To
proue
a
passage
by
authoritie
to
be
on
the
Northside
of
AMERICA
,
to
goe
to
CATAIA
,
China
,
and
the
East
India
.
&c.
WHen
I
gaue
my self
to
the
studie
of
Geographie
,
after
I
had
perused
&
diligently
scanned
the
descriptions
of
Europe
,
Asia
,
and
Afrike
,
and
conferred
them
with
the
Mappes
and
Globes
both
Antique
&
Moderne
:
I
came
in
time
to
the
fourth
part
of
the
worlde
,
commonly
called
AMERICA
,
which
by
al
descriptions
I
founde
to
be
an
Ilande
enuironed
round
about
with
the
Sea
,
hauing
on
the
south-side
of
it
,
the
frete
,
or
strayte
of
Magellan
,
on
the
West
side
Mare
de
sur
,
which
Sea
runneth
towardes
the
North
,
separating
it
from
the
East
parts
of
Asia
,
where
the
dominions
of
the
Cataians
are
,
On
the
East
part
our
Weste
Ocean
,
and
on
the
North-side
the
sea
that
seuereth
it
from
Grondland
,
thorow
which
Northern
seas
,
the
passage
lyeth
,
which
I
take
now
in
hande
to
discouer
.
Plato
in
Timeo
,
and
in
the
Dialogue
called
Critias
,
discourseth
of
an
incomparable
great
Ilande
,
them
called
Atlantis
,
being
greater
then
all
Affrik
,
and
Asia
,
whiche
laye
Westward
from
the
Straits
of
Gibraltar
,
Nauigable
round
aboute
:
affirming
also
that
the
Princes
of
Atlantis
,
did
aswel
enioye
the
gouernaunce
of
all
Affrik
,
and
the
most
part
of
Europe
,
as
of
Atlantis
it selfe
.
Also
to
prooue
Platoes
opinion
of
this
Ilande
,
and
the
inhabyting
of
it
in
auncient
tyme
,
by
them
of
Europe
,
to
be
of
the
more
credit
:
Marineus
Siculus
,
in
his
Chronicle
of
Spayne
,
reporteth
that
there
hath
ben
found
by
the
Spaniardes
,
in
the
Golde
Mynes
of
America
,
certeine
peeces
of
Money
,
ingraued
with
the
Image
of
Augustus
Caesar
:
which
peeces
were
sent
vnto
the
Pope
,
for
a
testimonie
of
the
matter
,
by
Iohn
Rufus
,
Archebishop
of
Cosentinum
.
Moreouer
,
this
was
not
onely
thought
of
Plato
,
but
by
Marsilius
Ficinus
,
an
excellent
Florentine
Philosopher
,
Crantor
the
Graecian
,
Proclus
,
Proclus
pag.
24.
&
also
Philo
the
famous
Iewe
,
(
as
appeareth
in
his
booke
De
Mundo
,
&
in
the
Commentaries
vpon
Plato
)
to
be
ouerflowen
,
and
swallowed
vp
with
water
,
by
reason
of
a
mightie
Earthquake
,
and
streamyng
downe
of
the
heauenly
Fludgates
.
The
like
whereof
happened
vnto
some
part
of
Italie
,
when
by
the
forciblenes
of
the
Sea
,
called
Superum
,
it
cut
of
Cicilia
from
the
Continent
of
Calabria
,
Iustine
Lib.
4.
as
appeareth
in
Iustine
,
in
the
beginning
of
his
fourth
boke
.
Also
there
chaunced
the
like
in
Zelande
a
part
of
Flaunders
.
And
also
the
cities
of
Pyrrha
,
Meotis
Palus
,
with
the
Citie
Burys
,
in
the
Corynthian
bosome
,
commonly
called
Sinus
Corynthiacus
,
haue
bene
swallowed
vp
with
the
sea
,
and
are
not
at
this
day
to
be
discerned
:
By
which
accident
,
America
grew
to
be
vnknowen
of
long
time
,
vnto
vs
of
the
later
ages
,
and
was
lately
discouered
again
,
by
Americus
Vespucius
,
in
the
yere
of
our
Lord
,
1497.
which
some
say
to
haue
bene
first
discouered
,
by
Christopherus
Columbus
,
a
Genuest
.
Anno.
1492.
The
same
calamity
hapned
vnto
this
Isle
of
Atlantis
600.
&
od
yeres
before
Plato
his
time
,
which
some
of
the
people
of
the
southeast
parts
of
the
world
accompted
as
9000.
yeres
:
for
the
manner
then
was
to
recone
the
moone
,
her
Period
of
the
Zodiak
for
a
yere
,
which
is
our
vsuall
moneth
,
depending
a
Luminari
minore
.
So
that
in
these
our
dayes
there
can
no
other
mayne
or
Ilande
bee
founde
,
or
iudged
to
be
parcell
of
this
Atlantis
,
then
those
Westerne
Ilandes
,
which
beare
now
the
name
of
AMERICA
:
counteruailing
thereby
the
name
of
Atlantis
,
in
the
knowledge
of
our
age
.
Then
,
if
when
no
part
of
the
said
Atlantis
was
oppressed
by
water
,
&
earthquake
,
the
coastes
rounde
about
the
same
were
nauigable
:
a
far
greater
hope
now
remaineth
of
the
same
by
the
Northwest
,
seeing
the
most
parte
of
it
was
,
A
minore
ad
〈◊〉
.
since
that
time
,
swalowed
vp
with
water
,
which
coulde
not
vtterly
take
away
the
olde
deepes
and
chanels
,
but
rather
,
be
an
occasion
of
the
inlarging
of
the
olde
,
and
also
an
inforcing
of
a
great
many
new
:
why
then
should
we
nowe
doubte
of
our
Northwest
passage
&
nauigation
from
Englande
to
India
?
&c.
seeing
that
Atlantis
,
now
called
AMERICA
,
was
euer
knowen
to
be
an
Ilande
,
and
in
those
days
nauigable
round
about
,
which
by
accesse
of
more
water
coulde
not
be
diminished
.
Also
Aristotle
in
his
boke
De
Mundo
,
and
the
learned
Germane
,
Simon
Gryneus
in
his
annotations
vpon
the
same
,
saith
that
the
whole
earth
(
meaning
thereby
as
manifestly
doth
appeare
,
Asia
,
Afrik
and
Europe
,
being
al
the
countreis
then
knowen
)
to
be
but
on
Ilande
,
compassed
about
with
the
reach
of
the
Sea
Atlantine
:
which
likewise
approueth
AMERICA
to
be
an
Iande
,
and
in
no
parte
adioyning
to
Asia
,
or
the
rest
.
Also
many
Auncient
writers
,
Strabo
.
lib.
15
as
Strabo
&
others
,
called
both
the
Ocean
sea
(
which
lieth
East
of
India
)
Atlanticum
pelagus
;
and
that
Sea
also
on
the
west
coasts
of
Spayne
&
Afrik
,
Mare
Atlanticum
:
the
distance
betweene
which
two
coastes
,
is
almost
halfe
the
compasse
of
the
earth
.
So
that
it
is
incredible
,
as
by
Plato
appeareth
manifestly
,
that
the
East
Indian
sea
had
the
name
Atlanticum
pelagus
,
of
the
Mountaine
Atlas
in
Afrik
,
or
yet
the
Sea
adioining
to
Afrik
had
name
Oceanus
Atlanticus
,
of
the
same
mountaine
:
but
that
those
Seas
and
the
mountaine
Atlas
,
were
so
called
of
this
great
Ilande
Atlantis
,
and
that
the
one
&
the
other
,
Valerius
Anselmus
in
Catalogo
annorum
et
principum
,
fol.
6.
had
their
names
for
a
memoriall
of
the
mightie
prince
Atlas
,
sometime
King
therof
,
who
was
Iaphet
youngest
sonne
to
Noah
,
in
whose
time
the
whole
earth
was
diuided
betwene
the
three
bretherne
,
Sem.
Cam
,
and
Iaphet
.
Genesis
the
9.
and
10.
Wherefore
I
am
of
opinion
that
America
by
the
Northwest
,
wil
be
founde
fauorable
to
this
our
enterprise
,
and
am
the
rather
imboldened
to
beleeue
the
same
,
for
that
I
finde
it
not
onely
confirmed
by
Plato
,
Aristotle
,
and
other
auncient
Philosophers
:
but
also
by
al
the
best
moderne
Geographers
,
as
(
Gemma
Frisius
,
Muristerus
,
Appianus
,
Hunterus
,
Costaldus
,
Guyzardinus
,
Michael
Tramesinus
,
Franciscus
Demongenitus
,
Barnardus
Puteanus
,
Andreas
Vanasor
,
Tramontanus
,
Petrus
Martyr
,
and
also
Hortelius
)
who
doth
coaste
out
in
his
generall
Mappe
(
set
out
Anno
1569.
)
al
the
countreys
and
capes
,
on
the
Northwestside
of
America
,
from
Houchelaga
to
C.
De
Paramantia
:
describing
likewise
the
sea
coasts
of
Cataia
and
Grondland
,
towardes
any
part
of
America
,
making
both
Grondland
&
America
,
Ilands
disioyned
by
a
great
sea
,
from
any
part
of
Asia
.
Al
which
learned
men
and
painful
trauellers
haue
affirmed
,
with
one
consent
&
voice
,
that
America
was
an
Iland
:
&
that
there
lyeth
a
great
Sea
betweene
it
,
Cataia
,
and
Grondland
,
by
the
which
any
man
of
our
countrey
,
that
wil
giue
the
attempt
,
may
with
smal
danger
passe
to
Cataia
,
the
Moluccae
,
India
,
&
al
other
places
in
the
East
,
in
much
shorter
time
,
then
either
the
Spaniard
,
or
Portingale
doth
,
or
may
do
,
from
the
neerest
parte
of
any
of
their
countreis
within
Europe
.
What
mooued
these
learned
men
to
affirme
thus
much
,
I
know
not
,
or
to
what
end
so
many
&
sundrye
trauellers
,
We
ought
by
reasons
right
to
haue
a
reuerent
opinion
of
worthy
men
.
of
both
ages
,
haue
allowed
the
same
:
But
I
coniecture
that
they
would
neuer
haue
so
constantly
affirmed
,
or
notified
their
opinions
therein
to
the
world
,
if
they
had
not
had
great
good
cause
,
and
many
probable
reasons
,
to
haue
lead
them
thereunto
.
Now
least
you
should
make
smal
accompt
of
ancient
writers
or
of
their
experiences
,
which
trauelled
long
before
our
times
,
reconing
their
authority
amongst
fables
of
no
importance
:
I
haue
for
the
better
assurance
of
those
proofes
,
set
down
some
part
of
a
discourse
,
written
in
the
Saxon
tongue
,
and
translated
into
English
by
M.
Nowel
Seruaunte
to
Maister
Secretarie
Cecill
,
Now
Lord
Burleighe
&
highe
Treasurer
of
England
.
wherein
there
is
described
a
Nauigation
,
which
one
Ochther
made
,
in
the
time
of
Kinge
ALFRED
,
Kinge
of
Westsaxe
Anno.
871.
the
wordes
of
which
discourse
were
these
:
A
Nauigation
,
of
one
Ochther
made
in
king
Alfreds
tyme
.
He
sayled
right
North
,
hauing
alwayes
the
desert
land
on
the
Starborde
,
and
on
the
Larbord
,
the
mayne
sea
,
continueing
his
course
,
vntill
he
perceiued
that
the
coaste
bowed
directly
towardes
the
East
,
or
else
the
Sea
opened
into
the
land
he
coulde
not
tel
how
far
,
where
he
was
compelled
to
staye
,
vntil
he
had
a
westerne
winde
,
or
somewhat
vpon
the
North
,
and
sayled
thence
directly
East
,
alongst
the
coast
,
so
farre
as
he
was
able
in
foure
dayes
,
where
he
was
againe
inforced
to
tary
,
vntil
he
had
a
North
wind
,
A
perfect
Description
of
our
Muscouia
voyage
.
because
the
coast
there
bowed
directly
towardes
the
South
,
or
at
least
opened
,
he
knew
not
how
far
into
the
land
,
so
that
he
sayled
thence
along
the
coaste
continually
ful
South
,
so
farre
as
he
could
trauel
in
the
space
of
fiue
dayes
,
where
he
discouered
a
mightie
riuer
,
whiche
opened
farre
into
the
lande
,
and
in
the
entrye
of
this
riuer
he
turned
backe
againe
.
Wherby
it
appeareth
,
that
he
went
the
verye
same
waye
,
that
we
now
do
yearely
trade
by
S.
Nicholas
into
Muscouia
,
whiche
way
no
man
in
our
age
knewe
,
By
Sir
HVGH
WYLLOWBE
,
Knight
,
Chauncellor
and
borough
.
for
certeintie
to
be
sea
,
vntill
it
was
since
discouered
by
our
English
men
,
in
the
time
of
King
Edwarde
the
sixt
:
but
thought
before
that
time
that
Grondlande
had
ioyned
to
Normoria
Byarmia
,
and
therfore
was
accompted
a
newe
discouerie
,
being
nothing
so
in
deede
,
as
by
this
discourse
of
Ochthets
it
appeareth
.
Neuertheles
if
any
man
shoulde
haue
taken
this
voiage
in
hand
,
by
the
incouragment
of
this
onely
author
,
he
should
haue
beene
thought
but
simple
:
consideringe
that
this
Nauigation
was
written
so
many
yeares
past
,
in
so
barbarous
a
tongue
by
one
onely
obscure
author
,
and
yet
wee
in
these
our
dayes
finde
by
our
owne
experiences
,
his
former
reports
to
be
true
.
How
much
more
then
,
ought
we
to
beleue
this
passage
to
Cataia
to
be
,
being
verified
by
the
opinions
of
all
the
best
,
both
Antique
,
and
Moderne
Geographers
,
&
plainly
set
out
in
the
best
&
most
allowed
Mappes
,
Charts
,
Globes
,
Cosmographicall
tables
,
and
discourses
,
of
this
our
age
,
and
by
the
rest
,
not
denyed
,
but
left
as
a
matter
doubtfull
.
To
proue
by
reason
,
a
passage
to
be
on
the
Northside
of
AMERICA
:
to
goe
to
CATAIA
,
&c
,
Cap.
2.
FIrst
,
al
seas
are
mainteined
by
the
abundance
of
water
,
so
that
the
nerer
the
end
,
any
Riuer
,
Baye
or
Hauen
is
,
the
shallower
it
waxeth
,
(
although
by
some
Occidental
barre
,
it
is
somtime
found
otherwise
)
But
the
farther
you
saile
West
,
Experimented
by
our
english
fishers
.
from
Island
,
towards
the
place
,
wher
this
fret
is
thought
to
be
,
the
more
deeper
are
the
seas
:
which
giueth
vs
good
hope
,
of
continuance
of
the
same
sea
,
with
Mare
de
Sur
,
by
some
frete
that
lyeth
betweene
America
,
Grondlande
,
and
Cataia
.
2
Also
,
if
that
America
were
not
an
Iland
,
but
a
part
of
the
contīnent
adioining
to
Asia
,
either
the
people
which
inhabite
Mangia
,
Anian
,
and
Quinzay
,
&c
being
borderers
vpon
it
,
woulde
before
this
time
,
haue
made
some
roade
into
it
:
hoping
to
haue
found
some
like
commodities
to
their
owne
.
3
Or
els
the
Scythians
,
and
Tartarians
,
(
which
often
times
hertofore
,
haue
sought
far
and
nere
,
Neede
makes
the
olde
wife
to
trotte
.
for
new
seates
,
driuen
thereunto
,
through
the
necessitie
of
their
colde
,
and
miserable
countreys
)
would
in
al
this
time
,
haue
found
the
way
to
America
,
&
entred
the
same
,
had
the
passages
bene
neuer
so
strayte
,
or
difficult
:
the
countrie
beeing
so
temperate
,
pleasaunte
and
fruitfull
,
in
comparison
of
their
owne
.
But
there
was
neuer
any
such
people
found
there
,
by
any
of
the
Spaniardes
,
Portingals
,
or
Frenchemen
,
who
firste
discouered
the
Inlande
of
that
Countrie
:
which
Spaniardes
,
or
Frenchemen
,
must
then
of
necessitie
,
haue
seene
some
one
Ciuil
man
in
America
,
consideringe
how
full
of
ciuil
people
Asia
is
:
But
they
neuer
sawe
so
muche
as
one
token
,
or
signe
,
that
euer
any
man
of
the
knowen
part
of
the
worlde
,
had
beene
there
.
4
Furthermore
,
it
is
to
be
thought
,
the
if
by
reason
of
mountains
,
or
other
craggy
places
,
the
people
neither
of
Cataia
,
or
Tartarie
could
enter
the
countries
of
America
,
or
they
of
America
,
haue
entred
Asia
,
if
it
were
so
ioyned
:
yet
some
one
sauage
,
or
wandring
beast
wold
in
so
many
yeres
,
haue
passed
into
it
:
but
there
hath
not
at
any
time
been
found
any
of
the
beasts
proper
to
Cataia
,
or
Tartarie
&c.
in
America
:
nor
of
those
proper
to
America
,
in
Tartarie
,
Cataia
,
&c.
or
ani
part
of
Asia
Which
thing
proueth
America
,
not
only
to
be
one
Iland
,
and
in
no
part
adioyning
to
Asia
,
But
also
that
the
people
of
those
Countreyes
,
haue
not
had
any
traffyke
with
eache
other
.
5
Moreouer
,
at
the
leaste
some
one
of
those
painefull
trauellors
,
which
of
purpose
haue
passed
the
Confines
of
both
countreys
,
with
intent
only
to
discouer
,
would
,
(
as
it
is
most
likely
)
haue
gone
from
the
one
to
the
other
:
if
there
had
bene
any
piece
of
lande
,
or
Ismos
,
to
haue
ioyned
them
together
,
or
else
haue
declared
some
cause
to
the
contrary
.
6
But
neither
Paulus
venetus
,
who
lyued
,
and
dwelt
a
long
time
,
in
Cataia
,
euer
came
into
America
,
and
yet
was
at
the
Sea
coastes
of
Mangia
,
ouer
against
it
,
where
he
was
imbarked
,
and
perfourmed
a
great
Nauigation
along
those
Seas
:
Neither
yet
Verarzanus
,
or
Franciscus
vasques
de
Coronado
,
who
trauelled
the
North
parte
of
America
by
lande
,
euer
founde
entrye
from
thence
by
land
,
to
Cataia
,
or
any
part
of
Asia
.
7
Also
it
appeareth
to
be
an
Iland
,
The
Sea
hath
three
motions
-
1
Motum
ab
oriente
in
occidentem
.
-
2
Motom
fluxus
et
refluxus
.
-
3
Motum
circularem
.
Ad
caeli
mo●●●
elementa
omnia
(
exceptae
terra
)
mouentur
.
insomuche
as
the
Sea
runneth
by
nature
circularly
,
from
the
East
to
the
West
,
following
the
Diurnal
motion
of
Primum
Mobile
,
and
carieth
with
it
all
inferiour
bodies
moueable
,
aswel
celestial
,
as
elemental
:
which
motion
of
the
waters
,
is
most
euidently
seene
in
the
Sea
,
which
lyeth
on
the
Southside
of
Afrik
,
where
the
currant
that
runneth
from
the
East
to
the
West
,
is
so
strong
(
by
reason
of
such
motion
)
that
the
Portingales
in
the
voiages
,
Eastward
to
Callecute
,
in
passing
by
Cap.
De
buona
speranca
,
are
enforced
to
make
diuers
courses
,
the
currant
there
being
so
swift
,
as
it
striketh
from
thence
,
all
along
Westward
,
vpon
the
fret
of
Magellan
,
being
distant
from
thence
,
nere
the
fourth
parte
of
the
longitude
of
the
earth
:
and
not
hauing
free
passage
&
entrance
,
thorow
that
fret
towardes
the
West
,
by
reason
of
the
narrownesse
of
the
said
straite
of
Magellan
,
it
runneth
to
salue
this
wrong
(
Nature
not
yelding
to
accidentall
restraintes
)
all
along
the
Easterne
coasts
of
America
,
Northwardes
,
so
farre
as
Cap.
Fredo
,
beeing
the
farthest
knowen
place
of
the
same
continent
,
towardes
the
North
:
which
is
about
,
4800.
leagues
,
reconing
therewithal
the
trending
of
the
land
.
8
So
that
this
Currant
,
being
continually
mainteined
with
such
force
,
as
Iaques
Cartier
affirmeth
it
to
be
,
who
mette
with
the
same
being
at
Baccalaos
,
as
he
sailed
alongst
the
coastes
of
America
,
then
,
either
it
must
of
necessitie
,
haue
way
to
passe
from
Cap.
Fredo
,
thorowe
this
frete
,
Westwarde
towardes
Cataia
,
being
knowen
to
come
so
farre
,
onely
to
salue
his
former
wronges
,
by
the
authoritie
before
named
:
or
els
it
must
needes
strike
ouer
,
vpon
the
coast
of
Island
,
Lappia
,
Finmarke
,
&
Norway
,
(
which
are
East
from
the
said
place
,
about
360.
Leagues
)
with
greater
force
,
then
it
did
from
Cap.
de
buona
Speranca
,
vpon
the
fret
of
Magellan
,
or
from
the
frete
of
Magellan
to
Cap.
Fredo
,
vpon
whiche
coastes
,
Iaques
Cartier
mette
with
the
same
,
considering
the
shortnes
of
the
Cut
,
from
the
said
C.
Fredo
,
to
Island
,
Lappia
,
&c.
And
so
the
cause
Efficient
remaining
,
P●●●●a
causa
,
ponitur
effectus
.
it
would
haue
continually
followed
along
our
coastes
,
through
the
narrowe
seas
,
which
it
doth
not
,
but
is
disgested
about
the
North
of
Labrador
,
by
some
through
passage
there
,
thorow
this
fret
.
Mediterrane
Sea
(
as
affirmeth
Conterenus
)
wheras
the
currant
,
which
commeth
from
Tanijs
,
&
the
sea
Euxinus
,
running
along
al
the
coasts
of
Greece
,
Italie
,
Fraunce
,
and
Spaine
,
and
not
finding
sufficient
way
out
through
Gibralter
,
by
meanes
of
the
straitnes
of
the
fret
,
it
runneth
back
againe
,
alongst
the
coasts
of
Barbarie
,
by
Alexandria
,
Natolia
,
&c.
It
may
(
peraduenture
)
be
thought
,
that
this
course
of
the
sea
,
doth
sometime
surcease
,
and
therby
impugne
this
principle
,
because
it
is
not
discerned
all
along
the
coast
of
America
,
An
Obiection
answered
.
in
such
sort
as
Iaques
Cartier
found
it
:
Whereunto
I
answere
this
:
that
albeit
,
in
euerie
parte
of
the
Coaste
of
America
,
or
els
where
,
this
Currant
is
not
sensibly
perceiued
,
yet
,
it
hath
euermore
such
like
motion
,
either
in
the
vppermost
,
or
nethermost
parte
of
the
sea
:
as
it
may
be
proued
true
,
if
ye
sinke
a
sayle
by
a
couple
of
ropes
,
The
Sea
doth
euermore
performe
this
circular
motion
,
either
in
Suprema
,
or
concaua
superficiae
aquae
.
nere
the
ground
,
fastening
to
the
nethermost
corners
,
two
gun
chambers
,
or
other
weights
:
by
the
driuing
whereof
you
shal
plainly
perceiue
,
the
course
of
the
water
,
and
Currant
,
running
with
such
like
course
in
the
bottome
.
By
the
like
experiment
,
you
may
finde
the
ordinarie
motion
of
the
sea
,
in
the
Ocean
:
how
farre
soeuer
you
be
of
the
land
.
9
Also
there
commeth
another
Currant
from
out
the
Northeast
from
the
Scythian
Sea
(
as
M.
Iynkinson
a
man
of
rare
vertue
,
great
trauaile
and
experience
,
told
me
)
which
runneth
Westwarde
towardes
Labrador
,
as
the
other
did
,
which
commeth
from
the
South
:
so
that
both
these
Currants
,
must
haue
way
thorowe
this
our
frete
,
or
else
incounter
together
and
runne
contrary
courses
,
in
one
line
,
but
no
suche
conflictes
of
streames
,
or
contrary
courses
are
found
about
any
parte
of
Labrador
,
or
Terra
noua
,
as
witnesse
our
yerely
fishers
,
and
other
saylers
that
way
,
but
is
there
disgested
,
as
aforesaid
,
and
founde
by
the
experience
of
Barnard
de
la
Tore
,
Ex
Nihilo
,
nihil
sit
.
to
fall
into
Mare
del
Sur.
One.
and
the
self
same
place
in
the
earth
,
may
be
both
East
and
West
in
sundry
respects
:
so
that
this
Oriental
motion
of
the
water
,
is
brought
to
be
circular
(
without
repugnancie
)
by
the
regular
course
of
Primum
Mobile
.
10
Furthermore
,
the
Currant
in
the
great
Ocean
,
coulde
not
haue
beene
mainteined
to
runne
continually
one
way
,
from
the
beginning
of
the
world
,
vnto
this
day
had
there
not
bene
some
thorow
passage
by
the
frete
aforesaide
,
and
so
by
circular
motion
,
be
brought
againe
to
mainteine
it selfe
:
For
the
Tides
,
and
courses
of
the
Sea
,
are
maintained
by
their
interchangeable
motions
:
as
freash
riuers
are
by
springes
,
by
ebbing
and
flowing
,
by
rarifaction
and
condensation
.
So
that
it
resteth
not
possible
(
so
farre
as
my
simple
reason
can
comprehend
)
that
this
perpetual
currant
,
The
flowing
is
occasioned
by
reason
that
the
heate
of
the
moone
boyleth
,
and
maketh
the
water
thinne
by
way
of
rarefaction
.
And
the
ebbing
commeth
for
want
of
that
heate
,
which
maketh
the
water
to
fal
againe
by
way
of
condensation
.
An
experience
to
prooue
the
falling
of
this
Currant
,
into
Mare
del
Sur.
can
by
any
means
be
maintained
,
but
only
by
continual
reaccesse
of
the
same
water
,
which
passeth
thorow
the
fret
,
and
is
brought
about
thither
againe
,
by
suche
Circular
motion
as
aforesaid
.
And
the
certaine
falling
thereof
by
this
fret
,
into
Mare
de
sur
,
is
proued
by
the
testimonie
and
experience
,
of
Barnarde
del
la
Torre
,
who
was
sent
from
P.
del
la
Natiuita
,
to
the
Mulluccae
,
Anno.
Dom.
1542.
by
commandement
of
Anthonie
Mendoza
,
then
Viceroy
of
Noua
Hispania
,
which
Barnarde
,
sayled
750.
Leagues
,
on
the
Northside
of
the
AEquator
,
and
there
mette
with
a
currant
,
which
came
from
the
Northeast
,
and
droue
him
backe
againe
to
Tidore
.
Wherfore
,
this
currant
being
proued
to
come
from
C.
de
buona
Speranca
,
to
the
fret
of
Magellan
,
and
wanting
sufficient
entrance
there
,
by
narrownes
of
the
straite
,
is
by
the
necessitie
of
natures
force
,
brought
to
Terra
de
Labrador
,
where
Iaques
Cartier
met
the
same
,
&
thence
certainly
knowen
,
not
to
strike
ouer
vpon
Island
,
Lappia
,
&c.
and
founde
by
Barnarde
de
la
Torre
,
in
Mare
del
Sur
,
on
the
backeside
of
America
,
therefore
,
this
currant
(
hauing
none
other
passage
)
must
of
necessitie
,
fall
out
thorow
this
our
fret
into
Mare
del
Sur
,
&
so
trending
by
the
Mulluccae
,
China
,
and
C.
De
buona
,
speranca
,
maintaineth
itself
by
circular
motion
which
is
all
one
in
nature
,
with
Motus
ab
Oriente
in
Occidentem
.
So
that
it
seemeth
,
we
haue
now
more
occasion
to
doubt
of
our
returne
,
them
whether
there
be
a
passage
that
way
,
yea
or
no
:
which
doubt
,
hereafter
shal
be
sufficiently
remoued
.
Wherefore
,
in
mine
opinion
,
reason
it selfe
,
grounded
vpon
experience
,
assureth
vs
of
this
passage
,
if
there
were
nothing
els
to
put
vs
in
hope
thereof
.
But
least
these
might
not
suffise
,
I
haue
added
in
this
Chapiter
followinge
,
some
further
proofe
hereof
,
by
the
experience
of
such
as
haue
passed
some
part
of
this
discouerie
:
and
in
the
next
adioyning
to
that
,
the
authoritie
of
those
,
whiche
haue
sayled
wholy
,
thorowe
euerie
part
thereof
.
To
proue
by
experience
of
sundrie
mens
trauels
,
the
opening
of
some
part
of
this
Northwest
passage
:
wherby
good
hope
remaineth
of
the
rest
.
Cap.
3.
PAulus
Venetus
,
who
dwelt
many
yeres
in
Cataia
,
affirmed
that
he
sailed
,
1500
myles
,
vpon
the
coastes
of
Mangia
,
and
Anian
,
towards
the
Northeast
:
alwayes
finding
the
Seas
open
before
him
,
not
onely
as
farre
as
he
went
:
but
also
as
far
as
he
could
discerne
.
2
Also
,
Franciscus
Vasques
de
Coronado
,
passing
from
Mexico
by
Ceuola
,
through
the
countrey
of
Quiuir
,
to
Sierra
Neuada
,
found
there
a
great
Sea
,
where
were
certaine
Ships
laden
with
Merchandize
,
the
mariners
wearing
on
their
heades
the
pictures
of
certaine
birdes
,
called
Alcatratzi
,
part
whereof
were
made
of
golde
,
&
parte
of
siluer
:
who
signified
by
signes
,
that
they
were
30.
dayes
comming
thither
:
whiche
likewise
proueth
,
America
by
experience
,
to
be
disioyned
from
Cataia
,
on
that
part
,
by
a
great
Sea
,
because
they
coulde
not
come
from
any
parte
of
America
,
as
Natiues
thereof
:
for
that
,
so
far
as
it
is
discouered
,
there
hath
not
bene
founde
there
,
any
one
Shippe
of
that
Countrey
.
Baros
lib.
9.
Of
his
first
Deca●
.
cap.
1.
3
In
like
maner
,
Iohan.
Baros
,
testifieth
the
the
Cosmographers
of
China
(
where
he
himself
had
bene
)
affirme
that
the
Sea
coast
,
trendeth
from
thence
,
Northeast
,
to
50.
degrees
,
of
Septentrional
latitude
,
being
the
farthest
parte
that
way
,
whiche
the
Portingals
had
then
knowledge
of
:
And
that
the
said
Cosmographers
,
knewe
no
cause
to
the
contrarie
,
but
that
it
might
continue
further
.
By
whose
experiences
,
America
is
proued
to
be
seperate
from
those
partes
of
Asia
,
directly
against
the
same
.
And
not
contented
with
the
iudgements
of
these
learned
men
only
,
I
haue
serched
,
what
might
be
further
said
,
for
the
confirmation
hereof
.
4
And
I
found
,
that
Franciscus
Lopes
de
Gomara
,
Lopes
in
his
hystorie
of
India
.
affirmeth
,
(
America
)
to
be
an
Iland
,
and
likewise
Grondland
:
and
that
Grondland
is
distant
from
Lappia
.
40.
leagues
,
&
from
Terra
de
Labrador
,
50.
5
Moreouer
,
Aluerus
Nunnius
,
a
Spaniarde
and
learned
Cosmographer
,
and
Iacobus
Cartier
,
who
made
two
voyages
,
into
those
partes
,
and
sayled
500.
myles
,
vpon
the
Northeast
coasts
of
America
.
6
Likewise
,
Hieronimus
Fracastorius
,
a
learned
Italian
,
and
traueller
,
in
the
North
parts
of
the
same
land
.
7
Also
Verarsannus
,
a
Florentine
,
hauing
done
the
like
,
heard
say
at
Houchelaga
in
Noua
Francia
,
how
that
there
was
a
great
Sea
at
Saguinay
,
whereof
the
ende
was
not
knowen
:
which
they
presupposed
to
be
the
passage
to
Cataia
.
8
Furthermore
,
Writen
in
the
discourses
of
Nauigation
.
Sebastian
Gabota
,
by
his
personall
experience
,
and
trauell
,
hath
set
foorth
,
and
described
this
passage
,
in
his
Charts
,
whiche
are
yet
to
bee
seene
,
in
the
Queenes
Maiesties
priuie
Gallerie
,
at
White
hall
,
who
was
sent
to
make
this
discouerie
by
King
Henrie
the
seauenth
,
&
entred
the
same
fret
:
affirming
,
that
he
sailed
very
far
westward
,
with
a
quarter
of
the
North
,
on
the
Northside
of
Terra
de
Labrador
,
the
eleuenth
of
Iune
,
vntil
he
came
to
the
Septentrional
latitude
of
67
½
degrees
&
finding
the
Seas
still
open
,
said
,
that
he
might
,
&
would
haue
gone
to
Cataia
,
if
the
Mutinie
of
the
Maisters
.
&
Mariners
,
had
not
ben
.
Now
,
as
these
mens
experience
,
haue
proued
some
parte
of
this
passage
:
so
the
Chapter
following
,
shal
put
you
in
full
assurance
of
the
rest
,
by
their
experiences
which
haue
passed
thorow
euery
part
thereof
.
To
proue
by
circumstance
,
that
the
Northwest
passage
,
hath
beene
sayled
thorough
out
.
Cap.
4.
Quinque
sinsus
.
-
1
Visus
.
-
2
Auditus
.
-
3
Olfactus
.
-
4
Gustus
.
-
5
Tactus
.
Singularia
sesu
,
vniuersalia
veromente
percipi●●●●ur
.
THe
diuersity
betwene
bruite
beastes
and
men
,
or
betwene
the
wise
and
the
simple
,
is
that
the
one
iudgeth
by
sense
onely
,
&
gathereth
no
suertie
of
anye
thing
that
he
hath
not
sene
,
fealt
,
heard
,
tasted
,
or
smelled
:
And
the
other
not
so
onely
,
but
also
findeth
the
certaintie
of
things
by
reason
,
before
they
happen
to
be
tryed
.
Wherfore
,
I
haue
added
proofes
of
both
sortes
,
that
the
one
and
the
other
,
might
thereby
be
satisfied
.
-
1
First
,
as
Gemma
Frisius
reciteth
,
there
went
from
Europe
,
3
brethren
through
this
passage
:
whereof
it
tooke
the
name
,
of
Fretum
trium
fratrum
.
-
lib.
2.
cap.
66.
2
Also
,
Plinie
affirmeth
,
out
of
Cornelius
Nepos
,
(
who
wrote
57.
yeres
before
Christ
)
that
there
were
certain
Indians
driuen
by
tempest
,
vpon
the
coast
of
Germanie
which
were
presented
by
the
King
of
Sueuia
,
vnto
Quintus
Metellus
Celer
,
then
Proconsul
of
Fraunce
.
-
3
And
Plinie
,
vpon
the
same
,
saith
that
it
is
no
maruel
,
though
there
be
Sea
by
the
North
,
where
there
is
such
abundance
of
moisture
:
which
argueth
,
that
he
doubted
not
of
a
Nauigable
passage
that
way
,
thorow
which
those
Indians
came
.
-
4
And
for
the
better
profe
,
that
the
same
authoritie
of
Cornelius
Nepos
,
is
not
by
me
wrested
,
to
prooue
my
opinion
of
the
Northwest
passage
:
you
shal
finde
the
same
affirmed
more
plainely
in
that
behalfe
,
Pag.
590.
by
the
excellent
Geographer
,
Dominicus
Marius
Niger
,
who
sheweth
how
many
wayes
the
Indian
Sea
stretcheth
it selfe
,
making
in
that
place
,
recitall
of
certaine
Indians
,
that
were
likewise
driuen
through
the
North
Seas
from
India
,
vpon
the
coasts
of
Germanie
,
by
great
tempest
,
as
they
were
sayling
in
trade
of
Merchandize
.
-
5
Also
,
whiles
Frederic
Barbarossa
raigned
Emperour
,
Auouched
by
Franciscus
Lopes
de
Gomar●
in
his
historie
of
India
.
Anno
D.
1160.
there
came
certeine
other
Indians
,
vpon
the
coaste
of
Germanie
.
-
6
Likewise
,
Othon
,
in
the
storie
of
the
Gothes
affirmeth
,
that
in
the
time
of
the
Germane
Emperours
,
ther
were
,
also
certain
Indians
cast
by
force
of
weather
,
vpon
the
coast
of
the
said
Countrey
:
which
foresaid
Indians
,
coulde
not
possiblie
haue
come
by
the
Southeast
,
Southwest
,
nor
from
any
part
of
Afrik
,
or
America
,
nor
yet
by
the
Northeast
:
therfore
they
came
of
necessity
,
by
this
our
Northwest
passage
.
To
prooue
that
these
Indians
aforenamed
,
came
not
by
the
Southeast
,
Southwest
,
nor
from
any
other
part
of
Afrik
,
or
America
.
Cap.
5.
1
FIrst
,
they
coulde
not
come
from
the
Southwest
,
by
C.
debuona
Speranca
,
because
the
roughnes
of
the
Seas
there
,
are
such
(
occasioned
by
the
Currants
,
and
great
windes
,
in
that
part
)
that
the
greatest
Armados
,
the
King
of
Portingale
hath
,
cannot
without
great
difficulty
passe
that
way
:
muchlesse
then
a
Canoa
of
India
coulde
liue
in
those
outragious
Seas
,
without
Shipwracke
(
beeing
a
vessell
but
of
verie
small
burden
)
and
haue
conducted
themselues
to
the
place
aforesaide
,
beeing
men
vnexpert
in
the
Art
of
Nauigation
.
2
Also
,
it
appeareth
plainely
,
that
they
were
not
able
,
to
come
from
alongest
the
coast
of
Afrik
aforesaide
,
to
those
partes
of
Europe
,
because
the
winds
do
(
for
the
most
part
)
blow
ther
Easterlie
,
of
from
the
shore
,
and
the
Currante
running
that
way
,
in
like
sort
,
should
haue
driuen
them
Westward
,
vpon
some
part
of
America
,
for
such
windes
and
Tydes
,
coulde
neuer
haue
led
them
from
thence
,
to
the
said
place
where
they
were
found
,
Nor
yet
could
they
haue
come
from
any
of
the
Countries
aforesaid
keeping
the
Seas
alwayes
without
skilfull
Mariners
,
to
haue
conducted
them
such
like
courses
,
as
were
necessarie
,
to
perfourme
such
a
voyage
.
3
Presupposing
also
,
if
they
had
bene
driuen
to
the
west
(
as
they
must
haue
beene
comming
that
way
)
then
they
should
haue
perished
,
wanting
supplie
of
victuals
,
not
hauing
any
place
(
once
leauing
the
coaste
of
Afrik
)
vntil
they
came
to
America
:
nor
from
America
,
vntil
they
arriued
vpon
some
part
of
Europe
,
or
the
Ilandes
adioyning
to
it
,
to
haue
refreshed
themselues
.
4
Also
,
if
(
notwithstanding
such
impossibilities
)
they
might
haue
recouered
Germanie
,
by
comming
from
India
,
by
the
Southeast
,
yet
must
they
without
al
doubt
,
haue
striken
vpon
some
other
part
of
Europe
,
before
their
arriual
there
,
as
the
Iles
of
Madera
,
Portingal
,
Spaine
,
Fraunce
,
England
,
Ireland
,
&c.
which
if
they
had
done
,
it
is
not
credible
,
that
they
should
,
or
would
haue
departed
,
vndiscouered
of
the
inhabitants
:
but
there
was
neuer
found
in
these
dayes
,
any
such
Ship
or
men
,
but
onely
vpon
the
coasts
of
Germanie
,
where
they
haue
bene
sundrie
times
,
and
in
sundrie
ages
cast
a
land
:
Neither
is
it
like
,
that
they
woulde
haue
committed
themselues
againe
to
Sea
,
if
they
had
so
arriued
,
not
knowing
wher
they
were
,
nor
whither
to
haue
gon
.
5
And
by
the
Southwest
it
is
as
vnposble
,
because
the
currant
aforesaide
,
Why
the
Indians
coulde
not
come
by
the
Southwest
which
commeth
from
the
East
,
striketh
with
such
force
vpon
the
fret
of
Magellan
,
and
falleth
with
such
swiftnes
and
furie
;
into
Mare
de
Sur
,
that
hardly
any
ship
(
but
not
possible
a
Canoa
,
with
such
vnskilfull
Mariners
)
can
come
into
our
westerne
Ocean
,
thorow
that
fret
,
from
the
west
Seas
of
America
,
as
Magellans
experience
hathe
partly
taught
vs
.
6
And
further
,
to
proue
that
these
people
,
so
arriuing
vpon
the
coast
of
Germanie
,
were
Indians
,
That
the
Indians
coulde
not
be
natiues
either
of
Africa
,
or
of
America
.
and
not
inhabiters
of
anye
part
,
either
of
Africa
,
or
America
,
it
is
manifest
:
because
the
Natiues
both
of
Africa
&
America
,
neither
had
,
or
haue
,
at
this
day
(
as
is
reported
)
other
kinde
of
boates
,
than
such
as
do
beare
neither
masts
,
nor
sayls
,
(
except
onely
vpon
the
Coastes
of
Barbarie
and
the
Turks
Shippes
)
but
do
carie
themselues
from
place
to
place
,
neere
the
shore
,
by
the
ore
onely
.
¶
To
prooue
that
those
Indians
came
not
by
the
Northeast
,
&
that
ther
is
no
thorow
Nauigable
passage
that
way
.
Cap.
6.
1
IT
is
lykelie
that
there
should
be
no
thorowe
passage
by
the
Northeast
,
whereby
to
goe
rounde
about
the
world
:
because
al
seas
(
as
aforesaide
)
are
maintained
by
the
abundance
of
water
,
waxing
more
shallow
and
shelffie
towards
the
end
,
as
we
finde
,
it
doth
by
experience
,
in
Mare
Glaciali
,
towards
the
East
,
which
breedeth
smal
hope
of
any
great
continuance
,
of
that
Sea
,
to
be
Nauigable
towardes
the
East
,
sufficient
to
sayle
thereby
,
rounde
about
the
worlde
.
Qualis
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
effectus●
with
the
colde
damps
of
the
ayre
,
about
72
degrees
,
by
an
accidental
mishappe
:
and
yet
the
ayre
in
such
like
Eleuation
is
alwayes
colde
,
and
to
colde
for
suche
as
the
Indians
are
.
3
Furthermore
,
the
pearcing
colde
of
the
grose
thicke
ayre
so
neere
the
Pole
,
will
so
stiffen
and
furre
the
sayles
,
and
shippe
tackling
,
that
no
Mariner
can
either
hoise
or
strike
them
(
as
our
experience
farre
nerer
the
South
,
then
this
passage
is
presupposed
to
be
,
hath
taught
vs
)
without
the
vse
whereof
no
voyage
can
be
perfourmed
.
4
Also
,
the
ayre
is
so
darkened
,
with
continual
mysts
,
and
fogges
,
so
neere
the
Pole
,
that
no
man
can
well
see
,
either
to
guide
his
shippe
,
or
direct
his
course
.
5
Also
the
compasse
at
such
eleuation
,
doth
verie
sodenly
varie
:
which
thinges
must
of
force
,
haue
bene
their
destructions
,
although
they
had
beene
men
of
muche
more
skil
then
the
Indians
are
.
6
Moreouer
al
Bayes
,
〈◊〉
and
riuers
,
doe
receiue
their
increase
vpon
the
fludde
,
Mare
Mediterraneum
,
Mare
Rubium
,
Sinus
Persicus
,
Sinus
Bodicus
,
Thamisis
,
and
al
other
knowen
Hauens
,
or
riuers
in
any
part
of
the
world
:
&
eche
of
them
opening
but
on
one
part
to
the
mayne
sea
,
do
likwise
receiue
their
encrease
vpon
the
fluddē
,
the
same
way
,
&
none
other
,
which
Mare
Glaciale
doth
,
onely
by
the
West
(
as
M.
Iynkinson
affirmed
vnto
me
)
and
therefore
it
followeth
that
this
Northeast
sea
,
receiuing
increase
but
onely
from
the
West
,
cannot
possibly
open
to
the
maine
Ocean
,
by
the
East
.
7
Moreouer
,
the
farther
you
passe
into
any
sea
,
It
may
perhaps
be
found
otherwise
in
some
one
ryuer
,
by
reason
of
a
bare
in
the
entrance
or
some
other
like
accident
.
towardes
the
end
of
it
,
on
that
parte
which
is
shutte
vp
from
the
mayne
Sea
(
as
in
all
those
aboue
mentioned
)
the
lesse
and
lesse
the
Tydes
rise
and
fall
.
The
like
whereof
also
happeneth
in
Mare
Glaciale
,
which
proueth
but
small
continuance
of
that
sea
,
toward
the
East
.
8
Also
,
the
farther
ye
goe
towarde
the
East
,
in
Mare
Glaciale
,
the
lesse
saite
the
water
is
:
whiche
coulde
not
happen
,
if
it
were
open
to
the
salte
Sea
towardes
the
Easte
,
(
Euerie
thinge
naturally
ingendereth
his
lyke
)
&
then
must
it
bee
like
salte
throughout
,
as
all
the
Seas
are
,
in
such
like
Climate
,
and
Eleuation
.
And
therfore
it
seemeth
,
Omne
●●mile
gignis
sui
●imile
.
that
this
Northeast
sea
is
maintained
by
the
riuer
Oby
,
&
such
like
fresshets
as
Mare
Goticum
,
&
Mare
Mediterraneum
,
in
the
vppermost
parts
therof
,
by
the
riuer
Nilus
,
Danubius
,
Neper
,
Tanais
.
&c.
9
Furthermore
,
if
there
were
any
such
sea
at
that
eleuation
,
of
like
it
should
be
alwayes
frosen
throughout
(
there
being
no
tydes
to
hinder
it
)
because
the
extreame
coldnes
of
the
ayre
in
the
vppermost
part
,
&
the
extreame
coldnes
of
the
earth
in
the
bottome
,
the
sea
there
being
but
of
small
depth
,
whereby
the
one
accidental
coldnes
doth
meete
with
the
other
,
and
the
sunne
not
hauinge
their
reflection
so
neere
the
Pole
,
but
at
verie
blunt
angles
,
it
can
neuer
bee
dissolued
after
it
is
frosen
,
notwithstandinge
the
great
length
of
their
day
:
for
that
the
sunne
hath
no
heate
at
al
in
his
light
,
or
beams
,
but
proceding
only
by
an
accidentall
reflection
,
whiche
there
wanteth
in
effect
.
10
And
yet
if
the
sunne
were
of
sufficient
force
in
that
eleuation
,
to
preuaile
against
this
Ise
,
yet
must
it
be
broken
before
it
can
be
dissolued
,
which
cannot
be
but
through
the
long
continuance
of
the
sunne
aboue
their
Horizon
,
and
by
that
time
the
summer
woulde
be
so
farre
spent
,
and
so
great
a
darkenes
and
colde
insue
,
that
no
man
could
be
able
to
endure
so
colde
,
darke
,
and
discomfortable
a
Nauigation
,
if
it
were
possible
for
him
then
,
and
there
to
liue
.
11
Further
,
the
Ise
being
once
broken
,
it
must
of
force
,
so
driue
with
the
windes
and
Tydes
,
that
no
ship
can
sayle
in
those
Seas
,
seeing
our
●●shers
of
Island
,
and
the
Newe
found
Land
,
are
subiect
to
daunger
,
thorowe
the
great
Ilandes
of
Ise
,
whiche
fleete
in
the
Seas
,
(
to
the
saylers
great
daunger
)
farre
to
the
South
of
that
presupposed
Passage
.
12
And
it
cannot
be
,
that
this
Northeast
passage
should
be
any
nerer
the
South
,
then
before
recited
,
for
then
it
shoulde
cut
of
Ciremissi
,
and
Turbi
,
Tartarij
,
with
Vzesucani
,
Chisani
,
and
others
from
the
Continent
of
Asia
,
which
are
knowen
to
be
adioyning
to
Scythia
,
Tartaria
,
&c.
with
the
other
part
of
the
same
Continent
.
And
if
there
were
any
thorough
passage
by
the
Northeast
,
yet
were
it
to
small
purpose
for
our
traffike
,
because
no
shippe
of
great
burden
,
can
Nauigate
in
so
shallowe
a
Sea
:
and
shippes
of
small
burden
are
very
vnfit
and
vnprofitable
,
especially
towardes
the
blusteringe
North
,
to
perfourme
suche
a
voyage
.
To
prooue
that
the
Indians
aforenamed
,
came
onely
by
the
Northwest
,
which
induceth
a
certeintie
of
our
passage
by
experience
.
Cap.
7.
IT
is
as
likely
,
that
they
came
by
the
Northwest
,
as
it
is
vnlikely
that
they
should
come
,
ether
by
the
Southeast
,
Southwest
,
Northeast
,
or
from
any
other
parte
of
Africa
,
or
America
,
and
therefore
this
Northwest
passage
,
hauing
bene
already
so
many
wayes
proued
,
by
disprouing
of
the
others
,
&c.
I
shal
the
lesse
nede
in
this
place
,
to
vse
many
wordes
otherwise
them
to
conclude
in
this
sort
,
That
they
came
onely
by
the
Northwest
from
England
:
hauinge
these
many
reasons
to
leade
mee
therunto
.
-
1
Firste
,
the
one
halfe
of
the
windes
of
the
compasse
,
might
bring
them
by
the
Northwest
,
vearinge
alwayes
betweene
two
sheats
,
with
which
kinde
of
saylinge
the
Indians
are
only
acquainted
,
not
hauing
any
vse
of
a
bowe
,
line
,
or
quarter
winde
,
without
the
which
no
ship
can
possibly
come
either
by
the
Southeast
,
Southwest
,
or
Northeast
,
hauing
so
many
sundrie
capes
to
double
,
whereunto
are
required
such
chaunge
and
shift
of
windes
.
-
2
And
it
seemeth
likely
,
that
they
should
come
by
the
Northwest
,
because
the
Coast
whereon
they
were
driuen
,
lay
East
from
this
our
passage
,
True
,
both
in
ventis
obliquè
flantibus
as
also
,
in
ventis
ex
diametro
spirantibus
.
And
all
windes
,
do
naturally
driue
a
Shippe
to
an
opposite
point
,
from
whence
it
bloweth
,
not
beeing
otherwise
guided
by
Art
,
which
the
Indians
do
vtterly
want
.
And
therefore
it
seemeth
,
that
they
came
directly
thorowe
this
our
fret
,
which
they
might
doe
with
one
winde
.
-
3
For
if
they
had
come
by
Cap.
de
buona
Speranca
,
then
must
they
(
as
aforesaid
)
haue
fallen
vpon
the
South
partes
of
America
.
-
4
And
if
by
the
fret
of
Magellan
,
then
vpon
the
coastes
of
Afrik
,
Spaine
,
Portingal
,
Fraunce
,
Ireland
,
or
England
.
-
5
And
if
by
the
Northeast
,
then
vpon
the
coasts
of
Cerecinissi●
Tartarij
,
Lappia
,
Island
,
Terra
de
Labrador
,
&c.
&
vpon
these
coasts
,
(
aforesaid
)
they
haue
neuer
bene
found
.
So
that
by
all
likelyhood
,
they
coulde
neuer
haue
come
,
without
shipwracke
,
vppon
the
coasts
of
Germanie
,
if
they
had
first
striken
vpon
the
coastes
of
so
manie
countreys
,
wanting
both
Art
and
shipping
,
to
make
orderly
discouerie
:
and
altogether
ignorant
both
in
the
Art
of
Nauigation
,
&
also
of
the
Rockes
,
Flats
,
Sands
,
or
Hauens
of
those
parts
of
the
world
,
which
in
most
of
these
places
are
plentifull
.
-
6
And
further
it
seemeth
very
likely
,
that
the
inhabitants
of
the
most
parte
of
those
countries
,
by
which
they
must
haue
come
,
any
other
way
besides
,
by
the
Northwest
,
being
for
the
most
part
Anthropophagi
,
or
men
eaters
,
woulde
haue
deuoured
them
,
slaine
them
,
or
(
at
the
leaste
wise
)
kept
them
as
wonders
for
the
gaze
.
So
that
it
plainly
appeareth
,
that
those
Indians
(
which
,
as
you
haue
heard
,
in
sundrie
ages
were
driuen
by
tempest
,
vpon
the
shore
of
Germanie
)
came
onely
through
our
Northwest
passage
.
-
7
Moreouer
,
the
passage
is
certeinely
prooued
,
by
a
Nauigation
that
a
Portingal
made
,
who
passed
thorow
this
fret
:
giuing
name
to
a
Promontorie
far
within
the
same
,
calling
it
after
his
owne
name
,
Promontoria
Corterialis
,
neere
adioyning
vnto
Polisacus
fluui●s
.
-
8
Also
one
Scolmus
a
Dane
,
entred
and
passed
a
great
part
thereof
.
-
9
Also
there
was
one
Salua
Terra
,
a
Gentleman
of
Victoria
,
in
Spaine
,
that
came
by
chaunce
out
of
the
West
Indians
,
into
Ireland
,
Anno
,
1568.
who
affirmed
the
Northwest
passage
from
vs
to
Cataia
,
constantly
to
be
beleeued
in
America
,
Nauigable
.
And
further
said
,
in
the
presence
of
S.
Henry
Sidney
(
the
Lord
Deputie
of
Ireland
)
in
my
hearing
,
that
a
Frier
of
Mexico
,
called
Andro
Vrdaneta
,
more
then
viij
.
yeares
,
before
his
then
comming
into
Ireland
,
tolde
him
there
,
that
he
came
from
Mare
de
Sur
into
Germanie
,
through
this
Northwest
passage
,
&
shewed
Salua
Terra
(
at
that
time
beeing
then
with
him
in
Mexico
)
a
Sea
Carde
made
by
his
owne
experience
,
and
trauel
,
in
that
voyage
:
wherin
was
plainly
set
downe
and
described
,
this
Northwest
passage
:
agreeing
in
al
pointes
with
Hortelius
Mappe
.
And
further
,
this
Frier
,
tolde
the
King
of
Portingal
,
(
as
he
returned
by
that
countrey
homewarde
)
that
there
was
(
of
certaintie
)
suche
a
passage
,
Northwest
from
England
,
and
that
he
ment
to
publishe
the
same
:
which
done
,
the
King
most
earnestly
desired
him
,
not
in
any
wise
to
disclose
,
or
make
the
passage
knowen
to
any
Nation
:
For
that
(
said
the
King
)
If
England
had
knowledge
,
The
wordes
of
the
King
of
Portingal
,
to
Andro
Vrdaneta
a
Frier
,
touchinge
the
concealing
of
this
Northwest
passage
From
England
to
Cataia
.
and
experience
thereof
,
it
would
greatly
hinder
both
the
King
of
Spaine
,
and
me
.
This
Frier
(
as
Salua
Terra
reported
)
was
the
greatest
Discouerer
by
sea
,
that
hath
bene
in
our
age
.
Also
Salua
Terra
,
beinge
perswaded
,
of
this
passage
by
the
Frier
Vrdaneta
,
and
by
the
common
opinion
of
the
Spaniardes
,
inhabiting
America
,
offered
most
willingly
to
accompanie
me
in
this
Discouerie
:
which
of
like
hee
woulde
not
haue
done
,
if
he
had
stoode
in
doubt
thereof
.
And
now
as
these
moderne
experiences
,
cannot
be
impugned
:
So
,
least
it
might
be
obiected
,
that
these
thinges
(
gathered
out
of
auncient
writers
,
An
Obiection
which
wrote
so
many
yeres
past
)
might
serue
little
to
proue
this
passage
,
by
the
North
of
America
,
because
both
America
and
India
,
were
to
them
then
vtterly
vnknowen
to
remoue
this
doubt
,
let
this
suffise
:
Aristotle
.
lib.
de
mundo
,
cap.
secund.
That
Aristotle
,
(
who
was
300.
yeres
before
Christ
)
named
Mare
Indicum
.
Also
Berosus
Berosus
lib.
5.
(
who
liued
330
yeres
before
Christ
)
hath
these
words
,
e
Ganges
in
India
.
Also
in
the
first
Chapter
of
Hester
be
these
words
,
In
the
dayes
of
Assuerus
which
ruled
from
India
,
to
AEthiopia
:
which
Assuerus
liued
580
yeres
before
christ
.
Also
Quintus
Curtius
(
where
he
speaketh
of
the
Conquests
of
Alexander
)
mencioneth
India
.
Also
,
Arianus
Philostratus
,
&
Sidrach
in
his
discourses
of
the
warres
of
the
king
of
Bactria
,
&
of
Garaab
,
who
had
the
most
part
of
India
vnder
his
gouernment
.
Al
which
assureth
vs
,
that
both
India
,
and
Indians
were
knowen
in
those
dayes
.
These
things
considered
,
we
may
(
in
my
opinion
)
not
only
assure
our selues
of
this
passage
,
by
the
Northwest
,
but
also
that
it
is
nauigable
,
both
to
come
&
goe
,
as
hath
beene
proued
in
part
&
in
al
,
by
the
experience
of
diuers
,
as
Sebastian
Gabota
,
Corterialis
,
the
three
brethren
aboue
named
,
the
Indians
,
and
Vrdaneta
the
Frier
of
Mexico
,
&c.
And
yet
notwithstanding
al
which
,
there
be
some
that
haue
a
better
hope
of
this
passage
to
Cataia
,
by
the
Northeast
,
then
by
the
west
:
whose
reasons
,
with
my
seuerall
answers
,
ensue
in
the
Chapter
following
.
Certaine
reasons
,
alledged
for
the
prouing
of
a
passage
by
the
Northeast
,
before
the
Queenes
Maiestie
,
and
certaine
Lordes
of
the
Counsell
,
with
my
seuerall
answeres
,
then
vsed
to
the
same
.
Cap.
8.
BEcause
you
may
vnderstande
,
aswell
those
thinges
alledged
against
me
,
as
what
doth
serue
for
my
purpose
,
I
haue
here
added
the
reasons
of
a
worthy
Gentleman
,
and
a
great
traueller
,
who
conceiued
a
better
hope
of
the
passage
to
Cataia
,
from
vs
,
to
bee
by
the
Northeast
,
then
by
the
Northwest
:
whom
I
haue
not
named
in
this
place
,
because
I
seeke
to
impngne
his
opinions
,
as
followeth
.
The
Northwest
Passage
assented
vnto
.
He
first
said
,
that
he
thought
not
to
the
contrarie
,
but
that
there
was
a
passage
by
the
Northwest
,
according
to
mine
opinion
:
But
assured
he
was
,
that
there
might
be
founde
a
Nauigable
passage
,
by
the
Northeast
from
England
,
to
go
to
al
the
East
partes
of
the
worlde
:
which
he
endeuoured
to
prooue
three
wayes
.
The
first
was
,
The
first
reason
.
that
he
heard
a
fisherman
of
Tartaria
say
,
in
hunting
the
Morce
,
that
he
sayled
very
far
towards
the
Southeast
,
The
Morce
,
is
a
kinde
of
fish
which
the
Tartarians
do
often
hunt
by
water
&
greatly
seeke
to
kil
finding
no
ende
of
the
Sea
:
whereby
hee
hoped
a
thorowe
passage
to
bee
that
way
.
Whereunto
I
answered
,
that
the
Tartarians
were
a
barbarous
people
,
The
answere
,
or
resolution
.
and
vtterly
ignorant
in
the
Art
of
Nauigation
,
not
knowing
the
vse
of
the
sea
,
Carde
,
compasse
,
or
starre
,
which
he
confessed
true
:
and
therefore
they
coulde
not
(
saide
I
)
certainly
know
the
Southeast
,
from
the
Northeast
,
in
a
wide
sea
,
and
a
place
vnknowen
,
from
the
sight
of
the
land
.
Or
if
he
sailed
any
thing
nere
the
shore
,
yet
he
(
being
ignorant
)
might
be
deceiued
by
the
doubling
of
many
points
&
Capes
,
and
by
the
trending
of
the
land
:
Albeit
he
kept
continually
alongst
the
shore
.
And
further
,
it
might
be
,
that
the
poore
fisherman
through
simplicitie
,
thought
that
there
was
nothing
that
way
but
sea
,
because
he
saw
no
land
:
which
proofe
(
vnder
correction
)
giueth
smal
assurance
of
a
Nauigable
sea
by
the
Northeast
,
to
goe
round
about
the
worlde
,
For
that
he
iudged
by
the
eye
onely
,
seeinge
wee
in
this
out
cleare
ayre
doe
accompt
20
myles
a
ken
at
Sea
.
The
second
reason
or
allegation
.
His
second
reason
is
,
that
there
was
a
Vnicornes
horne
founde
vpon
the
coaste
of
Tartaria
,
which
could
not
come
(
saide
he
)
thither
,
by
any
other
meanes
,
then
with
the
Tides
,
through
some
fret
in
the
Northeast
of
Mare
Glaciale
,
there
being
no
Vnicorne
in
any
parte
of
Asia
,
sauing
in
India
,
&
Cataia
:
which
reason
(
in
my
simple
iudgement
)
forceth
as
litle
.
First
it
is
doubtful
,
whether
those
barbarous
Tartarians
doe
know
an
Vnicorns
horne
,
The
answere
,
or
resolution
.
ye
,
or
no
:
and
if
it
were
one
,
yet
it
is
not
credible
,
that
the
sea
could
haue
driuen
it
so
farre
,
being
of
such
nature
that
it
will
not
swimme
.
Also
the
Tydes
running
to
and
froe
,
would
haue
driuen
it
as
farre
backe
with
the
ebbe
,
as
it
brought
it
forwarde
with
the
fludde
.
There
is
also
a
beast
called
Asinus
Indicus
(
whose
horne
most
like
it
was
)
whiche
hath
but
one
horne
,
Lappia
,
Noruegia
,
Finmarke
,
&c.
as
Iacobus
Zeiglerus
writeth
,
in
his
historie
of
Scondia
.
And
as
Albertus
saith
,
His
thirde
and
last
reason
was
,
The
thirde
and
last
reason
or
Assertion
.
Colmaxes
are
a
people
inhabiting
the
North
part
of
Asia
.
that
there
came
a
continual
streame
,
or
currant
through
Mare
Glaciale
,
of
such
swiftnesse
(
as
a
Colmax
tolde
him
)
that
if
you
cast
any
thing
therin
,
it
would
presently
be
caried
out
of
sight
,
towards
the
West
.
Wherunto
I
answered
,
The
answere
,
or
resolution
.
that
there
doth
the
like
from
Maeotis
Palus
,
by
Pontus
Euxinus
,
Sinus
,
Bosphorus
,
and
along
the
coaste
of
Graecia
,
&c.
As
it
is
affirmed
by
Contarenus
,
and
diuers
others
,
that
haue
had
experience
of
the
same
:
and
yet
that
sea
,
lieth
not
open
to
any
maine
sea
that
way
,
but
is
maintained
by
fresshets
,
as
by
Tanijs
,
Danubius
,
&c.
In
like
maner
is
this
currant
in
Mare
Glaciale
increased
,
and
maintained
,
by
the
Volgo
,
the
riuer
Oby
,
&c.
Now
as
I
haue
here
briefly
recited
the
reasons
alledged
,
to
prooue
a
passage
to
Cataia
,
by
the
Northeast
,
with
my
seuerall
answeres
thereunto
:
so
will
I
leaue
it
to
your
iudgement
,
to
hope
or
dispaire
of
either
,
at
your
pleasure
.
¶
How
that
the
passage
by
the
Northwest
,
is
more
commodious
for
our
traffik
,
then
the
other
by
the
East
:
if
there
were
any
such
.
Cap.
9.
1
FIRST
,
by
the
Northeaste
(
if
your
windes
doe
not
giue
you
a
marueylous
speedie
,
and
luckie
passage
)
you
are
in
daunger
(
being
so
nere
the
Pole
)
to
be
benighted
,
almost
the
one
halfe
of
the
yeare
,
and
what
miserie
and
daunger
that
were
,
to
liue
so
long
comfortlesse
,
voyde
of
light
,
(
if
the
colde
killed
you
not
)
eche
man
of
reason
or
vnderstanding
may
iudge
.
2
Also
Mangia
,
Quingit
,
and
the
Mollucoae
,
are
neerer
vnto
vs
by
the
Northwest
,
then
by
the
Northeast
,
more
then
2/5
parts
which
is
almost
by
the
halfe
.
3
Also
wee
may
haue
by
the
West
,
a
yerely
returne
,
it
being
at
al
times
Nauigable
,
wheras
you
haue
but
six
moneths
,
in
the
whole
yere
,
to
goe
by
the
Northeast
:
the
passage
beinge
at
such
eleuation
,
as
it
is
formerly
expressed
,
for
it
cannot
be
any
neerer
the
South
.
4
Furthermore
,
it
cannot
be
finished
without
diuers
wintrings
by
the
way
,
hauing
no
hauens
in
any
temperate
Climate
,
to
harbour
in
ther.
For
it
is
as
much
as
we
can
well
sayle
,
from
hence
to
S.
Nicholas
,
in
the
trade
of
Muscouia
,
and
return
in
the
Nauigable
season
of
the
yeare
,
and
from
S.
Nicholas
to
Cerimissi
Tartarij
,
which
standeth
at
80
degrees
of
the
Septentrional
latitude
,
it
is
at
the
least
400
Leagues
,
which
amounteth
scarce
to
the
thirde
part
of
the
way
,
to
the
ende
of
your
voyage
by
the
Northeast
.
5
And
yet
after
you
haue
doubled
this
Cape
,
if
then
there
might
be
found
a
nauigable
sea
,
to
cary
you
Southeast
,
according
to
your
desire
,
yet
can
you
not
winter
conueniently
,
vntil
you
come
to
60
degrees
,
&
to
take
vp
one
degree
running
Southeast
,
you
must
sayle
24
leagues
¾
which
amounteth
to
495
leagues
.
6
Furthermore
,
you
may
by
the
Northwest
,
saile
thither
with
al
Easterly
winds
,
&
returne
with
any
westerly
windes
,
wheras
you
must
haue
by
the
Northeast
sundrie
windes
,
&
those
proper
,
accordinge
to
the
lying
of
the
coastes
and
capes
,
you
shal
be
inforced
to
double
,
which
windes
are
not
alwayes
to
be
had
,
when
they
are
looked
for
:
wherby
your
iourney
should
be
greatly
prolonged
,
and
hardly
endured
so
nere
the
Pole.
As
we
are
taught
by
Sir
Hugh
Wiloughbie
,
who
was
frosen
to
death
far
nerer
the
South
.
7
Moreouer
,
it
is
very
doubtfull
,
whether
we
should
long
inioy
that
trade
by
the
Northeast
,
if
there
were
any
such
passage
that
way
,
the
commodities
therof
once
knowen
to
the
Muscouite
,
what
priuelege
soeuer
he
hath
graunted
,
seeing
policie
with
the
Maze
of
excessiue
gaine
,
to
the
enriching
(
so
greatly
)
of
himselfe
and
all
his
dominions
,
would
persuade
him
to
resume
the
same
,
hauing
so
great
opportunitie
,
to
vtter
the
commodities
of
those
countreys
by
the
Narue
.
But
by
the
Northwest
,
wee
may
safely
trade
without
daunger
,
or
anoyance
,
of
any
prince
liuing
,
Christian
,
or
heathen
,
it
being
out
of
al
their
trades
.
8
Also
the
Queenes
Maiesties
dominions
,
are
nerer
the
Northwest
passage
,
them
any
other
great
princes
that
might
passe
that
way
,
and
both
in
their
going
and
returne
,
they
must
of
necessitie
succour
themselues
and
their
shippes
,
vpon
some
parte
of
the
same
,
if
any
tempestious
weather
shoulde
happen
.
Further
,
no
Princes
Nauie
of
the
world
,
is
able
to
encounter
the
Queenes
Maiesties
Nauie
,
as
it
is
at
this
present
:
and
yet
it
should
be
greatly
increased
,
by
the
traffike
ensuing
vpon
this
discouerie
,
for
it
is
the
long
voyages
,
that
increase
and
maintaine
great
shipping
.
Now
it
seemeth
necessarie
,
to
declare
what
commodities
would
grow
thereby
,
if
al
these
things
were
,
as
we
haue
heretofore
presupposed
,
&
thought
them
to
be
:
which
next
adioyning
are
briefly
declared
.
¶
What
commodities
woulde
ensue
,
this
passage
once
discouered
.
Cap.
10.
1
FIrst
,
it
were
the
onely
way
for
our
princes
,
to
possesse
the
welth
of
all
the
East
partes
(
as
they
tearme
them
)
of
the
worlde
,
which
is
infinite
:
as
appeareth
by
the
experience
of
Alexander
the
great
,
in
the
time
of
his
conquest
of
India
,
and
other
the
East
partes
of
the
worlde
,
alledged
by
Quintus
Curtius
,
which
would
be
a
great
aduauncement
to
our
Countrie
,
wonderfull
inriching
to
our
Prince
,
and
vnspeakeable
commodities
to
all
the
inhabitants
of
Europe
.
2
For
through
the
shortnesse
of
the
voyage
,
we
should
be
able
to
sell
all
maner
of
Merchandize
,
brought
from
thence
,
far
better
cheape
,
then
either
the
Portingal
,
or
Spaniarde
doth
,
or
may
doe
:
And
further
,
share
with
the
Portingal
in
the
East
,
&
the
Spaniarde
in
the
West
,
by
trading
to
any
part
of
America
,
through
Mare
de
Sur
,
wher
they
can
no
maner
of
way
offend
vs
.
3
Also
we
may
saile
to
diuers
marueilous
riche
Countries
,
both
Ciuil
and
others
,
out
of
both
their
iurisdictions
,
trades
&
traffiks
,
where
ther
is
to
be
found
great
aboundance
of
gold
,
siluer
,
precious
stones
,
Cloth
of
golde
,
silkes
,
all
maner
of
Spices
,
Grocery
wares
,
and
other
kindes
of
Merchandize
,
of
an
inestimable
price
:
which
both
the
Spaniarde
,
and
Portingal
,
through
the
length
of
their
iourneys
,
can
not
well
attaine
vnto
.
4
Also
we
might
inhabite
some
parte
of
those
Countreys
,
and
settle
there
suche
needie
people
of
our
Countrie
,
which
now
trouble
the
common
welth
,
and
through
want
here
at
home
,
are
inforced
to
commit
outragious
offences
,
whereby
they
are
dayly
consumed
with
the
Gallowes
.
5
Moreouer
,
we
might
from
all
the
aforesaid
places
,
haue
a
yerely
retourne
,
inhabiting
for
our
staple
some
conuenient
place
of
America
,
about
Sierra
Neuada
,
or
some
other
part
,
wheras
it
shal
seeme
best
for
the
shortening
of
the
voyage
.
6
Beside
the
vttering
of
our
Countrie
commodities
,
which
the
Indians
,
&c.
much
esteeme
:
as
appeareth
in
Hester
where
the
pompe
is
expressed
,
Hester
.
cap.
1.
of
the
great
King
of
India
,
Assuerus
,
who
matched
the
coloured
clothes
,
wherewith
his
houses
and
tents
,
were
apparelled
,
with
golde
and
siluer
,
as
part
of
his
greatest
treasure
:
not
mencioning
either
veluets
,
silkes
,
cloth
of
golde
,
cloth
of
siluer
,
or
suche
like
,
being
in
those
countreys
most
plentiful
:
wherby
it
plainly
appeareth
,
in
what
great
estimation
,
they
woulde
haue
the
clothes
of
this
our
countrey
,
so
that
there
would
be
founde
a
farre
better
vent
for
them
,
by
this
means
,
then
yet
this
realme
euer
had
:
and
that
without
depending
,
either
vpon
Fraunce
,
Spaine
,
Flaunders
,
Portingal
,
Hamborowe
,
Emdem
,
or
any
other
part
of
Europe
.
7
Also
,
hereby
we
shall
increase
,
both
our
shippes
,
and
mariners
,
without
burdening
of
the
state
.
8
And
also
haue
occasion
,
to
set
poore
mens
children
,
to
learne
handie
craftes
,
&
therby
to
make
trifles
and
such
like
,
which
the
Indians
and
those
people
doe
muche
esteeme
:
By
reason
whereof
,
there
should
be
none
occasion
,
to
haue
our
countrey
combred
with
loyterers
,
vagabonds
,
and
such
like
idle
persons
.
All
these
commodities
would
growe
,
by
following
this
our
Discouerie
,
without
iniurie
done
to
any
Christian
prince
,
by
crossing
them
in
any
of
their
vsed
trades
,
whereby
they
might
take
any
iust
occasion
of
offence
.
Thus
haue
I
briefly
shewed
you
,
some
part
of
the
groundes
of
mine
opinion
,
trusting
that
you
wil
no
longer
iudge
me
fantastike
in
this
matter
:
seeing
I
haue
conceiued
no
hope
of
this
voyage
,
but
am
persuaded
thereunto
,
by
the
best
Cosmographers
of
our
age
,
the
same
being
confirmed
,
both
by
reason
and
certaine
experiences
.
Also
this
discouerie
,
hath
bene
diuers
times
heretofore
by
others
,
both
offered
attempted
,
and
perfourmed
.
It
hath
bene
offred
by
Stephen
Gomes
vnto
Carolus
the
fifth
Emperour
,
in
the
yere
of
our
Lord
God
1527.
as
Alphonso
Vlloa
testifieth
,
in
the
story
of
Carolus
life
:
who
would
haue
set
him
forth
in
it
(
as
the
storie
mencioneth
)
if
the
great
want
of
money
,
by
reason
of
his
long
warres
,
had
not
caused
him
to
surcesse
the
same
.
And
the
King
of
Portingal
,
fearing
lest
the
Emperour
woulde
haue
perseuered
in
this
his
enterprise
,
gaue
him
,
to
leaue
the
matter
vnattempted
,
This
discouerie
offered
.
the
sum
of
350000
Crownes
:
and
it
is
to
be
intended
that
the
King
of
Portingal
,
would
not
haue
giuen
to
the
Emperour
,
such
summes
of
money
for
egges
in
mooneshine
.
It
hath
bene
attempted
by
Corterialis
the
Portingal
,
This
discouerie
attempted
.
Scolmus
the
Dane
,
and
by
Sebastian
Gabota
,
in
the
time
of
King
Henry
the
seuenth
.
And
it
hath
beene
perfourmed
,
This
discouerie
perfourmed
.
by
the
three
brethren
,
the
Indians
aforesaide
,
and
by
Vrdaneta
,
the
Frier
of
Mexico
.
Also
diuers
haue
offered
the
like
,
vnto
the
Frenche
King
,
who
hath
sent
two
or
three
times
to
haue
discouered
the
same
.
The
discouerers
,
spending
&
consuming
their
victuals
,
in
searching
the
gulfes
,
&
bayes
,
betweene
Florida
,
and
Terra
de
Labrador
,
whereby
the
Ise
is
broken
to
the
after
commers
.
So
that
the
right
way
,
may
now
easily
be
founde
out
,
in
short
time
:
and
that
with
litle
ioperdie
and
lesse
expences
.
For
America
is
discouered
,
so
farre
towards
the
North
as
Cape
Fredo
,
which
is
at
62
degrees
,
and
that
part
of
Grondland
next
adioyning
,
The
labour
of
this
discouerie
shortened
by
other
mens
trauel
.
is
knowen
to
stand
but
at
72.
So
that
we
haue
but
10
degrees
,
to
sayle
North
and
South
,
to
put
the
worlde
out
of
doubt
hereof
:
and
it
is
likely
,
that
the
King
of
Spaine
,
and
the
King
of
Portingal
,
would
not
haue
sate
out
al
this
while
,
but
that
they
are
sure
to
possesse
to
themselues
,
all
that
trade
they
now
vse
,
and
feare
to
deale
in
this
Discouerie
,
least
the
Queenes
Maiestie
,
hauing
so
good
opportunitie
,
and
finding
the
commoditie
,
which
thereby
might
ensue
to
the
common
welth
:
woulde
cutte
them
of
,
and
enioye
the
whole
traffique
to
her selfe
,
and
thereby
the
Spaniardes
and
Portingals
,
with
their
great
charges
,
Why
the
king
of
Spaine
and
Portingal
would
not
perseuer
in
this
discouerie
.
should
but
beate
the
bushe
,
and
other
men
catche
the
birds
:
which
thinge
they
foreseeing
,
haue
commaunded
,
that
no
Pylate
of
theirs
,
vpon
payne
of
death
,
shoulde
seeke
to
discouer
to
the
Northwest
,
or
platte
out
in
any
sea
carde
,
any
thorowe
passage
that
way
,
by
the
Northwest
.
Now
,
and
if
you
wil
indifferently
,
compare
the
hope
that
remaineth
,
to
animate
me
to
this
enterprise
,
with
those
likelihoodes
which
Columbus
alledged
before
Ferdinando
,
the
King
of
Castilia
,
to
prooue
that
there
were
such
Ilands
in
the
west
Ocean
,
as
were
after
,
by
him
and
others
discouered
,
to
the
great
commoditie
of
Spaine
and
all
the
worlde
:
you
will
thinke
then
this
Northwest
passage
,
to
be
most
worthy
trauell
therein
.
For
Columbus
had
none
of
the
west
Ilands
set
forth
vnto
him
,
either
in
globe
,
or
card
,
neither
yet
once
mencioned
of
any
writer
,
(
Plato
excepted
,
and
the
commentaries
vpon
the
same
)
from
942
yeres
before
Christ
,
vntil
that
day
.
Moreouer
,
Columbus
himself
,
had
neither
seene
America
or
any
other
of
the
Ilands
about
it
,
neither
vnderstoode
he
of
them
,
by
the
report
of
any
other
that
had
seene
than
,
but
onely
conforted
himself
with
this
hope
,
that
the
land
had
a
beginninge
,
where
the
sea
had
an
ending
:
For
as
touching
that
,
which
the
Spaniards
doe
write
of
a
Biscaine
,
which
shuld
haue
taught
hiim
the
way
thither
,
it
is
thought
to
be
imagined
of
them
,
to
depriue
Columbus
of
his
honour
,
beeing
none
of
their
countrey
men
,
but
a
stranger
borne
.
And
if
it
were
true
of
the
Biscaine
,
yet
did
he
but
roue
at
the
matter
,
or
(
at
the
least
)
gathered
the
knowledge
of
it
,
by
coniectures
onely
.
And
albeit
,
my selfe
haue
not
seene
this
passage
,
or
any
part
thereof
,
but
am
ignorant
of
it
as
touching
experience
,
(
as
Columbus
was
before
his
attempt
made
)
yet
haue
I
,
both
the
report
,
relation
,
and
authoritie
,
of
diuers
most
credible
men
,
which
haue
both
seene
and
passed
through
some
,
and
euerie
part
of
this
discouerie
:
besides
sundrie
reasons
,
for
my
assurance
thereof
:
all
which
Columbus
wanted
.
These
things
considered
,
and
indifferently
wayed
together
,
with
the
wonderful
commodities
which
this
discouerie
may
bring
,
especially
to
this
realme
of
England
:
I
must
needes
conclude
with
Hieronimus
Fracastorius
,
&
diuers
other
learned
men
,
who
said
,
that
this
discouerie
hath
beene
reserued
,
for
some
noble
Prince
,
or
worthy
man
,
therby
to
make
himselfe
rich
,
&
the
world
happie
:
desiringe
you
to
accept
in
good
part
,
this
briefe
and
simple
discourse
,
written
in
hast
,
which
if
I
may
perceiue
,
that
it
shal
not
sufficiently
satisfie
you
in
this
behalfe
,
I
will
then
imparte
vnto
you
a
large
discourse
,
which
I
haue
written
only
of
this
discouerie
.
And
further
,
because
it
sufficeth
not
,
onely
to
know
that
such
a
thing
there
is
,
without
abilitie
to
perfourme
the
same
,
I
wil
at
more
leasure
make
you
partaker
,
of
another
simple
discourse
of
Nauigation
,
wherein
I
haue
not
a
litle
trauelled
,
to
make
my selfe
as
sufficient
,
to
bring
these
things
to
effect
,
as
I
haue
bene
readie
to
offer
my selfe
therein
.
And
therein
I
haue
deuised
to
amende
the
errours
of
vsuall
sea
cardes
,
whose
common
fault
is
,
to
make
the
degrees
of
longitude
,
in
euerie
latitude
,
of
one
like
bignes
.
And
haue
also
deuised
therein
,
a
Spherical
instrument
,
with
a
compasse
of
variation
,
for
the
perfect
knowing
of
the
longitude
.
And
a
precise
order
to
prick
the
sea
carde
,
together
with
certaine
infallible
rules
for
the
shortening
of
any
discouerie
,
to
know
at
the
first
entring
of
any
fret
,
whether
it
lye
open
to
the
Ocean
,
more
wayes
then
one
,
how
farre
soeuer
the
sea
stretcheth
it selfe
,
into
the
land
.
Desiring
you
hereafter
,
neuer
to
mislike
with
me
,
for
the
taking
in
hand
of
any
laudable
and
honest
enterprise
,
for
if
through
pleasure
or
idlenes
we
purchase
shame
,
the
pleasure
vanisheth
,
but
the
shame
remaineth
for
euer
.
And
therefore
to
giue
me
leaue
without
offence
,
alwayes
to
liue
and
die
in
this
minde
,
That
he
is
not
worthie
to
liue
at
all
,
that
for
feare
,
or
daunger
of
death
,
shunneth
his
countrey
seruice
,
and
his
owne
honour
.
seeing
death
is
ineuitable
,
and
the
fame
of
vertue
immortall
.
Wherfore
in
this
behalfe
,
Mutare
vel
timere
sperno
.
FINIS
.