HERODIAN
HIS
IMPERIALL
HISTORIE
.
The
first
Booke
.
The
Contents
.
HErodian's
Historicall
faith
.
The
rare
and
choice
Occurrents
here
recorded
.
A
briefe
Character
of
the
Emperors
insuing
.
A
Summary
of
the
Emperor
Marcus
his
Life
and
Reigne
.
The
education
of
Prince
Commodus
.
How
Marcus
bestowed
his
Daughters
.
His
Princely
Qualities
.
Herodian
a
great
Statesman
.
Marcus
misdoubts
Commodus
.
His
speech
on
his
death-bed
.
Hee
dies
and
is
generally
lamented
.
Commodus
succeeds
.
His
speech
to
the
Army
.
His
bad
Courtiers
.
Pompeianus
a
grave
Counceller
.
Romane
Triumphs
.
Commodus
poasteth
to
Rome
.
The
Romanes
dearely
affect
him
.
His
Description
.
His
Entrie
into
Rome
.
Perennius
a
Favourite
.
Lucilla
,
Commodus
his
Sister
,
conspires
against
him
.
Perennius
his
Treason
.
Iupiters
Festivall
.
Romane
Priests
honoured
.
Perennius
discovered
and
beheaded
.
Maternus
rebells
:
his
Plot
detected
.
The
Mother
of
the
Gods
:
her
Holiday
;
and
History
.
The
strange
river
that
made
men
geld
themselves
.
A
Plague
and
Famine
at
Rome
.
Cleander
a
Favourite
.
His
Treason
.
He
is
generally
hated
.
He
armes
the
Souldiers
against
the
Commons
.
Fadilla
detects
him
.
He
is
beheaded
.
Commodus
his
Cruelty
and
Credulity
.
Strange
Prodigies
.
Rome
fired
.
Commodus
debauched
and
infatuated
.
Liberty
,
a
Goddesse
.
Commodus
,
an
excellent
Archer
.
Hee
fights
naked
with
Fencers
before
all
the
People
.
New-yeares-gifts
.
New-years-tide
solemnly
kept
.
Marcia
,
Commodus
his
chiefe
Concubine
.
Philo-Commodus
.
Marcia
and
others
conspire
Commodus
Death
.
Hee
is
poyson'd
and
strangled
.
HERODIAN'S
Induction
.
OF
those
which
have
hitherto
bestowed
their
paines
in
compiling
Historie
,
and
recording
the
Acts
of
ancient
Time
,
divers
affecting
the
reputation
of
Learning
,
and
covering
by
wel-tuned
language
to
eternize
their
Fame
(
lest
by
silence
they
should
bee
lost
among
the
Vulgar
)
have
beene
more
carefull
to
gild
and
embosse
their
Discourse
,
than
to
mine
and
search
out
the
Truth
:
supposing
(
belike
)
though
they
Others
againe
,
transported
For
my
owne
part
,
I
have
[
*
](A03096-e12280-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
faithfully
and
industriously
collected
,
and
cannot
bee
unknowne
to
the
moderne
Readers
:
and
I
doubt
not
,
but
the
intelligence
of
so
many
ra●e
and
memorable
Accidents
,
which
have
fallen
out
in
so
short
a
time
,
will
be
both
usefull
and
delightfull
to
After-ages
.
For
if
wee
reckon
from
Augustus
,
who
reduced
the
State
of
the
Romane
Common-wealth
to
a
Monarchy
,
wee
shall
not
finde
in
all
those
two
hundred
yeares
(
for
thereabouts
it
is
to
Marcus
the
A
Summary
of
Marcus
his
Life
and
Reigne
.
THe
Emperour
[
*
](A03096-e12390-b)
*
A●reli●s
.
Marcus
had
many
Daughters
,
and
but
two
Sonnes
;
whereof
the
younger
(
called
(
Vertssimus
)
dyed
in
his
childhood
;
the
other
,
(
named
Commodus
)
he
[
*
](A03096-e12470-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
his
hand
to
every
one
that
came
to
him
,
commanding
his
Guard
to
put
backe
none
that
came
to
see
him
.
In
a
word
,
he
was
the
onely
Emperour
that
shewed
himselfe
a
wise
man
,
not
onely
in
Words
or
Edicts
,
but
in
Gravity
and
Continencie
of
life
.
Whereby
it
came
to
passe
,
that
many
famous
Men
for
Wisedome
and
Learning
flourisht
in
his
time
.
For
Men
are
very
apt
to
imitate
their
Princes
,
for
the
most
part
.
Now
whatsoever
he
did
in
peace
or
warre
remarkable
,
or
attempted
against
the
Northerne
or
Easterne
Barbarians
,
is
already
committed
to
writing
by
many
excellent
learned
Men.
But
those
Occurrents
,
which
all
my
time
(
after
Marcus
decease
)
I
either
saw
or
heard
of
(
most
of
which
I
knew
experimentally
,
in
regard
I
bore
diverse
[
*
](A03096-e12500-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
high
and
honourable
offices
in
the
State
)
it
is
now
my
Taske
to
relate
.
Marcus
being
now
weakened
with
Age
,
and
worne
out
and
spent
with
incessant
Toyle
and
Care
,
suddenly
fell
(
while
hee
was
in
[
*
](A03096-e12560-b)
*
Now
Austria
and
H●aga●●e
.
Pannonia
)
into
a
grievous
disease
.
When
he
saw
himselfe
past
recovery
,
hee
was
sore
[
*
](A03096-e12630-b)
*
About
18.
young
,
should
in
the
first
heat
of
youth
,
through
his
uncontrollable
Imperiall
power
(
when
hee
was
gone
)
abandon
good
arts
and
exercises
,
and
betake
himselfe
to
drunkennes
and
intemperance
:
for
Youth
is
too
forward
to
shake
off
the
yoke
of
Discipline
,
and
devote
it selfe
to
the
bewitching
blandishments
of
sensual
[
*
](A03096-e12650-b)
*
〈…〉
calls
S
〈…〉
●lity
these
●●aigne
good
of
●east●
.
●p.
93.
delights
.
Being
also
a
man
of
[
*
](A03096-e12660-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
high
wisedome
,
and
profound
judgement
,
he
was
much
terrifyed
at
the
remembrance
of
many
Princes
,
which
came
to
their
soveraignty
when
they
were
yong
&
youthfull
:
as
,
of
Dionysius
the
Sicilian
Tyrant
,
who
was
such
an
Epicure
in
his
Diet
and
manner
of
living
,
that
hee
richly
rewarded
them
that
could
invent
any
new
kinde
of
pleasure
:
as
also
of
Alexanders
Successors
,
which
were
so
exorbitant
and
irregular
in
their
Governement
,
that
they
were
a
great
blemish
and
dishonour
to
the
Empire
.
For
[
*
](A03096-e12710-b)
*
See
Iustin
lib.
24.
Ptolom●y
so
shamefully
exceeded
the
boundes
of
modesty
,
that
contrary
to
the
lawes
of
the
Macedons
,
and
all
the
Greekes
,
hee
made
love
to
his
owne
Sister
.
And
Antigonus
,
who
would
needes
personate
Bacchus
;
in
stead
of
the
Macedonian
Coronet
and
Diadem
,
did
usually
weare
a
Wreath
of
I●ie
,
and
carry
a
[
*
](A03096-e12790-b)
*
T
〈…〉
speare
drest
with
green
boughs
in
stead
of
a
Scepter
.
The
good
Emperour
was
also
much
troubled
with
the
late
Examples
of
[
*
](A03096-e12800-b)
*
In
him
the
〈…〉
Nero
,
who
slew
his
owne
mother
,
and
made
himselfe
the
s●●ff●
of
the
Vul●●r
;
and
of
Demitian
,
who
was
a
most
horrible
cruell
Monster
.
Revolving
therefore
in
his
minde
,
these
Images
of
Tyranny
,
hee
was
grievously
tossed
twixt
Hope
and
Feare
.
Moreover
,
he
much
distrusted
the
bordering
German
Nation
,
which
(
yet
)
he
had
not
wholly
at
his
Devotion
,
but
p●rtly
had
Confederated
,
partly
Conquered
:
whereof
many
(
notwithstanding
)
had
withdrawne
themselves
from
his
Obedience
,
and
were
onely
held
in
awe
with
the
presence
of
the
Prince
.
He
was
therfore
in
great
doubt
,
lest
despising
his
sonnes
Minority
,
they
would
presently
fall
to
rebellion
;
it
being
the
usuall
guise
of
Barbarians
,
to
raise
Tumults
upon
the
least
Occasion
.
In
these
perplexities
,
hee
commands
his
Kinsemen
and
principall
Lords
that
werethere
,
to
come
unto
him
;
who
being
assembled
,
hee
sets
the
young
Prince
before
them
,
and
lifting
up
himself
a
little
on
his
Couch
,
makes
this
Speech
unto
them
.
The
Emperour
Marcus
his
Speech
on
his
Death-bed
.
IT
is
no
mervell
,
if
you
bemoane
and
lament
my
present
Case
;
for
Men
are
led
by
Nature
,
to
compassionate
their
Kinsmens
miseries
:
and
those
dolefull
things
which
we
see
before
[
*
](A03096-e12920-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
season
for
me
to
judge
,
whether
I
have
deservedly
honored
you
thus
long
,
and
taken
all
occasions
to
preferre
you
;
and
for
you
to
sh●w
your selves
gratefull
and
mindefull
of
those
Innoblements
.
You
see
here
my
sonne
(
your
Pupill
)
is
now
entring
the
Aprill
of
his
Age
;
and
withall
,
into
such
broken
Seas
,
and
surging
Waves
of
businesse
,
that
if
hee
have
not
good
Pilots
,
hee
may
soone
,
by
mis-governement
,
steere
a
wrong
course
,
and
make
shipwracke
of
his
Fortunes
.
Be
you
therefore
as
so
many
Fathers
unto
him
,
by
your
grave
Counsells
and
Instructions
.
For
no
Treasure
in
the
World
can
so
assure
a
Prince
,
nor
the
strongest
Guard
so
well
preserve
him
as
the
Good-will
and
love
of
his
Subjects
.
The
way
to
raigne
long
and
securely
,
is
not
to
purchase
Feare
by
Cruelty
,
but
to
winne
Love
by
Mildenesse
and
Clemencie
.
For
they
are
the
best
servants
to
their
Soveraigne
,
and
furthest
No
sooner
had
MARCVS
ended
his
Speech
,
but
hee
swooned
,
and
became
speechlesse
;
being
so
sicke
and
heart-sunke
,
that
hee
fell
backe
into
his
bed
.
Which
lamentable
sight
,
so
moved
all
there
present
,
that
many
of
them
cryed
out
,
as
they
were
distracted
.
But
hee
lived
onely
a
day
and
a
night
longer
,
[
*
](A03096-e13000-b)
*
April
.
17.
An.
Dom.
181.
Aetat
.
59.
deceased
:
leaving
to
the
present
Age
,
an
infinite
love
to
his
Majestie
,
and
to
the
future
,
an
everlasting
memoriall
of
his
Vertue
.
As
soone
as
his
death
was
made
knowne
,
it
is
incredible
what
weeping
and
wailing
there
was
in
the
Armie
,
and
among
all
the
Communalty
:
yea
Commodus
his
Speech
to
the
Army
.
I
Make
no
doubt
,
but
both
you
and
I
are
alike
sorrowfull
for
our
late
Calamitie
;
and
that
you
are
no
lesse
grieved
than
my selfe
.
In
my
Fathers
time
,
I
never
bore
my selfe
among
you
as
your
Superiour
:
for
he
loved
us
all
,
as
if
we
had
been
all
one
;
and
did
more
willingly
call
me
Fellow-souldier
,
than
Sonne
:
esteeming
this
,
to
note
a
participation
of
Nature
;
that
,
of
Va●our
:
yea
,
when
I
was
an
Infant
,
he
would
oft
carry
me
in
his
armes
,
and
deliver
me
into
your
hands
,
recommending
mee
(
as
it
were
)
to
your
tutelage
and
fidelity
.
I
am
in
good
hope
therefore
of
all
your
loves
,
seeing
the
elder
sort
of
you
may
repute
me
for
your
sosterchilde
,
and
my
equalls
I
may
well
terme
my
Schoolefellowes
in
Armes
;
so
dearely
did
my
Father
love
us
all
,
as
if
wee
had
beene
but
one
;
being
carefull
to
traine
us
up
in
all
kind
of
Vertuous
exercises
.
And
now
after
him
,
hath
Fortune
[
*
](A03096-e13140-b)
*
The
Romane
Emperours
kept
the
Image
of
Fortune
in
their
chambers
with
great
veneration
.
made
me
your
Prince
,
not
by
faction
(
as
some
of
my
Predecessors
)
nor
by
usurpation
.
For
I
onely
was
borne
and
bred
in
the
Court
,
and
as
soone
as
I
came
into
the
world
,
was
received
not
into
a
privat
cradle
,
but
vested
in
Imperiall
purple
:
so
that
at
the
same
instant
,
the
[
*
](A03096-e13170-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
Consistory
of
the
Gods
;
the
Rule
of
the
World
,
and
care
of
humane
affaires
,
is
devolved
unto
Vs
:
which
,
what
powerfull
effects
,
or
good
successe
it
may
produce
,
rests
wholly
in
you
.
For
if
you
make
a
brave
end
of
the
Warre
,
and
extend
the
Roman
Empire
to
the
Ocean
,
you
shall
puchase
immortall
honour
,
and
crowne
the
Memory
of
our
common
Father
;
who
(
as
you
ought
firmely
to
believe
)
both
heares
what
we
say
,
and
sees
what
we
doe
.
How
happy
then
are
wee
,
that
shall
have
such
a
Witnesse
of
our
worthy
Acts.
And
whereas
the
Honourable
Services
which
you
performed
hitherto
,
with
such
prosperous
successe
,
may
bee
attributed
to
his
Providence
and
Governance
;
your
magnanimous
Atchievements
under
mee
your
Young
Prince
,
will
purchace
you
a
p●culiar
Trophie
,
and
most
noble
Testimony
of
Loyalty
and
Valour
.
Thus
shall
you
procure
to
my
tender
Age
a
glorious
esteeme
,
by
your
valiant
Exployts
;
and
the
Barbarians
being
curb'd
in
the
beginning
of
our
Reigne
,
shall
for
the
present
not
dare
to
insult
,
in
contempt
of
our
Minoritie
;
and
being
terrifyed
with
their
owne
harmes
,
shall
ever
hereafter
stand
in
awe
of
Vs.
Having
thus
sayd
,
and
assured
the
Souldiers
by
a
Magnificent
Donative
of
Mony
,
he
returned
to
his
Palace
.
For
a
short
time
,
he
was
in
all
thing●
directed
by
his
Fathers
Friends
,
who
daily
assisted
him
with
their
prudent
Counsels
,
permitting
him
only
so
much
recreation
,
as
was
conducible
to
his
health
.
But
after
a
while
,
divers
of
his
[
*
](A03096-e13200-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
Court
winding
themselves
into
favour
,
sought
by
all
meanes
possible
to
corrupt
this
hopefull
young
[
*
](A03096-e13230-b)
*
In
Ventre
&
Vene●e
.
and
brutish
lusts
,
did
ef-soones
put
him
in
minde
of
the
Delices
of
Rome
,
sometime
recounting
to
him
what
brave
things
were
there
to
bee
seene
and
heard
;
otherwhile
,
extolling
the
great
plenty
and
abundance
of
all
things
there
.
Further
,
they
shewed
how
incommodious
it
was
,
to
reside
on
the
bankes
of
[
*
](A03096-e13250-b)
*
The
greatest
River
(
after
Nilus
)
in
all
the
Roman
Empire
Au.
Gel.
(
●
Sa●●st
.
)
Ister
,
which
were
both
barren
&
unfruitfull
,
and
perpetually
subject
to
Cold
and
Raine
.
Will
your
Majesty
(
sayd
they
)
still
drinke
such
frozen
and
muddy
waters
;
while
others
injoy
the
warme
Bathes
,
coole
Rivers
,
and
dainty
Aire
of
Italy
?
With
these
,
and
the
like
sugred
Allectives
,
they
inflam'd
the
young
Emperor
with
the
love
of
Pleasures
.
Whereupon
calling
his
Councell
together
,
he
told
them
he
had
a
great
desire
to
see
his
Native
Countrey
:
but
being
loth
to
shew
the
Reason
of
that
sudden
resolution
,
hee
said
hee
was
afraid
,
lest
some
of
the
chiefe
Nobles
should
seize
the
Imperial
Palace
at
Rome
,
which
being
a
strong
Castle
,
he
might
easily
of
the
[
*
](A03096-e13310-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
Traine-bands
and
others
,
raise
a
great
Armie
,
and
proclaime
himselfe
Emperour
.
They
hearing
him
alledge
thes●
U●●brages
,
in
great
feare
and
amazement
lookt
on
the
earth
,
and
knew
not
what
to
say
▪
at
last
,
Pompeianus
the
most
ancient
of
Pompeianus
his
Speech
.
MY
deare
Soveraigne
,
it
is
no
marvell
if
you
long
to
see
your
Countrey
:
for
there
is
in
all
of
us
a
vehement
desire
to
be
at
home
;
but
yet
we
checke
it
not
withstanding
,
because
the
Busines
in
hand
doth
much
more
import
us
:
th●se
domestick
contents
may
with
more
security
hereafter
be
injoyed
.
As
for
[
*
](A03096-e13440-b)
*
Vbi
Imperator
,
ibi
Roma
.
Rome
,
it
is
there
,
where
the
Emperour
is
.
But
if
wee
abruptly
breake
off
the
Warre
,
it
will
be
both
dishonorable
and
dangerous
:
for
so
we
shall
animate
the
Barbarians
,
who
may
thinke
that
we
dismarched
for
feare
of
them
,
rather
than
any
other
respect
.
Now
if
your
Imperiall
Majesty
will
proceede
●●
your
Conquests
,
and
extend
this
North
part
of
your
Empire
unto
the
Ocean
,
in
what
a
glorious
Triumph
may
you
enter
the
City
,
with
the
chained
and
captived
Kings
and
Princes
of
the
Barbarians
[
*
](A03096-e13450-b)
*
In
the
Romane
Triumphs
,
The
Captives
went
before
the
triumphant
Charriot
.
Vid.
s.
Amb.
Ser.
62.
de
Pentecoste
.
before
you
?
For
thus
the
Romanes
in
ancient
Heroicall
times
,
attayned
so
great
renowne
.
Feare
not
therefore
any
domesticke
Vsurpers
:
For
the
prime
Senators
are
here
with
you
,
and
all
the
Military
Forces
are
here
ready
to
defend
you
.
Besides
,
here
is
all
the
Imperiall
Treasure
.
Lastly
,
the
memory
of
your
Father
hath
confirmed
to
you
,
the
eternall
Love
and
Loyaltie
of
all
Estates
.
This
strong
Disswasive
of
Pompeianus
,
did
(
for
a
while
)
somewhat
abate
the
edge
of
the
young
Emperour
,
who
revering
his
words
,
and
having
nothing
to
reply
with
his
Honour
,
dismist
the
Lords
,
saying
,
hee
would
better
consider
of
it
.
But
his
Courtiers
still
pressing
him
with
continuall
importunity
,
hee
advis'd
no
further
with
his
Councell
,
but
instantly
sent
Letters
to
Rome
,
and
commanded
all
to
prepare
for
the
Iourney
,
giving
order
to
certaine
Troopes
to
guard
the
Banks
of
Ister
,
and
keepe
off
the
Ba●barians
Incursions
.
They
having
received
their
Charge
,
did
soon
subdue
many
of
them
;
and
others
,
by
rewards
they
wonne
unto
them
:
which
they
might
casily
doe
:
for
the
Barbarians
being
naturally
greedy
of
[
*
](A03096-e13500-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
cash
;
and
not
caring
what
dangerous
Adventures
they
undertooke
,
liv'd
altogether
by
spoyling
and
forraging
;
or
by
selling
Peace
at
a
deare
rate
:
which
Commodus
well
knowing
,
and
having
a
huge
Masse
of
Treasure
;
to
the
end
to
leave
all
things
in
security
,
gave
them
whatsoever
they
demanded
.
As
soone
as
it
was
proclaymed
through
the
Army
,
that
they
must
all
goe
home
,
there
was
a
mighty
hurly-burly
in
the
Campe
,
every
man
desiring
to
quit
the
Enemies
Countrey
,
and
to
taste
the
Delights
of
the
Citie
.
And
when
it
was
certain
ly
knowne
at
Rome
,
that
the
Prince
would
come
,
all
the
Romane
People
were
ravisht
with
Ioy
,
every
one
conceiving
excellent
hopes
of
their
young
Emperour
,
and
firmely
beleeving
hee
would
tread
in
his
Fathers
steps
.
He
presently
tooke
his
Iourney
[
*
](A03096-e13590-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
●aurels
in
their
hand●
,
and
all
kind
of
Flowers
,
(
as
the
Season
afforded
)
to
welcome
their
Noble
young
PRINCE
:
whom
(
in
truth
)
they
loved
most
dearely
and
cordially
;
in
regard
hee
was
borne
and
bred
among
them
,
being
of
the
most
Noble
Antonius
Pius
,
and
Neece
(
by
the
Mothers
side
)
to
the
Emperour
Adrian
,
derived
his
Pedegree
from
Trajan
her
Great
Grandfather
.
Thus
Nobly
descended
was
Commodus
,
who
was
not
onely
[
*
](A03096-e13670-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
conspicuous
for
his
youthfull
Prime
,
but
also
for
his
lovely
Feature
;
being
of
a
[
*
](A03096-e13700-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
sparkling
Eyes
,
yellow
and
curled
Lo●ks
,
insomuch
,
that
when
he
walked
in
the
Sunne
,
his
Haire
would
glister
l●ke
Flames
of
Fi●e
,
which
made
many
suppose
it
was
powdred
with
Gold
.
Others
conceited
,
it
was
a
signe
of
some
divine
Excellence
,
and
that
hee
had
that
glistering
Lustre
(
on
his
head
)
from
his
birth
.
Moreover
the
silken
downe
of
his
Cheekes
began
to
blossome
,
and
bud
forth
like
Roses
in
the
Spring
.
This
hopefull
and
Illustrious
Emperour
did
the
Romanes
congratulate
with
passing
hearty
and
affectionate
Acclamations
,
strowing
all
the
way
before
him
with
Flowers
and
Garlands
.
Having
[
*
](A03096-e13750-b)
*
Built
on
Mount
Palatine
,
otherwise
called
Palatium
.
See
Aur●l
Victor
▪
de
Orig
.
Gent.
R●m
.
Imperiall
Palace
.
For
some
few
yeares
hee
gave
all
due
honour
and
regard
to
his
fathers
friends
,
being
content
to
bee
rul
d
by
them
in
all
matters
of
weight
.
But
afterwards
committing
the
Governement
of
the
Empire
to
others
,
hee
made
Perennius
an
Italian
(
a
Lucilla
,
Commodus
eldest
Sister
,
Lucilla
,
Commodus
his
Sister
.
was
first
wedded
to
Lucius
Verus
,
whom
Marcus
had
associated
in
the
Imperiall
Governement
,
having
obliged
him
in
the
strongest
bond
of
love
,
by
bestowing
his
Daughter
upon
him
.
After
Lucius
decease
,
she
still
retayning
her
former
State
and
Dignity
,
was
by
her
Father
affianced
to
Pompeianus
,
and
permitted
by
Commodus
to
injoy
the
same
Honours
.
For
as
an
Empresse
she
had
her
Chaire
of
State
erected
on
the
Theater
,
and
Fire
likewise
(
after
the
usuall
manner
)
carryed
before
her
.
But
when
Commodus
had
married
[
*
](A03096-e14030-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
Stilletto
(
which
hee
might
hide
in
his
bosome
)
which
done
,
he
undertooke
to
salve
the
matter
with
Money
.
Shortly
after
,
Quintianus
standing
in
a
blinde
corner
in
the
Entrie
to
the
Amphitheater
,
as
Commodus
passed
by
,
offered
to
stab
him
;
proclayming
aloud
,
that
the
Senate
sent
him
that
:
which
as
soone
as
he
had
spoken
,
intending
to
follow
his
thrust
,
hee
was
seized
by
the
Perennius
laying
hold
of
this
occasion
,
counselled
him
to
root
ou●
all
the
chiefe
Nobles
and
Gallants
,
whose
Estates
being
confiscate
and
given
him
,
hee
suddenly
grew
to
infinit
wealth
.
For
himselfe
sitting
as
Iudge
,
Thus
Perennius
having
made
away
those
whom
the
Emperor
feared
(
which
indeed
did
beare
a
Paternall
Affection
to
him
)
tooke
him
into
his
owne
tuition
:
and
now
being
in
the
height
[
*
](A03096-e14180-b)
*
After
called
Dalmatia
,
now
Solavonia
▪
Illyria
.
Wherupon
he
provides
a
mighty
masse
of
Treasure
to
winne
the
good
wills
of
the
Pretorian
Souldiers
.
The
Sonnes
also
secretly
levied
great
numbers
of
Souldiers
,
that
as
soone
as
their
Father
had
slaine
Commodus
,
they
might
invade
the
Princedome
.
This
Treason
was
strangely
detected
in
this
manner
.
The
Romans
use
to
celebrate
a
Iupiter
Capitolinus
,
to
which
there
is
extraordinary
resort
of
people
,
as
is
usuall
at
the
Solemnities
of
that
royall
[
*
](A03096-e14280-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
Citie
.
Now
it
is
the
custome
for
the
Emperour
also
to
bee
there
present
and
President
,
together
with
the
Priests
,
which
[
*
](A03096-e14310-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
were
seated
according
to
their
Degrees
)
before
any
thing
was
said
or
acted
on
the
Stage
,
suddenly
there
starts
out
one
,
in
a
Philosophers
habit
,
wi●h
a
staffe
in
his
hand
,
and
a
Scrip
on
his
shoulder
,
(
halfe
naked
)
who
running
to
the
midst
of
the
Stage
,
stood
still
,
and
beckening
with
his
hand
for
silence
,
said
;
This
,
O
Commodus
,
The
fellow
having
thus
said
,
whether
moved
thereto
by
some
Divine
Instinct
;
or
to
purchase
himselfe
a
Name
(
being
an
obscure
Plebeian
)
or
because
hee
hoped
to
attaine
some
great
Reward
of
the
Prince
for
his
discovery
,
certainely
Commodus
was
mightily
astonisht
.
Others
,
though
they
beleeved
it
might
be
true
;
yet
they
seemed
not
to
credit
it
.
Perennius
commands
him
to
bee
apprehended
,
and
as
a
seditious
franticke
to
bee
burned
.
Thus
suffered
hee
for
his
mis-timed
boldnesse
.
Howbeit
,
divers
that
made
semblance
to
regard
the
Emperours
safetie
,
and
bore
Perennius
upon
the
spleene
,
for
his
intolerable
haughty
and
disdainefull
carriage
,
taking
this
occasion
,
spared
not
to
accuse
him
:
in
so
much
,
that
Commodus
(
thereby
)
evaded
mischiefe
,
and
Perennius
with
his
children
smarted
for
it
.
Soone
after
there
came
[
*
](A03096-e14440-b)
*
They
were
British
Souldiers
(
as
our
writers
say
)
Souldiers
unknowne
to
Perennius
sonne
,
and
brought
coines
stamped
with
his
Image
,
which
they
secretly
shewed
to
Commodus
,
(
unawares
to
Perennius
though
hee
were
Praefect
:
)
and
detected
all
the
Treason
:
for
which
service
they
were
exceeding
richly
rewarded
.
Whereupon
the
next
night
the
Emperour
sent
for
Perennius
his
head
,
who
little
Then
Commodus
made
two
Pretorian
Praefects
,
supposing
it
not
safe
,
to
delegate
so
great
power
to
any
one
,
which
being
divided
betwixt
two
,
might
bee
the
weaker
and
lesse
dangerous
.
But
ere
long
another
treason
broke
out
against
him
in
this
manner
.
There
was
one
Maternus
a
When
Commodus
heard
this
,
hee
sent
to
the
Vicegerents
and
Governours
of
those
Countries
,
very
sharpe
and
minatory
Letters
,
charging
them
with
base
cowardlinesse
,
and
commanding
them
to
levie
an
Armie
against
them
.
Which
when
those
Free-booters
understood
,
thinking
those
Countries
but
hollow
ground
for
them
,
they
disperst
themselves
,
and
slinking
thorow
unused
By-wayes
,
made
their
Rendezvous
in
Italy
:
where
Maternus
began
now
to
looke
big
,
and
take
more
upon
him
:
consulting
with
his
companions
,
how
hee
[
*
](A03096-e14710-b)
*
Cybele
.
Mother
of
the
gods
,
in
whose
honour
they
likewise
set
forth
a
stately
shew
:
at
what
time
,
all
the
most
sumptuous
and
precious
stuffe
of
the
Citizens
,
and
the
choisest
Iewels
and
Singularities
of
the
Emperors
,
are
solemnly
caried
before
the
Image
of
the
Goddesse
;
all
men
having
liberty
to
revel
and
maske
at
pleasure
,
&
to
disguise
themselves
in
the
habits
of
what
Magistrate
or
Officer
they
fancy
(
bee
they
never
so
great
)
so
that
a
man
can
hardly
discerne
the
true
from
the
counterfeit
.
This
,
Maternus
imagined
would
bee
a
fit
time
to
colour
his
treason
,
&
to
act
his
Designe
,
which
was
,
to
arme
himselfe
and
his
Followers
,
in
all
points
,
like
the
Emperours
Guard
:
whereby
they
might
thrust
in
among
the
Speares
and
Halberds
,
as
part
of
his
traine
,
and
suddenly
dispatch
him
,
ere
any
were
aware
.
With
this
purpose
he
privily
entr●d
the
City
with
a
select
Troope
;
but
some
of
his
companions
disdaining
that
their
Fellow-thiefe
should
The
Reason
why
the
Romans
have
this
Goddesse
in
such
high
veneration
,
I
have
thought
good
to
declare
out
of
their
Histories
,
because
it
is
not
commonly
knowne
to
the
Greekes
.
THey
say
,
that
her
Image
[
*
](A03096-e14870-b)
*
See
plinl
.
5.
c.
32.
Pessinus
the
Phrygians
in
old
time
celebrated
their
Orgia
upon
the
bankes
of
the
River
[
*
](A03096-e14910-b)
*
Of
which
river
whosoever
dranke
,
became
so
m●d
,
that
he
gelded
himselfe
Gallus
(
whence
the
gelded
Priests
of
the
Goddesse
,
are
called
Galli
.
)
But
when
the
Romane
State
beganne
to
flourish
,
the
Oracle
telling
them
that
their
Empire
should
continue
and
overtop
all
others
,
if
they
could
get
among
them
the
Goddesse
of
Pessinus
,
they
dispatched
Embassadours
into
Phrygia
,
to
desire
the
Goddesses
Image
,
which
was
easily
graunted
them
,
because
they
alledged
that
they
were
their
cousIns
of
the
whole
bloud
,
and
descended
of
Aeneas
the
Phrygian
.
When
the
Image
was
brought
by
Ship
to
the
mouth
of
Tyber
(
which
was
then
the
only
Port
the
Romans
had
)
suddenly
by
some
divine
power
the
Ship
stood
still
,
and
could
not
be
moved
with
all
the
haling
or
pulling
of
the
Romanes
.
At
last
a
Vestall
Nunnne
,
that
was
falsely
accused
to
have
lost
her
Virginity
(
which
she
had
vowed
to
keepe
inviolate
)
fearing
she
should
be
condemned
,
besought
the
people
to
make
the
Goddesse
Pessinuntia
her
Iudge
:
which
being
admitted
,
she
untied
her
Girdle
,
and
prayed
in
the
hearing
of
all
,
that
if
the
Goddesse
knew
her
to
be
a
Virgin
immacula●e
she
would
command
the
Ship
to
remove
.
Then
tying
her
Girdle
to
the
Ship
,
she
pulled
,
and
it
followed
her
:
the
Romans
admiring
both
the
Divinity
of
the
Goddesse
,
and
the
virginity
of
the
Priestesse
.
And
thus
much
of
the
Story
of
the
Goddesse
Pessinuntia
;
which
though
it
bee
somewhat
long
,
yet
I
trust
will
not
be
unpleasIng
to
them
that
are
not
versed
in
Roman
Antiquities
.
Commodus
having
escaped
the
Treason
of
Maternus
,
doubled
his
Guards
,
came
seldome
abroad
,
retired
himselfe
to
his
Houses
of
Pleasure
in
the
Suburbs
,
or
to
his
Mannours
farre
from
the
Citie
,
and
gave
over
all
Exercise
of
Imperiall
lurisdiction
.
It
hapned
about
the
same
time
,
that
all
Italie
was
infested
with
a
furious
Pestilence
,
but
especially
the
City
of
Rome
,
which
[
*
](A03096-e15110-b)
*
Of
Antidots
against
the
Plague
,
and
groves
of
Bayes
,
See
L.
S.
Al●ans
Natural
History
,
Centur.
10.
Experiment
913.
and
936.
Bay-trees
,
did
much
availe
against
the
Contagion
:
For
which
purpose
also
,
the
Citizens
(
by
advice
of
Physicians
)
annoynted
their
Eares
and
Nostrills
with
precious
Ointments
,
and
continually
used
Perfumes
and
sweete
Odoraments
,
that
their
senses
(
as
they
sayd
)
being
prepossessed
,
the
infected
Ayre
might
not
enter
,
or
if
it
did
might
bee
over-mastered
.
But
notwithstanding
,
the
Plague
still
raged
,
and
Men
and
Beasts
were
every
where
found
dead
,
on
heapes
:
There
was
also
a
grievous
[
*
](A03096-e15200-b)
*
An
Act●vity-Co
〈…〉
.
Gymnasium
,
and
a
publike
Bath
.
These
were
his
bayts
to
catch
the
people
.
But
the
Romans
having
long
borne
him
a
grudge
,
and
ha●ed
him
for
his
insatiable
Avarice
;
sayd
that
he
was
the
only
cause
of
their
Calamities
.
And
first
they
publikely
traduced
him
in
Also
the
Bands
of
Foot
,
which
were
billeted
in
the
Citie
,
and
hated
the
Horse-troops
,
suddenly
came
to
the
aid
of
the
Citizens
.
A
civill
Warre
being
thus
begunne
,
yet
durst
none
tell
Commodus
,
for
feare
of
Cleander
.
At
last
,
Fadilla
(
his
Fadilla
Commodus
his
sister
.
eldest
sister
)
running
to
the
Emperour
(
for
they
could
not
deny
accesse
to
her
)
with
her
haire
dishevild
,
and
in
mourning
weeds
,
prostrated
her selfe
at
his
feet
,
and
said
;
Your
Majesty
Having
thus
said
she
rent
her
garment
and
divers
there
present
,
taking
heart
at
the
words
of
so
great
a
Lady
,
put
Commodus
into
a
terrible
fright
.
And
now
fearing
the
instant
danger
,
hee
sends
hastily
for
Cleander
,
who
knew
nothing
of
what
was
told
the
Emperour
,
but
suspected
somewhat
.
Being
come
,
hee
commands
him
to
bee
arrested
;
and
having
strucke
off
his
head
,
and
fastned
it
to
a
Speares
point
,
hee
sent
it
to
the
Commons
;
to
whom
it
was
a
most
pleasant
and
welcome
Spectacle
.
Thus
was
that
bloody
broile
extinguisht
,
and
the
fight
on
both
sides
ceased
.
For
the
Souldiers
seeing
him
slaine
,
in
whose
quarrell
they
fought
,
feared
the
Emperours
displeasure
:
for
it
was
now
apparant
that
hee
was
abused
,
and
that
what
was
done
,
was
without
his
warrant
.
But
the
Commons
were
well
satisfied
with
his
death
,
that
was
the
cause
of
all
the
mischiefe
:
And
now
Cleanders
two
Sonnes
(
all
the
children
hee
had
)
and
all
that
had
beene
his
Flies
and
Familiars
,
were
murdered
,
to
a
man
;
whose
carkasses
were
drag'd
through
the
Citie
in
most
opprobrious
sort
,
and
lastly
,
throwne
into
the
Iakes
.
This
was
the
fatall
end
of
Cleander
,
and
his
Complices
:
Humanity
(
as
I
may
say
)
having
ambitiously
shewed
in
one
man
,
that
as
Fortune
can
upon
small
occasion
,
raise
from
low
degree
,
to
high
dignity
;
so
in
unexpected
manner
,
She
can
likewise
praecipitate
whom
shee
hath
advanced
.
Commodus
being
now
afraid
,
left
the
Commons
would
rise
,
and
attempt
some
new
matter
against
him
;
was
perswaded
notwithstanding
by
his
Courtiers
,
to
enter
the
Citie
:
where
being
received
by
the
People
with
great
Applause
and
Magnificence
,
hee
reposed
himselfe
in
the
Imperiall
Palace
.
And
now
having
past
so
many
sharpe
Pikes
,
hee
wa●
jealous
of
every
one
,
killing
first
one
,
and
[
*
](A03096-e15510-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
Accusations
,
though
never
so
false
.
Moreover
,
hee
was
so
enslaved
to
sundry
sensuall
pleasures
,
which
tooke
him
up
wholly
day
and
night
,
that
hee
abandoned
all
honourable
Studies
and
Exercises
,
and
banisht
from
his
Court
,
as
infidious
Persons
,
all
that
had
the
least
measure
of
Honesty
or
Learning
.
But
Buffons
and
Debauched
Miscreants
,
were
(
as
his
chiefe
Minions
)
most
powerfull
with
him
.
He
was
excessively
given
to
Coach-races
,
and
fighting
with
wild
Beasts
:
more
than
became
the
modesty
or
Majesty
of
a
Soveraigne
Prince
:
yet
his
Flatterers
extold
him
as
a
brave
Champion
,
for
those
Feats
.
At
this
time
there
appeared
in
the
sky
divers
feareful
signes
.
Starres
were
seen
continually
in
the
Day-time
,
and
blazing
Comets
of
a
huge
length
,
hang'd
(
as
it
were
)
in
the
midst
of
the
ayre
.
All
sorts
of
Creatures
contrary
to
kind
,
brought
forth
monstrous
and
deformed
births
.
But
that
which
most
grievously
afflicted
the
Citie
for
the
present
,
and
amazed
them
with
the
ominous
Presage
,
was
this
most
hideous
disaster
;
that
the
Temple
of
Peace
(
the
stateliest
and
daintiest
Monument
of
Rome
)
was
on
a
sudden
,
without
any
Storme
or
Tempest
preceding
(
but
onely
a
little
Earth-quake
)
quite
burnt
to
the
ground
:
whether
by
lightning
,
or
fire
(
which
might
burst
out
,
by
the
shaking
of
the
Earth
)
is
uncertaine
.
That
Temple
was
the
richest
of
all
other
,
because
of
its
strength
;
being
●uriously
adorned
with
[
*
](A03096-e15570-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
Don
ries
,
of
Massive
Gold
and
Silver
:
yea
,
every
person
of
Quality
,
had
stored
there
his
principall
treasure
.
But
the
fire
hapning
in
the
night
,
made
many
rich
men
poore
.
All
therefore
deplor'd
the
publike
,
and
every
one
his
private
losse
.
When
the
fire
had
consumed
[
*
](A03096-e15640-b)
*
The
Pall●dium
;
the
sacred
●ire
,
&c.
●ere
in
the
V●●●alls
Charge
.
L.
●l●●
.
l.
1.
●
.
2.
Pallas
,
which
the
Romans
kept
in
secret
and
sacred
veneration
,
and
was
brought
(
as
they
say
)
from
Troy
into
Italy
,
was
now
first
seene
in
publike
:
For
the
Vestall
Virgins
carried
it
through
the
Sacred
Street
,
and
conveighed
it
into
the
Emperours
Palace
.
Most
of
the
fairest
Peeces
in
all
the
Citie
,
perisht
in
these
flames
,
which
raged
many
dayes
together
,
and
could
not
bee
quenched
but
with
sudden
showers
which
fell
:
whereupon
,
it
was
wholly
reputed
a
Celestiall
Worke
;
all
men
being
fully
perswaded
,
that
the
fire
began
and
ended
by
the
Decree
and
Power
of
the
gods
.
Divers
also
conjectured
that
the
burning
of
the
Temple
of
Peace
was
a
Prognosticke
of
Warres
to
ensue
:
which
Conceit
was
verified
by
the
sequell
,
as
in
the
succeeding
bookes
we
shall
declare
.
The
Romane
Citizens
being
thus
surrounded
with
direfull
mis-haps
(
one
in
the
necke
of
another
)
begaune
to
looke
sowre
upon
Commodus
;
imputing
all
their
miseries
to
his
illegall
Executions
and
dismall
Deeds
:
For
his
Excesses
were
notoriously
knowne
to
all
;
neither
did
he
seeke
to
vaile
them
:
being
ambitious
to
exhibite
in
publike
those
base
things
which
he
formerly
acted
in
secret
.
[
“
](A03096-e15800-b)
“
As
August
,
Commodus
:
September
,
Herculeus
:
December
,
Amazonius
Sirnames
:
most
whereof
,
referr'd
to
Hercules
,
as
to
the
most
valorous
Heroë
.
Further
he
commanded
his
Statuaes
to
be
erected
in
all
parts
of
the
Citie
,
and
One
before
the
Senat-house
,
in
forme
of
an
Archer
ready
to
shoot
;
to
the
end
his
very
Images
might
strike
a
terror
into
the
beholders
.
But
after
his
Death
,
the
Senate
tooke
it
away
,
and
placed
there
the
Image
of
[
“
](A03096-e15840-b)
“
A
Goddesse
among
the
Romans
.
Liberty
.
And
now
could
not
Commodus
any
longer
containe
,
but
needs
must
he
make
himselfe
an
Actour
in
publike
Shewes
:
proclayming
that
hee
would
with
his
owne
hands
kill
the
Wilde
Beasts
that
should
be
presented
,
and
likewise
fight
at
sharpe
with
the
bravest
Sword-men
.
When
this
strange
Newes
was
blaz'd
abroad
,
there
flocked
innumerable
people
out
of
Italy
,
and
the
Countries
adjoyning
,
to
see
that
spectacle
which
they
never
saw
,
nor
heard
of
the
like
before
.
For
hee
was
generally
reputed
When
the
day
of
that
grand
Solemnity
was
come
,
the
Amphitheater
was
thronged
with
Spectatours
.
Now
there
was
a
Tarras
set
up
for
Commodus
;
wherein
to
runne
round
about
it
;
and
thence
fight
(
aloft
)
with
the
Beasts
,
without
indangering
his
person
(
which
shewed
rather
his
skill
in
Shooting
,
than
his
Valour
.
)
Hee
slew
in
Chase
,
Buckes
,
Does
,
and
other
horned
Beasts
(
except
Bulls
)
not
one
escaping
him
:
But
from
the
Tarras
he
darted
at
Lyons
,
Panthers
,
and
other
of
the
Nobler
sort
of
Beasts
,
with
that
rare
dexterity
,
as
that
he
never
threw
the
second
time
,
nor
gave
them
any
wound
but
was
mortall
.
For
when
the
Beast
was
rowzed
,
he
presently
hit
it
in
the
Head
or
Heart
,
ayming
at
no
other
part
of
the
body
;
so
that
as
soone
as
it
was
strucke
,
it
fell
dead
.
For
this
purpose
,
all
kinde
of
wilde
beasts
were
brought
farre
and
neere
;
and
then
did
we
first
see
those
,
which
before
we
admired
in
their
pictures
.
Thus
did
hee
(
to
the
Amazement
of
all
)
at
once
both
shew
and
slay
whatsoever
strange
beast
was
brought
from
India
,
Aethiopia
,
North
or
South
;
so
steady
and
ready
a
hand
he
had
at
his
Weapon
,
to
the
Astonishment
of
all
men
.
Once
did
hee
shoote
Forked
Arrowes
at
Moresco
Estriges
,
which
were
wonderfull
swift
of
foot
,
using
their
Wings
as
Sailes
in
running
.
These
did
he
hit
so
pat
in
the
necke
,
that
their
heads
being
strucke
off
,
they
ranne
awhile
[
*
](A03096-e15940-b)
*
See
the
reason
her●
of
,
in
that
noble
L.
of
S.
Albans
,
Nat
Hist.
Cent.
4.
Exp.
ult.
headlesse
,
so
furious
was
the
blow
.
Another
time
,
a
Panther
having
seiz'd
a
man
(
that
was
brought
into
the
Lists
)
with
such
vehement
speed
,
that
all
made
account
she
would
instantly
teare
him
in
pieces
;
he
darted
at
her
with
such
lucky
speed
,
as
that
he
killed
the
beast
and
saved
the
man
,
preventing
the
dint
of
her
teeth
,
with
the
poynt
of
his
Weapon
.
He
slew
also
100
Lyons
with
so
many
Darts
;
their
bodies
falling
in
such
order
,
that
they
might
easily
bee
numbred
(
not
one
Dart
miscarrying
.
)
These
Feates
of
Activity
,
though
unbeseeming
a
Prince
,
yet
because
they
were
proofes
of
his
Valour
and
Dexterity
,
were
not
unpleasing
to
the
people
.
But
when
hee
entred
the
Amphitheater
naked
,
and
beganne
to
play
the
Gladiator
;
O
But
now
was
it
high
time
for
him
to
leave
his
Foolery
,
and
the
Citie
to
bee
freed
from
his
tyrannie
;
which
fell
out
in
the
beginning
of
the
yeare
,
on
that
day
which
the
Romans
keepe
holy
to
Ianus
the
most
ancient
This
his
determination
,
when
Marcia
Commodus
his
Concubine
.
hee
had
imparted
to
Marcia
his
most
honoured
Concubine
,
who
as
if
she
were
his
married
Wife
,
had
all
the
honours
of
Empresse
,
except
that
of
FIRE
;
Shee
fell
downe
on
her
knees
,
and
besought
him
with
teares
,
not
to
prophane
the
Majesty
of
the
Roman
Empire
in
that
sort
,
nor
to
hazard
his
person
among
such
lewd
and
desperate
Ruffians
.
But
when
after
much
intreaty
,
shee
saw
there
was
no
hope
of
prevayling
,
shee
went
away
weeping
.
Then
he
sends
for
Latus
,
the
Generall
of
his
Armies
,
and
Electus
his
Chamberlaine
,
and
commands
them
to
prepare
a
lodging
for
him
that
night
in
the
Fence
▪
schoole
,
that
hee
might
the
next
morning
goe
from
thence
to
sacrifice
on
that
solemne
Festivall
,
and
shew
himselfe
in
Armes
to
the
Romans
.
They
humbly
desired
him
to
desist
from
that
purpose
,
and
not
to
doe
an
act
so
unworthy
an
Emperour
:
wherupon
,
in
great
rage
hee
commands
them
out
of
his
presence
;
and
retiring
into
his
bed-chamber
,
to
repose
himselfe
at
Noone
(
as
hee
was
wont
)
he
tooke
his
Table-book
,
and
writ
downe
those
which
hee
doomd
to
death
that
night
.
Among
which
,
were
Marcia
,
Latus
,
Electus
,
and
a
great
number
of
Nobles
,
and
Senators
;
for
he
was
fully
resolved
to
cut
off
all
the
ancient
Councellors
,
and
others
,
which
were
his
Fathers
friends
;
lest
his
blacke
deeds
should
be
checkt
by
their
grave
centures
;
intending
to
divide
their
Goods
and
Estates
among
the
sould●ers
&
Sword-players
;
that
the
one
sort
might
defend
him
,
the
other
delight
him
.
Having
thus
done
,
hee
layd
his
Table
booke
on
the
Pallet
,
not
imagining
that
any
would
enter
his
Chamber
.
Now
there
was
a
little
Boy
that
could
scarce
speake
;
such
as
those
,
which
being
halfe
naked
,
are
deckt
with
gold
and
precious
stones
;
and
are
the
●●●ysest
delights
of
the
noble●●
Romans
.
This
boy
〈…〉
〈…〉
dus
so
extreamely
[
*
](A03096-e16230-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
love
,
〈…〉
oft
l●y
in
〈…〉
〈…〉
hi●
,
and
w
〈…〉
Ph●lo-Commodus
,
that
HERODIAN
HIS
IMPERIALL
HISTORIE
.
The
second
Booke
.
The
Contents
.
PErtinax
his
description
.
His
magnanimity
.
His
worthy
esteeme
.
Laetus
▪
his
Speech
to
the
Armie
,
Pertinax
proclaimed
Emperour
,
and
confirmed
by
the
Senate
.
His
Speech
to
the
Senatours
.
His
rare
Government
.
Embassies
congratulatorie
.
Pertinax
a
Father
to
the
Commons
.
Informers
punisht
.
Pertinax
his
love
to
Learning
.
The
Pretorians
mutine
.
His
Speech
to
them
.
He
is
murthered
,
and
extremely
lamented
.
Pretorians
make
Port-sale
of
the
Empire
.
Iulian
buies
it
.
The
Commons
curse
him
.
Hee
is
debauched
.
Niger
commended
.
His
Policie
to
get
the
Empire
.
Stage-Playes
and
Revells
.
Nigers
Speech
.
He
is
elected
Emperour
,
and
visited
by
Embassadours
.
His
Security
and
Errour
.
Severus
described
.
His
strange
Dreame
.
His
de●pe
Policie
.
Hee
is
elected
Emperour
.
His
Speech
.
His
Expedition
to
Rome
.
Italy
surprized
.
Iulian
amazed
.
Alpes
.
Elephants
trayned
.
Severus
his
Stratagem
.
Iulian
deserted
and
slaine
.
Severus
takes
the
Pretorians
by
a
train
.
His
Speech
to
them
.
They
are
degraded
.
Hee
enters
Rome
.
Hee
courts
the
Commons
and
Nobles
.
His
warlike
Preparation
against
Niger
.
Hee
feares
the
Britans
.
Their
Elogie
.
Albinus
their
Governour
.
He
is
declared
Caesar
by
Severus
.
Herodian
writes
a
Historie
of
70
yeares
.
COMMODVS
being
[
*
](A03096-e16760-b)
*
In
the
Night
.
slain
as
hath
beene
related
in
the
former
booke
)
the
Conspirators
(
carefull
to
conceale
the
Fact
from
the
Souldiers
which
watched
the
Emperours
Pallace
)
caused
his
Corps
to
be
wrapped
and
wound
up
in
a
course
Coverlet
,
and
gave
order
to
two
of
their
trustiest
Servants
to
carry
it
forth
,
as
some
voyd
stuffe
sent
out
of
the
Bed-chamber
.
They
which
conveyed
it
away
,
passed
easily
thorow
the
Guards
,
which
were
either
so
drunke
or
drowsie
,
that
they
could
scarce
hold
their
Halberts
;
or
else
gave
small
heed
to
that
,
which
(
they
thought
)
little
concerned
them
.
Thus
was
the
Emperours
Corps
closely
car●yed
out
of
the
Court
Gates
,
and
sent
(
by
Coach
)
that
night
to
Arisl●um
.
Laetus
,
Electus
,
and
Marcia
,
having
debated
what
was
best
to
be
done
,
resolved
to
give
out
,
that
he
dyed
suddenly
of
an
Apoplexie
;
which
they
thought
would
easily
bee
credited
,
his
excessive
Epicurisme
and
Intemperance
being
so
vulgarly
knowne
.
But
their
first
care
was
,
to
elect
for
Emperor
some
ancient
and
temperate
man
,
both
for
their
owne
safety
,
and
that
all
might
have
a
breathing
time
,
after
so
bitter
and
wanton
a
Tyrannie
.
After
consultation
,
they
held
This
indeed
is
the
end
that
every
night
I
have
a
long
while
expected
,
being
the
last
of
all
his
Fathers
friends
;
and
I
have
oft
wondered
that
Commodus
was
so
slow
to
dispatch
me
.
Why
then
forbeare
yee
?
Doe
as
you
are
commanded
,
that
I
may
bee
rid
from
continuall
feare
and
anxietie
.
Laetus
replyed
:
Speake
no
further
of
these
things
,
which
are
so
farre
beneath
your
merit
:
Our
comming
is
not
for
your
destruction
,
but
for
the
safetie
of
our selves
and
the
Roman
Empire
▪
For
the
Tyrant
is
dead
,
and
hath
his
due
reward
,
having
suffered
that
which
hee
intended
to
inflict
on
us
.
Our
comming
therefore
is
to
invest
you
in
the
Empire
,
Pertinax
answered
;
I
am
too
old
to
bee
deluded
in
this
sort
.
Why
doe
you
offer
to
abuse
mee
as
a
Coward
,
and
so
to
slay
me
?
Then
said
Electus
;
Since
you
will
not
credit
us
,
reade
this
Booke
(
you
know
Commod●s
his
hand
,
having
beene
so
long
used
to
it
)
and
then
you
shall
perceive
what
danger
wee
have
escaped
,
and
that
we
speake
not
this
to
try
you
,
but
truely
to
informe
you
.
Which
when
Pertinax
had
done
,
knowing
them
also
to
bee
his
ancient
friends
,
and
understanding
all
the
busines
,
hee
yeelded
himselfe
to
their
dispose
.
First
then
it
was
thought
fit
to
send
to
the
Army
,
to
know
how
the
Souldiers
would
take
it
:
but
Laetus
undertooke
to
get
their
goodwill
,
being
their
Generall
,
and
therefore
of
some
authority
with
them
.
Wherefore
the
night
being
farre
spent
,
and
the
next
day
the
Feast
of
the
New-yeare
,
they
hastned
to
doe
all
before
it
were
day
.
They
sent
also
some
of
their
trustiest
servants
,
to
disperse
the
newes
of
Commodus
death
,
and
Pertinax
his
going
to
the
Army
to
bee
made
Emperour
.
Which
when
it
was
divulged
in
the
Citie
,
all
the
people
in
an
extasie
of
Ioy
,
ran
through
the
streets
to
bring
the
happy
tydings
to
their
friends
that
were
of
any
note
Laetus
,
Electus
,
and
Pertinax
(
with
the
multitude
)
being
entred
the
Campe
,
and
the
Souldiers
called
together
,
Laetus
spake
thus
.
Laetus
his
speech
to
the
Army
.
[
*
](A03096-e17270-b)
*
Pertinax
had
done
honourable
service
in
Britaine
,
and
was
therefore
surnamed
Britanni●●●
.
exployts
you
which
are
Veterans
,
experimentally
know
;
the
rest
cannot
but
acknowledge
,
that
he
hath
these
many
yeares
governed
the
Citie
with
singular
honour
and
admiration
.
Fortune
doth
therefore
tender
you
not
onely
a
Prince
,
but
a
Parent
most
indulgent
:
whose
government
,
as
it
will
bee
pleasing
to
your selves
here
present
,
so
it
must
needs
bee
acceptable
to
your
fellowes
in
Armes
,
which
guard
the
bankes
of
the
Rivers
,
and
defend
the
Marches
of
the
Empire
;
in
regard
they
well
remember
his
noble
acts
.
And
now
wee
shall
not
need
to
win
the
Barbarians
with
money
;
who
will
be
sufficiently
awed
with
the
experience
of
what
they
suffered
under
his
victorious
Armes
.
Laetus
having
thus
sayd
,
while
the
Souldiers
pawsed
,
and
were
demurring
on
the
businesse
;
all
the
people
with
joyfull
Acclamations
,
proclaymed
Pertinax
Emperor
and
Father
of
their
Countrey
.
So
also
did
the
Souldiers
,
though
not
with
the
same
Alacrity
:
for
the
Multitude
being
every
where
mixt
among
them
who
were
unarmed
because
it
was
Holi-day
,
did
after
a
sort
constraine
them
to
it
,
being
but
few
(
in
comparison
of
them
.
)
All
therfore
having
sworn
Fealty
to
him
,
and
beene
present
at
the
Sacrifice
,
the
Souldiers
and
Commons
with
Lawrell
branches
in
their
hands
,
conduct
him
ere
it
was
Day-light
,
to
the
Imperiall
Pallace
:
whither
being
come
,
he
was
exceeding
pensive
.
For
though
hee
wanted
neither
spirit
nor
resolution
,
yet
did
the
present
action
much
distract
and
dismay
him
;
not
that
he
doubted
so
much
his
owne
safety
(
for
he
had
despised
greater
perills
)
but
considering
with
himselfe
the
sudden
Change
of
the
Tyrannicall
Government
,
and
the
Noble
descent
of
some
chiefe
Senatours
;
hee
supposed
they
would
not
suffer
the
Empire
to
be
invested
in
a
man
of
a
meane
and
obscure
Familie
,
after
an
Emperour
of
so
Princely
a
Linage
.
For
though
his
Life
was
much
commended
for
his
temperate
carriage
,
and
for
deeds
of
Armes
hee
were
most
famous
;
yet
was
hee
farre
exceeded
in
birth
by
many
of
the
Senatorian
Order
.
Wherefore
as
soone
as
it
was
Day-light
,
hee
went
to
the
Senat-house
,
not
suffering
Fire
to
bee
carryed
before
him
,
nor
admitting
any
other
Symbol
of
Soveraignty
,
till
he
knew
the
pleasure
of
the
Senatours
:
but
they
,
when
they
saw
him
,
did
with
one
accord
joyfully
receive
him
,
stiling
him
Augustus
and
Emperor
.
Which
high
and
envious
Title
(
as
he
termed
it
)
he
disavowed
at
first
,
excusing
himselfe
,
by
reason
of
his
Age
,
and
desiring
them
to
passe
by
him
,
and
elect
some
of
the
prime
Nobility
,
which
might
better
beseeme
the
Empire
.
Then
taking
Glabrio
by
the
hand
,
and
I
whom
you
judge
most
worthy
,
doe
here
render
you
this
Princely
honour
;
yea
,
all
this
noble
Assembly
adjudges
you
the
Soveraigne
Rule
.
Whereupon
Pertinax
his
Speech
to
the
Senatours
.
YOur
singular
Zeale
,
and
incomparable
Love
,
in
preferring
mee
before
so
many
excellent
Peeres
,
being
so
farre
from
the
least
suspicion
of
flattery
,
that
it
is
a
pregnant
proofe
,
and
cleare
demonstration
of
your
Fidelity
;
might
haply
make
some
other
more
bold
and
cheerefull
to
accept
this
Offer
;
and
to
imagine
,
he
might
easily
undertake
so
great
a
Charge
,
that
should
be
supported
with
your
Friendship
.
●ut
these
rare
and
high
●avours
amaze
mee
with
their
very
sublimity
;
at
the
sight
whereof
,
I
am
extremely
intimidated
.
For
it
is
no
easie
m●tter
for
a
man
,
condignely
to
requite
great
Benefits
.
Among
Friends
,
if
greater
Courtesies
bee
returned
▪
than
were
exhibited
;
not
so
much
the
Gratuity
it selfe
as
the
Gratitude
is
respected
.
But
when
a
mans
Friend
hath
(
first
)
obliged
him
by
signall
Offices
;
if
hee
shew
not
all
vi●issitudinary
Expressions
of
a
thankefull
Heart
,
it
may
well
bee
thought
to
proceed
rather
from
blockish
Dulnesse
,
and
bruitish
Ingratitude
,
than
any
other
defect
.
I
see
therfore
what
a
hard
Taske
I
shall
undergoe
,
to
render
my selfe
worthy
of
this
great
Henour
,
which
you
have
conferred
upon
me
.
For
the
Glory
of
Soveraignty
consists
not
in
a
[
*
](A03096-e17530-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
chaire
of
State
,
but
in
such
royall
Arts
as
are
well-beseeming
a
Prince
.
Looke
how
much
Men
abhorre
the
Evilis
which
are
done
and
past
,
so
much
more
are
they
apt
to
hope
for
better
times
Great
Injuries
are
ever
remembred
▪
and
But
hee
that
that
is
spoyled
of
his
Good●o
.
Fortunes
,
can
never
forget
so
haynous
a
Wrong
.
Neither
doe
men
much
esteeme
the
best
Change
that
can
happen
for
the
publike
Good
(
for
common
Benefits
are
little
regarded
of
private
persons
.
)
But
if
they
be
d●mnifyed
in
their
own
particular
estates
,
th●n
are
they
touched
to
the
quicke
.
Moreouer
,
they
which
have
beene
used
to
▪
the
profuse
Prodigality
of
Tyrants
,
if
a
man
goe
about
to
reduce
them
(
when
Money
failes
)
to
a
more
frugall
and
regular
course
,
they
will
be
ready
to
impute
it
rather
to
miserable
basenesse
,
than
prudent
moderation
:
not
considering
,
that
such
excessive
Donatives
(
as
heretofore
)
cannot
bee
given
without
Oppression
and
Rapine
.
But
he
that
with
Discretion
gives
to
every
one
according
to
his
Merit
,
is
so
farre
from
dispoyling
others
unjustly
,
that
hee
teaches
all
(
by
his
Example
)
to
bee
provident
Husbands
.
These
things
if
you
take
into
consideration
;
you
will
(
I
trust
)
lend
me
your
helping
hands
,
and
assist
mee
in
the
Administration
of
the
Empire
:
for
seeing
you
are
not
like
to
live
under
a
Tyranny
,
but
rather
an
Optimacie
,
you
have
Cause
to
hope
well
,
and
perswade
others
also
to
the
like
Confidence
.
Pertinax
having
with
this
speech
exceedingly
cheered
the
Senatours
,
was
with
generall
acclamations
,
and
great
honour
and
reverence
,
conducted
to
the
Temple
of
Iove
and
the
other
Gods
,
where
having
sacrificed
for
his
good
successe
in
the
Empire
,
hee
went
to
the
Imperiall
Pallace
.
When
it
was
voyced
,
how
graciously
he
had
spoken
to
the
Senate
and
written
to
the
Commons
,
all
men
were
infinitely
pleased
;
hoping
that
now
they
should
have
a
worthy
and
temperate
The
fame
of
his
Princely
vertues
,
moved
the
Nations
,
Armies
,
and
Confederate●
of
the
Romane
Empire
to
Deifi●
him
.
Yea
,
the
Barbarians
which
had
revolted
,
o●
purposed
to
rebell
,
over-awed
with
the
Remembrance
of
his
Militar
Vertue
in
former
times
;
and
calling
to
minde
his
singular
Integri●y
,
Iustice
,
and
Clemencie
,
did
willingly
sub●it
themselves
unto
But
that
,
which
was
such
a
generall
Rejoicement
,
was
much
[
*
](A03096-e17730-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
fellow-like
,
that
he
would
not
admit
his
sonne
,
a
young
Youth
,
into
the
Court
,
but
caused
him
to
live
a
privat
life
.
He
frequented
Pertinax
thus
ruling
with
singular
good
order
and
decencie
,
the
Praetorian
Souldiers
(
not
enduring
to
be
restrayned
any
longer
from
their
accustomed
rapines
and
outrages
)
consulted
and
agreed
(
at
a
drunken
Feast
)
to
make
him
away
(
who
was
so
great
a
grievance
to
them
)
and
to
substitute
another
that
would
impatronize
their
lawlesse
and
licentious
misdemeanours
.
Whereupon
,
on
a
sudden
,
no
man
suspecting
any
tumult
(
for
all
lived
in
peace
)
in
a
great
fury
and
Brutish
rage
they
hurry
at
Noone-day
(
in
a
Pertinax
his
speech
to
the
Praetorian
Souldiers
.
IF
you
take
away
my
life
,
it
will
bee
no
great
matter
of
gaine
to
you
,
or
losse
to
me
,
being
arrived
to
this
Age
,
with
so
much
honour
.
For
this
humane
life
must
of
necessitie
determine
at
last
.
But
if
you
,
to
whom
the
preservation
of
your
Prince
is
concredited
,
and
which
,
by
your
oath
,
are
to
guard
his
Person
,
should
be
the
first
that
marther
him
,
and
so
pollute
your selves
with
spilling
your
Countrey-mans
and
Emperours
blood
;
(
it
were
in
present
)
a
fact
most
hainous
;
and
might
prove
(
in
future
)
no
lesse
dangerous
to
your selves
.
My
conscience
tels
me
,
I
have
not
wronged
you
at
all
.
If
you
are
sorry
for
Commodus
death
,
it
was
no
strange
thing
for
a
man
to
die
:
but
if
you
thinke
hee
was
made
away
by
treason
,
it
was
none
of
my
fault
:
For
you
know
,
I
was
not
so
much
as
suspected
with
it
,
but
was
altogether
as
ignorant
as
your selves
of
what
was
then
done
.
The
suspicion
(
if
any
bee
)
must
light
upon
others
.
And
though
he
be
dead
,
yet
shall
you
want
nothing
which
is
agreeable
to
reason
and
your
estate
,
and
not
clogged
with
violence
and
ravine
.
With
this
speech
divers
of
lo●t●●
lib.
14.
them
were
perswaded
,
and
many
retreated
,
being
daunted
with
the
Reverend
Majestie
of
their
Prince
:
but
others
flew
upon
him
and
slew
the
old
Emperour
When
this
Massacre
of
the
Prince
was
divulged
,
all
places
were
full
of
uproars
,
and
dolefull
Outcries
;
the
people
ran
up
and
downe
like
Frantickes
,
The
Souldiers
perceiving
that
the
people
were
quiet
,
and
that
none
durst
undertake
to
revenge
the
Princes
death
;
kept
themselves
close
within
the
Campe
,
appointing
those
that
could
speake
lowdest
,
to
proclaime
from
the
top
of
the
Wall
,
that
the
Empire
was
to
be
sold
,
and
hee
that
would
give
most
Silver
for
it
,
should
bee
invested
in
it
,
by
force
of
Armes
;
and
safely
conducted
to
the
Imperiall
Palace
.
When
they
had
made
this
Out-cry
,
none
of
the
worthier
or
nobler
sort
of
the
Lords
or
Senators
,
nor
yet
any
of
those
wealthie
Citizens
,
which
were
the
small
remaines
of
Commodus
Tyrannie
,
would
goe
to
the
wall
,
to
traffique
with
them
,
as
scorning
the
Empire
[
OF
THE
But
when
In●ian
,
a
man
of
Consular
dignity
,
who
was
reputed
a
great
monied
man
(
but
of
little
honesty
)
had
notice
late
in
the
Evening
,
being
at
supper
(
in
the
midst
of
his
cups
and
jollity
)
of
the
Souldiers
Proclamation
,
hee
was
perswaded
by
his
wife
and
daughter
,
and
a
number
of
Parasites
,
to
rise
from
his
[
*
](A03096-e18060-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
(
for
the
Romans
sate
not
at
Tables
.
)
Pallet
,
and
hie
him
to
the
Wall
,
to
see
what
was
done
.
All
the
way
as
hee
went
,
they
counselled
him
to
lay
hold
on
the
Empire
,
now
it
was
profered
;
for
having
store
of
coine
,
hee
might
easily
out-vie
all
,
in
magnificent
Donatives
,
if
there
should
bee
any
competition
.
As
soone
therefore
as
hee
got
to
the
Campewall
,
hee
shouted
to
them
,
promising
to
give
whatsoever
they
desired
:
for
hee
said
,
hee
had
a
mighty
Masse
of
money
,
and
Treasuries
full
of
gold
and
silver
.
At
that
same
instant
,
Sulpitian
Commodus
▪
which
the
S●nate
had
abrogat●d
;
to
afford
them
as
much
liberty
,
as
ever
they
had
under
him
;
and
to
give
to
every
Souldier
,
more
silver
then
they
demanded
or
expected
,
and
that
without
delay
,
in
regard
he
had
it
ready
at
home
.
The
Souldiers
allured
with
[
*
](A03096-e18240-b)
*
In
forme
of
a
Testudo
.
Vid.
Lips
.
de
Milit.
Rom.
with
their
Pikes
and
Targets
,
to
prevent
the
Peoples
throwing
stones
up
on
them
from
the
House-tops
(
as
they
marched
.
)
Thus
they
conducted
him
to
the
Palace
,
none
of
the
Commons
daring
to
resist
,
nor
congratulating
him
(
as
was
usuall
at
the
Election
of
Emperors
.
)
But
on
the
contrary
,
they
stood
a
farre
off
,
cursing
and
banning
him
for
purchasing
Here
first
of
all
,
did
the
Souldiers
fall
into
extremity
of
Debauchednesse
,
and
by
their
ravenous
and
insatiable
Desire
of
Money
,
the
Imperiall
Majesty
was
blasted
with
Contumelie
.
For
there
being
none
to
vindicate
the
cruell
massacre
of
the
former
Prince
,
nor
to
withstand
the
base
Brocage
of
the
present
Vsurper
;
it
was
the
chiefe
cause
of
many
Insolencies
and
Mutinies
which
afterwards
happened
:
their
Greedinesse
of
Money
,
and
Contempt
of
Soveraignty
,
still
inducing
Murther
and
Bloud
shed
.
Iulian
having
thus
ravisht
the
Empire
,
plunged
himselfe
presently
into
all
Riot
and
Disorder
,
little
regarding
State
businesse
;
being
wholly
devoted
to
an
Vnprincely
and
voluptuary
life
.
And
now
it
was
discovered
,
that
hee
had
cogged
,
[
*
](A03096-e18300-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
and
cheated
the
Souldiers
;
and
was
not
able
to
keepe
up
his
Credit
with
them
:
for
hee
had
not
so
great
store
of
Coyne
as
he
vaunted
.
As
for
the
Excheq●er
,
Commodus
had
long
since
exhausted
it
,
with
his
vaine
luxury
,
and
vast
prodigality
.
The
Souldiers
therefore
falling
short
of
their
hopes
,
were
extremely
offended
with
him
,
and
the
Commoners
,
who
knew
their
minds
,
utterly
scorned
him
;
rayling
at
him
,
when
he
came
abroad
,
and
taunting
him
for
his
lewd
and
lascivious
behaviour
.
Yea
,
in
the
[
*
](A03096-e18330-b)
*
The
Circus
(
or
Horse-race
)
was
built
in
an
Ovall
forme
of
great
length
,
with
rowes
of
Seats
one
above
the
other
,
able
to
containe
above
an
hundred
thousand
Spectators
.
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
Cirque
or
Race-yard
(
where
was
the
greatest
Concourse
of
people
)
they
decryed
Iulian
;
calling
upon
Niger
,
the
chiefest
Officer
of
the
sacred
Empire
,
to
vindicate
the
Roman
State
,
and
hasten
to
free
them
from
that
propudious
Governour
.
This
Niger
had
beene
Consul
long
before
,
&
at
that
time
was
Praesident
of
Syria
,
which
was
then
the
highest
and
most
eminent
Dignity
in
the
Empire
;
for
the
Phaenician
Nation
,
and
all
the
Regions
as
farr
as
Euphrates
,
were
under
his
Command
.
He
was
now
well
stept
in
yeares
,
and
having
gone
through
many
weighty
Affaires
,
had
got
a
very
high
esteeme
for
his
Moderation
and
Sufficiencie
:
and
was
reputed
to
imitate
Pertinax
;
for
which
Cause
the
Romanes
did
chiefely
affect
him
.
And
now
in
all
their
Assemblies
they
still
cryed
aloud
for
him
;
reproaching
Iulian
to
his
face
,
and
universally
calling
upon
Niger
,
with
acclamations
[
*
](A03096-e18450-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
Imperiall
.
When
Niger
understood
the
Romans
inclination
,
and
what
Out
cries
they
made
for
him
in
their
ordinary
meetings
;
considering
withall
,
that
Iulian
was
contemned
by
the
Souldiery
,
for
falsifying
with
them
,
and
condemned
by
the
communalty
,
for
his
Mercenary
Purchase
;
h●e
perswaded
himselfe
that
the
busines
would
easily
be
accommodated
,
and
made
no
doubt
of
obtaining
the
Soveraignety
.
Wherefore
imparting
these
Roman
passages
and
intelligences
to
somefew
Tribunes
,
[
*
](A03096-e18500-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
Coronels
,
and
Captaines
;
hee
sent
them
home
one
after
another
,
that
these
Aires
might
(
by
their
relations
)
bee
dispersed
among
all
the
nations
and
Armies
of
the
Orient
:
for
by
that
course
Niger's
Speech
to
the
Army
,
&c.
WIth
what
a
gentle
hand
I
have
ruled
among
you
,
and
how
circumspect
and
punctuall
I
have
beene
in
undertaking
Actions
of
great
import
;
I
suppose
is
well
knowne
to
all
here
present
.
Neither
have
I
here
assembled
you
of
my
owne
head
,
out
of
ungrounded
Hope
or
flattering
Desire
.
But
the
Romans
call
upon
me
with
incessant
Clamours
and
Sollicitations
,
to
lend
them
my
[
*
](A03096-e18730-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
helping
hand
,
and
not
permit
so
ancient
,
excellent
,
and
glorious
an
empire
to
bee
basely
merchandized
.
Now
as
it
were
a
high
point
of
Folly
and
Presumption
,
to
attempt
so
great
an
Enterprise
,
without
just
Occasion
intit●ling
:
So
to
refuse
to
●yd
them
which
implore
our
helpe
,
might
breed
an
imputation
of
Cowardize
and
Treacherie
.
The
reason
therfore
why
I
have
conven'd
you
at
this
time
,
is
to
know
your
Minde
;
and
what
Course
you
thinke
were
best
:
being
desirous
of
your
Advice●
and
Assistance
in
this
weighty
Affaire
;
which
if
it
prosper
well
,
will
redound
to
your
benefit
,
as
well
as
mine
.
Nor
are
they
vaine
or
meane
Hopes
which
sollicite
us
;
but
the
Romane
people
,
whom
the
Gods
have
made
Lords
of
the
World
:
and
the
Imperiall
Dignity
,
which
is
yet
wavering
and
unsetled
in
the
person
of
any
man
.
Now
the
Certainty
of
this
Designe
is
apparent
,
both
by
the
forwardnesse
of
them
that
crave
our
succour
,
and
for
that
there
is
none
to
make
Opposition
or
Resistance
.
For
they
which
are
come
thence
,
assure
us
,
that
the
Souldiers
which
sold
the
empire
to
the
Vsurper
,
are
not
like
to
sticke
to
him
,
because
he
hath
broke
his
Credit
with
them
;
and
was
not
able
indeed
to
performe
his
Bargain
.
Shew
therefore
(
I
pray
you
)
how
you
stand
affected
.
At
which
Words
,
the
whole
Armie
proclaimed
him
Emperour
Niger
glad
at
his
heart
,
of
this
good
successe
,
seeing
the
Romans
and
all
others
conspired
to
advance
him
,
made
no
doubt
of
carrying
the
Soveraignety
.
When
this
Newes
flew
abroad
,
presently
all
the
Nations
bordering
on
Europe
,
willingly
submitted
to
him
:
sending
their
The
President
of
the
Pannonians
[
*
](A03096-e19000-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
Meteor
in
the
Skie
,
and
was
exposed
to
him
that
could
catch
it
;
he
contemned
Iulian
,
as
an
abject
Fellow
:
and
Niger
as
a
dull
Flegmaticke
.
Hee
was
also
much
animated
by
certaine
Dreames
,
Oracles
,
and
Presages
;
which
are
then
best
credited
,
when
they
are
verifyed
by
the
event
:
most
whereof
himselfe
recorded
in
the
Booke
which
he
writ
of
his
owne
Life
;
and
presented
them
also
to
publicke
view
,
in
Statuarie
Representations
;
but
his
last
and
chiefest
Dreame
,
which
raysed
him
to
the
highest
hope
,
I
may
not
omit
.
What
time
Severus
[
*
](A03096-e19080-b)
*
Via
sacr●
Street
at
Rome
.
But
when
he
was
to
enter
the
Foru
〈…〉
,
where
the
people
,
in
time
of
[
*
](A03096-e19110-b)
*
Popular
Rule
.
Democracie
,
had
their
most
solemne
Assemblies
;
the
Horse
seemed
to
throw
Pertinax
(
w●th
a
terrible
fall
)
to
the
ground
;
and
gen●ly
to
suffer
him
(
who
●tood
next
)
to
backe
him
;
carrying
him
safely
and
st●adily
through
the
midst
of
the
Forum
;
lif●ing
up
Severus
on
high
,
so
that
all
the
people
saw
him
,
●nd
adored
him
.
And
there
remaines
to
this
day
in
the
very
same
place
,
a
huge
brasse
Image
of
that
Dreame
.
Severus
hus
enc●u●aged
,
and
p●rswaded
he
was
called
to
the
Empire
by
Divine
Providence
,
resolved
to
try
how
the
So●ldiers
were
inclined
:
and
first
hee
convented
a
few
Coronels
,
Tribunes
,
and
Commanders
;
and
taking
occasion
to
speake
of
the
Roman
Empire
,
shewed
how
vilely
it
was
prostituted
;
and
that
none
of
spirit
or
worth
,
went
about
to
vindicate
it
.
Hee
inveighed
also
against
the
Pretorian
Bands
at
Rome
,
as
Traytors
;
for
violating
their
oath
,
by
spilling
their
Emperour
and
Countrey-mans
blood
;
saying
,
that
it
was
fit
they
should
pursue
Pertinax
his
murther
with
a
sharpe
revenge
.
Now
hee
well
knew
that
the
memory
of
Pertinax
was
still
fresh
in
the
Illyrian
Armies
;
which
under
his
command
(
in
the
Emperour
Marcus
time
)
had
got
many
glorious
victories
,
over
the
Germanes
:
and
when
hee
was
President
of
[
*
](A03096-e19230-b)
*
Sclavonia
.
Illyria
,
hee
carried
himselfe
very
bravely
in
the
warres
;
and
ruled
with
such
wisedome
and
moderation
,
as
well
shewed
his
rare
sweet
spirit
,
and
generous
disposition
.
Wherefore
they
highly
honoured
his
memory
,
and
were
enraged
against
his
Assassinates
:
Severus
embracing
this
opportunity
,
did
easily
draw
them
to
his
bent
,
by
the
lustre
of
his
faire
and
winning
Propositions
;
pretending
that
hee
affected
not
the
Empire
,
nor
any
Principality
,
but
was
onely
desirous
to
▪
revenge
the
blood
of
that
famous
Emperour
.
For
the
Natives
[
*
](A03096-e19280-b)
*
Spalato
was
an
Illyrian
,
and
Gondomar
(
they
say
)
did
Severely
over-reach
him
.
politickly
with
them
.
Wherefore
Severus
having
solemnly
vowed
to
pursue
Pertinaxes
murtherers
;
they
beleeved
him
,
and
submitting
themselves
,
stiled
him
Emperour
,
and
conferred
upon
him
the
Soveraignty
.
Having
thus
assured
the
Pannonians
,
he
presently
sent
to
the
bordering
Nations
,
and
to
the
Presidents
of
the
Northern
Provinces
,
which
were
under
the
Roman
Regiment
;
whom
he
easily
gained
by
great
hopes
,
and
faire
promises
.
For
he
was
the
most
cunning
Dissembler
in
the
world
,
and
of
a
most
winning
behaviour
;
Severus
his
speech
to
the
Army
.
YOur
zealous
veneration
of
the
Gods
(
by
whom
you
have
sworn
)
and
your
singular
devotion
to
your
Emperours
,
doe
well
appeare
by
your
detestation
of
those
hainous
crimes
of
the
Pretorian
Souldiers
at
Rome
;
which
are
men
,
rather
for
Shew
,
than
Service
.
For
my
owne
part
,
having
never
till
this
present
,
entertained
such
high
hopes
(
for
you
know
how
loyall
I
have
ever
beene
to
my
Liege
Soveraignes
)
it
is
my
chiefe
care
and
[
*
](A03096-e19480-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
Prayer
to
pursue
and
effect
such
things
,
as
may
sort
to
your
generall
contentment
,
and
not
permit
the
Roman
Empire
,
which
hath
heretofore
beene
administred
with
so
great
glory
and
honour
,
to
be
thus
embased
.
For
albeit
,
under
Commodus
it
suffered
much
,
by
reason
of
his
youthfulnesse
;
yet
the
errours
of
that
Prince
were
shadowed
with
his
high
Nobility
,
and
his
Fathers
memory
.
His
faults
deserve
rather
commiseration
,
than
execration
:
since
(
for
the
most
part
)
they
were
not
to
be
imputed
to
him
;
but
to
his
flatterers
,
corrupt
Counsellours
,
and
Ministers
of
State
.
But
when
the
Empire
was
invested
in
that
grave
[
*
](A03096-e19510-b)
*
Pertinax
.
Senator
(
the
memory
of
whose
valour
and
vertue
hath
taken
so
deepe
root
in
your
[
*
](A03096-e19520-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
soules
)
the
Praetorians
not
enduring
it
,
most
cruelly
butchered
that
brave
〈…〉
and
now
(
forso●th
)
there
is
[
*
](A03096-e19540-b)
*
〈…〉
〈…〉
bought
the
Empire
of
〈…〉
but
such
a
one
,
as
is
mor
〈…〉ed
of
the
Commons
(
as
you
〈…〉
)
and
not
beloved
of
the
Souldiers
,
whom
hee
hath
deluded
.
But
admit
they
were
willing
to
undertake
his
defence
;
they
are
not
comparable
to
you
for
number
or
valour
.
Besides
,
you
are
better
exercised
in
the
Warres
.
For
by
your
continuall
skirmishes
with
Barbarians
,
you
have
learned
to
endure
all
manner
of
toyl●
and
travell
;
to
scorne
heat
and
cold
;
[
*
](A03096-e19590-b)
*
No
Ezcellencie
hath
foundation
in
Delicacie
.
delicacie
;
wherewith
the
Stall-●ed
Pretorian
Guards
,
being
over-pampered
,
will
never
be
able
to
abide
your
Military
[
*
](A03096-e19600-b)
*
〈◊〉
.
Shout
,
much
lesse
the
Shocke
.
But
if
any
misdoubt
the
Syrian
[
*
](A03096-e19610-b)
*
Vnder
Niger's
command
.
Forces
;
hee
may
clearely
collect
,
how
im-puissant
,
and
dejected
they
are
,
that
have
not
dared
to
stirre
out
of
their
owne
Countrey
;
nor
have
had
the
heart
to
enter
into
consultation
of
an
Expedition
to
Rome
;
but
love
rather
to
sit
still
,
and
entertaine
Fortune
by
the
day
:
as
holding
it
a
sufficient
Gu●rdon
of
an
unsure
Soveraignty
.
The
Syrians
are
better
scoffers
than
Souldiers
,
and
more
M●n●icall
than
Martiall
.
But
the
Antiochians
(
they
say
)
are
chiefly
devoted
to
Niger
.
As
for
the
other
Countries
and
C●ies
,
which
as
yet
see
none
appeare
,
that
is
worthy
the
naeme
of
an
Emperour
,
or
able
to
governe
the
state
with
wisedome
and
courage
;
they
doe
meerely
temporize
and
collogue
with
him
.
But
when
they
shall
understand
that
the
Illyrian
Army
hath
made
another
Election
,
and
shall
heare
of
my
name
(
which
is
neither
unknowne
,
nor
inglorious
among
them
by
reason
of
our
exployts
there
,
when
wee
were
there
President
)
you
well
know
they
will
not
charge
me
with
sloth
,
or
irresolution
:
nor
will
they
offer
to
make
proofe
of
your
brave
[
*
](A03096-e19650-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
courage
,
and
martiall
furie
;
being
so
farre
your
Inferiours
,
〈…〉
odlin●sse
of
person
,
and
excellent
skill
at
your
weapon
,
when
you
come
to
handstrokes
.
Wherefore
let
us
instantly
advance
,
and
seize
Rome
,
and
the
Imperiall
Palace
.
Then
may
wee
with
greater
facility
pursue
our
other
Severus
having
thus
sayd
,
the
Severus
without
further
procrastination
,
After
he
had
marched
through
Pannonia
,
and
was
come
to
the
Mountaines
of
Italie
,
preventing
Fame
it selfe
,
by
being
seene
as
Emperour
among
them
,
before
they
had
any
Intelligence
of
his
comming
;
all
the
Cities
of
Italy
were
in
a
fearfull
Fever
,
at
[
*
](A03096-e20180-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
Authority
of
Consuls
.
Guild-hall
,
by
command
of
the
Consuls
(
who
in
such
doubtful
times
have
charge
of
the
Romane
State
)
where
they
entred
into
Consultation
,
what
was
best
to
bee
done
in
that
Exigent
:
Iulian
abiding
(
the
while
)
in
the
Palace
,
deploring
his
Infortunity
,
and
humbly
begging
that
hee
might
abjure
the
Soveraignty
,
and
resigne
all
his
Imperiality
to
Severus
.
But
when
the
Senate
understood
,
that
Iulian
was
in
such
desperate
Horrour
,
and
that
his
Guards
(
Dictum
Mariae
illustrissimae
Scotorum
Reginae
.
)
(
for
feare
of
Severus
)
had
quite
forsaken
him
;
they
decreed
his
Death
,
and
declared
Severus
sole
Emperor
.
Then
send
they
(
as
Commissioners
)
diverse
of
the
chief
Magistracie
,
and
prime
Nobility
,
to
render
to
him
all
Imperiall
Honours
.
The
Execution
of
Iulian
was
committed
to
one
of
the
Tribunes
,
who
finding
●he
wr●tc●ed
old
Man
(
that
had
bought
his
owne
Ruine
with
his
Money
)
wholly
deserted
and
forlorne
;
slew
him
,
[
*
](A03096-e20340-b)
*
Coronel●
and
Captaines
.
Tribunes
and
Centurions
,
promising
them
great
rewards
,
to
perswade
their
Companies
in
the
Citie
,
to
submit
to
his
Mandates
.
Meane
while
,
he
makes
Proclamation
,
that
all
of
them
,
leaving
their
Armes
in
the
Campe
,
should
come
forth
like
Severus
his
speech
to
the
Praetorian
Guards
.
You
see
now
by
experience
,
that
wee
farre
exceed
you
in
policie
,
power
and
number
.
You
are
easily
caught
,
and
as
easily
held
.
Now
are
you
all
at
my
devotion
,
to
doe
what
I
please
with
you
.
Here
you
stand
like
a
herd
of
beasts
,
ready
to
be
sacrifised
at
my
becke
.
If
you
expect
a
Doome
,
or
Death
,
responsible
to
your
blacke
deeds
,
and
detestable
villanies
;
the
World
cannot
afford
it
.
You
have
barbarously
butchered
that
venerable
Father
,
and
Excellent
Emperour
,
whom
,
as
his
Guards
,
you
ought
to
have
defended
.
You
have
most
shamefully
truckt
for
silver
(
as
if
it
had
beene
some
of
your
owne
goods
)
the
most
glorious
Roman
Empire
,
which
was
anciently
the
Guerdon
of
Nobility
,
or
Militar
[
*
](A03096-e20490-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
vertue
.
And
now
like
base
[
*
](A03096-e20510-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
Poltrones
,
you
have
betrayed
him
that
was
your
Mercenary
Soveraigne
;
not
daring
to
guard
or
protect
him
.
For
these
inexpiable
crimes
you
deserve
a
thousand
deaths
,
if
you
had
your
due
.
Now
you
see
what
you
are
worthy
to
suffer
.
But
I
scorne
to
imitate
you
,
or
to
pollute
my
bands
with
your
blood
.
Neither
justice
nor
equity
permit
,
that
you
should
any
longer
be
the
Emperours
Guard
;
that
thus
have
violated
your
oath
,
distained
your selves
with
your
naturall
Princes
blood
,
and
betrayed
the
trust
and
confidence
reposed
in
you
.
Your
Soules
and
Bodies
(
of
my
Noblenesse
)
I
am
content
to
besto●
upon
you
.
But
I
command
my
Souldiers
to
ungirdle
you
;
and
divest
you
of
all
Military
Attire
,
and
Accoutrements
;
and
send
you
away
stript
:
which
done
,
I
charge
you
all
to
get
you
packing
,
farre
from
Rome
:
for
I
here
decree
,
vow
,
and
sweare
,
that
if
any
of
you
be
found
within
an
hundred
miles
of
the
Citie
bee
shall
die
for
it
.
Having
given
this
charge
,
When
they
saw
themselves
Forthwith
Severus
with
his
After
the
people
had
wellcomed
him
with
their
Acclamations
,
and
the
Nobles
saluted
him
at
the
City
Gates
,
hee
repayred
to
Iupiters
Temple
;
where
having
sacrifised
,
he
did
his
Devotions
at
the
other
Fan●s
(
as
the
E●pe●●urs
were
wont
)
and
lastly
,
betooke
himselfe
to
the
Imperiall
Pallace
.
The
next
day
he
went
to
the
Senat-house
,
where
hee
made
a
smooth
and
plausible
Speech
;
and
then
gave
his
[
*
](A03096-e20700-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
Hand
to
all
the
Company
,
professing
,
That
his
maine
End
in
With
these
faire
Promises
he
stroked
the
Senators
;
most
of
them
inclining
to
affect
and
believe
him
:
but
some
of
the
elder
and
sager
sort
,
that
better
knew
his
disposition
,
told
them
in
their
eare
,
that
hee
was
a
right
Politician
,
full
of
tricks
and
traines
,
and
an
exquisite
Dissembler
and
Temporizer
,
for
his
owne
ends
:
As
afterwards
it
proved
.
Severus
intending
but
a
short
stay
in
Rome
,
gave
to
the
Commons
a
magnificent
Donative
of
Corne
,
and
a
great
Largesse
to
his
Souldiers
;
selecting
the
ablest
among
them
for
his
guard
(
in
steed
of
those
which
were
degraded
.
)
And
now
he
prepares
an
Expedition
to
the
Orient
;
where
Niger
lay
rusting
(
all
this
while
)
and
revelling
at
Antioch
;
whom
he
hasted
to
surprise
ere
he
were
aware
,
and
take
him
unprovided
.
Commanding
therefore
his
[
*
](A03096-e20930-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
gallantly
prepared
for
the
war.
But
withall
,
like
a
wise
and
provident
man
,
he
shrewdly
[
*
](A03096-e20960-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
Souldiers
;
whose
Generall
was
Albinus
;
of
[
*
](A03096-e21160-b)
*
N.
B.
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
.
by
divine
providence
appeared
;
a●
also
what
countries
he
marched
thorow
,
what
conflicts
hee
had
,
and
how
many
were
slaine
on
either
side
,
many
Historians
have
related
,
&
Poets
especially
have
largly
dilated
;
making
Severus
acts
the
argument
of
their
works
.
But
my
intendment
is
to
compile
a
History
of
the
acts
of
many
Emperors
raigning
in
the
compasse
of
70
[
*
](A03096-e21220-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
know
to
be
true
.
I
shall
therfore
deliver
part
of
the
chiefest
and
choifest
actions
of
Severus
,
not
flattering
,
or
faining
more
than
was
performed
(
like
the
Writers
of
that
time
)
nor
yet
suppressing
ought
that
is
worthy
to
be
knowne
or
recorded
.
HERODIAN
HIS
IMPERIALL
HISTORIE
.
The
third
Booke
.
The
Contents
.
Niger
prepares
for
Warre
.
He
fortifies
Mount
Taurus
,
and
Byzantium
.
Aemilianus
his
General
,
defeated
Severus
Policie
.
He
assaults
Mount
Taurus
.
Moores
described
.
Alexandria
.
Battell
betwixt
Severus
and
Niger
Niger
beheaded
.
Severus
Plots
against
Albinus
.
His
Speech
against
him
.
His
strange
Winter-m●rch
,
Albinus
sayles
out
of
B●ita●ie
,
and
fights
with
Severus
.
The
Britai●●●
fight
bravely
,
and
beat
Severus
off
his
Horse
:
They
winne
the
first
B
〈…〉
:
They
di
〈…〉
and
〈…〉
Albinus
beheaded
▪
〈◊〉
〈…〉
us
Elogie
.
Hee
makes
two
Vicegerents
in
Britanie
.
His
cruelty
and
covetousnesse
.
Secular
Games
every
three
hundreth
yeare
.
Severus
his
Expedition
into
the
East
.
He
besieges
Atrae
,
and
is
repulsed
.
His
strange
fortune
.
He
surprises
the
Parthian
King
.
He
enters
Rome
in
triumph
.
His
Sonnes
Dissensions
.
Plautian
a
mighty
Favourite
.
His
Treason
,
strangely
detected
.
Hee
is
cut
in
pieces
.
Severus
instructs
his
Sonnes
.
News
from
Britanie
.
Severus
his
Expedition
thither
.
Description
and
Elogie
of
the
Picts
or
Scots
.
Severus
dies
for
griefe
.
Antonine's
Cruelty
.
Severus
Reliques
,
Antonine
and
Geta
saile
out
of
Britanie
.
IN
the
former
Booke
,
we
have
related
the
Murther
of
Pertinax
,
the
Slaughter
of
Iulian
,
Severus
his
Expedition
to
Rome
,
and
lastly
his
Preparations
against
Niger
.
As
soone
as
Niger
(
who
little
expected
In
this
mannet
did
Niger
order
his
Affaires
,
with
singular
Prudence
and
Providence
(
as
he
imagined
.
)
Severus
on
the
other
side
,
slacked
not
,
but
incessantly
marched
with
his
Armie
.
And
being
advertized
that
Byzantium
was
well
manned
and
strongly
fortifyed
,
he
turnes
his
Cyzicum
.
Aemilianus
Lievtenant
of
Asia
,
to
whom
Niger
had
committed
the
Mannage
of
the
Warre
,
and
chiefe
Command
;
hearing
that
Severus
was
marching
,
leades
all
the
Forces
which
he
had
leavied
,
or
were
sent
by
Niger
,
directly
to
Cyzicum
.
When
the
Armies
met
on
both
sides
,
after
divers
bloudy
battels
in
those
parts
,
Severus
at
last
was
Master
of
the
Field
;
a
great
number
of
Nigers
Souldier
being
routed
,
slaine
,
and
Seve
〈…〉
.
pu●
to
flight
.
Which
Successe
mightily
incouraged
the
Illyrians
,
and
the
[
*
](A03096-e22020-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
Easterlings
.
●ut
many
were
of
opinion
,
that
from
the
beginning
,
Niger
was
betraied
by
Aemilian
;
for
these
reasons
.
Some
say
,
hee
envied
Niger
,
disdayning
that
hee
,
who
was
but
his
Successour
in
Syria
,
should
now
be
his
Superior
,
Emperor
,
and
Soveraign
.
Others
suppose
,
that
hee
was
thereto
perswaded
by
his
Childrens
Letters
,
who
besought
him
to
take
care
of
their
safety
:
for
Severus
having
found
them
at
Rome
,
put
them
in
hold
,
out
of
deep
policie
,
and
early
providence
.
And
it
was
Commodus
his
manner
to
retaine
with
him
their
Children
,
whom
hee
sent
to
bee
Lievtenants
of
Provinces
,
as
Pledges
of
their
Allegeance
and
fidelity
.
Wherfore
Severus
(
like
a
vigilant
man
)
Nigers
Souldiers
being
overthrowne
at
Cyzicum
,
fled
amaine
;
some
to
the
Armenian
Mountaines
;
others
through
Asia
,
and
Galatia
,
hastning
to
Mount
Taurus
,
to
get
into
that
strong
Hold.
Severus
Armie
marcht
through
the
Country
of
Cyzicum
,
to
the
next
region
of
Bithynia
.
When
it
was
famed
that
Severus
was
victor
suddenly
all
the
Cities
in
those
Parts
,
fell
to
deadly
Feud
;
not
so
much
for
Love
or
Hate
to
either
Emperour
,
as
out
of
a
mortall
Antipathie
,
and
implacable
Enmitie
one
to
the
other
.
And
this
was
anciently
the
fault
of
the
Greekes
,
who
by
their
intestine
broyles
and
consp●racies
,
to
ex●irpate
the
most
eminent
men
,
have
utterly
undone
Greece
:
whose
Inhabitants
(
by
their
old
grudge
,
and
civill
disasters
)
first
became
Vass●l●s
to
the
Macedons
;
and
then
Slaves
to
the
Romans
:
the
same
heart-burning
,
and
spightfull
emulation
,
continuing
in
the
best
Cities
to
our
time
.
Wherefore
after
these
things
hapned
at
Cyzicum
,
the
Citizens
of
Nicomedia
in
Bithynia
,
revolted
from
Niger
to
Severus
,
promising
him
(
by
their
Embassadors
)
to
receive
his
Armie
,
and
assist
him
in
all
things
.
But
the
Citizens
of
Nicaea
,
out
of
their
malignity
to
them
,
took
Nigers
part
,
and
entertayned
his
Souldiers
,
which
either
fled
thither
,
or
were
sent
to
detend
Bithynia
.
Out
of
these
two
Cities
(
as
severall
Camps
)
the
Armies
of
both
sides
issuing
,
fought
againe
;
but
after
a
terrible
battell
,
Severus
got
the
Victory
.
From
thence
the
Remaines
of
Nigers
Forces
fled
to
the
Straits
of
Mount
Taurus
,
to
def●nd
those
Fortifications
.
Niger
having
left
there
as
many
as
he
thought
sufficient
to
make
good
the
Place
,
returnes
to
Antioch
,
to
raise
more
Men
and
Money
Meanewhile
,
Severus
Armie
p●ssing
through
Bithynia
,
and
Galatia
,
marcht
into
Cappadocia
▪
and
there
began
[
*
](A03096-e22600-b)
*
Mauritania
,
now
F●●
and
Mo●occo
.
Mauritanian
Darters
that
he
had
,
and
part
of
his
Archers
,
charging
them
to
kill
all
afore
them
,
and
to
sacke
and
burn
the
Cities
.
The
Moores
[
*
](A03096-e22790-b)
*
A
Citie
called
by
Alexander
Ni●opolis
,
for
his
Victory
there
.
Issus
,
the
Armies
met
,
in
a
goodly
spacious
Plaine
,
which
lying
under
a
row
of
Hills
,
Theatre-wise
,
is
extended
all
along
the
Sea-coast
;
Nature
having
here
made
(
as
it
were
)
a
Stage
for
a
battell
.
In
the
very
same
place
they
say
that
Darius
was
overthrowne
and
taken
by
Alexander
in
the
last
great
Battell
;
the
[
*
](A03096-e22840-b)
*
In
Nature
the
Northerne
Regions
are
most
Martiall
.
Northerne
Men
then
also
vanquishing
the
Easterne
.
The
Citie
Alexandria
(
built
on
a
Hill
)
the
Trophie
This
end
had
Niger
,
being
brought
to
that
Disaster
,
by
his
dull
protracting
of
time
;
though
otherwise
he
were
(
as
they
say
)
in
his
publike
and
private
carriage
not
culpable
.
Niger
being
slaine
,
Severus
presently
put
to
death
all
his
friends
and
Partizans
,
whether
Voluntaries
,
or
compelled
to
assist
him
.
Yet
he
pardoned
the
Souldiers
which
were
fled
(
for
feare
)
to
the
Barbarians
beyond
the
River
Tigris
;
and
received
them
into
favour
.
For
great
numbers
of
them
retired
into
those
parts
,
whereby
it
came
to
passe
,
that
the
Barbarians
were
afterwards
more
able
to
incounter
the
Romanes
in
set
battell
;
their
manner
of
Fight
,
before
that
time
,
being
onely
with
bowes
and
arrowes
on
horseback
,
without
compleat
Armour
;
having
no
skill
to
use
Sword
,
or
Lance
;
but
clad
with
thinne
loose
Garments
,
they
shot
their
Arrowes
(
most
part
)
backewards
,
flying
from
their
Enemies
.
But
when
diverse
Romane
Souldiers
,
and
(
among
them
)
many
Armourers
,
which
fled
thither
,
had
set
set
up
their
Rests
there
;
the
Barbarians
learned
not
onely
to
use
Armes
,
but
also
to
make
them
.
Severus
having
setled
the
Affaires
of
the
Orient
to
his
owne
contentment
,
had
a
strong
desire
to
invade
the
Dominions
of
the
Atrenian
and
Parthian
Kings
,
who
were
both
Nigers
Confederates
.
But
deserriug
that
till
another
time
,
he
cast
about
,
how
he
might
now
establish
the
Romane
Empire
on
himselfe
and
his
Sonnes
.
For
Niger
being
taken
away
,
the
only
Rub
that
remayned
was
Albinus
,
whom
he
held
to
be
altogether
unprofitable
for
his
Purpose
,
and
incompatible
to
his
designes
.
Besides
,
the
Report
was
,
that
his
Caesarian
Title
had
so
puft
up
his
spirits
,
that
he
beganne
to
fare
like
an
Emperour
;
and
that
many
of
the
chiefe
Peeres
of
the
Senate
had
secretly
writ
to
him
to
hasten
to
Rome
,
while
Severus
was
absent
,
&
elswhere
ingaged
.
And
indeed
all
the
Nobles
were
most
devoted
to
Albinus
;
who
was
very
honorably
descended
;
and
reputed
to
bee
of
a
sweet
and
generous
Disposition
.
Of
all
which
passages
Severus
having
got
intelligence
,
resolved
not
instantly
to
make
open
warre
against
him
;
or
proclame
him
his
enemy
(
there
being
no
just
cause
or
colour
for
it
)
but
to
trie
if
he
could
make
him
away
by
treacherie
.
Wherefore
hee
dispatches
[
*
](A03096-e23210-b)
*
In
Britain
Court
,
where
delivering
their
Letters
openly
,
they
besought
him
to
step
aside
,
to
heare
some
speciall
Secrets
.
Albinus
suspecting
them
,
commands
them
to
be
apprehended
.
Then
,
secretly
torturing
them
,
he
learnt
out
all
their
treachery
,
and
put
them
to
death
;
and
made
preparation
against
Severus
,
as
a
professed
Enemie
.
Which
Severus
understanding
,
being
of
a
violent
spirit
and
irefull
nature
,
he
no
longer
concealed
his
Enmity
,
but
assembling
all
his
Army
,
spake
thus
.
Severus
his
Speech
against
Albinus
.
LEt
none
,
reflecting
on
my
former
Actions
,
tax
me
of
Levity
,
Treacherie
,
or
Ingratitude
,
towards
my
reputed
friend
.
I
could
doe
no
more
than
associat
him
(
by
a
firme
League
)
in
the
Imperiall
Government
:
which
some
man
would
hardly
doe
to
his
own
brother
.
Yea
,
I
communicated
to
him
that
,
which
you
conferred
on
me
alone
.
But
Albinus
unworthily
requites
these
extraordinary
Favours
which
I
have
heaped
upon
him
.
For
he
is
now
up
in
Armes
against
Vs
,
contemning
your
valour
;
and
not
regarding
his
League
with
me
.
For
he
seekes
with
insatiable
Desire
,
to
ingrosse
,
that
with
his
owne
perill
,
which
hee
securely
injoyed
by
a
peacefull
Participation
.
Neither
doth
he
revere
the
Gods
by
whom
hee
hath
so
oft
sworne
;
nor
respects
he
your
travells
,
which
with
so
great
glory
and
courage
you
have
undertaken
for
Vs
both
.
For
the
fruits
of
your
happy
successe
extended
likewise
to
him
.
Yea
,
had
he
continued
faithfull
to
us
,
we
had
done
him
greater
honour
,
than
was
yet
imparted
to
him
.
Now
as
to
doe
ill
[
*
](A03096-e23340-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
Offices
,
is
an
act
of
Injustice
;
So
,
not
to
redresse
a
Wrong
,
is
[
*
](A03096-e23360-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
unmanly
.
In
our
Wars
against
Niger
,
our
Quarrell
was
not
so
just
,
as
necessary
.
For
he
sought
not
to
imbrace
the
Imperiall
dignity
invested
in
our
person
;
but
the
Empire
lying
then
at
stake
,
and
being
yet
litigious
,
both
of
Vs
with
equall
Ambition
,
fairely
wrestled
for
it
.
But
Albinus
violating
Leagues
and
Oaths
;
makes
choice
rather
to
bee
an
Enemy
than
a
Friend
,
and
to
wage
Warre
rather
than
continue
in
amity
;
being
advanced
by
our
meere
bounty
to
that
eminent
[
*
](A03096-e23420-b)
*
Title
of
Caesar
implyed
H●●●e
apparanc●
.
Honor
,
which
anciently
appertayned
to
the
sacred
Branches
of
the
Imperiall
Stemme
.
Wherefore
as
wee
have
formerly
ennobled
him
with
great
and
glorious
Advancements
:
So
now
wee
hold
it
meet
,
to
chastise
his
ignoble
Treachery
by
force
of
Armes
.
As
for
his
poore
Army
of
[
*
](A03096-e23440-b)
*
Britaines
.
Ilanders
;
it
is
impossible
it
should
resist
your
Puissance
.
For
since
you
alone
,
by
your
owne
Valour
and
admirable
Prowesse
,
have
wonne
so
many
Battells
,
and
conquered
all
the
Orient
:
who
can
doubt
but
that
now
by
accesse
of
so
many
gallant
men
at
Armes
(
for
here
are
almost
all
the
Roman
Forces
)
you
shall
easily
rout
a
small
Number
,
led
by
One
that
hath
neither
Wit
nor
Courage
?
For
who
knowes
not
his
Voluptuary
life
,
fitter
for
a
Swine
than
a
Souldier
?
Let
us
therefore
[
*
](A03096-e23450-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
bravely
advance
against
him
,
with
our
wonted
alacrity
and
magnanimity
:
having
the
Gods
for
our
Guides
,
whom
hee
hath
dishonoured
with
Perjuries
;
and
calling
to
mind
the
many
Trophies
wee
have
erected
,
which
hee
so
highly
scornes
.
Severus
having
thus
sayd
,
the
whole
Army
proclamed
Albinus
Traytor
,
but
making
full
Demonstration
of
their
loyall
zeale
to
him
,
by
their
Acclamations
;
they
mightily
incouraged
him
,
and
made
him
wondrous
confident
.
Whereupon
rewarding
them
with
magnificent
donatives
,
he
tooke
his
Iourney
against
Albinus
.
Withall
he
sent
certaine
Troops
to
invest
Byzantium
,
[
*
](A03096-e23550-b)
*
The
Fate
of
Roch●●
:
now
,
S.
Mary
Village
.
Village
,
and
given
in
vassalage
to
the
Perinthians
,
as
Antioch
in
like
sort
to
the
Laodiceans
.
Further
,
hee
consigned
great
summes
of
money
for
the
reedifying
of
the
Cities
spoyled
by
Nigers
Souldiers
.
And
now
marching
without
any
[
*
](A03096-e23600-b)
*
Severus
wa●●●wo●d
was
Laboremus
Intermission
,
or
regard
to
holi-dayes
,
or
workedayes
,
heat
or
cold
(
all
being
alike
to
him
)
he
would
oft
in
that
Albinus
,
who
(
this
while
)
pursu●d
his
pleasures
,
and
was
supinely
negligent
,
when
he
heard
that
Severus
was
marching
with
such
expedition
;
being
startled
with
the
horrour
of
the
newes
,
presently
sailes
out
of
Britaine
,
[
*
](A03096-e23740-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
Fortune
of
the
Warre
determining
who
were
the
wiser
.
Severus
Forces
being
entred
Gallia
,
there
were
first
certaine
light
Skirmishes
in
divers
parts
;
but
at
last
,
they
fought
a
pitcht
[
*
](A03096-e23860-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
Manhood
,
or
Martiall
fury
.
Both
Armies
fighting
with
equall
bravery
,
it
was
hard
to
say
,
which
would
get
the
better
.
Divers
Historians
(
of
that
Time
)
which
more
regarded
verity
than
partiality
,
report
that
Albinus
his
Army
was
[
*
](A03096-e23890-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
farre
superiour
in
that
Part
,
which
was
incountred
by
Severus
in
Person
,
with
his
Battalion
;
insomuch
,
that
Himselfe
was
put
to
flight
,
and
beaten
off
his
Horse
,
yea
forced
to
throw
off
his
Imperiall
Cloake
,
and
hide
Himselfe
.
While
the
Britaines
follow
the
Chase
,
chanting
out
their
[
*
](A03096-e23970-b)
*
Hymnes
s●ng
to
Mars
before
Battell
,
to
Apollo
after
Victory
.
Paeans
,
as
Victors
;
Laetus
one
of
Severus
Commanders
,
suddenly
charges
them
with
fierce
&
fresh
troops
.
Hee
was
harshly
censured
,
as
if
hee
purposely
kept
aloofe
,
and
reserved
that
choice
Regiment
to
get
the
Empire
to
himselfe
:
intending
then
to
take
the
Field
,
when
he
heard
Severus
was
slain
.
Which
suggestion
was
fortified
by
the
event
.
For
when
Severus
had
setled
all
things
to
his
owne
minde
,
and
secured
his
estate
,
he
richly
rewarded
all
his
other
Chieftaines
;
but
remembring
how
Laetus
had
served
him
,
hee
put
him
to
death
,
as
he
deserved
.
These
things
were
done
afterwards
.
Now
when
Laetus
●ame
in
view
(
as
a●oresaid
)
with
a
new
supply
;
the
Severians
took
heart
againe
,
and
remounting
Severus
on
Horsebacke
,
put
on
his
Purple
[
*
](A03096-e24080-b)
*
A
military
Mantle
.
Surcoat
.
The
Albinians
,
that
(
presuming
they
were
Masters
of
the
Field
)
had
[
*
](A03096-e24100-b)
*
So
the
dis-ranking
of
the
English
lost
all
to
the
●●●mans
.
disbanded
themselves
;
being
suddenly
and
furiously
charged
by
fresh
Companies
;
after
a
short
resistance
,
fled
;
the
Severians
following
the
execution
to
the
City
gates
.
The
Number
of
the
slaine
,
and
captives
,
on
either
side
,
is
differently
related
by
the
Writers
of
that
Age.
The
City
[
*
](A03096-e24140-b)
*
Lyons
in
France
.
Lugdunum
was
sackt
and
burnt
by
the
Severians
;
who
having
took
Albinus
,
struck
off
his
head
,
Thus
raised
he
two
most
stately
One
Man
to
have
the
killing
of
Three
Enthronized
Emperours
;
to
surprise
the
Pretorian
Troops
at
Rome
by
finenesse
of
Wit
;
to
kill
One
Emperour
in
the
Pallace
Royall
;
to
defeat
another
,
that
raigned
in
the
Orient
,
and
was
elected
Emperour
by
the
Romanes
;
and
to
vanquish
a
Third
,
that
was
a
Caesar
,
of
great
Nobility
and
Dependencie
;
you
shall
hardly
finde
the
like
.
To
this
End
came
Albinus
,
having
injoyed
his
Fatall
Dignity
but
a
short
time
.
And
now
was
Severus
full
charged
with
wrath
and
indignation
against
Albinus
Friends
at
Rome
;
whither
he
sent
his
head
,
commanding
it
to
be
publickly
affixt
on
the
Gallowes
.
And
in
the
Letters
which
he
writ
to
the
People
of
his
Victories
,
he
added
this
Post-script
;
that
He
there
sent
them
his
Head
,
strictly
charging
,
that
it
bee
publickly
set
on
the
Gibbet
,
to
the
end
,
they
might
perceive
by
that
Token
of
his
Wrath
,
how
highly
hee
was
offended
with
them
.
Having
Ordered
the
State
of
Britaine
,
and
divided
the
government
of
the
Province
into
two
[
*
](A03096-e24480-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
President-ships
;
and
having
Severus
having
visited
Iupiters
Temple
,
and
performed
other
[
*
](A03096-e24590-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
Sacred
Rites
,
went
to
his
Royall
Palace
,
and
in
honour
of
his
Victories
,
bestowed
great
store
of
Corne
on
the
Citizens
,
and
much
Coyne
on
his
Soulders
,
to
whom
he
granted
many
Priviledges
which
formerly
they
had
not
.
For
hee
first
augmented
their
proportion
of
Wheat
,
and
permitted
them
to
weare
Gold
Rings
,
and
cohabit
with
their
Wives
;
all
which
were
reputed
utterly
dissonant
from
Military
austerity
,
and
Martiall
dispositions
.
But
he
was
the
first
that
altered
their
strong
and
manly
Diet
,
and
subverted
all
Order
,
Discipline
,
and
Obedience
to
Governours
;
by
teaching
them
to
hunt
after
Money
,
and
using
them
to
delicate
Fare
.
Having
made
these
Ordinances
(
after
his
owne
fancie
)
he
entred
the
[
*
](A03096-e24620-b)
*
Or
,
Parliamenthouse
.
Senat-house
,
where
ascending
his
Royall
Throne
,
hee
made
a
bitter
Invective
against
Albinus
Friends
,
producing
the
secret
letters
of
some
of
them
,
which
hee
found
in
his
Cabinets
;
and
objecting
to
others
,
that
they
had
honoured
him
with
the
richest
Presents
;
to
these
,
that
they
had
favoured
his
Eastern
[
*
](A03096-e24650-b)
*
Niger
.
Enemies
;
to
those
,
that
they
were
Albinus
Favourites
.
Then
he
put
to
death
all
[
*
](A03096-e24700-b)
*
Game
,
or
Exercse
of
Manhood
.
Agon
,
sending
for
Actours
and
Champions
from
all
parts
.
I
have
seene
(
in
his
Time
)
Shewes
of
all
kindes
of
Pageants
in
all
the
Theaters
at
once
;
as
also
processions
and
vigils
(
like
Ceres
mysteries
.
)
Secular
Solemnities
,
because
they
come
and
see
those
[
*
](A03096-e24790-b)
*
Instituted
in
honour
of
Apollo
and
Diana
(
the
Sunne
and
Moone
)
Shewes
which
they
had
never
seene
before
,
nor
should
ever
after
see
:
Intimating
thereby
,
that
the
inter-space
betwixt
the
past
and
present
Celebrity
,
exceeded
the
longest
Age
of
Men
,
Having
stayd
a
sufficient
time
at
Rome
(
where
he
associated
his
Sonnes
in
the
Soveraignty
,
and
declared
them
Emperours
)
considering
that
his
former
Victories
were
over
his
owne
Countrey-men
and
the
Romane
Armies
(
for
which
cause
he
forbore
Triumph
)
he
determined
to
get
himselfe
honour
by
a
glorious
Conquest
of
the
Barbarians
.
His
pretext
was
,
to
be
revenged
on
Barsemius
the
Atrenian
King
,
for
his
Confederacie
with
Niger
.
Whereupon
he
lead
his
army
into
the
Orient
,
and
as
hee
was
about
to
enter
Armenia
,
the
Arabia
Felix
,
where
growe
those
odorate
Herbes
which
wee
use
for
Spicerie
and
Frankincense
.
Having
destroyed
many
Cities
and
villages
,
and
wasted
the
Countrey
,
●e
entred
the
Land
of
the
Atrenians
,
and
S.
Bernard
.
against
their
wills
,
by
the
violence
of
the
Current
;
presently
landed
,
and
immediately
fell
a
syoyling
&
ravaging
the
Countrey
;
driving
away
all
the
Cattell
they
met
with
,
for
Provision
;
and
burning
all
the
Towns
(
as
they
went
,
)
Then
marcht
they
to
Ctesiphon
,
where
the
great
King
Artabanus
was
resiant
,
and
[
*
](A03096-e25170-b)
*
Dight
with
Laurel
,
as
Conquerors
used
.
Letters
to
the
Romane
Peeres
and
People
,
containing
a
glorious
Relation
of
his
Acts
;
accompanied
with
painted
Tables
,
representing
all
his
Battels
and
Conquests
.
Hereupon
the
Senate
decreed
to
him
all
triumphant
Honours
,
and
the
Sirnames
of
the
Nations
hee
had
vanquished
.
Severus
having
composed
the
Orientall
Affaires
,
took
his
way
towards
Rome
,
bringing
with
him
his
Sonnes
,
who
were
now
big
Youths
.
Having
ended
his
Iourney
,
ordered
the
Provinces
(
as
was
requisite
)
and
visited
the
[
*
](A03096-e25210-b)
*
Mysiae
,
now
Servia
and
Bulgaria
.
Mysian
and
Pannonian
Armies
,
he
entred
the
City
in
Triumph
;
the
Romanes
receiving
him
with
great
Acclamations
[
*
](A03096-e25290-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
collogued
with
them
for
their
owne
ends
,
Severus
understanding
their
differences
,
assaled
to
reconcile
them
and
reduce
them
to
better
temper
.
The
elder
of
them
(
whose
[
*
](A03096-e25320-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
Genuine
Name
was
Bassian
,
before
his
Advancement
to
the
Imperiall
Family
)
Severus
after
his
Inauguration
in
the
Empire
,
named
Antonine
;
which
was
the
Sirname
of
Marcus
.
To
him
hee
gave
a
wife
;
hoping
that
[
*
](A03096-e25380-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
Marriage
would
make
him
a
stayd
man
.
Shee
was
the
Daughter
of
Plautian
,
Captaine
of
the
Pretorian
Ba●ds
,
who
was
(
as
they
say
)
but
of
meane
estate
in
his
youth
,
and
proscribed
for
Sedition
,
and
other
Crimes
.
Hee
was
Severus
his
Countriman
(
an
African
borne
)
and
(
by
report
)
his
Kinsman
:
and
(
as
some
have
taxed
him
)
in
his
younger
yeares
his
Catamite
.
Him
Severus
advanced
from
very
low
degree
,
to
great
dignity
;
inriching
him
exceedingly
with
the
Goods
and
Lands
of
condemned
persons
,
and
almost
sh〈…〉
[
*
](A03096-e25440-b)
*
Of
Severus
〈…〉
p●ss●g
〈…〉
t●e
〈…〉
Ess●y
of
Friendship
.
pire
with
him
.
〈…〉
Fortunes
he
ab
〈…〉
ciousnesse
;
omitti
〈…〉
cru●l●y
or
outrage
,
to
comp●sse
his
designes
;
being
more
Tyrannically
sterne
,
than
all
the
Princes
that
ever
were
.
To
his
Daughter
did
Severus
match
his
Sonne
,
and
unite
his
House
to
his
.
But
Antonine
taking
small
joy
[
*
](A03096-e25550-b)
*
Vid.
Alex.
ab
Alex.
l.
5.
cap.
18.
purfled
and
embrodered
with
Golden
Studds
,
and
was
ranked
with
the
prime
Nobility
.
A
Sword
was
borne
before
him
,
and
hee
alone
represented
the
Emperors
Person
.
Hee
walked
abroad
with
such
terrible
Majestie
,
that
none
durst
come
neere
him
;
and
if
any
met
him
(
by
chance
)
they
stept
aside
:
his
Gentlemen
Vshers
making
Proclamation
,
that
None
should
stand
in
the
way
,
nor
looke
at
him
;
but
turne
aside
,
and
looke
downewards
.
When
Severus
understood
this
,
he
disgusted
it
,
and
beganne
to
thinke
harshly
of
him
;
insomuch
that
hee
clipt
the
Wings
of
his
Authority
;
commanding
him
to
leave
that
insolent
Demeanour
.
Plautian
taking
this
as
an
intollerable
Affront
,
fell
roundly
to
[
*
](A03096-e25610-b)
*
The
command
of
1000
souldiers
.
place
under
him
,
and
was
exceedingly
devoted
to
Plautian
;
and
though
all
were
intirely
his
,
yet
hee
by
his
singular
veneration
,
had
wonne
his
Affection
more
than
the
rest
.
Thinking
him
to
be
a
most
trusty
fellow
,
and
the
onely
Engine
for
his
secret
Designes
;
hee
sends
for
him
in
the
Evening
;
and
all
being
commanded
to
voyd
the
roome
,
spake
thus
to
him
.
NOw
is
the
time
for
you
to
make
a
brave
Consummation
of
the
love
and
observance
you
have
professed
,
and
for
me
likewise
to
render
to
you
according
to
your
Merits
,
and
to
make
cond●gne
retribution
.
I
put
it
to
your
choice
,
either
to
be
as
you
see
me
now
,
and
to
succeed
mee
in
this
eminent
place
;
or
instantly
to
suffer
death
for
refusing
my
Command
.
Let
not
the
greatnesse
of
the
Enterprise
affright
,
nor
the
Name
of
Emperours
amaze
you
.
When
it
comes
to
your
turne
this
Night
to
relieve
the
Watch
,
you
may
goe
alone
to
the
Bed-chamber
,
and
what
you
are
to
doe
,
you
may
secretly
effect
without
any
let
.
Goe
your
wayes
therefore
to
the
Court
(
without
any
more
adoe
)
as
if
you
had
some
speciall
secret
Message
from
me
:
and
as
soone
as
you
come
at
them
,
kill
them
.
Bee
resolute
(
Man
)
you
may
soon
dispatch
an
Old
man
,
and
a
Boy
.
And
as
you
partake
the
danger
;
so
shall
you
participate
the
greatest
honour
,
for
so
galland
an
Exployt
.
At
this
Sp●ech
the
Tribune
was
not
a
little
confused
;
yet
recollecting
himselfe
,
and
being
a
notable
shrewd
pated
Fellow
(
for
he
was
a
Syrian
borne
,
and
your
Easterne
Men
are
generally
wise
,
and
of
quicke
[
*
](A03096-e25670-b)
*
In
warme
Climates
people
are
generally
more
wise
.
sent
)
he
considered
,
that
to
reject
the
motion
of
so
mighty
a
Potentate
,
being
in
so
great
rage
,
were
present
death
:
wherefore
pretending
that
hee
infinitely
liked
the
Businesse
,
he
adored
him
as
Emperour
,
beseeching
his
Warrant
for
the
Execution
:
(
For
it
was
the
manner
of
Tyrants
,
when
they
commanded
any
to
be
slain
(
without
Iudiciall
Processe
)
to
signe
a
Warrant
to
that
purpose
,
for
the
Actors
discharge
.
)
Plautian
,
blinded
with
ambition
,
delivers
his
Warrant
to
the
Tribune
,
strictly
charging
him
,
that
as
soone
as
hee
had
killed
both
the
Princes
,
before
it
were
noysed
abroad
,
he
should
send
some
to
call
for
him
,
that
hee
might
seize
the
Palace
and
Empire
,
before
any
man
dreamt
of
it
.
With
this
charge
and
commission
,
the
Tribune
departs
,
and
as
hee
was
wont
,
walks
the
Round
through
all
the
Emperours
Pallace
;
and
knowing
how
difficult
a
thing
it
were
for
one
man
to
kill
two
Princes
in
severall
Lodgings
,
he
intends
to
disclose
all
to
Severus
;
and
desired
the
Doore
keepers
to
let
him
in
,
for
it
concerned
his
Life
.
They
delivering
the
Message
to
Severus
,
hee
commands
them
to
bring
him
in
.
Being
entred
in
,
hee
thus
said
:
Sir
,
I
am
come
(
as
hee
that
sent
mee
The
Tribune
having
done
,
fell
a
weeping
.
But
Severus
could
not
instantly
credite
it
:
For
Plautian's
Love
had
taken
deep
root
in
his
heart
;
and
hee
suspected
it
to
bee
a
meere
Illusion
,
and
cunning
Imposture
;
imagining
that
his
son
[
the
Prince
]
out
of
his
hatred
to
Plautian
and
his
daughter
,
had
devised
this
stratagem
&
deadly
[
*
](A03096-e25790-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
slander
.
wherfore
instantly
sending
for
him
,
he
sharply
rebuked
him
,
for
plotting
such
things
against
his
deare
bosome-friend
.
Antoninus
swore
deeply
he
knew
nothing
of
it
.
The
Tribune
producing
Plautians
Warrant
,
Antonine
incouraged
him
to
detect
the
Crime
.
The
Tribune
perceiving
his
owne
Danger
,
and
well-knowing
how
gracious
Plautian
was
with
the
Emperor
(
so
that
if
now
hee
made
not
good
his
Charge
,
he
should
bee
put
to
a
cruell
death
)
sayd
thus
;
Sir
,
what
clearer
proofe
or
stronger
Evidence
can
you
desire
?
yet
if
you
will
give
mee
leave
to
goe
out
of
the
Pallace
,
and
send
a
trusty
Messenger
to
him
,
to
let
him
know
that
I
have
done
his
Command
,
hee
will
presently
believe
it
,
and
repaire
hither
to
seize
the
Pallace
.
So
may
you
learne
out
the
Truth
.
Onely
command
all
in
the
Court
to
be
quiet
,
that
there
may
bee
no
intelligence
given
to
prevent
the
Plot.
This
being
agreed
,
he
sends
a
speciall
friend
to
Plautian
,
to
bid
him
come
quickly
(
now
both
Princes
were
slaine
)
before
it
were
blazed
abroad
;
that
possessing
the
[
*
](A03096-e25870-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
Castle
,
and
seeling
himselfe
in
the
Empire
,
he
might
get
the
Soveraignty
in
despight
of
all
men
.
Plautian
believing
the
Message
,
was
full
of
hope
,
and
putting
on
a
Cuirace
(
for
defence
)
under
his
Garments
(
the
night
being
well
spent
)
he
poasted
in
his
Caroach
to
the
Court
,
taking
but
a
few
with
him
,
that
supposed
the
Emperours
had
sent
for
him
about
extraordinary
Affaires
.
Being
en●●ed
the
Royall
pallace
,
without
any
stop
(
the
Corps
de
guard
knowing
nothing
of
the
busines
)
the
Tribune
meets
him
,
and
(
of
set
purpose
)
salutes
him
Emperour
;
This
end
had
Plautian
,
answerable
to
his
exorbitant
Life
and
Insatiate
Ambition
.
Severus
henceforth
made
two
Pretorian
Prefects
,
and
spent
most
of
his
Time
in
his
Royall
houses
in
the
Suburbs
,
or
in
the
Sea-coast
of
[
*
](A03096-e26020-b)
*
The
Region
betwixt
Rome
and
Naples
.
Campania
,
ministring
[
†
](A03096-e26060-b)
†
Severus
was
a
good
Law-giver
.
S.
Aur.
Vici
.
de
Caesar
.
Iustice
,
and
attending
State-Affaires
.
Hee
was
also
exceeding
carefull
to
have
his
Sonnes
at
Rome
,
bred
in
honourable
fashion
.
For
he
perceived
they
were
more
addicted
to
Playes
and
Games
,
than
was
agreeable
to
their
Princely
estare
.
The
pursuit
whereof
,
and
their
eager
desire
to
win
,
being
st●ll
accompanyed
with
different
successe
,
and
vehement
altercation
,
distracted
the
Brethrens
affections
,
and
inflamed
them
with
Fire-brands
of
enmity
and
discord
.
But
Antonine
especially
(
now
Plautian
was
made
away
)
beganne
to
be
intolerable
in
his
behaviour
,
and
formidable
to
all
;
using
all
possible
meanes
to
destroy
his
wife
,
daughter
to
Plautian
.
But
Severus
sent
her
away
with
her
brother
into
Sicilie
,
assigning
them
sufficient
Maintenance
to
live
plentifully
(
imitating
Augustus
,
who
dealt
in
like
sort
with
Antonius
sonnes
,
when
he
became
his
Enemie
.
)
And
now
he
mainly
laboured
[
*
](A03096-e26200-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
:
Remembring
them
out
of
old
Stoties
and
Tragedies
,
of
the
disasters
which
befell
to
Brothers
that
were
Princes
,
by
such
Dissentions
.
Hee
shewed
them
how
full
of
Money
the
Treasuries
and
Temples
were
,
so
that
they
needed
not
to
seeke
for
Wealth
and
Riches
abroad
,
that
had
such
abundance
at
home
,
whereby
they
might
bountifully
reward
the
Souldiers
at
their
pleasure
:
That
the
Romane
Guards
were
quadrupled
;
and
so
puissant
an
Army
lay
before
the
City
,
that
considering
the
Number
of
men
at
Armes
,
Hugenes
of
their
bodies
,
and
great
store
of
treasure
,
no
forraign
power
was
able
to
come
neere
them
:
And
yet
all
(
he
said
)
would
come
to
nought
,
if
they
jarr'd
&
warr'd
one
with
the
other
.
Thus
did
hee
daily
schoole
them
,
and
by
sharpe
reprehensions
and
faire
speeches
,
strove
all
hee
could
to
bring
them
to
sobriety
and
temper
.
But
all
in
vaine
.
For
these
unbridled
Gallants
,
being
in
those
first
heats
of
youth
,
flesht
in
all
kinde
of
Pleasures
(
by
reason
of
their
Imperiall
State
)
became
worse
and
worse
,
and
were
more
at
ods
than
ever
,
by
the
practices
of
their
Parasites
,
who
did
not
only
base
offices
in
serving
their
Lusts
,
but
were
also
still
projecting
new
Quarrells
and
Debates
betwixt
them
for
their
own
sinister
ends
.
But
Severus
finding
out
divers
of
those
bad
Instruments
,
severely
punisht
them
.
The
Emperour
being
in
great
anguish
of
spirit
,
by
reason
of
his
Childrens
unseemly
and
unprincely
Demeanour
,
received
[
*
](A03096-e26310-b)
*
He
means
the
Provinciated
part
of
Britaine
.
Place
;
or
rather
,
that
his
Imperiall
Majestly
should
come
in
person
.
Severus
was
glad
of
this
newes
as
naturally
desirous
of
honour
,
and
ambitious
(
after
his
Eastern
and
Northern
Victories
and
Sirnames
)
to
make
a
Conquest
of
the
Britaines
.
Ioyfull
also
hee
was
of
so
faire
an
occasion
to
take
his
Sonnes
from
Rome
,
and
weane
them
from
the
Diet
and
Delights
of
the
City
,
by
inuring
them
to
a
sober
military
life
.
He
proclamed
therefore
his
Expedition
The
Britaines
much
troubled
at
the
Emperors
sudden
[
*
](A03096-e26450-b)
*
Omnia
repentina
terrent
.
arrival
,
and
understanding
that
he
meant
to
bring
all
those
Forces
against
them
,
sent
Embassadors
to
crave
Peace
,
and
excuse
their
Faults
.
But
Severus
seeking
to
protract
time
(
lest
hee
should
returne
to
Rome
as
he
came
)
and
being
very
eager
of
the
Conquest
and
Sirname
of
Britaine
,
dismisses
their
Embassadors
without
[
*
](A03096-e26490-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
dispatch
,
and
provides
all
warlike
Ammunition
.
And
to
the
end
his
souldiers
might
stand
firme
in
fight
,
and
bestirre
themselves
nimbly
,
and
on
sure
ground
;
hee
gave
strict
charge
to
make
Causies
and
Bridges
over
the
Marish
land
:
For
the
most
part
of
that
Region
of
the
Britaines
,
being
surrounded
by
the
Oceans
continuall
Irruption
,
is
Fenny
and
Moorish
.
In
those
Bogges
the
[
*
](A03096-e26520-b)
*
The
Romanes
stiled
all
Barbarians
,
but
themselves
and
the
Greeks
.
Barbarians
use
to
swim
and
run
up
and
downe
,
plunging
themselves
to
the
middle
;
for
being
halfe-naked
,
they
care
not
for
Mire
or
Mud.
They
use
not
Vestures
,
but
weare
about
their
[
*
](A03096-e26550-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
people
,
and
very
furious
in
fight
:
wherein
they
use
onely
a
Severus
hauing
all
things
in
readinesse
that
he
desired
,
which
might
further
the
Romanes
,
or
hinder
&
annoy
the
Barbarians
,
left
his
younger
son
Geta
in
that
[
*
](A03096-e26610-b)
*
Viz.
at
York
part
of
the
I
le
,
which
was
under
the
Romane
obedience
,
to
minister
Iustice
,
and
governe
the
State
;
appoynting
(
for
his
Assistance
)
his
most
ancient
Friends
and
Counsellours
;
but
tooke
Antonine
with
him
to
the
Warre
against
the
Barbarians
.
The
Armie
(
having
past
those
rivers
and
Rampiers
which
disterminate
the
Frontiers
of
the
Romanes
from
the
Barbarians
)
made
certaine
petty
Skirmishes
and
Excursions
,
wherein
they
had
still
the
better
.
But
the
enemies
retreated
at
their
pleasure
into
their
Fastnesses
among
the
Woods
and
Fennes
(
so
familiar
to
them
;
)
wherein
they
hid
themselves
;
which
being
no
small
[
*
](A03096-e26650-b)
*
Severus
lost
fifty
thousand
in
that
Service
.
Dio.
detriment
to
the
Romans
,
did
spinne
the
Warre
to
a
great
length
.
Meanewhile
Severus
,
being
now
very
aged
,
fell
into
a
languishing
Disease
,
which
forced
him
to
keep
home
,
and
send
Antonine
to
prosecute
the
warre
.
But
hee
little
regarding
the
Barbarians
,
bended
all
his
indeavours
to
win
the
Souldiers
,
perswading
them
to
make
him
their
Chief
.
For
he
vehemently
aspired
to
sole
Soveraign
;
to
which
purpose
,
hee
still
depraved
and
disvalued
his
brother
.
Hee
was
also
much
vext
that
his
Fathers
Disease
was
so
lingring
,
and
had
not
made
an
end
of
him
;
wherfore
he
sollicited
his
Physicians
and
Attendants
to
dispatch
the
old
man
,
and
mischiefe
him
(
by
any
meanes
whatsoever
.
)
At
last
Severus
departed
this
life
,
being
consumed
and
pined
away
,
rather
[
*
](A03096-e26710-b)
*
Severus
dies
for
griefe
.
with
Heart-griefe
,
than
any
other
malady
;
having
beene
the
most
famous
Warrier
of
all
the
Emperours
.
For
none
ever
got
so
many
Victories
over
Civill
and
Forraigne
Enemies
.
He
deceased
[
*
](A03096-e26730-b)
*
At
Yorke
,
April
.
4.
An.
Dom.
212.
in
the
eighteenth
yeare
of
his
Raigne
,
leaving
to
his
young
sonnes
which
succeeded
him
,
such
a
Masse
of
Treasure
,
as
never
any
did
;
and
so
puissant
an
Armie
,
as
was
unmatchable
.
Antonine
(
after
Severus
death
)
[
*
](A03096-e26880-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
sacred
Sepulchers
of
the
Emperours
.
They
lead
the
Army
(
as
Conquerors
of
Britaine
)
and
The
End
of
the
third
Booke
.
HERODIAN
HIS
IMPERIALL
HISTORIE
.
The
fourth
Booke
.
The
Contents
.
THe
two
Emperours
enter
Rome
in
State
.
What
Romane
Emperours
Deifyed
.
Their
solemne
Obsequie
and
Funerall
Triumph
:
Severus
Deified
:
Wrestling
:
The
Partition
of
the
Empire
:
The
Empresse
Dowager
hinders
it
:
Antonine
kills
Geta
:
His
Prodigality
and
savage
Cruelty
:
His
guilty
Conscience
:
His
Exercises
and
Military
Austerity
:
He
acts
Alexander
and
Achilles
:
Hee
is
royally
entertained
at
Alexandria
:
He
offers
at
Alexanders
Shrine
:
His
Quarrell
to
the
Alexandrians
.
A
fear
full
Massacre
:
He
pretends
to
bee
a
Suiter
to
the
King
of
Parthia's
Daughter
;
under
which
colour
,
hee
massacres
the
Parthians
:
He
consults
with
Magicians
,
and
commands
them
to
conjure
:
Hee
is
slaine
:
Macrinus
succeeds
:
His
Speech
:
A
terrible
battell
betwixt
the
Romans
&
Parthians
:
Heralds
make
a
sudden
League
betwixt
them
.
THe
Acts
of
Severus
the
Emperour
during
the
Eighteene
yeares
of
his
Reigne
,
we
have
related
in
the
precedent
booke
.
His
Sonnes
,
who
were
yet
Being
come
to
Rome
,
the
people
Yet
had
they
speciall
care
to
Over
all
the
city
there
is
a
semblance
[
*
](A03096-e27390-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
Order
of
Knight-hood
,
lift
up
the
bed
on
their
shoulders
,
and
carry
it
through
the
[
*
](A03096-e27410-b)
*
Via
sacra
:
It
reached
from
the
Pallace
to
the
Forum
,
which
was
the
chiefe
Place
of
publicke
Meetings
&
Pleadings
.
Sacred
Street
,
to
the
old
Forum
;
(
where
the
Romane
Magistrates
use
to
resigne
their
Offices
.
)
On
both
sides
are
Scaffolds
erected
:
On
the
one
part
,
is
a
Quire
of
Boyes
of
most
noble
birth
and
descent
:
opposite
to
them
is
a
Quire
of
Ladies
of
prime
Nobilitie
:
all
which
sing
Hymnes
and
[
*
](A03096-e27430-b)
*
Or
Paeans
Lauds
over
the
defunct
,
with
solemn
mournfull
Melody
.
Which
done
,
they
take
up
the
bed
againe
,
and
carry
[
*
](A03096-e27470-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
House
,
consisting
of
no
other
Materials
,
but
[
*
](A03096-e27520-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
Light-Houses
,
which
by
fire
in
the
night
,
direct
ships
to
a
safe
Harbor
(
vulgarly
called
Pharos
.
)
The
bed
being
brought
into
the
second
roome
,
they
throw
in
(
by
heapes
)
all
sorts
of
Spices
,
and
sweet
Odours
,
that
the
earth
affoords
,
and
all
kinde
of
fragrant
and
odo●ate
Fruits
,
Herbes
,
and
Gums
:
for
there
is
not
a
[
*
](A03096-e27560-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
.
(
〈◊〉
●hich
sen●e
the
Authour
uses
it
per
totum
.
)
Province
,
or
City
,
or
any
Person
of
Honor
and
Authoritie
,
which
is
not
ambitious
to
send
these
last
Presents
,
to
the
Honour
of
their
Prince
.
When
a
mighty
Pile
of
Aromatickes
is
amassed
together
,
so
that
all
the
place
is
full
;
then
,
all
of
the
Order
of
Knighthood
,
[
“
](A03096-e27600-b)
“
Dancing
in
Armour
inve●●ed
by
●
.
●●rr●us
.
P●in
H●st
.
lib.
7.
●
.
56.
Pyrrhick
Measures
.
In
the
same
stately
manner
,
there
ride
about
the
Frame
,
Purple
Chariottiers
,
representing
the
Persons
,
&
bearing
the
Images
of
the
Noblest
Roman
Worthies
&
Emperors
.
Which
Celebrity
performed
,
the
Successor
in
the
Empire
takes
a
Torch
in
his
hand
,
and
puts
it
to
the
Frame
,
Then
,
all
the
●●●titude
set
fire
to
it
on
every
side
,
and
presently
the
whole
Frame
,
filled
with
such
combustible
and
odoriferous
stuff
,
is
al
on
a
bright
blaze
.
Immediatly
,
from
the
top
of
the
least
and
highest
Turret
(
as
from
a
Pinnacle
)
an
Eagle
is
let
The
young
Emperours
,
after
[
*
](A03096-e27790-b)
*
Of
this
Vid.
Strab.
lib.
2.
and
the
Travels
of
that
noble
learned
Gentleman
M.
George
Sandys
,
pag.
27.
—
quem
pulcher
Apollo
,
Omnes
per
montes
,
atque
antra
per
omnia
auxit
Propontick
Gulfe
.
)
It
was
also
,
agreed
that
Antonines
Campe
should
lye
at
Byzantium
:
and
Getaes
at
Chalcedon
,
a
City
in
Bithynia
:
that
the
Armies
facing
each
other
(
in
those
Frontire
Townes
)
might
guard
the
Dominions
of
both
,
and
forbid
the
Passage
by
Sea
:
[
Chalcedon
being
situate
over
against
Byzantium
,
in
the
mouth
of
Pontus
Euxinus
.
]
It
was
likewise
ordered
,
that
the
Senators
and
Nobles
which
were
Europaeans
,
should
reside
at
Rome
;
the
rest
should
follow
Geta
;
who
destined
Antioch
or
Alexandria
(
which
were
not
much
lesse
than
Rome
)
for
the
chief
seat
of
his
Empire
;
&
was
content
to
leave
to
Antonine
the
Provinciated
Moors
and
Numidians
of
the
South
(
with
the
bordering
nations
of
Africk
)
taking
to
himselfe
the
Countries
(
beyond
)
towards
the
Orient
.
While
they
were
thus
parting
the
Empire
[
*
](A03096-e28000-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
by
the
Map
,
all
the
Lords
being
much
grieved
at
it
,
their
Mother
Iulia
thus
interrupted
them
;
O
my
Sonnes
,
you
have
found
the
way
to
divide
Sea
and
Land
;
and
the
Ponticke
Gulfe
(
as
you
say
)
parts
both
Continents
:
But
how
will
you
divide
your
Mother
?
How
shall
I
(
Wretched
Woman
!
)
be
torne
&
mangled
betwixt
you
?
First
therfore
kill
me
outright
,
and
divide
me
(
each
of
you
taking
his
part
)
that
I
also
(
with
Sea
and
Land
)
may
bee
divided
betweene
you
.
Having
thus
said
,
with
many
teares
,
she
caught
hold
of
them
both
(
with
a
loud
shrieke
)
and
clasping
them
in
her
Armes
,
with
great
violence
of
affection
,
endeavoured
to
reconcile
them
.
Which
piteous
sight
strucke
such
a
horrour
into
all
;
that
the
[
*
](A03096-e28060-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
Counsell
was
dismist
,
the
Proposition
quite
dasht
,
and
the
Princes
returned
to
their
severall
Palaces
.
Yet
was
there
no
hope
of
Reconcilement
,
but
still
their
irrelenting
Fury
increased
.
At
the
Elections
of
Vice-Royes
and
Presidents
,
each
preferred
his
Friend
;
and
when
they
sate
in
Iudgement
,
they
were
of
different
Opinions
;
to
the
infinite
losse
of
those
which
had
Causes
to
be
heard
;
for
they
more
regarded
Partiallity
,
than
Iustice
or
Equitie
.
Yea
,
at
Sports
&
Games
they
were
still
of
contrary
sides
.
Neither
did
they
forbeare
any
sort
of
Treachery
;
but
dealt
eftsoons
with
their
severall
Cooks
and
Cup-bearers
,
to
poison
each
other
.
Which
not
taking
effect
,
because
of
the
ordinary
care
and
caution
of
both
at
their
Table
;
at
last
Antonine
having
lost
all
patience
,
and
resolved
to
raigne
alone
,
intends
to
murther
his
brother
.
For
seeing
his
secret
plots
succeeded
not
,
he
determined
in
despight
of
all
danger
,
to
breake
through
all
difficulties
.
Wherefore
rushing
into
his
brothers
Chamber
(
who
thought
not
of
him
)
hee
slew
him
in
his
[
*
](A03096-e28140-b)
*
80.
li.
(
aut
praeter-propter
.
)
thousand
five
hundred
Attique
Drachmaes
,
and
double
the
Antonine's
Speech
to
the
Senate
.
I
Am
not
ignorant
how
odious
and
subject
to
calumnie
the
Murther
of
Domestickes
is
at
the
first
Bruit
:
for
Men
are
apt
to
pitty
them
that
suffer
,
and
to
maligne
the
Actors
:
so
that
he
which
is
vanquished
may
bee
thought
to
be
wronged
,
and
the
Victor
to
have
done
the
wrong
.
But
if
Men
looke
into
the
Matter
with
cleere
judgements
,
not
clouded
with
favour
to
the
defunct
,
but
rightly
weighing
his
cause
and
ballancing
his
purpose
,
they
will
soone
discern
that
it
is
farre
more
reasonable
and
necessary
to
revenge
,
than
receive
an
Injurie
:
(
the
Party
slaine
being
(
withall
)
so
egregious
a
coward
,
and
the
Victor
so
bravely
valorous
,
as
appeares
by
the
Event
.
)
What
perillous
Plots
hee
had
on
fo●t
against
me
,
both
by
Poysons
,
and
all
sorts
of
treacherous
practices
,
you
may
soone
finde
by
the
torture
of
his
Servants
,
whom
I
have
therefore
commanded
to
bee
brought
hither
,
that
you
may
know
the
truth
.
Divers
of
them
have
beene
examined
already
;
whose
Confessions
you
may
heare
.
The
truth
is
,
I
being
with
my
Mother
,
he
and
others
rusht
in
upon
me
,
with
drawne
swords
:
but
I
shrewdly
suspecting
it
(
my
mind
misgiving
me
)
prevented
it
,
and
slew
him
as
a
Traitonr
:
for
certes
hee
had
not
the
affection
or
disposition
of
a
brother
:
Now
as
it
is
an
act
of
Iustice
to
bee
revenged
on
such
dangerous
persons
,
so
are
there
good
Precedents
for
it
.
Romulus
,
the
first
Founder
of
this
City
,
would
not
indure
his
owne
brother
,
[
*
](A03096-e28300-b)
*
Vid.
Liv.
&
Aurel.
Victor
.
de
Orig.
Gent.
Ro●●
.
that
did
but
jest
at
his
endeavours
.
I
omit
Germanicus
,
brother
to
Nero
;
and
Titus
,
brother
to
Domitian
.
Marcus
himselfe
,
that
made
such
afaire
Flourish
of
Philosophy
and
Humanity
,
would
not
suffer
the
affront
of
[
*
](A03096-e28350-b)
*
There
was
a
Report
that
Marcus
Aurelius
poysoned
him
,
but
(
as
Aurelius
Victor
saith
)
none
but
lewd
persons
believed
it
.
Lucius
,
his
Sonne
in
law
;
but
secretly
dispatcht
him
.
And
so
have
I
anticipated
(
by
a
just
Vindication
)
the
Poysons
and
Sword
of
an
Enemy
:
(
for
so
his
Deeds
stile
him
.
)
You
are
therfore
to
thanke
the
Gods
,
that
have
reserved
you
such
a
Prince
,
under
whose
sole
Regiment
you
may
now
live
quietly
and
securely
,
without
Distractions
:
For
as
Iupiter
is
the
onely
Emperour
among
the
Gods
,
so
hath
hee
decreed
that
there
shall
bee
but
one
Emperour
among
Men.
Having
thus
said
with
a
loud
Voice
(
in
great
rage
)
and
casting
[
*
](A03096-e28420-b)
*
They
had
not
the
honour
of
a
decent
Funerall
.
fire
.
Hee
spared
none
that
had
the
least
acquaintance
with
Geta
;
but
put
to
the
sword
,
even
Wrestlers
,
Charriot-drivers
,
and
all
kinde
of
Players
and
Actors
,
that
had
any
way
delighted
him
,
by
seeing
or
hearing
them
.
He
slew
also
the
most
eminent
and
opulent
Senatours
,
upon
the
least
suipicion
or
suggestion
,
that
they
were
friends
to
his
brother
.
He
put
to
death
Commodus
his
Sister
(
who
was
then
an
old
woman
,
and
had
bin
much
honoured
of
all
the
Emperours
,
because
she
was
Marcus
his
Daughter
;
)
imputing
it
as
a
crime
,
that
shee
wept
with
his
Mother
at
her
Sonnes
Murther
.
Nor
did
hee
forget
his
quondam
Wife
(
Plautians
Daughter
)
that
lived
in
Sicily
;
nor
his
Couzen-german
,
named
Sevecus
;
nor
Pertinaxes
Sonne
;
nor
the
Sonne
of
Lucilla
(
Sister
to
Commodus
)
but
cut
them
all
off
,
together
with
all
the
Imperiall
Kindred
,
and
the
flower
of
the
Nobility
and
Gentrie
.
Then
sent
he
into
the
Provinces
,
and
massacred
all
the
Presidents
and
Procurators
,
as
Geta's
Favourites
.
Yea
,
whole
Nights
were
spent
in
such
Tragicall
executions
of
all
sorts
of
people
.
Hee
buryed
the
Vestall
Virgins
quicke
,
pretending
they
had
lost
their
Virginity
.
Lastly
(
which
was
never
done
before
)
when
at
the
Circensian
[
*
](A03096-e28540-b)
*
Instituted
in
honour
of
Neptune
.
Vid.
Al.
ab
Alex.
Gen.
Die
.
lib.
6.
cap.
19.
Sports
(
where
himself
was
a
spectator
)
the
people
cast
some
scoffe
at
a
Charriotier
which
he
favoured
,
he
taking
it
as
an
affront
to
himselfe
,
suddenly
commanded
his
Men
at
armes
to
rush
among
the
Multitude
,
and
kill
all
that
had
scorned
the
Charriot-driver
.
Upon
this
Command
,
it
being
impossible
to
find
out
the
Delinquents
,
in
so
great
a
throng
(
no
man
confessing
himselfe
guilty
)
the
Souldiers
spared
none
that
they
light
upon
,
but
either
slew
them
,
or
tooke
away
that
they
had
in
lieu
of
Ransome
.
After
all
which
hainous
Acts
,
his
conscience
[
*
](A03096-e28720-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
Turban
on
his
head
,
and
Pantofles
on
his
feet
.
He
had
a
select
troop
of
young
Souldiers
,
which
hee
stiled
the
Macedonian
Phalanx
,
commanding
his
Captaines
to
call
themselves
by
the
names
of
Alexanders
Captaines
.
Hee
sent
for
Youths
from
Sparta
,
and
termed
them
the
Laconicke
and
[
*
](A03096-e28780-b)
*
Of
the
City
Pitane
in
L●●onia
.
Pitanite
Band.
After
this
,
having
made
the
Townes
and
Cities
tenable
,
he
went
to
Pergamus
a
Citie
in
Asia
,
to
take
Physicke
of
Aesculapius
;
where
having
done
as
his
Fancie
led
him
,
he
marched
straight
to
[
*
](A03096-e28850-b)
*
Troy
.
Ilium
,
to
view
the
Ruines
of
it
,
and
visit
Achilles
Tombe
;
which
having
bravely
decked
with
flowers
and
garlands
,
hee
then
would
needs
act
Achilles
:
[
*
](A03096-e28950-b)
*
Vid.
Hom.
●●●ad
●
.
23.
Patroclus
:
but
others
say
,
he
dyed
naturally
.
However
,
he
commanded
his
corps
to
bee
brought
forth
,
and
a
great
Funerall
Pile
to
be
made
;
wheron
having
cast
the
dead
body
,
and
killed
of
all
manner
of
beasts
,
he
set
the
Pile
on
fire
,
and
lifting
up
a
Viall
,
sacrifised
Wine
,
and
prayed
to
the
Winds
.
But
when
he
was
to
cast
his
haire
[
*
](A03096-e28970-b)
*
This
was
an
ancient
Funerall
●●●●
.
Vid.
〈◊〉
.
Iph.
〈…〉
in
〈◊〉
pat
also
into
the
flame
,
having
a
very
thin
Bush
naturall
,
all
the
Company
laught
:
yet
he
made
a
sorry
shift
,
and
cut
of
all
the
haire
he
had
.
Of
all
Generals
,
he
comm●●●ed
chiefly
the
Roman
Syll●
,
and
African
Annibal
:
Departing
from
Ilium
,
and
passing
thorow
Asia
,
Bithynia
,
and
other
Provinces
(
where
hee
setled
his
Affaires
)
hee
came
to
Antioch
;
where
being
honourarably
entertained
,
and
having
stayed
a
certaine
time
,
he
sent
to
Alexandria
,
pretending
he
had
a
great
longing
to
see
the
City
which
Alexander
founded
;
as
also
,
to
consult
the
God
which
the
Citizens
so
much
honored
.
Vpon
these
two
Pretexts
,
to
wit
,
the
Adoration
of
their
Deity
,
and
Veneration
of
that
Heroes
Memory
,
hee
gave
order
that
[
*
](A03096-e29110-b)
*
Sacrifices
of
an
hundred
Oxen.
Hecatombes
and
Sacrifices
(
of
all
sorts
)
should
bee
prepared
against
his
Comming
.
Which
Message
being
delivered
to
the
Alexandrians
(
who
are
naturally
Cocke-brain'd
and
light-headed
)
they
were
almost
beside
themselves
for
joy
that
the
Emperour
was
so
devoted
to
them
:
They
made
therefore
such
royall
preparations
for
his
Entertainment
,
[
*
](A03096-e29170-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
overjoyed
,
revelled
and
feasted
day
and
night
,
little
dreaming
what
a
banquet
the
Emperour
would
shortly
make
them
.
For
all
this
P●ausibilitie
was
meerely
colourable
;
his
Intendment
being
to
make
a
generall
Massacre
among
them
.
The
cause
of
his
secret
●ancour
[
*
](A03096-e29240-b)
*
Or
Semi-Gods
.
Heroes
as
Alexander
and
Acchilles
;
they
did
so
enrage
Antonine
,
who
(
by
nature
)
was
of
a
fiery
and
sanguinary
disposition
,
that
while
they
thus
sported
themselves
with
their
Squibs
and
Flashes
,
he
intended
to
la●●
them
with
a
terible
Revenge
.
Wherfore
the
Festivall
Celebrity
being
ended
;
he
perceiving
what
an
infinite
number
were
come
together
into
the
City
,
out
of
the
Regions
adjoyning
,
made
Proclamation
,
that
all
the
Youths
should
assemble
themselves
in
a
certaine
Plaine
;
that
as
he
had
already
a
Macedonian
&
Spartan
Phalanx
;
so
also
he
might
(
in
honor
of
Alexander
)
have
another
Phalanx
;
named
(
after
him
)
Alexandrian
.
He
willed
therfore
that
the
yong
men
should
be
so
ranked
that
a
Lane
might
bee
left
for
him
to
walke
and
take
a
View
,
which
were
fittest
for
Age
,
Strength
,
&
Stature
,
to
serve
in
the
wars
.
This
being
beleeved
(
as
very
probable
〈…〉
regard
of
the
high
honor
he
had
so
lately
done
to
Alexander
,
all
the
yonkers
accompanied
with
their
Parents
and
Couzens
,
me●
at
the
place
assigned
,
with
great
joy
and
alacrity
.
Antonine
passing
thorow
all
the
Ranks
,
and
perusing
them
severally
,
commended
first
one
,
and
then
another
;
protracting
the
time
,
till
his
whole
army
had
rounded
them
(
ere
any
observed
it
or
thought
of
it
.
)
As
soone
as
he
wist
that
they
were
all
circuled
by
his
men
of
war
,
and
taken
(
as
it
were
)
in
a
toile
,
he
presently
departs
(
with
his
Guard
)
and
makes
a
signall
to
the
Army
;
[
*
](A03096-e29380-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
profound
Peace
)
he
layes
this
Plot.
He
sends
Letters
to
Artabanus
the
King
of
Parthia
,
and
Embassadours
with
stately
Presents
;
Certifying
them
,
that
he
was
desirous
to
have
his
daughter
to
wife
;
that
he
was
an
Emperor
,
and
Sonne
to
an
Emperor
,
and
was
not
minded
therefore
to
bee
Sonne
in
Law
to
any
Subject
,
or
meane
person
,
but
rather
to
espouse
a
Queene
,
or
some
great
Princesse
;
that
the
Roman
and
Parthicke
Empires
were
the
two
greatest
in
the
world
,
which
if
(
by
affinity
)
they
were
united
,
&
their
powers
conjoyned
,
(
without
any
Barre
or
Let
by
Rivers
or
otherwise
)
they
would
become
absolutely
Invincible
;
that
the
Barbarian
nations
subject
to
both
Empires
,
would
be
more
mannageable
,
if
every
severall
Countrey
and
City
had
governours
of
their
owne
Nation
;
that
the
Roman
Infantery
and
Pike-men
excelled
all
others
in
set
Battel
,
that
the
Parthian
Cavallery
and
Archers
,
exceeded
for
number
and
Skill
.
Both
which
concurring
with
correspondent
Military
valour
,
and
all
Warlicke
necessaries
,
would
easily
reduce
the
whole
World
to
an
entire
Monarchy
under
one
Diadem
.
And
whereas
those
Countries
yeelded
Spices
,
Odours
and
the
finest
Silkes
;
and
the
Roman
dominions
abounded
in
all
kind
of
Mineralls
,
and
Manufactures
,
which
(
in
the
division
)
Merchants
imported
but
by
stealth
,
and
very
seldome
;
were
this
Vnion
effected
,
on
one
sole
Empire
constituted
,
there
would
follow
by
mutuall
Trafficke
and
Amitie
,
a
happy
intercourse
,
without
impeachment
,
or
impediment
.
The
Parthian
having
read
these
Letters
,
refused
the
offer
at
That
it
was
very
inconvenient
for
the
Roman
&
Barbarian
Princes
to
match
together
,
for
what
concord
could
there
be
in
so
different
Language
,
Diet
,
and
Habite
?
that
the
Emperour
might
finde
at
Rome
,
many
of
great
Nobility
,
and
Extraction
,
not
unworthy
his
Affinitie
;
as
himselfe
had
likewise
among
his
Peeres
and
[
*
](A03096-e29520-b)
*
Princes
of
the
bloud
descended
of
King
Arsa●es
.
Arsacidae
,
and
that
it
was
not
fit
that
either
of
their
Races
should
be
Mungreliz'd
in
that
manner
.
This
was
his
first
answer
to
the
Emperors
proposition
:
but
Antonine
reinforcing
his
suite
,
&
by
many
gifts
and
solemn
oaths
confirming
his
zealous
affection
and
desire
of
Marriage
;
The
Barbarian
King
yeelded
(
at
last
)
and
promising
to
give
him
his
Daughter
,
called
him
,
His
son
in
law
that
should
be
.
Which
newes
being
divulged
;
all
the
Barbarians
prepared
to
entertaine
the
King
of
the
Romanes
;
and
rejoyced
in
hope
of
an
eternall
Peace
.
Whereupon
Antonine
[
*
](A03096-e29710-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
for
it
is
impossible
that
a
Princes
actions
should
be
concealed
)
yet
out
of
feare
and
flattery
they
decreed
to
him
all
Triumphall
Honors
.
And
now
did
Antonine
keepe
his
Court
in
Mesopotamia
,
wholly
devoting
himselfe
to
Charriot-races
,
and
Combates
with
all
sorts
of
Wilde
beasts
.
He
had
two
Generalls
of
his
army
;
the
one
was
very
aged
,
and
though
no
great
Statesman
,
yet
a
good
Martiall
man
.
His
name
was
Audentius
.
The
other
(
called
Macrinus
)
was
well
seen
in
points
of
State
,
and
an
excellent
Lawyer
.
Him
the
Prince
did
oft
shrewdly
checke
and
taunt
(
in
publicke
)
as
a
man
of
no
spirit
or
valour
,
giving
him
very
contumelious
tearmes
.
For
understanding
that
he
kept
a
good
table
,
and
loathed
the
course
Viands
that
himselfe
delighted
in
(
like
a
souldier
)
and
that
he
used
to
weare
a
short
[
*
](A03096-e29770-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
Cloake
,
and
other
City
attire
;
he
called
him
an
effeminate
Coward
,
and
continually
threatned
to
kill
him
.
Which
Macrinus
taking
to
heart
,
was
mightily
inraged
.
Now
there
fell
out
this
Accident
(
for
at
last
Antonine
was
to
leave
the
Stage
.
)
Beeing
naturally
curious
and
inquisitive
to
know
not
onely
the
secrets
of
Men
,
but
of
Gods
also
,
and
Daemons
;
and
suspecting
that
all
intended
Treason
against
him
,
hee
consulted
all
Oracles
,
and
sent
[
*
](A03096-e29890-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
insidiously
aspired
to
the
Empire
,
and
that
therefore
hee
should
make
him
away
.
Having
sealed
these
Letters
(
among
others
)
hee
delivers
them
(
as
usually
he
did
)
to
the
Posts
that
knew
nothing
of
the
Contents
.
They
with
wonted
speede
arrive
at
the
Emperours
Court
,
at
the
very
instant
of
his
beginning
his
Charriot-race
,
(
for
hee
was
now
entring
the
Charriot
)
and
deliver
him
the
Packet
,
wherein
the
Letters
(
touching
Macrinus
)
were
.
But
Antonine's
minde
being
wholly
fixt
on
his
present
*
Sports
,
he
bids
Macrinus
[
*
](A03096-e30020-b)
*
A
Captaine
of
an
hundred
men
.
Centurion
,
and
one
of
Antonines
Guard
,
that
still
waited
on
him
;
whose
brother
was
a
few
dayes
before
,
executed
by
the
Prince
,
upon
bare
Information
(
without
proofe
or
proceesse
)
who
had
also
called
Martial
himselfe
,
Base
Coward
,
and
Macrinus
his
Favorite
(
in
scorne
.
)
This
man
being
infinitly
grieved
at
his
brothers
death
,
and
enraged
with
those
reproaches
,
Macrinus
(
who
knew
all
the
Passages
)
sends
for
;
reposing
in
him
,
as
having
beene
formerly
his
Servant
,
and
obliged
to
him
by
many
singular
Favours
.
Him
he
perswades
to
kill
Antonine
,
upon
the
first
Opportunity
.
Whereupon
allured
with
Macrinus
Promises
,
and
instigated
with
his
owne
Quarrell
,
and
his
brothers
Revenge
,
he
undertakes
to
effect
it
,
as
soone
as
was
possible
.
Shortly
after
it
fell
out
,
that
Antonine
lying
at
Carrae
in
[
*
](A03096-e30170-b)
*
Of
Luna
and
Lunus
see
M.
Sslden
,
de
Dijs
Syris
.
Moone
,
(
a
good
distance
from
the
City
)
which
Goddesse
is
honoured
by
the
Natives
with
great
Devotion
.
Taking
with
him
but
a
small
Troop
of
Horse
(
not
troubling
the
whole
army
)
he
went
on
his
Iourney
,
purposing
(
when
he
had
sacrificed
)
to
returne
to
the
City
.
In
the
Mid-way
,
commanding
all
to
stand
off
,
hee
went
aside
to
his
E●s●ment
,
taking
but
a
Pag●
along
with
him
.
Whereupon
all
turning
their
faces
,
and
going
a
great
way
off
(
for
Honours
sake
)
Martial
,
who
watched
every
minute
of
opportunitie
,
as
soone
as
he
perceived
the
Prince
was
all
alone
,
runs
instantly
(
as
if
he
had
beckoned
to
him
to
doe
somewhat
)
Antonine
extinct
,
the
Souldiers
being
all
in
a
Maze
,
were
two
dayes
without
an
Emperour
,
debating
who
was
fittest
to
be
elected
:
For
they
had
Intelligence
,
that
Artabanus
was
marching
with
a
mighty
Army
to
be
revenged
on
them
,
and
to
Sacrifice
them
to
the
Ghosts
of
them
they
had
treacherously
slaine
in
the
time
of
Peace
and
Festivall
Solemnitie
.
They
proceed
therfore
to
Election
:
and
first
they
make
choice
of
Audentius
,
a
man
bred
up
in
the
Warres
,
and
a
good
commander
.
But
he
alledging
[
*
](A03096-e30400-b)
*
Coronels
or
Serjeant-Majors
.
Tribunes
,
who
(
after
his
death
)
were
susspected
to
have
beene
accessary
to
Antoni●●s
Murther
,
and
of
Macrinus
Councel
,
(
as
in
the
Sequele
shall
bee
declared
)
Thus
was
Macrinus
made
Emperour
,
Macrinus
his
Speech
to
the
Army
.
IT
is
no
marvell
that
you
all
grieve
so
much
for
the
death
of
so
gracious
a
Prince
,
or
Companion
rather
.
But
it
is
the
part
of
Wise
men
to
take
humane
Chances
and
Calamities
patiently
.
His
memory
shall
be
ever
de
are
and
precions
among
us
;
and
his
brave
and
noble
Acts
,
and
singular
love
and
respect
to
you
(
with
whom
hee
so
familiarly
conversed
)
shall
to
his
eternall
Glory
bee
recorded
to
Posterity
▪
And
now
having
duely
henoured
his
memory
,
and
performed
his
Funerall
solemnity
,
it
concernes
us
all
to
looke
to
our
selves
,
&
prevent
the
present
danger
.
The
Barbarian
(
you
see
)
is
at
hand
with
all
the
Power
of
the
Orient
,
having
(
in
his
owne
conceit
)
a
just
Cause
and
Quarrell
against
us
.
For
we
first
provokt
him
by
infringing
the
league
,
and
Warring
on
him
in
time
of
publike
Peace
and
Security
.
And
now
all
the
Roman
Empire
depends
on
your
valor
&
fidelitie
:
For
we
are
not
to
fight
with
this
Great
King
about
the
Borders
or
Skirts
of
the
Empire
,
or
about
Rivers
;
but
for
all
our
fortunes
;
hee
being
come
to
revenge
his
Children
and
Kinsmen
which
we
(
as
he
opines
)
have
slaine
unjustly
,
and
contrary
to
our
Oaths
.
Let
us
therfore
take
armes
and
(
as
Romans
are
wont
)
keepe
our
R●●k●s
;
for
this
confused
Barbarous
rout
,
being
not
well
murshalled
nor
trained
,
is
like
enough
to
bee
us
owne
overthrow
.
But
your
good
Order
,
Discipline
,
and
Martiall
skill
in
fight
,
will
hath
preserve
your selves
,
and
def●●t
the
E●●●ie
.
Wherefore
charge
couragiously
,
like
worthy
Romans
,
and
as
you
are
wont
;
so
shall
we
vanquish
the
Barbarians
,
and
winne
great
Honor
;
for
them
will
it
go
curant
with
the
Romans
,
and
all
the
world
;
that
we
did
not
pilfer
the
former
victory
,
by
fraud
,
treachery
,
and
perjurious
violation
of
the
League
,
but
by
force
of
Armes
,
and
true
valour
.
Having
thus
said
,
the
souldiers
seeing
in
what
a
[
*
](A03096-e30560-b)
*
The
Romans
fear'd
the
Parthians
more
than
any
other
nation
:
Rende
the
letter
in
the
beginning
of
the
next
Booke
.
straight
they
were
,
put
themselves
in
Battalia
,
and
were
[
all
night
]
in
armes
.
At
Sun
rising
,
they
descry
Artabanus
and
his
huge
hoste
advancing
.
When
the
Barbarians
had
done
their
devotions
to
the
Sun
(
after
their
usuall
guize
)
they
ran
upon
[
*
](A03096-e30610-b)
*
Or
take
in
a
Net
.
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
inclose
the
Romans
;
who
perceiving
their
purpose
,
extended
not
their
army
in
length
,
but
dilated
it
in
Front
,
and
so
prevented
their
circumvention
.
Now
there
fell
such
an
infinite
number
of
men
&
beasts
,
that
al
the
field
was
cover'd
with
them
,
insomuch
,
that
huge
heaps
and
piles
of
carkasses
(
but
especially
of
camels
)
lay
one
upon
another
,
so
high
,
that
the
Souldiers
could
not
come
together
to
fight
,
both
the
Armies
being
hindred
from
passing
one
to
the
other
,
by
a
mightie
and
almost
impassable
Barracado
of
carkasses
;
whereupon
they
retreated
to
their
severall
Campes
.
Macrinus
understanding
that
the
onely
cause
why
Artabanus
fought
so
fiercely
and
obstinately
,
was
because
he
supposed
hee
warred
against
Antoninus
;
(
for
the
Barbarians
were
wont
,
if
they
prevailed
not
at
first
,
to
droope
and
grow
faint-hearted
;
but
at
that
time
they
were
more
resolute
,
intending
to
fight
againe
,
as
soone
as
they
had
taken
away
and
burnt
the
dead
bodies
,
not
knowing
that
the
Author
of
all
those
embroilements
was
slaine
)
sends
Heralds
with
letters
to
the
Parthian
;
certifijng
him
,
That
the
Emperour
was
dead
,
and
had
received
condigne
punishment
for
the
violation
of
his
oath
and
league
;
that
himself
was
now
elected
to
the
Empire
,
by
the
Romanes
(
to
whom
it
belonged
)
and
that
what
was
formerly
done
,
did
much
displease
him
;
that
he
was
therfore
willing
to
restore
all
the
captives
that
were
remaining
,
and
all
the
spoiles
that
were
caried
away
;
&
that
he
also
much
desired
to
make
him
his
friend
,
&
to
confirm
the
peace
by
oath
and
sacrifice
.
Which
letters
Artabanus
having
read
,
and
being
fully
informed
(
by
the
Heralds
)
of
Antoninus
HERODIAN
HIS
IMPERIALL
HISTORIE
.
The
fourth
Booke
.
The
Contents
.
MAcrinus
his
Letter
to
the
Roman
Senate
and
People
.
The
Senate
confirme
his
Election
.
Informers
punisht
.
Macrinus
his
Errour
.
Maesa
a
poluicke
Lady
.
Temple
of
the
Sunne
.
His
Image
and
Priest
.
Bassian
made
Emperor
,
and
called
Antonine
.
Iulian
beheaded
.
Battell
betwixt
Macrine
and
Antonine
.
Macrine
flies
,
and
is
beheaded
.
Diadumenianus
Caesar
.
Antonines
Devotion
at
Nicomedia
.
Hee
sends
his
Picture
to
Rome
.
His
Acts
at
Rome
.
He
dances
about
the
Altars
.
His
Crueliy
and
Luxury
.
He
writes
to
the
Senate
to
excuse
his
ravishing
of
a
Nunne
.
He
marries
his
God
to
Minerva
,
and
after
divorces
them
.
He
marries
the
Sun
and
Moone
together
.
Hee
inthrones
his
God
in
a
new
Temple
.
His
strange
Donatives
.
Alexander
made
Caesar
.
Wrestling
a
princely
exercise
.
Stage-players
highly
preferred
.
Antonine
slaine
.
WEe
have
treated
in
the
former
Booke
of
the
Raigne
and
End
of
Antonine
,
&
of
the
treason
wrought
against
him
,
and
of
his
Successour
.
Macrinus
remaining
at
Antioch
,
sent
Letters
to
the
Senate
&
People
of
Rome
,
to
this
effect
.
Macrinus
his
Letter
to
the
Romane
Senate
,
&c.
FOr
as
much
as
you
well
know
my
manner
of
life
from
the
beginning
,
how
mild
my
Conversation
hath
been
,
and
what
great
moderation
I
used
in
my
former
Office
,
which
is
not
farre
from
Soveraignty
(
seeing
the
Emperour
puts
himselfe
into
the
hands
of
the
[
*
](A03096-e31070-b)
*
Or
G●ne
〈…〉
of
hi●
Ar●●●●s
.
Pretorian
Praefect
)
I
hold
it
needlesse
to
use
many
words
.
You
may
remember
how
much
I
was
grieved
at
his
Misgovernment
,
and
not
a
little
indangered
for
your
sakes
,
when
he
giving
●are
to
all
Delators
did
extremely
tyrannize
you
Wherfore
he
still
rayled
at
me
,
and
publikely
taxed
me
for
my
mildnes
and
lenity
,
which
he
scorned
,
and
termed
basenesse
and
Pusillanim●●y
:
For
delighting
in
fawning
Sycop●a●s
,
he
esteemed
them
his
trustiest
Friends
and
Counsellours
,
which
did
whet
his
cruelty
,
and
spurre
his
ingenerate
ferity
,
by
exasperating
Calumnies
,
whereas
●ever
highly
prized
modesty
and
humanity
.
I
have
therfore
so
ended
the
dreadfull
Parthick
warre
(
wherein
the
whole
[
*
](A03096-e31080-b)
*
N.
B.
Roman
Empire
was
hazarded
)
as
having
regard
to
our
honour
,
wee
have
not
yeelded
a
j●t
to
the
Enemy
(
in
valour
)
yea
we
have
made
that
great
King
(
which
brought
so
huge
an
Host
into
the
Field
)
of
an
Enemie
a
Friend
,
by
ratifying
a
firme
I
ague
.
As
for
my
government
in
the
Empire
,
it
shall
be
so
free
&
unbloudy
,
that
you
shall
rather
judge
it
an
Optimacie
than
a
Monarchie
.
Nor
let
any
deeme
mee
unworthy
so
great
honour
,
or
blame
Fortune
for
making
me
of
a
Knight
an
Emperor
.
For
what
is
Nobility
[
*
](A03096-e31110-b)
*
Quid
gens
?
fine
meate
.
without
Vertue
and
Civility
?
Externall
fortunes
may
befall
the
unworthiest
;
but
a
Mans
owne
solid
Worth
is
that
which
begets
true
Glory
.
Nobility
,
Riches
,
and
the
like
,
are
reputed
to
make
men
happy
,
yet
deserve
not
much
to
bee
commended
being
derived
from
others
.
But
Courtesie
and
Affability
,
as
of
themselves
they
are
lovely
,
so
doe
they
also
give
a
singular
instre
to
the
most
praise-worthy
.
What
good
did
you
reap
by
Commodus
his
noblenesse
?
or
Antonine's
succeeding
his
Father
?
Such
as
they
,
attaining
the
Rule
by
hereditary
right
,
abuse
it
at
their
pleasure
(
as
their
private
Patrimony
)
to
all
licentiousnesse
.
But
they
which
receive
it
of
your
bounty
,
are
eternally
obliged
to
expresse
their
Gratitude
by
all
good
Offices
.
Moreover
,
it
is
often
seene
,
that
the
native
Splendor
and
Nobility
of
Emperors
doth
so
puff
them
up
with
pride
,
that
they
scorne
all
men
as
their
Vassalls
.
But
they
which
get
the
Soveraignty
by
moderate
actions
are
more
carefull
to
retaine
with
sobriety
what
they
attayned
with
difficulty
;
and
to
give
all
due
honor
&
respect
to
others
,
For
my
own
particular
,
I
have
determined
to
doe
nothing
without
your
approvement
whom
I
desire
to
associat
as
my
Counsellours
and
Assistants
in
the
mannagement
of
the
State
.
The
liberties
and
Franchises
which
you
lost
by
the
tyranny
of
those
so
nobly
descended
Emperors
,
and
which
Marcus
and
Pertinax
(
raised
to
the
Throne
from
a
private
estate
)
indeavored
to
restore
,
you
shall
fully
injoy
.
For
it
is
more
honourable
for
a
man
to
give
the
first
lustre
to
his
Family
by
his
owne
noble
Atchievements
,
than
basely
to
contaminate
(
by
degenerat
and
debauched
behaviour
)
the
Nobility
received
from
his
Ancestors
.
The
Senate
having
read
this
[
*
](A03096-e31220-b)
*
Sycophants
Promoters
,
and
all
servants
that
had
appeacht
their
masters
,
were
trussed
on
gallowses
;
all
the
city
of
Rome
,
&
almost
all
the
Romane
world
being
well
weeded
of
those
wicked
wretches
,
by
their
death
or
exile
.
And
if
any
of
[
*
](A03096-e31330-b)
*
Or
Baudricke
.
scarfe
embroidered
with
gold
and
precious
stones
of
inestimable
value
▪
which
excesse
,
the
Romane
army
much
disliked
,
holding
it
fitter
for
Women
&
Barbarians
,
than
Princes
.
Considering
therfore
his
e●●eminate
&
unmartiall
conditions
,
they
began
to
disvalue
him
,
&
were
still
paralelling
his
riotous
loosnesse
,
&
Antonines
military
skill
&
prowesse
.
They
also
tooke
it
very
hainously
,
that
they
were
forced
still
to
live
in
tents
far
from
home
,
and
many
times
without
provision
of
necessaries
,
and
not
permitted
to
returne
into
their
severall
countries
,
a
peace
being
now
concluded
,
while
he
fared
plentifully
,
and
lived
deliciously
.
Wherfore
abandoning
all
respect
to
him
,
they
watched
every
opportunity
to
make
an
end
of
him
.
Thus
did
the
Fates
decree
,
that
Macrinus
having
reigned
but
one
yeare
in
such
delicacy
,
should
lose
his
life
&
Empire
at
once
;
Fortune
ministring
to
the
souldiers
a
very
small
and
sleight
occasion
to
effect
their
desires
,
in
this
manner
:
There
was
one
Moesa
,
a
woman
of
[
*
](A03096-e31380-b)
*
See
M.
G.
Sands
Description
of
it
in
his
Iournall
,
p.
207.
Phenicia
,
borne
in
the
City
Emesa
,
whose
sister
Iulia
was
wife
to
Severus
,
and
mother
to
Antonine
;
who
in
her
sisters
life-time
,
had
lived
many
yeares
in
Severus
and
Antonines
Court.
This
Maesa
,
after
her
sisters
decease
,
and
Antonines
murther
,
was
commanded
by
Macrinus
,
to
take
her
goods
,
&
remove
into
her
native
countrey
.
Now
she
had
great
store
of
coine
,
which
she
gathered
all
the
while
she
lived
in
so
flourishing
an
estate
.
And
being
now
old
,
she
returned
to
her
old
home
.
She
had
two
daughters
,
the
elder
named
Soaemis
,
the
younger
Mammaea
,
that
,
had
a
son
called
Basstanus
;
this
,
another
,
called
Alexianus
▪
both
bred
up
with
their
mothers
&
Grandmother
.
Bassianus
was
upon
the
point
of
fourteene
yeares
,
and
Alexianus
of
ten
:
both
Priests
of
the
Sun
,
which
is
worshipped
(
as
a
god
by
the
Phoenicians
,
and
t●armed
(
in
their
language
)
Heliogabalus
:
to
whom
they
built
a
stately
Temple
,
IO
Selden
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
de
Dis
Syris
.
Synt.
C.
1.
huge
great*
stone
,
all
round
from
the
bottome
,
and
sharp
towards
the
top
,
like
a
[
*
](A03096-e31640-b)
*
Or
Spire
.
Cone
.
The
stone
is
of
a
black
colour
,
&
they
confidently
affirme
that
it
fell
from
heaven
.
Some
shining
spots
there
are
in
it
,
and
divers
figures
.
This
(
they
say
)
is
the
Suns
Image
,
not
[
*
](A03096-e31700-b)
*
Emesa
.
City
,
for
defence
of
Phenicia
;
being
soone
after
lead
thence
,
as
we
shal
herafter
shew
.
The
souldiers
therfore
daily
repairing
to
the
citie
and
temple
,
under
colour
of
devotion
,
were
ravisht
with
the
sight
of
so
rare
a
creature
.
Now
many
of
them
being
Romane
fugitives
,
were
familiarly
acquainted
with
oesa
:
who
(
when
they
extold
his
favour
)
told
them
(
whether
tru●ly
or
no
,
is
uncertaine
)
that
he
was
son
to
Antonine
,
(
though
he
were
reputed
anothers
)
who
lay
with
her
yong
faire
daughters
in
the
time
of
her
abode
with
her
sister
at
the
Emperors
Court
.
Which
when
they
heard
,
and
had
told
their
fellows
,
the
bruit
of
it
flew
thorow
all
the
arm●
.
It
was
also
reported
,
that
Moesa
had
great
store
of
treasure
,
and
would
give
it
all
to
the
Souldiers
,
if
they
would
render
the
Empire
to
her
nephewes
.
Wherupon
they
promising
to
receive
her
&
all
hers
,
and
proclaim
Antonines
son
Emperor
,
if
she
would
come
secretly
in
the
night
to
the
campe
,
the
old
woman
resolved
to
undergo
any
hazard
,
rather
than
live
a
private
obscure
life
.
Wherfore
,
issuing
privily
out
of
the
citie
in
the
night
with
her
children
and
nephewes
,
she
was
conducted
by
the
troupe
of
fugitives
to
the
army
;
where
all
the
souldiers
welcomed
her
,
and
proclaiming
the
Boy
,
Antonine
,
clothed
him
in
a
Macrinus
scorning
all
this
,
as
[
*
](A03096-e31890-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
Boyes
play
,
and
being
as
joviall
as
ever
,
stirred
not
himselfe
,
but
sends
one
of
his
Captaines
with
certaine
companies
,
which
he
thought
sufficient
to
●ame
the
rebels
.
As
soone
as
Iulian
(
so
the
Captaine
was
called
)
approched
the
Cam●e
walls
,
instantly
the
souldiers
that
were
within
,
shewed
the
Boy
to
the
adverse
army
,
from
the
Turrets
and
Pinnacies
,
proclaming
him
to
be
Antonines
son
,
and
holding
up
their
purses
full
of
money
(
as
a
bait
to
betray
Macrinus
.
)
Whereupon
the
souldiers
without
,
beleeving
he
was
Antonines
son
,
and
perswading
themselves
,
he
did
exceedingly
resemble
him
in
face
and
lineaments
,
struck
off
their
Captaine
Iulians
head
,
and
sent
it
to
Macrinus
.
Macri●e
&
Bassian
,
or
Antonine
.
●
more
fiercely
,
as
knowing
they
should
be
soundly
punished
if
they
were
overcome
:
on
the
other
side
,
Macrines
was
more
faint
&
remiss
,
&
many
of
them
fled
to
Antonine
.
Which
when
Macrinus
saw
,
fearing
lest
all
leaving
him
to
the
4
winds
,
he
should
be
taken
prisoner
,
and
villanously
intreated
:
when
it
grew
toward
the
evening
,
he
stript
himselfe
of
his
Purple
[
*
](A03096-e32100-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
surcoat
,
and
other
Imperiall
ornaments
(
while
his
Army
yet
stood
firme
)
and
being
attended
with
a
few
of
his
trustiest
Captaines
,
betook
him
to
flight
:
shaving
his
berd
close
(
lest
he
should
Praetorian
Band
)
[
*
](A03096-e32170-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
bravely
maintaining
fight
against
the
whole
Power
of
the
enemie
;
for
they
were
the
tallest
and
choicest
men
that
could
be
found
.
All
the
other
multitude
fought
for
Antonine
.
But
when
Macrinus
his
men
,
after
a
great
while
,
neither
saw
him
,
nor
any
signe
of
soveraignty
,
not
knowing
whether
he
were
slain
,
or
fled
,
or
what
was
become
of
him
,
they
were
in
a
great
maze
;
for
they
determined
to
ingage
themselves
no
longer
for
him
that
was
not
to
be
seen
;
and
yet
they
feared
to
come
into
their
●●●mies
hands
by
yielding
〈…〉
en
prisoners
.
When
An
〈…〉
●●derstood
by
the
Rene
〈…〉
hat
Macrinus
was
fled
,
〈…〉
eralds
to
certifie
them
,
〈…〉
not
to
fight
for
an
[
*
](A03096-e32230-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
unmanly
fugitive
;
that
he
pardoned
them
all
that
was
past
,
and
would
confirme
the
pardon
by
oath
,
&
the
better
to
assure
them
,
would
make
them
presently
his
Guard
.
Thus
all
giving
credit
to
the
Heralds
,
yielded
.
Instantly
Antonine
sends
to
pursue
Macrinus
that
was
now
gotten
a
great
way
on
his
journy
:
he
was
found
at
Chalcedon
,
[
*
](A03096-e32280-b)
*
Chalcedon
,
a
Sea-City
,
situate
in
view
of
Byzantium
Strabo
l.
12.
Macrinus
beheaded
.
a
City
of
Bithynia
,
grievously
sicke
and
over-toiled
with
travel
,
being
hid
in
the
suburbs
,
where
they
strucke
off
his
head
.
It
was
said
that
hee
made
such
haste
to
Rome
relying
on
the
peoples
love
,
but
as
hee
was
passing
into
Europe
over
the
Proponticke
Gulfe
(
being
come
neere
to
Byzantium
)
hee
was
driven
backe
by
contrary
Gusts
,
as
if
the
Winds
themselves
had
conspired
to
his
punishment
.
Thus
Macrinus
not
being
able
to
escape
his
pursuers
,
came
to
a
miserable
end
(
through
his
improvidence
)
determining
to
goe
to
Rome
at
last
,
which
he
should
have
done
first
of
all
;
having
neither
good
fore
sight
,
nor
good
fortune
:
his
son
Diadumenianus
Rome
.
Maesa
longing
to
returne
to
the
Palace
,
where
shee
had
so
long
flourished
.
When
intimation
hereof
was
given
to
the
Roman
Peeres
and
people
,
it
was
heavie
newes
to
all
.
Antonine
marching
out
of
Syria
,
wintered
at
Nicomedia
,
[
*
](A03096-e32480-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
veneration
of
his
country
Deity
(
whose
Priest
he
was
)
with
antique
dances
;
attired
in
rich
Sacerdotall
vestments
of
gold
,
tissued
on
Purple
;
adorned
with
jewels
and
armelets
:
and
wearing
coronets
of
gold
and
precious
stones
,
made
like
a
Persian
diadem
.
The
fashion
of
his
habite
was
betwixt
the
long
robe
of
the
Phoenicians
,
and
the
apparrel
of
the
Medes
.
For
he
scorned
the
Greek
&
Roman
attire
,
as
made
of
wooll
,
that
is
(
as
he
termed
it
)
of
base
stuffe
;
not
daining
any
other
weare
▪
but
Syrian
silks
&
going
[
*
](A03096-e32550-b)
*
Parliament
house
Curia
in
that
exoticke
and
barbarous
garbe
he
should
be
an
eye-sore
to
the
beholders
not
used
to
such
gaudy
&
garish
dresses
[
*
](A03096-e32570-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
which
they
would
judge
fitter
for
women
than
men
.
But
he
rejecting
her
as
an
old
doting
foole
,
and
refusing
all
good
Counsell
(
for
hee
would
have
none
about
him
,
but
such
phantasticks
as
himselfe
,
which
soothed
him
in
his
vicious
humors
)
resolved
to
weare
no
other
fashion
,
&
therfore
meant
to
try
a
conclusion
,
how
the
Roman
Senate
and
people
would
like
it
.
Whereupon
he
sent
to
Rome
his
[
*
](A03096-e32670-b)
*
By
these
dances
,
the
Gentiles
intimated
,
that
every
part
of
their
body
was
to
be
implo●ed
in
the
service
of
their
Gods
.
dance
about
the
Altars
,
to
a
Consort
of
all
kinde
of
Instruments
,
divers
of
his
Country-women
capring
and
skipping
with
him
,
as
they
played
on
Cymballs
and
Timbrels
;
while
all
the
Nobility
and
order
of
Knighthood
,
stood
gazing
at
these
Gambolls
(
as
Spectators
in
a
Theater
.
)
Moreover
,
the
entrails
of
the
Sacrifices
,
and
Aromatickes
,
layd
on
Golden
Plates
,
were
borne
not
by
Servants
and
meane
Persons
;
but
by
Generails
of
Armies
,
and
the
chiefest
Officers
of
State
,
vested
in
long
Robes
with
Hanging
sleeves
(
after
the
Phoenician
fashion
)
and
shod
with
Linnen
shooes
,
like
Syrian
Prophets
.
Whom
he
admitted
to
these
Mysteries
,
he
accounted
to
have
highly
honored
.
And
though
hee
seemed
wholly
devoted
to
Dances
and
Sacrifices
,
yet
he
kept
more
tragicall
Revells
;
executing
many
Pomp.
L●tus
sayes
,
they
might
marry
after
30
yeares
of
age
.
Lib.
de
.
Sacer.
Rom.
nunry
at
Rome
,
a
Vestall
Virgin
(
who
by
the
Divine
Lawes
was
to
continue
in
chastitie
and
virginity
to
her
end
)
and
married
her
.
And
when
he
heard
that
the
Senate
was
much
aggrieved
at
that
sacrilegious
act
,
he
sent
them
a
consolatory
Letter
;
certifying
them
,
That
it
was
but
a
humane
sin
;
That
he
was
inchanted
with
the
magicke
of
her
beauty
,
and
that
it
was
no
incongruitie
,
for
a
Priest
to
marry
a
[
*
](A03096-e32830-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
Priestesse
:
which
was
therefore
a
most
sacred
match
.
But
this
wife
he
kept
not
long
,
but
cashiering
her
,
took
a
third
,
which
was
said
to
be
of
Commodus
Linage
.
Nor
did
he
thus
play
at
fast
and
loose
with
human
matrimonies
,
but
now
his
God
also
(
whose
Priest
he
was
)
wanted
a
wife
.
He
took
therfore
into
his
bedchamber
the
Image
of
[
*
](A03096-e32870-b)
*
Three
cubits
high
,
holding
a
Speare
in
the
right
hand
,
and
a
Sp
〈…〉
le
in
the
left
.
Pallas
,
which
[
*
](A03096-e32920-b)
*
It
●ost
the
H●g●
priest
Met●ll●s
his
Eyes
,
to
rescue
it
out
of
the
flames
.
fired
:
and
so
hee
married
that
Go●desse
and
his
God
together
in
his
Palace
.
Soon
after
,
giving
out
,
that
his
God
liked
not
such
a
Martiall
wife
,
that
was
ever
in
armes
;
he
commanded
the
Image
of
Vrania
to
be
brought
:
Which
having
bin
exceedingly
adored
by
the
Carthaginians
&
Africans
,
was
erected
,
as
they
say
,
by
Queene
Dido
(
the
Phoenician
)
what
time
she
reedified
Carthage
,
by
cutting
an
[
*
](A03096-e33000-b)
*
Dido
bought
of
the
Lybians
so
much
Ground
as
an
Oxehide
might
compasse
:
then
cutting
it
into
small
thongs
,
she
inclosed
22
furlongs
,
and
there
built
Carthage
.
Oxehide
.
This
goddesse
the
Africans
cal
Vrania
,
the
Phoenicians
,
[
*
](A03096-e33060-b)
*
Queene
of
Starres
.
Vid.
Selden
de
Dis
Syris
.
Astroarch
,
or
the
Moone
.
Antonine
said
,
it
would
agree
bravely
,
to
marry
the
Sun
&
Moone
together
.
He
sent
therfore
for
the
Image
,
&
all
the
treasure
and
gold
in
the
Temple
;
giving
it
to
his
God
,
for
a
Portion
with
her
.
When
the
Image
was
brought
&
set
neer
to
Heliogabalus
,
he
commanded
al
the
people
of
Rome
and
Italy
to
use
all
publike
&
private
feasts
and
exhilarations
for
joy
of
the
gods
wedding
.
[
*
](A03096-e33160-b)
*
Masques
.
.
Hee
brought
his
God
out
of
the
citie
into
the
suburbs
,
placed
in
a
Caroach
adorned
with
gold
and
most
precious
stones
,
&
drawn
with
sixe
goodly
white
steeds
,
decked
with
rare
gold-worke
and
rich
caparisons
.
There
was
no
man
in
the
charet
,
[
*
](A03096-e33200-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
jewels
&
ornaments
:
All
the
nobility
,
gentry
,
and
souldiery
accompanying
it
.
When
hee
had
shrin'd
his
God
in
the
Temple
,
hee
solemnized
the
above
mentioned
Sacrifices
and
Festivities
.
Then
he
ascended
exceeding
high
turrets
purposely
made
for
him
:
whence
he
threw
[
*
](A03096-e33230-b)
*
This
was
done
by
throwing
little
balles
or
tickets
,
which
were
warrants
for
receit
of
the
largesse
.
except
swine
;
which
he
(
as
all
the
Phoenicians
)
abhorred
.
Many
there
perished
,
being
either
trod
to
death
,
or
thrust
thorow
with
the
souldiers
pikes
:
so
that
it
proved
a
fatall
festivall
to
many
.
He
oft
used
his
charret-sports
and
wild
dances
in
publick
,
not
caring
who
saw
his
unprincely
pranks
.
He
walked
abroad
with
his
eyes
painted
,
and
cheeks
purpled
,
disfiguring
his
faire
face
with
foule
tinctures
.
Which
[
*
](A03096-e33240-b)
*
His
Grand
mother
.
Moesa
perceiving
,
mistrusted
the
souldiers
dislike
;
and
fearing
if
ought
came
to
him
,
she
should
be
remanded
to
a
privat
life
,
she
perswades
the
vain
young
fondling
to
adopt
for
his
son
,
and
declare
[
*
](A03096-e33260-b)
*
The
title
of
the
heire
apparant
.
Caesar
,
his
couzen
Germane
and
her
Grand-childe
by
her
other
daughter
Mammaea
:
speaking
him
fair
,
&
finely
instilling
into
him
,
That
it
was
most
meet
,
that
he
being
dignified
with
the
sacred
Title
of
a
Priest
,
should
attend
onely
on
matters
of
Religion
,
and
the
celebration
of
divine
Orgies
and
Offices
;
and
that
some
other
should
bee
substituted
to
mannage
humane
affaires
,
and
be
as
his
Vice-roy
,
to
free
him
from
all
cares
and
encumbrances
of
State
:
yet
no
stranger
or
alien
,
but
rather
his
Couzen
German
to
be
so
honoured
by
his
princely
favour
.
Alexianus
was
he
,
then
named
Alexander
,
his
old
name
being
changed
into
that
of
the
Macedonian
kings
:
for
that
famous
king
was
much
honored
by
Antonine
(
son
to
Severus
)
who
was
both
their
father
,
as
the
old
beldam
pretended
:
not
sparing
to
vaunt
of
both
her
daughters
dishonesty
,
to
make
their
sons
more
gracious
with
the
souldiers
.
Alexander
Caesar
,
Antonine
assaied
to
train
him
to
his
courses
,
as
dancing
,
revelling
,
sacrificing
,
&
the
like
rites
,
&
robes
,
&
ceremonies
.
But
his
mother
Māmaea
weaned
him
from
those
vain
and
unseemely
exercises
,
and
trained
him
up
in
honorable
fashion
,
secretly
sending
for
professours
of
the
Mathematicks
,
&
all
liberall
sciences
,
&
using
him
to
[
*
](A03096-e33440-b)
*
Wrestling
a
princely
exercise
.
Wrestlings
and
such
manly
activities
:
instituting
him
also
in
Greek
and
Roman
literature
.
Whereat
Antonine
much
repining
,
repented
that
he
had
adopted
him
,
or
made
him
his
colleague
in
the
Empire
;
and
expelled
all
his
tutors
from
the
Court
,
putting
some
of
the
chiefe
of
them
to
death
,
and
banishing
others
:
alleadging
ridiculously
,
that
the
pedants
spoiled
his
son
,
not
suffering
him
to
dance
and
revell
,
but
teaching
him
to
be
modest
,
and
use
manly
exercises
.
Yea
,
he
was
so
besotted
,
that
he
preferred
all
sorts
of
[
*
](A03096-e33470-b)
*
Or
master
of
the
Wards
.
of
the
young
Lords
and
Gentlemen
;
another
,
to
be
Lord
President
of
his
Councel
;
and
a
third
,
generall
of
the
horse
.
He
advanced
to
the
chiefest
places
of
trust
in
the
Empire
,
charret-drivers
,
comoedians
,
and
histrionicall
Iesters
;
bestowing
on
his
servants
and
[
*
](A03096-e33480-b)
*
Bondmen
set
free
.
libertines
that
were
most
extremly
debauched
,
the
Procuratorships
of
Provinces
.
At
this
mad
and
drunken
distribution
of
so
many
honourable
offices
,
all
men
murmured
,
but
especially
the
souldiers
stormed
,
and
scorned
him
,
as
being
more
effeminate
than
an
honest
woman
would
be
;
and
detested
him
for
prostituting
the
Imperiall
Majesty
to
contempt
,
by
his
capricious
dresses
,
golden
gewgawes
,
and
publike
Revels
.
They
were
therefore
more
inclinable
to
Alexander
,
conceiving
faire
hopes
of
him
for
his
noble
and
vertuous
education
;
and
conserving
him
diligently
from
the
insidious
practices
of
Antonine
.
His
mother
Mammaea
suffered
him
not
to
taste
any
meate
or
drinke
that
he
sent
.
His
Cookes
and
Cup-bearers
were
not
those
that
waited
on
the
Emperor
,
but
such
trusty
servants
as
his
mother
made
choise
of
▪
Shee
gave
him
also
much
mony
in
private
,
to
bestow
on
the
Souldiers
secretly
;
to
win
them
to
him
with
that
bait
,
which
she
knew
would
soonest
catch
them
.
Which
Antonine
understanding
,
plotted
to
destroy
him
and
his
mother
;
but
his
plots
were
prevented
by
their
common
Grand-mother
Moesa
;
a
subtill
woman
,
and
a
politicke
Antonine
&
Soaemis
,
which
being
disgracefully
dragged
a
long
time
over
all
the
City
,
and
lastly
dismembred
,
were
throwne
into
the
publicke
jakes
,
which
are
voided
into
the
River
[
*
](A03096-e33750-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
Tyber
.
The
Souldiers
proclaiming
Alexander
Emperour
,
conducted
him
to
the
Royall
Palace
;
being
very
young
,
and
yet
in
the
tuition
of
his
mother
and
grand
mother
.
The
End
of
the
Fifth
Booke
.
Appendix
to
Herodians
fift
Booke
of
his
History
.
To
the
Readers
.
HErodian
having
lively
drawne
(
in
little
)
that
Monster
of
Ethnicke
Priests
and
Princes
,
Pseud-Antonine
,
I
have
thought
good
to
adjoyne
(
for
your
further
satisfaction
)
this
insuing
Delineation
of
him
,
extracted
out
of
divers
ancient
&
principal
Authors
.
HIs
Apparell
was
extreame
brave
and
gorgeous
:
yet
hee
never
wore
one
Garment
twice
.
His
Shooes
were
embellisht
with
Diamonds
,
Wil.
Burton
Esquire
.
and
Oriental
Pearles
of
the
most
Caracts
.
His
Seats
were
strewed
with
Musk●
and
Amber
.
His
Beds
were
covered
with
Cloth
of
Gold
tissued
on
Purple
,
and
imbossed
with
Gems
of
inestimable
value
.
His
Way
was
strewed
with
Filings
of
Gold
and
Silver
.
His
Vessells
,
even
of
basest
Vse
,
were
of
Obryze
Gold
.
His
Lamps
burned
with
precious
Balms
&
Gums
of
India
and
Arabia
.
His
Fish-ponds
were
filled
with
Rose-water
.
His
Ships
in
his
Theatricall
Sea-fights
floated
in
Rivers
of
Wine
.
His
[
*
](A03096-e34040-b)
*
Bathing
was
as
ordinary
with
Romans
,
as
eating
and
sleeping
.
Bathes
,
most
magnificently
built
,
when
he
had
once
used
them
,
were
still
pluckt
down
,
and
new
built
.
His
Plate
of
refined
massive
Gold
;
but
never
served
twice
to
his
Table
.
His
Rings
and
lewels
infinitely
rich
,
yet
never
worne
twice
.
His
Concubincs
numberlesse
,
but
never
laine
with
twice
.
Every
Supper
in
his
Court
cost
1000
pounds
sterling
.
When
hee
lay
neere
to
the
Sea
,
hee
would
eat
no
●ish
:
When
he
was
farthest
in
the
Continent
,
hee
would
eat
no
Flesh
.
Whole
Meales
were
furnisht
with
Tongues
of
Singing
Birds
,
and
Braines
of
rarest
Creatures
.
All
Europe
,
Asia
,
and
Africke
,
with
the
Ilands
adjacent
;
in
a
word
,
the
Globe
of
Earth
and
[
*
](A03096-e34130-b)
*
As
farre
as
was
then
discovered
to
the
Romanes
.
Sea
(
wherof
he
was
Lord
Paramount
)
was
not
able
to
fill
this
Gulph
.
In
his
Progresse
,
he
was
attended
by
600
Charriots
fraught
with
Concu●ines
,
Catamites
,
and
Pandars
:
for
whom
be
built
a
Seraglio
in
his
Court
;
where
himselfe
(
in
the
habit
of
a
Curtezan
)
used
to
make
solemn
speeches
to
them
,
terming
them
his
brave
Fellow-Souldiers
and
Companions
in
Armes
:
[
What
gallant
Instructions
he
gave
them
,
I
sorbeare
to
mention
.
]
He
caused
to
be
gathered
in
Rome
[
*
](A03096-e34180-b)
*
Vid.
Lips
.
de
magnit
.
Romana
.
ten
thousand
weight
of
Spiders
,
ten
thousand
Mice
,
and
a
thousand
Polcats
;
which
he
exhibited
to
the
Roman
Peeres
and
People
,
in
a
Publicke
Shew
and
Solemnity
:
Professing
,
that
now
he
perfectly
understood
how
mighty
a
City
Rome
was
.
Lastly
[
to
omit
other
more
strange
prankes
]
his
summoned
a
[
*
](A03096-e34220-b)
*
Senatum
Parliament
of
Women
,
to
consult
about
Tires
,
Fashions
,
Dresses
,
Tinctures
,
and
the
like
weighty
and
important
Affaires
.
FINIS
.
HERODIAN
HIS
IMPERIALL
HISTORIE
.
The
sixth
Booke
.
The
Contents
.
ALexander
Emperour
.
The
Religion
and
State
reformed
.
Maesa
Deified
.
Alexanders
Elogie
.
His
Marriage
.
Persians
invade
the
Romanes
.
Alexander
writes
to
the
Persian
;
who
scornes
his
Letters
.
Generall
Muster
in
Italy
.
Alexander
marches
against
the
Persian
.
An
Embassy
.
Another
braving
Embassy
.
Embassadours
punisht
.
Alexanders
Policie
,
Archery
.
Armenian
Mountains
.
The
Romans
defeated
.
Alexander
retires
.
Best
Physicke
for
Souldiers
.
Germany
rebells
.
Alexander
comes
to
the
Rhine
.
Archers
.
Heralds
.
Maximine
described
and
elected
Emperor
.
Alexander
slaine
.
WEe
have
formerly
declared
And
first
they
selected
out
of
the
Senate
16.
ancient
,
grave
,
and
honourable
Peeres
,
for
assistants
and
counsellers
to
the
Prince
:
without
whose
suffrage
&
consent
,
nothing
was
to
passe
as
an
act
of
State
.
Which
manner
of
government
was
wondrous
pleasing
to
the
People
,
Souldiers
and
Senators
;
the
Empire
being
thereby
reduced
from
an
injurious
Tyrannie
,
to
the
forme
of
an
[
*
](A03096-e34540-b)
*
〈…〉
ment
of
the
principall
men
.
Optimacie
.
Their
prime
care
was
to
restore
the
Images
of
the
Gods
[
*
](A03096-e34610-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
.
In
w●●●ch
words
the
excellent
authour
hath
couched
both
the
parts
of
war
:
viz
Tactick
and
Strat●gematick
.
Marshalling
of
The
Empire
being
thus
administred
a
long
time
,
Maesa
being
now
very
old
,
deceased
;
and
was
buried
like
an
empress
;
being
after
the
Roman
fashion
,
[
*
](A03096-e34680-b)
*
At
a
Womans
deification
,
they
used
a
Peacocke
(
into
which
they
supposed
her
soul
to
s●●t
:
)
as
an
Eagie
at
a
M●●s
See
this
supreme
solemnit
described
in
the
beginning
of
the
4
book
of
this
H
〈…〉
.
deified
.
Mammaea
being
now
sole
Regent
and
Guardian
of
her
Son
,
followed
still
the
same
tracke
of
government
.
When
he
came
to
his
age
,
to
manage
the
state
himselfe
,
shee
fearing
lest
his
unstaid
youth
might
in
that
height
of
liberty
&
soveraignty
,
p●●c●●i●ate
him
into
the
vices
and
vanities
incident
thereto
;
set
a
strong
Watch
about
the
Court
,
prohibiting
allewd
and
loose
persons
from
his
presence
,
lest
his
good
nature
should
be
corrupted
,
and
his
minde
provoked
to
lust
by
bewitching
Syrens
,
and
fawning
Parasites
.
She
perswaded
him
also
to
attend
matters
of
Iudicature
[
*
](A03096-e34710-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
the
best
part
of
the
day
;
to
keepe
him
from
Idlenesse
,
the
Mistris
of
all
lewdnesse
.
Alexander
(
indeed
)
was
naturally
adorned
with
Affability
,
Clemencie
,
and
other
Princely
graces
(
as
was
afterwards
apparant
in
the
course
of
his
life
.
)
For
in
14
yeares
,
his
Having
thus
ruled
the
Empire
thirteene
yeares
,
without
any
grievance
(
in
regard
of
his
owne
particular
)
suddenly
in
the
fourteenth
yeare
,
there
came
letters
from
the
Presidents
of
Syria
and
Mesopotamia
,
cetifying
;
That
Artaxerxes
King
of
Persia
having
conquered
the
parthians
,
and
slaine
Artabanus
(
who
was
the
first
that
was
called
,
The
great
King
,
and
wore
a
double
Diadem
)
did
likewise
subdue
and
make
Tributary
the
bordering
Barbarians
:
and
not
containing
him●elfe
within
the
River
Tygris
,
had
transpassed
the
banks
and
bounds
of
the
Roman
Empire
,
and
made
a
rode
into
Mesopotamia
,
th●
eatning
to
invade
Syria
,
and
challenging
the
[
*
](A03096-e35020-b)
*
The
lesser●
Asia
.
opposite
continent
to
Europe
(
limited
by
the
Aegean
Sea
,
and
Propontick
Gulfe
,
and
called
Asia
)
as
the
ancient
Patrimony
of
the
Persians
:
in
that
,
from
Cyrus
(
who
first
translated
the
Empire
of
the
Medes
to
the
Persians
)
until
Darius
the
last
Persian
King
(
deposed
by
Alexander
)
all
those
countries
,
as
far
as
Ionia
and
Caria
,
●ere
ruled
by
Persian
Vice-royes
:
and
therfore
,
he
held
himselfe
bound
in
honor
to
recover
all
that
which
was
anciently
under
the
Persian
Scepter
W●en
Alexander
received
this
d●●mall
newes
from
the
Easterne
parts
,
he
was
not
a
little
perplext
and
troubled
,
having
beene
ever
trained
(
from
a
child
)
in
peace
and
tranquility
,
and
nuzled
in
City-delights
:
advising
therefore
with
his
Councel
,
he
first
resolved
to
send
Embassadours
with
letters
to
stop
the
Barbarians
proceedings
.
The
letters
were
to
this
effect
:
That
he
ought
to
containe
himselfe
within
his
bounds
:
and
not
in
vaine
hope
of
new
Conquests
,
raise
wars
and
stirs
.
That
every
one
ought
to
rest
content
with
his
owne
estate
,
That
he
would
find
great
difference
in
fight
betwixt
Romans
and
his
fellow
Barbarians
.
Lastly
,
he
put
him
in
mind
of
the
victories
which
Augustus
,
Trajan
,
Lucius
&
Severus
had
obtained
against
them
.
With
these
letters
Alexander
perswaded
himselfe
he
should
over-rule
the
Barbarian
and
make
him
quiet
.
But
he
scorning
them
,
and
holding
it
Alexanders
Speech
to
the
Army
.
I
Could
wish
(
my
brave
Fellow-souldiers
)
that
I
might
as
heretofore
speak
such
things
to
you
,
as
were
to
my
applause
,
and
your
content
.
It
may
be
that
after
so
long
peace
,
an
unexpected
war
may
somwhat
dismay
you
.
But
it
is
the
part
of
generous
and
temperate
men
to
pray
for
the
best
;
and
be
Artaxerxes
the
Persian
,
having
trayterously
slaine
his
Soveraign
Artabanus
,
and
translated
his
Kingdome
to
the
Persians
,
hath
presumed
also
to
bid
us
Battaile
,
and
in
despight
of
the
Roman
majesty
,
hath
begun
to
invade
and
destroy
our
Provinces
.
At
first
,
I
thought
good
to
write
to
him
,
to
desist
from
that
insatiate
fury
of
coveting
other
mens
Estates
:
But
he
in
his
barbarous
pride
is
so
far
from
containing
himselfe
in
his
owne
Limits
,
that
hee
challenges
us
to
fight
.
Let
us
not
therfore
refuse
the
Challenge
,
nor
foreslow
the
Warre
;
but
you
,
which
are
Veteranes
,
make
him
know
,
that
you
are
they
that
under
the
conduct
of
Severus
and
my
Father
Antonine
,
got
those
famous
Victories
over
the
Barbarians
.
And
you
which
are
young
Souldiers
,
must
strive
for
honour
and
glory
,
that
all
may
know
,
you
are
not
onely
well
disciplin'd
to
obey
in
time
of
peace
,
but
that
also
in
time
of
warre
when
need
requires
,
you
are
able
to
make
full
demonstration
of
your
Valour
.
The
Barbarians
are
very
fierce
against
them
that
shrinke
,
or
come
on
slowly
:
but
if
they
be
furiously
charged
,
they
are
soon
calmed
.
For
it
is
not
their
manner
to
attempt
the
Victory
by
pitcht
Battels
:
but
to
make
sudden
praedatory
Excursions
,
and
then
runne
away
;
thinking
they
have
gayned
sufficiently
by
forraging
the
countrey
.
But
we
,
with
our
fair
and
wel-ordred
armies
,
have
put
them
to
the
worst
,
&
returned
conquerors
.
Alexander
having
thus
said
,
the
souldiers
by
their
generall
cry
exprest
their
alacrity
and
readinesse
to
march
:
wherfore
giving
them
large
pay
,
hee
commands
them
to
prepare
for
the
voyage
,
&
having
made
another
speech
(
of
like
effect
)
to
the
Senate
,
he
appoints
a
day
for
his
departure
:
which
being
come
,
and
the
usual
sacrifices
&
ceremonies
performed
,
(
all
the
Senate
and
City
attending
him
)
hee
departs
from
Rome
,
often
looking
back
towards
the
City
,
and
weeping
.
Neither
The
great
King
Artaxerxes
commands
the
Romans
and
their
Prince
,
to
depart
out
of
all
Syria
,
and
Asia
[
*
](A03096-e35640-b)
*
Asia
minor
.
that
is
opposite
to
Europe
;
to
permit
the
Persians
to
rule
as
far
as
Ionia
&
Caria
,
&
over
all
those
countries
which
are
divided
by
the
Aegean
and
Pontick
sea
,
and
by
patrimoniall
right
belong
to
the
Persians
.
These
400
Embassadors
Alexander
commanded
[
*
](A03096-e35690-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
unholy
deed
,
&
unmanly
act
to
put
them
to
death
that
fought
not
,
but
only
executed
their
Soveraignes
command
.
This
done
,
Alexander
being
about
to
passe
over
the
rivers
,
and
lead
his
Army
into
the
Barbarians
countrey
,
many
Aegyptian
souldiers
revolted
from
him
;
and
others
began
to
make
a
commotion
in
Syria
:
but
they
were
soone
supprest
and
punisht
.
Alexander
also
sent
some
Forces
into
other
countries
,
to
prevent
the
Barbarians
incursions
.
All
Antioch
▪
and
send
for
th●se
few
Souldiers
that
remained
of
them
that
perish
(
amongst
th●
Mountain
●
by
extremity
of
the
Winte●
season
.
The
companies
that
●lexander
had
wi●h
him
,
he
brought
back
to
Antioch
:
having
lost
many
of
them
also
:
to
his
infinit
dishonour
,
&
his
souldiers
discontentment
:
Fortune
failing
him
every
where
.
For
the
most
part
of
his
threefold
army
(
for
so
he
divided
it
)
perish
diversly
,
either
by
sicknes
,
sword
,
or
cold
.
Alexander
being
come
to
Antioch
,
Pilula
●●●●eae
,
the
best
physicke
for
Souldiers
.
the
onely
preservative
to
assure
the
souldiers
love
.
)
Here
he
raised
new
Forces
,
as
if
he
meant
to
leade
another
Army
against
the
Persians
,
if
they
were
further
troublesom
,
&
desisted
not
from
their
enterprises
.
But
he
received
intelligence
,
that
the
Persian
king
had
dismist
all
his
Souldiers
to
their
owne
homes
.
And
though
the
Barbarians
seemed
to
have
got
the
upper
hand
,
yet
were
they
excedingly
wasted
with
those
frequent
skirmishes
&
battels
in
Media
&
Persia
▪
&
they
which
surviv'd
were
(
forthe
most
part
)
grievously
wounded
and
much
weakned
.
For
the
Romans
which
fel
,
sold
their
lives
full
dearely
,
and
●lew
not
a
few
of
their
Enemies
,
tho
they
were
but
a
handful
in
comparison
of
them
:
insomuch
that
there
were
almost
as
many
slain
of
the
Barbarians
as
of
the
Romans
,
who
were
not
inferior
to
them
in
valour
,
but
number
.
And
this
was
a
certaine
signe
of
the
Barbarians
great
losse
,
that
they
took
not
armes
,
nor
offered
to
stir
for
3
or
4
yeares
after
.
Alexander
thus
advertised
,
during
his
abode
at
Antioch
,
and
being
disburdened
of
the
irksome
care
of
War
;
he
was
much
more
free
and
frolicke
,
and
gave
himselfe
to
the
City-pastimes
and
plesures
.
And
now
while
he
was
confident
that
the
Persians
would
bee
quiet
,
or
at
least
,
that
they
would
not
(
in
hast
)
re-assemble
their
Forces
,
which
are
rather
a
confused
multitude
,
then
a
wel-ordered
Army
(
for
they
have
no
other
provision
,
than
what
every
man
brings
from
home
for
present
use
;
and
are
also
very
loath
to
leave
their
wives
,
children
&
possessions
)
there
came
posts
with
letters
from
the
Procurators
of
Illyria
,
which
troubled
Alexander
&
perplext
him
more
than
ever
:
for
they
certified
him
,
That
the
Germanes
having
past
the
Rhine
,
and
Isther
,
had
invaded
the
Roman
Frontiers
,
assaulted
the
Armies
upon
the
Banks
,
&
made
great
havock
in
the
Cities
and
Villages
:
to
the
great
hazard
of
the
Illyrian
Regions
adjacent
,
and
abutting
on
Italy
:
that
his
Presence
therefore
was
mainly
necessary
,
together
with
the
whole
Army
.
This
newes
amazed
Alexander
,
and
grieved
the
Illyrians
,
being
twice
miserable
;
by
their
late
discomfiture
in
the
Persian
expedition
,
and
the
slaughter
of
their
countreymen
by
the
German
incursions
.
They
were
therefore
exceedingly
enraged
at
th●
Emperour
for
betraying
the
affaires
of
the
East
by
his
feare
or
negligence
,
&
for
delaying
to
succour
the
North
,
being
so
earnestly
called
upon
.
And
now
Alexander
and
his
Counsell
began
to
misdoubt
Italy
:
which
was
in
greater
danger
of
the
Germanes
then
the
Persians
.
For
the
remote
Nations
of
the
Levant
,
so
far
disjoyned
by
Sea
and
Land
,
scarse
heare
of
the
name
of
Italy
:
but
the
Illyrian
Dominions
being
of
small
extent
,
and
consisting
but
of
a
few
Provinces
,
are
the
only
bar
betwixt
Italy
and
Germany
.
Being
compelled
therefore
by
necessity
,
hee
much
against
his
will
proclaimes
his
Expedition
:
and
leaving
as
many
Companies
as
he
thought
sufficient
to
guard
the
Roman
frontiers
(
having
wel
manned
&
fortified
the
Camps
,
Sconces
,
&
other
praesidiary
places
)
hee
hastens
with
the
rest
of
the
Army
against
the
Germans
.
Having
ended
his
Iourney
with
[
*
](A03096-e36520-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
zealous
imitators
of
his
valour
,
being
obliged
to
him
by
Donatures
,
and
all
manner
of
honors
.
These
young
Souldiers
(
whereof
many
were
Pannonians
)
applauded
Maximine
for
his
prowesse
;
but
scorned
Alexander
,
as
being
still
Ward
to
his
mother
,
&
wholly
subject
to
the
authoritie
and
will
of
a
woman
,
which
made
him
so
slowly
and
unmanly
to
prosecute
the
warres
:
whereby
the
orientall
expedition
miscarried
:
and
nothing
(
in
effect
)
was
done
against
the
Germans
.
And
now
being
naturally
prone
to
Innovation
,
and
wearied
with
the
long
raigne
of
the
Prince
,
which
was
but
little
beneficiall
to
them
(
there
being
no
competitors
for
the
Empire
)
hoping
also
that
if
some
other
were
made
Emperour
(
beyond
his
expectation
)
it
would
be
more
for
their
profit
and
preferment
,
they
resolved
to
kill
Alexander
and
elect
Maximine
Emperour
,
who
was
their
comrado
and
fellow
in
Armes
,
and
for
his
Martiall
skill
and
valour
fittest
for
the
present
warre
.
Assembling
therefore
into
the
field
in
Armes
,
when
Maximine
came
(
as
his
manner
was
)
to
train
them
,
they
invest
him
with
Purple
,
and
salute
him
Emperour
,
The
Souldiers
that
were
with
him
,
comforting
him
for
the
present
said
they
would
stand
for
him
to
the
uttermost
.
When
the
night
was
past
,
and
it
was
now
day
,
newes
comming
that
Maximine
was
at
hand
,
that
a
great
dust
was
seene
,
and
a
huge
multitude
heard
not
far
off
,
Alexander
went
again
into
the
Plaine
,
&
assembling
the
souldiers
,
besought
them
to
protect
and
defend
him
that
was
bred
up
by
them
,
&
had
raigned
14
yeares
without
harming
any
:
whereat
,
all
commiserating
him
,
he
commanded
them
to
take
armes
&
charge
the
enemy
.
But
the
Souldiers
,
though
they
gave
him
good
words
,
yet
slipt
away
one
after
another
,
and
would
not
fight
.
Some
wisht
the
Praetorian
Praefect
and
Alexanders
Courtiers
might
bee
executed
,
imputing
the
mutiny
to
them
.
Others
laid
all
the
blame
on
his
mother
,
which
by
her
insatiable
avarice
and
base
niggardice
(
in
scanting
the
souldiers
)
had
made
Alexander
odious
.
Thus
for
some
while
they
parlied
and
argued
,
but
marched
not
.
When
Maximines
army
came
in
sight
,
&
began
to
perswade
them
to
leave
that
wretched
woman
,
and
puny
Prince
,
that
was
still
under
his
mothers
wing
;
and
adhere
to
a
valiant
Souldier
and
brave
commander
,
that
was
their
own
companion
in
armes
,
and
an
excellent
Master
in
the
Art
Military
;
they
all
presently
revolted
from
Alexander
,
and
with
one
voice
proclamed
Maximine
Emperour
.
Alexander
[
*
](A03096-e36820-b)
*
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
blame
or
bloud
.
For
he
abhorred
murther
and
cruelty
,
and
was
so
mild
and
temperate
,
that
he
suffered
none
to
dy
,
but
those
that
were
condemned
by
Law
:
and
had
not
his
miserable
Mother
blasted
his
Honour
by
her
●ordid
demeanour
,
there
had
beene
nothing
wanting
to
have
rendred
him
a
most
excellent
Prince
.
The
End
of
the
Sixth
Booke
.
HERODIAN
HIS
IMPERIALL
HISTORIE
.
The
seventh
Booke
.
The
Contents
.
MAgnus
.
Quartinus
made
Emperor
against
his
will
.
Macedon
a
base
Traytor
.
Germans
good
swimmers
and
souldiers
.
A
terrible
battel
in
a
Poole
,
betwixt
Romanes
and
Germanes
.
Informers
and
Catch-poles
●omented
by
Maximine
.
His
Covetousnesse
,
Cruelty
,
and
Sacriledge
.
The
Romanes
Devotion
.
Africke
revolts
.
A
Speech
to
Gordian
;
elected
Emperour
.
Vitalian
slaine
.
Insurrection
at
Rome
.
Sabinus
slaine
.
Maximines
Flies
and
Spies
.
His
Speech
to
the
Army
.
His
Expedition
to
Italy
.
Capellian
defeats
the
Carthaginians
.
Prince
Gordian
elected
and
slaine
.
The
Emperour
Gordian
strangles
himself
.
The
Romans
solemn
Parliament
in
Ioves
Temple
.
Maximus
and
Albinus
elected
Emperors
by
the
Senate
,
and
rejected
by
the
Commons
.
The
Commons
deluded
.
Gordian
Caesar
.
Souldiers
slaine
.
A
Commotion
at
Rome
.
Fencers
slain
.
A
Conncel
of
war
.
A
general
pardon
.
A
Stratagem
.
Rome
fired
.
WE
have
shewed
in
the
former
Book
,
how
Alexander
demeaned
himselfe
in
his
14
yeares
raigne
,
and
how
he
died
.
Maximine
having
attained
the
Soveraingty
,
there
followed
a
strange
alteration
.
For
he
carried
himself
in
such
rough
&
terrible
sort
,
that
the
Empire
was
now
fallen
from
a
faire
calme
rule
,
to
a
stormy
blustring
Tyranny
.
Knowing
now
he
should
be
generally
prejudged
,
because
he
was
the
first
that
was
raised
from
the
lowest
step
,
to
the
highest
State
;
and
being
also
a
Barbarous
caitife
and
villaine
of
birth
,
and
by
education
,
custome
,
and
condition
,
given
to
bloud
;
his
chiefe
care
was
to
settle
himself
in
the
Empire
by
crueltie
:
supposing
hee
should
bee
(
otherwise
)
contemptible
to
the
Roman
Senat
and
subjects
,
who
would
not
so
much
consider
his
present
fortune
,
as
the
basenes
of
his
parentage
:
for
all
men
knew
that
(
first
)
he
was
a
Shepherd
in
the
Mountaines
of
Thrace
:
and
that
after
,
being
(
for
his
vastnesse
&
activity
)
prest
for
a
soldier
among
his
poore
countreimen
,
he
was
led
by
the
hand
(
as
it
were
)
of
Fortune
,
to
the
Roman
Empire
:
wherefore
he
instantly
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discomposed
all
Alexanders
councellors
&
assistants
that
were
chosen
by
the
Senat
;
sending
some
of
them
to
Rome
;
and
depriving
others
of
their
offices
,
upon
pretence
of
misgovernment
.
Which
he
purposely
did
,
that
being
rid
of
all
which
were
his
betters
(
in
birth
)
he
might
the
more
freely
&
uncontrolably
practise
(
in
his
Army
,
as
in
a
strong
Arcenal
)
al
kind
of
Tyranny
,
without
regard
to
any
.
Hee
banisht
also
from
the
court
,
al
Alexanders
servants
,
that
had
so
many
yeares
waited
,
and
put
many
of
them
to
death
upon
misprision
of
Treason
,
because
they
mourned
for
their
old
master
.
But
that
which
set
a
keene
edge
upon
his
Tyranny
,
was
an
information
,
that
many
Captaines
and
all
the
Roman
Senate
conspired
against
him
.
There
was
one
Magnus
,
a
very
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〈◊〉
〈◊〉
retardation
of
the
war
,
was
justly
to
bee
condemned
.
Wherfore
he
spared
no
pains
to
muster
and
traine
the
Souldiers
,
and
being
still
in
armes
himselfe
,
he
mightily
incouraged
the
Army
Having
made
the
bridge
,
he
purposed
to
passe
into
Germany
.
But
Magnus
was
reported
to
have
perswaded
many
of
the
best
soldiers
(
who
had
the
charge
of
guarding
the
bridge
)
that
as
soon
as
Maximine
were
passed
over
,
they
should
cut
it
down
;
and
so
(
preventing
his
returne
)
betray
him
to
the
Barbarians
.
For
so
deep
&
broad
was
the
river
,
that
it
was
impossible
hee
should
retreat
(
there
being
no
ships
on
the
other
side
.
)
This
was
the
rumor
,
but
whether
true
,
or
feigned
by
Maximin
,
is
uncertain
;
for
it
is
hard
to
determine
any
thing
therein
;
all
that
were
suspected
,
being
suddenly
apprehended
,
and
cruelly
slain
,
without
Iudiciall
Processe
or
Pleading
.
But
now
the
Osroene
Archers
began
to
revolt
.
For
being
much
griev'd
at
Alexanders
murther
,
&
meeting
(
by
chance
)
into
the
Grosse
of
the
army
.
Maximin
being
entred
the
enemies
country
,
&
finding
none
to
resist
him
(
for
all
the
Barbarians
were
fled
)
spoiled
all
the
country
,
(
the
corn
being
now
ready
to
reape
)
leaving
all
the
villages
to
be
burnt
&
pillaged
by
the
souldiers
.
Their
cities
&
buildings
are
very
apt
to
take
fire
,
for
the
Germans
rarely
use
to
build
with
stone
or
brick
,
their
houses
being
like
sheds
made
of
bords
&
timber
fastned
together
.
Maximin
progressing
in
this
sort
,
burning
all
the
fields
,
&
giving
al
the
cattell
to
the
Souldiers
,
could
yet
find
no
enemies
.
For
they
had
left
all
the
Champaigne
and
plaine
Country
,
and
betaken
themselves
to
the
woods
Romane
prince
most
valiantly
fighting
in
person
:
insomuch
that
the
poole
being
fild
up
with
carcasses
,
and
the
fennes
all
purpled
with
bloud
,
it
represented
a
gastly
&
hideous
sight
of
a
sea-fight
(
as
it
were
)
on
land
.
This
battel
and
his
other
Martiall
acts
,
the
Emperour
did
not
onely
certify
by
Letters
to
the
Roman
Senate
and
People
,
but
commanded
also
the
Portrait
of
them
(
at
large
)
to
be
publikly
set
before
the
Councel-house
,
that
the
Romans
might
not
onely
heare
,
but
behold
also
his
brave
Exployts
.
Which
Table
(
with
his
other
honours
)
was
afterward
taken
downe
by
the
Senat.
Other
skirmishes
there
were
,
in
all
which
,
hee
fought
in
the
head
of
his
troopes
,
and
with
his
own
hands
hewed
out
his
honour
.
Winter
approaching
,
he
retreated
(
with
many
prisoners
,
and
mighty
booties
)
into
Pannonia
Where
,
in
Sirmium
(
the
greatest
City
of
that
Countrey
)
he
lay
in
Garrison
,
preparing
for
a
Spring
▪
War
;
and
often
saying
(
which
he
seemed
to
intend
)
that
he
would
exterminate
and
subdue
all
the
Barbarous
nations
of
Germany
to
the
very
Ocean
.
Such
a
famous
Warriour
hee
was
!
And
surely
great
Glory
he
had
got
,
had
he●
not
beene
more
bloody
and
cruell
to
his
owne
subjects
than
to
the
enemies
.
For
what
thanks
to
kill
Barbarians
,
if
far
more
were
murthered
in
Rome
it selfe
.
FINIS
.