EDWARD K. of England the sixth of that name of the Norman Race , was borne at 1537 Hampton court the 17 of October 1537. being the only surviving sonne of K. Henry the 8. by Iane his third wife , daughter to Sr. Iohn Seymer Knight . And because K. Henry did take her to wife , after the death of Katherine his first wife , from whom he had beene divorced , no question nor conceit was cast , but that this Issue betweene them had right to succeede .

All reports do constantly runne , that he was not by naturall passage delivered into the world , but that his mothers body was opened for his birth , and that shee dyed of the incision the fourth day following . After which sort men brought forth , were by the ancient Romanes esteemed fortunate ; and commonly proved great enterpris●…rs with happy successe . For so Plinie writeth : Auspicatius enecta matre nascuntur , sicut Plin. lib. 7. cap. 9. Plin. 16. Fest. lib. 3. Solin . ca. 4. r●…r . mem. Prob. in epit . l. 10. Valerij . Liv. dec. 1. lib. 2. Sil. Ital. lib. 13. Hermo . in castig . Plin. loco cod . Scipio Africanus prior natus . These were called Caesones and afterwards Caesares as Plime , Festus Pompeius , Solinus and Titius Probus affirme . Quia caeso matris vtero in lucem 〈◊〉 .

In this maner was Caeso Fabius borne , whom Livy reporteth to haue beene thrice Consull ; first with Lucius Aemilius , next with Sp. Furius , and thirdly with T. Uirginius . Thus also was Scipio borne , who by reason of his braue atchieuements in Africke , was surnamed , Scipio Africanus prior . But in that Plinie affirmeth , that he was the first who was called Caesar , à caeso matris vtero , he seemeth to haue made a slippe . ●…or before him and somewhat before the warres with the Samnites , one Claudius was surnamed Caesar , because he was in that fashion brought into the world .

In ancient times these births were esteemed sacred to Apollo , as Servius noteth out of these words in Uirgill . Lib. 10 ▪

And therefore Aesculapius because he was ripped from his mothers wombe , was feigned to be the sonne of Apollo ; as Servius vpon another place of Uirgill hath observed . For this cause also in the ancient state of Rome , things consecrated to Lib. 7. Apollo , were kept by the familie of the Caesars . That Iulius Caesar was so borne it is an vncontrouled Report . But that he was the first of the familie of Caesars , who was so either named or borne . It is a thicke mistie error supported chiefly by some men of excellent iudgement in their owne professions , but childishly vnskilfull in anything besides . Plinie writeth Lib. 7. c. 53. that his Father was surnamed Caesar ; who having borne the office of Praetor , determined his life by suddaine death .

What would haue beene either the fortunes or endeavours of K. EDWARD he never attained to yeares of proofe . Assuredly both for the time of his age and raigne , he is rather to bee admired then commended , whereby he raised an high expectation for times to ensue . In one point hee was like the like borne Iulius Caesar. For as Caesar in the middest of his greatest actions , wrote an exact and curious Commentary of all his notable enterprises by Armes . So this Edward during all the time of his Raigne , but most especially towards the end , kept a most iudicious Iournall of all the most principall passages of the affaires of his estate . These memorialls written with K. Edwards hand ( which now shall be the ground of this historie ) were imparted vnto me by the great Treaserer of English antiquities , S. Robert Cotton Knight Baronet , who as he hath beene a most industrious , both collector and conseruer of choice peeces in that kinde , so is he most ingenuously free , to communicate the vse of them to others .

This young Prince was brought vp among nurses , vntill he arriued to the age of sixe yeares , when he had passed this weake and sappi●… age , he was committed to Dr Cox●… , who after was his Almoner , & M. Iohn Cheeke men of meane birth , But so well esteemed for virtue and learning by reason of the place of their employment that they might well besaid to be borne of themselues . These having equall authority for instruction of the young Prince and well agreeing bare equall stroake in divers faculties . Dr Coxe for knowledge of Divinity , Philosophy and gravitie of manners ; M ● Cheeke for eloquence in the Latine and Greeke tongues . But for other sufficiencies ( so farre as it appeares by the bookes which hee wrote ) Pedantique enough . Others also were appointed to acquaint him with the vse of the most respected forraigne languages , all iointly endevouring to infuse into him knowledge and vertue by some mixture of honest delight .

Vnder these teachers the Prince thrived so well that in short time he spake the French tongue perfectly . In the 〈◊〉 tongue he could declaime vpon the suddaine no lesse both readily and purely then many who were reputed amongst the most learned of these times . He attained not only commendable knowledge but speech in the Greeke , Spanish and Italian languages : having alwaies great iudgment in measuring his words by his matter : his speech being alike both fluent and weightie , such as best beseemed a Prince , as for naturall Philosophie , for Logicke , Musicke , Astronomie , and other liberall sciences his perfections were such that the great Italian Philosopher Cardane , having tasted him by many conferences and finding him most strongly to encounter his new devised paradoxes in Philosophie , seemed to be astonished betweene admiration and delight , and divulged his abilities to be miraculous . These his acquirements by industrie were exceedingly both enriched and enlarged by many excellent endowments of nature . For in disposition he was milde , gracious and pleasant of an heavenly wit , in body beautifull , but especially in his eies , which seemed to haue a starrie liuelynes and lustre in them , generally hee seemed to be as Cardane reported of him A MIRACL'E OF NATVRE .

When he was a few moneths aboue nine yeeres of his age , great preparation was made either for creating or for declaring him to be Prince of Wales , Duke of Cornewall , and Count Palatine of Chester . In the middest whereof K. Henry his Father ended his life of a dropsie accompanyed with a spreading sca●…e of his thigh . Herevpon Edward Earle of Hartford and Sr Anthony Browne knight of the order and Master of the horse were forthwith dispatched , by the residue of the couns●…ile , to the young King then lying at Hartford . These came vnto him and the next day brought him to Enfield , neither with preparation nor traine any more then ordinarie . Here they first declared vnto him and to the Lady Elizabeth his sister , the death of K. Henry their father . Vpon which tidings they both brake forth into such vnforced and vnfained passions , as it plainely appeared that good nature did worke in them , beyond all other respects . Never was sorrow more sweetly set forth , their faces seeming rather to beautifie their sorrow , then their sorrow to clowde the beautie of their faces . Their young yeares their excellent beauties , their louely and liuely enterchange of complaints in such sort graced their griefe : as the most yron eies at that time present were drawne thereby into societie of their Teares .

The next day following being the last of Ianuarie the young king advanced towards London . The Earle of Hartford riding next before him and Sr Anthony Browne behinde . The same day he was proclaimed King and his lodging was prepared within the Tower . He there was received by the Constable and Lieuetenant on horse backe without the gates , and vpon the bridge next the Ward-gate by all the chiefe Lords ●…o his counsailo . These attended him to his chamber of presence and there sware allegiance vnto him .

Here he remained about three weekes , and in the meane time the counsaile appointed vnto him by his Fathers will dayly sate for ordering the affaires of the Kingdome . Among these the Earle of Hartford was elected and forthwith proclaimed protector of the Realme , and governour of the kings person vntill he should accomplish the age of eighteene yeares . To this office he was deemed most fit , for that he was the kings vnkle by the Mothers side , very neere vnto him in bloud , but yet of no capacitie to succeede ; by reason whereof his naturall affection and dutie was lesse easie to be over-carryed by Ambition . A few daies after the Lord Protector knighted the king within the Tower , and immediatly the king stood vp vnder his cloath of estate , tooke the sword from the Lord Protector and dubbed the Lord Maior of London knight . Herehence ensued diverse other advancements in honour . For Sr Edward Seymer Lord Protector and Earle of Hartford , was created Duke of Somerset . The Lord William Parre Earle of Essex was proclaimed Marquis of Northampton . S●… Thomas ▪ Seymer the kings vnckle was made Lord of Sudley and high Admirall of England . St Richard Rich was made Lord Rich ▪ S●… William Willoughby Lord Willoughby of Parreham , and Sir Edmund Sheffield , Lord Sheffield of Buterwike . And because high titles of honour were in that time of the Kings minority sparingly granted because dignity then waited vpon desert , which caused it againe to be waited on by respect , every of these testified for others , that it was the pleasure of the Kings Father before his death , that these titles should thus bee conferred .

During this time the body of King Henrie was with honorable solemnities conveyed from London to Sheene and thence to Windsore and there buryed within the Colledge . All his officers brake their staues and threw them into the graue , but at their returne to the tower , new staues were delivered vnto them , this solemnitie being finished the King vpon the nineteenth of Febr. 1547. rode in great state from the Tower to the Palace of Westminster , and the day following was crowned by the Archbishop of Canterbury assisted with other Bishops and all the chiefe nobilitie of the Realme . About the twenty-ninth yeere of the Empire of Charles the fifth and the 33 of the Raigne of Francis the first of France and in the fifth yeere both of the raigne and age of Marie Queene of Scotland .

The same day a generall pardon was granted to all persons as it hath beene vsuall at coronations . But by some envious oppositions or for some other causes vnknowne fixe onlie were excepted . The Duke of Northfolke , Cardinall Poole , Edward ●…e Courtney eldest sonne to the Marquesse of Exceter . Doctor Pates , Master Fortescue and Master Throgmorton . But they overlived that envie and had their pardons afterwards in the first yeere of the Raigne of Queene Marie . A few daies after the Earle of Southampton Lord Chancellor of England ▪ for being opinatiue ( as it was reported , and obstinately opposite to the rest of the Lords in matters of counsaile , was removed both from his office of being Chancellor , and from his place and authority in counsaile , and the great seale was delivered to Sir William Pawlet Lord S ● Iohn , who was Lord great Master of the Kings houshold . But this wound of disgrace never left bleeding , vntill it was stopped by the Protectors fall .

It is certaine that from the first entrance of this King , to his raigne never was King either more loving to others , or better beloved generally of all . The one whereof proceeded from the goodnes of his disposition , the other from many graces and vertues illustrious in him , for besides his excellent beauty and modestie beseeming a Prince , besides his sweet humanity the very life of mortall condition , besides a naturall disposition to all literature , whereto he seemed rather borne then instructed , many noble and high virtues sparckled in him , especially Clemencie , Courage , Care , and knowledge in affaires of state .

To Clemencie he was much enclined , especially in matters of blood , and most especially if it were for Religion , a vertue so much the more esteemed , by how much it had beene lesse vsed before , insomuch that albeit hee was most earnestly affected to that religion wherein hee had beene brought vp , yet none were executed in his time for other religion , but only two blasphemous Heretickes , Ioane Butcher and George a Dutchman .

And when Ioane Butcher was to be burned , all the counsaile could not procure him to set his hand to the warrant . Wherefore they employed Thomas Cranmer Archbishop of Canterbury to deale privatly with him for his subscription . But the King remained firme both in reason and resolution , affirming that he would not driue her headlong to the Divell , but because Heretickes for the most part haue a straine of madnesse , he thought it best to apply her with some corporall chastisem●…nts which with respit of time might happely reduce her to good order . The Archbishop was violent both by perswasions and entreaties , and when with meere importunity he had prevailed . The King in subscribing his name said , that he would lay all the charge thereof vpon the Archbishop before God . Not many yeares passed , but this Archbishop also felt the smart of the fire , and it may be that by his importunity for bloud , hee did offend , for a good thing is not good if it be immoderatelie desired or done .

His courage did appeare in the great delight he tooke in representations of Battailes , Skirmishes , Assaults , and of all kinde of military exercises , his iudgment was great either for errors or fine contriuances in the field . And no actions of Armes were executed in his time , but he would perfectly vnderstand , by what aduantages on the one side or ouersights on the other the euent succeeded . He tooke great pleasure in exercises of actiuity whereto he much trained his servants . And to that end he often appointed challenges among them for wrestling , leaping , running , riding , shooting at roues , and at rounds and such like games , and at riding and shooting , would sometimes be of one of the sides . He had 100 archers of his ordinary guard , who once mustering before him shot two arrowes euery man together against an inch board of well seasoned timber . All stroke through the board , and their arrowes stucke in another board behinde , and divers pierced both the boards ; generally none might be of his guard , but besides of tall and comely stature , such as were either good archers or wrastlers or easters of the barre or leapers or runners or of some other man-like qualitie . He was exceeding skilfull in fortifications , and bestowed great cost in strengthening Calleis , Berwicke , and other parts thereabout , He knew all the principall ports in England , Scotland , Ireland , France , and other countries not farre distant , how they ●…ay , when the tyde served , what vessels of burthen they could receiue and what windes served for entrance .

Touching his care and knowledge in affaires of state , nothing was more conspicuous in him . He was much conversant amongst his counsaile , and would well vnderstand what matters passed their iudgments , and vpon what grounds . In matters discoursed by them , he would often encounter their reasons , and adde most liuely reasons of his owne . In so much that at last they made an order that no matters of weight , should be debated vnlesse he were present . Admirable he was to collect the speeches and opinions of many , and to draw their differences to a true head , alwaies bending himselfe rather iudiciously to resolue , then by doubts and distinctions to perplex a businesse , he had a chest whereof he alwaies carryed the key about him , for keeping record of such matters as were concluded by his counsaile . And embracing businesse for part of his solace , hee appointed set times with Doctor Coxe Master of his Requests for speeding poore mens causes without tedious attendance or delay . Of all the Magistrates Iustices and Gentlemen of sort within his realme , he 〈◊〉 their names , their housekeeping , their religion and manner of life . Hee was skilfull in the exchange beyond the seas , and in all the circumstances and practises thereof . And so was he both skilfull and provident in matters of the Mint at home . To Embassadors hee would giue answere vpon the suddaine and touch both orderly and fully vpon every part of their orations , to the delight and admiration of all the hearers . He much frequented sermons and penned notes with his owne hand , his notes hee ●…yphered with greeke characters to the end that they who waited on him should not read them . His disports were ingenuous and man-like whereby he alwaies learned somewhat . And yet as well from these as from his businesses of state , he dayly reserved some houres for his private studies and exercises with his Teachers . These endeavours fell vpon so excellent a capacitie that in every short distance of time , he made incredible increase both in learning and experience of affaires and consequentlie in loue of all men .

Presently after that he was setled in his governement , D ● Wotton the kings Embassador resident with the Queene Dowager of Hungarie , regent of the Low Countries vnder the Emperor was discharged of that attendance and addressed to the Emperors court , there to reside Embassador for the king insteed of Doctor Bonner Bishop of London , and of Sir Francis Bryan who were called home . He was furnished with instructions that being first informed from the former Embassadors as wel of the general state of the Emperours court as of such particuler intelligences as might serue to advance the kings intentions he should deale with the Emperor to declare al Scots for his enemies , except such as should be friends to the King , which should appeare by his safe conduct . That because it had bin agreed betweene the Emperor and the late K. of England , that the yeare next ensuing they should withioyne forces , inuade the Territories of the French King , he should moue the Emperor to aduise of some order and forme for those proceedings . That whereas the Duke of Lorraine had bin late before at the Emperors court , and made 〈◊〉 ouerture for peace or truce , betweene the Emperour and the French King , he should be informed by Sr Francis Bryan of the whole estate of that businesse and awaite opportunity to put the Emperor in remembrance , that it had beene couenanted betweene him and the King of England , that neither of them should treat of peace or truce with the French King , or any other common enimy without consent of the other , and that the King of England had well obserued that article in refusing to giue eare to the French embassador making overture for such a treatise , That whereas it had beene agreed betweene him and the King of England , that either of them should send certaine ships to sea well manned and apparelled for fight , which all that yeere had beene performed by the king , whereas the Emperour shifted the default vpon his officers , in case he should not cause the said Navy to be forthwith furnished , he should awaite occasion to sollicite the same . Lastly that he should carry a nimble eare as well touching any variation in all these ●…atters , as for other occurrences in France , Spaine , Italie , Almaine , and thereof advertise the king .

But notwithstanding all these cautions and preventions of peace , or truce betweene the Emperour and the French , the king of England finding the Emperour slow in his performances and much suspecting his secret ends entertained a treatie of peace with France , but secretly and a farre off , and to bee governed as occasions should v●…ry , and in reg●…rd h●…reof agreement was made , that all ships and goods which had bin surprised at sea by the English vpon the French , or by the French vpon the English since the beginning of that treatie should be freely discharged . And albeit the English had great adu●…ntage in value of reprisalls , as being alwaies both more strong and actiue at sea , yet the king by his proclamation commanded that forthwith restitution should be made .

Hostility being thus suspended with France , preparation was made for warres against Scotland , the occasion whereof did thus arise .

MARY STYWARD sole daughter & heire to Iames the 5. King of Scots began her raigne ouer the Realme of Scotland vpon the 18 of December 1542 , being then not aboue 7 daies olde , so as the Sunne no sooner almost saw her an infant then a Queene and no sooner was sh●…e a Queene , but she was desired of Henry then King of England , to be assured in marriage to Prince Edward his only sonne , being then not much aboue 6 yeares of age . Vpon this ouerture the gouernor of Scotland assembled the nobility of the Realme at Edenburgh , where after much debatement of the commodities or discommodities like to ensue , they concluded in the end that in March then next ensuing a Parliament should be held to giue perfection and forme to that businesse .

In the meane time S. Ralph Sadler knight was sent embassador from England to the Gouernor and other Lords of Scotland , who followed his charge with so good diligence and advice that in the same parliamen●… , authority was giuen to William Earle of Glancorne , S. George ' Douglasse , S. William Hamilton , S. Iames Leirmouth , knights , and to one of the secretaries of state ▪ to conclude this marryage . These commissioners came into England with whom before the end of Iulie , the same yeere all covenants were concluded , instruments of the contract of marriage interchangeably sealed and sworne , and a peace established for ten yeares , which time expyred both the Prince and the Queene should be of age to consent .

The French King all this ti●…e was so enteartined with warres against the Emperor that he had no sence of these proceedings , but when he vnderstood that these agreements were passed as well for marriage as for peace he b●…nt his best endeuour to dissolue them both . First with intention to impeach both the greatnesse and strength of the English nation ; after with desire to winne this marriage for Francis who afterwardes was King of France . To this purpose the French K. sent for Mathew Earle of Levenoxe , who then serued vnder his pay in Italie and furnished him with mony , forces , and friends , and aboue all with many encouragements to take vpon him brauely the honour of his house , and Ancestors , to remoue the Earle of Arraine from the Regency of Scotland , and to reverse such pactions as he had made . The Earle at his first arrivall in Scotland was ioyfully received , as a man most engaged in domesticall factions , He alwaies vsed curtesie and modestie disliked of none , sometimes sociablenes and fellowship well liked by many , generally he was honoured by his nation and well reputed by strangers , in favour of him the Pope s●…nt the Patriarch of Apulia his Legat into Scotland , who in the Popes n●…me did faithfully assure , that both forces & mony should be sent into Scotland to resist the English . He●… drew the greatest of the Cleargie on his side who were most powerfull to draw on others . On the other side the king was not negligent to support his party with supplies , wher by great troubles ensued in Scotland , which fell not within the times that I hau●… in hand .

In the end the Earle of Arraine abandoned the king of England , and applyed himselfe only to the French by reason whereof , the Regencie was confirmed to him which otherwise he had bin vpon adventure to loose . And as the Earle of 〈◊〉 did forsake the English and adioine to the French , so the Earle of Levenoxe , being forsaken by the French applyed his service wholy to the English , which did not only continue but much encrease the calamities of Scotland , during the time of king Henries raigne .

King Henrie at the time of his death g●…ue a sp●…ciall charge to the Lords of his counsaile , that they should omit no ●…ndevours whereby the said marri●…ge might be procured to take effect , Herevpon they pursued this quarrell in the same st●…te the king left it . But before they attempted any thing by Armes , the Lord Protector assailed the Scottish nobility with a friendly letter , Herein he rem●…mbred them of the promises , sea●…es , and oathes , which by publike authority had passed for concluding this marriage , that these being religious bonds betwixt God and their soules , could not by any politike act of state be dissolved , vntill their Queene should attaine vnto yeares of dissent . Hee farther added that the providence of God did then manifestly declare it selfe , in that the male princes of Scotland failing the kingdome was left to a daughter , and in that King Henry left only one sonne to succeed . That these two princes were agreeable both for yeares and princely qualities , to bee ioyned in marri●…ge , and th●…reby to knit both Realmes into one . That this vnion as it was like to bee both easily done , & of firme continuance , so would it be both profitable and honourable to both the Realmes . That both the easinesse and firmn●…s might be coniectured , for that both people are of the same language , of like habit and fashion , of like qualitie and condition of life , of one climate , not only annexed entirely together ▪ but sev●…red from all the world 〈◊〉 . For as these are sure arguments that both des●…ended from one originall , and had bin vnder one governement , so ( by reason that likenes is a great cause of liking and of loue , ) they would be most forceable meanes both to ioine and to hold them in one body again ▪ that the profit would rise by extinguishing warres betwe●…ne the two nations , by reason whereof in former times victori sabroad haue bin impeach●…d invasions and seditions occasioned , th●… confines of both Realmes laid w●…st or else made a nurserie of rapines , robberies , and murthers , the inner parts often deepely pierced , and made a wretched spectacl to all eies of humanity and pittie . That the honour of both Realmes would enerease as well in regard of the countries sufficient to furnish not only the necessities but the moderate pleasures of this life : as also of the people great in multitude , in bodies able , assured in minde not only for the safetie , but the glory of their common state . That hereby would follow assurance of desence , strength to enterprize , ease in sustaining publike burthens and charge . That herein the English desired no preheminence , but offered equalitie both in liberty and priviledge , and in capacitie of offices and imployments , and to that end the name of Brittaines should be assumed indifferent to both nations . That this would be the accomplishment of their common felieitie , in ease by their evill either destinie or advice they suffered not the occasion to be lost .

The authority and reasons of this letter weighed much with persons of most weighty iudgements , but others more powerful in that state partly vpon vaine hope in regard of the young yeares of the king , partly vpon feare of alteration in religion , and partly in favour of their ancient amitie with the French , and doubting to be brought vnder by the English , were altogether carryed another way , yet they dispatched an Embassador into England , but neither was any thing done , neither do I finde what was propounded to haue bin done .

Herevpon diverse hostilities began to be practised . And first a small ship of the kings called the Pensie hovering at sea , was assailed by the Lyon a principall shippe of Scotland . The sight began farre off and slow , but when they approached , it grew very furious , wherein the ' Pensie so applyed her shot , that therewith the Lyons or●… loope was broken , her sailes and tacklings torne : and lastly , shee was boarded and taken . But as shee was brought for England , shee was cast away by tempest and negligence neere Harewich haven , and most of her men perished with her . I would not haue staide vpon this small adventure , but that it seemed a presage to the succeeding warre , wherein the English acquired a glorious victorie , but lost the fruit thereof , by reason of their stormie disorders at home .

Many such small actions were enterprised dayly , which were but scattering drops in regard of the great tempest which did ensue . For in the meane season an armie was prepared for invasion of Scotland , vnder the fortune and commande of the Lord Protector . The souldiers first assembled at Newcastle and were there mustred by the Earle of Warwicke . Heere they so●…ourned three daies in which time the kings fleete arrived , consisting of 65. Bottomes , whereof one galley and 34. tall ships were well appointed for fight , the residue served for carriage of munition and victuals . Of this sleete Edward Lord Clinton was Admirall , and Sir William UUoodhouse his Uiceadmirall , in this time also a generall muster was taken and order appointed for the March.

In the whole armie were betweene 12. and 1300 thousand foot , 1300 men at Armes , 2800 light horse , being such men for their goodly personages , their ready horses their braue apparell , their armour and weapons , as never before was an armie set forth into those parts in all points better appointed . The Lord Protector being Generall , represented the person and Maiestie of the king . The Earle of Warwicke was Lieutenant generall . The Lord Gray of UUilton was Marshall of the field , and captaine generall of the horsemen . Sir Ralph Uane Lieutenant of all the men at Armes and Dimilances , Sir Ralph Sadler was generall Treasurer , other gentlemen had their particuler charges . But vpon the Generall and the Earle of Warwicke both the hopes and hazards of the maine adventure did wholy turne . And because much shal be said of these two hereafter , because during the raigne of king Edward , they were the principall actors in every sceane , I will briefly declare both what persons , and of what demerits at that time they were .

Edward Seymer Duke of Somerset , Lord Generall was a man little esteemed either for wisedome or personage , or courage in armes . But being in favour with king Henry and by him much imploied , was alwaies observed to be both faithfull and fortunate as well in giving advise , as in managing a charge . About fiue yeares before hee being Warden of the Marches against Scotland , the invasion of Iames the 5. was by his direction encountred , and broken at Solome Mosse , whereof diverse of the Scottish nobility were taken prisoners . The yeare next after , hee and the Earle of Warwicke with a handfull of men to speake of , fired Lieth and Edenburgh , and returned by a leasurely march 44 miles through the body of Scotland . The yeare next ensuing he invaded the Scottish borders , was●…ed T●…uedale & the marches and deformed the country with ruine and spoile . The yeare then next following , being appointed to view the fortifications vpon the marches of Cale●…s , he not only did that , but with the hardy approach of 7000 English men raised an armie of 21000 French , encamped over the River before Bulloine , wanne their ordinance , carriage , treasure and tents , with the losse only of one man , and returned from thence by land to Guisnes , wan in his way within shot and rescue of Arde the castle of Outing , commonly called the redpile . The yeare next ensuing this , he invaded & spoiled Picardy , began the forces of Newhaven , Blacknesse and Bullingberge , and so well applyed his endeavours , that in a few weekes and before his departure they were made tenible , vpon these and other like successes , his succeeding fortunes were esteemed alwaies rather new , then strange , and his onlie presence was reputed a susticient surety for an army , and yet did he never rise hereby , either into haughtines in himselfe , or contempt of others , but remained courteous & affable , choosing a course least subiect to envie , betweene stiffe slubbornes and filthy slattery , never aspiring higher then to be the second person in state .

Iohn' Dudley Earle of Warwicke was a man of ancient nobilitie , comely in stature and countenance , but of little gravitie or abstinence in pleasures , yea sometimes almost dissolute , which was not much regarded , if in a time when vices began to grow into fashion , a great man was not over severe . He was of a great spirit and highly aspiring , not forbearing to make any mischiefe the meanes for attaining his ambitious endes . Hereto his good wit and pleasant speeches were altogether serviceable , having the art also by emptie promises and threats to draw others to his purpose , in matters of armes he was both skilfull and industrious , and as well in fore-sight as resolution present and great . Being made L. Lieutenant of Bulloine , when it was first taken by the English , the walls sore beaten & shaken , and in very truth searce mainetaineable , he defended the place against the Dolphine whose armie was accounted to consist of 52000 men . And when the Dolphine had entred the base towne , not without slaughter of divers of the English , by a braue sally he cast out the French againe with the losse of aboue 800 of their men esteemed the best souldiours in France . The yeare next ensuing when the French had a great ●…leete at sea for invasion of England , he was appointed Admirall and presented battaile to the French Navy , which they refused and returned home with all their threats and cost in vaine . Herevpon he landed 5000 men in France , fired Treport , and diverse villages there abouts & returned to his ships with the losse only of one man . To say truth for enterprises by armes , he was the Minion of that time , so as few things he attempted , but he atchieued with honour , which made him more proud and ambitious when he had done . Generally he alwaies encreased both in estimation with the king , and authority among the Nobility , doubtfull whether by fatall destinie to the state , or whether by his vertues , or at least by his appearances of vertues .

Now the Generall in this voyage was diligent and carefull , and to perfect all practises which might serue to advance the adventure , as to giue good contentment to all the Souldiers . These also were of good confidence and cheere , as well out of their owne courage , as for the skill , valour , and fortune of their commanders . And first every souldier was commanded to take with him provision for foure daies , and so were let out of Berwicke and encamped about two slight shootes off the towne vpon the sea side towardes Scotland . The Lord Clynton also put to sea with his fleete , alwaies holding his course With the army to relieue them if neede should require . Here proclamation was made in three parts of the field , declaring the causes of this iourney , and offering not only peace , but loue and rewards to all such as would either advance or favour the marriage betweene the two princes . Hereof it was conceiued that the Scots had good intelligence , hauing some factors doubtlesse at this mart , albeit , ( as wisdome was ) they did not openly trade .

The next day they began to march , wherein the Lord Gray and Sir Francis Bryan led aboue 800 lighthorsemen as a scout a mile or two before the army , aswell to giue advertisement of appearance or approach of enimies as to provide lodging both commodious and safe , St Francis Bryan was so regardfull of his charge as he neuer disposed any matter of weight but first he acquainted the Generall therewith , neither did he at any time forsake his saddle , vntill the army were quartered , and seated in such order , as if any alarme should be giuen , the horsemen might issue forth without disturbance of the foote , and the Avauntguard without shufling with the battaile or Arriere , next to the light horsemen followed the Auantguard , in number betweene 3 and 4000 foote , 100 men at armes and 600 light horsemen led by the Earle of Warwicke . The Battaile followed consisting of about 6000 foote , 600 men at armes , and about 1000 light horsemen conducted , by the Lord Generall himselfe . Lastly followed the Arrier wherein were betweene 3 and 4000 foote , 100 men at armes and 600 light horse vnder the conduct of the Lord Dacres aliuely aged gentleman no lesse setled in experience then in yeares ▪ vpon one wing the Artillery was drawn being 16 peeces , euery peece hauing his guard of pioners to plain the waies , the other wing was made by men at armes and demilances for the Avantguard and halfe the battaile ridingabout two flight shoote from their side . The other halfe of the battaile and the whole flancke of the Arrier was cloased by the carriages being 900 cartes , besides wagons . The residue of the men at armes and Demilances marched behinde .

In this order both beautifull and firme they marched two daies vsing no hostility , least peace thereby might happely be hindred . The second day they arriued at a place called the Peathes , a valley stretching towards the sea 6 miles in length , about 20 score in breadth aboue , and 5 score in the bottome wherein runnes a little riuer . The bankes are so steepe on either side , that the passage is not direct , but by paths leading sloopewise , which being many the Place is therevpon called the Peathes . It was giuen forth in the army that here the Scots prepared to resist them , howbeit no forces appeared . Only the Pathes were cut in diuers places with trauerse trenches , which much encumbred the carriages vntill the Pioners had leveld them againe , Assuredly a small power ioyned to the advantage of the place might haue troubled the English very much . For albeit no resistance was made yet the English had much to doe in surmounting the naturall difficulties of the place , the greatest part of one day .

Passage being made the generall summoned three castles that were neere . One desperate of succor and not desirous to dispute the defence presently yeelded , but two stood vpon their aduenture . So the Cannon was planted a breach made and the place entered , but , then the moderation of the Generall was both vnusuall and vnexpected , in sparing the Defendants liues , for it hath bin a long observed law of the field . That if a small company of better courage then iudgment , will contrary to all military discipline maintaine a feeble place against royall forces , if they will offer to impeach the purposes of an army , which they haue no reason to thinke themselues able to resist , after battery presented they put themselues out of all ordinary expectation of mercy and so Cesar answered the Adviatici , Civitatem conservat●…rum , ●…i Caes. 2. Gallic . Conest . 6. privsquā aries murum attigisset se dedissent . And so the Duke d●… Alua much blamed Prosper Columnus for receiuing a castle vpon conditions after he had beaten it with the Cannon . And in this case I conceiue the law of God to be vnderstood ; which spareth not those citties that will not yeeld vntill they be beseiged , meaning doubtlesse when the defendants haue little reason to thinke themselues able to Deut. 20. make defence , I will not involue in silence with what a sodaine statagem of wit , the defendants of one of these peeces escaped extremities , when they vnderstood both that they were not able to defend themselues , and that their obstinaey had excluded all hope of pardon . They made petition that they might not presently be slaine ; but haue some time to recommend their soules to God , and afterwards be hanged , this respite being first obtained their pardon did more easily ensue .