Arte. Arte.

Foure thinges are made good by art● .

1. A wise wife . 2. An eloquent tongue . 3. A ripe wit . 4. And fauor in worldly affaires .

Cicero in his workes De Oratore , calleth arte the polisher of nature , saying : that what nature ( as presuming too much in her cunning by obliuion , ) hath left imperf●ct : arte by the m●anes of industrie , reduceth to a sp●cial singulariti● , so that alluding to the opinion of Plato , he thinketh nature neu●r in her ●xcellencie , till she be beautified by arte .

Animale . Creatures .

Foure creatures liue seuerally and solie in the foure Elements .

1. The Herring in the water . 2. The Salamander in the fire . 3. The Moule in the earth . 4. And the Camelcon in the ayre .

Plinie in his naturall Histories , assignes these foure creatures to the foure El●ments , proouing that nature hath so particulerlie tied them to these seuerall limits , as otherwise they cannot liue : for proofe , hee saith that the Herring séeing the North star , leapeth at it , but by thrusting her head out of the water , ly●th a long while after dazeled . The Salamander ( saith Aristotle ) in his bookes De natura Animalium , is of a cold c●nstitution , and therefore harboureth neere to the Mount Etna , where amidst the continuall flames he batheth himselfe in the fire : whereof comes the foolish comparisons of our Poets , that séeing Louers scorch●d with affection , like●eth th●m to Salamanders . The Cameleon féeding onely with the ayre , hath this propertie , that hee can change his colour , and turne himselfe into the likenesse of euery obiect , whervpon flatterers that by their ad●lation feède euery mans humour , are compared to Cameleons .

Foure creatures aboue others are most fruitefull .

1. Sheepe . 2. Oxen. 3. Hennes . 4. Bees .

These cr●atures saith Auicen in his Aphorismes , are as they are most familiar to men , so most fr●endly to men , yeelding for euery benefite a requitall , and paying them due with thankfulnesse : for béeing nourished by the hand of man , they yeeld the fruites of their bodi●s , their liues or labours for paiment , appeaching vs thereby of ingratitude , that shew not the like gratefull mindes to our benefactors .

Abondanza . Aboundance .

The aboundance of foure thinges are hurtfull .

1. Of women . 2. Of meates . 3. Of gaming . 4. Of words .

The Philosophers whose sayings haue béene holden as Oracles , haue sette downe this for a principall , that howe perfect a woman be eyther in vertue , beauti● , or wealth , yet they are to men necessarie euils : so that Tymon of Athens who was called Mysanthropos , seeing a trée whereon diuers women had hanged th●mselues , wished that euery trée might yeelde such fruite . More sayth the wise man , hath died by gluttonie then by the sworde . E●cesse of meates is preiudiciall both to soule and bodie , inferring ( saith Socrates ) both sinne and pouertie . Too much gaming in olde time was so odious , that Chilon the Lacedaemonian béeing sent Embassadour to Corinth and finding the noble men playing at dice , hee returned without vnfolding the cause of his comming : not so much as naming the league that hee shoulde haue intreated o● betwixt them , saying : that he woulde not eclipse the glorie of the Spartanes with so great an ignominie , as to ioyne them in societie with dice-players . Antisthenes was wont to say , that in many words , did eyther lye hid much fraud or follie : wishing his disciples to take heede to their talk , for that words had wings , which once let slyp , could neuer be recalled .

Affetto . Affect .

In foure things principally men doe affect .

1. The gayne of money . 2. In clyming vnto dignitie . 3. In gouerning a familie . 4. In dooing euill .

These foure bréede a restlesse desire , and affectionate passion in the minde of man , being couetous to get coyne , ambicious to seeke after preferment , imperious in rule , and insatiate in dooing euill .

Foure affects are insatiable in man .

1. The will to profit . 2. The desire of knowledge . 3. The sight of the eye . 4. And to heare .

Tullie in his Orator , calleth Laelyus helluo Librorum , a deuourer of Bookes , as one neuer satiate with reading ouer many and sundry Authours . Plato spent the greatest part of his life in trauell , onely for the desire of learning . And the Bragmaes and Gymnosophists , counted not those bearers amongst their liues wherein they learned not somewhat . Zeno the Stoick , b●eing foure-score and fourteene yeeres olde , lying on his death-bedde , and hearing some in disputation , lifted himselfe vppe to heare , and beeing demaunded why he did so , aunswered , that when I haue learned this principle I may die .

Abuzo . Abuse .

Foure things are of great abuse in thys worlde .

1. A king vniust in his gouernment . 2. A minde negligent of Religion . 3. A wyse man without shewing the fruites of his wisedome . 4. A rich man vncharitable , and not giuing any almes .

Plato in his Common-wealth , and Aristotle in hys Polliticks , sets downe , that the heauiest burd●n which a a Monarchie can beare , is to suff●r an vniust king . Tynion at hys death wishing the ouerthrow of the state of A●hens , prayed that the Cittie might be seditious , and gou●rn●d wyth vniust Rulers . If iustice ( sayth Anaxagoras ) be to giue euery man his due , what a Monst●r is iniustice , that defraudeth euery man of hys right .

There be foure sorts of p●ople of great a-abuse in the world .

● . A Christian giuen to factions and dissention . 2. A poore man proude . 3. An olde man withou● religion . 4. A Woman that is not sh●mefast .

It is one of the principall badges of the true Church sayth Chrisostome , to liue in vnitie , ●or there is but o●e God , one fayth , and one baptisme : then sith concorde in the principles of Religion be precious , it follow●s , that scismes and controuersies are most pernitious . Wherunto a Poet merilie alludeth this distichon .

Cur nunc tot sidibus luditur vna fides .

There is foure great abuses in thys world .

● . A noble man without vertu● . 2. A people without discipline . 3. A Common-wealth without Law . 4. A young man without obedience .

Lycurgus was wont to say , that the Lawes were the sinewes of a kingdom , which as they did waxe weak , so the Common-wealth dyd decay : and béeing kept in force , did remaine in their pristinate strength & vigour , whereupon , when he had giuen Lawes to the Spartans , he swore them to kéepe his statutes inuiolate till his returne from Delphos , whether he banished himselfe : and after his death , caused his bones to be burned , and the ashes to be throwne into the Sea , that they might for euer be tyed to the obseruing of his Lawes .

Allegrezza . Myrth .

There are foure things that bréed suddaine ioy .

1. To be freed out of prison . 2. To be married . 3. To become a Souldier . 4. To be promo●●d to dignitie .

The sw●etest thing that can happen vnto man saith Crates , is hope in aduersitie to come vnto prosperitie , and eclipsed w●t● d●rkn●s to see the light ●f ●he ●●nn● : for miserie is not so ●itter as felicitie is pleasant , so that well sayth Virgill in the person of Aeneas : Olim hec maem●iss● Iuuabit .

Afflictione . Affliction .

For foure causes a man doth will●ngly suffer affliction .

1. To g●tte honour . 2. To auoide p●●●rtie . 3. In es●hew disgrace . 4. To in●i●● his children

It hath beene an olde Prouerbe , that happy is that sonne whose father goes to the deuill : meaning by thys allegoricall kind of speech , that such fathers as seeke to inrich theyr sonnes by couetousnes , by briberie , purloyning , or by any other sinister meanes , suffer not onely affliction of mind , as greeued with insatietie of getting , but wyth danger of soule , as a iust roward for such wretchednesse .

Antonomazia . Agnomynation .

Foure sorts of men are knowne by excellency , or tytle of agnomination .

1. Salomon when they name the wife . 2. Aristotle when they name the Philosopher 3. Uirgill when they name the Poet. 4. Paule when they name the Apostle . The first admonisheth with wysedome . The second wyth Philosophie . The thyrd wyth Poetrie . The fourth teacheth the true fayth .

These béeing ●wo Iewes and two Gentiles , famous for Theologi● and Philosophie , sheweth to vs by what sundry gifts God doth glory in his creatures , for although Virgill and Aristotle were ignorant of the diuine essence , and knewe God but in shadowes , and as i● were in glasse , yet the secret skill they had in the depth of his works , did prooue a mani●est action against all Infidels and A●he●s●s that denie there is one almightie & euerlasting GOD , Creator of all things .

Auidita . Greedinesse .

Foure things greedie mindes cannot performe . To 1. Abstaine from things ●orbidden . 2. ●nioy things graunted . 3. Use pi●tie . 4. Know a meane in getting .

The perfect description of a greedie or couetous mind , which like the Serpent Hydaspis is so insatiate , as the more he drinketh , the more hee is a thirst , and the more he desireth , the farther is he from the end of his couetous imaginations : yet hauing gotten in part what hee craueth his estate is so miserable , as he gréeueth to vse that for the vse of himselfe , which with long care and trauell he hath gotten .

Amore. Loue .

There are foure degrées in Loue . To 1. Talke . 2. Be conuersant . 3. Taste . 4. Possesse .

In thys diuision is comprehended whatsoeuer is in loue , for the inward motion of the mind which wee commonly call fancie , must be discouered by the tongue , which must be continued by conuersation , otherwise the parties shall not be priuie to the mutuall manners eyther of other , which is the che●fest interest in affection : and theyr mindes once vnited , followeth the fruite of their desires , which is not mad● perfect till hee peaceably possesseth the good he presentlie enioyeth .

Auaritia . Couetousnesse .

Foure things doe spring from couetousnesse .

1. Rapyne . 2. Periurie . 3. Fraude . 4. Murther .

By the braunches is easily discouered what the Tree is , & by such effects is manifested a most wretched cause , so that thys agréeth with the saying of Thales Mylesius , that Auaritia est radix omnium malorum .

Foure things make a man couetous .

1. The feare of want . 2. The oppression of seruitude . 3. The enuie of o●hers . 4. The abo●ndance of children .

It is remembred that Crassus the Romaine , whose reuenewes were so great , as beeing a priuate Ci●●izen , he was able to maintaine tenne Legions of Souldiours for two yeeres with meate and money , yet was so couetous as his extortion had no ende : and beeing demaunded why he was so greedie to gaine : aunswered , for that he sawe the misery of such as did want .

Foure thinges doo asswage couetous desires .

1. The aboundance of riches . 2. Youth inriched with health . 3. Conuersation with liberall men . 4. And want of children .

As before he placed the number of children to be the cause of couetousnesse , so he adde●h the want of children to be the meanes to mittigate such inordinate desire : meaning heereby , that Nature carefull of her seede sowne by propagation , dryueth a care into the minds of Parents to heape vp wealth for their children : and yet Antisthenes at the day of his death , made this prou●so in his last will and Testament , that if his sonnes were wise and Philosophers , they should not enioy one penny of his goods , but if fooles , they should possesse all his treasures .

Allidini . Sloth .

Foure things procure sloth .

1. Obscure and darksome places . 2. Solitarie quiet . 3. Displeasant feare . 4. And weake cogitations .

Pythagoras among his obscure Aenigmaes , hath thys : Take heede thou sitte not vpon a bushell : meaning that sloth and idlenesse were especially to be eschewed , as vices most pernicious to a Common-wealth . For Plato rehearsing certaine perticuler causes of sedition and ciuill mutinie , alleageth idlenesse not to be one of the least , alluding to the saying of Seneca , that as labour and trauell appeaseth tumults , so sloth nourisheth vprores and factions : to auoyde this vice , Hesiodus counsayle is , to shutte vp the day with sweat , to spende time rather in needelesse exercise then in idlenes .

Auocato . Aduocate .

Foure things ought euerie iust Aduocate to obserue .

1. To heare the aduersary with patience . 2. To consider déeply of the things heard . 3. To prepare a right aunswere to the cause considered . 4. To conclude by measuring the caus● after his owne case .

Aristides , the perfect iusticiarie of his time , was so impartiall in hearing his aduersaries plea , that when one came to the harre and tolde him what euill the Plaintife had spoken against him , hee made this aunswer , tell me not what iniuries hee hath doone to my selfe , but what wrong he hath doone to the defendant , for I stande heere to minister iustice , not to reuenge .

Auditore . A hearer .

Foure things are necessary for euerie one that heareth any thing to take heede of .

1. To heare him with silent patience that speaketh . 2. To consider well of the thinges heard . 3. To committe to memorie what is good . 4. To put to obliuion what is euill .

Heere is the counsaile of Plutarch verified , that wisheth euery man to haue two passages in at his eares , the one for good principles , which must be kept as Pearles , the other for such friuolous matters as béeing carelesly heard , ought to be soone forgotten .

Alfiero . A standard bearer .

These foure conditions ought to adorne & beautifie a standard-bearer or Auncient .

1. Noblenesse of blood . 2. Loue to his Countrey . 3. Courage of minde . 4. Policie in warre .

Themis●ocles the honour of his Countrey , and the fl●wer of Chiualrie in his time , who was both a valiant Souldiour and a wise Philosopher , would not suffer anie to beare the standarde or Ancient in hys time , that was not able to carrie the Armes of his auncesters in his flag , and that had doone some exployte before in some battaile of vtteraunce .

Amicitia . Freendship .

Foure things doe procure amitie and freendshippe .

1. A benefite . 2. Familiaritie . 3. Similitude of manners . 4. Eloquence .

Amongst all other causes of perfect freendship , the likenesse of manners and similitude of life is the chéefest , so that when the parts of the minde be homogenes , of one vniforme and mutuall disposition , then commonlie the freendshippe is firme and endureth long : whereas disparitie of manners , may for a time maske vnder the collour of amitie , but at last prooueth brittle : for it is a censure holden for an infallible principle . Dissimulum infida est amicitia .

Foure sorts of men loose their freendes wrongfully & without cause .

1. A rich man oppressed with pouerty . 2. A mighty man depriued of hys dignitie . 3. A happy man thwarted with disgrace 4. An old man ouer burdened wyth yeeres . And these also are despyand forsaken of men .

Scipio the Affrican , after all his glorious victories , sequestrating himselfe to a graunge place , beeing demand●d why he woulde not liue any longer in the Common-wealth , aunswered , for that flying from the iniuries of Fortune , I meane still to keepe my freendes : thinking that if he had beene checkt by any dis-fauour of the Senate , he had presently made shipwracke of his olde companions . For Nullus ad amissas ibit amicus opes .

There are foure principall sorts of freen●●s different in conditions .

1. Fortune freendes . 2. Cable freendes . 3. Faithful freendes . 4. And seruile freends . The first departe at the frowne of Fortune . The seconde vanishe by fragilitie . The third are perpetual . The fourth continue so so long as they are bound by seruitude .

Thys diuision sheweth the difference betweene true and fained fréendship , the one beeing momentarie depending on the fauour of Fortune , the other perpetual , which stretcheth vsque ad Aras : such was the fréendship of Damon and Pythias , of Scipio and Laelius , of Tytus and Gysippus , of Pilades and Orestes , and diuers others , that no aduersitie coulde diss●uer : where as Parrasites , such as Terence and Plautus discouers in their Comedies , hange theyr freendshippe at the Tables ende , and theyr loyaltie at the Caters basket .

Foure sorts of men speedilie get friends .

1. They which be liberall . 2. They which be mightie . 3. They which be pleasant . 4. They which be well tongued and affable in speech .

Doost thou couet saith Diogenes the Cinick , to haue multitude of freendes : then eyther seeke for store of possessions , promotion , or els become a flatterer .

Beneficio . A benefite .

The be foure sorts of men that in despight of themselues haue good turnes and benefits doone them .

1. The debtor when he is fréed from his debt . 2. The childe when he is beaten for hys faulte . 3. He which is troubled with the Lytargie when he is waked from sléepe . 4. And hee which in his lunacie is quieted with bondes .

Although as Epictetus saith , there is nothing swéeter then moderate correction , yet such is our nature drowned in selfe-loue , as offend we néeuer so déepelie , yet we scorne not onelie to be corrected , but to be reprehended : heerein resembling infants & sucklings , the feare the rod more then offence : but as they by such chastisement wexe m●●● warie , so a good man by reprehension becommeth more wi●e .

Foure things doo induce a man to bestow a benefit .

1. Gaine . 2. Feare . 3. Hope . 4. Loue .

In a gift ( saith Aristotle in his Ethicks , ) thou must obserue circumstaunces , namelie , 1. To whom thou dost giue . 2. Why thou doost giue . 3. Howe thou doost giue . 4. And when thou doost giue . Otherwise thou mayest erre in bestowing a benefit : for if thou giue for feare , as thinking so to please thine enemie : for gaine , as couetous of lu●re : for hope , either of the like , or of better , thy gyft is not worth the name of a benefit .

Beni inutili . Things good , yet vnprofitable .

Foure things are good , and yet doe little preuaile after a déede doone .

1. Wytte. 2. Consideration after the déede . 3. Meditation . 4. And sorrowe .

Sero sapient Phriges , when Troy was sackt , the Cittizens were wise : to shutte the stable doore when the steede is stolne , is to wishe for a showre of rayne when haruest i● past : also when a fault is committed , t is good to enter into the consideration of the follie , and to be sorrowfull for the misse , yet they little or nothing profit .

Brenita . Breuitie .

Foure ●hings cannot be of any long continuaunce .

1. A contentious man . 2. A foolish Tyraunt . 3. An v●iust possessor . 4. And a prodigall spender .

Aristotle in his Physicks sette●h downe this principle . Nullum violentum est lontinuum : and Socrates alledgeth this Axiome , euery excesse is both a vice and momentary . Where is diuision , there saith Zenocrates , is confusion . And Thales Mylesius counted it a wonder of the worlde to see an olde Tyrant .

Citta . A Cittie .

Foure Citties more than any o-other are scituated by the sea .

1. Genoa . 2. Venice . 3. Constantinople 4. Pysa . The fyrst rich . The 2. abounding . The thirde full of merchandize . The 4. famous for honorable Citizens .

Venice is seated in the Sea , sixe myles from anie ●●rme Land , walled with the Ocean , and enuironed with Rocks , a Dukedome both rich and mightie .

Foure Citties are greater then the most .

1. Paris in Fraunce . 2. Mylane . In Italie . 3. Florence . In Italie . 4. Rome . In Italie .

Foure things doo speciallie make a Cittie famous .

1. Antiquitie of building . 2. Nobilitie of Cittizens . 3. Uictories wonne in the field . 4. And obseruing leagues and promises .

Lacedaemonia , Thebes and Athens , the three lights of Greece , w●re famous for these foure poynts , being founded long before the rest , bringing foorth many worthie Philosophers & couragious Captaines , as Epapinondas , Themistocles , Alcibiades , and infinite others , which by their Prowesse wonne many great and notable battailes , béeing so strickt in their promises , that they chose rather to die , then to be false to their confederates .

Foure things doo defende a Cittie .

1. Peace . 2. Wisedome . 3. Feare . 4. And iustice .

Demosthenes béeing demaunded what preserued Athens so long in a florishing estate , made this bréefe aunswere , the Cittizens delight in peace and quiet , the Orators are learned and wise , the Common people are fearefull to transgresse the Lawes , and the Magistrates delight to doo iustice .

Foure things doo make a Cittie desert .

1. Intestine and ciuill warre . 2. Restlesse enuie . 3. Want of victualles . 4. And iustice blinded .

Foure things doo driue a man out of a Cittie .

1. The wickednes of a tyrant . 2. Famine . 3. Prodigalitie . 4. And vntimelie gifts .

If wee read the Annuall recordes that Historiographers haue sette downe , as true antiquaries of tyme , we shall finde , that nothing hath sooner ruinated and subuerted Citties , then cyuill warres and enuie : for ambition creeping into the mindes of men through an enuious humour that feedeth their harts , stirreth ●hem by aspyring thoughts to striue for a sole supremacie , so the better to reuenge : as fell out betweene Ptolomie and Caesar , Sylla and Marius , Anthonie and Augustus , which breeding ciuill warres , did almost subuert the state of the Romanes .

Foure things doo make a Cittie habitable , and to be frequented wyth Straungers .

1. The preseruation of iustice . 2. The bountie of the Cittizens . 3. Speedie gayne and returne of commodities . 4. And aboundance of victuals and necessaries .

The Author in all his censures , setteth still downe iustice as a cheefe pyller in a Common-wealth : arguing by this repetition , that nothing is of-greater force in a Cittie , then to giue euery man his due , which Tullie setteth downe for the perfect definition of that vertue , which ( saith he ) containes in it all other vertues .

Casa . A house .

Foure ●hings doo often make a man to returne to his house .

1. The loue towards hys Wife . 2. The pleasantnesse of his house . 3. The want of companions . 4. And the aduersitie of tyme .

Scipio the Affrican , hauing suffered so long his affections to be ledde a wrye , that hee fell into loue with hys Concubine , and so placing her in a Graunge place , absented himselfe from his wife , yet at last by secrete sparks of good wil , which still remained in his hart , calling to mind his wiues vertuous disposition , returned home and forsooke hys follies .

Foure things driues a man from hys house .

1. Too much smoake . 2. A dropping roofe . 3. A fylthie ayre . 4. And a brawling woman .

Heere pollitiquelie is vsed a figure called Clymax , or Gradatio , where ascending from th● lesse , hee endeth in the greater : for rehearsing diuers enormities that are able to driue a man from his house , at last hee concludeth with a brawling woman as the worst & greatest euil of al.

Conoscere . Knowledge .

Foure things are impossible to be knowne or discerned .

1. The flight of a bird through the ayre . 2. The way of a shyp through the sea . 3. The passage of a Serpent ouer a stone . 4. And the way of a younge man in his youth .

Salomon in his Parables as hauing wisedome giuen him from aboue , noting that the wayes of a young m●n are slipperie , and so ouer shadowed with vanitie as they blinde the sence : alludeth the knowledge of his follies to an impossibilitie , proouing by this Aenigmaticall kind of phrase , that his thoughts and 〈◊〉 are builded vppon inconstancie .

Foure things are easie to be knowne .

1. A valiant man in battaile . 2. A good Mariner in a tempest . 3. Good gold in the fornace . 4. And a fréende in aduersitie .

Amicus certus ( sayth the Poet ) in re incerta cernitur , mishappe is the true ●ouchstone of freendshyp , and aduersitie the tryall of freendes . Curtius had not beene known to be valiant , if he had not so worthilie withstoode the Armie of Porsena : Arsidas had neuer béene praysed to Alexander , for a good Mariner , if hee had not béene a good Pylot in necessi●ie : neyther had Damon béene counted so faythfull to Pythias , if hee had not remained a pledge for his freende with Dyonisius in Sycillia .

Carita . Charitie .

Foure things doo procéed from charitie .

1. Reuerence towards God . 2. Loue towards our neighbour . 3. Succour to the oppressed . 4. And instruction to them that erre .

The fruites of charitie are the perfect fulfilling of the Lawe , for Saint Paule sayth , that if he had fayth , & solde all that he had to giue to the poore , and yet wanted loue and charitie , hee were like a tynckling cymball : and in these foure braunches of charitie , is made a perfect deuision of the Lawe , for he setteth down our duetie towards God , in giuing him due reuerence , and our duety towards our neighbour , in louing , helping , and instructing him .

Costanza . Constancie .

Foure things doo induce constancie .

1. The f●are of shame . 2. The feare of punishment . 3. The fear● of fame . 4. And the feare of fraude .

Attylius Regulus was so constant in his promises , that he rather chose death then any way to spotte his fame by feare eyther of punishment or miserie .

Consigliare . A Counsellor .

Foure things are necessarie for him that giueth counsaile .

1. To heare the reasons of both parties . 2. To consider of that which he heareth with discretion . 3. To demaund equal hier for his pains . 4. To giue counsaile conformable to the Lawe .

To be partiall saith Seneca in giuing of counsayle , differeth nothing in preportion from trecherie , for the one deceiueth vnder the pr●ten●e of ayde , and the other vnder the colour of fre●ndship .

Four counsailes are profitable to man .

1. To stand● far from strife & brawles . 2. To preuent perils before they be past . 3. To leaue pleasures that are moste desired . 4. And to make no choyse of delicate viands .

Est virtus placidis abstinuisse bonis : t is a great vertue saith the Poet , to abstaine from things that are pleasant , and therefore séeme good : for vertue euer goeth bare faced , but vice to allure with the more pollicie , hideth her impoysoned hookes with a s●ge●ed bayte .

Cortigiano . A Courtier .

Foure things doo appertaine to a Courtier .

1. To heare with sapience . 2. To answer with prudence . 3. To be offensiue to no man . 4. And to profit the Cittizen .

Baldessar in his Courtier hath the like principles . For Gorsaga setting downe certaine precepts , wisheth that he be euery waie wise , both in hearing and speaking , that hee listen not to friuolous prattle , nor at anie time vtter talke of no importaunce , that hee be courteous and willing to please all , and especially readie to please the Cittizen , for from him riseth either his praise or infamie .

Foure thing● procure a man to be a Courtier .

1. Aboundance of riches . 2. Ambition and desire of honor . 3. Integritie and quicknes of wit . 4. And the hope of rewarde by seruice .

Capitano . A Captaine .

Foure things are profitable for a Captaine in the warres .

1. Treasure to make iust pay to hys Souldiours . 2. Store of meate and munition . 3. Multitude of Souldiers . 4. And wisedome to know the condition of the enemie .

Wee reade in the Chronicles of the warres of the Turkes , that amongst all the orders in his Armie , the Turke dooth vse to giue great pay to his Ianisaries : by that meanes to make them both hardie and faithfull . For in his warres against Cassanus the Souldane , when hée had taken him , and found in his Treasure store of coyne , and yet sawe the minde of the man was such and so miserable , as he would not make francke pay to his Souldiers , he shutte him vppe in a Chamber with all his treasure , and so starued him to death .

Four things doo belong to a Captaine in the wars .

1. Howe to set his souldiers in squadrons with greatest vantage against the enemie . 2. Howe to foresee the enemies intent . 3. To encourage them cheerefully to fight . 4. And to leade his men brauelie to the battayle .

Phillip of Macaedon , beeing demaunded why he was longer in subduing Thebes and Athens then of all Gréece besides , aunswered , for that theyr Captaines were Philosophers and Orators , able to perswade more with their eloquence , then he was to commaunde with his dignitie : whereby hee d●●th admonish , that one of the principall points of a good Captaine , is to exhort his souldiers with skill .

Four things ought euerie one that maketh war to consider .

1. Of what power he is himselfe . 2. What forces the enemy is able to prouide . 3. For what cause he taketh the warre in hande . 4. And what shall be the successe of the battayle .

Foresight ( sayth Epictetus ) is the preuenter of repentaunce , and nothing is more preiudicial in a Captaine then to say ( had I wist : ) for vnlesse the forenamed circumstaunces be carefully considered , he may slyppe into sundrie enormities .

Conditione humana . Humane condition .

Foure things do bewray the condition of man .

1. Hys speech . 2. His secrecie . 3. The motion of his minde . 4. And his exterior gestures .

Ex abundantia cordis os loquitur : alluding to our olde English prouerbe , what the hart thinketh , the tongue clacketh : meaning heerby , that the affections of man are knowne by his spéech , as sa●oring of wisedom or follie , of enuie , as louing to backbite : of wrath● as vttering cholerick tearmes and such like .