
the
Spirit
of
Wine
burnt
to
the
space
of
94.
Pulses
.
So
that
the
Spirit
of
Wine
Simple
,
endured
the
longest
;
And
the
Spirit
of
Wine
with
the
Bay-salt
,
and
the
Equall
Quantity
of
Water
,
were
the
shortest
.
Consider
well
,
whether
the
more
speedy
Going
forth
of
the
flame
,
becaused
,
by
the
Greater
Vigour
of
the
Flame
in
Burning
;
Or
by
the
Resistance
of
the
Body
mixed
,
and
the
Auersion
thereof
to
take
Flame
:
Which
will
appeare
by
the
Quantitie
of
the
Spirit
of
Wine
,
that
remaineth
after
the
Going
out
of
the
Flame
.
And
it
seemeth
cleerely
to
be
the
latter
;
For
that
the
Mixture
of
Things
least
apt
to
burne
,
is
the
Speediest
in
going
out
.
And
note
,
by
the
way
,
that
Spirit
of
Wine
burned
,
till
it
goe
out
of
it selfe
,
will
burne
no
more
;
And
tasteth
nothing
so
hot
in
the
Mouth
,
as
it
did
;
No
nor
yet
sowre
,
(
as
if
it
were
a
degree
towards
Vinegar
,
)
which
Burnt
Wine
doth
;
but
flat
and
dead
.
Note
,
that
in
the
Experiment
of
Wax
aforesaid
,
the
Wax
dissolued
in
the
burning
,
and
yet
did
not
incorporate
it selfe
,
with
the
Spirit
of
Wine
,
to
produce
one
Flame
;
but
wheresoeuer
the
Wax
floated
,
the
Flame
forsooke
it
,
till
at
last
it
spread
all
ouer
,
and
put
the
Flame
quite
out
.
The
Experiments
of
the
Mixtures
of
the
Spirit
of
Wine
enflamed
,
are
Things
of
discouerie
,
and
not
of
Vse
:
But
now
wee
will
speake
of
the
Continuance
of
Flames
,
such
as
are
vsed
for
Candles
,
Lamps
,
or
Tapers
;
consisting
of
Inflammable
Matters
,
and
of
a
Wieke
that
prouoketh
Inflamation
.
And
this
importeth
not
only
Discouerie
,
but
also
Vse
and
Profit
;
For
it
is
a
great
Sauing
,
in
all
such
Lights
,
if
they
can
be
made
as
faire
and
bright
as
others
,
and
yet
last
longer
.
Wax
Pure
made
into
a
Candle
,
and
Wax
Mixed
seuerally
into
Candle-stuffe
,
with
the
Particulars
that
follow
;
(
viz
Water
,
Aqua-vitae
,
Milke
,
Bay-salt
,
Oyle
,
Butter
,
Nitre
,
Brimstone
,
Saw-dust
,
)
Euery
of
these
bearing
a
Sixth
Part
to
the
Wax
;
And
euery
of
these
Candles
mixed
,
being
of
the
same
Weight
and
Wieke
with
the
Wax
Pure
,
proued
thus
in
the
Burning
,
and
Lasting
.
The
Swiftest
in
Consuming
was
that
with
Saw-dust
;
Which
first
burned
faire
,
till
some
part
of
the
Candle
was
consumed
;
and
the
Dust
gathered
about
the
Snaste
;
But
then
it
made
the
Snaste
bigge
,
and
long
,
and
to
burne
duskishly
,
and
the
Candle
wasted
in
halfe
the
time
of
the
Wax
Pure
.
The
next
in
Swiftnesse
,
were
the
Oyle
,
and
Butter
,
which
consumed
,
by
a
Fifth
part
,
swifter
than
the
Pure
Wax
.
Then
followed
in
Swiftnesse
the
Cleare
Wax
it selfe
.
Then
the
Bay-Salt
,
which
lasted
about
an
Eighth
part
longer
than
the
Cleare
Wax
.
Then
followed
the
Aqua-vita
,
which
lasted
about
a
Fifth
part
longer
than
the
Cleare
Wax
.
Then
followed
the
Milke
,
and
Water
,
with
little
difference
from
the
Aqua-vita
,
but
the
Water
slowest
.
And
in
these
foure
last
,
the
Wieke
would
spit
forth
little
Sparks
.
For
the
Nitre
,
it
would
not
hold
lighted
aboue
some
Twelue
Pulses
;
But
all
the
while
it
would
spit
out
Portions
of
Flame
,
which
afterwards
would
goe
out
into
a
vapour
.
For
the
Brimstone
,
it
would
hold
lighted
,
much
about
the
same
time
with
the
Nitre
;
But
then
after
a
little
while
,
it
would
harden
and
cake
about
the
Snaste
;
So
that
the
Mixture
of
Bay-Salt
with
Wax
,
will
winne
an
Eighth
part
of
the
time
of
lasting
,
and
the
Water
a
Fifth
.
After
the
Seuerall
Materialls
were
tried
,
Triall
was
likewise
made
of
seuerall
Wickes
;
As
of
Ordinary
Cotton
;
Sowing
Thred
;
Rush
;
Silke
;
Straw
;
and
Wood.
The
Silke
,
Straw
,
and
Wood
,
would
flame
a
little
,
till
they
came
to
the
Wax
,
and
then
goe
out
:
of
the
Other
Three
,
the
Thred
consumed
faster
than
the
Cotton
,
by
a
Sixth
part
of
Time
:
The
Cotton
next
:
Then
the
Rush
consumed
flower
than
the
Cotton
,
by
at
least
a
third
part
of
time
.
For
the
Bignesse
of
the
Flame
,
the
Cotton
,
and
Thred
,
cast
a
Flame
much
alike
;
and
the
Rush
much
lesse
,
and
dimmer
.
Quare
,
whether
Wood
,
and
Wiekes
both
,
as
in
Torches
,
consume
faster
,
than
the
Wiekes
Simple
?
We
haue
spoken
of
the
Seuerall
Materialls
,
and
the
Seuerall
Wiekes
:
But
to
the
lasting
of
the
Flame
,
it
importeth
also
;
Not
only
what
the
Materiall
is
,
but
in
the
same
Materiall
,
whether
it
be
Hard
,
Soft
,
Old
,
New
,
&c.
Good
Housewines
,
to
make
their
Candles
burne
the
longer
,
vse
to
lay
them
(
one
by
one
)
in
Bran
,
or
Flower
,
which
make
them
harder
,
and
so
they
Consume
the
flower
:
Insomuch
,
as
by
this
meanes
,
they
will
out-last
other
Candles
,
of
the
same
Stuffe
,
almost
Halfe
in
Halfe.
For
Bran
and
Flower
haue
a
Vertue
to
Harden
:
So
that
both
Age
,
and
lying
in
the
Bran
,
doth
helpe
to
the
Lasting
.
And
wee
see
that
Wax
Candles
last
longer
than
Tallow
Candles
,
because
Wax
is
more
firme
,
and
hard
.
The
Lasting
of
Flame
also
dependeth
vpon
the
easie
Drawing
of
the
Nourishment
;
As
we
see
in
the
Court
of
England
,
there
is
a
Seruice
which
they
call
All-night
;
which
is
(
as
it
were
)
a
great
Cake
of
Wax
,
with
the
Wieke
in
the
Middest
;
whereby
it
commeth
to
passe
,
that
the
Wieke
fetcheth
the
Nourishment
further
off
.
Wee
see
also
that
Lamps
last
longer
,
because
the
Vessell
is
farre
broader
,
than
the
Bredth
of
a
Taper
,
or
Candle
.
Take
a
Turretted
Lampe
of
Tinne
,
made
in
the
forme
of
a
Squire
;
The
Heighth
of
the
Turret
being
thrice
as
much
,
as
the
length
of
the
lower
part
,
whereupon
the
Lampe
standeth
:
Make
only
one
Hole
in
it
,
at
the
End
of
the
Returne
furthest
from
the
Turret
.
Reuerse
it
,
and
fill
it
full
of
Oile
,
by
that
Hole
;
And
then
set
it
vpright
againe
;
And
put
a
Wieke
in
at
the
Hole
;
And
lighten
it
:
You
shall
finde
,
that
it
will
burne
flow
,
and
a
long
time
.
Which
is
caused
,
(
as
was
said
last
before
,
)
for
that
the
Flame
fetcheth
the
Nourishment
a
Farre
off
.
You
shall
finde
also
,
that
as
the
Oile
wasteth
,
and
descendeth
,
so
the
Top
of
the
Turret
,
by
little
and
little
,
filleth
with
Aire
;
which
is
caused
by
the
Rarefaction
of
the
Oile
by
the
Heat
.
It
were
worthy
the
Obseruation
,
to
make
a
Hole
,
in
the
Top
of
the
Turret
,
and
to
trie
,
when
the
Oile
is
almost
consumed
,
whether
the
Aire
made
of
the
Oile
,
if
you
put
to
it
a
Flame
of
a
Candle
,
in
the
letting
of
it
forth
,
will
Enflame
.
It
were
good
also
to
haue
the
Lampe
made
,
not
of
Tinne
,
but
of
Glasse
,
that
you
may
see
how
the
Vapour
,
or
Aire
gathereth
,
by
degrees
,
in
the
Top.
A
fourth
Point
,
that
importeth
the
lasting
of
the
Flame
,
is
the
Closenesse
of
the
Aire
,
wherein
the
Flame
burneth
.
Wee
see
,
that
if
Wind
bloweth
vpon
a
Candle
,
it
wasteth
apace
.
We
see
also
,
it
lasteth
longer
in
a
Lanthorne
,
than
at
large
.
And
there
are
Traditions
of
Lamps
,
and
Candles
,
that
haue
burnt
a
very
long
time
,
in
Caues
,
and
Tombes
.
A
Fifth
Point
,
that
importeth
the
Lasting
of
the
Flame
,
is
the
Nature
of
the
Aire
,
where
the
Flame
burneth
;
whether
it
be
Hot
or
Cold
;
Moist
or
Drie
.
The
Aire
,
if
it
be
very
Cold
,
irritateth
the
Flame
,
and
maketh
it
burne
more
fiercely
;
(
As
Fire
scorcheth
in
Frostie
weather
;
)
And
so
furthereth
the
Consumption
.
The
Aire
once
heated
,
(
I
conceiue
)
maketh
the
Flame
burne
more
mildly
,
and
so
helpeth
the
Continuance
.
The
Aire
,
if
it
be
Drie
,
is
indifferent
:
The
Aire
,
if
it
be
Moist
,
doth
in
a
Degree
quench
the
Flame
:
(
As
wee
see
Lights
will
goe
out
in
the
Dumps
of
Mines
:
)
And
howsoeuer
maketh
it
burne
more
dully
:
And
so
helpeth
the
Continuance
.
Burialls
in
Earth
serue
for
Preseruation
;
And
for
Condensation
;
And
for
Induration
of
Bodies
.
Experiments
in
Consort
touching
Burialls
or
Insusions
of
diuers
Bodies
in
Earth
.
And
if
you
intend
Condensation
,
or
Induration
you
may
burie
the
Bodies
so
,
as
Earth
may
touch
them
:
As
if
you
will
make
Artificiall
Porcellane
,
&c.
And
the
like
you
may
doe
for
Conseruation
,
if
the
Bodies
be
Hard
,
and
Solid
;
As
Clay
,
Wood
,
&c.
But
if
you
intend
Preseruation
of
Bodies
,
more
Soft
and
Tender
,
then
you
must
doe
one
of
these
two
:
Either
you
must
put
them
in
Cases
,
whereby
they
may
not
touch
the
Earth
;
Or
else
you
must
vault
the
Earth
,
whereby
it
may
hang
ouer
them
,
and
not
touch
them
;
For
if
the
Earth
touch
them
,
it
will
doe
more
hurt
,
by
the
Moisture
,
causing
them
to
putrifie
,
than
good
by
the
virtuall
Cold
,
to
conserue
them
;
Except
the
Earth
be
very
Drie
,
and
Sandie
.
An
Orenge
,
Limon
,
and
Apple
,
wrapt
in
a
Linnen
Cloth
,
being
buried
for
a
Forthnights
Space
,
foure
Foot
deepe
within
the
Earth
,
though
it
were
in
a
Moist
Place
,
and
a
Rainie
Time
,
yet
came
forth
,
no
wayes
Mouldie
,
or
Rotten
,
but
were
become
a
little
harder
than
they
were
;
Otherwise
fresh
in
their
Colour
;
But
their
Iuyce
somewhat
flatted
.
But
with
the
Buriall
of
a
Forthnight
more
they
became
Putrified
.
A
Bottle
of
Beere
,
buried
in
like
manner
,
as
before
,
became
more
liuely
,
better
tasted
,
and
Clearer
,
than
it
was
.
And
a
Bottle
of
Wine
in
like
manner
.
A
Bottle
of
Vinegar
,
so
buried
,
came
forth
more
liuely
,
and
more
Odoriferous
,
smelling
almost
like
a
Violet
.
And
after
the
whole
Moneths
Buriall
,
all
the
Three
came
forth
,
as
fresh
and
liuely
,
if
not
better
,
than
before
.
It
were
a
profitable
Experiment
,
to
presrue
Orenges
,
Limons
,
and
Pomgranates
,
till
Summer
;
For
then
their
Price
will
be
mightily
increased
.
This
may
be
done
,
if
you
put
them
in
a
Pot
or
Vessell
,
well
couered
,
that
the
Moisture
of
the
Earth
come
not
at
them
;
Or
else
by
putting
them
in
a
Conseruatorie
of
Snow
.
And
generally
,
whosoeuer
will
make
Experiments
of
Cold
,
let
him
be
prouided
of
three
Things
;
A
Conseruatorie
of
Snow
;
A
good
large
Vault
,
twenty
foot
at
least
vnder
the
Ground
;
And
a
Deepe
Well
;
There
hath
beene
a
Tradition
,
that
Pearle
,
and
Cora●
,
and
TurchoisStone
,
that
haue
lost
their
Colours
,
may
be
recouered
by
Burying
in
the
Earth
:
Which
is
a
thing
of
great
profit
,
if
it
would
sort
:
But
vpon
Triall
of
Six
Weekes
Buriall
,
there
followed
no
Effect
.
It
were
good
to
trie
it
,
in
a
Deepe
Well
;
Or
in
a
Conseruatory
of
Snow
,
where
the
Cold
may
be
more
Constringent
;
And
so
make
the
Body
more
vnited
,
and
thereby
more
Resplendent
.
Mens
Bodier
are
heauier
,
and
lesse
disposed
to
Motion
,
when
S●●ther
●●
Winds
blow
,
than
when
Northerne
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
the
●●●●●
in
M●●●●●●
from
se●●●
winds
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
when
the
Southerne
Winds
blow
,
the
Humours
doe
(
in
some
Degree
)
melt
,
and
waxe
fluide
,
and
so
flow
into
the
Parts
;
As
it
is
seene
in
Wood
,
and
other
Bodies
,
which
,
when
the
Southerne
Winds
blow
,
doe
swell
.
Besides
,
the
Motion
and
Actiuity
of
the
Body
consisteth
chiefly
in
the
Sinewes
,
which
,
when
the
Southerne
Wind
bloweth
,
are
more
relaxe
.
It
is
commonly
seene
,
that
more
are
Sick
in
the
Summer
,
and
more
Dye
in
the
Winter
;
Except
it
be
in
Peslilent
Diseases
,
which
commonly
raigne
in
Summer
,
or
Autumne
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
Winter
and
Summer
●●●●●●
The
Reason
is
,
because
Diseases
are
bred
(
indeed
)
chiefly
by
Heat
;
But
then
they
are
Cured
most
by
Sweat
,
and
Purge
;
which
in
the
Summer
commeth
on
,
or
is
prouoked
,
more
Easily
:
As
for
Pestilent
Diseases
,
the
Reason
why
most
Dye
of
them
in
Summer
,
is
because
they
are
bred
most
in
the
Summer
;
For
otherwise
those
that
are
touched
are
in
most
Danger
in
the
Winter
.
The
Generall
Opinion
is
,
that
Yeares
Hot
and
Moist
,
are
most
Pestilent
;
Vpon
the
Superficiall
Ground
,
that
Heat
and
Moisture
cause
Putrefaction
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
Pesil●●●all
Seasons
.
In
England
it
is
found
not
true
;
For
,
many
times
,
there
haue
beene
great
Plagues
in
Dry
Yeares
.
Whereof
the
Cause
may
be
,
for
that
Drought
in
the
Bodies
of
Islanders
,
habituate
to
Moist
Aires
,
doth
Exasperate
the
Humours
,
and
maketh
them
more
apt
to
Putrifie
,
or
Enflame
:
Besides
,
it
tainteth
the
Waters
(
commonly
,
)
and
maketh
them
lesse
wholesome
.
And
againe
in
Barbary
,
the
Plagues
breake
vp
in
the
Summer-moneths
,
when
the
Weather
is
Hot
and
Dry.
Many
Diseases
,
(
both
Epidemicall
,
and
others
,
)
breake
forth
at
Particular
times
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
an
Enour
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
about
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
Diseases
.
And
the
Cause
is
falsely
imputed
to
the
Constitution
of
the
Aire
,
at
that
time
,
when
they
breake
forth
,
or
raigne
;
whereas
it
proc●edeth
(
indeed
)
from
a
Precedent
Sequence
,
and
Series
of
the
Seasons
of
the
Yeare
:
And
therefore
Hippocrates
,
in
his
Prognosticks
,
doth
make
good
Obseruations
,
of
the
Diseases
,
that
ensue
vpon
the
Nature
,
of
the
Precedent
foure
Seasons
of
the
Yeare
.
Triall
hath
beene
made
,
with
Earthen
Bottles
well
stopped
,
hanged
in
a
Well
of
Twenty
Fathome
deepe
,
at
the
least
;
And
some
of
the
Bettles
haue
beene
let
downe
into
the
Water
,
some
others
haue
hanged
aboue
,
within
about
a
fathome
of
the
Water
;
And
the
Liquours
so
tried
haue
beene
,
Beere
,
(
not
New
,
but
Ready
for
drinking
,
)
and
Wine
,
and
Milke
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
the
A●●●●●●●●●
or
Preseruation
of
Liquours
in
Wells
,
or
deepe
Vaults
.
The
Proofe
hath
beene
,
that
both
the
Beere
,
and
the
Wine
,
(
as
well
within
Water
,
as
aboue
,
)
haue
not
beene
palled
or
deaded
at
all
;
But
as
good
,
or
somewhat
better
,
than
Bottles
of
the
same
Drinks
,
and
Stalenesse
,
kept
in
a
Celler
.
But
those
which
did
hang
aboue
Water
,
were
apparently
the
best
;
And
that
Beere
did
flower
a
little
;
whereas
that
vnder
Water
did
not
,
though
it
were
Fresh
.
The
Milke
sowred
,
and
began
to
Purrifie
.
Neuerthelosse
it
is
true
,
that
there
is
a
Village
neare
Blois
,
where
in
Deepe
Canes
they
doe
thicken
Milke
;
In
such
sort
,
that
it
becommeth
very
pleasant
;
Which
was
some
Cause
of
this
Triall
of
Hanging
Milke
in
the
Well
:
But
our
proofe
was
naught
;
Neither
doe
I
know
,
whether
that
Milke
in
those
Caues
,
be
first
boysed
;
It
were
good
therefore
to
try
it
with
Milke
Sodden
,
and
with
Creame
;
For
that
Milke
of
it selfe
is
such
a
Compound
Body
,
of
Creame
,
Curds
,
and
Whey
,
as
it
is
eas●ly
Turned
,
and
Dissolued
.
It
were
good
also
to
try
the
Beere
,
when
it
is
in
Wort
,
that
it
may
be
seene
,
whether
the
Hanging
in
the
Well
,
will
Accelerate
the
Ripening
and
Clarifying
of
it
.
Diuers
,
we
see
,
doe
Stut
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
Stutting
The
Cause
may
be
,
(
in
most
,
)
the
Refrigeration
of
the
Tongue
;
Whereby
it
is
lesse
apt
to
moue
.
And
therfore
we
see
,
that
Naturalls
doe
generally
Stut
:
And
we
see
that
in
those
that
Stut
,
if
they
drinke
Wine
moderately
,
they
Stut
lesse
,
because
it
heateth
:
And
so
we
see
,
that
they
that
Stut
,
doe
Stut
more
in
the
first
Offer
to
speake
,
than
in
Continuance
;
Because
the
Tongue
is
,
by
Motion
,
somewhat
heated
.
In
some
also
,
it
may
be
,
(
though
rarely
,
)
the
Drinesse
of
the
Tongue
;
which
likewise
maketh
it
lesse
apt
to
moue
,
as
well
as
Cold
;
For
it
is
an
Affect
that
commeth
to
some
Wise
and
Great
Men
;
As
it
did
vnto
Moses
,
who
was
Ling●epr
apedita
;
And
many
Stutters
(
we
finde
)
are
very
Cholericke
Men
;
Choler
Enducing
a
Drinesse
in
the
Tongue
.
Smells
,
and
other
Odours
,
are
Sweeter
in
the
Aire
,
at
some
Distance
,
than
neare
the
Nose
;
As
hath
beene
partly
touched
heretofore
.
Experiments
in
Consort
,
touching
Smells
.
The
Cause
is
double
:
First
the
finer
Mixture
,
or
Incorporation
of
the
Smell
:
For
we
see
that
in
Sounds
likewise
,
they
are
Sweetest
,
when
we
cannot
heare
euery
Part
by
it selfe
.
The
other
Reason
is
,
for
that
all
Sweet
Smells
haue
ioyned
with
them
,
some
Earthy
or
Crude
Odours
;
And
at
some
distance
the
Sweet
,
which
is
the
more
Spirituall
,
is
Perceiued
;
And
the
Earthy
reacheth
not
so
farre
.
Sweet
Smells
are
most
forcible
,
in
Dry
Substances
,
when
they
are
Broken
;
And
so
likewise
in
Orenges
,
or
Limons
,
the
Nipping
of
their
Rinde
,
giueth
out
their
Smell
more
:
And
generally
,
when
Bodies
are
Moued
or
Stirred
,
though
not
Broken
,
they
Smell
more
;
As
a
SweetBagge
waued
.
The
Cause
is
double
:
The
one
,
for
that
there
is
a
Greater
Emission
of
the
Spirit
,
when
Way
is
made
:
And
this
holdeth
in
the
Breaking
,
Nipping
,
or
Crushing
;
It
holdeth
also
,
(
in
some
Degree
)
in
the
Mouing
:
But
in
this
last
,
there
is
a
Con●urrence
of
the
Second
Cause
;
Which
is
the
Impulsion
of
the
Aire
,
that
bringeth
the
Sent
faster
vpon
vs
.
The
daintiest
Smells
of
Flowers
,
are
out
of
those
Plants
,
whose
Leaues
smell
not
;
As
Violets
,
Roses
,
Wall-flowers
,
Gilly-flowers
,
Pinckes
,
Woodbines
,
Vine-flowers
,
Apple-Bloomes
,
Lime-Tree
Bloomes
,
Beane-Bloomes
,
&c.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
where
there
is
Heat
and
strength
enough
in
the
Plant
,
to
make
the
Leaues
Odorate
,
there
the
Smell
of
the
Flower
is
rather
Euanide
and
Weaker
,
than
that
of
the
Leaues
;
As
it
is
in
Rose-Mary-Flowers
,
Lauender-Flowers
,
and
Sweet-Briar-Roses
.
But
where
there
is
lesse
Heat
,
there
the
Spirit
of
the
Plant
,
is
disgested
and
refined
,
and
feuered
from
the
Grosser
Iuyce
,
in
the
Esstorescence
,
and
not
before
.
Most
Odours
Smell
best
,
Broken
or
Crusht
,
as
hath
beene
said
;
But
Flowers
Pressed
or
Beaten
,
doe
leese
the
Freshnesse
and
Sweetnesse
of
their
Odour
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
when
they
are
Crushed
,
the
Grosser
and
more
Earthy
Spirit
commeth
out
with
the
Finer
,
and
troubleth
it
;
Whereas
in
stronger
Odours
there
are
no
such
Degrees
of
the
Issue
of
the
Smell
.
It
is
a
Thing
of
very
good
Vse
,
to
Discouer
the
Goodnesse
of
Waters
,
Experiments
in
Consort
touching
the
Goodnesse
and
Choice
of
Water
.
The
Taste
,
to
those
that
Drinke
Water
onely
,
doth
somewhat
:
But
other
Experiments
are
more
sure
.
First
,
try
Waters
by
Weight
;
Wherein
you
may
finde
some
difference
,
though
not
much
:
And
the
Lighter
you
may
account
the
Better
.
Secondly
,
try
them
by
Boyling
vpon
an
Equall
Fire
:
And
that
which
consumeth
away
fastest
,
you
may
account
the
Best
.
Thirdly
,
try
them
in
Seuerall
Bottles
,
or
Open
Vessels
,
Matches
in
euery
Thing
else
,
and
see
which
of
them
Last
Longest
,
without
Stench
,
or
Corruption
.
And
that
which
holdeth
Vnputrified
longest
,
you
may
likewise
account
the
Best
.
Fourthly
,
try
them
by
Making
Drinkes
Stronger
,
or
Smaller
,
with
the
same
Quantity
of
Mault
;
And
you
may
conclude
,
that
that
Water
,
which
maketh
the
Stronger
Drinke
,
is
the
more
Concocted
,
and
Nou-rishing
;
though
perhaps
it
be
not
so
good
for
Medicinall
vse
.
And
such
Water
(
commonly
)
is
the
Water
of
Large
and
Nanigable
Riuers
:
And
likewise
in
Large
and
Cleane
Ponds
of
Standing
Water
:
For
vpon
both
them
,
the
Sunne
hath
more
power
,
than
vpon
Fountaines
,
or
Small
Riuers
.
And
I
concelue
that
Chalke-water
is
next
them
the
best
,
for
going
furthest
in
Drinke
:
For
that
also
helpeth
Concoction
;
So
it
be
out
of
a
Deepe
Well
;
For
then
it
Cureth
the
Rawnesse
of
the
Water
;
But
Chalkie
Water
,
towards
the
Top
of
the
Earth
,
is
too
fretting
;
As
it
appeareth
in
Laundry
of
Cloaths
,
which
weare
out
apace
,
if
you
vse
such
Waters
.
Fifthly
,
The
Houswiues
doe
finde
a
Difference
in
Waters
,
for
the
Bearing
,
or
Not
Bearing
of
Soape
:
And
it
is
likely
that
the
more
Fat
Water
will
beare
Soape
best
;
For
the
Hungry
Water
doth
kill
the
Vnctuous
Nature
of
the
Soape
.
Sixthly
,
you
may
make
a
Iudgement
of
Waters
,
according
to
the
Place
,
whence
they
Spring
,
or
Come
:
The
Rain-Water
is
,
by
the
Physitians
,
esteemed
the
Finest
,
and
the
best
;
But
yet
it
is
said
to
putrifie
soonest
;
which
is
likely
,
because
of
the
Finenesse
of
the
Spirit
:
And
in
Conseruatories
of
Raine-water
,
(
such
as
they
haue
in
Venice
,
&c.
)
they
are
and
not
so
Choice
waters
;
The
worse
,
(
perhaps
,
)
because
they
are
Couered
aloft
,
and
kept
from
the
Sunne
.
Snow-water
is
held
vnwholesome
;
In
so
much
as
the
People
,
that
dwell
at
the
Foot
of
the
SnowMountaines
,
or
otherwise
vpon
the
Ascent
,
(
especially
the
Women
,
)
by
drinking
of
Snow-water
,
haue
great
Bagges
hanging
vnder
their
Throats
.
Well-water
,
except
it
be
vpon
Chalke
,
or
a
very
plentifull
Spring
,
maketh
Meat
Red
;
which
is
an
ill
Signe
.
Springs
on
the
Tops
of
High-Hills
are
the
best
:
For
both
they
seeme
to
haue
a
Lightnesse
,
and
Appetite
of
Mounting
;
And
besides
they
are
most
pure
and
Vnmingled
;
And
againe
are
more
Percolated
thorow
a
great
Space
of
Earth
.
For
Waters
in
Valleyes
,
ioyne
in
effect
vnder
Ground
with
all
Waters
of
the
same
Leuell
;
Whereas
Springs
,
on
the
Tops
of
Hills
,
passe
thorow
a
great
deale
of
Pure
Earth
,
with
lesse
Mixture
of
other
Waters
.
Seuenthly
,
Iudgement
may
be
made
of
Waters
by
the
Soyle
whereupon
the
Water
runneth
;
As
Pebble
is
the
Cleanest
,
and
best
tasted
;
And
next
to
that
Clay-water
;
And
Thirdly
,
Water
vpon
Chalke
;
Fourthly
that
vpon
Sand
;
And
Worst
of
all
vpon
Mudde
.
Neither
may
you
trust
Waters
that
Taste
Sweet
,
For
they
are
commonly
found
in
Rising
Grounds
of
great
Cities
;
which
must
needs
take
in
a
great
deale
of
Filth
.
In
Peru
,
and
diuers
Parts
of
the
West
Indies
,
though
vnder
the
Line
,
the
Heats
are
not
so
Intolerable
,
as
they
be
in
Barbary
,
and
the
Skirts
of
the
Torrid
Zone
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
the
Temperate
Heat
vnder
the
AEquinoctiall
.
The
Causes
are
,
First
the
Great
Brizes
,
which
the
Motion
of
the
Aire
in
great
Circles
,
(
such
as
are
vnder
the
Girdle
of
the
World
,
)
produceth
;
Which
doe
refrigerate
;
And
therefore
in
those
Parts
Noone
is
nothing
so
hot
,
when
the
Brizes
are
great
,
as
about
Nine
or
Ten
of
the
Clocke
in
the
Fore-Noone
.
Another
Cause
is
,
for
that
the
Length
of
the
Night
,
and
the
Dewes
thereof
,
doe
compense
the
Heat
of
the
Day
.
A
third
Cause
is
the
Stay
of
the
Sunne
;
Not
in
Respect
of
Day
and
Night
,
(
for
that
wee
spake
of
before
,
)
but
in
Respect
of
the
Season
;
For
vnder
the
Line
,
the
Sunne
crosseth
the
Line
,
and
maketh
two
Summers
,
and
two
Winters
;
But
in
the
Skirts
of
the
Torrid
Zone
,
it
doubleth
,
and
goeth
backe
againe
,
and
so
maketh
one
Long
Summer
.
The
Heat
of
the
Sunne
maketh
Men
Blacke
in
some
Countries
,
as
in
AEthiopia
,
and
Ginny
,
&c.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
the
Coloration
of
Blacke
and
Tawney
Moores
.
Fire
doth
it
not
,
as
wee
see
in
GlasseMen
,
that
are
continually
about
the
Fire
.
The
Reason
may
be
,
because
Fire
doth
licke
vp
the
Spirits
,
and
Bloud
of
the
Body
,
so
as
they
Exhale
;
So
that
it
euer
maketh
Men
looke
Pale
,
and
Sallow
;
But
the
Sunne
,
which
is
a
Gentler
Heat
,
doth
but
draw
the
Bloud
to
the
Outward
Parts
;
And
rather
Concooteth
it
,
than
Soaketh
it
;
And
therefore
wee
see
that
all
AEthiapes
are
Fleshy
,
and
Plumpe
,
and
haue
great
Lips
;
All
which
betoken
Moisture
retained
,
and
not
drawne
out
.
Wee
see
also
,
that
the
Negroes
are
bred
in
Countries
that
haue
Plenty
of
Water
,
by
Riuers
,
or
otherwise
:
For
Meroe
,
which
was
the
Metropolis
of
AEthiopia
,
was
vpon
a
great
Lake
:
And
Congo
,
where
the
Negroes
are
,
is
full
of
Riuers
.
And
the
Confines
of
the
Riuer
Niger
,
where
the
Negroes
also
are
,
are
well
watered
:
And
the
Region
about
Capo
Verde
,
is
likewise
Moist
,
in
so
much
as
it
is
pestilent
through
Moisture
:
But
the
Countries
of
the
Abyssenes
,
and
Barbary
,
and
Peru.
where
they
are
Tawney
,
and
Oliuaster
,
and
Pale
,
are
generally
more
Sandy
,
and
Dry.
As
for
the
AEthiopes
,
as
they
are
Plumpe
,
and
Fleshy
;
So
(
it
may
bee
)
they
are
Sanguine
,
and
ruddy
Coloured
,
if
their
blacke
Skinne
would
suffer
it
to
be
seene
.
Some
Creatures
doe
moue
a
good
while
after
their
Head
is
off
;
As
Birds
;
Some
a
very
little
time
;
As
Men
,
and
all
beasts
;
Some
moue
,
though
cut
in
feuerall
Pieces
;
As
Snakes
,
Eeles
,
Wormes
,
Flies
,
&c.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
Motion
after
the
Inflant
of
Death
.
First
therefore
it
is
certaine
,
that
the
Immediate
Cause
of
Death
,
is
the
Resolution
or
Extinguishment
of
the
Spirits
;
And
that
the
Destruction
or
Corruption
of
the
Organs
,
is
but
the
Mediate
Cause
.
But
some
Organs
are
so
peremptorily
necessary
,
that
the
Extinguishment
of
the
Spirits
doth
speedily
follow
;
But
yet
so
,
as
there
is
an
Interim
of
a
Small
Time
.
It
is
reported
by
one
of
the
Ancients
,
of
credit
,
that
a
Sacrificed
Beast
hath
lowed
,
after
the
Heart
hath
beene
feuered
;
And
it
is
a
Report
also
of
Credit
,
that
the
Head
of
a
Pigge
hath
beene
opened
,
and
the
Braine
put
into
the
Palme
of
a
Mans
hand
,
trembling
,
without
breaking
any
part
of
it
,
or
feuering
it
from
the
Marrow
of
the
Back-bone
;
During
which
time
the
Pigge
hath
beene
,
in
all
appearance
,
starke
dead
,
and
without
Motion
;
And
after
a
small
Time
the
Braine
hath
beene
replaced
,
and
the
Skull
of
the
Pigge
closed
,
and
the
Pigge
hath
a
little
after
gone
about
.
And
certaine
it
is
,
that
an
Eye
vpon
Reuenge
hath
beene
thrust
forth
,
so
as
it
hanged
a
pretty
distance
by
the
Visuall
Nerue
;
And
during
that
time
the
Eye
hath
beene
without
any
Power
of
Sight
;
And
yet
after
(
being
replaced
)
recouered
Sight
.
Now
the
Spirits
are
chiefly
in
the
Head
,
and
Cells
of
the
Braine
which
in
Men
,
and
Beasts
are
Large
;
And
therefore
,
when
the
Head
is
off
,
they
moue
little
or
Nothing
.
But
Birds
haue
small
Heads
,
and
therefore
the
Spirits
are
a
little
more
dispersed
in
the
Sinewes
,
whereby
Motion
remaineth
in
them
a
little
longer
;
In
so
much
as
it
is
Extant
in
Story
,
that
an
Emperour
of
Rome
,
to
shew
the
Certainty
of
his
Hand
,
did
Shoote
a
great
Forked
Arrow
at
an
Estrich
,
as
shee
ranne
swiftly
vpon
the
Stage
,
and
strooke
off
her
Head
;
And
yet
shee
continued
the
Race
,
a
little
way
,
with
the
Head
off
.
As
for
Wormes
,
and
Flies
,
and
Eeles
,
the
Spirits
are
diffused
almost
all
ouer
;
And
therefore
they
moue
in
their
Seuerall
Pieces
.
NATVRALL
HISTORIE
.
V.
Century
.
WE
will
now
enquire
of
Plants
or
Vegetables
:
And
we
shall
doe
it
with
diligence
.
Experiments
in
Consort
,
touching
the
Acceleration
of
Germination
.
They
are
the
principall
Part
of
the
Third
Dayes
Worke.
They
are
the
first
Producat
,
which
is
the
Word
of
Animation
:
For
the
other
Words
are
but
the
Words
of
Essence
;
And
they
are
of
excellent
and
generall
Vse
,
for
Food
,
Medicine
,
and
a
Number
of
Mechanicall
Arts.
There
were
sowen
in
a
Bed
,
Turnip-Seed
,
Radish-Seed
,
Wheat
,
Cucumber-Seed
,
and
Pease
.
The
Bed
we
call
a
Hot-Bed
,
and
the
Manner
of
it
is
this
.
There
was
taken
Horse-dung
,
old
,
and
well
rotted
;
This
was
laid
vpon
a
Banke
,
halfe
a
foot
high
,
and
supported
round
about
with
Planks
;
And
vpon
the
Top
was
cast
Sifted
Earth
,
some
two
Fingers
deepe
;
And
then
the
Seed
Sprinkled
vpon
it
,
hauing
beene
steeped
all
night
in
Water
Mixed
with
Cow
dung
.
The
Turnip-Seed
,
and
the
Wheat
came
vp
halfe
an
Inch
aboue
Ground
,
within
two
dayes
after
,
without
any
Watring
.
The
Rest
the
third
day
.
The
Experiment
was
made
in
October
;
And
(
it
may
be
)
in
the
Spring
,
the
Accelerating
would
haue
beene
the
speedier
.
This
is
a
Noble
Experiment
;
For
without
this
helpe
,
they
would
haue
beene
foure
times
as
long
in
comming
vp
.
But
there
doth
not
occurre
to
me
,
at
this
present
,
any
vse
thereof
,
for
profit
;
Except
it
should
be
for
Sowing
of
Pease
;
which
haue
their
Price
very
much
increased
,
by
the
early
Comming
.
It
may
be
tried
also
with
Cherries
,
Strawberries
,
and
other
Fruit
,
which
are
dearest
,
when
they
come
early
.
There
was
Wheat
,
steeped
in
Water
mixed
with
Cow-Dung
;
Other
in
Water
mixed
with
Horse-Dung
;
Other
in
Water
mixed
with
Pigeon-Dung
;
Other
in
Vrine
of
Man
;
Other
in
Water
mixed
with
Chalke
powdred
;
Other
in
Water
mixed
with
Soot
;
Other
in
Water
mixed
with
Ashes
;
Other
in
Water
mixed
with
Bay-Salt
;
Other
in
Claret
Wine
;
Other
in
Malmsey
;
Other
in
Spirìt
of
Wine
.
The
Proportion
of
the
Mixture
was
,
a
fourth
Part
of
the
Ingredients
to
the
Water
;
Saue
that
there
was
not
of
the
Salt
aboue
an
eighth
Part.
The
Vrine
,
and
Wines
,
and
Spirit
of
Wine
,
were
Simple
without
Mixture
of
Water
.
The
Time
of
the
Steeping
was
twelue
houres
.
The
Time
of
the
Yeare
October
.
There
was
also
other
Wheat
sowen
vnsteeped
,
but
watred
twice
a
day
with
Warme
water
.
There
was
also
other
Wheat
sowen
Simple
to
compare
it
with
the
rest
.
The
Euent
was
;
That
those
that
were
in
the
Mixture
of
Dung
,
and
Vrine
,
and
Soot
,
Chalke
,
Ashes
,
and
Salt
,
came
vp
within
fix
dayes
:
And
those
that
afterwards
proued
the
Highest
,
Thickest
,
and
most
Lustie
,
were
;
First
the
Vrine
;
And
then
the
Dungs
,
Next
the
Chalke
;
Next
the
Soot
;
Next
the
Ashes
;
Next
the
Salt
;
Next
the
Wheat
Simple
of
it selfe
,
vnsteeped
,
and
vnwatered
;
Next
the
Watered
twice
a
day
with
warme
water
;
Next
the
Claret
Wine
.
So
that
these
three
last
were
slower
than
the
ordinary
Wheat
of
it selfe
;
And
this
Culture
did
rather
retard
,
than
aduance
.
As
for
those
that
were
steeped
in
Malmsey
,
and
Spirit
of
Wine
,
they
came
not
vp
at
all
.
This
is
a
Rich
Experiment
for
Profit
;
For
the
most
of
the
Steel
pings
are
Cheape
Things
;
And
the
Goodnesse
of
the
Crop
is
a
great
Matter
of
Gaine
;
If
the
Goodnesse
of
the
Crop
answer
the
Earlinesse
of
the
Comming
vp
:
As
it
is
like
it
will
;
Both
being
from
the
vigour
of
the
Seed
;
Which
also
partly
appeared
in
the
Former
Experiments
,
as
hath
beene
said
.
This
Experiment
would
be
tried
in
other
Graines
,
Seeds
,
and
Kernells
:
For
it
may
be
some
Steeping
will
agree
best
with
some
Seeds
.
It
would
be
tried
also
with
Roots
steeped
as
before
,
but
for
longer
time
.
It
would
be
tried
also
in
Seuerall
Seasons
of
the
yeare
,
especially
the
Spring
.
Strawberries
watered
now
and
then
,
(
as
once
in
three
dayes
,
)
with
Water
,
wherein
hath
beene
steeped
Sheepes-dung
,
or
Pigeons-dong
,
will
preuent
and
come
early
.
And
it
is
like
,
the
same
Effect
would
follow
in
other
Berries
,
Herbs
,
Flowers
,
Graines
,
or
Trees
.
And
therefore
it
is
an
Experiment
,
though
vulgar
in
Strawberries
,
yet
not
brought
into
vse
generally
:
For
it
is
vsuall
to
helpe
the
Ground
with
Mucke
;
And
likewise
to
Recomfort
it
sometimes
with
Mucke
put
to
the
Roots
;
But
to
water
it
with
Mucke
water
,
which
is
like
to
be
more
Forcible
,
is
not
practised
.
Dung
,
or
Chalke
,
or
Bloud
,
applied
in
Substance
,
(
seasonably
,
)
to
the
Roots
of
Trees
,
doth
set
them
forwards
.
But
to
doe
it
vnto
Herbs
,
without
Mixture
of
Water
or
Earth
,
it
may
be
these
Helpes
are
too
Hot.
The
former
Meanes
of
Helping
Germination
,
are
either
by
the
Goodnesse
and
Strength
of
the
Nourishment
;
Or
by
the
Comforting
,
and
Exciting
the
Spirits
in
the
Plant
,
to
draw
the
Nourishment
better
.
And
of
this
latter
kinde
,
concerning
the
Comforting
of
the
Spirits
of
the
Plant
,
arealso
the
experiments
that
follow
;
Though
they
be
not
Applications
to
the
Root
,
or
Seed
.
The
Planting
of
Trees
warme
vpon
a
Wall
,
against
the
South
,
or
South-East
Sunne
,
doth
hasten
their
Comming
on
,
and
Ripening
;
And
the
South-East
is
found
to
be
better
than
the
SouthWest
,
though
the
South-West
be
the
Hotter
Coast.
But
the
cause
is
chiefly
,
for
that
the
Heat
of
the
Morning
succeedeth
the
Cold
of
the
Night
:
and
partly
,
because
(
many
times
)
the
South-west
Sunne
is
too
Parching
.
So
likewise
the
Planting
of
them
vpon
the
Backe
of
a
Chimney
,
where
a
Fire
is
kept
,
doth
hasten
their
Comming
on
,
and
Ripening
:
Nay
more
,
the
Drawing
of
the
Boughes
into
the
Inside
of
a
Roome
,
where
a
Fire
is
continually
kept
,
worketh
the
same
Effect
;
Which
hath
beene
tried
with
Grapes
;
In
so
much
as
they
will
come
a
Moneth
earlier
,
than
the
Grapes
abroad
.
Besides
the
two
Meanes
of
Accelerating
Germination
,
formerly
described
;
That
is
to
say
,
the
Mending
of
the
Nourishment
;
and
Comforting
of
the
Spirit
of
the
Plant
;
there
is
a
Third
;
Which
is
the
Making
way
for
the
Easie
Comming
to
the
Nourishment
,
and
Drawing
it
.
And
therefore
Gentle
Digging
and
Loosening
of
the
Earth
about
the
Roots
of
Trees
;
And
the
Remening
Herbs
and
Flowers
into
new
Earth
,
once
in
two
yeares
,
(
which
is
the
same
thing
,
For
the
new
Earth
is
euer
looser
,
)
doth
greatly
further
the
Prospering
,
and
Earlinesse
of
Plants
.
But
the
most
admirable
Acceleration
by
Facilitating
the
Nourishment
,
is
that
of
Water
.
For
a
Standard
of
a
Damaske
Rose
with
the
Root
on
,
was
set
in
a
Chamber
,
where
no
Fire
was
,
vpright
in
an
Earthen
Pan
,
full
of
Faire
Water
,
without
any
Mixture
,
halfe
a
foot
vnder
the
Water
,
the
Standard
being
more
then
two
foot
high
aboue
the
Water
:
Within
the
Space
of
ten
dayes
,
the
Standard
did
put
forth
a
faire
Greene
lease
,
and
some
other
little
Buds
,
which
stood
at
a
stay
,
without
any
Shew
of
decay
or
withering
,
more
then
seuen
Daies
.
But
afterwards
that
Leafe
faded
,
but
the
young
Buds
did
sprout
on
;
which
afterward
opened
into
faire
Leaues
,
in
the
space
of
three
Moneths
;
And
continued
so
a
while
after
,
till
vpon
Remouall
wee
left
the
Triall
.
But
note
that
the
Leaues
were
somewhat
paler
,
and
lighter-coloured
,
than
the
Leaues
vse
to
be
abroad
.
Note
that
the
first
Buds
were
in
the
End
of
October
;
And
it
is
likely
that
if
it
had
beene
in
the
Spring
time
,
it
would
haue
put
forth
with
greater
strength
,
and
(
it
may
be
)
to
haue
growne
on
to
beare
Flowers
.
By
this
Meanes
,
you
may
haue
,
(
as
it
seemeth
,
)
Roses
set
in
the
middest
of
a
Poole
,
being
supported
with
some
stay
;
Which
is
Matter
of
Rarenesse
and
Pleasure
,
though
of
small
Vse
.
This
is
the
more
strange
,
for
that
the
like
Rose-Standard
was
put
,
at
the
same
time
,
into
Water
,
mixed
with
Horse-dung
,
the
Horse-dung
about
the
fourth
Part
to
the
Water
,
and
in
foure
Moneths
space
(
while
it
was
obserued
)
put
not
forth
any
Leafe
,
though
diuers
Buds
at
the
first
,
as
the
other
.
A
Dutch
Flower
,
that
had
a
Bulbous
Root
,
was
likewise
put
,
at
the
same
time
,
all
vnder
Water
,
some
two
or
three
Fingers
deepe
;
And
within
seuen
dayes
sprouted
,
and
continued
long
after
,
further
Growing
.
There
were
also
put
in
,
a
Beet-Root
,
a
Borrage-Root
,
and
a
Raddish-Root
,
which
had
al
their
Leaues
cut
almost
close
to
the
Roots
;
And
within
six
weekes
had
faire
Leaues
;
And
so
continued
,
till
the
end
of
Nouember
.
Note
that
if
Roots
,
or
Pease
,
or
Flowers
,
may
be
Accelerated
in
their
Comming
and
Ripening
,
there
is
a
double
Profit
;
The
one
in
the
high
Price
that
those
Things
beare
when
they
come
early
:
The
other
in
the
Swiftnesse
of
their
Returnes
:
For
in
some
Grounds
which
are
strong
,
you
shall
haue
a
Raddish
,
&c.
come
in
a
Month
;
That
in
other
Grounds
will
not
come
in
two
;
And
so
make
double
Returnes
.
Wheat
also
was
put
into
the
Water
,
and
came
not
forth
at
all
;
So
as
it
seemeth
there
must
be
some
Strength
and
Bulke
in
the
Body
,
put
into
the
Water
,
as
it
is
in
Roots
;
For
Graines
,
or
Seeds
,
the
Cold
of
the
Water
will
mortifie
.
But
casually
some
Wheat
lay
vnder
the
Pan
,
which
was
somewhat
moistned
by
the
Suing
of
the
Pan
;
which
in
six
weekes
(
as
aforesaid
)
looked
mouldy
to
the
Eye
,
but
it
was
sprouted
forth
halfe
a
Fingers
length
.
It
seemeth
by
these
Instances
of
Water
,
that
for
Nourishment
,
the
Water
is
almost
all
in
all
,
and
that
the
Earth
doth
but
keepe
the
Plant
vpright
,
and
saue
it
from
Ouer-heat
,
and
Ouer-cold
;
And
therefore
is
a
Comfortable
Experiment
for
good
Drinkers
.
It
proueth
also
that
our
former
Opinion
;
That
Drinke
incorporate
with
Flesh
,
or
Roots
,
(
as
in
Capon-Baere
,
&c.
)
will
nourish
more
easily
,
than
Meat
and
Drinke
taken
seuerally
.
The
Nousing
of
Plants
(
I
conceiue
)
will
both
Accelerate
Germination
,
and
bring
forth
Flowers
and
Plants
in
the
Colder
Seasons
:
And
as
wee
House
Hot-Countrey
Plants
,
as
Limons
,
Orenges
,
Myrtles
,
to
saue
them
;
So
we
may
House
our
owne
Countrey
Plants
,
to
forward
them
,
and
make
them
come
in
the
Cold
Seasons
;
In
such
sort
,
that
you
may
haue
Violets
,
Strawberries
,
Pease
,
all
Winter
:
So
that
you
sow
,
or
remoue
them
at
fit
times
.
This
Experiment
is
to
be
referred
vnto
the
Comforting
of
the
Spirit
of
the
Plant
,
by
Warmth
,
as
well
as
Housing
their
Boughes
,
&c.
So
then
the
Meanes
,
to
Accelerate
Germination
,
are
in
Particular
eight
,
in
Generall
three
.
To
make
Roses
,
or
other
Flowers
come
late
,
it
is
an
Experiment
of
Pleasure
.
Experiments
in
Consort
,
touching
the
Putting
backe
or
Retardation
of
Germination
.
For
the
Ancients
esteemed
much
of
Rosa
Sera
.
And
indeed
the
Nouember-Rose
is
the
sweetest
,
hauing
beene
lesse
exhaled
by
the
Sunne
.
The
Meanes
are
these
.
First
,
the
Cutting
off
their
Tops
,
immediately
after
they
haue
done
Bearing
;
And
then
they
will
come
againe
the
same
yeare
about
Nouember
:
But
they
will
not
come
iust
on
the
Tops
,
where
they
were
cut
,
but
out
of
those
Shoots
,
which
were
as
it
were
,
)
Water-Boughes
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
the
Sap
,
which
otherwise
would
haue
fed
the
Top
,
(
though
after
Bearing
,
)
will
,
by
the
discharge
of
that
,
diuert
vnto
the
Side-Sprouts
;
And
they
will
come
to
beare
,
but
later
.
The
Second
is
the
Pulling
off
the
Buds
of
the
Rose
,
when
they
are
Newly
knotted
;
For
then
the
Side-Branches
will
beare
.
The
Cause
is
the
same
with
the
former
:
For
Cutting
off
the
Tops
,
and
Pulling
off
the
Buds
,
worke
the
same
Effect
,
in
Retention
of
the
Sap
for
a
time
,
and
Diuersion
of
it
to
the
Sprouts
,
that
were
not
so
forward
.
The
Third
is
the
Cutting
off
some
few
of
the
Top-Roughes
in
the
Spring-time
,
but
suffering
the
lower
Boughes
to
grow
on
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
the
Boughes
doe
helpe
to
draw
vp
the
Sap
more
strongly
;
And
we
see
that
in
Powling
of
Trees
,
many
doe
vse
to
leaue
a
Bough
or
two
on
the
Top
,
to
helpe
to
draw
vp
the
Sap.
And
it
is
coparated
also
,
that
if
you
graft
vpon
the
Bough
of
a
Tree
,
and
cut
off
some
of
the
old
Boughes
,
the
new
Cions
will
perish
.
The
Fourth
is
by
Laying
the
Roots
bare
about
christmus
,
some
dayes
.
The
Cause
is
plaine
,
for
that
it
doth
●●●●●
the
Sap
,
from
going
vpwards
,
for
a
time
;
Which
Arrest
is
after
wards
released
by
the
Couering
of
the
Root
a
gaine
with
Earth
;
And
then
the
Sap
getteth
vp
,
but
later
.
The
Fifth
is
the
Re●●●●●
of
the
Tree
,
some
Moneth
before
it
Buddes
.
The
cause
is
,
for
that
some
time
will
be
required
after
the
Re●●●e
,
for
the
Reselting
;
before
it
can
draw
the
Iuycs
:
And
that
time
being
lost
,
the
Blossome
u●●●
needs
some
forth
later
.
The
Sixth
is
the
Grasting
of
Kaser
in
May
,
which
commonly
Gardiners
doe
not
till
Inly
;
And
then
they
beare
not
till
the
Next
Yeare
;
But
if
you
graft
them
in
May
,
they
will
beare
the
same
yeare
,
but
late
.
The
Seuenth
is
,
the
Girding
of
the
Body
of
the
Tree
about
with
some
Pack-threed
;
For
that
also
,
in
a
degree
,
restraineth
the
Sap
,
and
maketh
it
come
vp
,
more
late
,
and
more
Slowly
.
The
Eighth
in
,
the
Planting
of
them
●●
Shade
,
or
in
a
Hedge
;
The
Cause
is
,
partly
the
Keeping
out
of
the
Sunne
,
which
hasteneth
the
Sap
to
rise
;
And
partly
the
Robbing
of
them
of
Nourishment
,
by
the
S●uffe
in
the
Hedge
.
These
Meanes
may
be
practised
vpon
other
,
both
Trees
,
and
Flowers
,
M
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
Men
haue
entertained
a
Conceit
that
sheweth
prettily
;
Namely
,
that
if
you
grast
a
Late
Comming
Fruit
,
vpon
a
Stocke
of
a
Fruit-tree
that
●●●●●●
early
,
the
Graft
will
beare
Fruit
Early
.
At
a
Peach
vpon
a
Cherry
;
And
contrariwise
,
if
an
Early-Comming
Fruit
vpon
a
Stocke
of
a
Fruit-Tree
that
Commeth
late
,
the
Grafe
will
beare
Fruit
late
;
As
a
Cherry
vpon
a
Peach
.
But
these
are
but
Imaginations
,
and
vntrue
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
the
Cions
ouerroleth
the
Stocke
quite
;
And
the
Stocke
is
but
Passue
onely
,
and
giueth
Aliment
,
but
no
Motion
to
the
Graft
.
We
will
speake
now
,
how
to
make
Fruits
,
Flowers
,
and
Ro●
larger
;
in
more
plenty
;
and
sweeter
;
than
they
vse
to
be
;
And
how
to
make
the
Trees
themselues
,
more
Tall
;
more
Spread
;
and
more
Hasty
and
Sudden
;
than
they
vse
to
be
.
Experiments
in
Consort
touching
the
Melioration
of
Fruits
,
Trees
,
and
Plants
.
Wherein
there
is
no
doubt
,
but
the
former
Experiments
of
Acceleration
,
will
serue
much
to
these
Purposes
.
And
againe
,
that
these
Experiments
,
which
we
shall
now
set
downe
,
doe
serue
also
for
Acceleration
;
because
both
Effects
proceed
from
the
Encrease
of
vigour
in
the
Tree
,
But
yet
to
auoid
Confusion
;
And
because
some
of
the
Meanes
are
more
proper
for
the
one
Effect
,
and
some
for
the
other
,
wee
will
handle
them
apart
.
It
is
an
assured
Experience
,
that
an
Heape
of
flint
,
or
Stone
,
laid
about
the
Bottome
of
a
Wilde-Tree
,
(
as
an
Oake
,
Elme
,
Ash
,
&c.
)
vpon
the
first
Planting
,
doth
make
it
prosper
double
as
much
,
as
without
it
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
it
retaineth
the
Moisture
,
which
falleth
at
any
time
vpon
the
Tree
,
and
suffereth
it
not
to
be
exhaled
by
the
Sunne
.
Againe
,
it
keepeth
the
Tree
warme
,
from
Cold
Blasts
and
Frosts
,
as
it
were
in
an
House
.
It
may
be
also
,
there
is
somewhat
in
the
Keeping
of
it
steady
at
the
first
.
Quare
,
if
Laying
of
Straw
some
Height
about
the
Body
of
a
Tree
,
will
not
make
the
Tree
forwards
.
For
though
the
Root
giueth
the
Sap
,
yet
it
is
the
Body
that
draweth
it
.
But
you
must
note
,
that
if
you
lay
Stones
about
the
stalke
of
Lettuce
,
or
other
Plants
,
that
are
more
soft
,
it
will
ouer-moisten
the
Roots
,
so
as
the
Wormes
will
eat
them
.
A
Tree
,
at
the
first
Setting
,
should
not
be
Shaken
,
vntill
it
hath
taken
Root
fully
:
And
therefore
some
haue
,
put
two
little
Forkes
about
the
Bottome
of
their
Trees
,
to
keepe
them
vpright
;
But
after
a
yeares
Rooting
,
then
Shaking
doth
the
Tree
good
,
by
Loosening
of
the
Earth
,
and
(
perhaps
)
by
Exercising
(
as
it
were
)
and
Stirring
the
Sap
of
the
Tree
.
Generally
,
the
Cutting
away
of
Boughes
and
Suckers
at
the
Root
and
Body
,
doth
make
Trees
grow
high
;
And
contrariwise
,
the
Powling
and
Cutting
of
the
Top
,
maketh
them
grow
spread
,
and
bushy
.
As
wee
see
in
Pollards
,
&c.
It
is
reported
,
that
to
make
hasty
Growing
Coppice-Woods
,
the
way
is
,
to
take
Willow
,
Sallow
,
Poplar
,
Alder
,
of
some
seuen
yeares
growth
;
And
to
set
them
,
not
vpright
,
but
a-slope
,
a
reasonable
depth
vnder
the
Ground
;
And
then
,
instead
of
one
Root
,
they
will
put
forth
many
,
and
so
carry
more
Shoots
vpon
a
Stemme
.
When
you
would
haue
many
new
Roots
of
Fruit-trees
,
take
a
Low
Tree
,
and
bow
it
,
and
lay
all
his
Branches
a-flat
vpon
the
Ground
,
and
cast
Earth
vpon
them
;
And
euery
Twigge
will
take
Root
.
And
this
is
a
very
profitable
Experiment
for
Costly
Trees
;
(
for
the
Boughtes
will
make
Stockes
without
charge
;
)
Such
as
are
Apricots
,
Peaches
,
Almonds
,
Cornelians
,
Mulberries
,
Figs
,
&c.
The
like
is
continually
practised
with
Vines
,
Roses
,
Muske-Roses
,
&c.
From
May
to
Iuly
you
may
take
off
the
Barke
of
any
Bough
,
being
of
the
Bignesse
of
three
or
foure
Inches
,
and
couer
the
bare
Place
,
somewhat
aboue
,
and
below
,
with
Loame
well
tempered
with
Horse-dung
,
binding
it
fast
downe
.
Then
cut
off
the
Bough
about
Alhollontide
in
the
bare
place
,
and
set
it
in
the
Ground
;
And
it
will
grow
to
be
a
faire
Tree
in
one
Yeare
.
The
Cause
may
be
,
for
that
the
Baring
from
the
Barke
keepeth
the
Sap
from
descending
towards
Winter
,
and
so
holdeth
it
in
the
Bough
;
And
it
may
be
also
that
the
Loame
and
Horse-Dung
applied
to
the
bare
place
,
doe
moisten
it
,
and
cherish
it
,
and
make
it
more
apt
to
put
forth
the
Root
.
Note
,
that
this
may
be
a
generall
Meanes
for
keeping
vp
the
Sap
of
Trees
in
their
Boughes
;
Which
may
serue
to
other
Effects
.
It
hath
beene
practised
in
Trees
,
that
shew
faire
,
and
beare
not
,
to
Bore
a
Hole
thorow
the
Heart
of
the
Tree
,
and
thereupon
it
will
beare
.
Which
may
be
for
that
the
Tree
before
had
too
much
Repletion
,
and
was
oppressed
with
his
owne
Sap
;
For
Repletion
is
an
Enemy
to
Generation
.
It
hath
beene
practised
in
Trees
,
that
doe
not
beare
,
to
cleaue
two
or
three
of
the
Chiese
Roots
,
and
to
put
into
the
Cleft
a
small
Pebble
,
which
may
keepe
it
open
,
and
then
it
will
beare
.
The
Cause
may
be
,
for
that
a
Root
of
a
Tree
may
be
(
as
it
were
,
)
Hide-bound
,
no
lesse
than
the
Body
of
the
Tree
;
But
it
will
not
keepe
open
without
somewhat
put
into
it
.
It
is
vsually
practised
,
to
set
Trees
that
require
much
Sunne
,
vpon
Walls
against
the
South
;
As
Apricots
,
Peaches
,
Plums
,
Vines
,
Figs
,
and
the
like
.
It
hath
a
double
Commodity
;
The
one
,
the
Heat
of
the
Wall
by
Reflexion
;
The
other
,
the
Taking
away
of
the
Shade
;
For
when
a
Tree
groweth
round
,
the
vpper
Boughes
ouer-shadow
the
lower
;
But
when
it
is
spread
vpon
a
Wall
,
the
Sunne
commeth
alike
,
vpon
the
vpper
,
and
lower
Branches
.
It
hath
also
beene
practised
(
by
some
)
to
pull
off
some
Leanes
from
the
Trees
so
spread
,
that
the
Sunne
may
come
vpon
the
Bough
and
Fruit
the
better
.
There
hath
beene
practised
also
a
Curiosity
,
to
set
a
Tree
vpon
the
North-Side
of
a
Wall
,
and
at
a
little
height
,
to
draw
him
thorow
the
Wall
,
and
spread
him
vpon
the
South-Side
:
Conceiuing
that
the
Root
and
lower
Part
of
the
Stocke
should
enioy
the
Freshnesse
of
the
Shade
;
And
the
Vpper
Boughes
,
and
Fruit
,
the
Comsort
of
the
Sunne
.
But
it
sorted
not
;
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
the
Root
requireth
some
Comsort
from
the
Sunne
,
though
vnder
Earth
,
as
well
as
the
Body
:
And
the
Lower
Part
of
the
Body
more
than
the
Vpper
,
as
wee
see
in
Compassing
a
Tree
below
with
Straw
.
The
Lownesse
of
the
Bough
,
where
the
Fruit
commeth
,
maketh
the
Fruit
greater
,
and
to
ripen
better
;
For
you
shall
euer
see
in
Apricots
,
Peaches
,
or
Melo-Cotones
,
vpon
a
wall
,
the
greatest
Fruits
towards
the
Bottome
.
And
in
France
the
Grapes
that
make
the
Wine
,
grow
vpon
low
Vines
,
bound
to
small
Stakes
.
And
the
raised
Vines
in
Arbours
make
but
Veriuyce
.
It
is
true
,
that
in
Italy
,
and
other
Countries
,
where
they
haue
hotter
Sunne
,
they
raise
them
vpon
Elmes
,
and
Trees
;
But
I
conceiue
,
that
if
the
French
Manner
of
Planting
low
,
were
brought
in
vse
there
,
their
Wines
would
be
stronger
and
sweeter
.
But
it
is
more
chargeable
in
respect
of
the
Props
.
It
were
good
to
try
whether
a
Tree
grafted
somewhat
neare
the
Ground
,
and
the
lower
boughes
onely
maintained
,
and
the
higher
continually
proined
off
,
would
not
make
a
larger
Fruit.
To
haue
Fruit
in
Greater
Plenty
,
the
way
is
,
to
graft
,
not
onely
vpon
young
Stockes
,
but
vpon
diuers
Boughes
of
an
old
Tree
;
for
they
will
beare
great
Numbers
of
Fruit
;
Whereas
if
you
graft
but
vpon
one
Stocke
,
the
Tree
can
beare
but
few
.
The
Digging
yearely
about
the
Roots
of
Trees
,
which
is
a
great
means
,
both
to
the
Acceleration
and
Melioration
of
Fruits
,
is
practised
in
nothing
but
in
Vines
;
Which
if
it
were
transferred
vnto
other
Trees
,
and
Shrubs
,
(
as
Roses
,
&c.
)
I
conceiue
would
aduance
them
likewise
.
It
hath
beene
knowne
,
that
a
Fruit-Tree
hath
beene
blowne
vp
(
almost
)
by
the
Roots
,
and
set
vp
againe
,
and
the
next
yeare
bare
exceedingly
.
The
Cause
of
this
,
was
nothing
but
the
Looseming
of
the
Earth
,
which
comforteth
any
Tree
,
and
is
fit
to
be
practised
,
more
than
it
is
,
in
Fruit-Trees
:
For
Trees
cannot
be
so
fitly
remoued
into
New
Grounds
,
as
Flowers
and
Herbs
may
.
To
reuiue
an
Old
Tree
,
the
Digging
of
it
about
the
Roots
,
and
Applying
new
Mould
to
the
Roots
,
is
the
way
.
We
see
also
that
Draught-Oxen
,
put
into
fresh
Pasture
,
gather
new
and
tender
Flesh
;
And
in
all
Things
,
better
Nourishment
than
hath
beene
vsed
,
doth
helpe
to
renew
;
Especially
,
if
it
be
not
onely
better
,
but
changed
,
and
differing
from
the
former
.
If
an
Herbe
be
cut
off
from
the
Roots
,
in
the
beginning
of
Winter
,
and
then
the
Earth
be
troden
and
beaten
downe
hard
,
with
the
Foot
and
Spade
,
the
Roots
will
become
of
very
great
Magnitude
in
Summer
.
The
Reason
is
,
for
that
the
Moisture
being
forbidden
to
come
vp
in
the
Plant
,
stayeth
longer
in
the
Root
,
and
so
dilateth
it
.
And
Gardiners
vse
to
tread
downe
any
loose
Ground
,
after
they
haue
sowne
Onions
,
or
Turnips
,
&c.
If
Panicum
be
laid
below
,
and
about
the
Bottome
of
a
Root
,
it
will
cause
the
Root
to
grow
to
an
Excessiue
Bignesse
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
being
it selfe
of
a
Spungy
Substance
,
it
draweth
the
Moisture
of
the
Earth
to
it
,
and
so
feedeth
the
Root
.
This
is
of
greatest
vse
for
Onions
,
Turnips
,
Parsnips
,
and
Carrets
.
The
Shifting
of
Ground
is
a
Meanes
to
better
the
Tree
,
and
Fruit
;
But
with
this
Caution
;
That
all
Things
doe
prosper
best
,
when
they
are
aduanced
to
the
better
:
Your
Nursery
of
Stockes
ought
to
be
in
a
more
Barren
Ground
,
than
the
Ground
is
whereunto
you
remoue
them
.
So
all
Grasiers
preferre
their
Cattell
from
meaner
Pastures
to
better
.
We
see
also
,
that
Hardnesse
in
Youth
lengthneth
Life
,
because
it
leaueth
a
Cherishing
to
the
better
,
of
the
Body
,
in
Age
:
Nay
in
Exercises
,
it
is
good
to
begin
with
the
hardest
,
as
Dancing
in
Thicke
Shooes
,
&c.
It
hath
beene
obserued
,
that
Hacking
of
Trees
in
their
Barke
,
both
downe-right
,
and
acrosse
,
so
as
you
make
them
rather
in
slices
,
than
in
continued
Hacks
,
doth
great
good
to
Trees
;
And
especially
deliuereth
them
from
being
Hide-bound
,
and
killeth
their
Mosse
.
Shade
to
some
Plants
conduceth
to
make
them
large
,
and
prosperous
,
more
than
Sun
;
As
in
Strawberries
,
and
Bayes
,
&c.
Therefore
amongst
Strawberries
,
sow
here
and
there
some
Barrage-Seed
;
And
you
shall
finde
the
Strawberries
vnder
those
Leaues
farro
more
large
than
their
Fellowes
.
And
Bayes
you
must
plant
to
the
North
;
Or
defond
them
from
the
Sunne
by
a
Hedge-Row
;
And
when
you
sow
the
Berries
,
weed
not
the
Borders
,
for
the
first
halfe
yeare
;
For
the
Weed
giueth
them
Shade
.
To
increase
the
Crops
of
Ph●●●
,
there
would
be
considered
,
not
only
the
Increasing
the
Lust
of
the
Earth
,
or
of
the
Plant
,
but
the
Sauing
also
of
that
which
is
spilt
.
So
they
haue
lately
made
a
Triall
,
to
Set
Wheat
;
which
neuerthelesse
hath
beene
left
off
,
because
of
the
trouble
and
paines
;
Yet
so
much
is
true
,
that
there
is
much
saued
by
the
Setting
,
in
comparison
of
that
which
is
Sewen
;
Both
by
keeping
it
from
being
picked
vp
by
Birds
;
And
by
Auoiding
the
Shallow
lying
of
it
,
whereby
much
that
is
sowen
taketh
no
Root
.
It
is
prescribed
by
some
of
the
Ancients
,
that
you
take
Small
Trees
,
vpon
which
Figs
or
other
Fruit
grow
,
being
yet
vnripe
,
and
couer
the
Trees
in
the
Middle
of
Autamne
with
dung
,
vntill
the
Spring
;
And
then
take
them
vp
in
a
warme
day
,
and
replant
them
in
good
Ground
;
And
by
that
meanes
,
the
former
yeares
Tree
will
be
ripe
,
as
by
a
new
Birth
;
when
other
Trees
of
the
fame
kinde
,
doe
but
blossome
.
But
this
seemeth
to
haue
no
great
Probabilitie
.
It
is
reported
,
that
if
you
take
Nitre
,
and
mingle
it
with
Water
,
to
the
thicknesse
of
Honey
,
and
therewith
anoint
the
Bud
,
after
the
Vine
is
cut
,
it
will
sprout
forth
within
eight
dayes
.
The
Cause
is
like
to
be
,
(
if
the
Experiment
be
true
,
)
the
Opening
of
the
Bud
,
and
of
the
Parts
Contiguous
,
by
the
Spirit
of
the
Nitre
;
For
Nitre
is
(
as
it
were
)
the
Life
of
Vegetables
.
Take
Seed
,
or
Kernells
of
Apples
,
Peares
,
Orenges
;
Or
a
Peach
,
or
a
Plum
Stone
,
&c.
And
put
them
into
a
Squill
,
(
which
is
like
a
great
Onion
,
)
and
they
will
come
vp
much
earlier
than
in
the
Earth
it selfe
.
This
I
conceiue
no
be
as
a
Kinde
of
Grafting
in
the
Root
;
For
as
the
Stocke
of
a
Graft
yeeldeth
better
prepared
Nourishment
to
the
Graft
,
than
the
Crude
Earth
;
So
the
Squill
doth
the
like
to
the
Seed
.
And
I
suppose
the
same
would
be
done
,
by
Putting
Kernells
into
a
Turnip
,
or
the
like
;
Saue
that
the
Squill
is
more
Vigorous
,
and
Hot.
It
may
be
tried
also
,
with
putting
Onion-Seed
into
an
Onion-Head
,
which
thereby
(
perhaps
)
will
bring
forth
a
larger
,
and
earlier
Onion
.
The
Pricking
of
a
Fruit
in
seuerall
places
,
when
it
is
almost
at
his
Bignesse
,
and
before
it
ripeneth
,
hath
beene
practised
with
successe
,
to
ripen
the
Fruit
more
suddenly
.
Wee
see
the
Example
of
the
Biting
of
Waspes
,
or
Wormes
,
vpon
Fruit
,
whereby
it
(
manifestly
)
ripeneth
the
sooner
.
It
is
reported
,
that
Alga
Marina
(
Sea-weed
)
put
vnder
the
Roots
of
Coleworts
,
and
(
perhaps
)
of
other
Plants
,
will
further
their
Growth
.
The
vertue
(
no
doubt
)
hath
Relation
to
Salt
,
which
is
a
great
Helpe
to
Fertilitie
.
It
hath
beene
practised
,
to
cut
off
the
Stalkes
of
Cucumbers
,
immediately
after
their
Bearing
,
close
by
the
Earth
;
And
then
to
cast
a
prettie
Quantitie
of
Earth
vpon
the
Plant
that
remaineth
;
and
they
will
beare
the
next
yeare
Fruit
,
long
before
the
ordinary
time
.
The
Cause
may
be
,
for
that
the
Sap
goeth
downe
the
sooner
,
and
is
not
spent
in
the
Stalke
or
Lease
,
which
remaineth
after
the
Fruit.
Where
note
,
that
the
Dying
,
in
the
winter
,
of
the
Roots
of
Plants
,
that
are
Annuall
,
seemeth
to
be
partly
caused
by
the
Ouer-Expence
of
the
Sap
into
Stalke
,
and
Leaues
;
which
being
preuented
,
they
will
super-annate
,
if
they
stand
warme
.
The
Pulling
off
many
of
the
Blossomes
from
a
Fruit-Tree
,
doth
make
the
Fruit
fairer
.
The
Cause
is
manifest
;
For
that
the
Sap
hath
the
lesse
to
nourish
.
And
it
is
a
Common
Experience
,
that
if
you
doe
not
pull
off
some
Blossomes
,
the
first
time
a
Tree
bloometh
,
it
will
blossome
it selfe
to
death
.
It
were
good
to
trie
,
what
would
be
the
Effect
,
if
all
the
Blossomes
were
pulled
from
a
Fruit-Tree
;
Or
the
Acornes
and
Chesnut-buds
,
&c.
from
a
Wilde
Tree
,
for
two
yeares
together
.
I
suppose
that
the
Tree
will
either
put
forth
,
the
third
yeare
,
bigger
,
and
more
plentifull
Fruit
;
Or
else
,
the
same
yeares
,
larger
Leaues
,
because
of
the
Sap
stored
vp
.
It
hath
beene
generally
receiued
,
that
a
Plant
Watered
with
Warme
Water
,
will
come
vp
sooner
and
better
,
than
with
Cold
Water
,
or
with
Showers
.
But
our
Experiment
of
Watering
Wheat
with
Warme
Water
(
as
hath
beene
said
)
succeeded
not
;
which
may
be
,
because
the
Triall
was
too
late
in
the
Yeare
,
vix
.
in
the
End
of
October
.
For
the
Cold
then
comming
vpon
the
Seed
,
after
it
was
made
more
tender
by
the
Warme
Water
,
might
checke
it
.
There
is
no
doubt
,
but
that
Grafting
(
for
the
most
Part
)
doth
meliorate
the
Fruit.
The
Cause
is
manifest
;
For
that
the
Nourishment
is
better
prepared
in
the
Stocke
,
than
in
the
Crude
Earth
:
But
yet
note
well
,
that
there
be
some
Trees
,
that
are
said
to
come
vp
more
happily
from
the
Kernell
,
than
from
the
Graft
;
As
the
Peach
,
and
Melocotone
.
The
Cause
I
suppose
to
he
,
for
that
those
Plants
require
a
Nourishment
of
great
Moisture
;
And
though
the
Nourishment
of
the
Stocke
be
finer
,
and
better
prepared
,
yet
it
is
not
so
moist
,
and
plentifull
,
as
the
Nourishment
of
the
Earth
.
And
indeed
we
see
those
Fruits
are
very
Cold
Fruits
in
their
Nature
.
It
hath
beene
receiued
,
that
a
Smaller
Peare
,
grafted
vpon
a
Stocke
that
beareth
a
greater
Peare
,
will
become
Great
.
But
I
thinke
it
is
as
true
,
as
that
of
the
Prime-Fruit
vpon
the
Late
Stocke
;
And
è
conuerso
;
which
we
reiected
before
:
For
the
Cions
will
gouerne
.
Neuerthelesse
it
is
probable
enough
,
that
if
you
can
get
a
Cions
to
grow
vpon
a
Stocke
of
another
kinde
,
that
is
much
moister
than
his
owne
Stocke
,
it
may
make
the
Fruit
Greater
,
because
it
will
yeeld
more
plentifull
nourishment
;
Though
it
is
like
it
will
make
the
Fruit
Baser
.
But
generally
,
the
Grafting
is
vpon
a
dryer
Stock
;
As
the
Apple
vpon
a
Crab
;
The
Peare
vpon
a
Thorne
;
&c.
Yet
it
is
reported
,
that
in
the
Low-Conntries
they
will
graft
an
Apple-Cions
vpon
the
Stocke
of
a
Colewort
,
and
it
will
beare
a
great
flaggy
Apple
:
The
Kernell
of
which
,
if
it
be
set
,
will
be
a
Colewort
,
and
not
an
Apple
.
It
were
good
to
try
,
whether
an
Apple-Cions
will
prosper
,
if
it
be
grafted
vpon
a
Sallow
,
or
vpon
a
Poplar
,
or
vpon
an
Alder
,
or
vpon
an
Elme
,
or
vpon
an
Horse-Plumme
,
which
are
the
moistest
of
Trees
.
I
haue
heard
that
it
hath
beene
tryed
vpon
an
Elme
,
and
succeeded
.
It
is
manifest
by
Experience
,
that
Flowers
Remoued
wax
greater
,
because
the
Nourishment
is
more
easily
come
by
,
in
the
loose
Earth
.
It
may
be
,
that
Oft
Regrafting
of
the
same
Cions
,
may
likewise
make
Fruit
greater
;
As
if
you
take
a
Cions
,
and
graft
it
vpon
a
Stocke
the
first
yeare
;
And
then
cut
it
off
,
and
graft
it
vpon
another
Stocke
the
second
yeare
;
and
so
for
a
third
;
Or
fourth
yeare
;
And
then
let
it
rest
,
it
will
yeeld
afterward
,
when
it
beareth
,
the
greater
Fruit.
Of
Grafting
there
are
many
Experiments
worth
the
Noting
,
but
those
we
reserue
to
a
proper
Place
.
It
maketh
Figs
better
,
if
a
Fig-Tree
,
when
it
beginneth
to
put
forth
Leaues
,
haue
his
Top
cut
off
.
The
Cause
is
plaine
,
for
that
the
Sap
hath
the
lesse
to
seed
,
and
the
lesse
way
to
mount
:
But
it
may
be
,
the
Figge
will
come
somewhat
later
,
as
was
formerly
touched
.
The
same
may
be
tried
likewise
in
other
Trees
.
It
is
reported
,
that
Mulberries
will
be
fairer
,
and
the
Trees
more
fruitfull
,
if
you
bore
the
Truncke
of
the
Tree
thorow
,
in
seuerall
places
,
and
thrust
into
the
Places
bored
,
Wedges
of
some
Hot
Trees
,
as
Turpentine
,
Mastick-Tree
,
Guaiacum
,
Inniper
,
&c.
The
Cause
may
be
,
for
that
Aduentiue
Heat
doth
cheare
vp
the
Natiue
Iuyce
of
the
Tree
.
It
is
reported
,
that
Trees
will
grow
greater
,
and
beare
better
Fruit
,
if
you
put
Salt
,
or
Lees
of
Wine
,
or
Bloud
to
the
Root
.
The
Cause
may
be
the
Encreasing
the
Lust
or
Spirit
of
the
Root
;
These
Things
being
more
forcible
,
than
ordinary
Composts
.
It
is
reported
by
one
of
the
Ancients
,
that
Artichoakes
will
be
lesse
prickly
,
and
more
tender
;
if
the
Seeds
haue
their
Tops
dulled
,
or
grated
off
vpon
a
Stone
.
Herbes
will
be
tenderer
,
and
fairer
;
if
you
take
them
out
of
Beds
,
when
they
are
newly
come
vp
,
and
remoue
them
into
Pots
,
with
better
Earth
.
The
Remoue
from
Bed
to
Bed
was
spoken
of
before
;
But
that
was
in
seuerall
yeares
;
This
is
vpon
the
sudden
.
The
Cause
is
the
same
with
other
Remoues
,
formerly
mentioned
.
Coleworts
are
reported
by
one
of
the
Ancients
,
to
prosper
exceedingly
,
and
to
be
better
tasted
,
if
they
be
sometimes
watred
with
Salt-Water
;
And
much
more
with
Water
mixed
with
Nitre
;
The
Spirit
of
which
is
lesse
Adurent
than
Salt
.
It
is
reported
,
that
Cucumbers
will
proue
more
Tender
,
and
Dainty
,
if
their
Seeds
be
Steeped
(
a
little
)
in
Milke
;
The
Cause
may
be
,
for
that
the
Seed
being
mollified
with
the
Milke
,
will
be
too
weake
to
draw
the
grosser
Iuyce
of
the
Earth
,
but
onely
the
finer
.
The
same
Experiment
may
be
made
in
Artichoakes
,
and
other
Seeds
,
when
you
would
take
away
,
either
their
Flashinesse
,
or
Bitternesse
.
They
speake
also
,
that
the
like
Effect
followeth
,
of
Steeping
in
Water
mixed
with
Honey
;
But
that
seemeth
to
me
not
so
probable
,
because
Honey
hath
too
quicke
a
Spirit
.
It
is
reported
that
Cucumbers
will
be
lesse
Watry
,
and
more
Melonlike
,
it
in
the
Pit
where
you
set
them
,
you
fill
it
(
halfe
way
vp
)
with
Chaffe
,
or
small
Stickes
,
and
then
powre
Earth
vpon
them
;
For
Cucumbers
,
as
it
seemeth
,
doe
extremely
affect
Moisture
;
And
ouer-drinke
themselues
;
Which
this
Chaffe
,
or
Chips
,
forbiddeth
.
Nay
it
is
further
reported
,
that
if
when
a
Cucumber
is
growne
,
you
fet
a
Pot
of
water
about
fiue
or
six
inches
distance
from
it
,
it
will
,
in
24
,
houres
,
shoot
so
much
out
,
as
to
touch
the
Pot
;
Which
if
it
be
true
,
it
is
an
Experiment
of
an
higher
Nature
than
belongeth
to
this
Title
:
For
it
discouereth
Perception
in
Plants
,
to
moue
towards
that
which
should
helpe
and
comfort
them
,
though
it
be
at
a
distance
.
The
ancient
Tradition
of
the
Vine
is
far
more
strange
:
It
is
,
that
if
you
set
a
Stake
,
or
Prop
,
some
distance
from
it
,
it
will
grow
that
way
;
Which
is
farre
stranger
(
as
is
said
)
than
the
other
;
For
that
Water
may
worke
by
a
Sympathy
of
Attraction
:
But
this
of
the
Stake
seemeth
to
be
a
Reasonable
Discourse
.
It
hath
beene
touched
before
,
that
Terebration
of
Trees
doth
make
them
prosper
better
.
But
it
is
found
also
,
that
it
maketh
the
Fruit
sweeter
,
and
better
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
notwithstanding
the
Terebration
,
they
may
receiue
Aliment
sufficient
;
And
yet
no
more
than
they
can
well
turne
,
and
disgest
;
And
withall
doe
sweat
out
the
coursest
and
vnprofitablest
Iuyce
;
Euen
as
it
is
in
Lining
Creatures
,
which
by
Moderate
Feeding
,
and
Exercise
,
and
Sweat
,
attaine
the
soundest
Habite
of
Body
.
As
Terebration
doth
Meliorate
Fruit
,
so
,
vpon
the
like
reason
,
doth
Letting
of
Plants
Blond
;
As
Pricking
Vines
,
or
other
Trees
,
after
they
be
of
some
Growth
;
And
thereby
letting
forth
Gumme
,
or
Teares
;
Though
this
be
not
to
continue
,
as
it
is
in
Terebration
,
but
at
some
Seasons
.
And
it
is
reported
,
that
by
this
Artifice
,
Bitter
Almonds
haue
beene
turned
into
Sweet
.
The
Ancients
for
the
Dulcorating
of
Fruit
,
doe
commend
Swines-Dung
aboue
all
other
Dung
;
Which
may
be
,
because
of
the
Moisture
of
that
Beast
,
whereby
the
Excrement
hath
lesse
Acrimony
;
For
wee
see
Swines
and
Pigges
Flesh
is
the
Moistest
of
Fleshes
.
It
is
obserued
by
some
,
that
all
Herbs
wax
sweeter
,
both
in
Smell
and
Taste
,
if
after
they
be
growne
vp
some
reasonable
time
,
they
be
cut
,
and
so
you
take
the
latter
Sprout
.
The
Cause
may
be
,
for
that
the
longer
the
Iuyce
stayeth
in
the
Root
,
and
Stalke
,
the
better
it
concocteth
.
For
one
of
the
Chiefe
Causes
,
why
Graines
,
Seeds
,
and
Fruits
,
are
more
Nourishing
than
Leanes
,
is
the
Length
of
time
,
in
which
they
grow
to
Maturation
.
It
were
not
amisse
to
keepe
backe
the
Sap
of
Herbs
,
or
the
like
,
by
some
fit
meanes
,
till
the
end
of
Summer
;
whereby
(
it
may
be
)
they
will
be
more
Nourishing
.
As
Grafting
doth
generally
aduance
and
Meliorate
Fruits
,
aboue
that
which
they
would
be
,
if
they
were
set
of
Kernells
,
or
Stones
,
in
regard
the
Nourishment
is
better
concocted
;
So
(
no
doubt
)
euen
in
Grafting
,
for
the
same
cause
,
the
Choise
of
the
Stocke
doth
much
;
Alwayes
prouided
,
that
it
be
somewhat
inferiour
to
the
Cions
:
For
otherwise
it
dulleth
it
.
They
commend
much
the
Grafting
of
Peares
,
or
Apples
,
vpon
a
Quince
.
Besides
the
Meanes
of
Melioration
of
Fruits
,
before
mentioned
,
it
is
set
downe
as
tryed
,
that
a
Mixture
of
Bran
,
and
Swines-Dung
;
Or
Chaffe
and
Swines-Dung
;
(
especially
laid
vp
together
for
a
Moneth
to
rot
,
)
is
a
very
great
Nourisher
,
and
Comforter
to
a
Fruit-Tree
.
It
is
deliuered
,
that
Onions
wax
greater
,
if
they
be
taken
out
of
the
Earth
,
and
laid
a
drying
twenty
dayes
,
and
then
set
againe
;
And
yet
more
,
if
the
outermost
Pill
be
taken
off
all
ouer
.
It
is
deliuered
by
some
,
that
if
one
take
the
Bough
of
a
Low
Fruit-tree
,
newly
budded
,
and
draw
it
gently
,
without
hurting
it
,
into
an
Earthen
Pot
perforate
at
the
bottome
to
let
in
the
Plant
,
and
then
Couer
the
Pot
with
Earth
,
it
will
yeeld
a
very
large
Fruit
,
within
the
Ground
.
Which
Experiment
is
Nothing
but
Potting
of
Plants
,
without
Remouing
,
and
Leauing
the
Fruit
in
the
Earth
.
The
like
,
(
they
say
,
)
will
be
effected
,
by
an
Empty
Pot
without
Earth
in
it
,
put
ouer
a
Fruit
,
being
propped
vp
with
a
Stake
,
as
it
hangeth
vpon
the
Tree
;
And
the
better
,
if
some
few
Pertusions
be
made
in
the
Pot.
Wherein
,
besides
the
Defending
of
the
Fruit
,
from
Extremity
of
Sunne
or
Weather
,
some
giue
a
reason
,
that
the
Fruit
,
Louing
and
Coueting
the
open
Aire
and
Sunne
,
is
inuited
by
those
Pertusions
,
to
spread
and
approch
,
as
neare
the
open
Aire
,
as
it
can
;
And
so
enlargeth
in
Magnitude
.
All
Trees
,
in
High
and
Sandy
Grounds
,
are
to
be
set
deepe
;
And
in
Watry
Grounds
,
more
shallow
.
And
in
all
Trees
,
when
they
be
remoued
(
especially
Fruit-Trees
)
care
ought
to
be
taken
,
that
the
Sides
of
the
Trees
be
coasted
,
(
North
and
South
,
&c.
)
as
they
stood
before
.
The
same
is
said
also
of
Stone
out
of
the
Quarry
,
to
make
it
more
durable
;
Though
that
seemeth
to
haue
lesse
reason
;
Because
the
Stone
lyeth
not
so
neare
the
Sunne
,
as
the
Tree
groweth
.
Timber
Trees
in
a
Coppice
Wood
,
doe
grow
better
,
than
in
an
Open
Field
;
Both
because
,
they
offer
not
to
spread
so
much
,
but
shoot
vp
still
in
Height
;
And
chiefly
because
they
are
defended
from
too
much
Sun
and
Wind
,
which
doe
checke
the
Growth
of
all
Fruit
;
And
so
(
no
doubt
)
Fruit-Trees
,
or
Vines
,
set
vpon
a
Wall
,
against
the
Sunne
,
betweene
Elbowes
or
Buttresses
of
Stone
,
ripen
more
,
than
vpon
a
Plaine
Wall
.
It
is
said
,
that
if
Potado
Roots
,
be
set
in
a
Pot
filled
with
Earth
,
and
then
the
Pot
with
Earth
be
set
likewise
within
the
Ground
,
some
two
or
three
Inches
,
the
Roots
will
grow
greater
,
than
Ordinary
.
The
Cause
may
be
,
for
that
Hauing
Earth
enough
within
the
Pot
to
nourish
them
;
And
then
being
stopped
by
the
Bottom
of
the
Pot
from
putting
Strings
downward
,
they
must
needs
grow
greater
in
Breadth
,
and
Thicknesse
.
And
it
may
be
,
that
all
Seeds
or
Roots
,
Potted
,
and
so
set
into
the
Earth
,
will
prosper
the
better
.
The
Cutting
off
the
Leaues
of
Radish
,
or
other
Roots
,
in
the
beginning
of
Winter
,
before
they
wither
;
And
Couering
againe
the
Root
,
something
high
with
Earth
;
Will
preserue
the
Root
all
Winter
,
and
make
it
bigger
,
in
the
Spring
following
,
as
hath
beene
partly
touched
before
.
So
that
there
is
a
double
Vse
of
this
Cutting
off
the
Leaues
:
For
in
Plants
,
where
the
Root
is
the
Esculent
,
as
Radish
,
and
Parsnips
,
it
will
make
the
Root
the
greater
:
And
so
it
will
doe
to
the
Heads
of
Onions
.
And
where
the
Fruit
is
the
Esculent
,
by
Strengthning
the
Root
,
it
will
make
the
Fruit
also
the
greater
.
It
is
an
Experiment
of
great
pleasure
,
to
make
the
Leaues
of
Shady
Trees
,
larger
than
ordinary
.
It
hath
beene
tryed
(
for
certaine
)
that
a
Cions
of
a
Weech-Elme
,
grafted
vpon
the
Stocke
of
an
Ordinary
Elme
,
will
put
forth
Leaues
,
almost
as
broad
as
the
Brimme
of
ones
Hat
.
And
it
is
very
likely
,
that
as
in
Fruit-Trees
,
the
Graft
maketh
a
greater
Fruit
;
So
in
Trees
that
beare
no
Fruit
,
it
will
make
the
greater
Leaues
.
It
would
be
tryed
therefore
in
Trees
of
that
kinde
chiefly
;
As
Birch
,
Asp
,
Willow
;
And
especially
the
Shining
Willow
,
which
they
call
Swallow-Taile
,
because
of
the
pleasure
of
the
Leafe
.
The
Barrennesse
of
Trees
,
by
Accident
,
(
besides
the
Weaknesse
of
the
Soile
,
Seed
,
or
Root
;
And
the
Iniury
of
the
Weather
)
commeth
either
of
their
Ouer-growing
with
Mosse
,
Or
their
being
Hide-bound
;
Or
their
Planting
too
deepe
;
Or
by
Issuing
of
the
Sap
too
much
into
the
Leaues
.
For
all
these
there
are
Remedies
mentioned
before
.
Wee
see
that
in
Liuing
Creatures
,
that
haue
Male
and
Female
,
there
is
Copulation
of
seuerall
Kindes
;
And
so
Compound
Creatures
;
As
the
Mule
,
that
is
generated
betwixt
the
Horse
and
the
Asse
;
And
some
other
Compounds
,
which
we
call
Monsters
,
though
more
rare
:
And
it
is
held
,
that
that
Prouerbe
,
Africa
semper
aliquid
Monstri
parit
;
commeth
,
for
that
the
Fountaines
of
Waters
there
,
being
rare
,
diuers
Sorts
of
Beasts
come
from
seuerall
Parts
to
drinke
;
And
so
being
refreshed
,
fall
to
couple
,
and
many
times
with
seuerall
Kinds
.
Experiments
in
Consort
touching
Compound
Fruits
and
Flowers
.
The
Compounding
or
Mixture
of
Kinds
in
Plants
is
not
found
out
;
Which
neuerthelesse
,
if
it
be
possible
,
is
more
at
command
,
than
that
of
liuing
Creatures
;
For
that
their
Lust
requireth
a
voluntary
Motion
:
wherefore
it
were
One
of
the
most
Noble
Experiments
touching
Plants
,
to
finde
it
out
:
For
so
you
may
haue
great
Varietie
of
New
Fruits
,
and
Flowers
yet
vnknowne
.
Grafting
doth
it
not
:
That
mendeth
the
Fruit
,
or
doubleth
the
Flowers
,
&c.
But
it
hath
not
the
Power
to
make
a
New
Kinde
.
For
the
Cions
euer
ouer-ruleth
the
Stocke
.
It
hath
beene
set
downe
by
one
of
the
Ancients
,
that
if
you
take
two
Twigs
of
seuerall
Fruit
Trees
,
and
flat
them
on
the
Sides
,
and
then
binde
them
close
together
,
and
set
them
in
the
ground
,
they
will
come
vp
in
one
Stocke
;
But
yet
they
will
put
forth
their
seuerall
Fruits
,
without
any
Commixture
in
the
Fruit.
Wherein
note
(
by
the
way
)
that
Vnitie
of
Continuance
,
is
easier
to
procure
,
than
Vnitie
of
Species
.
It
is
reported
also
,
that
Vines
of
Red
and
White
Grapes
,
being
set
in
the
Ground
,
and
the
vpper
Parts
being
flatted
,
and
bound
close
together
,
will
put
forth
Grapes
of
the
seuerall
Colours
,
vpon
the
same
Branch
;
And
Grape-Stones
of
seuerall
Colours
within
the
same
Grape
:
But
the
more
,
after
a
yeare
or
two
;
The
Vnitie
(
as
it
seemeth
)
growing
more
Perfect
.
And
this
will
likewise
helpe
,
if
from
the
first
Vniting
,
they
be
often
Watred
;
For
all
Moisture
helpeth
to
Vnion
.
And
it
is
prescribed
also
,
to
binde
the
Bud
,
as
soone
as
it
commeth
forth
,
as
well
as
the
Stocke
;
At
the
least
for
a
time
.
They
report
,
that
diuers
Seeds
,
put
into
a
Clout
,
and
laid
in
Earth
well
dunged
,
will
put
vp
Plants
Contiguous
;
Which
(
afterwards
)
being
bound
in
,
their
Shoots
will
Incorporate
.
The
like
is
said
of
Kernels
,
put
into
a
Bottle
,
with
a
Narrow
Mouth
,
filled
with
Earth
.
It
is
reported
,
that
young
Trees
of
seuerall
kindes
,
set
contiguous
,
without
any
binding
,
and
very
often
Watred
,
in
a
Fruitfull
Ground
,
with
the
very
Luxurie
of
the
Trees
will
incorporate
,
and
grow
together
.
Which
seemeth
to
me
the
likeliest
Meanes
,
that
hath
beene
propounded
;
For
that
the
Binding
doth
hinder
the
Naturall
Swelling
of
the
Tree
;
which
,
while
it
is
in
Motion
,
doth
better
vnite
.
There
are
many
Ancient
and
Receiued
Traditions
and
Obseruations
,
touching
the
Sympathy
and
Antipathy
of
Plants
:
For
that
some
will
thriue
best
growing
neere
others
;
which
they
impute
to
Sympathy
:
And
some
worse
;
which
they
impute
to
Antipathy
.
Experiments
in
Consort
touching
the
Sympathy
and
Antipathy
of
Plants
.
But
these
are
Idle
and
Ignorant
Conceits
;
And
forsake
the
true
Indication
of
the
Causes
;
As
the
most
Part
of
Experiments
,
that
concerne
Sympathies
and
Antipathies
doe
.
For
as
to
Plants
,
neither
is
there
any
such
Secret
Friendship
,
or
Hatred
,
as
they
imagine
;
And
if
we
should
be
content
to
call
it
Sympathy
,
and
Antipathy
,
it
is
vtterly
mistaken
;
For
their
Sympathy
is
an
Antipathy
,
and
their
Antipathy
is
a
Sympathy
:
For
it
is
thus
;
Wheresoeuer
one
Plant
draweth
such
a
particular
Iuyce
out
of
the
Earth
;
as
it
qualifieth
the
Earth
;
So
as
that
Iuyce
which
remaineth
is
fit
for
the
other
Plant
,
there
the
Neighbourhood
doth
good
;
Because
the
Nourishments
are
contrary
,
or
seuerall
:
But
where
two
Plants
draw
(
much
)
the
same
Iuyce
,
there
the
Neighbourhood
hurteth
;
For
the
one
deceiueth
the
other
.
First
therfore
,
all
Plants
that
doe
draw
much
Nourishment
from
the
Earth
,
and
so
soake
the
Earth
,
and
exhaust
it
;
hurt
all
Things
that
grow
by
them
;
As
Great
Trees
,
(
especially
Ashes
,
)
and
such
Trees
,
as
spread
their
Roots
,
neere
the
Top
of
the
Ground
.
So
the
Colewort
is
not
an
Enemy
(
though
that
were
anciently
receiued
)
to
the
Vine
only
;
But
it
is
an
Enemy
to
any
other
Plant
;
Because
it
draweth
strongly
the
fattest
Iuyce
of
the
Earth
.
And
if
it
be
true
,
that
the
Vine
,
when
it
creepeth
neere
the
Colewort
,
will
turneaway
;
This
may
be
,
because
there
it
findeth
worse
Nourishment
;
For
though
the
Root
be
where
it
was
,
yet
(
I
doubt
)
the
Plant
will
bend
as
it
nourisheth
.
Where
Plants
are
of
seuerall
Natures
,
and
draw
seuerall
Iuyces
out
of
the
Earth
,
there
(
as
hath
beene
said
)
the
One
set
by
the
other
helpeth
:
As
it
is
set
downe
by
diuers
of
the
Ancients
,
that
Rew
doth
prosper
much
,
and
becommeth
stronger
,
if
it
be
set
by
a
Figge-Tree
:
which
(
we
conceiue
)
is
caused
,
Not
by
Reason
of
Friendship
,
but
by
Extraction
of
a
Contrary
Iuyce
:
The
one
Drawing
Iuyce
fit
to
result
Sweet
,
the
other
bitter
.
So
they
haue
set
downe
likewise
,
that
a
Rose
set
by
Garlicke
is
sweeter
:
Which
likewise
may
be
,
because
the
more
Fetide
Iuyce
of
the
Earth
goeth
into
the
Garlicke
;
And
the
more
Odorate
into
the
Rose
.
This
wee
see
manifestly
,
that
there
be
certaine
Corne-Flowers
,
which
come
seldome
or
neuer
in
other
places
,
vnlesse
they
be
set
;
But
onely
amongst
Corne
:
As
the
Blew-Bottle
,
a
kinde
of
Yellow
Mary
Gold
,
Wilde
Poppy
,
and
Fumitorie
.
Neither
can
this
be
,
by
Reason
of
the
Culture
of
the
Ground
,
by
Plowing
,
or
Furrowing
;
As
some
Herbs
,
and
Flowers
,
will
grow
but
in
Ditches
new
Cast
;
for
if
the
Ground
lie
sallow
,
and
vnsowne
,
they
will
not
come
:
So
as
it
should
seeme
to
be
the
Corne
,
that
qualifieth
the
Earth
,
and
prepareth
it
for
their
Growth
.
This
Obseruation
,
if
it
holdeth
,
(
as
it
is
very
probable
,
)
is
of
great
vse
,
for
the
Meliorating
of
Taste
in
Fruits
,
and
Esculent
Herbs
;
And
of
the
Sent
of
Flowers
.
For
I
doe
not
doubt
,
but
if
the
Figge-Tree
doe
make
the
Rew
more
strong
,
and
bitter
,
(
as
the
Ancients
haue
noted
,
)
good
store
of
Rew
planted
about
the
Figge-Tree
,
will
make
the
Figge
more
sweet
.
Now
the
Tastes
that
doe
most
offend
in
Fruits
,
and
Herbs
,
and
Roots
,
are
Bitter
;
Harrish
;
Sowre
;
And
Watrish
,
or
Flashy
.
It
were
good
therefore
to
make
the
Trials
following
.
Take
Wormewood
,
or
Rew
,
and
set
it
neere
Lettuce
,
or
Goleflory
,
or
Arti●hoake
;
And
see
whether
the
Lettuce
,
or
the
Coleflory
,
&c.
become
not
the
sweeter
.
Take
a
Seruice-Tree
,
or
a
Cornelian-Tree
,
or
an
Elder-Tree
,
which
wee
know
haue
Fruits
of
harsh
and
binding
Iuyce
,
and
set
them
neere
a
Vine
,
or
Figge-Tree
,
and
see
whether
the
Grapes
,
or
Figs
,
will
be
the
sweeter
.
Take
Cucumbers
,
or
Pumpions
,
and
set
them
(
here
and
there
)
amongst
Muske-Melons
,
and
see
whether
the
Melons
will
not
be
more
Winy
,
and
better
tasted
.
Set
Cucumbers
(
likewise
)
amongst
Radish
,
and
see
whether
the
Radish
will
not
be
made
the
more
Biting
.
Take
Sorrell
,
and
set
it
amongst
Rosps
,
and
see
whether
the
Rasps
will
not
be
the
sweeter
.
Take
Common
Briar
,
and
set
it
amongst
Violets
,
or
Wall-Flowers
,
and
see
whether
it
will
not
make
the
Violets
,
or
Wall-Flowers
sweeter
,
and
lesse
Earthy
in
their
Smell
.
So
set
Lettuce
,
or
Cucumbers
,
amongst
Rosemary
,
or
Bayes
,
and
see
whether
the
Rosemary
,
on
Bayes
,
will
not
be
the
more
Odorate
,
or
Aromaticall
.
Contrariwise
,
you
must
take
heed
,
how
you
set
Herbs
together
,
that
draw
much
the
like
Iuyce
.
And
therefore
I
thinke
Rosemary
will
leese
in
Sweetnesse
,
if
it
be
set
with
Lauender
,
or
Bayes
,
or
the
like
.
But
yet
,
if
you
will
correct
the
strength
of
an
Herbe
,
you
shall
doe
well
to
set
other
like
Herbs
by
him
,
to
take
him
downe
;
As
if
you
should
set
Tansey
by
Angelica
,
it
may
be
,
the
Angelica
would
be
the
weaker
,
and
fitter
for
Mixture
in
Perfume
.
And
if
you
should
set
Rew
by
Common
Wormewood
,
it
may
be
,
the
Wormewood
would
turne
to
be
like
Roman
Worniewood
.
This
Axiome
is
of
large
extent
;
And
therefore
would
be
seuered
,
and
refined
by
Triall
.
Neither
must
you
expect
to
haue
a
Grasse
Difference
by
this
kinde
of
Culture
,
but
only
Further
Perfection
.
Triall
would
be
also
made
in
Herbs
Poisonous
,
and
Purgatine
,
whose
ill
Qualitie
(
perhaps
)
may
be
discharged
,
or
attempted
,
by
Setting
stronger
Poisons
;
or
Purgatines
,
by
them
.
It
is
reported
,
that
the
Shrub
called
Our
Ladies
Seale
;
(
which
is
a
Kinde
of
Briony
,
)
and
Coleworts
,
set
neere
together
,
one
or
both
will
die
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
they
be
both
great
Depredatours
of
the
Earth
,
and
one
of
them
starueth
the
other
.
The
like
is
said
of
a
Reed
,
and
a
Brake
;
Both
which
are
succulent
;
And
therefore
the
One
deceiueth
the
Other
.
And
the
like
of
Hemlocke
and
Rew
;
Both
which
draw
strong
luyces
.
Some
of
the
Ancients
,
and
likewise
diures
of
the
Moderne
Writers
,
that
haue
laboured
in
Natural
Magicke
,
haue
noted
a
Sympathy
,
between
the
Sunne
,
Moone
,
and
some
Principall
Starres
;
And
certaine
Herbs
,
and
Plants
.
And
so
they
haue
denominated
some
Herbs
Solar
,
and
some
Lunar
;
And
such
like
Toyes
put
into
great
Words
.
It
is
manifest
,
that
there
are
some
Flowers
,
that
haue
Respect
to
the
Sunne
,
in
two
Kindes
;
The
one
by
Opening
and
Shutting
;
And
the
other
by
Bowing
and
Inclining
the
Head
.
For
Mary-golds
,
Tulippa's
,
Pimper●ell
,
and
indeed
most
Flowers
,
doe
open
or
spread
their
Leaues
abroad
,
when
the
Sunne
shineth
serene
and
faire
:
And
againe
,
(
in
some
part
,
)
close
them
,
or
gather
them
inward
,
either
towards
Night
,
or
when
the
Skie
is
ouercast
.
Of
this
there
needeth
no
such
Solemne
Reason
to
be
assigned
;
As
to
say
,
that
they
reioyce
at
the
presence
of
the
Sunne
;
And
mourne
at
the
Absence
thereof
.
For
it
is
Nothing
else
,
but
a
little
Loading
of
the
Leaues
,
and
Swelling
them
at
the
Bottome
,
with
the
Moisture
of
the
Aire
;
whereas
the
drie
Aire
doth
extend
them
:
And
they
make
it
a
Peece
of
the
wonder
,
that
Garden
Clauer
will
hide
the
Stalke
,
when
the
Sunne
sheweth
bright
;
Which
is
Nothing
,
but
a
full
Expansion
of
the
leaues
.
For
the
Bowing
and
Inclining
the
Head
;
it
is
found
in
the
great
Flower
of
the
Sunne
;
in
Mary-golds
;
Wart
wort
;
Mallow
Flowers
;
and
others
.
The
Cause
is
somewhat
more
Obscure
than
the
former
;
But
I
take
it
to
be
no
other
,
but
that
the
Part
against
which
the
Sunne
beateth
,
waxeth
more
faint
and
flaccide
in
the
Stalke
;
And
thereby
lesse
able
to
support
the
Flower
.
What
a
little
Moisture
will
doe
in
Vegetables
,
euen
though
they
be
dead
,
and
seuered
from
the
Earth
,
appeareth
well
in
the
Experiment
of
Inglers
.
They
take
the
Beard
of
an
Oate
;
which
(
if
you
marke
it
well
,
)
is
wreathed
at
the
Bottome
,
and
one
smooth
entire
Straw
at
the
Top.
They
take
only
the
Part
that
is
Wreathed
,
and
cut
off
the
other
,
leauing
the
Beard
halfe
the
Breadth
of
a
finger
in
length
.
Then
they
make
a
little
Crosse
of
a
Quill
,
long-wayes
of
that
Part
of
the
Quill
,
which
hath
the
Pith
;
And
Crosse-wayes
of
that
peece
of
the
Quill
without
Pith
;
The
whole
Crosse
being
the
Breadth
of
a
Finger
high
.
Then
they
pricke
the
Bottome
where
the
Pith
is
,
and
thereinto
they
put
the
Oaten-beard
,
leauing
halfe
of
it
sticking
forth
of
the
Quill
:
Then
they
take
a
little
white
Box
of
wood
,
to
deceiue
Men
,
as
if
somewhat
in
the
Box
did
worke
the
Feat
:
In
which
,
with
a
Pinne
,
they
make
a
little
Hole
,
enough
to
take
the
Beard
,
but
not
to
let
the
Crosse
sinke
downe
,
but
to
sticke
.
Then
likewise
by
way
of
Imposture
,
they
make
a
Question
;
As
,
Who
is
the
Fairest
Woman
in
the
Company
?
Or
,
Who
hath
a
Gloue
,
or
Card
?
And
canse
Another
to
name
diners
Persons
:
And
vpon
euery
Naming
,
they
sticke
the
Crosse
in
the
Box
,
hauing
first
put
it
towards
their
Mouth
,
as
if
they
charmed
it
;
And
the
Crasse
stirreth
not
;
But
when
they
come
to
the
Person
that
they
would
take
;
As
they
hold
the
Orasse
to
their
Mouth
,
they
touch
the
Beard
with
the
Tip
of
their
Tongue
,
and
wet
it
;
And
so
sticke
the
Crosse
in
the
Box
;
And
then
you
shall
see
it
turne
finely
and
softly
,
three
or
foure
Turnes
;
Which
is
caused
by
the
vntwining
of
the
Beard
by
the
Moisture
.
You
may
see
it
more
euidently
,
if
you
sticke
the
Crosse
betweene
your
fingers
,
in
Stead
of
the
Box
;
And
therfore
you
may
see
,
that
this
Motion
,
which
is
effected
by
so
little
Wet
,
is
stronger
than
the
Closing
or
Bending
of
the
Head
of
a
Marigold
.
It
is
reported
by
some
,
that
the
Herb
called
Rosa-Solis
,
(
wherof
they
make
Strong
Waters
,
)
will
at
the
Noone-day
,
when
the
Sunne
shineth
hot
and
bright
,
haue
a
great
Dew
vpon
it
.
And
therefore
,
that
the
right
Name
is
Ros
Solis
:
which
they
impute
to
a
Delight
and
Sympathy
,
that
it
hath
with
the
Sunne
.
Men
fauour
Wonders
.
It
were
good
first
to
be
sure
,
that
the
Dew
that
is
found
vpon
it
,
be
not
the
Dew
of
the
Morning
Preserued
,
when
the
Dew
of
other
Herbs
is
breathed
away
;
for
it
hath
a
smooth
and
thicke
Leafe
,
that
doth
not
discharge
the
Dew
so
soone
,
as
other
Herbs
that
are
more
Spungy
and
Porous
.
And
it
may
be
Purslane
,
or
some
other
Herb
,
doth
the
like
,
and
is
not
marked
.
But
if
it
be
so
,
that
it
hath
more
Dew
at
Noone
,
than
in
the
Morning
,
then
sure
it
seemeth
to
be
an
Exudation
of
the
Herb
is
solfe
.
As
Plums
sweat
when
they
are
set
into
the
Ouen
:
for
you
will
not
(
I
hope
)
thinke
,
that
it
is
like
Gedeons
Fleeel
of
Wood
,
that
the
Dew
should
fail
vpon
that
,
and
no
where
else
.
It
is
certaine
,
that
the
Honey-dews
are
found
more
vpon
Oahe-le●●es
,
than
vpon
A●●
of
Beech
,
or
the
like
:
But
whether
any
Cause
be
,
from
the
Leafe
it selfe
,
to
concoct●
the
Dew
,
Or
whether
it
be
onely
,
that
the
Leafe
is
Close
and
Smooth
;
(
And
therefore
drinketh
not
in
the
Dew
,
but
preserueth
it
;
)
may
be
doubted
.
It
would
be
well
inquired
,
whether
Ma●●●
the
Drug
,
doth
fall
but
vpon
certaine
Herbs
or
L●●●
onely
.
Flowers
that
haue
deepe
Sockets
,
doe
gather
in
the
Bottome
,
a
kinde
of
Honey
;
As
Honey-Suckles
;
(
both
the
Woodbine
,
and
the
Trisoile
;
)
Dillier
;
and
the
like
.
And
in
them
certainly
the
Flower
beareth
part
with
the
Dew
.
The
Experience
is
,
that
the
Froth
,
which
they
call
Woodsears
,
(
being
like
a
kinde
of
Spittle
,
)
is
found
but
vpon
certaine
Herbs
,
and
those
Hot
Ones
;
As
Lauender-cotton
,
Sage
,
Hissope
,
&c.
Of
the
Cause
of
this
enquire
further
;
For
it
seemeth
a
Secret
.
There
falleth
also
Mildew
vpon
Corne
,
and
smutteth
it
;
But
it
may
be
,
that
the
same
salleth
also
vpon
other
Herbs
,
and
is
not
obserued
.
It
were
good
,
Triall
were
made
,
whether
the
great
Consent
betweene
Plants
and
Water
,
which
is
a
principall
Nourishment
of
them
;
will
make
an
Attraction
or
Distance
,
and
not
at
Touch
onely
.
Therfore
take
a
Vessell
,
and
in
the
middle
of
it
make
a
false
Bottome
of
course
Can●●affe
:
Fill
it
with
E●●●
aboue
the
Canuaffey
and
let
not
the
Bar●h
be
wa●ed
;
Then
sow
some
good
Seeds
in
that
Earth
,
But
●●●
the
Canuaffe
,
some
halfe
a
foot
in
the
Bottome
of
the
Vessell
,
lay
a
great
Sp●●ge
,
th●●owly
wet
in
water
;
And
let
it
lye
so
some
ten
Dayes
.
And
see
whether
the
Seeds
will
sprout
,
and
the
Earth
become
more
Moist
,
and
the
Spunge
more
dry
.
The
Experiment
formerly
mentioned
of
the
Cucumber
,
creeping
to
the
Pot
of
Water
,
is
far
stranger
than
this
.
The
Altering
of
the
Sent
,
Colour
,
or
Taste
,
of
Fruit
,
by
Infusing
,
Mixing
,
or
Letting
into
the
Barke
,
or
Rost
,
of
the
Tree
,
Herb
,
or
Flower
,
any
Coloured
,
Aromaticall
,
or
Medicinall
;
Substance
;
are
but
Fancies
.
Experiments
in
Consort
,
touching
the
Making
Herbs
and
Fruits
Medicinable
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
those
Things
haue
passed
their
Period
,
and
nourish
not
.
And
all
Alteration
of
Vegetables
,
in
those
Qualitles
,
must
be
by
somewhat
,
that
is
apt
to
goe
into
the
Nourishment
of
the
Plant.
But
this
is
true
;
that
where
Kine
feed
vpon
Wilde
Garlicke
,
their
Milke
tasteth
plainly
of
the
Garlicke
:
And
the
Flesh
of
Muttons
is
better
tasted
where
the
Sheepe
feed
vpon
Wilde
Thyme
,
and
other
wholesome
Herbs
.
Galen
also
speaketh
of
the
Curing
of
the
Scirrus
of
the
Liuer
,
by
Milke
of
a
Cow
,
that
feedeth
but
vpon
certaine
Herbs
;
And
Honey
in
Spaine
smelleth
(
apparently
)
of
the
Rosemary
,
or
Orenge
,
from
whence
the
Bee
gathereth
it
:
And
there
is
an
old
Tradition
of
a
Mayden
that
was
fed
with
Napellus
;
(
which
is
counted
the
Strongest
Poyson
of
all
Vegetables
;
)
which
with
vse
did
not
hurt
the
Maid
,
but
poisoned
some
that
had
Carnall
Company
with
her
.
So
it
is
obserued
by
some
,
that
there
is
a
vertuous
Bexoar
,
and
another
without
vertue
;
which
appeare
to
the
shew
alike
;
But
the
Vertuous
is
taken
from
the
Beast
,
that
feedeth
vpon
the
Mountaines
,
where
there
are
Theriacall
Herbs
;
And
that
without
Vertue
;
from
those
that
feed
in
the
Valleyes
,
where
no
such
Herbs
are
.
Thus
far
I
am
of
Opinion
;
That
as
Steeped
Wines
and
Beeres
,
are
very
Medicinall
;
and
likewise
Bread
tempred
with
diuers
Powders
;
So
of
Meat
also
,
(
as
Flesh
,
Fish
,
Milke
,
and
Egges
,
)
that
they
may
be
made
of
great
vse
for
Medicine
,
and
Diet
,
if
the
Beasts
,
Fowle
,
or
Fish
,
be
fed
with
a
speciall
kinde
of
food
,
fit
for
the
Disease
.
It
were
a
dangerous
Thing
also
for
secret
Empoysonthents
.
But
whether
it
may
be
applyed
vnto
Plants
,
and
Herbs
.
I
doubt
more
;
Because
the
Nourishment
of
them
is
a
more
common
Iuyce
;
which
is
hardly
capable
of
any
speciall
Quality
,
vntill
the
Plant
doe
assimilate
it
.
But
lest
our
Incredulity
may
preiudice
any
profitable
Operations
in
this
kind
,
(
especially
since
Many
of
the
Ancients
haue
set
them
down
,
)
We
thinke
good
briefly
to
propound
the
foure
Meanes
,
which
they
haue
deuised
of
Making
Plants
Medicinable
.
The
First
is
by
Slitting
of
the
Root
,
and
Infusing
into
it
the
Medicine
;
As
Hellebore
,
Opium
,
Scammony
,
Triacle
,
&c.
And
then
binding
it
vp
againe
.
This
seemeth
to
me
the
least
probable
;
Because
the
Root
draweth
immediately
from
the
Earth
;
And
so
the
Nourishment
is
the
more
Common
,
and
lesse
Qualified
:
And
besides
,
it
is
a
long
time
in
Going
vp
,
ere
it
come
to
the
Fruit.
The
Second
Way
is
,
to
Perforate
the
Body
of
the
Tree
,
and
there
to
Infuse
the
Medicine
:
Which
is
somewhat
better
:
For
if
any
Vertue
be
receiued
from
the
Medicine
,
it
hath
the
lesse
way
,
and
the
lesse
time
,
to
goe
vp
.
The
Third
is
,
the
Steeping
of
the
Seed
or
Kernell
in
some
Liquour
,
wherein
the
Medicine
is
Infused
:
Which
I
haue
little
Opinion
of
,
because
the
Seed
,
(
I
doubt
,
)
will
not
draw
the
Parts
of
the
Matter
,
which
haue
the
Propriety
:
But
it
will
be
farre
the
more
likely
,
if
you
mingle
the
Medicine
with
Dung
;
For
that
the
Seed
naturally
drawing
the
Moisture
of
the
Dung
,
may
call
in
withall
some
of
the
Propriety
.
The
fourth
is
,
the
Watring
of
the
Plant
oft
,
with
an
Infusion
of
the
Medicine
.
This
,
in
one
respect
,
may
haue
more
force
than
the
rest
;
Because
the
Medication
is
oft
renewed
;
Whereas
the
rest
are
applyed
but
at
one
time
:
And
therefore
the
Vertue
may
the
sooner
vanish
.
But
still
I
doubt
,
that
the
Root
is
somewhat
too
stubborne
to
receiue
those
fine
Impressions
;
And
besides
,
(
as
I
said
before
,
)
they
haue
a
great
Hill
to
goe
vp
.
I
iudge
therefore
the
likeliest
way
to
be
the
Perforation
of
the
Body
of
the
Tree
,
in
senerall
Places
,
one
aboue
the
other
;
And
the
Filling
of
the
Holes
with
Dung
mingled
with
the
Medicine
.
And
the
Watring
of
those
Lumpes
of
Dung
,
with
Squirts
of
an
Infusion
of
the
Medicine
in
Dunged
water
,
once
in
three
or
foure
Daies
.
NATVRALL
HISTORIE
.
VI.
Century
.
OVR
Experiments
we
take
care
to
be
,
(
as
we
haue
often
said
,
)
either
Experimenta
Fructifera
,
or
Lucifera
;
Either
of
Vse
,
or
of
Discouery
:
For
we
hate
Impostures
;
And
despise
Curiosities
.
Experiments
in
Consort
,
touching
Curiosities
about
Fruits
and
Plants
.
Yet
because
we
must
apply
out
Selues
somewhat
to
Others
,
wee
will
set
downe
some
Curiofities
touching
Plants
.
It
is
a
Curiosity
,
to
haue
seuerall
Fruits
vpon
one
Tree
;
And
the
more
,
when
some
of
them
come
Early
,
and
some
come
Late
;
So
that
you
,
may
haue
,
vpon
the
same
Tree
,
Ripe
Fruits
all
Sommer
.
This
is
easily
done
,
by
Grafting
of
Seurall
Cians
,
vpon
seuerall
Boughes
of
a
Stock
,
in
a
good
Ground
,
plentifully
sed
.
So
you
may
haue
all
Kindes
of
Cherries
,
and
all
kindes
of
Plums
,
and
Peaches
,
and
Apricots
,
vpon
one
Tree
;
But
I
conceiue
the
Diuer
sity
of
Fruits
must
be
such
,
as
will
grast
vpon
the
same
Stocke
.
And
therefore
,
I
doubt
,
whether
you
can
haue
Apples
,
or
Peares
,
or
Orenges
,
vpon
the
same
Stocke
,
vpon
which
you
graft
Plummes
.
It
is
a
Curiosity
to
haue
Fruits
of
Diuers
Shopes
,
and
Figures
.
This
is
easily
performed
by
Moulding
them
,
when
the
Fruit
is
young
,
with
Moulds
of
Earth
,
or
Wood.
So
you
may
haue
Cucumbers
&c.
as
Long
as
a
Cane
;
Or
as
Round
as
a
Spheare
;
Or
formed
like
a
Crosse.
You
may
haue
also
Apples
,
in
the
forme
of
Peares
,
or
Limons
.
You
may
haue
also
Fruit
in
more
Accurate
Figures
;
As
we
said
of
Men
,
Beasts
,
or
Birds
,
according
as
you
make
the
Moulds
.
Wherein
you
must
vnderstand
,
that
you
make
the
Mould
big
enough
,
to
containe
the
whole
Fruit
,
when
it
is
growne
to
the
greatest
:
For
else
you
will
choake
the
Spreading
of
the
Fruit
;
Which
otherwise
would
spread
it selfe
,
and
fill
the
Concaue
,
and
so
be
turned
into
the
Shape
desired
;
As
it
is
in
Mouldworkes
of
Liquid
Things
.
Some
doubt
may
be
conceiued
,
that
the
Keeping
of
the
Sunne
from
the
Fruit
,
may
hurt
it
:
But
there
is
ordinary
experience
of
Fruit
that
groweth
Couered
.
Quare
also
,
whether
some
small
Holes
,
may
not
be
made
in
the
Wood
,
to
let
in
the
Sunne
.
And
note
,
that
it
were
best
to
make
the
Moulds
partible
,
glued
,
or
cemented
together
,
that
you
may
open
them
,
when
you
take
out
the
Fruit.
It
is
a
Curiosity
,
to
haue
Inscriptions
,
or
Engrauings
,
in
Fruit
,
or
Trees
.
This
is
easily
performed
,
by
Writing
with
a
Needle
,
or
Bodkin
,
or
Knife
,
or
the
like
,
when
the
Fruit
,
or
Trees
are
young
;
For
as
they
grow
,
so
the
Letters
will
grow
more
large
,
and
Graphicall
.
—
Tenerisque
meos
incidere
Amores
Arboribus
,
crescent
illa
,
crescetis
Amores
.
You
may
haue
Trees
apparrelled
with
Flowers
,
or
Herbs
,
by
Boring
Holes
in
the
Bodies
of
them
,
and
Putting
into
them
Earth
Holpen
with
Mucke
,
and
Setting
Seeds
,
or
Slips
,
of
Wielets
,
Stramberries
,
Wilde-Thyme
Camamill
,
and
such
like
in
the
Earth
.
Wherein
they
doe
but
grow
,
in
the
Tree
,
as
they
doe
in
Pots
;
Though
(
perhaps
)
with
some
Feeding
from
the
Trees
.
It
would
be
tried
also
with
Shoots
of
Vines
and
Roots
of
Red-Roses
;
For
it
may
be
,
they
being
of
a
more
Ligueout
Nature
,
will
incorporate
with
the
Tree
it selfe
.
It
is
an
ordinary
Curiosity
,
to
Forme
Trees
and
Sbrubs
,
(
as
Rosemary
,
Inniper
,
and
the
like
,
)
into
Sundry
Shapes
;
which
is
done
by
Moulding
them
within
,
and
Cutting
them
without
.
But
they
are
but
lame
Things
,
being
too
small
to
keepe
Figure
:
Great
Castles
made
of
Trees
vpon
Frames
of
Timber
,
with
Turrets
,
and
Arches
,
were
anciently
matters
of
Magnificence
.
Amongst
Cariofities
,
I
shall
place
Colouration
,
though
it
be
somewhat
better
:
For
Beauty
in
Flowers
is
their
Preheminence
.
It
is
obserued
by
some
,
that
Gilly-flowers
,
Sweet-Williams
,
Yielets
,
that
are
Coloured
,
if
they
be
neglected
,
and
neither
Watred
,
not
New
Monlded
,
nor
Transplanted
,
will
turne
White
.
And
it
is
probable
,
that
the
White
with
much
culture
,
may
turne
Coloured
.
For
this
is
certaine
,
that
the
White
Colour
commeth
of
Scarcity
of
Nourishment
;
Except
in
Flowers
that
are
onely
White
,
and
admit
no
other
Colours
.
It
is
good
therefore
,
to
see
what
Natures
doe
accompany
what
Colours
;
For
by
that
you
shall
haue
Light
,
how
to
induce
Colours
,
by
Producing
those
Natures
.
Whites
are
more
Inodorate
,
(
for
the
most
part
)
than
Flowers
of
the
same
kinde
Coloured
;
As
is
found
in
Single
White
Violets
,
White-Roses
,
White
Gilly-Flowers
,
White
Stock-Grlly-Flowers
,
&c.
Wee
finde
also
,
that
Blossomes
of
Trees
,
that
are
White
,
are
commonly
Inodorate
;
As
Cherries
,
Pearas
;
Pl●●●●●s
;
Whereas
those
of
Apples
,
Crabs
,
Almonds
,
and
Peaches
,
are
Blushy
,
and
Smell
Sweet
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
the
Substance
that
maketh
the
Flower
,
is
of
the
thinnest
and
sinest
of
the
Plant
;
Which
also
maketh
Flowers
to
be
of
so
dainty
Colours
.
And
if
it
bee
too
Sparing
,
and
Thinne
,
it
attaineth
no
Strength
of
Odour
;
Except
it
be
in
such
Plants
,
as
are
very
Succulent
;
Whereby
they
need
rather
to
be
scanted
in
their
Nourishment
,
than
replenished
,
to
haue
them
sweet
.
As
we
fee
in
White
Satyrian
,
which
is
of
a
Dainty
Smell
;
And
in
Beane-Flowers
,
&c.
And
againe
,
if
the
Plant
be
of
Nature
,
to
put
forth
White
Flowers
onely
,
and
those
not
thinne
,
or
dry
,
they
are
commonly
of
rancke
and
fulsome
Smell
;
As
May-Flowers
,
and
White
Lillies
.
Contrariwise
,
in
Berries
,
the
White
is
commonly
more
Delicaee
,
and
Sweet
in
Taste
,
than
the
Coloured
;
As
wee
see
in
White
Grapes
;
In
White
Raspes
;
In
White
Strawberries
;
In
White
Carra●
,
&c.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
the
Coloured
are
more
iuyced
,
and
courfer
iuyced
;
And
therefore
not
so
well
and
equally
Concocted
;
But
the
White
are
better
proportioned
,
to
the
Disgestion
of
the
Plant.
But
in
Fruits
,
the
White
commonly
is
meaner
;
As
in
Peare-Plums
,
Da●asi●s
,
&c.
And
the
Choicest
Plammes
are
Blacke
,
The
Malberry
,
(
which
though
they
call
it
a
Berry
,
is
a
Fruit
,
)
is
better
the
Blacke
,
than
the
White
.
The
Haruest
White-Pl●mme
,
is
a
base
Pl●mme
;
And
the
Verdoccie
and
White
Date-Plamme
,
are
no
very
good
Plummes
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
they
are
all
Ouer-watry
:
Whereas
an
higher
Concoction
is
required
for
Sweetnesse
,
or
Pleasure
of
Taste
;
And
therefore
all
your
dainty
Plummes
,
are
a
little
dry
,
and
come
from
the
Stone
;
As
the
Muscle-Plumme
,
the
Damasin-Plumme
,
the
Peach
,
the
Apricet
,
&c.
Yet
some
Fruits
,
which
grow
not
to
be
Blacke
,
are
of
the
Nature
of
Berries
,
sweetest
such
as
are
Paler
;
As
the
Cae●r-Cherry
,
which
inclineth
more
to
White
,
is
sweeter
than
the
Red
;
But
the
Egriot
is
more
sowre
.
Take
Gilly-Flower
Seed
,
of
one
kinde
of
Gilly-Flower
:
(
As
of
the
Cloue-Gilly-Flower
,
which
is
the
most
Common
;
)
And
sow
it
;
And
there
will
come
vp
Gilly-Flowers
,
some
of
one
Colour
,
and
some
of
another
,
casually
,
as
the
Seed
meeteth
with
Nourishment
in
the
Earth
;
So
that
the
Gardiners
finde
,
that
they
may
haue
two
or
three
Roots
amongst
an
hundred
,
that
are
rare
,
and
of
great
Price
:
As
Purple
,
Carnation
of
Seuerall
Stripes
;
The
Canse
is
,
(
no
doubt
,
)
that
in
Earth
,
though
it
be
contiguous
,
and
in
one
Bed
,
there
are
very
feuerall
luyees
;
And
as
the
Seed
doth
casually
meet
with
them
,
so
it
commethforth
.
And
it
is
noted
especially
,
that
those
which
doe
come
vp
Purple
,
doe
alwayes
come
vp
Single
;
The
Iuyee
,
as
it
seemeth
,
not
being
able
to
suffice
a
Succulent
Colour
,
and
a
Double
Leafe
.
This
Experiment
of
seuerall
Colours
,
comming
vp
from
one
Seed
,
would
be
tried
also
in
Larkes-Foot
,
Moukes-Head
,
Rappy
,
and
Hollyoke
.
Few
Fruits
are
coloured
Red
within
;
The
Queene-Apple
is
;
And
another
Apple
,
called
the
Rose
Apple
;
Mulberries
likewise
;
and
Grapes
,
though
most
toward
the
Skinne
.
There
is
a
Peach
also
,
that
hath
a
Circle
of
Red
towards
the
Stone
:
And
the
Egriot-Cherry
is
somewhat
Red
within
;
But
no
Peare
,
nor
Warden
,
not
Plumme
,
nor
Apricet
,
although
they
haue
(
many
times
)
Red
sides
,
are
Coloured
Red
within
.
The
Canse
may
be
enquired
.
The
Generall
Colour
of
Plants
is
Greene
;
which
is
a
Colour
that
no
Flower
is
of
.
There
is
a
Greenish
Prime-Rose
,
but
it
is
Pale
,
and
scatce
a
Greene
;
The
Leaues
of
some
Trees
turne
a
little
Murry
,
or
Reddish
;
And
they
be
commonly
Young
Leaues
that
doe
so
;
As
it
is
in
Oakes
,
and
Vines
,
and
Hasle
.
Leaves
tot
into
a
Yellow
;
And
some
Hollies
haue
part
of
their
Leaues
Yellow
,
that
are
,
(
to
all
seeming
,
)
as
Fresh
and
Shining
,
as
the
Greene.
I
suppose
also
,
that
Yellow
is
a
lesse
Succulent
Colour
,
than
Greene
;
And
a
degree
nearer
White
.
For
it
hath
beene
noted
,
that
those
Yellow
Leaues
of
Holly
stand
euor
towards
the
North
,
or
North-East
.
Some
Roots
are
Yellow
,
as
Carress
;
And
some
Plants
Bloud-Red
,
Stalke
and
Leafe
,
and
all
;
as
Amaranthus
.
Some
Herbs
incline
to
Purple
,
and
Red
;
As
a
Kinde
of
Sage
doth
,
and
a
Kinde
of
Mint
,
and
Rosa
Solis
,
&c.
And
Some
haue
White
Leaues
,
as
another
Kinde
of
Sape
,
and
another
kinde
of
Mins
;
But
Azure
,
and
a
Paire
Purple
,
are
neuer
found
in
Leaues
.
This
Sheweth
,
that
Flowers
are
made
of
a
Refined
luyce
,
of
the
Earth
;
And
so
are
Fruits
:
But
Leaues
of
a
more
Courfe
,
and
Common
.
It
is
a
Curiosity
also
to
make
Flowers
Double
;
Which
is
effected
by
Often
Remouing
them
into
New
Earth
;
As
on
the
contrary
Part
,
Double
Flowers
,
by
neglecting
,
and
not
Remouing
,
proue
Single
And
the
Way
to
doe
it
speedily
,
is
to
sow
or
set
Seeds
,
or
Slips
of
Flowers
;
And
as
soone
as
they
come
vp
,
to
remoue
them
into
New
Ground
,
that
is
good
.
Enquire
also
,
whether
Inoculating
of
Flowers
,
(
as
Stock-Gilly-Flowers
,
Roses
,
Muske-Roses
.
&c.
)
doth
not
make
them
Double
.
There
is
a
Cherry-Tree
,
that
hath
Double
Blossomes
;
But
that
Tree
beareth
no
Fruit
;
And
,
it
may
be
,
that
the
same
Meanes
,
which
applied
to
the
Tree
,
doth
extremely
accelerate
the
Sap
to
rise
,
and
breake
sorth
.
Would
make
the
Tree
spend
it selfe
in
Flowers
,
and
those
to
become
Double
;
Which
were
a
great
pleasure
to
see
;
Especially
in
Apple-Trees
,
Peach-Trees
,
and
Almond-Trees
,
that
haue
Blossomes
Blush-Coloured
.
The
Making
of
Fruits
,
without
Core
or
Stone
,
is
likewise
a
Curiosity
;
And
somewhat
better
:
Because
whatsoeuer
maketh
them
so
,
is
like
to
make
them
more
Tender
and
Delicate
.
If
a
Cions
or
Shooe
,
fit
to
be
set
in
the
Ground
,
haue
the
Pith
finely
taken
forth
,
(
and
not
altogether
,
but
some
of
it
left
,
the
better
to
saue
the
life
,
)
it
will
beare
a
Fruit
with
little
,
or
no
Core
,
or
Stone
.
And
the
like
is
said
to
be
,
of
diuiding
a
Quicke-Tree
downe
to
the
Ground
,
and
Taking
out
the
Pith
,
and
then
binding
it
vp
againe
.
It
is
reported
also
,
that
a
Citron
grafted
vpon
a
Quince
haue
small
or
no
Seeds
;
And
it
is
very
probable
,
that
〈…〉
grafted
vpon
a
Stocke
,
that
〈◊〉
a
Sweeter
Fruit
may
hath
make
the
Fruit
sweeter
,
and
more
void
of
the
harsh
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
or
Seeds
.
It
is
reported
,
that
not
only
the
●●●●●●●●
of
the
●●●●
but
the
Steepping
of
the
Iuyce
of
the
Pith
,
from
Rising
in
the
〈…〉
if
you
should
boare
a
Tree
cleane
thorow
,
and
put
a
wedge
in
.
It
is
true
,
there
is
some
Affinitie
betweene
the
Pith
,
and
the
Kernell
,
because
they
are
both
of
a
harsh
Substance
,
and
both
placed
in
the
Middest
.
It
is
reported
,
that
Trees
watred
perpetually
with
Warme
Water
,
will
make
a
Fruit
,
with
little
or
no
Core
,
or
●●●
.
And
the
Rule
is
generall
,
that
whatsoeuer
will
make
a
Water-Tree
a
Garden-Tree
,
will
make
a
Garden-Tree
to
haue
lesse
Core
,
or
Stone
.
The
Rule
is
certaine
,
that
Plants
for
want
of
Culture
,
●●●●●
to
be
be
baser
in
the
same
Kinde
;
And
sometimes
so
●●●●
,
as
to
change
into
another
Kinde
.
Experiments
in
Consort
touching
the
Degenerating
of
Plants
;
And
of
the
Transmutation
of
them
,
one
into
another
.
1.
The
St●●ding
●●●●
not
being
Remoued
,
●●keth
them
degenerase
.
2.
Drangle
,
vnlesse
the
Earth
of
it selfe
be
moist
,
doth
the
like
.
3.
So
doth
Remouing
into
worse
Earth
,
or
Gorbearing
to
C●●●p●st
the
Earth
;
As
wee
see
that
Water-Mini
turneth
into
Field-Mini
;
And
the
Colewort
into
Rape
by
Neglect
,
&c.
Whatsouer
Fruit
vseth
to
bee
set
vpon
a
Ro●●
,
or
a
Slipif
it
bee
〈◊〉
will
degenerate
.
Grapes
sowne
;
Figs
,
Almonds
,
Pomgranate
Kernells
sowne
;
make
the
Fruits
degenerate
,
and
become
Wilde
.
And
againe
,
Most
of
those
Fruits
that
vse
to
be
grafted
,
if
they
be
set
of
Kernells
,
or
Stones
,
degenerate
.
It
is
true
,
that
●●●●
,
(
as
hath
beene
touched
before
,
)
doe
better
vpon
S●●●
S●●
,
than
vpon
Grafting
:
And
the
Rule
of
Exception
should
seeme
to
be
this
;
That
whatsoeuer
P●●●●
requireth
much
Moisture
,
prospereth
better
vpon
the
Stone
,
or
Kernell
,
than
vpon
the
Graft
.
For
the
Stocke
,
though
it
glueth
a
finer
Nourishment
,
yet
it
giueth
a
scanter
,
than
the
Earth
at
large
.
Seeds
,
if
they
be
very
Old
,
and
yet
haue
strength
enough
to
bring
forth
a
Plant
,
make
the
Plant
degenerate
.
And
therefore
skilfull
Gardiners
make
triall
of
the
Seeds
,
before
they
buy
them
,
whether
they
be
good
or
no
,
by
Putting
them
into
Water
gently
Boyled
;
And
if
they
be
good
,
they
will
sprout
within
Halfe
an
Houre
.
It
is
strange
which
is
reported
,
that
Basill
too
such
exposed
to
the
Sunne
,
doth
turne
into
Wilde
Thyme
:
Although
those
two
Herbs
seeme
to
haue
small
Affinitie
;
but
Basill
is
almost
the
only
Hot
Herbe
,
that
hath
Fat
and
Succulent
Leaues
;
Which
Oylinesse
,
if
it
be
drawne
forth
by
the
Sunne
,
it
is
like
it
will
make
a
very
great
Change
.
There
is
an
old
Tradition
,
that
Boughs
of
Oake
,
put
into
the
Earth
,
will
put
forth
Wilde
Vines
:
Which
if
it
be
true
,
(
no
doubt
,
)
it
is
not
the
Oake
that
turneth
into
a
Vine
,
but
the
Oake-Bough
Putrifying
,
qualifieth
the
Earth
,
to
put
forth
a
Vine
of
it selfe
.
It
is
not
impossible
,
and
I
haue
heard
it
verified
,
that
vpon
Cutting
downe
of
an
Old
Timber-Tree
,
the
Stub
hath
put
out
sometimes
a
Tree
of
another
Kinde
;
As
that
Beech
hath
put
forth
Birch
;
Which
,
if
it
be
true
,
the
Cause
may
be
,
for
that
the
old
Stub
is
too
scant
of
Iuyce
,
to
put
forth
the
former
Tree
;
And
therefore
putteth
forth
a
Tree
of
a
smaller
kindey
that
needeth
lesse
Nourishment
.
There
is
an
Opinion
in
the
Countrey
,
that
if
the
same
Ground
be
oft
sowen
,
with
the
Graine
that
grew
vpon
it
,
it
will
,
in
the
end
,
grow
to
be
of
a
ba●er
kinde
.
It
is
certaine
,
that
in
very
Sterile
Yeares
,
Carne
sowne
will
grow
to
an
Other
Kinde
.
Grandia
sapè
quibus
mandauimus
Hordes
Sulcis
.
Infoelix
Lolium
,
&
steriles
dominantur
Auena
.
And
generally
it
is
a
Rule
,
that
Plants
,
that
are
brought
forth
by
Culture
,
as
Corne
,
will
sooner
change
into
other
Species
,
than
those
that
come
of
themselues
:
For
that
Culture
giueth
but
an
Aduentitious
Nature
,
which
is
more
easily
put
off
.
This
worke
of
the
Transmutation
of
Plants
,
one
into
another
,
is
inter
Magnalia
Naturae
:
For
the
Transmutation
of
Species
is
,
in
the
vulgar
philosophie
,
pronounced
Impossible
:
And
certainly
,
it
is
a
thing
of
difficultie
,
and
requireth
deepe
Seatch
into
Nature
:
But
feeing
there
appeare
some
manifest
Instances
of
it
,
the
Opinion
of
Impossibilitie
is
to
be
reiected
;
And
the
Meanes
thereof
to
be
found
out
.
Wee
see
,
that
in
Liuing
Creatures
,
that
come
of
Putrefaction
,
there
is
much
Transmutation
,
of
one
into
another
;
As
Catterpillers
turne
into
Flies
,
&c.
And
it
should
seeme
probable
,
that
what
soeuer
Creature
,
hauing
life
,
is
generated
without
Seed
,
that
Creature
will
change
out
of
one
Species
into
another
.
For
it
is
the
Seed
,
and
the
Nature
of
it
,
which
locketh
and
boundeth
in
the
Creature
,
that
it
doth
not
expatiate
.
So
as
wee
may
well
conclude
,
that
seeing
the
Earth
,
of
it selfe
,
doth
put
forth
Plants
,
without
Seed
,
therefore
Plants
may
well
haue
a
Transmigration
of
Species
.
Wherefore
Wanting
Instances
,
which
doe
occurre
,
wee
shall
giue
Directions
of
the
most
likely
Trialls
:
And
generally
,
wee
would
not
haue
those
,
that
read
this
our
Worke
of
Sylua
Syluarum
,
account
it
strange
,
or
thinke
that
it
is
an
Ouer-Haste
,
that
wee
haue
set
downe
Particulars
vntried
;
For
contrariwise
,
in
our
owne
Estimation
,
we
account
such
Particulars
,
more
worthy
,
than
those
that
are
already
tried
and
knowne
.
For
these
Later
must
be
taken
as
you
finde
them
;
But
the
Other
doe
leuell
Point
blanke
at
the
Inuenting
of
Causes
,
and
Axiomes
.
Flast
therefore
you
must
make
account
,
that
if
you
will
haue
one
Plant
change
into
another
,
you
must
haue
the
Nourishment
ouer-rule
the
Seed
;
And
therefore
you
are
to
practise
it
by
Nourishments
as
contrary
,
as
may
be
,
to
the
Nature
of
the
Harbs
;
So
neuerthelesse
as
the
Herbe
may
grow
;
And
likewise
with
Seeds
that
are
of
the
Weakest
Sort
,
and
haue
least
Vigour
.
You
shall
doe
well
therefore
,
to
take
Marsh-Herbs
,
and
Plant
them
vpon
Tops
of
Hills
,
and
Champaignes
;
And
such
plants
as
require
much
Moisture
,
vpon
Sandy
and
very
drie
Grounds
.
As
for
Example
,
Marsh-Maltowes
,
and
Sedge
,
vpon
Hills
;
Cucumber
and
Let●nce
.
Seeds
,
and
Coloworis
,
vpon
a
Sandy
Plas
:
So
contrariwise
plant
Bushes
,
Heath
,
Ling
,
and
Brakes
,
vpon
a
Wet
or
Mu●sh
Ground
.
This
I
conceiue
also
,
that
all
E●c●lent
and
Garden-Herbs
,
set
vpon
the
Tops
of
Hills
,
will
proue
more
Modicinall
,
though
leffe
E●●●lent
,
than
they
were
before
.
And
it
may
be
likewise
,
some
Wilde-Herbs
you
may
make
Sallel-Herbs
.
This
is
the
first
Rule
for
Trans●●ction
of
Plants
.
The
second
Rule
shall
be
to
burie
some
few
Seeds
,
of
the
Herbe
you
would
change
,
amongst
other
Seeds
;
And
then
you
shall
see
,
whether
the
luyee
of
those
other
Seeds
,
doe
●●●
so
qualifie
the
Earth
,
as
it
will
alter
the
Seed
,
whereupon
you
worke
.
As
for
Example
;
Put
Parfly●●●
amongst
Onion-S●●t
Or
Lettuce
Seed
amongst
Parthy-Seed
;
Or
Ba●●-Seed
amongst
Thyme-Seed
;
And
see
the
Change
of
Taste
on
otherwise
.
But
you
shall
doe
well
,
to
put
the
Seed
you
would
change
,
into
a
little
linnen
Cloth
,
that
it
mingle
not
with
the
forraine
Seed
.
The
third
Rule
shall
be
,
the
Making
of
some
Medley
or
Mixture
of
Earth
,
with
some
other
plants
Braised
,
or
Shanes
,
either
in
Leafe
or
Root
;
As
for
Example
,
make
Earth
with
a
Mixture
of
Calmert-Leaues
,
stamped
,
and
set
in
it
Artis●●●kes
,
or
Pars●ips
;
So
take
Earth
made
with
Mai●●
,
or
Origa●●m
,
or
Wilde
Th●●●
,
bruised
,
or
stamped
,
and
set
in
it
Fennell-Seed
,
&c.
In
which
Operation
,
the
Processe
of
Nature
still
will
be
,
(
as
I
conceiue
,
)
not
that
the
Harbe
you
worke
vpon
,
should
draw
the
Iuyce
of
the
Fo●●ne
Herbes
(
For
that
Opinion
was
haue
formerly
reiected
;
)
But
that
there
will
be
a
New
Confection
of
Mould
,
which
perhaps
will
alter
the
Seed
,
and
yet
not
to
the
kinde
of
the
former
Herbe
.
The
fo●●●
Rule
shall
be
,
to
●●●
what
Herbs
,
some
●●●
doe
put
forth
of
themselues
;
And
to
take
●●●
Earth
,
and
to
Pat
it
,
or
to
●●●●●●
it
;
And
in
that
to
set
the
Seed
you
would
change
:
as
for
example
,
sake
from
vnder
Walls
,
or
the
like
,
where
Nettles
put
forth
in
abundance
,
the
Earth
which
you
shall
there
finde
,
without
any
String
,
or
Root
of
the
Nettles
;
And
Pot
that
Earth
,
and
set
in
it
Stock-gilly
,
flowers
,
or
Wall
Flowers
,
&c.
Or
sow
in
the
Seeds
of
them
;
And
see
what
the
Euent
will
be
:
Or
take
Earth
,
that
you
haue
prepared
to
put
forth
Mushromes
,
of
it selfe
,
(
whereof
you
shall
finde
some
Instances
following
;
)
And
sow
in
it
Purslane
Seed
,
or
Lettuce-Seed
;
For
in
these
Experiments
,
it
is
likely
enough
,
that
the
Earth
being
accustomed
to
send
forth
one
Kinde
of
Nourishment
,
will
alter
the
new
Seed
.
The
fifth
Rule
shall
be
,
to
make
the
Herbe
grow
Contrary
to
his
Nature
;
As
to
make
Ground-Herbes
rise
in
Heighth
:
As
for
example
;
Carry
Camomill
,
or
Wilde-Thyme
,
or
the
Greene
Strawberry
,
vpon
Sticks
,
as
you
doe
Heps
vpon
Poles
;
And
see
what
the
Euent
will
be
.
The
sixth
Rule
shall
be
,
to
make
Plants
grow
out
of
the
Sunne
,
or
Open
Aire
;
For
that
is
a
great
Mutation
in
Nature
;
And
may
induce
a
Change
in
the
Seed
:
As
barrell
vp
Earth
,
and
sow
some
Seed
in
it
,
and
put
it
in
the
Bottome
of
a
Pond
;
Or
put
it
in
some
great
hollow
Tree
;
Trie
also
the
Sowing
of
Seeds
,
in
the
Bottomes
of
Caues
;
And
Pots
with
Seeds
sowne
,
hanged
vp
in
Wells
,
some
distance
from
the
Water
,
and
see
what
the
Euent
will
be
.
It
is
certaine
,
that
Timber-Trees
in
Coppice-Words
,
grow
more
vpright
,
and
more
free
from
Vnder-Boughs
,
than
those
that
stand
in
the
Field
;
The
Cause
whereof
is
,
for
that
Plants
haue
a
Naturall
Motion
,
to
get
to
the
Sunne
;
And
besides
,
they
are
not
glutted
with
too
much
Nourishment
;
For
that
the
Coppice
shareth
with
them
;
And
Repletion
euer
hindreth
Stature
;
Lastly
,
they
are
kept
warme
;
And
that
euer
in
Plants
helpeth
Mounting
.
Experiments
in
Consort
touching
the
Proco●tic
,
and
Lownesse
,
and
Artificiall
dwarsing
of
Trees
.
Trees
,
that
are
,
of
themselues
,
full
of
Heat
,
(
which
Heat
appeareth
by
their
Inflammable
Gumms
,
)
as
Firrs
,
and
Pines
,
mount
of
themselues
in
Heighth
without
Side-Boughs
,
till
they
come
towards
the
Top.
The
Cause
is
,
partly
Heat
;
And
partly
Tenuitie
of
Iuyce
;
Both
which
send
the
Sap
vpwards
.
As
for
Iuniper
,
it
is
but
a
Shrub
,
and
groweth
not
bigge
enough
in
Body
,
to
maintaine
a
tall
Tree
.
It
is
reported
,
that
a
Good
Strong
Canuas
,
spread
ouer
a
Tree
grasted
low
,
soone
after
it
putteth
forth
,
will
dwarfe
it
,
and
make
it
spread
.
The
Cause
is
plaine
;
For
that
all
Things
that
grow
,
will
grow
as
they
finde
Roome
.
Trees
are
generally
set
of
Roots
,
or
Kernells
;
But
if
you
set
them
of
Slips
,
(
as
of
some
Trees
you
may
,
by
name
the
Mulberry
)
,
some
of
the
Slips
will
take
;
And
those
that
take
,
(
as
is
reported
,
)
will
be
Dwarfe-Trees
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
a
Slip
draweth
Nourishment
more
weakly
,
than
either
a
Root
,
or
Kernell
.
All
Plants
,
that
put
forth
their
Sap
hastily
,
haue
their
Bodies
not
proportionable
to
their
Length
;
And
therefore
they
are
Winders
,
and
Creepers
;
As
Iuy
,
Briony
,
Hops
,
Woodbine
:
Whereas
Dwarsing
requireth
a
slow
Putting
forth
,
and
lesse
Vigour
of
Mounting
.
The
Scripture
saith
,
that
Salomon
wrote
a
Naturall
History
,
from
the
Cedar
of
Libanus
,
to
the
Mosse
growing
vpon
the
Wall
:
For
so
the
belt
Translations
haue
it
.
Experiments
in
Consort
,
touching
the
And
it
is
true
that
Mosse
is
but
the
Rudiment
of
a
Plant.
And
(
as
it
were
)
the
Mould
of
Earth
,
or
Barke
.
Mosse
groweth
chiefly
vpon
Ridges
of
Houses
,
tiled
or
thatched
,
And
vpon
the
Crests
of
Walls
.
And
that
Mosse
is
of
a
lightsome
,
and
pleasant
Greene.
The
Growing
vpon
Slopes
is
caused
,
for
that
Mosse
,
as
on
the
one
side
it
commeth
of
Moisture
and
Water
,
so
on
the
other
side
the
Water
must
but
Slide
,
and
not
Stand
or
Poole
.
And
the
Growing
vpon
Tiles
,
or
Walls
,
&c.
is
caused
,
for
that
those
dried
Earths
,
hauing
not
Moisture
sufficient
to
put
forth
a
Plant
,
doe
practise
Gormination
by
Putting
forth
Mosse
;
Though
when
by
Age
,
or
otherwise
,
they
grow
to
relent
and
resolue
,
they
sometimes
put
forth
Plants
;
As
Wall-Flowers
.
And
almost
all
Mosse
hath
here
and
there
little
Stalkes
,
besides
the
low
Thrumme
.
Mosse
groweth
vpon
Alleyes
,
especially
such
as
lye
Cold
,
and
vpon
the
North
;
As
in
diuers
Tarrasses
:
And
againe
,
if
they
be
much
trodden
;
Or
if
they
were
,
at
the
first
,
grauelled
;
For
wheresoeuer
Plants
are
kept
downe
,
the
Earth
putteth
forth
Mosse
.
Old
Ground
,
that
hath
beene
long
vnbroken
vp
,
gathereth
Mosse
:
And
therfore
Husbandmen
vse
to
cure
their
Pasture
Grounds
,
when
they
grow
to
Mosse
,
by
Tilling
them
for
a
yeare
,
or
two
:
Which
also
dependeth
vpon
the
same
Cause
;
For
that
,
the
more
Sparing
and
Staruing
Iuyce
of
the
Earth
,
in
sufficient
for
Plants
,
doth
breed
Mosse
.
Old
Trees
are
more
Mossy
,
(
farre
)
than
Young
;
For
that
the
Sap
is
not
so
francke
as
to
rise
all
to
the
Boughes
,
but
tireth
by
the
way
,
and
putteth
out
Mosse
.
Fountaines
haue
Mosse
growing
vpon
the
Ground
about
them
;
Muscosi
Fontes
;
—
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
the
Fountaines
draine
the
Water
from
the
Ground
Adiacent
,
and
leaue
but
sufficient
Moisture
to
breed
Mosse
:
And
besides
,
the
Coldnesse
of
the
Water
conduceth
to
the
same
.
The
Mosse
of
Trees
,
is
a
kinde
of
Haire
;
For
it
is
the
Iuyce
of
the
Tree
,
that
is
Excerned
,
and
doth
not
Affimilate
.
And
vpon
great
Trees
the
Mosse
gathereth
a
Figure
,
like
a
Leafe
.
The
Moister
Sort
of
Trees
yeeld
little
Mosse
;
As
we
see
in
Aspes
,
Poplars
,
Willowes
,
Beeches
,
&c.
Which
is
partly
caused
,
for
the
Reason
that
hath
beene
giuen
,
of
the
francke
Putting
vp
of
the
Sap
into
the
Boughes
;
And
partly
,
for
that
the
Barkes
of
those
Trees
,
are
more
Close
and
Smooth
,
than
those
of
Oakes
,
and
Ashes
;
Whereby
the
Mosse
can
the
hardlier
issue
out
.
In
Clay-Grounds
,
all
Fruit-Trees
grow
full
of
Mosse
,
both
vpon
Body
and
Boughes
;
Which
is
caused
,
partly
by
the
Coldnesse
of
the
Ground
,
whereby
the
Plants
nourish
lesse
;
And
partly
by
the
Toughnesse
of
the
Earth
,
whereby
the
Sap
is
shut
in
,
and
cannot
get
vp
,
to
spread
so
franckly
,
as
it
should
doe
.
Wee
haue
said
heretofore
,
that
if
Trees
be
Hide-bound
,
they
wax
lesse
Fruitfull
,
and
gather
Mosse
:
And
that
they
are
holpen
by
Hacking
,
&c.
And
therefore
by
the
Reason
of
Contraries
,
if
Trees
be
bound
in
with
Cords
,
or
some
Outward
Bands
,
they
will
put
forth
more
Mosse
:
Which
(
I
thinke
)
happeneth
to
Trees
that
stand
Bleake
,
and
vpon
the
Cold
Winds
.
It
would
also
be
tried
,
whether
,
if
you
couer
a
Tree
,
somewhat
thicke
vpon
the
top
,
after
his
Powling
,
it
will
not
gather
more
Mosse
.
I
thinke
also
,
the
Watring
of
Trees
with
Cold
Fountaine-Water
,
will
make
them
grow
full
of
Mosse
.
There
is
a
Mosse
the
Perfumers
haue
,
which
commeth
out
of
Apple-Trees
,
that
hath
an
Excellent
Sent.
Quare
particularly
for
the
Manner
of
the
Growth
,
and
the
Nature
of
it
.
And
for
this
Experiments
,
sake
,
being
a
Thing
of
Price
,
I
haue
set
downe
the
last
Experiments
,
how
to
multiply
,
and
call
on
Mosses
.
Next
vnto
Mosse
,
I
will
speake
of
Mushromes
;
Which
are
likewise
an
Vnperfect
Plant.
These
Mushromes
haue
two
strange
Properties
;
The
One
,
that
they
yeeld
so
Delicious
a
Meat
;
The
other
,
that
they
come
vp
so
bastily
;
As
in
a
Night
;
And
yet
they
are
Vnsowne
.
And
therefore
,
such
as
are
Vpstarts
in
State
,
they
call
,
in
reproch
,
Mushromes
.
It
must
needs
bee
therefore
,
that
they
be
made
of
much
Moisture
;
And
that
Moisture
Fat
,
Grosse
,
and
yet
somewhat
Concocted
.
And
(
indeed
)
we
finde
,
that
Mushromes
cause
the
Accident
,
which
we
call
Incubus
,
or
the
Mare
,
in
the
Stomacke
.
And
therefore
the
Surfet
of
them
may
Suffocate
,
and
Empoyson
.
And
this
sheweth
,
that
they
are
Windy
;
And
that
Windinesse
is
Grosse
,
and
Swelling
;
Not
Sharpe
,
or
Griping
.
And
vpon
the
same
reason
Mushromes
are
a
venereous
Meat
.
It
is
reported
,
that
the
Barke
of
White
,
or
Red
Poplar
,
(
which
are
of
the
Moistest
of
Trees
,
)
cut
small
,
and
cast
into
Furrowes
well
dunged
,
will
cause
the
Ground
to
put
forth
Mushromes
,
at
all
Seasons
of
the
Yeare
,
fit
to
be
eaten
.
Some
adde
to
the
Mixture
Leanen
of
Bread
,
resolued
in
Water
.
It
is
reported
,
that
if
a
Hilly-Field
,
where
the
Stubble
is
standing
,
bee
set
on
Fire
,
in
a
Showry
Season
,
it
will
put
forth
great
Store
of
Mushromes
.
It
is
reported
,
that
Harts-Horne
,
Shauen
,
or
in
Small
Peeces
,
mixed
with
Dung
,
and
watred
,
putteth
vp
Mushromes
.
And
we
know
Harts-Horne
is
of
a
Fat
and
Clammy
Substance
:
And
it
may
be
Oxe-Horne
would
doe
the
like
.
It
hath
beene
reported
,
though
it
be
searce
credible
,
that
Iuy
hath
growne
out
of
a
Stags-Horne
;
Which
they
suppose
,
did
rather
come
from
a
Confrication
of
the
Horne
vpon
the
Iuy
than
from
the
Horne
it selfe
.
There
is
not
knowne
any
Substance
,
but
Earth
,
and
the
Procedures
of
Earth
,
(
as
Tile
,
Stone
,
&c.
)
that
yeeldeth
any
Mosse
,
or
Herby
Substance
.
There
may
be
Trial
made
of
some
Seeds
,
as
that
of
Fennel-Seed
,
Mustard
Seed
,
and
Rape-Seed
,
put
into
some
little
Holes
,
made
in
the
Hornes
of
Stags
,
or
Oxen
,
to
see
if
they
will
grow
.
There
is
also
another
Vnperfect
Plant
,
that
(
in
shew
)
is
like
a
great
Mushrome
:
And
it
is
sometimes
as
broad
as
ones
Hat
;
Which
they
call
a
Toads-Stoole
:
But
it
is
not
Esculent
;
And
it
groweth
(
commonly
)
by
a
dead
Stub
of
a
Tree
;
And
likewise
about
the
Roots
of
Rotten
Trees
:
And
therefore
seemeth
to
take
his
Iuyce
from
Wood
Putrified
.
Which
sheweth
,
by
the
way
,
that
Wood-Putrified
yeeldeth
a
franke
Moisture
.
There
is
a
Cake
,
that
groweth
vpon
the
Side
of
a
Dead
Tree
,
that
hath
gotten
no
Name
,
but
it
is
large
,
and
of
a
Chesnut
Colour
,
and
hard
,
and
pithy
;
Whereby
it
should
seeme
,
that
euen
Dead
Trees
forget
not
their
Putting
forth
;
No
more
than
the
Careasses
of
Mens
Bodies
,
that
put
forth
Haire
,
and
Nailes
,
for
a
Time
.
There
is
a
Cod
,
or
Bag
,
that
groweth
commonly
in
the
Fields
;
That
at
the
first
is
hard
like
a
Tennis-Ball
,
and
white
;
And
after
groweth
of
a
Mushrome
Colour
,
and
full
of
light
Dust
vpon
the
Breaking
:
And
is
thought
to
be
dangerous
for
the
Eyes
,
if
the
Powder
get
into
them
;
And
to
bee
good
for
Kibes
.
Belike
it
hath
a
Corrosiue
,
and
Fretting
Nature
.
There
is
an
Herb
called
Iewes-Eare
,
that
groweth
vpon
the
Roots
,
and
Lower
Parts
of
the
Bodies
of
Trees
;
Especially
of
Elders
,
and
sometimes
Ashes
.
It
hath
a
strange
Property
;
For
in
Warme-water
,
it
swelleth
,
and
openeth
extremely
.
It
is
not
greene
,
but
of
a
dusky
browne
Colour
.
And
it
is
vsed
for
Squinancies
,
and
Inflammations
in
the
Throat
;
Whereby
it
seemeth
to
haue
a
Mollifying
,
and
Lenifying
Vertue
.
There
is
a
Kinde
of
Spongy
Excrescence
,
which
groweth
chiefly
vpon
the
Roots
of
the
Laser-Tree
;
And
sometimes
vpon
Cedar
,
and
other
Trees
.
It
is
very
White
,
and
Light
,
and
Friable
:
Which
we
call
Agarick
.
It
is
famous
in
Physicke
for
the
Purging
of
Tough
flegme
.
And
it
is
also
an
excellent
Opener
for
the
Liuer
:
But
Offensiue
to
the
Stomack
;
And
in
Taste
it
is
,
at
the
first
,
Sweet
,
and
after
Bitter
.
We
finde
no
Super-Plant
,
that
is
a
Formed
Plant
,
but
Misseltoe
.
They
haue
an
idle
Tradition
,
that
there
is
a
Bird
,
called
a
Missel-Bird
,
that
feedeth
vpon
a
Seed
,
which
many
times
shee
cannot
disgest
,
and
so
expelleth
it
whole
with
her
Excrement
:
which
falling
vpon
a
Bough
of
a
Tree
,
that
hath
some
Rift
,
putteth
forth
the
Misseltoe
.
But
this
is
a
Fable
:
For
it
is
not
probable
,
that
Birds
should
feed
vpon
that
they
cannot
disgest
.
But
allow
that
,
yet
it
cannot
be
for
other
Reasons
:
For
First
,
it
is
found
but
vpon
certaine
Trees
;
And
those
Trees
beare
no
such
Fruit
,
as
may
allure
that
Bird
to
sit
,
and
feed
vpon
them
.
It
may
be
,
that
Bird
feedeth
vpon
the
Misseltoe-Berries
,
and
so
is
often
found
there
;
Which
may
haue
giuen
occasion
to
the
Tale.
But
that
which
maketh
an
End
of
the
Question
,
is
,
that
Misseltoe
hath
beene
found
to
put
forth
vnder
the
Boughes
,
and
not
(
onely
)
aboue
the
Boughes
:
So
it
cannot
be
any
Thing
that
falleth
vpon
the
Bough
.
Misseltoe
groweth
chiefly
vpon
Crab-Trees
,
Apple-Trees
;
sometimes
vpon
Hasses
;
And
rarely
vpon
Oakes
;
The
Misseltoe
whereof
is
counted
very
Medicinall
.
It
is
euer
greene
,
Winter
and
Summer
;
And
beareth
a
White
Glistering
Berry
:
And
it
is
a
Plant
,
vtterly
differing
from
the
Plant
,
vpon
which
it
groweth
.
Two
things
therfore
may
be
certainly
set
downe
:
First
,
that
Super-fatation
must
be
by
Abundance
of
Sap
,
in
the
Bough
that
putteth
it
forth
:
Secondly
,
that
that
Sap
must
be
such
,
as
the
Tree
doth
excerne
,
and
cannot
affimilate
;
For
else
it
would
goe
into
a
Bough
;
And
besides
,
it
seemeth
to
be
more
Fat
and
Vnctuous
,
than
the
Ordinary
Sap
of
the
Tree
;
Both
by
the
Berry
,
which
is
Clammy
;
And
by
that
it
continueth
greene
,
Winter
and
Summer
,
which
the
Tree
doth
not
.
This
Experiment
of
Misseltoe
may
giue
Light
to
other
Practises
.
Therefore
Triall
would
be
made
,
by
Ripping
of
the
Bough
of
a
Crab-Tree
,
in
the
Barke
;
And
Watring
of
the
Wound
euery
Day
,
with
Warme
Water
Dunged
,
to
see
if
it
would
bring
forth
Misseltoe
,
or
any
such
like
Thing
.
But
it
were
yet
more
likely
to
try
it
,
with
some
other
Watring
,
or
Anointing
,
that
were
not
so
Naturall
to
the
Tree
,
as
Water
is
;
As
Oyle
,
or
Barme
of
Drinke
,
&c.
So
they
be
such
Things
as
kill
not
the
Bough
.
It
were
good
to
try
,
what
Plants
would
put
forth
,
if
they
be
forbidden
to
put
forth
their
Naturall
Boughes
:
Poll
therefore
a
Tree
,
and
couer
it
,
some
thicknesse
,
with
Clay
on
the
Top
;
And
see
what
it
will
put
forth
.
I
suppose
it
will
put
forth
Roots
;
For
so
will
a
Cions
,
being
turned
downe
into
Clay
:
Therefore
,
in
this
Experiment
also
,
the
Tree
would
be
closed
with
somewhat
,
that
is
not
so
Naturall
to
the
Plant
,
as
Clay
is
.
Try
it
with
Leather
,
or
Cloth
,
or
Painting
,
so
it
be
not
hurtfull
to
the
Tree
.
And
it
is
certaine
,
that
a
Brake
hath
beene
knowne
to
grow
out
of
a
Pollard
.
A
Man
may
count
the
Prickles
of
Trees
to
be
a
kinde
of
Excrescence
;
For
they
will
neuer
be
Boughes
,
nor
beare
Leaues
.
The
Plants
that
haue
Prickles
,
are
Thornes
,
blacke
and
white
;
Brier
;
Rose
;
Limon-Trees
;
Crab-Trees
;
Goose-Berry
;
Berbery
;
These
haue
it
in
the
Bough
,
The
Plants
that
haue
Prickles
in
the
Leafe
,
are
;
Holly
;
Iuniper
;
Whin-bush
;
Thistle
;
Nettles
also
haue
a
small
Venemous
Prickle
;
So
hath
Borrage
a
small
prickle
,
but
harmelesse
.
The
Cause
must
be
Hasty
Putting
forth
;
Want
of
Moisture
;
And
the
Closenesse
of
the
Barke
;
For
the
Haste
of
the
Spirit
to
put
forth
,
and
the
Want
of
Nourishment
to
put
forth
a
Bough
,
and
the
Closenesse
of
the
Barke
,
cause
Prickles
in
Boughes
;
And
therefore
they
are
euer
like
a
Pyramis
,
for
that
the
Moisture
spendeth
after
a
little
Putting
forth
.
And
for
Prickles
in
Leaues
,
they
come
also
of
Putting
forth
more
Iuyce
into
the
Leafe
,
than
can
spread
in
the
Leafe
smooth
;
And
therefore
the
Leaues
otherwise
are
Rough
,
as
Borrage
and
Nettles
are
.
As
for
the
Leaues
of
Holly
,
they
are
Smooth
,
but
neuer
Plaine
,
but
as
it
were
with
Folds
,
for
the
same
Cause
.
There
be
also
Plants
,
that
though
they
haue
no
Prickles
,
yet
they
haue
a
Kinde
of
Downy
or
Veluet
Rine
,
vpon
their
Leaues
;
As
Rose
Campion
,
Stock-Gilly-Flowers
,
Colts-Foot
;
which
Downe
or
Nap
commeth
of
a
Subtill
Spirit
,
in
a
Soft
or
Fat
Substance
.
For
it
is
certaine
,
that
both
Stock-Gilly-Flowers
,
and
Rose-Campions
,
stamped
,
haue
beene
applied
,
with
successe
,
)
to
the
Wrests
of
those
that
haue
had
Tertian
,
or
Quartan
Agues
;
And
the
Vapour
of
Colts-Foot
hath
a
Sanatiue
vertue
,
towards
the
Lungs
;
And
the
Leafe
also
is
Healing
in
Surgery
.
Another
Kinde
of
Excrescence
is
an
Exudation
of
Plants
,
ioyned
with
Putrefaction
;
As
we
see
in
Oake-Apples
,
which
are
found
chiefly
vpon
the
Leaues
of
Oakes
;
And
the
like
vpon
Willowes
:
And
Countrey
People
haue
a
kinde
of
Prediction
,
that
if
the
Oake-Apple
,
broken
,
be
full
of
Wormes
,
it
is
a
Signe
of
a
Pestilent
Yeare
;
Which
is
a
likely
Thing
,
because
they
grow
of
Corruption
.
There
is
also
vpon
Sweet
,
or
other
Brier
,
a
fine
Tuse
,
or
Brush
of
Mosse
,
of
diuers
Colours
;
Which
if
you
cut
,
you
shall
euer
finde
full
of
little
white
Wormes
.
It
is
certaine
,
that
Earth
taken
out
of
the
Foundations
of
Vaults
and
Houses
,
and
Bottomes
of
Wells
,
and
then
put
into
Pots
,
will
put
forth
Sundry
Kindes
of
Herbs
:
But
some
Time
is
required
,
for
the
Germination
;
For
if
it
be
taken
,
but
from
a
Fathome
deepe
,
it
will
put
forth
the
First
Yeare
;
If
much
deeper
,
not
till
after
a
Yeare
,
or
Two
.
Experiments
in
Consort
,
touching
the
Producing
of
Perfect
P●ants
without
Seed
.
The
Nature
of
the
Plants
growing
out
of
Earth
so
taken
vp
,
doth
follow
the
Nature
of
the
Mould
it selfe
;
As
if
the
Mould
be
Soft
,
and
Fine
,
it
putteth
forth
Soft
Herbs
;
As
Grasse
,
Plantine
,
and
the
like
;
if
the
Earth
be
Harder
and
Courser
,
it
putteth
forth
Herbs
more
Rough
,
as
Thistles
,
Firres
,
&c.
It
is
Common
Experience
,
that
where
Alleyes
are
close
Grauelled
,
the
Earth
putteth
forth
,
the
first
yeare
,
Knot-grasse
,
and
after
Spire-grasse
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
the
Hard
Grauell
,
or
Pebble
at
the
first
Laying
,
will
not
suffer
the
Grasse
to
come
forth
vpright
,
but
turneth
it
to
finde
his
way
where
it
can
;
But
after
that
the
Earth
is
somewhat
loosened
at
the
Top
,
the
Ordinary
Grasse
commeth
vp
.
It
is
reported
,
that
Earth
,
being
taken
out
of
Shady
and
Watry
Woods
,
some
depth
,
and
Potted
,
will
put
forth
Herbs
of
a
Fat
and
Iuycy
Substance
;
As
Penny-wort
,
Purslane
,
Hausleeke
,
Penny-royall
,
&c.
The
Water
also
doth
send
forth
Plants
,
that
haue
no
Roots
fixed
in
the
Bottome
;
But
they
are
lesse
Perfect
Plants
,
being
almost
but
Leaues
,
and
those
Small
ones
;
Such
is
that
we
call
Duck-Weed
;
Which
hath
a
Leafe
no
bigger
than
a
Thyme-Leafe
,
but
of
a
fresher
Greene
,
and
putteth
forth
a
little
String
into
the
Water
,
farre
from
the
Bottome
.
As
for
the
Water-Lilly
,
it
hath
a
Root
in
the
Ground
,
And
so
haue
a
Number
of
other
Herbs
that
grow
in
Ponds
.
It
is
reported
by
some
of
the
Ancients
,
and
some
Moderne
Teftimony
likewife
,
that
there
be
some
Plants
,
that
grow
vpon
the
Top
of
the
Sea
;
Being
supposed
to
grow
of
some
Concretion
of
Slime
from
the
Water
,
where
the
Sunne
beateth
hot
,
and
where
the
Sea
stirreth
little
.
As
for
Alga
Marina
,
(
Sea-weed
,
)
and
Eryngium
(
Sea-Thistle
,
)
both
haue
Roots
;
but
the
Sea-weed
vnder
the
Water
,
the
Sea-Thistle
but
vpon
the
Shore
.
The
Ancients
haue
noted
,
that
there
are
some
Herbs
,
that
grow
out
of
Snow
,
laid
vp
close
together
,
and
Putrified
;
And
that
they
are
all
Bitter
;
And
they
name
one
specially
,
Flomus
,
which
wee
call
Moth-Mullein
It
is
certaine
,
that
Wormes
are
found
in
Snow
commonly
,
like
Earth-Wormes
;
And
therefore
it
is
not
vnlike
,
that
it
may
likewise
put
forth
Plants
.
The
Ancients
haue
affirmed
,
that
there
are
some
Herbs
,
that
grow
out
of
Stone
;
Which
may
be
,
for
that
it
is
certain
,
that
Toads
haue
been
found
in
the
Middle
of
a
Free-Stone
.
We
see
also
,
that
Flints
,
lying
aboue
Ground
,
gather
Mosse
;
And
Wall-Flowers
,
and
some
other
Flowers
,
grow
vpon
Walls
;
But
whether
vpon
the
Maine
Bricke
,
or
Stone
,
or
whether
out
of
the
Lime
,
or
Chinckes
,
is
not
well
obserued
;
For
Elders
and
Ashes
haue
beene
seene
to
grow
out
of
Steeples
:
But
they
manifestly
grow
out
of
Clefts
;
In
so
much
as
when
they
grow
big
,
they
will
disioyne
the
Stone
.
And
besides
it
is
doubtfull
,
whether
the
Mortar
it selfe
putteth
it
forth
,
or
whether
some
Seeds
be
not
let
fall
by
Birds
.
There
be
likewife
Rock-Herbs
;
But
I
suppose
those
are
,
where
there
is
some
Mould
,
or
Earth
.
It
hath
likewife
beene
found
,
that
great
Trees
growing
vpon
Quarries
,
haue
put
downe
their
Root
into
the
Stone
.
In
some
Mines
in
Germany
,
as
is
reported
,
there
grow
in
the
Bottome
Vegetables
;
And
the
Worke-Folkes
vse
to
say
,
they
haue
Magicall
Vertue
;
And
will
not
suffer
Men
to
gather
them
.
The
Sea-Sands
seldome
beare
Plants
.
Whereof
the
Cause
is
yeelded
,
by
some
of
the
Ancients
,
for
that
the
Sunne
exhaleth
the
Moisture
;
before
it
can
incorporate
with
the
Earth
,
and
yeeld
a
Nourishment
for
the
Plant.
And
it
is
affirmed
also
,
that
Sand
hath
(
alwayes
)
his
Root
in
Clay
;
And
that
there
be
no
Veines
of
Sand
,
any
great
depth
within
the
Earth
.
It
is
certaine
,
that
some
Plants
put
forth
for
a
time
,
of
their
owne
Store
,
without
any
Nourishment
from
Earth
,
Water
,
Stone
,
&c.
Of
which
Vide
the
Experiment
29.
It
is
reported
,
that
Earth
,
that
was
brought
out
of
the
Indies
,
and
other
Remote
Countries
,
for
Ballast
of
Ships
,
cast
vpon
some
Grounds
in
Italy
,
did
put
forth
Fortaine
Herbs
,
to
vs
in
Europe
not
knowne
;
And
,
that
which
is
more
,
that
of
their
Roots
,
Barkes
,
and
Seeds
,
con●used
together
,
and
mingled
with
other
Earth
,
and
well
Watred
with
Warme
Water
,
there
came
forth
Herbs
,
much
like
the
Other
.
Experiments
in
Consort
touching
Forr●●
Plants
.
Plants
brought
out
of
Hot
Countries
,
will
endeuour
to
put
forth
,
at
the
same
Time
,
that
they
vsually
do
in
their
owne
Climate
;
And
therfore
to
preserue
them
,
there
is
no
more
required
,
than
to
keepe
them
from
the
Iniury
of
Putting
backe
by
Cold.
It
is
reported
also
,
that
Graine
out
of
the
Hotter
Countries
translated
into
the
Colder
,
will
be
more
forward
,
than
the
Ordinary
Graine
of
the
Cold
Countrey
.
It
is
likely
,
that
this
will
proue
better
in
Graines
,
than
in
Trees
;
For
that
Graines
are
but
Annuall
;
And
so
the
Vertue
,
of
the
Seed
is
not
worne
out
;
Whereas
in
a
Tree
,
it
is
embased
by
the
Ground
,
to
which
it
is
Remoued
.
Many
Plants
,
which
grow
in
the
Hotter
Countries
;
being
set
in
the
Colder
,
will
neucrthelesse
,
euen
in
those
Cold
Countries
,
being
sowne
of
Seeds
,
ate
in
the
Spring
,
come
vp
and
abide
most
Part
of
the
Summer
;
As
we
finde
it
in
Orenge
,
and
Limon-Seeds
,
&c.
The
Seeds
whereof
,
Sowen
in
the
End
of
Aprill
,
will
bring
forth
Excellent
Sallets
,
mingled
with
other
Herbs
.
And
I
doubt
not
,
but
the
Seeds
of
Cloue-Trees
,
and
Pepper-Seeds
,
&c.
if
they
could
come
hither
Greene
enough
to
be
sowen
,
would
doe
the
like
.
There
be
some
Flowers
,
Blossomes
,
Graines
,
and
Fruits
,
which
come
more
Early
;
And
Others
which
come
more
Late
in
the
Yeare
.
Experiments
in
Consort
,
touching
the
Seasons
in
which
Plants
come
forth
.
The
Flowers
that
come
early
,
with
vs
,
are
;
Prime-Roses
,
Violets
,
Anemonies
,
Water-Daffadillies
,
Crocus
Vernus
,
and
some
early
Tulippa's
.
And
they
are
all
Cold
Plants
;
Which
therefore
,
(
as
it
should
seeme
,
)
haue
a
quicker
Perception
,
of
the
Heat
of
the
Sunne
Increasing
,
than
the
Hot
Herbs
haue
;
As
a
Cold
Hand
will
sooner
finde
a
little
Warmth
,
than
a
Hot.
And
those
that
come
next
after
,
are
Wall-Flowers
,
Cowflips
,
Hyacinths
,
Rosemary-Flowers
,
&c.
And
after
them
,
Pincks
,
Roses
,
Flowerdelnces
,
&c.
And
the
latest
are
Gilly-Flowers
,
Holly-oakes
,
Larkes-Foot
,
&c.
The
Earliest
Blossomes
are
,
the
Blossomes
of
Peaches
,
Almonds
,
Cornelians
,
Mezerions
,
&c.
And
they
are
of
such
Trees
,
as
haue
much
Moisture
,
either
Watrie
,
or
Oylie
.
And
therefore
Grocus
Vernus
also
,
being
an
Herbe
,
that
hath
,
an
Oylie
luyce
,
putteth
forth
early
.
For
those
also
finde
the
Sunne
sooner
than
the
Drier
Trees
.
The
Graines
are
,
first
Rye
and
Wheat
;
Then
Oats
and
Barley
;
Then
Pease
and
Beanes
.
For
though
Greene
Pease
and
Beanes
be
eaten
sooner
,
yet
the
Drie
Ones
,
that
are
vsed
for
Horse-Meat
,
are
ripe
last
;
And
it
seemeth
that
the
Fatter
Graine
commeth
first
.
The
Earliest
Fruits
are
,
Strawberries
,
Cherries
,
Gooseberries
,
Corrans
;
And
after
them
Early
Apples
,
Early
Peares
,
Apricots
,
Rasps
;
And
after
them
Damasins
,
and
most
Kinde
of
Plums
,
Peaches
,
&c.
And
the
latest
are
Apples
,
Wardens
,
Grapes
,
Nuts
,
Quinces
,
Almonds
,
Sloes
,
Brier-Berries
,
Heps
,
Medlars
,
Seruices
,
Cornelians
,
&c.
It
is
to
be
noted
,
that
(
commonly
)
Trees
that
ripen
latest
,
blossome
soonest
:
As
Peaches
,
Cornelians
,
Sloes
,
Almonds
,
&c.
And
it
seemeth
to
be
a
Worke
of
Prouidence
,
that
they
blossome
so
soone
;
For
otherwise
,
they
could
not
haue
the
Sunne
long
enough
to
ripen
.
There
be
Fruits
,
(
but
rarely
,
)
that
come
twice
a
Teare
;
as
some
Peares
,
Strawberries
,
&c.
And
it
seemeth
they
are
such
,
as
abound
with
Nourishment
;
Whereby
after
one
Period
,
before
the
Sunne
waxeth
too
weake
,
they
can
endure
another
.
The
Violet
also
,
amongst
Flowers
,
commeth
twice
a
Yeare
;
Especially
the
Double
White
;
And
that
also
is
a
Plant
full
of
Moisture
.
Roses
come
twice
,
but
it
is
not
without
Ca●ting
,
as
hath
beene
formerly
said
.
In
Muscbuia
,
though
the
Corne
come
not
vp
,
till
late
Spring
,
yet
their
Haruest
is
as
Early
as
Ours
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
the
Strength
of
the
Ground
is
kept
in
with
the
Snow
;
And
wee
see
with
vs
,
that
if
it
be
a
long
Winter
,
it
is
commonly
a
more
Plentifull
Teare
:
And
after
those
kinde
of
Winters
likewise
,
the
Flowers
,
and
Corne
,
which
are
Earlier
,
and
Later
,
doe
come
commonly
at
once
,
and
at
the
same
time
;
Which
troubleth
the
Husbandman
many
times
;
For
you
sh●ll
haue
Red
Roses
,
and
Damaske
Roses
,
come
together
;
And
likewise
the
Harnest
of
Wheat
and
Barley
.
But
this
happeneth
euer
,
for
that
the
Earlier
staieth
for
the
Later
;
And
not
that
the
Later
commeth
sooner
.
There
be
diuers
Fruit-Trees
,
in
the
Hot
Countries
,
which
haue
Blossomes
,
and
Young
Fruit
,
and
Ripe
Fruit
,
almost
all
the
Yeare
,
succeeding
one
another
.
And
it
is
said
,
the
Orenge
hath
the
like
with
vs
,
for
a
great
Part
of
Summer
;
And
so
also
hath
the
Figge
.
And
no
doubt
,
the
Naturall
Motion
of
Plants
,
is
to
haue
so
;
But
that
either
they
want
luyce
to
spend
;
Or
they
meet
with
the
Cold
of
the
Winter
:
And
therefore
this
Circle
of
Ripening
cannot
be
,
but
in
Succulent
Plants
,
and
Hot
Countries
.
Some
Herbs
are
but
Annuall
,
and
die
,
Root
and
all
,
once
a
Yeare
;
As
Borrage
,
Lettuce
,
Cucumbers
,
Muske-Melons
,
Bafill
,
Tobacco
,
Mustard-Seed
,
and
all
kindes
of
Corne
;
Some
continue
many
Yeares
;
As
Hyssope
,
Germander
,
Lanander
,
Fennell
,
&c.
The
Cause
of
the
Dying
is
double
;
The
first
is
the
Tendernesse
and
Weaknesse
of
the
Seed
,
which
maketh
the
Period
in
a
small
time
;
As
it
is
in
Borrage
,
Lettnce
,
Cucumbers
,
Corne
,
&c.
And
therefore
none
of
these
are
Hot.
The
other
Cause
is
,
for
that
some
Herbs
can
worse
endure
Cold
;
As
Basill
,
Tobacco
,
Mustard-Seed
.
And
these
haue
(
all
)
much
Heat
.
The
Lasting
of
Plants
is
most
in
those
that
are
Largest
of
Body
;
As
Oakes
,
Elme
,
Ches-Nut
,
the
Loat-Tree
,
&c.
And
this
holdeth
in
Trees
;
But
in
Herbs
it
is
often
contrary
;
For
borage
,
Colewort
,
Pompions
,
which
are
Herbs
of
the
Largest
Size
,
are
of
small
Durance
;
Whereas
Hyssope
,
Winter-Sauoury
,
Germander
,
Thyme
,
Sage
,
will
last
long
.
Experiments
in
Consort
touching
the
Lasting
of
Herbs
and
Trees
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
Trees
last
according
to
the
Strength
,
and
Quantitie
of
their
Sap
and
Iuyce
;
Being
well
munited
by
their
Barke
against
the
Iniuries
of
the
Aire
:
But
Herbs
draw
a
Weake
luyce
;
And
haue
a
Soft
Stalke
;
And
therefore
those
amongst
them
which
last
longest
,
are
Herbs
of
Strong
Smell
,
and
with
a
Sticky
Stalke
.
Trees
that
beare
Mast
,
and
Nuts
,
are
commonly
more
lasting
,
than
those
that
beare
Fruits
;
Especially
the
Moister
Fruits
:
As
Oakes
,
Beeches
,
Chesnuts
,
Wall-nuts
,
Almonds
,
Pine-Trees
,
&c.
last
longer
than
Apples
,
Peares
,
Plums
,
&c.
The
Cause
is
the
Fatnesse
and
Oylinesse
of
the
Sap
;
Which
euer
wasteth
lesse
,
than
the
more
Watry
.
Trees
,
that
bring
forth
their
Leaues
late
in
the
Yeare
,
and
cast
them
likewise
late
,
are
more
lasting
,
than
those
that
sprout
their
Leaues
Early
,
or
shed
them
betimes
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
the
late
Comming
forth
sheweth
a
Moisture
more
fixed
;
And
the
other
more
loose
,
and
more
easily
resolued
,
And
the
same
Cause
is
,
that
Wilde-Trees
last
longer
than
Garden-Trees
;
And
in
the
same
kinde
,
those
whose
Fruit
is
Acide
,
more
than
those
whose
Fruit
is
sweet
.
Nothing
procureth
the
Lasting
of
Trees
,
Bushes
,
and
Herbs
,
so
much
,
as
often
Cutting
:
For
euery
Cutting
causeth
a
Renouation
of
the
Iuyee
of
the
Plant
;
That
it
neither
goeth
so
farre
,
nor
riseth
so
faintly
,
as
when
the
Plant
is
not
Cut
:
Insomuch
as
Annuall
Plants
,
if
you
cut
them
seasonably
,
and
will
spare
the
vse
of
them
,
and
suffer
them
to
come
vp
still
young
,
will
last
more
Yeares
than
one
;
As
hath
beene
partly
touched
;
Such
as
is
Lettuce
,
Purslane
,
Cucumber
,
and
the
like
.
And
for
Great
Trees
,
we
see
almost
all
Ouer-growne-Trees
,
in
Church-yards
,
or
neare
Ancient
Buildings
,
and
the
like
,
are
Pollards
,
or
Dottards
,
and
not
Trees
at
their
full
Height
.
Some
Experiment
would
be
made
,
how
by
Art
to
make
Plants
more
Lasting
,
than
their
ordinary
Period
;
As
to
make
a
Stalke
of
Wheat
,
&c.
last
a
whole
yeare
.
You
must
euer
presuppose
,
that
you
handle
it
so
,
as
the
Winter
killeth
it
not
;
For
we
speake
onely
of
Prolonging
the
Naturall
Period
.
I
conceiue
,
that
the
Rule
will
hold
;
That
whatsoeuer
maketh
the
Herbe
come
later
,
than
at
his
time
,
will
make
it
last
longer
time
:
It
were
good
to
try
it
,
in
a
Stalke
of
Wheat
,
&c.
set
in
the
Shade
,
and
encompassed
with
a
Case
of
Wood
,
not
touching
the
Straw
,
to
keepe
out
Open
Aire
.
As
for
the
Preseruation
of
Fruits
,
and
Plants
,
as
well
vpon
the
Tree
,
or
Stalke
,
as
gathered
,
we
shall
handle
it
vnder
the
Title
of
Conseruation
of
Bodies
.
The
Particular
Figures
of
Plants
we
leaue
to
their
Descriptions
;
Experiments
in
Consort
touching
the
seuerall
Figures
of
Plants
.
But
some
few
Things
,
in
generall
,
we
will
obserue
.
Trees
and
Herbs
,
in
the
Growing
forth
of
their
Boughes
,
and
Branches
,
are
not
Figured
,
and
keep
no
Order
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
the
Sap
,
being
restrained
in
the
Rinde
,
and
Barke
,
breaketh
not
forth
at
all
;
(
As
in
the
Bodies
of
Trees
,
and
Stalkes
of
Herbs
.
)
till
they
begin
to
branch
;
And
then
,
when
they
make
an
Eruption
,
they
breake
forth
casually
,
where
they
finde
best
way
,
in
the
Barke
,
or
Rinde
.
It
is
true
,
that
some
Trees
are
more
scattered
in
their
Boughes
;
As
Sallow-Trees
,
Warden-Trees
,
Quince-Trees
,
Medlar-Trees
,
Limon-Trees
,
&c.
Some
are
more
in
the
forme
of
a
Pyramis
,
and
come
almost
to
todd
;
As
the
Peare-Tree
,
(
which
the
Critickes
will
haue
to
borrow
his
name
of
●●
,
Fire
,
)
Orenge-Trees
,
Firre-Trees
,
Service-Trees
,
Lime-Trees
,
&c.
And
some
are
more
spred
and
broad
;
As
Beeches
,
Hornebeame
,
&c.
The
rest
are
more
indifferent
.
The
Cause
of
Scattering
the
Boughes
,
is
the
Hasty
breaking
forth
of
the
Sap
;
And
therefore
those
Trees
rise
not
in
a
Body
of
any
Height
,
but
branch
neare
the
Ground
.
The
Cause
of
the
Pyramis
,
is
the
Keeping
in
of
the
Sap
,
long
before
it
branch
;
And
the
spending
of
it
when
it
beginneth
to
branch
,
by
equall
degrees
.
The
Spreading
is
caused
by
the
Carrying
vp
of
the
Sap
,
plentifully
,
without
Expence
;
And
then
putting
it
forth
speedily
,
and
at
once
.
There
be
diuers
Herbs
,
but
no
Trees
,
that
may
be
said
to
haue
some
kinde
of
Order
,
in
the
Putting
forth
of
their
Leaues
:
For
they
haue
Ioynts
,
or
Knuckles
,
as
it
were
Stops
in
their
Germination
;
As
haue
Gilly-Flowers
,
Pinckes
,
Fennell
,
Corne
,
Reeds
,
and
Canes
.
The
Cause
whereof
is
,
for
that
the
Sap
asoendeth
vnequally
,
and
doth
(
as
it
were
)
tire
and
stop
by
the
way
.
And
it
seemeth
,
they
haue
some
Closenesse
,
and
Hardnesse
in
their
Stalke
,
which
bindreth
the
Sap
from
going
vp
,
vntill
it
hath
gathered
into
a
Knot
,
and
so
is
more
vrged
to
put
forth
.
And
therefore
,
they
are
most
of
them
hollow
,
when
the
Stalke
is
dry
.
As
Fennell-Stalke
,
Stubble
,
and
Canes
.
Flowers
haue
(
all
)
exquisite
Figures
;
And
the
Flower-Numbers
are
(
chiefly
)
Fiue
,
and
Foure
;
As
in
Prime-Roses
,
Brier-Roses
,
Single
Muske-Roses
,
Single
Pinkes
,
and
Gilly-Flowers
,
&c.
which
haue
fiue
Leaues
:
Lillies
,
Flower-de-luces
,
Borage
,
Buglosse
,
&c.
which
haue
foure
Leaues
.
But
some
put
forth
Leaues
not
Numbered
;
But
they
are
euer
small
Ones
;
As
Mary-Golds
,
Trisoile
,
&c.
We
see
also
,
that
the
Sockets
,
and
Supporters
of
Flowers
,
are
Figured
;
As
in
the
Fiue
Brethren
of
the
Rose
;
Sockets
of
Gilly-Flowers
,
&c.
Leaues
also
are
all
Figured
,
Some
Round
,
Some
Long
;
None
Square
;
And
many
iagged
on
the
Sides
;
Which
Leaues
of
Flowers
seldome
are
.
For
I
account
the
Iagging
of
Pinkes
,
and
Gilly-Flowers
,
to
be
like
the
Inequality
of
Oake-leaues
,
or
Vine-leaues
,
or
the
like
;
But
they
seldome
or
neuer
haue
any
small
Purles
.
Of
Plants
,
Experiments
in
Consort
,
touching
some
Principal●
Differences
in
Plants
.
some
few
put
forth
their
Blossomes
before
their
Leaues
;
As
Almonds
,
Peaches
,
Cornelians
,
Black-Thorne
,
&c.
But
most
put
forth
some
Leaues
before
their
Blossomes
;
As
Apples
,
Peares
,
Plums
,
Cherries
,
White-Thorne
,
&c.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
those
,
that
put
forth
their
Blossomes
first
,
haue
either
an
Acute
and
Sharpe
Spirit
;
(
And
therfore
commonly
they
all
put
forth
earely
in
the
Spring
,
and
ripen
very
late
;
As
most
of
the
Particulars
before
mentioned
;
)
Or
else
an
Oyly
Iuyce
,
which
is
apter
to
put
out
Flowers
,
than
Leaues
.
Of
Plants
,
some
are
Greene
all
Winter
;
Others
cast
their
Leaues
.
There
are
Greene
a●l
Winter
;
Holly
,
Iny
,
Box
,
Firre
,
Eugh
,
Cypresse
,
Iuniper
,
Bayes
,
Rose-Mary
,
&c.
The
Cause
of
the
Holding
Greene
,
is
the
Close
and
Compact
Substance
of
their
Leaues
,
and
the
Pedicles
of
them
.
And
the
Cause
of
that
againe
,
is
either
the
Tough
and
Viscous
Iuyce
of
the
Plant
;
Or
the
Strength
and
Heat
thereof
.
Of
the
first
Sort
is
Holly
;
Which
is
of
so
Viscous
a
Iuyce
,
as
they
make
Bird-lime
of
the
Barke
of
it
.
The
Stalke
of
Iuy
is
Tough
,
and
not
Fragile
,
as
we
see
in
other
small
Twigs
dry
.
Firre
yeeldeth
Pitch
.
Box
is
a
fast
and
heauy
Wood
,
as
we
see
it
in
Bowles
.
Eugh
is
a
Strong
and
Tough
Wood
,
as
we
see
it
in
Bowes
.
Of
the
second
Sort
is
Iuniper
,
which
is
a
Wood
Odorate
,
and
maketh
a
hot
Fire
.
Bayes
is
likewise
a
Hot
and
Aromatical
Wood
;
And
so
is
Rose-Mary
for
a
Shrub
.
As
for
the
Leaues
,
their
Density
appeareth
,
in
that
,
either
they
are
Smooth
and
Shining
,
as
in
Bayes
,
Holly
,
Iuy
,
Box
,
&c.
Or
in
that
they
are
Hard
and
Spiry
,
as
in
the
rest
.
And
Triall
would
be
made
of
Grasting
of
RoseMary
,
and
Bayes
,
and
Box
,
vpon
a
Holly-Stocke
;
Because
they
are
Planes
that
come
all
Winter
.
It
were
good
to
try
it
also
with
Grafts
of
other
Trees
,
either
Fruit-Trees
,
or
Wilde-Trees
;
To
see
whether
they
will
not
yeeld
their
Fruit
,
or
beare
their
Leaues
,
later
,
and
longer
in
the
Winter
;
because
the
Sap
of
the
Holly
putteth
forth
most
in
the
Winter
.
It
may
be
also
a
Mexerion-Tree
,
grafted
vpon
a
Holly
,
will
proue
both
an
Earlier
,
and
a
Greater
Tree
.
There
be
some
Plants
,
that
beare
no
Flower
,
and
yet
beare
Fruit
:
There
be
some
,
that
beare
Flowers
,
and
no
Fruit
:
There
be
some
that
beare
neither
Flowers
,
nor
Fruit.
Most
of
the
great
Timber-Trees
,
(
as
Oakes
,
Beeches
,
&c.
)
beare
not
apparent
Flowers
:
Some
few
(
likewise
)
of
the
Fruit-Trees
;
As
Mulberry
,
Wall-unt
,
&c.
And
some
Shrubs
,
(
as
Iuniper
,
Holly
,
&c.
)
beare
no
Flowers
.
Diuers
Herbs
also
beare
Seeds
,
(
which
is
as
the
Fruit
,
)
and
yet
beare
no
Flowers
;
As
Parslane
,
&c.
Those
that
beare
Flowers
and
no
Fruit
,
are
few
;
At
the
Double
Cherry
,
the
Sallow
,
&c.
But
for
the
Cherry
,
it
is
doubtfull
,
whether
it
be
not
by
Art
,
or
Culture
;
For
if
it
be
by
Art
,
then
Triall
would
be
made
,
whether
Apples
,
and
other
Fruits
Blossomes
,
may
not
be
doubled
.
There
are
some
Few
,
that
beare
neither
Fruit
,
nor
Flower
;
As
the
Elme
,
the
Poplers
,
Box
,
Brakes
,
&c.
There
be
some
Plants
,
that
shoot
still
vpwards
,
and
can
Support
themselues
;
As
the
greatest
Part
of
Trees
and
Plants
:
There
be
some
Other
,
that
Creepe
along
the
Ground
;
Or
Winde
about
other
Trees
,
or
Props
,
and
cannot
support
themselues
;
As
Vines
,
Iuy
,
Briar
,
Briony
,
Woodbines
,
Hop
's
,
Climatis
,
Camomill
,
&c.
The
Cause
is
,
(
as
hath
beene
partly
touched
,
)
for
that
all
Plants
,
(
naturally
)
moue
vpwards
;
But
if
the
Sap
put
vp
too
fast
,
it
maketh
a
slender
Stalks
,
which
will
not
support
the
weight
:
And
therefore
these
latter
Sort
are
all
Swift
and
Hasty
Commers
.
The
first
and
most
Ordinary
Holpe
is
Stercoration
.
Experiments
in
Consort
touching
all
Manner
of
Composts
,
and
Helps
of
Ground
.
The
Sheeps-Dung
is
one
of
the
best
;
And
next
,
the
Dung
of
Kine
:
And
thirdly
,
that
of
Horses
:
Which
is
held
to
be
somewhat
too
hot
,
vnlesse
it
be
mingled
.
That
of
Pigeons
for
a
Garden
,
or
a
small
Quantity
of
Ground
,
excelleth
.
The
Ordering
of
Dung
is
;
If
the
Ground
be
Arable
,
to
spread
it
immediately
before
the
Plonghing
and
Sowing
;
And
so
to
Plough
it
in
:
For
if
you
spread
it
long
before
,
the
Sunne
will
draw
out
much
of
the
Fatnesse
of
the
Dung
:
If
the
Ground
be
Grazing
Ground
,
to
spread
it
somewhat
late
,
towards
Winter
;
That
the
Sunne
may
haue
the
lesse
Power
to
dry
it
vp
.
As
for
speciall
Composts
for
Gardens
,
(
as
a
Hot
Bed
,
&c.
)
we
haue
handled
them
before
.
The
Second
Kind
of
Compost
,
is
,
the
Spreading
of
diuers
Kinds
of
Earths
;
As
Marle
,
Chalke
,
Sea-Sand
,
Earth
vpon
Earth
,
Pond-Earth
;
And
the
Mixtures
of
them
.
Marle
is
thought
to
be
the
best
;
As
hauing
most
Fatnesse
;
And
not
Heating
the
Ground
too
much
.
The
next
is
Sea-Sand
;
Which
(
no
doubt
)
obtaineth
a
speciall
Vertue
,
by
the
Salt
:
For
Salt
is
the
first
Rudiment
of
life
.
Chalke
ouer
heateth
the
Ground
a
little
.
And
therfore
is
best
vpon
Gold
Clay-Grounds
,
or
Moist
Grounds
:
But
I
heard
a
great
Husband
say
,
that
it
was
a
common
Errour
,
to
thinke
that
Chalke
helpeth
Arable
Grounds
,
but
helpeth
not
Grazing
Grounds
;
Wheras
(
indeed
)
it
helpeth
,
Grasse
,
as
well
as
Corne
:
But
that
which
breedeth
the
Errour
is
,
because
after
the
Chalking
of
the
Ground
,
they
weare
it
out
with
many
Crops
,
without
Rest
;
And
then
(
indeed
)
afterwards
it
will
beare
little
Grasse
,
because
the
Gound
is
tired
out
.
It
were
good
to
try
the
laying
of
Chalke
vpon
Arable
Grounds
,
a
little
while
before
Ploughing
;
And
to
Plough
it
in
,
as
they
doe
the
Dung
;
But
then
it
must
be
Friable
first
,
by
Raine
,
or
Lying
:
As
for
Earth
,
it
Copasseth
it Selfe
;
For
I
knew
a
Great
Garden
,
that
had
a
Field
(
in
a
manner
)
powred
vpon
it
;
And
it
did
beare
Fruit
excellently
the
first
yeare
of
the
Planting
:
For
the
Surface
of
the
Earth
is
euer
the
Fruitfullest
.
And
Earth
so
prepared
hath
a
double
Surface
.
But
it
is
true
,
as
I
con●eiue
,
that
such
Earth
,
as
hath
Salt-Petre
bred
in
it
,
if
you
can
procure
it
without
too
much
charge
,
doth
excell
.
The
way
to
hasten
the
Breeding
of
Salt-Petre
,
is
to
forbid
the
Sunne
,
and
the
Growth
of
Vegetables
,
And
therefore
,
if
you
make
a
large
Houell
,
thatched
,
ouer
some
Quantity
of
Ground
;
Nay
if
you
doe
but
Plancke
the
Ground
ouer
,
it
will
breed
Salt-petre
.
As
for
Pond-Earth
,
or
Riuer-Earth
,
it
is
a
very
good
Compost
;
Especially
if
the
Pond
haue
beene
long
vncleansed
,
and
so
the
Water
be
not
too
Hungry
:
And
I
iudge
it
will
be
yet
better
,
if
there
be
some
Mixture
of
Chalke
.
The
Third
Helpe
of
Ground
,
is
,
by
some
other
Substances
,
that
haue
a
Vertue
to
make
Ground
Fertile
;
though
they
be
not
meerely
Earth
:
wherin
Ashes
excell
;
In
so
much
as
the
Countries
about
AEtna
,
and
Vesuuius
,
haue
a
kinde
of
Amends
made
them
,
for
the
Mischiefe
the
Eruptions
(
many
times
)
doe
,
by
the
exceeding
Fruit
fulnesse
of
the
Soyle
,
caused
by
the
Ashes
,
scattered
about
.
Soot
also
,
though
thinne
spred
,
in
a
Field
,
or
Garden
,
is
tried
to
be
a
very
good
Compost
.
For
Salt
,
it
is
too
Costly
:
But
it
is
tryed
,
that
mingled
with
Seed-Corne
,
and
sowen
together
,
it
doth
good
:
And
I
am
of
Opinion
,
that
Chalke
in
Powder
,
mingled
with
Seed-Corne
,
would
doe
good
;
Perhaps
as
much
as
Chalking
the
Ground
all
ouer
.
As
for
the
Steeping
of
the
Seeds
,
in
seuerall
Mixtures
with
Water
,
to
giue
them
Vigour
;
Or
Watring
Grounds
with
Compost-Water
;
We
haue
spoken
of
them
before
.
The
Fourth
Helpe
of
Ground
,
is
,
the
Suffering
of
Vegetables
to
dye
into
the
Ground
;
And
so
to
Fatten
it
;
As
the
Stubble
of
Corne
,
Especially
PeaseBrakes
cast
vpon
the
Ground
,
in
the
Beginning
of
Winter
,
will
make
it
very
Fruitfull
.
It
were
good
(
also
)
to
try
,
whether
Leaues
of
Trees
swept
together
,
with
some
Chalke
and
Dung
mixed
,
to
giue
them
more
Heart
,
would
not
make
a
good
Compost
:
For
there
is
nothing
lost
,
so
much
as
Leaues
of
Trees
;
And
as
they
lye
scattered
,
and
without
Mixture
,
they
rather
make
the
Ground
soure
,
than
otherwise
.
The
Fifth
Helpe
of
Ground
,
is
Heat
and
Warmth
.
It
hath
beene
anci●●●●●
practised
to
burne
Heath
,
and
Ling
,
and
Sedge
,
with
the
vantage
of
〈◊〉
Wind
,
vpon
the
Ground
:
Wee
see
,
that
Warmth
of
Walls
and
Enclo●●●es
,
mendeth
Ground
:
We
see
also
that
Lying
open
to
the
South
,
men●●th
Ground
:
We
see
againe
,
that
the
Foldings
of
Sheepe
helpe
Ground
.
〈…〉
ll
by
their
Warmth
,
as
by
their
Compost
:
And
it
may
be
doubted
,
●●●ther
the
Couering
of
the
Ground
with
Brakes
,
in
the
Beginning
of
the
Winter
,
(
where
of
we
spake
in
the
last
Experiment
,
)
helpeth
it
not
,
by
reaso●
of
the
Warmth
.
Nay
some
very
good
Husbands
doe
suspect
,
that
the
Gathering
vp
of
Flints
,
in
Flinty
Ground
,
and
Laying
them
on
Heapes
,
(
which
is
much
vsed
,
)
is
no
good
Husbandry
;
For
that
they
would
keep
the
Ground
Warme
.
The
Sixth
Helpe
of
Ground
is
,
by
Watering
,
and
Irrigation
;
which
is
in
two
Munners
:
The
one
by
Letting
in
,
and
Shutti
gout
Waters
,
at
seasonable
Tunes
:
For
Water
,
at
some
Seasons
,
and
with
reasonable
dry
,
deth
good
;
But
at
some
other
Seasons
,
and
with
too
long
Stay
,
doth
●●●
.
And
this
serueth
onely
for
Meadowes
,
which
are
along
some
Rtuer
.
The
other
way
is
,
to
bring
Water
,
from
some
Hanging
Grounds
,
where
there
are
Springs
,
into
the
Lower
Grounds
,
carrying
it
in
some
●●●
Furrowes
;
And
from
those
Furrowes
,
drawing
it
trauerse
to
spread
the
Water
.
And
this
maketh
an
excellent
Improuement
,
both
for
Corne
,
and
Grasse
.
It
is
the
richer
,
if
those
Hanging
Grounds
be
fruitfull
,
because
it
washeth
off
some
of
the
Fatnesse
of
the
Earth
:
But
howsoeuer
it
profiteth
much
.
Generally
,
where
there
are
great
Ouerflowes
,
in
Fens
,
or
the
like
,
the
drowning
of
them
in
the
Winter
,
maketh
the
Summer
following
more
fruitfull
:
The
Cause
may
be
,
for
that
it
keepeth
the
Ground
warme
,
and
nourisheth
it
:
But
the
Fen-Men
hold
,
that
the
Sewers
must
be
kept
so
,
as
the
Water
may
not
stay
too
long
in
the
Spring
,
til
the
Weeds
and
Sedge
be
growne
vp
;
For
then
the
Ground
will
be
like
a
Wood
,
which
keepeth
out
the
Sunne
;
And
so
continueth
the
Wet
;
Whereby
it
will
peuer
graze
(
to
purpose
)
that
yeare
.
Thus
much
for
Irrigation
.
But
for
Anoydances
,
and
Draynings
of
water
,
where
there
is
too
much
,
and
the
Helps
of
Ground
in
that
kinde
,
wee
shall
speake
of
them
in
another
Place
.
NATVRALL
HISTORIE
.
VII
.
Century
.
THe
Differences
betweene
Animate
and
Inanimate
Bodies
,
Experiments
in
Consort
,
touching
the
Assinities
,
and
Differences
,
betweene
Plants
and
Inanimate
Bodies
.
we
shall
handle
fully
vnder
the
Title
of
Life
,
and
Liuing
Spirits
,
and
Powers
.
We
shall
therefore
make
but
a
briefe
Mention
of
them
in
this
Place
.
The
Maine
Differences
are
two
.
All
Bodies
haue
Spirits
,
and
Pneumaticall
Parts
within
them
:
But
the
Maine
Differences
betweene
Animate
and
Inanimate
,
are
two
:
The
first
is
,
that
the
Spirits
of
Things
Animate
,
are
all
Continued
with
themselues
,
and
are
Branched
in
Veines
,
and
secret
Canales
,
as
Bloud
is
:
And
in
Liuing
Creatures
,
the
Spirits
haue
not
only
Branches
,
but
certaine
Cells
or
Seats
,
where
the
Principall
Spirits
doe
reside
,
and
whereunto
the
rest
doe
resort
:
But
the
Spirits
in
Things
Inanimate
are
shut
in
,
and
cut
off
by
the
Tangible
Parts
;
And
are
not
peruious
one
to
another
;
As
Aire
is
in
Snow
.
The
Second
Maine
Difference
is
,
that
the
Spirits
of
Animate
Bodies
,
are
all
in
some
degree
,
(
more
or
lesse
,
)
kindled
and
inflamed
;
And
haue
a
fine
Commixture
of
Flame
,
and
an
Aeriall
Substance
.
But
Inanimate
Bodies
haue
their
Spirits
no
whit
Inflamed
,
or
Kindled
.
And
this
Difference
consisteth
not
in
the
Heat
or
Coolenesse
of
Spirits
;
For
Cloues
and
other
Spices
,
Naphtha
and
Petroleum
,
haue
exceeding
Hot
Spirits
,
(
hotter
a
great
deale
than
Oyle
,
Wax
,
or
Tallow
,
&c.
)
but
not
Inflamed
.
And
when
any
of
those
Weake
and
Temperate
Bodies
come
to
be
Inflamed
,
then
they
gather
a
much
greater
Heat
,
than
others
haue
Vn-inflamed
;
besides
their
Light
,
and
Motion
,
&c.
The
Differences
,
which
are
Secondary
,
and
proceed
from
these
two
Radicall
Differences
,
are
;
First
,
Plants
are
all
Figurate
and
Determinate
,
which
Inanimate
Bodies
are
not
;
For
looke
how
farre
the
Spirit
is
able
to
Spread
and
Continue
it selfe
;
So
farre
goeth
the
Shape
,
or
Figure
;
And
then
is
determined
.
Secondly
,
Plants
doe
nourish
;
Inanimate
Bodies
doe
not
:
They
haue
an
Accretion
,
but
no
Alimentation
.
Thirdly
,
Plants
haue
a
Period
of
Life
;
which
Inanimate
Bodies
haue
not
.
Fourthly
,
they
haue
a
Succession
,
and
Propagation
of
their
Kinde
;
which
is
not
in
Bodies
Inanimate
.
The
Differences
betweene
Plants
,
and
Metalls
or
Fossiles
,
besides
those
foure
before
mentioned
,
(
For
Metalls
I
hold
Inanimate
,
)
are
these
:
First
,
Metalls
are
more
Durable
than
Plants
:
Secondly
,
they
are
more
Solid
and
Hard
:
Thirdly
,
they
are
wholly
Subterrany
;
Whereas
Plants
are
part
aboue
Earth
,
and
part
vnder
Earth
.
There
be
very
few
Creatures
,
that
participate
of
the
Nature
of
Plants
,
and
Metalls
both
;
Corall
is
one
of
the
Nearest
of
both
Kindes
:
Another
is
Vitrioll
,
for
that
is
aptest
to
sprout
with
Moisture
.
Another
speciall
Affinitie
is
betweene
Plants
and
Mould
or
Putrefaction
:
For
all
Putrefaction
(
if
it
dissolue
not
in
Arefaction
)
will
in
the
end
issue
into
Plants
,
or
Liuing
Creatures
bred
of
Putrefaction
.
I
account
Mosse
,
and
Mushromes
,
and
Agaricke
,
and
other
of
those
kindes
,
to
be
but
Moulds
of
the
Ground
,
Walls
,
and
Trees
,
and
the
like
.
As
for
Flesh
,
and
Fish
,
and
Plants
themselues
,
and
a
Number
of
other
things
,
after
a
Mouldinesse
,
or
Rottensesse
,
or
Corrupting
,
they
will
fall
to
breed
Wormes
.
These
Putrefactions
,
which
haue
Affinitie
with
Plants
,
haue
this
Difference
from
them
;
That
they
haue
no
Succession
or
Propagation
,
though
they
Nourish
,
and
haue
a
Period
of
Life
,
and
haue
likewise
some
Figure
.
I
left
once
,
by
chance
,
a
Citron
cut
,
in
a
close
Roome
,
for
three
Summer-Moneths
,
that
I
was
absent
;
And
at
my
Returne
,
there
were
grown
forth
,
out
of
the
Pith
cut
,
Tufts
of
Haires
,
an
Inch
long
,
with
little
blacke
Heads
,
as
if
they
would
haue
beene
some
Herbe
.
The
Affinities
and
Differences
betweene
Plants
and
Liuing
Creatures
,
Experiments
in
Consort
touching
the
Affinities
,
and
Differences
,
of
Plants
,
and
Liuing
Creatures
:
And
the
Consiners
and
●●●●●●●
of
them
are
these
that
follow
.
They
haue
both
of
them
Spirits
Continued
,
and
Branched
,
and
also
Inflamed
:
But
first
in
Liuing
Creatures
,
the
Spirits
haue
a
Cell
or
Seat
,
which
Plants
haue
not
;
As
was
also
formerly
said
:
And
secondly
,
the
Spirits
of
Liuing
Creatures
hold
more
of
Flame
,
than
the
Spirits
of
Plants
doe
.
And
these
two
are
the
Radicall
Differences
.
For
the
Secondary
Differences
,
they
are
as
follow
.
First
,
Plants
are
all
Fixed
to
the
Earth
;
Whereas
all
Liuing
Creatures
are
seuered
,
and
of
themselues
.
Secondly
,
Liuing
Creatures
haue
Locall
Motion
;
Plants
haue
not
.
Thirdly
,
Liuing
Creatures
nourish
from
their
Vpper
Parts
,
by
the
Mouth
chiefly
;
Plants
nourish
from
below
,
namely
from
the
Roots
.
Fourthly
,
Plants
haue
their
Seed
and
Seminall
Parts
vppermost
;
Liuing
Creatures
haue
them
lower-most
:
And
therefore
it
was
said
,
not
elegantly
alone
,
but
Philosophically
;
Homoest
Planta
inuerse
;
Man
is
like
a
Plant
turned
vpwards
;
For
the
Root
in
Plants
,
is
as
the
Head
in
Liuing
Creatures
.
Fifthly
,
Liuing
Creatures
haue
a
more
exact
Figure
than
Plants
.
Sixthly
,
Liuing
Creatures
haue
more
Diuersity
of
Organs
within
their
Bodies
,
and
(
as
it
were
)
Inward
Figures
,
than
Plants
haue
.
Seuenthly
,
Liuing
Creatures
haue
Sense
,
which
Plants
haue
not
.
Eighthly
,
Liuing
Creatures
haue
Voluntary
Motion
,
which
Plants
haue
not
.
For
the
Difference
of
Sexes
in
Plants
,
they
are
oftentimes
by
name
distinguished
;
As
Male-Piony
,
Female-Piony
;
Male-Rose-mary
,
FemaleRose
mary
;
Hee-Holly
,
Shee-Holly
;
&c.
but
Generation
by
Copulation
(
certainly
)
extendeth
not
to
Plants
.
The
nearest
Approach
of
it
,
is
between
the
Hee-Palme
,
and
the
Shee-Palme
;
which
,
(
as
they
report
,
)
if
they
grow
neare
,
incline
the
One
to
the
other
:
In
so
much
as
,
(
that
which
is
more
strange
,
)
they
doubt
not
to
report
,
that
to
keepe
the
Trees
vpright
from
Bending
,
they
tye
Ropes
,
or
Lines
,
from
the
one
to
the
other
,
that
the
Contact
might
be
enjoyed
by
the
Contact
of
a
Middle
Body
.
But
this
may
be
Faigned
,
or
at
least
Amplified
.
Neuerthelesse
,
I
am
apt
enough
to
thinke
,
that
this
same
Binarium
of
a
Stronger
and
a
Weaker
,
like
vnto
Masculine
and
Feminine
,
doth
hold
in
all
Liuing
Bodies
.
It
is
confounded
sometimes
;
As
in
some
Creatures
of
Putrefaction
,
wherein
no
Markes
of
Distinction
appeare
:
And
it
is
doubled
sometimes
;
As
in
Hermaphrodites
:
But
generally
there
is
a
Degree
of
Strength
in
most
Species
.
The
Participles
or
Consiners
betweene
Plants
and
Liuing
Creatures
,
are
such
chiefly
,
as
are
Fixed
,
and
haue
no
Locall
Motion
of
Remoue
,
though
they
haue
a
Motion
in
their
Parts
;
Such
as
are
Oysters
.
,
Cockles
,
and
such
like
.
There
is
a
Fabulous
Narration
,
that
in
the
Northerne
Countries
,
there
should
be
an
Herbe
that
groweth
in
the
likenesse
of
a
Lambe
,
and
feedeth
vpon
the
Grasse
,
in
such
sort
,
as
it
will
bare
the
Grasse
round
about
.
But
I
suppose
,
that
the
Figure
maketh
the
Fable
;
For
so
we
see
,
there
be
Bee-Flowers
,
&c.
And
as
for
the
Grasse
,
it
seemeth
the
Plant
,
hauing
a
great
Stalke
and
Top
,
doth
prey
vpon
the
Grasse
,
a
good
way
about
,
by
drawing
the
Iuyce
of
the
Earth
from
it
.
The
Indian
Fig
boweth
his
Roots
downe
so
low
,
Experiments
Pr●●●●●ous
touching
Plants
.
in
one
yeare
,
as
of
it selfe
it
taketh
Root
againe
:
And
so
multiplieth
from
Root
to
Root
;
Making
of
one
Tree
a
kinde
of
Wood.
The
Cause
is
the
Plenty
of
the
Sap
,
and
the
Softnesse
of
the
Stalke
,
which
maketh
the
Bough
,
being
ouerloaden
,
and
not
stiffely
vpheld
,
weigh
downe
.
It
hath
Leaues
,
as
broad
as
a
little
Target
,
but
the
Fruit
no
bigger
than
Beanes
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
the
Continuall
Shade
increaseth
the
Leaues
,
and
abateth
the
Fruit
;
which
neuerthelesse
is
of
a
pleasant
Taste
.
And
that
(
no
doubt
)
is
caused
,
by
the
Supplenesse
and
Gentlenesse
of
the
Iuyce
of
that
Plant
,
being
that
which
maketh
the
Boughes
also
so
Flexible
.
It
is
reported
by
one
of
the
Ancients
,
that
there
is
a
certaine
Indian
Tree
,
hauing
few
,
but
very
great
,
Leaues
,
three
Cubits
long
,
and
two
broad
;
And
that
the
Fruit
,
being
of
good
Taste
,
groweth
out
of
the
Barke
.
It
may
be
,
there
be
Plants
,
that
poure
out
the
Sap
so
fast
,
as
they
haue
no
leisure
,
either
to
diuide
into
many
Leaues
,
or
to
put
forth
Stalks
to
the
Fruit.
With
vs
Trees
(
generally
)
haue
finall
Leaues
,
in
comparison
.
The
Fig
hath
the
greatest
;
And
next
it
the
Vine
,
Mulberry
,
and
Sycamore
;
And
the
Least
are
those
of
the
Willow
,
Birch
,
and
Thorne
.
But
there
be
found
Herbs
with
farre
greater
Leaues
than
any
Tree
;
As
the
Burre
,
Gourd
,
Cucumber
,
and
Cole-wort
.
The
Cause
is
,
(
like
to
that
of
the
Indian
Fig
,
)
the
hasty
and
plentifull
Putting
forth
of
the
Sap.
There
be
three
Things
in
vse
for
Sweetnesse
;
Sugar
,
Honey
,
Manna
.
For
Sugar
,
to
the
Ancients
it
was
scarce
knowne
,
and
little
vsed
.
It
is
found
in
Canes
:
Quare
,
whether
to
the
first
Knuckle
,
or
further
vp
?
And
whether
the
very
Barke
of
the
Cane
it selfe
do
yeeld
Sugar
,
or
no
?
For
Honey
,
the
Bee
maketh
it
,
or
gathereth
it
;
But
I
haue
heard
from
one
,
that
was
industrious
in
Husbandry
,
that
the
labour
of
the
Bee
is
about
the
Wax
;
And
that
he
hath
knowne
in
the
beginning
of
May
,
Honey-Combs
empty
of
Honey
;
And
within
a
forthnight
,
when
the
Sweet
Dewes
fall
,
filled
like
a
Cellar
.
It
is
reported
also
by
some
of
the
Ancients
,
that
there
is
a
Tree
called
Occhus
,
in
the
Valleyes
of
Hyrcanis
,
that
distilleth
Honey
in
the
Mornings
.
It
is
not
vnlike
,
that
the
Sap
and
Teares
of
some
Trees
,
may
be
sweet
.
It
may
be
also
,
that
some
sweet
Iuyces
,
fit
for
many
vses
,
may
be
concocted
out
of
Fruits
,
to
the
Thicknesse
of
Honey
,
or
perhaps
of
Sugar
;
The
likeliest
are
Raisins
of
the
Sunne
,
Figs
,
and
Corrans
:
The
Meanes
may
be
enquired
.
The
Ancients
report
of
a
Tree
,
by
the
Persian
Sea
,
vpon
the
ShoreSands
,
which
is
nourished
with
the
Salt-Water
;
And
when
the
Tide
ebbeth
,
you
shall
see
the
Roots
,
as
it
were
,
bare
without
Barke
,
(
being
as
it
seemeth
corroded
by
the
Salt
,
)
&
grasping
the
Sands
like
a
Crab
;
Which
neuerthelesse
beareth
a
Fruit.
It
were
good
to
try
some
Hard
Trees
,
as
a
Seruice-Tree
,
or
Firre-Tree
,
by
setting
them
within
the
Sands
.
There
be
of
Plants
,
which
they
vse
for
Garments
,
these
that
follow
.
Hempe
;
Flax
;
Cotton
;
Nettles
,
(
whereof
they
make
Nettle-Cloth
;
)
Sericum
,
which
is
a
Growing
Silke
;
They
make
also
Cables
of
the
Barke
of
Lime-Trees
.
It
is
the
Stalke
that
maketh
the
Filaceous
Matter
,
commonly
;
And
sometimes
the
Downe
that
groweth
aboue
.
They
haue
,
in
some
Countries
,
a
Plant
of
a
Rosy
Colour
,
which
shutteth
in
the
Night
,
Openeth
in
the
Morning
,
and
Openeth
wide
at
Noone
;
which
the
Inhabitants
of
those
Countries
say
is
a
Plant
that
Sleepeth
.
There
be
Sleepers
enow
then
;
For
almost
all
Flowers
doe
the
like
.
Some
Plants
there
are
,
but
rare
,
that
haue
a
Mossy
or
Downy
Root
;
And
likewise
that
haue
a
Number
of
Threds
,
like
Beards
;
As
Mandrakes
;
wherof
Witches
and
Impostours
make
an
vgly
Image
,
giuing
it
the
Forme
of
a
Face
at
the
Top
of
the
Root
,
and
leaue
those
Strings
to
make
a
broad
Beard
downe
to
the
Foot
.
Also
there
is
a
Kinde
of
Nard
,
in
Creet
,
(
being
a
Kinde
of
Phu
)
that
hath
a
Root
hairy
,
like
a
Rough-Footed-Doues
foot
,
So
as
you
may
see
,
there
are
of
Roots
,
Bulbous
Roots
,
Fibrous
Roots
,
and
Hirsute
Roots
.
And
,
I
take
it
,
in
the
Bulbous
,
the
Sap
hasteneth
most
to
the
Aire
,
and
Sunne
:
In
the
Fibrous
,
the
Sap
dollghreth
more
in
the
Earth
,
and
therefore
putteth
downward
:
And
the
Hirsute
is
a
Middle
betweene
both
;
That
besides
the
Putting
forth
vpwards
,
and
downwards
,
putteth
forth
in
Round
.
There
are
some
Teares
of
Trees
,
which
are
kembed
from
the
Beards
of
Goats
:
For
when
the
Goats
bite
and
crop
them
,
especially
in
the
Mornings
,
the
Dew
being
on
,
the
Teare
commeth
forth
,
and
hangeth
vpon
their
Beards
:
Of
this
Sort
is
some
kinde
of
Ladanum
.
The
Irrigation
of
the
Plaine-Tree
by
Wine
,
is
reported
by
the
Ancients
,
to
make
it
Fruitfull
.
It
would
be
tried
likewise
with
Roots
;
For
vpon
Seeds
it
worketh
no
great
Effects
.
The
way
to
carry
Farraine
Roots
,
a
long
Way
,
is
to
vessell
them
close
in
Earthan
Vessells
.
But
if
the
Vessells
be
not
very
Great
,
you
must
make
some
Holes
in
the
Bottome
,
to
giue
some
Refreshment
to
the
Roots
;
Which
otherwise
(
as
it
seemeth
)
will
decay
,
and
suffocate
.
The
ancient
Cinnamon
,
was
,
of
all
other
Plants
,
while
it
grew
,
the
Dryest
;
And
those
Things
,
which
are
knowne
to
comfort
other
Plants
,
did
make
that
more
Sterill
:
For
in
Showers
it
prospered
worst
:
It
grew
also
amongst
Bushes
of
other
kindes
,
where
commonly
Plants
doe
not
thriue
:
Neither
did
it
loue
the
Sunne
:
There
might
be
one
Cause
of
all
those
Effects
;
Namely
,
the
sparing
Nourishment
,
which
that
Plant
required
.
Quare
how
farre
Cassia
,
which
is
now
the
Substitute
of
Cinnamon
,
doth
participate
of
these
Things
.
It
is
reported
by
one
of
the
Ancients
that
Cassia
when
it
is
gathered
,
is
put
into
the
Skins
of
Beasts
,
newly
fleyed
;
And
that
the
Skins
Corrupting
,
and
Breeding
Wormes
,
the
Wormes
doe
deuoure
the
Pith
and
Marrow
of
it
,
and
so
make
it
Hollow
;
But
meddle
not
with
the
Barke
,
because
to
them
it
is
bitter
.
There
were
,
in
Ancient
Time
,
Vines
,
of
farre
greater
Bodies
,
than
we
know
any
;
For
there
haue
beene
Cups
made
of
them
,
and
an
Image
of
Iupiter
.
But
it
is
like
they
were
Wilde-Vines
;
For
the
Vines
,
that
they
vse
for
Wine
,
are
so
often
Cut
,
and
so
much
Digged
and
Dressed
,
that
their
Sap
spendeth
into
the
Grapes
,
and
so
the
Stalke
cannot
increase
much
in
Bulke
.
The
Wood
of
Vines
is
very
durable
,
without
Rotting
.
And
that
which
is
strange
,
though
no
Tree
hath
the
Twigges
,
while
they
are
greene
,
so
brittle
,
yet
the
Wood
dryed
is
extreme
Tough
;
And
was
vsed
by
the
Captaines
of
Armies
,
amongst
the
Romans
,
for
their
Cudgells
.
It
is
reported
,
that
in
some
Places
,
Vines
are
suffered
to
grow
like
Herbs
,
spreading
vpon
the
Ground
;
And
that
the
Grapes
of
those
Vines
are
very
great
.
It
were
good
to
make
tryall
,
whether
Plants
that
vse
to
be
borne
vp
by
Props
,
will
not
put
forth
greater
Leaues
,
and
greater
Fruits
,
if
they
be
laid
along
the
Ground
;
As
Hops
,
l●y
,
Wood
bine
,
&c.
Quinces
,
or
Apples
,
&c.
if
you
will
keepe
them
long
,
drowne
them
in
Honey
;
But
because
Honey
(
perhaps
)
will
giue
them
a
Taste
Ouerlushious
,
it
were
good
to
make
Triall
in
Powder
of
Sugar
;
Or
in
Syrrup
of
Wine
onely
Boyled
to
Height
.
Both
these
would
likewise
be
tried
in
Orenges
,
Limons
,
and
Pomgranats
;
For
the
Powder
of
Sugar
,
and
Syrrup
of
Wine
,
will
serue
for
more
times
than
once
.
The
Conseruation
of
Fruit
would
be
also
tried
in
Vessells
,
filled
with
fine
Sand
,
or
with
Powder
of
Chalke
;
Or
in
Meale
and
Flower
;
Or
in
Dust
of
Oake-wood
;
Or
in
Mill.
Such
Fruits
,
as
you
appoint
for
Long
Keeping
,
you
must
gather
before
they
be
full
Ripe
;
And
in
a
Faire
and
Dry
Day
,
towards
Noone
;
And
when
the
Wind
bloweth
not
South
;
And
when
the
Moone
is
vnder
the
Earth
;
And
in
Decrease
.
Take
Grapes
,
and
hang
them
in
an
Empty
Vessell
,
well
Stopped
;
And
set
the
Vessell
,
not
in
a
Cellar
,
but
in
some
dry
Place
;
And
it
is
said
,
they
will
last
long
.
But
it
is
reported
by
some
,
they
will
keepe
better
,
in
a
Vessell
halfe
full
of
Wine
,
so
that
the
Grapes
touch
not
the
Wine
.
It
is
reported
,
that
the
Preseruing
of
the
Stalke
,
helpeth
to
preserue
the
Grape
;
Especially
if
the
Stalke
be
put
into
the
Pith
of
Elder
,
the
Elder
not
touching
the
Fruit.
It
is
reported
by
some
of
the
Ancients
,
that
Fruit
put
in
Bottles
,
and
the
Bottles
let
downe
into
Wells
vnder
Water
,
will
keepe
long
.
Of
Herbs
and
Plants
,
some
are
good
to
eat
Raw
;
As
Lettuce
,
Endiue
,
Purslane
,
Tarragon
,
Cresses
,
Cucumbers
,
Muske-Melons
,
Radish
,
&c.
Others
onely
after
they
are
Boyled
,
or
haue
Passed
the
Fire
;
As
Parsley
,
Clary
,
Sage
,
Parsnips
,
Turnips
,
Asparagus
,
Artichoakes
,
(
though
they
also
being
young
are
eaten
Raw
:
)
But
a
Number
of
Herbs
are
not
Esculent
at
all
;
As
Worme-wood
,
Grasse
,
Greeke-Corne
,
Centory
,
Hyssope
,
Lauender
,
Balme
,
&c.
The
Causes
are
,
for
that
the
Herbs
,
that
are
not
Esculent
,
do
want
the
two
Tastes
,
in
which
Nourishment
resteth
;
Which
are
,
Fat
,
and
Sweet
;
And
haue
(
contrariwise
)
Bitter
and
Ouer-strong
Tastes
,
or
a
Iuyce
so
Crude
,
as
cannot
be
ripened
to
the
degree
of
Nourishment
.
Herbes
and
Plants
,
that
are
Esculent
Raw
,
haue
Fatnesse
,
or
Sweetnesse
,
(
as
all
Esculent
Fruits
;
)
Such
are
Onions
,
Lettuce
,
&c.
But
then
it
must
be
such
a
Fatnesse
,
(
for
as
for
Sweet
Things
,
they
are
in
effect
alwayes
Esculent
,
)
as
is
not
Ouer-grosse
,
and
Loading
of
the
Stomach
;
For
Parsnips
and
Leeks
haue
Fatnesse
;
But
it
is
too
Grosse
and
Heauy
without
Boyling
.
It
must
be
also
in
a
Substance
somewhat
Tender
;
For
we
see
Wheat
,
Barley
,
Artichoakes
,
are
no
good
Nourishment
,
till
they
haue
Passed
the
Fire
;
But
the
Fire
doth
ripen
,
and
maketh
them
soft
and
tender
,
and
so
they
become
Esculent
.
As
for
Radish
,
and
Tarragon
,
and
the
like
,
they
are
for
Condiments
,
and
not
for
Nourishment
.
And
euen
some
of
those
Herbes
,
which
are
not
Esculent
,
are
notwithstanding
Poculent
;
As
Hop
's
,
Broome
,
&c.
Quare
what
Herbs
are
good
for
Drinke
,
besides
the
two
aforenamed
;
For
that
it
may
(
perhaps
)
ease
the
Charge
of
Brewing
,
if
they
make
Beere
to
require
lesse
Malt
,
or
make
it
last
longer
.
Parts
fit
for
the
Nourishment
of
Man
,
in
Plants
,
are
,
Seeds
,
Roots
,
and
Fruits
;
But
chiefly
Seeds
,
and
Roots
.
For
Leaues
,
they
giue
no
Nourishment
,
at
all
,
or
very
little
:
No
more
doe
Flowers
,
or
Blossomes
,
or
Stalkes
.
The
Reason
is
,
for
that
Roots
,
and
Seeds
,
and
Fruits
,
(
in
as
much
as
all
Plants
consist
of
an
Oyly
and
Watry
Substance
commixed
,
)
haue
more
of
the
Oyly
Substance
;
And
Leaues
,
Flowers
,
&c.
of
the
Watry
.
And
secondly
,
they
are
more
Concocted
;
For
the
Root
,
which
continueth
euer
in
the
Earth
,
is
still
Concocted
by
the
Earth
.
And
Fruits
,
and
Graines
,
(
we
see
)
are
halfe
a
yeare
,
or
more
,
in
Concocting
;
Whereas
Leaues
are
out
,
and
Perfect
in
a
Moneth
.
Plants
(
for
the
most
part
)
are
more
strong
,
both
in
Taste
,
and
Smell
,
in
the
Seed
,
than
in
the
Leafe
,
and
Root
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
in
Plants
,
that
are
not
of
a
Fierce
and
Eager
Spirit
,
the
Vertue
is
increased
by
Concoction
,
and
Maturation
,
which
is
euer
most
in
the
Seed
;
But
in
Plants
,
that
are
of
a
Fierce
and
Eager
Spirit
,
they
are
stronger
whilest
the
Spirit
is
enclosed
in
the
Root
;
And
the
Spirits
doe
but
weaken
,
and
dissipate
,
when
they
come
to
the
Aire
,
and
Sunne
;
As
we
see
it
in
Onions
,
Garlicke
,
Dragon
,
&c.
Nay
there
be
Plants
,
that
haue
their
Roots
very
Hot
,
and
Aromaticall
;
And
their
Seeds
rather
Insipide
;
As
Ginger
.
The
Cause
is
(
as
was
touched
before
,
)
for
that
the
Heat
of
those
Plants
is
very
Dissipable
;
which
vnder
the
Earth
is
contained
and
held
in
;
But
when
it
commeth
to
the
Aire
,
it
exhaleth
.
The
Iuyces
of
Fruits
are
either
Watry
,
or
Oyly
.
I
reckon
amongst
the
Watry
,
all
the
Fruits
out
of
which
Drinke
is
expressed
;
As
the
Grape
,
the
Apple
,
the
Peare
,
the
Cherry
,
the
Pomgranate
,
&c.
And
there
are
some
others
,
which
,
though
they
be
not
in
vse
for
Drinke
,
yet
they
appeare
to
be
of
the
same
Nature
;
As
Plummes
,
Serukes
,
Mulberries
,
Rasps
,
Orenges
,
Limons
,
&c.
And
for
those
Iuyces
,
that
are
so
fleshy
,
as
they
cannot
make
Drinke
by
Expression
,
yet
(
perhaps
)
they
may
make
Drinke
by
Mixture
of
Water
;
Poculaque
admistis
imitantur
vitea
Sorbis
.
And
it
may
be
Heps
and
Brier-Berries
would
doe
the
like
.
Those
that
haue
Oyly
Iuyce
,
are
;
Oliues
,
Almonds
,
Nuts
of
all
sorts
,
Pine-Apples
,
&c.
And
their
Iuyces
are
all
Inflammable
.
And
you
must
obserue
also
,
that
some
of
the
Watry
Iuyces
,
after
they
haue
gathered
Spirit
,
will
Burne
and
Enflame
;
As
Wine
.
There
is
a
Third
Kinde
of
Fruit
,
that
is
sweet
,
without
either
Sharpnesse
,
or
Oylinesse
:
Such
as
is
the
Fig
,
and
the
Date
.
It
hath
beene
noted
,
that
most
Trees
,
and
specially
those
that
beare
Mast
,
are
fruitfull
but
once
in
two
yeares
.
The
Cause
(
no
doubt
)
is
,
the
Expence
of
Sap
;
For
many
Orchard-Trees
,
well
Cultured
,
will
beare
diuers
yeares
together
.
There
is
no
Tree
,
which
besides
the
Naturall
Fruit
,
doth
beare
so
many
Bastard-Fruits
,
as
the
Oake
doth
:
For
besides
the
Acorne
,
it
beareth
Galls
,
Oake-Apples
,
and
certaine
Oake-Nuts
,
which
are
Inflammable
;
And
certaine
Oake-Berries
,
sticking
close
to
the
Body
of
the
Tree
,
without
Stalke
.
It
beareth
also
Misseltoe
,
though
rarely
.
The
Cause
of
all
these
may
be
,
the
Closenesse
and
Solidenesse
of
the
Wood
,
and
Pith
of
the
Oake
;
Which
maketh
seuerall
Iuyces
finde
seuerall
Eruptions
.
And
therefore
,
if
you
will
deuise
to
make
any
Super-Plants
,
you
must
euer
giue
the
Sap
Plentifull
Rising
,
and
Hard
Issue
.
There
are
two
Excrescences
,
which
grow
vpon
Trees
;
Both
of
them
in
the
Nature
of
Mushromes
:
The
one
the
Romans
called
Boletus
;
Which
groweth
vpon
the
Roots
of
Oakes
;
And
was
one
of
the
Dainties
of
their
Table
;
The
other
is
Medicinall
,
that
is
called
Agaricke
,
(
whereof
we
haue
spoken
before
,
)
which
groweth
vpon
the
Tops
of
Oakes
;
Though
it
be
affirmed
by
some
,
that
it
groweth
also
at
the
Roots
.
I
doe
conceiue
,
that
many
Exerescences
of
Trees
grow
chiefly
,
where
the
Tree
is
dead
,
or
faded
;
For
that
the
Naturall
Sap
of
the
Tree
,
corrupteth
into
some
Preternaturall
Substance
.
The
greater
Part
of
Trees
beare
Most
,
and
Best
,
on
the
Lower
Boughs
;
As
Oakes
,
Figs
,
Wall-Nuts
,
Peares
,
&c.
But
some
beare
Best
on
the
Top-Boughes
;
As
Crabs
,
&c.
Those
that
beare
best
below
,
are
such
,
as
Shade
doth
more
good
to
,
than
Hurt
.
For
generally
all
Fruits
beare
best
lowest
;
Because
the
Sap
tireth
not
,
hauing
but
a
short
Way
:
And
therefore
in
Fruits
spred
vpon
Walls
,
the
Lowest
are
the
Greatest
,
as
was
formerly
said
;
So
it
is
the
Shade
that
hindereth
the
Lower
Boughes
;
Except
it
be
in
such
Trees
,
as
delight
in
Shade
;
Or
at
least
beare
it
well
.
And
therfore
,
they
are
either
Strong
Trees
,
as
the
Oake
;
Or
else
they
haue
large
Leaues
,
as
the
Wallnut
and
Fig
;
Or
else
they
grow
in
Pyra●is
,
as
the
Peare
.
But
if
they
require
very
much
Sunne
,
they
beare
best
on
the
Top
;
As
it
is
in
Crabs
,
Apples
,
Plummes
,
&c.
There
be
Trees
,
that
beare
best
,
when
they
begin
to
be
Old
;
As
Almonds
,
Peares
,
Vines
,
and
all
Trees
that
giue
Mast.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
all
Trees
that
beare
Mast
,
haue
an
Oyly
Fruit
;
And
Young
Trees
haue
a
more
Watry
Iuyce
,
and
lesse
Concocted
;
And
of
the
same
kinde
also
is
the
Almond
.
The
Peare
likewise
,
though
it
be
not
Oyly
,
yet
it
requireth
much
Sap
,
and
well
Concocted
;
For
we
see
it
is
a
Heauy
Fruit
,
and
Solide
;
Much
more
than
Apples
,
Plummes
,
&c.
As
for
the
Vine
,
it
is
noted
,
that
it
beareth
more
Grapes
when
it
is
Young
;
But
Grapes
that
make
better
Wine
,
when
it
is
Old
;
For
that
the
Iuyce
is
better
Concocted
:
And
wee
see
that
Wine
is
Insflammable
;
So
as
it
hath
a
kinde
of
Oylinesse
.
But
the
most
Part
of
Trees
,
amongst
wich
are
Apples
,
Plummes
,
&c.
beare
best
when
they
are
Young
.
There
be
Plants
,
that
haue
a
Milke
in
them
,
when
they
are
Cut
;
As
Figs
,
Old
Lettuce
,
Sowe-Thistles
,
Spurge
,
&c.
The
Cause
may
be
an
Inception
of
Putrefaction
:
For
those
Milkes
haue
all
an
Acrimony
;
though
one
would
thinke
they
should
be
Lenitiue
.
For
if
you
write
vpon
Paper
,
with
the
Milke
of
the
Fig
,
the
Letters
will
not
be
seene
,
vntill
you
hold
the
Paper
before
the
Fire
,
and
then
they
wax
Browne
;
Which
sheweth
that
it
is
a
Sharpe
or
Fretting
Iuyce
:
Lettuce
is
thought
Poysonous
,
when
it
is
so
Old
,
as
to
haue
Milke
;
Spurge
is
a
kinde
of
Poyson
in
it Selfe
;
And
as
for
Sowe-Thistles
,
though
Coneyes
eat
them
,
yet
Sheepe
and
Cattell
will
not
touch
them
;
And
besides
the
Milke
of
them
,
rubbed
vpon
Warts
,
in
short
time
,
weareth
them
away
:
Which
sheweth
the
Milke
of
them
to
be
Corrosine
.
We
see
also
,
that
Wheat
,
and
other
Corne
sowen
,
if
you
take
them
forth
of
the
Ground
,
before
they
sprout
,
are
full
of
Milke
;
And
the
Beginning
of
Germination
is
euer
a
Kinde
of
Putrefaction
of
the
Seed
.
Euphorbium
also
hath
a
Milke
,
though
not
very
white
,
which
is
of
a
great
Acrimony
.
And
Saladine
hath
a
yellow
Milke
,
which
hath
likewise
much
Acrimony
;
For
it
cleanseth
the
Eyes
.
It
is
good
also
for
Cataracts
.
Mushromes
are
reported
to
grow
,
as
well
vpon
the
Bodies
of
Trees
,
as
vpon
their
Roots
,
or
vpon
the
Earth
:
And
especially
vpon
the
Oake
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
Strong
Trees
,
are
towards
such
Excresc●●ces
,
in
the
Nature
of
Earth
;
And
therfore
put
forth
Mosse
,
Mushromes
,
and
the
like
.
There
is
hardly
found
a
Plant
,
that
yeeldeth
a
Red
Iuyce
,
in
the
Blade
,
or
Eare
;
Except
it
be
the
Tree
that
beareth
Sanguis
Draconis
:
Which
groweth
(
chiefly
)
in
the
Island
Soquotra
:
The
Herb
Amaranthus
,
(
indeed
,
)
is
Red
all
ouer
;
And
Brasill
is
Red
in
the
Wood
:
And
so
is
Red
Sunders
.
That
Tree
of
the
Sanguis
Draconis
,
groweth
in
the
forme
of
a
Sugar-loafe
.
It
is
like
,
that
the
Sap
of
that
Plant
,
concocteth
in
the
Body
of
the
Tree
.
For
woe
see
that
Grapes
,
and
Pomegranats
,
are
Red
in
the
Iuyce
,
but
are
Greene
in
the
Teare
:
And
this
maketh
the
Tree
of
Sanguis
Draconis
,
lesser
towards
the
Top
;
Because
the
Iuyce
hasteneth
not
vp
;
And
besides
it
is
very
Astringent
;
And
therefore
of
Slow
Motion
.
It
is
reported
,
that
Sweet
Mosse
,
besides
that
vpon
the
Apple-Trees
,
groweth
likewise
(
sometimes
)
vpon
Poplars
;
And
yet
(
generally
)
the
Poplar
is
a
Smooth
Tree
of
Barke
,
and
hath
little
Mosse
.
The
Mosse
of
the
Larix
Tree
burneth
also
Sweet
,
and
sparkleth
in
the
Burning
,
Quaere
of
the
Mosses
of
Oderate
Trees
;
As
Cedar
,
Cypres
,
Lignum
Aloës
,
&c.
The
Death
that
is
most
without
Paine
,
hath
been
noted
to
be
,
vpon
the
Taking
of
the
Petium
of
Hemloche
;
which
in
Humanity
was
the
Forme
of
Execution
of
Capitall
Offenders
in
Athens
.
The
Poyson
of
the
Aspe
,
that
Cleopatra
vsed
,
hath
some
affinity
with
it
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
the
Torments
of
Death
are
chiefly
raised
by
the
Strife
of
the
Spirits
;
And
these
Vapours
quench
the
Spirits
by
Degrees
;
Like
to
the
Death
of
an
extreme
Old
Man
.
I
conceiue
it
is
lesse
Painfull
than
Opium
:
,
because
Opium
hath
Parts
of
Heat
mixed
.
There
be
Fruits
,
that
are
Sweet
before
they
be
Ripe
;
As
Mirabolanes
;
So
Reuuell-Seeds
are
Sweet
before
they
ripen
,
and
after
grow
Spicy
.
And
some
neuer
Ripen
to
be
Sweet
;
As
Tamarinds
,
Berberries
,
Crabs
,
Sloes
,
&c.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
the
former
Kinde
haue
●●●eh
and
subtill
Heat
,
which
causeth
Earely
Sweetnesse
;
The
latter
haue
a
Cold
and
Acide
Iuyce
,
which
no
Heat
of
the
Sunne
can
sweeten
.
But
as
for
the
Mirabelane
,
it
hath
Parts
of
Contrary
Natures
;
For
it
is
Sweet
,
and
yet
Astringont
.
There
bee
few
Herbes
that
haue
a
Salt
Taste
;
And
contrariwise
all
Bloud
of
Liuing
Creatures
hath
a
Saltnesse
:
The
Cause
may
be
,
for
that
Salt
,
though
it
be
the
Audiment
of
Life
,
yet
in
Plants
the
Originall
Taste
remaineth
not
;
For
you
shall
haue
them
Bitter
,
Sowre
,
Sweet
,
Biting
,
but
seldome
Salt
:
But
in
Liuing
Creatures
,
all
those
High
Tastes
may
happen
to
be
(
sometimes
)
in
the
Humours
,
but
are
seldome
in
the
Flesh
,
or
Substance
;
Because
it
is
of
a
more
Oyly
Nature
;
which
is
not
very
Susceptible
of
those
Tastes
;
And
the
Saltnesse
it selfe
of
Bloud
,
is
but
a
light
,
and
secret
Saltnesse
:
And
euen
among
Plants
,
some
doe
participate
of
Saltnesse
,
as
Alga
Marina
,
Sampire
,
Scorny-Grasse
,
&c.
And
they
report
,
there
is
,
in
some
of
the
Indian-Seas
,
a
Swimming
Plant
,
which
they
call
Salgazus
,
spreading
ouer
the
Sea
,
in
such
sort
,
as
one
would
thinke
it
were
a
Meadow
.
It
is
certaine
,
that
out
of
the
Ashes
of
all
Plants
,
they
extract
a
Salt
,
which
they
vse
in
Medicines
.
It
is
reported
by
one
of
the
Ancients
,
that
there
is
an
Herb
growing
in
the
Water
,
called
Lincostis
,
which
is
full
of
Prickles
:
This
Herbe
putteth
forth
another
small
Herbe
out
of
the
Leafe
;
which
is
imputed
to
some
Moisture
,
that
is
gathered
betweene
the
Prickles
,
which
Putrified
by
the
Sunne
,
Germinateth
.
But
I
remember
also
I
haue
seene
,
for
a
great
Rarity
,
one
Rose
grow
out
of
another
,
like
Honey-Suckles
,
that
they
call
Top
and
Top-gallants
.
Barley
,
(
as
appeareth
in
the
Malting
,
)
being
steeped
in
Water
three
dayes
,
and
afterwards
the
Water
drained
from
it
,
and
the
Barley
turned
vpon
a
dry
floare
,
will
sprout
,
halfe
an
Inch
long
at
least
:
And
if
it
be
let
alone
,
and
not
turned
,
much
more
;
vntill
the
Heart
be
out
.
Wheat
will
doe
the
same
.
Try
it
also
with
Pease
,
and
Beanes
.
This
Experiment
is
not
like
that
of
the
Orpin
,
and
Semper-Vine
;
For
there
it
is
of
the
old
Store
,
for
no
Water
is
added
;
But
here
it
is
nourished
from
the
Water
.
The
Experiment
would
be
further
driuen
:
For
it
appeareth
already
,
by
that
which
hath
beene
said
,
that
Earth
is
not
necessary
to
the
first
Sprouting
of
Plants
;
And
we
see
that
Rose-Buds
set
in
Water
,
will
Blow
:
Therefore
try
whether
the
Sprouts
of
such
Graines
may
not
be
raised
to
a
further
Degree
;
As
to
an
Herbe
,
or
Flower
,
with
Water
onely
;
Or
some
small
Commixture
,
of
Earth
:
For
if
they
will
,
it
should
seeme
by
the
Experiments
before
,
both
of
the
Malt
,
and
of
the
Roses
,
that
they
will
come
far
faster
on
in
Water
,
than
in
Earth
:
For
the
Nourishment
is
easilier
drawne
out
of
Water
,
than
out
of
Earth
.
It
may
giue
some
light
also
,
that
Drinke
infused
with
Flesh
,
as
that
with
the
Capon
,
&c.
will
nourish
faster
and
easilier
,
than
Meat
and
Drinke
together
.
Try
the
same
Experiment
with
Roots
,
as
well
as
with
Graines
:
as
for
Example
,
take
a
Turnip
,
and
steepe
it
a
while
,
and
then
dry
it
,
and
see
whether
it
will
sprout
.
Malt
in
the
Dren●bing
will
swell
;
And
in
such
a
manner
,
as
after
the
Putting
forth
in
Sprouts
,
and
the
drying
vpon
the
Keele
,
there
will
be
gained
at
least
a
Bushell
in
eight
,
and
yet
the
Sprouts
are
rubbed
off
;
And
there
will
be
a
Bushell
of
Dust
besides
the
Malt
:
Which
I
suppose
to
be
,
not
onely
by
the
loose
,
and
open
Laying
of
the
Parts
,
but
by
some
Addition
of
Substance
,
drawne
from
the
Water
,
in
which
it
was
steeped
.
Malt
gathereth
a
Sweetnesse
to
the
Taste
,
which
appeareth
yet
more
in
the
Wort.
The
Dulcoration
of
Things
is
worthy
to
be
tried
to
the
full
;
For
that
Dulcoration
importeth
a
degree
to
Nourishment
:
And
the
Making
of
Things
Inalimentall
,
to
become
Alimentall
,
may
be
an
Experiment
of
great
Profit
,
for
Making
new
Victuall
.
Most
Seeds
in
the
Growing
,
leaue
their
Huske
or
Rinde
about
the
Root
;
But
the
Onion
will
carry
it
vp
,
that
it
will
be
like
a
Cap
vpon
the
Top
of
the
Young
Onion
.
The
Cause
may
be
,
for
that
the
Skin
or
Huske
is
not
easie
to
breake
;
As
we
see
by
the
Pilling
of
Onions
,
what
a
Holding
Substance
the
Skin
is
.
Plants
,
that
haue
Curled
Leaues
,
doe
all
abound
with
Moisture
;
Which
commeth
so
fast
on
,
as
they
cannot
spread
themselues
Plaine
,
but
must
needs
gather
together
.
The
Weakest
Kinde
of
Curling
is
Roughnesse
;
As
in
Clary
,
and
Burre
.
The
Second
is
Curling
on
the
Sides
;
As
in
Lettuce
,
and
Young
Cabbage
:
And
the
Third
is
Folding
into
an
Head
;
As
in
Cabbage
full
growne
,
and
Cabbage-Lettuce
.
It
is
reported
,
that
Firre
,
and
Pine
,
especially
if
they
be
Old
and
Putrified
,
though
they
shine
not
,
as
some
Rotten
Woods
doe
,
yet
in
the
sudden
Breaking
they
will
sparkle
like
Hard
Sugar
.
The
Roots
of
Trees
doe
,
(
some
of
them
,
)
put
downwards
deepe
into
the
Ground
;
As
the
Oake
,
Pine
,
Firre
,
&c.
Some
spread
more
towards
the
Surface
of
the
Earth
;
As
the
Ash
,
Cypresse-Tree
,
Oline
,
&c.
The
Cause
of
this
latter
may
be
,
for
that
such
Trees
as
loue
the
Sunne
,
doe
not
willingly
descend
farre
into
the
Earth
;
And
therefore
they
are
(
commonly
)
Trees
,
that
shoot
vp
much
;
For
in
their
Body
,
their
desire
of
Approach
to
the
Sunne
,
maketh
them
spread
the
lesse
.
And
the
same
Reason
,
vnder
Ground
,
to
auoid
Recesse
from
the
Sunne
,
maketh
them
spread
the
more
.
And
wee
see
it
commeth
to
passe
in
some
Trees
,
which
haue
beene
planted
too
deepe
in
the
Ground
,
that
forloue
of
Approach
to
the
Sunne
,
they
forsake
their
first
Root
,
and
put
out
another
more
towards
the
Top
of
the
Earth
.
And
wee
see
also
,
that
the
Oliue
is
full
of
Oylie
Iuyce
;
And
Ash
maketh
the
best
Fire
;
And
Cypresse
is
an
Hot
Tree
.
As
for
the
Oake
;
which
is
of
the
former
sort
,
it
loueth
the
Earth
,
And
therefore
groweth
slowly
.
And
for
the
Pine
,
and
Firre
likewise
,
they
haue
so
much
Heat
in
themselues
,
as
they
need
lesse
the
Heat
of
the
Sunne
.
There
be
Herbs
also
,
that
haue
the
same
difference
;
As
the
Herbe
they
call
Morsus
Diaboli
;
Which
putteth
the
Root
downe
so
low
,
as
you
cannot
pull
it
vp
without
Breaking
;
Which
gaue
Occasion
to
the
N●me
,
and
●●●
;
For
that
it
was
said
,
it
was
so
wholesome
a
Root
,
that
the
Deuill
,
when
it
was
gathered
,
bit
●●
for
Enny
.
And
some
of
the
Ancients
doe
report
,
that
there
was
a
Goodly
Firre
;
(
which
they
desired
to
remoue
whole
,
)
that
had
a
Root
vnder
Ground
eight
Cubits
deepe
;
And
so
the
Root
came
vp
broken
.
It
hath
beene
obserued
,
tha●
a
Branch
of
a
Tree
,
being
Vnberked
some
space
at
the
Botome
,
and
so
set
into
the
Ground
,
hath
growen
;
Euen
of
such
Trees
,
as
if
the
Branch
were
set
with
the
Barke
on
,
they
would
not
grow
;
yet
co●●driwise
we
see
,
that
a
Tree
●ared
round
in
the
Body
,
aboue
Ground
,
will
die
.
The
Cause
may
be
,
for
that
the
Vnbarke
Part
draweth
the
Nourishment
best
,
but
the
Barke
continueth
it
only
.
Grapes
will
continue
Fresh
,
and
Moist
,
all
Winter
long
,
if
you
hang
them
,
Cluster
by
Cluster
,
in
the
Roofe
of
a
Warme
Roome
;
Especially
,
it
when
you
gather
the
Cluster
,
you
take
off
with
the
Cluster
some
of
the
Stocke
.
The
Reed
or
Cane
is
a
Watry
Plant
,
and
groweth
not
but
in
the
Water
;
It
hath
these
Properties
;
That
it
is
Hollow
;
That
it
is
Knuckled
both
Stalke
,
and
Root
;
That
being
Drie
,
it
is
more
Hard
and
Fragile
,
than
other
Wood
;
That
it
putteth
forth
no
Boughs
.
though
many
Stalkes
come
out
of
one
Root
.
It
differeth
much
in
Greatnesse
;
The
smallest
being
fit
for
Thatching
of
Houses
;
And
Stopping
the
Chinkes
of
Ships
;
Better
than
Glew
,
or
Pitch
.
The
Second
Bignesse
,
is
vsed
for
Angle-Rods
,
and
Staues
;
And
in
China
for
beating
of
Offenders
vpon
the
Thighs
.
The
differing
Kindes
of
them
are
;
The
Common
Reed
;
The
Cassia
Fistula
;
And
the
Sugar-Reed
.
Of
all
Blants
,
it
boweth
the
easiest
,
and
riseth
againe
.
It
seemeth
,
that
amongst
Plants
,
which
are
nourished
with
Mixture
of
Earth
and
Water
,
it
draweth
most
Nourishment
from
Water
;
which
maketh
it
the
Smoothest
of
all
others
in
Barke
;
And
the
Hollowest
in
Body
.
The
Sap
of
Trees
,
when
they
are
let
Bloud
,
is
of
differing
Natures
.
Some
more
Watry
and
Cleare
;
As
that
of
Vines
;
of
Beeches
;
of
Peares
.
Some
Thicke
;
As
Apples
.
Some
Gummis
;
As
Cherries
.
Some
Frathie
,
As
Elmes
.
Some
Milkie
;
As
●●●
In
Mulberries
,
the
Sap
seemeth
to
be
(
almost
)
towards
the
Barke
only
;
For
if
you
cut
the
Tree
,
a
little
into
the
Barke
,
with
a
Stone
,
it
will
come
forth
;
If
you
pierce
it
deeper
with
a
Toole
,
it
will
be
drie
.
The
Trees
,
which
haue
the
Moistest
Iuyces
in
their
Fruit.
haue
commonly
the
Moistest
Sap
in
their
Body
;
For
the
Vines
and
Peares
are
very
Moist
;
Apples
somes
hat
more
Spongie
:
The
Milke
of
the
Figge
hath
the
Qualitie
of
the
R●●nea●
,
to
gather
Cheese
;
And
so
haue
certaine
Sonre
Herbs
wherewith
they
make
Cheese
in
Lent
.
The
Timber
and
Wood
are
,
in
some
Trees
,
more
Cleane
,
in
some
more
Kn●●tie
:
And
it
is
a
good
Triall
.
to
trie
it
by
Speaking
at
one
End
,
and
Laying
the
●are
at
the
Other
:
For
if
it
he
Kn●●tie
,
the
Voice
will
not
passe
well
.
Some
haue
the
Veines
more
varied
,
and
chamlotted
;
As
Oake
,
whereof
Wainscat
it
made
;
Maple
,
whereof
Trenchers
are
made
.
Some
more
smooth
,
as
Firre
,
and
Walnnt
:
Some
doe
more
easily
breed
Wormes
and
Spiders
;
Some
more
hardly
,
as
it
is
said
of
Irish
Trees
:
Besides
,
there
be
a
Number
of
Differences
that
concerne
their
Vse
;
As
Oake
,
Cedar
,
and
Chesu●t
,
are
the
best
Builders
:
Some
are
best
for
Ploughs
Timber
;
As
Ash
;
Some
for
Peeres
,
that
are
sometimes
wet
,
and
sometimes
drie
;
As
Elme
:
Some
for
Planchers
;
As
Deale
:
Some
for
Tables
,
Cupboard
,
and
Desks
;
As
Wannts
:
Some
for
Ship
Timber
;
As
Oakes
that
grow
in
Moist
Grounds
;
For
that
maketh
the
Timber
Tough
,
and
not
apt
to
rift
with
Q●d●an●●
Where
in
English
and
Irish
Timber
are
thought
●●
excell
;
Some
for
Mosts
of
Ships
;
As
Firre
,
and
Pine
,
because
of
their
Length
,
Straightnesse
,
and
Lightnesse
:
Some
for
Pale
;
As
Oake
:
Some
for
Fuell
;
As
Ash
:
And
so
of
the
rest
.
The
Comming
of
Trees
and
Plants
in
certaine
Regions
,
and
net
in
others
,
is
sometimes
Casuall
:
For
many
haue
beene
translated
,
and
haue
prospered
well
;
As
Damaske-Roses
,
that
haue
not
beene
knowne
in
England
aboue
an
hundred
yeares
,
and
now
are
so
common
.
But
the
liking
of
Plants
in
certaine
Soiles
,
more
than
in
others
,
is
meerly
Naturall
;
As
the
Firre
and
Pine
loue
the
Mountaines
;
The
Poplar
;
Willow
,
Sallow
,
and
Alder
,
loue
Riuers
,
and
Moist
Places
:
The
Ash
loueth
Coppices
;
But
is
best
in
Standards
alone
:
luniper
loueth
Chalke
;
And
so
doe
most
Fruit-Trees
:
Sampire
groweth
but
upon
Rocks
:
Reeds
and
Ofiers
grow
where
they
are
washed
with
Water
:
The
Vine
loueth
Sides
of
Hills
,
turning
vpon
the
South-East
Sun
,
&c.
The
Putting
forth
of
certaine
Herbs
discouereth
of
what
Nature
the
Ground
where
they
put
forth
,
is
:
As
Wilde
Thyme
sheweth
good
Feeding
Ground
for
Cattell
,
Betony
and
Strawberries
shew
Grounds
fit
for
Wood
:
Ca●●●mill
sheweth
Mellow
Grounds
fit
for
Wheat
.
Mustard
Seede
,
growing
after
the
Plough
,
sheweth
a
good
Strong
Ground
also
for
Wheat
:
Burnet
sheweth
good
Meadow
:
And
the
like
.
There
are
found
,
in
diuers
Countries
,
some
other
Plants
,
that
grow
out
of
Trees
and
Plants
,
besides
Misseltes
:
As
in
Syria
,
there
is
an
Herbe
called
Cassytas
that
groweth
out
of
tall
Trees
,
and
windeth
it selfe
about
the
same
Tree
where
it
groweth
;
And
sometimes
about
Thornes
.
There
is
a
kinde
of
Polypode
,
that
groweth
out
of
Trees
,
though
it
windeth
not
.
So
likewise
an
Herbe
called
Fannes
,
vpon
the
Wilde
Oline
.
And
an
Herbe
called
Hippopha●●●●
vpon
the
Fullers
Thorne
;
Which
,
they
say
,
is
good
for
the
Falling
Sicknesse
.
It
hath
beene
ob●rerue●
,
by
●ome
or
the
Ancients
,
that
howsoeuer
Cold
and
Easterly
Winds
,
are
thought
to
be
great
Enemies
to
Fruit
;
yet
neuerthelesse
South
Winds
are
also
found
to
doe
Hure
;
Especially
in
the
Blossoming
time
;
And
the
more
,
if
Showers
follow
.
It
seemeth
,
they
call
forth
the
Moisture
too
fast
.
The
West
Winds
are
the
best
.
It
hath
beene
obserued
also
that
Greene
and
Open
Winters
doe
hurt
Trees
;
Insomuch
as
if
two
or
three
such
Winters
come
together
,
Almond-Trees
,
and
some
other
Trees
,
will
dye
.
The
Cause
is
the
same
with
the
former
,
because
the
Lust
of
the
Earth
ouerspendeth
it selfe
;
Howsoeuer
some
other
of
the
Ancients
haue
commended
Warme
Winters
.
Snowes
,
lying
long
,
cause
a
Fruitfull
Yeare
:
For
first
,
they
keepe
in
the
Strength
of
the
Earth
;
Secondly
,
they
water
the
Earth
,
better
than
Raine
;
For
in
Snow
,
the
Earth
doth
(
as
it
were
)
sucke
the
Water
,
as
out
of
the
Teate
.
Thirdly
,
the
Moisture
of
Snow
is
the
finest
Moisture
;
For
it
is
the
Froth
of
the
Cloudy
Waters
.
Showers
,
if
they
come
a
little
before
the
Ripening
of
Fruits
,
doe
good
to
all
Shoculent
and
Moist
Fruits
;
As
Vines
,
Oliues
,
Pomegranates
;
Yet
it
is
rather
for
Plenty
,
than
for
Goodnesse
;
For
the
best
Wines
are
in
the
Driest
Vintages
:
Small
Showers
are
likewise
good
for
Corne
,
so
as
Parching
Heats
come
not
vpon
them
.
Generally
,
Night-Showers
are
better
than
Day-Showers
;
For
that
the
Sunne
followeth
not
so
fast
vpon
them
.
And
we
see
,
euen
in
Watring
by
the
Hand
,
it
is
best
,
in
Summer
time
,
to
water
in
the
Euening
.
The
Differences
of
Earths
,
and
the
Triall
of
them
,
are
worthy
to
be
diligently
inquired
.
The
Earth
,
that
with
Showers
doth
easiliest
Soften
,
is
commended
;
And
yet
some
Earth
of
that
kinde
will
be
very
Dry
,
and
Hard
before
the
Showers
.
The
Earth
that
casteth
vp
from
the
Plough
,
a
Great
Clod
,
is
not
so
good
,
as
that
,
which
casteth
vp
a
Smaller
Clod.
The
Earth
,
that
putteth
forth
Mosse
easily
,
and
may
bee
called
Mouldy
,
is
not
good
.
The
Earth
,
that
smelleth
well
vpon
the
Digging
,
or
Ploughing
,
is
commended
;
As
containing
the
Iuyce
of
Vegetables
almost
already
prepared
.
It
is
thought
by
some
,
that
the
Ends
of
low
Raine-Bowes
,
fall
more
vpon
one
kinde
of
Earth
than
vpon
another
:
As
it
may
well
be
;
For
that
that
Earth
is
most
Roscide
:
And
therfore
it
is
commended
for
a
Signe
of
good
Earth
.
The
Poorenesse
of
the
Herbs
,
(
it
is
plaine
,
)
shew
the
Poorenesse
of
the
Earth
;
And
especially
if
they
be
in
Colour
more
darke
:
But
if
the
Herbs
shew
Withered
,
or
Blasted
at
the
Top
,
it
sheweth
the
Earth
to
be
very
Cold
:
And
so
doth
the
Mossinesse
of
Trees
.
The
Earth
,
whereof
the
Grasse
is
soone
Parched
with
the
Sun
,
and
Toasted
,
is
commonly
Forced
Earth
,
and
Barren
in
his
owne
Nature
.
The
Tender
,
Chessoine
,
and
Mellow
Earth
,
is
the
best
;
Being
meere
Mould
,
betweene
the
two
Extreames
of
Clay
,
and
Sand
;
Especially
if
it
be
not
Loamy
,
and
Binding
.
The
Earth
,
that
after
Raine
,
will
scarce
be
Ploughed
,
is
commonly
Fruitfull
;
For
it
is
Cleaning
,
and
full
of
Iuyce
.
It
is
strange
,
which
is
obserued
by
some
of
the
Ancients
,
that
Dust
helpeth
the
Fruitfulnesse
of
Trees
;
And
of
Vines
,
by
name
:
Insomuch
as
they
catt
Dust
vpon
them
of
purpose
.
It
should
seeme
,
that
that
Powdring
,
when
a
Shower
commeth
,
maketh
a
kinde
of
Soyling
to
the
Tree
,
being
Earth
and
Water
,
finely
laid
on
.
And
they
note
,
that
Countries
,
where
the
Fields
and
Wayes
are
Dusty
,
beare
the
best
Vines
.
It
is
commended
by
the
Ancients
,
for
an
Excellent
Helpe
to
Trees
,
to
lay
the
Stalks
and
Leaues
of
Lupines
about
the
Roots
;
Or
to
Plough
them
into
the
Ground
,
where
you
will
sowe
Corne.
The
Burning
also
of
the
Cuttings
of
Vines
,
and
Casting
them
vpon
land
,
doth
much
Good
.
And
it
was
generally
receiued
of
old
,
that
the
Dunging
of
Grounds
,
when
the
West
Wind
bloweth
,
and
in
the
Decrease
of
the
Moone
,
doth
greatly
helpe
;
The
Earth
(
as
it
seemeth
)
being
then
more
thirsty
,
and
open
,
to
receiue
the
Dung.
The
Grafting
of
Vines
vpon
Vines
,
(
as
I
take
it
,
)
is
not
now
in
vse
:
The
Ancients
had
it
,
and
that
three
wayes
:
The
First
was
Insition
,
which
is
the
Ordinary
Manner
of
Grafting
:
The
Second
was
Terebration
,
through
the
Middle
of
the
Stocke
,
and
Putting
in
the
Cions
there
:
And
the
Third
was
Paring
of
two
Vines
,
that
grow
together
,
to
the
Marrow
,
and
Binding
them
close
.
The
Diseases
and
ill
Accidents
of
Corne
,
are
worthy
to
be
enquired
;
And
would
be
more
worthy
to
be
enquired
,
if
it
were
in
Mens
Power
to
helpe
them
;
Whereas
many
of
them
are
not
to
be
remedied
.
The
Mildew
is
one
of
the
Greatest
;
which
(
out
of
question
)
commeth
by
Closenesse
of
Aire
;
And
therefore
in
Hills
,
or
large
Champaigne
Grounds
,
it
seldome
commeth
;
Such
as
is
with
vs
York's
Worad
.
This
cannot
be
remedied
,
otherwise
than
that
in
Countries
of
Small
Enclosure
,
the
Grounds
be
turned
into
larger
Fields
:
Which
I
haue
knowne
to
doe
good
in
some
Farmes
.
Another
Disease
is
the
Putting
forth
of
Wilde
Oats
,
whereinto
Corne
oftentimes
,
(
especially
Barley
,
)
doth
degenerate
.
It
happeneth
chiefly
from
the
Weaknesse
of
the
Graine
that
is
sowen
;
For
if
it
be
either
too
Old
,
or
Mouldy
,
it
will
bring
forth
Wilde
Oats
.
Another
Disease
is
the
Saciety
of
the
Ground
;
For
if
you
sow
one
Ground
still
with
the
same
Corne
,
(
I
meane
not
the
same
Corne
that
grew
vpon
the
same
Ground
,
)
but
the
same
Kinde
of
Graine
;
(
As
Wheat
,
Barley
,
&c.
)
it
will
prosper
but
poorely
:
Therefore
besides
the
Resting
of
the
Ground
,
you
must
vary
the
Seed
.
Another
ill
Accident
is
,
from
the
Winds
,
which
hurt
at
two
times
;
At
the
Flowring
,
by
Shaking
off
the
Flowers
;
And
at
the
full
Ripening
,
by
Shaking
out
the
Corne.
Another
ill
Accident
is
,
Drouth
,
at
the
Spindling
of
the
Corne
;
Which
with
vs
is
rate
;
But
in
Hotter
Countries
,
common
:
Insomuch
as
the
Word
,
Calamitas
,
was
first
deriued
from
Calamus
,
when
the
Corne
could
not
get
out
of
the
Stalke
.
Another
ill
Accident
is
,
Ouer-wet
at
Sowing-Time
;
which
with
vs
breedeth
much
Dearth
;
Insomuch
as
the
Corne
neuer
commeth
vp
;
And
(
many
times
)
they
are
forced
to
resow
Sommer-Corne
,
where
they
sowed
Winter-Corne
.
Another
ill
Accident
is
Bitter
Frosts
,
continued
,
without
Snow
;
Especially
in
the
Beginning
of
the
Winter
,
after
the
Seed
is
new
Sowen
.
Another
Disease
is
Wormes
;
which
sometimes
breed
in
the
Root
,
and
happen
vpon
Hot
Sunnes
,
and
Showers
,
immediately
after
the
Sowing
;
And
another
Worme
breedeth
in
the
Eare
it Selfe
;
Especially
when
Hot
Sunnes
breake
often
out
of
Clouds
.
Another
Disease
is
Weeds
;
And
they
are
such
,
as
either
Choake
,
and
Ouershadow
the
Corne
,
and
beare
it
downe
;
Or
starue
the
Corne
,
and
deceiue
it
of
Nourishment
.
Another
Disease
is
,
Ouer-Rancknesse
of
the
Corne
;
Which
they
vse
to
remedy
,
by
Mowing
it
after
it
is
come
vp
;
Or
putting
Sheepe
into
it
.
Another
ill
Accident
is
Laying
of
Corne
with
great
Raines
,
neare
,
or
in
Harnest
.
Another
ill
Accident
is
,
if
the
Seed
happen
to
haue
touched
Oyle
,
or
any
Thing
,
that
is
Fat
;
For
those
Substances
haue
an
Antipathy
with
Nourishment
of
Water
.
The
Remedies
of
the
Diseases
of
Corne
haue
beene
obserued
as
followeth
.
The
Steeping
of
the
Graine
,
before
Sowing
,
a
little
time
in
Wine
,
is
thought
a
Presernatiue
:
The
Mingling
of
Seed-Corne
with
Ashes
,
is
thought
to
be
good
:
The
Sowing
at
the
Wane
of
the
Moone
,
is
thought
to
make
the
Corne
sound
:
It
hath
not
beene
practised
,
but
it
is
thought
to
be
of
vse
,
to
make
some
Miscellane
in
Corne
;
As
if
you
sow
a
few
Beanes
with
Wheat
,
your
Wheat
will
be
the
better
.
It
hath
beene
obserued
,
that
the
Sowing
of
Corne
with
Honsleeke
,
doth
good
.
Though
Graine
,
that
toucheth
Oyle
,
or
Fat
,
receiueth
hurt
,
yet
the
Steeping
of
it
,
in
the
Dregs
of
Oyle
,
when
it
beginneth
to
Putrifie
,
(
which
they
call
Amurca
,
)
is
thought
to
assure
it
against
Wormes
.
It
is
reported
also
,
that
it
Corne
be
Mowed
,
it
will
make
the
Graine
Longer
,
but
Emptier
,
and
hauing
More
of
the
Huske
.
It
hath
beene
noted
,
that
Seed
of
a
yeare
old
,
is
the
Best
;
And
of
two
or
three
yeares
is
Worse
,
And
that
which
is
more
Old
,
is
quite
Barren
;
Though
(
no
doubt
)
some
Seeds
and
Graines
last
better
than
others
.
The
Corne
,
which
in
the
Vanning
lieth
lowest
,
is
the
best
;
And
the
Corne
,
which
broken
or
bitten
retaineth
a
little
Yellownesse
,
is
better
than
that
which
is
very
White
.
It
hath
beene
obserued
,
that
of
all
Roots
of
Herbs
,
the
Root
of
Sorrell
goeth
the
furthest
into
the
Earth
;
Insomuch
as
it
hath
bin
knowne
to
go
three
Cubits
deepe
;
And
that
it
is
the
Root
that
continueth
fit
(
longest
)
to
be
set
againe
,
of
any
Root
that
groweth
.
It
is
a
Cold
and
Acide
Herbe
,
that
(
as
it
seemeth
)
loueth
the
Earth
,
and
is
not
much
drawne
by
the
Sunne
.
It
hath
beene
obserued
,
that
some
Herbs
like
best
,
being
watred
with
Salt-Water
;
As
Radish
,
Beet
,
Rew
,
Pennyroyall
;
This
Triall
would
be
extended
to
some
other
Herbs
;
Especially
such
as
are
Strong
;
As
Tarragon
,
Mustard-Seed
,
Rocket
,
and
the
like
.
It
is
strange
that
is
generally
receiued
,
how
some
Poysonous
Beasts
affect
Odorate
and
Wholesome
Herbs
;
As
that
the
Snake
loueth
Fennell
;
That
the
Toad
will
be
much
vnder
Sage
;
That
Frogs
will
be
in
Cinque
foile
.
It
may
be
,
it
is
rather
the
Shade
,
or
other
Couerture
,
that
they
take
liking
in
,
than
the
Vertue
of
the
Herbe
.
It
were
a
Matter
of
great
Profit
,
(
saue
that
I
doubt
it
is
too
Coniecturall
to
venture
vpon
,
)
if
one
could
discerne
,
what
Corne
,
Herbs
,
or
Fruits
,
are
like
to
be
in
Plenty
,
or
Scarcity
,
by
some
Signes
and
Prognosticks
.
in
the
Beginning
of
the
Yeare
:
For
as
for
those
,
that
are
like
to
be
in
Plenty
,
they
may
be
bargained
for
,
vpon
the
Ground
;
As
the
Old
Relation
was
of
Thales
;
who
to
shew
how
easie
it
was
for
a
Philosopher
to
be
rich
,
when
he
fore-saw
a
great
Plenty
of
Oliues
,
made
a
Monopoly
of
them
.
And
for
Scarcity
,
Men
may
make
Profit
in
keeping
better
the
Old
Store
.
Long
Continuance
of
Snow
is
beleeued
to
make
a
Fruitfull
Yeare
of
Corne
:
An
Earely
Winter
,
or
a
very
Late
Winter
,
a
Barren
Yeare
of
Corne
:
An
Open
and
Serene
Winter
,
an
ill
Yeare
of
Fruit
:
These
we
haue
partly
touched
before
:
But
other
Prognostickes
of
like
Nature
are
diligently
to
be
enquired
.
There
seeme
to
be
,
in
some
Plants
,
Singularities
,
wherein
they
differ
from
all
Other
;
The
Oliue
hath
the
Oyly
Part
,
only
on
the
Outside
;
Wheras
all
other
Fruits
haue
it
in
the
Nut
,
or
Kernell
.
The
Firre
hath
(
in
effect
)
no
Stone
,
Nut
,
nor
Kernest
;
Except
you
will
count
the
little
Graines
Kernells
.
The
Pom
granate
and
Pine
Apple
haue
onely
,
amongst
Fruits
,
Graines
distinct
in
seuerall
Cells
.
No
Herbs
haue
Curled
Leaues
,
but
Cabbage
,
and
Cabbage-Lettuce
.
None
haue
double
Leaues
,
one
belonging
to
the
Stalke
,
another
to
the
Fruit
or
Seed
,
but
the
Artichoke
:
No
Flower
hath
that
kinde
of
Spread
that
the
Woodbine
hath
.
This
may
be
a
large
Field
of
Contemplation
;
For
it
sheweth
that
in
the
Frame
of
Nature
,
there
is
,
in
the
Producing
of
some
Species
,
a
Composition
of
Matter
,
which
happeneth
oft
,
and
may
be
much
diuersified
:
In
others
,
such
as
happeneth
rarely
,
and
admitteth
little
Variety
:
For
so
it
is
likewise
in
Beasts
:
Dogs
haue
a
Resemblance
with
Wolnes
,
and
Foxes
;
Horses
with
Asses
,
Kine
with
Bustes
;
Hares
with
Coneyes
;
&c.
And
so
in
Birds
:
Kites
and
Kastrells
haue
a
Resemblance
with
Hawkes
;
Common-Doues
with
Ring-Dea●s
,
and
Tortles
;
Black-Birds
with
Thrushes
,
and
Manisses
;
Crowes
with
Bauens
,
Dawes
,
and
Choughas
,
&c.
But
Elephants
,
and
Swine
amongst
Beasts
;
And
the
Bird
of
Paradise
,
and
the
Peacocke
amongst
Birds
;
And
some
few
others
;
haue
sea●●●
any
other
Species
,
that
haue
Affinity
with
them
.
We
leaue
the
Description
of
Plants
,
and
their
Vertues
,
to
Herballs
,
and
other
like
Bookes
of
Naturall
History
:
Wherein
Mens
Diligence
hath
b●●●●
great
,
euen
to
Curiosity
:
For
our
Experiments
are
onely
such
as
doe
euer
ascend
a
Degree
,
to
the
Deriuing
of
Causes
,
and
Extracting
of
Axiomes
,
which
,
wee
are
not
ignorant
,
but
that
some
,
both
of
the
Ancient
,
and
Modeme
Writers
,
haue
also
labôured
,
But
their
Causes
,
and
Axiomes
,
are
so
full
of
Imagination
,
and
so
infected
with
the
old
Receiued
Theories
,
as
they
are
meere
Inquinations
of
Experience
,
and
Concoct
it
not
.
It
hath
beene
obserued
by
some
of
the
Ancients
,
that
Skins
,
(
especially
of
●●ams
,
newly
pulled
off
,
and
applied
to
the
Wounds
of
Stripts
,
doe
keepe
them
from
Swelling
,
and
Exulcerating
;
And
likewise
Heade
them
,
and
Close
them
vp
;
And
that
the
Whites
of
Eggs
do
the
same
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
Healing
of
Wounds
.
The
Cause
is
a
Temperate
Conglutination
;
For
both
Bodies
are
Glommy
,
and
Viscous
,
and
doe
bridle
the
Des●uxe
of
Humours
to
the
Hu●●●
,
without
Penning
them
in
too
much
.
You
may
turne
(
almost
)
all
Flesh
into
a
●●●●●●●●●
,
if
you
take
Flesh
,
and
cut
it
into
Peeces
,
and
put
the
Peeces
into
a
Glasse
couered
with
Parchment
;
And
so
let
the
Glasse
stand
six
or
seuen
Houres
●●●
Boyling
Water
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
●●●●●●●●●●●
It
may
be
an
Experiment
of
Profit
,
for
Making
of
Fat
,
or
Grease
,
for
many
vses
;
But
then
it
must
be
of
such
Flesh
as
is
not
Edible
;
As
Horses
,
Dogs
,
Beares
,
Foxes
,
Bodgers
,
&c.
It
is
reported
by
one
of
the
Ancients
,
that
New
Wine
,
put
into
Vessells
well
stopped
,
and
the
Vessells
let
downe
into
the
Sea
,
will
accelerate
very
much
,
the
Making
of
them
Ripe
,
and
Potable
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
Repening
of
D●●nk
before
the
Time
.
The
same
would
be
tried
in
Wort.
Beasts
are
more
Hairy
than
Men
;
And
Sauage
Man
more
than
Ciuill
;
And
the
Plumage
of
Birds
exceedeth
the
Pilosity
of
Beasts
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
Pilosity
and
Plumage
.
The
Cause
of
the
Smoothnesse
in
Men
,
is
not
any
Abundance
of
Heat
,
and
Moisture
,
though
that
indeed
causeth
Pilosity
;
But
there
is
requisite
to
Pilosity
,
not
so
much
Heat
and
Moisture
,
as
Excrementitious
Heat
and
Moisture
:
(
For
whatsoeuer
assimilateth
,
goeth
not
into
the
Haire
:
)
And
Excrementitious
Moisture
aboundeth
most
in
Beasts
,
and
Men
that
are
more
Sauage
.
Much
the
same
Reason
is
there
of
the
Plumage
of
Birds
;
For
Birds
assimilate
lesse
,
and
excerne
more
than
Beasts
:
For
their
Excrements
are
euer
liquid
,
and
their
Flesh
(
generally
)
more
dry
:
Besides
,
they
haue
not
Instruments
for
Vrine
;
And
so
all
the
Excrementitious
Moisture
goeth
into
the
Feathers
:
And
therefore
it
is
no
Maruell
,
though
Birds
bee
commonly
better
Meat
than
Beasts
,
because
their
Flesh
doth
assimilate
more
finely
,
and
secerneth
more
subtilly
.
Againe
,
the
Head
of
Man
hath
Haire
vpon
the
first
Birth
,
which
no
other
Part
of
the
Body
hath
.
The
Cause
may
be
Want
of
Perspiration
:
For
Much
of
the
Matter
of
Haire
,
in
the
other
Parts
of
the
Body
,
goeth
forth
by
Insensible
Perspiration
;
And
besides
,
the
Skull
being
of
a
more
solide
Substance
,
nourisheth
and
assimilateth
lesse
,
and
excerneth
more
:
And
so
likewise
doth
the
Chinne
;
We
see
also
that
Haire
commeth
not
vpon
the
Palmes
of
the
Hands
,
nor
Soales
of
the
Feet
;
Which
are
Parts
more
Perspirable
.
And
Children
likewise
are
not
Hairy
,
for
that
their
Skins
are
more
Perspirable
.
Birds
are
of
Swifter
Motion
than
Beasts
:
For
the
Flight
of
many
Birds
is
Swifter
,
than
the
Race
of
any
Beasts
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
the
Quicknesse
of
Motion
in
Birds
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
the
Spirits
in
Birds
,
are
in
greater
Proportion
,
in
comparison
of
the
Bulke
of
their
Body
,
than
in
Beasts
:
For
as
for
the
Reason
that
some
giue
,
that
they
are
partly
Carried
,
whereas
Beasts
goe
,
that
is
Nothing
;
For
by
that
Reason
Swimming
should
be
swifter
,
than
Running
:
And
that
Kinde
of
Carriage
also
,
is
not
without
Labour
of
the
Wing
.
The
Sea
is
Clearer
,
when
the
North
wind
bloweth
,
than
when
the
South-wind
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
the
different
Clear
enesse
of
the
Sea
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
Salt-Water
hath
a
little
Oylinesse
in
the
Surface
thereof
;
As
appeareth
in
very
Hot
Daies
:
And
againe
,
for
that
the
Southerne
Wind
relaxeth
the
Water
somewhat
;
As
no
Water
Boyling
is
so
Cleare
as
Cold
Water
.
Fire
burneth
Wood
,
making
it
first
Luminous
;
Then
Blacke
and
Brittle
:
And
lastly
,
Broken
and
Incinerate
:
Sealding
Water
doth
none
of
these
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
the
different
Heats
of
Fire
and
Boiling
Water
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
by
Fire
,
the
Spirit
of
the
Body
is
first
Refined
,
and
then
Emitted
;
Whereof
the
Refining
,
be
Attenuation
causeth
the
Light
;
And
the
Emission
,
first
the
Fragilitie
,
and
after
the
Dissolution
into
Ashes
:
Neither
doth
any
other
Body
enter
:
But
in
Water
the
Spirit
of
the
Body
is
not
Refined
so
much
;
And
besides
Part
of
the
Water
entreth
;
Which
doth
increase
the
Spirit
,
and
in
a
degree
extinguish
it
:
Therefore
wee
see
that
Hot
Water
will
quench
Fire
.
And
againe
wee
see
,
that
in
Bodies
,
wherein
the
Water
doth
not
much
enter
,
but
only
the
Heat
passeth
,
Hot
Water
worketh
the
Effects
of
Fire
:
As
in
Egges
Boyled
,
and
Roasted
,
(
into
which
the
Water
entreth
not
at
all
,
)
there
is
scarce
difference
to
be
discerned
;
But
in
Fruit
,
and
Flesh
,
whereinto
the
Water
entreth
,
in
some
part
,
there
is
much
more
difference
.
The
Bottome
of
a
Vessell
of
Boyling
Water
,
(
as
hath
beene
obserued
,
)
is
not
very
much
Heated
;
So
as
Men
may
put
their
Hand
vnder
the
Vessell
,
and
remoue
it
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
the
Qualification
of
Heat
by
Moisture
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
the
Moisture
of
Water
,
as
it
quencheth
Coales
,
where
it
entreth
;
So
it
doth
allay
Heat
,
where
it
toucheth
:
And
therefore
note
well
,
that
Moisture
,
although
it
doth
not
passe
thorow
Bodies
,
without
Communication
of
some
Substance
,
(
As
Heat
and
Cold
doe
;
)
yet
it
worketh
manifest
Effects
;
not
by
Entrance
of
the
Body
,
but
by
Qualifying
of
the
Heat
,
and
Cold
;
As
wee
see
in
this
Instance
:
And
wee
see
likewise
,
that
the
Water
of
Things
distilled
in
Water
,
(
which
they
call
the
Bath
,
)
differeth
not
much
from
the
Water
of
Things
Distilled
by
Fire
:
Wee
see
also
,
that
Pewter-Dishes
,
with
Water
in
them
,
will
not
Melt
easily
;
But
without
it
,
they
will
:
Nay
wee
see
more
,
that
Butter
,
or
Oyle
,
which
in
themselues
are
Inflammable
,
yet
by
Vertue
of
their
Moisture
,
will
doe
the
like
.
It
hath
beene
noted
by
the
Ancients
,
that
it
is
dangerous
to
Picke
ones
Eare
,
whilest
he
Yawneth
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
Yawning
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
in
Yawning
,
the
Inner
Parchment
of
the
Eare
is
extended
,
by
the
Drawing
in
of
the
Spirit
,
and
Breath
;
For
in
Yawning
,
and
Sighing
both
,
the
Spirit
is
first
strongly
Drawne
in
,
and
then
strongly
Expelled
.
It
hath
beene
obserued
by
the
Ancients
,
that
Sneezing
doth
cease
the
Hiccough
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
the
Hiccough
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
the
Motion
of
the
Hiccough
,
is
a
Lifting
vp
of
the
Stomacke
:
which
Sneezing
doth
somewhat
depresse
,
and
diuert
the
Motion
another
way
.
For
first
wee
see
,
that
the
Hiccough
commeth
of
Fulnesse
of
Meat
,
(
especially
in
Children
,
which
causeth
an
Extension
of
the
Stomacke
:
Wee
see
also
,
it
is
caused
by
Acide
Meats
,
or
Drinkes
,
which
is
by
the
Pricking
of
the
Stomacke
:
And
this
Motion
is
ceased
,
either
by
Diuersion
;
Or
by
Detention
of
the
Spirits
:
Diuersion
,
as
in
Sneezing
;
Detention
,
as
wee
see
Holding
of
the
Breath
,
doth
helpe
somewhat
to
cease
the
Hiccough
:
And
putting
a
Man
into
an
Earnest
Studie
doth
the
like
;
As
is
commonly
vsed
:
And
Vinegar
put
to
the
Nostbrills
,
or
Gargarized
,
doth
it
also
;
For
that
it
is
Astringent
,
and
inhibiteth
the
Motion
of
the
Spirits
.
Looking
against
the
Sunne
,
doth
induce
Sneezing
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
Sneezing
The
Cause
;
is
not
the
Heating
of
the
Nosthrills
;
For
then
the
Holding
vp
of
the
Nosthrills
against
the
Sunne
,
though
one
Winke
,
would
doe
it
,
But
the
Drawing
downe
of
the
Moisture
of
the
Braine
:
For
it
will
make
the
Eyes
,
run
with
Water
;
And
the
Drawing
of
Moisture
to
the
Eyes
,
doth
draw
it
to
the
Nosthrills
,
by
Motion
of
Consent
;
And
so
followeth
Sneezing
;
As
contrariwise
,
the
Tickling
of
the
Nosthrills
within
,
doth
draw
the
Moisture
to
the
Nosthrills
,
and
to
the
Eyes
by
Consent
;
For
they
also
will
Water
.
But
yet
,
it
hath
beene
obserued
,
that
if
one
be
about
to
Sneeze
,
the
Rubbing
of
the
Eyes
,
till
they
run
with
Water
,
will
preuent
it
.
Where
of
the
Cause
is
,
for
that
the
Humour
,
which
was
descending
to
the
Nosthrills
,
is
diuerted
to
the
Eyes
.
The
Teeth
are
more
,
by
Cold
Drinke
,
or
the
like
,
affected
,
than
the
other
Parts
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
the
Tendernesse
of
the
Teeth
.
The
Cause
is
double
:
The
One
,
for
that
the
Resistance
of
Bone
to
Cold
,
is
greater
than
of
Flesh
;
for
that
Flesh
shrinketh
,
but
the
Bone
resisteth
,
whereby
the
Cold
becommeth
more
eager
:
The
Other
is
,
for
that
the
Teeth
are
Parts
without
Bloud
;
Whereas
Bloud
helpeth
to
qualifie
the
Cold
:
And
therefore
wee
see
,
that
the
Sinnewes
are
much
affected
with
Cold
;
For
that
they
are
Parts
without
Bloud
:
So
the
Bones
in
Sharpe
Colds
wax
Brittle
;
And
therefore
,
it
hath
beene
seene
,
that
all
Contusions
of
Bones
,
in
Hard
Weather
,
are
more
difficult
to
Cure
.
It
hath
been
noted
,
that
the
Tongue
receiueth
,
more
easily
,
Tokens
of
Diseases
,
than
the
other
Parts
;
As
of
Heats
within
,
which
appeare
most
in
the
Blacknesse
of
the
Tongue
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
the
Tongue
.
Againe
,
Pied
Cattell
are
spotted
in
their
Tongues
,
&c.
The
Cause
is
,
(
no
doubt
,
)
the
Tendernesse
of
the
Part
;
which
thereby
receiueth
more
easily
all
Alterations
,
than
any
other
Parts
of
the
Flesh.
When
the
Mouth
is
out
of
Taste
,
it
maketh
Things
taste
,
sometimes
Salt
;
Chiefly
Bitter
;
And
sometimes
Loathsome
;
But
neuer
Sweet
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
the
Taste
.
The
Cause
is
,
the
Corrupting
of
the
Moisture
about
the
Tongue
;
Which
many
times
turneth
Bitter
,
and
Salt
,
and
Loathsome
;
But
Sweet
neuer
;
For
the
rest
are
Degrees
of
Corruption
.
It
was
obserued
in
the
Great
Plague
of
the
last
Yeare
,
that
there
were
seene
,
in
diuers
Ditches
,
and
low
Grounds
,
about
London
,
many
Toads
,
that
had
Tailes
,
two
or
three
Inches
long
,
at
the
least
;
Whereas
Toads
(
vsually
)
haue
no
Tailes
at
all
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
some
Prognosticks
of
Pestilenitall
Seasons
.
Which
argueth
a
great
Disposition
to
Putrefaction
in
the
Soile
,
and
Aire
.
It
is
reported
likewise
,
that
Roots
,
(
such
as
Carrets
,
and
Parsuips
,
)
are
more
Sweet
,
and
Lushious
,
in
Infectious
Yeares
,
than
in
other
Yeares
.
Wife
Physitians
should
with
all
diligence
inquire
,
what
Simples
Nature
yeeldeth
,
that
haue
extreme
Subtile
Parts
,
without
any
Mordication
,
or
Acrimony
:
For
they
Vndermine
that
which
is
Hard
;
They
open
that
which
is
Stopped
,
and
Shut
;
And
they
expell
that
which
is
Offensive
,
gently
,
without
too
much
Perturbation
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
Speciall
Simples
for
Medicines
.
Of
this
Kinde
are
Elder-Flowers
,
which
therefore
are
Proper
for
the
Stone
:
Of
this
kinde
is
the
DwarfePine
;
which
is
Proper
for
the
laundies
:
Of
this
kinde
is
Harts-Horne
;
which
is
Proper
for
Agues
,
and
Infections
:
Of
this
kinde
is
Piony
;
which
is
Proper
for
Stoppings
in
the
Head
:
Of
this
kinde
is
Fumitory
;
which
is
Proper
for
the
Spl●●●e
:
And
a
Number
of
Others
.
Generally
,
diuers
Creatures
bred
of
Putrefaction
,
though
they
be
somewhat
loathsome
to
take
,
are
of
this
kinde
;
As
Earth-wormes
,
Timber-Sowes
,
Snailes
,
&c.
And
I
conceiue
,
that
the
Trechischs
of
Vipers
,
(
which
are
so
much
magnified
,
)
and
the
Flesh
of
Snakes
some
wayes
condited
,
and
corrected
,
(
which
of
late
are
growne
into
some
Credite
,
)
are
of
the
same
Nature
.
So
the
Parts
of
Beasts
Putrified
;
(
as
Castereum
,
and
Muske
,
which
haue
extreme
Subtill
Parts
,
)
are
to
be
placed
amongst
them
.
We
see
also
that
Patrefactions
of
Plants
,
(
as
Agarichs
,
and
lewes
●●●●
.
are
of
greatest
Vertue
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
Putrefection
is
the
Subtillest
of
all
Motions
,
in
the
Parts
of
Bodies
:
And
since
we
cannot
take
downe
the
Lines
of
Liuing
Creatures
,
(
which
some
of
the
●●●
say
(
If
they
could
be
taken
downe
,
)
would
make
vs
Immortall
;
)
the
Next
is
for
Subtilty
of
Operation
,
to
take
Bodies
Putresied
;
Such
as
may
be
safely
taken
.
It
hath
beene
obserued
by
the
Ancients
,
that
Much
vse
of
Venus
doth
Dimme
the
Sight
;
And
yet
Eunuchs
,
which
are
vnable
to
generate
,
are
(
neuerthelesse
)
also
Dimme
Sighted
.
Experiments
in
Consort
touching
Venus
.
The
Cause
of
Dimnesse
of
Sight
,
in
the
Former
,
is
the
Expence
of
Spirts
;
In
the
Latter
,
the
Ouer-moisture
of
the
Braine
:
For
the
Ouer-moisture
of
the
Braine
doth
thicken
the
Spirits
Visuall
.
and
obstructeth
their
Passages
;
As
we
see
by
the
Decay
,
in
the
Sight
,
in
Age
;
Where
also
the
Diminution
of
the
Spirits
concurreth
as
another
Cause
:
we
see
also
that
Blindnesse
commeth
by
Rheumes
,
and
●●●
.
Now
in
●●●
.
there
are
all
the
Notes
of
Moisture
;
As
the
Swelling
of
their
Thighes
,
the
Loosenesse
of
their
Belly
,
the
Smoothnesse
of
their
Skinne
,
&c.
The
Pleasure
in
the
Act
of
Venus
is
the
greatest
of
the
Pleasures
of
the
Senses
:
The
Matching
of
it
with
Itch
is
vnproper
;
though
that
also
be
Pleasing
to
the
touch
.
But
the
Conses
are
Profound
.
First
,
all
the
Organe
of
the
Senses
qualifie
the
Nations
of
the
Spirits
;
And
make
so
many
Seuerall
Species
of
Motions
,
and
Pleasures
or
Displeasures
thereupon
,
as
there
be
Dinersitics
of
Organs
.
The
Instruments
of
Sight
,
Hearing
,
Taste
,
and
Smell
,
are
of
seuerall
frame
;
And
so
are
the
Parts
for
Generation
.
Therefore
Sealiger
doth
well
,
to
make
the
Pleasure
of
Generation
a
Sixth
Sense
;
And
if
there
were
any
other
differing
Organs
,
and
Qualified
Perfraction
for
the
spirits
to
passe
;
there
would
be
more
than
the
Fiue
Senses
;
Neither
doe
we
well
know
,
whether
some
Beasts
,
and
Birds
,
haue
not
Senses
that
we
know
not
:
And
the
very
some
of
Dogs
is
almost
a
sense
it selfe
.
Secondly
,
the
Pleasures
of
the
Touch
,
are
greater
and
deeper
,
than
those
of
the
other
Senses
;
As
we
see
in
Warming
vpon
Cold
;
Or
Refrigeration
vpon
Heat
:
For
as
the
Paines
of
the
Touch
,
are
greater
than
the
Offences
of
other
Sense
;
So
likewise
are
the
Pleasures
.
It
is
true
,
that
the
Affecting
of
the
Spirits
immediately
,
and
(
as
it
were
)
without
an
Organ
,
is
of
the
greatest
Pleasure
;
Which
is
but
in
two
things
:
Sweet
Smells
;
And
Wine
,
and
the
like
Sweet
Vapours
.
For
Smells
,
wee
see
their
great
and
sudden
Effect
in
fetching
Men
againe
,
when
they
swoune
:
For
Drinke
,
it
is
certaine
,
that
the
Pleasure
of
Drunkennesse
,
is
next
the
Pleasure
of
Venus
:
And
Great
Ioyes
(
likewise
)
make
the
Spirits
moue
,
and
touch
themselues
:
And
the
pleasure
of
Venus
is
somewhat
of
the
same
Kinde
.
It
hath
beene
alwayes
obserued
,
that
Men
are
more
inclined
to
Venus
in
the
Winter
,
and
Women
in
the
Summer
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
the
Spirits
,
in
a
Body
more
Hot
and
dry
,
(
as
the
Spirits
of
Men
are
,
)
by
the
Summer
are
more
exhaled
,
and
dissipated
;
And
in
the
Winter
more
condensed
,
and
kept
entire
:
But
in
Bodies
that
are
Cold
and
Moist
,
(
as
Womens
are
,
)
the
Summer
doth
Cherish
the
Spirits
,
and
calleth
them
forth
;
the
Winter
doth
dull
them
.
Furthermore
,
the
Abstinence
or
Intermission
of
the
Vse
of
Venus
,
in
Moist
and
Well
Habituate
Bodies
,
breedeth
a
Number
of
Diseases
;
And
especially
dangerous
Impostumations
.
The
Reason
is
euident
;
For
that
it
is
a
Principall
Euacuation
,
especially
of
the
Spirits
:
For
of
the
Spirits
,
there
is
scarce
any
Euacuation
,
but
in
Venus
,
and
Exercise
.
And
therefore
the
Omission
of
either
of
them
,
breedeth
all
Diseases
of
Repletion
.
The
Nature
of
Viuification
is
very
worthy
the
Enquiry
:
And
as
the
Nature
of
Things
,
is
commonly
better
perceiued
,
in
Small
,
than
in
Great
,
and
in
vnperfect
,
than
in
perfect
,
and
in
Parts
,
than
in
whole
:
So
the
Nature
of
Viuification
is
best
enquired
in
Creatures
bred
of
Putrefaction
.
Experiments
in
Consort
touching
the
Insecta
.
The
Contemplation
whereof
hath
many
Excellent
Fruits
.
First
,
in
Disclosing
the
Originall
of
of
Viuification
.
Secondly
,
in
Disclosing
the
Originall
of
Figuration
.
Thirdly
,
in
Disclosing
many
Things
in
the
Nature
of
Perfect
Creatures
,
which
in
them
lye
more
hidden
.
And
Fourthly
,
in
Traducing
,
by
way
of
Operation
,
some
Obseruations
in
the
Insecta
,
to
worke
Effects
vpon
Perfect
Creatures
.
Note
that
the
word
Insecta
,
agreeth
not
with
the
Matter
,
but
we
euer
vse
it
for
Breuities
sake
,
intending
by
it
Creatures
bred
of
Putrefaction
.
The
Insecta
are
found
to
breed
out
of
seuerall
Matters
:
Some
breed
of
Mud
,
or
Dung
;
As
the
Earth-wormes
,
Eeles
,
Snakes
,
&c.
For
they
are
both
Putrefactions
:
For
Water
in
Mud
doth
Puttifie
,
as
not
able
to
Preserue
it selfe
:
And
for
Dung
,
all
Excrements
are
the
Refuse
and
Putrefactions
of
Nourishment
.
Some
breed
in
Wood
,
both
Growing
,
and
Cut
down
.
Quare
in
what
Woods
most
,
and
at
what
Seasons
?
We
see
that
the
Worms
with
many
Feet
,
which
round
themselues
into
Balls
,
are
bred
chiefly
vnder
Logs
of
Timber
,
but
not
in
the
Timber
;
And
they
are
said
to
be
found
also
,
(
many
times
,
)
in
Gardens
,
where
no
Logs
are
.
But
it
seemeth
their
Generation
requireth
a
Couerture
,
both
from
Sunne
,
and
Raine
,
or
Dew
;
As
the
Timber
is
;
And
therfore
they
are
not
Venemous
,
but
(
contrariwise
)
are
held
by
the
Physitians
to
clarifie
the
Bloud
.
It
is
obserued
also
that
Cimices
are
found
in
the
Holes
of
Bed-Sides
.
Some
breed
in
the
Haire
of
Liuing
Creatures
;
As
Lice
,
and
Tikes
;
which
are
bred
by
the
Sweat
close
kept
,
and
somewhat
are
fied
by
the
Haire
.
The
Excrements
of
Liuing
Creatures
,
do
not
only
breed
Insecta
,
when
they
are
Excerned
,
but
also
while
they
are
in
the
Body
;
As
in
Wormes
,
whereto
Children
are
most
subiect
,
and
are
chiefly
in
the
Guts
.
And
it
hath
beene
lately
obserued
by
Physitians
,
that
in
many
Pestilent
Diseases
,
there
are
Wormes
found
in
the
vpper
Parts
of
the
Body
,
where
Excrements
are
not
,
but
onely
Humours
Putrified
.
Fleas
breed
Principally
of
Straw
or
Mass
,
where
there
hath
beene
a
little
Moisture
;
Or
the
Chamber
and
Bed-straw
kept
close
,
and
not
Aired
.
It
is
receiued
that
they
are
killed
by
Strewing
Worme-wood
in
the
Rooms
.
And
it
is
truly
obserued
,
that
Bitter
Things
are
apt
,
rather
to
kill
,
than
engender
Putrefaction
;
And
they
be
Things
,
that
are
Fat
,
or
Sweet
,
that
are
aptest
to
Putrifie
.
There
is
a
Worme
,
that
breedeth
in
Meale
,
of
the
shape
of
a
large
white
Magget
,
which
is
giuen
as
a
great
Dainty
to
Nightingales
.
The
Moath
breedeth
vpon
Cloth
,
and
other
Lanifices
;
Especially
if
they
be
laid
vp
dankish
,
and
wet
.
It
delighteth
to
be
about
the
Flame
of
a
Candle
.
There
is
a
Worme
called
a
Wenill
,
brad
vnder
Ground
,
and
that
feedeth
vpon
Roots
;
As
Parsnips
,
Carrets
,
&c.
Some
breed
in
Waters
,
especially
shaded
,
but
they
must
be
Standing-waters
;
As
the
Water-Spider
,
that
hath
six
Legs
.
The
Fly
called
the
Oad-fly
,
breedeth
of
somewhat
that
Swimmeth
vpon
the
Top
of
the
Water
,
and
is
most
about
Ponds
.
There
is
a
Worme
that
breedeth
of
the
Dregs
of
Wine
Decayed
;
which
afterwards
,
(
as
is
obserued
by
some
of
the
Ancients
,
)
turneth
into
a
Gnat.
It
hath
bin
obserued
by
the
Ancients
,
that
there
is
a
Worme
that
breedeth
in
old
Snow
,
and
is
of
Colour
Reddish
,
and
dull
of
Motion
,
and
dieth
soone
after
it
commeth
out
of
Snow
.
Which
should
shew
,
that
Snow
hath
in
it
a
secret
Warmth
;
For
else
it
could
hardly
Viuisie
.
And
the
Reason
of
the
Dying
of
the
Worme
,
may
be
the
sudden
Exhaling
of
that
little
Spirit
,
as
soone
as
it
commeth
out
of
the
Cold
,
which
had
shut
it
in
.
For
as
Butterflies
quicken
with
Heat
,
which
were
benummed
with
Cold
;
So
Spirits
may
exhale
with
Heat
,
which
were
Preserued
in
Cold.
It
is
affirmed
both
by
Ancient
and
Moderne
Obseruation
,
that
in
Furnaces
of
Copper
,
and
Brasse
,
where
Chalcites
,
(
which
is
Vitrioll
,
)
is
often
cast
in
,
to
mend
the
working
,
there
riseth
suddenly
a
Fly
,
which
sometimes
moueth
,
as
if
it
tooke
hold
on
the
walls
of
the
Furnace
;
Sometimes
is
seene
mouing
in
the
Fire
below
;
And
dieth
presently
,
as
soone
as
it
is
out
of
the
Furnace
.
Which
is
a
Noble
Instance
,
and
worthy
to
be
weighed
;
for
it
sheweth
that
as
well
Violent
Heat
of
Fire
,
as
the
Gentle
Heat
of
Liuing
Creatures
,
will
Viuifie
,
if
it
haue
Matter
Proportionable
.
Now
the
great
Axiome
of
Viuification
is
,
that
there
must
be
Heat
to
dilate
the
Spirit
of
the
Body
;
An
Actiue
Spirit
to
be
dilated
;
Matter
Viscous
or
Tenacious
,
to
hold
in
the
Spirit
;
And
that
Matter
to
be
put
forth
,
and
Figured
.
Now
a
Spirit
dilated
by
so
ardent
a
Fire
,
as
that
of
the
Furnace
,
as
soone
as
euer
it
cooleth
neuer
so
little
,
congealeth
presently
.
And
(
no
doubt
)
this
Action
is
furthered
by
the
Chalcites
,
which
hath
a
Spirit
,
that
will
Put
forth
and
germinate
,
as
we
see
in
Chymicall
Trialls
.
Briefly
,
most
Things
Putrified
bring
forth
Insecta
of
seuerall
Names
;
But
wee
will
not
take
vpon
vs
now
,
to
Enumerate
them
all
.
The
Insecta
haue
beene
noted
by
the
Ancients
,
to
feed
little
:
But
this
hath
not
beene
diligently
obserued
;
For
Grashoppers
eat
vp
the
Greene
of
whole
Countries
;
And
Silke-wormes
deuoure
Leaues
swiftly
;
And
Ants
make
gret
Prouision
.
It
is
true
,
that
Creatures
,
that
Sleepe
and
rest
much
,
Eat
little
;
As
Dormise
,
and
Bats
,
&c.
They
are
all
without
Bloud
:
Which
may
be
,
for
that
the
Iuyce
of
their
Bodies
,
is
almost
all
one
;
Not
Bloud
,
and
Flesh
,
and
Skin
,
and
Bone
,
as
in
Perfect
Creatures
;
The
Integrall
Parts
haue
Extreme
Variety
,
but
the
Similar
Parts
little
.
It
is
true
,
that
they
haue
,
(
some
of
them
,
)
a
Disphragme
,
and
an
Intestine
;
And
they
haue
all
Skins
;
Which
in
most
of
the
Insecta
are
cast
often
.
They
are
not
(
generally
)
of
long
Life
:
Yet
Bees
haue
beene
knowne
to
liue
seuen
yeares
:
And
Snakes
are
thought
,
the
rather
for
the
Casting
of
their
Spoils
,
to
liue
till
they
be
Old
:
And
Eeles
,
which
many
times
breed
of
Putrefaction
,
will
liue
and
grow
very
long
:
And
those
that
Enterchange
from
Wormes
to
Flyes
in
the
Summer
,
and
from
Flyes
to
Wormes
in
the
Winter
,
haue
beene
kept
in
Boxes
oure
kyears
at
the
least
.
Yet
there
are
certain
Flyes
,
that
are
called
Ephemera
,
that
liue
but
a
day
.
The
Cause
is
,
the
Exility
of
the
Spirit
;
Or
perhaps
the
Absence
of
the
Sunne
;
For
that
if
they
were
brought
in
,
or
kept
close
,
they
might
liue
longer
.
Many
of
the
Insecta
,
(
as
Butterflies
,
and
other
Flies
,
)
reuiue
easily
,
when
they
seeme
dead
,
being
brought
to
the
Sunne
,
or
Fire
,
The
Cause
whereof
is
,
the
Diffusion
of
the
Vitall
Spirit
,
and
the
Easie
Dilating
of
it
by
a
little
Heat
.
They
stirre
a
good
while
,
after
their
Heads
are
off
,
or
that
they
be
cut
in
Pecces
;
Which
is
caused
also
,
for
that
their
Vitall
Spirits
are
more
diffused
thorow-out
all
their
Parts
,
and
lesse
confined
to
Organs
,
than
in
Perfect
Creatures
.
The
Insecta
haue
Voluntary
Motion
,
and
therefore
Imagination
;
And
whereas
some
of
the
Ancients
haue
said
,
that
their
Motion
is
Indeterminate
,
and
their
Imagination
Indefinite
,
it
is
negligently
obserued
;
For
Arts
goe
right
forwards
to
their
Hills
;
And
Bees
doe
(
admirably
)
know
the
way
,
from
a
Flowry
Heath
,
two
or
three
Miles
off
,
to
their
Hiues
.
It
may
be
,
Gnats
,
and
Flyes
,
haue
their
Imagination
more
mutable
,
and
giddy
,
as
Small
Birds
likewise
haue
.
It
is
said
by
some
of
the
Ancients
,
that
they
haue
onely
the
Sense
of
Feeling
;
which
is
manifestly
vntrue
:
For
if
they
goe
forth-right
to
a
Place
,
they
must
needs
haue
Sight
:
Besides
they
delight
more
in
one
Flower
,
or
Herbe
,
than
in
another
,
and
therefore
haue
Taste
:
And
Bees
are
called
with
Sound
vpon
Brasse
,
and
therefore
they
haue
Hearing
:
Which
sheweth
likewise
that
though
their
Spirit
be
diffused
,
yet
there
is
a
Seat
of
their
Senses
in
their
Head
.
Other
Obseruations
concerning
the
Insecta
,
together
with
the
Enumeration
of
them
,
wee
referre
to
that
place
,
where
wee
meane
to
handle
the
Title
of
Animal's
in
generall
.
A
Man
Leapeth
better
with
Weights
,
in
his
Hands
,
than
without
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
Leaping
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
the
Weight
,
(
if
it
be
proportionable
,
)
strengthneth
the
Sinneues
,
by
Contracting
them
.
For
otherwise
,
where
no
Contraction
is
needfull
,
Weight
hindereth
.
As
wee
see
in
Horse-Races
,
Men
are
curious
to
fore-see
,
that
there
be
not
the
least
Weight
,
vpon
the
one
Horse
,
more
than
vpon
the
other
.
In
Leaping
with
Weights
,
the
Armes
are
first
cast
backwards
,
and
then
forwards
,
with
so
much
the
greater
Force
:
For
the
Hands
goe
backward
before
they
take
their
Raise
.
Quaere
,
if
the
contrary
Motion
of
the
Spirits
,
immediately
before
the
Motion
wee
intend
,
doth
not
cause
the
Spirits
,
as
it
were
,
to
breake
forth
with
more
Force
:
As
Breath
also
drawne
,
and
kept
in
,
commeth
forth
more
forcibly
:
And
in
Casting
of
any
Thing
,
the
Armes
,
to
make
a
greater
Swing
,
are
first
cast
backward
.
Of
Musicall
Tones
,
and
Vnequall
Sounds
,
wee
haue
spoken
before
;
But
touching
the
Pleasure
,
and
Displeasure
of
the
Senses
,
not
so
fully
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
the
Pleasures
,
and
Displeasures
of
the
Senses
,
especially
of
Hearing
.
Harsh
Sounds
,
as
of
a
Sawe
,
when
it
is
sharpened
;
Grinding
of
one
Stone
against
another
;
Squeaking
,
or
Skriching
Noise
;
make
a
Shiuering
or
Horrour
in
the
Body
,
and
set
the
Teeth
on
edge
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
the
Obiects
of
the
Eare
,
doe
affect
the
Spirits
(
immediately
)
most
with
Pleasure
and
Offence
.
We
see
,
there
is
no
Colour
that
affecteth
the
Eye
much
with
Displeasure
:
There
be
Sights
,
that
are
Horrible
,
because
they
excite
the
Memory
of
Things
that
are
Odious
,
or
Fearefull
;
But
the
same
Things
Painted
doe
little
affect
.
As
for
Smells
,
Tastes
,
and
Touches
,
they
be
Things
that
doe
affect
,
by
a
Participation
,
or
Impulsion
of
the
Body
,
of
the
Obiect
.
So
it
is
Sound
alone
,
that
doth
immediately
,
and
incorporeally
,
affect
most
:
This
is
most
manifest
in
Musicke
;
and
Concords
and
Discords
in
Musicke
:
For
all
Sounds
,
whether
they
be
sharpe
,
or
Flat
,
if
they
be
Sweet
,
haue
a
Roundnesse
and
Equality
;
And
if
they
be
Harsh
,
are
Vnequall
:
For
a
Discord
it selfe
is
but
a
Harshnesse
of
Diners
Sounds
Meeting
.
It
is
true
,
that
Inequality
,
not
Stayed
vpon
,
but
Passing
,
is
rather
an
Encrease
of
Sweetnesse
:
As
in
the
Purling
of
a
Wreathed
String
;
And
in
the
Rancity
of
a
Trumpet
;
And
in
the
Nightinghale-Pipe
of
a
Regall
;
And
in
a
Discord
straight
falling
vpon
a
Concord
:
But
if
you
stay
vpon
it
,
it
is
Offensiue
;
And
therefore
,
there
bee
these
three
Degrees
of
Pleasing
,
and
Displeasing
in
Sounds
;
Sweet
Sounds
;
Discords
and
Harsh
Sounds
,
which
we
call
by
diuers
Names
,
as
Skriching
,
or
Grating
,
such
as
wee
now
speake
of
.
As
for
the
Setting
of
the
Teeth
on
Edge
,
we
see
plainly
,
what
an
Intercourse
there
is
,
betweene
the
Teeth
,
and
the
Organ
of
the
Hearing
,
by
the
Taking
of
the
End
of
a
Bow
,
betweene
the
Teeth
,
and
Striking
vpon
the
String
.
NATVRALL
HISTORIE
.
VIII
.
Century
.
THere
be
Mineralls
,
and
Fossiles
,
in
great
Varietie
;
But
of
Veines
of
Earth
Medicinall
,
Experiment
Solitary
touching
Veines
of
Medicinall
Earth
.
but
few
;
The
Chiefe
are
,
Terra
Lemnia
,
Terra
Sigillata
communis
,
and
Bolus
Arminus
:
Whereof
Terra
Lemnia
is
the
Chiefe
.
The
Vertues
of
them
are
,
for
Curing
of
Wounds
,
Stanching
of
Bloud
,
Stopping
of
Flaxes
and
Rheumes
,
and
Arresting
the
Spreading
of
Poison
,
Infection
,
and
Putrefaction
:
And
they
haue
,
of
all
other
Simples
,
the
Perfectest
and
Purest
Qualitie
of
Drying
,
with
little
or
no
Mixture
of
any
other
Qualitie
.
Yet
it
is
true
,
that
the
Bole-Arminicke
is
the
most
Cold
of
them
;
And
that
Terra
Lemnia
is
the
most
Hot
;
For
which
Cause
,
the
Island
Lemnos
,
where
it
is
digged
,
was
in
the
Old
Fabulous
Ages
consecrated
to
Vulcan
.
About
the
Bottome
of
the
Straights
are
gathered
great
Quantities
of
Sponges
,
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
the
Growth
of
Sponges
.
which
are
gathered
from
the
sides
of
Rocks
,
being
as
it
were
a
large
,
but
tough
,
Mosse
.
It
is
the
more
to
be
noted
,
because
that
there
be
but
few
Substances
,
Plant-like
,
that
grow
deepe
within
the
Sea
;
For
they
are
gathered
sometimes
fifteene
Fathome
deepe
;
And
when
they
are
laid
on
Shoare
,
they
seeme
to
be
of
great
Bulke
;
But
crushed
together
,
will
be
transported
in
a
very
small
Roome
.
It
seemeth
,
that
Fish
,
that
are
vsed
to
the
Salt-Water
,
doe
neuerthelesse
delight
more
in
Fresh
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
Sea-Fish
put
in
Fish
Waters
.
Wee
see
,
that
Salmons
,
and
Smelts
,
loue
to
get
into
Riuers
,
though
it
be
against
the
Streame
.
At
the
Hauen
of
Constantinople
,
you
shall
haue
great
Quantities
of
Fish
that
come
from
the
Euxine-Sea
;
that
when
they
come
into
the
Fresh
Water
,
doe
inebriate
and
turne
vp
their
Bellies
;
So
as
you
may
take
them
with
your
Hand
.
I
doubt
,
there
hath
not
beene
sufficient
Experiment
made
of
Putting
Sea-Fish
into
Fresh
Water
,
Ponds
,
and
Pooles
.
It
is
a
Thing
of
great
Vse
,
and
Pleasure
:
For
so
you
may
haue
them
new
at
some
good
distance
from
the
Sea
:
And
besides
,
it
may
be
,
the
Fish
will
eat
the
pleasanter
,
and
may
fall
to
breed
:
And
it
is
said
that
Colchester
Oysters
,
which
are
put
into
Pits
,
where
the
Sea
goeth
and
commeth
,
(
but
yet
so
,
that
there
is
a
Fresh
Water
Comming
also
to
them
,
when
the
Sea
voideth
,
)
become
by
that
meanes
Fatter
,
and
more
Growne
.
The
Turkish-Bow
giueth
a
very
Forcible
Shoot
;
Insomuch
as
it
hath
beene
knowne
,
that
the
Arrow
hath
pierced
a
Stecle
Target
,
or
a
Peece
of
Brasse
of
two
Inches
thicke
:
But
that
which
is
more
strange
,
the
Arrow
,
if
it
be
Headed
with
Wood
,
hath
beene
knowne
to
pierce
thorow
a
Peece
of
Wood
,
of
eight
Inches
thicke
.
And
it
is
certaine
,
that
wee
had
in
vse
at
one
time
,
for
Sea-Fight
,
short
Arrowes
,
which
they
called
Sprights
,
without
any
other
Heads
,
saue
Wood
sharpned
;
which
were
discharged
out
of
Muskets
,
and
would
pierce
thorow
the
Sides
of
Ships
,
where
a
Bullet
would
not
pierce
.
But
this
dependeth
vpon
one
of
the
greatest
Secrets
in
all
Nature
;
Which
is
,
that
Similitude
of
Substance
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
Attraction
by
Simulitude
of
Substance
.
will
cause
Attraction
,
where
the
Body
is
wholly
freed
from
the
Motion
of
Grauitie
:
For
if
that
were
taken
away
,
Lead
would
draw
Lead
,
and
Gold
would
draw
Gold
,
and
Iron
would
draw
Iron
,
without
the
helpe
of
the
Load-Stone
.
But
this
same
Motion
of
Weight
or
Grauitie
,
(
which
is
a
meere
Motion
of
the
Matter
,
and
hath
no
Affinitie
with
the
Forme
,
or
Kinde
,
)
doth
kill
the
other
Motion
,
except
it selfe
be
killed
by
a
violent
Motion
;
As
in
these
Instances
of
Arrowes
;
For
then
the
Motion
of
Attraction
by
Similitude
of
Substance
,
beginneth
to
shew
it selfe
.
But
wee
shall
handle
this
Point
of
Nature
fully
in
due
Place
.
They
haue
in
Turkey
,
and
the
East
,
certaine
Confections
,
which
they
call
Seruetts
,
which
are
like
to
Candied
Conserues
;
And
are
made
of
Sugar
and
Limons
,
or
Sugar
and
Citrons
,
or
Sugar
and
Violets
,
and
some
other
Flowers
;
And
some
Mixture
of
Amber
for
the
more
delicate
Persons
;
And
those
they
dissolue
in
Water
,
and
thereof
make
their
Drinke
because
they
are
forbidden
Wine
by
their
Law
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
certaine
Drinkes
in
Turkey
.
But
I
doe
much
maruell
that
no
Englishman
,
or
Dutehman
,
or
German
,
doth
set
vp
Brewing
in
Constantinople
;
Considering
they
haue
such
Quantitie
of
Barley
.
For
as
so
the
generall
Sort
of
Men
,
Frugalitie
may
be
the
Cause
of
Drinking
Water
;
For
that
it
is
no
small
Sauing
,
to
pay
nothing
for
ones
Drinke
:
But
the
better
Sort
mought
well
be
at
the
Cost
.
And
yet
I
wonder
the
lesse
at
it
,
because
I
see
France
,
Italie
,
or
Spaine
,
haue
not
taken
into
vse
,
Beere
,
or
Ale
;
Which
(
perhaps
)
if
they
did
,
would
better
both
their
Healths
,
and
their
Complexions
.
It
is
likely
it
would
be
Matter
of
great
Gaine
to
any
,
that
should
begin
it
in
Turkey
.
In
Bathing
in
Hot
Water
,
Sweat
(
neuerthelesse
)
commeth
not
in
the
Parts
vnder
the
Water
.
Experiments
in
Consort
,
touching
Sweat
.
The
Cause
is
;
First
,
for
that
Sweat
is
a
Kinde
of
Colliquation
.
And
that
Kinde
of
Colliquation
is
not
made
,
either
by
an
Ouer-Drie
Heat
,
or
an
Ouer-Moist
Heat
.
For
Ouer-Moisture
doth
somewhat
extinguish
the
Heat
;
As
wee
see
that
euen
Hot
Water
quencheth
Fire
:
And
Ouer-Drie
Heat
shutteth
the
Pores
:
And
therefore
Men
will
sooner
Sweat
couered
before
the
Sunne
,
or
Fire
,
than
if
they
stood
Naked
;
And
Earthen
Bottles
,
filled
with
Hot
Water
,
doe
prouoke
,
in
Bed
,
a
Sweat
more
daintily
,
than
Bricke-bats
Hot.
Secondly
,
Hot
Water
doth
cause
Euaporation
from
the
Skin
;
So
as
it
spendeth
the
Matter
,
in
those
Parts
vnder
the
Water
,
before
it
issueth
in
Sweat
.
Againe
,
Sweat
commeth
more
plentifully
,
if
the
Heat
be
increased
by
Degrees
,
than
if
it
be
greatest
at
first
,
or
equall
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
the
Pores
are
better
opened
by
a
Gentle
Heat
,
than
by
a
more
Violent
;
And
by
their
opening
the
Sweat
issueth
more
abundantly
.
And
therefore
Physitians
may
doe
well
,
when
they
prouoke
Sweat
in
Bed
,
by
Bottles
,
with
a
Decoction
of
Sudorisicke
Herbs
in
Hot
Water
,
to
make
two
Degrees
of
Heat
in
the
Bottles
;
And
to
lay
in
the
Bed
,
the
lesse
Heated
first
,
and
after
halfe
an
Houre
the
more
Heated
.
Sweat
is
Salt
in
Taste
;
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
,
that
Part
of
the
Nourishment
,
which
is
Fresh
and
Sweet
,
turneth
into
Bloud
,
and
Flesh
;
And
the
Sweat
is
only
that
Part
which
is
Separate
,
and
Excerned
.
Bloud
also
Raw
hath
some
Saltnesse
,
more
than
Flesh
;
because
the
Assimilation
into
Flesh
,
is
not
without
a
little
and
subtile
Excretion
from
the
Bloud
.
Sweat
commeth
forth
more
out
of
the
Vpper
Parts
of
the
Body
,
than
the
Lower
;
The
Reason
is
,
because
those
Parts
are
more
replenished
with
Spirits
;
And
the
Spirits
are
they
that
put
forth
Sweat
:
Besides
,
they
are
lesse
Fleshy
,
and
Sweat
issueth
(
chiefly
)
out
of
the
Parts
that
are
lesse
Fleshy
,
and
more
Dry
;
As
the
Forehead
,
and
Breast
.
Men
Sweat
more
in
Sleepe
,
than
Waking
;
And
yet
Sleepe
doth
rather
stay
other
Fluxions
,
than
cause
them
;
As
Rheumes
,
Loosenesse
of
the
Body
,
&c.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
in
Sleepe
,
the
Heat
and
Spirits
doe
naturally
moue
inwards
,
and
there
rest
.
But
when
they
are
collected
once
within
,
the
Heat
becommeth
more
Violent
,
and
Irritate
;
And
thereby
expelleth
Sweat
.
Cold
Sweats
are
(
many
times
)
Mortall
,
and
neere
Death
;
And
alwayes
ill
,
and
Suspected
;
As
in
Great
Feares
,
Hypochondricall
Passions
,
&c.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
Cold
Sweats
come
by
a
Relaxation
or
Forsaking
of
the
Spirits
,
wherby
the
Moisture
of
the
Body
,
which
Heat
did
keepe
firme
in
the
Parts
,
seuereth
,
and
issueth
out
.
In
those
Diseases
,
which
cannot
be
discharged
by
Sweat
,
Sweat
is
ill
,
and
rather
to
be
stayed
;
As
in
Diseases
of
the
Lungs
,
and
Fluxes
of
the
Belly
;
But
in
those
Diseases
,
which
are
expelled
by
Sweat
,
it
easeth
and
lightneth
;
As
in
Agues
,
Pestilences
,
&c.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
Sweat
in
the
Latter
Sort
is
partly
Criticall
,
and
sendeth
forth
the
Matter
that
offendeth
;
But
in
the
Former
,
it
either
proceedeth
from
the
Labour
of
the
Spirits
,
which
sheweth
them
Oppressed
;
Or
from
Motion
of
Consent
,
when
Nature
not
able
to
expell
the
Disease
,
where
it
is
seated
,
moueth
to
an
Expulsion
indifferent
ouer
all
the
Body
.
The
Nature
of
the
Glo-wormexs
is
hitherto
not
well
obserued
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
the
GloWorme
.
Thus
much
we
see
;
That
they
breed
chiefly
in
the
Hottest
Moneths
of
Summer
;
And
that
they
breed
not
in
Champaigne
,
but
in
Bushes
,
and
Hedges
.
Wherby
it
may
be
conceiued
,
that
the
Spirit
of
them
is
very
fine
,
and
not
to
be
refined
,
but
by
Summer
Heats
:
And
againe
,
that
by
reason
of
the
Finenesse
,
it
doth
easily
exhale
.
In
Italy
,
and
the
Hotter
Countries
,
there
is
a
Fly
they
call
Lucciole
,
that
shineth
as
the
Glo-worme
doth
;
And
it
may
be
is
the
Flying
Glo-worme
.
But
that
Fly
is
chiefly
vpon
Fens
,
and
Marrishes
.
But
yet
the
two
former
Obseruations
hold
;
For
they
are
not
seene
,
but
in
the
Heat
of
Summer
;
And
Sedge
,
or
other
Greene
of
the
Fens
,
giue
as
good
Shade
,
as
Bushes
.
It
may
be
the
Glo-wormes
of
the
Cold
Countries
ripen
not
so
farre
as
to
be
Winged
.
The
Passions
of
the
Minde
,
worke
vpon
the
Body
the
Impressions
following
.
Experiments
in
Consort
,
touching
the
Impressions
,
which
the
Passions
of
the
Minde
make
vpon
the
Body
.
Feare
causeth
Palenesse
;
Trembling
;
The
Standing
of
the
Haire
vpright
;
Starting
;
and
Skritching
.
The
Palenesse
is
caused
,
for
that
the
Bloud
runneth
inward
,
to
succour
the
Heart
.
The
Trembling
is
caused
,
for
that
through
the
Flight
of
the
Spirits
inward
,
the
Outward
Parts
are
destituted
,
and
not
sustained
.
Standing
Vpright
of
the
Haire
is
caused
,
for
that
by
the
Shutting
of
the
Pores
of
the
Skin
,
the
Haire
that
lyeth
asloape
,
must
needs
Rise
,
Starting
is
both
an
Apprehension
of
the
Thing
feared
,
(
And
,
in
that
kinde
,
it
is
a
Motion
of
Shrincking
;
)
And
likewise
an
Inquisition
,
in
the
beginning
,
what
the
Matter
should
be
;
(
And
in
that
kinde
it
is
a
Motion
of
Erection
;
)
And
therefore
,
when
a
Man
would
listen
suddenly
to
any
Thing
,
he
Starteth
;
For
the
Starting
is
an
Erection
of
the
Spirits
to
attend
.
Skritching
is
an
Appetite
of
Expelling
that
which
suddenly
striketh
the
Spirits
:
For
it
must
be
noted
,
that
many
Motions
,
though
they
be
vnprofitable
to
expell
that
which
hurteth
,
yet
they
are
Offers
of
Nature
,
and
cause
Motions
by
Consent
;
As
in
Groaning
,
or
Crying
vpon
Paine
.
Griefe
and
Paine
cause
Sighing
;
Sobbing
;
Groaning
;
Screaming
;
and
Roaring
;
Teares
;
Distorting
of
the
Face
;
Grinding
of
the
Teeth
;
Sweating
.
Sighing
is
caused
by
the
Drawing
in
of
a
greater
Quantity
of
Breath
to
refresh
the
Heart
that
laboureth
:
like
a
great
Draught
when
one
is
thirsty
.
Sobbing
is
the
same
Thing
stronger
.
Groaning
,
and
Screaming
,
and
Roaring
,
are
caused
by
an
Appetite
of
Expulsion
,
as
hath
beene
said
:
For
when
the
Spirits
cannot
expell
the
Thing
that
hurteth
,
in
their
Strife
to
do
it
,
by
Motion
of
Consent
,
they
expell
the
Voice
.
And
this
is
,
when
the
Spirits
yeeld
,
and
giue
ouer
to
resist
;
For
if
one
doe
constantly
resist
Paine
,
he
will
not
groane
.
Teares
are
caused
by
a
Contraction
of
the
Spirits
of
the
Braine
;
Which
Contraction
by
consequence
astringeth
the
Moisture
of
the
Braine
,
and
thereby
sendeth
Teares
into
the
Eyes
.
And
this
Contraction
,
or
Compression
causeth
also
Wringing
of
the
Hands
;
For
Wringing
is
a
Gesture
of
Expression
of
Moisture
.
The
Distorting
of
the
Face
is
caused
by
a
Contention
,
first
to
beare
and
resist
,
and
then
to
expell
;
Which
maketh
the
Parts
knit
first
,
and
afterwards
open
.
Grinding
of
the
Teeth
is
caused
(
likewise
)
by
a
Gathering
and
Serring
of
the
Spirits
together
to
resist
;
Which
maketh
the
Teeth
also
to
set
hard
one
against
another
.
Sweating
is
also
a
Compound
Motion
by
the
Labour
of
the
Spirits
,
first
to
resist
,
and
then
to
expell
.
Ioy
causeth
a
Chearefulnesse
,
and
Vigour
in
the
Eyes
;
Singing
;
Leaping
;
Dancing
;
And
sometimes
Teares
.
All
these
are
the
Effects
of
the
Dilatation
,
and
Comming
forth
of
the
Spirits
into
the
Outward
Parts
;
Which
maketh
them
more
Linely
,
and
Stirring
.
We
know
it
hath
beene
seene
,
that
Excessiue
Sudden
Ioy
,
hath
caused
Present
Death
,
while
the
Spirits
did
spread
so
much
,
as
they
could
not
retire
againe
.
As
for
Teares
,
they
are
the
Effects
of
Compression
of
the
Moisture
of
the
Braine
.
vpon
Dilatation
of
the
Spirits
.
For
Compression
of
the
Spirits
worketh
an
Expression
of
the
Moisture
of
the
Braine
,
by
Consent
,
as
hath
beene
said
in
Griefe
.
But
then
in
Ioy
,
it
worketh
it
diuersly
;
viz.
by
Prepulsion
of
the
Moisture
,
when
the
Spirits
dilate
,
and
occupy
more
Roome
.
Anger
causeth
Palenesse
in
some
,
and
the
Going
and
Comming
of
the
Colour
in
Others
:
Also
Trembling
in
some
,
Swelling
;
Foaming
at
the
Month
;
Stamping
;
Bending
of
the
Fist.
Palenesse
,
and
Going
,
and
Comming
of
the
Colour
,
are
caused
by
the
Burning
of
the
Spirits
about
the
Heart
;
Which
to
refresh
themselues
call
in
more
Spirits
from
the
Outward
Parts
.
And
if
the
Palenesse
be
alone
,
without
Sending
forth
the
Colour
againe
,
it
is
commonly
ioyned
with
some
Feare
;
But
in
many
there
is
no
Palenesse
at
all
,
but
contrariwise
Rednesse
about
the
Cheekes
,
and
Gills
;
Which
is
by
the
Sending
forsh
of
the
Spirits
in
an
Appetite
to
Reuenge
.
Trembling
in
Anger
is
likewise
by
a
Calling
in
of
the
Spirits
;
And
is
commonly
,
when
Anger
is
ioyned
with
Feare
.
Swelling
is
caused
,
both
by
a
Dilatation
of
the
Spirits
by
Ouer-Heating
,
and
by
a
Liquefaction
or
Boyling
of
the
Humours
thereupon
.
Foaming
at
the
Mouth
is
from
the
same
Cause
,
being
an
Ebullition
.
Stamping
.
and
Bending
of
the
Fist
,
are
caused
by
an
Imagination
of
the
Act
of
Reuenge
.
Light
Displeasure
or
Dislike
,
causeth
Shaking
of
the
Head
;
Frowning
,
and
Knitting
of
the
B●●●es
.
These
Effects
arise
from
the
same
Causes
that
Trembling
,
and
Horrour
doe
;
Namely
,
from
the
Retiring
of
the
Spirits
.
but
in
a
lesse
degree
.
For
the
Shaking
of
the
Head
is
but
a
Slow
and
Definite
Trembling
;
And
is
a
Gesture
of
Slight
Refusall
:
And
we
see
also
,
that
a
Dislike
causeth
(
often
)
that
Gesture
of
the
Hand
,
which
wee
vse
,
when
we
refuse
a
Thing
,
or
warne
it
away
.
The
Frowning
,
and
Knitting
of
the
Browes
,
is
a
Gathering
,
or
Serring
of
the
Spirits
,
to
resist
in
some
Measure
.
And
we
see
also
,
this
Knitting
of
the
Browes
will
follow
vpon
earnest
Studying
,
or
Cogitation
of
any
Thing
,
though
it
bee
without
Dislike
.
Shame
causeth
Blushing
;
And
Casting
downe
of
the
Eyes
.
Blushing
is
the
Resort
of
Bloud
to
the
Face
;
Which
in
the
Passion
of
Shame
is
the
Part
that
laboureth
most
.
And
although
the
Blushing
will
be
seene
in
the
whole
Breast
,
if
it
be
Naked
,
yet
that
is
but
in
Passage
to
the
Face
.
As
for
the
Casting
downe
of
the
Eyes
,
it
proceedeth
of
the
Reuerence
a
Man
beareth
to
other
Men
;
Whereby
,
when
he
is
ashamed
,
he
cannot
endure
to
looke
firmely
vpon
Others
:
And
we
see
that
Blushing
,
and
the
Casting
downe
of
the
Eyes
both
,
are
more
when
we
come
before
Many
;
Ore
Pompeij
quid
mollius
?
Nunquàm
non
coram
pluribus
erubuit
:
And
likewise
when
we
come
before
Great
,
or
Reuerend
Persons
.
Pity
causeth
sometimes
Teares
;
And
a
Flexion
or
Cast
of
the
Eye
aside
.
Teares
come
from
the
same
Cause
that
they
doe
in
Griefe
:
for
Pity
is
but
Griefe
in
Anothers
Behalfe
.
The
Cast
of
the
Eye
is
a
Gesture
of
Auersion
,
or
Loathnesse
to
behold
the
Obiect
of
Pity
.
Wonder
causeth
Astonishment
,
or
an
Immoueable
Posture
of
the
Body
;
Casting
vp
of
the
Eyes
to
Heauen
;
And
Lifting
vp
of
the
Hands
.
For
Astonishment
,
it
is
caused
by
the
Fixing
of
the
Minde
vpon
one
Obiect
of
Cogitation
,
whereby
it
doth
not
spatiate
and
transcurre
,
as
it
vseth
:
For
in
Wonder
the
Spirits
fly
not
,
as
in
Feare
;
But
onely
settle
,
and
are
made
lesse
apt
to
moue
.
As
for
the
Casting
vp
of
the
Eyes
,
and
Lifting
vp
of
the
Hands
,
it
is
a
Kinde
of
Appeale
to
the
Deity
;
Which
is
the
Authour
,
by
Power
,
and
Prouidence
,
of
Strange
Wonders
.
Laughing
causeth
a
Dilatation
of
the
Mouth
,
and
Lips
;
A
Continued
Expulsion
of
the
Breath
,
with
the
loud
Noise
,
which
maketh
the
Interiection
of
Laughing
;
Shaking
of
the
Breast
,
and
Sides
;
Running
of
the
Eyes
with
Water
,
if
it
be
Violent
,
and
Continued
.
Wherein
first
it
is
to
be
vnderstood
,
that
Laughing
is
scarce
(
properly
)
a
Passion
,
but
hath
his
Source
from
the
Intellect
;
For
in
Laughing
there
euer
precedeth
a
Conceit
of
somewhat
Ridiculous
,
And
therefore
it
is
Proper
to
Man
.
Secondly
,
that
the
Cause
of
Laughing
is
but
a
Light
Touch
of
the
Spirits
,
and
not
so
deepe
an
Impression
as
in
other
Passions
.
And
therefore
,
(
that
which
hath
no
Affinity
with
the
Passions
of
the
Minde
)
it
is
moued
,
and
that
in
great
vehemency
,
onely
by
Tickling
some
Parts
of
the
Body
:
And
we
see
that
Men
euen
in
a
Grieued
State
of
Minde
,
yet
cannot
sometimes
forbeare
Laughing
.
Thirdly
,
it
is
euer
ioyned
with
some
Degree
of
Delight
:
And
therefore
Exhilaration
hath
some
Affinity
with
Ioy
,
though
it
be
a
much
Lighter
Motion
:
Res
seneraest
verum
Gandium
.
Fourthly
,
that
the
Obiect
of
it
is
Deformity
,
Absurdity
,
Shrew'd
Turnes
,
and
the
like
.
Now
to
speake
of
the
Causes
of
the
Effects
before
mentioned
,
whereunto
these
Generall
Notes
giue
some
Light
,
For
the
Dilatation
of
the
Mouth
and
Lips
,
Continued
Expulsion
of
the
Breath
and
Voice
,
and
Shaking
of
the
Breast
and
Sides
,
they
proceed
(
all
)
from
the
Dilatation
of
the
Spirits
;
Especially
being
Sudden
.
So
likewise
,
the
Running
of
the
Eyes
with
Water
,
(
as
hath
beene
formerly
touched
,
where
we
spake
of
the
Teares
of
Ioy
and
Griefe
,
)
is
an
Effect
of
Dilatation
of
the
Spirits
.
And
for
Suddennesse
,
it
is
a
great
Part
of
the
Matter
:
For
we
see
,
that
any
Shrew'd
Turne
that
lighteth
vpon
Another
;
Or
any
Deformity
,
&c.
moueth
Laughter
in
the
Instant
;
Which
after
a
little
time
it
doth
not
.
So
we
cannot
Laugh
at
any
Thing
after
it
is
Stale
,
but
whilest
it
is
New
:
And
euen
in
Tickling
,
if
you
Tickle
the
Sides
,
and
giue
warning
;
Or
giue
a
Hard
or
Continued
Touch
,
it
doth
not
moue
Laughter
so
much
.
Lust
causeth
a
Flagrancy
in
the
Eyes
;
and
Priapisme
.
The
Cause
of
both
these
is
,
for
that
in
Lust
,
the
Sight
,
and
the
Touch
,
are
the
Things
desired
:
And
therefore
the
Spirits
resort
to
those
part●
,
whch
are
most
affected
.
And
note
well
in
generall
,
(
For
that
great
Vse
may
be
made
of
the
Obseruation
,
)
that
(
euermore
)
the
Spirits
,
in
all
Passions
,
resort
most
to
the
Parts
,
that
labour
most
,
or
are
most
affected
.
As
in
the
last
,
which
hath
been
mentioned
,
they
resort
to
the
Eyes
,
and
Venereous
Parts
:
In
Feare
,
and
Anger
,
to
the
Heart
:
In
Shame
to
the
Face
:
And
in
Light
Dislikes
to
the
Head
.
It
hath
beene
obserued
by
the
Ancients
and
is
yet
beleeued
,
that
the
Sperme
of
Drunken
Men
is
Vnfruitfull
.
Experiments
in
Consort
touching
Drunkennesse
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
it
is
Ouer-moistened
,
and
wanteth
Spissitude
.
And
we
haue
a
merry
Saying
,
that
they
that
goe
Drunke
to
Bed
,
get
Daughters
.
Drunken
Men
are
taken
with
a
plaine
Defect
,
or
Destitution
in
Voluntary
Motion
.
They
●●ele
:
They
tremble
:
They
cannot
stand
,
nor
speake
strongly
.
The
●●●●
is
,
for
that
the
Spirits
of
the
Wine
,
oppresse
the
Spirits
Animall
,
and
●●●
pate
Part
of
the
Place
,
where
they
are
;
And
so
make
them
Weake
to
moue
.
And
therefore
Drunken
Men
are
apt
to
fall
asleepe
:
And
Opiates
,
and
Stupefactines
,
(
as
Poppy
,
Henbane
,
Hemlocke
,
&c.
)
induce
a
kinde
of
Drunkennesse
,
by
the
Grossenesse
of
their
Vapour
;
As
Wine
doth
by
the
Quantity
of
the
Vapour
.
Besides
,
they
rob
the
Spirits
Animall
of
their
Matter
,
whereby
they
are
nourished
:
For
the
Spirits
of
the
Wine
prey
vpon
it
,
as
well
as
they
:
And
so
they
make
the
Spirits
lesse
Supple
,
and
Apt
to
moue
.
Drunken
Men
imagine
euery
Thing
turneth
round
;
They
imagine
also
that
Things
Come
vpon
them
;
They
See
not
well
Things
a
farre
off
;
Those
Things
that
they
See
neare
hand
,
they
See
out
of
their
Place
;
And
(
sometimes
)
they
see
Things
double
.
The
Cause
of
the
Imagination
that
Things
turne
Round
,
is
,
for
that
the
Spirits
themselues
turne
,
being
compressed
by
the
Vapour
of
the
Wine
:
(
For
any
Liquid
Body
vpon
Compression
,
turneth
,
as
we
see
in
Water
:
)
And
it
is
all
one
to
the
Sight
,
whether
the
Visuall
Spirits
moue
,
or
the
Obiect
moueth
,
or
the
Medium
moueth
.
And
we
see
that
long
Turning
Round
breedeth
the
same
Imagination
.
The
Cause
of
the
Imagination
that
Things
come
vpon
them
,
is
,
for
that
the
Spirits
Visuall
themselues
draw
backe
;
which
maketh
the
Obiect
seeme
to
come
on
;
And
besides
,
when
they
see
Things
turne
Round
,
and
Moue
,
Feare
maketh
them
thinke
they
come
vpon
them
.
The
Cause
that
they
cannot
see
Things
a
farre
off
,
is
the
Weaknesse
of
the
Spirits
;
for
in
euery
Megrim
,
or
Vertige
,
there
is
an
Obtenebration
ioyned
with
a
Semblance
of
Turning
round
;
Which
we
see
also
in
the
lighter
Sort
of
Swonnings
.
The
Cause
of
Seeing
things
out
of
their
Place
,
is
the
Refraction
:
of
the
Spirits
Visuall
;
For
the
Vapour
is
as
an
Vnequall
Medium
;
And
it
is
,
as
the
Sight
of
Things
,
out
of
place
,
in
Water
.
The
Cause
of
Seeing
Things
double
,
is
,
the
Swift
and
Vnquiet
Motion
of
the
Spirits
,
(
being
Oppressed
,
)
to
and
fro
;
For
,
(
as
was
said
before
,
)
the
Motion
of
the
Spirits
Visuall
,
and
the
Motion
of
the
Obiect
,
make
the
same
Appearances
;
And
for
the
Swift
Motion
of
the
Obiect
,
we
see
,
that
if
you
fillip
a
Lute-String
,
it
sheweth
double
,
or
Treble
.
Men
are
sooner
Drunke
with
Small
Draughts
,
than
with
Great
.
And
againe
,
Wine
Sugred
inebriateth
lesse
,
than
Wine
Pure
.
The
Cause
of
the
Former
is
,
for
that
the
Wine
descendeth
not
so
fast
to
the
Bottome
of
the
Stomach
;
But
maketh
longer
Stay
in
the
Vpper
Part
of
the
Stomach
,
and
sendeth
Vapours
faster
to
the
Head
;
And
therefore
inebriateth
sooner
.
And
,
for
the
same
Reason
,
Sops
in
Wine
,
(
Quantity
for
Quantity
,
)
inebriate
more
,
than
Wine
of
it selfe
.
The
Cause
of
the
Latter
is
,
for
that
the
Sugar
doth
inspissate
the
Spirits
of
the
Wine
,
and
maketh
them
not
so
easie
to
resolue
into
Vapour
.
Nay
further
,
it
is
thought
,
to
be
some
Remedy
against
Inebriating
,
if
Wine
Sugred
be
taken
after
Wine
Pure
.
And
the
same
Effect
is
wrought
either
by
Oyle
,
or
Milke
,
taken
vpon
much
Drinking
.
The
Vse
of
Wine
,
in
Dry
,
and
Consumed
Bodies
,
is
hurtfull
;
In
Moist
,
and
Full
Bodies
,
it
is
good
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
the
Spirits
of
the
Wine
Experiment
Solitary
touching
the
Helpe
or
Hint
of
Wine
,
though
Moderately
vsed
.
doe
prey
vpon
the
Dew
,
or
Radicall
Moisture
,
(
as
they
terme
it
,
)
of
the
Body
,
and
so
deceiue
the
Animall
Spirits
.
But
where
there
is
Moisture
Enough
,
or
Superfluous
,
there
Wine
helpeth
to
disgest
,
and
desiccate
the
Moisture
.
The
Catterpiller
is
one
of
the
most
Generall
of
Wormes
,
and
breedeth
of
Dew
,
and
Leaues
:
For
we
see
infinite
Number
of
Catterpillers
,
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
Catterpillers
.
which
breed
vpon
Trees
,
and
Hedges
;
By
which
the
Leaues
of
the
Trees
,
or
Hedges
,
are
in
great
Part
consumed
;
As
well
by
their
Breeding
out
of
the
Leafe
,
as
by
their
Feeding
vpon
the
Leafe
.
They
breed
in
the
Spring
chiefly
,
because
then
there
is
both
Dew
,
and
Leafe
.
And
they
breed
commonly
when
the
East
Winds
haue
much
blowne
:
The
Cause
whereof
is
,
the
Drinesse
of
that
Wind
:
For
to
all
Viuification
vpon
Putrefaction
,
it
is
requisite
the
Matter
be
not
too
Moist
:
And
therefore
we
see
,
they
haue
Copwebs
about
them
,
which
is
a
signe
of
a
Slimy
Drinesse
:
As
we
see
vpon
the
Ground
,
whereupon
,
by
Dew
,
and
Sunne
,
Copwebs
breed
all
ouer
.
We
see
also
the
Greene
Catterpiller
breedeth
in
the
Inward
Parts
of
Roses
,
especially
not
blowne
,
where
the
Dew
sticketh
:
But
especially
Catterpillers
,
both
the
greatest
,
and
the
most
,
breed
vpon
Cabbages
,
which
haue
a
Fat
Leafe
,
and
apt
to
Putrifie
.
The
Catterpiller
towards
the
End
of
Summer
waxeth
Volatile
,
and
turneth
to
a
Butterfly
,
or
perhaps
some
other
Fly
.
There
is
a
Catterpiller
,
that
hath
a
Furre
,
or
Downe
vpon
him
,
and
seemeth
to
haue
Affinity
with
the
Silke-worme
The
Flyes
Cantharides
are
bred
of
a
Worme
,
or
Catterpiller
,
but
peculiar
to
certaine
Fruit-Trees
;
As
are
the
Fig-tree
,
the
Pine-tree
,
and
the
Wilde
Briar
;
All
which
beare
Sweet
Fruit
;
And
Fruit
that
hath
a
kinde
of
secret
Biting
,
or
Sharpnesse
:
For
the
Fig
hath
a
Milke
in
it
,
that
is
Sweet
,
and
Corrosiue
:
The
Pine-Apple
hath
a
Kernell
that
is
Strong
and
Absterside
:
The
Fruit
of
the
Briar
is
said
to
make
Children
,
or
those
that
Eat
them
,
Scabbed
.
And
therefore
,
no
maruell
though
Cantharides
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
the
Flyes
Cantharides
.
haue
such
a
Corrosiue
,
and
Cauterizing
Quality
;
For
there
is
not
any
other
of
the
Insecta
,
but
is
bred
of
a
Duller
Matter
.
The
Body
of
the
Cantharides
is
bright
coloured
;
And
it
may
be
,
that
the
delicate-coloured
Dragon-Flies
,
may
haue
likewise
some
Corrosiue
Quality
.
Lassitude
is
remedied
by
Bathing
,
or
Annointing
with
Oyle
,
and
Warme
water
.
Experiments
in
Consort
,
touching
Lassitude
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
all
Lassitude
is
a
kinde
of
Contusion
,
and
Compression
of
the
Parts
;
And
Bathing
,
and
Annointing
giue
a
Relaxation
,
or
Emollition
:
And
the
Mixture
of
Oyle
,
and
Water
,
is
better
than
either
of
them
alone
;
Because
Water
Entreth
better
into
the
Pores
,
and
Oyle
after
Entry
softneth
better
.
It
is
found
also
,
that
the
Taking
of
Tobacco
doth
helpe
and
discharge
Lassitude
.
The
Reason
whereof
is
,
partly
,
because
by
Chearing
or
Comforting
of
the
Spirits
it
openeth
the
Parts
Compressed
,
or
Contused
:
And
chiefly
,
because
it
refresheth
the
Spirits
by
the
Opiate
Vertue
thereof
;
And
so
dischargeth
Wearinesse
;
as
Sleepe
likewise
doth
.
In
Going
vp
a
Hill
,
the
Knees
will
be
most
Weary
;
In
Going
downe
a
Hill
,
the
Thighes
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
,
in
the
Lift
of
the
Feet
,
when
a
Man
Goeth
vp
the
Hill
,
the
Weight
of
the
Body
beareth
most
vpon
the
Knees
;
And
in
Going
downe
the
Hill
,
vpon
the
Thighes
.
The
Casting
of
the
Skin
,
is
by
the
Ancients
compared
,
to
the
Breaking
of
the
Secundine
,
or
Call
;
but
not
rightly
:
For
that
were
to
make
euery
Casting
Experiment
Solitary
touching
the
Casting
of
the
Skin
,
and
Shell
,
in
some
Creatures
.
of
the
Skin
a
New
Birth
:
And
besides
,
the
Secundine
is
but
a
generall
Couer
,
not
shaped
according
to
the
Parts
;
But
the
Skin
is
shaped
according
to
the
Parts
.
The
Creatures
,
that
cast
their
Skin
,
are
;
The
Snake
,
the
Viper
,
the
Grashopper
,
the
Lizard
,
the
Silke
worme
,
&c.
Those
that
cast
their
Shell
,
are
;
The
Lobster
,
the
Crab
,
the
Crafish
,
the
Hodmandod
or
Dedman
,
the
Tortoise
,
&c.
The
Old
Skins
are
found
,
but
the
Old
Shells
neuer
:
So
as
it
is
like
,
they
scale
off
,
and
crumble
away
by
degrees
.
And
they
are
knowne
,
by
the
Extreme
Tendernesse
and
Softnesse
of
the
New
Shell
;
And
somewhat
by
the
Freshnesse
of
the
Colour
of
it
.
The
Cause
of
the
Casting
of
Skin
,
and
Shell
,
should
seeme
to
be
the
great
Quantity
of
Matter
in
those
Creatures
,
that
is
fit
to
make
Skin
,
or
Shell
;
And
againe
,
the
Loosenesse
of
the
Skin
,
or
Shell
,
that
sticketh
not
close
to
the
Flesh.
For
it
is
certaine
,
that
it
is
the
New
Skin
,
or
Shell
,
that
putteth
off
the
Old
:
So
we
see
,
that
in
Deere
,
it
is
the
Young
Horne
,
that
putteth
off
the
Old
;
And
in
Birds
,
the
Young
Feathers
put
off
the
Old
:
And
so
Birds
,
that
haue
much
Matter
for
their
Beake
,
cast
their
Beakes
;
the
New
Beake
Putting
off
the
Old
.
Lying
,
not
Erect
,
but
Hollow
,
which
is
in
the
Making
of
the
Bed
;
Or
with
the
Legges
gathered
vp
,
which
is
in
the
Posture
of
the
Body
,
is
the
more
Wholesome
.
Experiments
in
Consort
touching
the
Postures
of
the
Body
.
The
Reason
is
,
the
better
Comforting
of
the
Stomach
,
which
is
by
that
lesse
Pensile
:
And
we
see
,
that
in
Weake
Stomachs
,
the
Laying
vp
of
the
Legs
high
,
and
the
Knees
almost
to
the
Mouth
,
helpeth
,
and
comforteth
.
We
see
also
that
Gally-Slanes
,
notwithstanding
their
Misery
otherwise
,
are
commonly
Fat
and
Fleshy
;
And
the
Reason
is
,
because
the
Stomach
is
supported
somewhat
in
Sitting
;
And
is
Pensile
in
Standing
,
or
Going
.
And
therefore
,
for
Prolongation
of
Life
,
it
is
good
to
choose
those
Exercises
,
where
the
Limbes
moue
more
than
the
Stomach
,
and
Belly
;
As
in
Rowing
,
and
in
Sawing
being
Set.
Megrims
and
Giddinesse
are
rather
when
we
Rise
,
after
long
Sitting
,
than
while
we
Sit.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
the
Vapours
,
which
were
gathered
by
Sitting
,
by
the
Sudden
Motion
,
fly
more
vp
into
the
Head
.
Leaning
long
vpon
any
Part
maketh
it
Numme
,
and
,
as
wee
call
it
,
Asleepe
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
the
Compression
of
the
Part
suffereth
not
the
Spirits
to
haue
free
Accesse
;
And
therefore
,
when
wee
come
out
of
it
,
wee
feele
a
Stinging
or
●●●●●ing
;
Which
is
the
Re-entrance
of
the
Spirits
.
It
hath
beene
noted
,
that
those
Yeares
are
Pestilentiall
,
and
Vnwholesome
,
when
there
are
great
Numbers
of
Frogs
,
Flies
,
Locusts
,
&c.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
Pestilentiall
Yeares
.
The
Cause
is
plaine
;
For
that
those
Creatures
being
engendred
of
Putrefaction
,
when
they
abound
,
shew
a
generall
Disposition
of
the
Yeare
,
and
Constitution
of
the
Aire
,
to
Diseases
of
Putrefaction
.
And
the
same
Prognesticke
,
(
as
hath
beene
said
before
,
)
holdeth
,
if
you
finde
Wormes
in
Oake-Apples
.
For
the
Constitution
of
the
Aire
,
appeareth
more
subtilly
,
in
any
of
these
Things
,
than
to
the
Sense
of
Man
.
It
is
an
Obseruation
amongst
Country-People
,
that
Yeares
of
Store
of
Hawes
and
Heps
,
doe
commonly
portend
Cold
Winters
;
And
they
ascribe
it
to
Gods
Prouidence
,
that
,
(
as
the
Scripture
saith
)
reacheth
euen
to
the
Falling
of
a
Sparrow
;
And
much
more
is
like
to
reach
to
the
Preseruation
of
Birds
in
such
Seasons
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touchine
the
Prognosticks
of
Hard
Winters
.
The
Naturall
Cause
also
may
be
the
Want
of
Heat
,
and
Abundance
of
Moisture
,
in
the
Summer
precedent
;
Which
putteth
forth
those
Fruits
,
and
must
needs
leaue
great
Quantity
of
Cold
Vapours
,
not
dissipate
;
Which
causeth
the
Cold
of
the
Winter
following
.
They
haue
in
Turkey
,
a
Drinke
called
Coffa
,
made
of
a
Berry
of
the
same
Name
,
as
Blacke
as
Soot
,
and
of
a
Strong
Sent
,
but
not
Aromaticall
;
Which
they
take
,
beaten
into
Powder
,
in
Water
,
as
Hot
as
they
can
drinke
it
:
And
they
take
it
,
and
sit
at
it
,
in
their
Coffa-Houses
,
which
are
like
our
Tauernes
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
Medicines
that
Condense
,
and
Releeue
the
Spirits
.
This
Drinke
comforteth
the
Braine
,
and
Heart
,
and
helpeth
Disgestion
.
Certainly
this
Berry
Coffa
;
The
Root
,
and
Leafe
Betel
;
The
Leafe
Tobacco
;
And
the
Teare
of
Poppy
,
(
Opium
,
)
of
which
the
Turks
are
great
Takers
,
(
supposing
it
expelleth
all
Feare
;
)
doe
all
Condense
the
Spirits
,
and
make
them
Strong
,
and
Aleger
.
But
it
seemeth
they
are
taken
after
seuerall
manners
;
For
Coffa
and
Opium
are
taken
downe
;
Tobacco
but
in
Smoake
;
And
Betel
is
but
champed
in
the
Mouth
,
with
a
little
Lime
.
It
is
like
there
are
more
of
them
,
if
they
were
well
found
out
,
and
well
corrected
.
Quare
of
Henbane-Seed
;
Of
Mandrake
;
Of
Saffron
,
Root
,
and
Flower
;
Of
Folium
Indum
;
Of
Amber-grice
;
Of
the
Assyrian
Amomum
,
if
it
may
be
had
;
And
of
the
Scarlet
Powder
,
which
they
call
Kermez
;
And
(
generally
)
of
all
such
Things
,
as
doe
inebriate
,
and
prouoke
Sleepe
.
Note
that
Tobacco
is
not
taken
in
Root
,
or
Seed
,
which
are
more
forcible
euer
than
Leaues
.
The
Turkes
haue
a
Blacke
Powder
,
made
of
a
Minerall
called
Alcohole
;
Which
with
a
fine
long
Pencill
they
lay
vnder
their
Eye-lids
;
Which
doth
colour
them
Blacke
;
Whereby
the
White
of
the
Eye
is
set
off
more
white
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
Faintings
of
the
Body
.
With
the
same
Powder
they
colour
also
the
Haires
of
their
Eye-lids
,
and
of
their
Eye-browes
,
which
they
draw
into
Embowed
Arches
.
You
shall
finde
that
Xenophon
maketh
Mention
,
that
the
Medes
vsed
to
paint
their
Eyes
.
The
Turkes
vse
with
the
same
Tincture
,
to
colour
the
Haire
of
their
Heads
and
Beards
Blacke
:
And
diuers
with
vs
,
that
are
growne
Gray
,
and
yet
would
appeare
Young
,
finde
meanes
to
make
their
Haire
blacke
,
by
Combing
it
,
(
as
they
say
,
)
with
a
Leaden
Combe
,
or
the
like
.
As
for
the
Chineses
,
who
are
of
an
ill
Complexion
,
(
being
Oliuaster
,
)
they
paint
their
Cheekes
Scarlet
;
Especially
their
King
,
and
Grandes
.
Generally
,
Barbarous
People
,
that
goe
Naked
,
doe
not
onely
paint
Themselues
,
but
they
pownce
and
raze
their
Skinne
,
that
the
Painting
may
not
be
taken
forth
;
And
make
it
into
Works
.
So
doe
the
West
Indians
;
And
so
did
the
Ancient
Picts
,
and
Brittons
;
So
that
it
seemeth
,
Men
would
haue
the
Colours
of
Birds
Feathers
,
if
they
could
tell
how
;
Or
at
least
,
they
will
haue
Gay
Skins
,
instead
of
Gay
Cloathes
.
It
is
strange
,
that
the
Vse
of
Bathing
,
as
a
Part
of
Diet
,
is
left
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
the
Vse
of
Bathing
and
Annointing
.
With
the
Romans
,
and
Grecians
,
it
was
as
vsuall
,
as
Eating
,
or
Sleeping
:
And
so
is
it
amongst
the
Turkes
at
this
day
:
Whereas
with
vs
it
remaineth
but
as
a
Part
of
Physicke
.
I
am
of
Opinion
,
that
the
Vse
of
it
,
as
it
was
with
the
Romans
,
was
hurtfull
to
Health
;
For
that
it
made
the
Body
Soft
,
and
easie
to
Waste
.
For
the
Turkes
it
is
more
proper
,
because
that
their
Drinking
Water
,
and
Feeding
vpon
Rize
,
and
other
Food
of
small
Nourishment
,
maketh
their
Bodies
so
Solide
,
and
Hard
,
as
you
need
not
feare
that
Bathing
should
make
them
Froathie
.
Besides
,
the
Turkes
are
great
Sitters
,
and
seldome
walke
;
Whereby
they
Sweat
lesse
,
and
need
Bathing
more
.
But
yet
certaine
it
is
,
that
Bathing
,
and
especially
Annointing
,
may
be
so
vsed
,
as
it
may
be
a
great
Helpe
to
Health
,
and
Prolongation
of
Life
.
But
hereof
we
shall
speake
in
due
Place
,
when
we
come
to
handle
Experiments
Medicinall
.
The
Turkes
haue
a
Pretty
Art
of
Chamoletting
of
Paper
,
which
is
not
with
vs
in
vse
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
Chamoletting
of
Paper
.
They
take
diuers
Oyled
Colours
,
and
put
them
seuerally
(
in
drops
)
vpon
Water
;
And
stirre
the
Water
lightly
;
And
then
wet
their
Paper
,
(
being
of
some
Thicknesse
,
)
with
it
;
And
the
Paper
will
be
Waued
,
and
Veined
,
like
Chamolet
,
or
Marble
.
It
is
somewhat
strange
,
that
the
Bloud
of
all
Birds
,
and
Beasts
,
and
Fishes
,
should
be
of
a
Red
Colour
,
and
only
the
Bloud
of
the
Cuttle
should
be
as
Blacke
as
Inke
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
Cuttle-Inke
.
A
Man
would
thinke
,
that
the
Cause
should
be
the
High
Concoction
of
that
Bloud
;
For
wee
see
in
ordinary
Puddings
,
that
the
Boyling
turneth
the
Bloud
to
be
Blacke
;
And
the
Cuttle
is
accounted
a
delicate
Meat
,
and
is
much
in
Request
.
It
is
reported
of
Credit
,
that
if
you
take
Earth
,
from
Land
adioyning
to
the
Riuer
of
Nile
;
And
preserue
it
in
that
manner
,
that
it
neither
come
to
be
Wet
,
nor
Wasted
;
And
Weigh
it
daily
,
it
will
not
alter
Weight
vntill
the
seuenteenth
of
Iune
,
which
is
the
Day
when
the
Riuer
beginneth
to
rise
;
And
then
it
will
grow
more
and
more
Ponderous
,
till
the
Riuer
commeth
to
his
Heighth
Which
if
it
be
true
,
it
cannot
be
caused
,
but
by
the
Aire
,
which
then
beginneth
to
Condense
;
And
so
turneth
within
that
Small
Mould
into
a
degree
of
Moisture
;
Which
produceth
Weight
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
Encrease
of
Weigh
,
in
Earth
.
So
it
hath
beene
obserued
,
that
Tobacco
,
Cut
,
and
Weighed
,
and
then
Dried
by
the
Fire
,
loseth
Weight
;
And
after
being
laid
in
the
open
Aire
,
recouereth
Weight
againe
.
And
it
should
seeme
,
that
as
soone
as
euer
the
Riuer
beginneth
to
increase
,
the
whole
Body
of
the
Aire
thereabouts
suffereth
a
Change
:
For
(
that
which
is
more
strange
,
)
it
is
credibly
affirmed
,
that
vpon
that
very
Day
,
when
the
Riuer
first
riseth
,
great
Plagues
,
in
Caire
,
vse
suddenly
to
breake
vp
.
Those
that
are
very
Cold
,
and
especially
in
their
Feet
,
cannot
get
to
Sleepe
.
Experiments
in
Consort
,
touching
Sleepe
.
The
Cause
may
be
,
for
that
in
Sleepe
is
required
a
Free
Respiration
,
which
Cold
doth
shut
in
,
and
hinder
:
For
wee
see
,
that
in
great
Colds
,
one
can
scarce
draw
his
Breath
.
Another
Cause
may
be
,
for
that
Cold
calleth
the
Spirits
to
succour
;
And
therefore
they
cannot
so
well
close
;
and
goe
together
in
the
Head
;
Which
is
euer
requisite
to
Sleepe
.
And
for
the
same
Cause
,
Paine
,
and
Noise
hinder
Sleepe
;
And
Darknesse
(
contrariwise
)
furthereth
Sleepe
.
Some
Noises
(
whereof
wee
spake
in
the
112.
Experiment
)
helpe
Sleepe
;
As
the
Blowing
of
the
Wind
,
the
Trickling
of
Water
,
Humming
of
Bees
,
Soft
Singing
,
Reading
,
&c.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
they
moue
in
the
Spirits
a
gentle
Attention
;
And
whatsoeuer
moueth
Attention
,
without
too
much
Labour
,
stilleth
the
Naturall
and
discursiue
Motion
of
the
Spirits
.
Sleepe
nourisheth
,
or
at
least
preserueth
Bodies
,
a
long
time
,
without
other
Nourishment
.
Beasts
that
sleepe
in
Winter
,
(
as
it
is
noted
of
Wilde
Beares
,
)
during
their
Sleep
wax
very
Fat
,
though
they
Eat
nothing
.
Bats
haue
beene
found
in
Ouens
,
and
other
Hollow
Close
Places
,
Matted
one
vpon
another
;
And
therefore
it
is
likely
that
they
Sleepe
in
the
Winter
time
,
and
eat
Nothing
.
Quare
,
whether
Bees
doe
not
Sleepe
all
Winter
,
and
spare
their
Honey
?
Butterflies
,
and
other
Flies
,
doe
not
onely
Sleepe
,
but
lye
as
Dead
all
Winter
;
And
yet
with
a
little
Heat
of
Sunne
,
or
Fire
,
reuine
againe
.
A
Dormonse
,
both
Winter
and
Summer
,
will
Sleepe
some
dayes
'
together
,
and
eat
Nothing
.
To
restore
Teeth
in
Age
,
were
Magnale
Naturae
.
Experiments
in
Consort
,
touching
Teeth
and
Hard
Substances
in
the
Bodies
of
Liuing
Creatures
.
It
may
be
thought
of
.
But
howsoeuer
the
Nature
of
the
Teeth
deserueth
to
be
enquired
of
,
as
well
as
the
other
Parts
of
Liuing
Creatures
Bodies
.
There
be
Fiue
Parts
in
the
Bodies
of
Liuing-Creatures
,
that
are
of
Hard
Substance
;
The
Skull
;
The
Teeth
;
The
Bones
;
The
Hornes
;
and
the
Nailes
.
The
greatest
Quantity
of
Hard
Substance
Continued
,
is
towards
the
Head
.
For
there
is
the
Skull
of
one
Entire
Bone
;
There
are
the
Teeth
;
There
are
the
Maxillary
Bones
;
There
is
the
Hard
Bone
,
that
is
the
Instrument
of
Hearing
;
And
thence
issue
the
Hornes
:
So
that
the
Building
of
Liuing
Creatures
Bodies
,
is
like
the
Building
of
a
Timber-House
,
where
the
Walls
,
and
other
Parts
haue
Columnes
,
and
Beames
;
But
the
Roofe
is
,
in
the
better
Sort
of
Houses
,
all
Tile
,
or
Lead
,
or
Stone
.
As
for
Birds
,
they
haue
Three
other
Hard
Substances
proper
to
them
;
The
Bill
,
which
is
of
like
Matter
with
the
Teeth
;
For
no
Birds
haue
Teeth
:
The
Shell
of
the
Egge
:
And
their
Quills
:
For
as
for
their
Spurre
,
it
is
but
a
Naile
.
But
no
Liuing-Creatures
,
that
haue
Shells
very
hard
;
(
As
Oysters
,
Cockles
,
Mussles
,
Scallops
,
Crabs
,
Lobsters
,
Cra-fish
,
Shrimps
,
and
especially
the
Tortoise
,
)
haue
Bones
within
them
,
but
onely
little
Gristles
.
Bones
,
after
full
Growth
,
continue
at
a
Stay
:
And
so
doth
the
Skull
:
Hornes
,
in
some
Creatures
,
are
cast
,
and
renued
:
Teeth
stand
at
a
Stay
except
their
Wearing
:
As
for
Nailes
,
they
grow
continually
:
And
Bills
and
Beakes
will
ouer-grow
,
and
sometimes
be
cast
;
as
in
Eagles
,
and
Parrots
.
Most
of
the
Hard
Substances
fly
to
the
Extremes
of
the
Body
,
As
Skull
,
Hornes
,
Teeth
,
Nailes
,
and
Beakes
:
Onely
the
Bones
are
more
Inward
,
and
clad
with
Flesh.
As
for
the
Entrailes
,
they
are
all
without
Bones
;
Saue
that
a
Bone
is
(
sometimes
)
found
in
the
Heart
of
a
Stag
;
And
it
may
be
in
some
other
Creature
.
The
Skull
hath
Braines
,
as
a
kinde
of
Marrow
,
within
it
.
The
Back-Bone
hath
one
Kinde
of
Marrow
,
which
hath
an
Affinity
with
the
Braine
;
And
other
Bones
of
the
Body
haue
another
.
The
Iaw-Bones
haue
no
Marrow
Seuered
,
but
a
little
Pulpe
of
Marrow
diffused
.
Teeth
likewise
are
thought
to
haue
a
kind
of
Marrow
diffused
,
which
causeth
the
Sense
,
and
Paine
:
But
it
is
rather
Sinnew
;
For
Marrow
hath
no
Sense
;
No
more
than
Bloud
.
Horne
is
alike
throughout
;
And
so
is
the
Naile
.
None
other
of
the
Hard
Substances
haue
Sense
,
but
the
Teeth
:
And
the
Teeth
haue
Sense
,
not
onely
of
Paine
,
but
of
Cold.
But
we
will
leaue
the
Enquiries
of
other
Hard
Substances
,
vnto
their
seuerall
Places
;
And
now
enquire
onely
of
the
Teeth
.
The
Teeth
are
,
in
Men
,
of
three
Kindes
:
Sharpe
,
as
the
Fore-Teeth
;
Broad
,
as
the
Back-Teeth
,
which
we
call
the
Molar-Teeth
,
or
Grinders
;
And
Pointed-Teeth
,
or
Canine
,
which
are
betweene
both
.
But
there
haue
beene
some
Men
,
that
haue
had
their
Teeth
vndiuided
,
as
of
one
whole
Bone
,
with
some
little
Marke
in
the
Place
of
the
Diuision
;
As
Pyrrhus
had
.
Some
Creatures
haue
Ouer-long
,
or
Out-growing
Teeth
,
which
wee
call
Fangs
,
or
Tuskes
;
As
Boares
,
Pikes
,
Salmons
,
and
Dogs
though
lesse
.
Some
Liuing
Creatures
haue
Teeth
against
Teeth
;
As
Men
,
and
Horses
;
And
some
haue
Teeth
,
especially
their
Master-Teeth
,
indented
one
within
Another
,
like
Sawes
;
As
Lions
;
And
so
againe
haue
Dogs
.
Some
Fishes
haue
diuers
Rowes
of
Teeth
in
the
Roofes
of
their
Mouthes
;
As
Pikes
,
Salmons
,
Trouts
,
&c.
And
many
more
in
Salt-Waters
.
Snakes
,
and
other
Serpents
,
haue
Venomous
Teeth
;
which
are
sometimes
mistaken
for
their
Sting
.
No
Beast
that
hath
Hornes
,
hath
Vpper
Teeth
;
And
no
Beast
,
that
hath
Teeth
aboue
,
wanteth
them
below
:
But
yet
if
they
be
of
the
same
kinde
,
it
followeth
not
,
that
if
the
Hard
Matter
goeth
not
into
Vpper
Teeth
,
it
will
goe
into
Hornes
;
Not
yet
●●
conuerse
;
For
Doe's
,
that
haue
no
Hornes
,
haue
no
Vpper
Teeth
.
Horses
haue
,
at
three
yeares
old
,
a
Tooth
put
forth
,
which
they
call
the
Colts
Tooth
;
And
at
foure
yeares
old
there
commeth
the
Mark-Tooth
,
which
hath
a
Hole
,
as
big
as
you
may
lay
a
Pease
within
it
;
And
that
weareth
shorter
and
shorter
,
euery
yeare
;
Till
that
at
eight
yeares
old
,
the
Tooth
is
smooth
,
and
the
Hole
gone
;
And
then
they
say
;
That
the
Marke
is
out
of
the
Horses
Mouth
.
The
Teeth
of
Men
breed
first
,
when
the
Childe
is
about
a
yeare
and
halfe
old
:
And
then
they
cast
them
,
and
new
come
about
seuen
yeares
old
.
But
diuers
haue
Backward-Teeth
come
forth
at
Twenty
,
yea
some
at
Thirty
,
and
Forty
.
Quare
of
the
manner
of
the
Comming
of
them
forth
.
They
tell
a
Tale
of
the
old
Countesse
of
Desmond
,
who
liued
till
she
was
seuen-score
yeares
old
,
that
she
did
Dentire
,
twice
,
or
thrice
;
Casting
her
old
Teeth
,
and
others
Comming
in
their
Place
.
Teeth
are
much
hurt
by
Sweet-Meats
;
And
by
Painting
with
Mercury
;
And
by
Things
Ouer-hot
;
And
by
Things
Ouer-cold
;
And
by
Rheumes
.
And
the
Paine
of
the
Teeth
,
is
one
of
the
sharpest
of
Paines
.
Concerning
Teeth
,
those
Things
are
to
be
Considered
.
1.
The
Preseruing
of
them
.
2.
The
Keeping
of
them
White
.
3.
The
Drawing
of
them
with
Least
Paine
.
4.
The
Staying
and
Easing
of
the
Tooth-ach
.
5.
The
Binding
in
of
Artificiall
Teeth
,
where
haue
beene
strucken
out
.
6.
And
last
of
all
,
that
Great
One
,
of
Restoring
Teeth
in
Age.
The
Instances
that
giue
any
likelihood
of
Restoring
Teeth
in
Age
,
are
;
The
Late
Comming
of
Teeth
in
some
;
And
the
Renewing
of
the
Beakes
in
Birds
,
which
are
Commateriall
with
Teeth
.
Quare
therefore
more
particularly
how
that
commeth
.
And
againe
,
the
Renewing
of
Hornes
.
But
yet
that
hath
not
beene
knowne
to
haue
beene
prouoked
by
Art
;
Therfore
let
Triall
be
made
,
whether
Hornes
may
be
procured
to
grow
in
Beasts
that
are
not
Horned
,
and
how
?
And
whether
they
may
be
procured
to
come
Larger
than
vsuall
;
As
to
make
an
Oxe
,
or
a
Deere
,
haue
a
Greater
Head
of
Hornes
?
And
whether
the
Head
of
a
Deere
,
that
by
Age
is
more
Spitted
,
may
be
brought
againe
to
be
more
Branched
;
For
those
Trialls
,
and
the
like
,
will
shew
,
whether
by
Art
such
Hard
Matter
can
be
called
,
and
prouoked
.
It
may
be
tryed
also
,
whether
Birds
may
not
haue
some
thing
done
to
them
,
when
they
are
Young
,
wherby
they
may
be
made
to
haue
Greater
,
or
Longer
Bills
;
Or
Greater
and
Longer
Tallons
?
And
whether
Children
may
not
haue
some
Wash
,
or
Something
to
make
their
Teeth
Better
,
and
Stronger
?
Corall
is
in
vse
as
an
Helpe
to
the
Teeth
of
Children
.
Some
Liuing
Creatures
generate
but
at
certaine
Seasons
of
the
Yeare
;
As
Deere
,
Sheepe
,
Wilde
Conneyes
,
&c.
Experiments
in
Consort
,
touching
the
Generation
and
Bearing
of
Liuing
Creatures
in
the
Wombe
.
And
most
Sorts
of
Birds
,
and
Fishes
:
Others
at
any
time
of
the
Yeare
,
as
Men
;
And
all
Domesticke
Creatures
;
As
Horses
,
Hogges
,
Dogges
,
Cats
,
&c.
The
Cause
of
Generation
at
all
Seasons
seemeth
to
be
Fulnesse
:
For
Generation
is
from
Redundance
.
This
Fulnesse
ariseth
from
two
Causes
;
Either
from
the
Nature
of
the
Creature
,
if
it
be
Hot
,
and
Moist
,
and
Sanguine
;
Or
from
Plenty
of
Food
.
For
the
first
,
Men
,
Horses
,
Dogges
,
&c.
which
breed
at
all
Seasons
,
are
full
of
Heat
,
and
Moisture
;
Dones
are
the
fullest
of
Heat
and
Moisture
amongst
Birds
,
and
therefore
breed
often
;
The
Tame
Doue
almost
continually
.
But
Deere
are
a
Melancholy
Dry
Creature
,
as
appeareth
by
their
Fearefulnesse
,
and
the
Hardnesse
of
their
Flesh.
Sheepe
are
a
Cold
Creature
,
as
appeareth
by
their
Mildnesse
,
and
for
that
they
seldome
Drinke
.
Most
sort
of
Birds
are
of
a
dry
Substance
in
comparison
of
Beasts
,
Fishes
are
cold
.
For
the
second
Cause
,
Fulnesse
of
Food
;
Men
,
Kine
,
Swine
,
Dogs
,
&c.
seed
full
;
And
we
see
that
those
Creatures
,
which
being
Wilde
,
generate
seldome
,
being
Tame
,
generate
often
;
Which
is
from
Warmth
,
and
Fulnesse
of
Food
.
We
finde
,
that
the
Time
of
Going
to
Rut
of
Deore
is
in
September
;
For
that
they
need
the
whole
Summers
Feed
and
Grasse
,
to
make
them
fit
for
Generation
.
And
if
Raine
come
Earely
about
the
Middle
of
September
,
they
goe
to
Rut
somewhat
the
sooner
;
If
Drought
,
somewhat
the
later
.
So
Sheepe
,
in
respect
of
their
small
Neat.
generate
about
the
same
time
,
or
somewhat
before
.
But
for
the
most
part
,
Creatures
that
generate
at
certaine
Seasons
,
generate
in
the
Spring
;
As
Birds
,
and
Fishes
;
For
that
the
End
of
the
Winter
,
and
the
Heat
,
and
Comfort
of
the
Spring
prepareth
them
.
There
is
also
another
Reason
,
why
some
Creatures
generate
at
certaine
Seasons
:
And
that
is
the
Relation
of
their
Time
of
Bearing
,
to
the
time
of
Generation
:
For
no
Creature
goeth
to
generate
,
whilest
the
Female
is
full
;
Nor
whilest
shee
is
busie
in
Sitting
or
Rearing
her
Young
.
And
therefore
it
is
found
by
Experience
,
that
if
you
take
the
Egges
,
or
Young
Ones
,
out
of
the
Neasts
of
Birds
,
they
will
fall
to
generate
againe
,
three
or
foure
times
,
one
after
another
.
Of
Liuing
Creatures
,
some
are
Longer
time
in
the
Wombe
,
and
some
Shorter
.
Women
goe
commonly
nine
Moneths
;
The
Cow
and
the
Ewe
about
six
Moneths
;
Doe's
goe
about
nine
Moneths
;
Mares
eleuen
Moneths
;
Bitches
nine
Weekes
;
Elephants
are
said
to
goe
two
Yeares
;
For
the
Receiued
Tradition
of
ten
Yeares
is
Fabulous
.
For
Birds
there
is
double
Enquiry
;
The
Distance
betweene
the
Treading
or
Coupling
,
and
the
Laying
of
the
Egge
;
And
againe
betweene
the
Egge
Layed
,
and
the
Disclosing
or
Hetching
.
And
amongst
Birds
,
there
is
lesse
Diuersity
of
Time
,
than
amongst
other
Creatures
;
yet
some
there
is
:
For
the
Hen
sitteth
but
three
Weekes
;
The
Turky-Hen
,
Goose
,
and
Ducke
,
a
Moneth
:
Quare
of
others
.
The
Cause
of
the
great
Difference
of
Times
,
amongst
Liuing
Creatures
,
is
,
Either
from
the
Nature
of
the
Kinde
;
Or
from
the
Constitution
of
the
Wombe
.
For
the
former
,
those
that
are
longer
in
Comming
to
their
Maturity
or
Growth
,
are
longer
in
the
Wombe
;
As
is
chiefly
seene
in
Men
;
And
so
Elephants
which
are
long
in
the
Wombe
,
are
long
time
in
Comming
to
their
full
Growth
.
But
in
most
other
Kindes
,
the
Constitution
of
the
Wombe
,
(
that
is
,
the
Hardnesse
or
Drinesse
thereof
,
)
is
concurrent
with
the
former
Cause
.
For
the
●●lt
hath
about
foure
yeares
of
Growth
;
And
so
the
Fawne
;
And
so
the
Calfe
.
But
Whelps
,
which
come
to
their
Growth
(
commonly
)
within
three
Quarters
of
a
yeare
,
are
but
nine
Weekes
in
the
Wombe
.
As
for
Birds
,
as
there
is
lesse
Diuersity
,
amongst
them
,
in
the
time
of
their
Bringing
forth
;
So
there
is
lesse
Diuersity
in
the
time
of
their
Growth
;
Most
of
them
comming
to
their
Growth
within
a
Twelue-Moneth
.
Some
Creatures
bring
forth
many
Young
Ones
at
a
Burthen
;
As
Bitches
,
Hares
,
Conneyes
,
&c.
Some
(
ordinatily
)
but
One
;
As
Women
,
Lionesses
,
&c.
This
may
be
caused
,
either
by
the
Quantity
of
Sperme
required
to
the
Producing
One
of
that
Kinde
;
which
if
lesse
be
required
,
may
admit
greater
Number
;
If
more
,
fewer
:
Or
by
the
Partitions
and
Cells
of
the
Wombe
,
which
may
feuer
the
Sperme
.
There
is
no
doubt
,
but
Light
by
Refraction
will
shew
greater
,
as
well
as
Things
Coloured
.
Experiments
in
Consort
,
touching
Species
Visible
.
For
like
as
a
Shilling
,
in
the
Bottomes
of
the
Water
.
will
shew
greater
;
So
will
a
Candle
in
a
Lanthorne
,
in
the
Bottome
of
the
Water
.
I
haue
heard
of
a
Practise
,
that
Glo-wormes
in
Glasses
were
put
in
the
Water
,
to
make
the
Fish
come
.
But
I
am
not
yet
informed
,
whether
when
a
Diuer
Diueth
,
hauing
his
Eyes
open
,
and
swimmeth
vpon
his
Backe
;
whether
(
I
say
)
he
seeth
Things
in
the
Aire
greater
,
or
lesse
.
For
it
is
manifest
,
that
when
the
Eye
standeth
in
the
Finer
Medium
,
and
the
Obiect
is
in
the
Grosser
,
things
shew
greater
;
But
contrariwise
,
when
the
Eye
is
placed
in
the
Grosser
Medium
,
and
the
Obiect
in
the
Finer
,
how
it
worketh
I
know
not
.
It
would
be
well
boulted
out
,
whether
great
Refractions
may
not
be
made
vpon
Reflexions
,
as
well
as
vpon
Direct
Beames
.
For
Example
,
We
see
that
take
an
Empty
Basen
,
put
an
Angell
of
Gold
,
or
what
you
will
,
into
it
;
Then
goe
so
farre
from
the
Basen
,
till
you
cannot
see
the
Angell
,
because
it
is
not
in
a
Right
Line
;
Then
fill
the
Basen
with
Water
,
and
you
shall
see
it
out
of
his
Place
,
because
of
the
Reflexion
.
To
proceed
therefore
,
put
a
Looking-Glasse
into
a
Basen
of
Water
;
I
suppose
you
shall
not
see
the
Image
in
a
Right
Line
,
or
at
equall
Angles
,
but
aside
.
I
know
not
,
whether
this
Experiment
may
not
be
extended
so
,
as
you
might
see
the
Image
,
and
not
the
Glasse
;
Which
for
Beauty
,
and
Strangenesse
,
were
a
fine
Proofe
:
For
then
you
should
see
the
Image
like
a
Spirit
in
the
Aire
.
As
for
Example
,
If
there
be
a
Cesterne
or
Poole
of
Water
.
you
shall
place
ouer
against
it
a
Picture
of
the
Deuill
,
or
what
you
will
,
so
as
you
doe
not
see
the
Water
.
Then
put
a
Looking-Glasse
in
the
Water
:
Now
if
you
can
see
the
Deuills
Picture
aside
,
not
seeing
the
Water
,
it
will
looke
like
a
Deuill
indeed
.
They
haue
an
old
Tale
in
Oxford
,
that
Friar
Bacon
walked
betweene
two
Steeples
:
Which
was
thought
to
be
done
by
Glasses
,
when
he
walked
vpon
the
Ground
.
A
Weighty
Body
put
into
Motion
,
is
more
easily
impelled
,
than
at
first
when
it
Resteth
.
Experiments
in
Consort
,
touching
Impulsion
,
and
Percussion
.
The
Cause
is
,
Partly
because
Motion
doth
discusse
the
Torpour
of
Solide
Bodies
,
Which
beside
their
Motion
of
Grauity
,
haue
in
them
a
Naturall
Appetite
,
not
to
moue
at
all
;
And
partly
,
because
a
Body
that
resteth
,
doth
get
,
by
the
Resistance
of
the
Body
vpon
which
it
resteth
,
a
stronger
Compression
of
Parts
,
than
it
hath
of
it Selfe
:
And
therefore
needeth
more
Force
to
be
put
in
Motion
.
For
if
a
Weighty
Body
be
Pensile
,
and
hang
but
by
a
Thred
,
the
Percussion
will
make
an
Impulsion
very
neare
as
easily
,
as
if
it
were
already
in
Motion
.
A
Body
Ouer-great
,
or
Ouer-small
,
will
not
be
throwne
so
farre
,
as
a
Body
of
a
Middle
Sixe
:
So
that
(
it
seemeth
)
there
must
be
a
Commensuration
,
or
Proportion
,
betweene
the
Body
Moued
,
and
the
Force
,
to
make
it
moue
well
.
The
Cause
is
,
because
to
the
Impulsion
,
there
is
requisite
the
Force
of
the
Body
that
Moueth
,
and
the
Resistance
of
the
Body
that
is
Moued
:
And
if
the
Body
be
too
great
,
it
yeeldeth
too
little
;
And
if
it
be
too
small
,
it
resisteth
too
little
.
It
is
Common
Experience
,
that
no
Weight
will
presse
or
cut
so
strong
,
being
laid
vpon
a
Body
,
as
Falling
,
or
strucken
from
aboue
.
It
may
be
the
Aire
hath
some
part
in
furthering
the
Percussion
:
But
the
chiefe
Cause
I
take
to
be
,
for
that
the
Parts
of
the
Body
Moued
,
haue
by
Impulsion
,
or
by
the
Motion
of
Grauity
continued
,
a
Compression
in
them
,
as
well
downwards
,
as
they
haue
when
they
are
throwne
,
or
Shot
thorow
the
Aire
,
forwards
.
I
conceiue
also
,
that
the
quicke
Loose
of
that
Motion
,
preuenteth
the
Resistance
of
the
Body
below
;
And
Priority
of
the
Force
,
(
alwaies
,
)
is
of
great
Efficacy
;
As
appeareth
in
infinite
Instances
.
Tickling
is
most
in
the
Soles
of
the
Feet
,
and
vnder
the
Arme-Holes
,
and
on
the
Sides
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
Titillation
.
The
Cause
is
,
the
Thinnesse
of
the
Skin
in
those
Parts
;
Ioyned
with
the
Rarenesse
of
being
touched
there
.
For
all
Tickling
is
a
light
Motion
of
the
Spirits
,
which
the
Thinnesse
of
the
Skin
,
and
Suddennesse
,
and
Rarenesse
of
Touch
,
doe
further
:
For
we
see
,
a
Feather
,
or
a
Rush
,
drawne
along
the
Lip
.
or
Cheeke
,
doth
tickle
;
Whereas
a
Thing
more
Obtuse
,
or
a
Touch
more
Hard
,
doth
not
.
And
for
Suddennesse
;
We
see
no
Man
can
tickle
himselfe
:
Wee
see
also
,
that
the
Palme
of
the
Hand
,
though
it
hath
as
Thinne
a
Skin
as
the
other
Parts
Mentioned
,
yet
is
not
Ticklish
,
because
it
is
accustomed
to
be
Touched
.
Tickling
also
causeth
Laughter
.
The
Cause
may
be
,
the
Emission
of
the
Spirits
,
and
so
of
the
Breath
,
by
a
Flight
from
Titillation
;
For
vpon
Tickling
,
we
see
there
is
euer
a
Starting
,
or
Shrinking
away
of
the
Part
,
to
auoid
it
;
And
we
see
also
,
that
if
you
Tickle
the
Nosthrills
,
with
a
Feather
,
or
Straw
,
it
procureth
Sneezing
;
Which
is
a
Sudden
Emission
of
the
Spirits
,
that
doe
likewise
expell
the
Moisture
.
And
Tickling
is
euer
Painfull
,
and
not
well
endured
.
It
is
strange
,
that
the
Riuer
of
Nilus
,
Ouer-flowing
,
as
it
doth
,
the
Country
of
AEgypt
,
there
should
be
neuerthelesse
little
or
no
Raine
in
that
Country
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
the
Scarcity
of
Raine
in
AEgypt
:
The
Cause
must
be
,
Either
in
the
Nature
of
the
Water
;
Or
in
the
Nature
of
the
Aire
;
Or
of
Both.
In
the
Water
,
it
may
be
ascribed
,
either
vnto
the
Long
●●●
of
the
Water
:
For
Swift
Running
Waters
vapour
,
not
so
much
as
Standing
Waters
;
Or
else
to
the
Concoction
of
the
Water
;
For
Waters
well
Concocted
vapour
not
so
much
,
as
Waters
Raw
;
No
more
than
Waters
vpon
the
Fire
doe
vapour
so
much
,
after
some
time
of
Boyling
,
as
at
the
first
.
And
it
is
true
,
that
the
Water
of
Nilus
is
sweeter
than
other
Waters
in
Taste
;
And
it
is
excellent
Good
for
the
Stone
,
and
Hypochondriacall
Melancholy
;
Which
sheweth
it
is
Lenefying
:
And
it
runneth
thorow
a
Countrey
of
a
Hot
Climate
,
and
flat
,
without
Shade
,
either
of
Woods
,
or
Hills
;
Whereby
the
Sunne
must
needs
haue
great
Power
to
Concoct
it
.
As
for
the
Aire
,
(
from
whence
I
conceiue
this
Want
of
Showers
commeth
chiefly
;
)
The
Cause
must
be
,
for
that
the
Aire
is
,
of
it selfe
,
Thin
and
Thirsty
;
And
as
soone
as
euer
it
getteth
any
Moisture
from
the
Water
,
it
imbibeth
,
and
dissipateth
it
,
in
the
whole
body
of
the
Aire
;
And
suffereth
it
not
to
remaine
in
Vapour
;
Whereby
it
might
breed
Raine
.
It
hath
beene
touched
in
the
Title
of
Percolations
,
(
Namely
such
as
are
Inwards
,
)
that
the
Whites
of
Eggs
,
and
Milke
,
doe
clarifie
;
And
it
is
certaine
,
that
in
AEgypt
,
they
prepare
and
clarifie
the
Water
of
Nile
,
by
putting
it
into
great
Iarres
of
Stone
,
and
Stirring
it
about
with
a
few
Stamped
Almonds
;
Wherewith
they
also
besmeare
the
Mouth
of
the
Vessell
;
And
so
draw
it
off
,
after
it
hath
rested
some
time
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
Clarification
.
It
were
good
,
to
trie
this
Clarifying
with
Almonds
,
in
New
Beere
,
or
Must
,
to
hasten
,
and
perfect
the
Clarifying
.
There
be
scarce
to
be
found
any
Vegetables
,
that
haue
Branches
,
and
no
Leaues
;
except
you
allow
Corall
for
one
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
Plants
without
Leaues
But
there
is
also
in
the
Desarts
of
S.
Macario
in
AEgypt
,
a
Plant
which
is
Long
,
Leauelesse
,
Browne
of
Colour
,
and
Branched
like
Corall
,
saue
that
it
closeth
at
the
Top.
This
being
set
in
Water
within
House
,
spreadeth
and
displayeth
strangely
;
And
the
People
thereabouts
haue
a
Superstitious
Beleefe
,
that
in
the
Labour
of
Women
,
it
helpeth
to
the
Easie
Deliuerance
.
The
Crystalline
Venice
Glasse
,
is
reported
to
be
a
Mixture
,
in
equall
Portions
,
of
Stones
,
brought
from
Pauia
,
by
the
Riuer
Ticinum
;
And
the
Ashes
of
a
Weed
called
by
the
Arabs
Kall
,
which
is
gathered
in
a
Desart
betweene
Alexandria
and
Rosetta
;
And
is
by
the
AEgyptians
vsed
first
for
Fuell
;
And
then
they
crush
the
Ashes
into
Lumps
,
like
a
Stone
;
And
so
sell
them
to
the
Venetians
for
their
Glasse-workes
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
the
Materials
of
Glasse
.
It
is
strange
,
and
well
to
be
noted
,
how
long
Carkasses
haue
continued
Vncorrupt
,
and
in
their
former
Dimensions
;
As
appeareth
in
the
Mummies
of
AEgypt
;
Hauing
lafted
,
as
is
conceiued
,
(
some
of
them
,
)
three
thousand
yeeres
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
Prohibition
of
Putrefaction
,
and
the
Long
Conseruation
of
Bodies
.
It
is
true
,
they
finde
Meanes
to
draw
forth
the
Braines
,
and
to
take
forth
the
Entrailes
,
which
are
the
Parts
apteft
to
corrupt
.
But
that
is
nothing
to
the
Wonder
:
For
wee
see
,
what
a
Soft
and
Corruptible
Substance
the
Flesh
,
of
all
the
other
Parts
of
the
Body
,
is
.
But
it
should
seeme
,
that
according
to
our
Obseruation
,
and
Axiorne
,
in
our
hundredth
Experiment
,
Putrefaction
,
which
we
conceiue
to
be
so
Naturall
a
Period
of
Bodies
,
is
but
an
Accident
;
And
that
Matter
maketh
not
that
Haste
to
Corruption
,
that
is
conceiued
.
And
therefore
Bodies
,
in
Shining-Amber
;
In
Quicke-Siluer
;
In
Balmes
,
(
whereof
wee
now
speake
;
)
In
Wax
;
In
Honey
;
In
Gummes
;
And
(
it
may
be
)
in
Conseruatories
of
Snow
;
&c.
are
preserued
very
long
.
It
need
not
goe
for
Repetition
,
if
we
resume
againe
that
which
wee
said
in
the
aforesaid
Experiment
,
concerning
Annihilation
;
Namely
,
that
if
you
prouide
against
three
Causes
of
Putrefaction
,
Bodies
will
not
corrupt
:
The
First
is
,
that
the
Aire
be
excluded
;
For
that
vndermineth
the
Body
,
and
conspireth
with
the
Spirit
of
the
Body
to
dissolue
it
.
The
Second
is
,
that
the
Body
Adiacent
and
Ambiens
be
not
Commateriall
,
but
meerely
Heterogeneall
towards
the
Body
that
is
to
be
presured
:
For
if
Nothing
can
be
receiued
by
the
One
,
Nothing
can
issue
from
the
Other
,
Such
are
Quick-Siluer
,
&
White-Amber
,
to
Herbs
,
and
Flies
,
and
such
Bodies
.
The
Third
is
,
that
the
Body
to
be
preserued
,
be
not
of
that
Grasse
,
that
it
may
corrupt
within
it selfe
,
although
no
Part
of
it
issue
into
the
Body
Adiacent
:
And
therefore
it
must
be
rather
Thinne
,
and
Small
,
than
of
Bulke
.
There
is
a
Fourth
Remedie
also
,
which
is
;
That
if
the
Body
to
be
preserued
be
of
Bulke
,
as
a
Corps
is
,
then
the
Body
that
Incloseth
it
,
must
haue
a
Vertue
to
draw
forth
,
and
drie
the
Moisture
of
the
Inward
Body
;
For
else
the
Putrefaction
will
play
within
,
though
Nothing
issue
forth
.
I
remember
Liuy
doth
relate
,
that
there
were
found
,
at
a
time
,
two
Coffins
of
Lead
,
in
a
Tombe
;
Whereof
the
one
contained
the
Body
of
King
Numa
;
It
being
some
foure
hundred
yeares
after
his
Death
:
And
the
other
,
his
Bookes
of
Sacred
Rites
and
Ceremonies
,
and
the
Discipline
of
the
Pontises
;
And
that
in
the
Coffin
that
had
the
Body
,
there
was
Nothing
(
at
all
)
to
be
seene
,
but
a
little
light
Cinders
about
the
Sides
;
But
in
the
Coffin
that
had
the
Bookes
,
they
were
found
as
fresh
,
as
if
they
had
beene
but
newly
Written
;
being
written
in
Parchment
,
and
couered
ouer
with
Watch-Candles
of
Wax
,
three
or
foure
fold
.
By
this
it
seemeth
,
that
the
Romans
.
in
Numa's
time
,
were
not
so
good
Embalmers
,
as
the
AEgyptians
were
;
Which
was
the
Cause
that
the
Body
was
vtterly
consumed
.
But
I
finde
in
Plutarch
,
and
Others
,
that
when
Augustus
Caesar
visited
the
Sepulchre
of
Alexander
,
the
Great
,
in
Alexandria
,
he
found
the
Body
to
keepe
his
Dimension
;
But
withall
,
that
,
notwithstanding
all
the
Embalming
,
(
which
no
doubt
was
of
the
best
,
)
the
Body
was
so
Tender
,
as
Caesar
touching
but
the
Nose
of
it
,
defaced
it
.
Which
maketh
mee
finde
it
very
strange
,
that
the
Egyptian
Mummies
should
be
reported
to
be
as
Hard
as
Stone-Pitch
:
For
I
finde
no
difference
but
one
;
Which
indeed
may
be
very
Materiall
;
Namely
,
that
the
Ancient
AEgyptian
Mummies
,
were
shrowded
in
a
Number
of
Folds
of
Linnen
,
besmeared
with
Gums
,
in
manner
of
Seare-Cloth
;
Which
it
doth
not
appeare
was
practised
vpon
the
Body
of
Alexander
.
Neare
the
Castle
of
Catie
,
and
by
the
Wells
of
Assan
,
in
the
Land
of
Idumea
,
a
great
Part
of
the
Way
,
you
would
thinke
the
Sea
were
neare
hand
,
though
it
be
a
good
distance
off
:
And
it
is
Nothing
,
but
the
Shining
of
the
Nitre
,
vpon
the
Sea-Sands
;
Such
Abundance
of
Nitre
the
Shores
there
doe
put
forth
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
the
Abundance
of
Nitre
in
certaine
Sea-Shoares
.
The
Dead-Sea
,
which
vomiteth
vp
Bitumen
,
is
of
that
Crassitude
,
as
Liuing
Bodies
bound
Hand
and
Foot
,
cast
into
it
,
haue
beene
borne
vp
and
not
sunke
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
Bodies
that
are
borne
vp
by
Water
.
Which
sheweth
,
that
all
Sinking
into
Water
,
is
but
an
Ouer-Weight
of
the
Body
,
put
into
the
Water
,
in
respect
of
the
Water
:
So
that
you
may
make
Water
so
strong
,
and
heauy
,
of
Quicke-Siluer
,
(
perhaps
,
)
or
the
like
,
as
may
beare
vp
Iron
:
Of
which
I
see
no
Vse
,
but
Imposture
.
Wee
see
also
,
that
all
Metalls
,
except
Gold
,
for
the
same
reason
swimme
vpon
Quicke-Siluer
.
It
is
reported
,
that
at
the
Feet
of
a
Hill
,
neare
the
More
mortuum
,
there
is
a
Blacke
Stone
,
(
whereof
Pilgrims
make
Fires
,
)
which
burneth
like
a
Coale
,
and
diminisheth
not
;
But
only
waxeth
Brighter
,
and
Whiter
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
Fuell
,
that
consumeth
little
,
or
nothing
.
That
it
should
doe
so
,
is
not
strange
;
For
wee
see
Iron
Red
Hot
burneth
,
and
consumeth
not
:
But
the
Strangenesse
is
,
that
it
should
continue
any
time
so
:
For
Iron
,
as
soone
as
it
is
out
of
the
Fire
,
deadeth
straight
waies
.
Certainly
,
it
were
a
Thing
of
great
Vse
,
and
Profit
,
if
you
could
finde
out
Fuell
,
that
would
burne
Hot
,
and
yet
last
long
,
Neither
am
I
altogether
Incredulous
,
but
there
may
be
such
Candles
,
as
they
say
are
made
of
Salamanders
Wooll
;
Being
a
Kinde
of
Minerall
,
which
whiteneth
also
in
the
Burning
,
and
consumeth
not
.
The
Question
is
this
;
Flame
must
be
made
of
somewhat
;
And
commonly
it
is
made
of
some
Tangible
Body
,
which
hath
Weight
:
But
it
is
not
impossible
,
perhaps
,
that
it
should
be
made
of
Spirit
,
or
Vapour
,
in
a
Body
;
(
which
Spirit
on
Vapour
hath
no
Weight
;
)
such
as
is
the
Matter
of
Ignis
●●●●●s
.
But
then
you
will
say
,
that
that
Vapour
also
can
last
but
a
short
time
:
To
that
it
may
be
answered
,
That
by
the
helpe
of
Oile
,
and
Wax
,
and
other
Candle-Stuffe
,
the
Flame
may
continue
,
and
the
Wieke
not
burne
.
Sea-Coale
last
longer
than
Char-Coale
;
And
Char-Coale
of
Roots
,
being
coaled
into
great
Peeces
,
last
longer
than
Ordinary
Char-Coale
,
Turfe
,
and
Peat
,
and
Cow-Sheards
,
are
cheape
Fuels
,
and
last
long
.
Experiment
Solitary
Oeconomicall
touching
Cheape
Fuell
.
Small-Coale
,
or
Briar-Coale
,
powred
vpon
Char-Coale
,
make
them
last
longer
.
Sedge
is
a
cheape
Fuell
to
Brew
,
or
Bake
with
;
the
rather
because
it
is
good
for
Nothing
else
.
Triall
would
be
made
of
some
Mixture
of
Sea-Coale
with
Earth
,
or
Chalko
;
For
if
that
Mixture
be
,
as
the
Sea-Coale-Men
vse
it
,
priuily
,
to
make
the
Bulke
of
the
Coale
greater
,
it
is
Deceit
;
But
if
it
be
vsed
purposely
,
and
be
made
knowne
,
it
is
Sauing
.
It
is
,
at
this
Day
,
in
vse
,
in
G●●●●
to
couch
Pat-Sheards
or
Vessels
of
Earth
,
in
their
Walls
,
to
gather
the
Wind
from
the
Top
;
and
to
passe
it
downe
in
Spouts
into
Roomes
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
the
Gathering
of
Wind
for
Freshnesse
.
It
is
a
Deuice
for
Freshnesse
,
in
great
Heats
:
And
it
is
said
,
there
are
some
Roomes
in
Italie
,
and
Spaine
,
for
Freshnesse
,
and
Gathering
the
Winds
,
and
Aire
,
in
the
Heats
of
Summer
.
But
they
be
but
Pennings
of
the
Winds
,
and
Enlarging
them
againe
,
and
Making
them
Reuerberate
,
and
goe
round
in
Circles
,
rather
than
this
Deuice
of
Spouts
in
the
Wall
.
There
would
be
vsed
much
diligence
,
in
the
Choice
of
some
Bodies
,
and
Places
,
(
as
it
were
,
)
for
the
Testing
of
Aire
;
to
discouer
the
Wholesomenesse
or
Vnwholesomenesse
,
as
well
of
Seasons
,
as
of
the
Seats
of
Dwellings
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
the
Trials
of
Aires
.
It
is
certaine
,
that
there
be
some
Heuses
,
wherein
Confitures
,
and
Pies
,
will
gather
Mould
,
more
than
in
Others
.
And
I
am
perswaded
,
that
a
Peece
of
Raw
Flesh
,
or
Fish
,
will
sooner
corrupt
in
some
Aires
,
than
in
Others
.
They
be
noble
Experiments
,
that
can
make
this
Discouerie
;
For
they
serue
for
a
Naturall
Diuination
of
Seasons
;
Better
than
the
Astronomer
can
by
their
Figures
:
And
againe
,
they
teach
Men
where
to
chuse
their
Dwelling
,
for
their
better
Health
.
There
is
a
Kinde
of
Stone
,
about
Bethles●
,
which
they
grinde
to
Powder
,
and
put
into
Water
,
whereof
Cattell
drinke
;
Which
maketh
them
giue
more
Milke
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
Increasing
of
Milke
in
Milch
Beasts
.
Surely
,
there
would
be
some
better
Trialls
made
of
Mixtures
of
Water
in
Ponds
for
Cattell
,
to
make
them
more
Milch
;
Or
to
Fatten
them
;
Or
to
Keepe
them
from
Murraine
,
It
may
be
,
Chalke
,
and
Nitre
,
are
of
the
best
.
It
is
reported
,
that
in
the
Valley
,
neare
the
Mountaine
Carmel
,
in
Iudea
,
there
is
a
Sand
,
which
,
of
all
other
,
hath
most
Affinitie
with
Glasse
;
Insomuch
as
other
Mineralls
,
laid
in
it
,
turne
to
a
Glassie
Substance
,
without
the
Fire
;
And
againe
Glasse
put
into
it
,
turneth
into
the
Mother-Sand
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
Sand
of
the
Nature
of
Glasse
.
The
Thing
is
very
strange
,
if
it
be
true
:
And
it
is
likeliest
to
be
Caused
by
some
Naturall
Fornace
,
or
Heat
in
the
Earth
:
And
yet
they
doe
not
speake
of
any
Eruption
of
Flames
.
It
were
good
to
trie
in
Glasse-Workes
,
whether
the
Crude
Materialls
of
Glasse
,
mingled
with
Glasse
,
already
made
,
and
Re-moulten
,
doe
not
facilitate
the
Making
of
Glasse
with
lesse
Heat
.
In
the
Sea
,
vpon
the
South-West
of
Sicilie
,
much
Corall
is
found
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
the
Growth
of
Corall
.
It
is
a
Sub-Marine
Plan.
It
hath
no
Leanes
:
It
brancheth
only
when
it
is
vnder
Water
;
It
is
Soft
,
and
Greene
of
Colour
;
But
being
brought
into
the
Aire
,
it
becommeth
Hard
,
and
Shining
Red
,
as
wee
see
.
It
is
said
also
,
to
haue
a
White
Berry
;
But
wee
finde
it
not
brought
ouer
with
the
Corall
.
Belike
it
is
cast
away
as
nothing
worth
:
Inquire
better
of
it
,
for
the
Difcouerie
of
the
Nature
of
the
Plant.
The
Manns
of
Calabria
is
the
best
,
and
in
most
Plenty
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
the
Gathering
of
Manna
.
They
gather
it
from
the
Leafe
of
the
Mulberry
Tree
;
But
not
of
such
Mulberry
Trees
,
as
grow
in
the
Valley's
.
And
Manns
falleth
vpon
the
Leaues
by
Night
,
as
other
Deawes
doe
.
It
should
seeme
,
that
before
those
Deawes
come
vpon
Trees
in
the
Valley's
,
they
dissipate
,
and
cannot
hold
out
.
It
should
seeme
also
,
the
Mulberry-Leafe
,
it selfe
,
hath
some
Coagulating
Vertue
,
which
inspissateth
the
Deaw
,
for
that
it
is
not
found
vpon
other
Trees
:
And
wee
see
by
the
Silke-Worme
,
which
feedeth
vpon
that
Leafe
,
what
's
Dainty
Smooth
Iuyce
it
hath
;
And
the
Leaues
also
,
(
especially
of
the
Blacke
Mulberry
,
)
are
somewhat
Bristly
,
which
may
helpe
to
preserue
the
Deaw
.
Certainly
,
it
were
not
amisse
,
to
obscrue
a
little
better
,
the
Deawes
that
fall
vpon
Trees
,
or
Herbs
,
Growing
on
Mountaines
;
For
,
it
may
be
,
many
Deawes
fall
,
that
spend
before
they
come
to
the
Valleys
.
And
I
suppose
,
that
he
that
would
gather
the
best
May-Deaw
for
Medicine
,
should
gather
it
from
the
Hills
.
It
is
said
,
they
haue
a
manner
,
to
prepare
their
Greeke-Wines
,
to
keepe
them
from
Fuming
,
and
Inebriating
,
by
adding
some
Sulphur
,
or
Allome
:
Whereof
the
one
is
Vnctnous
,
and
the
other
is
Astringent
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
the
Correcting
of
Wine
.
And
certaine
it
is
,
that
those
two
Natures
doe
best
represse
Fumes
.
This
Experiment
would
be
transferred
,
vnto
other
Wine
,
and
Strong
Beere
,
by
Putting
in
some
like
Substances
,
while
they
worke
;
Which
may
make
them
both
to
Fume
lesse
,
and
to
Inflame
lesse
.
It
is
conceiued
by
some
,
(
not
improbably
,
)
that
the
reason
,
why
Wilde-Fires
,
(
Whereof
the
principall
Ingredient
is
Bitumen
,
)
doe
not
quench
with
Water
,
is
,
for
that
the
first
Concretion
of
Bitumen
is
a
Mixture
,
of
a
Fiery
,
and
Watry
Substance
:
So
is
not
Sulphur
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
the
Materialls
of
Wild-Fire
.
This
appeareth
,
for
that
in
the
Place
neare
Puteoli
,
which
they
call
the
Court
of
Valcan
,
you
shall
heare
,
vnder
the
Earth
,
a
Horrible
Thundring
of
Fire
,
and
Water
,
conflicting
together
:
And
there
breake
forth
also
Spouts
of
Boyling
Water
.
Now
that
Place
yeeldeth
great
Quantities
of
Bitumen
;
Whereas
AEtna
,
and
Vesuuius
,
and
the
like
,
which
consist
vpon
Sulphur
,
shoot
forth
Smoake
,
and
Ashes
,
and
Pumice
,
but
no
Water
.
It
is
reported
also
,
that
Bitumen
Mingled
with
Lime
,
and
Put
vnder
Water
,
will
make
,
as
it
were
,
an
Artificiall
Rocke
;
The
Substance
becommeth
so
Hard.
There
is
a
Cement
,
compounded
of
Floure
,
Whites
of
Egges
,
and
Stone
powdred
,
that
becommeth
Hard
as
Marble
;
wherewith
Piscina
mirabilis
,
neare
Cuma
,
is
said
to
haue
the
Walls
Plastered
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
Plaster
growing
as
Hard
as
Marble
.
And
it
is
certaine
,
and
tried
,
that
the
Powder
of
Load-Stone
,
and
Flint
,
by
the
Addition
of
Whites
of
Egges
,
and
Gumm-Dragon
,
made
into
Paste
,
will
in
a
few
dayes
harden
to
the
Hardnesse
of
a
Stone
.
It
hath
beene
noted
by
the
Ancients
,
that
in
Full
or
Impure
Bodies
,
Vlcers
or
Hurts
in
the
Leggs
,
are
Hard
to
Cure
;
And
in
the
Head
more
Easie.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
Iudgement
of
the
Cure
in
some
Vlcers
and
Hurts
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
Vlcers
or
Hurts
in
the
Leggs
require
Deficcation
,
which
by
the
Defluxion
of
Humours
to
the
Lower
Parts
is
hindred
;
Whereas
Hurts
and
Vlcers
in
the
Head
require
it
not
;
But
contrariwise
Drinesse
maketh
them
more
apt
to
Consolidate
.
And
in
Moderne
Obseruation
,
the
like
difference
hath
beene
found
,
betweene
French-Men
,
and
English-Men
;
Where
of
the
ones
Constitution
is
more
Dry
,
and
the
others
more
Moist
.
And
therefore
a
Hurt
of
the
Head
is
harder
to
cure
in
a
French-Man
,
and
of
the
Legge
in
an
English-Man
.
It
hath
beene
noted
by
the
Ancients
,
that
Southerne
Winds
,
blowing
much
,
without
Raine
,
doe
cause
a
Feuourous
Disposition
of
the
Yeare
;
But
with
Raine
,
not
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
the
Healthfulnesse
or
Vnhealthfulnesse
of
the
Southerne
Wind.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
Southerne
Winds
doe
,
of
themselues
,
qualifie
the
Aire
,
to
be
apt
to
cause
Feuers
;
But
when
Showers
are
ioyned
,
they
doe
Refrigerate
in
Part
,
and
Checke
the
Sultry
Heat
of
the
Southerne
Wind.
Therefore
this
holdeth
not
in
the
Sea-Coasts
,
because
the
Vapour
of
the
Sea
,
without
Showers
,
doth
refresh
.
It
hath
beene
noted
by
the
Ancients
,
that
Wounds
which
are
made
with
Brasse
,
heale
more
easily
,
than
Wounds
made
with
Iron
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
Wounds
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
Brasse
hath
,
in
it selfe
,
a
Sanatiue
Vertue
;
And
so
in
the
very
Instant
helpeth
somewhat
:
But
Iron
is
Corrosiue
,
and
not
Sanatiue
.
And
therefore
it
were
good
,
that
the
Instruments
which
are
vsed
by
Chirurgians
about
Wounds
,
were
rather
of
Brasse
,
than
Iron
.
In
the
Cold
Countries
,
when
Mens
Noses
,
and
Eares
are
Mortified
,
and
(
as
it
were
)
Gangrened
with
Cold
,
if
they
come
to
a
Fire
,
they
rot
off
presently
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
Mortification
by
Cold.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
the
few
Spirits
,
that
remaine
in
those
Parts
,
are
suddenly
drawne
forth
,
and
so
Putrefaction
is
made
Compleat
.
But
Snow
Put
vpon
them
,
helpeth
;
For
that
it
preserueth
those
Spirits
that
remaine
,
till
they
can
reuiue
;
And
besides
,
Snow
hath
in
it
a
Secret
Warmth
:
As
the
Monke
proued
out
of
the
Text
;
Qui
dat
Niuem
sicut
Lanam
,
Gelu
sicut
Cineres
spargit
.
Whereby
he
did
inferre
,
that
Snow
did
warme
like
Wooll
,
and
Frost
did
fret
like
Ashes
.
Warme
Water
also
doth
good
,
Because
by
little
and
little
it
openeth
the
Pores
,
without
any
sudden
Working
vpon
the
Spirits
.
This
Experiment
may
be
transferred
vnto
the
Cure
of
Gangrenes
,
either
Comming
of
themselues
,
or
induced
by
too
much
Applying
of
Opiates
:
Wherein
you
must
beware
of
Dry
Heat
,
and
resort
to
Things
that
are
Refrigerant
,
with
an
Inward
Warmth
,
and
Vertue
of
Cherishing
.
Weigh
Iron
,
and
Aqua
Fortis
,
seuerally
;
Then
dissolue
the
Iron
in
the
Aqua
Fortis
:
And
weigh
the
Dissolution
;
And
you
shall
finde
it
to
beare
as
good
Weight
,
as
the
Bodies
did
seuerally
:
Notwithstanding
a
good
deale
of
Wast
,
by
a
thicke
Vapour
,
that
issueth
during
the
Working
:
Which
sheweth
,
that
the
Opening
of
a
Body
,
doth
increase
the
Weight
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
Weight
.
This
was
tried
once
,
or
twice
,
but
I
know
not
,
whether
there
were
any
Errour
,
in
the
Triall
.
Take
of
Aqua-Fortis
two
Ounces
,
of
Quick-siluer
two
Drachmes
;
(
For
that
Charge
the
Aqua-Fortis
will
beare
;
)
The
Dissolution
will
not
beare
a
Flint
,
as
big
as
a
Nutmeg
:
Yet
(
no
doubt
)
the
Increasing
of
the
Weight
of
Water
,
will
increase
his
Power
of
Bearing
:
As
we
see
Broine
,
when
it
is
Salt
enough
,
will
beare
an
Egge
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
the
Super-Natation
of
Bodies
.
And
I
remember
well
a
Physitian
,
that
vsed
to
giue
some
Minerall
Baths
for
the
Gout
.
&c.
And
the
Body
when
it
was
put
into
the
Bath
,
could
not
get
downe
so
easily
,
as
in
Ordinary
Water
.
But
it
seemeth
,
the
Weight
of
the
Quick-siluer
,
more
than
the
Weight
of
a
Stone
;
doth
not
compense
the
Weight
of
a
Stone
,
more
than
the
Weight
of
the
Aqua-Fortis
.
Let
there
be
a
Body
of
Vnequall
Weight
;
(
As
of
Wood
and
Lead
,
or
Bone
and
Lead
;
)
If
you
throw
it
from
you
with
the
Light-End
forward
it
will
turne
,
and
the
Weightier
End
will
recouer
to
be
Forwards
;
Vnlesse
the
Body
be
Ouer-long
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
the
Flying
of
Vnequall
Bodies
in
the
Aire
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
the
more
Dense
Body
,
hath
a
more
Violent
Pressure
of
the
Parts
,
from
the
first
Impulsion
;
Which
is
the
Cause
,
(
though
heretofore
not
found
out
,
as
hath
been
often
said
,
)
of
all
Violent
Motions
:
And
when
the
Hinder
Part
moueth
swifter
,
(
for
that
it
lesse
endureth
Pressure
of
Parts
,
)
than
the
Forward
Part
can
make
way
for
it
,
it
must
needs
be
,
that
the
Body
turne
ouer
:
For
(
turned
)
it
can
more
easily
draw
forward
the
Lighter
Part.
Ga●●laeus
noteth
it
well
;
That
if
an
Open
Trough
,
wherein
Water
is
,
be
driuen
faster
than
the
Water
can
follow
,
the
Water
gathereth
vpon
an
heape
,
towards
the
Hinder
End
,
where
the
Motion
began
;
Which
he
supposeth
,
(
holding
confidently
the
Motion
of
the
Earth
,
)
to
be
the
Cause
of
the
Ebbing
and
Flowing
of
the
Ocean
;
Because
the
Earth
ouer-runneth
the
Water
.
Which
Theory
,
though
it
be
false
,
yet
the
first
Experiment
is
true
.
As
for
the
Inequality
of
the
Pressure
of
Parts
,
it
appeareth
manifestly
in
this
;
That
if
you
take
a
Body
of
Stone
,
or
Iron
,
and
another
of
Wood
,
of
the
same
Magnitude
,
and
Shape
,
and
throw
them
with
equall
Force
,
you
cannot
possibly
throw
the
Wood
,
so
farre
,
as
the
Stone
,
or
Iron
.
It
is
certaine
,
(
as
it
hath
beene
formerly
,
in
part
,
touched
,
)
that
Water
may
be
the
Medium
of
Sounds
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
Water
,
that
it
may
be
the
Medium
of
Sounds
.
If
you
dash
a
Stone
against
a
Stone
in
the
Bottome
of
the
Water
,
it
maketh
a
Sound
.
So
a
long
Pole
strucke
vpon
Grauell
,
in
the
Bottome
of
the
Water
,
maketh
a
Sound
.
Nay
,
if
you
should
thinke
that
the
Sound
commeth
vp
by
the
Pole
,
and
not
by
the
Water
,
you
shall
finde
that
an
Anchor
,
let
downe
by
a
Roape
,
maketh
a
Sound
;
And
yet
the
Roape
is
no
Solide
Body
,
whereby
the
Sound
can
ascend
.
All
Obiects
of
the
Senses
,
which
are
very
Offensiue
,
doe
cause
the
Spirits
to
retire
;
And
vpon
their
Flight
,
the
Parts
are
(
in
some
degree
)
destitute
;
And
so
there
is
induced
in
them
a
Trepidation
and
Horrour
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
of
the
Flight
of
the
Spirits
vpon
Odious
Obiects
.
For
Sounds
,
we
see
that
the
Grating
of
a
Saw
,
or
any
very
Harsh
Noise
,
will
set
the
Teeth
on
edge
,
and
make
all
the
Body
Shiuer
.
For
Tastes
,
we
see
that
in
the
Taking
of
a
Potion
,
or
Pills
,
the
Head
,
and
the
Necke
shake
.
For
Odious
Smells
,
the
like
Effect
followeth
,
which
is
lesse
perceiued
,
because
there
is
a
Remedy
at
hand
,
by
Stopping
of
the
Nose
:
But
in
Horses
,
that
can
vse
no
such
Help
,
we
see
the
Smell
of
a
Carrion
,
especially
of
a
Dead
Horse
,
maketh
them
fly
away
,
and
take
on
,
almost
as
if
they
were
Mad.
For
Feeling
,
if
you
come
out
of
the
Sunne
,
suddenly
,
into
a
Shade
,
there
followeth
a
Chilnesse
or
Shiuering
in
all
the
Body
.
And
euen
in
Sight
,
which
hath
(
in
effect
)
no
Odious
Obiect
,
Comming
into
Sudden
Darknesse
,
induceth
an
Offer
to
Shiuer
.
There
is
,
in
the
City
of
Ticinum
,
in
Italy
,
a
Church
,
that
hath
Windownes
onely
from
aboue
:
It
is
in
Length
an
Hundred
Feet
,
in
Breadth
Twenty
Feet
,
and
in
Height
neare
Fifty
;
Hauing
a
Doore
in
the
Middest
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
the
Super-Reflexion
of
Eccho's
.
It
reporteth
the
Voice
,
twelue
or
thirteene
times
,
if
you
stand
by
the
Close
End-Wall
,
ouer
against
the
Doore
.
The
Eccho
fadeth
,
and
dyeth
by
little
and
little
,
as
the
Eccho
at
Pont-charenton
doth
.
And
the
Voice
soundeth
,
as
if
it
came
from
aboue
the
Doore
.
And
if
you
stand
at
the
Lower
End
,
or
on
either
Side
of
the
Doore
,
the
Eccho
holdeth
;
But
if
you
stand
in
the
Doore
,
or
in
the
Middest
iust
ouer
against
the
Doore
,
not
.
Note
that
all
Eccho's
sound
better
against
Old
Walls
,
than
New
;
Because
they
are
more
Dry
,
and
Hollow
.
Those
Effects
,
which
are
wrought
by
the
Percussion
of
the
Sense
,
and
by
Things
in
Fact
,
are
produced
likewise
,
in
some
degree
,
by
the
Imagination
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
the
Force
of
Imagination
,
Im●●a
●●ng
that
of
the
Sense
.
Therefore
if
a
Man
see
another
eat
Soure
or
Acide
Things
,
which
set
the
Teeth
on
edge
,
this
Obiect
tainteth
the
Imagination
.
So
that
hee
that
seeth
the
Thing
done
by
another
,
hath
his
owne
Teeth
also
set
on
edge
.
So
if
a
Man
see
another
turne
swiftly
,
and
long
;
Or
if
he
looke
vpon
Wheeles
that
turne
,
Himselfe
waxeth
Turne-sicke
.
So
if
a
Man
be
vpon
an
High
Place
,
without
Railes
,
or
good
Hold
,
except
he
be
vsed
to
it
,
he
is
Ready
to
Fall
:
For
Imagining
a
Fall
,
it
putteth
his
Spirits
into
the
very
Action
of
a
Fall
.
So
Many
vpon
the
Seeing
of
others
Bleed
,
or
Strangled
,
or
Tortured
,
Themselues
are
ready
to
faint
,
as
if
they
Bled
,
or
were
in
Strife
.
Take
a
Stocke-Gilly-Flower
,
and
tye
it
gently
vpon
a
Sticke
,
and
put
them
both
into
a
Stoope
Glasse
,
full
of
Quick-siluer
,
so
that
the
Flower
be
couered
:
Then
lay
a
little
Weight
vpon
the
Top
of
the
Glasse
,
that
may
keepe
the
Sticke
downe
;
And
looke
vpon
them
after
foure
or
fiue
daies
;
And
you
shall
finde
the
Flower
Fresh
,
and
the
Stalke
Harder
,
and
lesse
Flexible
,
than
it
was
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
Preseruation
of
Bodies
.
If
you
compare
it
with
another
Flower
,
gathered
at
the
same
time
,
it
will
be
the
more
manifest
.
This
sheweth
,
that
Bodies
doe
preserue
excellently
in
Quick-siluer
;
And
not
preserue
only
,
but
,
by
the
Coldnesse
of
the
Quick-siluer
,
Indurate
;
For
the
Freshnesse
of
the
Flower
may
be
meerely
Conseruation
;
(
which
is
the
more
to
be
obserued
because
the
Quick-Siluer
presseth
the
Flower
;
)
But
the
Stiffenesse
of
the
Stalke
,
cannot
be
without
Induration
,
from
the
Cold
(
as
it
seemeth
,
)
of
the
Quick-siluer
.
It
is
reported
by
some
of
the
Ancients
,
that
in
Cyprus
,
there
is
a
Kinde
of
Iron
,
that
being
cut
into
Little
Peeces
,
and
put
into
the
Ground
,
if
it
be
well
Watred
,
will
increase
into
Greater
Peeces
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
the
Growth
,
or
Multiplying
of
Metalis
.
This
is
certaine
,
and
knowne
of
Old
;
That
Lead
will
multiply
,
and
Increase
;
As
hath
beene
seene
in
Old
Statua's
of
Stone
,
which
haue
beene
put
in
Cellars
;
The
Feet
of
them
being
bound
with
Leaden
Bands
;
Where
(
after
a
time
,
)
there
appeared
,
that
the
Lead
did
swell
;
Insomuch
as
it
hanged
vpon
the
Stone
like
Warts
.
I
call
Drowning
of
Metalls
,
when
that
the
Baser
Metall
,
is
so
incorporate
with
the
more
Rich
,
as
it
can
by
no
Meanes
be
separated
againe
:
which
is
a
kinde
of
Version
,
though
False
:
As
if
Siluer
should
be
inseparably
incorporated
with
Gold
;
Or
Copper
,
and
Lead
,
with
Siluer
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
the
Drowning
of
the
mne
Base
Metall
in
the
more
Pretious
.
The
Ancient
Electrum
had
in
it
a
Fifth
of
Siluer
to
the
Gold
;
And
made
a
Compound
Metall
,
as
fit
for
most
vses
,
as
Gold
;
And
more
Resplendent
,
and
more
Qualified
in
some
other
Properties
;
But
then
that
was
easily
Separated
.
This
to
doe
priuily
,
or
to
make
the
Compound
passe
for
the
Rich
Metall
Simple
,
is
an
Adulteration
,
or
Counterfeiting
:
But
if
it
be
done
Auowedly
,
and
without
Disguizing
,
it
may
be
a
great
Sauing
of
the
Richer
Metall
.
I
remember
to
haue
heard
of
a
Man
,
skilfull
in
Metalls
,
that
a
Fifteenth
Part
of
Siluer
,
incorporate
with
Gold
,
will
not
be
Recouered
by
any
Water
of
Separation
;
Except
you
put
a
Greater
Quantity
of
Siluer
,
to
draw
to
it
the
Lesse
;
which
(
he
said
)
is
the
last
Refuge
in
Separations
.
But
that
is
a
tedious
way
,
which
no
Man
(
almost
)
will
thinke
on
.
This
would
be
better
enquired
;
And
the
Quantity
of
the
Fifteenth
turned
to
a
Twentieth
;
And
likewise
with
some
little
Additionall
,
that
may
further
the
Intrinsique
Incorporation
.
Note
that
Siluer
in
Gold
will
be
detected
by
Weight
,
compared
with
the
Dimension
;
But
Lead
in
Silver
,
(
Lead
being
the
Weightier
Metall
,
)
will
not
be
detected
;
If
you
take
so
much
the
more
Siluer
,
as
will
counteruaile
the
Ouer-Weight
of
the
Lead
.
Gold
is
the
onely
Substance
,
which
hath
nothing
in
it
Volatile
,
and
yet
melteth
without
much
difficulty
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
Fixation
of
Bodies
.
The
Melting
sheweth
that
it
is
not
Ieiune
,
or
Scarce
in
Spirit
.
So
that
the
Fixing
of
it
,
is
not
Want
of
Spirit
to
fly
out
,
but
the
Equall
Spreading
of
the
Tangible
Parts
,
and
the
Close
Coaceruation
of
them
:
Whereby
they
haue
the
lesse
Appetite
,
and
no
Meanes
(
at
all
)
to
issue
forth
.
It
were
good
therefore
to
try
,
whether
Glasse
Re-moulten
doe
leese
any
Weight
?
For
the
Parts
in
Glasse
are
euenly
Spred
;
But
they
are
not
so
Close
as
in
Gold
;
As
we
see
by
the
Easie
Admission
of
Light
,
Heat
,
and
Cold
;
And
by
the
Smalnesse
of
the
Weight
.
There
be
other
Bodies
,
Fixed
,
which
haue
little
,
or
no
Spirit
:
So
as
there
is
nothing
to
fly
out
;
As
wee
see
in
the
Stuffe
,
whereof
Coppells
are
made
;
Which
they
put
into
Furnaces
;
Vpon
which
Fire
worketh
not
:
So
that
there
are
three
Causes
of
Fixation
;
The
Euen
Spreading
both
of
the
Spirits
,
and
Tangible
Parts
;
The
Closenesse
of
the
Tangible
Parts
;
And
the
Ieiunenesse
or
Extreme
Comminution
of
Spirits
:
Of
which
Three
,
the
Two
First
may
be
ioyned
with
a
Nature
Liquefiable
;
The
Last
not
.
It
is
Profound
Contemplation
in
Nature
,
to
consider
of
the
Emptinesse
,
(
as
we
may
call
it
,
)
or
Insatisfaction
of
seuerall
Bodies
;
And
of
their
Appetite
to
take
in
Others
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
the
Restlesse
Nature
of
Things
in
Themselues
,
and
their
Desire
to
Change
.
Aire
taketh
in
Lights
,
and
Sounds
,
and
Smells
,
and
Vapours
;
And
it
is
most
manifest
,
that
it
doth
it
,
with
a
kinde
of
Thirst
,
as
not
satisfied
with
his
owne
former
Consistence
;
For
else
it
would
neuer
receiue
them
in
so
suddenly
,
and
easily
.
Water
,
and
all
Liquours
,
doe
hastily
receiue
Dry
and
more
Terrestriall
Bodies
,
Proportionable
:
And
Dry
Bodies
,
on
the
other
side
,
drinke
in
Waters
,
and
Liquours
:
So
that
,
(
as
it
was
well
said
,
by
one
of
the
Ancients
,
of
Earthy
and
Watry
Substances
,
)
One
is
a
Glue
to
another
.
Parchment
,
Skins
,
Cloth
,
&c.
drinke
in
Liquours
,
though
themselues
be
Entire
Bodies
,
and
not
Comminuted
,
as
Sand
,
and
Ashes
;
Nor
apparently
Porous
:
Metalls
themselues
doe
receiue
in
readily
Strong-Waters
;
And
Strong-Waters
likewise
doe
readily
pierce
into
Metalls
,
and
Stones
:
And
that
Strong-Water
will
touch
vpon
Gold
,
that
will
not
touch
vpon
Siluer
;
And
è
conuerso
.
And
Gold
,
which
seemeth
by
the
Weight
,
to
be
the
Closest
,
and
most
Solide
Body
,
doth
greedily
drinke
in
Quick-Siluer
.
And
it
seemeth
,
that
this
Reception
of
other
Bodies
,
is
not
Violent
:
For
it
is
(
many
times
)
Reciprocall
,
and
as
it
were
with
Consent
.
Of
the
Cause
of
this
,
and
to
what
Axiome
it
may
be
referred
,
consider
attentiuely
;
For
as
for
the
Pretty
Assertion
,
that
Matter
is
like
a
Common
Strumpet
,
that
desireth
all
Formes
,
it
is
but
a
Wandring
Notion
.
Onely
Flame
doth
not
content
it selfe
to
take
in
any
other
Body
;
But
either
,
to
ouercome
and
turne
another
Body
into
it Selfe
,
as
by
Victory
;
Or
it Selfe
to
dye
,
and
goe
out
,
NATVRALL
HISTORIE
.
IX
.
Century
.
IT
is
certaine
,
that
all
Bodies
whatsoeuer
,
though
they
haue
no
Sense
,
yet
they
haue
Perception
:
For
when
one
Body
is
applied
to
another
,
there
is
a
Kinde
of
Election
,
to
embrace
that
which
is
Agreeable
,
and
to
exclude
or
expell
that
which
is
Ingrate
:
And
whether
the
Body
be
Alterant
,
or
Altered
,
euermore
a
Perception
precedeth
Operation
:
For
else
all
Bodies
would
be
alike
One
to
Another
.
Experiments
in
Consort
,
touching
Perception
in
Bodies
Insensible
,
tending
to
Natural
Diuination
,
or
Subtill
Trials
.
And
sometimes
this
Perception
,
in
some
Kinde
of
Bodies
,
is
farre
more
Subtill
than
the
Sense
;
So
that
the
Sense
is
but
a
dull
Thing
in
Comparison
of
it
:
Wee
see
a
Weather-Glasse
,
will
finde
the
least
difference
of
the
Weather
,
in
Heat
,
or
Cold
,
when
Men
finde
it
not
.
And
this
Perception
also
,
is
sometimes
at
Distance
,
as
well
as
vpon
the
Touch
;
As
when
the
Load-Stone
draweth
Iron
;
or
Flame
fireth
Naphtha
of
Babylon
,
a
great
distance
off
.
It
is
therefore
a
Subiect
of
a
very
Noble
Enquiry
,
to
enquire
of
the
more
Subtill
Perceptions
;
For
it
is
another
Key
to
open
Nature
,
as
well
as
the
Sense
;
And
sometimes
Better
.
And
besides
,
it
is
a
Principall
Meanes
of
Naturall
Diuination
;
For
that
which
in
these
Perceptions
appeareth
early
,
in
the
great
Effects
commeth
long
after
.
It
is
true
also
,
that
it
serueth
to
discouer
that
which
is
Hid
,
as
well
as
to
foretell
that
which
is
to
Come
;
As
it
is
in
many
Subtill
Trialls
;
As
to
trie
whether
Seeds
be
old
,
or
new
,
the
Sense
cannot
informe
:
But
if
you
boile
them
in
Water
,
the
New
Seeds
will
sprout
sooner
:
And
so
of
Water
,
the
Taste
will
not
discouer
the
best
Water
;
But
the
Speedy
Consuming
of
it
,
and
many
other
Meanes
,
which
we
haue
heretofore
set
downe
,
will
discouer
it
.
So
in
all
Physiognomy
,
the
Lineaments
of
the
Body
will
discouer
those
Naturall
Inclinations
of
the
Minde
,
which
Dissimulation
will
conceale
,
or
Discipline
will
suppresse
.
Wee
shall
therefore
now
handle
only
,
those
two
Perceptions
,
which
pertaine
to
Naturall
Diuination
,
and
Discouery
:
Leauing
the
Handling
of
Perception
in
other
Things
,
to
be
disposed
Elsewhere
.
Now
it
is
true
,
that
Diuination
is
attained
by
other
Meanes
;
As
if
you
know
the
Causes
;
If
you
know
the
Concomitants
;
you
may
iudge
of
the
Effect
to
follow
:
And
the
like
may
be
said
of
Discouery
;
But
wee
tie
our Selues
here
,
to
that
Diuination
and
Discouery
chiefly
,
which
is
Caused
by
an
Early
,
or
Subtill
Perception
.
The
Aptnesse
or
Propension
of
Aire
,
or
Water
,
to
Corrupt
or
Putrifie
,
(
no
doubt
,
)
is
to
be
found
before
it
breake
forth
into
manifest
Effects
of
Diseases
,
Blastings
,
or
the
like
.
Wee
will
therefore
set
downe
some
Prognosticks
of
Pestilentiall
and
Vnwholsome
Yeares
.
The
Wind
blowing
much
from
the
South
,
without
Raine
;
And
Wormes
in
the
Oake-Apple
;
haue
beene
spoken
of
before
.
Also
the
Plenty
of
Frogs
,
Grashappers
,
Flies
,
and
the
like
Creatures
bred
of
Putrefaction
,
doth
portend
Pestilentiall
Yeares
.
Great
,
and
Early
Heats
in
the
Spring
,
(
and
namely
in
May
,
)
without
Winds
,
portend
the
same
;
And
generally
so
doe
Yeares
with
little
Wind
,
or
Thunder
.
Great
Droughts
in
Summer
,
lasting
till
towards
the
End
of
August
,
and
some
Gentle
Showres
vpon
them
;
And
then
some
Drie
Weather
againe
;
Doe
portend
a
Pestilent
Summer
,
the
Yeare
following
:
For
about
the
End
of
August
,
all
the
Sweetnesse
of
the
Earth
,
which
goeth
into
Plants
,
and
Trees
,
is
exhaled
;
(
And
much
more
if
the
August
be
dry
;
)
So
that
nothing
then
can
breathe
forth
of
the
Earth
,
but
a
grosse
Vapour
,
which
is
apt
to
Corrupt
the
Aire
:
And
that
Vapour
,
by
the
first
Showres
,
if
they
be
Gentle
,
is
released
,
and
commeth
forth
abundantly
.
Therefore
they
that
come
abroad
soone
after
those
Showres
,
are
commonly
taken
with
Sicknesse
:
And
in
Affricke
,
no
Body
will
stirre
out
of
doores
,
after
the
first
Showres
.
But
if
the
Showres
come
vehemently
,
then
they
rather
wash
and
fill
the
Earth
,
than
giue
it
leaue
to
breathe
forth
presently
.
But
if
Drie
Weather
come
againe
,
then
it
fixeth
and
continueth
the
Corruption
of
the
Aire
,
vpon
the
first
Showres
begun
;
And
maketh
it
of
ill
Influence
,
euen
to
the
Next
Summer
;
Except
a
very
Frostie
Winter
discharge
it
;
Which
seldome
succeedeth
such
Droughts
.
The
Lesser
Infections
,
of
the
Small
Pockes
,
Purple
Feuers
,
Agues
,
in
the
Summer
Precedent
,
and
houering
all
Winter
,
doe
portend
a
great
Pestilence
in
the
Summer
following
;
For
Putrefaction
doth
not
rise
to
his
height
at
once
.
It
were
good
to
lay
a
Peece
of
Raw
Flesh
,
or
Fish
,
in
the
Open
Aire
;
And
if
it
Putrefie
quickly
,
it
is
a
Signe
of
a
Disposition
in
the
Aire
to
Putrefaction
.
And
because
you
cannot
be
informed
,
whether
the
Putrefaction
be
quicke
or
late
,
except
you
compare
this
Experiment
with
the
like
Experiment
in
another
Yeare
,
it
were
not
amisse
,
in
the
same
Yeare
,
and
at
the
same
Time
,
to
lay
one
Peece
of
Flesh
,
or
Fish
,
in
the
Open
Aire
,
and
another
of
the
same
Kinde
and
Bignesse
,
within
Doores
:
For
I
iudge
,
that
if
a
generall
Disposition
be
in
the
Aire
to
Putrefie
,
the
Flesh
,
or
Fish
,
will
sooner
Putrefie
abroad
,
where
the
Aire
hath
more
power
,
than
in
the
House
,
where
it
hath
lesse
,
being
many
wayes
corrected
.
And
this
Experiment
would
be
made
about
the
End
of
March
:
For
that
Season
is
likest
to
discouer
,
what
the
Winter
hath
done
;
And
what
the
Summer
following
will
doe
vpon
the
Aire
.
And
because
the
Aire
(
no
doubt
)
receiueth
great
Tincture
,
and
Infusion
from
the
Earth
;
It
were
good
to
trie
that
Exposing
of
Flesh
,
or
Fish
,
both
vpon
a
Stake
of
Wood
,
some
heighth
aboue
the
Earth
,
and
vpon
the
Flat
of
the
Earth
.
Take
May-Dew
,
and
see
whether
it
putrifie
quickly
,
or
no
?
For
that
likewise
may
disclose
the
Qualitie
of
the
Aire
,
and
Vapour
of
the
Earth
,
more
or
lesse
Corrupted
.
A
Drie
March
,
and
a
Drie
May
,
portend
a
Wholesome
Summer
,
if
there
be
a
Showring
Aprill
betweene
:
But
otherwise
,
it
is
a
Signe
of
a
Pestilentiall
Yeare
.
As
the
Discouerie
of
the
Disposition
of
the
Aire
,
is
good
for
the
Prognosticks
of
Wholesome
,
and
Vnwholesome
Yeares
;
So
it
is
of
much
more
vse
,
for
the
Choice
of
Places
to
dwell
in
:
At
the
least
,
for
Lodges
,
and
Retiring
Places
for
Health
;
(
For
Mansion
Houses
respect
Prouisions
,
as
well
as
Health
;
Wherein
the
Experiments
aboue
mentioned
may
serue
.
But
for
the
Choice
of
Places
,
or
Seats
,
it
is
good
to
make
Triall
,
not
only
of
Aptnesse
of
Aire
to
corrupt
,
but
also
of
the
Moisture
and
Drinesse
of
the
Aire
;
and
the
Temper
of
it
,
in
Heat
,
or
Cold
;
For
that
may
concerne
Health
diuersly
.
Wee
see
that
there
be
some
Houses
,
wherein
Sweet
Meats
will
relent
,
and
Baked
Meats
will
mould
,
more
than
in
others
;
And
Wainscoats
will
also
sweat
more
;
so
that
they
will
almost
run
with
Water
:
All
which
,
(
no
doubt
,
)
are
caused
chiefly
by
the
Moistnesse
of
the
Aire
,
in
those
Seats
.
But
because
it
is
better
to
know
it
,
before
a
Man
buildeth
his
House
,
than
to
finde
it
after
,
take
the
Experiments
following
.
Lay
Wooll
,
or
a
Sponge
,
or
Bread
,
in
the
Place
you
would
trie
,
comparing
it
with
some
other
Places
;
And
see
whether
it
doth
not
moisten
,
and
make
the
Wooll
,
or
Sponge
,
&c.
more
Ponderous
,
than
the
other
?
And
if
it
doe
,
you
may
iudge
of
that
Place
,
as
Situate
in
a
Grosse
,
and
Moist
Aire
.
Because
it
is
certaine
,
that
in
some
Places
,
either
by
the
Nature
of
the
Earth
,
or
by
the
Situation
of
Woods
,
and
Hills
,
the
Aire
is
more
Vnequall
,
than
in
Others
;
and
Inequalitie
of
Aire
is
euer
an
Enemy
to
Health
;
It
were
good
to
take
two
Weather-Glasses
,
Matches
in
all
things
,
and
to
set
them
,
for
the
same
Houres
of
One
day
,
in
seuerall
Places
,
where
no
Shade
is
,
nor
Enclosures
:
And
to
marke
,
when
you
set
them
,
how
farre
the
Water
commeth
;
And
to
compare
them
,
when
you
come
againe
,
how
the
Water
standeth
then
:
And
if
you
finde
them
Vnequall
,
you
may
be
sure
that
the
Place
where
the
Water
is
lowest
,
is
in
the
Warmer
Aire
,
and
the
other
in
the
Colder
.
And
the
greater
the
Inequalitie
be
,
of
the
Ascent
,
or
Descent
of
the
Water
,
the
greater
is
the
Inequalitie
of
the
Temper
of
the
Aire
.
The
Predictions
likewise
of
Cold
and
Long
Winters
,
and
Hot
and
Drie
Summers
,
are
good
to
be
knowne
;
As
well
for
the
Discouerie
of
the
Causes
,
as
for
diuers
Prouisions
.
That
of
Plenty
of
Hawes
,
and
Heps
,
and
Briar-Berries
,
hath
beene
spoken
of
before
.
If
Wainscast
,
or
Stone
,
that
haue
vsed
to
Sweat
,
be
more
drie
,
in
the
Beginning
of
Winter
;
Or
the
Drops
of
the
Eaues
of
Houses
come
more
slowly
downe
,
than
they
vse
;
it
portendeth
a
Hard
and
Frostie
Winter
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
it
sheweth
an
Inclination
of
the
Aire
,
to
Drie
Weather
;
which
in
Winter
is
euer
ioyned
with
Frost
.
Generally
,
a
Moist
and
Coole
Summer
,
portendeth
a
Hard
Winter
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
the
Vapours
of
the
Earth
,
are
not
dissipated
in
the
Summer
,
by
the
Sunne
;
And
so
they
rebound
vpon
the
Winter
.
A
Hot
and
Drie
Summer
,
and
Autumne
,
and
especially
if
the
Heat
and
Drought
extend
farre
into
September
,
portendeth
an
Open
Beginning
of
Winter
;
And
Colds
to
succeed
,
toward
the
latter
Part
of
the
Winter
,
and
the
Beginning
of
the
Spring
:
For
till
then
,
the
former
Heat
and
Drought
beare
the
Sway
;
And
the
Vapours
are
not
sufficiently
Multiplied
.
An
Open
and
Warme
Winter
portendeth
a
Hot
and
Drie
Summer
:
For
the
Vapours
disperse
into
the
Winter
Showres
;
Whereas
Cold
and
Frost
keepeth
them
in
,
and
transporteth
them
into
the
late
Spring
,
and
Summer
following
.
Birds
that
vse
to
change
Countries
,
at
certaine
Seasons
,
if
they
come
Earlier
,
doe
shew
the
Temperature
of
Weather
,
according
to
that
Country
whence
they
came
:
As
the
Winter-Birds
,
(
namely
Woodcocks
,
Feldefares
,
&c.
)
if
they
come
earlier
,
and
out
of
the
Northerne
Countries
,
with
vs
shew
Cold
Winters
.
And
if
it
be
in
the
same
Country
,
then
they
shew
a
Temperature
of
Season
,
like
vnto
that
Season
in
which
they
come
:
As
swallowes
,
Bats
,
Cuckooes
,
&c.
that
come
towards
Summer
,
if
they
come
early
,
shew
a
Hot
Summer
to
follow
.
The
Prognosticks
,
more
Immediate
,
of
Weather
to
follow
soone
after
,
are
more
Certaine
than
those
of
Seasons
.
The
Resounding
of
the
Sea
vpon
the
Shoare
;
And
the
Murmur
of
Winds
in
the
Woods
,
without
apparent
Wind
;
shew
Wind
to
follow
:
For
such
Winds
,
breathing
chiefly
out
of
the
Earth
,
are
not
at
the
first
perceiued
,
except
they
be
pent
,
by
Water
,
or
Wood.
And
therefore
a
Murmur
out
of
Caues
likewise
portendeth
as
much
.
The
Vpper
Regions
of
the
Aire
,
perceiue
the
Collection
of
the
Matter
of
Tempest
,
and
Winds
,
before
the
Aire
here
below
:
And
therefore
the
Obscuring
of
the
Smaller
Starres
is
is
a
Signe
of
Tempests
following
.
And
of
this
kinde
you
shall
finde
a
Number
of
Instances
in
our
Inquisition
De
Ventis
.
Great
Mountaines
haue
a
Perception
of
the
Disposition
of
the
Aire
to
Tempests
,
sooner
than
the
Valley's
or
Plaines
below
:
And
therefore
they
say
in
Wales
,
when
certaine
Hills
haue
their
Night-Cups
on
,
they
meane
Mischiefe
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
Tempests
,
which
are
for
the
most
part
bred
aboue
,
in
the
Middle
Region
,
(
as
they
call
it
,
)
are
soonest
perceiued
to
collect
in
the
Places
next
it
.
The
Aire
,
and
Fire
,
haue
Subtill
Perceptions
of
Wind
Rising
,
before
Men
finde
it
.
Wee
see
the
Trembling
of
a
Candle
will
discouer
a
Wind
that
otherwise
wee
doe
not
feele
;
And
the
Flexuous
Burning
of
Flames
doth
shew
the
Aire
beginneth
to
be
vnquiet
;
And
so
doe
Coales
of
Fire
by
Casting
off
the
Ashes
more
than
they
vse
.
The
Cause
,
is
,
for
that
no
Wind
,
at
the
first
,
till
it
hath
strooke
and
driven
the
Aire
,
is
Apparent
to
the
Sense
:
But
Flame
is
easier
to
moue
,
than
Aire
:
And
for
the
Ashes
,
it
is
no
maruell
,
though
Wind
vnperceiued
shake
them
off
;
For
wee
vsually
trie
,
which
way
the
Wind
bloweth
,
by
casting
vp
Grasse
,
or
Chaffe
,
or
such
light
Things
,
into
the
Aire
.
When
Wind
expireth
from
vnder
the
Sea
;
As
it
causeth
some
Resounding
of
the
Water
,
(
whereof
wee
spake
before
,
)
so
it
causeth
some
Light
Motions
of
Bubbles
,
and
White
Circles
of
Froth
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
the
Wind
cannot
be
perceiued
by
the
Sense
,
vntill
there
be
an
Eruption
of
a
great
Quantitie
,
from
vnder
the
Water
;
And
so
it
getteth
into
a
Body
:
Whereas
in
the
first
Putting
vp
it
commeth
in
little
Portions
.
We
spake
of
the
Ashes
,
that
Coales
cast
off
;
And
of
Grasse
,
and
Chaffe
carried
by
the
Wind
;
So
any
Light
Thing
that
moueth
,
when
we
finde
no
Wind
,
sheweth
a
Wind
at
hand
:
As
when
Feathers
,
or
Downe
of
Thistles
,
fly
to
and
fro
in
the
Aire
.
For
Prognosticks
of
Weather
from
Liuing
Creatures
,
it
is
to
be
noted
;
That
Creatures
that
Liue
in
the
Open
Aire
,
(
Sub
Diô
,
)
must
needs
haue
a
Quicker
Impression
from
the
Aire
,
than
Men
that
liue
most
within
Doores
;
And
especially
Birds
,
who
liue
in
the
Aire
,
freest
,
and
clearest
;
And
are
aptest
by
their
Voice
to
tell
Tales
,
what
they
finde
;
And
likewise
by
the
Motion
of
their
Flight
to
expresse
the
same
.
Water-Fowles
,
(
as
Sea-Gulls
,
More-Hens
,
&c.
)
when
they
flocke
and
fly
together
,
from
the
Sea
towards
the
Shores
;
And
contrariwise
,
Land-Birds
,
(
as
Crowes
,
Swallowes
,
&c.
)
when
they
fly
from
the
Land
to
the
Waters
,
and
beat
the
Waters
with
their
Wings
;
doe
fore-shew
Raine
,
and
Wind.
The
Cause
is
,
Pleasure
,
that
both
Kindes
take
in
the
Moistnesse
,
and
Density
of
the
Aire
:
And
so
desire
to
be
in
Motion
,
and
vpon
the
Wing
,
whither
soeuer
they
would
otherwise
goe
:
For
it
is
no
Maruell
,
that
Water-Fowle
doe
ioy
most
in
that
Aire
,
which
is
likest
Water
;
And
Land-Birds
also
,
(
many
of
them
,
)
delight
in
Bathing
,
and
Moist
Aire
.
For
the
same
Reason
also
,
many
Birds
doe
proine
their
Feathers
;
And
Geese
doe
gaggle
;
And
Crowes
seeme
to
call
vpon
Raine
:
All
which
is
but
the
Comfort
they
seeme
to
receiue
in
the
Relenting
of
the
Aire
.
The
Heron
,
when
she
foareth
high
,
(
so
as
sometimes
she
is
seene
to
passe
ouer
a
Cloud
,
)
sheweth
Winds
:
But
Kites
flying
aloft
,
shew
Faire
and
Dry
Weather
.
The
Cause
may
be
,
for
that
they
both
mount
most
into
the
Aire
,
of
that
Temper
,
wherein
they
delight
:
And
the
Heron
,
being
a
Water-Fowle
,
taketh
pleasure
in
the
Aire
,
that
is
Condensed
:
And
besides
,
being
but
Heauy
of
Wing
,
needeth
the
Helpe
of
the
Grosser
Aire
.
But
the
Kite
affecteth
not
so
much
the
Grossenesse
of
the
Aire
,
as
the
Cold
and
Freshnesse
thereof
;
For
being
a
Bird
of
Prey
,
and
therefore
Hot
,
she
delighteth
in
the
Fresh
Aire
;
And
(
many
times
)
flyeth
against
the
Wind
;
As
Trouts
,
and
Salmons
swimme
against
the
Streame
.
And
yet
it
is
true
also
,
that
all
Birds
finde
an
Ease
in
the
depth
of
the
Aire
;
As
Swimmers
doe
in
a
Deepe
Water
.
And
therefore
when
they
are
aloft
,
they
can
vphold
themselues
with
their
Wings
Spred
,
scarce
mouing
them
.
Fishes
,
when
they
play
towards
the
Top
of
the
Water
,
doe
commonly
foretell
Raine
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
a
Fish
hating
the
Dry
,
will
not
approach
the
Aire
,
till
it
groweth
Moist
;
And
when
it
is
Dry
,
will
fly
it
,
and
Swimme
Lower
.
Beasts
doe
take
Comfort
,
(
generally
,
)
in
a
Moist
Aire
;
And
it
maketh
them
eat
their
Meat
better
:
And
therefore
Sheepe
will
get
vp
betimes
in
the
Morning
,
to
feed
,
against
Raine
:
And
Cattell
,
and
Deere
,
and
Conneyes
,
will
feed
hard
before
Raine
:
And
a
Heifer
,
will
put
vp
his
Nose
,
and
snuffe
in
the
Aire
,
against
Raine
.
The
Trifoile
,
against
Raine
,
swelleth
in
the
Stalke
;
and
so
standeth
more
vpright
;
For
by
Wet
,
Stalkes
doe
erect
,
and
Leaues
bow
downe
.
I
here
is
a
Small
Red
Flower
in
the
Stubble-Fields
,
which
Country
People
call
the
Wincopipe
;
Which
if
it
open
in
the
Morning
,
you
may
be
sure
of
a
faire
Day
to
follow
.
Euen
in
Men
,
Aches
,
and
Hurts
,
and
Cornes
,
doe
engrieue
,
either
towards
Raine
,
or
towards
Frost
:
For
the
One
maketh
the
Humours
more
to
Abound
;
And
the
Other
maketh
them
Sharper
.
So
we
see
both
Extremes
bring
the
Gout
.
Wormes
,
Vermine
,
&c.
doe
fore-shew
(
likewise
)
Raine
:
For
Earth-wormes
will
come
forth
,
and
Moules
will
cast
vp
more
,
and
Fleas
bite
more
,
against
Raine
.
Solide
Bodies
likewise
fore-shew
Raine
.
As
Stones
,
and
Wainscot
,
when
they
sweat
:
And
Boxes
,
and
Peggs
of
Wood
,
when
they
Draw
,
and
Wind
hard
;
Though
the
Former
be
but
from
an
Outward
Cause
;
For
that
the
Stone
,
or
Wainscot
,
turneth
and
beateth
backe
the
Aire
against
it selfe
;
But
the
latter
is
an
Inward
Swelling
of
the
Body
of
the
Wood
it selfe
.
Apetite
is
moued
chiefly
by
Things
that
are
Cold
,
and
Dry
:
The
Cause
,
is
for
that
Cold
is
a
Kinde
of
Indigence
of
Nature
,
and
calleth
vpon
Supply
;
And
so
is
Drinesse
:
And
therefore
all
Soure
Things
,
(
as
Vinegar
,
Iuyce
of
Limons
,
Oyle
of
Vitrioll
,
&c.
)
prouoke
Appetite
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
the
Nature
of
Appetite
in
the
Stomach
.
And
the
Disease
,
which
they
call
Appetitus
Caninus
,
consisteth
in
the
Matter
of
an
Acide
and
Glassy
Flegme
,
in
the
Mouth
of
the
Stomach
.
Appetite
is
also
moued
by
Soure
Things
;
For
that
Soure
Things
,
induce
a
Contraction
in
the
Nerues
,
placed
in
the
Mouth
of
the
Stomach
;
Which
is
a
great
Cause
of
Appetite
.
As
for
the
Cause
,
why
Onions
,
and
Salt
,
and
Pepper
,
in
Baked
Meats
,
moue
Appetite
,
it
is
by
Vellication
of
those
Nerues
;
For
Motion
whetteth
.
As
for
Worme-Wood
,
Oliues
,
Capers
,
and
others
of
that
kinde
,
which
participate
of
Bitternesse
,
they
moue
Appetite
by
Abstersion
.
So
as
there
be
foure
Principall
Causes
of
Appetite
;
The
Refrigeration
of
the
Stomach
,
ioyned
with
some
Drinesse
;
Contraction
;
Vellication
;
And
Abstersion
:
Besides
Hunger
,
which
is
an
Emptinesse
:
And
yet
Ouer
Fasting
doth
(
many
times
)
cause
the
Appetite
to
cease
;
For
that
Want
of
Meat
maketh
the
Stomach
draw
Humours
;
And
such
Humours
as
are
Light
,
and
Cholericke
,
which
quench
Appetite
most
.
It
hath
beene
obserued
by
the
Ancients
,
that
where
a
Raine-Bow
seemeth
no
hang
ouer
,
or
to
touch
,
there
breatheth
forth
a
Sweet
Smell
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
Sweetnesse
of
Odour
from
the
Rainbow
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
this
happeneth
but
in
certaine
Matters
,
which
haue
in
themselues
some
Sweetnesse
;
Which
the
Gentle
Dew
of
the
Raine-Bow
doth
draw
forth
.
And
the
like
doe
Safe
Showers
;
For
they
also
make
the
Ground
Sweet
:
But
none
are
so
delicate
as
the
Dew
of
the
Rain-bow
,
where
it
falleth
.
It
may
be
also
,
that
the
Water
it selfe
bath
some
Sweetnesse
:
For
the
Raine-Bow
consisteth
of
a
Glo●●eration
of
Small
Drops
,
which
cannot
possibly
fall
,
but
from
the
Aire
,
that
is
very
Low
:
And
therefore
may
hold
the
very
Sweetnesse
of
the
Herbs
,
and
Flowers
,
as
a
Distilled
Water
:
For
Raine
,
and
other
Dew
,
that
fall
from
high
,
cannot
preserue
the
Smell
,
being
dissipated
in
the
drawing
vp
:
Neither
doe
we
know
,
whether
some
Water
it selfe
,
may
not
haue
some
degree
of
Sweetnesse
.
It
is
true
,
that
wee
finde
it
sensibly
in
no
Poole
,
Riuer
,
nor
Fountaine
;
But
good
Earth
,
newly
turned
vp
,
hath
a
Freshnesse
,
and
good
Sent
;
Which
water
,
if
it
be
not
too
Equall
,
(
For
Equall
Obiects
neuer
moue
the
Sense
.
)
may
also
haue
.
Certaine
it
is
,
that
Bay-Salt
,
which
is
but
a
kinde
of
Water
Congealed
,
will
sometimes
smell
like
Violets
.
To
Sweet
Smells
Heat
is
requisite
,
to
Concoct
the
Matter
;
And
some
Moisture
to
Spread
the
Breath
of
them
.
For
Heat
,
we
see
that
Woods
,
and
Spices
,
are
more
Odorate
in
the
Hot
Countries
,
than
in
the
Cold
:
For
Moisture
,
we
see
that
Things
too
much
Dried
,
lose
their
Sweetnesse
:
And
Flowers
growing
,
smell
better
in
a
Morning
,
or
Euening
,
than
at
Noone
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
Sweet
Smells
.
Some
Sweet
Smells
are
destroyed
by
Approach
to
the
Fire
;
As
Violets
,
Wall-Flowers
,
Gilly-Flowers
,
Pinckes
;
And
generally
all
Flowers
that
haue
Coole
and
Delicate
Spirits
.
Some
continue
both
on
the
Fire
,
and
from
the
Fire
,
As
Rose-Water
,
&c.
Some
doe
scarce
come
forth
,
or
at
least
not
so
pleasantly
,
as
by
meanes
of
the
Fire
;
as
Iuniper
,
Sweet
Gums
,
&c.
And
all
Smells
,
that
are
Enclosed
in
a
Fast
Body
:
But
(
generally
)
those
Smells
are
the
most
Gratefull
,
where
the
Degree
of
Heat
is
Small
;
Or
where
the
Strength
of
the
Smell
is
allayed
;
For
these
Things
doe
rather
wooe
the
Sense
,
than
Satiate
it
.
And
therefore
the
Smell
of
Violets
,
and
Roses
,
exceedeth
in
Sweetnesse
that
of
Spices
,
and
Gummes
;
And
the
Strongest
Sort
of
Smells
,
are
best
in
a
weft
,
a
farre
off
.
It
is
certaine
,
that
no
Smell
issueth
,
but
with
Emission
of
some
Corporeall
Substance
;
Not
as
it
is
in
Light
,
and
Colours
,
and
in
Sounds
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
the
Corportall
Substance
of
Smells
.
For
wee
see
plainly
,
that
Smell
doth
spread
nothing
that
distance
,
that
the
other
doe
.
It
is
true
,
that
some
Woods
of
Orenges
,
and
Heathes
of
Rose-Mary
,
will
Smell
a
great
way
into
the
Sea
,
perhaps
twenty
Miles
;
But
what
is
that
,
since
a
Peale
of
Ordnance
will
do
as
much
,
which
moueth
in
a
small
compasse
?
Whereas
those
Woods
,
and
Heathes
,
are
of
Vast
Spaces
:
Besides
we
see
that
Smells
doe
adhere
to
Hard
Bodies
;
As
in
Persuming
of
Gloues
,
&c.
which
sheweth
them
Corporeall
;
And
doe
Last
a
great
while
,
which
Sounds
,
and
Light
doe
not
.
The
Excrements
of
most
Creatures
Smell
ill
;
Chiefly
to
the
same
Creature
that
voideth
them
:
For
we
see
,
besides
that
of
Man
,
that
Pigeons
,
and
Horses
thriue
best
,
if
their
Houses
,
and
Stables
be
kept
Sweet
;
And
so
of
Cage-Birds
:
And
the
Cat
burieth
that
which
shee
voideth
:
And
it
holdeth
chiefly
in
those
Beasts
,
which
feed
vpon
Flesh.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
Fetide
and
Fragrant
Odours
.
Dogs
(
almost
)
onely
of
Beasts
,
delight
in
Fetide
Odours
;
Which
sheweth
there
is
somewhat
in
their
Sense
of
Smell
,
differing
from
the
Smells
of
other
Beasts
.
But
the
Cause
,
why
Excrements
smell
ill
,
is
manifest
;
For
that
the
Body
it selfe
reiecteth
them
;
Much
more
the
Spirits
:
And
we
see
,
that
those
Excrements
,
that
are
of
the
First
Digestion
;
Smell
the
worst
;
As
the
Excrements
from
the
Belly
:
Those
that
are
from
the
Second
Digestion
,
lesse
ill
;
As
Vrine
;
And
those
that
are
from
the
Third
,
yet
lesse
;
For
Sweat
is
not
so
bad
,
as
the
other
two
;
Especially
of
some
Persons
,
that
are
full
of
Heat
.
Likewise
most
Putrefactions
are
of
an
Odious
Smell
:
For
they
smell
either
Fetide
,
or
Mouldy
.
The
Cause
may
be
,
for
that
Putrefaction
doth
bring
forth
such
a
Consistence
,
as
is
most
Contrary
to
the
Consistence
of
the
Body
,
whilst
it
is
Sound
:
For
it
is
a
meere
dissolution
of
that
Forme
.
Besides
,
there
is
another
Reason
which
is
Profound
:
And
it
is
,
that
the
Obiects
that
please
any
of
the
Senses
,
haue
(
all
)
some
Equality
,
and
(
as
it
were
)
Order
,
in
their
Composition
:
But
where
those
are
wanting
,
the
Obiect
is
euer
Ingrate
.
So
Mixture
of
many
Disagreeing
Colours
is
euer
vnpleasant
to
the
Eye
:
Mixture
of
Discordant
Sounds
is
vnpleasant
to
the
Eare
:
Mixture
,
or
Hotch-Potch
of
many
Tastes
,
is
vnpleasant
to
the
Taste
:
Harshnesse
and
Ruggednesse
of
Bodies
,
is
vnpleasant
to
the
Touch
:
Now
it
is
certaine
,
that
all
Putrefaction
,
being
a
Dissolution
of
the
first
Forme
,
is
a
meere
Confusion
,
and
Vnformed
Mixture
of
the
Part.
Neuerthelesse
,
it
is
strange
,
and
seemeth
to
Crosse
the
former
Obseruation
,
that
some
Putrefactions
and
Excrements
doe
yeeld
Excellent
Odours
;
As
Ciuet
,
and
Muske
;
And
as
some
thinke
Amber-Greece
:
For
diuers
take
it
,
(
though
vnprobably
,
)
to
come
from
the
Sperme
of
Fish
:
And
the
Mosse
,
wee
spake
of
from
Apple-Trees
,
is
little
better
than
an
Excretion
.
The
Reason
may
be
,
for
that
there
passeth
in
the
Excrements
,
and
remaineth
in
the
Putrefactions
,
some
good
Spirits
;
especially
where
they
proceed
from
Creatures
,
that
are
very
Hot.
But
it
may
be
also
ioyned
with
a
further
Cause
,
which
is
more
Subtill
;
And
it
is
,
that
the
Senses
loue
not
to
be
Ouerpleased
;
But
to
haue
a
C●●●●●●
of
somewhat
is
in
it selfe
Ingrate
.
Certainly
,
we
see
how
Discords
in
Musicke
,
falling
vpon
Concords
,
make
the
Sweetest
Straines
:
And
we
see
againe
,
what
Strange
Tastes
delight
the
Taste
;
As
Red-Herrings
,
Caueary
,
Parmizan
,
&c.
And
it
may
be
,
the
same
holdeth
in
Smells
.
For
those
kinde
of
Smells
,
that
we
haue
mentioned
,
are
all
Strong
,
and
doe
Pull
and
Vellicate
the
Sense
.
And
wee
finde
also
,
that
Places
where
Men
Vrine
,
commonly
haue
some
smell
of
Violets
:
And
Vrine
,
if
one
hath
eaten
Nutmegge
,
hath
so
too
.
The
Sloathfull
,
Generall
,
and
Indefinite
Contemplations
,
and
Notions
,
of
the
Elements
,
and
their
Coniugations
;
Of
the
Influences
of
Heauen
;
Of
Heat
,
Cold
,
Moisture
,
Drought
;
Qualities
,
Active
,
Passive
;
And
the
like
;
haue
swallowed
vp
the
true
Passages
,
and
Processes
,
and
Affects
,
and
Consistences
of
Matter
,
and
Naturall
Bodies
.
Therefore
they
are
to
be
set
aside
,
being
but
Notionall
,
and
ill
Limited
;
And
Definite
Axiomes
are
to
be
drawne
out
of
Measured
Instances
:
And
so
Assent
to
be
made
to
the
more
Generall
Axiomes
,
by
Scale
.
And
of
these
Kindes
of
Processes
of
Natures
,
and
Characters
of
Matter
,
we
will
now
set
downe
some
Instances
.
All
Putrefactions
come
chiefly
from
the
Inward
Spirits
of
the
Body
;
And
partly
also
from
the
Ambient
Body
,
be
it
Aire
,
Liquour
,
or
whatsoeuer
else
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
the
Causes
of
Putrefaction
.
And
this
last
,
by
two
Meanes
:
Either
by
Ingresse
of
the
Substance
of
the
Ambient
Body
,
into
the
Body
Putrified
;
Or
by
Excitation
and
Sollicitation
of
the
Body
Putrified
,
and
the
Parts
thereof
,
by
the
Body
Ambient
.
As
for
the
Receiued
Opinion
,
that
Putrefaction
is
caused
,
either
by
Cold
,
or
Peregrine
and
Preternaturall
Heat
,
it
is
but
Nugation
:
For
Cold
in
Things
Inanimate
,
is
the
greatest
Enemy
that
is
,
to
Putrefaction
;
though
it
extinguisheth
Viuification
,
which
euer
consisteth
in
Spirits
Attenuate
.
which
the
Cold
doth
congeale
,
and
coagulate
.
And
as
for
the
Peregrins
Heat
,
it
is
thus
farre
true
;
That
if
the
Proportion
of
the
Aduentiue
Heat
,
be
greatly
Predominant
,
to
the
Naturall
Heat
,
and
Spirits
of
the
Body
,
it
tendeth
to
Dissolution
,
or
Notable
Alteration
.
But
this
is
wrought
by
Emission
,
or
Suppression
,
or
Suffocation
,
of
the
Natiue
Spirits
;
And
also
by
the
Disordination
,
and
Discomposture
of
the
Tangible
Parts
;
And
other
Passages
of
Nature
;
And
not
by
a
Conflict
of
Heats
.
In
Versions
,
or
Maine
Alterations
of
Bodies
,
there
is
a
Medium
between
the
Body
,
as
it
is
at
first
,
and
the
Body
Resulting
;
which
Medium
is
Corpus
imperfectè
Mistum
,
and
is
Transitory
,
and
not
durable
;
As
Mists
,
Smoaks
,
Vapours
,
Chylus
in
the
Stomach
,
Liuing
Creatures
in
the
first
Vinification
:
And
the
Middle
Action
,
which
produceth
such
Imperfect
Bodies
,
is
fitly
called
,
(
by
some
of
the
Ancients
,
)
Inquination
,
or
Inconcoction
,
which
is
a
Kinde
of
Putrefaction
;
For
the
Parts
are
in
Confusion
,
till
they
settle
,
one
way
,
or
other
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
Bodies
Vnperfectly
Mixt.
The
word
Concoction
,
or
Digestion
,
is
chiefly
taken
into
vse
from
Liuing
Creatures
,
and
their
Organs
;
And
from
thence
extended
to
Liquours
,
and
Fruits
,
&c.
Therefore
they
speake
of
Meat
Concocted
;
Vrine
and
Excrements
Concocted
;
And
the
Foure
Disgestions
,
(
In
the
Stomach
;
In
the
Liuer
;
In
the
Arteries
and
Nerues
;
And
in
the
Seuerall
Parts
of
the
Body
;
)
are
likewise
called
Concoctions
:
And
they
are
all
made
to
be
the
Workes
of
Heat
:
All
which
Notions
are
but
ignorant
Catches
of
a
few
Things
,
which
are
most
Obuious
to
Mens
Obseruations
.
The
Constantest
Notion
of
Concoction
is
,
that
it
should
signifie
the
Degrees
of
Alteration
,
of
one
Body
into
another
,
from
Crudity
to
Perfect
Concoction
;
Which
is
the
Vltimity
of
that
Action
,
or
Processe
:
And
while
the
Body
to
be
Conuerted
and
Altered
,
is
too
strong
for
the
Efficient
,
that
should
Conuert
,
or
Alter
it
,
(
whereby
it
resisteth
and
holdeth
fast
in
some
degree
the
first
Forme
,
or
Consistence
;
)
it
is
(
all
that
while
,
)
Crude
,
and
Inconcoct
;
And
the
Processe
is
to
be
called
Crudity
and
Inconcoction
.
It
is
true
,
that
Concoction
is
,
in
great
part
,
the
Worke
of
Heat
;
But
not
the
Worke
of
Heat
alone
:
For
all
Things
,
that
further
the
Conuersion
,
or
Alteration
,
(
as
Rest
,
Mixture
of
a
Body
already
Concocted
,
&c.
)
are
also
Meanes
to
Concoction
.
And
there
are
of
Concoction
two
Periods
;
The
one
Assimilation
,
or
Absolute
Conuersion
and
Subaction
;
The
other
Maturation
:
whereof
the
Former
is
most
conspicuous
in
the
Bodies
of
Liuing
Creatures
;
In
which
there
is
an
Absolute
Conuersion
,
and
Assimilation
of
the
Nourishment
into
the
Body
:
And
likewise
in
the
Bodies
of
Plants
:
And
againe
in
Metalls
,
where
there
is
a
full
Transmutation
.
The
other
,
(
which
is
Maturation
,
)
is
seene
in
Liquours
,
and
Fruits
;
wherein
there
is
not
desired
,
nor
pretended
,
an
vtter
Conuersion
,
but
onely
an
Alteration
to
that
Forme
,
which
is
most
sought
,
for
Mans
vse
;
As
in
Clarifying
of
Drinkes
;
Ripening
of
Fruits
,
&c.
But
note
,
that
there
be
two
Kindes
of
Absolute
Conuersions
;
The
one
is
,
when
a
Body
is
conuerted
into
another
Body
,
which
was
before
;
As
when
Nourishment
is
turned
into
Flesh
;
That
is
it
which
wee
call
Assimilation
.
The
other
is
,
when
the
Conuersion
is
into
a
Body
meerely
New
,
and
which
was
not
before
;
As
if
Siluer
should
be
turned
to
Gold
;
or
Iron
to
Copper
:
And
this
Conuersion
is
better
called
,
for
distinctions
sake
,
Transmutation
.
There
are
also
diuers
other
Great
Alterations
of
Matter
,
and
Bodies
,
besides
those
that
tend
to
Concoction
,
and
Maturation
;
For
whatsoeuer
doth
so
alter
a
Body
,
as
it
returneth
not
againe
to
that
it
was
,
may
be
called
Alteratio
Maior
:
As
when
Meat
is
Boyled
,
or
Roasted
,
or
Fried
,
&c.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
Alterations
,
which
may
be
called
Maiors
.
Or
when
Bread
and
Meat
are
Baked
;
Or
when
Cheese
is
made
of
Curds
,
or
Butter
of
Creame
,
or
Goales
of
wood
,
or
Brickes
of
Earth
;
And
a
Number
of
others
.
But
to
apply
Notions
Philosophicall
to
Plebcian
Termes
;
Or
to
say
,
where
the
Notions
cannot
fitly
be
reconciled
,
that
there
wanteth
a
Terme
,
or
Nomenclature
for
it
;
(
as
the
Ancients
vsed
;
)
They
be
but
Shifts
of
Ignorance
;
For
Knowledge
will
be
euer
a
Wandring
and
Indigested
Thing
,
if
it
be
but
a
Commixture
of
a
few
Notions
,
that
are
at
hand
and
occurre
,
and
not
excited
from
sufficient
Number
of
Instances
,
and
those
well
collated
.
The
Consistences
of
Bodies
are
very
diuers
:
Dense
,
Rare
;
Tangible
,
Pneumaticall
,
Volatile
,
Fixed
;
Determinate
,
Not
Determinate
,
Hard
,
Soft
;
Cleauing
,
Not
Cleauing
;
Congealeable
,
Not
Congealeable
;
Liquefiable
,
Not
Liquefiable
;
Fragile
,
Tough
;
Flexible
Inflexible
;
Tractile
,
or
to
be
drawen
forth
in
length
,
Intractile
;
Porous
,
Solide
;
Equall
,
and
Smooth
,
Vnequall
,
Venous
,
and
Fibrous
,
and
with
Graines
,
Entire
;
And
diuers
Others
;
All
which
to
referre
to
Heat
,
and
Cold
;
and
Moisture
,
and
Drought
,
is
a
Compendious
and
Inutile
Speculation
.
But
of
these
see
principally
our
Abecedarium
Nature
;
And
otherwise
Sparfim
in
this
in
our
Sylua
Syluarum
:
Neuerthelesse
in
some
good
part
,
We
shall
handle
diuers
of
them
now
presently
.
Liquefiable
,
and
Not
Liquefiable
,
proceed
from
these
Causes
:
Liquefaction
is
euer
caused
by
the
Detention
of
the
Spirits
,
which
play
within
the
Body
,
and
Open
it
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
Bodies
Liquefiable
,
and
not
Liquefiable
.
Therefore
such
Bodies
,
as
are
more
Turgide
of
Spirit
;
Or
that
haue
their
Spirits
more
Sraitly
Imprisoned
;
Or
againe
that
hold
them
Better
Pleased
and
Content
;
are
Liquefiable
:
For
these
three
Dispositions
of
Bodies
,
doe
arrest
the
Emission
of
the
Spirits
.
An
Example
of
the
first
two
Properties
is
in
Metalls
;
And
of
the
Last
in
Grease
,
Pitch
,
Sulphure
,
Butter
,
Wax
,
&c.
The
Disposition
not
to
Liquefie
proceedeth
from
the
Easie
Emission
of
the
Spirits
;
whereby
the
Grosser
Parts
contract
;
And
therefore
,
Bodies
Ieiune
of
Spirits
;
Or
which
part
with
their
Spirits
more
Willingly
;
are
not
Liquefiable
;
As
Wood
,
Clay
,
Free-stone
,
&c.
But
yet
,
euen
many
of
those
Bodies
,
that
will
not
Melt
,
or
will
hardly
Melt
,
will
notwithstanding
Soften
;
As
Iron
in
the
Forge
;
And
a
Sticke
bathed
in
Hot
Ashes
,
which
thereby
becommeth
more
Flexible
.
Moreouer
,
there
are
some
Bodies
,
which
doe
Liquefie
,
or
dissolue
by
Fire
;
As
Metalls
,
Wax
,
&c.
And
other
Bodies
,
which
dissolue
in
Water
;
As
Salt
,
Sugar
,
&c.
The
Cause
of
the
former
proceedeth
from
the
Dilatation
of
the
Spirits
by
Heat
:
The
Cause
of
the
Latter
proceedeth
from
the
Opening
of
the
Tangible
Parts
,
which
desire
to
receiue
the
Liquour
.
Againe
,
there
are
some
Bodies
,
that
dissolue
with
both
;
As
Gumme
,
&c.
And
those
be
such
Bodies
,
as
on
the
One
Side
haue
good
store
of
Spirit
;
And
on
the
other
Side
,
haue
the
Tangible
Parts
Indigent
of
Moisture
;
For
the
former
helpeth
to
the
Dilating
of
the
Spirits
by
the
Fire
;
And
the
Latter
stimulateth
the
Parts
to
Receiue
the
Liquour
.
Of
Bodies
,
some
are
Fragile
;
And
some
are
Tough
,
and
Not
Fragile
;
And
in
the
Breaking
,
some
Fragile
Bodies
breake
but
where
the
Force
is
;
Some
shatter
and
fly
in
many
Peeces
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
Bodies
Fragile
,
and
Tough
.
Of
Fragility
the
Cause
is
an
Impotency
to
be
Extended
:
And
therefore
Stone
is
more
Fragile
than
Metall
;
And
so
Fictile
Earth
is
more
Fragile
than
Crude
Earth
;
And
Dry
Wood
than
Greene.
And
the
Cause
of
this
Vnaptnesse
to
Extension
,
is
the
Small
Quantity
of
Spirits
;
(
For
it
is
the
Spirit
that
furthereth
the
Extension
or
Dilatation
of
Bodies
;
)
And
it
is
euer
Concomitant
with
Porosity
,
and
with
Drinesse
in
the
Tangible
Parts
:
Contrariwise
,
Tough
Bodies
haue
more
Spirit
,
and
sewer
Pores
,
and
Moister
Tangible
Parts
:
Therefore
wee
see
that
Parchment
,
or
Leather
will
stretch
,
Paper
will
not
;
Woollen
Cloth
will
tenter
,
Linnen
scarcely
.
All
Solide
Bodies
consist
of
Parts
of
two
seuerall
Natures
;
Pneumaticall
,
and
Tangible
;
And
it
is
well
to
be
noted
,
that
the
Pneumaticall
Substance
is
in
some
Bodies
,
the
Nature
Spirit
of
the
Body
;
And
in
some
other
,
plaine
Aire
that
is
gotten
in
;
As
in
Bodies
desiccate
,
by
Heat
,
or
Age
:
For
in
them
,
when
the
Natiue
Spirit
goeth
forth
,
and
the
Moisture
with
it
,
the
Aire
with
time
getteth
into
the
Pores
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
the
Two
Kindes
of
Pneumaticals
in
Bodies
And
those
Bodies
are
euer
the
more
Fragile
;
For
the
Natiue
Spirit
is
more
Yeelding
,
and
Extensiue
,
(
especially
to
follow
the
Parts
,
)
than
Aire
.
The
Natiue
Spirits
also
admit
great
Diuersitie
;
As
Hot
,
Cold
,
Active
,
Dull
,
&c.
Whence
proceed
most
of
the
Vertues
,
and
Qualities
(
as
wee
call
them
)
of
Bodies
:
But
the
Aire
intermixt
,
is
without
Vertues
,
and
maketh
Things
Infioide
,
and
without
any
Extimulation
.
The
Concretion
of
Bodies
is
(
commonly
)
solued
by
the
Contrary
;
As
Ice
,
which
is
congealed
by
Gold
,
is
dissolued
by
Heat
;
Salt
and
Sugar
,
which
are
Excocted
by
Heat
,
are
Dissolued
by
Cold
,
and
Moisture
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
Concretion
,
and
Dissolution
of
Bodies
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
these
Operations
,
are
rather
Returnes
to
their
former
Nature
,
than
Alterations
:
So
that
the
Contrary
cureth
.
As
for
Oyle
,
it
doth
neither
easily
congeale
with
Cold
,
nor
thicken
with
Heat
.
The
Cause
of
both
Effects
,
though
they
be
produced
by
Contrary
Efficients
,
seemeth
to
be
the
Same
;
And
that
is
,
because
the
Spirit
of
the
Oyle
,
by
either
Meanes
,
exhaleth
little
;
For
the
Cold
keepeth
it
in
;
and
the
Heat
,
(
except
it
be
Vehement
,
)
doth
not
call
it
forth
.
As
for
Cold
,
though
it
take
hold
of
the
Tangible
Parts
,
yet
as
to
the
Spirits
,
it
doth
rather
make
them
Swell
,
than
Congeale
them
:
As
when
Ice
is
congealed
in
a
Cup
,
the
Ice
will
Swell
in
stead
of
Contracting
;
And
sometimes
Rift
.
Of
Bodies
,
some
(
wee
see
)
are
Hard
,
and
some
Soft
:
The
Hardnesse
is
caused
(
chiefly
)
by
the
Ieiunenesse
of
the
Spirits
;
And
their
Imparitie
with
the
Tangible
Parts
:
Both
which
,
if
they
be
in
a
greater
degree
,
maketh
them
,
not
only
Hard
,
but
Fragile
,
and
lesse
Enduring
of
Pressure
;
As
Steele
,
Stone
,
Glasse
,
Drie
Wood
,
&c.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
Hard
and
Soft
Bodies
.
Softnesse
commeth
(
contrariwise
)
by
the
Greater
Quantitie
of
Spirits
;
(
which
euer
helpeth
to
Induce
Yeelding
and
Cession
;
)
And
by
the
more
Equall
Spreading
of
the
Tangible
Parts
,
which
thereby
are
more
Sliding
,
and
Following
;
As
in
Gold
,
Lead
,
Wax
,
&c.
But
note
,
that
Soft
Bodies
,
(
as
wee
vse
the
word
,
)
are
of
two
Kinds
;
The
one
,
that
easily
glueth
place
to
another
Body
,
but
altereth
not
Bulke
,
by
Rising
in
other
Places
:
And
therefore
wee
see
that
Wax
,
if
you
put
any
Thing
into
it
,
doth
not
rise
in
Bulke
,
but
only
giueth
Place
:
For
you
may
not
thinke
,
that
in
Printing
of
Wax
,
the
Wax
riseth
vp
at
all
;
But
only
the
depressed
Part
giueth
place
,
and
the
other
remaineth
as
it
was
.
The
other
,
that
altereth
Bulke
in
the
Cession
;
As
Water
,
or
other
Liquours
,
if
you
put
a
Stone
,
or
any
Thing
into
them
,
they
giue
place
(
indeed
)
easily
,
but
then
they
rise
all
ouer
:
Which
is
a
False
Cession
;
For
it
is
in
Place
,
and
not
in
Body
.
All
Bodies
Ductile
,
and
Tensile
,
(
as
Metals
that
will
be
drawne
into
Wires
;
Wooll
and
Towe
that
will
be
drawne
into
Yarne
,
or
Thred
;
)
haue
in
them
the
Appetite
of
Not
Discontinuing
,
Strong
;
Which
maketh
them
follow
the
Force
,
that
pulleth
them
out
;
And
yet
so
,
as
not
to
Discontinue
or
forsake
their
owne
Body
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
Bodies
Ductile
,
and
Tensile
.
Viscous
Bodies
,
(
likewise
,
)
as
Pitch
,
Wax
,
Bird-Lime
,
Cheese
toasted
,
will
draw
forth
,
and
roape
.
But
the
difference
betweene
Bodies
Fibrous
,
and
Bodies
Viscous
,
is
Plaine
;
For
all
Wooll
,
and
Towe
,
and
Cotton
,
and
Silke
,
(
especially
raw
Silke
,
)
haue
,
besides
their
Desire
of
Continuance
,
in
regard
of
the
Tenuitie
of
their
Thred
,
a
Greedinesse
of
Moisture
;
And
by
Moisture
to
ioyne
and
incorporate
with
other
Thred
;
Especially
if
there
be
a
little
Wreathing
;
As
appeareth
by
the
Twisting
of
Thred
;
And
the
Practise
of
Twirling
about
of
Spindles
.
And
wee
see
also
,
that
Gold
and
Siluer
Thred
cannot
be
made
without
Twisting
.
The
Differences
of
Impressible
;
and
Not
Impressible
Figurable
;
and
Not
Figurable
;
Mouldable
and
Not
Mouldable
;
Scissile
and
Not
Scissile
;
And
many
other
Passions
of
Matter
,
are
Plebcian
Notions
,
applied
vnto
the
Instruments
and
Vses
which
Men
ordinarily
practise
;
But
they
are
all
but
the
Effects
of
some
of
these
Causes
following
;
Which
we
will
Enumerate
without
Applying
them
,
because
that
would
be
too
long
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
other
Passions
of
Matter
,
and
Characters
of
Bodies
.
,
The
First
is
the
Cession
,
or
Not
Cession
of
Bodies
,
into
a
Smaller
Space
or
Roome
,
keeping
the
Outward
Bulke
,
and
not
flying
vp
.
The
Second
is
the
Stronger
or
Weaker
Appetite
,
in
Bodies
,
to
Continuitie
,
and
to
flie
Discontinuitie
.
The
Third
is
the
Disposition
of
Bodies
,
to
Contract
,
or
Not
Contract
;
And
againe
,
to
Extend
,
or
Not
Extend
.
The
Fourth
is
the
Small
Quantitie
,
or
Great
Quantitie
,
of
the
Pneumaticall
in
Bodies
.
The
Fifth
is
the
Nature
of
the
Pneumalicall
,
whether
is
●●
Natiue
Spirit
of
the
Body
,
or
Common
Aire
.
The
Sixth
is
,
the
Nature
of
the
Natiue
Spirits
in
the
Body
,
whether
they
be
Actiue
and
Eager
,
or
Dull
and
Gentle
.
The
Seuenth
is
the
Emission
or
Detention
of
the
Spirits
in
Bodies
.
The
Eighth
is
the
Dilatation
,
or
Contraction
of
the
Spirits
in
Bodies
,
while
they
are
detained
.
The
Ninth
is
the
Collocation
of
the
Spirits
in
Bodies
;
whether
the
Collocation
be
Equall
,
or
Vnequall
;
And
againe
,
whether
the
Spirits
be
Coaceruate
,
or
Diffused
.
The
Tenth
is
the
Densitie
,
or
Raritie
of
the
Tangible
Parts
.
The
Eleuenth
is
the
Equalitie
or
Inequalitie
of
the
Tangible
Parts
.
The
Twelfth
is
the
Disgestion
,
or
Cruditie
of
the
Tangible
Parts
.
The
Thirteenth
is
the
Nature
of
the
Matter
,
whether
Sulphureous
or
Mercuriall
,
Watrie
or
Oylie
,
Drie
and
Terrestriall
,
or
Moìst
and
Liquid
;
which
Natures
of
Sulphureous
and
Mercuriall
,
seeme
to
be
Natures
Radicall
,
and
Principiall
.
The
Fourteenth
is
the
Placing
of
the
Tangible
Parts
,
in
Length
,
or
Transuerse
;
(
As
it
is
in
the
Warpe
,
and
the
Woofe
,
of
Textiles
;
)
More
Inward
,
or
More
Outward
;
&c.
The
Fifteenth
is
the
Porofitie
,
or
Imporositie
betwixt
the
Tangible
Parts
;
And
the
Greatnesse
,
or
Smalnesse
of
the
Pores
.
The
Sixteenth
is
the
Collocation
and
Pesture
of
the
Pores
.
There
may
be
more
Causes
;
but
these
doe
occurre
for
the
Present
.
Take
Lead
,
and
melt
it
,
and
in
the
Middest
of
it
,
when
it
beginneth
to
Congeale
,
make
a
little
Dint
,
or
Hole
,
and
put
Quicke-Siluer
wrapped
in
a
Peece
of
Linnen
into
that
Hole
,
and
the
Quicke-Siluer
will
fix
,
and
run
no
more
,
and
endure
the
Hammer
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
Induration
by
Sympathic
.
This
is
a
Noble
Instance
of
Induration
,
by
Consent
of
one
Body
with
another
,
and
Motion
of
Excitation
to
Imitate
;
For
to
ascribe
it
only
to
the
Vapour
of
Lead
,
is
lesse
Probable
.
Quare
whether
the
Fixing
may
be
in
such
a
degree
,
as
it
will
be
Figured
like
other
Metals
?
For
if
so
,
you
may
make
Works
of
it
for
some
purposes
,
so
they
come
not
neere
the
Fire
.
Sugar
hath
put
downe
the
vse
of
Honey
;
Insomuch
as
wee
haue
lost
those
Obseruations
,
and
Preparations
of
Honey
,
which
the
Ancients
had
,
when
it
was
more
in
Price
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
Honey
and
Sugar
.
First
,
it
seemeth
that
there
was
,
in
old
time
,
Tree-Honey
,
as
well
as
Bee-Honey
;
Which
was
the
Teare
or
Bloud
issuing
from
the
Tree
:
Insomuch
as
one
of
the
Ancients
relateth
,
that
in
Trebisond
,
there
was
Honey
issuing
from
the
Box-Trees
,
which
made
Men
Mad.
Againe
,
in
Ancient
time
,
there
was
a
Kinde
of
Honey
,
which
either
of
the
owne
Nature
,
or
by
Art
,
would
grow
as
Hard
as
Sugar
;
And
was
not
so
Lushious
as
Ours
.
They
had
also
a
Wine
of
Honey
,
which
they
made
thus
.
They
crushed
the
Honey
into
a
great
Quantitie
of
Water
,
and
then
strained
the
Liquour
;
After
they
boyled
it
in
a
Copper
to
the
halfe
:
Then
they
powred
it
into
Earthen
Vessels
,
for
a
small
time
;
And
after
tunned
it
into
Vessels
of
Wood
,
and
kept
it
for
many
years
.
They
haue
also
,
at
this
day
,
in
Russia
,
and
those
Northerne
Countries
,
Mead
Simple
,
which
(
well
made
,
and
seasoned
)
is
a
good
wholesome
Drinke
,
and
very
Cleare
.
They
vse
also
in
Wales
,
a
Compound
Drinke
of
Mead
,
with
Herbs
,
and
Spices
.
But
meane-while
it
were
good
,
in
recompence
of
that
wee
haue
lost
in
Honey
,
there
were
brought
in
vse
a
Sugar
Mead●
(
for
so
wee
may
call
it
,
)
though
without
any
Mixture
at
all
of
Honey
;
And
to
brew
it
,
and
keepe
it
stale
,
as
they
vse
Mead
;
For
certainly
,
though
it
would
not
be
so
Abster
siue
,
and
Opening
,
and
Solutiue
a
Drinke
as
Mead
;
yet
it
will
be
more
gratefull
to
the
Stomach
,
and
more
Lenitiue
,
and
fit
to
be
vsed
in
Sharpe
Diseases
.
For
wee
see
,
that
the
vse
of
Sugar
in
Beere
,
and
Ale
,
hath
good
Effects
in
such
Cases
.
It
is
reported
by
the
Ancients
,
that
there
was
a
Kinde
of
Steele
,
in
some
places
,
which
would
polish
almost
as
white
and
bright
as
Siluer
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
the
Finer
Sort
of
Base
Metals
.
And
that
there
was
in
India
a
Kinde
of
Brasse
,
which
(
being
polished
)
could
scarce
be
discerned
from
Gold
.
This
was
in
the
Naturall
Vre
;
But
I
am
doubtfull
,
whether
Men
haue
sufficiently
refined
Metals
,
which
we
count
Base
;
As
whether
Iron
,
Brasse
,
and
Tinne
,
be
refined
to
the
Heighth
?
But
when
they
come
to
such
a
Finenesse
,
as
serueth
the
ordinary
vse
,
they
trie
no
further
.
There
haue
beene
found
certaine
Cements
vnder
Earth
,
that
are
very
Soft
;
And
yet
,
taken
forth
into
the
Sunne
,
harden
as
Hard
as
Marble
:
There
are
also
ordinary
Quarries
in
Sommerset-Shire
,
which
in
the
Quarry
cut
soft
to
any
Bignesse
,
and
in
the
Building
proue
firme
,
and
hard
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
Coments
and
Quarries
.
Liuing
Creatures
(
generally
)
doe
change
their
Haire
with
Age
,
turning
to
be
Gray
,
and
White
:
As
is
seene
in
Men
,
though
some
Earlier
,
some
Later
;
In
Horses
,
that
are
Dappled
,
and
turne
White
;
In
Old
Squirrels
,
that
turne
Grisly
;
And
many
Others
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
the
Altering
of
the
Colour
of
Haires
and
Feathers
.
So
doe
some
Birds
;
As
Cygnets
;
from
Gray
turne
White
;
Hawkes
,
from
Browne
turne
more
White
:
And
some
Birds
there
be
,
that
vpon
their
Moulting
,
doe
turne
Colour
;
As
Robin-Redbrests
,
after
their
Moulting
,
grow
to
be
Red
againe
,
by
degrees
;
So
doe
Gold-Finches
vpon
the
Head
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
Moisture
doth
(
chiefly
)
colour
Haire
,
and
Feathers
;
And
Drinesse
turneth
them
Gray
and
White
;
Now
Haire
in
Age
waxeth
Drier
:
So
doe
Feathers
.
As
for
Feathers
,
after
Moulting
,
they
are
Young
Feathers
,
and
so
all
one
as
the
Feathers
of
Young
Birds
.
So
the
Beard
is
younger
than
the
Haire
of
the
Head
,
and
doth
(
for
the
most
part
,
)
wax
Hoare
later
.
Out
of
this
Ground
,
a
Man
may
deuise
the
Meanes
of
Altering
the
Colour
of
Birds
,
and
the
Retardation
of
Heare-Haires
.
But
of
this
see
the
fifth
Experiment
.
The
Difference
betweene
Male
and
Female
,
in
some
Creatures
,
is
not
to
be
discerned
,
otherwise
than
in
the
Parts
of
Generation
:
As
in
Horses
and
Mares
,
Dogs
and
Bitches
,
Doues
He
and
She
,
and
others
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
the
Differences
of
Liuing
Creatures
,
Male
&
Female
.
But
some
differ
in
Magnitude
,
and
that
diuersly
;
For
in
most
the
Male
is
the
greater
;
As
in
Man
,
Pheasants
,
Peacocks
,
Turkey's
;
and
the
like
:
And
in
some
few
,
as
in
Hawkes
,
the
Female
.
Some
differ
in
the
Haire
,
and
Feathers
,
both
in
the
Quantitie
,
Crispation
,
and
Colours
of
them
;
As
He-Lions
are
Mi●sute
,
and
haue
great
Maines
;
The
She
's
are
smooth
like
Cats
.
Bulls
are
more
Crispe
vpon
the
Fore-head
than
Cowes
;
The
Peacocke
,
and
Pheasant-Cocke
,
and
Gold-Finch-Cocke
,
haue
glorious
and
fine
Colours
;
The
Henn's
haue
not
.
Generally
,
the
Hees
in
Birds
haue
the
fairest
Feathers
.
Some
differ
in
diuers
Features
;
As
Bucks
haue
Hornes
,
Doe's
none
;
Rammes
haue
more
wreathed
Hornes
than
Ewes
;
Cocks
haue
great
Combes
and
Spurres
,
Henns
little
or
none
;
Boares
haue
great
Fangs
,
Sowes
much
lesse
;
The
Turky-Cocke
hath
great
and
Swelling
Gills
,
the
Hen
hath
lesse
;
Men
haue
generally
Deeper
and
Stronger
Voices
than
Women
.
Some
differ
in
Facultie
;
As
the
Cocks
amongst
Singing
Birds
,
are
the
best
Singers
.
The
Chiefe
Cause
of
all
these
,
(
no
doubt
,
)
is
,
for
that
the
Males
haue
more
Strength
of
Heat
than
the
Females
;
Which
appeareth
manifestly
in
this
,
that
all
young
Creatures
Males
,
are
like
Females
;
And
so
are
Eunuchs
,
and
Gelt
Creatures
of
all
kinds
,
liker
Females
.
Now
Heat
causeth
Greatnesse
of
Growth
,
generally
,
where
there
is
Moisture
enough
to
worke
vpon
:
But
if
there
be
found
in
any
Creature
,
(
which
is
seene
rarely
,
)
an
Ouer-great
Heat
in
proportion
to
the
Moisture
,
in
them
the
Female
is
the
greater
;
As
in
Hawkes
,
and
Sparrowes
.
And
if
the
Heat
be
ballanced
with
the
Moisture
,
then
there
is
no
Difference
to
be
seene
betweene
Male
and
Female
:
As
in
the
Instances
of
Horses
,
and
Dogs
.
Wee
see
also
,
that
the
Hornes
of
Oxen
,
and
Cowes
,
for
the
most
part
,
are
Larger
than
the
Bulls
;
which
is
caused
by
abundance
of
Moisture
,
which
in
the
Hornes
of
the
Bull
faileth●
Againe
,
Heat
causeth
Pilosuy
,
and
Crispation
;
And
so
likewise
Beards
in
Men.
It
also
expelleth
finer
Moisture
which
Want
of
Heat
cannot
Expell
:
And
that
is
the
Cause
of
the
Beauty
and
Variety
of
Feathers
:
Againe
,
Heat
doth
put
forth
many
Excreseences
,
and
much
Solide
Matter
,
which
Want
of
Heat
cannot
do
:
And
this
is
the
Cause
of
Hornes
,
and
of
the
Greatnesse
of
them
;
And
of
the
Greatnesse
of
the
Combes
and
Spurres
of
Cocks
,
Gills
of
Turky-Cocks
,
and
Fangs
of
Boares
.
Heat
also
dilateth
the
Pipes
,
and
Organs
,
which
causeth
the
Deepnesse
of
the
Voice
.
Againe
,
Heat
refineth
the
Spirits
,
and
that
causeth
the
Cock-Singing
Bird
,
to
Excell
the
Hen.
There
be
Fishes
greater
than
any
Beasts
;
As
the
Whale
is
farre
greater
than
the
Elephant
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
the
Com●ar●●e
Magnitude
of
Liuing
Creatures
.
And
Beasts
are
(
generally
)
greater
than
Birds
.
For
Fishes
,
the
Cause
may
be
,
that
because
they
Liue
not
in
the
Aire
,
they
haue
not
their
Moisture
drawne
and
Soaked
by
the
Aire
,
and
Sun-Beames
.
Also
they
rest
alwaies
,
in
a
manner
,
and
are
supported
by
the
Water
,
whereas
Motion
and
Labour
doe
consuine
.
As
for
the
Greatnesse
of
Beasts
,
more
than
of
Birds
,
it
is
caused
,
for
that
Beasts
stay
Longer
time
in
the
Wombe
,
than
Birds
,
and
there
Nourish
,
and
Grow
;
Whereas
in
Birds
,
after
the
Egge
Lay'd
,
there
is
no
further
Growth
,
or
Nourishment
from
the
Female
:
For
the
Sitting
doth
Vinifie
,
and
not
Nourish
.
We
haue
partly
touched
before
the
Meanes
of
Producing
Fruits
,
without
Coares
,
or
Stones
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
Exessasion
of
Fruits
.
And
this
we
adde
further
,
that
the
Cause
must
be
Abundance
of
Moisture
;
For
that
the
Coare
,
and
Stone
are
made
of
a
Dry
Sap●
.
And
we
see
that
it
is
possible
,
to
make
a
Tree
put
forth
onely
in
Blossome
,
without
Fruit
;
As
in
Cherries
with
Double
Flowers
;
Much
more
into
Fruit
without
Stone
,
or
Coares
.
It
is
reported
,
that
a
Cions
of
an
Apple
,
grafted
vpon
a
Colo●●●
Stalke
,
sendeth
forth
a
great
Apple
without
a
Coare
.
It
is
not
vnlikely
,
that
if
the
Inward
Pith
of
a
Tree
,
were
taken
out
,
so
that
the
Iuyce
came
onely
by
the
Barke
,
it
would
worke
the
Effect
.
For
it
hath
beene
obserued
,
that
in
Pollards
,
if
the
Water
get
in
on
the
Top
,
and
they
become
Hollow
,
they
put
forth
the
more
.
We
adde
also
,
that
it
is
deliuered
for
certaine
by
some
,
that
if
the
Cions
be
grafted
,
the
Small
End
downwards
,
it
will
make
Fruit
haue
little
or
no
Coares
,
and
Stones
.
Tobacco
is
a
thing
of
great
Price
,
if
it
be
in
request
;
For
an
●●●
of
it
will
be
worth
,
(
as
is
affirmed
,
)
two
Hundred
Pounds
,
by
the
yeare
,
towards
Charge
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
the
Melieration
of
Tobacco
.
The
Charge
of
making
the
Ground
and
otherwise
,
is
great
,
but
nothing
to
the
Profit
.
But
the
English
Tobacco
,
hath
small
credit
,
as
being
too
Dull
,
and
Eartby
,
Nay
the
●●●●
Tobacco
;
though
that
be
in
a
Hotter
Climate
,
can
get
no
credit
,
for
the
same
●●●
that
a
Triall
to
make
Tobacco
more
Aromaticall
,
and
better
Concocted
here
in
England
,
were
a
Thing
of
great
profit
.
Some
haue
gone
about
to
doe
it
by
Drenching
the
English
Tobacco
,
in
a
Decoction
or
Infusion
of
Indian
Tobacco
:
But
those
are
but
Sophistications
,
and
Toyes
;
For
Nothing
that
is
once
Perfect
,
and
hath
run
his
Race
,
can
receiue
much
Amendment
.
You
must
euer
resort
to
the
Beginnings
of
Things
for
Melioration
.
The
Way
of
Maturation
of
Tobacco
must
,
as
in
other
Plants
,
be
,
from
the
Heat
,
Either
of
the
Earth
,
or
of
the
Sunne
:
We
see
some
Leading
of
this
in
Musk-Melons
;
which
are
sowen
vpon
a
Hot
Bed
,
Dunged
below
,
vpon
a
Bancke
turned
vpon
the
South
Sunne
,
to
giue
Heat
by
Reflexion
;
Laid
vpon
Tiles
,
which
increaseth
the
Heat
,
And
Couered
with
Straw
to
keepe
them
from
Cold.
They
remoue
them
also
,
which
addeth
some
Life
:
And
by
these
Helpes
they
become
as
good
in
England
,
as
in
Italy
,
or
Prouence
.
These
,
and
the
like
Meanes
,
may
be
tried
in
Tobacco
.
Enquire
also
of
the
Steeping
of
the
Roots
,
in
some
such
Liquour
,
as
may
giue
them
Vigour
to
put
forth
Strong
.
Heat
of
the
Sunne
,
for
the
Maturation
of
Fruits
;
Yea
and
the
Heat
of
Viuification
of
Liuing
Creatures
;
are
both
represented
and
supplied
,
by
the
Heat
of
Fire
;
And
likewise
,
the
Heats
of
the
Sunne
,
and
Life
,
are
represented
one
by
the
other
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
seuerall
Heats
,
working
the
same
Effects
.
Trees
,
set
vpon
the
Backes
of
Chimneyes
,
doe
ripen
Fruit
sooner
.
Vines
,
that
haue
beene
drawne
in
at
the
Window
of
a
Kitchen
,
haue
sent
forth
Grapes
ripe
a
Month
(
at
least
)
before
others
.
Stoues
,
at
the
Backe
of
Walls
,
bring
forth
Orenges
here
with
vs
.
Egges
,
as
is
reported
by
some
,
haue
beene
hatched
in
the
warmth
of
an
Ouen
.
It
is
reported
by
the
Ancients
,
that
the
Estrich
Layeth
her
Egs
vnder
Sand
,
where
the
Heat
of
the
Sunne
disclosed
them
.
Barley
in
the
Boyling
swelleth
not
much
;
Wheat
swelleth
more
;
Rize
extremely
;
In
so
much
as
a
Quarter
of
a
Pint
(
vnboyled
)
will
arise
to
a
Pint
boyled
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
Swelling
and
Dilatation
in
Boyling
.
The
Cause
(
no
doubt
)
is
,
for
that
the
more
Close
and
Compact
the
Body
is
,
the
more
it
will
dilate
:
Now
Barley
is
the
most
Hollow
;
Wheat
more
Solide
than
that
;
and
Rize
most
Solide
of
all
.
It
may
be
also
that
some
Bodies
haue
a
Kinde
of
Lentour
,
and
more
Depertible
Nature
than
others
;
As
we
see
it
Euident
in
Colouration
;
For
a
Small
Quantity
of
Saffron
,
will
Tinct
more
,
than
a
very
great
Quantity
of
Bresill
,
or
Wine
.
Fruit
groweth
Sweet
by
Rowling
,
or
Pressing
them
gently
with
the
Hand
;
As
Rowling-Peares
,
Damasins
,
&c.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
the
Dulcoration
of
Fruits
.
By
Rottennesse
;
As
Medlars
,
Seruickes
,
Sloe's
,
Heps
,
&c.
By
Time
;
As
Apples
,
Wardens
,
Pomgranats
,
&c.
By
certaine
Speciall
Maturations
;
As
by
Laying
them
in
Hay
,
Straw
,
&c.
And
by
Fire
;
As
in
Roasting
,
Stewing
,
Baking
,
&c.
The
Cause
of
the
Sweetnesse
by
Rowling
,
and
Pressing
,
is
Emollition
,
which
they
properly
enduce
;
As
in
Beating
of
Stock-Fish
,
Flesh
,
&c.
By
Rottennesse
is
,
for
that
the
Spirits
of
the
Fruit
,
by
Putrefaction
,
gather
Heat
,
and
thereby
disgest
the
Harder
Part
:
For
in
all
Putrefactions
,
there
is
a
Degree
of
Heat
.
By
Time
and
Keeping
is
,
because
the
Spirits
of
the
Body
,
doe
euer
feed
vpon
the
Tangible
Parts
,
and
attenuate
them
.
By
Seuerall
Maturations
is
,
by
some
Degree
of
Heat
.
And
by
Fire
is
,
because
it
is
the
Proper
Worke
of
Heat
to
Refine
,
and
to
Incorporate
;
And
all
Sourenesse
consisteth
in
some
Grossenesse
of
the
Body
:
And
all
Incorporation
doth
make
the
Mixture
of
the
Body
,
more
Equall
,
in
all
the
Parts
;
Which
euer
induceth
a
Milder
Taste
.
Of
Fleshes
,
some
are
Edible
;
Some
,
except
it
be
in
Famine
,
not
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
Flesh
Edible
,
and
not
Edible
.
For
those
that
are
not
Edible
,
the
Cause
is
,
for
that
they
haue
(
commonly
)
too
much
Bitternesse
of
Taste
;
And
therefore
those
Creatures
,
which
are
Fierce
and
Cholerick
,
are
not
Edible
;
As
Lions
,
Wolnes
,
Squirrells
,
Dogs
,
Foxes
,
Horses
,
&c.
As
for
Kine
,
Sheepe
,
Goats
,
Deere
,
Swine
,
Conneyes
,
Hares
,
&c.
We
see
they
are
Milde
,
and
Fearefull
.
Yet
it
is
true
,
that
Horses
,
which
are
Beasts
of
Courage
,
haue
beene
,
and
are
eaten
by
some
Nations
;
As
the
Scythians
were
called
Hippophagi
;
And
the
Chineses
eat
Horse-flesh
at
this
day
;
And
some
Gluttons
haue
vsed
to
haue
Colts-flesh
baked
.
In
Birds
,
such
as
are
Carniuor
a
,
and
Birds
of
Prey
,
are
commonly
no
Good
Meat
;
But
the
Reason
is
,
rather
the
Cholerick
Nature
of
those
Birds
,
than
their
Feeding
vpon
Flesh
;
For
Puits
,
Gulls
,
Shouelers
,
Duckes
,
doe
feed
vpon
Flesh
,
and
yet
are
Good
Meat
:
And
wee
see
,
that
those
Birds
,
which
are
of
Prey
,
or
feed
vpon
Flesh
,
are
good
Meat
,
when
they
are
very
Young
;
As
Hawkes
,
Rookes
out
of
the
Neast
,
Owles
,
&c.
Mans
Flesh
is
not
Eaten
.
The
Reasons
are
Three
:
First
,
because
Men
in
Humanity
doe
abhorre
it
:
Secondly
,
because
no
Liuing
Creature
,
that
Dyeth
of
it selfe
,
is
good
to
Eat
:
And
therefore
the
Ca●●●
(
themselues
)
eat
no
Mans-flesh
,
of
those
that
Dye
of
Themselues
,
but
of
such
as
are
Slaine
.
The
Third
is
,
because
there
must
be
(
generally
)
some
Disparity
,
between
the
Nourishment
,
and
the
Body
Nourished
;
And
they
must
not
be
Ouer-neere
,
or
like
:
Yet
we
see
,
that
in
great
Weaknesses
,
and
Consumptions
,
Man
haue
beene
sustained
with
Womans
Milke
:
And
Ficinus
fondly
(
as
I
conceiue
)
aduiseth
,
for
the
Prolongation
of
Life
,
that
a
Veine
be
opened
in
the
Arme
of
some
wholesome
Young
Man
;
And
the
Bloud
to
be
sucked
.
It
is
said
,
that
Witches
doe
greedily
eat
Mens
flesh
;
which
if
it
be
true
,
besides
a
Diuellish
Appetite
in
them
,
it
is
likely
to
proceed
,
for
that
Mans
flesh
may
send
vp
High
and
Pleasing
Vapours
,
which
may
stirre
the
Imagination
;
And
Witches
Felicity
is
chiefly
in
Imagination
,
as
hath
beene
said
.
There
is
an
Ancient
Receiued
Tradition
of
the
Salamander
,
that
it
liueth
in
the
Fire
,
and
hath
force
also
to
extinguish
the
Fire
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
the
Salamander
.
It
must
haue
two
Things
,
if
it
be
true
,
to
this
Operation
:
The
One
a
very
Close
Skin
,
whereby
Flame
,
which
in
the
Midst
is
not
so
hot
,
cannot
enter
:
For
we
see
that
if
the
Palme
of
the
Hand
be
annointed
thicke
with
White
of
Egge
,
and
then
Aquanita
be
poured
vpon
it
,
and
Enflamed
,
yet
one
may
endure
the
Flame
a
pretty
while
.
The
other
is
some
Extreme
Cold
and
Quenching
vertue
,
in
the
Body
of
that
Creature
,
which
choaketh
the
Fire
.
We
see
that
Milke
quencheth
Wilde-Fire
,
better
than
Water
,
because
it
entreth
better
.
Time
doth
change
Fruit
,
(
as
Apples
,
Peares
,
Pomgranats
,
&c.
)
from
more
Soure
,
to
more
Sweet
:
But
contrariwise
Liquours
,
(
euen
those
that
are
of
the
Iuyce
of
Fruit
,
)
from
more
Sweet
to
more
Soure
;
As
Wort
,
Must
,
New
Veriuyce
,
&c.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
the
Contrary
Operations
of
Time
,
vpon
Fruits
,
and
Liquours
.
The
Cause
is
,
the
Congregation
of
the
Spirits
together
:
For
in
both
Kindes
,
the
Spirit
is
attenuated
by
Time
;
But
in
the
first
Kinde
,
it
is
more
Diffused
,
and
more
Mastered
by
the
Grosser
Parts
,
which
the
Spirits
doe
but
disgest
:
But
in
Drinkes
the
Spirits
doe
raigne
,
and
finding
lesse
Opposition
of
the
Parts
,
become
themselues
more
Strong
;
Which
causeth
also
more
Strength
in
the
Liquour
;
Such
,
as
if
the
Spirits
be
of
the
Hotter
Sort
,
the
Liquour
becommeth
apt
to
Burne
;
But
in
Time
,
it
causeth
likewise
,
when
the
Higher
Spirits
are
Euapourated
,
more
Sourenesse
.
It
hath
beene
obserued
by
the
Ancients
,
that
Plates
of
Metall
,
and
especially
of
Brasse
,
applied
presently
to
a
Blow
,
will
keepe
it
downe
from
Swelling
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
Blowes
and
Bruises
.
The
Cause
is
Repercussion
,
without
Humectation
,
or
Entrance
of
any
Body
:
for
the
Plate
hath
onely
a
Virtuall
Cold
,
which
doth
not
search
into
the
Hurt
;
Whereas
all
Plasters
,
and
Ointments
doe
enter
.
Surely
,
the
Cause
,
that
Blowes
and
Bruises
enduce
Swellings
,
is
,
for
that
the
Spirits
resorting
to
Succour
the
Part
that
Laboureth
,
draw
also
the
Humours
with
them
:
For
we
see
,
that
it
is
not
the
Repulse
,
and
the
Returne
of
the
Humour
in
the
Part
Strucken
,
that
causeth
it
;
For
that
Gouts
,
and
Tooth-Aches
cause
Swelling
,
where
there
is
no
Percussion
at
all
.
The
Nature
of
the
Orris
Root
,
is
almost
Singular
;
For
there
be
few
Odoriferous
Roots
;
And
in
those
that
are
,
in
any
degree
,
Sweet
,
it
is
but
the
same
Sweetnesse
with
the
Wood
,
or
Leafe
:
But
the
Orris
is
not
Sweet
in
the
Leafe
;
Neither
is
the
Flower
any
thing
so
Sweet
as
the
Root
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
the
Orris
Root
.
The
Root
seemeth
to
haue
a
Tender
dainty
Heat
;
Which
when
it
commeth
aboue
Ground
,
to
the
Sunne
,
and
the
Aire
,
vanisheth
:
For
it
is
a
great
Mollifier
;
And
hath
a
Smell
like
a
Violet
.
It
hath
been
obserued
by
the
Ancients
,
that
a
great
Vessell
full
,
drawne
into
Bottles
;
And
then
the
Liquour
put
againe
into
the
Vessell
;
will
not
fill
the
Vessell
againe
,
so
full
as
it
was
,
but
that
it
may
take
in
more
Liquour
:
And
that
this
holdeth
more
in
Wine
,
than
in
Water
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
the
Compression
of
Liquours
.
The
Cause
may
be
Triuiall
;
Namely
,
by
the
Expence
of
the
Liquour
,
in
regard
some
may
sticke
to
the
Sides
of
the
Bottles
:
But
there
may
be
a
Cause
more
Subtill
;
Which
is
,
that
the
Liquour
in
the
Vessell
,
is
not
so
much
Compressed
,
as
in
the
Bottle
;
Because
in
the
Vessell
,
the
Liquour
meeteth
with
Liquour
chiefly
;
But
in
the
Bottles
a
Small
Quantity
of
Liquour
,
meeteth
with
the
Sides
of
the
Bottles
,
which
Compresse
it
so
,
that
it
doth
not
Open
againe
.
Water
,
being
contiguous
with
Aire
,
Cooleth
it
,
but
Moisteneth
it
not
,
except
it
Vapour
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
the
Working
of
Water
vpon
Aire
Contiguous
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
Heat
,
and
Cold
haue
a
Virtuall
Transition
,
without
Communication
of
Substance
;
but
Moisture
not
:
And
to
all
Madefaction
there
is
required
an
Imbibition
:
But
where
the
Bodies
are
of
such
seuerall
Leuity
,
and
Grauity
,
as
they
Mingle
not
,
there
can
follow
no
Imbibition
.
And
therefore
,
Oyle
likewise
lyeth
at
the
Top
of
the
Water
,
without
Commixture
:
And
a
Drop
of
Water
,
running
swiftly
ouer
a
Straw
,
or
Smooth
Body
,
wetteth
not
.
Starre-light
Nights
,
yea
and
bright
Moone-shine
Nights
,
are
Colder
than
Cloudy
Nights
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
the
Nature
of
Aire
.
The
Cause
is
,
the
Drinesse
and
Finenesse
of
the
Aire
,
which
thereby
becommeth
more
Piercing
,
and
Sharpe
?
And
therefore
Great
Continents
are
colder
than
Islands
:
And
as
for
the
Moone
,
though
it selfe
inclineth
the
Aire
to
Moisture
,
yet
when
it
shineth
bright
,
it
argueth
the
Aire
is
dry
.
Also
Close
Aire
is
warmer
than
Open
Aire
;
which
(
it
may
be
)
is
,
for
that
the
true
Cause
of
Cold
,
is
an
Expiration
from
the
Globe
of
the
Earth
,
which
in
open
Places
is
stronger
;
And
againe
,
Aire
it selfe
,
if
it
be
not
altered
by
that
Expiration
,
is
not
without
some
Secret
Degree
of
Heat
:
As
it
is
not
likewise
without
some
Secret
Degree
of
Light
:
For
otherwise
Cats
,
and
Owles
,
could
not
see
in
the
Night
;
But
that
Aire
hath
a
little
Light
.
Proportionable
to
the
Visuall
Spirits
of
those
Creatures
.
The
Eyes
doe
moue
●●●●●●
way
;
For
when
one
Eye
moueth
to
the
Nosthrill
,
the
other
moueth
from
the
Nosthrill
.
Experiments
in
Consort
,
touching
the
Eyes
,
and
Sight
.
The
Cause
is
Motion
of
Consent
,
which
in
the
Spirits
,
and
Parts
Spirituall
,
is
Strong
.
But
yet
Vse
will
induce
the
Contrary
:
For
some
can
Squint
,
when
they
will
:
And
the
Common
Tradition
is
,
that
if
Children
be
set
vpon
a
Table
,
with
a
Candle
behinde
them
,
both
Eyes
will
moue
Outwards
;
As
affecting
to
see
the
Light
,
and
so
induce
Squinting
.
We
see
more
exquisitely
with
One
Eye
Shut
,
than
with
Both
Open.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
the
Spirits
Visuall
vnite
themselues
more
,
and
so
become
Stronger
.
For
you
may
see
,
by
looking
in
a
Glasse
,
that
when
you
shut
one
Eye
,
the
Pupill
of
the
other
Eye
,
that
is
Open
,
Dilateth
.
The
Eyes
,
if
the
Sight
meet
not
in
one
Angle
,
See
Things
Double
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
Seeing
two
Things
,
and
Seeing
one
Thing
twice
,
worketh
the
same
Effect
:
And
therefore
a
little
Pellet
,
held
betweene
two
Fingers
,
laid
a-crosse
,
seemeth
Double
.
Pore-blinde
Men
,
see
best
in
the
Dimmer
Lights
;
And
likewise
haue
their
Sight
Stronger
neare
hand
,
than
those
that
are
not
Pore-blinde
;
And
can
Reade
and
Write
smaller
Letters
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
the
Spirits
Visuall
,
in
those
that
are
Pore-blinde
,
are
Thinner
,
and
Rarer
,
than
in
others
;
And
therefore
the
Greater
Light
disperseth
them
.
For
the
same
Cause
they
need
Contracting
;
But
being
Contracted
,
are
more
strong
,
than
the
Visuall
Spirits
of
Ordinary
Eyes
are
;
As
when
we
see
thorow
a
Leuell
,
the
Sight
is
the
Stronger
:
And
so
is
it
,
when
you
gather
the
Eye-lids
somewhat
close
:
And
it
is
commonly
seene
in
those
that
are
Poreblinde
,
that
they
doe
much
gather
the
Eye-lids
together
.
But
Old
Men
,
when
they
would
see
to
Reade
,
put
the
Paper
somewhat
a
farre
off
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
Old
Mens
Spirits
Visuall
,
contrary
to
those
of
Pore-blinde
Men
,
vnite
not
,
but
when
the
Obiect
is
at
some
good
distance
,
from
their
Eyes
.
Men
see
better
,
when
their
Eyes
are
ouer-against
the
Sunne
,
or
a
Candle
,
if
they
put
their
Hand
a
little
before
their
Eye
.
The
Reason
is
,
for
that
the
Glaring
of
the
Sunne
,
or
the
Candle
,
doth
weaken
the
Eye
;
wheras
the
Light
Circumfused
is
enough
for
the
Perception
.
For
we
see
,
that
an
Ouer-light
maketh
the
Eyes
Dazell
;
Insomuch
as
Perpetuall
Looking
against
the
Sunne
,
would
Cause
Blindnesse
.
Againe
,
if
Men
come
out
of
a
Great
Light
,
into
a
Darke
Roome
;
And
contrariwise
,
if
they
come
out
of
a
Darke
Roome
,
into
a
Light
Roome
,
they
seeme
to
haue
a
Mist
before
their
Eyes
,
and
see
worse
,
than
they
shall
doe
,
after
they
haue
stayed
a
little
while
,
either
in
the
Light
,
or
in
the
Darke
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
the
Spirits
Visuall
,
are
vpon
a
Sudden
Change
,
disturbed
,
and
put
out
of
Order
;
And
till
they
be
recollected
,
doe
not
performe
their
Function
well
.
For
when
they
are
much
Dilated
by
Light
,
they
cannot
Contract
suddenly
;
And
when
they
are
much
Contracted
by
Darknesse
,
they
cannot
Dilate
suddenly
.
And
Excesse
of
both
these
,
(
that
is
,
of
the
Dilatation
,
and
Contraction
of
the
Spirits
Visuall
,
)
if
it
belong
,
Destroyeth
the
Eye
.
For
as
long
Looking
against
the
Sunne
,
or
Fire
,
hurteth
the
Eye
by
Dilatation
;
So
Curious
Painting
in
Small
Volumes
,
and
Reading
of
Small
Letters
,
doe
hurt
the
Eye
by
Contraction
.
It
hath
beene
obserued
,
that
in
Anger
,
the
Eyes
wax
Red
;
And
in
Blushing
,
not
the
Eyes
,
but
the
Eares
,
and
the
Parts
behinde
them
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
in
Anger
,
the
Spirits
ascend
and
wax
Eager
;
Which
is
most
easily
seene
in
the
Eyes
,
because
they
are
Translucide
;
Though
withall
it
maketh
both
the
Cheekes
,
and
the
Gills
Red
;
But
in
Blushing
,
it
is
true
,
the
Spirits
ascend
likewise
to
Succour
,
both
the
Eyes
,
and
the
Face
,
which
are
the
Parts
that
labour
:
But
then
they
are
repulsed
by
the
Eyes
,
for
that
the
Eyes
,
in
Shame
doe
put
backe
the
Spirits
,
that
ascend
to
them
,
as
vnwilling
to
looke
abroad
:
For
no
Men
,
in
that
Passion
,
doth
looke
strongly
,
but
Deiectedly
;
And
that
Repulsion
from
the
Eyes
,
Diuerteth
the
Spirits
and
Heat
more
to
the
Eares
,
and
the
Parts
by
them
.
The
Obiects
of
the
Sight
,
may
cause
a
great
Pleasure
and
Delight
in
the
Spirits
,
but
no
Paine
,
or
great
Offence
;
Except
it
be
by
Memory
,
as
hath
beene
said
.
The
Glimpses
and
Beames
of
Diamonds
that
strike
the
Eye
;
Indian
Feathers
,
that
haue
glorious
Colours
;
The
Comming
into
a
Faire
Garden
;
The
Comming
into
a
Faire
Roome
richly
furnished
;
A
Beautifull
Person
;
And
the
like
;
doe
delight
and
exhilarate
the
Spirits
much
.
The
Reason
,
why
it
holdeth
not
in
the
Offence
,
is
,
for
that
the
Sight
is
the
most
Spirituall
of
the
Senses
;
whereby
it
hath
no
Obiect
Grosse
enough
to
offend
it
.
But
the
Cause
(
chiefly
)
is
,
for
that
there
be
no
Actiue
Obiects
to
offend
the
Eye
.
For
Harmonicall
Sounds
,
and
Discordant
Sounds
,
are
both
Actiue
,
and
Positiue
:
So
are
Sweet
Smels
,
and
Stinks
:
So
are
Bitter
,
and
Sweet
,
in
Tastes
:
So
are
Ouer-Hot
,
and
Ouer-Cold
,
in
Touch
:
But
Blacknesse
,
and
Darknesse
,
are
indeed
but
Priuatiues
;
And
therefore
haue
little
or
no
Actiuitie
.
Somewhat
they
doe
Contristate
,
but
very
little
.
Water
of
the
Sea
,
or
otherwise
,
looketh
Blacker
when
it
is
moued
,
and
Whiter
when
it
resteth
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
the
Colour
of
the
Sea
,
or
other
Water
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
by
meanes
of
the
Motion
,
the
Beames
of
light
passe
not
Straight
,
and
therefore
must
be
darkened
,
whereas
,
when
it
resteth
,
the
Beames
doe
passe
Straight
.
Besides
,
Splendour
hath
a
Degree
of
Whitenesse
;
Especially
if
there
be
a
little
Repercussion
:
For
a
Looking-Glasse
with
the
Steele
behinde
,
looketh
Whiter
,
than
Glasse
Simple
.
This
Experiment
deserueth
to
be
driuen
further
,
in
Trying
by
what
Meanes
Motion
may
hinder
Sight
.
Shell-Fish
haue
beene
,
by
some
of
the
Ancients
,
compared
and
sorted
with
the
Insecta
;
But
I
see
no
reason
why
they
should
;
For
they
haue
Male
,
and
Female
,
as
other
Fish
haue
:
Neither
are
they
bred
of
Putrefaction
;
Especially
such
as
doe
Moue
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
Shell-Fish
.
Neuerthelesse
it
is
certaine
,
that
Oisters
,
and
Cockles
,
and
Mussles
,
which
Moue
not
,
haue
no
discriminate
Sex
:
Quare
in
what
time
,
and
how
they
are
bred
?
It
seemeth
that
Shells
of
Oisters
are
bred
where
none
were
before
;
A
〈◊〉
tried
,
that
the
great
Horse-Mussle
,
with
the
fine
shell
,
that
breedeth
in
Ponds
,
hath
bred
within
thirty
yeares
:
But
then
,
which
is
strange
,
it
hath
beene
tried
,
that
they
doe
not
only
Gape
,
and
Shut
,
as
the
Oisters
doe
,
but
Remone
from
one
Place
to
Another
.
The
Senses
are
alike
Strong
,
both
on
the
Right
Side
,
and
on
the
Left
;
But
the
Limmes
on
the
Right
Side
are
Stronger
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
the
Right
Side
,
and
the
Left
.
The
Cause
may
be
,
for
that
the
Braine
,
which
is
the
Instrument
of
Sense
,
is
alike
on
both
Sides
;
But
Motion
,
and
Habilities
of
Mouing
,
are
somewhat
holpen
from
the
Liner
,
which
lieth
on
the
Right
Side
.
It
may
be
also
,
for
that
the
Senses
are
put
in
Exercise
,
indifferently
,
on
both
Sides
,
from
the
Time
of
our
Birth
;
But
the
Limmes
are
vsed
most
on
the
Right
Side
,
whereby
Custome
helpeth
;
For
wee
see
that
some
are
Left-Handed
:
Which
are
such
,
as
haue
vsed
the
Left-Hand
most
.
Frictions
make
the
Parts
more
Fleshie
,
and
Full
:
As
wee
see
both
in
Men
;
And
in
Carrying
of
Horses
,
&c.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
Frictions
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
they
draw
greater
Quantitie
of
Spirits
and
Blond
to
the
Parts
:
And
againe
,
because
they
draw
the
Aliment
more
forcibly
from
within
:
And
againe
,
because
they
relax
the
Pores
,
and
so
make
better
Passage
for
the
Spirits
,
Blond
,
and
Aliment
:
Lastly
,
because
they
dissipate
and
disgest
any
Inutile
or
Excrementitious
Moisture
,
which
lieth
in
the
Flesh
:
All
which
helpe
Assimilation
.
Frictions
also
doe
more
F●ll
,
and
Impinguate
the
Body
,
than
Exercise
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
in
Frictions
,
the
Inward
Parts
are
at
rest
;
Which
in
Exercise
are
beaten
(
many
times
)
too
much
:
And
for
the
same
Reason
,
(
as
we
haue
noted
heretofore
,
)
Gally-Slaues
are
Fat
and
Fleshie
,
because
they
stirre
the
Limmes
more
,
and
the
Inward
Parts
lesse
.
All
Globes
afarre
off
appeare
Flat
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
Globes
appearing
Flat
at
Distance
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
Distance
,
being
a
Secundary
Obiect
of
Sight
,
is
not
otherwise
discerned
,
than
by
more
or
lesse
Light
;
which
Disparitie
when
it
cannot
be
discerned
,
all
seemeth
One
:
As
it
is
(
generally
)
in
Obiects
not
distinctly
discerned
;
For
so
Letters
,
if
they
be
so
farre
off
,
as
they
cannot
be
discerned
,
shew
but
as
a
Duskish
Paper
:
And
all
Engrauings
,
and
Embossings
,
(
afarre
off
)
appeare
Plaine
.
The
Vtmost
Parts
of
Shadowes
seeme
euer
to
Tremble
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
Shadows
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
the
little
Moats
,
which
wee
see
in
the
Sunne
,
doe
euer
Stirre
,
though
there
be
no
Wind
;
And
therefore
those
Mouing
,
in
the
Meeting
of
the
Light
and
the
Shadow
,
from
the
Light
to
the
Shadow
,
and
from
the
Shadow
to
the
Light
,
doe
shew
the
Shadow
to
Moue
,
because
the
Medium
Moueth
.
Shallow
,
and
Narrow
Seas
,
Breake
more
than
Deepe
,
and
Large
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
the
Rowling
and
Breaking
of
the
Seas
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
the
Impulsion
being
the
same
in
Both
;
Where
there
is
great
Quantitie
of
●●●
,
and
likewise
Space
Enough
;
there
the
Water
Rowleth
,
and
Moueth
,
both
more
Slowly
,
and
with
a
Sloper
Rise
,
and
Fall
:
But
where
there
is
lesse
Water
,
and
lesse
Space
,
and
the
Water
dasheth
more
against
the
Bottome
;
there
it
moueth
more
Swiftly
,
and
more
in
Precipice
;
For
in
the
Breaking
of
the
Wanes
there
is
euer
a
Precipice
.
It
hath
beene
obserued
by
the
Ancients
,
that
Salt-Water
Boyled
,
or
Boyled
and
Cooled
againe
,
is
more
Potable
,
than
of
it selfe
Raw
:
And
yet
the
Taste
of
Salt
,
in
Distillations
by
Fire
,
riseth
not
;
For
the
Distilled
Water
will
be
Fresh
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
the
Dulcoration
of
Salt
Water
.
The
Cause
may
be
,
for
that
the
Salt
Part
of
the
Water
,
doth
partly
rise
into
a
Kinde
of
Scumme
on
the
Top
;
And
partly
goeth
into
a
Sediment
in
the
Bottome
:
And
so
is
rather
a
Separation
,
than
an
Euaporation
.
But
it
is
too
grosse
to
rise
into
a
Vapour
:
And
so
is
a
Bitter
Taste
likewise
;
For
Simple
Distilled
Waters
,
of
Wormewood
,
and
the
like
,
are
not
Bitter
.
It
hath
beene
set
downe
before
,
that
Pits
vpon
the
Sea-Shoare
,
turne
into
Fresh
Water
,
by
Percolation
of
the
Salt
through
the
Sand
:
But
it
is
further
noted
,
by
some
of
the
Ancients
,
that
in
some
Places
of
Affricke
,
after
a
time
,
the
Water
in
such
Pits
will
become
Brackish
againe
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
the
Returne
of
Saltnesse
in
Pits
vpon
the
Sea-Shore
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
after
a
time
,
the
very
Sands
,
thorow
which
the
Salt-Water
passeth
,
become
Salt
;
And
so
the
Strainer
it selfe
is
tincted
with
Salt
.
The
Remedie
therefore
is
,
to
digge
still
New
Pits
,
when
the
old
wax
Brackish
;
As
if
you
would
change
your
Strainer
.
It
hath
beene
obserued
by
the
Ancients
,
that
Salt
Water
,
will
dissolue
Salt
put
into
it
,
in
lesse
time
,
than
Fresh
Water
will
dissolue
it
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
Attraction
by
Similitude
of
Substance
.
The
Cause
may
be
,
for
that
the
Salt
in
the
Precedent
Water
,
doth
,
by
Similitude
of
Substance
,
draw
the
Salt
new
put
in
,
vnto
it
;
Whereby
it
diffuseth
in
the
Liquour
more
speedily
.
This
is
a
Noble
Experiment
,
if
it
be
true
;
For
it
sheweth
Meanes
of
more
Quicke
and
Easie
Infusions
;
And
it
is
likewise
a
good
Instance
of
Attraction
,
by
Similitude
of
Substance
.
Trie
it
with
Sugar
put
into
Water
,
formerly
Sugred
;
And
into
other
Water
Vnsugred
.
Put
Sugar
into
Wine
,
part
of
it
aboue
,
part
vnder
the
Wine
;
And
you
shall
finde
,
(
that
which
may
seeme
strange
,
)
that
the
Sugar
aboue
the
Wine
,
will
soften
and
dissolue
sooner
,
than
that
within
the
Wine
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
Attraction
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
the
Wine
entreth
that
Part
of
the
Sugar
,
which
is
vnder
the
Wine
,
by
Simple
Infusion
,
or
Spreading
;
But
that
Part
aboue
the
Wine
,
is
likewise
forced
by
Sacking
:
For
all
Spungie
Bodies
expell
the
Aire
,
and
draw
in
Liquour
,
if
it
be
Contiguous
:
As
wee
see
it
also
in
Spunges
,
put
part
aboue
the
Water
.
It
is
worthy
the
Inquiry
,
to
see
how
you
may
make
more
Accurate
Infusions
,
by
Helpe
of
Attraction
.
Water
in
Wells
is
warmer
in
Winter
,
than
in
Summer
:
And
so
Aire
in
Caues
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
Heat
vnder
Earth
.
The
Cause
is
,
for
that
in
the
Hither
Parts
,
vnder
the
Earth
,
there
is
a
Degree
of
some
Heat
;
(
As
appeareth
in
Sulphureous
Veines
,
&c.
)
Which
shur
close
in
,
(
as
in
Winter
,
)
is
the
More
;
But
if
it
Peripire
,
(
as
it
doth
in
Summer
,
)
it
is
the
Lesse
.
It
is
reported
,
that
amongst
the
Leucadians
,
in
Ancient
time
,
vpon
a
Superstition
,
they
did
vse
to
Precipitate
a
Man
,
from
a
High
Cliffe
into
the
Sea
;
Tying
about
him
,
with
Strings
,
at
some
distance
,
many
great
Fowles
;
And
fixing
vnto
his
Body
diuers
Feathers
,
spred
,
to
breake
the
Fast.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
Flying
in
the
Aire
.
Certainly
many
Birds
of
good
Wing
,
(
As
Kites
,
and
the
like
,
)
would
beare
vp
a
good
Weight
,
as
they
file
;
And
Spreading
of
Feathers
,
thinne
,
and
close
,
and
in
great
Bredth
,
will
likewise
beare
vp
a
great
Weight
;
Being
euen
laid
,
without
Tilting
vpon
the
Sides
.
The
further
Extension
of
this
Experiment
for
Flying
may
be
thought
vpon
.
There
is
,
in
some
Places
,
(
namely
in
Cephalonia
,
)
a
little
Shrub
,
which
they
call
Holy-Oake
,
or
Dwarfe-Oake
:
Vpon
the
Leaues
whereof
there
riseth
a
Tumour
,
like
a
Blister
;
Which
they
gather
,
and
rub
out
of
it
,
a
certaine
Red
Dust
,
that
conuerteth
(
after
a
while
)
into
Wormes
,
which
they
kill
with
Wine
,
(
as
is
reported
,
)
when
they
begin
to
Quicken
:
With
this
Dust
they
die
Scarlet
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
the
Dye
of
Scarlet
.
In
Zant
,
it
is
very
ordinary
,
to
make
Men
Impotent
,
to
accompany
with
their
Wines
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
●●●●
.
The
like
is
Practised
in
Gasconie
;
Where
it
is
called
Nouër
l'
eguillette
.
It
is
practised
alwayes
vpon
the
Wedding
Day
.
And
in
Zant
,
the
Mothers
themselues
doe
it
,
by
way
of
Preuention
;
Because
thereby
they
hinder
other
Charmes
,
and
can
vndoe
their
Owne
.
It
is
a
Thing
the
Ciuill
Law
taketh
knowledge
of
;
And
therefore
is
of
no
Light
Regard
.
It
is
a
Common
Experiment
,
but
the
Cause
is
mistaken
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
the
Rise
of
Water
,
by
Meanes
of
Flame
.
Take
a
Pot
,
(
Or
better
a
Glasse
,
because
therein
you
may
see
the
Motion
,
)
And
set
a
Candle
lighted
in
the
Bottome
of
a
Basen
of
Water
;
And
turne
the
Mouth
of
the
Pot
,
or
Glasse
,
ouer
the
Candle
,
and
it
will
make
the
Water
rise
.
They
ascribe
it
,
to
the
Drawing
of
Heat
;
Which
is
not
true
:
For
it
appeareth
plainly
to
be
but
a
Motion
of
Nexe
,
which
they
call
Ne
detur
vacuum
;
And
it
proceedeth
thus
.
The
Flame
of
the
Candle
,
as
soone
as
it
is
couered
,
being
suffocated
by
the
Close
Aire
,
lesseneth
by
little
and
little
:
During
which
time
,
there
is
some
little
Ascent
of
Water
,
but
not
much
:
For
the
Flame
Occupying
lesse
and
lesse
Roome
,
as
it
lesseneth
,
the
Water
succeedeth
.
But
vpon
the
Instant
of
the
Candles
Going
out
,
there
is
a
sudden
Rise
,
of
a
great
deale
of
Water
;
For
that
the
Body
of
the
Flame
filleth
no
more
Place
;
And
so
the
Aire
,
and
the
Water
succeed
.
It
worketh
the
same
Effect
,
if
in
stead
of
Water
,
you
put
Flower
,
or
Sand
,
into
the
Basen
:
Which
sheweth
,
that
it
is
not
the
Flames
Drawing
the
Liquour
,
as
Nourishment
;
As
it
is
supposed
;
For
all
Bodies
are
alike
vnto
it
;
As
it
is
euer
in
Motion
of
Nexe
;
Insomuch
as
I
haue
seene
the
Glasse
,
being
held
by
the
Hand
,
hath
lifted
vp
the
Basen
,
and
all
:
The
Motion
of
Nexe
did
so
Claspe
the
Bottome
of
the
Basen
.
That
Experiment
,
when
the
Basen
was
lifted
vp
,
was
made
with
Oyle
,
and
not
with
Water
;
Neuerthelesse
this
is
true
,
that
at
the
very
first
Setting
of
the
Mouth
of
the
Glasse
,
vpon
the
Bottome
of
the
Basen
,
it
draweth
vp
the
Water
a
little
,
and
then
standeth
at
a
Stay
,
almost
till
the
Candles
Going
out
,
as
was
said
.
This
may
shew
some
Attraction
at
first
:
But
of
this
we
will
speake
more
,
when
we
handle
Attractions
by
Heat
.
Of
the
Power
of
the
Gelestiall
Bodies
,
and
what
more
Secret
Influences
they
haue
,
besides
the
two
Manifest
Influences
of
Heat
,
and
Light
,
We
shall
speake
,
when
we
handle
Experiments
touching
the
Celestiall
Bodies
:
Meane-while
,
wee
will
giue
some
Directions
for
more
certaine
Trials
,
of
the
Vertue
and
Influences
of
the
Moone
;
which
is
our
Nearest
Neighbour
.
Experiments
in
Consort
,
touching
the
Influences
of
the
Moone
.
The
Influences
of
the
Moone
,
(
most
obserued
,
)
are
Foure
.
The
Drawing
forth
of
Heat
:
The
Inducing
of
Putrefaction
:
The
Increase
of
Moisture
:
The
Exciting
of
the
Motions
of
Spirits
.
For
the
Drawing
forth
of
Heat
,
we
haue
formerly
prescribed
,
to
take
Water
Warme
,
and
to
set
Part
of
it
against
the
Moone-Beames
,
and
Part
of
it
with
a
Skreene
betweene
;
And
to
see
whether
that
which
standeth
Exposed
to
the
Beames
,
will
not
Coole
sooner
.
But
because
this
is
but
a
Small
Interposition
,
(
though
in
the
Sunne
wee
see
a
Small
Shade
doth
much
,
)
it
were
good
to
try
it
,
when
the
Moone
shineth
,
and
when
the
Moone
shineth
not
at
all
;
And
with
Water
Warme
in
a
Glasse-Bottle
,
as
well
as
in
a
Dish
;
And
with
C●●●rs
;
And
with
Iron
Red-Hot
;
&c.
For
the
In●●●ing
of
Putrefaction
,
it
were
good
to
try
it
with
Flesh
,
or
Fish
,
Exposed
to
the
Moone-Beames
;
And
againe
Exposed
to
the
Aire
,
when
the
Moone
shineth
not
,
for
the
like
time
;
To
see
whether
will
corrupt
sooner
:
And
try
it
also
with
Capon
,
or
some
other
Fowle
,
laid
abroad
,
to
see
whether
it
will
mortifie
,
and
become
tender
sooner
?
Try
it
also
with
Dead
Flies
,
or
Dead
Wormes
,
hauing
a
little
Water
cast
vpon
them
,
to
see
whether
will
Putrifie
sooner
.
Try
it
also
with
an
Apple
,
or
Orenge
,
hauing
Holes
made
in
their
Tops
,
to
see
whether
will
Rot
or
Mould
sooner●
Try
it
also
with
Holland-Cheese
,
hauing
Wine
put
into
it
,
whether
will
breed
Mites
sooner
,
or
greater
?
For
the
Increase
of
Moisture
,
the
Opinion
Receiued
is
;
That
Seeds
will
grow
soonest
;
And
Haire
,
and
Nailes
,
and
Hedges
,
and
Herbs
,
Cut
,
&c.
will
grow
soonest
,
if
they
be
Set
,
or
Cut
,
in
the
Increase
of
the
Moone
.
Also
that
Braines
in
Rabits
,
Wood-cocks
,
Calues
,
&c.
are
fullest
in
the
Full
of
the
Moone
:
And
so
of
●●●
in
the
Bones
;
And
so
of
Oysters
,
and
●●●
,
which
of
all
the
rest
are
the
easiest
tried
,
if
you
haue
them
in
Pits
.
Take
some
●●●●●●●●
and
set
some
of
them
immediately
after
the
Change
;
And
others
of
the
same
kinde
immediately
after
the
Full
:
Let
them
be
as
Like
as
can
be
:
The
Earth
also
the
Same
as
neare
as
may
be
;
And
therefore
beft
in
Pots
:
Let
the
Pots
also
stand
,
where
no
Raine
,
or
Sunne
may
come
to
them
,
lest
the
Difference
of
the
Weather
confound
the
Experiment
:
And
then
see
in
what
Time
,
the
Seeds
Set
in
the
Increase
of
the
Moone
,
come
to
a
certaine
Height
;
And
how
they
differ
from
chose
that
are
Set
in
the
Decrease
of
the
Moone
.
It
is
like
,
that
the
Braine
of
Man
waxeth
Moister
,
and
Fuller
,
vpon
the
Full
of
the
Moone
:
And
therefore
it
were
good
for
those
that
haue
Moist
Braines
,
and
are
great
Drinkers
,
to
take
Fume
of
Lignum
Aloës
,
RoseMary
●●●●
about
the
full
of
the
Moone
.
It
is
like
also
,
that
the
●●●
in
mens
Bodies
,
Increase
,
and
Decrease
,
as
the
Moone
doth
;
And
therefore
it
were
good
to
Purge
,
some
day
,
or
two
,
after
the
Full
;
For
that
then
the
●●●
will
not
replenish
so
soone
againe
.
As
for
the
●●●
of
the
Motion
of
the
Spirits
,
you
must
note
that
the
Growth
of
Hedges
,
Herbs
,
Haire
,
●●●
is
caused
from
the
Moone
,
by
●●●
of
the
Spirits
,
as
well
as
by
Increase
of
the
Moisture
.
But
for
Spirite
in
particular
,
the
great
Instante
is
in
●●●
.
There
may
be
other
Secret
Effects
of
the
Influence
of
the
Moone
,
which
are
not
yet
brought
into
Obseruation
.
It
may
be
,
that
if
it
so
fill
out
,
that
the
Wind
be
North
,
or
North-East
,
in
the
Full
of
the
Moone
,
it
increaseth
Cold
;
And
if
South
,
or
South-West
,
it
disposeth
the
Aire
,
for
a
good
while
,
to
Warmth
,
and
Raine
;
Which
would
be
obserued
.
It
may
be
,
that
Children
,
and
Young
Cattell
,
that
are
Brought
forth
in
the
Full
of
the
Moone
,
are
stronger
,
&
larger
,
than
those
that
are
brought
forth
in
the
Wane
:
And
those
also
which
are
Begotten
in
the
Full
of
the
Moone
:
So
that
it
might
be
good
Husbandry
,
to
put
Rams
,
and
Bulls
to
their
Females
,
somewhat
before
the
Full
of
the
Moone
.
It
may
be
also
,
that
the
Egs
lay'd
in
the
Full
of
the
Moone
,
breed
the
better
Bird
:
And
a
Number
of
the
like
Effects
,
which
may
be
brought
into
Obseruation
:
Quare
also
,
whether
great
Thunders
,
and
Earth-Quakes
,
be
not
most
in
the
Full
of
the
Moone
?
The
Turning
of
Wine
to
Vinegar
,
is
a
Kinde
of
Putrefaction
:
And
in
Making
of
Vinegar
,
they
vse
to
set
Vessels
of
Wine
ouer
against
the
Noone-Sunne
;
which
calleth
out
the
more
Oyly
Spirits
,
and
leaueth
the
Liquour
more
Soure
,
and
Hard.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
Vinegar
.
We
see
also
,
that
Burnt-Wine
is
more
Hard
,
and
Astringent
,
than
Wine
Vnburnt
.
It
is
said
,
that
Cider
in
Nauigations
vnder
the
Line
ripeneth
,
when
Wine
or
Beere
soureth
.
It
were
good
to
set
a
Rundlet
of
Veriuyce
ouer
against
the
Sunne
,
in
Summer
,
as
they
doe
Vinegar
,
to
see
whether
it
will
Ripen
,
and
Sweeten
.
There
be
diuers
Creatures
,
that
Sleepe
all
Winter
;
As
the
Beare
,
the
Hedge-hog
,
the
Bat
,
the
Bee
,
&c.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
Creatures
that
Sleepe
all
Winter
.
These
all
wax
Fat
when
they
Sleepe
,
and
egest
not
.
The
Cause
of
their
Fattening
,
during
their
Sleeping
time
,
may
be
the
Want
of
Assimilating
,
For
whatsoeuer
Attimilation
not
to
Flesh
,
turneth
either
to
Sweat
,
or
Fat
.
These
Creatures
,
for
part
of
their
Sleeping
Time
,
haue
been
obserued
not
to
Stirre
at
all
;
And
for
the
other
part
,
to
Stirre
,
but
not
to
Remoue
.
And
they
get
Warme
and
Close
Places
to
Sleepe
in
.
When
the
Flemmings
Wintred
in
Noua
Zembla
,
the
Beares
,
about
the
Middle
of
Nouember
,
went
to
Sleepe
;
And
then
the
Foxes
began
to
come
forth
,
which
durst
not
before
.
It
is
noted
by
some
of
the
Ancients
,
that
the
Shee-Beare
breedeth
,
and
lyeth
in
with
her
Young
,
during
that
time
of
Rest
:
And
that
a
Beare
,
Big
with
Young
,
hath
seldome
beene
seene
.
Some
Liuing
Creatures
are
Procreated
by
Copulation
betweene
Male
,
and
Female
:
Some
by
Putrefaction
;
And
of
those
which
come
by
Putrefaction
,
many
doe
(
neuerthelesse
)
afterwards
procreate
by
Copulation
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
the
Generating
of
Creatures
by
Copulation
,
and
by
Putrefaction
.
For
the
Cause
of
both
Generations
:
First
,
it
is
most
certaine
,
that
the
Cause
of
all
Viuification
,
is
a
Gentle
and
Proportionable
Heat
,
working
vpon
a
Glutinous
and
Yeelding
Substance
:
For
the
Heat
doth
bring
forth
Spirit
in
that
Substance
:
And
the
Substance
,
being
Glutinous
,
produceth
Two
Effects
:
The
One
,
that
the
Spirit
is
Detained
,
and
cannot
Breake
forth
:
The
Other
,
that
the
Matter
being
Gentle
,
and
Yeelding
,
is
driuen
forwards
by
the
Motion
of
the
Spirits
,
after
some
Swelling
into
Shape
,
and
Members
.
Therefore
all
Sperme
,
all
Menstruous
Substance
,
all
Matter
whereof
Creatures
are
produced
by
Putrefaction
,
haue
euermore
a
Closenesse
,
Lentour
,
and
Sequacity
.
It
seemeth
therefore
,
that
the
Generation
by
Sperme
onely
,
and
by
Putrefaction
,
haue
two
Different
Causes
.
The
First
is
,
for
that
Creatures
,
which
haue
a
Definite
and
Exact
Shape
,
(
as
those
haue
which
are
Procreated
by
Copulation
,
)
cannot
be
produced
by
a
Weake
,
and
Casuall
Heat
;
Nor
out
of
Matter
,
which
is
not
exactly
Prepared
,
according
to
the
Species
.
The
Second
is
,
for
that
there
is
a
greater
Time
required
,
for
Maturation
of
Perfect
Creatures
;
For
if
the
Time
required
in
Viuification
be
of
any
length
,
then
the
Spirit
will
Exhale
,
before
the
Creature
be
Mature
:
Except
it
be
Enclosed
in
a
Place
where
it
may
haue
Continuance
of
the
Heat
,
Accesse
of
some
Nourishment
to
maintaine
it
,
and
Closenesse
that
may
keepe
it
from
Exhaling
.
And
such
Places
are
the
Wombes
,
and
Matrices
,
of
the
Females
.
And
therefore
all
Creatures
,
made
of
Putrefaction
,
are
of
more
Vncertaine
Shape
;
And
are
made
in
Shorter
Time
;
And
need
not
so
Perfect
an
Enclosure
,
though
some
Closenesse
be
commonly
required
.
As
for
the
Heathen
Opinion
,
which
was
,
that
vpon
great
Mutations
of
the
World
,
Perfect
Creatures
were
first
Engendred
of
Concretion
;
As
well
as
Frogs
,
and
Wormes
,
and
Flies
,
and
such
like
,
are
now
;
Wee
know
it
to
be
vaine
:
But
if
any
such
Thing
should
be
admitted
,
Discoursing
according
to
Sense
,
it
cannot
be
,
except
you
admit
a
Chaos
first
,
&
Commixture
of
Heauen
,
and
Earth
.
For
the
Frame
of
the
World
,
once
in
Order
,
cannot
effect
it
by
any
Extesse
,
or
Casualtie
.
NATVRALL
HISTORIE
.
X.
Century
.
THe
Philosophie
of
Pythagoras
,
(
which
was
full
of
Superstition
,
)
did
first
plant
a
Monstrous
Imagination
,
Which
afterwards
was
,
by
the
Schoole
of
Plato
,
and
Others
,
Warred
,
and
Nourished
.
Experiments
in
Consort
touching
the
Transmission
,
and
Influx
,
or
Im●●teriate
Vertues
,
and
the
Force
of
Imagination
.
It
was
,
that
the
World
was
One
,
Entire
,
Perfect
,
Liuing
Creature
;
Insomuch
as
Apolloni●
of
Tya●a
,
a
Pythagorean
Prophet
,
affirmed
,
that
the
Ebbing
and
Flowing
of
the
Sea
,
was
the
Respiration
of
the
World
,
drawing
in
Water
as
Breath
,
and
putting
it
forth
againe
.
They
went
on
,
and
inferred
;
That
if
the
World
were
a
Liuing
Creature
,
it
had
a
Soule
,
and
Spirit
;
Which
also
they
ha●●●
calling
it
Spiritus
Mundi
;
The
Spirit
or
Soule
of
the
World
:
By
which
they
did
not
intend
God
;
(
for
they
did
admit
of
a
Deitie
besides
;
)
But
only
the
Soule
,
or
Essentiall
Forme
of
the
Vniue●se
.
This
Foundation
being
laid
,
they
mought
build
vpon
it
,
what
they
would
;
For
in
a
Liuing
Creature
,
though
neuer
so
great
,
(
As
for
Example
,
in
a
great
Whale
,
)
the
Sense
,
and
the
Affects
of
any
one
Part
of
the
Body
,
instantly
make
a
Transcursion
tho●
rowout
the
whole
Body
:
So
that
by
this
they
did
insinuate
,
that
no
Distance
of
Place
,
nor
Want
or
Indisposition
of
Matter
,
could
hinder
Magicall
Operations
;
But
that
,
(
for
Example
,
)
wee
mought
here
in
Europe
,
haue
Sense
and
Feeling
of
that
,
which
was
done
in
China
:
And
likewise
,
we
mought
worke
any
Effect
,
without
,
and
against
Matter
:
And
this
,
not
Holpen
by
the
Cooperation
of
Angels
,
or
Spirits
,
but
only
by
the
Vnitie
and
Harmonie
of
Nature
.
There
were
some
also
,
that
staid
not
here
;
but
went
further
,
and
held
;
That
if
the
Spirit
of
Man
,
(
whom
they
call
the
Microcosme
,
)
doe
giue
a
fit
touch
to
the
Spirit
of
the
World
,
by
strong
Imaginations
,
and
Beleefes
,
it
might
command
Nature
;
For
Paracelsus
,
and
some
darksome
Authors
of
Magicke
,
doe
ascribe
to
Imagination
Exalted
,
the
Power
of
Miracle-working
Faith
.
With
these
Vast
and
Bottomelesse
Follies
,
Men
haue
been
(
in
part
)
entertained
.
But
wee
,
that
hold
firme
to
the
Works
of
God
;
And
to
the
Sense
,
which
is
Gods
Lampe
;
(
Lucerna
Dei
Spiraculum
Hominis
;
)
willen
quire
,
with
all
Sobrietie
,
and
Seueritie
,
whether
there
be
to
be
found
,
in
the
Foot-steps
of
Nature
,
any
such
Transmission
and
Influx
of
Immateriate
Vertues
;
And
what
the
Force
of
Imagination
is
;
Either
vpon
the
Body
Imaginant
,
or
vpon
another
Body
:
Wherein
it
will
be
like
that
Labour
of
Hercules
,
in
Purging
the
Stable
of
Augeas
,
to
separate
from
Superstitious
,
and
Magicall
Arts
,
and
Obseruations
,
any
thing
that
is
cleane
,
and
pure
Naturall
;
And
not
to
be
either
Contemned
,
or
Condemned
.
And
although
wee
shall
haue
occasion
to
speake
of
this
in
more
Places
than
One
,
yet
we
will
now
make
some
Entrance
thereinto
.
Men
are
to
be
Admonished
,
that
they
doe
not
with-draw
Credit
,
from
the
Operations
by
Transmission
of
Spirits
,
and
Force
of
Imagination
,
because
the
Effects
faile
sometimes
.
Experiments
in
Consort
,
Moa●●
,
touching
Transmission
of
Spirits
,
and
the
Force
of
Imagination
.
For
as
in
Infection
,
and
Contagion
from
Body
to
Body
,
(
as
the
Plague
,
and
the
like
,
)
it
is
most
certaine
,
that
the
Infection
is
receiued
(
many
times
)
by
the
Body
Passiue
,
but
yet
is
by
the
Strength
,
and
good
Disposition
thereof
,
Repulsed
,
and
wrought
out
,
before
it
be
formed
into
a
Disease
;
So
much
more
in
Impressions
from
Minde
to
Minde
,
or
from
Spirit
to
Spirit
,
the
Impression
taketh
,
but
is
Encountred
,
and
Ouercome
,
by
the
Minde
and
Spirit
,
which
is
Passiue
,
before
it
worke
any
manifest
Effect
.
And
therefore
,
they
worke
most
vpon
Weake
Mindes
,
and
Spirits
:
As
those
of
Women
;
Sicke
Persons
;
Superstitious
,
and
Fearfull
Persons
;
Children
,
and
Young
Creatures
;
Nescio
quis
teneros
Oculus
mihi
fascinat
Agnos
:
The
Poet
speaketh
not
of
Sheepe
,
but
of
Lambs
.
As
for
the
Weaknesse
of
the
Power
of
them
,
vpon
Kings
,
and
Magistrates
;
It
may
be
ascribed
,
(
besides
the
maine
,
which
is
the
Protection
of
God
,
ouer
those
that
Execute
his
Place
,
)
to
the
Weaknesse
of
the
Imagination
of
the
Imaginant
:
For
it
is
hard
,
for
a
Witch
,
or
a
Sorcerer
,
to
put
on
a
Beleefe
,
that
they
can
hurt
such
Persons
.
Men
are
to
be
Admonished
,
on
the
other
side
,
that
they
doe
not
easily
giue
Place
and
Credit
to
these
Operations
,
because
they
Succeed
many
times
;
For
the
Cause
of
this
Successe
,
is
(
oft
)
to
be
truly
ascribed
,
vnto
the
Force
of
Affection
and
Imagination
,
vpon
the
Body
Agent
;
And
then
by
a
Secondary
Meanes
,
it
may
worke
vpon
a
Diuers
Body
:
As
for
Example
;
If
a
Man
carry
a
Planets
Seale
,
or
a
Ring
,
or
some
Part
of
a
Beast
,
beleeuing
strongly
,
that
it
will
helpe
him
to
obtaine
his
Loue
;
Or
to
keepe
him
from
danger
of
hurt
in
Fight
;
Or
to
preuaile
in
a
Suit
;
&c.
it
may
make
him
more
Actiue
,
and
Industrious
;
And
againe
,
more
Confident
,
and
Persisting
,
than
otherwise
he
would
be
.
Now
the
great
Effects
that
may
come
of
Industrie
,
and
Perseuerance
,
(
especially
in
Ciuill
Businesse
,
)
who
knoweth
not
?
For
wee
see
Audacitie
doth
almost
binde
and
mare
the
weaker
Sort
of
Minds
;
And
the
State
of
Humane
Actions
is
so
variable
,
that
to
trie
Things
oft
,
and
neuer
to
giue
ouer
,
doth
Wonders
:
Therefore
,
it
were
a
Meere
Fallacie
and
Mistaking
,
to
ascribe
that
to
the
Force
of
Imagination
,
vpon
another
Body
,
which
is
but
the
Force
of
Imagination
vpon
the
Proper
Body
:
For
there
is
no
doubt
,
but
that
Imagination
,
and
Vehement
Affection
,
worke
greatly
vpon
the
Body
of
the
Imaginant
:
As
wee
shall
shew
in
due
place
.
Men
are
to
be
Admonished
,
that
as
they
are
not
to
mistake
the
Causes
of
these
Operations
;
So
,
much
lesse
,
they
are
to
mistake
the
Fact
,
or
Effect
;
And
rashly
to
take
that
for
done
,
which
is
not
done
.
And
therefore
,
as
diuers
wise
Indges
haue
prescribed
,
and
cautioned
,
Men
may
not
too
rashly
beleeue
,
the
Confessions
of
Witches
,
nor
yet
the
Enidence
against
them
.
For
the
Witches
themselues
are
Imaginatiue
,
and
beleeue
oft-times
,
they
doe
that
,
which
they
doe
not
:
And
People
are
Credulous
in
that
point
,
and
ready
to
impute
Accidents
,
and
Naturall
Operations
,
to
Witch
Craft
.
It
is
worthy
the
Obseruing
,
that
both
in
Ancient
,
and
Late
times
;
(
As
in
the
Thassalian
Witches
,
and
the
Meetings
of
Witches
that
haue
beene
recorded
by
so
many
late
Confessions
;
)
the
great
Wonders
which
they
tell
,
of
Carrying
in
the
Aire
;
Transforming
themselues
into
other
Bodies
;
&c.
are
still
reported
to
be
wrought
,
not
by
Incantations
,
or
Ceremonies
;
But
by
Ointments
,
and
Annointing
themselues
all
ouer
.
This
may
iustly
moue
a
Man
to
thinke
,
that
these
Fables
are
the
Effects
of
Imagination
:
For
it
is
certaine
,
that
Ointments
doe
all
,
(
if
they
be
laid
on
any
thing
thicke
,
)
by
Stopping
of
the
Pores
,
shut
in
the
Vapours
,
and
send
them
to
the
Head
extremely
.
And
for
the
Particular
Ingredients
of
those
Magicall
Ointments
,
it
is
like
they
are
Opiate
,
and
Soporiferous
.
For
Annointing
of
the
Fore-head
,
Necke
,
Feet
,
Back-Bone
,
we
know
is
vsed
for
Procuring
Dead
Sleepes
:
And
if
any
Man
say
,
that
this
Effect
would
be
better
done
by
Inward
Potions
;
Answer
may
be
made
,
that
the
Medicines
,
which
goe
to
the
Ointments
,
are
so
strong
,
that
if
they
were
vsed
inwards
,
they
would
kill
those
that
vse
them
:
And
therefore
they
worke
Potently
,
though
Outwards
.
We
will
diuide
the
Seuerall
Kindes
of
the
Operations
,
by
Transmission
of
Spirits
,
and
Imagination
;
Which
will
giue
no
small
Light
to
the
Experiments
that
follow
.
All
Operations
by
Transmission
of
Spirits
,
and
Imagination
haue
this
;
That
they
Worke
at
Distance
,
and
not
at
Touch
;
And
they
are
these
being
distinguished
.
The
First
is
the
Transmission
or
Emission
,
of
the
Thinner
,
and
more
Airy
Parts
of
Bodies
;
As
in
Odours
,
and
Infections
;
And
this
is
,
of
all
the
rest
,
the
most
Corporeall
.
But
you
must
remember
withall
,
that
there
be
a
Number
of
those
Emissions
,
both
Wholesome
,
and
Vnwholesome
,
that
giue
no
Smell
at
all
:
For
the
Plague
,
many
times
,
when
it
is
taken
,
giueth
no
Sent
at
all
:
And
there
be
many
Good
and
Healthfull
Aires
,
that
doe
appeare
by
Habitation
,
and
other
Proofes
,
that
differ
not
in
Smell
from
other
Aires
.
And
vnder
this
Head
,
you
may
place
all
Imbibitions
of
Aire
,
where
the
Substance
is
Materiall
,
Odour-like
;
Whereof
some
neuerthelesse
are
strange
,
and
very
suddenly
diffused
;
As
the
Alteration
,
which
the
Aire
receiueth
in
AEgypt
,
almost
immediately
,
vpon
the
Rising
of
the
Riuer
of
Nilus
,
whereof
we
haue
spoken
.
The
Second
is
the
Transmission
or
Emission
of
those
Things
that
wee
call
Spirituall
Species
;
As
Visibles
,
and
Sounds
:
The
one
whereof
wee
haue
handled
;
And
the
other
we
shall
handle
in
due
place
.
These
moue
swiftly
,
and
at
great
distance
;
But
then
they
require
a
Medium
well
disposed
;
And
their
Transmission
is
easily
stopped
.
The
Third
is
the
Emissions
,
which
cause
Attraction
of
Certaine
Bodies
at
Distance
;
Wherein
though
the
Loadstone
be
commonly
placed
in
the
First
Ranke
,
yet
we
thinke
good
to
except
it
,
and
referre
it
to
another
Head
:
But
the
Drawing
of
Amber
,
and
let
,
and
other
Electricke
Bodies
;
And
the
Attraction
in
Gold
of
the
Spirit
of
Quick-Siluer
,
at
distance
;
And
the
Attraction
of
Heat
at
distance
;
And
that
of
Fire
to
Naphtha
;
And
that
of
some
Herbs
to
Water
,
though
at
distance
;
And
diuers
others
;
We
shall
handle
,
but
yet
not
vnder
this
present
Title
,
but
vnder
the
Title
of
Attraction
in
generall
.
The
Fourth
is
the
Emission
of
Spirits
,
and
Immateriate
Powers
and
Vertues
,
in
those
Things
,
which
worke
by
the
Vniuersall
Configuration
,
and
Sympathy
of
the
World
;
Not
by
Formes
,
or
Colestiall
Influxes
,
(
as
is
vainly
caught
and
receiued
,
)
but
by
the
Primitiue
Nature
of
Matter
,
and
the
Seeds
of
Things
.
Of
this
kinde
is
,
(
as
we
yet
suppose
,
)
the
Working
of
the
Load-Stone
,
which
is
by
Consent
with
the
Globe
of
the
Earth
:
Of
this
Kinde
is
the
Motion
of
Grauity
,
which
is
by
Consent
of
De●se
Bodies
,
with
the
Globe
of
the
Earth
:
Of
this
kinde
is
some
Disposition
of
Bodies
to
Rotation
,
and
particularly
from
East
to
West
:
Of
which
kinde
we
conceiue
the
Maine
Float
and
Re-float
of
the
Sea
is
,
which
is
by
Consent
of
the
Vniuerse
,
as
Part
of
the
Diurnall
Motion
.
These
I●●teriate
Vertues
haue
this
Property
differing
from
Others
;
That
the
Diuersity
of
the
Medium
hindreth
them
not
;
But
they
passe
through
all
Mediums
;
yet
at
Determinate
distances
.
And
of
these
we
shall
speake
,
as
they
are
incident
to
seuerall
Titles
.
The
Fifth
is
the
Emissions
of
Spirits
;
And
this
is
the
Principall
in
our
Intention
to
handle
now
in
this
Place
Namely
,
the
Operation
of
the
Spirits
of
the
Minde
of
Man
,
vpon
other
Spirits
:
And
this
is
of
a
Double
Nature
:
The
Operations
of
the
Affections
,
if
they
be
Vehement
;
And
the
Operation
of
the
Imagination
,
if
it
be
Strong
.
But
these
two
are
so
Conp●●d
,
as
we
shall
handle
them
together
:
For
when
an
E●●io●
,
or
Am●ro●●
Aspect
doth
infect
the
Spirits
of
Another
,
there
is
Ioyned
both
Affection
,
and
Imagination
.
The
Sixth
is
,
the
Influxes
of
the
Hea●●ly
Bodies
,
besides
those
two
Manifest
Oues
,
of
Heat
,
and
Light
.
But
these
we
will
handle
,
where
we
handle
the
C●lestiall
Bodies
,
and
Motions
.
The
Seuenth
is
the
Operations
of
Sympathy
;
Which
the
Writers
of
Naturall
Magicke
haue
brought
into
an
Art
,
or
Precept
:
And
it
is
this
;
That
if
you
desire
to
Super-induce
,
any
Vertue
or
Disposition
,
vpon
a
Person
,
you
should
take
the
Liuing
Creature
,
in
which
that
Vertue
is
most
Emine●●
,
and
in
Perfection
:
Of
that
Creature
you
must
take
the
Parts
,
wherein
that
Virtue
chiefly
is
Collecate
:
Againe
,
you
must
take
those
Parts
,
in
the
Time
,
and
Act
,
when
that
Vertue
is
most
in
Exercise
;
And
then
you
must
apply
it
to
that
Part
of
Man
,
wherein
that
Vertue
chiefly
Consisteth
.
As
if
you
would
Super-induce
Courage
and
Fortitude
,
take
a
Lion
,
or
a
Coche
;
And
take
the
Heart
,
Teeth
,
or
Paw
of
the
Lion
;
Or
the
Heart
,
or
Spurre
of
the
Cocke
:
Take
those
Parts
immediately
after
the
Lion
,
or
the
Cocke
haue
beene
in
Fight
;
And
let
them
be
worne
,
vpon
a
Mans
Heart
,
or
Wrest
.
Of
these
and
such
like
Sympathies
,
we
shall
speake
vnder
this
present
Title
.
The
Eighth
and
last
is
,
an
Emission
of
Immateriate
Vertues
;
Such
as
we
are
a
little
doubtfull
to
Propound
;
It
is
so
predigious
:
But
that
it
is
so
conste●ly
a●ouched
by
many
:
And
wee
hour
set
it
downe
,
as
a
Law
to
our Selues
,
to
examine
things
to
the
Bottome
;
And
not
to
receiue
vpon
Credit
,
or
reiect
vpon
Improbabilities
,
vntill
there
hath
passed
a
due
Examination
.
This
is
,
the
Sympathy
of
Indiuiduals
:
For
as
there
is
a
Sympathy
of
Species
;
So
,
(
it
may
be
)
there
is
a
Sympathy
of
Indiuiduals
:
That
is
,
that
in
Things
,
or
the
Parts
of
Things
,
that
haue
beene
once
Contiguous
,
or
Entire
,
there
should
remaine
a
Transmission
of
Vertue
,
from
the
One
to
the
Other
:
As
betweene
the
Weapon
,
and
the
Wound
.
Whereupon
is
blazed
abroad
the
Operation
of
Vnguentum
Teli
:
And
so
of
a
Peece
of
Lard
,
or
Sticke
of
Elder
,
&c.
that
if
Part
of
it
be
Consumed
or
Putrified
,
it
will
worke
vpon
the
other
Part
Seuered
.
Now
wee
will
pursue
the
Instances
themselues
.
The
Plague
is
many
times
taken
without
Manifest
Sense
,
as
hath
beene
said
.
Experiments
in
Consort
,
touching
Emission
of
Spirits
in
Vapour
,
or
Exhalation
,
Odour-like
.
And
they
report
,
that
where
it
is
found
,
it
hath
a
Sent
,
of
the
Smell
of
a
Mellow
Apple
;
And
(
as
some
say
)
of
May-Flowers
:
And
it
is
also
receiued
,
that
Smels
of
Flowers
,
that
are
Mellow
and
Lushious
,
are
ill
for
the
Plague
;
As
White
Lillies
,
Cowslips
,
and
Hyacinths
.
The
Plague
is
not
easily
receiued
by
such
,
as
continually
are
about
them
,
that
haue
the
Plague
;
As
Keepers
of
the
Sicke
,
and
Physitians
;
Nor
againe
by
such
as
take
Antidotes
,
either
Inward
,
(
as
Mithridate
;
InniperBerries
;
Rue
,
Leafe
and
Seed
;
&c.
)
Or
Outward
,
(
as
Angelica
,
Zedoary
,
and
the
like
,
in
the
Mouth
;
Tarre
,
Galbanum
,
and
the
like
,
in
Perfume
;
)
Nor
againe
by
Old
People
,
and
such
as
are
of
a
Dry
and
Cold
Complexion
.
On
the
other
side
,
the
Plague
taketh
soonest
hold
of
those
,
that
come
out
of
a
Fresh
Aire
;
And
of
those
that
are
Fasting
;
And
of
Children
;
And
it
is
likewise
noted
to
goe
in
a
Bloud
,
more
than
to
a
Stranger
.
The
most
Pernicious
Infection
,
next
the
Plague
,
is
the
Smell
of
the
Iayle
;
When
Prisoners
haue
beene
Long
,
and
Close
,
and
Nastily
kepti
Whereof
we
haue
had
,
in
our
time
,
Experience
,
twice
or
thrice
;
when
both
the
Iudges
that
sate
vpon
the
Iayle
,
and
Numbers
of
those
that
attended
the
Businesse
,
or
were
present
,
Sickned
vpon
it
,
and
Died.
Therfore
it
were
good
wisdome
,
that
in
such
Cases
,
the
Iayle
were
Aired
,
before
they
be
brought
forth
.
Out
of
question
,
if
such
Foule
Smels
be
made
by
Art
,
and
by
the
Hand
,
they
consist
chiefly
of
Mans
Flesh
,
or
Sweat
,
Putrified
;
For
they
are
not
those
Stinckes
,
which
the
Nosthrils
streight
abhorre
,
and
expell
,
that
are
most
Pernicious
;
But
such
Aires
,
as
haue
some
Similitude
with
Mans
Body
;
And
so
insinuate
themselues
,
and
betray
the
Spirits
.
There
may
be
great
danger
,
in
vsing
such
Compositions
,
in
great
Meetings
of
People
,
within
Houses
;
As
in
Churches
;
At
Arraignments
;
At
Playes
and
Solemnities
;
And
the
like
;
For
Poysoning
of
Aire
is
no
lesse
dangerous
than
Poysoning
of
Water
;
Which
hath
beene
vsed
by
the
Turkes
in
the
Warres
;
And
was
vsed
by
Emanuel
Commenus
towards
the
Christians
,
when
they
passed
thorow
his
Countrey
to
the
Holy
Land
.
And
these
Empoisonments
of
Aire
,
are
the
more
dangerous
in
Meetings
of
People
;
Because
the
much
Breath
of
People
,
doth
further
the
Reception
of
the
Infection
:
And
therefore
,
where
any
such
Thing
is
feared
,
it
were
good
,
those
Publique
Places
were
perfumed
,
before
the
Assemblies
.
The
Empoysonment
of
Particular
Persons
,
by
Odours
,
hath
beene
reported
to
be
in
Perfumed
Gloues
,
or
the
like
:
And
it
is
like
,
they
Mingle
the
Poyson
that
is
dexdly
,
with
some
Smels
that
are
Sweet
,
which
also
maketh
it
the
sooner
receiued
.
Plagues
also
haue
been
raised
by
Annointings
of
the
Chinckes
of
Doores
,
and
the
like
;
Nor
so
much
by
the
Touch
,
as
for
that
it
is
common
for
Men
,
when
they
finde
any
thing
Wet
vpon
their
Fingers
,
to
put
them
to
their
Nose
;
Which
Men
therefore
should
take
heed
how
they
doe
.
The
best
is
,
that
these
Compositions
of
Infectious
Aires
,
cannot
be
made
without
Danger
of
Death
,
to
them
that
make
them
.
But
then
againe
,
they
may
haue
some
Antidotes
to
saue
themselues
,
So
that
Men
ought
not
to
be
secure
of
it
.
There
haue
beene
,
in
diuers
Countries
,
great
Plagues
,
by
the
Putrefaction
,
of
great
Swarmes
of
Grasse-Hoppers
,
and
L●custs
,
when
they
haue
beene
dead
,
and
cast
vpon
Heaps
.
It
hapneth
oft
in
Mines
,
that
there
are
Damps
,
which
kill
,
either
by
Suffocation
,
or
by
the
Poysonous
Nature
of
the
Minerall
:
And
those
that
deale
much
in
Refining
,
or
other
Workes
about
Metals
,
and
Minerals
,
haue
their
Braines
Hurt
and
Stupefied
by
the
Metalline
Vapours
.
Amongst
which
,
it
is
noted
,
that
the
Spirits
of
Quick-Siluer
,
euer
fly
to
the
Skull
,
Teeth
,
or
Bones
;
In
so
much
as
Gilders
vse
to
haue
a
Peece
of
Gold
in
their
Mouth
,
to
draw
the
Spirits
of
the
Quick-Siluer
;
Which
Gold
afterwards
they
finde
to
be
Whintened
.
There
are
also
certaine
Lakes
,
and
Pits
,
such
as
that
of
Anernus
,
that
Poyson
Birds
,
(
as
is
said
,
)
which
fly
ouer
them
;
Or
Men
,
that
stay
too
long
about
them
.
The
Vapour
of
Char-Code
,
or
Sea-Coale
,
in
a
Close
Roome
,
hath
killed
many
:
And
it
is
the
more
dangerous
,
because
it
commeth
without
any
Tll
Smell
;
But
stealeth
on
by
little
and
little
;
Enducing
only
a
F●●●nesse
,
without
any
Manifest
Strangling
.
When
the
Dutch-Men
Wintred
at
Noua
Zembla
,
and
that
they
could
gather
no
more
Stickes
,
they
fell
to
make
Fire
of
some
Sea-Coale
they
had
,
wherewith
(
at
first
)
they
were
much
refreshed
;
But
a
little
after
they
had
sit
about
the
Fire
,
there
grew
a
Generall
Silence
,
and
lothnesse
to
speake
amongst
them
;
And
immediately
after
,
One
of
the
Weakest
of
the
Company
,
fell
downe
in
a
Swoune
;
Whereupon
they
doubting
what
it
was
,
opened
their
doore
,
to
let
in
Aire
,
and
so
saued
themselues
.
The
Effect
(
no
doubt
)
is
wrought
by
the
Inspissation
of
the
Aire
;
And
so
of
the
Breath
,
and
Spirits
.
The
like
ensueth
in
Roomes
newly
Plastered
,
if
a
Fire
be
made
in
them
;
Whereof
no
lesse
Man
than
the
Emperour
Ioninianus
Died.
Vide
the
Experiment
,
803.
touching
the
Infectious
Nature
of
the
Aire
,
vpon
the
First
Showers
,
after
long
Drought
.
It
hath
come
to
passe
,
that
some
Apothecaries
,
vpon
Stamping
of
Coloquintida
,
haue
beene
put
into
a
great
Sk●●ring
,
by
the
Vapour
onely
.
It
hath
beene
a
Practise
,
to
burne
a
Pepper
,
they
call
Ginny-Pepper
;
Which
hath
such
a
strong
Spirit
,
that
it
prouoketh
a
Continuall
Sneezing
,
in
those
that
are
in
the
Roome
.
It
is
an
Ancient
Tradition
,
that
Bleare-Byes
infect
Sound-Eyes
;
And
that
a
Menstruous
Woman
,
looking
vpon
a
Glasse
,
doth
rust
it
.
Nay
they
haue
an
Opinion
,
which
seemeth
Fabulous
;
That
Menstruous
Women
,
going
ouer
a
Field
,
or
Garden
,
doe
Corne
and
Herbes
good
by
Killing
the
Wormes
.
The
Tradition
is
no
lesse
Ancient
,
that
the
Bafiliske
killeth
by
Aspect
;
And
that
the
Wolfe
,
if
he
see
a
Man
first
,
by
Aspect
striketh
a
Man
hoarse
.
Perfumes
Conuenient
doe
dry
and
strengthen
the
Braine
;
And
stay
Rbeumes
and
Defluxions
;
As
we
finde
in
Fame
of
Rose-Mary
dryed
,
and
Lignum
Aloës
,
and
Calamus
,
taken
at
the
Mouth
,
and
Nosthrils
;
And
no
doubt
there
be
other
Perfumes
,
that
doe
moisten
,
and
refresh
;
And
are
fit
to
be
vsed
in
Burning
Agues
,
Consumptions
,
and
too
much
Wakefulnesse
;
Such
as
are
,
Rose-Water
,
Vinegar
,
Limon-Pills
,
Violets
,
the
Leanes
of
Vines
sprinckled
with
a
little
Rose-Water
,
&c.
They
doe
vse
in
Sudden
Faintings
,
and
Swonnings
,
to
put
a
Handkerchiefe
with
Rose
Water
,
or
a
Little
Vinegar
,
to
the
Nose
;
Which
gathereth
together
againe
the
Spirits
,
which
are
vpon
point
to
resolue
,
and
fall
away
.
Tobacco
comforteth
the
Spirits
,
and
dischargeth
Wearinesse
;
Which
it
worketh
partly
by
Opening
;
But
chiefly
by
the
Opiate
Vertue
,
which
condenseth
the
Spirits
.
It
were
good
therefore
to
try
the
Taking
of
Fumes
by
Pipes
,
(
as
they
doe
in
Tobacco
,
)
of
other
Things
;
As
well
to
dry
,
and
comfort
,
as
for
other
Intentions
.
I
wish
Triall
be
made
of
the
Drying
Fume
,
of
Rose-Mary
,
and
Lignum
Aloës
,
before
mentioned
,
in
Pipe
;
And
so
of
Nutmeg
,
and
Folium
Indum
;
&c.
The
Following
of
the
Plough
,
hath
been
approued
,
for
Refreshing
the
Spirits
,
and
Procuring
Appetite
:
But
to
doe
it
in
the
Ploughing
for
Wheat
,
or
Rye
,
is
not
so
good
;
Because
the
Earth
hath
spent
her
Sweet
Breath
,
in
Vegetables
,
put
forth
in
Summer
.
It
is
better
therefore
to
doe
it
,
when
you
sow
Barley
.
But
because
Ploughing
is
tied
to
Seasons
,
it
is
best
to
take
the
Aire
of
the
Earth
,
new
turned
vp
,
by
Digging
with
the
Spade
;
Or
Standing
by
him
that
Diggeth
.
Gentlewomen
may
doe
themselues
much
good
by
kneeling
vpon
a
Cushion
,
and
Weeding
.
And
these
Things
you
may
practise
in
the
best
Seasons
;
Which
is
euer
the
Early
Spring
.
before
the
Earth
putteth
forth
the
Vegetables
;
And
in
the
Sweetest
Earth
you
can
chuse
.
It
would
be
done
also
,
when
the
Dew
is
a
little
off
the
Ground
,
lest
the
Vapour
be
too
Moist
.
I
knew
a
great
Man
,
that
liued
Long
,
who
had
a
Cleane
Clod
of
Earth
,
brought
to
him
euery
Morning
,
as
he
sate
in
his
Bed
;
And
he
would
hold
his
Head
ouer
it
,
a
good
pretty
while
.
I
Commend
also
,
sometimes
,
in
Digging
of
New
Earth
,
to
poure
in
some
Malmesey
,
or
Greeke
Wine
;
That
the
Vapour
of
the
Earth
,
and
Wine
together
,
may
comfort
the
Spirits
,
the
more
;
Prouided
alwaies
,
it
be
not
taken
,
for
a
Heathen
Sacrifice
,
or
Libation
to
the
Earth
.
They
haue
,
in
Physicke
,
Vse
of
Pomanders
,
and
Knots
of
Powders
,
for
Drying
of
Rheumes
,
Comforting
of
the
Heart
,
Prouking
of
Sleepe
,
&c.
For
though
those
Things
be
not
so
Strong
as
Perfumes
,
yet
you
may
haue
them
continually
in
your
Hand
;
whereas
Perfumes
you
can
take
but
at
Times
;
And
besides
,
there
be
diuers
Things
,
that
breath
better
of
themselues
,
than
when
they
come
to
the
Fire
;
As
Nigella
Romana
,
the
Seed
of
Melanthium
,
A●o●num
,
&c.
There
be
two
Things
,
which
(
inwardly
vsed
)
doe
Coole
and
condense
the
Spirits
;
And
I
wish
the
same
to
be
tried
outwardly
in
Vapours
.
The
One
is
Nitre
,
which
I
would
haue
dissoluted
in
Malmesey
,
or
GreekeWine
,
and
so
the
Smell
of
the
Wine
taken
;
Or
if
you
would
haue
it
more
forcible
,
poure
of
it
vpon
a
Fire-pan
,
well
heated
,
as
they
doe
Rose-Water
,
and
Vinegar
.
The
other
is
,
the
Distilled
Water
of
Wilde
Poppy
;
which
I
wish
to
be
mingled
,
at
halfe
,
with
Rose-Water
,
and
so
taken
with
some
Mixture
of
a
few
Clones
,
in
a
Perfuming-Pan
.
The
like
would
be
done
with
the
Distilled
Water
of
Saffron
Flowers
.
Smells
of
Muske
,
and
Amber
,
and
Ciuit
,
are
thought
to
further
Venereous
Appetite
:
Which
they
may
doe
by
the
Refreshing
and
Calling
forth
of
the
Spirits
.
Incense
,
and
Nidorous
Smells
,
(
such
as
were
of
Sacrifices
,
)
were
thought
to
Intoxicate
the
Braine
,
and
to
dispose
Men
to
Deuotion
:
Which
they
may
doe
,
by
a
kinde
of
Sadnesse
,
and
Contristation
of
the
Spirits
:
And
partly
also
by
Heating
,
and
Exalting
them
.
Wee
see
,
that
amongst
the
Iewes
,
the
Principall
Perfume
of
the
Sanctuary
,
was
forbidden
all
Common
Vses
.
There
be
some
Perfumes
,
prescribed
by
the
Writers
of
Naturall
Magicke
,
which
procure
Pleasant
Dreames
;
And
some
others
,
(
as
they
say
,
)
that
procure
Propheticall
Dreames
;
As
the
Seeds
of
Flax
,
Fleawort
,
&c.
It
is
certaine
,
that
Odours
doe
,
in
a
small
Degree
,
Nourish
;
Especially
the
Odour
of
Wine
:
And
we
see
Men
a
hungred
,
doe
loue
to
smell
Hot
Bread
.
It
is
related
,
that
Democritus
,
when
he
lay
a
dying
,
heard
a
Woman
,
in
the
House
,
complaine
,
that
she
should
be
kept
from
being
at
a
Feast
,
and
Solemnity
,
(
which
she
much
desired
to
see
,
)
because
there
would
be
a
Corps
in
the
House
;
Whereupon
he
caused
Loaues
of
New
Bread
to
be
sent
for
,
and
opened
them
;
And
powred
a
little
Wine
into
them
;
And
so
kept
himselfe
aliue
with
the
Odour
of
them
,
till
the
Feast
was
past
.
I
knew
a
Gentleman
,
that
would
fast
(
sometimes
)
three
or
foure
,
yea
fiue
dayes
,
without
Meat
,
Bread
,
or
Drinke
;
But
the
same
Man
vsed
to
haue
continually
,
a
great
Wispe
of
Herbes
,
that
he
smelled
on
:
And
amongst
those
Herbes
,
some
Esculent
Herbs
of
strong
Sent
;
As
Onions
,
Garlicke
,
Leekes
,
and
the
like
.
They
doe
vse
,
for
the
Accident
of
the
Mother
,
to
burne
Feathers
,
and
other
Things
of
Ill
Odour
:
And
by
those
Ill
Smells
,
the
Rising
of
the
Mother
is
put
downe
.
There
be
Aires
,
which
the
Physitians
aduise
their
Patients
to
remoue
vnto
,
in
Consumptions
,
or
vpon
Recouery
of
Long
Sicknessess
Which
(
commonly
)
are
Plaine
Champaignes
,
but
Grasing
,
and
not
Ouen-growne
with
Heath
,
or
the
like
:
Or
else
Timber-Shades
,
as
in
Forrests
,
and
the
like
.
It
is
noted
also
,
that
Groues
of
Bayes
doe
forbid
Pestilent
Aires
;
Which
was
accounted
a
great
Cause
of
the
Wholesome
Aire
of
Antiochia
.
There
be
also
some
Soyles
that
put
forth
Odorate
Herbes
of
themselues
;
As
Wilde
Thyme
;
Wilde
Maioram
;
Penny-Roiall
;
Camomill
;
And
in
which
the
BriarRoses
smell
almost
like
Muske-Roses
;
Which
(
no
doubt
)
are
Signes
that
doe
discouer
an
Excellent
Aire
.
It
were
good
for
Men
,
to
thinke
of
hauing
Healthfull
Aire
,
in
their
Houses
;
Which
will
neuer
be
,
if
the
Roomes
be
Low-roosed
,
or
full
of
Windowes
,
and
Doores
;
For
the
one
maketh
the
Aire
Close
,
and
not
Fresh
;
And
the
other
maketh
it
Exceeding
Vnequall
;
Which
is
a
great
Enemy
to
Health
.
The
Windowes
also
should
not
be
high
vp
to
the
Roofe
,
(
which
is
in
vse
for
Beauty
,
and
Magnificence
,
)
but
Low.
Also
Stone-Walls
are
not
wholesome
;
But
Timber
is
more
wholesome
;
And
especially
Brick
.
Nay
it
hath
beene
vsed
by
some
,
with
great
Successe
,
to
make
their
Walls
thicke
;
And
to
put
a
Lay
of
Chalke
betweene
the
Brickes
,
to
take
away
all
Dampishnesse
.
These
Emissions
,
(
as
we
said
before
,
)
are
handled
,
and
ought
to
be
handled
,
by
themselues
,
vnder
their
Proper
Titles
:
That
is
,
Visibles
,
and
Andibles
,
each
a-part
:
In
this
Place
,
it
shall
suffice
to
giue
some
generall
Obseruations
,
Common
to
both
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
the
Emissions
of
Spiritual
Species
which
Affect
the
Senses
.
First
,
they
seeme
to
be
Incorporeall
.
Secondly
,
they
Worke
Swiftly
.
Thirdly
,
they
Worke
at
Large
Distances
.
Fourthly
,
in
Curious
Varieties
.
Fifthly
,
they
are
not
Effectiue
of
any
Thing
;
Nor
leaue
no
Worke
behinde
them
;
But
are
Energies
meerely
;
For
their
Working
vpon
Mirrours
,
and
Places
of
Eccho
,
doth
not
alter
any
Thing
in
those
Bodies
;
But
it
is
the
same
Action
with
the
Originall
,
onely
Repercussed
.
And
as
for
the
Shaking
of
windowes
,
or
Rarefying
the
Aire
by
Great
Noyses
;
And
the
Heat
caused
by
Burning-Glasses
;
They
are
rather
Concomitants
of
the
Andible
,
and
Visible
Species
,
than
the
Effects
of
them
.
Sixthly
,
they
seeme
to
be
ofso
Tender
,
and
Weake
a
Nature
,
as
they
affect
onely
such
a
Rare
,
and
Attenuate
Substance
,
as
is
the
spirit
of
Liuing
Creatures
.
It
is
mentioned
in
some
Stories
,
that
where
Children
haue
been
Exposed
,
or
taken
away
young
from
their
Parents
;
And
that
afterwards
they
haue
approached
to
their
Parents
presence
,
the
Parents
,
(
though
they
haue
not
knowne
them
,
)
haue
had
a
Secret
Ioy
,
or
Other
Alteration
thereupon
.
Experiments
in
Consort
,
touching
the
Emission
of
Immatcriate
Vertues
from
the
Mindes
,
and
Spirits
of
Men
,
either
by
Affectious
,
or
by
Imaginations
,
or
by
other
Impressions
.
There
was
an
AEgyptian
South-Sayer
,
that
made
Anthonius
beleeue
,
that
his
Genius
,
(
which
otherwise
was
Braue
,
and
Confident
,
)
was
,
in
the
Presence
of
Octanianus
Caesar
,
Poore
,
and
Cowardly
:
And
therefore
,
he
aduised
him
,
to
absent
himselfe
,
(
as
much
as
he
could
,
)
and
remoue
far
from
him
.
This
South-Sayer
was
thought
to
be
suborned
by
Cleopatra
,
to
make
him
liue
in
AEgypt
,
and
other
Remote
Places
from
Rome
.
Howsouer
the
Conceit
of
a
Perdominant
or
Mastering
Spirit
,
of
one
Man
ouer
Another
,
is
Ancient
,
and
Receiued
still
,
euen
in
Vulgar
Opinion
.
There
are
Conceits
,
that
some
Men
,
that
are
of
an
Ill
,
and
Melancholy
Nature
,
doe
incline
the
Company
,
into
which
they
come
,
to
be
Sad
;
and
Ill
disposed
;
And
contrariwise
,
that
Others
,
that
are
of
a
Iouiall
Nature
,
doe
dispose
the
Company
to
be
Merry
and
Cheerefull
.
And
againe
,
that
some
Men
are
Lucky
to
be
kept
Company
with
,
and
Employed
;
And
Others
Vnlucky
.
Certninly
,
it
is
agreeable
to
Reason
,
that
there
are
,
at
the
least
,
some
Light
Effluxions
from
Spirit
to
Spirit
,
when
Men
are
in
Presence
one
with
another
,
as
well
as
from
Body
to
Body
.
It
hath
beene
obserued
,
that
Old
Men
,
who
haue
loued
Toung
Company
,
and
beene
Conuersant
continually
with
them
,
haue
beene
of
Long
Life
;
Their
Spirits
,
(
as
it
seemeth
,
)
being
Recreated
by
such
Company
.
Such
were
the
Ancient
Sophists
,
and
Rhetoricians
;
Which
euer
had
Young
Auditours
,
and
Disciples
;
As
Gorgias
,
Protagoras
,
Isocrates
,
&c.
Who
liued
till
they
were
an
Hundred
yeares
Old
.
And
so
likewise
did
many
of
the
Grammarians
,
and
Schoole-Masters
;
such
as
was
Orbilius
,
&c.
Audacity
and
Confidence
doth
;
in
Ciuill
Businesse
,
so
great
Effects
,
as
a
Man
may
(
reasonably
)
doubt
,
that
besides
the
very
Daring
,
and
Earnestnesse
,
and
Persisting
and
Importunity
,
there
should
be
some
Secret
Binding
,
and
Stooping
of
other
Mens
Spirits
,
to
such
Persons
.
The
Affections
(
no
doubt
)
doe
make
the
Spirits
more
Powerfull
,
and
Actiue
;
And
especially
those
Affections
,
which
draw
the
Spirits
into
the
Eyes
:
Which
are
two
:
Loue
,
and
Enuy
,
which
is
called
Oculus
Malus
.
As
for
Loue
,
the
Platonists
,
(
some
of
them
,
)
goe
so
farre
,
as
to
hold
that
the
Spirit
of
the
Louer
,
doth
passe
into
the
Spirits
,
of
the
Person
Loued
;
Which
causeth
the
desire
of
Returne
into
the
Body
,
whence
it
was
Emitted
:
Whereupon
followeth
that
Appetite
of
Contact
,
and
Coninuction
.
which
is
in
Louers
.
And
this
is
obserued
likewise
,
that
the
Aspects
that
procure
Loue
,
are
not
Gazings
,
but
Sudden
Glances
,
and
Dartings
of
the
Eye
.
As
for
Enuy
,
that
emitteth
some
Maligne
and
Poysonous
Spirit
,
which
taketh
hold
of
the
Spirit
of
Another
;
And
is
likewise
of
greatest
Force
,
when
the
Cast
of
the
Eye
is
Oblique
.
It
hath
beene
noted
also
,
that
it
is
most
Dangerous
,
when
an
Enuious
Eye
is
cast
vpon
Persons
in
Glory
,
and
Triumph
,
and
Ioy
.
The
Reason
whereof
is
,
for
that
,
at
such
times
,
the
Spirits
come
forth
most
,
into
the
Outward
Parts
,
and
so
meet
the
Percussion
of
the
Enuious
Eye
,
more
at
Hand
:
And
therefore
it
hath
beene
noted
,
that
after
great
Triumphs
,
Men
haue
beene
ill
disposed
,
for
some
Daies
following
.
We
see
the
Opinion
of
Fascination
is
Ancient
,
for
both
Effects
;
Of
Procuring
Loue
;
And
Sicknesse
caused
by
Envy
:
And
Fascination
is
euer
by
the
Eye
.
But
yet
if
there
be
any
such
Infection
from
Spirit
to
Spirit
,
there
is
no
doubt
,
but
that
it
worketh
by
Presence
,
and
not
by
the
Eye
alone
;
Yet
most
Forcibly
by
the
Eye
.
Feare
,
and
Shame
,
are
likewise
Infection
;
For
we
see
that
the
Starting
of
one
will
make
another
ready
to
Start
:
And
when
one
Man
is
out
of
Conntenance
in
a
Company
,
others
doe
likewise
Blush
in
his
behalfe
.
Now
we
will
speake
of
the
Force
of
Imagination
vpon
other
Bodies
;
And
of
the
Meanes
to
Exalt
and
Strengthen
it
.
Imagination
,
in
this
Place
,
I
vnderstand
to
be
,
the
Representation
of
an
Indiuiduall
Thought
.
Imagination
is
of
three
Kinds
:
The
First
Ioyned
with
Beleefe
of
that
which
is
to
Come
:
The
Second
Ioyned
with
Memory
of
that
which
is
Past
:
And
the
Third
is
of
Things
Present
,
or
as
if
they
were
Present
;
For
I
comprehend
in
this
,
Imaginations
Faigned
,
and
at
Pleasure
;
As
if
one
should
Imagine
such
a
Man
to
be
in
the
Vestments
of
a
Pope
;
Or
to
haue
Wings
.
I
single
out
,
for
this
time
,
that
which
is
with
Faith
,
or
Beleefe
of
that
which
is
to
Come
.
The
Inquisition
of
this
Subiect
,
in
our
way
,
(
which
is
by
Induction
,
)
is
wonderfull
hard
;
for
the
Things
that
are
reported
,
are
full
of
Fables
;
And
New
Experiments
can
hardly
be
made
,
but
with
Extreme
Caution
,
for
the
Reason
which
wee
will
hereafter
declare
.
The
Power
of
Imagination
is
in
three
Kindes
;
The
First
,
vpon
the
Body
of
the
Imaginant
;
Including
likewise
the
Childe
in
the
Mothers
Wombe
;
The
Second
is
,
the
Power
of
it
vpon
Dead
Bodies
,
as
Plants
,
Wood
,
Stone
,
Metall
,
&c.
The
Third
is
,
the
Power
of
it
,
vpon
the
Spirits
of
Men
,
and
Liuing
Creatures
:
And
with
this
last
we
will
onely
meddle
.
The
Probleme
therefore
is
,
whether
a
Man
Constantly
and
Strongly
Beleeuing
,
that
such
a
Thing
shall
be
;
(
As
that
such
an
One
will
Loue
Him
;
Or
that
such
an
One
will
Grant
him
his
Request
;
Or
that
such
an
One
shall
Recouer
a
Sicknesse
;
Or
the
like
;
)
It
doth
helpe
any
thing
to
the
Effecting
of
the
Thing
it selfe
.
And
here
againe
we
must
warily
distinguish
;
For
it
is
not
meant
,
(
as
hath
beene
partly
said
before
,
)
that
it
should
helpe
by
Making
a
Man
more
Stout
,
or
more
Industrious
;
(
In
which
kinde
a
Constant
Beleefe
doth
much
;
)
But
meerely
by
a
Secret
Operation
,
or
Binding
,
or
Changing
the
Spirit
of
Another
:
And
in
this
it
is
hard
,
(
as
we
began
to
say
,
)
to
make
any
New
Experiment
;
For
I
cannot
command
my Selfe
to
Beleeue
what
I
will
,
and
so
no
Triall
can
be
made
.
Nay
it
is
worse
;
For
whatsoeuer
a
Man
Imagineth
doubtingly
,
or
with
Feare
,
must
needs
doe
hurt
,
if
Imagination
haue
any
Power
at
all
;
For
a
Man
representeth
that
oftner
,
that
he
feareth
,
than
the
contrary
.
The
Helpe
therefore
is
,
for
a
Man
to
worke
by
Another
,
in
whom
he
may
Create
Beleefe
,
and
not
by
Himselfe
;
Vntill
Himselfe
haue
found
by
Experience
,
that
Imagination
doth
preuaile
;
For
then
Experience
worketh
in
Himselfe
Beleefe
;
If
the
Beleefe
,
that
such
a
Thing
shall
be
,
be
ioyned
with
a
Beleefe
,
that
his
Imagination
may
procure
it
.
For
Example
;
I
related
one
time
to
a
Man
,
that
was
Curious
,
and
Vaine
enough
in
these
Things
;
That
I
saw
a
Kinds
of
Iugler
,
that
had
a
Paire
of
Cards
,
and
would
tell
a
Man
what
Card
he
thought
.
This
Pretended
Learned
Man
told
me
;
It
was
a
Mistaking
in
Me
;
For
(
said
he
)
it
was
not
the
Knowledge
of
the
Mans
Thought
,
(
for
that
is
Proper
to
God
,
)
but
it
was
the
Inforcing
of
a
Thought
vpon
him
,
and
Binding
his
Imagination
by
a
Stronger
,
that
he
could
Thinke
no
other
Card.
And
thereupon
he
asked
me
a
Question
,
or
two
,
which
I
thought
he
did
but
cunningly
,
knowing
before
what
vsed
to
be
the
Feats
of
the
Iugler
.
Sir
,
(
said
hee
,
)
doe
you
remember
whether
he
told
the
Card
,
the
Man
thought
,
Himselfe
,
or
bade
Another
to
tell
it
.
I
answered
(
as
was
true
;
)
That
be
bade
Another
tell
it
.
Whereunto
he
said
;
so
I
thought
:
For
(
said
he
)
Himselfe
could
not
haue
put
on
so
strong
an
Imagination
;
But
by
telling
the
other
the
Card
,
(
who
beleeued
that
the
Iugler
was
some
Strange
Man
,
and
could
doe
Strange
Things
,
)
that
other
Man
caught
a
strong
Imagination
.
I
harkened
vnto
him
,
thinking
for
a
Vanity
he
spoke
prettily
.
Then
he
asked
me
another
Question
:
Saith
he
;
Doe
you
remember
,
whether
he
had
the
Man
think
the
Card
first
,
and
afterwards
told
the
other
Man
in
his
Eare
,
what
he
should
thinke
,
Or
else
that
he
did
whisper
first
in
the
Mans
Eare
,
that
should
tell
the
Card
,
telling
that
such
a
Man
should
thinke
such
a
Card
,
and
after
bade
the
Man
thinke
a
Card
?
I
told
him
,
as
was
true
;
That
he
did
first
whisper
the
Man
in
the
Eare
,
that
such
a
Man
should
thinke
such
a
Card
:
Vpon
this
the
Learned
Man
did
much
Exult
,
and
Please
himselfe
,
saying
;
Loe
,
you
may
see
that
my
Opinion
is
right
:
For
if
the
Man
had
:
thought
first
,
his
Thought
had
beene
Fixed
;
But
the
other
Imagining
first
,
bound
his
Thought
.
Which
though
it
did
somewhat
sinke
with
mee
,
yet
I
made
it
Lighter
than
I
thought
,
and
said
;
I
thought
it
was
Confederacy
,
betweene
the
Iugler
,
and
the
two
Seruants
:
Though
(
Indeed
)
I
had
no
Reason
so
to
thinke
:
For
they
were
both
my
Fathers
Seruants
;
And
he
had
neuer
plaid
in
the
House
before
.
The
Iugler
also
did
cause
a
Garter
to
be
held
vp
;
And
tooke
vpon
him
,
to
know
,
that
such
a
One
,
should
point
in
such
a
Place
,
of
the
Garter
;
As
it
should
be
neare
so
many
Inches
to
the
Longer
End
,
and
so
many
to
the
Shorter
;
And
still
he
did
it
,
by
First
Telling
the
Imaginer
,
and
after
Bidding
the
Actour
Thinke
.
Hauing
told
this
Relation
,
not
for
the
Weight
thereof
,
but
because
it
doth
handsomely
open
the
Nature
of
the
Question
;
I
returne
to
that
I
said
;
That
Experiments
of
Imagination
,
must
be
practised
by
Others
,
and
not
by
a
Mans
Selfe
.
For
there
be
Three
Meanes
to
fortifie
Beleefe
:
The
First
is
Experience
:
The
Second
is
Reason
:
And
the
Third
is
Authoritie
:
And
that
of
these
,
which
is
farre
the
most
Potent
,
is
Authoritie
:
For
Beleefe
vpon
Reason
,
or
Experience
,
will
Stagger
.
For
Authoritie
,
it
is
of
two
Kindes
;
Beleefe
in
an
Art
;
And
Beleefe
in
a
Man
.
And
for
Things
of
Beleefe
in
an
Art
;
A
Man
may
exercise
them
by
Himselfe
;
But
for
Beleefe
in
a
Man
,
it
must
be
by
Another
.
Therfore
,
if
a
Man
beleeue
in
Astrologie
,
and
finde
a
Figure
Prosperous
;
Or
beleeue
in
Naturall
Magicke
,
and
that
a
Ring
with
such
a
Stone
,
or
such
a
Peece
of
a
Liuing
Creature
,
Carried
,
will
doe
good
;
It
may
helpe
his
Imagination
:
But
the
Beleefe
in
a
Man
is
farre
the
more
Actiue
.
But
howsoeuer
,
all
Authoritie
must
be
out
of
a
Mans
Selfe
,
turned
(
as
was
said
,
)
either
vpon
an
Art
,
or
vpon
a
Man
:
And
where
Authoritie
is
from
one
Man
to
another
,
there
the
Second
must
be
Ignorant
,
and
not
Learned
,
or
Full
of
Thoughts
;
And
such
are
(
for
the
most
part
)
all
Witches
,
and
Superstitious
Persons
;
Whose
Beleefes
,
tied
to
their
Teachers
,
and
Traditions
,
are
no
whit
controlled
,
either
by
Reason
,
or
Experience
:
And
vpon
the
same
Reason
,
in
Magicke
,
they
vse
(
for
the
most
part
,
)
Boyes
,
and
Young
People
;
whose
Spirits
easiliest
take
Beleefe
,
and
Imagination
.
Now
to
fortifie
Imagination
,
there
be
three
Wayes
:
The
Authoritie
whence
the
Beleefe
is
deriued
;
Meanes
to
Quicken
and
Corroborate
the
Imagination
;
And
Meanes
to
Repeat
it
,
and
Refresh
it
.
For
the
Authoritie
,
wee
haue
already
spoken
:
As
for
the
Second
;
Namely
the
Meanes
to
Quicken
,
and
Corroborate
the
Imagination
;
Wee
see
what
hath
beene
vsed
in
Magicke
;
(
If
there
be
in
those
Practises
any
thing
that
is
purely
Naturall
;
)
As
Vestments
;
Characters
;
Words
;
Seales
;
Some
Parts
of
Plants
,
or
Liuing
Creatures
;
Stones
;
Choice
of
the
Houre
;
Gestures
and
Motions
;
Also
Incenses
,
and
Odours
;
Choice
of
Societie
,
which
increaseth
Imagination
;
Diets
and
Preparations
for
some
time
before
.
And
for
Words
,
there
haue
beene
euer
vsed
,
either
Barbarous
Words
,
of
no
Sense
,
lest
they
should
disturbe
the
Imagination
;
Or
Words
of
Similitude
,
that
may
second
and
feed
the
Imagination
:
And
this
was
euer
as
well
in
Heathen
Charmes
,
as
in
Charmes
of
latter
Times
.
There
are
vsed
also
Scripture-Words
;
For
that
the
Beleefe
,
that
Religious
Texts
,
and
Words
,
haue
Power
,
may
strengthen
the
Imagination
:
And
for
the
same
Reason
,
Hebrew
Words
,
(
which
amongst
vs
is
counted
the
Holy
Tongue
,
and
the
Words
more
Mysticall
,
)
are
often
vsed
.
For
the
Refreshing
of
the
Imagination
,
(
which
was
the
Third
Meanes
of
Exalting
it
;
)
Wee
see
the
Practises
of
Magicke
,
as
in
Images
of
Wax
,
and
the
like
,
that
should
Melt
by
little
,
and
little
;
Or
some
other
Things
Buried
in
Mucke
,
that
should
Putrifie
by
little
and
little
;
Or
the
like
:
For
so
oft
as
the
Imaginant
doth
thinke
of
those
Things
,
so
oft
doth
he
represent
to
his
Imagination
,
the
Effect
of
that
he
desireth
.
If
there
be
any
Power
in
Imagination
,
it
is
lesse
credible
,
that
it
should
be
so
Incorporcall
and
Immateriate
a
Vertue
,
as
to
worke
at
great
Distances
;
Or
through
all
Mediums
Or
vpon
all
Bodies
:
But
that
the
Distance
must
be
Competent
;
The
Medium
not
Aduerse
;
And
the
Body
Apt
and
Proportionate
.
Therefore
if
there
be
any
Operation
vpon
Bodies
,
in
Absence
,
by
Nature
;
it
is
like
to
be
conueyed
from
Man
to
Man
,
as
Fame
is
;
As
if
a
Witch
,
by
Imagination
,
should
hurt
any
afarre
off
,
it
cannot
be
naturally
,
but
by
Working
vpon
the
Spirit
of
some
,
that
commeth
to
the
Witch
;
And
from
that
Party
vpon
the
Imagination
of
Another
;
And
so
vpon
Another
;
till
it
come
to
one
that
hath
resort
to
the
Party
Intended
;
And
so
by
Him
to
the
Party
intended
himselfe
.
And
although
they
speake
,
that
it
sufficeth
,
to
take
a
Point
,
or
a
Peece
of
the
Garment
,
or
the
Name
of
the
Party
,
or
the
like
;
yet
there
is
lesse
Credit
to
be
giuen
to
those
Things
,
except
it
be
by
Working
of
euill
Spirits
.
The
Experiments
,
which
may
certainly
demonstrate
the
Power
of
Imagination
,
vpon
other
Bodies
,
are
few
,
or
none
:
For
the
Experiments
of
Witchcraft
,
are
no
cleare
Proofes
;
For
that
they
may
be
,
by
a
Tacite
Operation
of
Maligne
Spirits
:
We
shall
therefore
be
forced
,
in
this
Enquire
,
to
resort
to
New
Experiments
:
Wherein
wee
can
giue
only
Directions
of
Trialls
,
and
not
any
Positiue
Experiments
.
And
if
any
Man
thinke
,
that
wee
ought
to
haue
staied
,
till
wee
had
made
Experiment
,
of
some
of
them
,
our selues
,
(
as
wee
doe
commonly
in
other
Titles
,
)
the
Truth
is
,
that
these
Effects
of
Imagination
vpon
other
Bodies
,
haue
so
little
Credit
with
vs
,
as
we
shall
trie
them
at
leisure
:
But
in
the
meane
Time
,
we
will
lead
others
the
way
.
When
you
worke
by
the
Imagination
of
Another
,
it
is
necessary
,
that
He
,
by
whom
you
worke
,
haue
a
Precedent
Opinion
of
you
,
that
you
can
doe
Strange
Things
;
Or
that
you
are
a
Man
of
Art
,
as
they
call
it
;
For
else
the
Simple
Affirmation
to
Another
,
that
this
or
that
shall
be
,
can
worke
but
a
weake
Impression
,
in
his
Imagination
.
It
were
good
,
because
you
cannot
discerne
fully
of
the
Strength
of
Imagination
,
in
one
Man
more
than
another
,
that
you
did
vse
the
Imagination
of
more
than
One
;
That
so
you
may
light
vpon
a
Strong
One.
As
if
a
Physitian
should
tell
Three
,
or
Foure
,
of
his
Patients
Seruants
,
that
their
Master
shall
surely
recouer
.
The
Imagination
of
One
,
that
you
shall
vse
,
(
such
is
the
Variety
of
Mens
Mindes
,
)
cannot
be
alwaies
alike
Constant
,
and
Strong
;
And
if
the
Successe
follow
not
speedily
,
it
will
faint
and
leese
Strength
.
To
remedy
this
,
you
must
pretend
to
Him
,
whose
Imagination
you
vse
,
seuerall
Degrees
of
Meanes
,
by
which
to
Operate
;
As
to
prescribe
him
,
that
euery
three
Dayes
,
if
he
finde
not
the
Successe
Apparent
,
he
doe
vse
another
Root
,
or
Part
of
a
Beast
,
or
Ring
,
&c.
As
being
of
more
Force
;
And
if
that
faile
,
Another
;
And
if
that
,
Another
;
till
Seuen
Times
.
Also
you
must
prescribe
a
good
Large
Time
for
the
Effect
you
promise
;
As
if
you
should
tell
a
Seruant
of
a
Sick-Man
,
that
his
Master
shall
recouer
,
but
it
will
be
Fourteene
daies
,
eare
he
findeth
it
apparently
,
&c.
All
this
to
entertaine
the
Imagination
,
that
it
wauer
lesse
.
It
is
certaine
,
that
Potions
,
or
Things
taken
into
the
Body
:
Incenses
and
Perfumes
taken
at
the
Nosthrills
;
And
Ointments
of
some
Parts
;
doe
(
naturally
)
worke
vpon
the
Imagination
of
Him
that
taketh
them
.
And
therefore
it
must
needs
greatly
Cooperate
with
the
Imagination
of
him
,
whom
you
vse
,
if
you
presribe
him
,
before
he
doe
vse
the
Receit
,
for
the
Worke
which
he
desireth
,
that
he
doe
take
such
a
Pill
,
or
a
Spoonefull
of
Liquour
,
Or
burne
such
an
Incense
;
Or
Annoint
his
Temples
,
or
the
Soles
of
his
Feet
,
with
such
an
Ointment
,
or
Oyle
:
And
you
must
chuse
,
for
the
Composition
of
such
Pill
,
Perfume
,
or
Ointment
,
such
Ingredients
,
as
doe
make
the
Spirits
,
a
little
more
Grosse
,
or
Muddy
:
Whereby
the
Imagination
will
fix
the
better
.
The
Body
Passiue
,
and
to
be
Wrought
Vpon
,
(
I
meane
not
of
the
Imaginant
,
)
is
better
wrought
vpon
,
(
as
hath
beene
partly
touched
,
)
at
some
Times
,
than
at
other
:
As
if
you
should
prescribe
a
Seruant
,
about
a
Sick
Person
,
(
whom
you
haue
possessed
,
that
his
Master
shall
recouer
,
)
when
his
Master
is
fast
asleepe
,
to
vse
such
a
Root
,
or
such
a
Root
.
For
Imagination
is
like
to
worke
better
vpon
Sleeping
Men
,
than
Men
Awake
,
As
wee
shall
shew
when
we
handle
Dreames
.
We
finde
in
the
Art
of
Memory
,
that
Images
Visible
,
worke
better
than
other
Conceits
:
As
if
you
would
remember
the
Word
Philosophy
,
you
shall
more
surely
doe
it
,
by
Imagining
that
such
a
Man
,
(
For
Men
are
best
Places
,
)
is
reading
vpon
Aristotles
Physickes
;
Than
if
you
should
Imagine
him
to
say
;
I
'le
goe
study
Philosophy
.
And
therefore
,
this
Obseruation
would
be
translated
to
the
Subiect
wee
now
speake
of
:
For
the
more
Lustrous
the
Imagination
is
,
it
filleth
and
fixeth
the
better
.
And
therefore
I
conceiue
,
that
you
shall
,
in
that
Experiment
,
(
whereof
wee
spake
before
,
)
of
Binding
of
Thoughts
,
lesse
faile
,
if
you
tell
One
,
that
such
an
One
shal
name
one
of
Twenty
Men
,
than
if
it
were
One
of
Twenty
Cards
.
The
Experiment
of
Binding
of
Thoughts
,
would
be
Diuersified
,
and
tried
to
the
Full
:
And
you
are
to
note
,
whether
it
hit
for
the
most
part
,
though
not
alwaies
.
It
is
good
to
consider
,
vpon
what
Things
,
Imagination
hath
most
Force
:
And
the
Rule
,
(
as
I
conceiue
,
)
is
,
that
it
hath
most
Force
vpon
Things
,
that
haue
the
Lightest
,
and
Easiest
Motions
.
And
therefore
aboue
all
,
vpon
the
Spirits
of
Men
:
And
in
them
,
vpon
such
Affections
,
as
moue
Lightest
;
As
vpon
Procuring
of
Loue
;
Binding
of
Lust
,
which
is
euer
with
Imagination
;
vpon
Men
in
Feare
;
Or
Men
in
Irresolution
;
And
the
like
.
Whatsoeuer
is
of
this
kinde
would
be
throughly
enquired
.
Trialls
likewise
would
be
made
vpon
Plants
.
and
that
diligently
:
As
if
you
should
tell
a
Man
,
that
such
a
Tree
would
Dye
this
yeare
;
And
will
him
,
at
these
and
these
times
,
to
goe
vnto
it
,
to
see
how
it
thriueth
.
As
for
In●●imate
Things
,
it
is
true
,
that
the
Mount
of
Shuffling
of
Cards
,
or
Casting
of
Dice
,
are
very
Light
Motions
;
And
there
is
a
Folly
very
vsuall
,
that
Gamesters
imagine
,
that
some
that
stand
by
them
,
bring
them
ill
Lucke
.
There
would
be
Triall
also
made
,
of
holding
a
Ring
by
a
Threed
in
a
Glasse
,
and
telling
him
that
holdeth
it
,
before
,
that
it
shall
strike
so
many
times
against
the
Side
of
the
Glasse
,
and
no
more
;
Or
of
Holding
a
Key
betweene
two
Mens
Fingers
,
without
a
Charme
;
And
to
tell
those
that
hold
it
,
that
at
such
a
Name
,
it
shall
goe
off
their
Fingers
:
For
these
two
are
Extreme
Light
Motions
.
And
howsoeuer
I
haue
no
Opinion
of
these
things
,
yet
so
much
I
conceiue
to
be
true
;
That
Strong
Imagination
hath
more
Force
vpon
Things
Liuing
,
Or
that
haue
,
been
Liuing
,
than
Things
meerely
Inauimate
;
And
more
Force
likewise
vpon
Light
,
and
Subtill
Motions
,
than
vpon
Motions
Vehement
,
or
P●nderous
.
It
is
an
vsuall
Obseruation
,
that
if
the
Body
of
One
Murthered
,
be
brought
before
the
Murtherer
,
the
Wounds
will
bleed
a-fresh
,
Some
doe
affirme
,
that
the
Dead
Body
,
vpon
the
Presence
of
the
Murtherer
,
hath
opened
the
Eyes
;
And
that
there
haue
beene
such
like
Motions
,
as
well
where
the
Party
Murthered
hath
beene
Strengled
,
or
Drew●ed
,
as
where
they
haue
beene
Killed
by
Wounds
,
It
may
be
,
that
this
participateth
of
a
Miracle
,
by
Gods
Iust
Iudgement
,
who
vsually
bringeth
Murthers
to
Lights
But
if
it
be
Naturall
,
it
must
be
referred
to
Imagination
.
The
Tying
of
the
Point
vpon
the
day
of
Mariage
,
to
make
Men
Impotent
towards
their
Wiues
,
which
(
as
we
haue
formerly
touched
,
)
is
so
frequent
in
Zant
,
and
Gascony
,
if
it
be
Naturall
,
must
be
referred
to
the
Imagination
of
Him
that
Tieth
the
Point
.
I
conceiue
it
to
haue
the
lesse
Affinity
with
Witchcraft
,
because
not
Peculiar
Persons
onely
,
(
such
as
Witches
are
,
)
but
any
Body
may
doe
it
.
There
be
many
Things
that
worke
vpon
the
Spirits
of
Man
,
by
Secret
Sympathy
,
and
Antipathy
;
The
Vertues
of
Pretious
Stones
worne
,
haue
beene
anciently
and
generally
Receiued
:
And
curiously
assigned
to
Worke
seuerall
Effects
.
Experiments
in
Consort
,
touching
the
Secret
Vertue
of
Sympathy
,
and
Antipathy
So
much
is
true
;
That
Stones
haue
in
them
fine
Spirits
;
As
appeareth
by
their
Splendour
:
And
therefore
they
may
worke
by
Consort
vpon
the
Spirits
of
Men
,
to
Comfort
,
and
Exhilarate
them
.
Those
that
are
the
best
,
for
that
Effect
,
are
the
Diamond
.
the
Emerald
,
the
Iacinth
Orientall
,
and
the
Gold-Stone
,
which
is
the
Yellow
Topaze
.
As
for
their
particular
Proprieties
,
there
is
no
Credit
to
be
giuen
to
them
.
But
it
is
manifest
,
that
Light
,
aboue
all
things
,
excelleth
in
Comforting
the
Spirits
of
Men
:
And
it
is
very
probable
,
that
Light
Varied
doth
the
same
Effect
,
with
more
Nouelty
.
And
this
is
one
of
the
Causes
,
why
Pretious
Stones
comfort
.
And
therefore
it
were
good
to
haue
Tincted
Lanthornes
.
or
Tincted
Skreenes
,
of
Glasse
Coloured
into
Greene
,
Blew
,
Carnation
,
Crimson
,
Purple
,
&c.
And
to
vse
them
with
Candles
in
the
Night
.
So
likewise
to
haue
Round
Glasses
,
not
onely
of
Glasse
Coloured
thorow
,
but
with
Colours
laid
betweene
Crystals
,
with
Handles
to
hold
in
ones
Hand
.
Prismes
are
also
Comfortable
Things
.
They
haue
of
Paris-Worke
,
Looking-Glasses
,
bordered
with
broad
Borders
of
small
Crystall
,
and
great
Counterfete
Pretious
Stones
,
of
all
Colours
,
that
are
most
Glorious
and
Pleasant
to
behold
;
Especially
in
the
Night
.
The
Pictures
of
Indian
Feathers
,
are
likewise
Comfortable
,
and
Pleasant
to
behold
.
So
also
Faire
and
Cleare
Pooles
doe
greatly
comfort
the
Eyes
,
and
Spirits
;
Especially
when
the
Sunne
is
not
Glaring
,
but
Ouercast
;
Or
when
the
Moone
shineth
.
There
be
diuers
Sorts
of
Bracelets
fit
to
Comfort
the
Spirits
;
And
they
be
of
Three
Intentions
:
Refrigerant
;
Corroborant
;
and
Aperient
.
For
Refrigerant
,
I
wish
them
to
be
of
Pearle
,
or
of
Corall
,
as
is
vsed
:
And
it
hath
beene
noted
that
Corall
,
if
the
Party
that
weareth
it
be
ill
disposed
,
will
wax
Pale
:
Which
I
beleeue
to
be
true
,
because
otherwise
Distemper
of
Heat
will
make
Corall
lose
Colour
.
I
Commend
also
Beads
,
or
little
Plates
of
Lapis
Lazuli
;
And
Beads
of
Nitre
,
either
alone
,
or
with
some
Cordiall
Mixture
.
For
Corroboration
and
Confortation
,
take
such
Bodies
as
are
of
Astringent
Quality
,
without
Manifest
Cold.
I
commend
Bead-Amber
;
which
is
full
of
Astriction
,
but
yet
is
Vnctuous
,
and
not
Cold
;
And
is
conceiued
to
Impinguate
those
that
weare
such
Beads
:
I
commend
also
,
Beads
of
Harts-Horne
,
and
Iuory
,
which
are
of
the
like
Nature
;
Also
Orenge-Beads
;
Also
Beads
of
Lignum
Aloës
,
Macerated
first
in
Rose-Water
,
and
Dryed
.
For
Opening
,
I
Commend
Beads
,
or
Peeces
of
the
Roots
of
Cardius
Benedictus
:
Also
of
the
Roots
of
Piony
the
Male
;
And
of
Orris
;
And
of
Calamus
Aromaticus
;
And
of
Rew.
The
Crampe
,
(
no
doubt
,
)
commeth
of
Contraction
of
Sinnewes
;
Which
is
Manifest
,
in
that
it
commeth
either
by
Cold
,
or
Drinesse
;
As
after
Consumptions
,
and
Long
Agues
:
For
Cold
and
Drinesse
doe
(
both
of
them
)
Contract
,
and
Corrugate
.
We
see
also
,
that
Chasing
a
little
aboue
the
Place
in
paine
,
easeth
the
Crampe
;
Which
is
wrought
by
the
Dilatation
,
of
the
Contracted
Sinnewes
,
by
Heat
.
There
are
in
vse
,
for
the
Preuention
of
the
Crampe
,
two
Things
;
The
one
Rings
of
Sea
Horse
Teeth
,
worne
vpon
the
Fingers
;
The
other
Bands
of
Greene
Periwinckle
,
(
the
Herbe
,
)
tied
about
the
Calfe
of
the
Leg
,
or
the
Thigh
,
&c.
where
the
Crampe
vseth
to
come
.
I
doe
finde
this
the
more
strange
,
because
Neither
of
these
haue
any
Relaxing
Vertue
,
but
rather
the
Contrary
.
I
iudge
therefore
,
that
their
Working
,
is
rather
vpon
the
Spirits
,
within
the
Nerues
,
to
make
them
striue
lesse
;
Than
vpon
the
Bodily
Substance
of
the
Nerues
.
I
would
haue
Triall
made
of
two
other
Kindes
of
Bracelets
,
for
Comforting
the
Heart
,
and
Spirits
;
The
one
of
the
Trechisch
of
Vipers
,
made
into
little
Peeces
of
Beads
;
For
since
they
doe
great
Good
Inwards
,
(
especially
for
Pestilent
Agues
,
it
is
like
they
will
be
Effectuall
Outwards
;
Where
they
may
be
applied
in
greater
Quantity
.
There
would
be
Trochish
likewise
made
of
Snakes
;
Whose
Flesh
dried
,
is
thought
to
haue
a
very
Opening
,
and
Cordiall
Vertue
.
The
other
is
,
of
Beads
made
of
the
Scarlet
Powder
,
which
they
call
Kermes
;
Which
is
the
Principall
Ingredient
in
their
Cordiall
Confection
Alkermes
:
The
Beads
would
be
made
vp
with
AmberGrice
,
and
some
Pomander
.
It
hath
beene
long
receiued
,
and
confirmed
by
diuers
Trialls
;
That
the
Root
of
the
Male-Piony
,
dried
,
tied
to
the
Necke
,
doth
helpe
the
Falling-Sicknesse
;
And
likewise
the
Incubus
,
which
wee
call
the
Mare
.
The
Cause
of
both
these
Diseases
,
and
especially
of
the
Epilepsie
from
the
Stomach
,
is
the
Grossenesse
of
the
Vapours
,
which
rise
and
enter
into
the
Cells
of
the
Braine
:
And
therfore
the
Working
is
,
by
Extreme
,
and
Subtill
Attenuations
;
Which
that
Simple
hath
.
I
iudge
the
like
to
be
in
Castoreum
,
Muske
,
Rew-Seed
,
Agnus
Castus
Seed
,
&c.
There
is
a
Stone
,
which
they
call
the
Bloud-Stone
,
which
worne
is
thought
to
be
good
for
them
that
Bleed
at
the
Nose
:
Which
(
no
doubt
)
is
by
Astriction
,
and
Cooling
of
the
Spirits
.
Quare
,
if
the
Stone
taken
out
of
the
Toads
Head
,
be
not
of
the
like
Vertue
?
For
the
Toade
loueth
Shade
,
and
Coolenesse
.
Light
may
be
taken
from
the
Experiment
of
the
Horse-Tooth-Ring
,
and
the
Garland
of
Periwinckle
,
how
that
those
things
,
which
asswage
the
Strife
of
the
Spirits
,
doe
helpe
diseases
,
contrary
to
the
Intention
desired
:
For
in
the
Curing
of
the
Crampe
,
the
Intention
is
to
relax
the
Sinnewes
;
But
the
Contraction
of
the
Spirits
,
that
they
striue
lesse
,
is
the
best
Helpe
:
So
to
procure
easie
Tranailes
of
Women
,
the
Intention
is
to
bring
downe
the
Childe
;
But
the
best
Helpe
is
,
to
stay
the
Comming
downe
too
Fast
:
Whereunto
they
say
,
the
Toad-Stone
likewise
helpeth
.
So
in
Pestilent
Feaners
,
the
Intention
is
to
expell
the
Intection
by
Sweat
,
and
Enapouration
;
But
the
best
Meanes
to
doe
it
,
is
by
Nitre
,
Diascordium
,
and
other
Coole
Things
,
which
doe
for
a
time
arrest
the
Expulsion
,
till
Nature
can
doe
it
more
quietly
.
For
as
one
faith
prettily
;
In
the
Quenching
of
the
Flame
of
a
Pestilent
Ague
,
Nature
is
like
People
,
that
come
to
quench
the
Fire
of
a
House
;
which
are
so
busie
,
as
one
of
them
letteth
another
.
Surely
,
it
is
an
Excellent
Axiome
,
and
of
Manifold
Vse
,
that
whasoeuer
appeaseth
the
Contention
of
the
Spirits
,
furthereth
their
Action
.
The
Writers
of
Naturall
Magick
,
commend
the
Wearing
of
the
Spoile
of
a
Snake
,
for
Preseruing
of
Health
;
I
doubt
it
is
but
a
Conceit
;
For
that
the
Snake
is
thought
to
renue
her
Touth
,
by
Casting
her
Spoile
.
They
might
as
well
take
the
Beake
of
an
Eagle
,
or
a
Peece
of
a
Harts-Horne
,
because
those
Renue
.
It
hath
beene
Anciently
Receiued
,
(
For
Pericles
the
Athenian
vsed
it
,
)
and
it
is
yet
in
vse
,
to
weare
little
Bladders
of
Quick-Siluer
,
or
Tablets
of
Arsenicke
,
as
Preseruatines
against
the
Plague
:
Not
as
they
conceiue
,
for
any
Comfort
they
yeeld
to
the
Spirits
,
but
for
that
being
Poysons
themselues
,
they
draw
the
Venome
to
them
,
from
the
Spirits
.
Vide
the
Experiments
95.96
.
and
97.
touching
the
Seuerall
Sympathies
,
and
Antipathies
,
for
Medicinall
Vse
.
It
is
said
,
that
the
Guts
or
Skin
of
a
Wolfe
being
applyed
to
the
Belly
,
doe
cure
the
Cholicke
.
It
is
true
,
that
the
Wolfe
is
a
Beast
of
great
Edacity
,
and
Disgestion
;
And
so
,
it
may
be
,
the
Parts
of
him
comfort
the
Bowels
.
We
see
Scare-Crowes
,
are
set
vp
to
keep
Birds
from
Corne
,
and
Fruit
;
It
is
reported
by
some
,
that
the
Head
of
a
Wolfe
,
whole
,
dried
,
and
hanged
vp
in
a
Done-House
,
will
scare
away
Vermine
;
Such
as
are
Weasils
,
Polcats
,
and
the
like
.
It
may
be
,
the
Head
of
a
Dog
will
doe
as
much
;
For
those
Vermine
with
vs
,
know
Dogs
better
than
Wolues
.
The
Braines
of
some
Creatures
,
(
when
their
Heads
are
roasted
)
taken
in
Wine
,
are
said
to
strengthen
the
Memory
:
As
the
Braines
of
Hares
;
Braines
of
Hens
;
Braines
of
Deeres
,
&c.
And
it
seemeth
,
to
be
incident
to
the
Braines
of
those
Creatures
,
that
are
Fearefull
.
The
Ointment
,
that
Witches
vse
,
is
reported
to
be
made
,
of
the
Fat
of
Children
,
digged
out
of
their
Granes
;
Of
the
Iuyees
of
Smallage
,
Wolfe-bane
,
and
Cinquefoile
;
Mingled
with
the
Meale
of
fine
Wheat
.
But
I
suppose
that
the
Soperiferous
Medicines
are
likest
to
doe
it
;
Which
are
Henbane
,
Hemlocke
,
Mandrake
,
Moone-Shade
,
Tabacco
,
Opium
,
Saffron
,
PoplarLeaues
,
&c.
It
is
reported
by
some
,
that
the
Affections
of
Beasts
,
when
they
are
in
Strength
,
doe
adde
some
Vertue
,
vnto
Inanimate
Things
;
As
that
the
Skin
of
a
Sheepe
,
deuoured
by
a
Wolfe
,
moueth
Itching
;
That
a
Stone
,
bitten
by
a
Dog
in
Anger
,
being
throwne
at
him
,
drunke
in
Powder
,
prouoketh
Choler
.
It
hath
beene
obserued
,
that
the
Diet
of
Women
with
Childe
,
doth
worke
much
vpon
the
Infant
;
As
if
the
Mother
eat
Quinces
much
,
and
Coriander-Seed
,
(
the
Nature
of
both
which
is
to
represse
and
stay
Vapours
,
that
ascend
to
the
Braine
,
)
it
will
make
the
Childe
Ingenious
:
And
on
the
contrary
side
,
if
the
Mother
eat
(
much
)
Onions
,
or
Beanes
,
or
such
Vapourous
Food
;
Or
drinke
Wine
,
or
Strong
Drinke
,
immoderately
;
Or
Fast
much
;
Or
be
giuen
to
much
Musing
;
(
All
which
send
,
or
draw
Vapours
to
the
Head
,
)
It
endangereth
the
Childe
to
become
Lunaticke
,
or
of
Ionperfect
Memory
:
And
I
make
the
same
Iudgement
of
Tobacco
,
often
taken
by
the
Mother
.
The
Writers
of
Naturall
Magicke
report
,
that
the
Heart
of
an
Ape
,
worne
neare
the
Heart
,
comforteth
the
Heart
,
and
increaseth
Audacity
.
It
is
true
,
that
the
Ape
is
a
Merry
and
Bold
Beast
.
And
that
the
same
Heart
likewise
of
an
Ape
,
applied
to
the
Necke
,
or
Head
,
helpeth
the
Wit
;
And
is
good
for
the
Falling-Sicknesse
:
The
Ape
also
is
a
Witty
Beast
,
and
hath
a
Dry
Braine
;
Which
may
be
some
Cause
of
Attenuation
of
Vapours
in
the
Head
.
Yet
it
is
said
to
moue
Dreames
also
.
It
may
be
,
the
Heart
of
a
Man
would
doe
more
,
but
that
is
more
against
Mens
Mindes
to
vse
it
;
Except
it
be
in
such
as
weare
the
Reliques
of
Saints
.
The
Flesh
of
a
Hedge-Hog
,
Dressed
,
&
Eaten
,
is
said
to
be
a
great
Drier
:
It
is
true
,
that
the
Iuyce
of
a
Hedge-Hog
,
must
needs
be
Harsh
,
and
Dry
,
because
it
putteth
forth
so
many
Prickles
:
For
Plants
also
,
that
are
full
of
Prickles
,
are
generally
Dry
:
As
Briars
,
Thornes
,
Berberries
:
And
therefore
the
Ashes
of
a
Hedge-Hog
are
said
to
be
a
great
Desiccatiue
of
Fistula's
.
Mummy
hath
great
force
in
Stanching
of
Bloud
;
which
,
as
it
may
be
ascribed
to
the
Mixture
of
Balmes
,
that
are
Glutinous
;
So
it
may
also
partake
of
a
Secret
Propriety
;
In
that
the
Bloud
draweth
Mans
Flesh.
And
it
is
approued
,
that
the
Mosse
,
which
groweth
vpon
the
Skull
of
a
Dead
Men
,
vnburied
,
will
stanch
Bloud
potently
.
And
so
doe
the
Dregs
,
or
Powder
of
Bloud
,
seuered
from
the
Water
,
and
Dried
.
It
hath
beene
practised
,
to
make
White
Swallowes
,
by
Annointing
of
the
Egs
with
Oyle
.
Which
Effect
may
be
produced
,
by
the
Stopping
of
the
Pores
of
the
Shell
,
and
making
the
Iuyce
,
that
putteth
forth
the
Feathers
afterwards
,
more
Penurious
.
And
it
may
be
,
the
Annointing
of
the
Egs
,
will
be
as
Effectuall
,
as
the
Annointing
of
the
Body
;
Of
which
Vide
the
Experiment
93.
It
is
reported
,
that
the
White
of
an
Egge
,
or
Bloud
,
mingled
with
Salt-Water
,
doth
gather
the
Saltnesse
,
and
maketh
the
Water
sweeter
.
This
may
be
by
Adhesion
;
As
in
the
6.
Experiment
of
Clarification
:
It
may
be
also
,
that
Bloud
,
and
the
White
of
an
Egge
,
(
which
is
the
Malter
of
a
Liuing
Creature
,
)
haue
some
Sympathy
with
Salt
:
For
all
Life
hath
a
Sympathy
with
Salt
.
We
see
that
Salt
,
laid
to
a
Cut
Finger
,
healeth
it
;
So
as
it
seemeth
Salt
draweth
Bloud
,
as
well
as
Bloud
draweth
Salt
.
It
hath
beene
anciently
receiued
,
that
the
Sea-Hare
,
hath
an
Antipathy
with
the
Lungs
,
(
if
it
commeth
neare
the
Body
,
)
and
erodeth
them
.
Where
of
the
Cause
is
conceiued
to
be
,
a
Quality
it
hath
of
Heating
the
Brath
,
and
Spirits
;
As
Cantharides
haue
vpon
the
Watery
Parts
of
the
Body
;
As
●ine
and
Hydro●icall
Water
.
And
it
is
a
good
Rule
,
that
whatsoeuer
hath
an
Operation
vpon
certaine
Kindes
of
Matters
,
that
,
in
Mars
Body
;
worketh
most
vpon
those
Parts
,
wherein
that
kinde
of
Matter
●●●
.
Generally
,
that
which
is
Dead
,
or
Corrapted
,
or
Excerned
,
hath
Antipathy
with
the
same
Thing
,
when
it
is
Aliue
,
and
when
it
is
Sound
;
And
with
those
Parts
which
doe
Excerne
:
As
a
Carkasse
of
Man
is
most
Infectious
,
and
Odious
to
Man
;
A
Carrion
of
an
Horse
to
an
Horse
,
&c.
Puro●●
Matter
of
Wounds
,
and
Vlcers
,
Car●●ctes
,
Pockes
,
Scabs
,
Leprousie
,
to
Sound
Flesh
;
And
the
Excrement
of
euery
Species
to
that
Creature
that
Externeth
them
.
But
the
Excrements
are
lesse
Per●icious
than
the
Corruptions
.
It
is
a
Common
Experience
,
that
Dog
know
the
Dog-Killer
;
When
as
in
times
of
Infection
.
some
Petty
F●●●●●●
is
sent
out
to
kill
the
Dogges
;
And
that
,
though
they
haue
neuer
seene
him
before
;
yet
they
will
all
come
forth
,
and
barke
,
and
fly
at
him
.
The
Relutions
touching
the
Force
of
●●●
,
and
the
Secret
●●●
of
Nature
are
so
vncertaine
,
as
they
require
a
great
deale
of
Examination
,
ere
●●●
conclude
vpon
them
.
I
would
haue
it
first
throughly
inquired
,
whether
there
be
any
Secret
Passages
of
Sympathy
,
betweene
Persons
of
neare
Bloud
;
As
Parents
,
Children
,
Brothers
,
Sisters
,
Nurse-Children
,
Husbands
,
Wiues
,
&c.
There
be
many
Reports
in
Historie
,
that
vpon
the
Death
of
Persons
of
such
Nearenesse
,
Men
haue
had
an
inward
Feeling
of
it
.
I
my Selfe
remember
,
that
being
in
Paris
,
and
my
Father
dying
in
London
,
two
or
three
dayes
before
my
Fathers
death
,
I
had
a
Dreame
,
which
I
told
to
diuers
English
Gentlemen
;
That
my
Fathers
House
,
in
the
Countrey
,
was
Plastered
all
ouer
with
Blacke
Mortar
.
There
is
an
Opinion
abroad
,
(
whether
Idle
or
no
I
cannot
say
,
)
That
louing
and
kinde
Husbands
,
haue
a
Sense
of
their
Wiues
Breeding
Childe
,
by
some
Accident
in
their
owne
Body
.
Next
to
those
that
are
Neare
in
Bloud
,
there
may
be
the
like
Passage
,
and
Instincts
of
Nature
,
betweene
great
Friends
,
and
Enemies
:
And
sometimes
the
Reucaling
is
vnto
Another
Person
,
and
not
to
the
Party
Himselfe
.
I
remember
Philippus
Commineus
,
(
a
graue
Writer
,
)
reporteth
;
That
the
Arch-Bishop
of
Vienna
,
(
a
Reuerend
l'relate
,
)
said
(
one
day
)
after
Masse
,
to
King
Lewis
the
eleuenth
of
France
;
Sir
,
your
Mortall
Enemie
is
dead
;
What
time
Duke
Charles
of
Burgundie
was
Slaine
,
at
the
Battell
of
Granson
,
against
the
Switzers
.
Some
triall
also
would
be
made
,
whether
Pact
or
Agreement
doe
any
thing
;
As
if
two
Friends
should
agree
,
that
such
a
Day
in
euery
Weeke
,
they
being
in
farre
Distant
Places
,
should
Pray
one
for
Another
;
Or
should
put
on
a
Ring
,
or
Tablet
,
one
for
anothers
Sake
;
Whether
if
one
of
them
should
breake
their
Vow
and
Promise
,
the
other
should
haue
any
Feeling
of
it
,
in
Absence
.
If
there
be
any
Force
in
Imaginations
and
Affections
of
Singular
Persons
;
It
is
Probable
the
Force
is
much
more
in
the
Ioynt
Imaginations
and
Affections
of
Multitudes
:
As
if
a
Victorie
should
be
won
,
or
lost
,
in
Remote
Parts
,
whether
is
there
not
some
Sense
thereof
,
in
the
People
whom
it
concerneth
;
Because
of
the
great
Ioy
,
or
Griefe
,
that
many
Men
are
prossest
with
,
at
once
?
Pius
Quintus
,
at
the
very
time
,
when
that
Memorable
Victorie
was
won
,
by
the
Christians
,
against
the
Turks
,
at
the
Nauall
Battell
of
Lepanto
,
being
then
hearing
of
Causes
in
Consistorie
,
brake
off
suddenly
,
and
said
to
those
about
him
;
It
is
now
more
time
,
we
should
giue
thanks
to
God
,
for
the
great
Victorie
he
hath
granted
vs
,
against
the
Turks
.
It
is
true
,
that
Victorie
had
a
Sympathie
with
his
Spirit
;
For
it
was
meerely
his
Worke
,
to
conclude
that
League
.
It
may
be
,
that
Reuelation
was
Diuine
;
But
what
shall
wee
say
then
,
to
a
Number
of
Examples
,
amongst
the
Grecians
,
and
Romans
?
Where
the
People
,
being
in
Theaters
at
Playes
,
haue
had
Newes
of
Victories
,
and
Ouerthrowes
,
some
few
dayes
,
before
any
Messenger
could
come
.
It
is
true
,
that
that
may
hold
in
these
Things
,
which
is
the
generall
Root
of
Superstition
;
Namely
,
that
Men
obserue
when
Things
Hit
,
and
not
when
they
Misse
:
And
commit
to
Memory
the
one
,
And
forget
and
passe
ouer
the
other
.
But
touching
Diuination
,
and
the
Misgiuing
of
Mindes
,
wee
shall
speake
more
,
when
wee
handle
in
generall
,
the
Nature
of
Mindes
,
and
Soules
,
and
Spirits
.
Wee
haue
giuen
formerly
some
Rules
of
Imgination
;
And
touching
the
Fortifying
of
the
Same
.
Wee
haue
set
downe
also
some
few
Instances
,
and
Directions
,
of
the
Force
of
Imagination
,
vpon
Beasts
,
Birds
,
&c.
vpon
Plants
;
And
vpon
Inanimate
Bodies
:
Wherein
you
must
still
obserue
,
that
your
Trialls
be
vpon
Subtill
and
Light
Motions
,
and
not
the
contrary
;
For
you
will
sooner
,
by
Imagination
,
binde
a
Bird
from
Singing
,
than
from
Eating
,
or
Flying
:
And
I
leaue
it
to
euery
Man
,
to
choose
Experiments
,
which
himself
thinketh
most
Commodious
;
Giuing
now
but
a
few
Examples
of
euery
of
the
Three
Kindes
.
Vse
some
Imaginant
,
(
obseruing
the
Rules
formerly
prescribed
,
)
for
Binding
of
a
Bird
from
Singing
;
And
the
like
of
a
Dogge
from
Barking
.
Trie
also
the
Imagination
of
some
,
whom
you
shall
accommodate
with
things
to
fortifie
it
,
in
Cocke-Fights
,
to
make
one
Cocke
more
Hardy
,
and
the
other
more
Cowardly
.
It
would
be
tried
also
,
in
Flying
of
Hawkes
;
Or
in
Coursing
of
a
Deere
,
or
Hare
,
with
Grey-hounds
;
Or
in
Horse-Races
;
And
the
like
Comparatiue
Motions
:
For
you
may
sooner
by
Imagination
,
quicken
or
slacke
a
Motion
,
than
raise
or
cease
it
;
As
it
is
easier
to
make
a
Dogge
goe
slower
,
than
to
make
him
stand
still
that
he
may
not
run
.
In
Plants
also
,
you
may
trie
the
Force
of
Imagination
,
vpon
the
Lighter
Sort
of
Motions
:
As
vpon
the
Sudden
Fading
,
or
Liuely
Comming
vp
of
Herbs
;
Or
vpon
their
Bending
one
way
,
or
other
;
Or
vpon
their
Closing
,
and
Opening
;
&c.
For
Inanimate
Things
,
you
may
trie
the
Force
of
Imagination
,
vpon
Staying
the
Working
of
Beere
,
when
the
Barme
is
put
in
;
Or
vpon
the
Comming
of
Butter
,
or
Cheese
,
after
the
Cherming
,
or
the
Rennet
bee
put
in
.
It
is
an
Ancient
Tradition
,
euery
where
alleaged
,
for
Example
of
Secret
Proprieties
and
Influxes
,
that
the
Torpede
Marina
,
if
it
be
touched
with
a
long
Stick
,
doth
stupefie
the
Hand
of
him
that
toucheth
it
.
It
is
one
degree
of
Working
at
Distance
,
to
worke
by
the
Continuance
of
a
Fit
Medium
;
As
Sound
will
be
conueyed
to
the
Eare
,
by
striking
vpon
a
Bow-String
,
if
the
Horne
of
the
Bow
be
held
to
the
Eare.
The
Writers
of
Naturall
Magicke
,
doe
attribute
much
to
the
Vertues
,
that
come
from
the
Parts
of
Liuing
Creatures
;
So
as
they
be
taken
from
them
,
the
Creatures
remaining
still
aliue
:
As
if
the
Creature
still
liuing
did
infuse
some
Immateriate
Vertue
,
and
Vigour
,
into
the
Part
Seuered
.
So
much
may
be
true
;
that
any
Part
,
taken
from
a
Liuing
Creature
,
newly
Slaine
,
may
be
of
greater
force
,
than
if
it
were
taken
from
the
like
Creature
dying
of
it
Selfe
,
because
it
is
fuller
of
Spirit
.
Triall
would
be
made
,
of
the
like
Parts
of
Indiuidualls
,
in
Plants
,
and
Liuing
Creatures
;
As
to
cut
off
a
Stocke
of
a
tree
;
And
to
lay
that
,
whith
you
cut
off
,
to
Putrifie
,
to
see
whether
it
will
Decay
the
Rest
of
the
Stocke
:
Or
if
you
should
cut
off
part
off
the
Taile
,
or
Legge
of
a
Dogge
,
or
a
Cat
,
and
lay
it
to
Putrifie
,
and
so
see
whether
it
will
Fester
,
or
keepe
from
Healing
,
the
Part
which
remaineth
.
It
is
receiued
,
that
it
helpeth
to
Continue
Loue
,
if
one
weare
a
Ring
,
or
a
Bracelet
,
of
the
Haire
of
the
Party
Beloued
.
But
that
may
be
by
the
Exciting
of
the
Imagination
:
And
perhaps
a
Gloue
,
or
other
like
Fauour
,
may
as
well
doe
it
.
The
Sympathie
of
Indiuiduals
,
that
haue
beene
Entire
,
or
haue
Touched
,
is
of
all
others
the
most
Incredible
:
Yet
according
vnto
our
faithfull
Manner
of
Examination
of
Nature
,
wee
will
make
some
little
mention
of
it
.
The
Taking
away
of
Warts
,
by
Rubbing
them
with
Somewhat
that
afterwards
is
put
to
waste
,
and
consume
,
is
a
Common
Experiment
:
And
I
doe
apprehend
it
the
rather
,
because
of
mine
owne
Experience
.
I
had
,
from
my
Childhood
,
a
Warts
,
vpon
one
of
my
Fingers
:
Afterwards
when
I
was
about
Sixteene
Yeeres
old
,
being
then
at
Paris
,
there
grew
vpon
both
my
Hands
a
Number
of
Warts
,
(
at
the
least
an
hundred
,
)
in
a
Moneths
Space
.
The
English
Embassadours
Lady
,
who
was
a
Woman
farre
from
Superstition
,
told
me
,
one
day
;
She
would
helpe
me
away
with
my
Warts
:
Whereupon
she
got
a
Peece
of
Lard
,
with
the
Skin
on
,
and
rubbed
the
Warts
all
ouer
,
with
the
Fat
Side
;
And
amongst
the
rest
that
Wart
,
which
I
had
had
from
my
Childhood
;
Then
she
uailed
the
Peece
of
Lord
,
with
the
Fat
towards
the
Sunne
,
vpon
a
Poast
of
her
Chamber
Window
,
which
was
to
the
South
,
The
Successe
was
,
that
within
fiue
weekes
space
,
all
the
Warts
went
quite
away
:
And
that
Wart
,
which
I
had
so
long
endured
,
for
Company
.
But
at
the
rest
I
did
little
maruell
,
because
they
came
in
a
Short
time
,
and
might
goe
away
in
a
Short
Time
againe
:
But
the
Going
away
of
that
,
which
had
staid
so
long
,
doth
yet
sticke
with
mee
.
They
say
the
like
is
done
,
by
the
Rubbing
of
Warts
with
a
Greene
Elder
Sticke
,
and
then
Burying
the
Sticke
to
Rot
in
Mucke
.
It
would
be
tried
,
with
Cornes
,
and
Wenns
,
and
such
other
Excrescences
.
I
would
haue
it
also
tried
,
with
some
Parts
of
Liuing
Creatures
,
that
are
nearest
the
Nature
of
Excrescences
;
As
the
Combes
of
Cocks
,
the
Spurres
of
Cocks
,
the
Hornes
of
Beasts
,
&c.
And
I
would
haue
it
tried
both
wnyes
;
Both
by
Rubbing
those
Parts
with
Lord
,
or
Elder
,
as
before
;
And
by
Cutting
off
some
Peece
of
those
Parts
,
and
laying
it
to
Consume
;
To
see
whether
it
will
Worke
any
Effect
,
towards
the
Consumption
of
that
Part
,
which
was
once
Ioyned
with
it
.
It
is
constantly
Receiued
,
and
touched
,
that
the
Anointing
of
the
Weapon
,
than
maketh
the
Wound
,
will
heale
the
Wound
it selfe
.
In
this
Experiment
,
vpon
the
Relation
of
Men
of
Credit
,
(
though
my selfe
,
as
yet
,
am
not
fully
inclined
to
beleoue
it
,
)
you
shall
note
the
Points
following
.
First
the
Ointment
,
wherewith
this
is
done
,
is
made
of
Diuers
Ingredients
;
whereof
the
Strangest
and
Hardest
to
come
by
,
are
the
Mosse
vpon
the
Skull
of
a
dead
Men
,
Vnburied
;
And
the
Fats
of
a
Beare
,
and
a
Beare
,
killed
in
the
Act
of
Generation
.
These
two
last
I
could
easily
suspect
to
be
prescribed
at
a
Starting
Hole
;
That
if
the
Experiment
proued
not
,
it
mouight
be
pretended
,
that
the
Beasts
were
not
killed
in
the
due
Time
;
For
as
for
the
Mosse
,
it
is
certaine
,
there
is
great
Quantitie
of
it
in
Ireland
,
vpon
Slaine
Bodies
,
laid
on
Heaps
,
Vnburied
.
The
other
Ingredients
are
,
the
Bloud-Stone
in
Powder
,
and
some
other
Things
,
which
seeme
to
haue
a
Vertue
to
Stanch
Bloud
;
As
also
the
Mosse
hath
.
And
the
Description
of
the
Whole
Ointment
is
to
be
found
in
the
Chymicall
Dispensatorie
of
Crollius
.
Secondly
,
the
same
Kinde
of
Ointment
,
applied
to
the
Hurt
it selfe
,
worketh
not
the
Effect
;
but
only
applied
to
the
Weapon
.
Thirdly
,
(
which
I
like
well
)
they
doe
not
obserue
the
Confecting
of
the
Ointment
,
vnder
any
certaine
Constellation
;
which
commonly
is
the
Excuse
of
Magicall
Medicines
,
when
they
faile
,
that
they
were
not
made
vnder
a
fit
Figure
of
Heauen
.
Fourthly
,
it
may
be
applied
to
the
Weapon
,
though
the
Party
Hurt
be
at
great
Distance
.
Fifthly
,
it
seemeth
the
Imagination
of
the
Party
,
to
be
Cured
,
is
not
needfull
to
Concurre
;
For
it
may
be
done
,
without
the
Knowledge
,
of
the
Party
Wounded
;
And
thus
much
hath
beene
tried
,
that
the
Ointment
(
for
Experiments
sake
,
)
hath
beene
wiped
off
the
Weapon
,
without
the
knowledge
of
the
Party
Hurt
,
and
presently
the
Party
Hurt
,
hath
beene
in
great
Rage
of
Paine
,
till
the
Weapon
was
Reannointed
.
Sixthly
,
it
is
affirmed
,
that
if
you
cannot
get
the
Weapon
,
yet
if
you
put
an
Instrument
of
Iron
,
or
Wood
,
resembling
the
Weapon
,
into
the
Wound
,
whereby
it
bleedeth
,
the
Annointing
of
that
Instrument
will
serue
,
and
worke
the
Effect
.
This
I
doubt
should
be
a
Deuice
,
to
keepe
this
strange
Forms
of
Cure
,
in
Request
,
and
Vse
;
Because
many
times
you
cannot
come
by
the
Weapon
it selfe
.
Seuenthly
,
the
Wound
must
be
at
first
Washed
cleans
,
with
White
Wine
,
or
the
Parties
owne
Water
;
And
then
bound
vp
close
in
Fine
Linnen
,
and
no
more
Dressing
renewed
,
till
it
be
whole
.
Eighthly
,
the
Sword
it selfe
must
be
Wrapped
vp
Close
,
as
farre
as
the
Ointment
goeth
,
that
it
taketh
no
Wind.
Ninthly
,
the
Ointment
,
if
you
wipe
it
off
from
the
Sword
,
and
keepe
it
,
will
Serue
againe
;
and
rather
Increase
in
Vertue
,
than
Diminish
.
Tenthly
,
it
will
Cure
in
farre
Shorter
Time
,
than
Ointments
of
Wounds
commonly
doe
.
Lastly
,
it
will
Cure
a
Beast
,
as
well
as
a
Man
;
which
I
like
best
of
all
the
rest
,
because
it
subiecteth
the
Matter
,
to
an
Easie
Triall
.
I
would
haue
Men
know
,
that
though
I
reprehend
,
the
Easie
Passing
ouer
,
of
the
Causes
of
Things
,
by
Ascribing
them
to
Secret
and
Hidden
Vertues
,
and
Proprieties
;
(
For
this
hath
arrested
,
and
laid
asleepe
,
all
true
Enquiry
,
and
Indications
;
)
yet
I
doe
not
vnderstand
,
but
that
in
the
Practicall
Part
of
Knowledge
,
much
will
be
left
to
Experience
,
and
Probation
,
whereunto
Indication
cannot
so
fully
reach
:
And
this
not
onely
in
Specie
,
but
in
Indiuiduo
.
Experiment
Solitary
touching
Secret
Proprieties
.
So
in
Physicke
,
if
you
will
cure
the
Iaundies
,
it
is
not
enough
to
say
,
that
the
Medicine
must
not
be
Cooling
;
For
that
will
hinder
the
Opening
which
the
Disease
requireth
:
That
it
must
not
be
Hot
;
For
that
will
exasperate
Choler
:
That
it
must
goe
to
the
Gall
;
For
there
is
the
Obstruction
which
causeth
the
Disease
,
&c.
But
you
must
receiue
from
Experience
,
that
Powder
of
Chamapytis
,
or
the
like
,
drunke
in
Beere
,
is
good
for
the
Iaundies
:
So
againe
,
a
wise
Physitian
doth
not
continue
still
the
same
Medicine
,
to
a
Patient
;
But
he
will
vary
,
if
the
first
Medicine
doth
not
apparently
succeed
;
For
of
those
Remedies
,
that
are
good
for
the
Iaundies
,
Stone
,
Agues
,
&c.
that
will
doe
good
in
one
Body
,
which
will
not
doe
good
in
Another
;
According
to
the
Correspondence
the
Medicine
hath
to
the
Indiuduall
Body
.
The
Delight
which
Men
haue
in
Popularity
,
Fame
,
Honour
,
Submission
,
and
Subiection
of
other
Mens
Mindes
,
Wills
,
or
Affections
,
(
although
these
Things
may
be
desired
for
other
Ends
,
)
seemeth
to
be
a
Thing
,
in
it selfe
,
without
Contemplation
of
Consequence
,
Gratefull
&
agreeable
to
the
Nature
of
Man
.
Experiment
Solitary
,
touching
the
Generall
Sympathy
of
Mens
Spirits
.
This
Thing
(
surely
)
is
not
without
some
Signification
,
as
if
all
Spirits
and
Soules
of
Men
,
came
forth
out
of
one
Diuine
Limbus
;
Else
why
should
Men
be
so
much
affected
with
that
,
which
others
thinke
,
or
say
?
The
best
Temper
of
Mindes
desireth
Good
Name
,
and
True
Honour
:
The
Lighter
,
Popularity
,
and
Applause
;
The
more
depraued
,
Subiection
,
and
Tyranny
;
As
is
seene
in
great
Conquerours
,
and
Troublers
of
the
World
:
And
yet
more
in
Arch-Heretickes
;
for
the
Introducing
of
new
Doctrines
,
is
likewise
an
Affectation
of
Tyranny
,
ouer
the
Vnderstandings
,
and
Beleefes
of
Men.
A
TABLE
OF
the
Experiments
.
Century
.
I.
OF
Strayning
or
Percolation
,
Outward
and
inward
;
Experiments
8.
-
page
1
Of
Motion
vpon
Pressure
.
Experiments
5.
-
page
3
Of
Separations
of
Bodies
Liquid
by
weight
.
Exper.
3.
-
pag.
4
Of
Infusions
,
in
Water
and
Aire
.
Exper.
7.
-
pag.
5
Of
the
Appetite
of
Continuation
in
Liquids
.
Exper.
1
-
pag.
6
Of
Artificiall
Springs
.
Exper.
1.
-
pag.
7
Of
the
Venemous
Quality
of
Mans
Siesh
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Turning
Aire
into
Water
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
8
Of
Helping
or
Altering
the
Shape
of
the
Body
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Condensing
of
Aire
,
to
yeeld
Weight
,
or
Nourishment
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
9
Of
Flame
and
Aire
Commixed
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
10
Of
the
Secret
Nature
of
Flame
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Flame
,
in
the
Midst
,
and
on
the
Sides
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
11
Of
Motion
of
Grauity
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Contraction
of
Bodies
in
Bulke
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
12
Of
making
Vines
more
fruitfull
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
the
Seuerall
Operations
of
Purging
Medicines
.
Exp.
9.
-
ibid.
Of
Meats
and
Drinkes
most
Nourishing
.
Exp.
15.
-
pag.
15
Of
Medicines
applied
in
Order
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
19
of
Cure
by
Custome
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
20
Of
Cure
by
Excesse
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Cure
by
Motion
of
Consent
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Cure
of
Diseases
contrary
to
Predisposuion
.
Exp.
1
-
pag.
21
Of
Preparation
before
and
after
Purging
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Stanching
Bloud
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
22
Of
Change
of
Aliments
and
Medicines
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Diets
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Production
of
Cold.
Exp.
7.
-
ibid.
Of
Turning
Aire
into
water
.
Exp.
7.
-
pag.
24
Of
Induration
of
Bodies
Exp.
8.
-
pag.
26
Of
Preying
of
Aire
vpon
Water
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
28
Of
the
Force
of
Vnion
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
29
Of
Making
Feathers
and
Haires
of
diuers
Colours
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Nourishment
of
young
Creatures
,
in
the
Egge
,
or
Wombe
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
30
Of
Sympathy
,
and
Antipathy
.
Exp.
3.
-
ibid.
Of
the
Spirits
,
or
Pneumaticalls
in
Bodies
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
31
Of
the
Power
of
Heat
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
32
Of
Impossibility
of
Annihilation
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
33
Century
.
II.
OF
Musicke
.
Exp.
14.
-
page
.
35
Of
the
Nullity
and
Entity
of
Sounds
.
Exp.
9.
-
page
.
39
Of
Production
,
Conseruation
,
and
Delation
of
Sounds
.
Exp.
14.
-
p.
41
Of
Magnitude
,
Exility
,
and
Damps
of
Sounds
.
Exp.
25
-
pag.
45
Of
Loudnesse
,
and
Softnesse
of
Sounds
.
Exp.
3.
-
pag.
49
Of
Communication
of
Sounds
.
Exp.
3.
-
ibid.
Of
Equality
and
Inequality
of
Sounds
.
Exp.
9.
-
pag.
50
Of
more
Treble
and
Base
Tones
.
Exp.
6.
-
pag.
52
Of
Proportion
of
Treble
and
Base
.
Exp.
4.
-
pag.
53
of
Exteriour
,
and
Interiour
Sounds
.
Exp.
4.
-
pag.
54
Of
Articulation
of
Sounds
.
Exp.
9.
-
ibid.
Century
.
III.
OF
the
Lines
in
which
Sounds
moue
.
Exp.
6.
-
pag.
57
Of
the
Lasting
or
Perishing
of
Sounds
.
Exp.
5.
-
pag.
58
Of
the
Passage
or
Interception
of
Sounds
.
Exp.
5.
-
pag.
59
Of
the
Medium
of
Sounds
.
Exp.
4.
-
pag.
60
Of
the
Figures
of
Bodies
yeelding
Sounds
.
Exp.
3.
-
pag.
61
.
Of
Mixture
of
Sounds
.
Exp.
5.
-
pag.
62
Of
Melioration
of
Sounds
.
Exp.
7
-
pag.
63
Of
Imitation
of
Sounds
.
Exp.
6
-
pag.
64
Of
Reflexion
of
Sounds
.
Exp.
13
-
pag.
65
Of
Consent
and
Dissent
betweene
Audibles
,
and
Visibles
.
Exp.
23
-
pg.
68
Of
Sympathie
and
Antipathie
of
Sounds
.
Exp.
5.
-
pag.
72
Of
Hindring
or
Helping
of
Hearing
.
Exp.
4.
-
pag.
73
Of
the
Spiritual
and
Fine
Nature
of
Sounds
.
Exp.
4.
-
ibid.
Of
Orient
Colours
in
Dissolutions
of
Metalls
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
74
Of
Prolongation
of
Life
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
75
Of
the
Appetite
of
Vnion
in
Bodies
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
the
like
Operations
of
Heat
and
Time
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
76
Of
the
Differing
Operations
of
Fire
and
Time
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Motions
by
Imitation
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Infectious
of
Diseases
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
the
Incorporation
of
Powders
and
Liquours
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
77
Of
Exercise
of
the
Body
;
And
the
Benefits
,
or
Euils
thereof
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Meats
soone
Glutting
,
or
No
Glutting
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Century
.
IV.
Of
Clarification
of
Liquours
,
and
the
Accelerating
thereof
.
Exp.
II.
-
pag.
81
Of
Maturation
,
and
the
Accelerating
thereof
;
And
of
the
Maturation
of
Drinks
,
and
Fruits
.
Exp.
15.
-
pag.
83
Of
Making
Gold
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
86
Of
the
Seuerall
Natures
of
Gold
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
88
Of
Inducing
and
Accelerating
Putrefaction
.
Exp.
12.
-
ibid.
Of
Prohibiting
and
Preuenting
Putrefaction
.
Exp.
11.
-
pag.
90
Of
Rotten
Wood
Shining
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
93
Of
Acceleration
of
Birth
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
94
Of
Acceleration
of
Growth
and
Stature
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Bodies
Sulphureous
and
Mercuriall
.
Exp.
5.
-
pag.
95
Of
the
Chameleon
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
96
Of
Subterrany
Fires
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
97
Of
Nitrous
Water
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Congealing
of
Aire
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Congealing
Water
into
Crystall
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Preseruing
the
Smell
,
and
Colour
,
in
Rose-Leaues
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
98
Of
the
Lasting
of
Flame
.
Exp.
10.
-
ibid.
Of
Infusions
or
Burialls
of
diuers
Bodies
in
Earth
.
Exp.
5.
-
pag.
101
Of
the
Affects
of
Mens
Bodies
from
seuerall
Winds
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
102
Of
Winter
and
Summer
Sicknesses
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Pestilentiall
Yeares
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Epidemicall
Diseases
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Preseruation
of
Liquours
in
Wells
,
or
deepe
Vaults
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Stutting
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
103
Of
Sweet
Smells
.
Exp.
4.
-
ibid.
Of
the
Goodnesse
,
and
Choice
of
Waters
.
Exp.
7.
-
pag.
104
Of
Temperate
Heats
vnder
the
AEquinoctiall
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
105
Of
the
Colouration
of
Blacke
and
Tawney
Moores
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Motion
after
the
instant
of
Death
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
106
Century
.
V.
OF
Accelerating
or
Hastening
forward
Germination
.
Exper.
12.
-
pag.
109
Of
Retarding
or
putting
backe
Germination
.
Exp.
9.
-
pag.
112
Of
Meliorating
,
or
making
better
,
Fruits
,
and
Plants
.
Exp.
55.
-
pag.
114
Of
Compound
Fruits
,
and
Flowers
.
Exp.
3.
-
pag.
122
Of
Sympathy
and
Antipathy
of
Plants
.
Exp.
19.
-
pag.
123
Of
Making
Herbs
and
Fruits
Medicinable
.
Exp.
2.
-
pag.
128
Century
.
VI.
OF
Curiosities
about
Fruits
,
and
Plants
.
Exp.
17.
-
pag.
131
Of
the
Degenerating
of
Plants
;
And
of
their
Transmutation
one
into
another
.
Exp.
14.
-
pag.
135
Of
the
Proceritie
and
Lownesse
of
Plants
;
And
of
Artificiall
Dwarsing
them
.
Exp.
5.
-
pag.
138
Of
the
Ruatments
of
Plants
;
And
of
the
Excrescences
of
Plants
,
or
Super-Plants
.
Exp.
26.
-
ibid.
Of
producing
Perfect
Plants
without
Seed
.
Exp.
11.
-
pag.
143
Of
Forraine
Plants
.
Exp.
3.
-
pag.
144
Of
the
Seasons
of
seuerall
Plants
.
Exp.
6.
-
pag.
145
Of
the
Lasting
of
Plants
.
Exp.
5.
-
pag.
146
Of
seuerall
Figures
of
Plants
.
Exp.
3.
-
pag.
147
Of
some
principall
Differences
in
Plants
.
Exp.
4.
-
pag.
148
Of
all
Manner
of
Composts
and
Helps
for
Ground
.
Exp.
6.
-
pag.
149
Century
.
VII
.
OF
the
Affinities
and
Differences
betweene
Plants
,
and
Bodies
Inanimate
.
Exp.
6.
-
pag.
153
Of
Affinities
and
Differences
betweene
Plants
,
and
Liuing
Creatures
;
And
of
the
Consiners
and
Participles
of
Both.
Exp.
3.
-
pag.
154
Of
Plants
Experiments
Promiscuous
.
Exp.
67.
-
pag.
155
Of
Healing
of
Wounds
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
169
Of
Fat
diffused
in
Flesh.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Ripening
Drinke
speedily
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
170
Of
Pilositie
and
Plumage
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
the
Quicknesse
of
Motion
in
Birds
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
the
Clearnesse
of
the
Sea
,
the
North
Wind
blowing
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
the
Different
Heats
of
Fire
and
Boyling
Water
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
the
Qualification
of
Heat
by
Moisture
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
171
Of
Yawning
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
the
Hiccough
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Sneezing
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
172
Of
the
Tendernesse
of
the
Teeth
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
the
Tongue
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
the
Mouth
out
of
Taste
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
some
Prognosticks
of
Pestilentiall
Seasons
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Speciall
Simples
for
Medicines
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Venus
.
Exp.
3.
-
pag.
173
Of
the
Infecta
,
or
Creatures
bred
of
Putrefaction
.
Exp.
3.
-
pag.
174
Of
Leaping
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
177
Of
the
Pleasures
and
Displeasures
of
Hearing
,
and
of
the
other
Senses
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Century
.
VIII
.
OF
Veines
of
Earth
Medicinall
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
181
Of
Sponges
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Sea-Fish
in
Fresh
Waters
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
182
Of
Attraction
by
Similitude
of
Substance
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Certaine
Drinks
in
Turkey
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Sweat
.
Exp.
6.
-
pag.
183
Of
the
Glo-Worme
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
184
Of
the
Impressions
vpon
the
Body
,
from
seuerall
Passions
of
the
Mind
.
Exp.
10.
-
ibid.
Of
Drunkennesse
.
Exp.
4.
-
pag.
187
Of
the
Hurt
,
or
Helpe
of
Wine
,
taken
moderately
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
188
Of
Catterpillers
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
the
Flyes
Cantharides
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
189
Of
Lassitude
.
Exp.
2.
-
ibid.
Of
Casting
the
Skin
,
and
Shell
,
in
some
Creatures
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
the
Postures
of
the
Body
.
Exp.
3.
-
pag.
190
Of
Pestilentiall
Yeares
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
some
Prognosticks
of
Hard
Winters
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
certaine
Medicines
that
condense
and
releeue
the
Spirits
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
191
Of
paintings
of
the
Body
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
the
vse
of
Bathing
,
and
Annointing
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Chamoletting
of
Paper
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
192
Of
Cuttle-Inke
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Earth
increasing
in
Weight
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Sleepe
.
Exp.
3.
-
ibid.
Of
Teeth
,
and
Hard
Substances
in
the
Bodies
of
Liuing
Creatures
.
Exp.
11.
-
pag.
193
Of
the
Generation
,
and
Bearing
of
Liuing
Creatures
in
the
Wombe
.
Exp.
3.
-
pag.
195
Of
Species
Visible
.
Exp.
2.
-
pag.
196
Of
Impulsion
,
and
Percussion
.
Exp.
3.
-
pag.
197
Of
Titillation
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
198
Of
Scarcity
of
Raine
in
AEgypt
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Clarification
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Plants
without
Leaues
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
199
Of
the
Materialls
of
Glasse
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Prohibition
of
Putrefaction
,
and
the
long
Conseruation
of
Bodies
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Abundance
of
Nitre
in
certaine
Sea-Shoares
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Bodies
borne
vp
by
Water
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Fuell
consuminglittle
or
nothing
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Cheape
Fuell
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
201
Of
Gathering
of
Wind
for
Freshnesse
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Trialls
of
Aires
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Increasing
Milke
in
Milch-Beasts
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Sand
of
the
Nature
of
Glasse
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
202
Of
the
Growth
of
Corall
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
the
Gathering
of
Manna
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Correcting
of
Wines
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Bitumen
,
one
of
the
Materialls
of
Wilde-Fire
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
203
Of
Plaster
growing
as
hard
as
Marble
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
the
Cure
of
some
Vlcers
and
Hurts
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
the
Healthfulnesse
or
Vnhealthfulnesse
of
the
Southerne
Wind.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Wounds
made
with
Brasse
,
and
with
Iron
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Mortification
by
Cold.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
204
Of
Weight
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Super-Natation
of
Bodies
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
the
Flying
of
Vnequall
Bodies
in
the
Aire
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Water
that
it
may
be
the
Medium
of
Sounds
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
205
Of
the
Flight
of
the
Spirits
vpon
odious
Obiects
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
the
Super-Reflexion
of
Eccho's
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
the
Force
of
Imagination
imitating
that
of
the
Sense
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
206
Of
Preseruation
of
Bodies
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
the
Growth
,
or
Multiplying
of
Metalls
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
the
Drowning
the
more
base
Metall
in
the
more
Pretious
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Fixation
of
Bodies
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
207
Of
the
Restlesse
Nature
of
Things
in
Themselues
,
and
their
Desire
to
Change
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Century
.
IX
.
OF
Perception
in
Bodies
Insensible
,
tending
to
Naturall
Diuination
,
and
Subtill
Trialls
.
Exp.
30.
-
pag.
211
Of
the
Causes
of
Appetite
in
the
Stomach
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
217
Of
Sweetnesse
of
Odour
from
the
Rain-Bow
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Sweet
Smells
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
218
Of
the
Corporeall
Substance
of
Smells
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Fetide
and
Fragrant
Odours
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
the
Causes
of
Putrefaction
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
220
Of
Bodies
vnperfectly
Mixt.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Concoction
and
Crudity
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Alterations
,
which
may
be
called
Maiors
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
221
Of
Bodies
Liquesiable
,
and
Not
Liquesiable
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
222
Of
Bodies
Fragile
and
Tough
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
the
two
Kindes
of
Pneumaticalls
in
Bodies
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
223
Of
Concretion
and
Dissolution
of
Bodies
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Bodies
Hard
and
Soft
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Bodies
Ductile
,
and
Tensile
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
224
Of
Seuerall
Passions
of
Matter
,
and
Characters
of
Bodies
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Induration
by
Sympathy
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
225
Of
Honey
and
Sugar
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
the
Finer
fort
of
Base
Metalls
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
certaine
Cements
and
Quarries
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
the
Altering
of
Colours
in
Haires
and
Feathers
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
226
Of
the
Differences
of
Liuing
Creatures
,
Male
and
Female
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
the
Comparatiue
Magnitude
of
Liuing
Creatures
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
227
Of
Producing
Fruit
without
Coare
or
Stone
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
the
Melioration
of
Tobacco
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Seuerall
Heats
working
the
same
Effects
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
228
Of
Swelling
and
Dilatation
in
Boiling
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
the
Dulcoration
of
Fruits
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Flesh
Edible
,
and
not
Edible
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
229
Of
the
Salamander
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
the
Cotrary
Operations
of
Time
,
vpon
Fruits
and
Liquours
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
230
Of
Blowes
and
Bruises
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
the
Orris
Root
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
the
Compression
of
Liquours
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
the
working
of
Water
vpon
Aire
Contiguous
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
231
Of
the
Nature
of
Aire
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
the
Eyes
and
sight
.
Exp.
7.
-
ibid.
Of
the
Colour
of
the
Sea
,
or
other
Water
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
233
Of
Shell-fish
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
the
Right
Side
,
and
the
Left
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Frictions
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Globes
appearing
flat
at
distance
,
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
234
Of
Shadowes
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
the
Rowling
,
and
Breaking
of
the
Seat
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
the
Dulcoration
of
Salt
Water
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
the
Returne
of
Saltnesse
in
Pits
by
the
Sea-Shoare
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Attraction
by
Similitude
of
Substance
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
235
Of
Attraction
.
Exper.
I.
-
ibid.
Of
Heat
vnder
Earth
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Flying
in
the
Aire
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
the
Scarlet
Dye
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
Maleficiating
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
the
Rise
of
Liquours
,
or
Powders
,
by
meanes
of
Flame
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
236
Of
the
Influences
of
the
Moone
.
Exp.
8.
-
ibid.
Of
Vinegar
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
238
Of
Creatures
that
sleepe
all
Winter
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Of
the
Generating
of
Creatures
by
Copulation
,
and
by
Putrefaction
.
Exp.
1.
-
ibid.
Century
.
X.
OF
the
Transmission
and
Influx
of
Immateriate
Vertues
,
and
the
Force
of
Imagination
;
whereof
there
be
Experiments
Monitory
three
;
In
all
,
Exp.
11.
-
pag.
241
Of
Emission
of
Spirits
in
Vapour
,
or
Exhalation
,
Odour-like
.
Exp.
26.
-
pag.
246
Of
Emissions
of
Spirituall
Species
,
which
affect
the
Senses
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
250
Of
Emission
of
Immateriate
Vertues
,
from
the
Mindes
,
and
Spirits
of
Men
,
by
Affections
,
Imagination
,
or
other
Impressions
.
Exp.
21.
-
ibid.
Of
the
Secret
Vertue
of
Sympathy
,
and
Antipathy
.
Exp.
39.
-
pag.
257
Of
Secret
Vertues
and
Properties
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
265
Of
the
Generall
Sympathy
of
Mens
Spirits
.
Exp.
1.
-
pag.
266
Faults
escaped
in
the
Printing
.
PAge
6.
line
28.
latter
,
reade
later
.
p.
18
.
l.
10.
Quilt
,
r.
Quilts
.
p.
32
l.
3y
.
Amalgama
,
r.
Amalagma
.
p.
93.
l.
35
.
lose
.
r.
lost
.
p.
122
,
l.
3
Coppies
,
r.
Coppice
.
p.
139.
on
the
Top
of
the
Lease
,
wanteth
part
of
the
Title
;
Rudiments
of
Plants
,
and
of
the
Exerscences
of
Plants
,
or
Super-Plants
.
p.
222
,
l.
5
.
in
redundat
.
FINIS
.