The
Composition
or
making
of
the
moste
excellent
and
pretious
Oil
called
Oleum
Magistrale
.
First
published
by
the
commaundement
of
the
King
of
Spain
,
with
the
maner
how
to
apply
it
particulerly
.
The
which
Oyl
cureth
these
disseases
folowing
.
That
is
to
say
,
Wounds
Contusions
,
Hargubush
shot
,
Cankerꝭ
,
pain
of
the
Raines
,
Apostumes
,
Hemerhoids
,
olde
Vlcers
,
pain
of
the
Ioints
and
Gout
,
and
indifferently
all
maner
of
disseases
.
Also
the
third
book
of
Galen
of
curing
of
pricks
and
wounds
of
Sinowes
.
A
method
for
curing
of
wounds
in
the
ioynts
,
and
the
maner
how
to
place
them
.
A
breef
gathering
togither
of
certain
errours
which
the
common
Chirurgians
dayly
vse
.
Very
profitable
and
necessary
for
all
Chirurgians
&
all
other
which
are
desirous
to
knowe
the
right
method
of
curing
.
Faithfully
gathered
and
translated
into
English
by
George
Baker
Chirurgian
.
1574.
de Vere coat of arms
VERO
NIHIL
VERIVS
¶
TO
THE
RIGHT
honourable
Edward
de
Vere
Earle
of
Oxford
,
Vicount
Bulbeck
,
Lord
of
Escales
and
Badlesmere
and
Lord
great
Chamberlain
of
England
,
his
singuler
good
Lord
and
maister
,
George
Baker
wisheth
helth
,
long
life
with
much
increace
of
vertue
&
honor
.
IT
IS
NOT
vnknowene
to
any
(
right
honorable
)
which
haue
beene
but
meanly
conuersant
in
good
learning
,
how
far
the
Gretians
did
surmount
all
the
nations
of
the
world
in
renown
of
vertue
,
learning
,
politique
gouernment
and
noble
victoryes
.
For
what
nation
dooth
not
reuerence
their
sages
?
what
people
dooth
not
imbrace
their
studyes
?
what
Cittie
dooth
not
desire
their
gouernment
?
what
prouince
was
not
subiect
to
their
Empire
?
yea
was
not
Grecia
the
Theatre
,
Spectacle
and
light
of
the
whole
world
?
were
there
not
in
it
many
famouse
Citties
whose
peple
&
inhabitants
for
ciuilitie
,
whose
lawes
for
policy
,
whose
edifices
for
magnificence
might
seem
Angelicall
,
deuine
,
and
celestiall
?
as
Athens
and
Thebes
.
&c.
But
none
more
famouse
than
the
Cittie
of
Sparta
,
whiche
by
the
space
of
vij
.
c.
yeeres
excelled
all
the
Cities
of
Grecia
when
they
moste
florished
,
both
in
renown
of
glory
and
equitie
of
lawes
,
&
when
they
were
subdued
:
this
one
cittie
Sparta
by
defending
them selues
from
forain
inuasion
atchiued
more
honor
then
whole
Graecia
did
euer
win
by
enlarging
their
Empire
.
For
when
Philip
of
Macedonia
(
in
his
conquest
of
those
Ilandish
Cuntreyes
and
his
sonne
Alexander
after
him
at
the
winning
of
Thebes
(
were
proclamed
Emperours
of
Sea
and
land
,
the
Spartanes
consented
not
therto
nor
would
be
come
tributoryes
.
What
should
be
the
cause
that
this
one
Citie
should
lesse
fear
the
force
of
Alexander
then
all
other
?
how
became
it
so
inexpugnable
?
was
it
so
strongly
fortified
with
walles
and
Bulwarks
and
warlike
munition
?
not
at
all
.
The
courage
of
the
Citizens
was
their
onely
wall
of
defence
.
Did
the
name
of
Hercules
(
whose
progenie
they
were
)
defend
them
?
nay
rather
the
good
counsail
of
Licurgus
made
them
invincible
?
who
among
other
things
exhorted
them
to
indeuer
to
excel
the
whole
world
in
renown
of
vertue
and
glory
of
valiantnes
as
their
proginitour
Hercules
did
,
whiche
if
they
did
not
:
it
were
but
vain
to
vaunt
of
their
petydegree
.
Can
it
be
said
that
the
multitude
of
Citizens
made
them
strong
that
when
by
continuall
warre
the
number
was
greatly
diminished
and
their
force
much
wekened
?
Surely
by
concord
they
were
preserued
.
Such
is
the
strength
that
the
obseruation
of
good
lawes
doth
bring
to
common welths
,
such
frutes
,
kindely
braunches
(
not
degenerating
from
a
vertuous
stock
)
do
yeeld
,
such
commodyties
proceed
from
vertue
,
and
contrary
effects
from
contrary
causes
as
may
appeer
in
those
same
Lacedemonians
which
afterwards
by
degeneration
were
brought
to
the
like
thraldome
that
their
neighbours
were
in
,
beeing
at
length
more
ashamed
,
then
proud
of
their
pety
degree
,
more
fearful
,
than
glad
of
their
long
resistance
.
Such
alteration
folowed
the
chaunge
of
gouernment
when
no
iot
of
Licurgus
lawes
,
nor
any
other
steps
of
their
proginitors
vertues
remained
among
them
,
but
eche
man
neglected
his
othe
giuen
to
the
common
welth
,
eche
man
as
he
was
able
most
to
prevail
exercised
tirany
ouer
his
owne
Citizens
,
eche
man
accounted
that
libertie
to
doo
what
liked
him
,
to
liue
riotously
and
licentiously
,
eche
man
studied
to
enrich
himself
,
to
fortifye
his
owne
house
and
to
fether
his
owne
nest
.
But
in
the
mene
time
the
strength
of
the
common
welth
decayed
and
their
forrain
enemyes
increaced
,
and
at
length
they
found
by
experience
how
pernitious
a
thing
it
is
to
abrogate
good
lawes
,
to
chaunge
the
countenaunce
of
a
wel
gouerned
state
.
To
race
out
the
memory
of
their
noble
progenitors
.
Which
example
(
right
Honorable
)
I
wish
to
be
marked
of
all
noble
families
and
famouse
Cities
,
that
therin
they
may
consider
that
by
vertue
they
are
preserued
and
by
degeneration
they
fall
.
Yet
doo
I
not
wright
these
things
to
your
honor
by
the
way
of
exhortation
:
but
rather
as
a
testimony
of
that
which
is
alredy
apparant
to
all
men
,
namely
to
your
honors
study
carefully
to
ioyne
the
commendation
of
vertue
with
your
nobilitie
of
blood
and
linage
,
whose
desire
it
is
(
with
noble
Themistocles
)
so
to
aduaunce
the
glory
of
your
cuntrey
(
wherby
your
owne
honor
is
the
more
excellent
)
that
no
barbarous
Siriphian
may
vpbraid
your
honor
as
though
it
depended
onely
of
the
nobilitie
of
your
country
and
family
,
when
as
if
opportunitie
would
serue
your
honor
I
dout
not
would
be
found
in
noble
attempts
and
valeant
acts
nothing
inferiour
to
Themistocles
.
In
the
meane
time
among
infinit
tokens
:
this
is
one
espetial
signe
of
your
honours
heroicall
minde
,
that
is
in
courage
,
actiuitie
and
Chiualry
,
you
your self
seek
to
expresse
Achilles
and
other
noble
personages
,
so
also
your
honor
doth
hartely
imbrace
all
suche
as
excel
in
any
worthy
vertue
,
whether
it
be
to
commend
&
adorne
her
with
her
semly
coulours
as
Homer
.
&c
or
to
attend
like
handmaids
on
her
as
Hipocrates
or
Galen
with
their
needful
art
of
Chirurgiry
,
neither
dooth
your
honor
suffer
them
to
passe
vnrewarded
,
as
may
appeer
by
the
moste
parte
of
them
which
your
honor
hath
entertaīed
into
your
seruice
as
I
myself
haue
had
experience
since
it
pleased
your
honor
to
entertain
me
(
though
farre
vnworthy
)
for
my
profession
in
the
art
of
Chirurgiry
since
the
which
time
I
haue
accounted
bothe
my self
and
all
my
labours
whatsoeuer
,
to
be
due
vnto
your
honor
.
So
that
if
by
continuall
study
I
might
happely
inuent
,
or
by
dayly
practise
in
the
art
of
Chirurgery
finde
out
any
mistery
which
other
before
me
had
not
obtaīed
.
I
was
fully
purposed
to
consecrat
and
dedicate
the
same
vnto
your
name
,
not
that
I
am
so
foolish
to
think
that
by
any
my
inuentions
&
labours
any
thing
shold
be
added
to
that
huge
hepe
of
your
heroycal
vertues
,
but
partly
because
(
as
I
haue
said
)
I
might
transfere
them
to
any
other
,
beeing
owing
vnto
your
honor
,
and
partely
because
the
renown
of
your
honours
name
might
obtaine
grace
for
my
boldnesse
,
and
bring
credit
to
my
labours
.
But
in
the
meane
time
till
I
shall
be
able
of
myne
owne
knowledge
to
ad
some
thing
to
the
perfection
of
the
Art
and
open
some
good
rule
to
the
releef
of
my
countreymen
:
I
haue
aduentured
to
interpret
one
small
work
of
the
fatherly
both
Phisition
and
Chirurgion
Galen
,
which
I
iudged
moste
necessary
for
our
time
,
hauing
ioyned
the
same
with
other
treatises
,
no
lesse
fruteful
then
profitable
.
Which
woork
although
it
agreeth
nether
with
the
dignity
of
your
noble
name
,
nor
paraduenture
is
answerable
to
your
honours
oppinion
and
expectaon
of
me
,
and
(
whiche
I
must
needs
confesse
)
is
superfluous
to
your
honour
,
who
can
bothe
read
and
vnderstand
the
same
in
the
first
tungs
wherein
the
Authors
haue
written
:
yet
be
cause
other
may
be
releued
therby
,
I
thought
I
might
bothe
easely
obtain
pardon
,
and
also
be
bolde
to
vse
your
honours
patronage
in
this
behalf
,
seeing
the
same
your
honours
curtesye
and
clemencye
is
vsually
extended
to
all
men
which
doth
not
vse
to
esteem
such
gifts
as
this
according
to
the
value
,
but
accepting
willingly
the
good
meaning
of
the
person
.
Thus
beseeching
your
honour
to
take
in
good
parte
this
testimony
of
my
thankfull
hart
suche
as
it
is
.
I
beseech
also
the
Immortall
God
to
vpholde
the
renown
of
your
Honours
name
in
the
noble
linage
of
your
noble
Progenitors
.
Your
Honours
humble
and
obedient
Seruant
George
Baker
.
To
the
Reader
.
THere
are
two
instruments
aswel
in
Surgery
as
in
all
other
Arts
whereby
a
man
is
directed
to
the
scope
or
purpose
which
he
intendeth
,
namely
reason
and
experience
.
Reason
is
occupyed
about
method
,
and
method
as
Galen
in
the
first
book
De
methode
medendi
teacheth
,
is
a
contrary
thing
to
experience
rashely
made
and
at
aduenture
,
and
procéedeth
a
sure
way
taking
iudications
of
the
complexion
of
the
body
,
of
the
nature
of
the
deseased
parte
,
of
the
causes
and
differences
of
the
diseases
and
so
orderly
passeth
from
iudication
to
iudication
applying
apt
remedyes
such
as
certain
experience
hath
taught
to
haue
vertue
correspondent
to
such
purpose
as
learned
method
prescribeth
,
til
at
length
helth
(
which
is
the
scope
and
end
of
the
art
)
be
obtained
.
By
this
discription
of
method
:
ye
may
sée
plainly
and
distinctly
the
vse
and
necessitie
bothe
of
reason
and
experience
,
but
héer
must
you
vnderstand
by
reason
such
learned
iudgement
as
procedeth
by
discretion
and
certain
knowledge
of
the
iudications
abooue
mentioned
,
and
afterwards
maketh
apt
choise
of
experiments
.
Experience
also
wherof
Galen
speaketh
is
a
thing
of
more
perfection
then
the
rude
obseruations
of
vndiscrete
pratisers
of
our
time
,
but
if
they
would
read
Galen
his
second
book
,
De
simplicium
medicamentorium
facultatibus
.
cap.
x.
they
should
learn
better
what
appertained
to
experience
how
they
try
and
examin
their
medicins
and
to
iudge
truely
of
their
vertues
.
And
reason
applyed
to
true
method
is
the
cause
of
certaintie
in
Phisick
or
Chirurgiry
,
so
on
the
other
parte
when
it
is
vsed
at
randon
without
discretion
and
not
deriued
from
true
iudication
but
as
fantasies
doo
féed
the
idle
brain
,
it
is
a
thing
(
as
Galen
witnesseth
)
ful
of
great
daunger
.
And
therfore
he
wished
the
vnlearned
practisers
of
his
time
rather
to
vse
the
experience
which
they
knew
warely
,
then
to
busy
them selues
with
deuising
euery
man
a
method
after
his
owne
way
,
which
thing
passed
their
capacitie
.
Such
was
the
method
of
Thessalus
before
Galens
time
,
and
such
is
the
method
of
Paracelsus
in
our
time
,
but
what
peril
did
insue
of
the
rash
method
of
Thessalus
:
is
by
Galen
in
sundry
places
declared
and
how
great
harme
hath
béene
doon
and
dayly
is
committed
by
the
Paracellistes
both
learned
Erastus
and
Desenius
with
others
doo
witnesse
by
their
writings
and
dayly
experience
it self
teacheth
.
And
although
the
common
practizers
doo
by
their
experience
he
le
many
diseases
:
yet
as
Galen
saith
in
the
same
first
Book
of
his
method
they
them selues
must
néeds
confesse
that
the
ende
of
their
labour
dependeth
vpon
the
pleasure
of
fortune
.
For
sithens
experience
is
but
the
obseruation
or
remembrance
of
the
successe
had
in
particuler
things
as
Galen
him self
defineth
it
,
and
that
neither
art
nor
science
consisteth
in
particularities
:
it
must
néeds
folow
the
naked
experience
maketh
no
art
.
And
then
for
asmuch
as
those
which
be
healed
are
healed
either
by
art
or
by
chaunce
,
then
it
must
néeds
folowe
that
those
which
cure
by
experience
without
method
:
doo
heal
by
chaunce
and
not
by
art
,
and
therfore
are
they
wel
termed
of
Galen
to
await
the
pleasure
of
Fortune
.
Thus
maist
thou
loouing
Reader
perceiue
what
great
difference
there
is
betwixt
him
that
cureth
artificially
obseruing
the
learned
method
and
order
:
and
the
vnskilful
practizer
which
after
some
fantastical
deuise
bred
in
the
braine
of
the
vnlearned
or
by
vndiscrete
experyence
procedeth
to
the
same
.
So
far
dooth
the
one
of
these
differ
from
the
other
,
as
light
from
darknes
,
knowledge
from
ignoraunce
,
order
from
confusion
,
and
to
conclude
:
certaintie
from
vncertaintie
or
blinde
chaunce
.
Now
let
the
sick
man
be
iudge
,
whether
is
for
him
the
more
safetie
tobe
heled
orderly
,
artificially
and
surely
:
or
to
depend
vpon
the
hasard
of
blinde
Fortune
,
happy
or
not
happy
,
at
aduenture
whether
yea
or
nay
.
But
if
ye
beleeue
Hipocrates
.
Age
re
foeliciter
est
agere
prudenter
et
agere
infoeliciter
est
agere
imprudenter
,
to
be
happy
is
to
be
skilful
,
and
to
deale
vnluckely
is
to
deale
vnskilfully
.
Therfore
haue
many
obseruations
of
the
dayly
practises
of
many
men
perceiuing
yea
almoste
dayly
great
errours
committed
in
many
things
concerning
mine
art
of
Chirurgery
for
lack
of
true
method
,
and
that
moste
of
all
in
the
wounds
of
ioints
and
Sinewes
or
Sinewy
,
or
musculous
places
whiche
require
peculter
&
distinct
method
&
order
of
cure
from
the
common
wounds
of
other
fleshly
places
,
and
the
same
béeing
more
painful
,
and
for
the
greatnes
of
the
accidents
which
folowe
them
béeing
of
far
more
daunger
doo
require
therefore
the
greater
care
&
more
artificiall
handling
then
any
other
.
I
haue
therfore
for
looue
I
bere
to
my
facultie
,
which
I
wish
void
of
infamy
,
and
for
the
harty
desire
I
bere
to
the
profit
of
such
as
be
hurt
and
diseased
,
indeuoured
to
set
foorth
some
thing
in
our
english
tung
,
as
those
which
are
willing
to
learn
:
might
therby
be
instructed
and
directed
to
the
true
method
and
trade
of
curing
the
said
wounds
of
Sinowes
.
&c.
And
as
Aristotle
requireth
in
Philosophy
:
the
same
I
think
also
in
Chirurgery
moste
necessary
.
Vt
exempla
sunt
non
chaerilia
sed
homerica
,
that
is
,
not
to
folowe
the
practise
of
bunglers
or
the
vnskilful
sort
,
but
to
learne
at
the
best
learned
.
Then
for
asmuch
as
Galen
by
the
Iudgement
of
the
learned
of
all
nations
hath
excelled
all
other
that
haue
writen
in
Phisick
but
cheefely
in
his
method
:
I
thought
good
to
translate
into
our
natiue
tung
,
his
third
Booke
of
the
composition
of
medicines
according
to
places
,
wherin
bothe
learned
&
abundantly
he
teacheth
the
curing
of
these
wounds
whiche
my
labour
taking
for
the
furtherance
of
such
as
be
willing
to
learne
to
doo
wel
,
if
it
be
on
thy
parte
(
moste
loouing
Reader
)
wel
accepted
:
I
haue
them
héerin
my
desire
as
for
the
wilful
ignorant
I
leaue
to
them selues
.
And
thus
beséeching
God
to
blesse
the
handy
woork
of
suche
as
faithfully
and
charitably
deale
in
the
affaires
of
the
sick
and
diseased
:
I
rest
to
trouble
thée
any
longer
from
the
reading
bothe
of
the
composition
of
the
moste
pretious
Oil
called
Oleum
Magistrale
:
and
also
of
Galen
him self
.
From
my
house
in
London
the
xv
.
of
Marche
1574.
The
Preface
to
the
Book
.
IN
the
Realme
of
Spain
there
inhabyted
a
people
called
in
the
Spanish
tung
Moriscus
,
of
the
which
nation
this
Oyl
was
first
practised
,
vnknowen
to
the
Spaniards
:
which
afterwards
came
to
their
knowledge
and
understanding
by
the
baptised
Affricans
,
of
the
which
nation
there
are
a
great
number
in
Granado
and
Arogan
,
and
as
yet
they
folow
the
orders
of
the
Turks
,
bothe
in
their
meats
,
apparel
and
language
,
and
haue
no
affinitie
with
the
Spaniards
,
but
only
that
they
be
baptized
and
become
Christians
.
And
although
they
be
not
as
yet
growen
so
suttle
&
crafty
as
the
said
Spaniards
:
yet
neuerthelesse
it
hath
béene
wel
prooued
and
séen
by
experience
that
they
haue
had
more
knowledge
then
the
said
Spaniards
,
both
in
the
secrets
of
nature
,
and
also
in
the
properties
of
herbs
and
generally
in
the
art
of
curing
.
In
this
said
nation
,
there
was
one
named
Aparice
,
the
which
about
the
yéere
of
our
Lord
,
1566.
did
take
his
dwelling
place
at
Madrid
a
town
situated
in
Castille
la
neufeue
,
12
legues
from
Tolleta
,
at
the
which
place
the
court
is
most
commonly
kept
:
where
he
did
think
best
to
be
for
his
profit
,
and
there
did
begin
to
practise
the
art
of
Chirurgery
and
to
cure
Wounds
,
Contusions
,
Hargubush
shot
,
Canckers
,
pain
of
the
Rains
,
Apostumes
,
Hemorhoids
,
olde
Vlcers
,
pain
of
the
gout
,
and
indifferently
all
maner
of
diseases
,
so
that
within
short
time
he
did
such
cures
worthy
of
praise
that
the
people
(
hauing
intelligence
of
his
meruelous
experience
)
resorted
vnto
him
thrée
score
miles
about
,
to
the
end
that
by
his
help
they
might
receiue
their
helth
.
And
after
that
he
had
healed
them
:
he
delt
so
fauourably
with
them
,
that
moste
commonly
he
took
lesse
then
they
did
offer
vnto
him
,
and
healed
them
in
viij
.
dayes
which
the
Chirurgians
of
the
Towne
could
not
doo
in
iij.
wéeks
.
In
so
much
that
he
was
estéemed
of
all
men
,
aswel
for
the
excellency
of
his
art
:
as
also
for
his
great
curtesy
whiche
he
shewed
vnto
them
.
Yet
neuertheles
as
we
sée
that
science
and
vertue
is
neuer
peaceable
(
although
that
the
common
people
were
wel
certified
of
his
labour
and
seruice
)
yet
the
M.
Chirurgians
of
the
town
(
féeling
their
perticuler
profit
and
authoritie
to
decay
by
this
aforsaid
Aparice
)
began
to
be
at
great
strife
with
him
,
and
summoned
him
to
appéer
before
the
Alcaldes
,
which
are
the
Iudges
of
the
aforesaid
town
,
saying
that
he
did
them
great
iniury
&
wrong
in
medling
with
the
art
of
the
which
he
had
no
knowledge
,
which
art
did
pertain
onely
to
them
béeing
sworn
to
that
facultie
,
and
that
they
would
bring
in
good
proof
in
the
common
welth
,
that
hée
did
more
harme
then
good
.
So
that
their
desire
was
to
haue
him
imprisoned
,
to
the
intent
that
if
he
should
fear
any
thing
in
the
meane
time
,
to
absent
him self
,
and
also
laying
many
haynous
crymes
against
him
.
The
Iudges
could
doo
no
lesse
then
commit
him
to
prison
.
Vpon
whose
imprisonment
:
certain
gentlemen
and
others
(
which
hauing
by
his
meanes
receiued
their
helth
of
great
hurts
and
diseases
,
and
regarding
the
profit
of
the
common
welth
,
and
also
seeing
the
great
wrong
which
the
said
Chirurgians
vsed
against
the
said
Aparice
,
béeing
so
honest
and
vpright
in
his
dealing
,
concerning
his
art
,
&
that
nothing
which
was
laid
against
him
could
be
approoued
:
thought
among
them selues
that
he
deserued
a
better
rewarde
then
he
receiued
at
their
hands
.
Whervpon
they
made
with
one
consent
a
Supplication
in
his
behalf
for
the
bayling
of
him
out
of
prison
,
the
whiche
(
by
reason
of
his
long
béeing
sick
in
prison
)
they
obtained
vpon
that
condition
that
hee
should
medle
no
more
with
any
cures
,
vntil
suche
time
as
he
were
authorised
.
Yet
neuerthelesse
many
diseased
persons
béeing
afflicted
with
diuers
greefs
,
would
not
abstain
from
him
,
but
resorted
vnto
him
dayly
,
the
which
he
would
not
by
any
meanes
medle
with
for
because
of
his
great
charge
that
he
had
to
the
contrary
,
yet
not
withstanding
the
importaunce
of
the
people
was
so
great
:
that
he
was
constrayned
secretly
to
minister
vnto
them
.
The
which
at
length
was
disclosed
vnto
the
Chirurgians
of
the
town
,
and
immediatly
after
they
made
their
complaint
to
the
aforesaid
Iudges
and
declared
vnto
them
that
the
said
Aparice
had
doon
contrary
to
the
order
that
was
made
wherupon
he
was
committed
to
prison
again
,
which
caused
that
the
whole
assembly
of
the
town
bothe
Gentlemen
,
Burgesses
&
merchants
(
in
his
behalf
)
complained
to
the
Iudges
,
in
so
muche
that
in
th'
end
it
came
to
the
kings
eare
,
which
beeing
a
wise
prince
and
desiring
the
profit
of
his
common
welth
:
was
desirous
to
knowe
the
aforesaid
Prisoner
,
and
the
true
&
right
cause
in
all
things
.
And
when
he
vnderstood
the
iust
cause
and
that
whiche
the
said
Aparice
did
,
was
by
the
vertue
of
a
simple
Oyl
:
he
was
desirous
to
knowe
the
composition
of
it
.
The
which
the
said
Aparice
(
what
for
the
gréef
of
his
wrongful
imprisonment
and
the
vncurteous
dealing
of
the
Chirurgians
)
refused
to
declare
,
saying
that
it
was
the
meanes
wherby
he
did
get
his
liuing
,
so
that
if
it
were
commonly
knowen
:
it
would
be
an
occasion
that
he
should
be
no
more
sought
vnto
.
When
the
King
perceiued
that
hee
could
not
obtain
it
:
he
offred
vnto
him
(
in
consideration
that
he
should
shew
the
receipt
)
a
thousand
Duckets
,
which
the
said
Aparice
refused
,
saying
that
he
did
holde
him self
better
content
with
his
science
then
he
could
with
golde
&
Siluer
.
So
that
immediatly
folowing
the
said
Aparice
(
béeing
very
sore
handled
with
his
foresaid
sicknes
,
and
partly
for
the
gréef
that
he
took
of
his
wrongfull
imprisonment
)
ended
his
life
,
for
the
which
many
noble
personages
did
much
lament
,
thinking
that
with
his
dead
carkas
:
this
noble
treasure
should
haue
béen
buryed
,
and
also
the
king
him self
was
very
sore
greeued
for
the
losse
of
suche
a
rare
and
precious
science
.
Neuerthelesse
the
said
Aparice
hauing
maried
a
Spanish
woman
(
by
the
which
he
had
certain
children
)
declared
the
secret
of
this
pretious
Oyl
vnto
her
as
shal
be
shewed
héer
after
.
Immediatly
after
the
death
of
the
said
Aparice
,
the
king
beeing
very
sory
because
he
could
not
get
the
knowledge
of
such
a
science
:
made
a
diligent
serch
to
knowe
if
their
were
any
of
his
fréends
which
had
this
secret
medicine
,
and
also
to
knowe
whether
his
wife
had
it
,
to
the
which
they
all
answered
that
there
was
none
other
that
euer
had
the
knowledge
therof
but
onely
he
him self
,
and
that
he
kept
it
from
his
owne
wife
,
for
fear
lest
she
should
(
béeing
a
woman
)
disclose
it
and
make
it
common
although
she
dressed
patients
in
her
husbands
absence
,
and
also
whilest
he
was
prisoner
.
At
his
last
imprisonment
,
he
féeling
him self
not
like
to
liue
because
of
his
disease
,
and
considering
that
he
should
leue
his
wife
and
Children
but
in
a
wofull
state
:
discouered
this
secret
vnto
her
,
and
did
leaue
it
vnto
her
for
a
pretious
treasure
and
there
withall
gaue
her
a
great
charge
that
she
should
not
disclose
it
to
any
man
,
what
soeuer
shuld
be
offred
vnto
her
for
it
.
But
as
in
the
end
all
things
come
to
light
,
she
(
for
to
get
her
owne
lyuing
and
her
poor
Childrens
)
began
to
entermedle
for
to
cure
secretly
with
the
said
Oyl
and
solde
it
vnto
them
whiche
stood
in
néed
of
it
,
saying
that
it
was
of
the
same
Oyl
that
her
husband
had
made
.
Not withstanding
the
people
(
perceiued
that
it
lasted
very
long
&
that
it
could
not
be
chosen
but
that
she
must
haue
the
receit
)
offred
vnto
her
for
the
composition
therof
,
fiue
hundred
duckets
,
but
she
answered
that
she
had
it
not
,
and
said
if
she
had
it
:
she
would
rather
dye
then
declare
it
.
For
the
cause
of
the
which
sharp
answere
:
she
was
expresly
inhibited
from
curing
with
the
said
Oil
,
neither
to
sel
it
for
any
maner
price
.
By
the
which
menes
(
what
with
the
councell
of
her
freends
and
necessitie
constrayning
her
)
she
offred
to
declare
the
the
secret
,
in
consideration
that
she
might
haue
the
thousand
Duckets
,
but
in
th'
end
she
was
constrained
to
take
fiue
hundred
Duckes
,
wherunto
the
King
graunted
in
the
presence
of
certain
Phisitions
and
Chirurgians
which
were
appointed
,
vnto
whome
she
declared
the
secret
and
shewed
by
experience
the
composition
and
the
manner
how
to
make
it
.
And
they
to
prooue
whether
it
were
the
same
or
no
:
applyed
it
to
many
diseased
persons
,
and
it
was
found
of
the
same
vertue
and
effect
of
that
that
her
husband
had
made
.
And
then
was
named
by
the
Phisitions
and
Chirurgians
the
Oyl
Magistrale
,
estéeming
it
to
be
the
best
and
moste
pretious
among
all
others
.
So
that
when
they
had
iustly
approoued
that
it
was
the
very
same
secret
that
her
husband
left
vnto
her
:
they
deliuered
vnto
her
the
fiue
hundred
Duckets
whiche
the
King
promised
vnto
her
.
Then
by
the
commandement
of
the
King
:
the
Phisitions
and
Chirurgians
of
the
Town
had
the
perfit
knoweledge
of
it
,
in
such
sort
,
that
at
this
present
day
almoste
all
the
whole
Realme
of
Spain
vseth
none
other
medicines
,
what
maner
of
hurt
or
wound
so
euer
it
bee
,
whiche
is
a
moste
excellent
and
approoued
Mitigatiue
or
appeaser
of
pain
,
and
is
a
very
good
secret
necessary
to
be
knowen
in
a
common
welth
.
And
as
for
my
parte
:
I
would
it
were
aswell
knowen
and
experimented
in
this
Realme
as
it
is
there
.
Therfore
for
the
good
wil
and
affection
the
whiche
I
bere
towardes
my
countrey
(
to
the
which
I
am
bound
to
serue
to
the
vttermoste
of
my
power
)
I
thought
good
to
write
this
secret
and
to
bring
it
to
light
,
although
I
knowe
that
there
be
some
which
wil
not
be
wel
pleased
heerwith
,
and
paraduenture
wil
demaund
of
me
the
experience
of
it
,
for
the
whiche
I
doo
not
force
séeing
that
I
haue
the
trueth
on
my
side
,
and
that
it
is
not
vnknowen
to
a
great
number
(
which
haue
traueled
in
the
Realme
of
Spain
)
the
notable
and
singuler
vertues
of
this
Oyle
,
the
which
they
doo
dayly
sel
to
all
other
Nations
,
and
I
my self
hauing
séene
the
notable
vertues
therof
approoued
vpon
diuers
of
our
owne
nation
,
at
the
hands
bothe
of
Merchants
and
Marryners
which
brought
the
said
Oyle
from
thence
.
And
now
chauncing
with
the
Copy
of
the
making
of
the
said
Oyle
,
and
béeing
so
wel
assured
,
that
it
is
the
right
and
perfet
order
,
and
for
the
which
I
wil
answere
:
I
thought
it
my
dutie
to
disclose
such
a
noble
secret
,
for
the
profit
of
so
many
as
I
knowe
shall
receiue
ayd
therby
,
rather
then
to
please
some
perticuler
persons
.
¶
Galenes
third
Book
of
the
composition
of
medicens
.
GAlen
(
the
father
and
light
of
Phisick
)
séeing
the
great
abuse
whiche
was
in
his
time
in
the
curing
of
wounds
and
hurts
of
Nerues
or
Sinewes
:
thought
it
necessary
(
in
this
his
third
Book
of
the
composition
of
medicens
)
generally
to
intreate
and
write
the
method
or
maner
of
curing
wounds
in
the
Nerues
or
Sinewye
partes
,
which
cure
before
Galenes
time
was
much
abused
,
and
many
patients
suffered
bothe
terrible
torments
with
losse
of
their
limmes
and
also
gréeuous
conuolsions
and
painful
cramps
,
not
without
daungerous
feuers
and
great
putrifaction
,
hastening
vntimely
death
.
So
that
there
was
none
that
had
the
perfect
cure
therof
,
for
at
the
beginning
:
they
vsed
conglutinatiue
and
knitting
medicins
,
The
errors
which
haue
been
vsed
before
Galens
time
.
which
they
ought
not
to
haue
doon
.
And
if
there
chaunced
any
inflamation
:
then
they
fomented
the
afflicted
place
with
hot
water
,
and
applyed
Cataplasmus
of
whete
meale
,
boyled
with
Hedraelaeum
,
that
is
to
say
Oil
and
water
boyled
togither
,
in
the
which
was
a
great
error
and
contrary
to
all
true
method
,
for
in
so
dooing
:
the
diseased
parte
quickly
corrupted
,
and
came
to
putrifaction
,
by
reason
of
vnnatural
heat
and
to
much
moisture
,
Hot
and
moist
ingendreth
putrifaction
and
corruption
.
which
are
the
onely
and
cheefest
causes
of
putrifaction
.
Neuerthelesse
it
dooth
not
followe
that
at
all
times
drying
&
cooling
things
ought
to
be
vsed
,
because
that
the
colde
is
an
enemy
to
the
Sinewes
,
Hip.
lib.
5
Aphoris
20.
as
Hippocrates
testifieth
,
wherfore
there
must
be
vsed
drying
things
tempered
with
mode
rate
heat
,
or
at
the
least
more
declyning
to
heat
then
to
colde
,
which
ought
to
be
of
a
suttle
and
percing
substance
,
for
heate
alone
dooth
not
ingender
putrifaction
,
except
it
be
mixt
with
abundant
moisture
.
And
after
these
things
béeing
well
considered
:
there
must
be
diligent
regarde
whether
the
Sinew
be
vncouered
or
not
,
Method
for
the
cure
of
Nerues
.
for
if
the
sinew
be
vncouered
:
the
medicen
ought
not
to
be
so
strong
,
for
in
such
a
case
,
gentle
and
milde
medicens
are
most
meet
where
the
Sinew
is
bare
otherwise
it
wil
bring
moste
perrillous
accidents
.
These
medicens
that
are
héer
rehersed
are
of
a
thin
suttle
substance
or
nature
,
as
Succus
cerenaeus
,
The
qualities
and
faculties
of
Simples
,
which
must
be
vsed
in
these
medicens
.
Succus
medicus
,
Sagapenum
of
the
East
Euphorbium
of
the
West
,
and
the
iuce
of
Tithimales
.
Of
minerals
or
medicens
which
are
found
in
the
Earth
,
some
be
very
suttle
as
Aphromtrū
id
est
Nitri
spuma
,
the
frothy
parte
of
Nitrum
,
which
easely
wil
dissolue
or
be
melted
in
water
.
Like
wise
these
are
suttle
,
Nitrum
beronicum
and
Asia
Petra
,
the
floure
of
which
among
all
earthly
medicens
is
the
most
suttle
.
Of
metalls
Lorpin
and
Sulphur
be
both
suttle
and
hot
.
After
these
Misy
,
verdigrece
and
Chalcitis
a
mineralls
of
Lime
,
the
which
be
very
hot
and
somewhat
astringaunt
.
Therfore
in
the
compounding
of
suche
suttle
medicamentꝭ
:
we
commonly
burn
or
at
the
least
wash
and
such
like
to
mitigate
the
sircenes
of
their
corosiue
&
fretting
nature
as
Chalcitis
.
And
next
to
this
are
placed
Spodium
,
Pompholix
,
Psoicum
&
Chrisocolla
,
medicens
of
suttle
substance
,
without
any
smarting
heate
.
And
of
the
like
qualities
are
Succus
laurinus
and
Cedrinus
,
that
is
to
say
the
iuce
of
Bayes
and
Cedre
.
Neuerthelesse
the
Bay
is
not
so
suttle
as
the
Cedre
.
And
of
the
like
qualities
and
kindes
is
the
licour
or
water
of
Lixiuii
whiche
the
Greeks
call
Stacta
,
and
yet
Oile
of
Cedron
is
of
a
greater
and
more
excellent
vertue
,
although
that
the
said
Lixiuii
be
made
of
suttle
things
moste
finely
and
artificially
burnt
.
The
composition
of
this
said
Lixiuii
.
Is
of
a
wilde
Figge
trée
,
whiche
the
Greeks
call
Erineon
,
and
of
Tithimales
burnt
.
The
best
of
the
said
Tithimales
is
that
which
the
Gréeks
call
Characias
,
which
is
the
male
&
the
greatest
moouer
.
The
Corne
which
the
Greeks
call
Sitera
that
is
to
say
Whete
,
and
Eruus
or
Orobus
is
the
moste
suttlelest
,
considering
that
they
haue
no
great
facultie
to
heate
.
You
shall
vnderstand
that
the
moste
parte
of
Simples
whiche
are
suttle
and
fine
are
hot
.
And
those
which
are
of
grocer
substance
,
colde
,
the
reason
is
euident
,
for
the
heate
is
suttle
and
light
,
and
the
colde
:
thick
and
heauy
,
and
dooth
bothe
represse
and
binde
togithers
.
Yet
for
all
that
some
colde
Simples
haue
a
sharp
qualitie
with
suttle
substance
,
yet
in
operation
it
is
cooling
,
as
Vinagre
,
Cold
is
an
agent
qualitie
aswel
as
heate
.
for
among
all
the
Simples
it
is
moste
suttlest
.
Therfore
it
is
necessary
to
haue
good
knoweledge
in
the
nature
and
qualitye
of
simples
,
Method
for
the
knoweledge
and
facultie
of
Simples
and
how
they
must
be
vsed
.
wherof
medicens
haue
their
béeing
.
For
without
the
knowledge
therof
:
it
is
not
possible
to
doo
any
thing
in
this
art
,
and
especially
in
the
cure
of
Sinewes
worthy
commendation
.
It
suffiseth
not
to
haue
great
store
of
Receipts
,
except
ye
knowe
the
particuler
nature
of
euery
simple
.
And
with
hauing
knowledge
:
he
shal
be
able
to
frame
his
composition
him self
,
according
as
the
nature
of
the
gréef
shall
require
.
The
parfit
knoweledge
of
Simples
is
in
thrée
thinges
,
that
is
to
say
,
of
plants
,
of
metalles
,
and
of
liuing
things
,
and
it
is
not
sufficient
to
sée
them
once
or
twise
:
Euery
this
in
his
time
but
you
must
marke
and
beholde
them
often
,
as
in
their
beginning
,
growing
,
state
,
and
declination
.
All
things
are
kept
in
their
place
out
of
the
which
as
soon
as
it
is
remoued
it
is
the
more
subiect
to
be
corrupted
.
For
by
this
beholding
:
you
shall
knowe
in
what
time
it
is
best
to
gather
them
,
if
they
be
not
gathered
in
their
due
time
:
the
heat
of
the
Sun
will
burne
and
take
away
their
vertue
.
And
also
the
place
where
they
must
be
kept
ought
to
be
temperate
in
heat
&
moisture
,
for
feare
of
chaunging
their
nature
or
vertue
,
for
without
the
knowledge
therof
it
is
not
possible
for
a
Chirurgian
to
haue
the
true
vnderstanding
and
method
to
compound
medicens
nor
to
gouerne
well
the
curation
of
diseases
.
So
then
it
is
necessary
to
knowe
the
nature
and
facultye
of
Simples
whiche
is
amply
shewed
in
many
good
Bookes
and
especially
by
Galen
in
his
Booke
of
Simples
.
I
finde
a
certain
history
in
the
foresaid
Author
the
which
I
think
may
wel
and
fitly
be
rehersed
in
this
place
,
The
history
for
an
example
of
the
cōtusion
of
ioints
.
to
make
this
more
plain
to
the
reader
.
Vpon
a
certain
time
there
was
brought
to
Galen
a
childe
,
hauing
a
cōtusion
or
broose
vpon
the
first
ioynte
of
his
middle
finger
in
such
sort
that
the
whole
ioint
began
to
putrifye
&
corrupt
,
them
Galen
applyed
to
the
putrified
parte
a
Cataplasme
or
Pultise
,
made
with
Barly
mele
&
wax
,
&
fomented
it
with
the
Lixiuii
round
about
the
afflicted
place
,
but
where
there
was
gréefe
and
pain
:
he
made
fomentation
with
hote
Oyle
,
and
then
after
the
moisture
was
drawen
out
,
by
the
applying
of
dry
wul
,
he
vsed
a
medicine
made
with
Oil
,
wax
and
Euphorbium
,
by
the
which
meanes
he
preserued
the
ioynt
.
The
like
he
did
to
an
other
which
came
to
him
in
winter
which
had
great
colde
with
pain
in
his
Knée
continually
,
the
which
he
cured
in
like
maner
with
Oile
and
Euphorbium
,
for
the
Sinewes
and
tendones
The
tendones
are
dryer
then
the
sinewes
doo
receiue
all
one
curation
,
and
the
accidents
that
chaunceth
to
the
one
:
chaunceth
to
th'
other
.
For
the
names
of
such
passions
or
gréefs
it
is
no
matter
,
for
because
it
is
not
the
names
that
doo
either
good
or
harme
.
But
it
is
the
facultie
of
the
medicins
which
doth
all
.
Let
vs
return
to
the
cure
.
Afterwards
the
said
Childes
finger
began
to
putrifie
more
and
more
,
and
he
began
to
féel
pain
and
gréef
vpwarde
in
the
whole
places
.
Then
Galen
in
the
place
of
Barly
mele
:
the
tenth
day
,
did
vse
the
mele
of
Orobus
with
the
said
Lixiuii
,
or
Stacta
wherewith
the
Patient
began
to
amend
,
Stacte
was
made
of
stilled
wild
Fig
leaues
and
within
iij.
dayes
was
eased
of
his
pain
,
sauing
that
there
remained
in
the
brused
place
,
a
certain
Neruous
or
knotty
substance
muche
like
vnto
a
great
tendone
the
which
was
redy
to
fall
,
&
after
béeing
half
rotten
:
fel
all
togithers
,
which
did
make
many
think
,
seeing
this
knotty
substance
:
that
the
Sinew
had
béen
altogithers
rotten
,
which
was
for
lack
of
the
knoweledge
of
their
Anothomy
,
and
for
lack
of
that
knowledge
they
did
not
consider
how
the
Tendones
The
tendones
and
their
cituation
.
or
Cordes
are
couered
with
the
said
Nerues
,
Membrana
as
defensatiues
,
not
only
throughout
the
inside
of
the
hand
:
but
from
thence
go
in
order
to
all
the
fingers
.
Then
after
that
Galene
had
taken
away
that
which
was
putrified
from
the
said
broose
:
the
corde
was
very
sound
and
clene
,
&
then
he
vsed
Trosis
dissolued
in
Sapa
,
&
applyed
it
in
the
foresaid
Neruous
parte
,
&
made
particuler
vnction
again
and
in
like
maner
vsed
the
Pultis
,
and
the
anointing
with
Euphorbium
as
afore
said
.
And
when
he
had
thus
doon
:
the
fourth
day
,
did
think
with
him self
what
medicin
that
were
best
then
to
applye
,
and
considering
that
if
there
were
no
inflamation
or
distemperance
:
it
were
best
to
apply
skinning
things
,
but
if
there
were
any
inflamation
:
then
he
thought
best
to
vse
moderate
drying
things
with
out
Cicatrising
or
skinning
.
And
when
he
did
see
there
was
inflamation
:
he
vsed
the
medicament
that
is
called
the
gréen
Plaister
of
Epigoni
,
which
the
Gréeks
call
Isis
.
The
whiche
Emplaister
you
shall
finde
in
his
second
book
of
composition
of
medicins
in
generall
,
then
afterwards
for
to
finish
the
cure
:
he
vsed
an
other
medicine
composed
as
foloweth
.
Rec.
of
wax
,
drachmas
150.
Tereben
thinae
,
drachm
.
200
,
Seui
vitulini
,
drachmas
.
50.
Galbani
,
drachmas
24.
Manne
thuris
,
drachmas
24.
Salis
amoniaci
,
drachmas
12.
Aeris
vsti
,
drachmas
12.
Aloes
,
drachmas
.
12.
Squame
aeris
,
drachmas
24.
Alluminis
rotundi
,
drachmas
24.
Alum
plum
,
drachmas
8
,
Chalchitis
drachmas
.
8.
Miseos
.
draehmas
8.
Apopenex
,
drachmas
8.
Erui
,
drachmas
6.
Ammoniaci
,
drachmas
.
6.
Mineii
rubi
,
drachmas
6.
A
ceti
,
drachmas
,
3.
Olei
hemi
.
2.
consequently
when
Galene
had
thus
vsed
it
:
them
he
came
to
sicatrisatises
and
for
the
outwarde
parte
he
applyed
Euphorbium
mingled
with
Wax
&
Rosin
in
forme
of
an
Emplaister
.
Method
for
the
curation
of
the
wounds
of
Nerues
or
Sinewes
and
of
what
facultie
the
medicins
which
must
be
applyed
ought
to
be
be
.
GAlen
in
his
method
of
wounds
of
Nerues
,
did
vse
Liquid
medicins
and
sometime
Emplaisters
.
And
without
the
wound
about
the
place
,
hee
applyed
very
soft
Wul
with
hot
Oile
.
Sometimes
also
he
vsed
Oil
with
a
little
Vinagre
.
Vinagre
is
an
eneto
sinewes
.
But
in
such
sort
that
the
colde
vertue
of
the
Vinagre
was
without
offence
,
neuerthelesse
the
suttlenes
or
persing
vertue
did
remain
,
and
two
or
thrée
times
a
day
did
vnbinde
the
wound
to
see
if
the
medicine
did
make
any
fretting
in
the
Vlcer
or
sore
.
And
if
it
caused
any
greef
or
pain
:
then
he
fomented
it
with
Oil
as
hot
as
the
patient
could
indure
.
All
colde
things
are
contrary
to
the
Nerues
For
if
it
be
but
warme
:
it
wil
doo
more
hurt
then
good
,
and
much
worse
if
it
bee
colde
,
for
the
colde
dooth
stop
and
hinder
out
breathing
of
the
member
.
But
the
heate
dooth
resolue
and
make
thinner
.
&c
As
for
the
vse
of
water
:
it
must
bée
in
such
sort
vsed
that
at
no
time
in
the
curation
it
touch
the
Vlcer
.
Therfore
when
it
dooth
chaunce
that
there
remaineth
any
cluttered
or
congeled
blood
to
be
taken
away
out
of
the
wound
:
it
must
be
doon
with
Oil.
And
for
an
example
:
Galen
reciteth
an
history
of
one
which
beeing
hurt
,
An
history
to
prooue
,
that
al
cold
is
contrary
to
the
wounds
of
Nerues
.
was
foure
dayes
without
the
féeling
of
anye
pain
,
and
when
he
did
sée
that
ther
was
no
inflamation
:
he
went
abrode
about
certain
ernest
busines
which
he
had
to
doo
,
the
wether
béeing
very
colde
and
taried
somwhat
long
:
then
he
returned
to
his
house
with
great
gréef
and
pain
,
euen
to
the
very
nape
of
his
neck
.
Then
Galen
béeing
called
after
that
he
did
sée
the
pain
that
the
Patient
was
in
:
made
fomentation
with
hot
Oil
all
about
the
pained
place
,
and
applyed
great
quantitie
of
wul
moistned
in
Oil
,
and
the
liquid
medicins
made
with
Euphorbium
and
Castorum
,
and
by
this
meanes
the
paine
was
eased
,
and
after
that
he
had
slept
:
all
the
accidents
did
cease
.
Therfore
it
is
very
profitable
to
applye
the
Wul
very
warme
,
and
so
continew
it
whether
it
be
applyed
with
Oile
,
or
Oile
and
Vinagre
,
which
may
wel
be
doon
,
if
you
apply
also
vpon
it
dry
Wul
.
And
if
it
be
in
the
Winter
:
the
patient
must
keep
his
house
vntill
the
fift
or
sixth
day
of
his
greef
.
For
if
he
be
frée
from
inflammation
vntill
the
seuenth
day
,
and
that
he
feel
no
maner
of
pain
or
greef
then
he
is
without
daunger
.
Also
you
shall
kéep
in
memory
that
in
this
maner
of
cure
,
colde
Oile
&
astringent
is
contrary
.
But
there
must
be
vsed
the
suttlest
Oile
that
may
be
gotten
,
as
very
olde
Oile
,
for
lack
of
the
medicine
that
is
made
of
Euphorbium
or
Vinagre
,
or
other
such
proper
medicine
:
Galen
dooth
teach
to
take
in
their
rowme
,
Propolis
beeing
very
new
,
liquid
and
fat
,
and
very
olde
Leuen
,
or
els
of
the
iuce
of
Tithimall
,
with
newe
Leuen
,
or
Propolis
liquified
in
Oile
with
Leuen
,
dissolued
in
very
sharp
Vinagre
,
and
the
Oile
must
be
very
olde
.
The
Floures
that
are
tobe
vsed
to
make
Pultasis
or
Cataplasemus
of
:
The
flours
for
to
make
Cataplasmus
.
are
Farina
,
Fabarum
,
Orobi
,
id
est
erui
Lolii
.
Ciceris
vel
Lupinorum
,
Amarorum
polenta
,
made
of
Barly
with
Oximel
,
these
Cataplasmus
bée
not
onely
good
in
boisterous
people
:
but
also
to
all
others
,
whether
there
be
any
inflamation
or
no.
For
lack
of
these
aforesaid
medicins
you
may
vse
these
Cataplasmus
folowing
,
that
is
to
say
Propolis
beeing
new
,
Liquid
and
fat
,
and
apply
it
vpon
the
wound
,
somtime
with
Leuen
alone
and
somtimes
with
bothe
,
&
somtimes
with
mele
of
Orobis
and
Leuen
,
but
the
Leuen
must
be
very
olde
,
and
contrarywise
the
Propolis
must
be
new
.
If
it
be
olde
:
you
must
soften
it
with
Oile
by
the
fire
,
or
in
the
Sun
,
or
els
you
may
vse
the
iuce
of
Tithimales
mingled
with
Leuen
or
Oxelam
,
the
Vinagre
must
be
very
sharp
wherwith
the
Oxelam
is
made
.
These
be
medicens
which
may
soon
be
had
in
a
redines
for
lack
of
others
,
Medicine
which
are
easy
to
be
prepared
.
whiche
at
necessitie
Galen
did
vse
in
wounds
of
Nerues
.
By
this
you
shall
note
then
that
the
medicins
whiche
be
applyed
in
wounds
of
Nerues
,
in
what
maner
so
euer
it
be
:
ought
to
be
actually
hot
,
and
for
the
punctures
or
prickings
of
Tendones
,
the
medicen
which
is
made
of
Euphorbium
and
olde
Oile
,
in
the
fourme
of
a
Liquid
cerat
is
very
good
and
proper
.
And
with
the
said
medicin
Galen
did
heale
one
which
was
hurt
in
a
tendone
,
within
the
space
of
foure
dayes
.
Then
there
was
one
that
seeing
the
good
successe
that
he
had
with
the
Euphorbium
and
Oile
)
thought
to
take
an
example
by
the
said
curation
,
and
did
vse
new
Euphorbium
wherof
did
folowe
greate
heat
and
pain
with
corrosion
in
the
Vlcer
in
so
much
that
he
was
constrained
to
call
Galene
to
remedy
it
,
the
whiche
by
fomentation
of
Oil
and
Vinagre
did
appease
the
pain
and
diminish
the
accidents
,
wherfore
it
dooth
appéer
(
as
before
hath
been
said
)
that
you
must
not
neglect
to
haue
the
knoweledge
of
the
faculties
and
kindes
of
approoued
medicins
,
and
of
them
whiche
wil
soon
loose
their
strength
,
Note
this
wil.
from
the
others
which
doo
kéep
and
maintain
long
time
.
For
Euphorbium
Euphorbium
to
knowe
whether
it
be
olde
or
new
.
is
one
of
these
kindes
that
wil
loose
his
heat
very
soon
,
which
is
easy
(
by
the
coulour
)
to
be
knowen
.
For
if
it
be
new
:
it
is
of
an
asshie
couloure
.
But
if
it
be
olde
:
it
is
of
a
pale
or
yelowe
colour
,
&
for
that
cause
it
is
very
dry
,
&
wil
hardly
be
dissolued
in
new
Oil
,
for
in
the
mingling
it
doth
drink
vp
the
Oile
incontinent
,
wherefore
to
dissolue
it
wel
:
The
maner
how
to
dissolue
the
Euphorbium
and
the
nature
and
quality
.
it
must
not
be
mingled
togither
with
Oile
all
at
one
time
,
but
laboured
in
a
morter
by
little
and
little
for
fear
of
running
togithers
.
Euphorbium
is
one
of
the
Simples
which
wil
soon
loose
his
heate
,
and
dooth
not
kéep
long
,
which
is
knowen
easely
only
by
the
colours
without
tasting
of
it
.
Euphorbium
is
hot
in
the
ii
ij
.
degree
.
Truely
when
it
is
olde
,
it
is
not
of
an
Asshye
coulour
as
it
is
when
it
is
new
,
but
it
dooth
decline
toward
a
pale
or
yelowish
colour
,
and
if
it
be
new
:
in
the
tasting
of
it
,
it
will
bee
so
hot
that
it
wil
burn
the
tung
But
if
it
be
olde
:
you
shall
feel
no
great
heate
in
it
,
neuerthelesse
,
Euphorbium
dooth
keep
his
vertue
longer
then
Tapsia
,
for
Tapsia
in
i.
yeer
loseth
his
strength
very
much
&
in
ij
.
yeers
loseth
his
strength
vtterly
&
is
good
for
nothing
.
But
Euphorbium
if
he
be
good
when
he
is
new
,
that
is
to
say
if
he
be
hot
&
burning
as
safore
said
:
he
wil
last
thrée
yéeres
,
somtimes
foure
yéeres
&
to
the
fifth
,
but
the
he
dooth
vi
.
loose
all
his
force
&
strength
.
For
whiche
cause
Galen
did
vse
often
times
olde
Oile
without
wax
,
for
be
cause
that
the
Euphorbium
was
of
fiue
or
six
yéeres
of
age
.
So
that
the
vse
of
the
Euphorbium
cannot
be
comprehended
by
waight
,
for
when
it
is
new
:
ye
must
put
twise
so
much
Oile
,
and
three
times
so
much
Wax
,
and
if
it
be
olde
,
the
more
Oile
shal
be
put
to
it
and
the
lesse
Wax
.
Wherfore
if
you
will
make
the
forsaid
medicament
in
fourme
of
a
Liquid
cerat
:
The
maner
how
to
vse
the
Euphorbium
whether
it
be
olde
or
new
you
shall
put
foure
times
so
muche
Oile
as
Wax
.
But
if
you
wil
make
it
in
fourme
of
a
Plaister
:
you
shall
put
therto
as
much
Oile
as
Wax
,
and
principally
if
the
Wax
be
olde
and
dry
.
For
if
the
Wax
be
new
:
you
shall
not
need
so
much
Oile
,
and
lesse
in
Summer
then
in
Winter
.
For
to
make
Emplastrum
Carotodes
.
That
is
to
say
a
Cerat
or
Ciroene
,
you
shall
take
of
the
best
wax
,
liquid
it
in
Oile
,
then
ad
to
the
vi
.
parte
of
Euphorbium
,
and
temper
it
,
as
aforesaid
,
or
els
as
foloweth
.
Rec.
Euphorbium
,
drachmas.
1.
wax
,
drach
.
6.
Oile
,
drach.
5.
or
6.
And
for
because
that
the
Wax
is
not
so
cleauing
and
viscus
as
Rosin
or
Pitch
is
ye
shall
ad
to
either
of
the
Cerats
,
Pich
or
Rosin
,
The
qualities
and
differences
of
Rosins
.
or
of
bothe
,
and
then
ye
shall
not
need
so
much
Oile
as
you
should
haue
doon
,
if
it
had
been
made
onely
with
Wax
.
And
this
is
to
be
noted
that
you
ought
to
haue
a
diligent
regarde
to
the
moisture
or
drynes
of
the
Rosins
,
for
you
haue
some
more
dryer
then
other
some
,
and
others
again
be
more
liquid
.
Of
the
dryest
of
these
kindes
is
that
whiche
some
call
Fricta
,
and
others
Colophonia
.
After
the
same
kinde
dooth
folow
,
that
which
is
brought
in
erthen
pots
,
which
is
vnclarified
,
and
when
it
is
clarified
:
it
is
like
the
fore
named
Fricta
.
There
is
an
other
kinde
which
is
called
Pityinon
phisema
,
that
is
to
say
German
Pich
which
is
more
dryer
then
the
other
two
aforsaid
,
the
which
Galen
did
iudge
not
to
be
vsed
in
this
cure
because
of
his
vncleenes
but
did
vse
the
(
aforesaid
)
Fricta
.
Ther
be
diuers
kindes
of
these
(
as
before
hath
been
said
)
of
the
which
some
wil
remain
more
liquid
than
other
some
,
The
qualitie
and
faculties
of
Rosins
according
to
their
degres
for
the
Turpentine
wil
remain
moste
liquid
,
the
other
dooth
soon
dry
,
as
Strobolina
and
Abiotina
,
and
of
these
two
,
the
hottest
is
Strobolina
,
and
next
vnto
them
in
heat
:
is
Turpentine
.
As
for
the
Rosin
of
Cipres
I
doo
not
reken
,
for
Galene
neuer
durst
nor
would
vse
it
in
any
Plaisters
to
be
applyed
to
Narues
,
because
it
is
astringant
.
The
b●st
and
principall
of
all
these
kindes
of
Rosins
:
is
Turpentine
The
Turpentine
is
the
moste
principall
of
all
Rosins
.
not
for
his
heat
,
for
Strobolina
and
Abietina
(
as
before
hath
been
said
)
are
hotter
.
The
whiche
Turpentine
Galene
did
vse
by
experiments
,
the
great
vtillitie
that
was
in
it
to
mundify
,
to
resolue
,
and
to
drawe
,
and
is
very
comfortable
to
the
Nerues
:
witnesses
also
therunto
Dioscorides
and
Anabarzeus
.
And
when
you
wil
haue
the
Cerat
very
cleauing
:
you
shall
put
to
the
more
Rosin
(
as
is
afore
said
)
and
mix
it
according
with
the
Oile
and
wax
.
The
Emplaister
which
Galen
did
vse
.
YOu
shall
take
of
Turpentine
,
and
put
therto
thrée
times
so
much
wax
.
Then
ad
to
them
the
xij
.
parte
of
Euphorbium
,
if
you
knowe
not
whether
the
Euphorbium
be
exactly
hot
or
no
:
you
must
prooue
when
the
medicine
is
made
by
this
meanes
,
that
is
,
ye
shall
strike
a
little
of
it
vpon
a
linnen
cloth
,
and
apply
it
vpon
the
thigh
or
arme
,
and
there
let
it
remain
for
a
certain
time
,
and
if
you
perceiue
that
it
dooth
somewhat
warme
:
then
is
the
midicine
temperat
,
and
if
it
doo
cause
no
maner
of
sensible
heat
,
Note
this
wel
.
or
els
that
he
giue
more
feruent
heat
then
he
ought
:
it
is
certain
that
the
medicine
is
either
to
weke
or
to
strong
.
The
heat
may
be
diminished
by
adding
the
more
of
Oyl
and
wax
,
and
also
it
may
be
augmented
by
adding
to
of
the
Euphorbium
,
for
the
confection
of
these
kindes
of
medicins
,
the
Propolis
is
the
best
and
most
conuenible
among
all
other
kindes
of
Rosins
,
The
vtility
and
commoditie
of
Propolis
.
but
it
ought
to
be
new
&
fat
,
because
it
will
the
better
drawe
to
the
outwarde
parte
,
the
thick
vapours
,
and
superfluous
humours
,
but
Rosins
are
to
be
mingled
with
Wax
,
onely
to
giue
thicknes
and
forme
to
plaisters
,
and
are
not
so
conueniable
in
this
curatton
as
Propolis
is
.
Therfore
you
shall
note
that
in
tender
&
soft
complexions
:
the
medicins
ought
not
to
be
so
strong
,
as
in
strong
&
boisterous
complections
.
For
the
Cerat
which
is
mingled
with
olde
Oile
is
very
conueniable
in
some
,
and
likewise
Fermentum
,
that
is
to
say
Leuen
,
is
very
good
so
it
be
olde
,
for
the
older
it
is
the
better
,
be
cause
it
dooth
bothe
resolue
and
attract
more
then
new
,
moreouer
Sulphur
Viuum
is
very
good
in
these
afore
said
compositions
,
and
it
may
be
vsed
with
Tetrapharmacum
.
Also
Aphronitrum
may
be
vsed
and
Beronictum
litrum
,
so
that
it
be
not
grauely
,
which
may
also
be
mingled
with
Tetrapharmacum
.
Arsenicum
wich
is
called
in
the
Attique
tung
,
Quenched
Lime
.
Arenicum
,
beeing
mingled
with
Tetrapharmacum
is
profitable
,
and
for
lack
of
these
you
shall
vse
Sandaracha
as
of
Lime
quenched
and
vnquenched
,
Metalla
lo
tione
et
adustione
fuit
mitiora
.
washed
&
vnwashed
.
But
there
must
be
lesse
of
the
vnwashed
then
of
that
which
is
washed
:
for
because
that
it
is
more
sharper
then
that
which
is
vnwashed
.
Now
then
to
haue
the
perfit
knoweledge
to
heale
wounds
of
Nerues
,
This
ought
to
be
knowen
in
the
cure
of
Nerues
.
it
is
needful
to
knowe
the
end
and
intention
of
the
cure
,
likewise
the
facultie
of
simple
medicines
the
which
in
this
cure
ought
to
drawe
and
resolue
without
excessiue
heat
and
without
great
sharpnes
or
byting
.
And
likewise
it
is
needful
to
know
and
vnderstand
perfectly
the
Anathomye
.
Note
.
And
the
nature
and
complexion
of
the
members
of
the
body
,
and
perfectly
to
vnderstand
and
the
difference
betwéen
the
Tendones
membranes
&
ligamentꝭ
for
when
occasion
shall
serue
to
stich
any
wound
:
you
must
not
touch
the
tendones
,
for
the
Tendones
and
the
muscles
haue
coniuncion
togithers
,
therfore
when
the
muscles
be
seperated
:
there
must
be
very
good
heed
taken
in
the
stitching
of
them
,
lest
●ou
cause
pain
,
for
if
they
doo
indure
any
pain
:
it
causeth
conuulsion
,
and
then
afterwarde
turneth
to
putrifaction
,
and
so
all
the
partes
there
abouts
dooth
suffer
the
like
accidents
,
yet
neuerthelesse
the
musculous
flesh
may
wel
be
stitched
as
shal
be
héerafter
said
.
Therfore
to
haue
perfit
knoweledge
of
the
Tendons
,
this
is
to
be
vnderstanded
,
that
ther
be
two
kindes
:
that
is
to
say
,
the
one
round
like
vnto
acorde
,
for
which
cause
the
ancient
writers
haue
so
called
them
:
the
others
be
flat
like
vnto
membranes
,
wherof
some
passe
along
by
the
thighe
néer
vnto
the
knee
.
Also
they
are
within
the
palmes
of
the
hands
and
the
soules
of
the
feet
.
Of
tendons
their
●●●de
●ormes
&
situations
Now
we
wil
return
to
the
matter
,
in
wounds
of
Nerues
you
must
not
make
fomentation
with
hot
water
,
as
the
Phisitions
before
Galenes
time
did
:
nor
yet
vse
Cataplasmus
made
with
wheat
meal
,
and
boyled
with
Hidrelaeum
,
for
Galen
made
onely
fomentation
with
Oile
,
and
the
medicines
aforsaid
,
by
which
menes
he
healed
many
.
And
béeing
but
of
the
age
of
xxviij
.
yeeres
,
at
whiche
time
hée
came
from
Alexandrin
into
his
owe
contrey
,
did
inuent
and
deuise
the
maner
to
cure
the
wounds
of
Nerues
:
A
note
of
Galen
.
and
since
that
time
hath
been
many
goodly
cures
,
by
the
method
and
midicines
aforesaid
.
And
now
for
an
example
marke
this
history
which
is
recited
.
Vpon
a
time
(
among
others
)
there
was
a
certain
Captain
af
war
,
the
whiche
had
a
wound
in
his
thigh
,
transuersales
,
the
whiche
wound
was
of
a
great
deapth
,
that
the
one
side
was
drawen
vpwarde
&
the
other
downwarde
towarde
the
knée
,
&
for
to
heale
the
said
wound
:
Galen
did
not
dout
to
stich
it
in
the
musculous
partes
.
Neuerthelesse
he
gaue
good
respect
in
touching
of
any
Tendon
,
for
he
knew
that
the
muscles
might
wel
be
stitched
without
daunger
and
not
the
tendones
,
albeit
that
some
ancient
Phisitions
doo
stich
but
onely
the
vpper
lips
of
the
skin
,
though
the
wound
be
neuer
so
deep
,
for
they
did
fear
to
stich
the
muscles
,
and
there
were
others
whiche
would
stich
the
fleshey
parts
of
the
muscles
,
but
they
were
of
the
vpper
parte
of
the
wound
and
not
in
the
depth
.
Wherfore
when
there
did
chaunce
any
déep
wound
béeing
transuersales
:
he
did
boldely
stitch
the
musculous
partes
.
As
for
the
other
woundis
made
according
to
the
length
of
the
member
:
it
is
not
néedful
to
stitch
them
,
for
with
good
and
conuenient
rowling
the
musculous
parts
may
wel
be
agglutinated
.
Therfore
they
which
be
ignorant
in
the
Anothomy
,
doo
fear
to
stich
the
membranes
with
the
muscles
,
but
Galen
beeing
learned
in
that
matter
,
did
stiche
them
safely
&
without
danger
,
although
that
the
large
Tendones
are
muche
like
the
membranes
,
yet
for
all
that
,
there
is
difference
,
for
the
Tendones
be
more
hard
and
of
a
grocer
substance
,
then
the
said
membranes
be
.
The
difference
betwen
the
tendons
and
membranes
.
Except
it
be
in
the
muscles
of
Abdomen
,
which
the
Prince
Auicenna
calleth
Mirac
,
for
in
that
place
they
be
very
tender
and
suttle
,
as
the
membranes
be
in
all
points
,
except
it
be
in
the
straight
muscles
.
By
this
it
appéereth
that
the
iij
parte
of
Phisick
which
the
gréeks
call
Chirurgia
that
is
to
say
,
the
which
is
exercised
by
handy
operation
.
Pharmaceutice
,
that
is
to
say
by
medicines
as
to
the
Apothecary
.
Diaitetice
,
by
regiment
of
the
life
,
haue
néed
one
of
the
other
:
wherfore
he
whiche
dooth
take
vpon
him
this
profession
:
ought
exactly
to
be
exercised
in
these
iij.
Note
this
place
wel
.
After
that
he
first
hath
had
the
perfet
knoweledge
of
the
Theorick
,
that
is
to
say
speculatiue
,
in
the
whiche
is
taught
the
method
to
cure
by
reasons
and
Demonstrations
,
and
if
he
be
ignorant
in
any
of
these
:
he
is
not
worthy
to
be
called
a
good
Chirurgion
,
and
shall
neuer
be
able
to
doo
any
thing
,
which
shal
be
to
the
profit
or
easement
of
his
Patients
.
The
composition
of
medicines
for
wounds
of
the
Nerues
made
of
metalles
.
AMongst
the
metalls
you
must
auoid
them
which
are
astringant
,
and
principally
in
the
prickings
of
the
Sinewes
.
The
substance
of
metalls
.
But
the
abstersiues
,
as
Aeris
squama
,
&
others
are
profitable
.
And
this
must
be
noted
that
all
metalls
are
partly
of
a
groce
and
terrene
substance
,
because
that
there
dooth
contain
in
them
,
much
earthy
nature
,
wherfore
they
doo
require
to
be
prepared
,
to
the
end
that
they
may
be
more
suttle
.
One
way
to
prepare
them
is
this
.
To
prepare
the
metals
.
First
the
said
metalls
ought
to
be
laboured
in
a
morter
,
onely
with
very
strong
Vinagre
,
which
hath
a
pearcing
facultie
,
and
ought
to
be
so
laboured
very
long
.
Ther
be
some
of
the
said
metalls
that
wil
not
wel
be
beaten
,
although
they
be
very
long
labored
.
Neuerthelesse
they
may
easely
be
dissolued
as
Chalcitis
,
misy
and
such
like
,
but
others
may
be
beaten
and
redused
into
poulder
,
as
Aeris
Squama
and
such
others
.
And
this
you
shall
note
,
that
Chalcitis
&
Erugo
if
they
be
burnt
:
they
haue
lesse
sharpnes
in
them
,
wherfore
the
greater
quantitie
may
be
occupyed
when
any
medicine
is
made
.
The
Pastils
or
Trocis
of
Andronis
Poluidas
and
Pacion
,
be
right
excellent
and
conueniable
in
wounds
of
Sinews
,
so
that
they
be
dissolued
in
Sapa
as
they
ought
.
Excellent
pastils
.
Sapa
is
made
of
Must
,
Sapa
and
wherof
it
is
made
.
that
is
to
say
sodden
Wine
,
but
the
said
Must
ought
to
be
made
of
swéet
Raysons
,
and
not
of
sower
,
which
are
Abstersiues
and
of
the
latter
running
of
the
Tub
,
the
whiche
wine
must
be
boyled
vnto
the
consumption
of
the
half
,
and
with
the
said
Wine
the
Pastils
may
be
dissolued
,
to
be
applyed
vnto
the
Nerues
which
lye
bare
.
But
when
you
vse
them
,
you
shall
take
that
kinde
of
Polidas
,
for
they
be
moste
temperate
,
and
principally
in
these
bodyes
which
are
temperate
&
tender
,
in
which
bodyes
all
the
kindes
of
Pastils
ought
not
to
be
vsed
,
but
medicins
according
,
which
we
haue
al
redy
spoken
of
,
and
wil
speak
héerafter
,
for
all
bodies
be
not
of
one
temperature
,
for
they
differ
in
thrée
things
,
that
is
to
say
,
as
for
their
temperature
,
secondly
in
the
augmentation
of
their
age
,
and
last
in
their
states
and
exersises
,
as
they
whiche
woork
much
,
or
liue
idlely
.
Wherfore
it
foloweth
that
no
medicine
can
bee
conuenient
,
A
method
worthy
to
be
noted
.
in
all
bodyes
.
And
for
this
cause
you
must
haue
two
sortes
of
medicines
,
the
one
strong
:
and
the
other
weke
,
and
then
when
necessitie
dooth
require
,
According
to
the
temperature
of
the
body
the
midicine
ought
to
be
compounded
,
prepared
and
applyed
.
the
mixtures
may
be
according
to
the
temperature
of
the
body
.
¶
Medicins
for
strong
and
boisterous
people
.
Rec.
Aeris
squama
parte
.
3.
Misyos
crudi
partes
.
2.
Chalciteos
cruda
parte
1.
Cerae
parte
.
12.
At
the
beginning
when
Galene
prepared
this
medicament
:
hée
did
put
to
it
Arsenicon
,
and
after
that
when
he
sawe
that
it
was
superfluous
:
he
left
it
out
.
¶
Medicine
for
delicate
and
tender
complexions
.
Rec.
Misyos
combusti
,
Chalcitidis
vsti
ana
,
parte
,
1.
Aeris
squamae
partes
.
4.
Cerae
,
parte
,
18.
Medicin
for
mean
complections
whiche
Galen
did
often
vse
.
Rec.
Misyos
vsti
.
Chalcities
vstae
,
Erugini
vstae
ana
,
parte
,
1.
Aeris
squamae
part
,
3.
Cerae
,
part.
5.
For
to
make
these
medicines
,
the
quantitie
of
the
Oile
ought
to
exceed
the
quantitie
of
the
Wax
,
Note
that
Galenes
pound
is
but
xii
.
vnces
.
as
if
there
be
viij
.
vnces
of
Wax
,
you
shall
put
xij
.
vnces
of
Oile
(
which
is
a
pound
)
and
the
Oile
must
be
like
the
Oile
of
Sauen
,
that
is
to
say
,
of
a
suttle
substance
,
and
not
astringant
,
and
the
olde
Oile
is
best
.
Wherefore
new
Oil
which
the
Greeks
call
Homotribes
,
is
neither
good
nor
conuenient
.
After
that
the
metalles
haue
béene
wel
beaten
long
time
with
Vinagre
:
you
shall
ad
to
of
Thus
,
but
it
must
be
white
and
good
,
then
again
you
shall
beat
it
with
the
metalls
,
before
that
you
ad
to
the
Cerot
,
but
the
quantitie
of
the
Thus
shal
be
the
half
of
the
medicins
,
for
to
make
the
medicine
in
a
meane
temperature
.
And
if
you
wil
make
it
more
weak
:
you
shall
ad
to
more
then
the
half
of
Thus.
And
if
you
wil
haue
the
medicin
more
sharper
:
you
shall
not
put
to
the
halfe
of
Thus
in
the
forsaid
medicine
.
It
is
expedient
that
ye
mingle
some
Rosin
with
the
Wax
and
Oil
,
neuerthelesse
you
ought
to
consider
,
that
if
you
doo
put
to
it
Strobolina
,
that
the
medicin
wil
be
more
stronger
and
sharper
,
and
if
you
put
to
it
of
Terebenthine
:
the
medicin
wil
be
more
softer
and
meane
in
sharpnes
,
and
if
you
wil
haue
it
betwéen
bothe
:
you
shall
put
to
it
Abietine
or
Beniamin
larix
,
The
facultie
and
qualitie
of
Larix
.
which
is
one
of
the
moistest
Rosins
,
and
is
of
substance
like
vnto
liquid
Pich
,
whiche
some
merchants
and
Factors
sel
for
Terebenthine
,
to
them
that
knowe
it
not
,
nor
can
discerne
the
one
from
the
other
.
Yet
not
withstanding
there
is
great
difference
which
may
be
easely
kowen
by
the
taste
and
by
the
sharp
smel
which
he
hath
more
then
Terebenthine
,
neuerthelesse
their
strength
dooth
not
differ
much
.
Wherfore
if
you
wil
make
your
medicine
in
forme
of
an
Emplaster
:
you
shall
mingle
with
your
Wax
,
the
vi
.
parte
of
the
said
Rosin
,
which
is
for
a
pound
of
wax
:
ij
.
vnces
of
Rosin
,
and
if
it
be
liquid
and
fat
,
half
an
vnce
shall
suffise
.
And
when
you
wil
not
make
the
medicin
in
forme
of
an
implaister
:
you
may
leaue
out
the
said
Rosin
,
but
you
may
ad
to
of
Galbanum
sontimes
asmuch
as
of
Thus
according
as
need
dooth
require
.
For
when
you
put
to
asmuch
Galbanum
as
Thus
:
the
medicament
is
the
gentiller
,
and
when
you
will
haue
it
more
stronger
:
you
shall
put
to
it
but
half
so
muche
Galbanum
,
and
sometimes
the
lesser
waight
or
quantitie
,
as
if
there
be
iiij
.
dragmes
of
Thus
,
and
iiij
.
drams
of
Galbanum
:
This
is
ment
because
the
Galbanum
is
more
liquid
then
the
Thus.
the
medicine
shal
be
the
more
mitigatiue
and
gentle
.
But
if
you
put
to
but
ij
.
drams
of
Galbanum
:
the
medicine
wil
be
somewhat
stronger
.
Wherfore
in
sensible
and
tender
bodyes
or
Cacochime
it
is
expedient
to
haue
the
medicine
tobe
prepared
with
the
more
quantitie
of
Galbanum
.
Then
when
you
wil
make
your
medicine
to
be
applyed
to
the
Nerue
béeing
bare
or
discouered
:
you
shall
not
put
in
so
much
Galbanum
for
fear
of
causing
pain
,
for
the
Sinews
béeing
bare
may
not
abide
any
strong
medicine
.
Among
the
simples
,
Vinagre
is
sharp
and
very
painful
,
and
for
that
cause
Oil
is
applyed
with
it
,
and
also
sometimes
Galbanum
,
and
for
lack
of
Galbanum
:
you
may
take
such
greaces
that
are
of
fine
&
suttle
substance
,
as
of
wilde
beasts
,
that
is
to
say
,
of
Lions
,
wilde
Bores
,
Leopards
or
Beares
.
Likewise
of
flying
foules
,
as
of
wilde
Ducks
and
such
other
like
,
The
choise
of
the
best
greaces
.
in
their
sted
you
may
take
of
Cocks
,
Hennes
or
Chikens
,
but
this
is
to
be
noted
that
the
greaces
of
wilde
flying
fowles
and
whiche
doo
liue
abrode
in
the
feelds
,
Note
this
for
they
which
doo
not
exercise
the
body
doth
engender
humorꝭ
groce
and
colde
and
vndisgested
are
better
then
of
them
which
be
nourished
about
the
houses
,
for
those
which
be
nourished
within
or
about
any
houses
:
are
more
heauy
,
and
their
fat
is
of
a
more
grose
substance
and
more
moist
,
for
because
that
they
are
shut
vp
,
&
haue
no
scope
to
flye
or
run
as
the
others
doo
,
for
the
exercise
&
stirring
of
their
bodyes
dooth
lighten
and
make
fine
their
grose
humours
.
When
you
wil
haue
your
medicin
of
the
thicknes
of
a
Cerot
:
them
must
be
added
to
the
third
or
fourth
parte
of
Wax
,
or
if
the
greace
be
very
moist
:
you
may
put
to
the
one
half
of
Wax
,
and
so
after
such
sort
as
shal
be
thought
good
,
but
if
the
greace
be
mene
between
bothe
,
that
is
to
say
neither
to
dry
nor
to
moist
:
you
shall
ad
to
the
third
part
of
wax
,
the
whiche
Cerot
shal
be
proffitable
for
many
purposes
,
and
is
called
Diasteaton
,
that
is
to
say
made
with
Talow
and
greace
.
¶
The
Medicine
which
is
called
Dieuphorbium
.
WE
haue
spoken
héertofore
of
the
qualitie
,
nature
and
facultie
of
the
Euphorbium
,
and
after
what
sorte
it
wil
keep
,
&
how
in
time
he
looseth
his
strength
and
how
he
must
be
knowen
by
his
coulour
and
substance
.
Now
we
wil
intreat
of
the
medicines
whiche
are
compounded
with
the
said
Euphorbium
,
and
is
made
as
foloweth
.
Rec.
Euphorbii
,
parte
,
1.
Cerae
partes
3.
Olei
,
partes
,
4.
To
the
composition
of
this
medicine
the
wax
ought
to
be
triple
,
that
is
to
say
,
iij.
times
so
much
in
respect
as
of
the
Euphorbium
and
the
Oile
the
fourth
part
,
but
the
Euphorbium
must
be
new
and
good
.
The
vse
of
this
medicine
is
profitable
in
the
punctures
of
Nerues
,
The
vertue
of
this
medicine
.
and
especially
when
it
is
feared
that
the
wound
wil
close
vp
,
therfore
it
is
necessary
to
haue
a
respect
to
the
strengh
of
the
medicin
,
for
if
it
be
to
weke
the
quantity
of
Euphorbium
may
be
augmented
,
somtimes
there
may
be
added
to
the
half
of
Euphorbium
,
&
somtimes
asmuch
as
of
wax
or
more
.
Namely
if
the
Euphorbium
be
olde
,
for
it
must
be
according
to
the
strength
of
the
patient
.
But
if
the
medicine
be
to
strong
:
you
may
weaken
it
by
adding
to
of
some
Oil
,
or
els
to
make
an
other
more
weaker
according
to
the
forme
and
maner
aforesaid
.
And
if
you
wil
knowe
when
the
medicine
is
to
strong
:
you
shall
marke
these
signes
that
folow
,
that
is
to
wit
,
if
the
Patient
féeleth
great
heat
with
Erosion
,
Signes
for
to
knowe
whether
that
the
medicine
be
to
strong
.
or
if
the
partes
about
it
be
hotter
then
they
were
before
,
or
if
the
pricking
pain
bee
more
raised
vp
then
it
ought
to
be
,
or
if
the
side
of
the
said
prick
haue
any
inflamation
.
Therfore
for
to
chuse
apt
and
conuenient
medicins
:
it
is
needful
to
make
the
composition
in
the
which
there
is
put
iij.
times
so
much
wax
as
new
Euphorbium
,
the
whiche
is
more
stronger
then
the
other
.
If
there
be
v.
times
so
muche
Wax
:
the
composition
shal
be
more
weke
and
gentle
.
And
if
there
be
iiij
.
times
so
much
wax
:
the
composition
shal
be
mene
betwéen
bothe
.
And
if
you
wil
haue
your
Vnguents
such
as
the
Phisitions
call
Acopa
,
Without
labour
.
Vnguentum
Acopa
.
that
is
to
say
taking
away
of
werines
or
pain
:
you
shall
put
to
iiij
.
times
so
much
Oile
as
Wax
.
But
if
you
wil
haue
it
in
forme
of
a
liquid
Cerot
:
you
shall
put
to
double
of
Oile
to
the
Wax
and
if
the
Wax
be
dry
:
you
shall
put
to
of
Oile
ij
.
partes
and
a
half
,
whiche
is
to
say
,
for
one
pound
of
Wax
,
ij
.
pound
and
a
half
of
Oile
.
And
if
you
wil
make
it
plaister
wise
:
there
must
be
added
as
much
Wax
as
Oil
,
namely
if
the
weather
be
temperat
.
And
if
the
wax
be
to
olde
and
dry
,
and
that
the
weather
be
colde
:
there
must
be
somwhat
more
Oil
then
wax
.
But
if
the
wax
be
new
and
moist
,
and
the
weather
hot
:
there
must
be
somwhat
more
Wax
then
Oile
,
that
is
to
say
,
for
one
pound
of
wax
:
xiij
.
vnces
of
Oile
,
&
in
the
composition
of
the
medicine
,
for
the
better
mingling
of
the
Oile
and
Wax
togither
:
you
shall
ad
to
some
Rosin
and
principally
of
Terebenthine
or
in
sted
Colophonia
,
and
if
you
doo
ad
asmuch
of
it
as
of
Wax
:
the
Pich
dooth
make
the
consistance
of
the
Cerot
,
and
note
,
that
which
is
moste
liquidest
:
is
the
best
,
euen
in
like
sorte
as
of
the
Rosins
.
And
if
the
Rosin
be
liquid
,
as
is
the
new
Terebenthine
:
it
shall
suffise
to
put
in
the
third
parte
,
in
respect
of
the
Wax
.
When
Galen
did
compound
any
medicine
,
wherin
is
Rosin
and
wax
,
it
is
to
be
vnderstanded
that
hee
ment
not
that
which
was
dry
and
olde
:
but
such
kindes
of
Rosin
and
Wax
that
were
of
a
ment
substance
,
for
els
béeing
mingled
with
the
others
wil
soone
dry
and
loose
their
strength
,
and
that
for
two
causes
.
The
first
by
the
intemperature
of
heat
of
the
weather
,
and
secondly
by
the
reason
of
béeing
to
long
kept
.
As
for
Propolis
:
it
is
no
other
thing
but
white
Wax
,
and
it
is
more
conueniable
in
plaisters
and
Cerots
then
Rosin
or
Pitch
.
And
more
Galene
dooth
account
Terebenthine
among
the
Rosins
,
and
is
moste
conuenient
of
all
the
Rosins
in
the
fore
said
plaisters
and
Cerots
.
¶
Medicines
made
of
Simples
whiche
wil
dissolue
.
THese
Simples
which
folowe
are
liquible
,
that
is
to
say
,
which
wil
dissolue
vpon
the
fire
,
and
whereof
Cerots
and
Plaisters
be
made
,
and
may
be
boiled
with
moist
things
as
with
water
,
Wine
and
Vinagre
.
The
simples
,
which
are
these
that
folowe
,
Propolis
,
Wax
,
Rosin
,
Ladanum
and
Senum
,
that
is
to
say
,
Talowe
,
and
Galbanum
,
whiche
must
be
prepared
in
a
double
vessel
commonly
called
Balneum
Mariae
,
whiche
is
asmuch
to
say
,
in
putting
of
the
foresaid
simples
within
some
vessel
,
and
then
to
set
it
in
a
Cauldron
of
water
vpon
the
fire
.
There
are
also
simples
that
wil
aswel
dissolue
without
fire
as
with
fire
,
in
moist
things
as
Gutta
Ammoniaci
,
the
licour
of
Sagapeni
,
Panacis
,
Cerapion
and
Oppoponax
.
Rec.
Oppoponacis
,
Galbani
,
Terebenthine
,
Propolis
,
ana
parte
.
1
You
ought
to
take
good
héed
that
your
Propolis
be
neither
dry
nor
olde
,
but
for
lack
of
the
other
:
you
may
put
in
such
as
may
be
gotten
,
but
it
must
be
double
in
waight
and
the
other
Simples
must
be
new
and
liquid
.
¶
Another
of
the
same
effect
.
Rec.
Aseti
sexta
1.
Picis
.
1
,
pound
.
Oppoponacis
4.
vnces
,
the
Pitch
must
be
boyled
with
the
Vinagre
.
Et
fiat
.
The
vse
and
facultit
of
these
medicines
.
These
medicins
afore
named
are
good
in
punctures
of
Nerues
,
and
for
biting
of
mad
Dogs
,
and
principally
for
a
wound
made
by
any
venemous
beast
,
by
the
reson
that
they
are
percing
,
and
doo
kéep
the
sides
of
the
wound
from
shutting
togither
by
the
whiche
meanes
the
venim
which
lyeth
within
:
shall
the
more
easely
be
drawen
out
.
But
for
because
that
the
said
medicines
are
strong
:
you
must
vse
them
in
strong
&
boisterous
bodyes
.
And
if
the
said
diseases
,
doo
chaunce
in
tender
and
delicate
people
,
as
women
and
little
Children
:
then
they
must
be
liquified
with
some
kinde
of
Oil
,
or
resolutiue
Vnguent
,
namely
Amaricum
and
Oppobalsamum
.
Then
afterwards
with
Irinum
and
Comagenum
,
and
in
sted
of
these
Susinum
and
Ciprinum
,
or
if
these
be
not
to
be
had
:
you
shall
take
Oil.
Or
if
it
be
in
Alexandria
,
you
shall
take
Oleum
recinum
and
Rhaphaninum
,
for
surely
there
is
abundance
of
this
aforesaid
in
Alexandria
,
&
also
through
all
Egipt
.
But
there
is
not
to
be
found
Oleum
sinapinum
but
with
great
disicultie
,
the
which
Oile
if
it
be
put
in
the
afore
said
medicament
:
there
is
no
dout
but
that
it
will
be
much
more
stronger
and
better
to
kéep
open
the
punctures
of
the
Nerues
,
and
if
you
haue
no
Oppoponax
to
make
the
said
medicin
withall
:
you
may
take
Sagapenum
dissolued
in
Vinagre
,
Rosin
or
Propolis
,
or
some
greaces
,
The
greaces
which
are
moste
requisite
in
this
medicine
.
béeing
very
olde
so
that
they
be
sharp
,
and
of
a
suttle
substance
,
as
of
a
Lyon
,
Leopard
,
Beare
or
Fox
or
els
of
wilde
Ducks
.
Or
els
these
greaces
folowing
béeing
very
olde
,
of
a
Bul
or
of
a
Gote
.
And
this
is
to
be
noted
,
that
the
older
the
greaces
be
:
the
more
sharper
,
and
namely
the
greace
of
a
Hog
the
whiche
is
more
soft
and
moist
then
all
the
aforesaid
.
And
of
the
like
nature
is
Wine
and
Vinagre
and
Mary
,
but
of
all
Maryes
:
the
best
is
the
mary
of
a
Hart
,
or
of
a
Calf
.
Of
these
aforesaid
medicines
Galene
dooth
counsail
to
haue
in
a
redinesse
,
the
whiche
he
did
alwaies
vse
in
punctures
of
Nerues
,
wherwith
he
had
good
successe
.
The
vse
of
Pigeons
dung
.
FOr
because
that
Pigions
dung
is
sharp
:
it
must
be
vsed
in
the
stead
of
Euphorbium
,
neuerthelesse
it
is
of
a
more
suttle
substance
than
Euphorbium
,
wherfore
it
is
more
conuenient
in
strong
and
boisterous
people
,
as
rusticall
bodyes
dryed
with
labours
,
Galen
sometimes
did
mingle
metalls
togithers
beaten
in
Vinagre
in
the
forme
(
as
before
hath
béen
said
)
and
by
that
meanes
the
medicine
was
made
more
sharp
,
euen
as
though
he
had
put
in
Verdegrece
.
¶
Of
Medicines
called
Diabotanum
,
that
is
to
say
,
made
of
herbes
.
GAlen
the
interpreter
of
Phisick
and
lerned
in
all
thingꝭ
:
would
omit
nothing
whiche
did
appertain
to
the
curation
of
wounds
of
Nerues
,
for
whiche
cause
he
hath
taught
diuers
maners
of
curations
,
to
the
end
that
if
the
one
should
faile
:
they
should
haue
others
at
all
times
when
néed
required
,
and
also
when
vpon
the
suddaine
a
Chirurgian
is
called
to
visit
any
Patients
,
wheras
the
Simples
requisit
cannot
be
gotten
,
therfore
Galen
right
wisely
hath
taught
the
way
to
compound
medicins
for
wounds
of
Nerues
with
hearbes
in
stead
of
the
mettalls
aforesaid
.
First
the
said
Galen
did
compound
medicines
for
wounded
Nerues
of
those
herbes
which
were
of
a
suttle
substance
,
Herbs
and
roots
for
the
composition
of
medicines
.
that
is
to
wit
of
Dictamus
,
Amaracus
,
and
Malus
terrae
whiche
is
Aristolochiae
,
moreouer
he
did
make
some
in
the
which
he
did
put
in
Marou
amaricum
,
which
is
Margerum
,
Polium
argemonae
,
whiche
is
called
Aigrimony
,
Chamapitis
id
est
vina
artetica
centaurium
Radicis
omnium
,
Aristolochiarum
,
Draconculi
,
Ficus
agrestis
,
Brionia
,
Althea
,
Iridis
,
Acori
mei
,
Asari
phoud
est
Valeriana
,
Gentiana
and
Panacis
.
All
the
which
herbes
and
roots
afore
named
Galen
hath
written
and
declared
in
his
Books
of
Simples
.
And
this
you
shall
note
,
that
because
they
haue
a
bitterish
tast
without
abstersion
or
immoderate
sharpnes
:
they
are
conuenient
in
woundis
of
Nerues
,
and
how
they
ought
to
be
vsed
marke
this
that
foloweth
.
The
maner
for
to
compound
medicins
with
the
said
herbes
.
First
they
must
be
dryed
,
then
stamped
and
beaten
very
fine
,
then
searced
through
a
fine
searce
.
For
if
it
be
of
a
groce
substance
:
it
is
not
conuenient
in
wounds
of
Nerues
,
which
dooth
require
the
moste
suttle
and
finest
that
may
be
,
(
as
before
hath
béen
said
)
then
after
that
these
hearbes
and
Rootes
be
finely
poudred
:
they
must
be
mingled
with
Wax
and
Oyle
,
in
suche
sort
as
we
haue
said
of
Euphorbium
.
Compositions
for
wounds
of
the
Nerues
,
which
the
Greeks
call
Politeleis
,
that
is
to
say
sumpteous
,
IT
is
not
onely
profitable
to
haue
the
knowledge
to
compound
medicins
of
the
simples
aforesaid
:
but
others
sumpteous
&
of
great
price
,
for
although
that
they
be
but
seldom
vsed
,
yet
neuerthelesse
it
fortuneth
somtimes
,
that
if
you
haue
a
great
number
of
medicines
:
you
shal
scant
please
the
Patient
,
for
he
wil
haue
them
made
of
such
Simples
as
are
very
sumptuous
.
As
for
an
example
Galen
maketh
mention
of
a
very
rich
man
whiche
he
dooth
not
name
,
in
his
first
Book
of
the
knowledge
of
the
iudgement
of
the
pulse
,
and
this
third
Book
.
The
which
rich
man
did
by
all
the
menes
possible
he
could
,
approoue
to
heale
a
maligne
Vlcer
vpon
one
of
his
seruants
,
then
when
he
did
sée
that
he
could
not
heale
it
:
he
did
commit
it
into
Galens
hands
,
and
after
that
he
perceiued
that
Galen
An
history
of
a
cure
which
Galen
did
on
a
maligne
Vlcer
.
had
healed
it
:
he
did
desire
him
to
giue
him
the
receipt
of
the
midicine
wherwith
he
did
heal
his
foresaid
seruant
.
The
said
rich
man
did
not
consider
that
there
are
many
kindes
of
maligne
Vlcers
:
but
thought
with
one
medicine
to
heale
all
maner
of
vlcers
,
yet
neuerthelesse
Galen
did
giue
to
him
the
foresaid
receipt
.
But
when
he
had
the
composition
:
he
said
go
thy
waies
and
giue
thy
receipt
to
beggers
,
and
let
me
haue
an
other
more
costlyer
and
of
richer
Simples
.
And
also
at
a
nother
time
when
hée
could
not
heale
a
Childe
that
had
a
certain
infirmitie
about
his
eare
(
with
his
owne
medicine
whiche
he
vsed
without
method
)
did
send
him
to
Galen
,
and
afterwards
he
met
with
one
by
chaunce
,
of
whome
hee
did
vnderstand
that
the
said
Childe
was
healed
:
he
was
very
desirous
to
knowe
what
maner
of
medicin
Galen
vsed
.
Then
considering
that
he
had
séen
many
that
haue
béen
wounded
,
bothe
in
Nerues
and
other
places
,
and
hauing
their
fingers
cut
with
putrifaction
,
and
some
of
them
haue
dyed
,
and
others
lamed
.
And
contrary
wise
he
did
vnderstand
that
none
of
them
whiche
Galene
did
dresse
dyed
,
nor
were
in
daunger
of
death
,
but
that
spéedyly
did
help
them
:
he
demaunded
the
receipt
of
same
maner
of
sumptuous
or
odorifferous
Vnguent
for
wounds
of
Nerues
,
An
excellent
method
to
cure
wounds
of
Nerues
.
then
Galene
did
giue
to
him
many
receipts
faithfully
dispensed
,
with
the
whiche
hee
healed
many
that
had
wounds
in
the
Nerues
,
for
the
which
he
gaue
Galen
great
prayse
,
and
gaue
him
moste
harty
thanks
for
giuing
of
them
so
liberally
,
for
whiche
cause
he
did
present
Galen
with
a
present
,
the
receipts
which
he
gaue
him
were
these
that
folow
.
Rec.
Cinamomi
,
Dictamni
,
Mary
,
ana
drach
.
40.
Certainly
these
Simples
are
odorifferous
and
suttle
,
hee
would
not
put
in
Amaracum
,
because
it
had
not
a
good
smel
,
also
at
Rome
it
was
very
hard
to
be
found
,
as
of
Marum
.
You
must
beat
these
Simples
very
fine
and
serce
them
as
before
hath
béen
said
,
and
then
temper
them
with
the
Cerot
made
of
very
good
Oppobalsame
,
and
Tyrrhenique
Wax
,
which
Cerot
is
made
of
viij
.
parts
of
Wax
,
and
x.
parts
of
Oppobalsame
.
¶
The
composition
of
the
receipt
is
thus
.
Rec.
Cerae
,
parte
.
8.
Oppobalsame
,
parter
.
10.
ad
to
of
the
best
Turpentine
parte
1.
the
Terebenthine
is
added
to
in
the
end
,
and
if
you
wil
haue
the
medicine
cleauing
,
and
of
a
resonable
forme
:
you
may
ad
to
also
of
precious
Mirrh
.
Where
the
Nerues
were
bare
Galen
did
vse
the
Cerot
which
the
Gréeks
call
Mirepsice
,
&
the
Vnguents
The
maner
to
prepare
Vnguents
.
whiche
the
Romains
call
Vnguentum
spicatum
,
and
Phuliatum
,
in
adding
to
the
xij
.
part
of
Pompholigoes
washed
,
which
must
be
prepared
with
Terrhenique
,
Wax
,
and
burnt
Nardus
in
a
double
vessell
,
which
is
vulgarly
called
Balneum
mariae
,
and
all
Vnguents
ought
to
be
prepared
after
the
like
sorte
.
In
punctures
of
Nerues
the
moste
sharpest
medicines
are
moste
conuenient
because
they
kéep
the
wound
open
,
but
in
wounds
of
nerues
discouered
,
A
note
of
punctures
and
wounds
of
Nerues
discouered
.
it
is
conuenient
to
vse
medicines
whiche
haue
a
mene
astriction
with
resolute
vertue
,
and
without
biting
,
as
Amomum
.
spicanardi
,
and
Folium
Malabathri
.
The
composition
of
Medicines
by
other
Phisitions
which
Galen
maketh
mention
of
.
THere
was
none
before
Galens
time
which
did
write
the
reason
and
maner
to
cure
the
wounds
of
Nerues
,
neuerthelesse
some
haue
since
his
time
,
but
without
distinction
and
good
order
.
Among
other
a
Phisition
of
his
time
did
prepare
one
as
foloweth
.
Rec.
Cerae
.
6
,
vnces
.
Olei
.
vnces
.
9.
Myseos
.
vnces
.
6.
Chalcitidis
.
drach
.
1.
Aeris
squama
.
vnces
2.
and
a
half
.
Thuris
half
an
vnce
.
Galbani
1.
vnce
.
The
Simples
which
may
be
liquified
,
that
is
to
say
,
the
Wax
and
the
Galbanum
after
that
they
be
resolued
:
you
shall
mix
them
with
the
mettalls
.
first
béeing
beaten
very
fine
with
strong
Vinagre
.
Galene
neuer
knew
the
Author
of
this
composition
,
and
saith
that
he
neuer
found
it
neither
in
Asclepiades
Apothecary
,
nor
in
Petron
,
nor
in
Andromacus
.
Albeit
that
the
ancient
Phisitions
did
compound
good
medicins
.
Another
of
Adromachus
.
The
whiche
is
good
as
Asclepiades
dooth
write
for
wounds
in
Nerues
and
Muscles
,
contusions
and
gallings
,
and
for
any
member
béeing
broken
,
there
may
be
made
with
it
also
Collires
,
for
diseases
of
the
eyes
,
and
is
a
good
remedye
for
pain
of
the
hed
and
for
all
greefs
.
Rec
,
Argenti
spuma
,
Alius
.
18
Cerae
ana
drach
144
Ammoniaci
drach
.
72.
Terebenthine
drach
.
36.
La●oe
succidae
combustae
drach
.
12.
Aeris
squamme
,
Thuris
,
Aristolochiae
ana
drach
,
8.
Olei
ricini
hemi
.
3.
The
maner
to
prepare
it
is
thus
.
First
you
shall
boil
the
Oile
and
the
Litarge
togither
,
af●er
that
ad
to
the
Wax
and
the
Turpentine
,
and
when
it
hath
boyled
till
it
come
to
a
resonable
consistance
:
you
shall
ad
to
Ammoniacum
.
Note
that
this
medicine
The
facultie
and
vsage
of
this
medicine
.
is
not
conueniable
in
punctures
of
Nerues
:
for
because
it
is
astringant
.
Neuerthelesse
it
may
be
vsed
where
the
Nerues
and
tendones
be
discouered
.
And
if
there
be
any
inflamation
:
it
must
be
liquified
with
Oile
of
Roses
,
and
if
there
be
none
:
it
may
be
liquified
with
olde
Oil
,
Recinum
chamamelium
and
others
which
are
for
soft
and
tender
bodyes
,
and
for
the
strong
and
boisterous
:
you
shall
vse
strong
Oile
as
Oleum
radicis
,
●icus
,
Aggrestis
,
Brioniae
,
Asari
,
Dracunculi
,
Aristolochiae
and
Panacis
,
but
the
Aristolochia
and
Panacis
ar
more
strong
then
the
others
.
Another
composed
by
Claudius
Philoxenus
Chirurgion
for
the
foresaid
greefs
.
Rec.
Argenti
spumae
,
Cerae
ana
drach
160.
Ammoniaci
,
drach
.
80.
Propoleos
drach
40.
Alius
.
18.
Terebenthine
,
Resine
,
Siccae
,
Thuris
,
Squame
aeris
,
ana
drach
.
16.
Lanae
succide
▪
combustae
,
Squamae
Stomomatis
,
ana
,
drach
.
8.
Oppoponacis
dra.
4.
Olei
ricini
hemi
.
3.
A
reddish
medicine
of
Halieus
.
Rec.
Argenti
spumae
,
Cerae
ana
.
drach
100
,
Alius
.
100
Terebenthinae
,
Mannae
,
Thuris
,
Galbani
,
Minii
Cinoptici
,
ana
drach
.
8
Olei
sexta
.
1.
This
implaister
The
vtillitie
of
this
Emplaister
is
good
in
gréene
wounds
,
and
for
wounds
of
the
Nerues
,
and
for
Vlcers
of
the
eyes
,
whiche
bee
hard
to
cicatrice
.
And
to
resolue
all
hardnes
and
principally
of
the
Dugs
.
It
is
likewise
good
for
biting
of
mad
Dogs
,
and
for
the
stinging
of
Dragons
,
and
the
venimouse
fish
called
in
Greek
Trigon
Thalassia
,
and
in
Latin
Pastinaca
Marina
,
Asclepiades
dooth
write
that
it
is
onely
for
wounds
,
&
maketh
no
mention
for
punctures
of
Nerues
although
it
wil
serue
in
bothe
.
Another
catagmatique
medicin
composed
by
Moschion
.
Rec.
Argenti
spumae
,
minam
.
1.
which
is
160.
drach
.
Picis
aride
drach.
160
,
Seue
vitulinae
dra
.
160.
Resine
Terebenthine
drach
.
80.
Manne
thuris
drach
.
80.
Cerae
drach
.
40.
Eruginis
oppoponacis
,
Galbani
ana
drach
8.
Olei
ricini
hemi
1.
Aceti
hemi
.
1.
Licorice
cicamini
hemi
,
1.
Picis
liquid
,
ciath
.
3.
The
manner
to
boil
this
Vnguent
is
thus
.
First
you
shall
boile
the
Litarge
and
the
Oile
togither
,
then
ad
to
the
Calues
greace
,
and
after
that
the
Manna
and
the
Thuris
,
let
them
be
stirred
continually
til
they
be
incorporated
,
them
you
shall
put
to
it
the
Pich
,
the
wax
and
the
Turpentine
,
and
consequently
the
others
,
which
must
be
boyled
in
fourme
of
an
Emplaister
,
after
that
you
shall
ad
to
the
Galbanum
,
Eruge
and
Oppoponax
,
dissolued
in
Vinagre
,
then
ye
shall
take
the
licour
of
Cicamini
,
and
the
liquid
Pich
,
and
boil
them
in
another
vessel
,
and
when
they
bee
melted
togither
,
and
somwhat
thick
:
you
shall
mingle
them
with
the
others
,
and
set
them
on
the
fire
again
,
til
they
come
to
a
perfit
consistance
.
Then
you
shall
let
it
stepe
in
white
Wine
the
space
of
iij.
dayes
,
after
you
may
strike
it
vpon
a
linnen
cloth
to
vse
as
an
Emplaister
.
This
Emplaister
The
vertues
of
this
Emplaister
is
very
good
in
gréen
wounds
,
and
for
cutting
and
contusion
of
Nerues
,
for
a
Fracture
with
a
wound
and
with
conuenient
ligature
dooth
cause
calles
to
ingender
in
bones
,
it
is
likewise
good
in
the
beginning
of
an
Hidropsye
,
for
contufion
of
the
Testicles
,
for
Rhagadies
,
for
Tumours
of
the
Throte
called
of
the
greeks
,
Bronchocilas
,
to
be
bréef
this
is
a
right
excellent
medicine
.
FINIS
.
¶
The
curation
of
wounds
of
Nerues
,
Tendons
&
ioints
,
THe
cause
of
solution
of
continuitie
the
whole
and
sound
partes
in
Nerueus
places
,
may
chaunce
diuers
waies
,
that
is
to
say
,
by
contusions
,
as
blowes
with
Stones
,
Staues
,
Hammers
,
Clubs
,
Hargubush
,
Crossebowes
,
bitings
and
such
other
like
.
Likewise
it
may
come
by
sharp
and
pricking
Instruments
.
As
a
Bodkin
,
Speare
,
Dart
,
Thorne
or
venimouse
Beast
,
or
such
like
.
Also
by
cutting
with
a
swoord
,
or
Knife
.
Of
the
which
wounds
some
be
made
acording
to
the
length
of
the
Tendone
,
Nerue
or
Sinew
,
Membrane
or
Caule
,
and
others
according
to
the
bredth
with
great
incision
,
and
some
meane
or
lesser
,
of
the
which
hurts
these
accidentꝭ
may
folow
.
As
pain
,
vehement
fluxion
,
inflamation
,
Feuer
,
losse
of
reason
,
Sinope
,
Apostume
,
Gangrena
,
and
mortification
of
the
whole
parte
,
and
often
times
death
by
reason
of
the
communication
and
consent
that
they
haue
with
the
Brain
and
other
noble
partes
.
Moreouer
it
is
to
bee
vnderstanded
,
that
when
the
Nerues
or
Tendones
bee
but
half
or
little
cut
,
the
wound
is
more
daungerous
,
then
if
they
were
cut
quite
a
sunder
.
That
which
couereth
the
Scul
.
And
so
is
it
with
the
Periosten
,
pericranium
and
membranes
,
or
because
that
the
portion
or
parte
that
is
cut
doth
drawe
him self
to
his
beginning
,
which
causeth
conuultions
and
Cramps
,
but
when
they
be
wholly
cut
:
there
foloweth
no
accidents
.
Insomuch
that
they
haue
no
contrarietie
when
they
retire
,
the
which
is
manifestly
seen
in
the
woundis
of
the
head
,
for
where
the
Pericranium
is
but
half
cut
:
the
accidents
are
more
vehement
then
when
it
is
wholly
cut
,
as
we
may
dayly
sée
by
example
,
when
we
make
incision
to
apply
the
Traepan
.
And
amongst
all
the
hurtes
of
the
Nerues
,
the
prickings
bringeth
moste
pernicious
and
terrible
accidents
,
by
reson
that
the
orifice
is
so
small
,
that
the
humour
cannot
issue
out
,
but
remaineth
within
and
there
gathereth
a
sharpnes
,
whiche
drincketh
into
the
Nerues
and
Tendons
,
and
dooth
cause
them
to
swel
,
and
by
the
swelling
they
are
shortned
,
wherof
commeth
suche
pain
,
that
it
causeth
most
painful
cramps
,
and
such
other
like
accidents
as
before
hath
béen
said
.
The
cure
of
punctures
of
the
Nerues
.
FOr
the
curation
,
there
are
two
things
to
be
considered
,
that
is
to
say
,
to
appease
the
pain
,
and
to
defend
the
parte
afflicted
from
fluxions
and
Apostumation
:
for
the
accomplishing
of
the
whiche
,
you
shall
applye
vpon
the
wound
at
the
beginning
a
dessiccatiue
medicine
,
of
a
thin
and
suttle
substance
,
to
the
end
it
may
penetrate
more
easy
the
botom
of
the
prick
,
and
consume
the
moisture
therin
,
which
other
wise
wold
cause
an
egre
sharpnesse
(
as
afore
said
)
which
sharpnes
would
bring
great
pain
and
accidents
.
Wherfore
you
shall
apply
Oil
of
Turpentine
,
with
a
little
Aquauitae
wel
rectified
,
or
Euphorbium
and
Sulpher
poudred
and
incorporated
togither
,
and
applyed
very
warme
,
or
els
Oile
of
Vitroel
and
Aqua
vite
,
and
round
about
the
place
this
Cataplasma
folowing
.
Rec.
Farine
hord.
&
orrob
.
ana
vnces
2.
Sirup
.
acetosi
,
vnces
3.
Flor.
Camomil
two
handfuls
.
Lixiuii
qui
sufficien
.
fiat
Cataplasma
.
If
by
this
order
the
paine
dooth
not
ceasse
,
and
that
there
be
any
contraction
of
Nerue
:
you
shall
apply
speedily
hot
seething
Oil
with
lint
beeing
dipt
in
it
,
as
well
at
the
botome
as
the
edges
of
the
wound
,
which
must
be
doon
two
or
thrée
times
at
one
dressing
,
for
by
this
kinde
of
Cauterization
:
you
shall
ceasse
the
pain
,
by
reason
of
the
burning
of
the
Oile
,
the
Nerues
or
Tendons
dooth
loose
their
sensible
feeling
.
Of
the
wounds
of
the
ioints
.
THe
wounds
of
the
ioynts
are
for
the
moste
parte
mortall
by
reason
of
their
deneruations
or
Tendones
and
membranes
,
with
the
which
is
mingled
Nerues
,
for
the
which
cause
they
haue
greater
feeling
,
for
the
Nerues
beeing
mingled
with
them
:
causeth
more
pain
,
which
pain
bringeth
this
aforesaid
accidents
,
and
especially
if
they
be
in
the
interior
partes
,
as
vnder
the
arme
holes
,
the
bought
of
the
arme
,
in
the
wrists
or
in
the
hammes
,
or
groynes
.
By
reason
of
the
great
Vaines
,
Arteryes
and
Nerues
whiche
are
in
those
partes
,
and
by
the
meanes
of
solution
of
continuitie
,
that
are
in
those
partes
,
causeth
great
pain
,
flux
of
blood
and
other
like
accidents
.
For
the
ordering
of
the
whiche
:
you
must
perseuer
according
to
the
nature
of
the
said
accidents
,
in
staying
the
flux
of
blood
and
appeasing
the
pain
asmuch
as
you
can
possible
,
and
if
the
wound
be
great
:
you
shall
stitch
it
leauing
an
Orifice
in
the
lower
parte
therof
for
to
giue
issue
to
the
matter
,
this
beeing
doon
:
you
shall
apply
this
poulder
folowing
the
space
of
ij
.
or
three
dayes
to
preserue
the
stitches
.
Rec.
Thuris
sanguinis
draco
.
Boli
armenici
,
terrae
sigil
.
ana
drach
2.
Aloes
,
mast
.
ana
drach
.
1.
fiat
puluis
subtilis
.
The
whiche
poulder
you
shall
apply
vpon
the
seme
,
and
round
about
the
ioint
a
defensiue
made
of
the
whites
of
Egges
,
Oil
of
Roses
,
Bol
,
Mastick
and
Barly
meale
.
And
if
you
apply
any
tent
:
he
must
be
short
and
not
to
big
,
lest
hee
should
cause
pain
,
which
tent
shal
be
applyed
with
a
disgestiue
made
with
the
yolk
of
an
Egge
,
Oil
of
Roses
and
a
little
saffron
.
Also
if
the
said
wound
be
little
and
straight
(
rather
then
to
fal
into
these
aforsaid
accidents
)
you
shall
inlarge
it
to
the
end
that
the
humours
which
be
come
to
the
part
(
by
reason
of
the
pain
)
may
haue
a
large
issue
.
Moreouer
the
afflicted
part
must
haue
rest
and
be
kept
from
colde
,
and
also
from
medicines
which
dooth
relax
,
soften
or
moist
,
but
contrary
wise
they
must
be
astringant
and
dry
as
this
Cataplasma
folowing
.
Rec.
Furfuris
maciris
,
farinae
hordei
,
et
fabar
.
ana
vnces
.
4.
Flor.
Camomille
Melliloti
ana
half
an
handful
.
Terebent
.
vnces
3
Mellis
communis
vnces
2.
Olei
mirh
vnces
.
1.
Oximel
sump
.
vel
Oxicrat
,
vel
Lixiuij
.
qui
suff
.
fiat
Cataplasme
ad
formam
pultis
.
Or
els
this
.
Rec.
the
lyes
of
wine
,
wheat
Bran
,
Cipres
Nuts
,
Galles
and
Terebenthine
,
with
this
make
a
Cataplasma
,
many
suche
other
like
may
bee
made
,
but
this
shall
suffise
.
For
those
that
be
applyed
on
these
parts
must
restrain
,
dry
and
corroborate
or
strengthen
the
ioints
,
this
dooing
you
shall
ceasse
the
pain
,
and
keep
the
humor
from
the
afflicted
parte
.
Moreouer
,
this
is
to
be
noted
,
that
neither
within
the
wound
nor
without
,
you
shall
applye
any
Oilly
or
greasy
medicine
,
for
asmuch
as
it
relaxeth
the
substance
of
the
muscles
,
membranes
and
Nerues
:
by
the
which
meanes
it
dooth
make
the
place
more
apt
to
receiue
defluxions
.
And
also
it
dooth
so
relax
and
moisten
the
wound
,
that
it
is
a
great
hindrance
to
the
consolidation
.
Therfore
the
medicines
(
which
ought
to
be
vsed
in
this
cause
)
must
be
desiccatiue
and
astringant
as
this
that
foloweth
,
which
is
bothe
astringant
,
desiccatiue
and
glutinatiue
.
Rec.
Terebint
.
venic
.
vnces
2.
Aqua
vitae
parum
.
Pul.
aloes
.
Mast
.
mirh
,
Bol
armene
ana
.
2.
scrupples
.
And
so
applyed
as
need
shall
require
,
or
some
other
good
Balme
,
beeing
applied
with
desiccatiue
poulder
,
so
that
the
poulder
be
without
any
sharpnes
,
and
if
there
come
any
accidents
:
it
shal
be
remedied
by
medicins
contrary
to
the
same
,
according
as
néede
shall
require
.
And
this
is
a
principall
thing
to
bee
looked
vnto
,
that
you
keep
the
wound
from
colde
,
the
which
is
all
togither
contrary
bothe
to
wounds
and
vlcers
,
by
the
which
menes
a
great
number
haue
perished
as
Hippocrates
Hippo.
5.
Aphoris
.
20
testifieth
,
saying
that
to
all
vlcers
the
colde
is
biting
,
it
hardeneth
the
skin
,
it
causeth
pain
and
keepeth
wounds
from
suppuration
,
(
for
asmuch
as
it
dooth
choke
the
naturall
heat
,
which
should
bring
suppuration
)
and
causeth
the
place
to
be
euil
colored
:
with
shakings
,
feuers
,
conuolsions
and
extentions
.
So
that
the
excrements
whiche
doo
auoid
is
a
glitting
Musceledge
,
thin
or
watrish
humor
,
which
dooth
commonly
folow
in
these
kindes
of
wounds
,
for
because
it
is
a
proper
humor
that
floweth
out
of
these
wounds
,
for
euery
place
dooth
giue
his
proper
humor
:
as
for
example
the
bone
beeing
broken
,
the
nourishment
of
them
engendreth
a
Calus
.
Now
this
humor
whiche
commonly
issueth
out
of
the
neruous
places
,
is
mixed
with
colde
,
whiche
causeth
extreme
pain
,
and
resisteth
the
medicins
,
although
they
be
potentiall
hot
.
To
appease
the
foresaid
pain
,
and
to
correct
the
intemperature
of
the
colde
humor
:
you
shall
apply
warme
thinges
,
not
onely
potentially
:
but
also
actually
,
as
a
Bullocks
bladder
béeing
half
filled
with
some
resolutiue
medicin
and
warmed
,
or
of
Bricks
beeing
made
very
hot
and
then
quenched
in
Wine
,
and
so
applyed
about
the
ioint
,
and
to
heat
them
as
often
as
need
shall
require
.
By
this
actuall
heat
,
nature
is
holpen
to
disgest
and
resolue
the
humor
contained
in
the
place
,
and
dooth
strengthen
it
,
for
because
that
the
ioynts
haue
but
little
heat
in
them
:
for
the
whiche
cause
there
be
few
medicins
that
wil
profit
,
except
they
be
actually
hot
.
Wherfore
I
wil
conclude
that
the
offence
of
the
iointꝭ
is
increased
rather
of
colde
then
of
heat
.
For
the
which
cause
the
Methodicall
Chirurgian
,
must
haue
a
great
respect
to
these
wounds
,
in
taking
his
Iudication
of
things
naturall
,
not
naturall
and
against
nature
.
And
moreouer
he
must
haue
the
knowledge
how
to
place
the
wounded
ioints
,
which
shal
be
shewed
héer
folowing
.
The
situation
of
the
wounded
Ioint
.
IF
the
wound
be
in
the
fore
parte
of
the
shoulder
:
This
is
ment
by
great
woundes
in
the
ioints
.
you
shall
lay
vnder
the
arme
hole
a
Boulster
and
cary
your
arme
in
a
Towel
bearing
vp
the
elbow
to
the
end
that
you
may
raise
and
holde
vp
the
bone
,
and
so
to
kéep
him
in
his
right
place
,
for
by
this
meanes
,
the
glutination
and
consolidation
,
shall
the
better
and
sooner
be
doon
.
And
if
the
wound
be
in
the
lower
parte
,
then
when
you
see
that
nature
beginneth
to
ingender
flesh
,
and
that
the
lips
of
the
wound
beginneth
to
close
:
you
shall
haue
good
respect
to
cause
the
Patient
often
to
lift
vp
and
down
his
arme
,
for
if
you
doo
forslewe
this
,
and
that
the
Cicatrice
be
once
made
:
the
patient
shal
neuer
lift
his
arme
hye
,
but
with
great
pain
.
The
situation
of
the
Elbow
.
IF
the
wound
be
in
the
Ioint
of
the
Elbow
,
you
shall
situate
the
arme
in
a
meane
forme
,
that
is
to
say
,
neither
to
straight
,
nor
to
muche
bowing
in
,
for
if
the
arme
be
healed
in
a
meane
forme
:
the
diseased
partie
shall
haue
the
vse
of
it
a
great
deale
the
better
,
then
otherwise
he
should
haue
had
if
it
had
béen
to
straight
or
to
much
bowing
in
.
The
situation
of
the
Wrists
.
WHen
the
wound
is
in
the
outward
or
inward
parte
of
the
wrists
,
or
in
the
ioints
of
the
fingers
.
The
hand
and
the
fingers
must
be
situated
half
bowing
and
you
shall
put
within
the
hand
some
round
Ball
or
compressor
,
for
because
that
if
he
keep
his
hands
and
fingers
in
a
straight
forme
&
nothing
bowing
:
they
wil
remain
without
any
office
,
for
because
that
the
action
of
the
hand
is
to
take
.
Wherfore
you
shall
obserue
the
forme
to
the
half
bowing
,
and
hauing
the
said
forme
,
he
shal
be
able
somewhat
to
help
him self
,
in
handling
of
many
things
as
a
swoord
,
Pike
,
Halbart
and
the
bridel
of
his
Horse
and
suche
other
like
,
which
is
doon
by
the
action
of
the
hand
.
The
situation
of
the
Hip.
IF
the
wound
be
in
the
Hip
,
you
shall
vse
such
order
that
the
Os
femar
.
doo
not
come
out
of
his
place
,
the
which
may
be
doon
by
compressours
and
ligatures
,
and
so
to
place
the
Patient
vpon
his
back
vntil
such
time
,
as
it
is
growen
to
a
perfit
Consolidation
.
The
situation
of
the
Knee
.
IF
the
wound
bee
in
the
Ioynt
of
the
Knee
,
the
Leg
shall
not
be
kept
straight
out
:
but
a
little
bowing
,
for
if
he
remain
straight
:
the
Patient
shall
go
very
il
,
also
if
it
be
to
much
bowing
in
:
it
wil
be
to
short
.
The
situation
of
the
Foot
or
Toes
.
IF
the
wound
bee
in
the
Ioint
of
the
Foot
or
Toes
:
the
Patient
shall
keep
them
out
straight
,
and
not
croked
for
if
they
be
any
thing
bowing
:
the
Patient
shall
neuer
go
so
wel
as
when
they
bee
straight
.
FINIS
.
A
breef
gathering
to
gither
of
certain
errors
which
the
common
Chirurgians
vse
:
very
necessary
and
profitable
for
all
Chirurgians
,
which
are
desirous
to
haue
the
right
method
of
curing
.
The
first
error
which
they
vse
:
is
touching
the
dissease
called
in
Latin
,
Lues
Venerea
,
and
in
English
the
French
Pocks
.
THe
errors
which
be
vsed
at
this
present
(
touching
the
Venerian
dissease
)
are
very
great
,
principally
at
the
beginning
,
for
when
it
beginneth
it
appéereth
in
the
yard
with
inflamation
,
Vlcers
and
excoriation
of
the
conduict
of
the
Vrine
,
whiche
commeth
from
the
neck
of
the
Bladder
.
And
after
that
commonly
foloweth
Apostumes
of
the
groynes
,
with
pusshes
and
suche
other
like
discouloured
Pimples
according
to
the
infected
humor
,
for
the
cure
of
the
which
,
they
begin
with
vehement
or
strong
medicins
,
as
Colocinthis
,
confection
of
Hamech
or
such
like
.
And
the
next
day
folowing
they
open
a
Vain
in
the
right
or
left
Arme
(
respecting
not
that
there
may
folow
a
Lask
of
their
vehement
purgation
)
and
then
minister
their
Vnctions
and
suffumigations
whiche
is
certainly
a
manifest
error
.
By
the
whiche
meanes
they
drawe
the
infectious
blood
and
humors
to
the
noble
partes
,
and
féeling
the
inwarde
anoyance
of
the
same
:
sendeth
it
to
diuers
outward
partes
of
the
body
.
The
which
dooth
ingender
hard
tumors
as
knots
and
kernels
not
easely
curable
and
moste
sharp
and
fretting
(
rebellions
against
curation
)
botches
with
such
other
like
.
And
so
by
the
malitiousnes
of
the
humor
:
it
corrupteth
and
eateth
the
bone
,
with
such
paines
and
torments
that
the
poore
patients
are
so
afflicted
:
that
they
knowe
not
where
to
rest
,
and
especially
more
in
the
night
then
in
the
day
.
Therfore
at
this
present
,
I
haue
thought
good
according
to
my
little
skil
:
to
teach
a
method
for
to
bring
these
errors
into
a
perfit
order
.
At
the
begining
of
this
contagious
dissease
:
you
shall
first
begin
this
curation
by
euacuating
of
the
body
with
gentle
Lenitiues
,
which
doo
bothe
coole
the
boyling
rage
of
the
blood
:
and
also
make
it
thinner
,
in
mundifying
the
blood
,
this
must
be
vsed
according
to
the
temperature
of
the
body
,
The
whiche
shal
be
doon
after
that
the
body
is
prepared
,
to
the
end
that
the
solutiues
may
the
better
work
vpon
the
aforesaid
humors
.
For
in
this
case
,
nature
must
rule
the
Chirurgion
,
&
not
the
Chirurgian
nature
.
Then
after
that
:
it
is
necessary
and
profitable
to
open
the
Anckle
vain
,
in
the
right
or
left
foot
,
according
as
the
Apostume
dooth
appéer
&
if
ther
be
no
apostume
:
according
to
the
discretion
of
the
lerned
Chirurgion
,
this
doon
:
you
diuert
or
pul
back
the
aforesaid
infectius
humors
,
from
the
principall
parts
.
And
vpon
the
Apostume
,
you
shall
apply
continually
mollifying
&
drawing
medicins
,
in
dooing
what
may
be
to
bring
him
to
suppuration
.
This
Indications
beeing
accomplished
:
you
shall
vse
of
the
potion
made
with
Ebenum
&
Guaiacum
,
prepared
according
to
the
temperature
of
the
humors
,
which
shal
be
vsed
the
space
of
a
moneth
or
there
abouts
.
And
although
that
some
learned
men
haue
an
opinion
,
that
the
decoction
of
Guaiacum
ought
to
be
vsed
without
any
other
medicines
,
yet
neuer
the
lesse
it
hath
béen
found
by
experience
,
that
the
vse
of
other
Simples
with
it
,
(
béeing
fit
and
agréeing
to
the
diseases
)
hath
a
great
deale
more
profited
,
&
béen
found
of
better
effect
then
if
it
had
béen
ministred
alone
,
for
in
a
compound
dissease
:
a
Simple
remedy
is
not
requisit
.
Although
that
Alphonsus
Ferrus
hath
written
to
the
contrary
,
the
which
Alphonsus
vseth
this
decoction
of
the
wood
in
a
manner
to
all
disseases
(
whose
oppinion
is
not
to
be
folowed
)
which
decoction
is
vsed
in
Pthisi
.
etiam
si
dies
placuerit
in
senio
Philippi
.
Moreouer
they
haue
greatly
erred
,
which
haue
set
forth
the
Radix
chim
béeing
a
root
very
deer
,
vnprofitable
,
and
all
togithers
without
taste
,
and
the
greatest
error
of
all
is
committed
among
them
,
which
haue
brought
in
vse
,
the
diet
of
the
decoction
of
Box
trée
,
whiche
is
an
astringant
wood
,
stinking
and
an
enemy
to
all
the
principall
partes
.
And
if
you
wil
haue
a
wood
whiche
is
moste
agréeable
to
the
Guaiacum
:
you
shal
vse
of
Fraximus
,
the
which
openeth
obstructions
of
the
Liuer
,
of
the
Melt
and
of
the
Rains
,
for
I
haue
knowen
many
which
by
the
vse
therof
haue
recouered
their
helth
.
¶
The
second
error
touching
the
saide
dicease
when
it
commeth
to
suppuration
.
WHen
this
disease
hath
béen
once
taken
in
hand
and
euil
handled
,
either
by
Ignorance
of
the
Chirurgian
or
the
negligence
of
the
patient
:
The
comon
Chirurgians
vse
commonly
new
errors
,
that
is
,
in
giuing
solutiues
with
out
preparing
of
the
euil
humors
.
By
the
which
meanes
they
take
away
the
best
and
leaue
the
worst
behinde
,
wherof
ingendreth
Nodes
,
olde
and
cancard
fores
,
and
such
like
.
Then
they
(
as
euil
or
rather
wursse
)
apply
their
vnctions
or
suffumigations
before
that
the
vlcers
be
made
clean
or
the
Nodes
taken
away
,
and
somtimes
leaue
the
bone
foule
.
By
the
which
menes
they
purchase
to
them selues
both
shame
and
infamy
,
for
with
in
foure
or
fiue
moneths
the
vlcers
open
with
great
corruption
of
the
bone
.
Moreouer
they
commit
an
erroure
touching
the
vnction
,
for
they
anoint
the
hed
,
the
Region
of
the
hart
,
and
other
noble
partes
,
against
all
reason
.
And
also
all
the
whole
body
ouer
,
which
is
the
occasion
of
many
a
mans
death
.
Therfore
to
amend
these
errors
(
when
you
sée
that
this
dissease
is
confirmed
,
and
that
there
are
hard
Vlcers
,
hard
swellings
or
Nodes
)
it
is
the
moste
surest
way
to
mundifye
the
said
Vlcers
and
to
open
the
Nodes
with
a
cawstick
,
then
you
shall
make
incision
in
the
node
vnto
the
corruption
of
the
bone
,
and
then
apply
Praecipitatum
,
or
els
pledgets
with
Basilicon
and
Presipitatum
mingled
togither
,
this
doon
:
you
shall
take
away
the
corruption
of
the
bone
.
And
then
after
that
you
may
safely
vse
your
vnctions
made
with
Axungia
Gummes
,
Mineralls
,
Oiles
and
Mercury
,
also
if
you
ad
thereto
of
fine
Treacle
or
Mithridatum
,
it
wil
be
the
better
.
You
shall
anoint
the
shoulders
,
the
muscles
of
the
back
,
the
Loines
,
the
Hips
,
the
Thighs
,
the
knées
,
and
all
the
outward
members
,
as
Legges
and
Armes
.
But
you
must
take
very
good
héede
that
you
touch
not
the
head
,
the
region
of
the
hart
,
the
Stomack
,
nor
the
ridge
of
the
Back
.
Also
yee
must
haue
a
good
respect
to
ceasse
your
anointing
,
in
suche
order
that
you
bring
not
to
muche
accidents
to
the
mouth
,
wherby
the
Pacient
might
vtterly
lose
the
vse
bothe
of
his
tung
and
teeth
.
Because
that
so
many
ignorant
Chirurgians
,
haue
taken
vpon
them
this
cure
(
without
either
discretion
in
applying
the
vnction
,
or
ordering
of
the
patient
)
I
haue
thought
good
to
write
ij
,
or
thrée
woords
touching
the
ordering
of
the
Pacient
.
When
the
body
is
prepared
of
his
humors
,
with
apt
and
méet
medicines
,
aswel
Sirups
,
Decoctions
,
purgings
,
and
opening
of
the
Vain
according
to
the
disposition
of
the
body
:
the
patient
shal
be
placed
in
a
place
naturally
hot
or
els
otherwise
made
warme
,
whiche
must
be
frée
from
all
colde
,
hauing
the
doores
,
windowes
and
other
open
places
closely
stopt
,
for
the
colde
aire
is
very
hurtful
bothe
for
the
Sinewy
parts
,
and
also
for
the
woorking
of
medicines
,
for
it
wil
deminish
&
hinder
the
actions
therof
.
And
in
this
case
ther
are
many
which
commit
great
errors
,
which
are
worthy
of
reprehencion
,
for
aswel
in
the
winter
as
in
the
Summer
:
they
anoint
the
Patients
in
great
and
large
Chambers
,
where
very
much
ayre
entreth
.
Wherfore
at
the
beginning
of
this
cure
(
if
the
place
be
not
very
close
&
warme
)
you
shall
make
a
Pauilion
with
Couerings
and
suche
other
like
round
about
a
fire
,
by
the
which
meanes
you
shall
keep
the
colde
ayre
from
the
Patient
.
But
if
it
be
possible
:
it
is
better
to
haue
a
little
chamber
close
and
warme
,
and
also
continually
a
pan
with
Coles
in
the
midst
of
it
.
If
it
bee
so
that
the
Patients
be
so
weke
that
they
cannot
abide
the
heat
of
the
fire
,
or
would
be
loth
to
be
séen
naked
(
as
women
or
maids
)
you
shall
anoint
them
lying
in
their
beds
.
First
the
patient
shall
put
out
one
Arme
,
and
then
the
other
,
and
so
the
rest
of
the
partes
shal
be
anointed
one
after
an
other
.
And
you
shall
vse
the
Patients
from
time
to
time
according
to
the
dissease
.
The
third
error
is
concerning
wounds
pearcing
into
the
Brest
.
IT
fortuneth
often
times
,
that
the
wounds
pearce
the
holownes
of
the
brest
,
so
that
great
quantitie
of
blood
dooth
fall
down
into
the
bottome
of
the
same
,
and
there
dooth
stay
vpon
the
Diaphragma
,
Diaphragma
〈◊〉
two
muscles
which
go
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
the
●●●st
&
seperateth
the
hart
from
the
Liuer
.
also
the
heuinesse
of
the
said
blood
oppresseth
the
Diaphragma
,
and
putrifieth
and
ingendreth
an
euill
qualtitie
.
The
which
putrifaction
sending
vapours
to
the
hart
:
causeth
a
continuall
feuer
,
and
commonly
death
within
●
dayes
.
Of
the
which
the
common
Chirurgians
haue
no
consideration
or
els
by
their
ignoraunce
they
knowe
not
the
cause
,
and
so
the
Patient
is
destitute
of
all
help
.
Wherfore
when
you
sée
that
the
wound
perceth
into
the
Thorax
or
brest
you
shal
take
good
aduisement
,
in
searching
out
diligently
,
whether
the
blood
be
descended
into
the
lower
parte
of
the
Diaphragma
,
the
whiche
may
bee
knowen
by
the
stinking
of
the
breath
,
and
by
the
relation
of
the
Patient
,
which
dooth
féele
the
blood
quiuering
or
shaking
inwardly
.
And
also
commonly
his
face
wil
be
of
a
reddish
or
hie
coulour
,
by
reason
of
the
vapours
which
assend
vp
.
And
note
that
at
the
which
side
the
blood
dooth
moste
remaine
in
lying
vpon
the
same
side
:
the
patient
shall
feel
lesse
pain
then
vpon
the
other
,
because
that
the
said
blood
oppresseth
the
Lungs
and
the
Diaphragma
,
the
Chirurgian
ought
to
haue
a
good
respect
to
the
signes
aboue
written
,
and
whilst
that
the
strength
of
the
patient
is
yet
remaining
:
it
shall
bee
needful
to
make
way
for
the
said
blood
to
be
Euacuated
,
betwéen
the
fourth
&
v.
rib
,
a
hand
breadth
or
a
little
more
from
the
Ridge
of
the
back
,
and
your
incision
knife
shall
be
very
sharp
,
also
you
shall
doo
it
by
little
and
little
very
gentlely
in
cutting
Mesopleuria
or
the
muscles
betwéen
the
ribs
,
it
ought
to
be
doon
towarde
the
lower
part
of
the
said
muscles
,
for
the
vain
whiche
nourisheth
them
and
the
ligaments
which
giueth
them
their
mouing
and
féeling
:
are
placed
more
abooue
then
belowe
.
After
that
the
incision
is
made
:
you
shall
let
out
the
corrupted
blood
by
little
and
little
,
according
to
your
discretion
,
and
it
shall
suffise
to
euacuate
euery
dressing
v.
or
vi
.
vnces
,
this
doon
:
it
shal
be
very
profitabe
to
vse
the
wunted
potions
which
you
shall
finde
in
the
writings
of
learned
practitioners
which
haue
largely
written
of
the
said
potions
,
and
by
this
meanes
abooue
written
:
I
healed
foure
in
one
yéer
.
The
whiche
Cures
,
without
the
aforesaid
remedyes
:
could
neuer
haue
béen
holpen
,
for
the
whiche
I
giue
vnto
God
moste
harty
thanks
.
¶
The
fourth
error
touching
the
applications
of
the
Traepans
Terebelles
,
for
fractures
of
the
hed
.
IN
the
fractures
of
the
Skul
:
there
are
committed
great
errors
touching
the
applycation
of
the
Traepan
,
principally
when
the
bone
is
broken
in
many
partes
,
for
they
haue
no
consideration
of
the
shiuering
of
the
skul
,
but
apply
the
Trapan
,
by
the
which
meanes
,
they
presse
down
the
shiuers
of
the
bone
vpon
the
Dura
mater
,
&
rent
or
tere
it
in
such
order
that
it
bringeth
great
&
gréeuous
accidents
,
wherby
commonly
deth
ensueth
.
Wherfore
in
this
case
:
you
shal
haue
a
good
consideration
,
before
that
you
apply
the
Traepan
,
for
it
is
better
(
if
it
be
possible
)
in
this
case
to
vse
other
instrumentis
as
Eleuiatories
,
Cisers
,
Lenticulj
or
such
other
like
,
to
make
way
for
the
brused
matter
which
depresseth
the
Duramater
,
it
shal
be
the
better
&
lesse
danger
for
the
Patient
.
By
this
meanes
I
I
haue
many
times
forborne
the
applying
of
the
Traepan
,
to
the
profit
of
my
Patients
and
my
good
name
and
estimation
Moreouer
there
bee
many
Ignorant
Chirurgians
which
without
consideration
apply
the
Traepan
,
vpon
all
partes
of
the
hed
aswel
vpon
the
comistures
or
seames
:
as
other
places
,
whiche
is
the
cause
of
the
death
of
many
Patients
.
Wherfore
they
ought
to
haue
a
great
consideration
,
and
to
be
very
diligent
in
this
respect
,
and
for
to
vse
their
art
according
to
the
true
method
.
The
fift
error
touching
the
punctures
of
Nerues
.
WHen
it
chaunceth
that
any
is
hurt
by
the
punctures
of
Nerues
,
if
hee
be
not
spéedily
holpen
by
some
cunning
and
expert
Chirurgian
:
hee
is
in
great
danger
to
fall
into
conuolsions
,
which
is
the
occasion
of
many
a
mans
death
whiche
commonly
chaunceth
to
them
that
be
drest
by
the
Ignorant
and
common
Chirurgians
,
for
when
they
begin
the
cure
:
they
make
fomentation
,
with
hot
water
,
wherein
hath
béen
boyled
Mallowes
,
Violets
and
such
like
,
then
after
the
fomentation
they
apply
an
appeaser
of
pain
,
made
with
the
crummes
of
white
Bread
béeing
mingled
with
the
yolke
of
an
Egge
,
Oil
of
Camomil
and
Oil
of
Roses
.
The
which
things
are
altogither
contrary
to
the
Punctures
of
Nerues
.
For
asmuch
as
their
application
dooth
moisten
to
much
the
Neruous
places
and
retaineth
or
kéepeth
in
the
matter
whiche
is
all
redy
come
to
the
place
,
and
if
there
be
any
apostume
it
dooth
augment
and
encrease
him
,
and
causeth
the
matter
to
assend
vp
to
the
brain
,
wherby
ensueth
conuolsion
and
finally
death
.
Wherfore
to
auoide
this
daunger
,
and
to
follow
the
cure
methodically
:
you
shall
haue
first
a
regarde
to
the
Euacuation
of
the
body
,
and
if
the
strength
of
the
patient
be
good
,
to
vse
Flebetonice
Reuolsiue
or
according
to
the
cause
of
the
gréef
.
Then
(
to
take
a
way
that
whiche
is
redy
conioinct
)
you
shall
enlarge
the
Orofice
,
to
the
end
that
the
medicin
may
the
better
penetrate
to
the
bottom
,
and
take
away
the
sharpnes
of
the
humor
.
In
this
case
I
haue
found
very
profiitable
the
Oil
of
Hippiricon
prepared
in
this
forme
that
is
to
say
with
Venice
Turpentine
,
and
for
one
vnce
of
the
said
Oil
,
you
shall
take
half
a
scrupple
of
Euphorbium
,
which
shal
be
applyed
very
hot
with
pledgets
,
&
vpon
that
a
Plaister
made
with
Propolis
,
Gum
ammoniack
and
Wax
asmuch
as
shall
suffise
.
By
this
meanes
the
matter
(
which
is
drunk
into
the
Nerues
or
tendons
)
shal
be
drawen
out
to
the
outwarde
partes
.
Also
for
this
intent
I
haue
found
profitable
Linseed
Oile
and
Enphorbium
of
eche
like
muche
,
with
the
xx
.
parte
of
Sulpher
béeing
very
finely
poudred
,
with
Perosin
and
wax
as
much
as
shall
suffice
to
make
an
Vnguent
.
This
Vnguent
dooth
heat
moderatly
,
attract
and
dissicate
and
is
of
a
subtil
facultie
,
with
the
which
(
by
the
help
of
God
)
the
Chirurgians
shall
get
bothe
honor
and
profit
,
The
sixth
error
is
touching
the
abuse
of
the
runners
about
called
cutters
for
the
stone
and
Ruptors
.
AMong
the
common
Runnees
about
(
which
vse
to
cut
for
the
stone
and
Ruptures
)
is
vsed
a
great
abuse
and
to
be
lamented
of
any
christian
hart
,
for
vnder
this
cure
of
cutting
the
Hernyes
they
doo
miserably
take
away
the
stone
aswell
in
the
Hernia
aquosa
or
ventosa
as
in
all
the
rest
,
the
which
is
vnmanly
and
against
the
wil
of
God
,
and
they
doo
not
only
vse
it
in
men
,
but
moste
of
all
in
little
Children
,
therfore
it
should
be
very
good
for
the
parents
which
haue
their
Children
in
any
maner
of
wayes
troubled
with
any
kinde
of
Hernies
,
that
before
they
commit
their
Children
to
léese
their
stones
,
and
some
times
liues
,
by
any
of
these
that
bee
Runnagates
,
(
for
so
may
I
wel
terme
them
)
that
they
shew
them
to
some
learned
Chirurgian
to
the
end
that
he
may
sée
what
kinde
of
Hernies
they
haue
,
and
so
to
discerne
the
Aquosa
or
Ventosa
,
from
Intestinale
or
Omentales
.
For
certainly
I
haue
séen
Hernies
in
children
which
came
by
the
relaxasion
or
deuision
of
the
Peretoneum
,
haue
been
perfitly
healed
by
the
apt
applying
of
glutinatiue
medicins
&
such
otherlike
,
without
cutting
or
taking
away
of
the
Testicle
.
But
such
is
the
couetouse
desire
of
these
Runners
whiche
make
the
parents
beléeue
that
it
cannot
bee
helped
without
their
butcherly
cutting
,
and
for
to
intrapmony
,
for
they
be
as
greedy
after
it
as
any
liuing
thing
is
after
their
pray
,
not
hauing
the
fear
of
God
before
their
eies
,
but
like
gréedy
gripers
catch
what
they
may
for
the
time
,
and
care
not
what
become
of
them
afterwardes
,
whether
they
liue
or
die
,
wee
haue
had
it
by
experience
of
them
what
harme
they
haue
doon
bothe
by
the
murdering
cruelly
and
also
laming
with
continual
pain
,
for
when
they
come
rushing
into
England
and
haue
suche
a
great
name
at
their
first
comming
.
But
after
when
their
woorkis
be
tried
and
then
the
proof
of
them
seen
:
the
people
for
the
moste
parte
are
wery
of
them
,
and
many
a
fatherlesse
childe
and
widdow
which
they
haue
made
:
may
lament
the
time
that
euer
they
knewe
them
,
and
many
others
(
which
is
not
a
few
)
bide
tormentis
and
pain
by
the
dealing
with
them
.
I
dare
affirme
they
neuer
did
any
cure
in
this
Realme
but
that
there
be
English
men
which
haue
doon
the
like
and
greater
.
Suche
is
the
folish
fantasyes
of
our
English
nation
that
if
he
bee
a
Straunger
:
he
shall
haue
more
fauourers
then
an
English
man
,
though
the
English
mans
knowledge
doo
far
passe
the
others
as
experience
therin
hath
shewed
,
and
this
I
wil
stand
to
the
proof
that
ther
be
English
men
that
shall
in
all
things
doo
asmuch
bothe
by
learning
and
experience
as
any
of
them
all
.
Paraduenture
you
wil
obiect
and
say
,
that
there
be
Straungers
which
haue
doon
cures
which
some
English
men
haue
refused
,
I
wil
graunt
that
it
may
be
so
,
for
there
bee
a
great
many
of
vnlearned
Chirurgians
which
take
vpon
them
the
art
,
&
look
what
they
doo
it
is
by
blinde
chaunce
,
and
so
through
their
blindenes
some
are
marred
,
wherby
after
it
falls
to
a
straungers
chaunce
to
doo
it
,
and
then
it
is
giuen
out
that
all
the
Chirurgians
in
London
could
not
doo
it
,
and
so
the
whole
company
is
defamed
and
euil
thought
of
,
but
I
could
shewe
to
the
contrary
,
where
the
straungers
haue
left
and
could
not
doo
,
English
men
haue
doon
it
diuers
times
:
which
if
néed
be
I
can
bring
the
proof
and
no
small
sort
,
whiche
to
name
I
will
omit
til
another
time
more
meet
.
And
now
to
return
to
the
matter
,
sée
how
long
any
of
these
cutters
doo
tarry
in
a
place
,
some
a
quarter
of
a
yéere
,
some
half
,
and
none
scant
a
yéer
,
for
it
wil
bee
to
hot
for
them
:
for
after
their
beastlines
is
once
knowen
:
then
they
must
seek
a
new
place
,
for
if
they
should
tary
in
one
place
they
would
bee
hated
like
mad
Dogs
,
&
that
they
knowe
wel
inough
.
Now
for
because
that
they
shall
not
deceiue
the
common
people
with
their
fair
promises
:
I
wil
write
all
the
kindes
of
Ruptures
or
burstings
and
how
to
knowe
euery
one
of
them
to
the
end
that
if
any
Chirurgian
which
hath
not
the
knowledge
,
may
straight
at
the
first
sight
knowe
what
may
be
doon
,
and
so
to
enforme
the
parents
of
the
Children
the
trueth
of
it
,
&
what
the
Cutter
may
doo
in
it
,
for
moste
commonly
they
bee
so
ignorant
that
they
knowe
not
the
one
from
the
other
,
therfore
as
I
haue
said
before
,
it
is
néedfull
for
the
Patients
to
haue
an
expert
chirurgian
to
aprooue
him
and
sée
whether
hee
be
able
to
fulfill
that
which
he
promiseth
or
no.
Now
I
will
begin
to
treat
of
the
kindes
of
Ruptures
and
first
I
wil
begin
with
the
deuision
of
them
in
generall
and
then
perticulerly
.
Of
the
viij
.
kindes
of
Hernies
.
THere
be
eight
kindes
of
Hernies
or
Ruptures
wherof
some
haue
their
proper
names
:
and
the
others
by
similitude
,
the
proper
Hernies
doo
moste
commonly
come
by
the
relaxasion
or
Rupture
,
of
the
Pretoneū
,
insomuch
that
the
Intestines
and
Epiplocon
or
zirbus
dooth
loose
their
naturall
place
,
and
of
these
are
vij
.
kindis
,
that
is
Enterocele
otherwise
called
Hernie
Intestinale
,
Epiplocele
or
Hernie
Zirbale
,
Bubonocele
or
Hernie
Inguinale
,
the
hernies
by
similitude
are
when
there
is
some
tumor
against
nature
in
the
Cods
or
in
some
parte
of
the
Groin
,
without
the
comming
foorth
of
the
Intestines
or
Zirbus
,
and
of
these
there
are
v.
kindes
,
the
first
is
called
Hernie
Aqueuse
and
of
the
Gréeks
Hidrocele
,
the
second
hernie
Charneuse
or
Sarcocele
,
the
third
:
Variquese
,
the
fourth
Venteuse
which
is
called
of
the
Gréeks
Pneumatocele
,
the
fifth
Humorale
,
whiche
shal
be
spoken
of
pertitulerly
in
order
,
and
first
we
wil
begin
with
the
proper
kindes
.
Of
the
hernie
Intestinale
.
FOr
because
that
the
hernie
Intestinale
is
the
moste
conuenientest
,
I
wil
speake
first
of
it
.
This
kinde
is
no
other
then
a
certain
descending
down
of
the
Intestines
in
Scrotum
,
the
cause
of
the
whiche
is
when
the
Peretoneum
is
broken
or
relaxed
in
the
place
wher
the
Spermatike
vessels
doo
passe
,
which
coms
commonly
by
some
vehement
strain
,
as
by
vehement
running
,
leaping
,
lifting
,
or
vehement
crying
,
and
such
other
like
,
the
signes
to
knowe
when
the
Intestines
is
descended
into
Scrotum
,
is
when
he
lyes
,
they
wil
easely
be
put
vp
again
without
any
maner
trouble
,
or
may
bee
reduced
the
patient
standing
with
ones
hands
,
and
in
the
redusing
you
shall
hear
a
gurguling
or
noise
,
&
by
this
you
may
knowe
it
from
Zirbus
because
that
when
the
zirbus
is
put
vp
it
makes
no
noise
,
and
also
it
is
not
so
painfull
:
the
other
signes
shal
be
declared
when
we
come
to
speak
of
the
hernie
Zirbale
.
When
this
kinde
is
not
very
farre
gone
,
and
that
it
be
not
complet
:
the
best
way
is
to
cure
it
by
medicines
,
aswel
to
be
taken
inwards
:
as
to
be
applyed
with
out
,
that
is
to
say
with
emplaisters
and
so
by
conuenient
trussing
and
boulstering
stipt
in
the
Iuce
of
herbes
conuenient
for
Ruptures
which
are
of
astringant
and
glutinatiue
facultie
.
I
haue
seen
many
by
these
afore
said
medicines
haue
béen
perfectly
cured
,
yet
neuerthelesse
if
for
the
oldenes
of
it
that
it
be
not
to
be
cured
by
these
menes
:
then
you
must
come
to
the
last
remedy
which
is
by
cutting
,
for
the
executing
of
the
whiche
I
wish
all
men
to
chuse
an
expert
woorkman
,
and
not
to
trust
to
much
to
these
runners
about
,
and
as
for
this
kinde
it
may
be
cut
without
taking
away
of
the
Testicle
.
Of
hernie
Zirbale
.
HErnie
Zirbale
whiche
the
Gréeks
doo
call
Epiplocele
,
is
a
nother
thing
then
the
falling
of
zirbus
(
whiche
is
a
grece
that
couereth
the
Guts
)
into
Scrotum
the
which
moste
commonly
falles
within
Didimes
,
but
yet
sontimes
by
the
breaking
of
the
Didimes
it
falls
out
,
the
causes
aswel
inwarde
as
outwarde
are
the
same
which
cause
hernie
Intestinale
,
for
look
how
the
Peretoneum
is
broken
or
relaxed
in
the
other
:
euen
so
dooth
it
in
this
,
the
signes
are
much
like
also
,
sauing
that
it
is
much
more
softer
,
for
in
the
touching
it
handleth
like
wul
,
and
is
also
lesse
painful
,
and
it
is
more
difficult
to
put
vp
than
the
hernie
Intestinale
,
and
in
the
redusing
makes
no
noise
,
this
kinde
is
lesse
dangerous
then
the
others
by
reason
that
the
pain
is
lesse
and
also
for
because
that
the
excrement
is
not
in
it
as
it
is
in
the
hernie
Intestinale
.
Now
héer
is
a
speciall
thing
to
be
noted
in
this
kinde
,
which
the
common
cutters
doo
vse
,
that
is
,
they
doo
vse
to
cut
away
the
zirbus
whiche
is
descended
within
Didime
without
either
tying
or
cautrising
,
and
so
there
foloweth
a
flux
of
blood
which
hauing
no
issue
but
is
retained
in
the
belly
there
dooth
corrupt
whiche
causeth
most
perilous
accidents
and
moste
commonly
the
death
.
Of
the
relaxacion
of
the
Peretonium
called
hernie
Inguinale
.
HErnie
Inguinale
is
a
descending
of
the
Intestines
or
zirbus
into
the
Groynes
,
which
the
Latins
cal
:
Inguina
,
the
which
sort
dooth
neuer
go
further
then
the
Groin
,
for
when
the
Intestines
or
zirbus
dooth
passe
thorow
the
Peretoneum
:
then
is
it
either
Intestinale
or
zirbale
,
for
this
kinde
is
nothing
but
a
relaxacion
of
the
Peretoneum
.
The
causes
are
as
of
the
others
aforesaid
,
and
it
is
easely
to
be
knowen
by
the
roundnes
,
and
it
will
be
more
easely
reduced
then
any
of
the
others
,
you
may
knowe
when
the
Intestins
is
descended
by
noise
that
it
wil
make
,
though
not
commonly
:
yet
moste
oftennest
as
hath
béen
said
of
Enterocele
,
but
if
it
be
the
zirbus
it
makes
no
noise
,
and
is
much
more
softer
and
not
so
great
pain
.
Of
the
kindes
of
Hernies
which
be
by
similitudes
or
improperly
called
.
HEertofore
we
haue
spoken
of
those
thrée
kindes
of
hernie
whiche
are
properly
called
,
now
it
remains
to
speak
of
the
fiue
kindes
whiche
are
by
similitudes
,
&
first
we
wil
begin
with
the
Aquose
,
whiche
is
no
other
thing
then
a
certain
watrish
tumor
of
Croton
increaced
by
little
and
little
,
&
for
the
most
part
lies
betwéen
heritroides
and
the
Spermatike
vessels
,
how beit
some
times
it
may
be
contained
betwéen
Dartos
and
heritroides
and
betwéen
Dartos
&
the
Scrotum
as
many
learned
men
haue
written
,
the
signes
are
,
that
the
Scrotum
doth
wax
big
by
little
and
little
and
for
the
moste
parte
without
pain
,
and
the
tumore
is
heauy
and
glistering
and
hard
principally
when
the
Scrotum
is
filled
:
it
waxes
in
length
and
dooth
not
return
as
doth
the
Intestinale
and
zirbale
but
remaines
at
one
stay
.
This
kinde
if
that
the
water
,
haue
long
line
there
and
so
corrupted
the
Testicle
:
it
must
be
taken
away
.
Of
hernie
Charneuse
.
HErnie
Charneuse
which
the
Gréekꝭ
doo
cal
Sarcocele
is
a
tumor
against
nature
in
the
Scrotum
which
there
dooth
grow
to
a
certain
scireuse
flesh
,
and
dooth
much
resemble
the
Verequeses
or
swelled
Vaines
,
the
causes
of
the
which
are
by
the
gathering
togithers
of
abundance
of
grose
humors
,
whiche
nature
cannot
rule
because
of
the
weaknes
,
the
signes
are
an
vnequable
hardenes
,
and
inflation
which
dooth
alwaies
remain
in
the
parte
that
is
to
say
the
Dideme
,
and
doth
alwaies
increace
with
pain
béeing
vnequall
and
not
euen
,
wherefore
Guido
saith
that
this
kinde
and
Vanqueuse
ar
very
dangerous
.
Hernie
Verequese
,
HErnie
Verequese
is
an
appéerance
of
Vaines
not
accustomed
about
the
Testicles
and
other
partes
contayned
with
in
Scrotum
.
The
causes
ar
grose
humors
gathered
togithers
as
melancolike
blood
and
such
like
,
whiche
nature
cannot
disparce
because
of
wekenesse
.
The
signes
are
,
replecion
of
the
vaines
about
like
to
the
Twigs
of
Vines
with
softnes
of
the
Testicle
or
Dideme
.
This
kinde
if
it
be
not
very
great
and
far
gone
it
may
be
healed
by
solutiue
medicines
.
The
hernie
Ventose
.
HErnie
Ventose
is
a
tumor
of
the
cods
increaced
of
a
windines
,
the
cause
is
of
the
imbesility
or
weaknes
of
the
parte
,
and
is
knowen
by
the
swelling
of
the
Coddes
and
yard
,
and
glistereth
like
vnto
a
slikt
paper
,
which
comes
sudainly
and
is
round
and
light
,
so
that
there
be
not
another
humour
adioyned
with
it
,
This
is
to
be
cured
with
Carnificatiues
as
Oleum
nucum
,
Oleum
Anethinum
,
Costinum
&c.
and
there
may
be
added
to
of
Séeds
and
hearbes
,
as
Semen
,
anisi
,
Carui
,
Faeniculi
,
Agni
casti
,
Ruta
,
Calaminta
,
Origani
.
&c.
Hernie
Humorale
.
HErnie
Humorale
is
an
Apostume
contained
likwise
in
the
cods
whiche
is
ingendred
of
humors
hot
and
colde
not
muche
declining
from
his
naturall
habite
,
which
may
lye
betwéen
Scrotum
and
Dartos
or
betwéen
heritroydes
and
Dartos
or
onely
within
heritroydes
,
as
for
the
causes
,
signes
and
curation
are
like
to
other
Apostumes
.
Now
that
I
haue
declared
the
definition
,
causes
and
signes
of
hernies
:
it
shall
not
be
amisse
to
expound
in
few
woords
those
parts
which
must
be
opened
when
any
of
these
kindes
must
be
cured
by
handy
operation
,
and
this
is
to
be
noted
first
,
that
the
Testicles
are
couered
with
three
Tunicles
,
the
first
of
them
takes
his
originall
of
the
skin
&
is
called
Scrotum
or
pursse
,
the
second
which
takes
his
originall
of
the
Peretoneum
and
is
called
Dartos
,
the
third
whiche
is
proper
to
the
said
Testicle
and
is
called
Heritroydes
,
these
two
last
doo
not
onely
couer
the
Testicles
but
also
the
Spermatike
vessels
,
aswell
they
whiche
bring
the
substance
where
with
the
Sperme
is
made
which
are
named
Preparans
:
as
then
which
bring
the
Sperme
to
the
neck
of
the
bladder
which
is
called
Eiaculatoires
or
expelling
,
the
which
goes
vp
to
Osepubis
.
The
declaration
of
the
waights
and
mesures
vsed
in
Chirurgery
.
HEer
gentle
Reader
I
thought
good
to
declare
certain
waights
and
mesures
for
the
better
understanding
of
this
book
of
Galens
and
all
other
of
his
woorks
to
the
end
that
yung
Studients
in
this
art
should
haue
none
occasion
of
let
from
the
perfit
vnderstanding
of
it
,
and
first
I
wil
shew
you
how
they
were
called
in
the
olde
time
of
the
Greekꝭ
&
also
of
the
Romains
and
as
neer
as
I
can
how
muche
euery
one
dooth
contain
according
to
our
measure
.
And
as
for
the
names
of
the
simples
:
I
thought
it
good
to
write
them
in
the
Latin
as
they
were
,
for
by
the
searching
of
their
english
names
:
the
Reader
shall
very
much
profit
,
and
another
cause
is
that
I
would
not
haue
euery
ignorant
asse
to
be
made
a
Chirurgian
by
my
Book
,
for
they
would
doo
more
harme
with
it
then
good
.
First
Mina
which
the
Gréeks
call
Mna
,
there
are
of
diuers
sortes
,
for
some
are
Romain
others
Attique
,
others
Egiptienne
,
others
Alexandrine
,
but
Romains
is
according
to
Paulus
Aegineta
and
Galens
16.
vnces
.
The
pound
according
to
the
Romains
is
12.
vnces
.
The
Attique
and
Egiptienne
is
.16
.
vnces
.
The
vnce
whiche
is
the
12.
parte
of
a
pound
is
8.
Drams
.
Deunx
is
11.
vnces
,
which
are
.264
.
Scrupples
,
that
is
,
2.
third
partes
and
1.
fourth
parte
of
a
pound
.
Dextans
is
the
half
and
the
third
part
of
a
pound
,
that
is
to
say
10.
vnces
and
240.
Scrupples
,
Vitruuius
in
his
third
Booke
saith
that
it
is
the
measure
of
ten
Inches
.
Dodrans
is
the
half
and
one
quarter
of
a
pound
,
which
is
230.
Scrupples
,
Vitruuius
in
his
Book
afore
said
dooth
call
Dodrans
the
measure
of
12.
Inches
.
Bis
is
2.
third
partes
which
is
8.
vnces
and
240.
Scrupples
.
Sextunx
is
1.
half
and
1.
twelf
parte
that
is
7.
vnces
and
168.
Scrupples
.
Selibra
is
half
a
pound
or
Semis
,
and
144.
Scrupples
.
Quincunx
is
5.
vnces
.
Triens
is
the
3.
parte
of
a
pound
which
is
4.
vnces
and
120.
Scrupples
.
Quadrans
is
the
4.
parte
of
a
pound
which
is
3.
vnces
and
72.
Scrupples
.
Sextans
is
the
6.
part
of
a
pound
whiche
is
2.
vnces
and
48.
Scrupples
.
Vnsia
is
to
say
an
vnce
whiche
is
8.
Drams
.
Semiuncia
is
half
an
vnce
.
Denarius
or
Drachma
is
the
8.
parte
of
an
vnce
and
is
3.
Scrupples
which
the
Gréeks
call
Grammata
that
is
xxiiij
.
letters
in
the
Gréek
,
and
the
vnce
hath
as
many
Scrupples
as
the
Gréek
hath
letters
.
Scrupple
is
as
it
were
the
beginning
of
all
waights
as
an
introduction
and
is
2.
Oboles
,
an
Oboles
is
2.
Siliques
,
and
a
Silique
2.
Chalces
,
&
the
Chalces
is
8.
Graines
.
The
pound
of
liquid
things
as
Wine
,
Oile
,
and
such
like
,
was
in
Roome
measured
by
a
vessel
of
Horne
whiche
had
xij
.
rundels
about
it
,
and
euery
one
of
them
did
signifie
an
vnce
,
and
was
called
a
mesured
pound
,
Galen
makes
mention
in
his
first
book
Decom
.
medic
.
secundum
genera
,
in
the
making
of
the
white
plaister
.
Amphora
of
the
Italy
measure
,
dooth
contain
72.
pound
of
Oile
,
and
of
Wine
80
,
and
of
Hunny
108.
the
Hunny
is
the
4.
parte
more
heuyer
then
is
the
wine
,
and
the
half
more
then
Oile
The
Ceranium
is
of
Wine
and
Vinagre
80.
pound
,
and
of
Oile
72.
pound
,
and
of
Hunny
120.
pound
.
The
Vrne
is
of
wine
&
vinagre
40.
l.
of
Oil
36.
l.
and
of
Hunny
60.
pound
.
The
Conge
is
of
Wine
and
Vinagre
10.
pound
,
of
Oil
9.
pound
,
and
of
Hunny
15.
pound
.
The
Sestier
is
of
Wine
and
Vinagre
1.
pound
.
8.
vnces
,
of
Oil
,
1.
pound
,
and
of
Hunny
2.
pound
The
Hemine
is
of
Wine
and
Vinagre
10.
vnces
of
Oile
.
9.
vnces
,
and
of
Hunny
1.
pound
.
The
Cotile
is
of
Wine
and
Vinagre
,
10.
vnces
of
Oile
9.
vnces
,
and
of
Hunny
1.
pound
.
The
Oxibaphus
is
of
Wine
and
Vinagre
18.
Drams
,
of
Oile
18.
Drams
,
and
of
Hunny
27.
Drams
.
The
Acetabule
is
of
Wine
and
Vinagre
.18
.
Drams
,
of
Oile
18.
Drams
,
and
of
Hunny
27.
Drams
.
The
Ciath
is
of
Wine
and
Vinagre
12.
Drams
and
4.
Scrupples
,
of
Oile
.
18
Drams
,
and
of
Hunny
20.
Drams
.
The
Cheme
is
of
wine
&
Vinagre
3.
Drams
and
one
Scrupple
and
of
Oile
3.
Drams
,
and
of
Hunny
5.
Drams
.
The
end
of
waights
and
measures
of
the
auncient
writers
.