HER
ODOTVS
HIS
FIRST
BOOKE
INTITLED
CLIO
.
HER
ODOTVS
beyng
of
the
citye
of
Halicarnassus
in
Greece
Inachus
)
to
approach
the
shore
,
in
mynde
to
suruay
and
contemplate
the
wealth
and
substaunce
of
these
outlandish
Marchauntes
.
Now
in
the
meane
season
whiles
the
women
were
busye
and
attentiue
in
praising
such
thinges
as
their
fancy
lead
them
,
the
Phaenises
ranne
violently
vppon
them
and
hauing
caught
Io
with
some
others
,
they
rest
exceedingly
affryghted
,
and
flying
through
feare
,
incontinently
wayghed
ancōre
and
sayled
into
Aegipt
.
By
these
meanes
the
Persians
record
that
Io
first
came
into
Aegipt
,
not
as
the
Phaenices
reporte
,
&
that
this
was
the
first
cause
and
beginning
of
iniuryes
.
It
chaunced
afterward
that
certaine
Greekes
whase
names
they
knew
not
taking
shore
,
&
lauding
at
Tyrus
,
in
like
manner
made
a
rape
of
the
kinges
daughter
named
Europa
.
These
were
the
people
of
Crete
,
But
in
processe
of
tyme
,
the
seconde
trespasse
was
also
made
and
committed
,
by
the
Grecians
,
who
passinge
in
a
galley
by
the
riuer
Phasis
to
Aea
,
a
city
of
Colchis
,
and
hauing
finished
the
affayres
and
busines
for
which
they
came
,
caryed
away
Medea
daughter
to
the
King
,
whom
the
noble
After
this
in
the
second
age
ensuing
Alexander
the
sonne
of
Priamus
hauing
notise
and
aduertisment
of
these
thinges
Grecians
,
notfearyng
the
rigour
of
Iustice
,
or
anye
manner
pey
,
or
chastisment
,
which
they
before
had
vtterly
refused
to
beare
and
sustayne
.
Hauing
therfore
gotten
Helena
,
and
conuayed
her
away
it
seemed
good
to
the
Greekes
,
to
clayme
by
embassage
,
restitution
of
the
rape
and
iustice
on
the
rauisher
,
vnto
whom
the
stealth
of
Medea
was
obiected
and
answeare
made
that
it
was
not
meete
for
them
to
require
eyther
losse
or
law
,
which
in
former
tyme
would
be
ruled
by
neyther
.
Thus
the
tyme
hetherto
passed
on
by
mutuall
pillage
betweene
them
.
But
of
those
things
which
insue
and
follow
.
Vpon
these
the
Persians
affyrme
,
the
Grecians
to
haue
bene
the
chiefe
authors
,
who
first
inuaded
Asia
by
the
power
of
warre
then
euer
themselues
attempted
the
rule
and
domiminion
Europa
.
Reputing
it
the
poynt
of
rude
and
grose
iniury
to
steale
away
women
,
and
the
signe
of
a
greater
folly
to
pursue
the
losse
of
them
:
since
no
wyse
man
would
set
ought
by
those
that
without
their
owne
assent
and
free
wil
could
neuer
haue
bene
stolne
.
For
this
cause
the
Persians
alleadge
how
lightly
they
valued
the
losse
of
their
Ladyes
,
whereas
the
Greekes
on
the
other
syde
,
for
one
silye
danie
of
Lacedemonia
,
furnished
a
huge
nauy
and
comming
into
Asia
,
subuerted
and
brought
to
ruine
the
kingdome
of
Priamus
.
Since
which
tyme
they
haue
alwayes
thought
of
the
Grecians
as
of
their
heauy
frendes
,
esteeming
themselues
somewhat
allyed
to
Asia
and
the
nations
of
Barbaria
,
but
the
Grecians
to
be
strangers
,
and
alyens
vnto
them
.
And
as
touching
the
course
&
proceding
of
these
things
,
the
Persians
report
on
this
manner
,
adding
hereto
that
the
first
cause
of
tumult
and
contention
betweene
them
arose
by
the
ouerthrow
and
destruction
of
Troy
.
With
whose
assertions
the
Phaenices
agree
not
aboute
the
Lady
Io.
Whom
they
flatly
denye
to
haue
bene
caryed
by
them
into
Aegipt
in
manner
of
a
rape
,
shewinge
,
howe
that
in
theyr
abode
at
Argos
,
shee
fortuned
to
close
with
the
mayster
of
a
Shippe
,
and
feelynge
her selfe
to
bee
spedde
:
fearynge
and
doubtinge
greatlye
the
feueritye
,
&
cruell
tyrannye
of
her
Parentes
,
and
the
detection
of
her
owne
follye
,
Shee
willynglye
toke
shyppe
and
fledde
strayght
awaye
.
Such
are
the
recordes
of
the
Persians
,
and
Phaenicians
,
of
the
truth
wherof
I
meane
not
to
discusse
.
Onely
whom
I
fynde
to
haue
done
the
first
harme
and
iniurye
to
people
of
Greece
of
hym
I
determine
to
speake
proceding
orderly
with
the
declaration
aswell
of
small
cityes
&
townes
of
meaner
fortune
as
of
those
that
are
populous
&
wel
frequented
,
for
so
much
as
many
cityes
which
former
ages
haue
knowne
right
ample
and
wel
peopled
,
are
now
fallen
to
a
low
ebbe
:
and
contrariwyse
,
those
which
in
the
compasse
of
our
memory
were
greate
haue
heretofore
bene
much
lesse
:
wherefore
knowing
the
tenor
of
humayne
felicity
to
be
eftsones
varyable
,
and
neuer
at
one
stay
,
my
purpose
is
to
vse
the
examples
of
eyther
kynd
.
Craesus
a
Lidian
born
descended
of
Halyattes
,
was
King
of
those
countryes
,
that
lye
within
the
riuer
Halis
,
which
Paphlagonians
,
right
against
the
North
wind
breaketh
into
the
sea
called
Euxinam
.
Of
al
the
princes
Barbarian
of
whom
we
haue
vnderstanding
this
same
Craesus
was
the
chiefe
that
made
some
of
the
Greekes
tributary
and
other
his
friendes
,
he
subdued
the
Iones
,
Aeoles
and
Dores
that
dwell
in
Asia
:
concluding
with
the
Lacedemonians
a
friendly
league
of
amity
.
Wheras
before
him
Ionia
,
it
happened
long
before
the
tyme
of
Craesus
:
wherein
was
vsed
no
sacking
of
cities
,
no
dispoylinge
of
townes
:
but
secret
inuasions
and
seysing
on
the
pray
.
And
albeit
in
the
countrey
of
this
noble
King
Craesus
the
soueraygnty
and
chiefe
rule
were
peculiare
to
the
stock
of
Hercules
Heraclidae
,
yet
was
it
in
this
order
translated
to
the
bloud
of
Craesus
whose
names
were
Mernadae
Candaules
(
whom
the
Greekes
call
Silos
)
was
king
of
Sardis
comming
of
the
lyne
and
progenie
of
Alcaeus
the
sonne
of
Hercules
.
The
first
kyng
of
the
family
of
Haeraclidans
that
raygned
in
Sardis
beynge
named
Argon
sonne
of
Niuus
nephew
of
Belus
sonne
to
the
nephew
Alcaeus
and
the
last
Candaules
the
sonne
of
Mirsus
.
Before
Argon
his
raygne
,
they
which
gouerned
the
countrey
,
were
the
ofspring
of
Lydus
the
sonne
of
Atis
,
of
whom
the
whole
people
Meonyts
,
of
these
were
the
Heraclidans
brought
vp
,
beyng
borue
of
Hercules
&
Iardana
a
bondmayd
.
Vnto
these
(
by
vertue
of
the
oracle
)
was
the
seignory
,
and
supreme
gouernment
translated
,
who
held
the
same
for
terme
of
fyue
hundred
and
fiue
yeares
,
the
sonne
eftsones
succeded
hys
father
,
euen
vnto
Candaules
the
sonne
of
Myrsus
.
This
Candaules
was
passing
well
affectioned
to
his
wyfe
,
in
so
much
Bascylus
,
one
of
the
chiefe
and
principall
of
his
garde
(
whom
also
he
especially
fauoured
,
&
not
seeldome
employed
him
in
matters
of
greate
weight
)
aduauncing
vnto
him
the
seemly
shape
of
his
wife
aboue
measure
.
In
short
space
after
(
for
the
euill
hap
haunted
hym
)
meetinge
with
the
aforesayde
Gyges
,
hee
beganne
thus
.
My
faythfull
seruaunt
Gyges
,
wheras
thou
seemest
not
to
credite
the
large
vauntes
and
often
bragges
which
I
make
of
my
Ladyes
beauty
and
comlynesse
(
the
eares
of
men
beyng
much
more
incredulous
then
their
eyes
)
behold
I
wil
so
bring
to
passe
,
that
thou
shalt
see
her
naked
.
Wherat
the
pore
Gentleman
greatlye
abashed
,
and
in
no
wyse
willyng
to
assent
therto
,
made
answere
as
followeth
.
My
Lord
Wherfore
I
beseech
your
grace
,
to
haue
me
excused
,
if
in
a
case
so
heynous
and
vnlawfull
,
I
somewhat
refuse
to
obay
your
wil.
Gyges
hauing
in
this
sort
acquited
himselfe
,
fearing
the
daunger
that
might
ensue
.
The
King
began
a
fresh
to
replye
,
saying
,
My
good
Gyges
,
take
hart
at
grace
,
&
feare
not
,
least
eyther
my selfe
do
goe
about
to
examine
and
feele
thy
meaning
by
the
coloured
glose
of
fayned
speach
,
or
that
the
Queene
my
Ladye
take
occasion
to
worke
thy
displeasure
hereby
.
Pull
vpp
thy
spirites
,
and
leaue
al
to
mee
:
it
is
I
that
wil
worke
the
meanes
,
whereby
shee
shall
neuer
know
any
part
of
her selfe
to
haue
bene
seene
by
anye
creature
liuing
.
Listen
then
awhyle
and
geue
eare
to
my
counsayle
.
When
night
is
come
the
dore
of
the
chaumber
wherein
wee
lye
beyng
wyde
set
open
,
I
will
couertly
place
thee
behynde
the
same
:
strayght
at
my
entraunce
thereinto
,
her
custome
is
not
to
be
long
after
mee
,
directly
at
her
comming
in
,
there
standeth
a
bench
,
wherat
vnclothing
herselfe
,
shee
accustometh
to
lay
her
garmentes
vppon
it
,
propoundinge
her
deuine
and
angelicall
body
,
to
bee
seene
and
viewed
for
a
long
space
,
this
done
,
as
she
turnes
from
the
bench
to
bedwarde
,
her
backe
beyng
toward
thee
,
haue
care
to
slip
priuily
out
of
the
dores
least
happily
she
espye
thee
.
The
gentleman
seynge
hymselfe
taken
in
a
trap
,
that
in
no
wyse
he
could
escape
without
perfourmance
of
his
Lords
folly
,
gaue
his
assent
,
and
at
an
howre
appoynted
stood
in
a
readines
,
whom
Candaules
closly
brought
into
his
chaumber
:
and
immediatly
after
came
the
Queene
:
whom
Gyges
hauyng
beheld
at
his
pleasure
,
when
her
back
was
turned
crept
out
of
the
dore
,
yet
not
so
secretly
,
but
that
the
Queene
had
a
glymse
of
hym
,
and
perceyued
,
who
hee
was
.
The
Lady
seyng
the
fond
and
vndiscrete
treacherye
of
her
husband
made
little
adoe
,
and
seemed
as
though
shee
had
seene
nothing
.
Albeit
fully
mynding
to
bee
reuenged
of
the
shameles
foolish
facte
of
her
espoused
Lord
.
For
with
the
Lydians
,
and
welnygh
also
with
the
rest
of
the
Barbarians
,
it
is
a
greate
reproach
euen
for
a
man
to
be
seene
vnclothed
.
How
be
it
for
the
present
tyme
she
kept
silence
,
makyng
no
semblaunce
of
my
displeasure
.
The
day
following
,
hauing
assembled
certayne
of
her
houshold
seruauntes
,
in
whom
shee
hadde
especiall
affyaunce
,
Gyges
was
sent
for
,
who
suspecting
nothing
lesse
then
that
hys
deceipt
was
knowen
:
spedely
and
with
all
diligence
,
adressed
hym
to
come
:
beyng
wont
also
at
other
tymes
to
come
to
the
Queene
as
oft
as
yet
pleased
hyr
to
sende
for
him
.
Beyng
entred
the
chaumber
she
began
to
assayle
him
in
these
worde
.
Now
Gyges
of
two
present
wayes
I
geue
thee
free
choyce
which
of
them
both
thou
wilt
take
:
eyther
to
slay
the
King
Candaules
and
enioy
mee
with
the
Kingedome
of
Lydia
:
or
thy selfe
presently
to
leese
thy
lyfe
.
Lest
in
obayng
thy
Lord
in
that
thou
oughtest
not
,
thou
be
henseforth
priuye
to
that
which
thou
shouldest
not
.
There
is
no
remedy
the
one
of
you
both
must
to
the
pot
,
ether
the
mayster
or
the
man
,
ether
hee
which
led
thee
herevnto
,
or
thy selfe
that
sawest
mee
naked
,
and
diddest
those
thinkes
that
wer
vnlawful
to
be
done
.
Gyges
herewith
amazed
beganne
first
to
beseech
her
humbly
,
entreating
her
not
to
bynd
him
to
so
harde
a
condition
.
Neuerthelesse
being
not
hable
to
perswade
her
,
and
seinge
it
necessarye
eyther
to
murther
his
Lord
,
or
to
be
murthered
by
other
,
he
deemed
it
the
better
choyse
to
lyue
hymselfe
,
addressing
his
speech
to
the
Queene
in
this
wyse
.
My
Soueraygne
Lady
(
quoth
he
)
Synce
of
necessity
you
compell
mee
to
become
guylty
of
the
bloude
of
my
Kinge
,
let
mee
heare
by
what
meanes
wee
shall
set
vppon
him
:
of
a
truth
(
sayd
shee
)
our
treason
shall
proceede
from
the
same
place
from
whence
he
bewrayed
my
shame
.
The
assault
shall
be
geuen
when
hee
is
a
sleepe
.
The
wretched
Gentleman
dryuen
to
so
harde
a
strayght
,
that
eyther
hee
must
slaye
or
be
slayne
,
made
no
delay
but
followed
the
Queene
into
her
bed
chaumber
,
whom
with
a
naked
dagger
in
hys
hand
,
she
priuely
placed
behynd
the
same
dore
,
from
whence
Gyges
afterwardes
arysing
Archilocus
Parius
who
was
liuing
at
the
same
tyme
maketh
mention
in
a
verse
named
lambie
.
Trimeter
.
To
bee
short
Gyges
proclaymed
himselfe
kyng
,
and
was
established
in
the
gouernment
Delphos
.
For
when
as
the
Lydidians
greatly
disdayning
at
the
heauy
lotts
of
Candaules
,
arose
,
and
were
all
in
armoure
,
they
came
to
agreement
with
them
that
mayntayned
the
cause
of
Gyges
,
that
wherehe
was
pronounced
kyng
by
the
oracle
he
should
raygne
in
peace
:
if
otherwyse
the
supreme
authority
should
bee
restored
to
the
bloud
of
Hercules
.
Counsayle
beynge
demaunded
of
the
oracle
:
Gyges
.
Albeyt
Pythia
mingling
hony
with
gall
threatned
a
reuenge
to
come
vpon
the
son
of
Gyges
nephewes
nephew
:
or
fift
in
line
all
discent
from
himselfe
:
which
sayng
neither
the
Lydians
,
nor
their
princes
any
thing
regarded
vntil
such
tyme
as
the
end
had
confirmed
it
.
Gyges
beynge
in
full
possession
of
the
kyngdome
,
sent
many
giftes
to
Delphos
to
the
Temple
of
Apollo
,
whereof
the
greater
part
were
framed
of
siluer
,
and
besides
the
siluer
,
a
mightye
summe
of
Gold
.
How
be
it
amonges
diuerse
his
presentes
one
is
most
worthy
memory
:
to
wit
,
6
dishes
of
golde
offred
by
hym
wayghing
thirty
talentes
,
which
were
safely
garded
in
the
close
treasurye
of
the
Corynthians
.
Albeit
(
to
speake
truth
)
the
treasure
wee
speake
of
,
was
not
proper
to
the
people
of
Corinth
,
but
rather
to
Cypselus
the
sonne
of
Aetion
.
In
this
manner
was
Gyges
the
first
king
of
the
Barbarians
(
of
whom
we
haue
notice
)
that
presented
any
gyftes
at
the
temple
of
Delphos
saue
only
Mydas
sonne
to
the
noble
Gordius
,
and
king
of
Phrigia
.
For
Mydas
also
consecrated
a
sumptuous
chayre
of
estate
,
wherin
he
was
accustomed
to
Delphos
Gygeum
,
or
Gygades
,
taking
the
name
of
the
geuer
.
Beyng
setled
in
hys
emperiall
dignitye
he
warred
agaynst
Myletus
,
and
Smyrna
,
and
toke
the
city
Colophon
by
force
of
armes
.
neither
any
other
act
besides
this
was
atchieued
byhim
,
albeithe
raigned
thirty
eyght
years
,
we
wil
therfore
passe
from
him
to
hys
some
named
Ardyis
,
who
as
heire
apparaunt
to
the
crowne
,
succeeded
his
father
in
the
state
royall
.
Ardyis
conquered
the
Prienensis
and
inuaded
Miletus
in
the
tyme
of
whose
raygne
the
people
called
Cymmerians
dispossessed
of
their
owne
seats
by
the
Scithians
,
surnamed
Nomades
came
into
Asia
,
and
aduenturing
vpon
Sardis
the
seate
of
prince
Ardyis
toke
the
Citye
excepting
onely
the
towre
and
chiefe
castle
of
defence
.
Ardyis
hauyng
ruled
the
kingdome
forty
nyne
yeares
,
then
left
yt
afterward
vnto
hys
Sonne
and
Heire
,
called
Sadyattes
,
who
gouerned
the
same
the
space
of
twelue
yeares
.
After
him
the
Scepter
descended
to
Halyattes
,
who
ioyned
battayle
with
Cyaxares
sonne
of
Beioces
and
hys
people
the
Medes
,
banishing
the
Cymmerians
out
of
Asia
.
Moreouer
by
the
same
was
the
Citye
Smyrna
surprised
,
lying
neere
vnto
Colophon
,
lykewyse
the
famous
Citye
Clazomenae
valyauntlye
assayled
,
wherfore
(
notwithstandynge
)
his
noble
courage
was
daunted
,
and
he
was
forst
to
depart
destitute
of
his
hope
,
other
thinges
also
were
done
by
hym
in
tyme
of
hys
warfare
verye
worthye
of
memory
:
which
are
these
following
.
In
his
warre
with
the
Milesians
left
vnto
hym
by
hys
father
,
he
practised
thys
meanes
in
be●ieging
the
Citye
.
In
time
of
haruest
the
grayne
beyng
ready
for
the
sickle
,
he
sent
in
his
army
marching
with
the
sound
of
fluites
and
pypes
:
which
beyng
comen
into
the
fieldes
of
the
ennemye
,
their
houses
they
left
vntouched
,
onely
wasted
the
trees
and
fruictes
of
the
region
,
which
done
,
they
eftsoones
retyred
to
the
place
,
from
whence
they
came
.
For
the
Milesians
hauing
intelligence
of
their
ennemyes
approach
,
forsooke
theyr
city
and
dwelling
houses
,
and
fled
to
the
Sea
,
so
that
it
behoued
not
the
ennemy
to
stay
there
:
hys
dryft
and
purpose
in
not
spoyling
the
mansion
places
of
his
aduersaryes
,
was
onele
this
,
that
the
Milesians
hauing
place
wherin
to
dwell
,
might
returne
agayne
from
the
Sea
to
till
and
sow
the
grounde
,
which
might
geue
him
occasion
to
r●enter
with
his
power
,
and
bring
their
labours
to
none
effect
.
In
this
manner
hee
inuaded
the
countrey
,
for
terme
of
xi
.
yeares
,
wherein
the
Milesians
suffred
two
notable
foyles
.
The
first
in
Lemeneium
,
a
place
so
called
in
their
owne
countrey
.
The
second
in
a
certayne
field
named
Meander
.
Sixe
of
these
eleuen
yeares
did
Sadyattes
the
sonne
of
Ardyis
raygne
in
Lidya
,
and
beginning
the
Milesian
warre
,
troubled
his
enemyes
by
perpetuall
inuasions
,
and
often
conflictes
.
For
other
fyue
years
hys
sonne
Halyattes
main
tayned
the
quarel
receyued
of
his
father
.
In
all
the
tyme
of
this
warre
,
none
of
the
people
of
Ionia
gaue
succour
to
the
Milesians
,
saue
onely
the
inhabitauntes
of
Chios
,
who
hauing
before
tyme
bene
ayded
by
them
in
the
battayle
which
they
fought
with
the
Erythaeans
,
shewing
mutuall
goodwil
,
sent
them
now
a
supply
in
their
like
extremityes
.
In
the
xii
.
yeare
Halyattes
despoyling
the
fieldes
in
lyke
sort
,
as
before
it
chaunced
that
whyle
the
corne
was
on
fyre
,
a
great
tempest
arose
&
caried
the
flames
violently
to
the
temple
of
Minerua
surnamed
Assessia
,
&
burnt
the
pallaice
of
the
Goddesse
welnigh
to
the
ground
.
Which
thing
at
that
present
was
lightly
regarded
of
hym
,
but
being
with
his
army
returned
to
Sardis
,
he
fell
sicke
,
and
beyng
much
enfeebled
with
the
vehemency
of
his
maladye
,
whether
of
his
owne
heade
,
or
by
the
counsayle
of
others
moued
thervnto
,
sent
to
Dephos
to
the
God
for
the
recouery
of
his
health
&
welfare
,
when
the
messengers
were
come
,
Pythia
refused
to
geue
them
answeare
,
before
they
had
repaired
the
temple
of
Miuerua
,
which
the
fyer
had
consumed
at
Assessum
.
This
I
heard
with
myne
owneares
at
Delphos
,
whyle
I
there
soiorned
.
Hereunto
the
Milesians
adde
besydes
,
the
Periander
the
sonne
of
Cypselius
,
hearing
what
answeare
Haliattes
had
geuen
hym
by
the
oracle
,
in
all
hast
possible
dispatched
a
messenger
to
Thrasibulus
then
King
of
Miletus
his
faythful
&
familiar
frend
to
admonish
him
to
workesome
deuyse
,
how
to
delyuer
himselfe
&
hys
countrey
from
the
perpetual
molestation
of
his
enemyes
.
Halyattes
hauing
receiued
these
nowes
,
sent
incontinent
to
Miletus
for
composition
of
a
truce
till
such
tyme
as
the
temple
was
renewed
and
erected
agayn
.
The
ambassadoures
being
arriued
Thrasibulus
which
knew
the
cause
of
their
comming
and
vnderstoode
the
purpose
of
Halyattes
framed
this
deuise
,
what
Corne
soeuer
was
in
the
city
ether
of
his
owne
,
or
in
the
possession
of
others
,
he
commaunded
it
all
to
bee
brought
into
the
Market
place
and
there
to
be
layed
in
one
heape
.
This
done
he
gaue
in
especial
charge
to
all
the
citye
at
a
priuye
signe
to
fall
to
feasting
,
tipling
and
quaffing
betweene
themselues
aboue
measure
.
Which
thing
he
deuysed
,
to
the
intent
the
Sardian
embassadours
beholding
so
greate
plentye
,
and
aboundance
of
grayne
and
vewing
the
people
in
such
wise
to
disport
them selues
with
al
kynde
of
pleasure
and
delight
,
might
make
report
therof
to
the
kinge
his
soueraigne
which
fell
out
accordynglye
.
For
the
ambassadours
taking
diligent
view
of
all
thinges
they
saw
,
and
dispatching
their
ambassage
to
Thrasibulus
made
speedy
recourse
to
Sardis
.
And
as
I
am
geuen
to
vnderstand
,
hereof
onelye
proceeded
a
conclusion
of
peace
betwene
them
.
For
Halyattes
supposinge
the
Milesians
to
bee
oppressed
with
greate
want
and
penury
of
grayne
,
at
the
returne
of
hys
legates
hard
other
newes
then
hee
looked
for
.
After
this
,
a
league
was
established
betweene
them
of
mutuall
hospitality
and
fellowship
,
and
in
steed
of
one
temple
,
Halyattes
,
caused
2
other
to
be
sumptiuously
built
at
Assessum
beyng
after
restored
to
hysful
and
perfect
strength
.
Such
was
then
the
maner
of
the
warre
,
that
Halyattes
mayntayned
agaynst
the
people
of
Miletus
,
Periander
the
some
of
Sypselus
who
aduertised
Thrasibulus
of
the
oracle
,
was
king
of
Corinth
,
in
whose
raigne
Arion
Methimnaeus
sitting
on
the
backe
of
a
Dolphine
by
safe
and
easy
conduite
,
arryued
at
Taenaros
,
hauing
the
name
to
bee
the
most
excellent
and
skylfull
musition
on
the
harpe
of
those
●yme●●
,
by
whom
also
chieflye
was
inuented
,
named
,
and
taught
the
kynde
and
forme
of
verse
called
Bi●hyrambus
.
The
fame
is
,
how
this
Aryon
hauing
a
long
tyme
bene
resident
in
the
court
of
Periander
,
was
greatly
desyrous
to
passe
the
Seas
into
Italye
,
and
Cicilie
,
wher
beyng
growen
in
wealth
,
and
flowinge
with
infinite
summes
of
money
,
was
lead
by
a
desire
of
retyring
backe
into
hys
owne
countreye
,
and
determyne
to
in
ship
himselfe
at
Tarentum
,
for
the
speciall
credite
and
good
lyking
he
had
to
the
men
of
his
owne
nation
,
hyred
a
Corinthian
barck
to
returne
in
:
which
hauing
a
gall
of
pleasant
wynde
,
and
beinge
nowe
without
kenne
of
Lande
,
the
Maryners
were
all
in
mind
to
haue
borded
Aryon
,
to
enioy
his
money
:
which
thing
the
pore
harper
perceyuing
freely
offred
to
depart
from
his
wealth
,
if
therewith
satisfyed
they
would
shew
mercy
on
him selfe
and
spare
his
life
.
How
be
it
finding
them
cruelly
bent
,
&
not
to
bee
moued
with
anye
tears
,
but
that
either
he
must
kil
himselfe
,
&
be
buried
on
the
land
or
fling
himselfe
hedlong
into
the
mids
of
the
sea
:
he
besought
thē●sibly
that
since
it
semed
them
best
to
deale
so
roughly
with
him
they
would
graunt
him
liberty
in
his
richest
aray
,
to
sing
a
song
,
wherto
they
gladly
yelding
,
as
beyng
not
a
little
ioyful
to
lend
their
eares
to
the
chiefest
and
most
famous
musition
then
liuing
on
the
earth
.
He
went
from
them
apart
into
the
middest
of
the
shippe
,
wher
hauing
decked
his
body
with
most
pretious
and
costlye
furniture
he
framed
his
voyce
to
the
sweete
and
melodious
verse
named
Orthium
,
which
no
soner
had
he
brought
to
an
end
,
but
al
his
pompe
&
glorious
arayment
,
he
threw
himselfe
headlonge
into
the
Sea
:
the
shipmen
held
on
their
course
to
Corinth
.
Arion
receyued
by
a
Dolphin
,
was
in
perfect
safety
landed
at
Taenaros
from
whence
so
arrayed
as
he
was
he
framed
his
steps
towarde
Corinth
to
the
seate
and
pallace
of
the
king
:
wher
hauing
entred
a
discourse
of
his
straunge
case
&
incredible
fortune
,
the
king
supposing
him
to
ouer
reach
,
committed
him
immediatly
to
close
ward
wher
no
man
might
haue
accesse
vnto
him
.
After
that
diligent
serch
was
made
for
the
mariners
,
who
beyng
apprehended
and
curiouslye
questioned
with
about
Arion
,
made
answere
that
his
abode
was
aboute
Italy
and
how
at
their
comming
from
thence
,
they
leaft
him
in
florishing
estate
at
Tarentum
,
at
which
words
Arion
presently
appearing
,
draue
them
into
such
a
quandarye
:
that
hauing
no
colour
of
excuse
,
they
were
compelled
perforce
to
confesse
the
truth
.
These
thinges
are
verifyed
by
the
men
of
Corinth
,
and
Lesbos
.
Ther
is
yet
to
be
seene
at
Taenaros
a
huge
&
massy
monument
wrought
of
brasse
,
Arion
sitting
on
the
back
of
a
Dolphin
.
Howbeit
,
Haliattes
prince
of
Lydia
hauing
entred
the
warre
with
the
Milesians
,
&
gouerned
Blaucus
Chius
,
who
first
found
out
the
meane
to
worke
in
yron
.
After
the
death
of
Haliattes
,
the
sceptor
descended
vnto
Craesus
his
sonne
,
beyng
then
at
the
age
of
thirtye
and
three
yeares
.
This
Kyng
mynding
to
haue
a
fling
at
the
Grecians
began
first
of
all
,
and
encountred
with
the
people
of
Ephesus
,
who
beyng
inuyroned
by
hym
with
a
siege
:
gaue
theyr
Citty
to
the
Goddesse
,
tying
a
rope
from
the
temple
of
Diana
to
the
walles
of
the
Towne
.
Betweene
the
olde
citye
that
was
besieged
and
the
Temple
was
the
space
of
7.
furlonges
.
These
were
the
first
that
Craesus
began
to
quarel
with
amonges
the
Grecians
.
After
this
he
began
by
piecemeale
to
be
doyng
with
the
seuerall
cityes
of
Ionia
Aeolia
,
pretending
agaynst
each
diuerse
and
sundrye
causes
some
very
weighty
and
of
due
regard
,
other
meeretrifles
and
very
friuolous
.
Now
when
he
had
subdued
the
Grecians
in
Asia
,
and
made
them
tributory
to
his
seat
,
hee
determined
to
furnish
a
nauy
agaynst
the
inhabitauntes
,
of
the
Isles
.
To
the
framing
wherof
when
all
things
were
in
readynesse
,
some
say
that
Bias
Prienaeus
:
other
that
Pittacus
Mitylaeneus
comming
to
Sardis
,
was
demaunded
of
the
Kinge
what
newes
in
Greece
,
who
shaped
him
such
an
answeare
,
that
it
gaue
him
small
courage
to
proceede
in
his
enterprise
.
The
people
of
the
Isles
,
O
King
(
sayd
hee
)
haue
made
prouision
of
a
thousande
horses
,
in
full
purpose
to
come
agaynst
thee
and
thy
citye
Sardis
.
Craesus
thinking
he
had
spoken
truth
:
Would
God
(
quoth
he
)
it
might
once
take
them
in
the
brayne
to
war
on
horsebacke
against
the
sonnes
of
the
Lydians
,
who
taking
his
talke
by
the
end
,
proceeded
saying
.
Most
noble
Prince
,
it
is
thy
desire
to
meete
with
these
Sea
fishes
flooting
on
shore
:
and
what
dost
thou
think
they
more
greedy
wish
and
long
after
,
then
to
take
thee
and
thy
Lidyans
waueryng
and
tossing
in
the
water
,
to
gleike
the
one
the
other
syde
,
for
so
many
Grecians
become
subiect
,
&
pentionarye
to
thy
kingdome
.
Wherwith
Craesus
verye
much
delighted
,
(
for
that
he
seemed
to
haue
spoken
wisely
)
chaunged
his
mynd
,
and
made
a
friendly
league
with
the
people
of
Ionia
that
held
the
Isles
:
in
processe
of
tyme
hee
became
conquerour
of
al
those
which
are
within
the
ryuer
Halis
.
For
besydes
the
Cilisians
,
and
Lisians
,
all
the
rest
were
subiect
to
the
Empire
of
Craesus
,
which
were
these
.
The
Lidians
,
Phrigians
,
Mysians
,
Mariandyns
,
likewyse
the
Chalibes
,
Paphlagonians
,
Thrasians
,
Oetimans
,
lastlye
the
Bithynians
,
Carians
,
Iones
,
Dores
,
Aeoles
,
Pamphylians
,
which
beyng
all
subdued
and
the
Gouernement
of
the
Lydians
greatly
amplified
by
Craesus
,
there
repayred
to
Sardis
,
beyng
then
in
the
flower
of
her
fortune
,
as
well
other
wyse
men
out
of
Greece
,
termed
Sophisters
,
as
also
the
Solon
,
one
of
the
citye
of
Athens
,
who
at
the
instant
prayers
of
his
citizens
hauinge
tempered
the
common
wealth
,
with
good
lawes
,
vnder
coloure
of
visittinge
straunge
countreyes
,
willingly
for
terme
of
yeares
abandoned
his
natyue
soyle
,
that
hee
might
not
be
forced
to
break
the
Lawes
which
he
before
had
made
,
the
Athenians
them selues
standing
bound
with
a
solemne
and
religious
vowe
for
ten
yeares
space
to
obserue
these
statutes
which
Solon
had
inuented
,
aswel
then
for
the
maintenance
of
his
lawes
as
to
view
and
see
forraine
nations
,
he
vndertoke
a
pilgrimage
into
Aegipt
to
King
Amasis
,
and
from
thence
to
Sardis
to
the
court
of
Craesus
,
where
in
gentle
and
curteous
manner
beynge
entertayned
by
the
Kinge
at
the
thirde
or
fourth
daye
,
after
his
arriuall
he
was
lead
about
the
treasuryes
to
view
the
welth
and
riches
of
Craesus
,
beholdyng
all
the
inestimable
and
blessed
iewels
that
were
contayned
in
them
.
After
he
had
attentiuely
beheld
and
with
curious
eye
surueyed
them
at
his
pleasure
.
Craesus
began
to
borde
hym
on
this
manner
.
You
Gentleman
of
Athens
,
for
asmuche
as
we
hearde
greate
good
wordes
of
your
wisedome
,
beyng
for
knowledge
and
experience
sake
a
pilgrim
from
your
countrey
,
wee
haue
deemd
it
conuenient
to
aske
you
a
question
,
whether
at
any
time
you
haue
seene
the
happiest
man
aliue
:
not
mistrusting
,
but
that
the
lotte
woulde
haue
fallen
to
hym selfe
to
haue
exceeded
all
others
in
blessednes
.
Solon
not
mynding
to
double
,
as
one
altogeather
vn
acquaynted
with
pleasing
phrases
,
deliuered
his
mynd
in
free
speechin
forme
as
followeth
.
I
haue
seene
O
King
(
quoth
he
)
Tellus
,
one
of
my
countriemen
of
Athens
,
a
man
surpassing
all
others
in
happye
Tellus
.
For
as
muche
(
sayde
hee
)
as
in
a
wel
ordered
common
wealth
,
heehadde
children
,
trayned
vp
in
vnitye
,
and
honesty
,
euery
of
which
hadde
likewyse
increase
of
his
owne
bodye
,
and
yet
all
liuing
.
And
hauing
spent
the
course
of
his
age
,
as
wel
as
a
man
might
,
Fortune
crowned
his
end
with
the
perpetual
renowne
of
a
most
glorious
death
.
For
the
Athenians
ioyning
in
battayle
with
their
next
neighbours
,
Tellus
comming
with
a
fresh
supplye
,
and
putting
his
ennemies
to
flight
:
ended
his
life
in
the
field
,
whom
the
people
of
Athens
in
the
selfe
same
place
where
he
had
shed
his
bloud
,
caused
to
be
entombed
with
immortall
honour
,
Solon
going
forward
in
a
large
discourse
as
touching
Tellus
was
cut
of
by
Craesus
with
a
second
demaunde
,
who
asked
him
the
second
tyme
,
whom
in
conscience
he
thoughte
next
vnto
him
,
in
full
hope
,
that
at
the
least
his
part
had
bene
next
:
to
whom
he
answeared
in
the
next
degree
.
Most
mighty
Prince
,
I
haue
alwayes
reputed
Cleobis
,
and
Biton
two
younge
menne
of
the
Countrey
of
Argos
,
of
body
so
strong
and
actiue
,
that
in
all
games
they
wanne
the
price
,
of
whom
these
thinges
are
left
to
memorye
.
The
feast
of
Iuno
beynge
kept
at
Argos
,
the
mother
of
these
two
young
men
was
to
bee
drawne
to
the
temyle
by
a
yoke
of
bullocks
,
which
when
the
houre
came
beyng
strayed
and
gone
out
of
the
way
,
the
two
young
youthes
yoked
themselues
and
halyng
the
chariot
forty
fyue
furlongs
they
came
to
the
temple
:
which
after
they
had
done
in
the
sight
&
view
of
the
whole
multitude
in
a
lucky
howre
they
dyed
,
wherby
the
Goddesse
gaue
vs
to
vnderstand
how
much
better
it
was
for
man
to
die
then
liue
.
For
when
as
the
people
flocking
about
extolled
them
to
the
heauens
:
the
men
praising
the
good
nature
and
intent
of
the
sonnes
?
the
women
commendinge
the
blessed
chaunce
of
the
mother
,
whom
nature
had
indued
with
two
such
children
:
the
good
old
mother
almost
out-of
hyr
wyttes
for
ioy
,
what
for
the
kynd
deede
of
her
sonnes
and
the
goodly
speech
of
the
people
,
aduauncinge
their
virtue
:
as
shee
stoode
before
the
ymage
of
Iuno
,
besought
the
Goddesse
with
earnest
prayers
to
rewarde
the
kindnes
of
hir
children
with
the
chiefe
and
most
precious
blessing
that
might
happen
vnto
man
.
Her
prayer
made
,
and
both
the
sacrifyce
and
feast
ended
:
they
gaue
themselues
to
rest
in
the
temple
,
but
neuer
after
awaking
,
in
the
morning
they
were
founde
dead
,
whom
the
people
of
Argos
by
two
carued
monumentes
placed
at
Delphos
commended
to
euerlastinge
memory
:
for
men
of
rare
and
excellent
vertue
.
To
these
men
did
Solon
attribute
the
next
step
to
perfect
happinesse
.
Craesus
now
beyng
throughlye
warmed
and
beginninge
to
storme
:
why
then
(
quoth
he
)
thou
foolishe
straunger
of
Athens
is
my
wealth
so
base
in
thyne
eyes
that
thou
demest
me
not
worthy
to
bee
compared
with
two
priuate
men
of
Argos
.
Certes
〈◊〉
king
(
sayd
he
)
you
demaund
of
me
a
question
as
one
not
altogeather
ignorant
that
the
hyghest
clymers
haue
the
heauiest
falles
,
the
terme
of
mans
life
be
threscore
yeares
and
ten
,
which
yeares
consist
of
twentye
fyue
thousande
two
hundred
dayes
,
omitting
to
speak
of
that
moneth
which
is
giuen
to
some
yeares
in
addition
for
the
iust
compasse
and
reuolution
of
the
tyme
.
Howbeit
if
in
euery
other
yeare
we
increase
a
moneth
:
for
the
due
concordaunce
and
euen
course
of
times
:
to
threscore
and
ten
yeres
we
must
adde
35
monethes
conteining
in
themselues
1500
dayes
.
Be
it
then
in
all
these
dayes
(
which
in
full
computation
are
twenty
sixe
thousand
two
hundred
and
fifty
)
what
thing
do
wee
see
lyke
unto
other
?
what
rather
not
flatly
vnlike
,
straunge
&
disagreyng
from
the
former
?
so
the
man
(
O
Craelus
is
altogeather
wretched
and
miserable
,
not
withstanding
,
thy selfe
art
in
wealth
flourishing
and
a
prince
of
many
people
:
all
this
I
deny
not
,
and
yet
I
cannot
call
thee
hym
whom
thou
wouldest
be
,
til
such
tyme
as
I
heare
of
thy
fortunate
death
.
For
wherein
is
the
rych
man
better
then
a
begger
,
vnlesse
the
course
of
his
happines
continew
to
his
graue
.
Ther
are
many
rych
but
few
blessed
,
and
many
of
a
meane
patrimony
,
yet
very
fortune
.
Two
thinges
there
be
wherin
the
infortunate
rich
excelleth
those
who
in
meaner
substaunce
haue
fortune
their
frende
:
by
whom
contrariwyse
,
they
are
excelled
in
many
.
The
wealthy
hath
to
glutte
his
desires
:
&
to
pay
for
his
default
when
it
happeneth
.
Both
which
though
fortune
haue
denyed
him
that
in
baser
wealth
liueth
well
,
yet
in
this
he
goeth
beyond
the
other
,
the
want
of
substaunce
kepeth
him
from
ryot
,
&
care
of
well
doyng
from
security
in
offending
:
the
same
hauing
no
small
thankes
to
yeeld
to
Fortune
,
that
he
hath
his
health
,
that
hee
is
gauled
&
greeued
with
no
calamity
,
that
he
is
a
father
of
verteous
children
,
that
he
is
garnished
with
the
beauty
and
comelye
shape
of
the
body
.
Besides
al
which
if
his
end
be
lucky
:
this
is
hee
whom
we
seeke
for
:
a
man
euery
way
worthy
to
bee
counted
happye
.
Neuertheles
till
the
last
gaspe
I
deeme
him
not
blessed
,
but
fortunate
.
Al
which
things
I
think
it
vnpossible
to
attayne
to
in
this
lyfe
.
For
as
one
countrey
cannot
supply
vnto
it selfe
all
things
,
but
flowing
in
some
one
thing
it
fayles
in
an
other
:
or
as
the
body
of
a
man
can
not
in
euery
point
be
absolute
,
but
happily
being
fayre
in
the
face
is
deformed
in
the
foote
,
so
standeth
it
also
with
the
lyfe
of
man
.
Yet
who
so
in
euery
kynd
commeth
neerest
the
mark
&
sealeth
vp
his
fortune
with
a
seasonable
death
,
shal
in
maner
of
a
king
be
renowned
with
the
famous
tytle
of
felicity
.
The
end
of
euery
thing
is
to
bee
regarded
what
issue
it
is
like
to
haue
,
because
riches
are
lent
by
the
Gods
to
many
,
Solon
hauing
thus
freely
and
vnfaynedly
layde
open
his
opinion
,
within
short
space
after
departed
the
court
,
&
trulye
was
accomted
an
vnwise
man
,
in
that
he
counsayled
euerye
one
not
respecting
his
present
estate
,
to
beholde
his
end
:
After
whose
departure
the
heauy
anger
of
the
gods
fel
vpon
Craesus
,
for
that
he
was
so
puffed
vp
&
exalted
in
the
vain
&
inestimable
confidence
of
his
own
felicity
.
Who
not
long
tyme
after
fel
into
a
dreame
,
which
rightly
foretolde
&
shewed
vnto
him
the
In
the
meane
while
when
the
king
was
solemnizing
the
nup
Midas
:
my
name
Adrastus
:
And
for
that
vnwittingly
I
slew
my
Brother
,
I
am
cast
out
and
exiled
,
from
Country
,
Parents
,
and
goodes
.
Craesus
replying
,
said
:
Of
a
truth
Adrastus
thou
art
borne
of
our
friends
,
and
art
now
comen
to
thy
friends
:
abide
in
my
house
and
thou
shalt
want
nothing
.
No
doubt
but
the
present
smarte
of
thy
calamity
will
redounde
to
thy
future
gayne
.
Nowe
whylst
he
made
his
abode
in
the
kinges
palaice
.
It
chaunced
that
at
Olympus
in
the
country
of
Mysia
there
haunted
a
wyld
bore
of
an
huge
and
incredible
bignesse
,
which
comming
Lydians
,
&
such
as
are
skilful
in
the
chase
of
wyde
beast
accompanied
with
houndes
for
the
purpose
,
I
wil
cause
to
returne
with
you
with
especial
charge
that
they
let
passe
nothing
that
may
make
to
the
speedy
conquering
of
so
cruel
a
monster
.
This
aunswere
geuen
they
semed
therwith
greatly
discontented
,
when
as
in
the
meane
space
the
kings
son
comming
in
presence
,
and
hearyng
both
the
request
&
humble
suite
of
the
Mysians
,
and
the
greeuous
repulse
geuen
them
by
the
king
his
sire
,
brake
silence
&
said
,
deare
father
.
Such
things
as
before
tyme
wer
commendable
&
glorious
vnto
vs
Atis
,
for
so
much
as
of
thy
deafe
▪
brother
I
make
non
acount
,
thy
life
is
my
happines
,
thy
death
my
misery
.
To
which
words
the
young
prince
answered
.
Deare
father
I
hold
you
excused
,
if
prouoked
by
a
dreame
so
rare
you
be
much
more
diligent
&
watchful
ouer
mee
:
yet
in
my
fancy
you
conceaued
it
not
aright
.
It
is
needful
then
that
sithence
your
grace
hath
mist
the
blanke
,
I
lay
open
vnto
youthe
true
meaning
and
sence
of
the
dreame
.
This
sleepy
fantasie
(
say
you
)
hath
manased
my
death
,
by
the
poynt
of
yron
.
But
why
,
in
this
voyage
ther
be
no
hands
whom
I
neede
to
dread
:
neither
any
head
of
yron
which
you
ought
to
feare
,
had
I
either
bene
to
dye
by
a
touth
,
or
such
lyke
some
cause
ther
were
of
doubting
the
worst
,
how
be
it
,
yt
is
the
yron
head
that
denounceth
my
death
.
For
asmuch
then
as
we
haue
not
to
deale
at
this
time
with
men
ther
semeth
vnto
me
no
iust
cause
of
absence
,
but
that
togeather
with
the
rest
I
may
enter
that
chase
.
Thou
hast
wonne
me
my
child
(
quam
Craesus
)
I
can
no
longer
resist
,
wherfore
as
vanquished
by
thee
I
frankly
yeeld
and
leaue
it
in
thy
power
to
proceede
with
them
on
hunting
,
which
when
he
had
spoken
,
he
called
for
Adrastus
the
Phrygian
who
appearing
in
presence
was
in
these
words
assailed
by
him
.
Sir
Adrastus
at
what
time
you
were
afflicted
with
misery
&
defiled
with
impurity
,
I
yelded
supply
to
your
wants
&
repurged
your
wickednes
hauing
receaued
you
of
a
straunger
into
myne
own
house
.
which
things
,
I
do
not
obiect
you
as
vnthankfull
for
my
bountye
,
or
vnmyndfull
of
my
curtesye
:
But
in
that
it
behoueth
you
to
deserue
well
of
mee
,
that
haue
dealt
so
frendly
with
your selfe
.
I
am
in
mynd
to
commit
vnto
thy
tender
care
the
safeconduit
and
diligent
garde
of
my
sonne
,
who
is
going
to
hunt
,
least
by
fortune
you
encounter
with
any
theues
or
robbers
that
mynd
your
destruction
.
Besydes
it
is
thy
parte
to
atchieue
renowne
by
valiant
and
worthye
aduentures
,
as
a
thing
natural
to
thy
linage
,
and
conuenient
for
thy
strength
.
To
whom
Adrastus
answeared
,
were
it
in
my
choise
O
king
(
quoth
he
)
I
woulde
not
moue
one
fote
out
of
thy
court
:
for
that
I
deeme
it
not
meete
for
one
in
my
case
so
miserable
to
kepe
company
with
the
happy
and
fortunat
,
from
doing
wherof
,
I
haue
hetherto
alwayes
refrayned
my selfe
.
But
for
as
much
as
it
semeth
good
to
your
gracious
highnes
,
whom
I
ought
to
gratify
and
shew
my selfe
thankefull
for
so
great
and
infinite
benefytes
receaued
,
I
am
ready
her
in
to
obay
your
wil.
And
for
that
you
haue
put
me
in
trust
with
the
health
and
welfare
of
the
noble
gentleman
your
sonne
,
I
auouch
and
vndertake
his
safe
and
prosperous
returne
.
Adrastus
hauing
ended
his
talke
all
thinges
beynge
in
a
readynes
,
with
approued
men
and
youthes
of
syngular
courage
:
likewyse
,
houndes
and
chaunters
of
the
best
kynd
,
they
marched
on
their
way
.
Now
when
they
were
come
to
the
hyll
Olympus
,
they
began
to
tract
and
sent
the
beast
,
whom
hauyng
spedily
disloged
Adrastus
,
discharged
his
dart
at
the
Bore
,
and
deceyued
of
his
ayme
,
in
stid
of
him
strake
the
sonne
of
Craesus
,
who
beyng
wounded
to
death
by
the
yron
point
fulfilled
his
fathers
vision
.
Immediatly
one
of
the
route
retyred
spedily
to
the
court
,
&
in
short
space
arryuing
at
Sardis
,
declared
vnto
the
king
the
great
misfortune
&
death
of
his
sonne
:
wherewith
the
woeful
father
greatly
affrighted
,
yet
much
more
sorrowed
for
this
that
his
sonne
was
slayne
by
the
hands
of
him
who
by
his
meanes
had
bene
lately
sanctifyed
and
clensed
from
slaughter
.
And
in
the
middes
of
his
anguish
calling
vpon
the
sanctifyinge
God
Iupiter
,
made
a
piteous
complaynt
of
the
wrong
done
vnto
him
by
a
stranger
.
Inuocating
like
wyse
the
Goddes
of
hospitality
and
friendship
.
The
one
for
because
he
entertayned
a
guest
not
knowing
that
he
nourished
the
manqueller
of
his
sonne
:
the
other
because
hee
had
found
him
whom
he
appointed
to
be
that
tutor
&
defender
of
his
child
a
most
pernicious
and
deadly
enemy
.
Scarsly
had
he
ended
his
prayers
,
but
the
Lydians
were
at
hand
with
the
dead
corse
,
after
whom
immediatly
folowed
Adrastus
who
beynge
comen
in
presence
,
and
standynge
before
the
wan
,
&
gastly
carcas
of
Atis
stretching
forth
his
armes
besought
that
king
to
slea
him
presēly
vpon
the
body
of
his
sonne
,
alleadging
that
what
for
his
former
distres
&
euil
misfortue
in
slayng
his
cleanser
there
was
no
cause
why
any
longer
he
shoulde
liue
.
Craesus
albeit
in
great
dolour
&
vexation
of
mynd
,
yet
maued
with
pitty
toward
Adrastus
,
sayd
thus
.
Thou
hast
aboundantly
satisfyed
mee
(
O
straunger
)
in
that
by
thyne
owne
voyce
thou
hast
craued
death
.
Neyther
art
thou
the
cause
of
this
heauy
chaunce
(
saue
that
vnawares
thou
hast
done
it
)
but
some
one
of
the
Gods
which
foreshewed
vnto
me
,
what
was
to
come
.
After
this
Craesus
caused
his
son
to
be
honourably
and
magnificially
buryed
.
But
Adrastus
For
the
cruel
mishap
&
destenie
of
his
beloued
Atis
,
Craesus
bitterly
wailed
&
lamented
the
space
of
2
yeares
,
which
griefe
he
aftewards
ended
:
at
what
time
the
gouernement
of
the
Medes
whas
translated
from
Astyages
son
of
Cyaxares
,
to
the
valiant
king
Cyrus
sprong
of
Cambyses
,
&
that
the
state
of
the
Persians
began
to
encrease
.
Reuoluing
&
castyng
with
himselfe
what
meanes
he
might
vse
to
atchieue
the
gouernment
of
Persia
,
before
it
grew
to
be
bigger
.
In
this
quandary
it
came
into
his
brain
to
make
trial
of
the
profecies
as
wel
of
those
in
Greece
,
as
the
other
in
Affrica
,
dispatching
messengers
euery
way
,
som
to
Delphos
,
others
to
Dodona
,
thyrdly
to
Amphiaraus
&
Trophonius
.
Ther
were
also
that
put
themselues
in
voyage
to
Branchidae
in
the
borders
of
Miletus
.
&
these
were
the
oracles
of
Greece
:
wherunto
Craesus
sent
for
counsayle
:
others
trauayled
into
Africa
to
the
oracle
of
Ammon
,
to
the
same
entent
&
purpose
.
Al
had
this
ende
to
require
the
sentence
&
aduyse
of
the
Gods
,
that
if
they
were
found
to
accord
&
agree
in
truth
,
nextly
he
might
sollicite
then
as
touching
his
own
affayres
:
whether
they
thoughte
it
expedient
for
him
to
goe
in
expedition
agaynst
the
Persians
.
Herevpon
beyng
fully
resolued
,
he
gaue
his
ambassadours
stratly
in
charge
that
taking
a
note
of
the
day
of
their
egresse
,
and
setting
forth
from
Sardis
,
they
should
kepe
iust
accompt
of
the
tyme
following
:
&
euery
day
question
with
the
oracle
,
demaunding
of
it
what
Craesus
son
of
Haliattes
king
of
that
Lidyans
did
that
day
,
&
geuing
diligent
hede
to
their
aunswers
:
to
tell
him
at
their
returne
,
what
answeare
was
made
by
the
other
rest
of
the
oracles
no
man
reporteth
:
but
at
Delphos
the
Lydians
hauing
entered
the
temple
to
aske
of
the
oracle
according
as
was
geuen
them
in
commaundement
by
the
king
incontinently
Pythia
began
to
salute
them
in
these
verses
.
The
depthe
of
raginge
Seas
,
The
number
of
the
sande
,
The
myndes
intent
(
set
woordes
assyde
)
I
easly
vnderstand
.
Which
verses
geuen
by
Pythia
,
and
written
of
the
Lydians
,
they
made
speedy
retyre
to
Sardis
.
When
that
rest
also
were
come
that
Craesus
had
sent
about
:
hee
toke
view
of
euery
mans
notes
&
liked
none
of
them
:
till
at
lengch
hearing
the
oracle
geuen
by
Pythia
he
greatlye
allowed
and
worshipped
it
:
of
opinion
that
the
only
true
prophecy
and
diuination
was
at
Delphos
,
which
hadde
hit
him
so
pat
in
all
thinges
he
did
.
For
after
the
departure
of
his
messengers
Delphos
,
what
wordes
were
geuen
by
the
oracle
of
Amphiaraus
,
and
what
sentence
hee
returned
.
I
cannot
affyrme
,
for
asmuch
as
no
other
speach
goeth
thereof
,
saue
that
this
Prophecye
also
was
deemed
by
Craesus
to
very
true
.
In
short
tyme
after
he
determined
to
do
honour
to
the
God
of
Delphos
by
greate
and
magnificall
sacrifyce
:
making
Lydians
,
that
euery
man
should
consecrate
those
iewels
which
they
possessed
most
costly
and
precious
.
From
which
their
sacrifice
when
as
streames
of
liquid
and
molten
Golde
distrayned
in
great
aboundaunce
,
hee
caused
thereof
to
bee
framed
halfe
slates
,
or
sheardes
,
the
longer
sort
as
he
entytled
them
,
of
sixe
handfull
,
the
shorter
of
three
a
hand
breadth
in
thicknesse
,
amounting
to
the
number
of
an
hundred
and
seuentene
.
Wherof
foure
were
of
fayned
gold
wayghing
twoo
talents
and
a
halfe
,
the
rest
of
whighter
golde
,
in
wayght
two
talentes
he
made
also
the
similitude
of
a
Lyon
in
tryed
and
purged
gold
,
waying
tenne
talentes
:
which
Lyon
at
such
tyme
as
the
temple
was
on
fyre
fell
downe
from
the
halfe
slates
whereon
it
stood
,
and
is
now
reserued
in
the
treasury
of
Corinth
,
poysed
at
six
talents
and
a
halfe
beyng
molten
from
him
.
All
which
thinges
when
Craesus
had
finished
&
brought
to
perfection
he
sent
them
in
waye
of
dedication
to
Delphos
togeather
with
other
giftes
&
presentes
,
which
were
these
:
two
bookes
very
fayre
and
stately
to
see
to
,
the
one
framed
of
gold
the
other
wrough
of
syluer
.
Wherof
the
first
at
the
ingresse
or
entry
into
the
temple
was
placed
on
the
right
hand
.
the
other
on
the
left
,
which
at
the
same
tyme
that
the
temple
was
surprised
by
fire
were
taken
downe
,
&
the
best
and
fayrest
of
them
beyng
of
Gold
,
&
wayghing
8.
talents
and
a
halfe
,
with
a
superplus
&
addition
of
24
poundes
was
curefully
garded
in
the
treasury
of
the
Clazomaeniās
.
The
other
of
syluer
beyng
kept
vnder
the
eues
of
the
temple
at
a
certayne
corner
of
the
church
contayning
600.
Amphorae
,
wherin
wine
was
mingled
for
the
feast
of
Theophanius
wrought
(
as
the
men
of
Delphos
testify
)
by
Theodorus
of
Samos
:
which
opinion
I
easily
ascribe
also
for
the
singuler
workmanship
therof
.
He
presented
besydes
4.
siluer
tunnes
preserued
by
the
Corinthians
,
amonges
their
treasury
.
Furthermore
two
drinking
cuppes
the
one
of
gold
,
the
other
of
siluer
,
of
the
which
two
the
most
principal
of
Gold
hath
ingrauen
in
it
a
tytle
whith
doth
argue
yt
to
be
the
gift
of
the
Lacedaemonians
,
albeit
contrary
to
truth
,
being
geuen
&
dedicated
by
Craesus
,
howbeyt
some
one
of
Delphos
(
whose
name
though
I
very
wel
know
,
yet
I
will
not
descry
it
)
willing
to
gratify
the
Lacedaemonians
,
caused
this
posie
to
be
entytled
.
True
it
is
that
the
ymage
of
the
boy
,
through
whose
handes
the
water
powreth
down
in
a
tricklyng
and
gentle
streame
,
was
geuen
to
the
temple
by
the
Lacedaemonians
,
but
neyther
of
the
two
cuppes
are
belonging
to
them
.
Other
giftes
also
of
no
small
price
dyd
Craesus
send
at
that
same
instant
,
to
wit
,
siluer
rynges
,
with
the
shape
and
forme
of
a
woman
3.
cubits
in
height
,
which
the
inhabitants
of
Delphos
witnes
to
be
the
image
of
her
whom
Craesus
in
his
court
employed
the
office
of
baking
,
herewith
also
were
offered
the
chaynes
of
the
Queene
his
wyfe
,
not
sparing
so
much
her
girdles
&
wastbands
,
al
which
he
caused
to
be
dedicated
at
Dephos
.
in
like
maner
to
the
oracle
of
Amphiaraus
,
of
whose
manhod
&
misfortune
he
had
iointly
bine
enformed
,
he
gaue
a
shield
&
speare
of
mere
&
solide
golde
,
a
quiuer
also
of
the
same
metal
,
wel
stored
and
replenished
with
dearth
,
both
which
,
euen
to
our
age
wer
reserued
at
the
city
Thebes
in
the
temple
of
Apollo
Ismenius
.
They
which
were
summoned
to
this
famous
ambassage
&
conueyance
of
the
giftes
to
Delphos
&
Africa
,
had
this
in
Items
to
inquire
of
that
Gods
:
whether
hemight
direct
an
army
against
Persia
or
not
,
&
in
so
doing
to
associate
&
ioyne
vnto
himselfe
the
aide
Lydians
,
&
chiefe
lord
of
many
regions
,
beside
esteeming
these
to
be
the
onlye
true
&
infallible
prophecies
among
men
,
hath
sent
you
gifts
worthy
your
diuyne
godhead
:
requiring
you
counsayle
and
aduise
,
whether
it
be
safe
for
him
to
lead
a
power
against
the
Persians
vsing
therin
the
helpe
&
company
of
other
people
.
This
question
beyng
framed
both
the
oracles
agreed
in
sentence
saying
:
that
if
so
be
he
addressed
an
army
agaynst
the
Persians
he
should
subuert
and
ouerthrow
a
mighty
kingdome
:
counsayling
him
moreouer
to
seeke
and
procure
the
Graecians
.
These
answears
geuen
&
receiued
,
Craesus
was
so
puffed
vp
and
exalted
in
courage
,
that
already
he
swallowed
and
deuoured
in
hope
the
whole
gouernment
and
empyre
of
Cyrus
.
Wherfore
he
returned
a
messenger
with
a
fresh
present
to
Pythia
,
and
for
euery
one
their
abyding
,
(
whom
he
hadde
intelligence
to
be
verie
many
)
2.
ounces
of
Gold
.
For
which
his
magnificent
bounty
the
people
of
Delphos
to
shew
themselues
thankefull
agayne
,
yeelded
hym
the
chiefe
preheminece
in
counsayling
the
oracle
,
the
principall
place
in
sitting
and
a
perpetuall
priuilege
of
a
voice
&
suffragie
,
for
any
man
that
should
be
adopted
into
the
society
of
Delphos
on
this
maner
.
Craesus
powred
out
his
presente
Apollo
,
solliciting
the
God
by
a
third
demaund
:
for
that
hauing
tryed
the
oracle
to
be
true
,
hee
now
tooke
his
pentworthes
in
aduyse
and
counsayle
.
His
question
at
this
tyme
was
dyrected
only
to
know
how
longe
hee
should
enioy
the
kingdome
of
Persia
.
whom
Pythia
answeared
in
these
wordes
.
When
seate
and
Scepter
of
the
Medes
vppon
a
mule
shall
light
,
To
stony
Hermus
valiant
lyde
With
these
verses
Craesus
was
much
more
delyghted
then
with
the
former
,
assuredly
hoping
that
the
tyme
should
neuer
be
wherin
a
Mule
should
gouerne
the
Medes
in
stid
of
a
man
and
for
the
same
cause
neyther
hee
nor
his
heyres
should
at
any
tyme
be
driuen
to
forsake
the
kingdome
.
His
next
care
was
how
make
frendes
and
copartners
of
those
which
among
thee
Grekes
were
of
greattest
might
,
&
noblest
mind
,
whom
by
curious
enquyry
he
found
to
be
the
Lacedaemonians
&
Athenians
?
that
one
beyng
that
most
excelent
among
y●
.
Dores
,
that
other
in
the
Nation
of
the
Iones
,
without
comparison
chefest
.
Of
these
2
nations
ther
hath
ben
an
auncient
and
grounded
opinion
as
concerning
their
virtue
.
Wherof
the
one
toke
their
begynning
and
original
of
Pela●gos
,
the
other
of
Helen
,
or
Grece
.
The
later
of
these
two
neuer
altered
For
in
the
tyme
of
king
Deucalion
they
helde
a
coast
called
Phthiotis
and
vnder
Dorus
the
sonne
of
Hellen
,
a
certayne
region
bounding
vppon
the
mountaynes
Ossa
and
Pyndus
by
name
Istyaeotis
,
from
whence
beyng
cast
out
and
chased
by
the
Cadmeans
,
they
inhabited
a
place
in
Pyndus
,
which
theycal
Macedonus
.
How
be
it
fleeting
agayne
from
thence
into
Driopis
,
they
came
at
length
to
Poloponesus
,
&
were
surnamed
the
nation
Doricke
.
What
toung
or
language
the
Pelagians
vsed
,
I
cannot
certaynly
affyrme
but
by
gesse
yt
seemeth
to
haue
bene
the
verye
same
that
those
Pelasgians
vse
,
which
somewhat
aboue
the
Tyrrhenians
possesse
that
city
Crotona
in
time
neighbours
to
them
whom
the
now
call
Dores
:
at
what
tyme
they
peopled
a
region
in
Thessalye
,
the
like
may
be
gathered
by
those
Pelasgians
,
that
built
the
city
Plaecia
and
Sylax
,
and
were
in
league
&
felowship
with
the
Athenians
.
By
these
I
saye
wee
may
rightly
coniecture
,
that
the
language
which
was
then
in
vse
which
the
Pelasgians
was
very
grosse
and
barbarous
.
For
the
Cretoniatae
&
Platiens
differ
in
speech
from
those
that
lye
next
them
:
but
betweene
themselues
they
vse
both
one
toung
,
and
euidently
declare
,
that
they
kept
the
selfe
same
phrase
and
manner
of
talke
,
since
their
first
comming
into
those
countreys
.
So
that
if
al
the
people
of
Pelasges
were
such
,
they
also
that
dwelt
in
Attica
,
and
the
rest
of
the
Pelasgian
cityes
whatsoeuer
that
chaunged
their
name
at
their
first
arriual
into
Hellen
,
forgat
also
&
let
slip
out
of
memory
their
mother
tounge
.
But
the
Greekes
themselues
(
as
I
iudge
)
haue
without
chaunge
from
the
beginning
retained
Pelasgians
,
they
wer
very
weake
and
feeble
in
might
,
of
a
smal
and
tender
beginning
:
they
grew
to
great
increase
,
by
concurse
of
many
nations
,
and
huge
multitudes
of
the
Barbarians
repayring
thither
.
In
lyke
sort
I
suppose
that
the
people
of
Pelasgos
beyng
barbarous
remayned
at
a
stay
without
amplifyinge
and
augmenting
their
strength
and
gouermnent
.
Craesus
therfore
had
notice
that
the
countrye
of
Attica
was
inhabited
by
these
people
and
at
that
time
iniuriously
Athens
,
hys
father
beyng
a
priuate
man
and
bearyng
no
rule
in
the
common
weale
,
whilst
he
beheld
the
games
at
Olympus
,
yt
chaunced
hym
to
see
a
verye
straunge
and
most
wonderfull
miracle
.
For
hauing
prepared
sacrifyce
to
the
Goddes
,
the
chalderne
filled
with
flesh
and
water
,
without
any
fyre
vnder
it
.
boyled
and
played
in
such
sort
,
that
the
water
ran
ouer
the
brymmes
of
the
vessayl
which
thing
Chilon
a
Lacedaemonian
vewing
who
then
happily
was
present
,
gaue
him
counsayle
in
no
wyse
to
marye
a
wyfe
that
was
a
breeder
or
of
a
fruitful
wombe
:
and
if
so
be
he
were
already
maryed
,
hee
willed
him
to
forsake
and
renounce
his
wyfe
:
thyrdlye
if
by
her
he
were
indued
with
a
man
childe
to
make
ryddaunce
therof
and
conuay
it
away
.
But
Hipocrates
geuing
litle
care
to
his
tale
begat
afterward
Pisistratus
,
who
in
the
broyle
and
controuersie
betweene
the
inhabiters
of
that
shore
(
chiefe
wherof
was
Megacles
sonne
of
Alcmaeon
)
and
the
people
of
the
playne
(
who
had
to
their
captayne
Lycurgus
sprong
of
Aristolades
)
made
a
third
tumult
seeking
and
affecting
a
tyrannicall
and
vnlawful
gouernment
,
and
gatheryng
togeather
a
company
of
rebellions
and
seditious
persons
vnder
pretence
of
ayding
the
people
of
the
mountains
,
wrought
this
subtiltye
hauing
wounded
him selfe
and
hys
mules
he
came
flynging
amayne
into
the
market
place
with
Megara
,
at
what
tyme
being
generall
of
the
army
he
toke
Nysaea
and
atchieued
other
famous
&
valiant
actes
.
The
people
of
Athens
induced
to
beleue
him
appoynted
for
his
sauegard
&
custody
certain
choise
&
tryed
men
of
the
citezens
,
who
being
armed
not
with
spears
but
with
clubs
,
were
always
wayting
&
attendant
on
him
:
with
whom
Pisistratu●
geuing
a
violent
assault
to
the
town
,
&
chiefe
hold
of
the
city
,
toke
it
&
by
that
means
vsurped
that
empire
of
the
Athenians
.
Neuertheles
without
chaunge
or
alteration
of
magistraties
or
lawes
,
obseruing
stil
that
same
forme
of
gouernment
,
he
adorned
&
beautified
the
City
in
excellent
manner
.
But
he
had
not
long
enioyed
yt
when
as
the
souldiours
of
Megacles
and
Lycurgus
came
to
a
truce
and
conspiring
Pysistratus
,
first
aspire
to
the
chiefe
rule
of
Athens
,
which
he
was
eftsones
constrayned
to
leaue
,
before
his
tyrannye
had
taken
roote
.
They
tyme
was
not
long
after
but
hys
aduersaryes
renewed
their
quarel
,
and
fell
at
varyaunce
and
debate
a
fresh
,
wherwith
Megacles
being
tyred
,
dispatched
an
harrold
of
peace
to
Pisistratus
offring
him
his
daugher
in
meryage
with
condition
of
the
kingdome
.
Which
hee
not
refusing
,
they
deuysed
a
meanes
to
restore
him
againe
(
in
myfancy
)
very
fonde
and
ridiculous
,
especially
yf
these
men
(
beyng
of
the
number
of
the
Athenians
,
who
had
the
name
to
be
the
most
wyse
and
prudent
people
of
the
Graetians
)
pleased
themselues
onely
with
a
deuise
so
foolish
and
base
.
There
lyeued
in
the
Trybe
of
Paean
a
woman
named
Pysistratus
,
brought
him
in
displeasure
&
hatred
with
the
souldiours
:
which
thing
he
perceiuing
fled
the
countrey
,
and
came
to
Eretria
to
aske
counsayle
of
his
sonnes
.
Amongest
whom
the
sentence
of
Hyppias
seeming
to
be
the
best
wher
by
he
was
incited
once
again
to
lay
clayme
to
the
kingdom
,
they
made
a
gathering
throughout
all
cityes
,
with
whom
they
had
any
smal
acquayntance
:
many
of
the
which
made
liberall
contribution
,
&
especially
the
Thebans
.
In
fyne
to
comprise
the
matter
in
breefe
,
the
time
was
come
,
&
al
things
were
in
a
readines
for
his
returne
.
For
ou●
of
P●●oponnesus
there
resorted
to
him
certaine
Arguies
marching
vnder
pay
:
&
a
captayne
of
Naxos
named
Lygdamis
,
who
of
his
owne
accord
made
offer
of
his
seruice
being
very
wel
furnished
with
men
and
money
:
which
gaue
them
great
alacrity
and
encouragment
to
go
forward
in
their
attempts
.
In
so
much
as
setting
forth
from
Eretria
the
II.
yeare
after
his
flighte
from
Athens
,
fyrst
of
all
he
toke
the
citie
Marathon
in
Attica
,
wher
hauing
incamped
his
army
,
there
repayred
to
him
diuers
seditious
felowes
out
of
the
city
,
&
out
of
al
the
tribes
very
many
who
liked
better
a
tyrannical
empyre
than
a
free
state
.
Whlst
Pisistratus
leuied
many
for
his
affaires
,
&
held
himselfe
at
Marathon
the
Athenians
which
kept
within
the
city
,
made
light
of
the
matter
,
vntil
such
tyme
as
hearing
him
to
be
dislodged
from
thence
,
&
to
draw
towardes
the
citye
,
they
put
themselues
in
array
,
and
went
forth
to
encounter
hym
.
Wherfore
with
might
and
mayne
they
valiauntye
set
forward
to
mayntayne
and
defend
their
liberty
agaynst
the
enemy
.
Likewyse
Pisistratus
and
hys
confederates
came
fiercely
agaynst
the
city
till
both
the
armyes
met
ioyntlye
in
one
fielde
,
where
approachinge
neere
vnto
the
Temple
of
Mynerua
Pallenis
,
and
disposinge
all
hys
Armye
in
order
there
came
vnto
him
Amphilytus
Acarnen
a
prophet
,
who
being
inspired
with
a
deuine
motion
,
vttered
this
oracle
in
verse
.
The
bayte
is
layed
,
the
nets
are
cast
,
The
fish
inclosde
shall
play
apace
Which
Pisistratus
perceiuing
to
be
a
prophecye
of
hys
good
successe
immediately
gaue
the
●●cet
and
encountered
the
Athenians
which
were
come
forth
of
the
city
,
who
hauing
then
newly
dyned
,
and
beyng
partly
set
to
dice
,
partly
taken
with
sleepe
,
welny
without
resistaunce
he
put
them
to
flight
and
wanne
the
field
.
Neuertheles
in
the
pursuite
he
found
out
a
way
how
nether
the
Athenians
might
be
spoyled
in
such
sort
,
neyther
yet
ioyne
themselues
and
come
togeather
agayne
to
his
further
trouble
.
Wherefore
hauing
caused
certayne
of
his
seruauntes
to
mount
on
horsebacke
,
he
sent
them
spedely
after
the
people
to
bid
them
bee
of
good
courage
,
and
euery
one
to
depart
to
his
own
house
.
Whervnto
the
willingly
obaying
,
Pisistratus
raygned
the
thyrd
Athens
,
establishing
&
fortifying
the
tyranny
as
wel
by
supply
of
forrayne
power
,
as
by
reuenues
of
hys
money
which
he
leuyed
partly
from
his
owne
countrey
men
,
and
in
part
also
from
the
riuer
Strymon
.
In
like
manner
the
children
of
those
men
that
yeelded
not
the
fyrst
,
but
bare
the
brunt
of
the
battell
,
he
toke
in
hostage
and
sent
them
ouer
to
Napos
:
which
Isle
after
he
had
conquered
&
brought
in
subiection
he
committed
the
gouernment
&
administration
therof
to
Lygdanus
:
hauing
heretofore
also
halowed
&
purged
the
Isle
Delos
according
to
the
oracle
,
which
hee
clensed
in
this
sort
.
Out
of
all
those
places
that
weare
with
in
the
view
and
prospect
of
the
temple
he
caused
the
corses
and
deade
Bodyes
to
be
digged
vp
and
buryed
in
another
place
of
the
Island
.
In
this
wise
some
if
the
Athenians
beyng
slayne
in
battayle
,
other
fled
away
togeather
with
the
houshold
and
family
of
Megacles
.
Pisistratus
obtained
that
seat
roial
:
whom
Craesus
vnderstode
at
the
same
tyme
to
beare
rule
in
Athens
.
He
heard
moreouer
that
the
Lacedaemonians
,
hauing
escaped
a
scowring
,
were
triumphant
conquerous
ouer
the
Tegeates
.
For
in
the
raygne
of
Leon
and
Hegesicles
princes
of
Sparta
,
the
Lacedaemonians
hauing
right
good
euent
in
al
their
enterprises
and
affaires
,
were
commonly
repulsed
and
fayled
by
the
Tegeates
.
The
selfe
same
before
tyme
were
the
most
disordered
and
lawlesse
people
of
the
Graetians
,
vsing
no
community
or
felowship
eyther
betwene
themselues
or
with
straungers
.
Notwithstanding
they
were
reduced
to
a
more
orderlye
Sparta
.
Who
comming
to
the
oracle
at
Delphos
and
being
entered
into
the
temple
,
Pithya
saluted
him
in
these
termes
.
Welcome
vnto
my
pallace
noble
knight
,
Beloued
of
Ioue
and
those
that
rule
aboue
:
For
God
or
man
to
blase
thee
out
aright
Some
are
of
opinion
that
the
lawes
and
statutes
which
are
now
in
force
with
the
Lacedaemonians
,
were
vttered
&
told
him
by
Pythia
.
Howbeit
themselues
affyrme
that
Lycurgus
beyng
both
tutor
and
vucle
to
young
Leobotu●
Kynge
of
the
Spartans
brought
these
ordinances
out
of
Crete
.
For
no
sooner
was
he
instituted
gouernour
to
the
young
prince
,
but
he
chaunged
all
the
lawes
and
established
new
,
making
a
diligent
prouiso
that
no
man
should
break
them
.
He
made
also
decrees
for
warre
,
ordayning
the
society
of
the
twenty
magistrates
,
likewyse
the
colledge
or
fellow
of
the
thirtye
men
,
so
called
.
Lastly
he
distributed
and
deuyded
the
Citizens
into
trybes
and
companies
,
not
omitting
the
appointment
of
certayne
protectours
in
defence
of
the
commons
agaynst
the
noble
named
Tribuns
of
the
people
,
erectinge
moreouer
the
senate
and
counsayle
of
the
Ephor
,
with
an
order
of
other
sages
and
wyse
men
.
By
this
meanes
the
state
of
the
Lacedaemonians
was
reformed
by
Lycurgus
:
whom
after
his
death
by
the
building
vp
of
a
famous
temple
in
his
name
,
they
honoured
&
reuerenced
as
a
God
.
And
beynge
resident
in
a
countrey
verye
populous
and
plentifull
,
they
made
an
inrode
and
inuasion
into
other
regions
with
very
good
fortune
and
lucky
successe
in
battayle
.
Wherfore
as
professed
enemyes
to
peace
,
supposing
themselues
to
excell
the
Arcadians
in
might
and
courage
they
were
in
mind
to
denounce
warre
agaynst
Arcadye
askinge
in
that
case
the
aduyse
of
the
oracle
.
To
whom
Pythia
made
answeare
.
You
seeke
to
conquere
Arcadye
,
Your
suite
is
great
,
but
all
in
vayne
:
Where
many
men
contented
lye
,
By
acornes
swage
their
hungars
payne
.
As
hott
as
fire
,
as
hard
as
oke
Vnfit
to
beare
a
forreine
yoke
:
Yet
since
I
cannot
say
thee
nay
,
I
freely
yeeld
into
thy
hand
A
fertill
coast
and
fit
for
pray
This
answeare
geuen
,
the
Lacedaemonians
leauing
the
other
partes
of
Arcadie
leuied
a
power
against
the
people
of
Tegêa
,
carying
with
them
chaynes
and
fetters
,
in
full
hope
(
albeit
deceaued
by
the
double
meaning
of
the
oracle
)
to
haue
brought
them
into
captiuity
.
Notwithstandinge
,
hauing
coped
in
fight
with
the
enemy
they
were
forced
to
forsake
the
fielde
and
take
themselues
to
their
fete
.
Such
of
them
as
were
taken
in
the
chase
alyue
,
fast
bound
&
inchayned
in
the
same
gyues
which
they
brought
with
them
,
were
constrayned
to
measure
out
theire
dwellinges
in
the
playne
of
Tegêa
with
a
rope
ther
to
inhabite
.
The
fetters
wherwith
they
were
clogged
indured
welny
to
our
age
,
beyng
hung
vp
in
the
temple
of
Minerua
Alea
in
Tegêa
.
Thus
in
the
former
conflictes
and
battayles
the
Lacedaemonians
,
had
alwayes
the
worst
hand
of
the
people
of
Tegea
sa●e
in
the
tyme
of
Craesus
,
and
vnder
their
rulers
Anaxandrydes
and
Ariston
in
whose
raygne
and
dominion
they
ga●e
the
better
of
their
enemyes
in
this
sort
.
Aggreeued
at
their
often
foyles
and
continuall
repulces
receyued
by
their
aduersaryes
,
they
went
in
embassage
to
Delphos
to
witt
,
of
the
Oracle
,
which
of
all
the
Gods
they
might
please
,
to
become
conquerours
ouer
Tegêa
.
The
question
propounded
Pythia
willed
them
to
serch
out
the
bones
of
Orestes
sonne
of
Agamemnon
,
and
translate
them
into
their
countrey
.
But
being
ignorant
in
what
par
〈…〉
he
world
to
make
inquirye
they
e●tsones
returned
〈…〉
essengers
to
require
of
the
God
where
,
or
in
what
place
Orestes
lay
.
Whereto
answer
was
made
on
this
maner
.
In
Arcady
there
lyes
an
ample
coast
Tegêa
hyght
,
Where
two
wyndes
vse
to
blowe
,
Which
the
Lacedaemonians
hearyng
were
neuer
the
wyser
:
who
albeit
they
had
made
curious
search
aboute
him
neuertheles
they
found
him
not
.
Till
at
length
one
Lyches
a
Spartan
of
the
number
of
those
whiche
are
called
free
knightes
,
by
good
fortune
escryed
the
Tombe
.
These
free
Knightes
,
are
fyue
souldiours
of
the
Spartan
horsemen
,
wel
stricken
in
yeares
,
which
annually
haue
a
release
from
the
field
:
who
beyng
in
this
wyse
by
the
common
consent
of
the
horsemen
priuileged
and
dismissed
,
may
in
no
wyse
for
that
yeare
remayne
idle
,
but
are
employed
in
iourneys
and
voyages
,
some
one
way
,
some
another
.
One
of
these
was
the
forenamed
Lyches
,
who
by
the
helpe
aswel
of
a
currant
and
ready
wyt
as
of
a
gratious
and
prosperous
happe
,
came
to
knowledge
wher
Orestes
lay
.
For
this
beynge
the
yeare
wherein
the
people
of
Tegêa
and
Sparta
,
hadde
entercourse
of
marchaundise
one
with
an
other
,
by
fortune
comming
into
a
smiths
forge
he
behelde
the
smith
himselfe
working
on
yron
,
who
on
the
other
side
perceauing
Lyches
to
be
very
intentyue
and
in
maruailing
wyse
to
view
his
worke
:
a
li●●e
pausing
,
sayd
.
Thou
straunger
of
Lacedaemon
,
if
this
base
worke
in
yron
seeme
so
rare
in
thy
sight
:
thou
wouldest
much
more
haue
wondered
to
haue
seene
that
which
I
did
.
For
going
about
in
this
litle
court
to
dig
a
well
or
pit
for
water
,
yt
was
my
chaunce
to
light
vpon
a
sepuicher
7
cubites
long
.
Which
when
I
saw
,
supposinge
that
men
were
neuer
of
greater
stature
then
they
are
at
these
dayes
.
I
opened
the
C●ffyne
and
found
theriu
a
dead
Carkasse
of
equall
length
:
wherof
hauing
taken
measure
I
couered
it
agayne
.
Lyches
liftening
to
the
discourse
of
the
Smith
,
coniectured
by
the
oracle
that
it
should
be
Orestes
:
construinge
the
smithes
Bellowes
for
the
two
mynds
wherof
the
oracle
spake
,
the
hammer
and
anuyle
he
thought
to
be
the
two
formes
to
each
other
foes
:
and
one
blow
en●●y
to
an
other
he
t●ke
to
be
the
yron
wroughte
and
beaten
by
the
stroake
of
the
hammer
,
consideryng
that
yron
was
found
out
to
that
h●●t
and
damage
of
men
.
Pouderyng
these
thinges
with
himselfe
,
he
returned
to
Sparta
and
opened
the
matter
to
the
Lacedaemonians
who
perceiuing
the
case
to
be
likely
,
wrought
this
pretence
,
causing
of
set
purpose
a
quest
to
proceede
vppon
their
cicizen
Lyches
,
they
condemned
him
for
some
offence
,
and
banished
him
the
soyle
,
who
incontinently
retyryng
to
Tegêa
,
and
lamenting
his
miserable
case
to
the
smyth
,
couenaunted
with
him
for
the
hyre
of
his
base
court
,
for
asmuch
as
he
refused
altogeather
to
alienate
it
from
himselfe
,
and
sell
it
outryght
.
Wher
hauing
made
his
abode
for
certaine
daies
he
discouered
the
sepulcher
,
and
taking
out
Orestes
bones
,
stale
priuily
away
and
came
to
Sparta
.
From
that
tyme
forward
the
Lacedaemonians
ioyning
battaile
with
Tegêa
,
remayned
victors
,
and
alwayes
after
obtayned
the
glory
of
that
field
,
hauing
besydes
a
great
part
of
Peloponnesus
in
their
power
and
dominion
.
Of
al
which
thinges
Cresus
not
ignoraunt
,
furnished
an
Lacedaemonians
,
wheras
I
am
prouoked
by
the
Gods
to
enter
league
and
frendship
with
the
Graetians
,
amongest
whom
you
haue
the
report
to
be
the
most
warlike
and
valiaunt
.
I
deemed
it
conuenient
(
without
fraude
or
gūile
,
to
desire
your
ayde
and
assistauuce
in
the
enterpryse
which
I
haue
in
hand
.
The
Lacedaemonians
right
glad
&
ioyous
of
theyr
arryuall
and
gentle
entreaty
,
hauing
also
intelligence
of
the
oracle
,
entered
bands
with
them
of
perpetual
hospitality
and
frendship
.
Beyng
also
not
vnmyndful
of
the
bounty
of
kyng
Craesus
shewed
before
tyme
towards
their
nation
.
For
hauing
sent
to
Sardis
for
prouision
of
golde
,
to
make
the
ymage
of
Apollo
,
which
is
situated
in
Thornax
a
part
of
the
Lacons
countrey
.
Craesus
without
counterchaunge
freely
bestowed
the
gold
vppon
them
.
For
which
cause
,
the
Lacedaemonians
in
that
also
principally
aboue
the
rest
of
that
Craecians
he
had
made
choyse
of
their
amity
,
willingly
assented
and
declared
themselues
to
be
readye
at
all
assayes
.
Lykewyse
to
auoyd
ingratitude
:
in
lue
of
his
presentes
they
returned
vnto
hym
a
brasen
Vessell
,
wroughte
about
the
brymmes
wich
the
pictures
of
diuerse
wylde
beastes
,
containing
the
measure
of
30
Amphorae
,
which
for
one
of
these
causes
that
we
shal
alleage
,
was
neuer
brought
to
Sardis
.
The
Lacedaemonians
testify
,
that
the
vessel
beyng
in
voyage
to
Sardis
,
was
intercepted
by
that
people
of
Samos
,
wher
they
lay
at
rode
.
The
Samians
assayling
them
by
a
fleete
of
gallies
.
Contrariwise
they
of
Samos
affyrme
,
that
the
Lacedaemonians
beynge
in
the
waye
to
Sardis
,
and
hearyng
newes
that
Craesus
was
taken
,
and
the
whole
city
sacked
by
the
Persians
,
sold
the
vessel
to
certayne
priuate
:
men
of
Samos
,
who
made
dedication
therof
in
the
temple
of
Iuno
.
But
immediatly
returning
to
Sparta
,
they
fayned
themselues
to
be
robbed
by
the
Samyans
,
and
the
vessel
to
bee
taken
away
by
force
.
To
make
briefe
,
Craesus
deluded
by
the
oracle
,
prepared
an
armye
agaynst
Cappadocia
,
in
hope
to
subdue
Cyrus
,
and
Persia
.
Whilest
he
was
busied
in
these
affayres
,
a
certaine
Lydian
named
Sandanis
a
manne
of
singular
regarde
for
hys
wysedome
,
and
for
this
sentence
and
aduise
much
more
estemed
then
before
,
counsayled
the
king
on
this
manner
.
Thou
determinest
a
voyage
agaynst
those
(
O
king
)
which
are
wrapped
&
clothed
in
beastes
skynnes
:
not
farynge
as
they
would
,
but
as
they
can
,
abyding
in
a
region
vnfruitful
and
barreyne
.
Their
drink
is
water
not
wyne
,
their
chiefe
foode
is
figges
:
besides
the
which
they
haue
nothing
good
.
From
whom
as
thou
canst
take
nothing
if
thou
conquer
,
so
consider
I
beseech
thee
how
much
thou
shalt
leese
if
thou
be
conquered
,
if
once
they
tast
of
our
sweete
,
then
they
wil
dayly
swarme
about
vs
,
and
wil
neuer
be
driuen
from
vs
.
Truly
I
thanke
the
Gods
that
they
neuer
put
into
the
heads
of
that
Persians
to
inuade
the
Lydians
.
By
which
wordes
,
notwithstanding
he
litle
preuayled
with
Craesus
.
True
it
is
,
that
Lydia
,
were
far
from
all
elegancy
and
sumptuous
dayntines
.
Furthermore
the
Capadocians
were
called
by
the
Greekes
,
Syrians
.
Who
before
the
empyre
came
to
the
Persians
,
did
homage
to
the
Medes
,
but
at
that
present
acknowledged
Cyrus
for
theyr
Kinge
.
The
dominion
of
the
Medes
,
and
Lydyans
is
deuyded
and
sundered
by
the
ryuer
Halis
,
which
taking
his
Cilicians
,
and
secondly
the
Maciens
lying
on
the
ryght
hand
,
lastly
the
Phrygians
declyninge
towarde
the
least
,
after
this
,
wynding
to
the
North
pole
,
that
floweth
betweene
the
Cyrians
,
Cappadocians
,
and
Paphlagonians
,
waterynge
the
coast
of
Cappadocia
on
the
right
hande
,
and
the
borders
of
Paphlagonia
on
the
lefte
.
In
this
sort
the
floud
Halis
doth
part
and
distermine
all
them
hygh
places
of
Asia
,
from
the
sea
Cyprian
,
vnto
the
waters
of
the
Euxine
sea
the
backe
,
and
hinder
part
of
this
region
is
in
length
fyue
dayes
iourney
for
a
light
and
spedy
footeman
.
Craesus
therefore
speeding
himselfe
towarde
Cappadocia
,
was
greatlye
desyrous
both
to
ioyne
vnto
his
owne
kyngdome
a
land
so
battle
and
plentifull
,
and
then
also
to
Astyages
,
were
these
.
The
grasiers
of
Scithia
and
such
as
were
conuersant
in
reysing
and
breeding
cattel
Medes
,
at
what
tyme
the
Scepter
was
held
by
Cyaxares
,
sonne
of
Phraeortas
nephew
of
Deioses
.
To
whom
the
Scythians
humbling
themselues
were
at
the
begynninge
much
made
of
,
and
grewe
in
credite
and
fauoure
with
the
kinge
,
in
so
much
that
he
committed
to
their
charge
certayne
younge
ympes
to
instruct
in
the
Scithian
language
,
and
to
trayne
vp
in
the
art
and
facultye
of
shootinge
.
In
tract
of
tyme
the
Haliattes
,
whom
Cyaxares
rechalinging
,
&
Haliattes
refusing
to
surrender
and
yeelde
them
vp
,
ther
arose
warre
betweene
the
Medes
and
Lydians
which
indured
that
space
of
v.
yeares
.
In
the
which
their
broyle
and
discord
the
Medes
sometime
atchieuynge
the
conquest
,
it
happened
them
to
encounter
in
a
night
battell
.
For
in
the
sixt
yeares
the
armyes
comming
to
the
close
and
the
fight
being
equal
:
sodeinly
the
day
became
nighte
,
which
chaunge
and
alteration
Thales
Milesius
foretold
to
the
people
of
Ionia
presining
the
selfe
same
yeare
wherein
it
should
happen
.
The
Medes
and
Lydians
perceauing
the
day
to
be
ouercast
with
darkenesse
,
abandoned
the
field
:
and
by
meanes
of
Syennesis
of
Cilicia
,
and
Labynetus
of
Babilon
were
brought
Halyattes
.
supposing
the
condition
would
not
long
remayn
sound
and
inuiolate
,
were
it
not
confirmed
by
the
sure
and
infolluble
knot
of
alyaunce
.
In
stricking
league
and
concluding
peace
aswell
other
thinges
vsuall
to
the
Greekes
,
are
obserued
This
Astyages
graundfather
to
Cyrus
by
the
Mothers
side
was
by
him
held
prysoner
and
went
vnder
custody
,
for
such
cause
as
in
the
sequele
of
this
history
shal
bee
declared
:
Craesus
therefore
moued
with
displeasure
,
requyred
of
the
Oracle
whether
he
might
proclaime
war
agaynst
Persia
,
&
hauing
receiued
a
double
&
deceitful
answere
,
deeming
it
to
make
with
him
,
went
out
with
his
army
to
assaile
&
fight
against
a
certain
part
of
the
Persian
dominion
.
And
approching
neare
to
the
Riuer
Halis
(
as
I
iudge
)
hee
trailed
and
convewed
ouer
his
armye
by
brigges
built
vppon
the
water
:
but
as
some
of
the
Graecians
affyrme
,
hee
passed
the
ryuer
Thales
Milesius
who
deuised
another
way
.
For
Craesus
standing
at
a
bay
,
vncertayn
what
way
to
passe
the
water
(
for
asmuch
as
the
brygges
which
are
now
made
for
passage
as
then
were
none
at
al
)
Thales
Milesius
being
then
in
the
campe
,
inuented
a
meanes
to
chaunge
the
course
of
the
water
,
and
cause
the
ryuer
that
ranne
on
the
righte
side
of
the
army
to
flow
on
left
.
Hee
made
therefore
to
bee
dygged
a
mighty
deepe
trench
or
dytch
,
begynninge
aboue
the
tentes
,
and
procedinge
in
compas
lyke
a
Mone
on
the
backside
of
the
host
,
whereinto
the
water
hauing
issue
from
the
proper
chanel
,
became
so
low
and
fleet
,
that
the
ryuer
on
both
partes
was
passable
,
&
easy
to
be
waded
.
Some
holde
opinion
that
the
olde
course
of
the
riuer
was
hereby
wholly
altered
and
became
drye
,
from
whom
I
dissent
.
For
by
what
meanes
the
regresse
of
Craesus
into
Lydia
could
the
armye
haue
retyred
ouer
.
Craesus
hauing
recouered
the
other
syde
of
Halis
came
into
a
part
of
Cappadocia
named
Pteria
,
safely
situated
and
neere
adioyning
to
the
city
Synopis
that
lyeth
to
the
sea
Euxinum
,
where
hauing
encamped
his
whole
power
,
hee
spoyled
,
and
foraged
the
mannours
and
ferme
places
of
the
Syrians
,
subduinge
also
and
sacking
the
city
Pteria
.
More
ouer
he
vanquished
many
other
cityes
round
about
,
casting
out
the
Syrians
that
neuer
offended
hym
:
wherof
Cyrus
hauinge
aduertisement
gatheryng
an
armye
of
the
myddle
part
of
hys
countrey
,
&
came
out
to
meete
him
,
notwithstanding
,
first
he
sollicited
the
Iones
to
reuolt
from
Craesus
,
which
they
refusing
,
hee
Lydians
.
Where
the
Armyes
beyng
in
viewe
,
the
one
Armye
to
the
other
,
and
hauinge
geuen
signes
of
defyaunce
,
they
ioyned
in
force
and
cruell
battayle
,
wherein
many
beynge
slayne
on
eyther
syde
,
and
Nyght
drawyng
very
nere
,
they
blew
the
retrayte
,
the
victory
remayning
on
neyther
part
.
But
Craesus
laying
for
his
excuse
the
small
number
of
his
men
(
as
farre
exceeded
by
Cyrus
in
multitude
of
Souldiours
)
the
next
day
following
(
the
Persians
abstaining
from
battayle
)
he
moued
his
campe
and
repayred
backe
to
Sardis
,
in
mynd
to
summon
and
call
out
the
Aegiptians
according
to
couenaunt
,
with
whose
king
Amasis
he
had
concluded
a
league
before
euer
he
attempted
the
Lacedaemonians
,
purposing
besides
to
challenge
the
helpe
of
the
Babilonians
promised
and
auowed
to
him
by
league
and
composition
.
Not
forgetting
also
to
clayme
the
assistaunce
of
the
Lacedaemonians
,
appoynting
them
a
day
to
bee
present
at
Sardis
:
that
hauing
made
a
generall
assembly
of
all
his
power
,
and
taken
his
ease
that
winter
,
he
might
ymmediatlye
at
the
beginninge
of
the
next
springe
lay
charge
to
the
kingdome
of
Persia
by
a
new
and
fresh
assault
.
Whilst
hee
leueled
at
this
mark
,
he
sent
abroad
heroldes
to
his
league
fellowes
and
friendes
,
with
earnest
requeste
that
the
fifte
moneth
after
they
would
come
togeather
,
and
mete
at
Sardis
.
Lyke
wyse
the
souldiers
stipendary
,
which
hee
hyred
,
and
conducted
to
ayde
him
agaynst
the
Persians
,
he
disseuered
and
sent
away
:
nothing
doubtinge
least
Cyrus
(
with
whom
so
short
tyme
before
he
had
fought
euen
hand
&
with
out
disuantage
)
should
aduenture
to
come
nere
&
approche
to
Sardis
.
In
this
sort
reasoning
the
case
and
debating
with
himselfe
yt
fortuned
that
all
the
suburbes
&
places
conterminate
Craesus
,
who
before
their
returne
to
Sardis
was
taken
captyne
.
The
wyse
men
Telmisses
declared
Sardis
.
Cyrus
a
certayned
of
the
determination
of
Craesus
that
presently
after
the
conflict
at
Pteria
hee
was
in
purpose
to
disperse
&
scatter
his
army
,
thought
it
expedient
in
al
hast
possible
to
remoue
hys
host
to
Sardis
,
to
intercept
and
preuent
his
ennemy
,
or
euer
he
could
assemble
the
Lydians
agayne
,
which
aduise
he
altogeather
allowed
,
&
put
in
practise
and
spedely
arryuing
into
Lydia
with
his
power
was
hymselfe
a
messenger
unto
Craesus
of
his
comming
.
Craesus
cast
into
a
greate
pensiuenes
,
and
anguish
of
mynd
,
to
se
himselfe
so
farre
deceiued
of
his
accompt
:
notwithstanding
put
the
Lydians
in
array
to
battayle
.
At
that
tyme
there
was
no
nation
in
the
worlde
,
neyther
Lydians
,
who
commonly
warred
on
horseback
as
most
expert
&
nymble
in
ryding
:
weaponed
with
speares
of
a
meruailous
length
.
The
field
wherin
the
fight
was
committed
lyeth
before
the
citye
Sardis
:
through
the
which
,
both
other
ryuers
haue
a
pleasaunt
and
delyghtsome
course
,
and
chieflye
the
famous
ryuer
Hellus
,
flowynge
into
the
mayne
streame
called
Hermus
,
which
taking
hys
yssue
and
first
head
from
the
sacred
Mountayne
of
the
holye
mother
Dyndimena
,
ys
caryed
wholly
into
the
Sea
,
not
farre
from
the
City
Phocyas
.
In
this
field
Cyrus
beholding
the
Lydians
prepared
to
the
battayle
,
and
greatly
dreading
the
prowesse
and
puissaunce
of
theyr
horsemen
,
determined
by
the
counsayle
of
Harpagus
the
Mede
,
to
put
in
execution
this
straunge
deuise
.
hauing
Lydians
.
After
these
incontynently
followed
the
footemen
:
and
in
the
laste
ranke
were
placed
the
horsemen
,
into
whych
order
and
aray
hauing
directed
and
contryued
his
Armie
,
he
straightly
commaunded
them
to
spare
none
of
the
Lydians
,
but
whomesoeuer
they
found
to
make
resistaunce
,
him
to
dispatch
and
slay
presently
:
Craesus
onely
excepted
,
towards
whome
he
warned
that
no
violence
should
be
shewed
how
peruerslie
soeuer
he
behaued
himselfe
.
This
charge
geuen
,
he
caused
his
Camels
to
proceede
forward
agaynst
the
Lydian
ryders
,
to
this
ende
:
for
that
a
horse
is
very
much
afrayd
of
a
Camell
,
and
can
neither
away
Craesus
,
and
put
him
out
of
hope
.
But
the
Lydians
nothing
abashed
therat
as
hauing
learned
the
cause
,
alyghted
spedily
,
and
buckled
with
the
Persians
on
foote
,
tyll
at
length
manye
fallyng
on
ether
side
,
they
were
forced
to
flye
and
gard
them selues
with
the
walles
of
the
city
,
beyng
inuyroned
by
the
Persians
with
a
siege
:
which
siege
Craesus
supposing
to
put
of
and
delay
for
a
long
time
,
sent
other
messengers
from
the
walles
to
his
freyndes
and
confederates
:
hauinge
by
the
first
set
downe
and
prefyned
the
fift
moneth
ensuinge
for
the
tyme
of
their
assembly
.
Contrariwise
by
these
he
requested
and
desyred
mature
and
speedy
ayde
,
beyng
held
at
a
baye
,
and
inclosed
within
the
walles
and
gates
of
hys
citye
.
The
messengers
vndertoke
a
speedy
course
,
as
well
to
other
nations
as
to
the
Lacedemonians
his
assured
frendes
.
It
fortuned
that
at
the
same
tyme
,
there
fell
a
strife
Argos
,
about
a
certayne
field
called
Thyrea
,
which
grounde
,
albeit
properly
belonging
to
the
Arguies
,
was
vnlawfullye
helde
backe
and
retayned
by
the
Spartans
.
For
what
land
soeuer
in
the
mayne
bendeth
and
inclyneth
toward
the
West
,
as
farre
as
Malea
is
peculier
and
appertinent
to
the
Argiues
with
the
tytle
also
and
dominion
of
certayne
Isles
,
in
the
number
wherof
is
reckoned
Cythera
.
Therfore
the
people
of
Argos
gathering
an
army
for
the
recouerye
of
theire
owne
territory
and
freedome
:
they
fel
to
condition
for
the
matter
to
be
tryed
out
by
cōbratry
of
three
hundred
choise
men
on
eyther
syde
consenting
and
agreeing
that
the
right
of
the
lande
should
follow
the
victorers
.
Prouiding
moreouer
that
both
the
armyes
should
forsake
the
field
and
retyre
home
:
least
beynge
presente
they
might
be
moued
to
succour
the
part
that
was
most
distressed
The
couenant
ratifyed
and
confirmed
betwene
them
,
they
departed
each
to
theyr
owne
cityes
.
The
partyes
syngled
out
,
and
delected
from
both
armyes
,
remayning
behynd
,
gaue
byter
assault
each
to
other
,
&
continued
the
combate
til
such
tyme
as
of
sixe
hundred
,
there
were
left
but
three
men
alyue
the
battayle
beynge
interupted
and
broken
of
by
the
nere
approach
and
comming
of
the
euening
.
The
remaynētes
were
these
.
Two
of
the
Argyues
,
Aleinor
,
and
Chromius
,
who
in
manner
of
conquerours
hastened
their
steps
to
Argos
one
of
the
Lacedaemonians
named
Othryades
who
dispoyling
the
deade
bodyes
of
the
Argyues
,
caried
their
weapons
to
his
tentes
keping
himselfe
in
his
due
order
and
array
.
The
next
day
the
cause
beyng
known
,
the
people
of
both
Cityes
were
present
in
the
field
laying
equall
clayme
to
the
victory
.
The
Argyues
,
for
that
the
men
on
their
syde
escaped
,
and
remayninge
aliue
were
more
in
number
.
The
Lacedaemonians
,
for
that
the
Argyues
fled
the
field
,
and
their
men
onely
abode
behynde
,
taking
the
spoyle
of
his
slayne
enemyes
.
Incontinently
fallyng
from
sowre
woordes
to
sad
blowes
,
many
were
lost
on
both
partes
and
the
conquest
atchieued
by
the
Lacedaemonians
.
Since
which
time
the
people
of
Argos
shauing
their
heads
(
wheras
of
necessity
before
time
they
nourished
their
hayre
)
made
a
law
with
a
solemne
and
religious
vowe
,
neuer
to
suffer
their
lockes
to
grow
,
or
their
women
to
weare
gold
before
they
had
recouered
the
field
of
Thyrea
.
On
the
other
side
the
Lacedaemonians
decreed
from
that
tyme
forward
to
goe
long
headed
contrary
to
their
former
vse
&
custome
.
But
Othryades
the
onely
suruiuour
of
300.
Spartans
,
moued
with
shame
and
greefe
,
that
the
rest
of
hys
company
were
vanquished
by
the
Argyues
with
his
owne
handes
ended
his
owne
lyfe
in
the
field
of
Thyrea
.
Whyle
these
thinges
were
fresh
at
Sparta
,
the
Lydian
herauld
arryued
to
intreat
ayde
and
helpe
for
Craesus
,
whom
they
hauing
heard
,
thought
meete
without
delay
to
assyste
,
and
succoure
him
.
Wher●●ore
puttynge
themselues
in
a
readines
and
being
at
the
point
to
take
shipping
to
Sardis
:
there
came
another
messenger
with
newes
,
that
the
wall
&
bulwarke
of
the
Lydians
was
scald
,
and
Craesus
himselfe
taken
alyue
.
Wherat
the
Lacedaemonians
greatly
greued
esteeming
themselues
to
haue
suffered
no
small
losse
,
altered
the
intent
of
their
purposed
voyage
.
Furthermore
the
conquest
and
winning
of
Sardis
,
was
in
this
sort
.
Cyrus
hauing
layne
at
a
siege
the
space
of
14.
dayes
,
sent
coursers
about
his
army
,
and
propounded
a
great
reward
to
him
that
first
scaled
the
city
wall
,
which
beyng
oftentimes
in
vayne
enterprysed
by
the
whole
armye
:
when
the
rest
were
quiet
,
a
certain
Mardane
by
name
Hyraeades
,
sought
speedy
meanes
to
ascend
and
clymbe
the
wall
on
that
part
which
was
naked
and
vndefended
of
the
Lydians
:
neuer
fearyng
or
suspecting
least
the
citye
should
be
taken
on
that
side
,
which
for
the
roughnesse
and
craggines
therof
was
demed
inuincible
.
On
which
syde
onely
Meles
first
kynge
of
Leo
:
The
wise
men
of
Telmisses
holding
opinion
that
vppon
what
part
of
the
walles
soeuer
this
Leo
passed
,
they
shoulde
become
inexpugnable
,
and
not
to
be
vanquished
.
Meles
therfore
by
all
partes
of
the
citye
walles
wherby
any
daungerous
assault
mighte
laye
to
the
Towne
,
lead
and
trayned
hys
vnlawful
sonne
:
omitting
that
syde
only
which
lieth
toward
Tmolus
,
for
that
he
thought
it
to
be
of
power
and
strength
sufficient
agaynst
the
vyolent
charge
and
counterpease
of
the
enemy
.
From
this
part
the
Mardane
Hyraeades
hauinge
marked
a
Lydian
descending
the
day
before
to
recouer
his
helmet
thither
tombled
downe
,
considered
with
hymselfe
,
and
began
to
attempt
the
lyke
.
After
whom
followed
other
of
the
Persians
,
who
consequently
wer
pursued
by
the
rest
in
great
routes
and
multitudes
.
By
which
meanes
the
citye
Sardis
was
taken
and
sacked
.
Amids
this
distresse
and
〈…〉
eame
misery
ther
chaunced
to
Craesus
a
verye
rare
and
straunge
miracle
:
hauinge
a
dumbe
sonne
of
whom
wee
made
mention
before
,
hee
toke
greate
care
and
wroughte
all
meanes
possible
,
whyle
hys
kingdome
flourished
to
recure
his
malladye
,
approuinge
and
trying
aswell
other
thinges
,
as
also
the
aduyse
and
sentence
of
the
oracle
.
To
whose
demaund
Pythia
made
this
aunswere
.
Thou
vnaduysed
Lydian
King
what
makes
thee
take
such
care
To
yeeld
vnto
thy
silent
sonne
the
freedome
of
his
toung
?
The
gayne
God
wot
is
not
so
greate
thou
mayst
it
wel
forbeare
:
The
day
drawes
on
when
he
shall
speake
,
for
which
thou
nedes
not
long
,
Now
the
walles
beynge
taken
a
certayne
souldiour
of
the
Persians
came
vyolently
towards
Craesus
to
haue
done
him
to
death
,
not
supposing
him
to
haue
bene
the
king
.
Whom
he
perceyuinge
,
neuerthelesse
regarded
not
the
daunger
Hold
thy
handes
(
Good
fellow
)
slay
not
king
Craesus
.
Which
beyng
the
first
wordes
that
euer
he
spake
,
hee
had
alwaies
after
the
ready
vse
and
practise
of
his
toung
.
Thus
Craesus
and
hys
city
Sardis
,
after
he
had
raygned
14.
years
and
abiden
so
many
dayes
siege
,
fell
into
the
hands
and
power
of
the
Persians
:
hauing
lost
a
great
kingdome
,
accordyng
Cyrus
,
who
causing
his
hands
&
feete
to
be
clogged
with
great
&
waighty
giues
of
yron
,
set
him
in
the
midst
of
a
woodpile
,
made
for
the
nonce
accompanied
with
14.
children
of
the
Lydians
:
determining
to
offer
these
first
fruites
to
the
Gods
ether
for
perfourmance
&
accomplishment
of
some
vow
or
for
profe
or
tryall
whether
any
of
the
Gods
(
vnto
whose
honor
&
seruice
he
vnderstode
Craesus
to
be
greatly
addicted
)
woulde
saue
&
deliuer
him
from
the
fyre
.
These
things
are
commonly
spred
&
reported
of
Cyrus
.
In
this
most
yrksome
&
lamentable
case
whiles
the
kynge
Solon
:
who
lead
by
the
diuine
instinct
of
some
heauenly
influence
,
had
told
hym
before
that
in
the
number
of
the
liuinge
,
there
was
no
man
so
singular
that
might
be
named
happy
.
Wherof
beyng
admonished
in
his
mynd
,
and
fetching
from
the
bottom
of
his
hart
a
deepe
and
streyning
sigh
,
by
report
wept
bitterly
,
&
three
sundrye
tymes
cryed
out
aloude
vppon
the
name
of
Solon
,
which
Cyrus
hearing
willed
the
interpreters
to
aske
hym
whom
he
called
vppon
.
To
whom
Craesus
made
no
an
sweare
at
all
,
vntil
such
tyme
as
beynge
compelled
by
constraynt
,
he
sayd
.
I
named
him
whom
I
had
rather
then
al
the
wealth
in
the
worlde
,
hee
had
lykewyse
talked
with
all
those
who
beynge
placed
in
the
hyghest
degree
of
honoure
haue
the
chiefe
gouernment
of
the
kingdomes
on
Earth
,
which
woordes
for
that
hee
vttered
not
halfe
playnlye
,
and
to
the
cleare
and
perfyt
vnderstanding
of
those
which
were
attentyue
,
and
listened
vnto
hym
,
they
vrged
him
a
fresh
to
make
a
recytall
therof
agayne
.
At
whose
instant
and
importunate
halinge
beynge
now
constrayned
to
begynne
his
speech
anew
,
he
told
them
how
a
long
tyme
synce
Solon
an
Athenian
,
arriued
at
his
court
:
who
beholding
his
infinite
treasure
&
aboundance
of
wealth
made
verye
light
accompt
thereof
as
a
thinge
of
smal
and
base
value
,
in
so
much
that
whatsoeuer
he
had
spoken
and
pronounced
of
hym
,
the
same
in
due
measure
had
fallen
out
and
comen
to
euent
.
Which
thinges
neuerthelesse
,
were
not
peculiarly
spoken
by
hym
but
generally
of
the
whole
nation
and
company
of
men
:
and
chiefly
of
those
which
please
themselues
here
on
earth
in
a
pleasaunt
dreame
and
singular
contentment
of
happy
blisse
.
Whyles
Craesus
spake
these
thinges
,
and
the
fagottes
had
taken
fyre
on
euery
syde
:
Cyrus
vnderstandynge
by
the
expositers
But
sodainly
lifting
vp
his
head
and
vewing
the
Persian
souldiers
spoyling
and
ryflyng
the
citye
.
Whether
shall
I
speake
my
mynd
(
noble
Cyrus
sayde
hee
)
and
vtter
that
I
thinke
,
or
holde
my
peace
at
this
present
and
say
nothinge
:
But
beyng
lycenced
to
speake
freely
and
without
feare
,
he
asked
him
saying
.
Wherin
is
al
this
company
so
busily
conuersaunt
:
or
what
seeke
they
to
do
:
of
a
truth
(
quoth
Cyrus
)
naught
else
but
to
pole
,
and
dispoile
the
city
,
and
make
a
hand
of
thy
riches
and
treasure
.
To
whom
Cresus
answeryng
:
neyther
do
they
wast
my
city
mighty
prince
(
sayd
he
)
nor
consume
my
goods
,
(
for
the
righte
of
these
thinges
is
no
longer
myne
)
but
they
are
thy
goods
which
they
trayle
and
lugge
aboute
,
and
al
this
wealth
pertayueth
to
thee
:
vpon
which
wordes
the
king
aduysinge
hymselfe
drewe
Craesus
asyde
from
the
company
,
and
demaunded
of
him
what
he
thought
meet
to
be
done
in
this
case
.
Who
replyed
saying
.
For
asmuch
as
it
hath
pleased
the
Gods
to
make
mee
thy
ser
〈…〉
.
I
hold
it
my
duty
whatsoeuer
I
shal
perceiue
more
then
thy selfe
to
make
thee
priuy
and
a
counsaile
therto
.
The
Persians
(
quoth
he
)
are
a
croked
generation
,
and
of
nature
peruerse
and
stubburne
:
yet
neuertheles
,
verye
bare
and
beggerly
,
whom
if
in
this
sort
thou
securely
permit
to
ryg
and
ransacke
cityes
,
and
recouer
store
&
plentye
of
wealth
,
I
feare
me
that
as
euery
one
groweth
to
greattest
aboundaunce
,
hee
will
sonest
slipp
the
coller
,
and
become
of
a
true
subiect
,
a
trayterous
rebell
.
Wherefore
yf
thou
wilt
follow
my
counsayle
do
this
.
Place
at
euery
gate
of
the
city
certayn
of
thy
gard
with
precise
commaundement
that
no
goods
be
caryed
out
of
the
Citye
,
pretending
of
the
tenth
parte
therof
to
make
an
oblation
and
sacrifice
to
Iupiter
:
which
doing
thou
shalt
neyther
purchase
their
displeasure
by
takyng
away
the
wealth
:
and
themselues
acknowleging
the
intent
to
bee
good
,
wil
easily
condiscend
,
and
bee
pleased
therwith
.
This
counsayle
greatly
lyked
king
Cyrus
:
wherfore
hauinge
in
lyke
sorte
disposed
and
setled
,
his
Garde
as
Craesus
had
warned
him
,
to
him selfe
he
speake
in
termes
as
followeth
.
My
good
Craesus
,
whereas
thou
art-a
kinge
,
and
by
nature
My
soueraygne
Lorde
(
quoth
Craesus
)
I
shall
esteeme
my selfe
hyghlye
benefyted
by
your
Grace
,
yf
by
your
maiestyes
leaue
and
sufferaunce
I
may
sende
these
my
letters
to
the
Gods
in
Greece
.
Demaundinge
whether
it
were
lawful
for
him
in
this
order
to
double
with
his
freyndes
.
But
Cyrus
requesting
to
know
the
cause
that
set
him
so
farre
out
of
fauour
with
Apollo
:
hee
brake
out
,
and
rypt
vp
the
matter
from
the
begynning
,
declaryng
vnto
him
the
Oracles
which
were
geuen
,
and
chiefly
hys
offeryngs
wheron
he
presumed
to
denounce
warre
agaynst
Persia
.
After
a
large
rehersal
made
as
touching
all
these
thinges
,
he
returned
to
his
former
sute
,
requestyng
the
Kinge
that
it
might
be
lawful
for
him
to
challenge
the
God
for
these
matters
,
and
cast
them
in
his
teeth
.
To
whom
Cyrus
smylyng
,
sayd
.
Not
this
onely
(
O
Craesus
)
but
what
else
soeuer
shal
be
gaunted
to
thee
,
and
not
at
this
tyme
alone
,
but
as
oft
as
it
shall
lyke
thee
to
make
petition
.
Leaue
obtayned
)
he
forthwith
dispatched
certayne
men
of
the
Lydyans
to
Delphos
,
with
charge
,
that
laying
the
gyues
at
the
entry
of
the
temple
,
they
shoulde
question
with
Apollo
yf
hee
were
not
ashamed
to
delude
and
cousyne
Craesus
,
with
his
fraudulent
and
deceitful
Oracles
:
making
him
to
assaulte
the
Persians
in
hope
to
vanquish
the
power
of
Cyrus
,
of
which
his
hoped
victory
,
these
were
the
first
fruites
:
commaunding
them
therwith
to
shew
him
the
manacles
,
with
the
which
beyng
first
captiue
,
he
had
bene
chayned
.
Moreouer
to
aske
him
,
whether
the
Graecian
Gods
had
a
priuilege
and
peculiar
liberty
,
aboue
the
rest
to
bee
ingrate
and
vnthankful
to
their
friendes
.
The
Lydians
arryued
at
Delphos
,
and
declaryng
theyr
messuage
,
Pythia
made
them
Notwithstandinge
Apollo
by
al
meanes
endeuouringe
to
cause
the
fal
of
Sardis
to
light
on
the
posterity
of
Craesus
,
not
vpon
himselfe
:
for
all
this
could
not
prolong
or
alter
the
inchaungeable
race
of
destenye
:
but
dispensinge
therewith
as
much
as
might
be
,
in
some
part
he
requyted
his
curtesy
by
deferryng
the
battery
and
conquest
of
Sardis
for
terme
of
three
yeares
.
It
is
meete
therefore
that
Craesus
knowe
,
how
his
seat
imperiall
came
three
years
later
to
ruine
then
was
determined
and
appoincted
by
fatall
necessity
.
Agayne
it
was
no
small
benefite
that
he
saued
him
from
frying
at
a
stake
,
for
as
touthing
the
oracle
he
hath
no
cause
to
complain
being
forewarned
by
Apollo
that
furnishinge
an
armye
against
Persia
he
should
ouerturne
and
destroy
a
great
Empyre
.
Of
this
sayinge
if
in
case
he
had
bene
better
aduysed
it
was
his
part
to
haue
enquyred
of
Apollo
what
empyre
he
meant
,
whether
his
owne
gouernment
,
or
the
kingdome
and
principality
of
Cyrus
.
But
the
prophecy
beyng
neither
sufficiently
pondered
by
himselfe
nor
sought
to
be
discussed
,
if
any
thing
happened
otherwyse
then
he
would
and
wished
for
:
let
him
thanke
hym selfe
and
not
blame
the
God
.
Now
for
that
he
aleageth
besydes
the
sentence
of
Apollo
as
concerning
the
Mule
:
it
was
better
sayd
by
the
God
,
Mede
,
daughter
to
Astyages
,
kynge
of
the
Medes
.
The
other
a
Persian
,
and
in
homage
and
subiection
to
the
Medes
,
who
beyng
a
man
of
base
account
,
and
verye
meane
regard
,
neuerthelesse
crept
into
fauour
,
and
wedded
the
daughter
of
his
soueraygne
liege
.
The
Lydians
thus
aunsweared
by
Pythia
,
made
their
spedy
regresse
to
Sardis
declaring
to
Craesus
what
they
had
hearde
.
Wherby
he
came
to
confesse
that
the
blame
rested
in
his
owne
folly
,
and
was
vniustly
and
without
cause
imputed
to
Apollo
.
It
suffyceth
therfore
to
haue
spoken
this
of
the
dominion
and
rule
of
Craesus
,
ann
by
what
meanes
hee
first
vanquished
&
subdued
Ionia
.
Furthermore
besides
those
which
before
are
mentioned
:
many
other
notable
presentes
were
offered
by
this
king
which
are
yet
apparant
,
&
to
be
seene
in
Greece
.
For
at
the
Citye
Thebs
in
Boaetia
there
is
a
table
of
three
feete
all
of
Gold
dedicated
vnto
Apollo
Ismenius
.
Certayne
young
heighfers
also
wroughte
of
Gold
,
with
sundry
pillers
of
the
same
kynde
.
Lykewyse
in
the
entrey
and
porch
of
the
temple
there
is
to
be
seene
an
huge
sheyld
of
solide
golde
.
All
which
were
extant
,
and
remayning
euen
vntil
our
age
.
Albeit
,
by
length
of
tyme
many
were
consumed
and
brought
to
decay
.
As
for
the
gyftes
he
bestowed
at
Branchidae
(
as
farre
as
we
can
learne
)
they
were
nothinge
inferiour
to
them
in
value
which
were
sent
to
Delphos
.
Notwithstanding
as
wel
those
which
hee
presented
at
Delphos
,
as
also
the
other
that
were
geuen
to
the
temple
of
Amphiaraus
were
of
his
owne
propre
and
hereditary
substaunce
,
the
first
fruites
of
his
fathers
possessions
:
as
for
the
rest
which
in
lyke
maner
he
consecrated
were
of
the
wealth
and
substaunce
of
his
enemy
:
who
before
Craesus
aspyred
to
the
crowne
was
of
the
secte
and
faction
of
Pantaleon
.
For
this
Pantaleon
also
had
to
father
Halyattes
and
was
brother
to
Craesus
but
by
sundrye
women
,
the
mother
of
Craesus
beynge
of
Caria
,
the
other
of
Ionia
.
no
soner
was
Craesus
indued
with
the
soueraygntye
but
hee
toke
his
enemy
that
constantly
withstode
him
,
&
drawing
hym
asyde
into
a
fullers
shoppe
,
he
bereft
hym
of
his
life
:
whose
goods
before
hand
vowed
to
the
immortal
Gods
hee
made
consecration
of
in
those
places
wherereof
wee
spake
before
.
And
thus
much
as
concerning
his
liberalitie
and
magnificency
vsed
toward
the
Gods
.
Now
as
touching
the
countrey
of
Lydia
,
there
is
nothing
therof
recounted
worthy
admiration
like
as
of
other
Egyptian●
,
and
Babylonians
)
to
witte
,
the
tombe
of
Halyattes
father
to
Craesus
.
The
foundation
or
grounde
wherof
is
of
mighty
greate
stone
,
the
rest
of
the
sepulcher
of
earth
and
mould
cast
vp
and
heaped
togeather
in
forme
of
a
mount
,
finished
and
brought
to
perfection
by
the
toyle
and
payne
of
certayn
day
men
,
and
hyred
labourers
,
beyng
holpen
therin
and
assisted
by
maydes
of
the
countrey
.
In
the
toppe
or
highest
part
of
the
Tombe
ther
appeared
in
our
dayes
fyue
limits
or
seuerall
precinctes
and
borders
declaryng
by
letters
therin
ingrauen
how
much
euery
one
had
wrought
and
done
,
wherby
it
was
euident
by
measure
taken
that
the
greatest
part
therof
was
built
vp
and
framed
by
the
labour
and
handyworke
of
the
maides
.
For
the
daughters
of
the
Lydians
,
are
al
prostitute
and
common
vntill
such
tyme
as
by
the
vse
of
their
bodies
they
haue
gayned
and
collected
Gygaeus
,
and
thus
much
of
the
tombe
.
The
lawes
which
the
Lydians
vse
are
almost
Grecians
,
alleaging
that
togeather
,
&
at
the
same
tyme
they
deuysed
these
thinges
:
and
made
a
drauft
and
sequestration
of
theire
countreimen
whom
the
sente
to
inhabite
and
possesse
a
part
&
portion
of
Hetruria
The
meanes
also
and
occasion
they
affyrme
to
haue
bene
these
.
In
the
tyme
of
Atis
sonne
of
kinge
Manes
there
was
a
great
scarsity
and
dearth
of
vittayles
,
throughout
the
whole
Lydia
.
In
the
beginning
wherof
the
Lydians
iustained
themselues
by
day
laboure
,
and
continual
toyle
,
but
after
fyndinge
the
famyne
to
encrease
,
they
sought
other
shiftes
and
deuysed
meanes
whereby
to
allay
and
diminish
the
greate
distresse
&
intollerable
rage
of
hungar
,
whereof
arose
the
gallaunt
deuise
of
playinge
at
Chesses
:
also
dyce
But
hauing
no
release
of
their
miserye
,
and
perceiuing
the
dearth
&
penury
nothing
at
all
to
surcease
:
the
king
deuyded
Lydia
,
&
departed
not
the
listes
of
their
natiue
countrey
,
the
king
himself
held
the
chiefe
rule
and
gouernment
:
placing
ouer
the
rest
his
sonne
for
their
Lord
and
principal
whom
he
called
Terrhenus
.
Furthermore
they
vnto
whom
the
lot
fell
to
relinquish
and
leaue
the
region
,
held
their
way
to
Smyrna
:
where
hauing
built
shippes
such
as
were
fyttest
and
most
conueniente
for
caryage
:
they
toke
the
sea
to
seeke
both
seates
and
sustenaunce
.
Vntil
such
tyme
as
hauing
passed
manye
nations
,
they
came
to
the
Vmbrians
,
wher
founding
and
building
vp
cityes
they
made
their
abode
,
and
dwel
their
to
this
day
Lydians
,
with
the
name
of
theyr
kinges
sonne
whom
they
had
theyr
prince
and
guide
,
beyng
after
called
Tirrhenians
.
But
sufficeth
it
vs
to
know
that
the
Lydians
were
subduediand
brought
in
subiection
by
the
Persians
.
It
resteth
Craesus
.
Consequently
by
what
meanes
the
Persians
atchieued
the
principality
and
rule
of
Asia
,
wherin
I
wil
alleage
that
of
which
the
Persians
themselues
are
authors
:
who
set
downe
vnto
vs
a
playne
and
euident
truth
,
not
seeking
by
the
vayne
florysh
and
pompe
of
wordes
to
augment
the
noble
and
valiant
actes
of
theyr
famous
kynge
.
Cyrus
.
Right
wel
knowing
that
alother
historyans
which
make
report
of
the
same
king
are
found
to
vary
in
three
sundrye
tales
.
The
Assyrians
hauing
held
the
dominion
of
Asia
the
higher
for
terme
of
520
yeares
,
the
fyrst
that
made
insurrection
Medes
,
who
behauing
themselues
manfullye
and
couragiouslye
in
the
behalfe
of
their
liberty
shoke
of
the
yoke
of
bandage
,
&
deliuered
them selues
from
the
slauery
and
seruitude
of
their
gouerners
,
whose
example
also
other
nations
immediatly
followed
&
attempted
the
like
,
in
so
much
that
al
the
people
of
the
mayne
Medes
,
a
man
of
rare
&
singular
virtue
named
Deioces
sonne
of
Phraortes
:
Who
determining
to
atchieue
the
supremisie
framed
in
his
head
this
conceipte
.
The
Medes
dwelling
here
and
there
,
scattered
by
villages
,
Deioces
in
very
good
credite
beforetyme
began
more
strictly
and
seuerelye
to
obserue
iustice
,
and
follow
equitye
then
earst
he
was
accustomed
:
for
that
he
saw
the
Medes
vniuersally
addicted
to
liberty
and
licentiousnes
,
and
assuryng
him selfe
that
iniury
and
wrong
were
flatly
contrary
and
repugnant
to
right
.
The
people
that
dwelt
in
the
same
village
takinge
diligent
heede
to
his
manners
,
appoynted
hym
a
iudge
to
decide
their
controuersies
.
But
hee
(
as
hauing
an
eye
to
the
seate
royall
and
kingdome
of
the
Medes
kept
the
sincere
rule
of
Iustice
and
swarued
not
one
ynche
from
lawe
and
equity
.
Which
doing
,
besydes
that
he
reaped
no
small
prayse
of
his
neyghbours
and
acquayntance
,
he
had
resort
also
and
repayre
to
him
by
those
that
dwelt
in
other
places
,
and
in
tyme
welny
from
all
places
of
the
realme
,
who
moued
with
the
good
report
,
and
fame
of
hys
Iustice
,
came
in
flockes
,
adhibiting
Deioces
for
an
arbitratour
in
When
the
numbers
of
his
Clientes
were
encreased
,
knowing
all
causes
to
be
iustly
determined
and
taken
vp
by
him
Deioces
perceauinge
himselfe
to
bee
the
onely
man
for
the
whole
countrey
,
precisely
refused
ether
to
abyde
any
longer
there
where
earst
he
was
wont
to
administer
iustice
,
or
at
all
to
intermedle
and
deale
with
anye
causes
,
alleagynge
the
it
was
smally
to
hys
profite
to
spend
whole
dayes
in
determination
and
arbitrement
of
other
mens
causes
,
omitting
the
care
of
his
owne
houshold
,
and
priuate
affayres
.
Wherfore
robbery
spoyle
,
vyolence
,
and
all
kynde
of
villany
beyng
now
more
freely
and
with
greater
impunity
in
eeuery
place
committed
then
euer
before
:
the
Medes
assemblyng
a
general
counsayle
,
began
to
deliberate
and
consult
as
touching
the
state
and
condition
of
theircommon
weale
.
Where
(
as
I
am
brought
to
thinke
)
the
friends
and
familiars
of
Deioces
consideratlye
and
ofset
purpose
,
spake
in
this
sence
.
It
cannot
be
(
say
they
)
that
in
this
corruption
&
lewdnes
of
manners
we
should
long
enioy
and
abide
in
our
countrey
.
Goe
to
then
let
vs
appoynt
and
ordayne
ouer
vs
a
kinge
,
that
our
laude
may
bee
gouerned
by
good
lawes
:
wherby
it
may
be
free
for
euery
man
quietly
to
dispose
of
hys
owne
affayres
and
haue
no
cause
to
feare
lest
by
the
a●homination
and
outrage
of
wicked
and
pernicious
maners
we
be
cast
out
and
dispossessed
of
our
owne
seats
.
By
which
woordes
the
Medes
indured
to
couch
&
submit
themselues
to
a
kyng
:
they
began
to
consider
whom
they
might
electe
and
chose
for
the
soueraygne
lord
of
their
libertye
.
Which
there
doubt
the
name
&
remembrance
of
Deioces
,
straight
wayes
cut
of
,
who
by
general
consent
and
one
voyce
of
the
whole
multitude
was
named
and
approued
kynge
.
And
beyng
aduaunced
to
the
chiefest
dignity
,
he
commaunded
forthwith
a
pallace
to
be
erected
and
built
vp
seemly
for
the
maiesty
and
magnificient
estate
of
a
prince
.
Moreouer
the
choyse
should
be
made
of
stronge
and
likelie
men
for
the
gard
and
preseruation
of
his
body
.
Which
the
people
of
the
Medes
(
willing
to
gratify
him
by
their
proue
and
ready
obedience
)
immediatly
perfourmed
raysing
a
mighty
and
sumptuous
court
notably
fenced
and
garnished
for
his
safe
abode
:
situated
also
in
the
part
of
the
countrey
which
he
best
fancyed
,
leauing
it
free
and
his
owne
liberty
to
select
and
picke
out
of
the
whole
countrey
of
the
Medes
such
as
he
thought
meete
for
the
defence
and
care
of
hys
health
.
Deioces
in
full
autority
and
power
of
a
kyng
compelled
them
also
to
founde
a
city
,
which
beyng
by
them
accordingly
furnished
&
fortifyed
,
they
might
haue
the
lesse
regard
of
their
smal
&
homely
cotages
,
which
thinge
the
people
willingly
agreeynge
to
Ecbatana
,
where
one
wall
●oundeth
vpon
an
other
in
such
manner
that
the
onely
compasse
of
the
one
cleane
encloseth
and
whollye
conteyneth
the
other
euery
one
in
lyke
maner
excedinge
each
other
in
height
.
Whereunto
the
nature
of
the
place
gaue
no
small
aduauntage
,
as
hauinge
his
reise
and
rearynge
towardes
the
pitch
of
a
hyll
.
How
bee
it
,
farre
more
greate
was
the
helpe
of
art
and
industry
of
man
,
hauing
wrought
seuen
seueral
closurs
and
countermures
nere
adioyning
the
one
to
the
other
.
In
the
last
circuit
wherof
was
the
pallace
of
the
king
togeather
with
the
treasure
of
the
city
.
The
scope
&
compasse
of
the
last
and
greatest
incloseth
welny
as
much
,
space
or
more
as
the
wall
of
Athens
.
The
batlement
of
the
first
wall
is
coloured
with
whyte
:
the
seconde
with
blacke
,
the
third
with
redde
,
the
fourth
also
with
blew
:
or
skye
coloured
,
the
fyft
with
yellow
,
the
two
last
beyng
coped
with
battlementes
,
the
one
of
siluer
the
other
of
gylt
.
The
pallace
of
the
king
beyng
(
as
we
haue
heard
)
strengthned
and
corroborated
with
defence
and
munition
,
he
commaunded
the
rest
of
the
people
to
dwell
assyde
on
euerye
part
rounde
aboute
prouiding
moreouer
that
no
man
at
any
time
should
haue
accesse
or
entraunce
to
his
person
but
that
all
thinges
should
be
done
by
messages
to
and
fro
:
in
so
much
,
that
the
king
seldome
or
neuer
came
vnder
view
or
sight
to
any
.
Aboue
this
,
it
was
held
neyther
seemely
nor
lawful
for
any
man
to
laugh
or
spit
in
presence
of
the
prince
or
anye
other
.
These
thinges
are
therefore
practised
and
obserued
by
the
Medes
:
that
those
which
wer
his
equalles
before
of
approued
courage
and
valiancy
:
might
not
haue
any
cause
by
seyng
hym
to
be
greeued
at
his
dignity
,
and
consequentlye
to
In
other
thinges
he
held
another
order
,
yf
happily
he
had
intelligence
of
any
that
had
done
wrong
or
iniury
to
another
,
sending
for
him
he
put
him
to
a
payne
accoring
to
the
measure
of
his
offence
:
to
which
end
he
had
dispersed
diuers
espyalles
to
prye
and
watch
throughout
the
whole
Realme
.
Thus
the
whole
nation
of
the
Medes
fell
to
the
rule
&
gouernment
of
Deioces
,
wherof
himselfe
was
the
only
principal
.
Appertinent
to
the
tytle
and
seate
of
the
Medes
are
thus
many
seuerall
peoples
.
The
Busans
,
Paratacenians
,
Struchates
,
Arizantyns
,
Budyans
,
Magians
.
All
which
Medes
.
After
the
decease
of
Deioces
,
whose
raygne
continued
the
terme
of
53.
yeares
his
sonne
Phraortes
tooke
vppon
him
the
gouernmente
.
Who
not
content
to
be
kynge
of
the
Medes
alone
,
moued
warre
vppon
the
Persians
,
and
made
them
subiect
to
the
power
of
Media
,
and
hauing
the
rule
and
dominion
of
both
nations
the
people
of
the
which
were
mighty
and
valyaunt
he
subdued
also
Asia
,
muadynge
dyuers
other
countryes
,
now
one
and
then
another
,
tyll
at
length
hee
came
to
geue
assault
to
the
Assyrians
,
I
meane
those
that
whylom
were
chiefe
of
al
the
rest
,
but
at
that
instant
renounced
and
forsaken
of
all
theire
Subiectes
by
rebellion
.
Neuerthelesse
of
themselues
in
very
good
estate
.
Agaynst
whom
Phraortes
vnder
taking
a
voiage
the
22.
yerre
of
his
raygne
,
was
After
whose
death
Cyaxares
hys
sonne
and
Nephew
to
Deioces
came
to
the
crowne
,
who
hadde
the
name
to
be
of
greater
prowesse
and
might
in
warre
then
any
of
his
auncestors
.
Wherfore
he
distinguished
into
●andes
&
trowpes
the
people
of
Asia
,
and
fyrst
of
all
arranged
his
army
into
an
order
of
Spearemen
:
horsemen
and
bowmen
,
whereas
Lydians
,
at
such
time
as
the
day
was
turned
into
night
:
and
who
hauinge
purchased
the
fauour
of
all
Asia
that
lyeth
about
the
ryuer
Halis
,
mustered
a
power
of
men
agaynst
the
city
Ninus
,
aswell
to
take
reuenge
of
his
fathers
death
as
to
vanquish
and
destroy
the
citye
.
But
in
the
meane
tyme
whyle
hee
foyled
the
Assyrians
in
the
field
,
and
held
them
at
bay
within
the
citye
,
hee
was
of
a
sodaine
incountered
with
an
huge
army
of
the
S●ythians
lead
and
guided
by
Madyis
their
kinge
,
successor
to
his
father
Protothias
.
Who
hauinge
driuen
the
Symmerians
out
of
Europe
brake
from
thence
into
Asia
,
and
beynge
in
quest
and
persute
of
those
whom
they
had
flighted
in
battel
came
into
Media
.
The
distaunce
betweene
the
two
riuers
Maeotis
&
Phasis
euen
vnto
the
countreye
of
Colchis
is
30.
dayes
iorney
for
a
light
footman
:
but
betwene
Colchis
,
&
the
land
of
the
Medes
the
way
is
short
,
&
the
trauell
easye
,
one
onely
region
lying
betwene
them
,
which
is
the
countrey
of
the
people
called
Saspires
:
which
after
wee
haue
passed
,
the
next
stepp
is
into
Media
.
Notwithstanding
the
Scythians
toke
not
this
course
but
fetcht
a
compasse
about
another
waye
,
towardes
the
vpper
regions
leauing
the
mount
Caucasus
on
their
ryght
hand
.
The
Medes
entring
battell
with
the
Scithians
.
were
by
them
vanquished
,
and
lost
the
tytle
and
superiority
of
all
Asia
.
Wherfore
the
S●ythians
surprising
the
dominion
of
Asia
,
went
from
thence
the
next
way
into
Aegipt
,
but
arryuinge
in
Siria
Palaestina
they
were
met
by
Psammiti●hus
Prince
of
the
Aegyptians
by
whose
gentle
intreaty
and
greate
rewardes
they
were
stayed
from
goyng
anye
further
,
wherefore
retyring
backe
agayne
after
they
were
come
to
the
citye
Ascalon
in
Syria
,
many
of
them
passed
by
quietly
,
without
offer
of
damage
or
iniury
,
howbeit
some
drouping
behynd
rifled
the
chappel
of
Venus
Vrania
,
beyng
of
greatest
standing
Phaenicians
,
which
were
a
progeny
and
ofspring
of
the
Syrians
.
But
the
Goddesse
moued
with
wrath
agaynst
those
that
wrought
the
spoile
and
pillage
of
her
temple
,
punished
both
themselues
and
all
those
which
came
of
them
with
the
feminine
sicknes
.
Which
thing
the
Scythians
also
graunt
:
who
are
easily
brought
to
confesse
that
the
cause
was
such
,
and
none
other
why
they
are
tainted
and
infected
with
this
disease
.
Neither
is
it
hard
for
those
that
trauayle
into
Scythia
,
with
their
owne
eyes
to
behold
them
,
which
are
thus
diseased
,
whom
the
Scythians
call
Enareas
,
that
is
,
execrable
and
accursed
.
Asia
therfore
was
held
by
this
people
28.
yeares
,
for
which
tyme
proudly
and
iniuriously
exercysing
Wherwith
also
hardly
satisfied
they
committed
spoyle
and
robberye
throughout
all
the
countrey
.
Wherfore
Cyaxares
and
his
people
the
Medes
,
intertaining
the
most
part
of
them
with
sumptuous
feastes
,
and
all
sortes
of
delicious
and
dayntye
fare
:
watching
their
time
when
the
Scythians
were
ouerladen
with
drinke
,
they
set
vppon
them
and
flue
them
.
By
which
meanes
recoueryng
the
empyre
with
all
that
they
had
before
,
they
toke
also
the
citye
Nynus
.
The
which
in
what
sort
it
was
by
them
taken
,
and
howe
they
brought
vnder
their
rule
all
the
Assyrians
,
saue
only
Babylon
,
it
shall
else
where
be
declared
.
Nowe
when
as
Cyaxares
had
raygned
40.
yeares
and
Scythians
,
he
ended
his
life
,
&
Astyages
hys
sonne
ruled
in
his
stede
:
of
whose
loynes
issued
a
goodly
gentlewoman
named
Mandâne
:
whom
hyr
father
on
a
night
dreamed
to
haue
let
her
vryne
in
so
great
Cambyses
,
whom
he
knew
to
be
of
a
good
house
and
of
nature
remisse
and
quiet
.
Albeit
with
him selfe
in
farre
lesse
accompt
then
a
meane
man
of
the
Medes
.
The
same
yeare
he
had
placed
his
daughter
with
Cambyses
,
hee
saw
another
vision
no
lesse
straunge
then
the
former
:
wherein
ther
seemed
vnto
hym
out
of
the
wombe
of
his
daughter
to
grow
a
vyne
that
ouerspread
&
shadowed
all
Asia
,
and
hauing
knowledge
what
it
meant
,
immediatly
sent
for
his
daughter
from
Persia
,
where
shee
abode
:
to
whom
beyng
greate
with
childe
,
and
neere
the
tyme
of
her
deliuery
,
hee
assygned
a
strayght
and
diligent
watch
,
in
full
purpose
to
destroy
that
whatsoeuer
shee
had
brought
forth
into
the
world
:
beynge
geuen
him
to
vnderstand
by
the
wyse
Magi
,
the
interpretors
of
dreames
,
that
the
yssue
of
his
daughter
should
raygne
in
hys
●leed
.
Which
thing
Astyages
carefully
noting
,
presentlye
at
the
byrth
of
Cyrus
,
sent
for
Harpagus
his
most
familiar
and
faythfull
counsayler
,
and
the
onely
solicitor
and
dealer
in
al
his
affayres
.
To
whom
hee
sayde
on
this
manner
:
My
good
and
trusty
seruaunt
Harpagus
,
I
straightlye
warne
thee
not
to
neglect
the
charge
I
shal
lay
vpon
thee
,
nor
in
any
wyse
to
delay
the
speedye
dispatch
and
accomplishment
of
the
same
.
Beware
thou
dost
not
deceiue
me
,
and
take
hede
,
least
reposing
thy
trust
in
other
to
do
it
for
thee
,
thou
bee
a
cause
vnto
thy selfe
of
grieuous
reuenge
.
Take
this
litle
bratte
of
my
daughter
Mandâne
,
and
,
tary
it
home
with
thee
to
thyne
house
,
and
slay
it
:
which
done
,
take
order
also
by
some
secrete
meanes
to
see
it
buryed
:
to
whom
hee
answered
.
Most
noble
Prince
,
your
maiesty
at
no
time
enioyned
ought
to
Harpagus
that
he
scorned
to
doe
,
and
shall
hee
from
henceforth
neglect
your
hestes
?
Be
it
your
wil
and
pleasure
,
I
shall
do
it
:
it
is
my
dutye
&
deuoyre
to
perfourme
it
.
Which
hauing
sayd
,
the
young
infant
was
deliuered
into
hys
handes
in
a
rych
and
coastlye
mantle
whom
hee
receyuing
departed
home
to
his
own
house
the
teares
trickling
downe
his
cheekes
for
sorrow
.
Whether
beyng
comen
hee
opened
to
his
wyfe
all
the
wordes
that
had
passed
betwene
himselfe
and
the
king
,
who
began
to
demaund
him
in
these
wordes
.
And
what
then
my
lord
are
you
mynded
to
do
?
Certes
(
quoth
he
)
albeit
I
am
commaunded
by
Astyages
:
yet
whyle
I
liue
wil
I
neuer
be
brought
to
commit
so
detestable
a
villany
:
be
he
neuer
so
madd
,
and
tenne
hundred
times
more
enraged
then
he
is
at
this
present
,
both
for
that
this
pore
seely
brat
is
of
myne
owne
kyndred
and
allyance
,
and
then
because
Astiages
himselfe
is
now
olde
and
without
issue
of
a
man
child
.
After
whose
whose
death
if
by
fortune
his
daughter
should
aspyre
to
that
crowne
(
whose
sonne
I
am
charged
to
bereaue
of
his
life
)
what
else
could
I
hope
for
but
the
most
cruel
and
miserable
death
that
coulde
bee
deuysed
?
Neuerthelesse
,
for
myne
owne
safetyes
sake
,
I
hold
it
necessarye
this
childe
shoulde
dye
,
yet
not
by
anye
of
myne
,
but
by
some
of
the
kinges
owne
seruantes
.
Hys
talke
ended
,
forthwith
he
sent
a
messenger
to
that
heardman
of
Astyages
whom
he
knew
wost
conueniently
to
be
resident
in
such
pastors
and
hils
as
were
haunted
and
frequented
with
wyld
beastes
.
The
heard
mannes
name
was
Mitradates
:
whose
mate
in
bedde
and
fellow
in
seruice
was
a
poore
laye
woman
named
in
the
Greeke
toung
Cyno
,
which
signifyeth
a
Bytch
:
in
the
Median
lauguage
Spaco
,
Spaca
,
in
the
common
vse
of
their
speech
being
the
right
name
for
a
vitch
The
pastours
where
hee
grased
his
cattell
were
borderyng
to
the
foote
or
bottom
of
a
desert
mountayne
,
lying
to
the
North
syde
of
Eobatana
,
and
to
the
Euxine
sea
:
al
that
coast
of
the
land
of
Media
which
tendeth
towardes
the
people
Saspires
,
beinge
very
hygh
&
full
of
hils
and
forrestes
,
but
the
rest
much
more
low
and
playne
.
The
heardman
receyuing
the
messuage
,
and
repayring
to
the
house
of
Harpagus
after
he
was
comen
thither
,
he
began
to
salute
hym
in
these
wordes
.
Gentle
syria
(
quoth
he
)
it
is
the
kinges
wil
you
take
this
litle
infante
and
laye
hym
in
the
most
wilde
Harpagus
.
Beyng
returned
home
,
&
with
great
ioy
receaued
of
his
sorrowful
wyfe
,
she
curyously
demaunded
of
hym
what
the
cause
might
be
,
that
in
such
post
hast
he
was
summoned
by
Harpagus
to
come
to
the
city
.
To
whom
he
sayde
(
my
deare
wyfe
)
at
my
comming
to
the
city
I
both
heard
and
saw
that
which
I
woulde
to
God
I
had
neuer
seene
,
nor
it
had
bene
done
by
our
Lordes
and
maysters
.
All
that
house
of
Harpagus
resounding
with
teares
and
yellyng
with
most
pitifull
outcryes
and
lamentation
.
Wherinto
after
I
was
entered
all
agast
&
astonied
for
fear
I
beheld
a
comly
younge
chyld
lying
in
the
middes
of
the
house
quaking
and
cryng
wrapped
in
a
rich
mantel
of
gold
and
diuerse
colours
,
whom
Harpagus
(
hauing
espyed
me
)
commaunded
me
to
take
by
and
by
,
and
cast
it
out
in
the
mayne
forrest
for
a
pray
and
spoyle
to
the
sauage
and
rauenous
beastes
:
addynge
moreouer
that
Astyages
charged
me
so
to
do
,
with
great
threats
and
men●cinges
if
I
should
do
otherwyse
.
The
child
I
toke
and
haue
brought
with
mee
supposing
it
to
belong
to
some
one
of
the
court
:
for
that
I
would
neuer
haue
thoughte
it
to
haue
bene
of
the
kinges
owne
bloud
.
Notwithstanding
I
maruayled
much
to
see
that
so
rychly
arayed
with
gold
and
sumptuous
attyre
:
as
also
what
it
might
meane
that
Harpagus
and
all
his
family
so
bitterly
wayled
in
extreame
wae
and
heauines
.
Now
in
the
way
I
was
acertay●ed
of
all
the
matter
by
a
seruaunt
that
brought
me
out
of
the
city
,
and
deliuered
the
child
into
my
handes
:
who
told
me
it
was
the
sonne
of
Mandane
our
kinges
daughter
,
begotten
of
Cambyses
sonne
of
Cyrus
,
,
and
that
Astyages
commaunded
it
should
bee
slayne
:
and
this
is
he
.
Wherwithall
he
vnfolden
the
mantle
&
shewed
the
child
to
his
wyfe
.
The
selye
woman
beholding
the
young
babe
to
be
fayre
and
beautiful
and
of
body
large
and
well
proportioned
,
fell
downe
on
her
knees
,
and
bathinge
her
husbandes
feete
with
her
lukewarme
teares
she
besought
him
in
no
wyfe
to
imbrue
his
handes
in
the
bloud
of
an
infant
so
goodly
and
well
fauoured
.
Who
alleaging
that
it
could
not
be
otherwyse
,
because
that
Harpagus
would
send
his
seruauntes
to
see
it
dead
,
and
that
himselfe
should
bee
miserably
tormented
to
death
.
The
woman
which
by
thys
tyme
had
set
abroach
a
new
deuise
began
a
fresh
to
counsaile
hym
saying
.
If
there
be
no
remedye
but
needes
thou
must
lay
it
out
:
yet
heare
me
once
agayne
&
follow
my
counsayle
how
thou
mayst
craftely
dispense
with
the
kings
commaundement
and
saue
the
childe
.
This
day
haue
I
brought
forth
a
young
infant
which
was
stil
borne
and
dead
in
that
wombe
.
Take
yt
therfore
and
saying
it
out
in
the
desert
:
let
vs
kepe
and
foster
this
in
the
steed
,
so
shall
it
neither
be
knowne
that
thou
hast
disobayed
the
king
,
and
our selues
shall
gayne
the
heauenly
ioy
of
so
goodly
an
infant
.
By
this
meanes
(
my
good
husband
)
both
our
dead
chyld
cast
out
in
this
kynglye
vesture
shall
enioy
a
royall
and
princely
sepulcher
:
and
this
poore
seely
innocent
that
is
assygned
to
dye
shall
be
preserued
Harpagus
,
geuing
him
to
vnderstande
that
the
child
,
was
dead
,
and
that
for
more
assurance
he
myght
behold
it
wher
he
lay
:
who
sending
with
him
certaine
of
his
seruauntes
in
whom
he
reposinge
geatest
affyaunce
willed
them
to
take
view
thereof
,
who
fyndyng
it
to
be
so
(
as
they
thought
)
in
steede
of
Mendanes
sonne
toke
the
heardmans
Cyrus
,
but
by
some
other
name
.
The
child
arryuing
to
the
age
of
tenne
yeares
,
descryed
his
progeny
,
and
opened
hymselfe
by
this
deed
,
and
sportyng
in
a
village
where
the
hearde
grased
,
and
beynge
at
sporte
and
playe
with
his
equalles
,
hee
chaunsed
by
the
other
children
his
playfellowes
to
be
chosen
kynge
.
The
boy
incontinentlye
limittynge
to
euerye
one
hys
Artembares
,
a
man
of
great
calling
and
principal
respect
among
the
Medes
,
whom
Cyrus
for
that
he
refused
to
obay
his
authority
,
and
do
as
hee
bade
hym
,
caused
the
other
boyes
to
take
and
lay
hold
on
,
which
they
doing
,
he
beat
him
spightfully
&
without
measure
.
The
boy
taking
it
heauily
to
be
thus
abused
,
was
no
soner
escaped
from
them
,
but
he
ranne
home
crying
to
the
city
where
his
father
dwelled
and
complayned
of
the
wrong
&
vyolence
done
to
hym
by
Cyrus
:
albeit
not
calling
him
Cyrus
(
for
as
yet
he
had
not
that
name
)
but
the
sonne
of
Astyages
heardman
.
Artembar
es
transported
with
choller
,
in
a
rage
toke
his
sonne
by
the
hande
,
and
lead
him
to
the
kynge
,
where
declarynge
the
intollerable
misusage
of
hys
child
,
opened
his
coate
&
shewed
hys
shoulders
,
sayng
.
Is
it
meete
(
O
kyng
)
that
we
be
thus
abused
by
the
wretched
brat
of
thy
heardman
?
Astyages
willing
to
gratifye
Artembares
and
do
him
honour
by
reuenging
his
sonnes
quarel
,
caused
the
heardmas
boy
to
be
sent
for
:
who
bryng
come
,
Astyages
castyng
towardes
hym
a
sterue
and
frowning
loke
,
began
in
this
wyse
:
why
syrra
(
quoth
hee
)
you
litle
punion
,
is
it
for
so
base
a
brat
as
thy selfe
,
borne
of
a
beggerly
vassall
,
to
scourge
and
whip
in
such
sort
a
childe
sprong
of
a
noble
house
,
whose
father
is
one
of
the
peeres
and
chiefe
men
of
my
realme
?
The
boy
beholdyng
the
king
with
a
bold
and
stedfast
countenaunce
aunsweared
thus
.
Why
my
Lord
(
quoth
he
)
that
which
I
haue
done
I
haue
done
by
iustice
,
for
our
towne
boyes
,
in
whose
crew
this
Artembares
,
to
the
end
he
might
talke
alone
with
the
heardman
)
he
spake
thus
.
My
meanyng
is
O
Artembares
(
quoth
he
)
in
such
sort
to
deale
in
this
matter
that
you
shall
thinke
your selfe
satisfyed
,
and
your
sonne
haue
no
cause
to
complayne
.
With
which
wordes
Artembares
taking
hys
humble
leaue
of
the
king
,
Cyrus
was
lead
into
an
inner
par
lour
.
Astyages
beyng
now
alone
with
the
heardman
,
began
to
parle
with
hym
where
he
had
the
boy
,
or
how
he
came
by
hym
.
Who
thinking
it
best
to
stand
to
hys
tacklinge
affirmed
stoutly
that
he
was
his
own
sonne
,
and
that
his
mother
was
liuing
with
hym
at
home
at
his
house
.
To
whom
the
king
castyng
an
angry
smyle
:
Certes
(
quoth
hee
)
good
fellow
thou
art
not
thyne
owne
freynd
to
runne
wilfullye
into
the
briers
,
and
to
be
cause
vnto
thy selfe
of
a
terrible
death
:
and
presently
making
a
signe
to
hys
gard
to
lay
hold
on
him
they
toke
him
in
purpose
to
haue
lead
hym
awaye
.
But
the
miserable
neatheard
oppressed
with
extremity
and
driuen
to
so
nere
a
strayght
,
resolued
with
hymselfe
abandoning
all
fayned
allegations
to
seeke
refuge
by
confessynge
the
truth
:
wherfore
openyng
the
whole
matter
from
the
first
head
and
begynning
,
he
fell
downe
on
his
knees
,
and
humblye
craued
pardon
of
the
kyng
.
Astyages
hearyng
hym
without
glose
or
colour
to
speake
as
it
was
,
made
light
of
his
fault
and
let
him
goe
,
sending
certaine
of
his
court
for
Harpagus
against
whom
hys
stomacke
was
inflamed
with
greate
wrath
and
indignation
,
to
whom
appearing
in
prefence
hee
spake
as
followeth
.
Tell
me
Harpagus
in
truth
(
quoth
he
)
by
what
death
didst
thou
murder
the
childe
that
I
gaue
vnto
thee
begotten
&
borne
of
my
daughter
Mandâne
:
who
seeing
Mitradates
the
heardman
present
,
thought
it
not
best
to
dissemble
But
Astyages
makinge
no
semblaunce
of
anger
of
that
which
had
happened
,
began
and
told
him
fyrst
of
the
heard
mans
confession
procedinge
orderlye
with
the
rest
,
till
at
length
he
came
to
say
thus
.
For
that
the
childe
liueth
and
by
the
benefyte
offortune
and
fauour
of
the
Gods
hath
escaped
death
I
greatly
reioyce
as
beyng
disquieted
with
no
smal
anguish
and
torment
of
conscience
to
consider
the
villany
and
wicked
treeson
wrought
agaynstyt
,
and
beyng
often
challenged
by
my
daughter
,
for
the
priuy
murder
and
concealed
death
of
hyr
child
,
I
was
not
a
litle
gauled
and
astlicted
in
thought
.
But
in
that
fortune
hath
turned
all
to
the
best
:
send
me
hether
thy
sonne
to
bee
a
playfellow
and
companion
to
my
litle
nephew
,
and
see
thou
come
thy selfe
backe
agayne
and
accompany
me
at
supper
.
For
the
truth
is
I
am
in
purpose
to
do
sacrifyce
to
the
Gods
immortall
for
the
safe
recouery
of
the
child
,
to
whom
the
honour
and
chiefe
prayse
of
this
gracious
and
fortunate
happe
doth
esspecially
belong
.
Harpagus
hearynge
this
,
dyd
hys
humble
reuerence
to
the
kinge
,
exceedynge
ioyous
at
the
fauourable
yssue
and
good
euent
of
his
fault
,
and
not
a
litle
glad
besydes
that
as
a
fellow
and
companion
of
the
kynges
mirth
and
comfort
he
was
inuyted
to
supper
.
Wherefore
departing
home
he
no
sooner
entred
within
the
dores
but
with
all
speede
he
caused
his
sonne
to
be
sought
out
,
whom
beyng
of
the
age
of
13.
yeares
he
sent
to
the
court
willyng
hym
to
do
whatsoeuer
he
was
commaunded
by
the
kynge
.
Hymselfe
as
one
ready
to
leape
out
of
hysskynne
for
ioy
,
with
mery
counteuaunce
and
smyling
cheere
declared
to
hys
wyfe
imediatly
the
whole
course
and
tenour
of
hys
happye
successe
.
Hys
Harpagus
,
before
whom
were
set
the
partes
of
his
torne
and
mangled
childe
,
except
the
head
,
the
handes
,
and
the
feete
,
which
were
seuerally
kept
and
set
asyde
in
a
basket
.
Of
these
lamentable
deintyes
,
after
Astyages
iudging
hys
guest
to
haue
well
fedde
,
hee
demaunded
hym
the
question
Harpagus
.
After
which
entringe
into
deliberation
of
Cyrus
,
hee
called
for
the
wyse
men
named
Magi
,
by
whose
meanes
he
came
to
knowledge
of
hys
dreame
,
to
whom
after
they
were
come
he
moued
a
question
about
the
true
construing
and
exposition
of
hys
vision
,
who
yeeldyng
the
same
answeare
that
they
dyd
before
,
that
it
behoued
the
boy
if
he
were
liuing
to
raigne
and
be
kyng
.
Astyages
Now
tel
me
therfore
you
that
haue
skill
,
what
thinke
you
of
this
?
If
the
chyld
liue
(
say
they
)
and
haue
already
borne
rule
and
that
not
aduysedly
or
of
premeditate
purpose
but
by
chaunce
&
destinye
.
Be
of
good
courage
then
(
O
king
)
wee
warrant
you
hee
hath
taken
his
leaue
and
shal
rule
no
more
.
For
some
of
our
prophecies
,
sothsayinges
,
and
coniectures
come
to
small
effect
:
&
as
meere
phantasies
,
and
ydle
dreames
proue
very
light
and
fall
to
nothing
.
Surely
(
quoth
the
king
)
and
I
thinke
no
lesse
beynge
of
this
opinion
also
that
for
asmuch
as
hee
hath
once
bene
named
&
held
for
a
kyng
,
my
dreame
hath
his
end
,
and
that
wee
haue
no
more
need
to
feare
him
anye
longer
.
Neuerthelesse
I
leaue
it
to
your
wysedome
carefullye
to
consider
what
may
befall
,
and
geue
me
such
counsayl
and
aduyse
as
may
be
safest
both
for
the
maintenaunce
of
my
scepter
and
for
the
continuaunce
of
your
owne
estates
,
to
whom
they
aunswered
.
It
is
greatly
to
be
wished
and
desyred
of
vs
(
O
mightye
Prince
)
that
thy
kyngdome
perpetually
indure
,
for
otherwyse
if
it
should
descend
or
be
translated
to
this
boy
,
which
is
a
Persian
what
could
wee
loke
for
that
are
Medes
and
aliens
,
then
to
be
held
and
kept
vnder
in
bondage
and
slauery
.
Whereas
on
the
other
syde
vnder
thy
gouernment
(
whose
natural
subiectes
we
holde
an
accompt
ourselues
)
wee
are
in
maner
princes
ouer
them
,
and
with
thy selfe
in
great
credite
and
honor
.
By
how
much
the
rather
we
ought
to
haue
diligent
respecte
of
thy
prosperous
raygne
,
and
at
this
tyme
also
to
aduertise
and
warne
thee
if
wee
sawe
,
or
were
priuye
to
oughte
that
might
bee
preiudiciall
to
thy
royall
person
,
but
for
as
much
as
the
vision
is
comen
to
so
slender
proofe
,
that
in
euent
it
seemeth
a
tryfle
,
both
our selues
are
in
good
hope
,
and
wil
your
grace
also
not
to
dispayre
,
but
to
sende
home
the
childe
into
Persia
,
to
his
parentes
:
wherat
Astyages
greatly
reioysing
,
calling
for
Cyrus
sayd
vnto
him
:
My
sonne
,
albeit
heretofore
by
meanes
of
a
fond
&
friuolous
vision
,
I
did
thee
iniury
:
yet
by
thyne
owne
good
fortune
and
happie
desteny
,
thou
art
kept
aliue
.
Now
thefore
ioyfully
get
thee
home
to
the
Persian
▪
with
those
whom
I
haue
appoynted
to
be
thy
guydes
,
wher
thou
shalt
fynde
a
father
not
like
to
the
heardman
Mitradates
,
and
a
mother
much
better
then
thy
nourse
Cyno
.
With
which
wordes
he
toke
his
leaue
of
hym
and
sent
hym
away
.
When
they
were
come
to
the
house
of
Cambyses
,
Cyrus
was
receiued
of
his
parentes
,
who
hauing
knowledge
that
Persia
.
He
declared
therfore
in
what
sort
he
was
nourished
,
&
kept
vp
by
the
field
mans
wyfe
,
whom
in
al
his
talke
he
greatly
praysed
and
commended
,
in
so
much
that
alwayes
at
one
ende
of
hys
tale
was
his
swete
and
dearly
beloued
Cyno
:
which
Cyrus
growing
in
yeares
and
approaching
nere
to
mans
estate
,
waxed
of
all
equals
the
most
valiant
and
hardye
,
&
in
passinge
fauour
&
goodwill
with
al
men
,
whom
Harpagus
oft
tymes
vrged
by
sundry
gyftes
and
presentes
to
take
reuenge
of
his
graundfather
Astyages
.
For
seynge
that
by
himselfe
beynge
a
priuate
man
ther
was
no
waye
to
repay
the
iniury
done
him
by
the
king
(
Cyrus
beyng
now
at
ripe
and
mature
age
)
he
thought
good
to
make
him
,
who
had
all
one
cause
to
haue
all
one
quarell
.
Furthermore
,
hee
wrought
this
,
at
what
tyme
Astyages
through
the
peuishnes
of
age
dealt
very
cruelly
,
and
lyke
a
tyraunte
with
the
Medes
.
Harpagus
clawing
fauour
,
and
insinuatynge
himselfe
with
the
Peeres
of
the
realme
,
perswaded
them
to
depryue
Astyages
of
the
supreme
dignity
,
and
make
choyse
of
Cyrus
for
their
high
and
soueraigne
Prince
.
And
seing
his
pretended
treason
pretily
well
to
fadge
&
goe
forward
,
willyng
to
make
Cyrus
of
counsayle
(
which
thing
for
that
all
the
wayes
into
Persia
were
intercluded
&
garded
by
watch
and
warde
,
was
hard
to
be
done
)
he
came
in
mynd
of
thys
conceipt
:
hauing
finely
and
cunningly
drawen
out
the
garbedge
of
an
hare
,
he
conueied
into
her
belly
a
letter
wherin
Persia
,
geuing
him
in
charge
to
deliuer
it
into
Cyrus
hys
owne
handes
,
and
to
request
hym
to
cutt
vp
the
hare
secretely
by
hymselfe
and
without
company
.
The
fellow
faythfully
executing
his
maysters
will
,
toke
the
hare
to
Cyrus
,
who
opening
her
belly
found
the
letter
enclosed
,
which
he
vnfolded
and
read
in
these
termes
.
Thou
sonne
of
Cambyses
(
whom
no
doubte
the
Gods
Astyages
,
the
seeker
of
thy
vtter
spoyle
and
destruction
.
For
by
his
desire
thou
haddest
dyed
the
death
,
but
by
the
fauour
of
the
Gods
&
by
means
of
me
,
thou
remaynest
alyue
.
All
the
course
of
which
thy
bagicall
and
vnhappye
fortune
I
doubt
not
but
thou
knowest
of
olde
:
as
also
the
villanye
and
execrable
wickednes
done
to
mee
by
Astyages
,
in
that
my selfe
refusinge
to
kil
the
gaue
the
ouerinto
the
handes
of
his
neathearde
.
Now
therfore
if
thou
wilt
listen
to
me
,
the
whole
kingdome
of
the
Medes
shall
be
subiect
to
thy
power
.
Seke
first
of
al
to
allure
the
myndes
of
the
Persians
to
slippe
choller
,
and
rebell
,
which
done
put
thy selfe
in
voyage
agaynst
the
Medes
,
in
full
hope
and
assurance
to
enioy
the
crowne
.
For
be
it
my selfe
or
any
other
of
the
nobles
of
Media
whom
the
king
shall
assygne
to
come
forth
agaynst
thee
and
geue
the
battell
,
wee
haue
all
geuen
handes
with
one
consent
to
rebate
the
power
of
the
Medes
,
and
ioyninge
auncientes
to
march
vnder
one
banner
,
to
the
vtter
ouerthrowe
and
depriuation
of
that
cruell
and
malicious
tyraunt
.
The
account
is
cast
,
the
reckning
made
,
and
nothinge
wantinge
,
but
that
which
we
earnestly
with
for
,
and
shortlye
for
,
thy
quicke
and
speedy
arriuall
.
The
letter
read
and
perused
,
Cyrus
cast
with
him self
what
sleight
or
art
he
might
now
vse
to
induce
and
moue
the
Persians
to
sedition
and
fynding
Persians
,
wher
opening
the
letter
he
signifyed
to
them
that
Astyages
had
apoynted
him
lieuetenaunt
or
principall
of
Persia
.
For
which
cause
you
Persians
(
sayd
he
)
I
will
and
commaunde
you
,
to
resort
hether
euery
man
furnished
and
prouided
of
his
hooke
or
bill
,
which
charge
geuen
he
brakevp
the
assembly
.
Now
it
is
meete
wee
knowe
that
many
sorts
of
people
are
contayned
vnder
the
generall
name
of
Persians
.
Certayne
wherof
Cyrus
callyng
togeather
intysed
them
to
rebell
,
which
were
such
that
of
them
all
the
rest
depended
.
The
names
of
the
people
be
these
.
The
Arteatians
,
Persians
,
Pasargadians
,
Meraphians
,
Masians
:
of
which
number
the
Pasargadians
are
the
most
noble
and
renowmed
:
amonges
whom
is
the
stocke
and
familye
of
the
Achaemenides
,
out
of
the
which
the
kinges
of
Persia
are
alwayes
chosen
and
elected
.
There
be
also
other
Persians
besydes
these
,
as
the
Parthelians
,
Derusians
,
Germanians
,
addicted
to
the
trade
of
tillage
and
manurynge
the
ground
.
Other
also
that
haue
principall
regard
of
grasinge
and
feedyng
cattel
,
to
wit
,
the
Dayans
,
Mardians
,
Drophicians
,
Sagartians
.
All
which
ready
prest
with
their
sicles
&
hedging
billes
,
Cyrus
toke
and
lead
into
a
field
of
18.
or
20
furlonges
exceedyngly
ouergrowen
and
pestered
with
bushes
,
which
in
one
dayes
space
they
cleane
cut
vp
and
caried
away
.
Wherfore
the
next
day
following
hee
commaunded
them
to
be
present
agayne
euery
man
handsomly
and
well
arayed
.
Himselfe
in
the
meane
season
gatheryng
togeather
whole
heards
of
goats
,
sheepe
and
oxen
,
all
that
his
father
had
,
hee
slew
them
to
make
prouision
of
a
sumptuous
and
magnificent
banquet
wherwith
to
feast
and
entertayne
the
whole
host
and
company
of
the
Persians
.
The
next
day
insuing
when
(
as
Cyrus
had
commaunded
)
the
Persians
were
assembled
and
comen
togeather
,
he
caused
them
to
sit
downe
in
a
great
and
large
field
,
where
as
mery
as
crickets
,
they
fell
freshly
to
those
chats
which
in
great
plenty
and
aboundance
were
set
before
them
.
At
after
dynner
Cyrus
demaunded
of
them
whether
of
the
two
they
rather
wished
,
the
labour
past
,
or
the
pleasure
present
.
To
whom
they
replyed
that
there
was
no
comparison
or
equality
betweene
them
:
for
as
no
payne
and
misery
was
absent
from
the
one
:
so
no
pleasure
and
felicity
was
wanting
to
the
other
.
Which
their
answeare
Cyrus
takyng
hold
of
presentlye
went
forwarde
saying
.
My
frendes
and
countriemen
of
Persia
,
euen
so
it
fareth
with
you
,
and
at
such
choyse
and
election
you
now
stand
.
For
geuing
your
consent
to
obay
and
follow
me
:
both
these
and
many
other
infinite
commodityes
shal
redound
vnto
you
,
without
the
toylsome
yoke
of
seruitude
and
slauerye
,
but
refusing
my
counsayle
,
a
whole
sea
of
miseryes
do
dayly
threaten
you
,
not
vnlyke
the
toyle
and
wretchednesse
that
yester
day
you
abode
.
Be
ruled
then
by
me
and
attaine
your
freedome
,
for
both
I
my selfe
am
prouyded
by
deuyne
lotte
and
appoyntment
of
the
Gods
,
by
whose
meanes
you
should
enter
into
this
paradise
of
blessednesse
,
and
you
in
nothinge
(
especially
in
martial
courage
)
were
euer
accompted
inferiour
to
the
Medes
.
What
resteth
them
but
that
in
defyaunce
to
Astyages
and
the
tytle
of
the
Medes
,
you
cast
of
the
yoke
of
seruitude
,
and
become
free
.
The
Persians
long
since
moued
with
disdayne
to
see
themselues
ouertopped
and
kept
vnder
by
the
Medes
:
hauing
the
Cyrus
,
and
recouer
their
liberty
.
These
thinges
sounding
in
the
eares
of
Astyages
:
Cyrus
by
a
purseuant
was
cyted
vp
to
appeare
at
the
court
:
whom
he
returned
backe
agayne
with
this
answeare
,
that
his
meaninge
was
to
come
verye
spedily
and
somewhat
to
sone
for
his
purpose
.
At
which
newes
Astyages
imediatlye
prepared
a
power
of
the
Medes
,
ouer
whom
in
an
ill
hower
he
placed
Harpagus
generall
,
not
mynding
the
iniurye
hee
had
done
vnto
hym
.
The
army
prepared
,
and
the
Medes
&
Harpagus
,
began
to
fight
and
bicker
with
the
en●emy
:
the
rest
without
offer
of
violence
ioyning
with
them
.
Other
there
were
,
that
with
small
resistaunce
turned
their
backes
to
the
Persians
and
fled
amayne
.
The
host
of
Astyages
beynge
in
this
wyse
dispersed
and
shronke
in
the
wetting
,
newes
was
broughte
thereof
to
the
king
,
who
in
a
greate
heate
of
choller
and
outrage
,
menacing
Magi
,
by
whose
counsayle
hee
was
brought
to
let
Cyrus
depart
,
he
hanged
them
vp
euery
man
,
not
leauing
one
aliue
.
After
this
he
put
in
armour
the
rest
of
the
Medes
,
that
were
in
the
city
both
young
and
old
:
with
whom
beyng
present
in
the
fielde
.
After
that
for
a
whyle
he
had
abidden
the
might
and
power
of
the
Persians
,
he
was
driuen
to
flie
,
and
Astyages
)
dost
thou
now
challenge
the
dead
of
Cyrus
to
thy selfe
,
who
alleaginge
on
the
other
side
that
it
was
his
deede
and
done
by
hym
,
for
that
Cyrus
was
moued
ther
unto
by
his
letters
.
Astyages
aunsweared
that
of
all
men
he
held
hym
most
voyd
of
wit
and
goodwill
to
his
countrey
.
The
one
,
for
that
hauing
power
to
be
king
hymselfe
,
he
had
yelded
it
ouer
to
an
other
:
the
other
in
that
for
malice
of
one
supper
he
had
brought
his
owne
countrey
into
perpetuall
thraldome
.
For
had
it
bene
necessarye
to
haue
put
ouer
the
kingdome
from
hymselfe
to
an
other
,
it
had
bene
much
better
to
haue
chosen
a
Mede
then
a
Persian
wheras
now
the
Medes
being
nothing
giltye
of
that
fact
,
were
become
of
rulers
,
slaues
,
and
the
Persians
that
hetherto
had
liued
in
bondage
were
now
come
to
be
lordes
themselues
.
On
this
manner
king
Astyages
hauinge
the
space
of
35.
Media
:
was
depryued
of
his
seate
:
by
whose
cruelty
and
sore
dealing
the
Medes
came
in
subiection
to
the
Persians
after
they
had
held
the
supremisye
of
all
Asia
aboue
the
floud
Halis
an
hundred
twenty
eight
years
,
sauinge
the
●yme
that
the
Scithians
obtayned
the
empyre
.
Afterwardes
the
Medes
repenting
themselues
of
that
they
had
done
,
reuolted
from
Darius
,
but
beyng
ouercome
in
battayle
,
they
were
agayne
perforce
driuen
to
obedience
.
The
Persians
by
whose
meanes
Cyrus
vanquished
his
graundfather
Astyages
,
hauing
the
chiefe
rule
and
dominion
of
Asia
.
Cyrus
doinge
no
violence
to
Astyages
,
kepte
him
in
his
house
to
the
houre
of
his
death
.
Such
therfore
was
the
byrth
and
education
of
Cyrus
,
&
the
meanes
wherby
he
atchieued
the
kyngdome
:
who
not
longe
after
tryumphed
ouer
kyng
Craesus
his
professed
enemy
,
of
whom
wee
spake
before
:
by
which
his
victory
he
wan
the
ful
title
&
possession
of
all
Asia
.
Furthermore
the
rytes
and
customes
which
the
Persians
vse
I
fynd
to
be
these
.
First
for
ymages
,
temples
,
&
aulters
,
they
neuer
build
any
,
and
accompt
it
great
follye
and
madnes
in
those
that
do
builde
them
.
For
this
cause
as
I
iudge
they
think
not
the
Gods
to
come
of
the
progeny
and
lmeage
of
men
,
as
the
Graetians
doe
.
Wherfore
making
choyse
of
the
kighest
and
most
lofty
hyls
of
the
countrey
on
the
toppes
of
them
they
do
sacrifyce
vnto
Iupiter
by
which
name
they
vnderstand
the
whole
cope
and
vaute
of
heauen
,
geuing
also
lyke
honor
and
reuerence
to
the
Sunne
,
the
Moone
,
the
Earth
the
Fyre
,
the
Water
,
and
the
Wyndes
:
imputing
to
these
alone
a
deuyne
nature
and
deity
,
which
from
the
beginning
they
haue
had
in
honour
.
Notwithstanding
in
course
of
time
they
began
to
buckle
and
pray
to
Vrania
:
which
maner
they
drew
from
the
Assyrians
and
Arabians
.
Venus
of
the
Assyrians
is
called
Militta
,
in
Arabia
Alitta
,
by
the
Persians
Metra
.
The
ceremonies
ordayned
by
them
to
bee
kept
and
obserued
in
time
of
sacrifice
are
these
.
They
neyther
set
vp
any
aulter
,
or
kyndle
anye
fyre
at
all
,
omittinge
also
to
say
or
tast
of
the
sacrifyce
before
the
immolation
.
Pypes
,
Myters
,
saltcakes
,
they
neuer
vse
.
But
as
euerye
one
is
purposed
to
make
oblation
to
the
heauenly
powers
,
so
leadyng
his
host
or
sacrifyce
into
a
fayre
and
cleanen
place
,
hee
humbleth
himselfe
in
prayer
to
some
one
of
the
Gods
hauing
his
head
decked
with
a
nightcap
vsuallye
worne
of
the
women
of
Persia
,
bounde
about
for
the
most
parte
,
and
enuyroned
with
mirtle
.
Beyng
alwayes
prouided
that
the
party
which
maketh
the
offeryng
hold
it
not
lawful
to
pray
for
hymselfe
only
or
to
make
supplication
for
any
priuate
or
peculiar
commoditye
of
his
owne
,
but
vniuersallye
for
the
whole
realme
and
multitude
of
the
Persians
,
and
chiefly
for
the
king
.
The
sacrifycer
hymselfe
being
a
part
and
parcell
of
the
whole
number
:
so
that
in
praying
for
all
others
hee
prayeth
for
himselfe
.
This
also
:
cutting
and
hewing
the
halowed
beast
into
small
and
slender
peeces
,
they
incontinently
boyld
it
:
which
done
makinge
diligent
inquisition
for
the
softest
and
smothest
grasse
they
can
find
,
and
especially
trifolly
or
three
leaued
grasse
,
they
spred
thereon
the
sodden
flesh
,
ouer
which
a
Magician
yalpeth
out
a
songe
of
the
beginning
&
childhod
of
the
Gods
,
whichthey
accompt
a
most
forceable
and
valerous
incantation
.
Without
this
Magitian
:
They
hold
no
sacrifice
lawful
or
rightly
perfourmed
.
After
this
the
sacrifycer
taketh
the
flesh
,
and
applyeth
it
to
what
vse
it
seemeth
him
good
.
Of
all
the
dayes
in
the
yeare
they
obserue
with
greatest
ioy
and
solemnitye
theyr
byrth
Moreouer
the
Persians
generally
are
verye
much
geuen
to
wyne
.
Beyng
notwithstanding
forbidden
by
the
law
to
perbreake
or
vomite
in
company
,
or
to
make
water
wher
they
If
they
meete
one
an
other
in
the
way
it
is
no
hard
matter
to
know
whether
they
be
equalles
or
superiours
ech
to
other
.
For
beyng
of
like
reputation
they
kysse
each
other
on
the
mouth
.
If
the
one
be
somewhat
the
others
superiour
,
after
a
more
modest
and
bashfull
fashion
they
kisse
on
the
cheekes
.
If
much
more
set
by
and
of
farre
greater
regard
the
base
and
vnnoble
falleth
flat
on
the
earth
in
honour
and
reuerence
to
the
other
.
Behauinge
themselues
with
all
dutifull
demeanour
and
curteous
vsage
towardes
them
,
which
are
nexte
dwellers
,
and
neyghbours
vnto
them
.
In
the
second
degree
imbracing
and
making
much
of
those
who
dwell
nere
also
and
border
uppon
their
neighboures
,
and
so
consequently
the
nerer
euery
one
is
in
place
to
them
the
greater
he
isin
friendship
and
familiarity
,
esteeming
themselues
of
all
men
the
best
.
To
those
which
are
furthest
seperate
and
disioyned
from
them
in
distaunce
of
place
they
disdayne
to
shewe
the
least
poynt
of
ciuility
,
in
ful
accompt
that
of
al
men
liuing
there
is
none
lyke
vnto
them selues
in
any
thinge
,
and
as
euerye
man
hath
nerest
propinquity
to
them
in
place
and
neighbourhod
so
they
deeme
hym
to
excell
others
in
vertue
and
good
liuing
,
making
least
accompt
of
those
that
dwell
furthest
of
and
most
of
themselues
.
Furthermore
in
the
tyme
of
the
Medes
empyre
,
certayn
familyes
exercised
mutuall
gouernment
,
that
is
,
were
rulers
ouer
some
and
ruled
by
others
,
for
the
Medes
generally
weare
rulers
and
chieflly
ouer
those
that
dwelt
next
them
:
who
in
like
sort
had
the
ouersight
of
such
as
bordered
vpon
them
:
to
whom
also
in
order
was
permitted
the
rule
and
moderation
of
others
.
Like
to
this
manner
of
gouernment
was
the
loue
and
familaritye
that
was
also
of
the
Pesians
,
alwayes
louinge
those
best
that
were
their
neerest
neighbours
.
Of
all
countryes
in
the
world
the
Persians
are
most
delighted
with
forrayne
and
outlandish
maners
:
wherfore
leauing
their
owne
countrey
vesture
,
they
put
themselues
in
Medish
attyre
,
deeming
it
better
&
more
seemly
the●their
owne
,
wearyng
vpon
their
hands
a
kynd
of
placars
or
stomacher
vsed
of
the
Aegyptians
.
Moreouer
they
are
drawen
with
all
kynd
of
pleasure
&
delight
which
they
can
either
inuent
themselues
or
learne
of
other
:
learning
of
the
Grecians
to
be
in
loue
with
beautiful
boyes
.
They
wed
many
virgines
,
&
woo
more
concubynes
.
In
the
next
place
to
strenght
&
valiaunt
courage
,
they
make
most
of
him
that
hath
most
children
,
whom
anually
the
king
indueth
with
a
great
reward
as
though
he
had
atchined
some
notable
act
.
Their
children
from
5.
yere
old
til
they
come
to
20.
they
trayne
&
bringe
vp
in
3
principal
things
in
ryding
,
in
shoting
,
&
speaking
truth
The
child
neuer
commeth
into
the
fathers
sight
before
he
●e
5
yeare
old
,
but
is
brought
vp
priuily
among
the
company
of
women
,
to
the
end
that
if
the
child
dye
before
he
aspyre
to
that
age
the
father
may
conceaue
no
griefe
or
sorrow
for
the
same
.
Which
custome
truly
I
greatly
commend
:
as
also
this
that
it
be
not
lawfull
for
the
king
for
one
offence
to
bereaue
a
man
of
hys
lyfe
:
nor
for
any
of
that
Persians
to
practise
cruelty
vpon
his
family
being
moued
therto
by
one
only
transgression
But
breathing
vppon
the
cause
if
by
good
aduysemente
he
founde
more
and
greater
faultes
committed
then
duties●
perfourmed
:
then
to
geue
the
brydle
to
hys
anger
&
worke
hys
wil.
Besides
they
are
in
opinion
in
that
countrey
,
that
no
man
at
anye
tyme
slew
his
owne
father
:
but
that
the
child
so
doing
vppon
examination
and
tryal
had
of
his
byrth
is
awaies
found
to
be
a
bastard
and
changling
.
Thinkinge
it
a
thinge
vnpossible
that
the
naturall
childe
should
euer
aduenture
to
brew
the
destruction
of
his
owne
and
lawfull
syre
.
Whatsoeuer
is
dishonest
to
do
that
also
they
esteeme
vnseemly
to
speake
.
But
of
all
thinges
they
accompt
it
most
abhominable
to
lye
:
and
next
to
that
to
bee
much
in
debt
:
both
for
many
other
respectes
,
and
chiefly
because
they
thinke
it
skarse
possible
for
him
that
oweth
much
not
to
dissemble
and
lye
much
,
if
any
one
be
infected
with
leprosie
,
or
otherwyse
di●●eined
with
vncleannes
of
the
body
,
he
may
not
come
within
th●
citye
,
or
vse
the
company
of
any
Persian
,
alleaging
that
for
offence
and
transgression
agaynst
that
sunne
they
were
punished
and
attaynted
with
such
diseases
.
And
if
happily
it
befall
a
straunger
or
forreyuer
to
be
taken
with
such
like
sicknesse
,
they
banish
and
expell
him
the
countrey
:
for
the
same
reason
also
chasting
and
skaringe
all
Pigeons
and
doues
out
of
the
circuite
and
compasse
of
theyr
region
.
It
is
open
blasphamy
with
the
same
people
,
(
not
onely
repugnant
to
good
maners
and
ciuility
)
to
pisse
or
spitte
into
anye
brooke
or
riuer
,
likewyse
to
wash
his
handes
therein
,
or
any
such
lyke
,
wherof
the
water
may
conceaue
any
maner
fylth
or
corruption
:
verye
deuoutlye
and
with
great
religion
,
yelding
worship
&
honour
to
that
flouds
&
riuers
.
This
also
is
peculier
to
that
Persians
,
which
not
marked
by
them
,
is
knowen
of
vs
,
that
all
the
wordes
in
theyr
language
which
consist
of
4
or
more
sillables
do
commonly
end
in
one
letter
:
which
letter
the
Dores
cal
San
the
Iones
Sigma
.
And
if
we
loke
more
narrowlye
into
theire
speech
,
and
note
that
wel
we
shal
fynd
not
onely
some
but
all
the
names
of
the
Persians
to
haue
their
termination
and
endinge
alyke
which
for
that
I
know
it
assuredly
I
am
not
afraid
to
a●ouch
it
constantly
,
being
in
halfe
a
doubt
in
like
sort
to
awarrant
&
beare
out
the
truth
of
those
things
which
the
same
people
are
sayd
to
obserue
about
the
dead
bodyes
of
their
countrimen
,
whom
(
as
the
rumor
is
)
they
neuer
b●ryeor
intumulate
before
such
tyme
as
either
by
dogges
or
foules
of
the
aire
,
they
are
drawen
and
haled
about
.
Which
thinges
that
their
wisemen
doe
,
whom
they
call
Magi
,
I
dare
vndoubttedly
affyrme
,
because
they
manifestly
do
them
.
The
Persians
therfore
inrowling
and
wrapping
that
dead
body
in
waxe
they
afterwardes
interrupt
and
lay
it
in
the
graue
.
The
Magi
do
much
dissent
and
differ
from
other
men
:
beyng
also
vnlyke
and
diuerse
in
their
customes
from
the
priestes
of
Aegipt
.
For
the
Aegyptian
Priestes
refuse
to
defyle
and
pollute
themselues
with
the
slaughter
of
any
creature
,
sauing
of
those
which
they
sacrifyce
to
the
Gods
.
But
that
Persian
Magi
are
not
squemish
or
dainty
to
imbrew
their
hands
in
the
b●●●d
of
any
liuing
thing
what
soeuer
,
onely
excepted
a
man
or
a
dogge
esteeming
it
in
maner
of
a
conquest
to
be
noted
for
a
common
kyller
and
destroyer
of
Ants
,
Serpentes
,
byrdes
,
wormes
and
such
lyke
,
wherin
they
greatly
glory
.
Sufficeth
it
now
of
the
Persian
fashions
and
order
of
liuing
to
haue
spoken
hetherto
,
eftsones
making
recourse
to
that
from
the
which
we
haue
somwhat
digressed
.
The
people
of
Ionia
&
Aeolia
hearyng
the
Lydians
with
so
smal
endeuour
and
welny
without
blowes
to
be
conquered
Craesus
.
To
whose
suite
&
humble
petition
Cyrus
made
answeare
by
this
similitude
or
apology
.
A
certayn
fisher
(
quoth
he
)
beholding
in
the
sea
great
plenty
of
fyshe
began
to
play
very
pleasuntly
on
his
pype
su●yosing
that
at
the
sweete
sound
of
his
harmony
the
●ish
would
haue
leaped
out
to
the
land
:
but
frustrate
of
his
hope
,
in
a
great
heathe
cast
his
nets
into
the
sea
&
iuclus●g
a
geate
number
drew
to
shore
where
seyng
them
leape
and
play
vpon
the
dry
ground
:
Nay
now
(
quoth
he
)
you
daunce
to
late
,
seyng
that
when
I
pyped
before
,
you
refused
to
come
.
Which
speech
he
vsed
for
that
hauing
before
tyme
disdayned
his
gentle
offer
beyng
sollicited
by
him
to
reuolt
from
Craesus
to
the
Persians
:
Now
when
they
sawe
the
worlde
chaunged
,
&
the
euent
of
thinges
not
answearable
to
their
expectation
,
they
made
offer
of
their
seruice
,
and
signifyed
themselues
ready
prest
to
do
hys
commaundements
:
wherfore
moued
with
displeasure
agaynst
them
with
this
briefe
answeare
he
sent
them
away
.
The
people
of
Ionia
hearyng
this
,
repayred
euery
one
to
their
owne
cityes
,
to
fortify
and
make
strong
their
walles
.
Hauinge
before
by
a
generall
counsayle
or
Synode
assembled
themselues
in
Panionium
where
they
all
mett
sauing
the
Milesians
whom
Cyrus
receyued
into
fauour
,
vnder
the
same
condition
as
he
had
taken
the
Lydians
,
to
the
rest
of
the
Ionians
it
seemed
best
by
common
consent
to
send
legates
into
Sparta
,
aswel
to
certify
the
Lacedaemonians
of
their
present
estate
as
to
craue
&
implore
their
assistance
.
The
people
of
Ionia
vnto
whom
the
temple
of
Panionium
doth
belong
,
haue
their
places
of
residence
and
abode
so
pleasaunt
and
delectable
,
that
what
for
the
excellent
temperature
and
myldnesse
of
the
ayre
and
deuyne
benefyte
and
commodity
of
the
mountaynes
,
there
is
no
people
in
all
Greece
comparable
vnto
them
.
For
neither
the
hygher
region
nor
the
lower
,
nether
the
East
commeth
,
nor
the
west
approacheth
any
thing
nere
to
the
excellency
therof
,
the
one
beyng
for
the
most
part
very
coulde
or
to
much
ouergone
with
water
:
the
other
(
that
is
to
say
the
higher
coast
)
burnt
vp
&
pestered
with
heat
,
and
dust
.
The
language
vsed
in
Ionia
is
not
all
one
,
but
reduced
and
brought
to
4
sundry
propertyes
&
formes
of
speech
Myletus
the
chiefe
city
amongs
them
,
bounding
to
the
south
,
&
after
that
Myrus
&
Pryene
situated
in
Caria
vse
all
one
tosig
.
But
the
cities
in
Lydia
(
to
witt
)
Ephesus
,
Colophon
,
Lebedus
,
Teos
,
Clazomenae
,
Phocaea
:
albeit
they
agree
not
in
speach
with
the
places
forenamed
,
yet
betweene
themselues
they
speake
alike
.
The
residue
which
are
three
:
two
are
Isles
,
Samus
&
Chios
:
one
in
the
mayne
called
Erythrae
,
doe
differ
much
in
phrase
and
manner
of
wordes
.
Chios
&
Erithrae
iumping
in
one
,
the
other
which
is
Samus
challenging
vnto
it selfe
a
diuerse
&
straunge
form
of
language
from
the
rest
:
wherbyit
is
euident
,
that
theyr
speach
is
qualifyed
by
4
sundrye
differences
.
Of
these
people
were
the
MILESIANS
who
vnder
coloure
and
pretence
of
feare
came
to
league
and
couenant
with
Cyrus
.
As
for
those
cityes
that
were
incompassed
by
the
sea
,
they
had
lesse
cause
to
feare
&
more
to
liue
in
greater
security
then
the
rest
.
Both
for
that
the
Phaenecians
were
not
yet
tributory
to
the
seat
of
Persia
,
and
the
Persians
themselues
were
vnaccustomed
to
sea
battels
&
vsed
no
shippes
.
The
same
for
no
other
cause
then
that
they
knew
the
Graecians
to
be
weake
and
mightles
,
and
of
all
the
rest
,
the
Ionians
to
be
of
least
power
and
smallest
valure
,
withdrew
&
alienated
themselues
from
the
other
cityes
in
Ionia
.
Foras
much
as
setting
Athens
aside
there
was
noe
citye
of
principal
fame
in
all
that
toast
.
So
that
both
other
regions
there
inhabitaunt
,
and
also
the
Athenians
flatly
renounced
to
bee
called
Ionians
many
of
them
beynge
ashamed
of
the
name
.
wheras
cōtrariwysethe
12
cities
are
not
alitle
proud
therof
greatly
vaunting
themselues
vnder
the
tytle
of
Ionians
wherefore
hauinge
once
called
them selues
Paninoi
,
they
built
also
atemple
,
intytling
it
after
their
owne
name
Panionium
,
decreeyng
and
consenting
neuer
to
admitte
any
other
to
the
society
and
felowship
of
the
same
.
Neyther
was
ther
any
very
desyrous
to
be
made
pertakers
therof
sauing
the
Smyrneans
.
The
lyke
thing
happened
to
the
Dorienses
Heya
polis
,
who
by
the
generall
decree
and
ordinaunce
of
the
rest
,
arenot
suffred
to
inioy
the
libertyes
of
the
palaice
Triopium
.
Excluding
therfore
certayne
of
theire
owne
natyue
people
For
the
violation
and
breach
of
a
law
or
priuilege
belonging
to
the
temple
.
For
in
the
games
of
Appollo
Triopius
certayne
three
footed
stooles
beynge
appoynted
for
hym
that
wan
the
price
(
which
neuertheles
it
was
not
lawful
to
cary
out
of
the
temple
,
but
in
the
same
place
to
make
dedication
therof
to
the
god
)
one
Agasicles
of
Halicarnassus
attayning
the
victorye
strayned
cursye
with
the
law
,
and
taking
away
the
stole
with
him
caryed
it
home
to
his
owne
howse
:
For
which
deed
the
5
other
cityes
,
Lyndus
,
Ialissus
,
Cameirus
,
Cos
,
and
Cindus
.
sequestred
Halicarnassus
beyng
the
sixt
from
the
right
and
freedome
of
the
temple
:
leuiyng
a
mucle
or
peine
vppon
the
whole
citye
,
for
the
bold
enterprise
of
their
valerous
champyon
Agasicles
howbeit
the
Ionians
seeme
vppon
good
ground
and
iust
consideration
to
haue
parted
their
countrey
into
12
cityes
refusing
to
amplify
and
augment
the
number
beyng
iust
so
maney
partes
of
Peloponnesus
,
wherin
that
tyme
they
dwelt
,
euen
as
now
also
the
Acheans
,
who
draue
and
expelled
the
Iones
out
of
theyr
proper
seat
are
iustlye
deuyded
into
so
many
partes
.
The
first
and
principall
whrerof
is
named
Pallena
:
after
whiche
are
recounted
Aegyrae
and
Aagae
perpetually
washed
and
moystned
with
the
pleasaunt
streame
of
the
riuer
Crathis
which
is
also
called
Italicus
.
In
the
next
place
are
reputed
the
cityes
Bura
and
Helice
,
whether
the
Ionians
discomfited
in
battayle
by
the
Achoeans
fledde
for
succoure
,
next
vnto
Helice
are
these
Aegion
with
the
people
called
Rhypes
,
also
the
Patrenses
,
Pharenses
,
and
the
city
Olenus
,
by
the
which
scowreth
the
swift
and
maine
riuer
Pyrus
.
Last
of
al
Dyma
and
the
Trytaeenses
that
dwell
in
the
middle
tracte
of
the
region
.
These
are
the
12
seuerall
and
distinct
parcels
of
Achaea
:
which
afore
tyme
were
held
and
possessed
by
the
Ionians
,
who
for
the
same
cause
onlye
,
and
none
other
kept
the
number
of
twelue
Cityes
,
without
desyre
to
multiplye
or
increase
the
same
.
Whom
precipuallye
notwithstandinge
and
aboue
others
to
call
Ionians
yt
were
great
madnes
,
since
the
people
Abantes
also
are
of
the
proper
lineage
and
naturall
stocke
of
Ionia
,
which
neuertheles
haue
estranged
themselues
from
the
name
of
Iones
Lykewyse
the
Minyans
intermedled
and
mingled
with
the
Orchomenians
,
the
Cadmaeans
,
Dryopians
Phocenses
,
Molossians
,
Arcadyans
,
Pelasgians
,
Dores
,
Epidaurians
,
&
many
other
nations
confused
and
ioyned
one
with
another
.
Of
which
number
they
that
went
out
of
the
court
or
castell
of
Athens
named
Prytanêum
and
reputed
themselues
the
noblest
and
most
principal
of
the
Iones
(
at
what
tyme
,
being
singled
from
the
whole
multitude
of
the
Athenians
they
went
to
dwel
in
an
other
prouince
)
had
with
them
no
wiues
of
their
owne
:
in
steed
whereof
they
vsed
certayne
women
of
Caria
,
whose
parentes
they
had
before
tyme
slayne
.
By
reason
of
which
slaughter
the
dames
of
Caria
,
toke
a
solemne
vow
(
which
they
likewyse
caused
their
daughters
diligently
to
obserue
)
neuer
to
sit
at
meate
with
theyr
husbandes
,
nor
cal
them
by
their
own
names
.
For
that
hauing
cruelly
murthered
their
fathers
,
their
first
husbandes
,
&
their
sonnes
:
they
had
also
haled
them
poore
widowes
much
agaynst
their
willes
,
to
their
vnchast
and
fylthy
couches
.
All
which
thinges
were
done
at
the
city
Miletus
in
Ionia
.
Furthermore
the
kinges
of
Ionia
and
such
as
weare
aduaunced
to
the
sumpreme
regiment
of
the
countreye
:
were
partly
of
Lysia
comen
of
the
lyne
of
Glaucus
sonne
of
Hippolochus
,
and
partly
selected
and
chosen
out
of
the
Citye
Pylus
,
drawing
theyr
progeny
from
Codrus
sonne
of
Melanthus
.
Notwithstanding
the
name
and
tytle
of
the
Ionians
,
they
most
willingly
holde
and
embrace
,
of
whom
wee
spake
before
:
and
in
very
deede
are
naturally
so
:
how beit
not
they
onely
,
but
all
the
rest
which
comming
of
the
Athenians
kepe
and
solemnize
the
festiuall
dayes
called
Apaturia
,
are
subiect
to
the
selfe
same
name
.
Which
custome
of
celebration
,
is
vniuersally
held
and
obserued
of
all
besydes
the
Ephesians
and
Colophonians
,
who
by
means
of
a
murder
committed
,
are
prohibited
and
restrayned
therefro
.
Now
it
is
meete
we
know
that
Panyonium
is
a
certayne
holy
and
religious
place
in
Mycale
inclyninge
to
the
North
dedicated
by
the
whole
countrey
of
Ionia
to
Neptune
,
syrnamed
Heliconius
.
Mycale
is
a
promontory
or
high
place
lyinge
in
the
firme
lande
towardes
the
sea
,
the
wa●e
syde
wherof
pertayneth
to
the
ys●e
Samus
.
To
this
mountayne
the
people
called
Iones
assemble
and
gather
togeather
,
to
perfourme
the
ceremonies
of
immolation
and
sacrifyce
,
which
they
call
by
the
name
of
the
place
Panionia
.
It
is
to
be
noted
also
,
not
onely
in
the
solemnity
of
Ionia
,
but
in
the
feastes
&
religious
dayes
of
al
the
Graetians
,
how
like
vnto
the
name
of
the
Persians
they
end
all
in
a
letter
.
We
haue
heard
then
of
the
cityes
of
Ionia
,
what
&
how
many
in
number
they
are
,
it
followeth
,
that
wee
speake
of
Cumae
,
which
is
also
called
Phryconis
,
Larissae
,
Newalle
,
Teuus
,
Cylla
,
Notium
Aegyroessa
,
Aegaea
,
Myrina
.
Crynia
.
And
these
eleuen
were
the
auncient
cityes
of
Aeolia
.
Hereunto
was
added
in
in
tyme
past
Smyrna
,
a
city
belonging
to
this
region
,
which
now
hangeth
as
it
were
betwene
the
Ionians
and
Aeolians
,
and
is
reckned
for
part
of
neit
her
.
Otherwyse
(
as
we
see
)
both
the
nations
had
bene
equall
in
the
number
of
cityes
.
All
the
townes
of
Aeolia
are
spred
in
the
mayne
in
power
and
dominion
going
beyond
the
Iones
but
in
the
temperate
calmnesse
of
the
ayre
comming
farre
behynde
them
.
The
Aeolia
,
they
fel
to
condition
the
restoring
to
the
Smyrneans
all
their
necessaryes
and
mouable
goods
,
yt
shoulde
bee
lawful
for
them
to
hold
the
city
in
peace
:
wherunto
the
contrary
part
hauing
geuen
theire
consent
it
was
agreed
by
the
eleuen
cityes
of
Aeolia
to
deuyde
the
rest
betwene
them
,
eueryone
making
choyse
of
their
owne
citizens
.
Such
therfore
and
so
many
in
number
are
the
cityes
of
the
maine
,
excepting
those
that
inhabite
Ida
,
which
are
not
referred
to
the
former
accompt
.
This
also
:
Lesbos
is
impeopled
with
fyue
sea
Cityes
planted
in
ylandes
:
hauing
once
also
possessed
the
sixte
called
Arisba
,
with
the
Methymneans
,
seduced
and
withdrew
from
the
rest
,
as
alied
to
themselues
in
kyndred
and
lyneage
.
There
was
also
a
citye
founded
in
Tenedos
,
and
an
other
in
the
place
called
the
hundred
Iles.
Now
the
people
of
Lesbos
and
Tenedos
with
the
rest
of
the
Graecians
inuyroned
by
the
sea
,
had
no
cause
to
bee
dismayed
or
troubled
.
But
the
other
cityes
of
the
land
determined
to
take
such
part
as
the
Iones
did
and
to
follow
them
.
Wherefore
the
ambassadours
of
both
nations
in
short
space
landing
at
Sparta
:
they
chose
one
Pythermus
a
Phocaean
to
be
the
mouth
of
that
rest
,
and
to
reueale
their
suite
to
the
Lacedaemonians
,
who
at
that
fame
of
the
ambassadours
arryuall
flockinge
together
in
greate
heapes
,
Pythermus
stoode
forth
&
in
many
wordes
moued
the
Lacaedemonians
to
imploy
their
ayd
&
assistance
to
succour
the
rest
:
but
they
geuing
litle
eare
to
his
talke
with
out
purpose
to
moue
one
foote
in
the
behalfe
of
Ionia
sente
them
away
,
Pythermus
and
his
company
in
this
wise
repulsed
,
made
speedy
returne
to
Ionia
.
Howbeit
the
Lacedaemonians
desyrous
to
vnderstand
the
successe
of
Cyrus
,
and
the
Graecians
sent
forth
a
bragandyne
or
shippe
of
espyall
to
prye
and
listen
how
all
thinges
wente
.
Who
beyng
sodaynlye
driuen
to
shore
at
Phocae
a
spyed
one
Lacrines
the
stoutest
champyon
in
the
rout
of
Sardis
,
wher
king
Cyrus
made
his
abode
to
geue
hym
to
witt
from
the
Lacaedemonians
that
he
should
not
endamage
or
abuse
the
Grecians
any
way
vnder
payne
of
theyr
,
heauye
wrath
and
displeasure
.
Cyrus
hearyng
the
bold
message
of
Lacrines
,
demaunded
of
certayne
Grecians
that
stode
about
him
,
what
maner
of
fellowes
the
Spartans
were
,
and
how
manye
in
number
,
which
after
he
vnderstode
he
made
hym
this
answeare
.
Verily
(
my
friend
sayde
he
)
I
neuer
stode
in
awe
or
feare
of
those
which
in
the
middest
theyr
citye
haue
avoyde
place
wherby
mutuall
othes
,
fayned
vowes
,
and
protestations
,
they
defraude
&
cosine
each
other
:
whom
if
the
Gods
spare
me
life
I
wil
one
day
cause
to
leaue
of
the
regarde
of
other
mens
miseryes
and
bewayle
theire
owne
.
Which
wordes
were
vttered
by
Cyrus
in
mockage
and
derision
to
all
the
Grecians
,
for
hauing
such
wyde
and
wast
marketplaces
,
for
open
sale
and
marchaundise
.
For
the
Persians
neyther
haue
any
such
place
for
exchaunge
and
chapmandry
,
neyther
are
troubled
at
any
tyme
with
buyinge
or
selling
.
After
this
leauing
the
rule
and
gouernment
of
Sardis
to
one
Tabalus
a
Persian
:
and
hauing
in
like
maner
geuen
one
Pactyas
a
man
of
the
countrey
of
Lydia
in
charge
with
the
goods
of
Craesus
,
and
the
rest
of
the
Lydians
accompanied
with
Craesus
,
he
toke
hys
voyage
toward
Ecbatana
,
the
chiefe
citye
of
the
Medes
and
hauing
no
greate
regarde
of
Ionia
,
albeit
they
were
fyrst
to
bee
dealt
withall
(
as
scanning
more
sedious
in
his
heade
touching
the
Babilonians
,
Bactrians
,
Sacans
,
Aegiptians
,
all
which
he
determined
to
assayle
by
warre
)
hee
sent
agaynst
the
Iones
some
other
of
of
his
capteynes
.
Being
newly
departed
from
Sardis
Pactias
caused
the
Lydians
to
rebell
from
Tabalus
,
and
the
Persians
,
and
hauing
in
hys
custodye
all
the
wealth
and
tresure
of
Sardis
he
toke
sea
and
leauied
a
power
of
hyred
souldiours
,
procuring
the
helpe
and
supply
of
all
the
cityes
lying
on
the
shore
.
Who
beyng
moued
by
his
earnest
intreaty
ioyned
with
him
:
and
remouing
hys
tentes
to
Sardis
,
forced
Tabalus
to
take
the
tower
for
hys
defence
and
sauegarde
,
where
he
planted
his
army
in
a
siege
against
him
.
Tydings
hereof
beynge
brought
vnto
Cyrus
,
who
was
yet
in
his
iourney
,
he
turned
himselfe
vnto
Craesus
,
and
spake
on
this
maner
.
When
wil
it
be
O
Craesus
(
quoth
he
)
that
I
shall
be
quiet
&
haue
nothing
to
do
?
wil
the
Lydiaus
neuer
leaue
of
to
trouble
me
and
themselues
in
such
wyse
?
were
I
not
best
to
make
slaues
of
them
and
kepe
them
vnder
by
miserable
thralldome
and
bondage
?
For
in
this
that
I
haue
already
done
I
am
not
vnlike
to
hym
that
hauing
slayne
the
father
,
taketh
pity
on
the
children
.
Forasmuch
as
I
haue
led
thee
awaye
captyue
beynge
more
then
a
father
to
the
Lydians
:
and
restored
to
themselues
theyr
city
againe
.
So
that
I
cannot
but
greatly
maruayle
what
cause
mighte
moue
them
so
sodaynly
to
cast
of
obedience
and
become
disloyall
.
Craesus
fearyng
least
in
his
fury
he
would
haue
beaten
down
and
defaced
the
city
:
began
thus
(
and
sayde
)
most
worthye
Cyrus
thou
hast
spoken
very
well
and
wisely
:
yet
neuer
thelesse
it
behoueth
thee
to
moderate
thyne
anger
,
and
not
to
suffer
a
citye
of
so
great
fame
and
antiquity
to
be
wholly
ouerthrowen
:
whiche
(
the
Gods
doe
knowe
)
is
all
togeather
innocent
both
of
the
former
offences
that
were
done
agaynst
thee
&
of
the
presente
treason
which
is
now
in
hand
,
the
first
trespasse
(
o
kinge
)
I
did
my selfe
,
and
I
smart
for
it
:
the
second
hath
Pactyas
done
,
and
let
him
feele
the
price
of
it
.
But
to
the
Lydians
(
noble
pr●●ce
)
shew
mercy
&
compassyon
,
and
fynd
some
meanes
by
infeebling
their
strength
to
preuent
their
courage
,
and
to
take
from
them
all
occasion
of
treason
heareafter
.
Commaund
therfore
that
no
man
amonges
them
be
founde
to
keepe
any
war
like
weapons
in
his
house
:
ordayninge
besides
that
auorde
their
coats
they
weare
cloakes
,
drawing
on
their
feete
pumpes
and
buskins
,
inioyne
them
to
bringe
vp
their
children
in
playing
on
the
cithren
,
in
singing
,
in
keping
of
tauernes
and
vintninge
houses
:
and
vndoubtedlye
thou
shalt
see
that
of
valiant
men
and
warlike
people
they
will
shortely
become
effeminate
and
like
vnto
women
:
that
there
shal
be
no
cause
to
feare
least
euer
hereafter
they
rise
agaynst
thee
.
These
things
Craesus
put
into
his
head
,
thirking
it
better
for
the
Lydians
to
liue
in
this
sort
then
to
bee
comonly
solde
for
salues
and
vassals
,
knowing
that
if
in
case
he
had
not
framed
a
very
reasonable
deuyse
,
he
could
neuer
haue
remoued
Cyrus
from
his
purpose
.
It
is
also
to
bee
thought
that
he
feared
least
the
whole
nation
of
the
Lydians
should
be
cleane
rooted
out
and
destroied
by
the
Persians
if
escaping
this
at
any
tyme
hereafter
they
sought
to
rebel
.
Cyrus
right
glad
at
the
counsayle
and
deuyse
of
Craesus
,
gaue
him
promise
to
do
thereafter
,
wherfore
callinge
vnto
him
Mazares
a
captayne
of
the
Medes
,
hee
warned
him
to
charge
the
Lydians
with
the
accomplishment
and
perfourmance
of
all
those
thinges
that
Craesus
had
told
hym
:
with
a
straight
commaundement
to
let
none
of
those
escape
vnsold
for
bondmen
which
had
accompanied
the
Lydians
in
the
assault
of
Sardis
.
As
for
Pactyas
the
principall
,
he
commaunded
himto
be
taken
and
brought
aliue
.
Which
thinges
after
he
had
left
to
the
discretion
of
Mazares
,
hee
proceeded
immediatly
towardes
Persia
his
natiue
countrey
.
Nowe
Pacyas
hauing
knowledge
that
the
army
drew
nere
,
raysed
the
syege
and
fled
to
Cumae
,
whom
Mazares
spedily
arriued
at
Sardis
,
and
hearing
him
with
the
rest
of
his
company
to
be
vanished
away
.
Fyrst
of
al
bound
the
Lydians
diligently
to
perfourme
all
those
things
that
Cyrus
had
commaunded
.
In
the
next
place
sending
messengers
to
Cumae
to
wil
them
to
render
and
yeld
vp
Pactyas
.
The
Cumaeans
toke
counsayle
togeather
&
decreed
to
send
Branchyde
to
the
God
inguiring
of
him
what
was
best
to
be
done
.
For
as
much
as
in
the
place
rested
an
oracle
very
auncient
&
of
long
continuance
,
which
semblably
the
people
also
of
sonia
&
Aeolia
did
vse
and
frequent
.
This
prophecy
was
situate
in
a
certayne
field
of
the
Milesi●ns
about
the
hauen
Panormus
whether
the
Cumaeans
at
this
time
sent
for
aduise
in
their
affayres
,
demaunding
what
they
might
do
in
this
case
that
might
seme
most
acceptable
and
approued
to
the
gods
.
Answere
was
made
the
Pactyas
should
be
restored
to
the
Persians
:
which
the
people
hearyng
and
thinking
it
wisedome
to
obay
the
oracle
,
were
fully
mynded
so
to
do
.
Howbeit
,
the
more
part
of
them
bendyng
&
inclyning
hereto
one
Aristodi●us
borne
of
Heraclides
,
a
man
of
no
small
accompt
amongs
them
,
either
for
that
hee
beleued
not
the
oracle
or
mistrusted
the
messengers
that
were
sent
vnto
it
,
earnestly
with
stood
it
tooth
&
naile
,
in
no
wise
suffring
the
Cumaeans
to
obay
the
voyce
&
suggestion
of
the
God
,
whervpon
it
came
to
passe
the
other
messengers
were
sent
the
seconde
tyme
,
to
wit
the
priestes
&
religious
men
of
the
citye
,
Aristodicus
himselfe
making
one
of
the
company
,
who
beyng
come
to
the
place
where
the
god
held
his
seate
,
humbly
besought
hym
in
these
wordes
.
Ther
came
vnto
vs
(
O
king
)
a
certayne
Lydian
named
Pyctyas
prostrate
in
all
humility
,
pitifully
crauing
&
beseeching
vs
to
saue
&
assist
him
from
the
vyolent
&
cruel
hands
of
his
spyteful
&
enraged
enemies
we
(
albeit
dreading
the
might
&
power
of
the
Persians
:
)
yet
haue
not
deliuered
him
,
vntil
we
vnderstoode
of
thy
diuine
wisedome
what
pertained
to
vs
to
doe
in
so
doubtful
a
case
.
Hauing
ended
his
speach
,
he
receaued
the
like
answere
as
before
,
the
Pactyas
was
to
be
yelded
into
the
hands
of
the
Persians
:
wher
with
all
Aristodicus
being
angry
of
set
purpose
wrought
this
fact
.
As
he
walked
about
the
temple
certain
young
sparrowes
&
other
birds
that
built
there
he
toke
out
of
their
nests
&
sodaynly
a
voice
was
hard
out
of
the
inner
part
of
the
temple
saying
:
thou
wicked
&
malicious
wretch
what
makes
thee
in
this
sort
,
to
spoile
the
nests
of
my
innocent
suppliantes
,
wherunto
Aristodicus
answeryng
:
(
o
king
quoth
hee
)
dost
thou
so
greatly
fauour
and
regard
those
that
flye
vnto
thee
for
succour
,
and
yet
biddest
the
Cumaeans
to
delyuer
Pacty
▪
as
into
the
handes
of
hys
enemyes
?
To
which
the
God
replying
.
Truly
,
sayd
he
,
I
bid
you
all
goe
to
the
deuil
,
and
neuer
hereafter
to
sollicite
this
oracle
about
the
restoring
of
your
suppliantes
.
The
Cumaeans
certifyed
of
this
last
answeare
determined
nether
to
giue
vp
Pactyas
to
be
slayn
of
the
Persians
:
nor
yet
by
keeping
him
stil
to
bring
Cyrus
to
the
subersion
and
ruine
of
their
citye
.
Wherefore
they
sent
him
secretly
away
to
Mytelaeane
.
But
Mazares
in
lyke
sort
making
challenge
of
him
from
thence
,
the
Mitylinaeans
couenaunted
vppon
a
certayne
pryce
to
surrender
hym
.
Which
notwithstanding
I
dare
not
auouch
and
verifie
for
that
the
matter
came
not
to
full
issue
and
perfection
.
The
people
of
Cumae
vnderstandyng
in
what
distresse
Pacctyas
was
at
Mytilaene
,
sent
a
barke
to
Lesbos
,
where
hee
went
a
borde
and
was
spedely
landed
at
Chyus
,
where
hauing
taken
sanctuary
in
the
gardian
temple
of
Minerua
,
he
was
neuertheles
haled
out
violently
by
the
Chians
,
&
geuen
to
his
ennemyes
.
The
Peraeans
gaue
in
reward
to
the
citye
Chius
a
certayne
field
of
Mysia
named
Aetarnaeus
right
ouer
agaynst
Lesbos
.
By
this
meanes
was
Pactyas
in
warre
with
the
Persians
,
when
oportunity
serued
to
be
geuen
into
the
handes
of
Cyrus
.
Neuerthelesse
of
the
fruites
and
increase
of
Atarnaeus
,
for
a
longe
tyme
after
the
people
of
Chius
,
neyther
made
any
barly
cakes
to
offer
to
the
gods
,
nor
wrought
any
paast
of
the
meale
thereof
for
iunkets
&
banquetting
dishes
.
And
in
briefe
what
soeuer
the
ground
yeelded
they
flatly
abolished
from
the
seruice
and
worship
of
the
gods
.
Pactyas
beyng
betrayed
by
the
Chians
,
Mazares
without
further
delay
lead
his
army
agaynst
those
that
had
ministred
ayde
to
hym
in
gettyng
the
city
,
and
conqueringe
the
Pryenses
,
he
began
to
wast
and
depopulate
the
fieldes
of
Maeander
,
geuing
the
whole
pray
and
booty
to
his
souldiours
.
Which
done
,
in
semblable
manner
he
gaue
the
onset
to
Magnesia
,
and
lastly
attached
with
extremitye
of
sicknes
,
finished
hys
lyfe
.
In
whose
steed
Harpagus
,
who
was
also
Mede
,
guyded
the
army
.
This
was
hee
whom
king
Astiages
intertayned
with
a
banket
of
his
sonnes
flesh
:
and
by
whose
meanes
Cyrus
before
tyme
aspyred
to
the
estate
royall
.
To
hym
the
chiefe
gouernment
of
the
army
was
nextly
committed
:
who
comming
into
Ionia
,
intrenched
many
cityes
and
tooke
them
.
For
hauing
first
of
all
compelled
them
to
vse
the
refuge
and
defence
of
their
walles
,
he
raysed
bulwarkes
agaynst
their
townes
,
and
with
small
force
caused
them
to
yeelde
.
In
which
manner
he
wanne
Phocaea
,
the
chiefe
city
of
the
Iones
,
the
people
whereof
first
of
all
the
Grecians
wan●ered
on
the
sea
in
long
and
ample
voyages
,
fynding
out
and
discrying
both
the
countreyes
themselues
,
Adria
,
Tyrrhenia
,
Iberia
,
Tartessus
,
and
the
nerest
cu●●
also
and
rediest
way
of
nauigation
to
the
same
.
At
which
tyme
they
had
in
vse
no
beaked
or
snow●ed
shippes
armed
with
a
pyke
or
stemme
of
iron
,
but
smaller
and
lighter
vessels
driuen
with
is
oeres
ap●ece
.
These
at
their
first
arryual
to
Tartessus
,
were
very
welcome
to
the
king
whose
name
was
Arganthonius
and
by
whom
the
kingdome
had
bene
gouerned
80
yeares
,
liuing
by
the
space
of
120.
Who
made
so
passyng
much
of
the
Phocaeans
;
and
shewed
them
so
curteous
intertaynment
,
that
he
left
it
in
their
power
to
chose
any
part
of
his
kingdome
to
inhabite
,
wherevnto
not
able
to
allure
them
by
any
perswations
,
and
hearyng
by
them
how
the
power
of
Harpagus
dayly
increased
,
hee
gaue
them
an
infinite
summe
of
moneye
to
inuyron
and
compasse
about
their
citye
with
a
wall
.
The
circuit
of
their
wall
beyng
no
small
number
of
furlongs
in
scope
and
compasse
,
framed
&
compacted
of
greate
and
huge
stones
layd
togeather
with
singuler
cunning
:
by
this
meanes
was
the
wall
of
the
Phocaeans
builded
.
Agaynst
whom
Harpagus
incamping
his
power
gaue
fierse
&
mightye
assault
to
the
city
,
giuing
them
vnderstanding
withall
that
it
should
suffyce
and
content
him
if
they
would
throw
downe
but
one
fortres
or
gardure
of
their
wall
for
himself
to
build
an
house
on
.
But
the
Phocaeans
abhorryng
nothing
more
then
seruitude
&
losse
of
liberty
,
required
of
him
one
dayes
deliberation
in
the
cause
,
and
for
that
whyle
to
reclayme
his
armye
from
the
walles
Harpagus
(
albeit
as
he
sayd
)
hee
verye
well
knewe
what
they
meant
to
do
neuerthelesse
,
graunted
them
space
to
breath
and
bethinke
themselues
.
The
army
goyng
from
the
city
,
forth
with
the
people
of
Phocaea
with
their
wiues
and
children
and
all
their
substaunce
tooke
sea
,
in
shippinge
besides
all
the
ymages
of
theyr
temples
and
gyftes
offered
to
the
gods
,
sauing
those
that
were
of
iron
or
stone
or
onely
paynted
and
wrought
in
colours
.
Which
done
with
al
their
caryage
they
sayled
into
Chius
▪
Phocaea
left
desolate
without
any
liuig
creature
in
it
was
the
next
day
taken
by
the
Persians
.
The
people
wher
of
hauing
cheapened
of
the
Chyans
the
Iles
Oenusiae
(
who
refused
to
sel
them
fearing
least
the
mart
and
custome
of
marchandize
shoulde
bee
translated
from
their
owne
I
le
,
thither
)
departed
thence
into
Cyrnus
.
Where
twenty
yeares
before
lead
by
a
certayne
prophecye
they
had
founded
a
city
named
Aetalia
.
Whyle
these
things
were
doyng
Argathonius
the
Tarcesian
kyng
dyed
.
But
the
Phocaeans
holdyng
their
course
toward
Cyrnus
turned
out
of
the
waye
and
came
to
their
old
citye
where
they
s●ue
the
garison
and
power
of
the
Persians
planted
there
by
Harpagus
for
the
possession
and
custody
of
the
Citye
.
Cursinge
&
banning
those
with
most
blasphemous
and
execrable
speaches
which
should
seeke
to
leaue
theyr
companye
and
turne
behynd
.
Wherewithall
taking
a
fiery
wedge
of
hoat
iron
,
they
cast
it
into
the
sea
,
deepely
vowing
neuer
to
returne
to
their
city
Phocaea
,
before
the
iron
rysinge
from
the
bottome
of
the
water
should
●●ote
aloft
and
swimme
one
the
toppe
.
Howbeit
launchinge
towardes
Corsica
:
the
halfe
part
of
the
rowt
were
moued
with
a
great
longing
and
desire
of
their
countrey
,
and
the
maners
and
customes
therof
,
insomuch
that
many
of
them
without
regard
of
their
oth
,
returned
backe
to
Phocaea
.
Others
lead
with
a
greater
care
of
theyr
late
●ow
,
leauing
the
Iles
Onusae
,
went
strayght
to
Cyrnus
.
Where
beyng
come
on
shore
,
for
terme
of
5
years
they
ioyned
felowship
with
other
their
countreymen
which
before
tyme
were
shed
from
the
city
to
inhabite
that
place
,
making
ordinaunce
and
appoyntment
of
diume
seruice
and
honoure
to
the
Gods
.
Neuerthelesse
beyng
accustomed
in
manner
of
enimyes
by
open
pillage
to
spoyle
and
destroy
the
fields
of
their
neighbours
round
about
:
the
Tyrrhenians
and
Carthaginians
determined
by
common
consent
to
encounter
them
by
power
of
warre
hauing
furnished
to
the
same
end
a
fleete
or
Nauye
of
threscore
shippes
.
The
lyke
number
on
the
other
syde
beyng
prouyded
by
the
Phocaeans
,
wel
stored
and
replenished
with
souldiours
they
set
forth
to
meete
the
enemy
in
the
sea
called
Sardonium
.
Where
ioyninge
in
battell
the
Phocaeans
obtayned
a
victory
much
lyke
vnto
that
of
Cadmus
.
For
of
threscore
vessels
fourty
beyng
sunk
and
ouerwhelmed
in
the
sea
,
the
other
twenty
were
so
mangled
and
torne
,
and
the
noses
and
stemmes
thereof
blunted
and
beaten
backe
,
that
they
serued
afterwards
to
small
vse
.
Retiring
therfore
to
Aetalia
they
toke
theyr
wiues
and
children
with
the
rest
of
their
wealth
asmuch
as
coulde
wel
lye
aborde
and
remoued
from
Cyrnus
to
Rhegium
.
The
men
wherewith
the
drowned
shippes
were
filled
,
loke
how
many
escaped
the
water
and
came
into
the
handes
of
their
enemies
(
which
hapned
to
many
)
at
their
comming
to
land
wer
stoned
to
death
.
Insuing
which
murder
they
cattell
&
people
of
the
Agilleans
,
as
manye
came
into
that
place
where
the
men
of
Phocaea
were
stonned
were
ether
scorched
and
blased
all
with
lightning
or
attached
with
extreame
furye
&
madnes
.
For
which
cause
the
Agylleans
willing
to
make
satisfaction
for
the
offence
,
sent
to
Delphos
,
where
Pythia
commaunded
them
to
do
all
those
thinges
which
they
hold
and
obserue
to
this
houre
:
annuallye
perfourminge
to
the
Phocaeans
that
were
stayne
the
solemne
pompe
of
funerall
exequies
with
a
game
of
wrastling
and
exercise
of
the
body
.
Such
was
the
euent
and
successe
of
those
people
after
they
for
sooke
their
countrey
soyle
.
Of
which
rout
and
companye
they
which
escaped
the
dynt
of
battel
and
cut
the
Seas
to
Rhegium
,
planted
a
city
in
the
Fielde
of
Oenotria
,
called
Hyêla
:
beyngtherto
moued
by
the
aduyse
of
one
Posidoniates
,
a
manne
very
well
esteemed
and
thoughte
of
in
all
the
lande
of
Phocaea
.
In
this
manner
did
Fortune
deale
with
those
that
dwelt
in
Ionia
.
The
very
lyke
thing
chaunced
to
them
that
held
the
city
Teios
:
whose
towne
by
meanes
of
a
vulwarke
cast
vp
agaynste
the
walles
beynge
at
a
poynte
welnye
vanquished
and
ouercome
by
Harpagus
,
they
passed
the
seas
into
Thracia
,
fynishinge
the
citye
Abdêra
in
the
same
place
:
the
foundation
and
grounde
whereof
was
fyrst
layed
by
Temesius
Clazom
enius
.
How
bee
it
,
not
inioyinge
the
fruite
and
due
guerdon
of
his
labour
,
hee
was
driuen
thence
and
expelled
by
the
Thracians
.
Albeit
,
the
menne
of
Teios
in
the
selfe
same
citye
of
Abdêra
haue
hym
in
honour
and
reputa●ion
of
halfe
a
God
.
These
people
onely
of
the
whole
nation
of
Ionia
moued
with
hate
and
disdayne
of
bondage
,
left
the
places
,
where
they
all
were
naturallye
resyaunte
,
and
soughte
forrayne
and
straunge
countries
.
The
rest
remayninge
(
except
the
Milesians
)
tooke
heart
at
grasse
,
and
foughte
both
stoutlye
and
valtauntlye
in
the
behalfe
of
their
landes
and
liberty
.
But
the
fortune
of
warre
proceedynge
agaynst
them
,
they
came
into
captiuitye
.
And
abydinge
still
in
theire
owne
seates
,
dyd
as
they
were
commaunded
.
Onely
the
Milesias
(
who
were
in
league
with
Cyrus
and
the
Persias
)
as
wee
sayd
before
,
were
quiet
and
voyde
of
trouble
.
By
this
meanes
was
Ionia
the
second
tyme
bereaued
&
spoiled
of
theire
libertye
.
The
people
of
the
Iles
perceyuinge
the
mayne
land
to
bee
all
vnder
the
dominion
and
rule
of
the
Persians
:
fearyng
the
worst
yelded
themselues
to
Cyrus
to
be
at
his
pleasure
.
Now
the
Ionians
albeit
in
very
miserable
estate
and
condition
,
yet
osyng
their
olde
haunte
and
accustomed
meetinge
at
Panionium
,
the
fame
is
that
one
Bias
a
Prienian
gaue
them
such
counsayle
,
as
had
they
pursued
it
with
diligence
,
they
had
liued
in
the
most
happy
and
blisseful
estate
of
all
the
Grecians
.
His
aduyse
was
this
,
that
the
people
of
Ionia
abandoninge
their
owne
howses
&
Sardinia
,
and
there
for
their
whole
multitude
to
build
and
erect
a
city
to
be
helde
and
inhabited
by
them
al
in
general
which
doyng
they
might
cast
of
the
yoke
of
the
Persians
,
and
hauing
in
their
dominion
the
griatest
and
most
principall
of
all
the
Iles
,
might
also
hold
the
chiefe
rule
&
dominion
ouer
all
the
rest
.
This
was
the
counsayl
of
Byas
,
to
the
pore
afflicted
Iones
.
Not
much
inferyour
to
this
was
the
graue
aduise
and
sentence
of
Thales
whereby
he
prouoked
and
styrred
vp
the
people
before
their
captiuity
to
the
institution
of
one
generall
parliament
to
be
commonly
held
at
Teios
both
for
that
the
city
was
fixed
in
the
midle
part
of
the
region
,
and
that
the
other
Cityes
rounde
aboute
,
mighte
neurrthelesse
bee
reckened
as
tribes
appertinent
therto
.
This
was
the
holesom
doctrine
&
wyse
counsayl
geuen
by
these
2
learned
sages
to
the
people
of
Ionia
.
Harpagus
after
his
tryumph
ouer
Ionia
,
Caryans
,
Caunians
,
and
Lysians
,
leading
with
him
the
Iones
and
Aeoles
.
Of
which
number
the
Carians
forsoke
the
Iles
to
come
dwell
in
the
mayne
.
For
in
auncient
tyme
they
were
vnder
the
authority
and
gouernement
of
Minos
,
bearyng
the
name
of
Lelages
,
at
what
tyme
also
they
were
resident
in
the
Ilandes
without
rent
or
pension
of
tribute
,
as
far
as
I
can
learne
by
the
diligent
scrutiny
(
&
hearsay
)
of
times
forepast
&
consumed
.
onely
they
weare
leauied
at
a
certayne
number
of
shyppes
furnished
and
prepared
with
men
of
armes
as
often
as
it
semed
good
to
the
Prynce
.
Moreouer
King
Mynos
inioying
a
very
large
&
ample
Oilion
,
very
fortunate
in
the
euent
of
warre
.
The
nation
of
Ca●ia
was
exceedingly
aduaunced
aboue
the
rest
in
royall
fame
&
dignity
:
of
whom
the
Gretians
borowed
three
principall
thinges
,
first
found
out
and
deuised
by
them
.
It
was
their
inuestion
to
weare
a
Crest
or
Cope
on
their
Helmets
,
to
paynt
and
set
forth
their
Targets
in
gallant
shewe
&
brauery
of
colours
:
last
of
all
the
steele
or
handle
of
the
shielde
came
likewise
from
them
,
whereas
,
before
they
vsed
no
steeles
,
but
hanging
them
about
their
neckes
and
right
shoulders
,
with
lystes
and
thonges
of
leather
they
moued
and
guyded
them
to
and
fro
.
Along
time
after
the
Caryans
,
the
Dores
also
and
Iones
chaunged
the
Isles
with
the
mayne
or
continent
,
and
rows●ed
them
there
:
all
which
things
are
affirmed
of
the
Carians
by
the
people
of
Creta
.
From
whom
the
Caryans
themselues
doe
greatly
dissent
and
swarue
in
opinion
,
constantly
auouching
how
from
the
beginning
and
beyonde
all
memory
,
those
seates
haue
bene
helde
by
them
without
chaunge
or
mutation
eyther
of
name
or
place
.
In
testimony
whereof
they
shewe
the
temple
of
Iupiter
Carius
,
founded
at
Mylassus
whereunto
the
Lydians
also
and
Mysians
haue
common
resorte
as
allyed
to
the
Carians
in
neere
kindred
&
affinity
.
For
the
Carian
calleth
the
Mysian
and
Lydian
brother
,
whereof
it
commeth
that
they
vse
all
one
place
of
prayer
and
worship
to
the
powers
deuyne
.
All
other
nations
beside
though
in
tongue
they
differ
not
from
thy
Carians
,
yet
are
they
not
ioyned
wyth
them
in
fellowship
of
sacrifice
and
seruice
to
the
Gods
.
The
people
Caunij
,
though
they
fetch
theyr
Progeny
,
from
Crete
,
yet
(
as
mee
seemeth
)
they
rowst
now
in
theyr
naturall
Rest
where
in
they
haue
alwayes
bene
resiaunt
.
Theyr
speach
or
forme
of
phrase
they
haue
drawne
from
the
Caryans
,
or
the
Caryans
deriued
theirs
from
them
:
whereof
I
am
not
able
to
set
downe
an
absolute
and
infallible
sentence
.
The
lawes
they
vse
are
very
dyuerse
and
straunge
,
both
from
the
maners
of
Carya
,
and
other
Nations
.
Forasmuch
as
with
them
it
is
a
very
laudable
custome
&
hyghly
commended
accordinge
to
the
respect
and
degree
of
age
,
for
men
,
women
and
children
to
flocke
together
in
companyes
to
open
feastes
and
bankettinges
.
The
state
of
theyr
religion
and
maner
of
ceremonies
accustomably
vsed
by
them
were
first
taken
from
forrayne
Nations
:
wherewith
after
being
wearyed
and
discontented
,
they
tyed
themselues
to
the
Saynctes
of
theyr
owne
Countrey
.
The
selfe
same
takeing
Weapons
in
their
handes
marched
forward
like
madde
men
till
they
came
to
the
Calyndian
hilles
,
beatinge
and
swynging
the
antes
alleadging
that
they
banished
out
of
their
coastes
,
straunge
and
forreyne
Gods
.
Sutch
were
the
maners
and
customes
also
of
those
people
.
But
the
Lycians
most
assuredly
are
an
offpring
and
braunch
of
the
Cretenses
:
for
in
the
beginning
Creta
was
inhabited
by
the
Barbarians
,
but
afterwardes
the
sonnes
of
Europa
,
Sarpêdon
,
and
Minos
,
fallinge
at
variaunce
for
the
Empyre
,
Minos
gettinge
the
better
of
his
brother
,
chased
him
and
all
his
consederates
out
of
the
lande
:
who
beinge
dispossessed
of
their
seates
seysed
vppon
a
Region
in
Asia
called
Mylias
,
which
name
at
this
day
is
sometime
attributed
to
that
place
where
the
Lycians
dwell
.
Mylias
so
properly
called
,
hauinge
at
that
time
to
name
Solinij
.
During
the
rule
and
gouernance
of
Sarpêdon
they
were
called
by
the
name
which
they
brought
with
them
.
Which
is
to
say
,
Termiliae
,
which
as
yet
is
held
and
reteyned
of
those
that
lye
next
vnto
them
.
Howbeit
Lycus
the
Sonne
of
Pandion
beinge
dryuen
from
Athens
by
the
rigour
and
violence
of
his
Brother
Aegêus
,
and
comming
to
Sarpêdon
Prynce
of
the
Termilians
:
in
continuaunce
of
tyme
it
came
to
passe
that
they
tooke
the
name
of
Lycus
,
and
were
called
Lycians
.
They
accustomed
them selues
to
the
lawes
of
Creta
,
and
Caria
.
Albeit
they
haue
one
thinge
of
theyr
owne
proper
and
peculiar
,
wherby
as
by
Badge
,
or
cognizaunce
they
are
seperated
from
other
nations
,
in
that
they
call
them selues
by
the
names
of
their
Mothers
not
of
their
fathers
:
as
if
the
question
be
demaunded
of
any
of
them
what
he
is
,
or
whose
sonne
,
the
manner
and
vse
is
to
blase
hys
pedegre
from
his
mother
,
rehersynge
besydes
his
mothers
mother
and
so
vpward
.
Ouer
and
besydes
,
if
a
Woman
free
borne
couple
hirselfe
in
matrimony
with
a
slaue
or
bondma
:
:
neuerthelesse
their
Children
and
seede
generallye
shall
be
held
and
accompted
free
.
Contrariwyse
if
a
man
free
by
byrth
and
natiuitye
shall
ioyne
in
wedlocke
with
a
forrayne
woman
,
or
one
that
is
reputed
for
a
scalant
or
common
strumpit
,
their
discent
and
yssue
shal
be
alway
signed
with
the
note
of
infamye
,
and
neuer
be
called
to
any
degree
of
credite
or
estimation
.
Furthermore
the
people
wh●ch
at
those
tymes
held
the
dominion
of
Caria
without
atchieuaunce
of
any
famous
or
notable
act
were
conquered
and
ouercome
by
Harpagus
.
Neither
were
the
Carians
onely
destitute
of
the
glorye
and
renoune
Cnydians
,
which
were
a
remnaunt
of
the
Lacedaemonians
thither
drawen
and
deriued
,
whose
region
wyndeth
to
the
sea
called
Tryopium
and
is
almost
on
euery
syde
hemmed
in
by
the
sea
.
The
North
part
beyng
limitted
with
the
salte
waues
of
Ceraunium
:
the
southside
by
the
Rhodian
and
Simanian
sea
.
The
rest
which
is
a
very
narrow
strayght
,
not
passinge
fiue
acres
in
breadth
:
the
people
of
Cnydus
(
whyle
Harpagus
was
busied
in
the
affaires
of
Ionia
)
thought
to
haue
digged
a
way
,
&
in
so
doyng
to
haue
brought
ther
countreye
into
the
forme
of
〈◊〉
Iland
geuing
free
course
and
passage
to
the
sea
on
euery
syde
.
For
their
whole
territory
was
within
the
broken
circle
of
the
Sea
:
ioyninge
to
the
mayne
or
firme
lande
in
that
strayght
where
the
waters
almost
mette
,
which
space
they
were
in
mynd
to
haue
trenched
throughout
,
wherby
the
sea
in
manner
of
a
circle
mighte
haue
his
full
scope
and
issue
a
bout
the
Ile
,
whereto
employing
their
whole
force
and
indeuour
it
chaunced
them
in
the
middest
of
their
toyle
to
bee
taken
in
manye
partes
of
the
bodye
,
and
chiefly
with
an
extreme
smarting
and
sorenes
of
the
eyes
.
Wherupon
resoluinge
to
send
to
Delphos
to
Apollo
,
they
inquired
of
him
what
it
might
be
that
so
greatly
hyndred
them
to
proceed
in
their
enterprise
.
To
whom
Pythia
made
answere
in
certayne
verses
consistyng
of
sixe
feete
after
this
maner
.
Seeke
not
to
saue
your
seate
by
trenche
or
heaped
pyle
.
If
mightye
I
oue
had
pleasde
Your
land
had
bene
an
Ile
.
This
answere
receiued
,
the
Cnydians
made
holiday
,
&
attempted
no
further
to
delue
the
ground
.
Wherefore
Harpagus
inuading
their
countrey
with
his
army
they
submitted
themselues
without
resistaunce
.
More
then
this
,
some
what
about
Halicarnassus
in
the
region
dwell
the
Pedaceans
:
with
whom
at
the
shew
or
appearance
of
any
daunger
or
misfortune
either
to
themselues
or
their
neighbours
,
it
falleth
out
that
Mineruas
Priest
hath
continuallye
a
longe
bearde
:
which
happened
vnto
them
three
sundry
tymes
.
These
alone
of
all
the
people
in
Carya
kept
Harpagus
at
lenghth
of
weapon
,
and
defended
their
city
a
long
tyme
,
fencing
the
mountayne
Lyda
with
principall
garde
and
munition
,
howbeit
in
the
end
they
were
driuen
to
yeeld
.
From
thence
Harpagus
mouing
hys
tentes
into
the
fieldes
of
Xanthus
was
encountered
by
the
Lysians
.
Who
albeit
they
were
fewer
in
number
,
neuertheles
hardened
themselues
to
all
extremity
&
with
manful
courage
susteined
the
might
and
puissaunce
of
their
ennemyes
.
Who
preuayling
against
them
at
the
last
made
them
to
recoyle
and
take
their
Citye
.
Whereinto
being
entred
,
they
toke
their
wiues
Children
,
and
all
their
substaunce
and
shut
them
vppe
into
the
Tower
or
castle
of
the
city
,
and
setting
fyre
to
the
same
without
pity
or
regard
they
burnt
them
all
.
And
immediately
after
binding
themselues
with
a
most
horrible
and
dreadefull
othe
,
they
closed
the
seconde
tyme
with
their
enemyes
:
with
whom
they
persisted
in
valiaunt
fight
:
so
longe
as
one
man
of
their
number
remayned
alyue
.
All
the
Lycians
which
are
called
by
the
name
of
Xanthians
,
and
forreiners
and
arriued
from
straunge
places
,
except
40
familyes
,
which
by
fortune
at
the
same
tyme
being
oute
of
the
city
escaped
death
.
By
this
meanes
came
Xanthus
into
the
handes
of
the
Persians
.
In
like
manner
also
the
city
Caunium
was
taken
by
them
whose
people
for
the
most
part
followed
the
example
of
the
Lycians
.
Harpagus
therefore
hauing
added
to
the
seate
of
Persia
all
the
cityes
the
lower
:
the
superiour
and
hygher
partes
thereof
Cyrus
by
his
owne
proper
Mart
and
valiauncy
had
ouercome
and
vanquished
leauing
no
part
of
the
same
free
and
vnsubdued
.
Wherefore
in
presence
we
will
leaue
of
to
speake
of
the
rest
of
their
noble
actes
&
deedes
,
letting
passe
many
things
wittingly
for
desire
to
reueale
and
displaye
those
thynges
which
to
them selues
were
most
labour
some
and
difficulte
and
deserue
to
bee
prynted
in
eternall
memory
.
Now
when
king
Cyrus
had
brought
into
his
power
all
the
nations
that
lye
in
the
mayne
,
he
leuied
his
whole
strength
against
the
Assyrians
.
There
be
many
and
great
cities
of
Assyria
,
but
aboue
all
one
especiall
and
pryncipall
,
both
in
defence
and
dignitie
surmounting
the
rest
,
by
name
Babylon
,
where
after
the
occasion
and
ruine
of
Nynus
was
planted
the
seate
and
palace
of
the
greate
kinge
.
This
citye
had
the
foundation
and
being
in
a
wonderful
huge
playne
:
and
was
builte
and
contriued
into
a
foure
square
forme
:
euery
side
thereof
conteining
in
length
an
hundred
and
twenty
acres
.
Whereby
it
is
euidente
that
the
circuit
and
compasse
of
the
whole
city
amounted
to
the
summe
of
480
acres
of
grounde
,
so
greate
and
of
so
huge
bygnes
and
amplitude
was
the
mighty
citye
Babylon
.
Moreouer
within
the
walles
faire
and
beautifull
passing
measure
,
garnished
&
set
forth
with
rych
and
sumptuous
buildings
,
as
no
Citye
whereof
we
haue
notyce
approacheth
any
thinge
to
the
incomparable
dignity
of
the
same
.
First
of
all
it
is
cast
about
and
incompassed
with
a
wyde
and
deepe
Ditch
filled
and
implet
with
water
,
in
the
nexte
place
is
raysed
a
wall
50
royall
cubits
in
thyckenesse
and
200
in
heigth
:
a
cubute
royall
contayninge
three
fyngers
more
then
the
vulgare
&
common
cubyte
,
which
we
vsually
follow
in
measuring
.
It
shall
not
be
impertinent
to
the
matter
to
shew
and
declare
to
what
vse
&
seruice
the
earth
was
imployed
,
which
was
cast
and
voyded
out
of
the
trench
,
as
also
in
what
maner
and
forme
the
wal
was
builte
.
Of
the
clay
cast
out
,
and
clensed
from
the
ditche
were
drawed
and
framed
certayne
brickes
,
which
arysynge
at
length
to
a
great
multitude
they
were
dryed
and
burnte
in
a
kill
or
fornace
.
Afterwardes
closing
the
same
togeather
with
morter
betwixt
euery
thirtith
course
or
row
of
brickes
they
layd
the
●oppes
of
canes
or
reedes
dipped
and
steeped
in
boylyng
lyme
,
and
first
of
in
this
manner
they
curbed
and
garded
about
the
brinckes
of
the
mote
with
a
list
or
hemme
of
brickes
obseruing
also
the
selfe
same
arte
in
the
frame
and
workemanship
of
the
wal
.
On
the
toppe
of
the
wall
along
the
edges
and
margentes
therof
were
built
&
cituated
certaine
smal
howses
one
story
hygh
facing
and
ful
opposite
one
to
an
other
,
betweene
euery
of
the
which
was
so
much
space
and
distance
,
as
a
carte
might
haue
gone
betweene
them
.
Through
the
walles
ther
opened
an
100
broad
gates
for
passage
and
ingresse
into
the
citye
all
of
brasse
,
with
postes
and
hynges
of
the
same
.
Eyght
dayes
iourney
from
Babilon
is
placed
a
city
called
Is
,
fast
by
the
which
floweth
a
riuer
of
no
great
bygnes
,
named
also
Is
,
caryinge
his
streme
into
the
floude
Euphrates
:
This
seely
brooke
scowreth
through
his
chanel
greate
plenty
of
lyme
wherof
they
had
principall
vse
in
the
buildyng
of
the
walles
of
Babilon
.
Of
the
forme
and
description
wherof
sufficeth
it
thus
to
haue
spoken
.
How
be
it
,
it
behoueth
vs
to
vnderstande
that
the
citye
Babylon
,
ys
cutt
and
sundered
in
twayne
by
the
mayne
streame
of
the
rithe
xiuer
Euphrates
:
which
is
very
great
deepe
and
swift
of
course
and
taking
hys
fyrst
yssue
from
the
mountaynes
of
Armaenia
,
breaketh
at
the
length
and
emptyeth
yt
selfe
into
the
red
sea
.
The
partition
of
the
walles
made
by
the
intercourse
of
the
riuer
shootes
bppon
the
bankes
on
eyther
syde
,
which
are
breasted
out
and
fortifyed
with
a
countremure
of
bricke
to
kepe
the
waters
from
flowing
into
the
citye
.
The
Citye
it selfe
is
replenished
with
houses
four
storyes
in
heighte
beyng
also
deuyded
,
&
as
it
were
chekered
into
sundry
streets
and
lanes
some
leandyng
long
wayes
,
other
some
crosse
and
ouerthwort
,
at
the
end
of
one
streete
openeth
a
brasen
dore
through
the
wall
and
countergard
of
the
ryuer
,
whereby
the
people
haue
accesse
to
the
water
.
And
this
wall
is
in
defence
of
the
citye
agaynst
the
vyolence
of
the
floud
.
Moreouer
in
either
part
and
region
of
the
citye
there
is
another
wall
,
not
much
inferyour
in
strenghe
(
albeit
in
thicknesse
somewhat
lesse
then
the
former
.
One
of
these
in
the
one
parte
of
the
citye
incloseth
aboute
the
stately
court
and
resyaunce
of
the
Prince
exceeding
strong
,
and
of
a
mile
compasse
.
Likewise
in
the
other
parte
of
the
Citie
is
a
wall
,
in
the
circle
and
closure
whereof
is
conteined
the
Temple
of
Iupiter
Belus
,
wherevnto
entry
is
made
through
the
wall
by
mighty
brasen
gates
,
standing
yet
in
this
our
age
,
to
the
open
view
and
beholding
of
trauaylers
.
This
wall
is
built
in
maner
of
a
quadrangle
,
foure-square
,
being
on
euery
side
two
acres
long
.
In
the
middest
of
the
Temple
standeth
a
towre
of
sound
worke
,
very
firme
and
solide
,
without
vaut
or
holownesse
,
a
furlong
thicke
,
and
as
much
high
:
on
the
top
of
the
which
was
planted
another
towre
,
which
in
like
manner
vphelde
and
vnderpropped
the
third
:
wherevppon
likewise
were
fiue
other
turrets
placed
,
each
taking
hys
ground
and
foundation
from
the
top
of
another
.
On
the
outside
of
euery
towre
do
winde
certaine
degrees
of
steps
or
stayres
leading
to
the
top
or
highest
part
of
the
same
.
In
the
midway
vp
the
stayres
are
framed
certayne
seates
or
benches
for
those
that
go
vp
to
rest
and
breathe
by
the
way
.
In
the
top
or
supremity
of
the
highest
turret
is
another
Chappell
,
within
the
whiche
is
placed
a
bed
decked
with
most
costly
and
sumptuous
furniture
,
besides
the
which
standeth
a
beautifull
table
of
fine
gold
.
In
this
sacred
house
or
vestry
no
image
is
erected
,
neyther
doth
any
creature
lye
in
the
same
,
saue
one
woman
alone
,
beeing
of
the
same
countrey
(
as
the
Priests
of
Babylon
affirme
)
and
such
a
one
,
as
it
pleaseth
the
god
to
choose
for
his
owne
dyet
.
Who
do
also
constantly
reporte
(
albeit
I
am
hardly
brought
to
beleeue
it
)
that
the
god
himselfe
entring
into
the
Temple
,
taketh
vp
his
lodging
in
that
chamber
.
Like
as
also
it
falleth
out
at
Thebes
in
Aegypt
by
the
voyce
and
record
of
the
Aegyptians
,
where
in
the
oratory
or
place
of
seruice
dedicate
to
Iupiter
Thebanus
,
a
woman
vseth
to
lye
:
who
(
as
also
the
other
of
Babylon
)
is
constantly
auouched
at
no
time
to
haue
custome
or
fellowship
with
men
.
Such
is
also
the
prioresse
or
woman
priest
at
Paterae
in
Lycia
when
time
or
occasion
ferueth
,
for
there
the
Oracle
is
not
continually
held
,
but
at
such
time
as
it
approcheth
,
the
Abbesse
ouer
night
is
fast
lo●kt
and
included
into
the
Church
.
In
the
temple
of
Babylon
besides
there
is
another
temple
somewhat
lower
,
wherein
is
kept
the
famous
monument
of
the
god
Iupiter
wrought
of
golde
,
neere
vnto
the
which
adioyneth
a
table
,
which
together
with
the
frame
and
settle
thereto
belonging
,
is
also
of
meere
and
solide
gold
,
esteemed
of
the
Chaldaean
priests
at
the
summe
and
value
of
800.
talents
.
At
the
comming
out
of
the
chappell
,
there
is
also
to
be
seene
an
aultar
of
cleane
gold
:
not
farre
from
the
which
standeth
another
of
strange
and
wonderfull
bignes
,
whereon
are
offered
all
such
beastes
as
are
of
perfect
age
and
ripe
growth
:
contrarywise
on
the
aultar
of
golde
it
is
not
lawfull
to
sacrifice
any
but
sucklings
,
and
such
as
are
newly
drawne
and
taken
from
the
teate
.
On
the
greater
of
the
two
aultars
,
the
Chaldaean
Chaplaynes
burne
incense
to
the
god
,
with
expence
of
a
C.
M.
talents
of
frankincense
.
In
the
same
temple
is
also
another
image
of
.
12.
cubites
in
length
of
massy
and
beaten
golde
,
which
albeit
I
sawe
not
with
mine
owne
eies
,
yet
presuming
vpon
the
credit
of
the
Chaldaeans
,
I
haue
aduentured
to
set
it
downe
.
This
image
Darius
the
sonne
of
Hystaspes
,
and
King
of
Persia
,
would
faine
haue
bin
fingering
,
neuerthelesse
,
for
feare
of
after-claps
,
he
was
contente
to
coole
his
thirst
,
and
forgoe
the
spoile
,
howbeit
,
Xerxes
his
sonne
&
heire
in
later
daies
rifeling
the
temple
,
made
a
booty
therof
,
hauing
done
to
death
a
chaplaine
who
stoutly
forbad
him
to
moue
the
image
out
of
his
place
.
With
these
&
such
like
ornaments
was
that
temple
of
Babylon
gorgeously
adorned
,
besides
an
infinite
number
of
gifts
and
presents
,
franckly
geuen
and
bestowed
to
the
polishing
and
setting
foorth
of
so
rare
&
famous
a
monument
.
Furthermore
,
the
genealogy
and
succession
of
the
Kings
of
Babylon
is
very
manyfold
and
diuerse
,
of
whome
ioyntly
with
that
affaires
&
estate
of
Assyria
we
meane
to
intreate
:
parse
of
these
laid
their
wealth
&
treasure
on
the
trimming
&
beautifying
of
the
city
walles
:
other
spared
no
coast
to
inrich
&
adorne
the
temples
&
palaces
of
the
gods
.
In
the
lineall
discent
of
the
bloud
royall
,
mention
is
made
of
two
women
:
the
one
of
these
raigned
fiue
ages
before
the
later
,
and
was
called
Semiramis
.
This
Queene
caused
to
be
cast
vp
&
raised
great
mounts
&
mighty
banckes
,
very
wonderfull
to
be
seene
,
which
kept
the
riuer
within
the
course
of
his
naturall
chanell
,
beeing
wont
before
time
to
ouerflow
&
couer
the
whole
plame
.
The
second
Queene
named
Nitocris
was
of
wit
more
sharp
&
subtile
,
and
of
much
more
fiue
inuention
then
the
former
,
by
whom
both
other
things
were
brought
to
passe
right
woorthy
memory
,
whiche
wee
purpose
to
recount
:
and
chiefly
this
,
that
perceiuing
the
power
and
gouernement
of
the
Medes
to
grow
and
increase
,
and
as
well
other
townes
,
as
also
the
city
Ninus
to
be
vanquished
by
them
,
she
forethought
all
the
meanes
that
could
be
deuised
,
to
arme
&
defend
hirselfe
against
the
enemy
.
First
of
all
the
riuer
Euphrates
that
whilome
by
a
streight
&
equall
course
streame
throughout
the
towne
,
flowing
in
a
right
line
towards
the
sea
by
meanes
of
certaine
trenches
cast
vp
and
digged
for
the
streame
,
she
drew
into
a
confuse
and
intricate
race
,
folding
&
winding
many
waies
,
insomuch
that
in
three
sundry
places
it
hath
eftsoones
recourse
vnto
one
little
village
in
Assyria
called
Arderica
so
that
they
which
come
from
the
sea
to
Babylon
by
that
riuer
Euphrates
,
are
constreined
to
ariue
thrice
at
Arderica
&
that
also
in
three
seuerall
dayes
.
This
was
also
one
worke
of
hers
which
she
did
about
that
riuer
,
the
borders
wherof
besides
she
hath
hemmed
&
garded
in
with
a
banke
so
strong
&
monstrous
,
&
what
for
that
vnmeasurable
hignes
&
bignes
of
that
same
,
it
would
greatly
astonishe
those
that
do
view
&
behold
it
.
Somewhat
aboue
the
city
,
a
little
off
from
the
riuers
side
,
she
caused
a
place
to
be
cast
&
trenched
for
the
receipt
of
a
standing
water
or
poble
,
which
they
digged
so
deepe
,
till
they
came
to
the
water
,
extending
euery
way
in
breadth
the
space
of
.
320.
furlongs
.
The
earth
that
was
voyded
heerefro
was
referred
and
employed
to
the
bancking
of
the
riuer
.
The
edge
and
brinckes
of
the
poole
were
layde
aboute
and
paued
with
stone
.
In
both
which
things
,
as
well
in
turning
the
course
of
the
water
,
as
in
deluing
the
trench
or
lake
,
she
had
this
purpose
,
that
the
violence
of
the
floud
being
hindred
by
so
many
windings
and
turnings
,
might
flowe
in
a
more
quiet
and
peaceable
streame
:
then
,
that
the
passage
from
the
maine
sea
to
Babylon
might
be
made
more
troublesome
to
the
saylers
,
by
the
often
creekes
and
circuites
of
the
water
:
finally
,
that
the
next
way
and
readiest
path
from
Media
to
Babylon
being
shut
vp
,
and
intercepted
by
the
mutable
course
of
the
riuer
,
the
Medes
hindered
from
mutable
trade
of
Merchandize
with
the
Assyrians
,
might
be
ignorant
and
vnskilfull
of
hir
assayres
and
counsayle
.
Thus
did
Queene
Nitocris
on
the
lower
side
of
Babylon
prouide
for
the
safetie
and
good
estate
of
the
Realme
,
hauing
another
meaning
in
the
fenne
or
marish
which
she
caused
the
people
to
digge
aboue
the
towne
,
for
the
City
being
separate
and
diuided
into
two
partes
,
by
meanes
of
the
riuer
which
floweth
through
the
middes
,
vnder
the
raigne
and
dominion
of
other
Princes
,
whosoeuer
of
the
Citizens
was
desirous
to
go
ouer
on
the
other
side
,
he
was
fayne
to
be
feried
ouer
,
and
passe
by
a
boate
,
whiche
coulde
not
be
voyde
of
greate
toyle
and
trouble
,
of
which
extremity
by
the
good
inuention
of
Queene
Nitocris
,
the
City
obteyned
speedie
release
by
one
and
the
selfesame
meanes
,
leauing
behinde
two
famous
monuments
of
perpetual
memory
.
Wherfore
hauing
turned
the
riuer
into
the
maine
gulfe
or
lake
that
was
cast
vp
and
digged
in
the
plaine
,
she
incontinently
caused
mighty
stones
to
be
hewed
out
,
squared
for
the
purpose
.
The
floud
hauing
a
breach
and
issue
another
way
,
within
the
compasse
of
his
owne
chanell
became
drye
and
voyde
of
water
,
Nitocris
therefore
fenced
the
bankes
and
shores
of
the
riuer
within
the
Citie
,
with
a
skirt
or
edge
of
bricke
,
to
saue
the
water
from
abating
and
wearing
the
earth
.
In
like
maner
the
steppes
leading
downe
from
the
brasen
wickets
to
the
water
,
she
framed
of
bricke
layd
and
mortered
together
in
like
sorte
as
the
walles
.
About
the
middest
of
the
Citie
she
made
a
bridge
ouer
the
water
,
built
of
stone
cut
and
polished
to
the
same
ende
,
which
she
caused
to
be
knit
&
mortered
together
with
leade
and
iron
.
This
bridge
in
the
day
time
she
couered
with
planckes
of
fouresquare
forme
,
to
giue
passage
&
recourse
to
her
subiects
:
which
in
the
euening
were
continually
drawne
&
remooued
from
thence
,
to
the
end
all
occasion
of
mutual
theft
and
villany
in
the
night
might
be
foreseene
&
preuented
.
The
worke
being
ended
,
she
wrought
the
meanes
for
the
water
to
returne
to
his
proper
course
,
eftsoones
boyding
the
lake
againe
,
which
then
by
continuall
feeding
of
the
streame
,
drew
to
be
full
.
Thus
the
end
prooued
the
deluing
of
the
fenne
to
be
very
profitable
&
commodious
,
by
meanes
whereof
a
bridge
was
made
for
the
vse
&
benefit
of
the
city
.
The
same
Nitocris
also
put
in
practise
this
subtile
and
deceitfull
inuention
.
Alost
vppon
the
most
stately
and
portlike
gate
of
the
City
in
open
shew
and
appearaunce
to
all
men
,
she
built
her
a
Sepulchre
,
engrauen
with
this
title
or
superscripcion
:
If
any
of
the
Kings
of
Babylon
after
me
shall
stand
in
neede
or
pen●ry
of
money
,
let
him
open
the
tombe
and
take
as
much
as
he
will
:
but
not
vnlesse
he
be
driuen
by
extremity
,
for
it
shall
not
be
good
for
him
.
This
Sepulchre
was
so
long
vnmoued
,
till
the
kingdome
fell
into
the
hands
of
Darius
,
who
very
much
disdaining
that
he
neither
had
vse
of
these
gates
(
because
that
ouer
them
was
placed
a
dead
body
,
so
that
he
counted
it
vnwholesome
to
go
through
them
)
nor
any
profit
or
commodity
of
the
money
,
especially
being
allured
and
prouoked
thervnto
by
the
Epitaph
and
inscription
,
he
brake
open
the
monument
and
looked
in
,
not
finding
one
crosse
nor
ought
else
saue
the
dead
carkesse
&
certaine
letters
,
saying
thus
:
Vnlesse
thou
hadst
bene
an
vnsatiable
wretch
,
and
greedy
of
filthy
gayne
,
thou
wouldst
neuer
haue
discouered
the
graues
of
the
dead
.
These
things
are
left
to
memory
of
the
Queene
Nitocris
,
against
whose
sonne
Labynitus
hauing
the
name
of
his
father
,
and
the
gouernement
and
principality
of
all
Assyria
;
Cyrus
prepared
his
whole
army
,
at
whose
approch
the
great
King
gathered
a
power
of
men
,
hauing
made
aboundant
prouision
both
of
corne
and
cattell
.
Moreouer
,
great
plenty
of
water
was
had
in
readinesse
,
brought
from
the
floud
Choaspis
,
running
a
little
besydes
S●sa
,
of
which
riuer
alone
the
King
is
accustomably
wont
to
drinke
.
The
water
of
Choa●pis
being
first
sodden
and
after
reserued
in
vessels
of
siluer
,
is
continually
borne
after
the
King
whether
soeuer
he
goeth
by
Chariots
driuen
on
four
wheeles
,
which
follow
his
trayne
in
great
number
.
Cyrus
therefore
vndertaking
a
iourney
to
Babylon
,
after
he
came
to
the
riuer
Gyndes
(
whiche
proceeding
from
the
Mantien
mountaynes
necre
vnto
the
people
Darnei
,
meeteth
with
the
riuer
Tigris
,
whose
streame
passing
by
the
City
Opis
,
floweth
into
the
red
sea
)
he
attempted
to
passe
the
water
,
which
by
no
meanes
can
be
gone
ouer
without
shipping
,
where
stepping
foorth
a
lusty
gallant
of
the
army
,
and
mounting
on
the
backe
of
a
milkewhite
steede
,
sacred
and
holy
to
the
gods
,
aduentured
in
a
brauery
to
take
the
water
,
and
go
ouer
,
whome
the
floud
winding
and
wreathing
with
in
his
streame
,
swallowed
vp
so
that
he
was
neuer
after
seene
.
But
King
Cyrus
greatly
agreeued
at
the
vnkind
and
iniurious
deede
of
the
riuer
,
threatned
the
water
in
furious
manner
,
saying
,
that
the
time
should
not
be
long
erre
he
brought
it
so
lowe
,
and
to
so
scant
an
ebbe
,
that
the
very
women
of
the
countrey
should
dare
to
go
ouer
it
,
not
weeting
themselues
to
the
knees
,
which
thing
for
the
vehemency
of
his
rage
he
immediately
put
in
practise
,
intermitting
and
leauing
off
hys
voyage
to
Babylon
:
wherefore
diuiding
his
campe
into
two
partes
,
heleuelled
out
and
drew
by
a
line
.
180.
trenches
on
eyther
side
of
the
riuer
,
whereinto
he
determined
to
draine
the
water
:
which
enterprise
(
as
in
so
great
a
multitude
)
was
at
length
brought
to
passe
,
albeit
he
consumed
the
whole
sommer
in
performance
thereof
.
The
mighty
riuer
Gyndes
being
in
this
sort
shed
and
deriued
into
.
360.
brookes
at
the
approch
of
the
next
spring
Cyrus
renewed
his
purpose
,
and
set
foorth
afresh
towardes
Babylon
,
whome
the
great
Kyng
with
an
hoast
of
men
well
prepared
,
exspected
and
looked
for
in
the
fielt
.
When
he
drewe
neere
to
the
city
,
signe
of
battell
was
giuen
,
and
a
fierce
encountry
made
on
both
sides
,
but
the
Persians
preuailing
,
compelled
the
contrary
part
to
flie
into
the
city
,
where
the
Babylonians
(
for
that
long
before
they
perceyued
King
Cyrus
to
be
of
a
busie
&
an
vnquiet
nature
,
giuen
to
controuersy
&
trouble
,
intermedling
&
dealing
with
other
nations
)
had
made
plentiful
prouision
of
vittailes
,
&
all
kind
of
sustenance
for
many
yeares
,
for
which
they
liued
in
security
,
nothing
at
all
waying
to
be
kept
in
and
enclosed
with
a
siege
.
Cyrus
in
like
case
hauing
a
long
time
layne
at
the
walles
without
any
successe
or
auayle
,
was
altogether
ignorant
of
what
wood
to
frame
his
arrowes
,
howbeit
at
last
,
eyther
of
his
owne
trayne
,
or
by
the
counsayle
and
aduertisement
of
others
,
he
cast
about
another
way
,
and
wrought
thus
:
placing
his
army
on
eache
side
of
the
city
,
some
on
that
part
where
the
riuer
entereth
in
,
others
on
the
backside
where
it
floweth
out
,
hee
gaue
commaundement
,
that
at
such
time
as
they
saw
the
water
to
fall
and
berome
fleete
and
easy
to
be
waded
;
they
shoulde
inuade
the
city
by
the
chanell
of
the
floud
:
leauing
therefore
his
ariny
in
this
order
and
aray
,
with
the
vnfittest
and
weakest
part
of
his
power
,
he
withdrewe
himselfe
asyde
to
the
poole
,
made
by
the
handyworke
of
Queene
Nitocris
,
whether
beeyng
come
,
looke
what
before
time
had
bene
wrought
by
her
whyle
the
bridge
was
building
,
the
selfe-same
also
dyd
Cyrus
,
piercing
the
bancke
of
the
riuer
;
and
geuing
a
vent
to
the
water
to
passe
into
the
fenne
:
whereby
the
streams
decreasing
,
became
very
shalow
,
and
without
daunger
to
those
that
aduentured
to
passe
through
which
thing
being
marked
by
those
that
stayd
behinde
at
the
walles
,
they
tooke
the
riuer
,
and
wading
very
little
aboue
the
knees
with
manfull
and
valiant
courage
,
brake
into
the
City
:
whome
the
men
of
Babylon
(
if
in
case
they
had
foreknowne
the
fact
of
Cyrus
)
had
not
onely
not
permitted
to
take
the
Towne
,
but
contrarywise
had
destroyed
them
all
by
a
miserable
death
:
for
hauing
fast
barred
the
little
gates
that
open
to
the
riuer
,
and
placed
themselues
p●rtly
on
the
top
of
the
wall
,
partly
on
the
bankes
without
the
City
,
they
had
pent
and
included
them
as
it
were
in
a
●aue
or
denne
from
whence
they
could
neuer
haue
escaped
aliue
:
wheras
now
the
Persians
stealing
vpon
them
of
a
sudden
,
were
at
their
elbowes
before
they
were
aware
.
In
which
their
distresse
(
so
huge
was
the
City
in
●ignesse
)
that
(
by
report
of
those
that
dwelt
next
them
)
they
which
inhabited
the
middle
part
of
the
City
,
were
flatly
ignorant
that
the
towne
was
taken
.
Wherefore
being
a
festiuall
day
,
they
egerly
persued
their
delight
and
pastime
,
disporting
themselues
with
dauncing
,
and
all
kind
of
pleasaunt
recreation
,
vntill
the
case
was
too
plaine
that
the
enemies
were
within
the
walles
.
Such
therfore
were
the
meanes
whereby
the
City
Babylon
was
first
of
all
taken
and
surprised
by
warre
.
As
touching
the
power
and
value
whereof
,
we
will
shewe
many
testimonies
,
this
one
especiall
and
of
manyfest
euidency
.
The
whole
coast
which
is
vnder
the
gouernance
of
the
great
King
,
being
leuied
at
a
certayne
rent
to
finde
the
Prince
and
his
armie
(
I
meane
besides
those
reuenewes
and
pensions
which
euery
moneth
in
the
yeare
are
duely
payde
and
yeelded
to
the
Crowne
)
at
the
fourth
part
of
thys
rent
or
subsidie
is
the
region
of
Babylon
rated
alone
,
the
other
eyght
partes
beéing
gathered
and
contributed
out
of
the
whole
Countrey
of
Asia
:
so
that
the
puissance
and
hability
of
this
region
is
equiualent
and
matchable
to
the
third
part
of
Asia
.
The
seigniorie
also
and
principality
of
this
part
(
which
the
Persians
call
a
Satrapy
,
that
is
,
a
Dutchy
or
Countey
)
doth
in
great
measure
exceede
all
other
prouinces
that
are
vnder
the
protection
of
the
great
King
.
For
so
much
as
Tritechmas
sonne
of
Artabazus
whome
the
King
made
his
Lieutenant
,
and
principall
ouer
this
Countrey
,
had
duely
rendered
vnto
him
for
tribute
euery
day
in
the
weeke
more
then
eyght
gallons
of
siluer
,
according
to
the
Persian
measure
called
Artaba
,
which
exceedeth
by
three
quarts
the
measure
that
is
vsed
in
Attica
,
which
they
call
by
the
name
of
Medimnus
.
Moreouer
he
had
a
stable
of
couragious
and
lusty
coursers
for
the
saddle
,
besides
those
which
were
purposely
kept
and
managed
for
the
vse
of
warre
:
to
these
were
added
eight
hundred
stalions
or
stone
horses
,
with
sixteene
thousand
maares
which
were
couered
by
those
horses
,
one
stalion
being
reserued
and
admitted
to
the
couering
of
twenty
maares
.
Besides
all
this
,
so
great
a
multitude
of
dogs
or
mastifes
comming
of
the
kinde
and
breede
of
India
were
belonging
to
him
,
that
four
great
townes
standing
in
the
plaine
of
Babylon
,
stoode
at
no
other
reuenue
,
then
to
find
and
maintayne
a
company
of
curres
.
All
whiche
things
were
peculiar
and
appertinent
to
him
that
was
the
viceroy
or
president
of
Babylon
.
In
the
countrey
of
Assyria
they
haue
small
store
of
rayne
:
suche
graine
as
the
land
yeeldeth
beeing
euermore
watered
by
the
floud
,
not
after
the
maner
of
Nilus
in
Aegypt
(
which
of
his
owne
accord
riseth
ouer
the
bankes
,
and
giueth
moisture
to
the
fields
round
about
)
but
partly
by
the
labour
and
hands
of
men
,
partly
also
by
brookes
and
ditches
deriuing
the
water
throughout
their
ground
.
For
through
all
the
region
of
all
Babylon
(
euen
as
in
Aegypt
also
)
are
drawne
many
trenches
and
ditches
,
the
greatest
whereof
is
nauigable
,
and
caryeth
ships
,
bearing
to
that
coast
where
the
sunne
is
at
a
stand
in
winter
,
and
reacheth
from
Euphra-‑
reacheth
from
Euphrates
to
the
floud
Tigris
,
neere
vnto
the
which
was
planted
and
situated
the
city
Ninus
.
This
soyle
for
corne
and
all
kinde
of
grayne
,
is
the
most
battle
and
plentifull
of
all
others
,
being
very
barren
and
naked
of
wood
:
wherein
,
especially
the
figge
tree
,
vine
,
and
olyue
,
could
neuer
prosper
or
come
to
any
proofe
,
but
for
seede
and
tillage
so
fruitefull
and
aboundant
,
that
it
neuer
fayleth
to
yeeld
increase
two
hundred
fold
:
and
if
the
ground
be
very
well
taken
,
and
the
yeare
fauourable
,
it
multiplieth
to
three
hundreth
times
as
much
as
was
cast
into
the
earth
.
The
eares
of
their
wheate
and
barly
are
more
then
a
handfull
broade
.
Likewise
the
small
seede
of
Millet
or
Hirse
,
together
with
the
graiue
of
India
called
Sesamum
,
to
what
exceeding
growth
and
tallnes
they
arise
in
this
countrey
,
that
almost
they
seeme
in
manner
of
mighty
trees
,
albeit
I
assuredly
know
&
could
iustly
affirme
,
yet
I
will
rather
keepe
silence
,
knowing
that
those
which
hath
bene
already
spoken
of
the
greate
encrease
of
their
graine
are
suche
,
that
they
far
surmount
aboue
the
common
credit
and
vsuall
course
of
nature
.
They
vse
no
kinde
of
oyle
but
such
as
is
made
of
the
seede
Sesamum
.
Palme
trees
are
common
with
them
in
euery
place
of
the
countrey
,
many
of
the
which
beare
fruite
&
are
very
fertile
.
Parte
of
this
fruite
they
turne
and
employ
to
foode
and
sustenaunce
,
making
wine
and
honny
of
the
rest
.
The
trees
themselues
they
prune
and
manure
not
vnlike
theyr
figge
trees
.
Some
of
these
palmes
(
as
they
vse
also
to
do
in
other
)
the
Graecians
call
male
trees
,
the
fruite
wherof
they
eate
not
,
but
only
bind
it
to
the
fruite
of
the
female
trees
,
whereof
breedeth
a
small
woorme
or
flye
,
which
with
her
sharpe
and
forcked
nebbe
biteth
through
the
fruite
of
the
female
palme
,
whereby
it
commeth
to
ripenesse
and
maturity
,
being
otherwise
wont
to
drop
off
and
decay
before
it
arriue
to
full
growth
and
perfection
.
For
of
the
fruite
of
the
male
palme
is
bred
and
produced
this
little
worme
,
such
as
come
also
of
a
wilde
figge
tree
.
Let
vs
now
proceede
vnto
that
which
next
after
the
city
it selfe
,
is
(
in
my
fancy
)
the
straungest
mirrour
and
wonder
of
the
whole
region
.
The
vessels
wherein
they
are
accustomed
to
passe
downe
the
streame
to
Babylon
,
are
made
circlewise
,
and
of
round
compasse
,
drawne
ouer
on
the
outside
,
and
couered
with
leather
:
for
the
people
of
Armenia
,
whose
countrey
lyes
aboue
the
Assyrians
,
hauing
hewed
&
smoothed
out
of
willow
certaine
round
vessels
very
hollow
and
deepe
,
they
cast
ouer
a
paast
or
couering
of
leather
,
applying
them
both
to
the
vse
of
houshold
affayres
to
contemne
licour
in
&
such
like
,
and
also
to
rowe
in
and
passe
the
water
.
They
haue
neither
head
nor
tayle
that
a
man
may
poynt
at
with
his
finger
,
there
to
be
the
nose
and
forepart
of
the
shippe
,
and
heere
the
hinder
part
or
sterne
,
but
are
contriued
into
a
circulare
forme
like
a
buckler
or
target
.
The
bottome
of
these
vessels
they
matte
and
fence
with
strawe
or
rushes
,
wherevpon
laying
their
chaffer
and
merchandise
,
they
commit
themselues
to
the
water
.
Theyr
chiefest
cariage
is
small
roundlets
or
firkins
of
wyne
,
makyng
the
caske
it selfe
of
the
leaues
of
palme
.
The
vessels
are
gouerned
by
two
seuerall
rothers
,
at
the
which
,
two
men
continually
stande
and
are
attendaunt
,
the
one
whereof
drawes
the
ster●e
towardes
hym
into
the
shippe
,
the
other
thrusteth
from
hym
outwarde
.
These
kynde
of
shippes
are
maruaylous
greate
,
and
very
capable
,
albeit
some
of
them
be
of
smaler
making
then
other
.
The
greater
sort
are
of
power
to
carry
the
waight
of
fyue
thousand
talentes
.
In
euery
of
which
there
is
one
liue
Asse
at
the
least
,
and
in
the
bigger
three
or
foure
.
Beeyng
landed
at
Babylon
,
and
hauyng
made
theyr
marte
of
suche
thynges
as
they
broughte
,
they
sell
also
the
woodde
of
theyr
Shyppes
,
wyth
the
strawe
,
rushes
,
and
suche
lyke
,
loadyng
backe
theyr
Asses
with
the
skinnes
,
which
they
driue
home
before
them
into
Armenia
:
forsomuch
as
to
saile
vpwards
against
the
course
of
the
riuer
,
it
is
not
possible
for
them
,
by
reason
of
the
swiftnesse
and
violence
of
the
strcame
,
which
is
the
cause
also
that
they
make
their
vessels
not
of
wood
,
but
of
skinnes
.
After
they
are
returned
to
Armenia
they
make
prouision
of
other
ships
,
all
one
in
similitude
and
fashion
with
the
former
:
such
are
the
vessels
wherein
the
Assyrians
ferry
downe
the
water
to
Babylon
.
Now
for
their
habite
and
attyre
it
is
on
this
manner
.
Their
vsuall
custome
is
to
go
clothed
in
two
garments
,
one
of
linnen
downe
to
the
feete
,
another
of
wollen
drawne
vppon
the
same
:
aboute
their
shoulders
they
cast
a
cloake
of
whyte
coulour
.
In
their
showes
following
the
custome
of
the
whole
countrey
,
they
vse
all
one
fashion
,
not
much
vnlike
the
Thebane
slippers
.
Their
hayre
very
long
,
tied
and
bound
vp
behinde
with
a
coyfe
.
In
all
partes
of
their
bodye
embaulmed
with
sweete
oyles
and
precious
oyntmentes
.
On
their
fingers
they
we
are
a
signet
:
bearing
in
their
hands
a
slender
rod
in
forme
of
a
scepter
,
very
skilfully
and
artificially
wrought
,
on
the
top
whereof
is
carued
either
an
apple
,
a
rose
,
a
lilly
,
an
eagle
,
or
some
such
like
thing
,
being
accompted
wickednesse
with
them
,
and
against
all
lawe
,
to
carry
a
rod
or
scepter
without
such
an
ensigne
on
the
top
.
And
thus
much
for
their
attyre
.
The
lawes
which
they
vse
are
these
.
One
most
commendable
,
and
for
the
singulare
wisedome
and
commoditie
thereof
greatly
to
be
regarded
.
Likewise
another
,
which
(
if
I
be
not
deceiued
)
the
people
Eneti
comming
of
the
Hlyrians
do
commonly
practise
throughout
their
whole
lande
.
Once
in
a
yeare
they
obserued
this
custome
.
The
virgins
that
were
arriued
to
the
due
time
and
estate
of
marriage
,
they
assembled
all
into
one
place
,
fast
behind
these
stoode
a
great
multitude
of
yong
men
and
batchelers
.
When
all
were
come
and
the
company
was
hush
,
there
arose
vp
a
common
cryer
,
proclayming
seuerally
the
sale
of
euery
one
to
suche
as
were
minded
to
buy
them
,
and
in
the
first
place
shee
that
was
the
paragon
and
most
beautifull
damosell
of
all
the
route
,
was
in
like
manner
first
published
and
set
forth
to
be
sold
,
whom
some
one
or
other
hauing
purchased
with
a
great
summe
of
money
,
she
that
was
next
in
beautie
to
the
fairest
,
was
next
priced
,
with
a
condition
annexed
,
that
they
whiche
bought
shoulde
also
marry
them
.
Suche
therefore
of
Babylon
that
were
of
good
wealth
,
and
wanted
wines
,
bought
vp
the
brauest
wenches
,
euery
one
speeding
best
for
beautie
that
badde
best
for
the
beautifull
.
The
basest
sorte
of
yonkers
that
were
not
so
deyntely
toothed
,
contenting
themselues
with
the
homeliest
lasses
,
chose
rather
to
take
a
good
nutbrowne
wench
with
a
dowrie
,
with
whome
to
practise
the
daliaunces
of
Venus
.
The
market
being
made
of
the
best
and
fayrest
,
incontinently
the
most
vggly
and
foulest
drosse
of
the
company
was
by
the
voyce
of
the
crier
cyted
to
appeare
,
whome
he
set
foorth
and
propounded
to
the
liking
of
any
,
who
with
the
least
expence
and
sinalest
charge
that
might
,
woulde
be
contente
with
a
wife
.
In
which
sort
she
standeth
,
til
there
step
foorth
a
mate
that
will
holde
himselfe
satisfied
with
a
sluttishe
wife
and
a
slender
dowrie
,
euermore
making
a
gayne
of
those
vppon
whome
nature
and
the
heauens
had
largely
bestowed
theyr
graces
and
treasures
,
whereas
with
the
rest
,
that
were
eyther
impotent
,
lame
,
or
in
part
of
the
body
disfigured
,
or
generally
sluttish
and
ylfauoured
,
they
endowed
with
a
portion
of
goodes
the
sooner
to
procure
and
get
them
husbands
.
Neither
was
it
free
and
indifferent
for
any
man
to
place
and
dispose
his
daughter
to
whome
he
would
:
nor
for
the
byer
without
sufficient
warrant
or
suretie
of
his
good
vsage
of
hir
to
take
hir
away
:
but
hauing
brought
such
as
should
plight
their
faith
and
honestie
in
his
behalfe
,
that
he
should
vndoubtedly
vse
hir
in
place
of
his
wife
,
he
tooke
hir
with
him
,
whereof
if
by
fortune
they
coulde
not
agree
,
the
law
commaunded
that
the
money
whiche
was
geuen
for
price
of
the
virgine
should
be
eftsoones
restored
to
the
buyer
:
wherein
the
custome
was
not
so
strict
and
seuere
,
but
that
a
couple
of
contrary
villages
might
match
together
,
and
enter
the
estate
of
mariage
one
with
another
,
the
man
alwayes
rendering
a
certaine
summe
and
price
for
his
wife
if
she
were
worth
the
buying
.
This
law
was
very
well
and
wisely
ordeyned
by
them
,
which
within
a
while
after
lost
his
force
,
and
was
vtterly
neglected
:
albeit
in
later
dayes
they
coyned
a
new
deuise
that
no
man
should
abuse
or
any
way
iniurie
a
woman
,
nor
carry
hir
away
into
a
strange
citie
,
for
the
citie
being
taken
,
and
themselues
shamefully
intreated
by
their
enemies
,
in
so
much
that
the
most
part
of
them
had
wasted
their
goodes
and
substance
,
the
poore
lay
people
that
were
in
great
extremity
and
want
of
sustenance
,
caused
their
stocke
,
the
care
of
their
honesty
&
chaste
liuing
set
apart
,
to
purchase
lucre
by
the
common
vse
of
their
bodies
.
Another
law
and
statute
they
had
of
equal
prayse
and
commendation
with
the
first
,
whereby
it
was
prouided
that
all
persons
possessed
with
any
griefe
or
disease
,
should
be
caryed
out
and
layd
in
the
open
market
place
,
to
the
end
that
(
vsing
no
Physicions
)
euery
one
might
giue
their
verdit
of
their
sicknesse
and
maladie
.
As
euery
one
therefore
approcheth
neare
vnto
the
diseased
,
if
at
any
time
they
haue
had
triall
and
experience
of
the
like
payne
and
distresse
eyther
in
themselues
or
in
other
,
they
let
not
to
minister
connsaile
to
the
sicke
,
&
prescribe
such
order
&
dyet
,
as
hath
bin
heretofore
either
profitable
to
themselues
,
or
wholesome
to
other
:
vtterly
abhorring
from
all
lawe
and
ciuility
,
to
passe
securely
&
carelesly
by
the
feeble
,
&
not
to
enquire
the
state
and
maner
of
his
griefe
.
They
esteeme
it
no
small
blisse
to
them
to
be
buried
in
sepulchers
,
resembling
very
narrowly
the
custome
of
the
Aegyptians
in
funerall
sorrow
and
lamentation
for
the
dead
.
As
oft
as
they
haue
society
and
fellowship
with
their
wiues
,
placing
themselues
in
seates
one
ouer
agaynst
another
,
the
men
take
sweete
perfume
,
and
burneth
it
,
the
women
likewise
doing
the
very
same
.
At
the
drawing
neere
of
the
euening
they
wash
and
wrinse
themselues
very
cleane
,
not
attempting
to
touch
any
thing
with
their
hands
,
before
they
haue
thoroughly
cleansed
and
purged
the
filth
from
their
bodies
,
which
thing
is
in
vse
likewise
with
the
Arabians
.
The
selfesame
Babylonians
acquaint
themselues
wyth
an
order
full
of
all
abhomination
and
wickednesse
.
All
the
women
of
their
nation
once
in
their
whole
liues
,
resort
to
the
Temple
of
Venus
,
where
abandoning
their
chastity
,
they
giue
vp
themselues
to
be
defiled
and
corrupted
by
straungers
:
howbeit
,
such
women
as
are
of
great
reputation
,
and
haue
wealth
at
will
,
disdeining
to
sit
and
accompany
with
the
rest
,
are
drawne
to
the
temple
in
charlots
or
litters
cast
ouer
and
couered
with
a
vale
of
leather
:
whether
being
come
,
leauing
the
trayne
of
their
meyny
and
seruants
behinde
them
,
they
place
themselues
in
seates
before
the
gates
of
the
palace
,
which
is
the
common
vse
of
all
such
as
are
of
high
degree
.
Within
the
Churche
they
sit
in
greate
multitudes
,
bound
about
the
temples
of
the
head
with
garlands
of
sweete
and
pleasaunt
flowres
,
some
of
them
are
comming
,
others
going
,
for
certayne
passages
and
wayes
seuerally
made
by
cords
&
lines
,
leade
and
direct
the
strangers
to
such
as
they
fancy
best
and
haue
moste
minde
to
.
Moreouer
,
hauing
once
taken
her
seate
in
the
Temple
,
she
neuer
returneth
home
vntill
some
one
or
other
of
foreigne
countreys
hath
geuen
her
money
,
and
reapt
her
chastitie
,
who
approching
neere
to
his
lady
whome
he
liketh
,
sayeth
thus
:
The
goddesse
Militta
be
fauourable
and
gracious
vnto
thee
.
By
this
name
Militta
is
Venus
called
with
Assyrians
,
neither
is
it
lawfull
to
despise
the
money
which
is
geuen
,
how
much
or
how
little
soeuer
it
be
,
being
applied
to
a
sacred
&
holy
vse
.
Neither
may
the
woman
be
her
own
caruer
to
reiect
any
that
commeth
to
her
,
but
whosoeuer
is
her
first
chapman
him
she
immediately
followeth
without
respect
of
persons
:
with
whome
,
after
she
hath
accompanyed
for
a
while
,
hauing
made
her
offring
to
the
goddesse
,
she
returneth
home
,
for
the
time
to
come
not
to
be
allured
by
mountaynes
of
gold
to
acquaint
themselues
with
any
in
the
like
sort
.
Of
this
noble
route
such
as
are
most
prayseworthy
for
beautie
and
comely
proportion
of
the
body
,
haue
soonest
made
theyr
market
and
are
gonne
,
the
grosser
and
baser
sort
being
held
by
the
law
to
remaine
there
so
long
,
till
they
haue
accomplished
the
rites
and
customes
of
the
Countrey
,
so
that
it
chaunceth
them
otherwhiles
to
abide
in
the
Temple
a
yeare
or
two
,
yea
sometimes
three
,
before
the
poore
soules
can
be
acquit
of
their
seruitude
.
The
like
ordinaunce
is
of
force
&
vertue
in
some
part
of
Cyprus
.
These
are
the
lawes
of
the
people
of
Babylon
,
of
whome
there
be
three
sortes
,
some
which
liue
only
by
fish
,
whiche
beeing
purged
and
dried
against
the
sunne
,
they
vse
in
this
manner
,
first
they
powne
&
bray
it
in
a
morter
,
which
done
,
they
preserue
and
keepe
it
in
linnen
sheetes
,
whereof
they
take
at
their
pleasure
,
and
putting
thereto
liquour
,
they
kneade
and
bake
it
in
maner
of
bread
.
The
Persian
prince
Cyrus
hauing
obteyned
the
victorie
ouer
all
the
countrey
of
Babylon
,
was
pricked
with
desire
to
bring
into
his
power
the
people
of
the
Massagetes
;
a
nation
very
large
,
and
in
armes
couragious
and
valiaunt
,
hauing
their
habitation
in
the
East
towardes
the
morning
sunne
beyond
the
floud
Araxes
,
right
ouer
against
the
Issedonians
,
and
being
(
as
some
men
suppose
)
a
part
of
Scythia
.
The
Riuer
Araxes
is
both
greater
and
lesse
then
the
mighty
streame
called
Ister
,
wherein
also
are
many
Iles
not
inferiour
in
compasse
to
the
Iland
Lesbus
.
The
people
of
those
Iles
liue
in
the
sommer
time
by
all
kinde
of
rootes
whiche
themselues
plucke
vp
and
gather
,
reseruing
the
fruite
of
their
trees
that
is
ripe
and
ready
to
be
eaten
for
their
winter
foode
and
sustenance
.
By
these
people
were
found
out
and
deseryed
certayne
trees
,
whose
fruite
beeing
cast
into
the
fire
(
which
they
vse
to
kindle
swarming
together
in
great
flockes
)
doth
no
lesse
incharme
and
make
drunken
the
senses
of
those
that
fit
by
,
with
the
sauour
and
smell
proceeding
therefro
,
then
their
wyne
doth
intoxicate
the
heads
of
the
Grecians
,
being
so
much
the
more
idle
in
their
braynes
by
how
much
the
more
they
burne
of
the
aforesaid
fruite
:
euen
so
farre
at
length
,
that
they
fall
to
singing
,
dauncing
and
leaping
past
measure
.
Now
the
floude
Araxes
(
like
as
also
the
ryuer
Gyndes
which
Cyrus
broached
and
deuyded
into
360
trenches
)
beginneth
at
the
Mantien
hylles
parting
it selfe
into
sixty
seuerall
streames
,
the
rest
(
one
only
excepted
)
haue
their
endinges
in
fennes
and
marishe
groundes
:
where
certayne
people
are
sayde
to
make
their
abode
,
which
are
nourished
by
rawe
fishes
,
being
clothed
and
apparelled
in
Seale
skinnes
.
The
other
parte
of
Araxes
continueth
his
course
vnto
the
sea
called
Caspium
,
which
is
a
sea
of
it selfe
,
not
permixt
and
mingled
with
any
other
,
for
aswell
the
salte
water
through
the
which
the
Grecians
vse
to
saile
,
as
also
the
other
without
the
pyllers
called
Atlanticum
,
finally
,
the
red
sea
&
it
do
meete
each
with
other
and
are
all
one
:
but
the
Caspian
waters
are
hemmed
in
&
inclosed
with
their
owne
shores
,
being
in
length
15.
dayes
sayle
for
a
light
shippe
that
goeth
with
oares
:
in
bredth
such
that
the
widest
parte
(
which
is
toward
the
west
)
may
be
passed
ouer
in
eyght
dayes
.
The
west
side
of
this
sea
is
edged
in
by
the
mountayne
Caucasus
,
being
of
incomparable
height
and
greatnesse
:
vpon
this
hill
one
people
of
all
sortes
inhabyting
:
very
many
&
diuerse
susteyned
by
wilde
foode
and
fieldishe
reliefe
.
The
leaues
which
their
trees
beare
are
much
like
vnto
ours
in
shew
,
though
different
in
nature
:
these
they
beate
to
powlder
,
and
rempering
them
with
a
quantity
of
water
they
make
of
them
a
certayne
colour
of
such
force
and
vertue
that
paynting
therewith
vppon
their
garments
the
similitudes
of
sundry
wilde
beasts
,
it
neuer
chaungeth
hue
,
but
euen
as
if
the
pictures
had
bene
wouen
and
wrought
in
the
cloth
:
so
together
with
the
woolle
it selfe
they
weare
out
and
decay
.
These
men
after
the
maner
of
brute
beastes
meddle
and
accompany
with
their
women
in
open
sight
.
Now
the
West
parte
of
the
sea
Caspian
being
inuyroned
by
the
hill
Caucasus
,
the
side
which
extendeth
toward
the
Easte
beateth
vpon
a
large
,
spacious
,
&
ample
playne
.
The
most
parte
of
this
playne
is
possessed
by
the
Massagets
,
whom
Cyrus
for
diuerse
&
waighty
causes
was
styrred
vp
and
prouoked
to
assaile
by
warre
.
First
by
the
remembraunce
of
his
birth
and
infancie
,
whereby
he
was
moued
to
thinke
and
imagyne
him selfe
to
bee
more
then
halfe
a
god
,
farre
aduaunced
aboue
the
mortall
estate
of
humane
kinde
.
Againe
not
a
litle
puffed
vp
and
emboldned
by
the
luck
and
prosperous
atchieuaunce
of
all
his
aduentures
wherein
fortune
shewed
him
so
amiable
a
countenaunce
,
that
against
what
nation
soeuer
hee
set
his
force
,
the
same
hee
caused
eyther
to
bend
or
breake
,
alwayes
hauing
the
better
hande
of
his
enemyes
.
The
kingdome
of
the
Massagets
after
the
decease
of
the
prince
hir
husband
was
held
by
the
most
noble
and
vertuous
Queene
Tomyris
,
vnto
whom
Cyrus
addressinge
certayne
messengers
in
fained
glose
of
deceiptfull
words
,
demaunded
hir
mariage
:
but
the
prudent
and
couragious
lady
perceiuing
his
bent
,
how
not
for
the
loue
of
hir selfe
,
but
for
desire
of
the
kingdome
he
had
couloured
a
sute
of
dissembled
matrimony
,
flatly
forbadde
him
to
come
within
the
lystes
and
boundes
of
hir
countrey
.
Cyrus
seeing
his
pollicie
to
be
in
vayne
,
lead
his
power
to
the
ryuer
Araxes
,
in
open
and
professed
wise
,
threatning
vengeance
and
all
kinde
of
cruelty
against
the
realme
of
the
Massagets
:
wherefore
hauing
couered
the
ryuer
with
certayne
bridges
,
whereby
to
trayne
and
conu●y
his
army
ouer
the
water
hee
fortified
the
same
with
defence
&
munition
of
towers
builte
by
the
help
&
ayde
of
ships
which
he
made
for
the
purpose
:
to
whom
being
diligently
conuersant
&
busied
in
these
affaires
,
Tomyris
dispatched
an
Herauld
of
peace
with
a
message
as
followeth
.
Thou
king
of
the
Medes
,
leaue
of
to
trouble
thy selfe
in
those
matters
which
the
hast
taken
in
hand
,
vncertayne
what
gayne
that
shalt
reape
by
this
thine
enterprise
:
be
quiet
therefore
&
be
king
of
thine
owne
,
suffring
vs
to
inioy
these
borders
whereof
we
haue
the
right
&
chiefe
dominion
.
But
what
?
disdaynest
y●
my
counsaile
?
preferrest
thou
al
things
before
peace
&
quietnesse
?
Be
it
then
,
if
thy
hart
burne
to
be
dealing
with
the
Mas●agets
,
cease
thy
buyldings
&
either
follow
vs
3.
dayes
iourney
into
our
countrey
,
or
departe
our
coasts
&
receiue
vs
into
thine
.
Cyrus
hauing
heard
this
greeting
,
assembled
together
the
chiefe
of
the
Persians
&
propounded
the
matter
to
be
scanned
among
them
:
who
being
all
of
one
mynde
&
consenting
in
one
opinion
made
it
no
controuersie
,
but
that
it
behoued
rather
Tomyris
with
hir
army
to
be
receyued
into
Persia
&
them selues
to
retyre
into
their
owne
lande
:
against
whom
Craesus
being
of
a
contrary
iudgment
began
to
reason
&
argue
in
this
maner
.
Truly
(
O
king
)
as
I
sayd
before
,
since
it
hath
pleased
the
mighty
Iupiter
to
delyuer
mee
into
thy
hands
:
whatsoeuer
I
shall
marke
to
be
amisse
in
thy
house
the
same
to
the
most
of
my
power
I
will
study
to
amend
:
for
myne
owne
fortune
albeit
an
vnthankfull
mistresse
,
yet
hath
she
bene
a
lesson
and
schooling
vnto
me
:
if
thou
thinke
thy selfe
a
god
,
and
thy
army
immortall
,
my
counsaile
is
not
for
thee
,
my
sentence
cannot
auayle
thee
:
but
if
the
acknowledge
thy selfe
to
be
mortall
,
and
to
rule
ouer
those
that
be
subiect
to
death
,
learne
this
first
,
that
the
affayres
of
men
are
placed
as
it
were
in
a
circle
,
which
being
rowled
and
turned
about
ne
permitteth
the
same
man
to
bee
alwayes
fortunate
:
as
touching
therefore
the
question
propounded
I
vary
in
opyon
from
all
thy
counsaile
:
for
geuing
liberty
to
thy
enemies
to
come
into
thine
owne
realme
,
it
is
to
be
feared
least
at
the
same
time
thou
leese
both
the
victory
and
thy
kingdome
.
thinkest
thou
the
Massagets
if
they
get
the
better
,
will
straight
wayes
depart
without
spoyle
of
thy
countrey
?
contrarywise
,
if
thou
vanquishe
them
what
canst
thou
winne
?
Certes
(
O
Kynge
)
not
comparably
to
that
as
if
thou
beate
these
Cockes
one
their
owne
dunghilles
,
so
mayste
thou
followe
them
presently
vpon
the
spurres
and
set
them
besides
their
owne
pearches
.
Consider
this
(
noble
prince
)
and
if
thou
seeme
to
like
it
,
seeke
to
follow
it
,
and
fly
not
one
foote
before
thou
performe
it
:
that
hauing
done
this
fonde
girle
to
vnderstande
thy
inuincible
force
and
prowesse
,
thou
mayste
follow
thine
enimyes
at
the
hard
heeles
euen
into
the
gates
and
walles
of
their
city
.
For
shame
let
it
not
be
sayd
at
any
time
,
that
Cyrus
the
sonne
of
Cambyses
did
abandone
the
fielde
and
geue
place
to
a
woman
.
I
thinke
it
good
therefore
to
goe
so
farre
forward
,
vntill
they
prouyde
themselues
,
and
come
forth
to
meete
vs
:
wherein
also
we
haue
fit
occasion
to
vse
a
pollicy
.
It
is
not
vnknowne
to
you
that
the
Massegets
are
vnacquainted
with
the
stately
dyet
and
magnificency
of
the
Persians
:
for
which
cause
hauing
left
behind
vs
in
our
tentes
all
store
of
delightesome
and
pleasaunte
meates
,
with
great
plenty
and
aboundance
of
sweete
wines
,
let
vs
leaue
the
weakest
parte
of
our
army
there
,
and
withdraw
our selues
aside
to
the
ryuer
:
our
enemyes
glutted
with
ryot
,
and
bereaued
of
their
right
senses
by
excesse
of
wine
;
what
may
hinder
vs
to
take
them
vnwares
,
causing
them
to
pay
the
pryce
of
their
dinner
with
the
losse
of
their
lyues
.
These
opinions
were
vttered
as
concerning
the
cause
.
But
Cyrus
refusing
to
be
ruled
by
the
Persians
,
betoke
him selfe
wholly
to
follow
the
aduise
of
Craesus
.
Wherefore
he
gaue
significations
to
Tomyris
to
retyre
back
,
declaring
him self
to
be
ready
to
follow
&
geue
her
battle
at
home
in
her
owne
countrey
.
The
Queene
according
as
shee
had
determyned
withdrew
her selfe
backe
into
the
middes
of
the
region
.
Now
king
Cyrus
hauing
committed
to
his
sonne
Cambyses
the
gouernaunce
and
administration
of
the
realme
,
he
delyuered
into
his
hands
Craesus
king
of
the
Lydians
,
earnestly
charging
him
vpon
the
duty
&
obedience
of
a
sonne
,
that
if
his
luck
in
battle
were
worse
then
he
loked
for
,
he
should
let
passe
no
parte
of
courtesie
,
honour
,
&
liberality
towards
him
:
which
when
he
had
sayd
he
sent
them
away
into
Persia
passing
the
water
him selfe
with
his
whole
power
.
The
same
night
after
hee
had
trayned
his
host
ouer
the
streame
of
Araxes
there
befell
vnto
him
a
straunge
vision
,
wherein
being
on
sleepe
he
seemed
to
beholde
the
eldest
sonne
of
Hystaspes
hauing
on
his
shoulders
two
wynges
,
with
one
of
the
which
he
shadowed
all
Asia
,
with
the
other
all
Europa
.
Hystaspes
(
comming
of
the
princely
house
of
the
Persian
Achemenides
and
borne
of
Arsaces
)
had
a
sonne
named
Darius
,
superiour
in
yeares
to
the
rest
of
his
children
,
being
at
that
time
welnigh
twenty
yeares
olde
,
whom
his
father
for
that
hee
was
too
younge
for
the
campe
,
left
at
home
in
his
owne
conntrey
.
Cyrus
awaked
from
his
dreame
,
began
to
waigh
and
ponder
with
him selfe
the
drift
and
intent
of
his
vision
,
and
supposinge
it
to
bee
of
no
smale
moment
called
for
Hystaspes
with
whom
in
secret
wise
hauing
remoued
all
company
he
commoned
thus
.
Thy
sonne
Hystaspes
hath
wrought
treason
,
against
me
and
my
kingdome
,
which
his
disloyall
&
malicious
trechery
.
I
came
to
knowe
by
this
meanes
.
The
heauenly
powers
whose
prouidence
is
a
buckler
to
mee
against
all
aduersity
hauing
chiefe
care
and
regarde
of
my
health
,
haue
shewed
me
all
things
that
are
to
come
.
No
longer
ago
then
this
last
night
I
beheld
in
my
sleepe
the
eldest
of
thy
children
,
bearing
on
each
shoulder
a
mighty
winge
,
and
couering
with
the
one
all
Asia
,
with
the
other
Europa
,
whereby
I
assuredly
coniecture
his
treason
which
hee
couertly
tendeth
against
the
crowne
:
hence
then
,
dispatch
and
speede
thee
into
Persia
,
reserue
him
safely
to
my
nexte
ret●urne
,
that
calling
him
to
his
tryall
.
I
may
see
by
what
meanes
he
can
quit
himselfe
of
trechery
.
These
things
sayd
Cyrus
for
that
hee
assuredly
thought
that
Darius
had
tended
mischiefe
to
his
person
and
priuily
sought
to
vndermine
him
in
his
kingdome
.
But
hee
reckned
without
his
host
,
&
was
farre
deceyued
of
his
accounte
:
for
the
gods
did
foreshew
,
and
signifie
to
him
how
in
that
place
he
should
finishe
his
life
,
and
that
his
kingdome
at
the
length
should
descend
to
Darius
.
Hystaspes
shaping
an
answere
to
the
kings
words
began
and
sayd
.
The
gods
forbid
(
O
mighty
prince
)
that
any
one
of
the
Persian
bloud
should
eyther
malice
thy
person
or
impeach
thy
Maiesty
:
who
if
he
were
knowne
a
thowsand
M.
deathes
were
to
easy
for
him
.
By
whom
,
but
onely
by
thy
ayde
(
most
gratious
king
)
were
we
made
of
slaues
fremen
,
of
subiects
and
vassals
lordes
and
rulers
ouer
other
?
If
the
gods
haue
accused
my
childe
of
treason
,
take
him
,
he
is
thine
owne
,
I
yeelde
him
vp
to
bee
dealt
withall
as
it
séemeth
thee
best
.
His
talke
finished
hee
immediatly
tooke
his
passage
ouer
the
ryuer
Araxes
,
into
Persia
,
for
farther
assuraunce
and
charge
of
his
sonnes
appearaunce
at
the
Kings
pleasure
.
Cyrus
hauing
gayned
the
other
side
of
Araxes
,
and
marched
forward
one
dayes
iourney
,
forthwith
he
did
as
Craesus
had
counsayled
him
,
leauing
in
his
tents
the
feeblest
and
most
vnapt
souldiers
of
his
whole
number
,
and
departed
thence
with
the
rest
to
the
shores
and
banckes
of
Araxes
,
being
lightly
harneysed
and
addressed
for
the
purpose
.
The
seely
remnaunte
of
the
Persians
appointed
to
stay
behinde
in
defence
and
munition
of
the
tentes
,
were
assayled
by
the
third
parte
of
the
Massagets
power
:
where
vsing
al
meanes
to
saue
the
tentes
and
succour
them selues
,
they
were
miserably
foyled
and
slayne
.
The
enemy
entering
the
campe
and
perceyuing
all
places
to
be
furnished
with
sumptuous
prouision
of
dainty
and
delicious
meates
,
toke
the
benefit
of
so
good
and
fauourable
fortune
,
and
fel
freshly
to
the
banquet
,
in
so
much
that
hauing
there
stomacks
forced
with
bittayls
and
their
heads
inchaunted
with
wyne
,
they
were
taken
with
a
profounde
&
heauy
sleepe
:
when
of
a
sudden
the
Persians
returning
from
their
ambush
,
came
vpon
them
vnwares
&
putting
the
most
parte
to
the
sword
,
the
rest
they
tooke
and
apprehended
alyue
.
Among
these
was
the
sonne
of
Queene
Tomyris
named
Spargapises
,
to
whom
was
geuen
and
committed
the
guiding
of
the
army
.
Tomyris
aduertised
of
hir
sonnes
misfortune
together
with
the
chaunce
and
losse
of
hir
subiects
,
full
of
stomacke
and
displeasure
,
sent
hir
Legate
the
second
time
,
and
saluted
Cyrus
on
this
wise
.
Thou
insatiable
and
bloudy
boutcher
boast
not
thy selfe
of
this
thou
hast
done
,
for
if
by
the
fruite
and
sappe
of
the
Vyne
(
wherewith
thy selfe
otherwhyles
being
filled
to
the
very
eyes
art
free
from
no
madnesse
,
vyce
,
and
blasphemy
)
if
herewith
I
say
,
thou
hast
taken
and
inchaunted
my
sonne
:
it
is
thy
pollicy
,
not
thy
power
:
thy
craft
,
not
thy
courage
that
hath
gotten
thee
the
victory
.
Well
then
:
once
agayne
heare
mee
,
and
bee
ruled
by
my
counsayle
:
get
thee
hence
yet
,
and
bee
speedily
packinge
,
release
my
sonne
whom
thou
hast
in
hold
:
for
if
in
case
thou
refuse
and
stay
but
one
moment
,
I
sweare
by
the
Sunne
the
god
and
king
of
the
Massagets
,
I
will
glut
that
greedy
pawnch
of
thine
with
aboundaunce
of
bloude
,
wherewith
thou
seemest
to
bee
insaturable
and
neuer
to
be
satisfied
.
These
words
with
Cyrus
came
in
at
one
eare
and
went
out
at
the
other
,
lighter
in
value
then
the
wynd
in
waight
.
Notwithstandinge
,
seely
Spargapises
sonne
to
the
stoute
and
couragious
Queene
.
Tomyris
,
being
throughly
awaked
and
come
to
him selfe
,
perceyuing
the
case
he
was
in
,
humbly
besought
Cyrus
to
loose
him
&
take
of
his
bondes
:
which
done
,
and
hauing
his
hands
at
liberty
,
hee
pawnched
him selfe
into
the
belly
with
a
Iauelyne
,
and
so
dyed
.
Such
was
the
end
and
heauy
desteny
of
poore
Spargapises
the
Queenes
sonne
.
Whom
his
mother
greatly
lamenting
,
and
seeing
hir
counsayle
to
take
no
place
,
gathered
a
mighty
power
&
fought
with
king
Cyrus
in
such
sorte
,
that
of
all
battayles
&
combatryes
of
the
Barbarians
there
was
neuer
any
so
bloudy
,
fell
,
and
cruell
on
both
sides
as
this
.
The
fight
and
battayle
it selfe
was
in
this
maner
.
First
of
all
being
distant
one
from
another
a
certayne
space
,
they
assaulted
each
other
by
shotte
of
Arrowes
,
which
beinge
spente
&
consumed
,
so
feirce
a
close
was
geuen
on
both
parts
with
Swords
,
Daggers
,
and
Iauelynes
,
that
the
very
fire
sparkled
out
by
the
force
and
might
of
their
blowes
.
Thus
the
battayle
remayned
equall
a
greate
space
,
neither
parte
yeelding
the
breadth
of
a
hayre
to
his
enemy
,
till
at
the
length
the
Massagets
preuailing
,
made
a
great
slaughter
of
the
Persians
:
wherein
Cyrus
himselfe
hauing
raygned
thirty
yeares
saue
one
,
made
a
finall
ende
and
conclusion
of
his
dayes
:
whom
the
wrathfull
Queene
Tomyris
seeking
oute
amonge
the
slayne
and
mangled
bodyes
of
the
Persians
,
toke
his
head
&
throwing
it
into
a
vessell
filled
with
bloud
,
in
vaunting
and
glorious
wife
insulted
ouer
it
in
these
words
.
Thou
Bout●herly
tyrant
,
my
sonne
thou
tokest
by
craft
and
kylledst
by
cruelty
,
wherefore
with
thy selfe
I
haue
kept
touch
.
Now
therefore
take
thy
fill
bloudy
caitife
,
sucke
there
till
thy
belly
cracke
.
In
this
maner
dyed
the
noble
King
Cyrus
:
of
whose
death
and
ende
since
many
and
sundry
thinges
are
bruted
,
it
stein●d
vs
good
to
followe
that
,
which
among
the
rest
founded
neerest
to
truth
.
The
Massage●s
are
very
like
the
Scythians
both
in
lyuing
and
attyre
.
There
maner
is
to
fighte
both
on
foote
and
horse
backe
,
in
both
kindes
exceeding
valiaunt
.
There
weapons
which
they
vse
are
Arrowes
,
Speares
,
&
short
Daggers
after
the
maner
,
and
custome
of
the
countrey
:
all
their
Harnesse
and
furniture
is
garnished
and
adorned
both
with
Golde
and
Brasse
:
vsinge
to
their
Speares
Duyuers
and
Daggers
,
Spangs
and
bullions
of
brasse
:
their
Costlets
,
Belts
,
and
the
rest
of
their
armour
beinge
gallauntely
set
forth
and
beautified
with
Golde
.
In
like
maner
also
the
curets
of
their
horse
are
layde
&
embossed
with
curious
worke
of
Golde
:
wherewith
also
are
done
and
beset
their
raynes
,
brydles
,
and
trappinges
:
being
altogether
vnacquainted
with
the
vse
of
Siluer
,
or
Iron
.
For
the
land
yeelding
vnto
them
inestimable
plenty
of
Gold
and
Brasse
,
yet
of
Siluer
and
Iron
it
is
quite
voyde
and
destitute
.
Moreouer
their
maners
are
these
.
Euery
one
marieth
a
wyfe
,
which
notwithstanding
is
common
and
indifferente
to
all
.
For
that
which
the
Grecians
affirme
to
bee
done
by
the
Scythians
,
the
selfe
same
,
not
they
,
but
the
Massagets
doe
commonly
vse
and
practise
:
being
of
a
very
certainety
,
that
as
oft
as
any
of
the
Massagets
is
moued
with
desire
of
Women
,
he
maketh
no
more
adoe
but
hanging
his
quyuer
vpon
the
pinne
of
his
wayne
,
goeth
openly
to
worke
without
any
regard
.
They
haue
no
certaine
ende
or
terme
of
their
liues
:
but
as
euery
one
is
arryued
to
the
pits
brinke
,
&
growne
to
extremity
of
age
,
him
his
kinsfolkes
and
acquaintance
take
with
certayne
cattell
and
sacrifice
him
to
the
gods
,
whose
fleshe
being
afterwardes
boyled
in
a
Chaldern
,
they
make
thereof
a
solemne
feaste
or
banquet
.
Which
kinde
&
maner
of
death
is
esteemed
with
them
the
most
blessed
and
glorydus
death
that
can
possibly
happen
to
man
.
Such
as
dye
through
any
disease
or
malady
,
they
neuer
eate
,
but
ouerwhelm
and
couer
them
with
mouldes
,
holding
him
vnhappy
and
accursed
that
lyued
not
to
the
diuine
dignity
and
honour
of
sacrifice
.
They
sowe
not
one
foote
of
grounde
,
but
mayntaine
them selues
and
liue
by
fish
,
great
aboundaunce
whereof
the
riuer
Araxes
doth
yeelde
vnto
them
.
Their
only
drinke
is
milke
,
besides
the
which
they
vse
nothinge
.
Among
the
gods
they
geue
honour
to
the
Sunne
alone
,
vnto
whom
they
consecrate
and
offer
vp
horses
:
which
manner
of
oblation
they
ordayned
for
this
reason
:
that
to
the
quickest
,
and
swiftest
of
all
the
gods
,
they
might
likewise
offer
the
most
flight
and
swifte
creature
that
lyueth
on
the
earth
.
K.
v.
Herodotus
his
second
Booke
entituled
Euterpe
.
AFter
the
death
of
the
most
noble
&
vertuous
King
Cyrus
,
there
succeeded
him
in
the
empyre
a
son
of
his
,
named
Cambyses
,
born
of
Cassandana
daughter
to
Pharnasphus
,
who
dying
long
tyme
before
the
king
hir
spouse
,
was
greatly
bewayled
by
him
,
and
his
whole
empyre
.
The
younge
prince
Cambyses
makinge
none
other
accounte
of
the
Iönes
,
then
of
his
lawfull
seruaunts
left
him
by
the
due
right
and
title
of
inheritaunce
,
went
in
expedition
against
the
Aegyptians
,
preparing
an
army
aswell
out
of
other
countreys
as
also
out
of
the
regions
&
borders
of
Greece
,
which
were
vnder
his
gouernment
.
The
Aegyptians
before
such
time
as
Psamme●ichus
held
the
supremicy
,
thought
them selues
to
haue
bene
the
first
and
moste
auncient
people
of
the
world
.
This
king
in
time
of
his
raigne
and
gouernaunce
in
Aegypt
,
for
the
great
desire
hee
had
to
know
by
what
people
the
earth
was
first
inhabited
wrought
Beccos
,
Beccos
:
which
at
the
first
hearing
,
the
Pastour
noted
only
and
made
no
words
:
but
perceyuing
him selfe
alwayes
saluted
after
one
sort
:
and
that
euermore
at
his
entraunce
the
children
spake
the
same
word
,
the
matter
was
opened
to
the
king
:
at
whose
commaundement
he
brought
the
children
and
deliuered
them
vp
into
his
hands
:
whom
when
Psammetichus
also
himselfe
had
heard
to
chat
in
the
same
maner
,
he
made
curiouse
search
what
people
vsed
the
word
Beccos
in
their
language
,
&
in
what
meaning
they
toke
it
.
Whereby
he
came
to
know
that
the
word
was
accustomably
vsed
by
the
people
of
Phrygia
to
signifie
bread
.
For
which
cause
the
Aegyptians
came
into
opinion
,
that
the
Phrygians
were
of
greater
time
&
longer
continuance
then
them selues
.
Of
all
which
matter
,
&
the
maner
of
doing
thereof
.
I
was
credibly
informed
by
the
priestes
of
the
god
Vulcane
,
abiding
at
Memphis
.
Howbeit
many
fond
fables
are
recited
by
the
Grecian
writers
,
that
Psammetichus
geuing
the
children
to
certaine
women
of
the
country
to
sucke
&
bring
vp
,
caused
their
tongues
to
bee
cut
out
that
they
might
not
speake
to
them
.
Thus
much
was
rehearsed
by
them
of
the
trayning
vp
&
education
of
the
infants
.
Many
other
things
also
were
told
me
by
the
holy
and
religious
Chaplaynes
of
the
god
Vulcane
,
with
whom
I
had
often
conference
at
Memphis
.
Moreouer
,
for
the
same
occasion
I
toke
a
iourney
to
Thebs
&
Heliopolis
,
which
is
to
wit
,
the
city
of
the
Sunne
,
to
the
end
I
might
Aegyptians
.
Notwithstanding
of
diuine
&
heauenly
matters
,
as
touching
their
gods
,
loke
what
they
told
me
Menes
,
vnder
whose
gouernaunce
all
the
lande
of
Aegypt
except
the
prouince
of
Thebes
was
wholly
couered
&
ouerwhelmed
with
water
,
and
that
no
parte
of
the
ground
which
lyes
aboue
the
poole
called
Myris
was
then
to
be
sene
:
into
which
poole
from
Aegypt
,
after
you
come
within
one
dayes
sayling
of
the
lande
,
at
euery
sounde
with
the
plummet
,
you
shall
bringe
vppe
great
store
of
mud
and
noysome
filth
,
euen
in
such
place
as
the
water
is
eleuen
ells
in
depth
:
whereby
it
is
manyfest
that
so
farre
the
ground
was
cast
vppe
and
left
bare
by
the
waters
.
The
length
of
Aegypt
by
the
sea
coaste
is
423.
miles
and
a
halfe
:
according
to
our
lymitation
which
is
from
the
coaste
of
Plynthines
,
to
the
poole
named
Selbonis
,
wherevnto
reacheth
an
ende
of
the
great
mountayne
Cassius
:
on
this
side
therefore
Aegypte
is
sixety
scheanes
,
which
conteyne
the
number
of
myles
before
mentioned
.
For
with
the
Aegyptians
such
as
are
slenderly
landed
,
measure
Parasanga
:
lastly
such
as
in
large
and
ample
possessions
exceede
the
rest
,
meete
their
torritory
by
Schoenes
.
The
measure
Parasanga
contayneth
thirty
furlongs
,
the
Schoene
three
score
,
Pisa
,
and
the
palace
of
Iupiter
Olympius
,
betwene
which
two
wayes
by
iust
computation
can
hardly
bee
founde
more
then
fifteene
furlonges
difference
:
for
the
distaunce
betwene
Athens
and
Pisa
is
supposed
to
want
of
1500
furlongs
,
fiftene
,
which
number
in
the
other
of
Aegypt
is
ful
,
complet
,
and
perfit
:
trauayling
from
Heliopolis
by
the
hills
you
shall
finde
Aegypt
to
be
straight
and
narrowe
compassed
,
banked
on
the
one
side
by
a
mighty
hill
of
Arabia
,
reachinge
from
the
North
towardes
the
South
which
by
degrees
waxeth
higher
and
higher
,
and
beareth
vpwards
toward
the
redd
sea
.
In
this
mountayne
are
sundry
quaries
out
of
the
which
that
people
of
Aegypte
hewed
their
stone
to
builde
the
Pyramides
at
Memphis
:
one
this
side
,
the
hill
draweth
and
wyndeth
it selfe
towarde
those
places
whereof
we
spake
before
.
The
selfe
same
mountayne
hath
another
course
from
the
Easte
to
the
Weste
stretching
so
farre
in
length
as
a
man
may
trauayle
in
two
monethes
:
the
Easte
ende
hereof
yeldeth
frankincense
in
great
aboundaunce
:
likewise
one
the
other
side
of
Aegypt
which
lyeth
towardes
Africa
,
there
runneth
another
stony
hill
,
wherein
are
builte
certayne
Pyramedes
very
full
of
grauell
&
grosse
The
spate
betwene
the
mountaynes
is
champion
ground
,
being
in
the
narrowest
place
not
aboue
two
hundred
furlongs
from
the
one
hill
to
the
other
:
hauing
passed
this
straight
,
Aegypt
openeth
into
a
large
and
ample
widenesse
extendinge
it selfe
in
great
breadth
:
such
is
the
maner
and
situation
of
the
countrey
.
Furthermore
,
from
Heliopolis
to
Thebs
is
nyne
dayes
iourney
by
water
,
being
seuered
from
each
other
in
distance
of
place
foure
thowsand
eight
hundred
and
sixty
furlongs
,
which
amounteth
to
the
number
of
foure
score
and
one
schoenes
:
of
the
furlongs
aforesayd
,
three
thowsand
and
sixe
hundred
lye
to
the
sea
,
as
wee
declared
before
:
Now
from
the
sea
coaste
to
the
city
Thebs
are
6120.
furlonges
of
playne
ground
,
&
from
Thebs
to
the
city
Elephantina
,
820.
Of
all
the
region
and
countrey
.
Aegypt
whereof
wee
haue
spoken
the
most
parte
is
borow
〈…〉
ground
,
wherein
the
waters
heretofore
haue
had
their
cour
〈…〉
for
all
the
whole
bottome
which
lyeth
betwene
the
two
mountaines
aboue
the
city
Memphis
seemeth
to
haue
bene
a
narrow
sea
,
much
like
vnto
those
places
that
lye
about
Ilium
,
Teuthrania
,
Ephesus
,
and
the
playne
of
Meander
:
if
it
be
not
amisse
to
bring
smale
things
in
comparison
with
greater
matters
:
forasmuch
as
none
of
those
ryuers
which
held
their
passage
in
the
places
forenamed
,
are
worthy
to
be
mentioned
where
any
one
of
the
seuen
streames
of
Nylus
are
brought
into
talke
:
there
be
also
other
floudes
not
comparable
in
bignesse
to
Nylus
,
which
Achelous
,
which
flowing
through
Acarnania
into
that
sea
of
the
Iles
Echinades
,
hath
ioyned
the
halfe
parte
of
the
Iles
to
the
mayne
and
continent
.
In
the
countrey
of
Arabia
,
not
far
from
Aegypt
there
is
a
certaine
arme
or
bosome
of
the
sea
,
hauing
a
breach
&
issue
out
of
the
red
sea
,
the
length
whereof
beginning
at
the
end
of
that
angle
or
creeke
&
continuing
to
the
wyde
mayne
,
is
foure
dayes
sayle
:
the
breadth
easy
to
be
cut
ouer
in
halfe
a
day
:
in
this
narrow
sea
the
waters
ebbe
&
flow
,
raging
and
roaring
exceedingly
against
a
forde
or
shalow
place
,
wherat
the
streame
beateth
with
great
violence
:
such
a
like
creeke
I
suppose
to
haue
bene
in
former
ages
in
the
lande
of
Aegypte
,
which
brake
out
from
the
North
sea
,
and
continued
his
course
towards
Aethyopia
:
like
as
also
the
Arabian
sea
(
whereof
we
haue
spoken
)
floweth
from
the
south
waters
,
towards
that
coasts
of
Syria
,
both
which
straights
welnigh
in
their
furthest
corners
concur
&
meete
together
being
separrted
by
no
great
distaunce
of
ground
:
were
it
then
that
that
ryuer
Nilus
should
make
a
vent
,
&
shed
it selfe
into
the
narrow
sea
of
Arabia
,
what
might
binder
,
but
that
in
200000
yeares
,
by
that
continuall
&
daily
course
of
that
ryuer
,
the
creeke
of
the
salt
waters
should
be
cleane
altered
&
become
dry
:
for
I
think
it
possible
,
if
in
10000
yeares
before
me
,
sundry
ryuers
haue
chaunged
their
courses
&
left
the
ground
dry
whereas
first
they
ran
:
an
arme
of
the
sea
also
much
greater
then
that
may
bee
dryuen
besides
his
naturall
bosome
,
especially
by
the
force
of
so
great
a
streame
as
the
riuer
Nilus
,
by
whom
diuerse
things
of
greater
admiration
haue
bene
brought
to
passe
.
The
reporte
therefore
which
they
gaue
of
the
soyle
I
was
easely
Pyramides
.
Agayne
,
it
is
in
no
point
like
to
any
of
the
countryes
that
lye
next
vnto
it
,
neither
to
Arabia
,
Lybia
,
nor
Syria
,
(
for
the
Syrians
inhabite
the
sea
coaste
of
Arabia
)
being
of
a
blacke
and
brittle
moulde
,
which
commeth
to
passe
by
the
greate
store
of
mudde
and
slimy
matter
which
the
ryuer
beinge
a
flote
bringeth
out
of
Aethyopia
into
the
lande
of
the
Aegyptians
.
The
earth
of
Lybia
is
much
more
redde
and
sandy
vnderneath
.
The
moulde
of
Arabia
and
Syria
drawe
neere
to
a
fatte
and
batile
claye
,
beynge
vnder
grounde
very
rockye
and
full
of
stone
.
Lykewyse
,
for
proofe
that
the
Region
in
tyme
past
was
watery
ground
the
priests
alleadged
how
in
the
time
of
kinge
Myris
his
raygne
the
floud
arysing
to
the
heighth
of
8.
cubits
watered
the
whole
countrey
of
Aegypte
lying
beneath
Memphis
,
scarse
900
yeares
being
past
&
expired
since
the
death
and
decease
of
Myris
:
whereas
at
these
dayes
vnlesse
it
swell
and
increase
15.
or
16.
cubits
high
,
it
commeth
not
at
all
into
that
coast
,
which
aforesaid
coast
,
if
accordingly
to
the
fall
of
the
riuer
it
grow
still
in
loftynesse
and
become
higher
,
the
earth
receyuinge
no
Delta
,
will
euermore
be
annoyed
with
the
same
plague
and
inconuenience
,
whych
the
Gretians
(
by
their
accounte
)
are
sometimes
like
to
abyde
.
For
the
people
of
Aegypt
hearing
that
the
whole
countrey
of
Greece
was
moystned
and
watered
by
the
seasonable
fall
of
rayne
and
showers
,
&
not
by
floudes
and
ryuers
lyke
vnto
their
owne
:
they
prophecy
that
the
day
would
come
,
when
as
the
Greekes
being
deceyued
of
their
hope
would
all
pearishe
through
famine
and
hunger
:
meaning
that
if
the
gods
did
not
vouchsafe
to
send
them
raine
in
due
season
,
from
whome
alone
they
haue
their
moysture
,
the
whole
nation
shoulde
goe
to
wracke
for
want
of
sustenaunce
.
Thus
farre
is
pleased
them
to
descant
of
the
fortune
of
Greece
.
Let
vs
nowe
consider
in
what
estate
and
condition
they
stand
them selues
if
then
(
as
we
sayd
before
)
the
lowe
countrey
of
Memphis
(
for
in
these
is
the
gayne
and
increase
of
grounde
seene
)
waxe
&
augment
accordingely
as
in
former
times
,
our
friendes
of
Aegypt
shall
shew
vs
the
way
,
what
it
is
to
be
famished
and
dye
by
hunger
:
if
neyther
theyr
land
be
moystened
by
the
sweete
and
timely
showres
of
rayne
,
nor
by
the
swelling
and
rysing
of
the
riuer
.
For
as
now
,
they
haue
an
especiall
aduauntage
aswell
of
all
Ionia
,
as
touching
the
land
of
Aegypt
,
who
affirme
,
that
the
true
countrey
of
Aegypt
is
in
very
deede
nothing
else
saue
the
Perseus
)
testifying
besides
,
that
by
the
sea
coast
to
the
salt
waters
of
Pelusium
,
it
stretcheth
forty
scheanes
in
length
,
and
reacheth
from
the
sea
toward
the
hart
of
the
region
,
to
the
city
of
the
Cercasians
(
neere
vnto
which
the
riuer
Nilus
parteth
it selfe
into
two
seueral
mouthes
,
the
one
whereof
is
called
Pelusium
,
the
other
Canobus
)
and
that
all
the
other
partes
of
Aegypt
are
belonging
to
Arabia
and
Africa
,
we
might
very
well
inferre
and
prooue
heereof
,
that
the
countrey
of
Aegypt
in
former
times
was
none
at
all
.
For
the
land
of
Delta
(
as
they
say
,
and
we
easily
beleeue
)
was
grounde
lif●
voyde
and
naked
by
the
water
,
and
that
of
late
yeares
also
and
not
long
ago
:
wherefore
if
they
had
no
countrey
at
all
,
what
caused
them
so
curiously
to
labour
in
the
searching
out
and
blazing
of
their
auncienty
,
supposing
themselues
to
be
the
chiefe
of
all
people
,
the
knowledge
and
intelligence
whereof
,
was
not
worth
the
two
yeares
triall
and
experiment
which
they
wrought
in
the
children
.
I
my selfe
am
fully
perswaded
,
that
the
Aegyptians
tooke
not
their
beginning
together
with
the
place
of
Delta
.
but
were
alwayes
since
the
first
beginning
and
originall
of
mankinde
,
whose
countrey
gayning
ground
,
and
increasing
by
the
chaunge
and
alteration
of
the
riuer
,
many
of
them
went
downe
from
the
high
countrey
,
and
inhabited
the
low
places
,
for
which
cause
,
the
City
Thebes
,
and
the
countrey
belonging
thereto
,
was
heeretofore
called
Aegypt
,
the
circuite
and
compasse
whereof
is
6120.
furlongs
.
Be
it
so
then
that
our
opinion
accord
and
consent
wyth
truth
,
the
Graecian
writers
are
in
a
wrong
boxe
,
but
if
they
speake
truely
,
yet
in
other
matters
they
recken
without
theyr
hoste
,
making
but
three
partes
of
the
whole
earth
,
Europa
,
Asia
,
and
Africa
:
whereas
of
necessity
Delta
in
Aegypt
should
be
accounted
for
the
fourth
,
sithens
by
their
owne
bookes
it
is
neyther
ioyned
with
Asia
,
nor
yet
with
Africa
.
For
by
this
account
,
it
is
not
the
riuer
Nilus
that
diuides
Asia
from
Africa
,
which
at
the
poynt
and
sharpe
angle
of
Delta
,
cutting
it selfe
into
two
sundry
streames
,
that
which
lyes
in
the
middes
should
equally
pertayne
both
to
Asia
and
Africa
.
But
to
leaue
the
iudgement
and
opinion
of
the
Greekes
,
we
say
and
affyrme
,
that
all
that
countrey
is
rightly
tearmed
Aegypt
,
whiche
is
held
and
possessed
by
the
Aegyptians
,
euen
as
also
we
make
no
doubt
to
call
those
places
Cilicia
and
Assyria
where
the
Cilicians
and
Assyrians
do
dwell
.
In
like
manner
,
according
to
truth
,
Asia
and
Africa
are
disseuered
and
parted
betweene
themselues
by
none
other
borders
,
then
by
the
limits
and
boundes
of
Aegypt
.
Howbeit
,
if
we
followe
the
Graecians
,
all
Aegypt
(
beginning
at
the
places
called
Catadupae
and
the
city
Elephantina
)
is
to
be
diuided
into
two
partes
,
which
draw
their
names
of
the
regions
wherevnto
they
are
adioyned
,
the
one
belonging
to
Africa
the
other
to
Asia
.
For
the
riuer
Nilus
taking
his
beginning
from
the
Catadupae
so
called
,
and
flowing
Aegypt
,
breaketh
into
the
sea
,
running
in
one
streame
til
it
come
to
the
city
of
the
Cercasians
,
and
afterwards
leuering
it selfe
into
three
sundry
chanels
.
The
first
of
these
chanels
turneth
to
the
East
,
and
is
called
Pelusium
,
Canobus
,
the
third
streame
flowing
directly
in
a
straight
line
,
kepeth
this
course
,
first
of
all
scouring
through
the
vpper
coastes
of
the
countrey
,
it
beateth
full
vpon
the
point
of
Delta
,
through
the
middest
whereof
,
it
hath
a
straight
and
direct
streame
euen
vnto
the
sea
,
being
the
fayrest
and
most
famous
of
all
the
rest
of
the
chanels
,
and
is
called
Sebennyticum
.
From
this
streame
are
deriued
two
other
armes
also
,
Saiticum
,
the
other
Mendesium
.
For
as
touching
those
braunches
and
Nilus
,
which
they
tearme
Bolbitinum
and
Bucolicum
,
they
are
not
naturally
made
by
course
of
the
water
,
but
drawne
out
and
digged
by
the
labour
of
men
.
I
followe
not
the
fantasies
of
mine
owne
brayne
,
nor
imagine
any
thing
of
my selfe
,
for
that
the
countrey
of
Aegypt
is
so
wyde
,
and
of
such
amplitude
as
we
haue
described
it
,
I
appeale
to
the
oracle
of
the
god
Hammon
which
came
into
my
minde
,
beeyng
in
study
and
meditation
about
these
matters
.
The
people
of
the
two
cities
Maerea
and
Apia
that
inhabite
the
borders
of
Aegypt
next
vnto
Africa
,
esteeming
themselues
Africans
,
not
of
the
Aegyptians
,
became
weary
of
their
ceremonies
and
religion
,
and
would
no
longer
absteyne
from
the
fleshe
of
kyne
and
feamale
cattell
,
as
the
rest
of
the
Aegyptians
did
,
they
sent
therefore
Hammon
,
denying
themselues
to
be
of
Aegypt
,
because
they
dwelt
not
within
the
compasse
of
Delta
,
neither
agreed
with
them
in
any
thing
,
wherefore
they
desired
the
god
that
it
might
be
lawful
for
them
without
restraint
to
taste
of
all
meates
indifferently
:
but
the
oracle
forbade
them
so
to
do
,
shewing
how
all
that
region
was
iustly
accounted
Aegypt
which
the
waters
of
Nilus
ouerranne
and
couered
,
adding
heereto
all
those
people
that
dwelling
beneath
the
city
Elephantina
,
dranke
of
the
water
of
the
same
floud
.
This
aunswere
Africa
,
and
likewise
the
other
side
adioyning
to
Arabia
,
couering
the
earth
on
both
partes
the
space
of
two
dayes
iourney
or
thereabout
.
As
touching
the
nature
of
the
riuer
Nilus
,
I
could
not
bee
satisfyed
either
by
the
priests
,
or
by
any
other
,
being
alwayes
very
willing
and
desirous
to
heare
something
thereof
,
first
,
Of
the
causes
of
these
thynges
the
people
of
Aegypt
were
ignoraunte
themselues
,
not
able
to
tell
mee
anye
thyng
whether
Nilus
had
any
proper
and
peculiar
:
vertue
different
from
the
nature
of
other
flouds
.
About
which
matters
being
very
inquisitiue
,
mooued
with
desire
of
knowledge
,
I
demaunded
Nilus
,
and
set
Nilus
:
but
imagine
it
were
otherwise
,
yet
this
of
necessitie
must
follow
,
that
all
riuers
whatsoeuer
hauing
a
full
and
direct
course
against
the
windes
Etesiae
,
shall
in
like
maner
swell
and
grow
ouer
their
bankes
,
and
so
much
the
rather
,
by
how
much
the
lesse
and
weake
the
flouds
themselues
are
,
whose
streames
are
opposed
against
the
same
.
But
there
be
many
riuers
as
well
in
Syria
as
in
Africa
,
that
suffer
no
such
motion
and
change
as
hath
bin
sayd
of
the
floud
Nilus
.
There
is
another
opinion
of
lesse
credite
and
learning
,
albeit
of
greater
woonder
and
admiration
then
the
first
,
alleadging
the
cause
of
the
rising
to
be
,
for
that
the
riuer
(
say
they
)
proceedeth
from
the
Oeean
sea
,
which
enuironeth
the
whole
globe
and
circle
of
the
earth
.
The
third
opinion
being
more
caulme
and
modest
then
the
rest
,
is
also
more
false
and
unlikely
then
them
both
,
affirming
,
that
the
increase
and
augmentation
of
Nilus
commes
of
the
snowe
waters
molten
and
thawed
in
those
regions
,
carying
with
it
so
much
the
lesse
credit
and
authority
,
by
how
much
the
more
it
is
euident
that
the
riuer
comming
from
Africa
through
the
middest
of
Aethiopia
,
runnes
continually
from
the
hotter
countreys
to
the
colder
,
beeing
in
no
wise
probable
,
or
any
thing
likely
that
the
waxing
of
the
waters
should
proceede
of
snowe
.
Many
sound
proofes
may
be
brought
to
the
weakening
of
this
cause
,
whereby
we
may
gesse
how
grossely
they
erre
whiche
thinke
so
greate
a
streame
to
be
increased
by
snowe
.
What
greater
reason
may
be
found
to
the
contrary
,
then
that
the
windes
blowing
from
those
countreys
are
very
warme
by
nature
.
Moreouer
,
the
lande
it selfe
is
continually
voyde
of
rayne
and
yee
,
being
most
necessary
that
within
fiue
dayes
after
the
fall
of
snowe
there
should
●ome
rayne
,
where
by
it
commeth
Aegypt
,
it
must
also
of
necessity
rayne
.
The
same
is
confirmed
and
established
by
the
blacknesse
and
swartnesse
of
the
people
,
couloured
by
the
vehement
heate
and
scorching
of
the
sume
:
likewise
by
the
swalowes
and
kytes
which
continually
keepe
in
those
coastes
:
lastly
by
the
flight
of
the
cranes
toward
the
comming
of
winter
,
which
are
alwayes
wont
to
flye
out
of
Scythia
and
the
cold
regions
to
these
places
,
where
all
the
winter
season
they
make
theyr
abode
.
Were
it
then
that
neuer
so
little
snow
could
fall
in
those
countreys
by
the
which
Nilus
hath
his
course
,
and
from
which
he
stretcheth
his
head
and
beginning
,
it
were
not
possible
for
any
of
these
things
to
happen
which
experience
prooueth
to
be
true
.
They
which
talke
of
Oceanus
,
grounding
their
iudgement
vppon
a
meere
fable
,
want
reason
to
prooue
it
.
For
I
Africa
,
and
in
these
fewe
wordes
is
conteyned
the
whole
cause
.
For
the
sunne
the
neerer
he
maketh
his
approch
to
any
region
,
the
more
he
drinketh
vp
the
moysture
thereof
,
and
causeth
the
riuers
and
brookes
of
the
same
countrey
to
runne
very
lowe
.
But
to
speake
at
large
,
and
lay
open
the
cause
in
more
ample
wyse
,
thus
the
case
standeth
.
The
bringer
to
passe
and
worker
heereof
is
the
sunne
,
beeing
caryed
ouer
the
hygh
countreys
of
Africa
:
For
the
spring
time
with
them
beeyng
very
fayre
and
cleare
,
the
land
hote
,
and
the
wyndes
colde
,
the
sunne
passing
ouer
them
workes
the
same
effecte
as
when
it
runneth
in
the
middest
of
heauen
in
sommer
,
forsomuch
as
by
vertue
of
his
beames
gathering
water
vnto
him
,
he
causeth
it
to
ascend
into
the
superiour
regions
,
where
the
windes
receiuing
Nilus
,
into
whome
alone
no
showres
fall
at
any
time
,
is
for
iust
cause
lowest
in
winter
,
and
bighest
in
sommer
,
forasmuch
as
in
sommer
the
sunne
draweth
moysture
equally
out
of
all
riuers
,
but
in
winter
out
of
Nilus
alone
,
this
I
take
to
be
the
cause
of
the
diuers
and
changeable
course
of
the
riuer
.
Heereof
also
I
suppose
to
proceede
the
drynesse
of
the
ayre
in
that
region
,
at
such
time
as
the
sunne
deuideth
his
course
equally
,
so
that
in
the
high
countreys
of
Africke
it
is
alwayes
sommer
:
whereas
if
it
were
possible
for
the
placing
and
situation
of
the
heauens
to
be
altered
,
that
where
North
is
,
there
were
South
,
&
where
South
is
,
North
,
the
sunne
towardes
the
comming
and
approach
of
winter
departing
from
the
middest
of
heauen
,
would
haue
his
passage
in
like
sort
ouer
Europe
,
as
now
it
hath
ouer
Africke
,
and
worke
the
same
effects
(
as
I
iudge
)
in
the
riuer
Ister
,
as
now
it
doth
in
Nilus
.
In
like
maner
,
the
cause
why
Nilus
hath
The
head
and
fountayne
of
Nilus
where
it
is
,
or
from
whence
it
commeth
,
none
of
the
Aegyptians
,
Graecians
,
or
Africans
that
Sais
,
who
seemed
to
me
to
speake
merily
,
saying
,
that
vndoubtedly
he
knewe
the
place
,
describing
the
same
in
this
manner
.
There
be
two
mountaines
(
quoth
he
)
arising
into
sharpe
and
spindled
tops
,
situate
betweene
Syêne
a
city
of
Thebais
,
and
Elephantina
,
the
one
called
Crophi
,
the
other
Mophi
.
from
the
vale
betweene
the
two
hilles
doth
issue
out
the
head
of
the
riuer
Nilus
,
being
of
Meander
,
and
in
length
so
continuing
twelue
scheanes
,
all
which
way
the
ship
of
necessity
must
be
drawne
.
After
this
,
we
shall
arriue
at
a
place
very
smooth
and
caulme
,
wherein
is
standing
an
Iland
incompassed
rounde
by
the
ryuer
,
by
name
Tachampso
.
The
one
halfe
heereof
is
inhabited
by
the
Aegyptians
,
the
other
halfe
by
the
Aethiopians
,
whose
countrey
is
adioyning
to
the
Southside
of
the
Ile
.
Not
farre
from
the
Iland
is
a
poole
of
woonderfull
and
incredible
bignesse
,
about
the
which
the
Shepheards
of
Aethiopia
haue
their
dwelling
:
whereinto
,
after
we
are
declined
out
of
the
mayne
streame
,
we
shall
come
to
a
riuer
directly
running
into
the
poole
,
where
going
on
shore
,
we
must
take
our
voyage
on
foote
the
space
of
forty
dayes
by
the
waters
side
,
the
riuer
Nilus
it selfe
beeyng
very
full
of
sharpe
rockes
and
craggy
stones
,
by
the
which
it
is
not
possible
for
a
vessell
to
passe
.
Hauing
finished
forty
dayes
iourney
along
the
riuer
,
take
shipping
againe
,
and
passe
by
water
twelue
dayes
voyage
,
till
such
time
as
you
arriue
at
a
great
city
called
Meroe
,
which
is
reputed
for
the
chiefe
and
Bacchus
,
whome
they
reuerence
with
exceeding
zeale
and
deuotion
.
Likewise
to
Iupiter
they
haue
planted
an
oracle
,
by
whose
counsayle
and
voyce
they
rule
their
martiall
affayres
,
making
warre
how
oft
soeuer
,
or
against
whomesoeuer
they
are
mooued
by
the
same
.
From
this
city
Meroe
by
as
many
dayes
trauell
as
yee
take
from
Elephantina
to
the
same
,
you
shall
come
to
a
kind
of
people
named
Automoly
,
which
is
to
say
,
traytours
or
runnagates
,
the
same
also
in
like
manner
being
called
Asmach
,
which
emporteth
in
the
greeke
tongue
such
as
stande
and
attende
at
the
Kings
left
hand
.
These
men
being
whilome
souldyers
in
Aegypt
to
the
number
of
eyght
thousand
and
two
hundred
,
they
reuolted
from
their
owne
countreymen
,
and
fled
ouer
to
the
Aethiopians
for
this
occasion
.
Being
in
the
time
of
King
Psammetichus
Elephantina
,
and
Daplinae
Pelusiae
,
against
the
Aethiopians
,
other
against
the
Arabians
and
Syrians
,
and
thirdly
at
Marea
against
the
Africans
(
in
which
places
agreeably
to
the
order
and
institution
of
Psammetichus
,
the
Persian
garrisons
also
did
lie
in
munition
)
hauing
continued
the
space
of
three
yeares
in
perpetuall
gard
and
defence
of
the
lande
,
without
shift
or
release
,
they
fell
to
agreement
amongst
themselues
to
leaue
their
King
and
countrey
,
and
flye
into
Aethiopia
:
which
their
intente
Psammetichus
hearing
,
made
after
them
incontinently
,
and
hauing
ouertaken
the
army
,
humbly
besought
them
with
many
teares
,
not
to
forsake
by
suche
vnkind
and
vnnaturall
wise
their
wiues
,
children
,
and
countrey
gods
,
vnto
whose
plaint
and
intreaty
,
a
rude
roystrell
in
the
company
shewing
his
priuy
members
,
made
this
aunswere
,
wheresoeuer
(
quoth
he
)
these
be
,
there
will
I
finde
both
wyfe
Aethiopia
,
and
had
offered
themselues
vnto
the
King
of
the
soyle
,
they
were
by
him
rewarded
on
this
manner
.
Certayne
of
the
Aethiopians
that
were
scarsely
sound
harted
to
the
King
,
were
depriued
by
him
of
all
their
lands
and
possessions
,
which
he
franckly
gaue
and
bestowed
on
the
Aegyptians
.
By
meanes
of
these
,
the
people
of
Aethiopia
were
brought
from
a
rude
and
barbarous
kind
of
demeanour
,
to
farre
more
ciuill
and
manlike
behauiour
,
being
instructed
and
taught
in
the
maners
and
customes
of
the
Aegyptians
.
Thus
the
riuer
Nilus
is
founde
still
to
continue
the
space
of
foure
monethes
iourney
by
lande
and
water
(
lesse
then
in
which
time
it
is
not
possible
for
a
man
to
come
from
Elephantina
to
the
Automolians
)
taking
hys
course
and
streame
from
the
West
part
of
the
world
,
and
falling
Cyraeneans
,
who
fortuning
to
take
a
voyage
to
the
oracle
of
Ammon
,
came
in
talke
with
Etearchus
King
of
the
Ammonians
,
where
by
course
of
speache
,
they
fell
at
length
to
discourse
and
common
of
Nilus
,
the
head
whereof
was
vnsearchable
,
and
not
to
be
knowne
.
In
which
place
Etearchus
made
mention
of
a
certaine
people
called
Nama●ones
of
the
countrey
of
Afrike
,
inhabiting
the
quicksands
,
and
all
the
coast
that
lyeth
to
the
east
.
Certayne
of
these
men
comming
to
the
court
of
Etearchus
,
and
reporting
dyuers
strange
and
wonderfull
things
of
the
deserts
and
wild
chases
of
Africa
,
they
chaunced
at
length
to
tell
of
certayne
yong
Gentlemen
of
theyr
countrey
,
issued
of
the
chiefe
and
most
noble
families
of
all
their
nation
,
who
beeing
at
a
reasonable
Africa
,
to
the
ende
they
might
see
more
,
and
make
further
report
thereof
then
euer
any
that
had
attempted
the
same
.
For
the
sea
coast
of
Africa
poynting
to
the
North
pole
,
many
nations
do
inhabite
,
beginning
from
Aegypt
,
and
continuing
to
the
promontory
named
Soloes
,
wherein
Africa
hath
his
end
and
bound
.
All
the
places
aboue
the
sea
are
haunted
with
wilde
and
sauage
beastes
,
beeing
altogether
voyde
and
desolate
,
pestered
with
sand
,
and
exceeding
drye
.
These
gentlementrauellers
hauing
made
sufficient
prouision
of
water
,
and
other
vyands
necessary
for
theyr
iourney
,
first
of
all
passed
the
countreys
that
were
inhabited
:
and
next
after
that
,
came
into
the
wylde
and
waste
regions
amongst
the
caues
and
dennes
of
fierce
and
vntamed
beastes
,
through
which
they
helde
on
theyr
way
to
the
west
parte
of
the
earth
.
In
which
manner
,
after
they
had
continued
many
dayes
iourney
,
and
trauelled
ouer
a
great
part
of
the
sandy
countreys
,
they
came
at
length
to
espy
certayne
fayre
and
goodly
trees
,
growing
in
a
fresh
and
pleasaunt
medowe
,
wherevnto
incontinently
making
repayre
,
and
tasting
the
fruite
that
grewe
thereon
,
they
were
suddenly
surprised
and
taken
short
by
a
company
of
little
dwarfes
,
farre
vnder
the
common
pitch
and
stature
of
men
,
whose
tongue
the
gentlemen
knew
not
,
neither
was
their
speache
vnderstoode
of
them
.
Being
apprehended
,
they
were
lead
away
ouer
sundry
pooles
and
meares
into
a
city
,
where
all
the
inhabitauntes
were
of
the
same
stature
and
degree
with
those
that
had
taken
them
,
and
of
colour
swart
and
blacke
.
Fast
by
the
side
of
thys
city
ranne
a
swift
and
violent
riuer
,
flowing
from
the
Weast
to
the
East
,
wherein
were
to
be
seene
very
hydeous
and
terrible
serpents
called
Crocodyles
.
To
this
ende
drew
the
talke
of
Etearchus
King
of
the
Ammonians
,
saue
that
he
added
besides
how
the
Namasonian
gentlemen
returned
home
to
theyr
owne
countrey
(
as
the
Cyraeneans
made
recount
)
and
how
the
people
also
of
the
city
whether
they
were
broughte
,
were
all
coniurers
,
and
geuen
to
the
study
of
the
blacke
arte
.
The
floud
Nilus
,
euen
as
also
reason
it selfe
giueth
it
to
be
.
For
it
floweth
from
Africa
,
and
hath
a
iust
and
direct
cut
through
the
middest
of
the
same
,
following
(
as
it
should
seeme
)
a
very
like
and
semblable
course
vnto
the
riuer
●ster
.
Ister
beginning
at
the
people
of
the
Celts
,
and
the
city
Pyrene
(
the
Celts
keepe
without
the
pillers
of
Hercules
,
being
neere
neighbours
to
the
Cynesians
,
and
the
last
and
vtmost
Europe
)
deuideth
Europe
in
the
middest
,
and
scouring
through
the
coast
,
it
is
helde
by
the
Istryans
(
people
so
named
and
comming
of
the
Milesians
)
it
lastly
floweth
into
the
sea
.
Notwithstanding
Ister
is
well
knowne
of
many
,
for
that
it
hath
a
perpetuall
course
through
countreys
that
are
inhabited
,
but
where
or
in
what
parte
of
the
earth
Nilus
hath
his
spring
,
no
man
can
tell
,
forsomuch
as
Africa
from
whence
it
commeth
,
is
voyde
,
desert
,
and
vnfurnished
of
people
,
the
streame
and
course
whereof
,
as
farre
as
lyeth
in
the
knowledge
of
men
,
we
haue
set
downe
&
declared
,
that
end
of
the
riuer
being
in
Aegypt
where
it
breaketh
into
the
sea
.
Aegypt
is
welny
opposite
&
directly
set
against
the
mountaines
of
Cilicia
,
from
whence
to
Synopis
standing
in
the
Euxine
sea
,
is
fiue
daies
iourney
for
a
good
footeman
,
by
straight
&
euen
way
.
The
Ile
Synopis
lyeth
iust
against
the
riuer
Ister
,
where
it
beareth
into
the
sea
,
so
that
Nilus
running
through
all
the
coast
of
Africa
,
may
in
some
manner
be
compared
to
the
riuer
Ister
,
howbeit
,
as
touching
the
floud
Nilus
be
it
hither
to
spoken
.
Let
vs
yet
proceede
to
speake
further
of
Aegypt
,
both
for
that
the
countrey
it selfe
hath
more
strange
wonders
then
any
nation
In
this
countrey
the
women
followe
the
trade
of
merchandize
in
buying
and
selling
:
also
victualing
and
all
kinde
of
sale
and
chapmandry
,
whereas
contrarywyse
the
men
remayne
at
Aegypt
,
where
In
this
countrey
also
the
manner
is
to
circum●ise
and
cut
round
about
the
skinne
from
their
priuy
parts
,
which
none
other
vse
,
except
those
that
haue
taken
letter
,
and
learned
the
custome
from
the
Aegyptians
.
The
men
go
in
two
garments
,
the
women
in
one
,
stitching
to
the
inside
of
the
vesture
a
tape
or
caddese
to
gird
their
appare
.
I
close
to
them
,
which
the
people
of
other
regions
are
wont
to
weare
outwardly
.
The
Graecians
in
writing
and
casting
account
,
frame
their
letters
,
and
Graecians
,
saying
,
that
themselues
do
all
things
to
the
right
hand
,
which
is
well
and
honestly
,
but
the
Graekes
to
the
left
,
which
is
peruersely
and
vntowardly
.
Furthermore
,
they
vse
in
writing
two
kind
of
charecters
or
letters
,
some
of
the
which
they
call
holy
and
diuine
,
Epaphus
,
whereof
if
they
be
in
minde
to
sacrifice
any
,
they
searche
and
trie
hym
whether
he
be
cleane
or
no
after
this
manner
.
If
in
all
hys
skinne
there
appeare
any
one
blacke
hayre
,
they
by
and
by
Greece
.
Such
of
the
Aegyptians
as
haue
no
place
of
sale
or
vse
of
Merchaundise
with
the
Graecians
,
cast
both
head
and
hyde
into
the
riuer
Nilus
.
In
curssing
the
head
of
the
slaine
beast
they
vse
this
manner
of
imprecation
,
that
if
any
euill
or
misfortune
be
to
happen
either
to
those
which
do
the
sacrifice
,
or
to
the
whole
realme
and
dominion
of
Aegypt
,
it
would
please
the
gods
to
turne
all
vpon
that
head
.
The
like
vse
and
custome
about
the
heads
of
such
cattel
as
are
killed
in
sacrifice
,
and
in
time
of
offering
for
the
priest
to
drinke
wine
,
is
in
all
places
alike
throughout
all
the
churches
of
Aegypt
,
in
so
much
,
that
it
is
growne
into
a
fashion
in
all
the
whole
land
,
that
no
Aegyptian
will
taste
of
the
head
of
beastes
sacrificed
.
Howbeit
,
there
is
choyse
and
diuersity
of
sacrifice
with
them
,
neyther
is
the
same
manner
and
forme
of
oblation
kept
and
obserued
in
euery
place
.
Now
we
will
shew
and
declare
which
of
all
the
goddesses
they
chiefly
honour
,
and
in
whose
name
they
solemnize
and
celebrate
the
greatest
feast
.
Hauing
therefore
most
deuoutely
spent
the
eue
or
day
before
the
feast
in
solemne
fasting
and
prayer
,
they
sacrifice
an
Oxe
,
whose
hyde
incontinently
they
pull
off
and
take
out
his
entrayles
,
suffering
the
leafe
and
fat
to
remayne
within
him
.
After
that
,
they
hewe
off
the
shanke
bones
,
with
the
lower
part
of
the
loyne
and
shoulders
,
likewise
the
head
and
the
necke
,
which
done
,
they
farce
and
stuffe
the
body
with
halowed
bread
,
hony
,
raysons
,
figges
,
franckincense
,
myrrhe
,
and
other
precious
odours
.
These
things
accomplished
they
offer
him
vp
in
sacrifice
,
pouring
into
him
much
wine
&
oyle
,
and
abiding
still
fasting
,
vntill
such
time
as
the
offering
be
finished
.
In
the
meane
space
while
the
sacrifice
is
burning
,
they
beate
and
torment
themselues
with
many
stripes
,
whereby
to
satisfy
and
appease
the
wrath
and
displeasure
of
the
gods
.
Hauing
left
off
on
this
manner
to
afflict
and
crucifie
their
flesh
,
the
residue
of
the
sacrifice
is
set
before
them
,
where
with
they
feast
and
refreshe
their
hunger
.
It
is
a
custome
receyuen
throughout
all
the
region
,
to
offer
bullocks
and
calues
of
the
malekinde
,
if
in
case
they
be
found
immaculate
and
pure
,
according
to
the
forme
of
their
lawe
:
howveit
,
from
kine
and
heiffers
,
they
absteyne
Graecian
,
or
so
muche
as
vse
hys
knife
to
cut
any
thing
,
his
spit
to
rost
,
his
pot
to
voyle
,
or
any
other
thing
belonging
to
them
,
disdayning
and
loathing
the
very
meate
that
hath
bin
cut
with
a
Graecians
knife
,
for
somuch
as
in
Greece
they
feede
of
all
neate
indifferently
both
male
and
feamale
.
If
an
oxe
or
cowe
chaunce
to
die
,
they
bury
them
Delta
,
being
in
compasse
nine
scheanes
,
which
is
63.
miles
.
In
this
Iland
are
planted
many
cities
,
one
of
the
which
continually
furnisheth
and
sends
foorth
the
aforesaid
ship
,
hauing
to
name
Atarbeehis
,
wherein
standeth
a
faire
and
goodly
temple
dedicated
to
Venus
.
From
this
city
Atarbechis
,
many
people
are
woont
to
stray
and
wander
into
other
townes
of
Aegypt
.
The
ship
comming
to
land
at
euery
city
,
takes
vp
the
bones
of
the
dead
oxen
,
and
caries
them
all
to
one
place
where
they
are
buryed
together
.
The
law
also
commaundeth
the
selfesame
manner
to
be
kept
and
obserued
in
the
sepulture
and
burying
of
other
cattell
that
dye
in
the
land
,
from
the
slaughter
of
the
which
generally
the
Aegyptians
absteyne
.
Neuerthelesse
,
such
as
abiding
in
the
prouince
of
Thebes
in
the
temple
of
Iupiter
Thebanus
,
are
inuested
with
the
orders
of
priesthoode
,
vse
the
same
abstinence
from
sheepe
,
and
slayne
goates
vpon
the
aultars
of
the
gods
,
for
in
Aegypt
the
same
gods
haue
not
the
same
kinde
of
diuine
honour
in
euery
place
and
with
euery
people
,
sauing
Isis
and
Osyris
,
the
one
a
goddesse
,
the
other
a
god
,
which
are
of
all
men
worshipped
alyke
.
This
Osyris
is
of
the
Aegyptians
thought
to
be
Bacchus
,
albeit
for
some
respect
they
name
him
otherwise
.
Contrary
to
these
,
such
as
are
belonging
to
the
pallace
of
Mendes
,
and
are
conteyned
within
the
precinct
and
limits
of
that
sheere
,
withholde
themselues
from
goates
,
and
make
sacrifice
of
sheepe
.
Iupiter
,
made
him
to
haue
a
rammes
head
,
of
whome
,
the
Ammonians
tooke
that
custome
,
whych
are
an
offpring
and
braunch
growne
from
two
sundry
nations
the
Aegyptians
and
Aethiopians
,
as
well
may
be
seene
by
their
language
which
is
a
medley
of
both
tongues
:
who
seeme
for
this
cause
to
haue
named
themselues
Ammonians
,
for
that
they
Ammon
.
In
this
respecte
the
Thebanes
absteyne
from
the
bloud
of
rammes
and
sheepe
,
esteeming
them
as
holy
and
diuine
creatures
.
Howbeit
,
one
day
in
the
yeare
which
they
keepe
festiuall
to
Iupiter
they
kill
a
ramme
,
and
taking
off
the
skynne
,
they
couer
therewith
the
image
,
wherevnto
incontinent
they
bring
the
picture
of
Hercules
,
after
which
,
they
beate
the
naked
flesh
of
the
ramme
for
a
good
season
.
The
sacrifice
being
in
this
sort
accomplished
,
they
bury
the
body
in
a
religious
and
halowed
vessell
.
This
Hercules
they
recken
in
the
number
of
the
twelue
gods
,
as
for
the
other
Hercules
of
whome
the
Graecians
make
mention
,
the
Aegyptians
are
altogether
vnacquainted
with
him
,
neyther
do
they
seeme
at
any
time
to
haue
heard
of
him
.
This
name
I
suppose
to
haue
come
first
from
Aegypt
into
Graece
,
and
to
haue
bene
borrowed
of
them
,
howsoeuer
the
Graecians
dissemble
the
matter
,
to
make
Hercules
,
Amphytrio
and
Alomaeea
are
by
countrey
and
lynage
Aegyptians
.
Likewise
in
Aegypt
,
the
name
of
Neptune
,
and
the
gods
called
Dioseuri
,
was
very
straunge
,
and
vnheard
of
,
neyther
would
they
be
brought
by
any
meanes
to
repute
them
in
the
fellowship
and
company
of
the
gods
.
And
it
in
case
they
had
taken
the
name
of
any
god
from
the
Graecians
,
it
is
very
credible
that
as
well
as
of
the
rest
,
nay
aboue
the
rest
,
they
would
haue
made
chose
of
Neptune
and
the
other
,
were
it
that
at
those
dayes
trade
of
merchandise
,
and
voyaging
by
sea
were
vsed
eyther
by
them
into
Graece
,
or
by
the
Graecians
into
Aegypt
,
which
I
suppose
and
thinke
to
haue
bene
.
It
is
therefore
most
sounding
and
agreeable
to
truth
,
that
if
any
thing
had
bene
borrowed
by
them
,
the
name
of
Neptune
rather
then
Hercules
had
crept
into
their
manners
and
religion
.
Besides
this
,
the
god
head
and
name
also
of
Hercules
is
of
greate
coutinuance
and
antiquity
in
Aegypt
,
insomuch
that
(
by
their
saying
)
17000.
Amasis
,
in
tyme
of
whose
gouernaunce
,
the
number
of
the
gods
was
increased
from
eight
to
twelue
,
whereof
Hercules
was
then
one
.
Heere
in
not
contented
with
a
slippery
knowledge
,
but
mooued
with
desire
to
learne
the
truth
,
I
came
in
question
with
many
aboute
the
same
cause
,
&
tooke
shipping
also
to
Tyrus
a
city
of
Phoenicia
,
where
I
had
heard
say
that
the
temple
of
Hercules
was
founded
.
Being
landed
at
Tyrus
,
I
beheld
the
pallace
beautified
and
adorned
with
gifts
of
inestimable
price
,
and
amongst
these
,
two
crosses
,
one
of
tried
&
molten
gold
,
another
framed
of
the
precious
gemme
Smaragdus
,
whiche
in
the
night
season
sent
foorth
very
bright
&
shining
beames
,
forthwith
falling
into
parle
with
the
chap●●ines
&
priests
of
the
temple
,
I
demaunded
them
during
what
space
the
chappell
had
stoode
,
and
how
long
since
it
was
built
;
whose
talke
and
discourse
in
nothing
agreed
with
the
Graecians
affirming
,
that
the
temple
tooke
his
beginning
with
the
city
,
from
the
first
foundation
&
groundley
whereof
,
two
thousand
and
three
hundred
yeares
are
exspired
.
I
saw
also
in
Tyrus
another
temple
vowed
to
Hercules
sumamed
Thesius
.
In
like
sort
;
I
made
a
iorney
to
Thasus
,
where
I
light
vpon
a
chappell
erected
by
the
Phaenicians
,
who
enterprising
a
voyage
by
sea
to
the
knowledge
and
discouery
of
Europe
,
built
and
founded
Thasus
,
fiue
mens
ages
before
the
name
of
Hercules
was
knowne
in
Greece
.
These
testimonies
doplainely
prooue
that
Hercules
is
an
auncient
god
and
of
long
durance
.
For
whiche
cause
amongst
all
the
people
of
Greece
they
seeme
to
haue
taken
the
best
course
,
that
honour
Hercules
by
two
sundry
temples
,
to
one
they
shew
reuerence
as
to
an
immortall
Hercules
Olympius
,
to
another
,
as
to
a
chiefe
peere
,
and
most
excellente
person
amongst
men
.
Many
other
things
are
noysed
by
the
Graecians
,
albeit
very
rashly
and
of
slender
ground
:
whose
fond
and
vndiscret
tale
it
is
,
that
Hercules
comming
into
Aegypt
,
was
taken
by
the
Aegyptians
,
and
crowned
with
a
garland
,
who
were
in
full
mind
to
haue
made
him
a
sacrifice
to
Iupiter
.
Vnto
whose
aultare
being
lead
with
greate
pompe
and
celerity
,
he
remayned
very
meeke
and
tractable
,
vntill
such
time
as
the
priest
made
an
offerto
slay
him
,
at
what
time
recalling
his
spirits
,
and
laying
about
him
with
manfull
courage
,
he
made
a
great
slaughter
of
all
such
as
were
present
&
stroue
against
him
.
By
which
theyr
fabulous
&
incredible
narration
they
flatly
argue
,
how
ignoraunt
and
vnaquaynted
they
be
with
the
maners
of
Aegypt
,
for
vnto
whome
it
is
not
lawfull
to
make
oblation
of
any
brute
beast
,
but
of
swine
,
oxen
,
calues
and
geese
:
couldethey
so
farre
stray
from
duty
and
feare
of
the
gods
,
〈◊〉
to
stayne
and
blemish
their
aultars
with
the
bloud
of
men
:
Agayne
,
Hercules
being
alone
in
the
hands
of
so
many
Aegyptians
,
can
it
stande
wyth
any
credence
or
lykelyhoode
that
of
hymselfe
he
should
be
able
to
slay
so
greate
a
multitude
:
But
let
vs
leaue
these
fables
,
and
proceede
forwarde
to
the
truth
,
Such
therefore
of
thys
Mendesians
)
lay
for
theyr
ground
,
that
Pan
was
in
the
number
of
the
eyght
gods
which
were
of
greater
standing
and
antiguitie
then
the
twelue
.
The
forme
and
image
of
the
god
Pan
,
both
the
paynters
and
ca●uers
in
Aegypt
franie
to
the
same
similitude
and
resemblance
as
the
Graecians
haue
expressed
and
set
him
foorth
by
,
making
him
to
haue
the
head
and
shankes
of
a
goate
,
not
that
they
thinke
him
to
be
so
,
but
rather
like
the
other
gods
.
Notwithstanding
the
cause
whereby
they
are
mooued
to
portray
and
shadow
him
in
such
sort
,
is
no
greate
and
handsome
tale
to
tell
,
&
therfore
we
are
willing
to
omit
it
by
silence
,
sufficeth
it
that
we
knowe
how
as
well
bucke
as
dooe
goates
are
no
pety
saincts
in
this
countrey
,
in
somuch
that
with
the
Mendesians
goateheards
are
exalted
aboue
the
common
sorte
,
and
much
more
set
by
then
any
other
degree
of
men
,
of
which
company
,
some
one
is
alwayes
of
chiefe
estimation
,
at
whose
death
,
all
the
quarter
of
Mendesia
is
in
great
sorrow
and
heauines
,
whereof
it
commeth
,
that
as
well
the
god
Pan
himselfe
,
as
euery
male-goate
is
called
in
the
Aegyptian
speach
Mendes
.
In
these
parts
of
Aegypt
it
hapned
that
a
goate
of
the
malekinde
in
open
sight
closed
with
a
woman
,
whiche
became
very
famous
and
memorable
throughout
all
the
countrey
.
An
hogge
Bacchus
,
in
the
which
towarde
supper
they
sticke
a
swyne
before
the
threshold
or
entry
of
their
dwelling
places
,
after
which
,
they
make
restitution
thereof
to
the
swinehearde
agayne
of
whom
they
bought
it
.
In
all
other
pointes
pertayning
to
thys
feast
,
so
like
the
Graecians
as
may
be
,
sauing
that
they
square
Phallum
,
wrought
and
carued
of
figtree
,
in
stead
whereof
,
the
Aegyptians
haue
deuised
small
images
of
two
cubites
long
,
whiche
by
meanes
of
certayne
strings
and
coardes
they
cause
to
mooue
and
stirre
as
if
they
had
sence
and
were
liuing
.
The
cariage
of
these
pictures
is
committed
to
certayne
women
that
beare
them
too
and
fro
through
the
streetes
,
making
the
yard
of
the
image
(
which
is
as
bigge
as
all
the
bodye
besides
)
to
daunce
and
play
in
abhominable
wise
.
Fast
before
these
marcheth
a
piper
,
at
whose
heeles
the
women
followe
incontinent
with
sundry
psalmes
&
sonets
to
the
god
Bacchus
.
For
what
cause
that
one
member
of
the
picture
is
made
too
big
for
the
proportion
&
frame
of
the
body
,
and
also
why
,
that
,
only
of
all
the
body
is
made
to
mooue
,
as
they
refused
to
tell
for
religion
,
Aegypt
,
in
the
whiche
he
was
very
skilfull
&
cunning
.
By
whom
the
Greekes
were
first
instructed
in
the
due
order
and
celebration
of
Bacchus
feast
(
whome
they
worshipped
by
the
name
of
Dionysius
)
&
in
many
other
ceremonies
and
religious
obseruations
pertayning
to
the
same
.
Notwithstanding
something
wanted
in
this
description
,
which
was
after
added
,
and
in
more
perfect
and
absolute
manner
set
downe
by
certayne
graue
and
wise
men
called
▪
Philosophers
,
which
liued
in
the
secondage
after
him
.
Most
euident
it
is
that
the
picture
of
Phalli
〈…〉
worne
of
the
Graecians
in
the
feast
of
Bacc●●s
;
was
found
out
and
deuised
by
him
,
whose
discipline
in
this
point
the
Graecians
obserue
at
this
day
.
This
Melampus
was
〈◊〉
of
rare
wisedome
,
well
seene
in
the
art
of
diuination
and
southsaying
,
the
author
and
first
founder
to
the
Graecians
as
well
of
other
things
which
he
had
learned
in
Aegypt
,
as
also
of
such
statutes
and
obseruances
as
belong
to
the
feast
of
D●onysius
,
only
a
few
things
altered
which
he
thought
to
amend
.
For
why
,
to
thinke
that
the
Graecians
and
Aegyptians
fell
into
the
same
forme
of
diuine
worship
by
ha●
hazard
or
plaine
chaunce
,
it
might
seeme
a
very
hard
and
vnreasonable
gesse
,
si●●ence
it
is
manifest
that
the
Greekes
both
vse
the
selfe●ame
custome
,
and
more
then
that
,
they
kept
it
of
olde
.
Much
lesse
can
I
be
brought
to
say
,
that
either
his
fashion
or
any
other
hath
bene
translated
and
deriued
from
Greece
into
Aegypt
I
rather
iudge
that
Melampus
comming
from
Phaenicia
into
Beo●ia
,
accompanyed
with
Cadmus
and
some
other
of
the
Tyrians
,
was
by
them
made
acquaynted
with
all
such
rites
and
ceremonies
as
in
the
honour
of
Dionysius
are
vsed
by
the
Greekes
.
True
it
is
,
that
the
names
by
which
the
gods
are
vsually
called
,
are
borrowed
and
drawne
from
the
Aegyptians
,
for
hearing
them
too
be
taken
from
the
Barbarians
as
the
chiefe
inuenters
and
deuisers
of
the
same
,
I
haue
found
not
only
that
to
be
true
,
but
also
that
for
the
most
parte
they
are
brought
out
of
Aegypt
.
For
setting
aside
Neptune
and
the
gods
called
〈◊〉
(
as
before
is
declared
)
lun●
,
Venus
,
Th
〈…〉
is
,
the
Graces
,
the
Nymphes
Nereides
,
all
the
names
of
the
gods
and
goddesses
haue
bene
euermore
knowne
and
vsurped
in
Aegypt
.
I
speake
no
more
then
the
Aegyptians
testify
,
which
a●ouch
sincerely
that
neyther
Neptune
nor
the
gods
Dioscuri
were
euer
heard
of
in
their
land
.
These
names
I
iudge
to
haue
bene
deuised
by
the
Pelasgians
,
except
Neptune
,
whose
name
I
suppose
to
be
taken
from
the
people
of
Africa
,
for
somuch
as
from
the
beginning
no
nation
on
the
earth
but
only
the
Africanes
vsed
that
name
,
amongst
whome
,
Neptune
hath
alwayes
bene
reuerenced
with
celestiall
and
diuine
honours
,
whome
the
Aegyptians
also
denie
not
to
be
,
albeit
they
shewe
and
exhibite
no
kinde
of
diuine
honour
towardes
him
.
These
and
suche
like
customes
(
which
we
purpose
to
declare
)
haue
the
Greekes
borrowed
of
the
Aegyptians
:
neuerthelesse
,
the
image
of
Mercury
,
who
is
framed
with
the
secret
member
porrect
Pelasgians
,
then
from
the
vsuall
and
accustomed
wont
of
Aegypt
,
and
principally
to
haue
growne
in
vse
wyth
the
Athenians
,
whose
fact
consequently
became
a
paterne
and
example
to
the
rest
of
the
Graecians
.
For
the
selfe
same
soyle
was
ioyntly
held
and
inhabited
both
of
the
Athenians
(
which
were
of
the
right
lignage
of
Hellen
)
and
likewise
of
the
Pelasgians
,
who
for
the
same
cause
began
to
be
reckoned
for
Graecians
.
Which
things
are
nothing
maruaylous
to
those
that
are
Cabiri
,
which
diuine
ceremonies
are
now
fresh
in
Samothracia
,
and
were
taken
and
receyued
from
the
Pelasgians
.
The
cause
is
,
that
those
Pelasgians
whome
we
said
before
to
haue
had
all
one
territorie
with
the
Athenians
,
dwelt
sometime
also
in
Samothracia
,
by
whome
the
people
of
that
soyle
were
taught
and
indoctrined
in
the
ceremonies
appertinent
to
Bacchus
.
First
therefore
the
people
of
Athens
following
the
steps
of
the
Pelasgians
,
caused
the
picture
of
Mercury
to
be
carued
in
suche
sorte
as
we
haue
heard
.
For
authority
&
proofe
why
the
image
should
be
thus
framed
,
the
men
of
Pelasgos
recited
a
mysterie
out
of
holy
bookes
,
which
is
yet
kept
and
conserued
in
the
religious
monuments
of
Samothracia
.
The
selfe●ame
in
prayer
and
inuocation
to
the
heauenlye
powers
,
made
abla●ion
of
all
creatures
indifferentlye
,
and
wythout
respect
(
whyche
I
came
to
knowe
at
Dodona
)
geuing
no
names
at
all
to
the
gods
,
as
beeyng
flatly
ignoraunte
howe
to
call
them
.
Generally
they
named
them
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
gods
,
in
that
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
that
is
,
they
disposed
and
placed
in
order
all
the
countreyes
and
regions
on
earth
.
In
tract
of
tyme
,
the
names
and
appellations
of
the
powers
diuine
vsed
in
Aegypt
,
grew
also
in
knowledge
with
the
Greekes
:
●nsuing
which
,
the
name
also
of
Dionysius
,
otherwise
called
Bacchus
,
came
to
light
,
albeit
,
long
after
that
time
and
in
later
dayes
.
A
small
time
exspired
,
the
Greekes
counsayled
with
the
oracle
in
Dodona
to
the
same
ende
and
purpose
.
This
●hayre
of
prophecy
Greece
,
whether
the
Pelasgians
repayring
,
demaunded
the
oracle
if
the
surnames
of
the
gods
receiued
and
taken
from
the
Barbarians
,
might
be
lawfully
frequented
in
Greece
:
whereto
aunswere
was
geuen
,
that
they
shoulde
be
reteined
:
for
whyche
cause
,
yeelding
sacrifice
to
the
gods
,
such
names
were
helde
by
the
men
of
Pelasgos
,
and
lastly
obserued
of
the
Graecians
.
Howbeit
,
Now
for
this
of
Hesiode
and
Homer
to
be
no
other
wyse
then
is
said
,
I
pawne
mine
owne
credit
.
Furthermore
,
of
the
oracles
in
Africke
and
Greece
the
Aegyptians
bla●e
this
rumor
,
and
principally
such
as
are
employed
in
the
seruice
and
ministerie
of
Iupiter
Thebanus
:
by
whome
it
is
sayde
,
that
certaine
men
of
the
Phaenicians
comming
to
Thebes
;
state
priuily
from
Iupiter
,
one
of
the
which
they
sold
in
Lybia
,
the
other
in
Greece
,
by
whose
meanes
and
aduise
it
came
to
passe
,
that
in
each
countrey
the
people
created
an
oracle
.
Heereat
somewhat
abashed
,
and
requesting
earnestly
how
and
in
what
manner
they
came
to
knowe
this
,
they
made
we
aunswere
,
that
leauing
no
corner
vnsearched
whereby
to
come
to
knowledge
of
their
women
,
and
not
able
to
finde
how
they
were
bestowed
,
newes
was
brought
at
length
of
their
plight
and
condition
.
Thus
farre
was
I
certified
by
the
Thebane
prelates
,
wherevnto
I
deeme
it
conuenient
to
adde
such
things
as
were
notified
vnto
mee
at
Dodona
by
the
priests
there
,
who
vndoubtedly
affyrme
how
in
Aegypt
,
scouring
with
swift
course
through
the
sky
,
one
of
the
which
fortuned
to
light
in
Africa
,
the
other
in
that
part
of
Greece
where
Dodona
is
now
situate
,
where
pointing
vpon
a
mighty
●all
beech
,
she
was
heard
to
speake
in
a
voice
humane
,
like
vnto
a
man
,
warning
the
people
to
erect
an
oracle
or
seate
of
diuination
in
that
place
,
being
so
thought
good
,
and
prouided
by
the
destinies
.
Whiche
admonition
the
people
taking
(
as
well
they
might
)
to
come
by
the
instince
and
motion
of
the
gods
,
did
as
they
were
commaunded
by
the
done
.
In
like
manner
it
fell
out
that
in
Lybia
the
people
were
stirred
vp
and
in●ensed
by
the
other
done
to
the
planting
and
erection
of
a
seate
propheticall
,
named
the
oracle
of
Ammon
,
being
also
confecrate
to
the
name
of
Iupiter
.
These
things
we
receiued
of
the
credite
and
authoritie
of
the
Dodoneans
,
confirmed
:
and
established
by
the
generall
consentē
of
those
that
had
the
●ase
and
charge
of
the
temple
.
Of
these
women
priests
resident
in
the
temple
of
Dodona
,
the
eldest
&
most
auncient
had
to
name
Promenca
,
the
second
Timareta
,
the
third
and
yougest
Nicandra
.
Neuerthelesse
of
these
matters
such
is
my
iudgement
.
If
any
such
religions
and
holy
women
were
by
stealth
of
the
Phenicians
transported
and
caryed
away
into
Lybia
and
Greece
.
I
condecture
that
the
one
of
these
was
sold
at
Thesprotus
,
in
that
parte
of
the
region
which
earst
was
in
the
possession
of
the
Pelasgians
;
and
is
at
this
present
reputed
for
a
portion
of
Hettus
:
where
,
hauing
serued
certayne
yeares
,
in
processe
of
time
she
brought
〈…〉
diuine
ceremonies
of
Iupiter
,
vnder
some
beach
tree
growing
in
shoa●e
coāstes
.
For
what
could
be
more
likely
con●emente
,
then
for
her
to
establish
some
monument
in
the
sacred
honour
of
Iupiter
,
in
whose
seruice
and
religion
she
had
bene
long
time
conuersaunt
at
Thebes
in
Aegypt
Which
her
ordinance
at
length
grewe
into
the
custome
of
an
oracle
.
The
same
beeing
perfect
also
in
the
Greeke
language
,
discouered
vnto
them
in
what
sort
the
Pheni●
an●
had
likewise
made
sale
of
hir
sister
to
the
people
of
Africa
.
The
sacred
and
deuoute
women
of
Dodona
resyaunt
in
the
pallace
of
the
great
god
Iupiter
,
seeme
for
none
other
cause
to
haue
called
these
Aegyptian
pufi●s
two
doues
,
then
for
that
they
were
come
from
harbarous
countreys
,
whose
tongue
and
manner
of
pronouncing
seemed
to
the
Graecians
to
sounde
like
the
voyce
of
bites
.
And
whereas
they
shewe
that
in
time
the
do●e
began
to
vtter
playne
language
,
and
speake
like
men
,
●aught
else
is
meant
heareby
then
that
she
vsed
such
speech
as
they
knew
and
vnderstood
,
being
so
long
esteemed
to
emusate
and
follow
the
noyse
of
birds
as
she
remained
in
her
harbarous
kind
of
speach
and
pronunciation
.
For
how
is
it
credible
that
a
pigeon
in
deede
could
haue
●●urped
the
voice
and
vtteraunce
of
a
man●
and
alleadging
yet
further
that
it
was
a
blarke
do●e
,
they
argued
her
more
playnely
to
haue
bene
a
woman
of
Aegypt
,
the
flower
of
whose
beauty
is
a
fayre
browne
blew
,
●anned
and
burnt
by
the
fyery
beames
of
the
sunne
.
Agayne
,
the
oracles
themselues
,
that
of
Thebes
,
and
this
of
Dodona
,
are
wel●ye
in
all
poyntes
agreeable
.
Thspeake
nothing
of
the
maner
and
order
of
southsaying
in
the
comples
of
Greece
,
whych
any
man
with
halfe
an
eye
may
easily
discerne
to
haue
bene
taken
from
Aegypt
.
Let
it
stand
also
for
an
●●●ent
and
vndoubted
verity
,
that
assemblies
at
festiuals
,
pompes
and
pageants
in
diuine
honour
,
talke
and
communication
with
the
gods
by
Aegypt
,
and
consequently
vsed
in
Greece
.
Which
I
thinke
the
rather
,
for
that
the
one
is
old
and
of
long
continuance
,
the
other
freshe
and
lately
put
in
practise
.
It
is
not
once
in
a
yeare
that
the
Aegyptians
vse
these
solemne
and
religious
meetings
,
but
at
sundry
Bubast
,
in
the
honour
of
Diana
.
Next
after
that
at
Busiris
,
in
the
celebration
of
〈◊〉
feast
,
where
also
standeth
the
most
excellent
and
famous
temple
of
Isis
,
who
in
the
Greeke
tongue
is
called
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
which
is
to
wit
,
Ceres
.
Thirdly
,
an
assembly
is
held
in
the
city
Sars
in
the
prayse
and
reuerence
of
Miner●●
.
Fourthly
,
at
H●liopolis
in
honour
Larona
.
In
the
sixt
and
last
place
no●h●
city
Paps●●is
,
to
the
dignity
&
renowne
of
Mars
.
Moreouer
,
suc●
of
this
people
as
with
encyre
.
B●bastis
,
behaue
and
beare
themselues
on
this
maner
.
Certayne
shippes
being
addressed
,
wherein
infinite
numbers
of
men
and
women
fayle
towards
the
cat●
,
in
the
meane
season
whiles
〈◊〉
▪
be
in
voiage
on
the
water
,
certaine
of
the
women
play
vpon
drums
B●bastis
,
they
honou●
the
fe●●h
day
with
〈◊〉
all
solemnity
,
making
large
●ffring●
to
Diana
,
wherein
is
greater
or
〈◊〉
〈…〉
of
gr●p●
wi●e●
th●●
all
the
yeare
besides
.
To
this
place
by
the
〈◊〉
of
the
countrey
are
want
to
repay
●●7000
〈…〉
en
&
wo
〈…〉
,
〈◊〉
fides
children
,
and
thus
they
passe
the
time
at
Bubastis
.
Now
in
what
maner
they
solemnize
the
sacred
day
of
Isis
at
the
city
▪
Businis
,
we
declared
before
,
where
in
the
〈◊〉
age
is
after
the
deeper
furnance
&
accomplishment
of
the
sacrifice
,
to
whip
&
●to
〈…〉ge
themselues
〈…〉
In
mind
table
wise
,
and
that
not
one
or
〈…〉
many
thousandes
of
●ache
degree
both
men
&
women
▪
●nouor
the
lesse
,
by
what
meanes
,
or
where
with
al
they
beate
&
vexe
their
bodies
in
this
sort
,
I
may
not
disclose
.
Howbeit
such
of
the
people
of
Car●a
as
soiourne
&
make
their
abode
in
Aegypt
.
stricken
with
a
deeper
remorse
of
sinne
,
in
this
point
of
zeale
&
〈◊〉
go
beyond
the
Aegypti●●s
,
in
that
they
hackle
&
slice
their
forehead
with
kniues
&
daggers
:
where
〈…〉
it
is
plainely
〈◊〉
to
vnderstande
that
they
come
of
forreine
nations
,
and
not
of
the
homeborne
&
naturall
people
of
the
land
.
Inlike
manner
meeting
(
as
before
)
at
the
city
Sais
,
there
to
accomplishe
the
rites
and
ceremonies
due
to
the
day
,
at
the
approche
and
neere
poynt
of
the
euening
,
they
furnish
and
beset
their
houses
with
torches
and
lampes
,
which
being
replenished
with
pure
oyle
mingled
with
salte
,
they
giue
Sais
,
but
spread
and
scattered
throughout
the
whole
region
.
But
for
what
ende
this
night
is
helde
solemne
by
lighting
of
lampes
,
a
certayne
mysticall
and
religious
reason
is
yeelded
which
we
must
keepe
secret
.
At
Heliopolis
and
Butis
onely
,
sacrifice
,
without
execution
of
any
other
ceremonies
,
is
done
to
the
gods
Likewise
at
Papremis
they
remyne
the
same
custome
of
diuine
seruice
and
worshipping
as
in
other
places
.
At
the
sunne
going
downe
,
certayne
chosen
men
of
the
priests
,
being
few
in
number
,
and
seriously
held
and
Mars
,
who
seeking
at
the
estate
of
ripe
yeares
against
the
lawe
of
nature
to
haue
society
with
his
owne
mother
,
tooke
the
repulse
,
and
was
reiected
by
her
ministers
that
knew
him
not
,
whereat
the
god
storming
in
great
rage
,
purchased
ayde
out
of
the
cities
adioynaunt
,
and
made
way
perforce
,
to
the
greate
discomfiture
and
dammage
of
those
as
sought
to
resist
him
,
for
which
cause
,
they
yet
solemnize
to
Mars
a
feast
of
broken
pates
and
Aegyptians
,
beeing
the
vse
in
other
nations
to
accompany
with
their
women
in
the
churches
and
palaces
of
their
gods
,
and
also
presently
after
such
secret
actes
,
without
any
regard
of
purifying
themselues
,
to
rush
into
the
houses
of
diuine
honour
,
making
no
difference
betweene
men
and
other
brutish
and
vnreasonable
creatures
.
For
it
is
seene
(
say
they
)
how
other
things
that
haue
life
and
sence
,
meddle
themselues
Lybia
,
yet
is
it
not
ouermuch
pestered
with
beastes
.
Such
as
the
lande
bringeth
vp
and
fostereth
,
are
reputed
holy
,
and
by
no
meanes
to
be
violated
or
harmed
by
any
,
some
of
which
haue
their
nouriture
and
foode
together
with
the
people
of
the
soyle
:
othersome
are
more
wilde
,
fierce
,
and
intractable
,
refusing
so
gently
to
come
to
haud
.
The
cause
of
these
things
,
why
creatures
vnreasonable
are
so
highly
honoured
of
this
people
,
I
may
not
without
breach
of
piety
reueale
:
which
things
of
set
purpose
I
haue
endeuoured
to
conceale
and
keepe
secrete
,
vnlesse
by
the
necessary
course
of
the
history
I
haue
bene
brought
to
the
contrary
.
Furthermore
,
about
the
beastes
that
breede
and
multiplye
in
the
region
,
suche
is
their
order
.
Generally
they
are
Aegypt
,
performe
and
pay
certayne
vowes
,
makyng
humble
supplication
to
some
one
of
the
gods
,
in
whose
patronage
and
protection
that
beast
is
,
which
thing
they
accomplish
after
this
manner
.
Shauing
the
heads
of
their
sonnes
,
eyther
wholly
,
in
halfe
,
or
for
the
most
parte
,
they
waigh
the
hayre
in
balaunce
,
setting
agaynst
it
the
iust
weight
in
siluer
,
whiche
done
,
they
deliuered
it
to
him
that
hath
the
charge
and
ouersight
of
any
suche
cattell
,
by
whom
are
bought
heere
with
small
peeces
of
fishe
which
they
giue
the
beastes
to
eate
,
and
such
is
the
meanes
whereby
they
nourishe
and
bring
them
vp
.
The
s●aying
of
any
of
these
done
of
malice
and
set
purpose
,
is
present
death
to
the
killer
,
but
committed
by
chaunce
a
mule●
or
pe●ne
at
the
discretion
and
arbitriment
of
the
priests
.
To
kill
an
hauke
Ibis
,
is
losse
of
life
,
in
what
sort
soeuer
it
be
done
.
Such
beasts
as
are
tame
and
come
to
hand
,
hauing
their
food
together
with
men
,
albeit
they
be
many
in
number
,
yet
wold
they
much
more
increase
,
were
it
not
for
the
strange
nature
of
cats
in
that
countrey
.
The
feamale
hauing
once
kitled
,
alwayes
after
eschueth
the
male
,
keeping
her selfe
secrete
and
Babastis
.
A
bitch
is
euermore
buryed
in
the
same
city
where
she
dieth
,
yet
not
without
the
honour
of
a
sacred
tombe
,
burying
Mygalae
,
and
haukes
of
all
kinde
,
if
they
fortune
to
dye
,
they
take
and
bury
them
at
the
city
Butis
.
Beares
,
such
as
be
halowed
,
&
wolues
not
much
bigger
then
foxes
,
are
couered
in
the
same
place
where
they
be
found
dead
.
The
nature
also
of
the
Crocodyle
is
thys
.
Trochilus
,
with
whome
she
is
at
a
continuall
truce
for
the
singular
commodity
she
receyueth
by
him
.
For
the
Crocodile
at
what
Thebes
,
and
the
poole
of
Maeris
,
who
are
wont
commonly
to
traine
vp
a
Crocodyle
to
hand
,
and
make
it
tame
,
being
in
all
poyntes
so
gentle
and
tractable
as
a
dogge
.
At
whose
eares
they
hang
gemmes
Elephantina
,
who
be
so
farre
from
thinking
so
reuerently
of
suche
venemous
serpents
,
that
for
hate
they
stay
,
and
in
disdayne
eate
them
.
The
Aegyptians
call
them
not
Crocodyles
,
but
Champsi
,
this
name
being
brought
vp
Ionia
,
for
that
in
shape
they
resemble
those
Crocodyles
which
amongst
them
ingender
and
breede
in
hedges
.
Diuers
are
the
meanes
whereby
they
are
taken
,
yet
amongst
other
deuyses
this
one
seemeth
to
mee
most
worthy
rehersall
.
Such
as
laye
for
them
and
seeke
all
wayes
to
take
them
,
bayte
their
hookes
with
Swynes
flesh
and
cast
it
into
the
Phoenix
:
which
I
neuer
saw
,
but
protrayed
and
shadowed
in
coloures
.
For
the
commeth
very
seldome
into
that
countrey
(
as
farre
as
I
could
heare
say
by
the
Heliopolitans
)
to
wit
,
once
in
500.
yeares
,
and
that
also
when
hir
parent
Phoenix
,
Aegyptians
haue
bruted
a
straunge
tale
,
which
I
can
hardly
Arabia
,
to
the
temple
of
the
Sunne
in
Aegypt
,
carieth
in
hir
tallaunts
the
corps
of
hir
dead
sire
,
embaulmed
&
roled
in
Myrrhe
,
which
she
accustometh
to
bury
in
that
place
.
Adding
also
the
maner
whereby
she
inureth
hir selfe
to
cary
so
great
a
burthen
.
First
she
gathers
a
great
quantity
of
Myrrhe
and
works
it
into
a
lumpe
,
as
much
as
shee
canne
well
beare
,
whereby
to
make
cryall
of
hir
owne
strength
.
After
this
perceyuing
hirselfe
able
to
weylde
it
.
shee
maketh
an
hole
with
hir
Beake
in
the
side
of
the
balle
,
framing
it
very
hollow
and
empty
within
,
wherein
she
incloseth
the
body
of
hir
breeder
.
This
done
,
and
the
hole
cunningly
filled
vp
againe
,
she
poyseth
the
whole
masse
in
hir
tallaunts
:
and
finally
,
she
transporteth
it
to
Heliopolis
to
the
temple
Pallace
of
the
Sunne
:
so
skilfully
handling
hir
cariage
,
that
the
Myrrhe
body
and
all
waygheth
no
more
then
the
whole
balle
did
before
.
This
they
mention
as
concerning
the
Phoenix
.
Knowe
wee
Aegypt
,
there
vse
to
haunte
a
kinde
of
Serpents
,
had
in
dyuine
worshippe
:
of
body
sinale
,
&
nothing
norsome
or
hurtfull
to
men
.
These
haue
two
hornes
growing
out
of
their
heads
,
&
euermore
dying
are
laide
in
Iupiters
temple
,
vnto
whom
they
are
holy
and
consecrate
.
In
Arabia
there
lyeth
a
place
of
no
great
distaunce
from
the
city
Batis
,
whether
I
went
of
purpose
,
hauing
heard
of
certayne
wynged
Serpents
there
to
bee
seene
.
And
being
come
:
I
behelde
the
ribbes
and
bones
of
Serpents
in
number
welnigh
infinite
and
not
to
bee
reckoned
whereofsome
were
greater
,
and
some
lesse
.
The
place
where
the
bones
are
layde
,
is
a
sinale
and
narrowe
bottome
betweene
two
Mountaynes
,
opening
into
a
wyde
and
waste
champion
.
The
speech
goeth
,
that
out
of
Arabia
at
the
poynte
of
the
Sprynge
,
many
hydious
and
terrible
Serpentes
take
their
Aegypt
:
which
the
fowles
called
Ibides
meeting
with
,
straight
wayes
kill
and
deuour
them
:
by
which
meanes
the
soile
is
rid
&
deliuered
of
a
great
plague
.
For
this
cause
the
bird
Ibis
(
whereto
the
Arabians
likewyse
accorde
)
is
had
in
great
price
and
estimation
of
the
Aegyptians
.
The
fashion
&
protrayture
of
this
bird
is
such
:
hir
feathers
as
black
as
I
eat
:
long
shanks
Hydra
,
Now
it
vehoueth
vs
to
know
that
such
of
the
Aegyptians
as
dwell
in
the
corne
Countrey
,
&
are
most
of
all
conuersant
in
descrying
to
the
posterity
the
acts
&
affayres
of
auncient
momory
,
Libians
:
the
cause
whereof
I
iudge
to
proceede
of
the
immutable
&
constant
course
of
the
yeare
,
which
with
them
neuer
varieth
but
falleth
out
alwayes
alike
:
the
greatest
Beholde
here
,
and
amiddest
thy
pleasure
and
delighte
remember
this
,
for
such
a
one
after
thy
death
shalt
thou
bee
thy selfe
.
Such
is
their
order
in
feastes
and
banquets
,
contenting
them selues
alwayes
with
the
customes
of
their
owne
countrey
and
refusing
to
be
ruled
by
straunge
and
forraine
maners
.
Amongst
whom
are
diuerse
fashions
,
very
conuenient
and
well
appoynted
:
in
Lynus
.
And
in
truth
meruayling
at
other
thinges
in
Aegypt
,
I
am
not
a
litle
amazed
at
this
,
whence
the
name
of
Lynus
should
come
.
The
Songe
they
seeme
to
haue
kept
&
retained
from
all
antiquity
.
Lynus
in
the
Aegyptian
gibberishe
is
called
Maneros
,
who
(
as
they
say
)
being
the
onely
sonne
of
their
firste
Kinge
,
was
surprised
and
taken
away
by
vntimely
death
,
whom
the
Aegyptians
bewayle
and
lament
in
this
pitious
and
dolefull
verse
.
Herein
they
iumpe
and
agree
with
the
Lacedaemonians
,
in
that
the
inferiour
meeting
with
his
elder
,
Calasyris
:
ouer
this
they
cast
also
another
besture
of
linnen
very
cleane
&
white
.
Garments
of
woollen
are
neuer
caried
into
the
houses
of
religion
,
neither
will
any
man
shrowd
him selfe
in
a
woollen
vesture
,
which
is
accounted
prophane
.
This
hath
some
agreement
with
the
ceremonies
vsually
kept
in
the
sacred
feasts
of
Bacchus
&
Orpheus
,
which
partly
Aegyptians
,
&
partly
deuised
by
the
Pythagoreans
.
For
such
as
haue
bene
partakers
of
those
ryts
,
haue
euermore
abhorred
to
be
buried
in
woollen
garments
.
Whereof
also
an
holy
reason
is
geuen
which
we
dare
not
disclose
.
Many
other
thinges
haue
bene
invented
by
the
Aegyptians
,
as
what
day
and
moneth
is
proper
and
appertinent
to
euery
god
.
Likewise
Poetry
.
Also
,
more
wonders
,
and
strange
sightes
and
euentes
haue
bene
discussed
and
interpreted
by
them
,
then
by
any
other
.
Nation
liuinge
.
For
as
any
such
thing
hath
happened
at
any
tyme
they
commit
it
to
memory
,
awaighting
dilligently
what
issue
it
hath
:
and
if
the
like
fall
out
at
any
time
after
,
they
coniecture
of
the
ende
and
effect
thereof
by
the
example
of
the
first
.
The
knowledge
of
diuination
is
so
practised
by
them
,
that
they
impute
not
the
inuention
thereof
to
the
will
of
men
,
but
to
certayne
of
the
gods
.
In
their
lande
there
bee
these
Oracles
.
The
prophecy
of
Hercules
,
Apollo
,
Minerua
,
Diana
,
Mars
,
and
Iupiter
,
most
of
all
retterencing
the
diuine
seate
of
Latona
,
Batis
.
These
prophesies
are
not
all
instituted
after
the
same
fashion
,
but
haue
a
difference
and
diuersity
betweene
them
.
Phisieke
is
so
studyed
and
practysed
with
them
that
euery
disease
hath
his
seuerall
phisition
,
who
stryueth
to
excell
in
healing
that
one
disease
,
and
not
to
be
expert
in
curinge
many
:
whereof
it
commeth
that
euery
corner
In
like
sorte
,
the
maner
of
mourninge
,
and
funerall
sorrow
at
the
death
of
friendes
:
also
the
maner
of
sepulture
and
vuryall
which
they
vse
,
is
most
worthy
memory
.
When
as
any
of
Aethyopia
,
taking
thereout
the
paunche
&
entrals
,
and
clensinge
the
belly
with
wyne
of
Palme
tree
:
secondly
,
with
fresh
water
mingled
with
most
fragrant
&
delightfull
spyces
:
in
place
hereof
they
force
and
stuffe
the
belly
it selfe
with
myrrhe
,
of
the
finest
force
brayed
and
pounded
in
a
morter
.
Likewise
,
with
Cassia
&
all
kinde
of
pleasaunt
odours
,
except
frankincense
.
Hauing
thus
done
,
they
sowe
it
vp
agayne
,
&
embalming
the
body
,
preserue
it
for
the
terme
of
●0
.
dayes
:
longer
then
which
they
may
not
keepe
it
.
The
dayes
exspired
&
drawne
to
an
ende
,
they
take
the
corse
and
wash
it
ouer
a
fresh
,
annoynting
the
body
with
gum
(
which
is
to
the
Aegyptians
in
steede
of
Glue
)
and
attyring
it
in
a
fine
lynen
drawne
together
with
a
lace
,
they
send
him
back
againe
to
his
friends
.
His
friends
in
the
tyme
,
while
the
saliners
haue
him
in
hand
,
procure
an
Image
to
be
made
to
the
likenes
and
resemblaunce
of
him
that
is
dead
,
wherein
being
holow
&
vauted
within
,
they
cause
him
to
be
inclosed
,
layinge
both
the
Image
and
the
body
therein
contayned
in
a
toumbe
together
.
Howbeit
they
which
in
meaner
estate
and
fortune
cannot
reach
so
high
,
order
the
bodyes
of
their
frindes
in
forme
as
followeth
.
First
of
all
they
fill
a
clyster
with
the
oyntment
of
neder
which
without
any
maner
cuttinge
or
opening
the
belly
,
they
strayne
it
into
the
body
by
the
inferiour
partes
&
Fundament
,
preseruinge
the
corse
:
as
before
,
70.
dayes
.
The
last
day
of
all
they
dreyne
out
the
oyle
from
the
bowels
of
the
dead
:
which
is
of
such
vertue
,
that
it
bringeth
out
with
it
all
the
inner
parts
of
the
belly
corrupted
and
festered
.
Herewith
also
they
instil
&
power
into
the
body
Saltpeter
,
which
is
of
force
to
depratie
,
taynt
,
and
consume
the
flesh
,
leauing
nothing
but
skin
&
bones
:
which
done
,
they
eftsones
deliuer
the
body
to
the
owners
.
There
is
also
a
third
kinde
of
vsage
accustomably
practised
about
the
bodyes
of
the
dead
:
that
if
any
one
be
deceased
whose
friendes
are
very
poore
and
of
smalest
substance
,
they
only
purge
the
belly
,
and
preseruing
the
corps
with
salt
for
terme
of
like
time
as
before
,
in
fine
,
redeliuer
him
to
the
bringers
.
The
wyues
of
noble
men
,
and
such
as
are
very
fayre
and
of
Aegyptians
,
or
of
forraine
countries
to
be
drowned
and
cast
on
shore
,
the
City
in
whose
borders
he
is
founde
must
sustaine
the
charge
of
the
funeralles
,
which
in
honorable
maner
must
be
executed
,
and
the
body
buried
in
the
sacred
and
holy
Monumentes
.
Being
not
lawfull
for
his
friends
and
allies
any
whit
to
intermeddle
or
touch
the
dead
,
but
the
Preists
assigned
to
the
worship
of
the
ryuer
Nylus
intoumbe
and
bury
him
so
nicely
and
solemnly
as
if
it
were
the
body
of
a
god
.
The
customes
of
Greece
they
will
in
no
wise
follow
:
vtterly
estraunging
themselues
from
all
orders
borowed
and
deryued
from
other
Nations
.
Albeit
Chemmis
a
great
City
in
the
Prouince
of
Thebs
not
farre
from
the
City
Nëa
,
wherein
standeth
the
Temple
Perseus
,
senne
of
Danäe
,
builte
fouresquare
and
incompassed
rounde
aboute
wyth
a
Springe
or
Groue
of
Date
trees
:
hauing
also
a
large
entry
of
stone
,
on
each
side
whereof
are
placed
two
Images
of
passing
greatnesse
:
within
the
pallace
is
contayned
the
carued
monument
of
Perseus
,
whom
the
Chemmyts
auouch
often
times
to
appeare
vnto
them
out
of
the
earth
,
and
not
seldome
in
the
church
:
at
which
time
they
stude
his
supper
which
he
was
wo●●s
to
weare
,
two
cubytes
in
length
&
affyrminge
that
at
such
times
as
that
is
seene
,
the
yeare
proueth
very
fertile
and
prosperous
throughe
out
all
Aegypt
.
This
towne
(
I
say
)
hath
ordayned
certayne
games
of
exer●ise
in
the
honour
of
Perseus
,
after
the
maner
of
Greece
.
These
being
dmaunded
of
mee
why
Perseus
should
appeare
to
them
alone
,
and
for
what
cause
in
the
celebration
of
their
games
,
they
dissented
from
the
rest
of
the
Aegyptians
:
they
made
answere
,
that
Perseus
was
issued
of
theyr
city
,
adding
moreouer
,
that
Danaeus
and
Lynaeus
were
also
Chēmmyts
and
sayled
into
Greece
:
in
blasing
whose
Pedagree
they
came
at
length
to
Perseus
,
who
comming
into
Aegypt
for
the
selfe
same
cause
as
the
Grecians
testify
,
namely
,
to
fetch
the
heade
of
Gorgon
out
of
Africk
,
came
also
to
them
and
called
to
remembraunce
his
kinred
and
linage
,
of
whom
hauing
taken
acquayntaunce
,
and
hearing
his
mother
to
speake
of
the
name
of
Chem
,
he
instituted
a
game
of
all
exercises
,
which
according
to
his
appointment
and
first
ordinaunce
they
obserue
till
this
day
.
These
are
the
maners
of
those
that
lye
aboue
the
Fennes
,
such
as
dwell
in
the
Maryses
differ
not
from
the
rest
,
neither
in
other
things
,
nor
in
estate
of
mariage
,
euery
one
inioying
the
priuate
fellowship
of
his
owne
wyfe
,
in
semblable
maner
to
the
Grecians
.
Notwithstanding
for
the
easie
prouision
of
their
foode
and
sustenaunce
other
thinges
haue
bene
soughte
out
and
deinied
by
them
.
For
in
time
of
the
floude
when
the
ryuer
ouergoeth
the
Lotos
.
These
they
reape
and
dry
them
in
the
Sunne
.
The
seede
whereof
(
growing
in
the
middest
of
the
flower
,
somewhat
like
vnto
Popy
seede
)
they
boyle
,
after
which
they
kneade
it
into
cakes
,
&
bake
it
for
breade
.
The
roote
of
this
is
very
rothsome
,
pleasant
&
good
to
eate
:
being
of
forme
very
rounde
,
&
in
bignesse
like
an
aple
.
There
is
also
another
kinde
of
lyllyes
much
like
to
roses
,
which
in
like
maner
haue
their
growth
in
the
water
,
from
whose
roote
springs
a
bud
vnlike
to
the
former
,
bearing
fruite
in
maner
&
likenesse
of
an
hony
Combe
:
herein
are
contayned
certayne
smale
kernells
resembling
the
stone
of
an
Olyue
,
not
vnfit
for
sustenance
,
and
commonly
eaten
of
the
Aegyptians
,
aswell
fresh
as
wythered
.
The
selfe
same
people
when
the
season
of
the
yeare
serueth
,
are
busily
conuersant
in
gathering
a
kinde
of
Rush
called
Bybl●s
,
the
top
whereof
they
crop
&
turne
it
into
vse
of
foode
:
the
residue
being
much
about
one
cubyte
in
length
,
they
partly
eate
&
partly
sell
.
Such
as
be
desirous
to
make
fine
and
delicate
meate
of
this
Rush
,
vse
to
cast
it
into
an
Ouen
&
broyle
it
:
some
there
be
that
lyue
only
by
fish
,
which
hauing
taken
,
they
incontinently
draw
them
&
parch
them
in
the
Sunne
like
stockfish
,
and
being
well
dryed
they
eate
them
.
The
common
sorte
of
fish
vsed
among
them
,
breede
not
in
the
ryuer
,
but
in
pooles
,
being
of
this
nature
.
The
Aegyptians
that
keepe
in
the
fenne
countrey
,
vse
a
certaine
Palmachri
.
These
trees
(
that
springe
naturally
in
Greece
)
the
Aegyptians
accustome
to
plant
and
set
by
the
banckes
of
Pooles
and
ryuers
,
which
is
the
cause
that
they
beare
fruite
,
but
very
strong
and
rancke
of
sauoure
.
The
fruite
being
gathered
,
some
of
them
bruise
it
against
the
fyre
,
other
some
frie
it
in
a
pan
,
reseruing
that
which
commeth
of
it
,
which
serueth
them
partly
for
Oyle
,
partly
for
the
vse
of
their
Lamps
and
candles
,
yeelding
(
as
they
sayd
before
)
a
deyne
very
loathsome
and
vnsauory
.
Likewise
,
agaynst
gnats
and
flyes
,
wherewith
their
lande
aboundeth
aboue
measure
,
certaine
remedies
are
founde
out
by
them
.
Such
as
dwell
aboue
the
Fennes
are
holpen
herein
by
towers
and
high
garrets
,
wherein
they
take
their
sleepe
,
forasmuch
as
the
winde
will
not
suffer
the
Gnats
to
fly
high
.
The
people
of
the
Fennes
in
steede
of
Turrets
are
fayne
to
worke
this
deuise
.
Each
man
hath
his
Nets
,
wherewith
in
the
day
time
they
goe
on
fishing
,
and
in
the
night
pytche
them
aboute
their
chambers
wherein
they
rest
,
by
whych
meanes
they
come
to
take
a
nappe
of
nyne
houres
longe
:
whereas
otherwise
(
were
they
neuer
so
well
wrapped
in
clothes
)
the
Gnats
with
their
sharp
nebbes
woulde
pier●
and
stinge
quite
through
all
,
being
not
able
in
like
maner
to
passe
through
Cyrene
,
from
the
which
there
issueth
a
certayne
kinde
of
gumme
.
Of
the
body
of
this
thorne
they
sawe
and
square
out
certaine
boardes
two
cubits
longe
,
and
fashioned
like
a
tilesheard
,
which
they
frame
and
compact
together
after
this
maner
.
First
they
vnite
and
ioyne
the
plancks
together
with
an
infinit
number
of
nayles
and
pynnes
,
binding
the
same
to
many
transomes
that
goe
both
crosse
and
longe
wayes
for
the
strength
of
the
vessell
.
Their
wood
they
frame
not
in
compasse
,
after
the
maner
of
other
Nations
,
but
fasten
and
knit
the
ioyntes
together
with
Bullrushes
and
such
like
.
They
haue
only
one
Helme
or
Sterne
,
which
is
made
to
goe
throughe
the
hinder
parte
of
the
Shippe
.
The
Mast
is
likewise
of
thorne
,
the
Sayle
of
the
Rushe
Byblus
.
These
kinde
of
vessells
are
not
able
to
cut
against
the
streame
,
but
are
haled
and
drawne
forward
by
land
.
Downe
the
streame
they
passe
in
this
wyse
.
They
frame
an
hurdle
of
the
bushe
Tamarisk
,
fast
bounde
and
tyed
together
with
the
peelings
of
greene
Cane
or
Reedes
:
prouydinge
moreouer
a
mighty
stone
wyth
an
hole
through
the
middest
,
two
talents
in
weight
:
which
done
,
they
cast
the
hurdle
into
the
streame
beinge
made
fast
with
a
Rope
to
the
nose
of
the
Vessell
:
contrariwise
,
the
stonne
they
tye
behynde
wyth
an
other
Gable
,
geuinge
it
so
much
scope
that
it
may
sinke
to
the
bottome
.
By
which
meanes
it
commeth
to
passe
that
the
streame
caryinge
on
the
hurdle
,
causeth
the
Shippe
to
follow
,
with
exceedinge
swiftnesse
:
and
the
stone
on
the
other
side
drayling
behinde
,
directeth
the
same
in
euen
and
stedfast
course
.
At
such
time
as
the
ryuer
ouerrunneth
the
soyle
,
the
Cityes
are
only
apparent
and
vncouered
,
resembling
in
shew
the
Iles
of
the
sea
Aegêum
,
all
the
land
besides
being
in
maner
of
a
sea
.
The
Cities
which
in
time
of
the
floud
are
extante
,
be
in
place
of
Portes
for
the
ships
to
lye
at
rode
in
.
During
which
time
they
sayle
not
in
the
mayne
ryuer
,
but
through
the
Memphis
,
haue
their
course
by
the
Pyramides
:
albeit
there
be
another
way
also
●●ndinge
to
the
same
place
,
strykinge
ouer
by
the
Neb
of
Delta
,
and
the
City
of
the
Cercasians
.
Likewise
as
we
take
our
voyage
from
the
Sea
coaste
,
and
the
city
Canobus
to
Naucrates
through
the
wyde
and
open
fieldes
,
we
shall
passe
by
Anthylla
a
towne
so
named
:
in
like
manner
arryuinge
,
at
the
city
Arcandry
.
Anthylla
a
city
of
chiefe
renowne
,
is
euermore
geuen
and
allotted
by
the
Kinge
of
Aegypt
to
his
Queene
,
that
then
is
,
to
Aegypt
.
Archandry
seenieth
to
haue
taken
the
name
of
Archander
,
sonne
in
lawe
to
Danaeus
,
and
the
lawfull
ofspringe
of
Phthius
Achaeus
:
not
denying
but
that
there
might
bee
another
besides
him
:
but
howsoeuer
it
is
,
the
city
Archandry
can
in
no
wyse
be
made
an
Aegyptian
name
.
Hytherto
haue
I
set
dawne
such
thinges
as
eyther
by
my selfe
I
haue
seene
and
knowne
:
or
bene
constantly
aduertysed
thereof
by
the
people
of
the
region
,
determining
henceforth
to
prosecute
such
matters
,
as
I
haue
onely
by
heresay
,
interlaceing
the
same
otherwhiles
,
with
such
thinges
as
of
myne
owne
knowledge
I
am
able
to
iustifie
.
Menes
the
firste
Kinge
of
Aegypt
(
as
the
pryests
make
Lybia
.
This
Menes
therefore
damminge
vppe
the
bosome
of
the
ryuer
towardes
the
south
Region
hauinge
cast
vppe
a
Memphis
,
one
of
the
fayrest
buildinges
and
of
chiefest
fame
in
all
the
countrey
of
Aegypte
.
Three
hundred
&
thirty
Prynces
that
by
mutuall
succession
followed
Menes
,
the
priests
also
readily
mentioned
out
of
the
books
of
their
Monuments
:
of
which
number
18
were
by
Countrey
Aethyopians
,
and
one
a
forraine
&
outlandish
women
,
whose
nation
they
knew
not
,
al
the
rest
being
sprong
of
their
owne
land
.
This
woman
that
aspired
to
the
crowne
,
bare
the
name
of
the
famous
Nitocris
:
whose
brother
in
the
time
of
his
empire
being
slaine
by
the
Aegyptians
,
Nitocris
wearing
the
crowne
after
him
sought
meanes
secretly
how
to
reuenge
his
death
,
whith
she
brought
to
passe
by
a
straunge
deuice
and
pollicy
.
Hauing
therefore
builte
for
hir
owne
vse
a
fayre
&
gorgeous
courte
,
she
caused
an
hollow
Vaut
or
caue
to
be
cast
vnder
the
earth
,
pretending
for
the
time
a
reason
of
hir
deuice
,
albeit
farre
different
from
hir
secret
minde
&
purpose
.
The
work
ended
,
she
inuited
thither
the
most
part
of
hir
nobles
to
a
banquet
,
such
as
shee
knew
to
haue
bene
the
authors
and
workers
of
hir
brothers
death
,
who
being
all
assembled
and
set
together
in
an
inner
Parlour
,
expectinge
their
cheere
,
the
water
was
let
in
at
a
priuy
grate
and
ouerwhelmed
them
all
.
These
thinges
they
spake
of
Nitocris
,
adding
besids
,
that
hauing
wrought
this
feate
,
shee
cast
hir selfe
into
an
house
full
of
Ashes
to
escape
vnpunished
.
By
the
rest
of
the
kinges
of
Aegypt
the
priestes
coulde
recyte
Pyramides
,
of
whose
bygnesse
,
as
also
of
the
large
compasse
and
amplitude
of
the
Poole
,
wee
will
ioyntely
intreate
in
another
place
.
These
thinges
were
done
by
Moeris
the
last
king
.
The
rest
consuminge
the
time
of
their
raygne
in
silence
and
obscurity
,
whom
for
the
same
cause
I
will
passe
ouer
,
and
addresse
my
speache
to
him
who
came
after
them
in
time
and
went
before
them
in
Dignity
:
namely
,
the
worthy
Prynce
Sesostris
.
Him
the
Pryestes
recounte
firste
of
all
the
kings
Europe
,
where
he
made
conquest
of
the
Scythians
and
Thracians
:
which
seemeth
to
haue
bene
the
farthest
poynt
of
his
voyage
:
for
so
much
as
in
their
land
also
his
titles
&
marks
are
apparantly
seene
,
and
not
beyonde
.
Herefro
hee
began
to
measure
his
steps
back
agayne
incamping
his
powre
at
the
ryuer
Phasis
:
where
,
I
am
not
able
to
discusse
,
whether
king
Sesostris
him selfe
planted
any
parte
of
his
army
in
that
place
euer
after
to
possesse
the
countrey
:
or
whether
some
of
his
souldiers
wearyed
with
continuall
perigrination
and
trauayle
,
toke
vp
their
mansion
place
&
rested
there
.
For
the
people
named
Colchi
,
seeme
to
be
Aegyptians
:
Aegyptians
,
then
the
Aegyptians
then
:
affyrming
,
that
the
Colchans
were
a
remnante
of
Sesostris
army
.
My selfe
haue
drawne
a
coniecture
hereof
:
that
both
people
are
in
countenan e
a
like
black
,
in
hayre
a
like
fryzled
,
albeit
it
may
seeme
a
very
feeble
gesse
,
the
same
being
also
in
other
nations
.
A
better
surmise
may
be
gathered
of
this
,
that
the
people
of
Aethyopia
,
Aegypt
,
and
Colchis
only
of
all
men
,
circumcyse
&
cut
of
the
foreskin
from
their
hidden
partes
;
reteyning
the
custome
time
out
of
minde
.
For
the
Phoenicians
and
Syrians
that
dwell
in
Palaestina
,
confesse
themselues
to
haue
borrowed
the
maner
of
circumsicion
from
the
Aegypt
〈…〉
.
And
as
for
those
Syrians
that
dwell
neere
vnto
the
ryuers
Thermodon
and
Parthemus
,
and
the
people
called
Macrones
their
next
neighbours
;
they
tooke
the
selfe
same
vse
and
custome
of
the
Colchans
.
Howbeit
,
the
Aegyptians
and
Aethyopians
,
which
of
them
learned
it
of
others
,
it
is
hard
to
discerne
,
forasmuch
as
the
custome
in
both
Countryes
is
of
great
antiquity
.
Neuerthelesse
,
very
good
occasion
of
coniecture
is
offred
vnto
vs
,
that
it
came
fyrst
from
the
Aegyptians
,
at
such
time
as
the
Aethyopians
had
exchaunge
of
marchaundise
with
them
.
For
the
Phoenicians
,
that
in
like
maner
haue
mutuall
trafique
which
the
Grecians
,
leaue
of
to
circumcysse
them selues
,
and
refuse
in
that
poynte
to
be
conformable
to
the
lawes
and
statutes
of
their
countrey
.
One
thinge
more
may
be
alleaged
wherein
the
people
of
Colchis
doe
very
narrowly
resemble
the
customes
of
Aegypt
,
in
so
much
as
,
these
two
nations
alone
,
work
their
lynnen
&
dresse
theyr
flax
after
the
same
sorte
,
in
all
poyntes
respecting
each
other
both
in
order
of
lyfe
&
maner
of
language
.
The
flaxe
which
is
brought
from
Colchis
the
Grecians
call
Sardonick
:
the
other
comming
out
of
Aegypt
they
terme
after
the
name
of
the
countrey
,
Aegyptian
flaxe
.
But
to
returne
to
the
tytles
and
emblems
that
king
Sesostris
lefte
behind
him
in
all
regions
through
that
which
he
passed
,
many
thereof
are
fallen
to
decay
.
Notwithstanding
,
certaine
of
them
in
Syria
and
Paloestina
I
beheld
with
myne
own
eyes
,
intayled
with
such
posyes
as
we
spake
of
before
,
and
the
pictures
of
womens
secretes
ingrauen
in
them
.
Likewise
in
Iönia
are
to
bee
seene
two
sundry
Images
of
Sesostris
himselfe
carued
in
pillers
:
one
as
we
passe
from
Ephesus
to
Phocoea
:
another
in
the
way
from
Sardis
to
Smyrna
.
Eyther
of
these
haue
the
forme
and
figure
of
a
man
,
fiue
hands
breadth
in
bignesse
,
bearing
in
his
righte
hand
a
Darte
,
in
his
left
a
vowe
,
his
harnesse
and
furniture
after
the
manner
of
the
Aegyptians
and
Aethyopians
.
Crosse
his
backe
from
the
one
shoulder
to
the
other
went
a
sentence
ingrauen
in
the
holy
letter
of
Aegypt
:
hauing
this
meaning
.
By
my
owne
force
did
I
vanquishe
this
region
.
Notwithstandinge
it
is
not
there
specified
what
he
should
be
,
albeit
els
where
it
is
to
be
seene
.
Some
haue
deemed
this
monument
to
haue
bene
Memnon
,
not
a
litle
deceyued
in
opinion
.
This
noble
and
victorious
prince
Sesostris
making
his
returne
to
Aegypt
,
came
(
by
report
of
the
priests
)
to
a
place
named
Daphnoe
pelusiae
,
with
an
infinite
trayne
of
forraine
people
out
of
al
Nations
by
him
subdued
:
where
being
very
curteously
met
&
welcomed
by
his
brother
,
whom
in
his
absence
he
had
lefte
for
Viceroy
and
protectour
of
the
countrey
,
he
was
also
by
the
same
inuited
to
a
princely
banquet
,
him selfe
,
his
wife
,
and
his
children
.
Vulcane
.
Likewise
,
many
trenches
cut
out
and
deriued
from
the
riuer
into
most
places
of
the
countrey
,
whereby
Greece
.
For
as
touching
the
Pole
and
Gnomon
Babylonians
.
This
King
Sesostris
held
the
Empyre
alone
,
leauing
in
Aethiopia
before
the
temple
of
Vulcane
certayne
monuments
to
the
posteritie
,
to
wit
,
certayne
images
of
stone
,
one
for
hymselfe
,
another
for
his
wife
,
beeyng
eache
of
them
thirtie
cubites
:
Sesostris
,
the
priest
of
Vulcane
which
serued
in
the
temple
woulde
in
no
wise
permit
it
to
bee
done
,
denying
that
Darius
had
euer
atchieued
the
like
exploites
that
Sesostris
had
done
.
Who
,
besides
the
conquering
of
sundrie
other
nations
(
not
inferiour
in
number
to
those
whiche
had
beene
ouercome
by
Darius
)
had
also
brought
in
subiection
the
most
couragious
and
valiaunt
people
of
Scythia
:
for
whyche
cause
,
it
were
agaynst
reason
to
preferre
hymselfe
in
place
before
him
vnto
whome
he
was
inferiour
in
chiualry
,
whiche
bolde
aunswere
of
the
priest
,
King
Darius
tooke
in
good
parte
and
brooked
welynough
.
Sesostris
dying
,
the
seate
imperiall
came
to
hys
sonne
Pheco
,
who
beeyng
bereaued
of
hys
sight
,
vndertooke
no
voyage
Butis
,
that
the
tyme
of
hys
miserie
was
nowe
exspyred
,
and
that
hys
syght
shoulde
eftsoones
bee
restored
agayne
,
if
in
case
hee
washed
hys
eyes
in
the
water
of
a
woman
,
whych
neuer
knewe
man
but
her
owne
husbande
.
For
further
proofe
of
thys
phetis
medicine
,
Reddclodd
)
he
set
fire
to
the
towne
,
and
The
King
thus
healed
,
and
freely
acquited
of
hys
former
miserie
,
began
to
be
deuoute
,
increasing
the
temples
of
the
gods
with
giftes
of
exceeding
value
.
All
which
deserue
for
theyr
excellencie
to
be
had
in
memorie
,
and
chiefly
those
that
he
offered
in
the
temple
of
the
Sunne
,
which
were
these
,
two
mighty
great
stones
which
the
Aegyptians
in
theyr
tongue
called
Obeli
,
in
fashion
like
a
spit
or
breach
.
100.
cubites
long
,
and
in
breadth
.
80.
Next
after
hym
the
kingdome
descended
to
a
certayne
man
of
the
citie
Memphis
,
whose
name
in
the
greeke
language
Protheus
,
to
whome
the
Aegyptians
erected
a
temple
,
which
is
yet
to
be
seene
in
Memphis
,
very
fayre
and
beautifull
,
garnished
wyth
rich
and
singulare
giftes
.
On
euery
side
whereof
dwell
the
Phenices
,
a
people
descended
of
the
Tyrians
;
whereof
the
place
taketh
the
name
,
and
is
tearmed
the
tentes
of
the
Tyrians
.
Within
the
temple
there
is
standyng
the
house
of
Proteus
,
called
the
court
of
straunge
Venus
,
vnder
which
name
is
meant
(
as
I
deeme
)
Helena
,
the
daughter
of
Tyndarus
,
who
as
a
guest
agaynst
her
wyll
,
kepte
resyaunce
for
a
tyme
in
the
court
of
Protheus
,
and
was
tearmed
the
straunge
Venus
,
in
as
much
as
the
other
Venus
(
who
Aegypt
)
is
neuer
called
by
the
name
of
straunge
.
Heereof
entring
talke
with
the
sacred
order
of
the
priestes
,
they
discoursed
vnto
me
,
that
Alexander
hauing
stolne
Helena
from
the
Spartanes
,
and
speedyng
hymselfe
Aegeum
,
by
constraynte
of
weather
was
driuen
into
the
Aegyptian
seas
,
and
perforce
againste
his
will
,
was
cast
ashore
in
Aegypt
.
His
ariual
was
at
the
mouth
of
the
floud
Nilus
called
Canobicum
,
at
the
porte
whiche
the
inhabitants
tearme
by
the
name
of
Trachex
.
In
this
place
is
situated
a
temple
to
Hercules
,
where
vnto
if
any
mans
seruaunt
or
Menelaus
.
The
same
playnt
also
they
framed
before
the
priests
of
Hercules
,
and
the
chiefe
gouernour
of
the
port
named
Thonis
.
Thonis
hauing
hard
the
accusation
of
these
poore
suppliants
,
sent
in
all
haste
to
the
King
in
these
wordes
:
Knowe
you
(
noble
Prince
)
that
a
fewe
dayes
since
,
a
certayne
straunger
of
the
Troiane
lignage
(
hauing
committed
a
most
villanous
acte
in
Greece
,
by
entising
away
the
wife
of
him
that
had
geuen
him
entertaynement
)
is
by
force
of
tempest
dryuen
vpon
our
coastes
,
we
desire
therefore
to
knowe
your
hignesse
pleasure
,
whether
we
shall
geue
him
free
passage
into
his
countrey
,
or
bereaue
him
of
that
he
hath
,
and
sende
him
awaye
.
To
which
newes
the
King
returned
an
aunswere
saying
.
The
person
you
speake
of
,
of
what
nation
soeuer
hee
bee
whiche
hathe
wrought
this
despitefull
treacherie
to
his
hoste
,
see
you
apprehend
and
bring
to
my
court
,
to
the
ende
I
may
heare
what
he
can
say
for
himselfe
.
Whereat
Thonis
without
any
farther
deliberation
,
tooke
this
yong
gallaunt
of
Troy
,
strayned
hys
ships
,
and
brought
him
with
the
Lady
Helena
and
the
rest
of
his
retinue
to
the
city
Memphis
,
where
the
King
at
that
tyme
made
his
place
of
abiding
.
Beeing
arriued
at
the
Court
,
the
King
asked
Alexander
in
these
wordes
:
Yong
gentleman
,
what
are
you
,
and
from
what
countrey
are
you
landed
heere
in
Aegypt
?
Alexander
,
who
was
not
to
seeke
of
an
aunswere
,
with
a
comely
grace
made
aunswere
to
the
King
,
descrying
both
his
countrey
and
lynage
,
the
place
also
from
whence
hee
was
arriued
,
and
to
what
coastes
he
directed
his
course
.
And
where
then
(
quoth
the
King
)
had
you
this
goodly
geutlewoman
,
for
she
seemeth
to
be
a
woman
of
no
common
bloud
:
whereat
my
youth
somewhat
mammering
before
he
coulde
cast
the
plot
of
his
excuse
,
was
betrayed
by
his
seruaunts
,
who
in
humble
inanner
on
their
knees
,
disciphered
to
the
King
the
whole
discourse
of
his
treason
.
The
vassals
hauing
ended
their
speeche
,
Protheus
turned
hymselfe
to
Alexander
,
and
tucked
hym
vp
with
thys
rounde
tale
:
my
friende
(
sayde
hee
)
were
it
not
for
the
reuerence
I
owe
to
straungers
,
with
whome
my
custome
is
not
to
deale
by
rigour
,
I
woulde
surely
pipe
yee
such
a
daunce
for
the
wicked
villanie
wherewith
thou
hast
abused
thyne
hoast
in
Greece
,
that
all
vnthankefull
wretches
shoulde
take
example
by
thee
how
to
vse
those
that
shewe
them
courtesie
in
a
forraigne
lande
.
Ah
vnkynde
wretche
as
thou
arte
,
is
thys
the
best
requitall
thou
makest
the
Grecian
for
hys
noble
vsage
towarde
thee
?
to
bereaue
hym
of
his
mate
,
the
most
comfortable
companyon
of
all
hys
daies
,
and
not
contente
therewyth
,
lyke
an
arraunt
theefe
thou
hast
despoyled
hys
goodes
,
the
best
and
principall
treasures
of
hys
house
.
Thou
mayest
blesse
the
tyme
tenne
thousande
tymes
,
that
the
Aegyptians
yeelde
suche
honoure
to
straungers
:
and
packe
thee
hence
from
my
presence
wyth
the
rest
of
thy
mates
,
swearyng
by
my
crowne
,
that
if
hencefoorth
thou
bee
seene
within
the
borders
of
Aegypt
,
I
wyll
account
thee
as
myne
enemye
.
As
for
thy
minion
and
the
goodes
thou
hast
broughte
,
I
shall
reserue
,
tyll
suche
tyme
as
the
Grecian
shall
come
to
reclayme
them
.
By
these
meanes
(
sayd
the
priestes
)
came
Helena
into
Aegypt
,
whereof
also
Homer
hymselfe
seemed
not
to
bee
ignoraunt
,
but
of
purpose
rather
(
for
that
it
fell
not
out
so
fittingly
for
hys
verse
)
hee
chose
the
other
,
declaring
notwythstandyng
that
some
such
fame
as
thys
was
bruted
abroade
,
whyche
appeareth
manifestly
in
hys
Illiads
,
where
making
mention
of
the
voyage
of
Alexander
,
he
affyrmeth
,
that
by
meanes
of
a
contrarye
wynde
,
hee
was
tossed
by
sea
,
and
recouered
the
lande
at
the
city
Sydon
in
Phaenicia
:
reade
the
verses
that
are
framed
by
hym
in
the
prayse
of
Diomedes
,
in
whych
place
these
lynes
are
founde
.
There
were
the
cloakes
of
gorgeous
hue
so
braue
and
princely
dight
,
Made
by
the
dames
of
Sydony
,
sold
to
the
seemely
wight
Kyng
Pryams
sonne
,
that
stale
hymselfe
a
wyfe
of
royall
race
,
Queene
Helene
hyghte
,
retyryng
home
,
vnto
his
natyue
place
.
Touching
the
same
in
his
Odyssea
in
these
verses
.
This
poyson
quycke
and
valerous
whych
Polydamna
gaue
The
wyfe
of
Thonis
,
Helen
brought
,
and
carefully
dyd
saue
.
Great
store
whereof
in
droughty
soyle
of
scorched
Aegypt
groe
Some
soueraigne
good
,
and
othersome
the
cause
of
present
woe
.
In
like
maner
to
Telemachus
,
Menelaus
speaketh
in
this
wise
.
And
when
I
sought
to
leaue
the
land
of
Aegypt
,
and
retyre
,
God
hyndred
,
whome
I
left
vnserued
by
vowes
and
sacred
fyre
.
In
these
verses
Homer
confesseth
that
he
knewe
of
the
wandering
of
Alexander
into
Aegypt
,
forsomuch
as
the
countrey
of
Syria
is
bounding
vpon
Aegypt
,
and
the
people
Phaenices
vnto
whome
the
city
Sydon
is
belonging
are
resyaunt
in
Syria
.
As
well
these
therefore
as
also
the
place
it selfe
,
are
no
small
proofe
,
nay
rather
a
most
valerous
argumente
,
that
the
verses
wherein
it
is
sayde
,
that
Alexander
conueying
Helen
from
Greece
in
three
dayes
space
,
wyth
a
prosperous
gale
,
and
quyet
sea
,
arryued
at
Troy
,
were
rather
intruded
by
some
other
poet
then
inuented
by
Homer
,
who
contrarywyse
in
hys
Illiads
maketh
mention
of
his
errour
by
sea
.
To
leaue
Homer
,
and
come
to
the
affayres
of
the
Troianes
,
being
desirous
to
vnderstand
of
what
truth
these
things
were
Troy
,
I
sollicited
the
matter
with
the
priestes
of
Aegypt
,
who
tolde
me
in
such
manner
as
themselues
beforetime
had
beene
aduertised
by
Menelaus
.
After
the
flight
of
the
Lady
Helen
,
there
assembled
,
in
the
cause
of
the
kings
brother
Menelaus
,
a
puissant
armie
of
the
Graecians
,
who
embarking
themselues
into
Teucria
,
and
incamping
in
theyr
coastes
,
sent
in
ambassage
to
the
city
Troy
certayne
of
theyr
chiefe
peeres
and
nobles
,
amongst
whome
,
was
Menelaus
brother
to
the
Kyng
.
Beeyng
entered
the
city
,
they
made
clayme
of
the
Lady
Helena
,
with
the
goodes
and
treasures
shee
tooke
wyth
her
,
requyring
also
a
sufficient
satisfaction
to
be
made
for
the
iniurie
.
Wherevnto
the
Troianes
aunswered
,
that
they
spente
their
speech
in
vaine
,
to
rechallenge
eyther
women
or
goodes
of
them
which
they
neuer
sawe
,
alledging
,
that
the
thyngs
they
challenged
were
surprised
by
the
Aegyptians
:
neyther
was
it
reason
why
they
shoulde
beare
the
faulte
of
others
,
and
make
restitution
of
that
which
they
neuer
had
.
Howbeit
,
the
Greekes
imagining
they
had
spoken
it
in
derision
,
to
shift
off
the
siege
for
the
tyme
,
bent
theyr
whole
force
agaynst
the
towne
,
continuing
the
siege
and
batterie
so
long
,
tyll
they
had
brought
it
to
vtter
ruyne
and
subuersion
.
The
citie
taken
,
when
Helena
could
not
be
founde
,
and
the
same
aunswere
was
rendered
the
Graecians
as
before
,
they
gaue
credite
at
length
to
theyr
wordes
,
and
sente
Menelaus
into
Aegypt
to
the
courte
of
Protheus
,
whether
beeyng
come
,
and
declaryng
the
cause
of
hys
arriuall
to
the
Kyng
,
he
gaue
him
greate
entertaynemente
,
restoring
vnto
him
hys
Lady
with
all
his
treasure
,
without
any
manner
of
losse
or
imbeselment
.
Neuerthelesse
,
Menelaus
for
all
this
courtesie
Aegypt
:
to
knowe
the
state
of
hys
voyage
,
what
fortune
should
thereafter
betide
vnto
hym
,
he
tooke
two
children
of
the
Aegyptians
,
slewe
them
,
and
paunched
out
theyr
bowels
,
whereby
to
take
view
of
his
future
successe
.
Which
beyng
knowne
,
and
perceyuing
hymselfe
to
be
mortally
hated
and
pursued
of
the
inhabitauntes
,
he
sped
hym
thence
into
the
Isles
of
Africa
lying
ouer
against
them
,
from
whence
also
makyng
as
good
haste
as
he
coulde
,
the
Aegyptians
heard
no
more
tydyngs
of
hym
.
Of
all
these
things
they
were
partly
informed
by
the
knowledge
of
hystories
,
beeyng
much
more
certayne
of
such
thyngs
as
were
done
in
theyr
countrey
.
Thus
farre
the
priestes
of
Aegypt
proceeding
in
discoursing
of
Helena
,
whereto
I
adde
thys
surmize
of
myne
owne
,
that
if
Helena
had
beene
in
Troy
,
no
doubt
for
ought
that
Alexander
could
haue
sayde
or
done
,
Graecians
.
For
who
woulde
thynke
that
Kyng
Pryamus
wyth
the
residue
of
that
lignage
were
so
madde
,
that
to
the
ende
Alexander
might
enioy
the
delighte
of
hys
Lady
,
would
imperill
theyr
owne
lyues
and
theyr
childrens
,
with
the
flourishing
estate
of
so
famous
a
citie
.
In
whych
fond
opinion
,
if
in
case
they
had
bene
at
the
beginning
,
yet
vndoubtedly
they
woulde
haue
recanted
at
length
when
as
many
valiaunt
souldyers
of
the
Troianes
,
and
two
or
three
of
the
Kings
owne
sonnes
,
(
if
any
credit
may
be
geuen
to
the
poets
)
were
most
lamentably
slaine
by
the
Graecians
in
fight
.
By
these
things
I
am
driuen
to
coniecture
,
that
if
Helena
had
beene
in
their
keeping
,
Pryamus
to
rayse
the
siege
from
the
walles
of
hys
city
,
woulde
willingly
haue
wrought
meanes
to
restore
her
agayne
.
Neyther
was
Alexander
heyre
apparaunt
to
the
crowne
,
so
that
his
father
beeyng
crooked
wyth
age
,
the
administration
of
the
kyngdome
shoulde
rest
in
hys
gouernemente
,
one
there
was
betweene
hym
and
home
,
namely
hys
brother
Hector
,
as
well
in
number
of
yeares
hys
elder
,
as
in
noblenesse
of
mynde
hys
better
,
whome
it
behoued
not
to
smooth
vp
his
brother
in
hys
filthy
leachery
,
seeing
such
imminent
perill
to
threaten
not
onely
himselfe
,
but
also
the
whole
kyndred
and
nation
of
the
Troianes
.
But
it
was
the
iust
plague
of
God
inflicted
vppon
them
for
their
wickednesse
,
that
they
shoulde
neyther
delyuer
Helena
whome
they
had
not
,
nor
be
credyted
of
the
Graecians
,
to
whome
they
fayned
not
,
to
the
ende
all
men
myght
learne
,
that
they
whyche
stryke
wyth
the
swoorde
,
shall
be
beaten
with
the
scabberde
,
being
euermore
seene
,
that
vpon
greeuous
iniuries
the
gods
alwayes
powre
downe
greeuous
reuengements
.
Thus
much
I
thought
conuenient
to
speake
of
mine
owne
fancye
.
After
the
deceasse
of
Protheus
,
Kampsinitus
tooke
vppon
hym
the
rule
of
the
countrey
,
who
in
memorie
of
himselfe
,
Vulcane
,
right
ouer
agaynst
the
whych
,
stoode
two
images
of
fyue
and
twentye
cubites
in
length
.
One
of
the
which
standyng
northerly
,
they
call
sommer
,
and
the
other
lying
to
the
west
,
they
tearme
winter
,
contrary
to
all
reason
and
order
.
This
King
in
aboundance
of
wealth
,
and
plenty
of
coyne
,
so
farre
excelled
all
those
that
came
after
hym
,
that
none
coulde
go
beyonde
him
,
no
not
approch
neere
vnto
hym
in
that
kynde
:
wherefore
desirous
to
possesse
hys
goodes
in
safetie
,
hee
builte
hym
a
treasurie
or
iewellhouse
of
stone
,
one
of
the
walles
whereof
bounded
vpon
the
outsyde
of
hys
courte
.
In
framing
whereof
,
the
workeman
Theyr
father
beeing
dead
,
they
made
no
long
delay
to
put
in
execution
theyr
determinate
purpose
,
but
repayring
to
the
court
by
night
,
they
found
the
stone
,
which
with
small
force
remoouing
it
from
the
place
,
they
sped
themselues
wyth
plentie
of
coyne
,
and
so
departed
.
In
shorte
space
after
the
Kyng
entering
hys
treasurie
,
and
fyndyng
the
vessels
wherein
hys
money
lay
to
be
somewhat
decreased
,
was
exceedingly
amazed
,
not
knowing
whome
to
accuse
,
seeyng
both
hys
seales
,
whyche
he
had
set
on
the
dore
,
vntouched
,
and
the
dore
fast
locked
at
hys
commyng
thyther
.
Howbeit
,
repayring
sundrie
tymes
to
beholde
hys
wealth
,
and
euermore
perceyuing
that
it
grewe
lesse
and
lesse
,
deuised
with
hymselfe
to
beset
the
place
where
hys
money
lay
with
certayne
greens
or
snares
to
entrappe
the
theefe
in
.
These
subtile
merchaunts
accordyng
to
theyr
former
wont
approching
the
spring
head
where
they
had
dronke
so
oft
before
,
one
of
them
wente
in
,
and
groaping
for
the
money
,
was
so
fast
intangled
in
a
snare
,
that
for
hys
lyfe
hee
wist
not
how
to
shifte
,
but
seeyng
hymselfe
in
these
braakes
,
hee
called
hys
brother
,
to
whome
he
disclosed
hys
euill
happe
,
willing
hym
in
any
wise
to
cut
off
hys
head
,
least
beeyng
knowne
who
hee
was
,
they
both
myght
bee
serued
wyth
the
same
sauce
.
His
brother
hearing
hys
counsayle
to
be
good
,
did
as
he
bade
hym
,
and
fitly
placing
the
stone
as
hee
founde
it
,
departed
home
,
bearyng
wyth
hym
the
head
of
hys
slayne
brother
.
The
nexte
day
the
Kyng
opening
hys
iewell
house
,
and
espying
and
headlesse
theefe
surprised
in
a
ginne
,
was
woonderfully
astonied
,
seeing
euery
place
safe
,
and
no
way
in
the
world
to
come
in
or
out
at
.
In
this
quandary
,
vncertaine
what
to
thynke
of
so
straunge
an
euent
,
be
deuised
yet
to
go
another
way
to
the
wood
,
causing
the
body
of
the
theefe
to
be
hanged
out
vppon
the
walles
in
open
view
to
all
that
passed
by
,
appoynting
certayne
to
attend
in
that
place
,
with
straight
charge
,
that
if
they
hearde
any
making
moane
or
lamentation
at
the
sighte
thereof
,
they
shoulde
foorthwyth
attache
them
,
and
bryng
them
to
the
Kyng
.
The
Mother
of
these
two
Breethron
not
able
wyth
patiente
eyes
to
beholde
the
wretched
carkasse
of
her
pitifull
sonne
,
called
the
other
brother
vnto
her
,
aduising
him
The
Kyng
seeyng
hys
deuises
no
better
to
proceede
,
but
for
ought
he
coulde
imagine
the
theefe
still
beguyled
hym
,
waxed
woonderous
wrath
:
howbeit
,
determining
to
leaue
nothing
vnattempted
,
rather
then
to
let
such
a
villayne
escape
scotfree
,
he
built
yet
another
trappe
to
catch
the
foxe
in
.
He
had
at
that
time
abiding
in
hys
courte
a
goodly
gentlewoman
his
onely
daughter
,
whome
he
tenderly
loued
from
her
childhood
.
This
Lady
he
made
of
his
counsayle
,
willing
her
by
the
duety
of
a
chylde
,
to
a
bandon
chastity
for
the
time
,
making
hirselfe
a
common
stalant
for
all
that
would
come
,
on
condition
they
shoulde
sweare
to
tell
her
the
subtilest
and
the
sinfullest
prancke
that
euer
they
had
played
in
all
theyr
lyfe
tyme
,
and
who
so
confessed
the
facts
lately
atchieued
in
imbesileing
the
Kings
treasure
,
and
stealing
away
the
theefe
,
him
to
lay
hold
on
,
and
not
suffer
to
depart
.
The
gentlewoman
obeying
her
fathers
will
,
kepte
open
house
,
hauing
greate
repayre
vnto
her
out
of
all
partes
of
the
countrey
.
Now
the
theefe
whyche
knewe
full
well
to
what
intente
the
Kyng
had
done
thys
,
desirous
to
bee
at
oast
wyth
hys
daughter
for
a
nighte
,
and
fearing
the
daunger
that
myghte
ensue
,
beeyng
of
a
verie
pregnaunt
and
readie
witte
,
deuised
yet
another
shifte
wherewythall
to
delude
the
Kyng
:
he
strake
off
the
hande
of
hys
brother
that
was
dead
,
and
closely
carying
it
vnder
his
cloake
,
he
repayred
to
the
place
where
the
Kings
daughter
lay
,
who
demaunding
hym
the
question
as
she
had
done
the
rest
,
receyued
of
him
this
aunswere
,
that
the
sinfullest
acte
that
euer
he
committed
,
was
to
cut
off
his
brothers
head
,
beeing
inueigled
in
a
snare
in
the
Kings
treasurie
,
but
the
subtilest
in
that
he
had
deceyued
a
sort
of
drouken
asses
,
whome
the
King
had
appoynted
to
watch
the
body
.
The
Lady
that
had
listned
to
his
tale
,
hearing
the
newes
she
longed
for
,
stretched
out
her
hand
to
lay
hold
on
him
,
who
subtilly
presenting
her
with
the
hande
of
his
brother
,
(
which
beeing
darke
,
she
fast
griped
in
stead
of
his
owne
)
hee
conueyed
himselfe
from
her
and
was
no
more
seene
.
The
King
heereof
aduertised
,
was
stricken
with
so
great
admiration
as
well
of
his
wit
in
deuising
,
as
his
boldnesse
in
aduenturing
,
that
forthwith
he
caused
notice
to
be
geuen
throughout
all
partes
of
his
gouernment
,
that
in
case
the
party
whiche
had
done
these
thinges
.
woulde
disclose
himselfe
,
and
stande
to
his
mercy
,
he
woulde
not
only
yeeld
him
free
pardon
,
but
also
indue
and
honour
him
with
so
princely
rewards
as
were
fit
for
a
person
of
such
excellent
wisedome
.
My
yonker
yeelding
credite
to
the
Kings
promise
,
came
foorth
in
presence
,
and
descried
himselfe
,
with
whome
Kampsinitus
ioyning
his
daughter
in
mariage
,
did
him
the
greatest
honour
he
could
deuise
,
esteeming
him
for
the
wisest
man
that
liued
vpon
the
earth
,
holding
it
for
certayne
,
that
the
Aegyptians
excelled
all
others
in
wisedome
,
amongst
whome
he
iudged
none
comparable
to
hym
.
The
same
King
(
say
they
)
whiles
he
was
yet
liuing
,
trauelled
so
farre
vnder
the
ground
,
till
he
came
to
the
place
which
the
Ceres
,
and
sometimes
winning
sometimes
losing
,
he
returned
againe
at
length
,
beeing
rewarded
by
her
with
a
mantle
of
gold
.
In
the
meane
space
while
Kampsinitus
vndertooke
this
voyage
to
hell
,
the
Aegyptians
kept
holyday
,
prolonging
the
celebration
till
such
time
as
he
retyred
backe
againe
,
which
solemne
obseruance
,
since
our
memory
hath
bene
duely
celebrated
.
But
whether
this
be
the
cause
of
that
sacred
festiuall
,
I
dare
not
auowe
,
howbeit
,
the
priests
shewed
me
a
certayne
cloake
,
wouen
in
the
space
of
one
daye
,
wherewith
once
ayeare
they
attyre
some
one
of
theyr
petie
vicares
,
blinding
moreouer
hys
eyes
wyth
a
myter
.
Beeing
in
thys
sorte
attyred
,
they
conduct
hym
to
the
hygh
way
that
leadeth
to
the
temple
of
the
goddesse
Ceres
,
where
after
they
haue
placed
hym
,
they
leaue
hym
grabling
in
that
place
,
and
departe
their
waye
.
To
whome
incontinently
resorte
two
wolues
,
conducting
the
priest
to
the
temple
aforesayde
,
whyche
is
distaunte
from
the
city
twentie
furlongs
,
where
hauing
accomplished
certayne
rytes
,
the
wolues
leade
hym
backe
agayne
to
the
same
place
.
All
these
thyngs
they
doubt
not
to
reporte
for
certayne
true
,
which
we
leaue
to
euery
mans
lyking
to
iudge
of
them
as
they
deserue
.
For
myne
owne
parte
I
haue
thought
it
meete
to
make
relation
of
such
things
as
I
heard
amongst
them
,
going
no
farther
in
many
thyngs
then
he
aresay
.
Amiddest
the
infernall
powers
,
the
Aegyptians
affyrme
that
Ceres
and
Liber
haue
the
chiefe
authoritie
.
The
same
people
were
they
that
first
helde
opinion
that
the
soule
of
man
was
immortall
,
passing
from
one
body
into
another
Graecians
,
some
auncient
and
of
great
authoritie
,
others
of
later
dayes
,
vsurping
and
chalenging
it
for
theyr
owne
,
of
whose
names
I
am
not
ignoraunt
,
albeit
I
minde
not
to
recite
them
.
The
Aegyptians
likewise
mention
that
to
the
tyme
of
Kampsinitus
,
religion
,
iustice
,
and
true
order
of
gouernement
greatly
flourished
among
them
.
After
whome
,
the
royall
dignitie
came
into
the
handes
of
Cheops
,
a
man
fraught
with
all
kynde
of
vicious
demeanour
,
Arabicus
,
and
from
thence
,
to
conuey
them
to
the
riuer
Nilus
,
where
they
were
receyued
of
others
which
pheryed
them
ouer
the
riuer
to
the
roote
of
a
greate
hill
named
Africus
.
The
whole
number
of
those
that
were
conuersaunt
in
the
Kings
affayres
,
was
tenne
thousande
men
,
seruing
by
turnes
,
euery
three
monethes
a
thousand
.
In
which
manner
,
he
helde
the
people
the
space
of
tenne
yeares
,
in
all
whiche
tyme
,
they
did
nothyng
but
hewe
and
cary
stones
,
a
labour
of
no
lesse
importaunce
(
in
my
iudgemente
)
then
to
haue
built
the
pyre
it selfe
,
or
towre
of
stone
,
which
is
in
length
fiue
furlongs
,
in
breadth
tenne
paces
,
and
in
height
where
it
is
greatest
,
to
the
number
of
eyght
paces
,
beeyng
framed
of
stone
,
euriously
carued
and
ingrauen
with
the
pictures
of
beastes
.
Heerein
also
were
consumed
other
tenne
yeares
,
Hauyng
in
suche
sorte
finished
the
lower
worke
,
they
deuised
certayne
engines
or
wrestes
to
heaue
vp
stones
from
the
grounde
to
the
fyrst
stayre
,
and
from
thence
to
the
seconde
,
and
so
consequently
tyll
they
came
to
the
place
where
the
stone
shoulde
lye
,
hauyng
vppon
each
stayre
a
wreast
:
or
(
that
whyche
is
more
likely
)
vsing
one
for
all
,
beeyng
framed
of
lyght
wood
,
to
the
intente
it
might
the
more
easily
be
remooued
.
The
grosse
worke
finished
,
they
began
to
polishe
and
beautifie
the
towre
from
the
toppe
downewardes
,
comming
last
of
all
to
the
neathermost
stayre
,
wherein
they
made
a
finall
ende
and
conclusion
of
the
beautie
and
grace
of
all
theyr
woorkemanshippe
.
In
thys
pyre
,
were
intayled
certayne
letters
in
the
Aegyptian
language
,
declaring
the
expence
the
King
was
at
in
the
time
of
his
building
,
for
●ustardseed
,
oynyons
,
and
garlike
,
which
(
as
I
remember
)
the
interpreter
told
me
,
did
amount
to
the
summe
of
a
thousande
sixe
hundred
talents
.
If
this
were
so
,
how
much
shal
we
deeme
to
haue
bene
spent
vpon
other
things
,
as
vpon
tooles
,
engins
,
victuals
,
labouring
garments
for
the
workemen
,
being
tenne
yeares
busied
in
these
affayres
?
I
recken
not
the
time
wherein
they
were
held
in
framing
and
hewing
of
stones
to
set
them
in
a
readinesse
for
the
mayne
worke
:
neyther
all
the
space
that
passed
ouer
in
the
conueyance
and
cariage
of
the
stone
to
the
place
of
building
,
which
was
no
small
numbers
of
dayes
,
as
also
the
time
which
was
consumed
in
vndermining
the
earth
,
and
cutting
out
of
chambers
vnder
the
grounde
,
all
whyche
things
draue
the
King
to
such
a
narrow
straight
,
that
he
was
fayne
to
cloute
out
his
deuises
with
a
most
wicked
inuention
,
which
was
this
:
Perceiuing
his
golden
mine
to
draw
low
that
the
diuell
might
daunce
in
the
bottome
of
his
bagge
and
finde
neuer
a
crosse
,
he
made
sale
of
his
daughters
honestie
,
willing
hir
to
entertayne
tagge
and
ragge
all
that
would
come
,
in
case
they
refused
not
to
pay
for
their
pleasure
,
sithence
Venus
accepteth
not
the
deuotion
of
such
as
pray
with
empty
hands
and
threadbare
pursses
.
The
Lady
willing
to
obey
the
hestes
of
the
King
her
father
,
deuised
also
the
meane
to
prolong
the
memorie
of
herselfe
,
and
to
aduaunce
her
fame
to
the
notice
of
all
ages
that
should
ensue
,
wherefore
she
made
request
to
suche
as
had
accesse
vnto
her
,
to
giue
her
a
stone
to
the
building
and
erection
of
a
worke
which
she
had
determined
,
wherewith
(
as
the
brute
goeth
)
she
gaue
so
many
stones
as
serued
to
the
framing
of
a
whole
pyre
,
situate
in
the
middest
of
the
three
former
,
in
full
view
and
prospect
to
the
greatest
pyrame
,
which
is
euery
way
an
acre
and
an
halfe
square
.
Ensuing
the
raigne
of
Cheops
,
whose
kingdome
continued
the
space
of
fifty
yeares
,
the
chiefe
gouernement
was
committed
Cheops
,
are
wanting
in
this
,
besides
the
laborious
&
toilesome
worke
which
they
had
to
deriue
and
drawe
the
riuer
to
that
place
,
which
hath
his
course
through
the
middest
of
the
former
pyre
,
●emming
in
the
whole
Iland
wherein
it
is
situate
:
within
the
compasse
whereof
,
they
affirme
that
Cheops
himselfe
was
buried
.
By
whome
in
his
lifetime
,
an
house
was
framed
of
one
stone
alone
,
diuersly
coloured
,
which
he
had
out
of
the
countrey
of
Aethiopia
,
forty
foote
lower
then
the
pire
it selfe
,
yet
planted
and
built
vpon
the
selfesame
foundation
.
Chephrenes
also
(
by
the
computation
of
the
Aegyptians
)
ruled
the
countrey
fiftie
yeares
,
by
which
meanes
they
make
account
that
their
miserie
continued
an
hundred
and
sixe
yeares
,
al
which
time
,
the
temples
of
their
gods
were
vnfrequented
,
abiding
still
from
time
to
time
sealed
vp
and
vnopened
,
wherefore
these
princes
the
Aegyptians
will
not
name
for
the
hatred
they
beare
them
,
calling
their
pyres
the
towres
of
the
shepeheard
Philitio
,
who
at
that
time
kept
sheepe
in
those
places
.
Chephrenes
dying
,
yeelded
the
Kingdome
to
Mycerinus
,
Cheops
,
who
eschuing
the
wicked
acts
and
detestable
practises
of
his
father
,
caused
the
temples
to
be
set
open
,
giuing
libertie
to
the
people
being
so
long
distressed
vnder
the
gouernement
of
his
father
and
vncle
,
to
follow
their
owne
affayres
,
and
returne
to
their
auncient
custome
of
sacrifice
,
ministring
iustice
aboue
all
the
Kings
that
were
before
him
,
for
which
cause
,
none
of
all
the
princes
that
haue
borne
Mycerinus
,
if
we
may
beleeue
the
talke
of
those
that
in
the
same
city
of
Sais
are
professours
in
religion
,
forsomuch
as
there
are
seene
standing
in
that
place
certayne
mighty
images
made
of
wood
,
twentye
or
thereaboutes
in
number
,
the
most
parte
of
them
bare
and
naked
,
but
what
women
they
resemble
,
or
whose
pictures
they
be
,
I
am
not
able
to
alleadge
more
then
hearesay
,
notwithstanding
,
there
were
which
as
touching
the
gilded
oxe
,
and
the
other
images
framed
this
tale
,
that
Mycerinus
being
inamoured
of
his
own
daughter
,
dealt
vnlawfully
with
her
besides
the
course
of
nature
,
who
for
intollerable
greefe
hanging
her selfe
,
was
intombed
in
that
oxe
by
her
father
:
the
Queene
her
mother
causing
the
hands
of
all
her
gentlewomen
to
be
cut
off
,
by
whose
meanes
she
had
beene
betrayed
to
serue
her
fathers
lust
,
for
which
cause
(
say
they
)
are
these
images
portrayed
,
to
declare
the
misfortune
which
they
abode
in
their
lifetime
.
But
this
is
as
true
as
the
man
in
the
moone
,
for
that
a
man
with
halfe
an
eye
may
clearely
perceiue
,
that
their
hands
fel
offfor
very
age
,
by
reason
that
the
wood
through
long
continuance
of
time
was
spaked
and
perished
,
whiche
euen
to
our
memory
were
to
be
seene
lying
at
the
feete
of
those
which
were
portrayed
.
The
oxe
wherein
the
yong
princesse
lay
,
was
sumptuously
clad
,
and
arayed
all
the
body
wyth
a
gorgeous
mantle
of
Phenicia
,
hys
head
and
necke
beeyng
spanged
and
layde
ouer
with
braces
and
plates
of
golde
of
a
maruaylous
thickenesse
.
Betweene
hys
hornes
was
set
a
globe
or
circle
of
golde
,
glistering
as
the
sunne
.
Neyther
is
the
oxe
standing
and
borne
vp
vppon
hys
feete
,
but
kneeleth
as
it
were
on
hys
knees
,
equall
in
bignesse
to
a
great
heighfer
.
The
manner
is
once
a
yeare
to
bring
this
image
out
of
the
parlour
wherein
it
is
kepte
,
hauyng
first
of
all
well
beaten
and
cudgelled
a
certayne
image
of
one
of
After
this
,
there
befell
vnto
him
another
mischiefe
that
sate
as
neere
hys
skirtes
as
the
death
of
his
dilling
,
insomuch
that
he
was
readie
to
runne
beyonde
hymselfe
for
sorrowe
.
A
prophecie
arose
in
the
city
of
Butis
,
that
the
tearme
of
sixe
yeares
fully
exspired
,
the
Kyng
shoulde
ende
hys
lyfe
,
leauing
hys
Kyngdome
to
be
ruled
of
another
.
Whereof
the
Kyng
beeing
aduertised
,
and
greately
greeuing
at
the
rigorous
and
vniust
dealing
of
the
gods
,
sped
a
messenger
to
the
place
where
the
seate
of
prophecie
was
helde
,
to
expostulate
with
the
god
,
for
what
cause
(
since
hys
father
and
vnckle
who
had
beene
so
vnmindfull
of
the
gods
,
shutting
vp
their
temples
,
and
making
hauocke
of
the
people
had
liued
so
long
)
he
hymselfe
that
had
dealte
better
with
them
,
and
caused
these
thynges
to
bee
restored
agayne
,
shoulde
so
soone
be
depriued
of
the
benefite
of
lyfe
,
to
whome
aunswere
was
made
,
that
hys
dayes
were
therefore
shortened
because
hee
tooke
a
wrong
course
and
dyd
not
as
he
should
do
,
beyng
appoynted
by
the
celestiall
powers
,
that
the
countrey
of
Aegypt
should
suffer
miserie
,
and
be
afflicted
by
their
princes
the
space
of
an
hundred
&
fifty
yeares
,
which
the
two
former
princes
well
vnderstanding
,
was
neuerthelesse
by
him
neglected
and
left
vnperformed
.
Mycerinus
hearing
this
round
reply
,
and
perceiuing
that
his
thread
was
almost
spoon
,
set
al
at
reuell
,
making
great
prouision
of
lights
and
tapers
,
which
at
euentide
he
caused
to
be
lighted
,
passing
the
night
in
exceeding
great
mirth
and
princely
banquetting
,
letting
slip
no
time
wherein
he
either
wandered
not
alongst
the
riuer
,
and
through
the
woods
and
groues
of
the
countrey
,
or
entertayned
the
time
in
some
pleasaunt
deuises
,
following
all
things
that
might
eyther
breede
delighte
,
or
bring
pleasure
,
which
things
he
did
,
to
the
end
he
might
prooue
the
prophecie
false
,
and
conuince
the
god
of
a
lie
,
making
twelue
yeares
of
sixe
,
by
spending
the
nightes
also
as
he
did
the
dayes
.
Mycerinus
Aethiopia
.
There
be
of
the
Graecian
writers
that
suppose
thys
towre
to
haue
bene
erected
by
a
woman
of
notable
fame
,
called
Rhodope
,
who
misse
of
their
account
,
not
seeming
to
knowe
Amasis
,
many
yeares
passing
from
the
tyme
of
those
princes
that
planted
the
pyres
,
to
the
dayes
and
age
of
Rhodope
.
This
gallaunt
dame
was
by
countrey
a
Thracian
borne
,
the
bondmayd
of
one
Iadmon
,
whose
abiding
was
in
the
land
of
Samos
in
the
city
of
the
god
Vulcane
,
who
in
the
tyme
of
her
bondage
,
was
fellowseruant
with
Aesope
the
inuenter
of
fables
,
to
whome
this
smooth
minion
had
a
monethes
mind
and
more
,
for
which
cause
,
being
giuen
out
by
the
oracle
at
Delphos
,
that
it
mighte
be
free
for
any
man
to
slay
Aesope
that
would
,
and
take
pennaunce
for
his
soule
for
his
faulte
committed
,
there
was
none
found
that
would
put
him
to
death
,
but
the
nephew
of
Iadmon
that
came
by
his
sonne
,
who
was
also
named
Iadmon
:
whereby
we
may
gather
that
Aesope
was
a
slaue
and
vassall
to
Iadmon
.
The
death
of
Aesope
wounded
Rhodope
with
so
great
feare
,
that
she
tooke
her
flight
foorthwith
into
Aegypt
,
accompanyed
by
one
Xanthus
a
Samian
,
where
she
set
foorth
her selfe
to
the
sale
of
such
,
as
rather
then
Venus
should
be
shut
out
for
a
Sainct
,
thought
it
no
idolatrie
to
worship
idols
.
Whiles
shee
abode
in
Aegypt
,
shee
was
redeemed
and
acquit
of
her
seruitude
by
one
Charaxus
,
who
purchased
her
libertie
by
a
great
summe
of
money
.
This
Charaxus
was
of
the
countrey
of
Mitilene
,
sonne
of
Scamandronymus
,
and
brother
to
Sappho
the
notable
poetresse.
By
these
meanes
came
Rhodope
to
be
free
,
and
remayned
still
in
Aegypt
,
where
she
wanne
so
great
credite
and
liking
of
all
men
,
that
in
shorte
space
she
grewe
to
maruellous
wealth
,
beeing
such
as
farre
in
deede
surmounted
the
degree
of
Rhodope
,
but
yet
amounted
not
to
the
buylding
of
a
pyre
.
By
the
tenth
parte
of
whych
her
substaunce
,
it
is
easie
for
any
man
to
gesse
,
that
the
masse
and
summe
of
money
which
she
had
gathered
,
was
no
suche
myracle
as
it
is
made
to
be
.
For
studying
to
be
famous
and
remembred
in
Greece
,
she
deuised
a
worke
which
had
neuer
bene
imagined
or
geuen
by
any
other
,
which
in
remembrance
of
her selfe
she
offered
in
the
temple
of
Delphos
.
Wherefore
of
the
tenth
parte
of
her
riches
which
she
sente
to
the
temple
,
she
commaunded
so
many
yron
spittes
to
be
made
(
which
were
imployed
to
the
rosting
of
oxen
)
as
the
quantitie
of
the
money
woulde
afoorde
that
was
sente
thyther
by
her
.
These
spittes
at
this
present
stande
behynde
the
aultare
,
whiche
the
people
of
Chios
erected
iust
oueragainst
the
temple
.
Howbeit
,
such
arrant
honest
women
as
are
fishe
for
euery
man
,
haue
in
no
place
the
like
credite
,
as
in
the
city
of
Naucrates
.
Forsomuch
as
this
stalant
of
whome
we
speake
,
had
her
fame
so
bruted
in
all
places
,
as
almost
there
was
none
in
Greece
that
had
not
hearde
of
the
fame
of
Rhodope
.
After
whome
,
there
sprang
vp
also
another
as
good
as
euer
ambled
,
by
name
Archidice
,
whose
vertues
Mytelene
,
he
was
almost
besides
himselfe
,
as
Sappho
maketh
mention
,
inueyghing
in
verse
agaynst
hys
folly
.
We
haue
thus
far
digressed
to
speake
of
Rhodope
,
we
will
now
returne
to
the
text
agayne
.
Next
after
Mycerinus
,
ensued
the
raigne
and
dominion
of
Asychis
,
by
whome
(
as
the
priests
report
)
was
consecrated
to
Compare
me
not
to
the
rest
of
the
pyres
,
which
I
surmount
as
farre
as
Iupiter
excelleth
the
meaner
gods
,
for
searching
the
bottome
of
the
riuer
with
a
scoupe
,
looke
what
clay
they
brought
vp
,
the
same
they
employed
to
the
building
of
me
in
such
forme
and
bignesse
as
you
may
beholde
.
And
this
did
Asychis
imagine
to
aduance
the
fame
of
himselfe
to
the
time
to
come
.
After
whome
,
the
scepter
was
held
by
one
Anysis
a
blynde
man
,
inhabiting
in
a
city
called
after
his
owne
name
Anysis
.
In
time
of
whose
raigne
,
Sabbacus
King
of
Aethyopia
inuaded
Bubastis
,
called
in
our
speach
Diana
,
then
the
which
,
albeit
there
be
other
churches
both
bigger
and
more
richly
furnished
,
yet
for
the
sightly
grace
and
seemelynesse
of
building
,
there
is
none
comparable
vnto
it
.
Besides
,
the
very
entrance
and
way
that
leadeth
into
the
city
,
the
rest
is
informe
of
an
Ilande
,
inclosed
round
about
with
two
sundry
streames
of
the
riuer
Nilus
,
which
runne
to
either
side
of
the
path
way
,
and
leauing
as
it
were
a
lane
or
causey
betweene
them
,
without
meeting
,
take
their
course
another
way
.
These
armes
of
the
floud
are
eache
of
them
an
hundred
foote
broade
,
beset
on
both
sides
the
banckes
with
fayre
braunched
trees
,
ouershadowing
the
waters
with
a
coole
&
pleasant
shade
.
The
gate
or
entry
of
the
city
is
in
heighth
10.
paces
,
hauing
in
the
front
a
beautifull
image
.
6.
cubites
in
measure
.
The
temple
it selfe
situate
in
the
middest
of
the
city
,
is
euermore
in
sight
to
those
that
passe
to
and
fro
.
For
although
the
city
by
addition
of
earth
was
arrered
&
made
higher
,
yet
the
temple
standing
as
it
did
in
the
beginning
,
&
neuer
mooued
,
is
in
maner
of
a
lofty
&
stately
tower
,
in
open
&
cleare
viewe
to
euery
parte
of
the
city
.
Round
about
the
which
goeth
a
wall
ingrauen
with
figures
&
protraitures
of
sundry
beasts
.
The
inner
temple
is
enuironed
with
an
high
groue
of
trees
,
set
and
planted
by
the
hande
and
industrie
of
men
:
in
the
whiche
temple
is
standing
an
image
.
The
length
of
the
temple
is
euery
way
a
furlong
.
From
the
entrance
of
the
temple
Eastward
,
there
is
a
fayre
large
causey
leading
to
the
house
of
Mercury
,
in
length
,
three
furlongs
,
and
foure
acres
broade
,
all
of
faire
stone
,
&
hemmed
in
on
each
side
with
a
course
of
goodly
call
trees
planted
by
the
hands
of
men
,
and
thus
as
touching
the
description
of
the
temple
.
Likewise
they
make
mention
in
what
maner
they
shifted
their
hands
of
the
Aethiopian
prince
,
who
admonished
in
his
sleepe
by
Aegypt
,
&
to
cut
them
all
asunder
by
that
waste
:
which
the
King
pondering
in
his
mind
,
said
thus
,
I
wel
perceiue
that
the
gods
would
picke
a
quarrel
agaynst
me
,
that
by
the
doing
of
some
villany
or
other
,
I
might
either
incur
their
hatred
,
or
the
displeasure
of
men
,
but
since
the
time
of
my
rule
in
Aegypt
,
which
by
the
oracle
was
prefined
,
is
nowe
exspired
,
I
will
kindle
no
moe
coales
then
I
may
well
quenche
,
wherewith
departing
the
countrey
,
he
left
the
gouernement
to
the
seed
of
the
Aegyptians
,
&
retired
himselfe
into
his
owne
lande
.
For
abiding
beforetime
in
Aethiopia
the
oracles
which
the
Aethiopians
vse
,
gaue
out
to
the
King
,
that
he
shoulde
beare
rule
50.
yeares
in
Aegypt
,
which
time
being
finished
,
Sabbacus
sore
troubled
with
the
strange
sight
of
his
dreame
,
of
his
own
proper
wil
departed
the
listes
of
the
countrey
.
Insuing
whose
flight
,
the
blinde
King
forsaking
his
nest
in
the
fennes
,
came
out
,
&
shewed
his
head
againe
,
exercising
gouernement
as
he
had
done
before
,
hauing
wonderfully
inlarged
the
Iland
where
he
lay
,
with
addition
of
ashes
&
fresh
earth
.
For
whosoeuer
of
the
Aegyptians
came
vnto
him
either
with
grayne
or
other
prouision
,
his
manner
was
to
giue
him
in
charge
,
that
vnwitting
to
the
Aethiopian
prince
(
who
then
withheld
from
him
the
right
of
his
kingdome
)
he
should
present
him
with
a
loade
or
two
of
ashes
.
This
I
le
before
the
time
of
Amyrtaeus
was
vnknowne
to
any
man
,
named
in
the
Aegyptian
language
Elbo
,
being
in
bignes
.
10.
furlongs
.
Next
after
whome
,
the
title
ro
all
was
resigned
ouer
to
a
certaine
priest
called
Sethon
,
seruing
in
the
temple
of
the
god
Vulcane
Pelusia
,
on
which
side
only
Aegypt
lieth
open
,
and
may
be
inuaded
by
forreine
power
,
in
whose
cause
,
not
one
of
the
souldiers
would
mooue
a
foote
to
followe
him
out
of
dores
,
but
pedlers
,
tinkers
,
&
common
gadders
that
strayed
here
&
there
about
the
countrey
.
Being
arriued
at
the
place
before
named
,
in
the
night
season
,
there
came
into
the
tents
of
their
aduersaries
an
huge
multitude
of
field
mice
,
which
gnawed
their
quiuers
,
but
in
sunder
their
bowstrings
,
&
the
braces
off
their
shields
,
that
in
the
morning
being
disfurnished
of
their
armour
,
they
betooke
themselues
to
flight
,
not
without
the
losse
of
many
souldiers
.
Herehence
is
it
that
the
picture
of
the
same
prince
grauen
of
stone
,
is
seene
standing
in
the
temple
of
Vulcane
with
this
title
&
inseription
,
Learne
by
me
to
feare
God
.
Thus
far
Pyromis
,
which
name
they
tooke
by
discent
,
the
sonne
from
the
father
by
line
all
course
to
the
number
of
345.
whose
pictures
were
standing
in
the
same
oratory
.
These
Pyromes
(
as
they
termed
them
)
were
such
men
as
had
no
affinity
with
the
gods
,
neither
coulde
chalenge
their
progeny
of
any
one
of
the
chiefe
nobles
&
potentates
,
being
such
as
the
Grecians
call
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
that
is
,
an
honest
,
simple
,
&
wel
meaning
man
.
Of
which
sort
were
al
those
whose
monuments
were
extant
in
the
place
very
far
from
being
allied
with
any
of
the
gods
.
Before
these
men
,
the
gods
themselues
were
rulers
in
Aegypt
,
hauing
their
dwelling
and
abode
together
with
men
.
Notwithstanding
,
being
many
in
number
,
they
gouerned
not
the
countrey
all
at
once
,
but
some
one
of
them
for
a
time
,
or
ech
in
course
,
til
at
length
the
scepter
came
to
the
hands
of
Orus
sonne
of
Osiris
whom
the
Graecians
call
Apollo
.
The
last
&
yongest
of
al
the
gods
by
the
Grecians
account
,
are
Hercules
,
Dionisius
,
&
Pan.
Albeit
Pan
with
the
Aegyptians
is
a
grandsire
god
,
one
of
the
most
auncientst
among
them
,
in
the
number
of
those
eight
that
are
the
chief
&
principal
.
Hercules
is
reckned
in
the
number
of
the
xii
.
meaner
saints
.
Dionisius
among
those
that
are
called
y●
iii.
saincts
,
issued
of
the
xii
.
former
.
From
Dionisius
(
who
is
said
to
be
the
sonne
of
Cadmus
by
Semele
)
vnto
this
our
age
,
are
6000.
yeares
.
From
Hercules
sprong
of
Alcmena
to
this
time
welny
9000.
From
Pan
sonne
of
Mercury
,
begotten
of
the
Lady
Penelope
,
vnto
these
daies
wherin
we
liue
,
the
time
is
not
so
long
as
from
the
Troiane
war
,
to
wit
,
8000.
yeres
or
there
aboutes
.
In
all
these
thinges
we
leaue
it
free
to
euery
ones
fancy
to
follow
what
he
will
,
our selues
best
liking
of
the
common
opinion
which
is
generally
receiued
of
all
men
.
For
if
these
gods
beeing
renowmed
with
great
fame
in
Graece
,
had
Amphytrio
,
Dionisius
of
Semele
,
Pan
of
Penelope
)
happily
some
man
would
haue
sayde
that
the
Aegyptians
had
worshipped
some
other
gods
,
whiche
beeing
of
the
same
name
with
these
before
mentioned
,
were
notwithstanding
in
time
long
before
them
.
Nowe
the
Graecians
themselues
confesse
,
that
Dionisius
being
begotten
by
Iupiter
,
was
no
sooner
borne
,
but
he
cleaued
fast
to
his
fathers
thigh
,
and
was
caryed
away
by
hym
into
Nyssa
,
which
is
a
towne
in
Aethyopia
neere
vnto
Aegypt
.
Of
Pan
they
make
shorte
worke
,
as
ignorant
in
what
parte
of
the
worlde
after
his
birth
hee
was
broughte
vp
and
nourished
.
Whereby
it
is
easily
coniectured
,
that
the
names
of
these
gods
came
of
later
dayes
to
the
eares
of
the
Graecians
,
and
that
accordyng
to
that
notice
,
they
began
to
frame
for
eache
of
them
a
cradle
in
Greece
,
as
though
they
had
beene
borne
there
,
planting
more
vpon
hearesay
,
then
certaine
truth
.
Thus
farre
we
haue
followed
the
sayings
of
the
Aegyptians
,
from
hencefoorth
minding
to
set
downe
the
consente
of
others
,
wherein
they
accord
with
the
people
of
Aegypt
as
concerning
such
things
as
were
done
in
that
countrey
,
adding
thereto
such
matters
as
our selues
haue
bene
beholders
of
,
&
eyewitnesses
.
The
last
King
(
beeing
as
before
was
mentioned
the
priest
of
Vulcane
)
leauing
the
seate
imperiall
void
by
his
death
,
the
Aegyptians
Vulcane
,
should
be
King
alone
ouer
the
whole
land
.
When
the
sacred
rites
and
ceremonies
obserued
in
striking
of
league
&
making
couenant
were
duly
accomplished
,
it
liked
them
all
to
leaue
some
common
monument
or
worke
behinde
them
to
the
continuance
of
their
memories
,
which
they
did
,
making
a
labyrinth
or
maze
somewhat
aboue
the
poole
called
Maeris
toward
The
Maze
of
the
Crocodyles
:
for
if
a
man
would
frame
his
coniecture
according
to
the
report
which
the
Graecians
make
therof
,
measuring
the
walles
&
beauty
of
the
work
after
their
account
,
certes
he
shal
giue
but
a
beggerly
iudgement
of
so
sumptuous
&
magnificent
a
building
.
For
albeit
the
temple
of
Ephesus
be
an
excellent
&
worthy
monument
,
&
the
church
or
religious
house
of
Samos
,
yet
are
they
nothing
in
respect
of
the
pires
in
Aegypt
,
one
of
that
which
may
well
stand
in
comparison
with
all
the
renowmed
works
of
Greece
,
and
yet
euen
these
are
far
excelled
&
surmounted
by
the
labyrinth
.
In
this
princely
monument
are
12.
most
fair
&
sumptuous
haules
,
whose
gates
open
opposit
ech
against
other
,
6.
standing
north
neere
adioing
together
,
the
other
6.
south
,
garded
about
with
the
same
walls
.
The
roomes
and
lodgings
therein
conteyned
,
are
of
two
sorts
,
some
lower
,
wrought
cellar
wise
vnder
the
ground
,
other
aboue
these
,
being
together
in
number
three
thousand
and
sixe
hundred
.
Of
such
roomes
as
were
situate
in
the
seconde
story
,
our selues
had
the
full
sight
and
viewe
,
speaking
no
more
therof
then
we
beheld
with
our
eyes
,
following
in
the
rest
the
report
of
others
,
forsomuch
as
the
vnder
buildings
were
kepte
couert
from
the
sight
of
all
that
were
trauellers
,
because
in
them
lay
the
tombes
of
those
Kings
that
were
the
founders
of
that
place
,
with
the
bodies
and
dead
carkasses
of
the
sacred
Crocodyles
.
Thus
of
the
neathermost
house
we
speake
by
hearesay
,
of
the
lodgings
aboue
viewing
with
our
owne
eyes
,
more
straunge
&
wonderfull
miracles
then
could
be
wrought
by
the
helpe
of
men
,
for
the
sundry
turnings
and
windings
leading
from
one
chamber
to
another
,
did
wonderfully
amaze
and
astonish
my
wits
.
Out
of
the
great
haules
we
go
into
certaine
Maeris
,
neere
bounding
vnto
the
same
,
hath
(
in
our
iudgement
)
sundry
things
thereto
belonging
of
farre
greater
admiration
.
The
compasse
of
this
ponde
is
three
thousande
sixe
hundred
furlongs
,
and
sixty
Schoenes
as
they
tearme
them
,
conteyning
alltogether
as
much
space
as
the
sea
coast
of
the
countrey
of
Aegypt
.
The
length
of
the
poole
lyeth
North
and
South
,
being
in
deapth
where
it
is
highest
fiftie
paees
.
Now
that
it
hath
not
sprong
naturally
in
that
place
,
but
rather
hath
bene
wrought
and
digged
by
the
trauell
of
men
,
this
is
an
euident
proofe
,
for
that
welnye
in
the
middest
of
the
ponde
are
planted
two
mightie
towres
of
stone
appearing
fiftie
foote
aboue
the
water
,
and
beeing
as
much
vnder
.
On
the
toppe
of
ech
towre
is
a
great
image
wrought
of
stone
,
sitting
in
a
chaire
of
maiestie
,
so
that
the
towres
conteyne
in
heigth
an
hundreth
paces
.
An
hundreth
full
paces
do
make
a
furlong
of
sixe
acres
.
A
pace
conteyneth
sixe
feete
,
or
foure
cubites
.
A
foote
is
foure
times
the
breadth
of
the
hande
.
The
water
of
Moeris
is
not
naturally
flowing
from
any
spring
belonging
thereto
(
the
grounde
beeyng
exceedyngly
patched
and
drie
)
but
is
deriued
from
the
riuer
,
the
water
hauing
recourse
into
the
poole
euerie
sixe
monethes
by
ebbing
and
flowing
.
The
sixe
monethes
wherein
the
water
is
retyring
out
of
the
ponde
,
the
multitude
of
fishe
which
is
there
taken
,
increaseth
the
Kings
fiske
euery
day
by
a
talent
of
siluer
,
and
at
suche
time
as
it
refloweth
agayne
,
it
bringeth
aduantage
of
twentie
pounde
a
daye
.
Thys
poole
,
the
inhabitants
affyrme
,
searcheth
through
the
vames
of
the
earth
,
and
sheddeth
his
waters
into
the
Syr●s
or
quicke-sands
of
Africa
,
vndermining
a
secrete
course
into
the
mayne
land
towarde
the
countreys
of
the
West
,
fast
by
the
side
of
an
huge
mountayne
which
appeareth
ouer
the
city
Memphis
.
Now
forsomuch
as
I
could
not
discerne
how
all
the
molde
should
be
bestowed
that
was
cast
out
of
the
poole
at
the
firste
making
thereof
,
being
desirous
to
knowe
what
was
become
of
it
,
I
questioned
with
the
inhabitaunts
of
those
places
as
touching
the
same
,
whose
answere
was
,
that
it
was
employde
to
the
rampeiring
of
the
bankes
of
Nilus
,
and
much
of
it
throwne
downe
the
riuer
,
whose
speach
obteyned
the
more
credite
wyth
me
,
for
that
I
remembred
the
like
thing
to
haue
bene
done
at
the
city
Ninus
,
one
of
the
chiefe
cities
of
Assyria
.
In
this
city
it
fell
out
in
auncient
time
,
that
certayne
good
fellowes
wanting
siluer
,
determined
to
visit
the
Kings
treasurie
,
who
at
that
time
was
Sardanapalus
abounding
with
infinite
summes
of
treasure
,
which
for
that
it
lay
safely
garded
vnder
the
earth
in
houses
vndermined
for
the
purpose
,
these
yonkers
aforesayde
beginning
at
their
owne
houses
,
made
a
way
vnder
grounde
,
directly
leading
to
the
pallace
of
the
King
,
voyding
all
the
mold
which
they
digged
,
into
the
riuer
Tigris
by
night
,
which
floweth
fast
by
the
city
,
vntill
they
had
brought
their
enterprise
to
passe
.
After
the
same
manner
it
fell
out
in
Aegypt
,
in
casting
the
lake
of
Maeris
,
sauing
that
the
one
was
digged
by
night
,
the
other
by
day
,
but
in
this
also
,
the
greatest
parte
of
the
voyde
earth
was
cast
into
Nilus
,
and
dispersed
by
the
streame
.
And
in
this
manner
say
the
Aegyptians
,
was
the
poole
of
Maeris
firste
made
.
Now
when
as
the
12.
Kings
of
Aegypt
had
practised
equity
euery
one
within
his
owne
territory
,
they
drew
together
at
a
certaine
time
to
do
sacrifice
in
Vulcans
temple
,
where
(
as
the
maner
was
)
the
last
day
of
the
festiuall
,
the
priest
ministred
wine
vnto
them
in
certaine
chalices
of
gold
reserued
for
the
same
vse
,
where
happily
missing
of
his
number
,
hauing
but
xi
.
cups
for
xii
.
princes
,
Psammitichus
standing
last
,
tooke
from
his
head
a
brasen
costlet
,
and
for
want
of
a
cup
,
dranke
therein
.
In
lyke
maner
fel
it
out
with
the
rest
of
the
princes
,
that
euery
one
was
there
presente
in
his
headpeece
of
brasse
.
In
thus
doyng
,
it
was
deemed
that
Psammitichus
meante
no
crafte
or
legerde●ayne
,
but
had
a
playne
&
simple
meaning
.
Howbeit
,
it
could
not
sinke
with
the
rest
but
that
he
did
it
of
purpose
,
and
comming
in
mind
of
the
oracle
that
was
geuen
them
,
that
whosoeuer
dranke
of
a
brasen
chalice
,
should
vsurpe
the
whole
empyre
alone
:
weying
his
facte
,
and
finding
that
it
was
committed
by
errour
,
they
thought
it
not
meete
to
put
him
to
death
,
but
depriuing
him
of
the
greatest
parte
of
his
dominion
,
banished
him
into
the
marrish
countrey
,
with
especiall
threates
,
that
he
should
not
meddle
with
any
parte
of
the
countrey
besides
.
Notwithstanding
,
Psammitichus
hauing
put
to
flight
Sabbacus
the
Kyng
of
the
Aethyopians
,
and
chased
hym
into
Syria
,
after
this
conquest
was
acquit
of
hys
exile
,
and
restored
agayne
by
those
Aegyptians
which
are
of
the
tribe
of
Sais
,
wherefore
,
once
agayne
vsing
gouernement
wyth
the
rest
of
hys
confederates
,
for
the
olde
grudge
of
the
brasen
helmet
,
they
forced
him
to
take
the
fennes
agayne
.
Recounting
therefore
with
himselfe
Butis
,
which
of
all
the
seates
of
southsaying
is
of
greatest
truth
,
aunswere
was
giuen
him
to
be
of
good
courage
,
he
shoulde
haue
helpe
inough
by
brasen
men
that
shoulde
arise
from
the
sea
.
Which
prophecie
for
the
strangenesse
thereof
could
hardly
sincke
into
his
braines
,
to
make
him
hope
for
the
helpe
of
brasen
souldyders
.
Not
long
after
,
certayne
pyrates
of
Ionia
and
Caria
proling
alongst
the
seacoastes
for
their
pray
,
were
by
constraynte
of
weather
driuen
vpon
the
shores
of
Aegypt
,
where
going
on
lande
all
in
armour
of
brasse
,
a
certayne
Aegyptian
ranne
to
Psammitichus
in
the
fennes
,
and
for
that
he
had
neuer
before
seene
any
in
the
like
array
,
he
tolde
him
that
certayne
brasen
men
were
sproong
out
of
the
sea
to
waste
and
despoyle
the
countrey
.
Psammitichus
reknowledging
the
truth
of
the
prophecie
,
foorthwith
ioyned
himselfe
in
amitie
with
the
rouers
,
inducing
them
by
great
and
large
promises
to
abide
with
him
,
which
being
by
him
in
like
sorte
obteyned
,
with
this
fresh
supply
of
forreyne
ayde
,
and
the
helpe
of
such
Aegyptians
as
fauoured
his
cause
,
he
prouided
against
the
rest
of
the
princes
.
Hauing
the
whole
gouernemente
alone
,
he
made
in
the
city
of
Memphis
certayne
porches
sacred
to
the
god
Vulcane
,
lying
vpon
the
South
winde
,
and
oueragainst
the
porches
a
fayre
large
haule
dedicated
to
Apis
,
wherein
the
god
Apis
at
suche
time
as
he
appeared
,
was
releeued
and
nourished
.
This
place
was
beset
round
with
stately
pillers
,
and
ingrauen
with
sundrie
similitudes
and
imbossements
of
beastes
,
foules
,
and
fishes
.
Wherein
also
in
place
of
some
pillers
are
planted
diuers
fayre
images
of
no
lesse
then
twelue
cubites
in
bignesse
.
To
these
forreiners
of
Caria
and
Ionia
,
by
whome
he
was
holpen
in
his
warres
,
Psammetichus
gaue
certayne
manner
places
to
dwell
in
,
lying
on
each
side
of
the
riuer
Nilus
called
the
Tentes
,
whereof
beeing
possessed
,
he
performed
all
such
promises
besides
that
were
couenaunted
betweene
them
.
Moreouer
,
he
put
vnto
them
certayne
yong
impes
of
the
Aegyptians
to
be
instructed
in
the
Greeke
language
,
from
whome
,
by
discent
of
issue
came
those
which
are
now
interpreters
in
Aegypt
,
and
vse
the
Greeke
tongue
.
A
long
time
did
the
people
of
Ionia
and
Caria
inhabite
those
places
lying
against
the
sea
,
somewhat
aboue
the
city
of
Bubastis
,
situate
at
the
mouth
of
Nilus
,
which
is
called
Pelusiacum
,
from
whence
,
they
were
afterwardes
translated
by
King
Amasis
into
the
city
Memphis
to
gard
him
against
the
Aegyptians
.
After
the
Greekes
were
thus
setled
in
Aegypt
,
the
people
of
Greece
had
traffique
thither
,
by
which
meanes
,
such
affayres
as
were
atchieued
in
that
countrey
from
Psammitichus
following
,
are
certaynely
knowne
of
vs
without
any
errour
.
These
were
the
first
that
inhabited
Aegypt
,
being
of
a
diuers
language
from
the
homelings
.
In
like
manner
,
from
whence
they
fleeted
thither
,
the
reliques
of
their
ships
wherein
they
came
,
the
olde
postes
and
groundreels
of
their
houses
were
shewed
me
.
And
these
were
the
meanes
whereby
Psammitichus
obteyned
the
dominiou
of
Aegypt
.
As
touching
the
oracle
or
seate
of
prophecie
,
we
haue
made
many
wordes
,
and
will
make
more
,
as
of
a
thing
most
worthy
to
be
mentioned
.
This
oracle
is
planted
in
the
temple
of
the
goddesse
Latona
in
a
great
city
named
Butis
standing
against
the
mouth
of
Nilus
which
is
called
Sebenniticum
,
into
the
which
they
haue
entry
that
from
the
vpper
parte
of
the
sea
cut
against
the
streame
.
In
this
city
also
are
the
temples
of
Apollo
and
Diana
,
and
the
great
pallace
of
Latona
,
wherein
is
the
place
of
diuination
,
hauing
a
gallery
belonging
to
it
tenne
paces
high
.
Heerein
suche
things
as
might
lawfully
be
seene
,
and
deserued
greatest
admiration
,
of
those
I
meane
to
make
report
.
In
this
temple
of
Latona
is
a
small
chappell
framed
of
one
stone
,
whose
walles
beeing
of
equall
heigth
,
were
in
length
forty
cubites
:
which
semblably
was
coped
ouer
the
top
with
another
stone
,
beeing
foure
cubites
in
thickenesse
.
Wherefore
of
all
those
things
that
were
pertayning
to
the
temple
,
there
was
nothing
that
deserued
greater
woonder
then
this
little
chappell
.
Next
to
this
is
an
Ilande
called
Echemmis
standing
in
the
middest
of
a
deepe
and
wide
lake
a
little
besides
the
chiefe
Apollo
,
a
greate
and
sumptuous
building
,
lykewyse
three
rewes
of
aultares
,
and
many
fayre
palme-trees
,
some
very
kynde
and
bearing
fruite
,
other
fruitelesse
and
barren
.
The
Aegyptians
also
render
a
cause
of
the
swimming
of
this
Ilande
,
saying
thus
:
that
at
what
time
Latona
(
which
is
one
of
the
eyght
saints
that
are
of
greatest
antiquity
amongst
them
)
dwelt
in
the
city
of
Butis
whereas
nowe
the
oracle
is
helde
:
she
tooke
the
sauegard
of
Apollo
commended
vnto
her
Isis
,
and
preserued
hys
lyfe
in
the
same
Ilande
,
beeyng
at
that
tyme
stedfast
and
immoueable
,
when
as
Typhon
made
so
diligente
searche
in
all
places
to
finde
out
the
sonne
of
Osyris
.
For
heere
we
must
vnderstande
,
that
thys
people
imagine
Apollo
and
Diana
to
be
the
children
of
Dionisius
and
Isis
,
and
that
Latona
was
but
theyr
nourse
and
bringer
vp
,
that
delyuered
them
from
perill
.
Apollo
in
the
Aegyptian
tongue
is
called
Horus
.
Ceres
hath
the
name
of
Isis
:
Diana
,
of
Bubastis
,
from
whence
Aeschilus
the
sonne
of
Euphorion
drew
his
opinion
,
which
alone
of
all
the
rest
of
the
poets
maketh
Diana
daughter
to
Ceres
,
after
which
euent
,
the
Ile
(
say
they
)
became
loose
,
and
was
marked
to
floate
and
mooue
in
the
water
.
Psammitichus
gouerned
in
Aegypt
54.
yeares
,
29.
of
the
Syria
,
which
at
length
he
subdued
.
This
city
is
called
Azotus
,
which
of
all
the
cities
that
euer
wee
hearde
of
,
susteyned
the
longest
assaulte
.
Insuing
the
raigne
of
Psammitichus
,
the
gouernemente
of
the
countrey
fell
to
Necus
hys
sonne
:
by
whome
,
first
of
all
Persian
.
The
length
of
thys
course
was
foure
dayes
sayling
,
the
breadth
such
,
as
two
reasonable
vessels
of
three
oares
apeece
might
well
sayle
in
it
together
.
The
water
which
is
deriued
from
Nilus
into
this
channell
,
floweth
into
it
alittle
aboue
the
city
Bubastis
,
against
a
towne
of
Arabia
named
Patumon
,
and
so
continueth
hys
course
vnto
the
red
Sea
.
They
beganne
first
to
digge
from
the
playne
of
Aegypt
towardes
Arabia
,
for
all
the
countrey
aboue
the
playne
is
filled
and
occupyed
wyth
a
course
of
greate
mountaynes
neere
vnto
the
citie
Memphis
,
wherein
are
many
pittes
and
quarries
of
stone
,
wherefore
from
the
roote
of
thys
mountayne
is
the
channell
deriued
,
continuing
a
long
course
towardes
the
East
,
vntyll
it
come
to
the
place
where
the
hyll
parteth
in
twayne
,
whyche
distaunce
and
separation
betweene
the
mountaynes
openeth
to
the
South
regions
,
and
leadeth
to
the
narrow
seas
of
Arabia
.
In
the
digging
of
thys
course
there
perished
an
hundred
and
twentie
thousande
of
the
people
of
Aegypt
.
When
thys
enterprise
was
halfe
done
,
Necus
brake
off
and
lefte
it
vnfinished
,
being
discouraged
by
a
prophecie
that
tolde
hym
that
hee
toyled
for
the
profite
and
behoofe
of
a
Barbarian
.
The
Aegyptians
tearme
them
all
Barbarians
which
are
of
a
sundry
language
.
Necus
therefore
leauing
hys
worke
vnfinished
,
applyed
hys
studie
to
the
prouision
of
warre
,
gathering
souldyers
,
and
preparing
a
fleete
of
warring
Shippes
,
some
of
the
which
were
builte
at
the
North
Seas
,
others
in
the
strayghtes
of
Arabia
at
the
red
Sea
,
some
tokens
whereof
are
yet
to
be
seene
in
the
same
places
.
Thys
Fleete
he
employed
in
hys
affayres
continuallie
so
long
as
it
fitted
hym
to
the
vse
of
warre
.
Forsaking
afterwards
the
Sea
,
and
giuing
himselfe
to
Magdolos
,
he
wanne
the
renowne
of
the
fielde
,
and
after
the
battayle
was
ended
,
tooke
the
greate
city
Caditis
.
And
beeyng
very
neate
and
fine
in
hys
apparrell
,
he
sent
a
sute
of
hys
brauest
array
to
Apollo
in
Branchidae
,
a
certayne
field
of
the
Milesians
.
In
the
ende
,
after
he
had
held
the
Kingdome
seauenteene
yeares
,
hee
then
died
,
leauing
the
title
Aegypt
,
and
had
told
the
cause
of
their
arriuall
thither
,
the
King
assembled
such
of
the
Aegyptians
as
were
most
excellent
for
graue
and
sage
advice
aboue
the
rest
.
To
whome
,
when
the
Helians
had
made
discourse
of
all
those
things
which
they
had
ordeyned
in
the
setting
foorth
of
this
noble
combate
;
and
had
asked
the
Aegyptians
if
they
could
deuise
anything
better
,
after
deliberation
had
of
the
matter
,
they
asked
the
Helians
whether
they
had
inacted
that
citizens
should
mayntayne
the
controuersie
against
strangers
,
or
otherwise
,
who
aunswered
,
that
it
was
indifferently
lawfull
for
all
to
striue
of
what
countrey
soeuer
he
were
:
wherto
the
Aegyptians
replyed
,
that
it
coulde
no
wise
stande
wyth
iustice
,
forsomuch
as
one
citizen
would
shew
fauour
to
another
,
&
by
that
meanes
by
partial
dealing
do
iniurie
to
those
that
came
from
farre
,
so
that
in
case
they
would
order
the
matter
with
more
equity
,
and
for
that
cause
had
arriued
in
Aegypt
,
it
were
better
to
make
the
game
for
strangers
alone
,
not
suffering
any
of
the
Helians
to
striue
.
These
things
the
Aegyptians
put
into
theyr
heads
and
sent
them
packing
.
Psammis
hauing
raigned
full
Aethyopla
,
incontinently
dyed
.
After
whome
,
succeeded
his
sonne
Apryes
the
most
fortunatest
of
all
the
princes
that
had
ruled
before
him
,
excepting
Psammiti
〈…〉
his
great
graundfire
,
gouerning
the
countrey
25.
yeares
.
During
which
time
,
he
warred
vpon
Sydon
and
fought
with
the
people
of
Tyrus
by
Sea
.
Howbeit
,
fortune
owing
him
a
despight
,
she
payde
him
home
at
length
,
the
cause
where
of
,
we
withriefely
touch
at
this
present
,
deferring
a
more
ample
discourse
of
the
same
,
till
we
come
to
speake
of
the
affayres
of
the
Punickes
.
When
as
therefore
vndertaking
a
iourney
against
the
Cyrenians
he
had
suffered
great
losse
of
his
men
:
the
Aegyptians
continuing
hatred
against
him
,
denied
their
allegeaunce
&
rebelled
,
supposing
that
he
had
betrayed
their
liues
on
purpose
,
to
the
end
that
with
more
security
he
might
gouerne
those
that
remained
.
For
which
cause
in
great
disdayne
,
aswell
such
as
forsooke
him
&
returned
home
,
as
also
the
friends
of
these
that
had
died
in
the
battell
,
stoode
at
defiance
with
the
king
,
renounceing
all
duties
of
subiection
.
Apryes
witting
hereof
,
sent
Amasis
to
treate
peace
with
them
:
who
,
when
he
came
&
in
many
words
had
rebuked
their
disloyalty
,
one
of
the
Aegyptians
standing
behinde
him
clapt
a
Costlet
on
his
head
,
saying
hee
had
done
it
to
Apryes
.
Apryes
vnderstanding
this
,
sent
one
of
the
Aegyptians
named
,
Patarbemes
a
man
of
approued
vertue
,
with
especiall
charge
to
bring
to
him
Amasis
alyue
.
Who
arryuing
speedely
at
the
place
where
hee
was
:
tolde
him
the
Kinges
pleasure
.
Amasis
sittinge
on
horse
backe
and
incouraginge
those
that
were
about
him
,
commaunded
Patarbemes
to
bring
Apryes
vnto
him
:
Patarbemes
once
agayne
willing
him
to
make
speede
to
the
King
,
who
had
sente
for
him
:
hee
answered
that
hee
woulde
come
with
all
speede
possible
,
sayinge
,
that
the
Kinge
shoulde
haue
no
cause
to
complayne
of
his
slacknesse
,
for
hee
purposed
,
god
willing
,
to
bee
with
him
shortely
,
and
bringe
him
more
company
.
Patarbemes
perceiuinge
by
his
maner
of
speache
and
dealinges
what
hee
was
mynded
to
doe
,
thought
with
as
much
speede
as
hee
coulde
to
geue
notice
to
the
King
:
and
being
returned
,
Apryes
in
a
great
rage
,
for
that
hee
had
lefte
Amasis
behinde
him
,
without
any
woordes
,
by
and
by
commaunded
his
Nose
and
his
Cares
to
bee
cut
of
.
The
rest
of
the
Aegyptians
that
followed
the
Kinges
partes
seeing
this
,
that
so
worthy
and
renowmed
a
man
should
without
cause
suffer
so
great
shame
and
reproche
amongst
them
,
without
any
delay
fled
ouer
to
the
rebelles
and
came
to
Amasis
.
Apryes
increasing
his
fury
,
put
in
armoure
all
such
as
of
forrayne
countries
were
hyrelinges
in
his
hoste
(
which
hee
had
of
Iönia
and
Caria
,
aboute
thirty
thowsande
men
)
and
marched
agaynst
the
Aegyptians
.
Hee
had
in
the
City
Saïs
a
very
great
&
gorgeous
Pallace
.
The
armyes
therefore
of
bothe
parties
,
incamped
agaynst
other
at
the
City
Memphis
,
there
to
abide
the
lot
and
euent
of
the
battayle
.
Nowe
the
people
of
Aegypt
are
diuersly
addicted
,
amongst
whom
are
to
bee
marked
seuen
sundry
Trades
and
kindes
of
lyuing
:
which
are
these
:
Priests
,
Souldiers
,
Grasiers
,
Neate-heardes
,
Salesmen
,
Interpreters
,
Maryners
:
so
many
kindes
bee
there
of
this
people
,
taken
of
the
Trade
or
crafte
which
euery
one
followeth
.
Likewise
,
the
souldiers
are
called
Calasiries
and
Hermotybies
dwelling
in
certayne
regions
.
For
the
whole
countreye
of
Aegypte
is
distinguished
into
certaine
territories
.
The
coastes
of
the
Hermotybies
are
these
.
Busiris
,
Saïs
,
Chemmis
,
Papremis
,
and
the
halfe
parte
of
the
Iland
Prosopis
,
otherwise
called
Natho
.
In
these
quarters
are
inhabyting
of
the
souldiers
Hermotybies
160.
thowsande
,
none
of
the
which
geue
themselues
to
manuary
artes
or
any
trade
of
gayne
,
but
wholly
practise
the
science
of
armes
.
Moreouer
,
to
the
Calasyrians
are
assigned
these
regions
:
Thebana
,
Bubastiana
,
Aphthitana
,
Tanitana
,
Mendesia
,
Sebenitana
,
Athribitana
,
Pharbaethitana
,
Thmuitana
,
Thnuphitana
,
Anysia
,
Myecphoritana
,
which
tribe
possesseth
an
Iland
lying
against
the
City
Bubastis
.
The
tribes
of
the
Calasyrians
,
when
they
are
mustered
to
the
most
,
yeelde
to
the
warre
two
hundred
and
fiftye
thowsand
men
,
which
are
neuer
trained
vp
in
any
thing
but
in
feates
of
Chiualry
,
the
Sonne
learning
of
his
father
.
Which
custome
,
whether
the
Greekes
tooke
from
the
Aegyptians
,
or
borowed
it
from
els
where
,
I
can
not
certainely
Scythia
,
Persia
,
and
Lydia
,
and
welnigh
all
the
countreyes
of
the
Barbarians
,
the
basest
sorte
of
Cityzens
are
such
as
exercise
handicraftes
,
and
their
children
of
leaste
accounte
:
and
they
best
regarded
which
are
leaste
conuersante
in
the
same
,
especially
such
as
are
employed
in
the
fielde
.
The
same
maner
also
doe
the
Grecians
obserue
,
and
chiefly
the
Lacedaemonyans
,
and
euen
amonge
the
Corinthyans
,
craftsmen
and
such
others
are
debased
to
the
lowest
degree
.
To
these
gentlemen
souldiers
,
this
chiefe
honour
is
assigned
Samos
.
A
thowsand
of
each
company
,
aswell
of
the
Calysirians
as
Hermatybians
,
did
yearely
geue
attendaunce
,
to
garde
and
defend
Memphis
,
they
closed
bartaile
:
where
the
hyred
souldiers
of
Apryes
acquited
them selues
very
valiauntly
,
till
at
the
length
(
being
fewer
in
number
)
they
were
put
to
flight
.
Apryes
was
perswaded
that
neither
god
nor
the
diuell
coulde
haue
ioynted
his
nose
of
the
Empyre
,
hee
seemed
so
surely
to
haue
strengthned
it
to
him selfe
.
Neuerthelesse
,
in
this
fight
hee
was
foyled
,
taken
a
liue
,
and
caried
to
his
owne
courte
in
Saïs
:
where
Amasis
kept
him
more
like
a
Prynce
then
a
prysoner
,
for
the
time
that
hee
lyued
.
At
length
the
Aegyptians
murmuring
againste
him
,
that
hee
did
not
well
to
reserue
a
liue
a
mortall
enemy
both
to
himselfe
and
the
whole
country
,
he
delyuered
vp
Apryes
into
their
handes
.
Whom
they
immediatly
toke
&
strangled
,
&
buried
Minerua
,
neere
vnto
a
certayne
Oratory
,
at
the
lefte
hand
as
you
enter
in
.
Being
the
vse
with
the
people
of
Saïs
to
burie
all
such
,
as
out
of
their
tribe
haue
attayned
to
the
kingdome
,
within
the
temple
.
For
the
toumbe
of
Amasis
is
placed
vppon
the
other
side
of
the
Oratory
,
contrary
to
the
Sepulcher
of
Apryes
and
his
Progenitours
.
Likewise
,
in
one
place
of
this
Temple
is
a
fayre
Chamber
builte
of
stone
,
beautyfied
with
sundry
Pyllers
ingrauen
like
vnto
Palme-trees
,
being
otherwyse
very
sumptuously
and
royally
garnished
.
In
the
middest
of
the
Chamber
are
two
mayne
Posts
,
betwene
the
which
standeth
a
Cophine
.
There
is
also
a
toumbe
in
the
same
,
the
name
whereof
I
may
not
descry
without
breache
of
Religion
.
At
Saïs
in
the
Temple
of
Minerua
,
beneath
the
Churche
and
neere
vnto
the
walle
of
Minerua
,
in
a
base
Chappell
,
are
standinge
certayne
greate
brooches
of
stone
,
whereto
is
adioyninge
a
lowe
place
in
manner
of
a
Dungeon
,
couered
ouer
wyth
a
stone
curiously
wroughte
,
the
Vaute
it selfe
being
on
euery
side
carued
with
most
exquisite
arte
,
in
biggnesse
matchinge
with
that
in
Delos
,
which
is
called
Trochoïdes
.
Herein
euery
one
counterfayteth
the
shadowes
of
hys
owne
affections
and
phantasies
in
the
nyghte
season
,
which
the
Aegyptians
call
Mysteryes
:
touchinge
which
,
god
forbid
,
I
should
aduenture
to
discouer
so
much
as
they
vouchsafed
to
tell
mee
.
In
lyke
manner
of
the
Decrees
of
Ceres
,
which
the
Grecians
terme
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
that
is
to
say
,
the
publishinge
of
Lawes
and
Ordynances
:
of
these
matters
I
dare
not
bee
very
francke
in
speakinge
,
no
further
then
religion
wyll
permit
.
This
is
certayne
,
that
the
Daughters
of
Danaeus
were
the
firste
that
brought
this
custome
oute
of
Aegypte
,
and
made
it
knowne
to
the
women
of
Pelasgos
.
But
afterwardes
mislyked
of
the
Dores
,
it
was
vtterly
abolyshed
and
lefte
off
in
all
the
Countrey
of
Peloponnesus
,
sauinge
of
certayne
Arcadians
,
whom
the
people
of
Peloponnesus
lycensed
to
contynewe
in
the
Countrey
,
by
whome
the
same
order
was
retayned
.
Apryes
being
dead
Amasis
raygned
in
his
steede
being
of
the
Tribe
of
Saïs
,
and
trayned
vp
in
a
City
named
Suph
.
In
the
This
king
,
whiles
hee
lyued
without
honour
,
was
geuen
to
Minerua
,
a
worke
of
great
admiration
,
and
farre
passing
the
rest
,
both
in
heights
and
bignesse
,
so
great
is
the
quantity
of
the
stones
that
were
employed
in
the
building
.
Hee
erected
besides
in
the
same
place
,
diuerse
Images
of
a
wonderfull
size
,
&
the
pictures
of
many
noysome
and
pestilent
Serpents
.
Hee
layde
there
also
many
huge
stones
,
to
the
repayring
of
the
temple
,
parte
of
the
which
were
digged
out
of
the
stone
quarryes
by
Memphis
:
other
of
great
quantity
brought
from
the
city
of
Elephantina
,
which
is
distant
from
Saïs
20.
dayes
sayling
.
Moreouer
,
that
which
is
not
the
least
wonder
,
but
in
my
minde
to
bee
reckoned
amongst
the
chiefest
:
hee
brought
from
Elephantina
an
house
framed
of
one
Vulcane
:
before
which
lyeth
a
great
Image
with
the
face
vpwarde
,
in
length
seuenty
fiue
feete
,
being
spread
along
vppon
a
pauement
of
stone
:
in
the
selfe
same
place
on
eache
side
this
Image
,
stand
two
carued
monuments
of
stone
,
twenty
foote
in
quantity
.
Like
vnto
this
is
another
stone
in
Saïs
,
lying
in
the
selfe
same
maner
.
In
like
sorte
the
great
temple
in
Memphis
,
so
gorgeous
and
beautifull
to
the
sight
of
all
that
behold
it
,
was
the
handiwork
also
of
the
same
King
Amasis
.
In
the
time
of
this
Kinges
g●uernmente
Aegypt
floryshed
in
all
wealth
,
being
greatly
increased
,
aswell
by
the
ryches
which
the
ryuer
yeeldeth
,
as
in
other
reuenewes
which
the
people
receyue
by
the
countrey
,
which
at
the
same
time
was
so
populous
that
there
were
then
inhabited
20000
cityes
.
Likewise
,
by
this
Kinge
it
was
enacted
,
that
euerye
one
should
yearely
render
accounte
to
the
cheife
president
of
Which
lawe
Solon
borowing
of
the
Aegyptians
,
did
publish
it
in
Athens
,
and
is
by
them
,
for
the
profite
thereof
,
most
religiously
obserued
.
Amasis
vppon
good
affection
hee
bare
to
the
Grecians
,
besides
other
benefittes
franckly
bestowed
on
them
,
made
it
lawefull
,
for
all
such
as
trauayled
into
Aegypte
,
to
inhabyte
the
City
Naucrates
.
And
such
as
would
not
abyde
in
that
place
,
hauinge
more
mynde
to
sea●aring
for
the
vse
of
Marchaundize
,
to
those
hee
gaue
lybertye
to
Plant
aulters
and
builde
churches
.
So
that
the
greatest
and
most
famous
Temple
in
all
the
land
is
called
the
Grecian
temple
.
The
Cityes
of
the
Greekes
by
whose
charge
and
expence
this
temple
was
builte
in
Aegypte
,
were
these
:
of
the
countrey
of
Iönia
,
Chius
,
Teus
,
Phocoea
,
Clazomene
:
amongst
the
Dorians
foure
Cities
:
Rhodus
,
Cnydus
,
Halicarnassus
,
Phaselus
:
one
City
of
the
people
of
Aeolia
,
namely
,
Mitylene
.
To
these
Cityes
of
Greece
is
the
Temple
belonginge
,
by
whom
also
are
founde
and
mayntayned
certayne
Priests
to
serue
in
the
same
.
There
are
other
townes
besides
in
Greece
that
haue
some
righte
to
the
Temple
,
as
hauing
contributed
some
thinge
to
the
vse
of
the
same
.
Howbeit
the
Temple
of
Iupiter
,
the
people
of
Aegina
built
of
their
owne
proper
cost
.
No
City
toke
parte
with
Samos
in
setting
vp
the
Pallace
of
Iuno
:
the
Milesians
alone
tooke
vppon
them
to
erect
the
Temple
of
Apollo
.
Besides
these
there
are
no
other
monuments
built
by
the
Grecians
which
remayne
extant
in
Aegypt
.
And
if
by
fortune
any
of
the
Greekes
passe
into
Nylus
by
any
other
way
then
that
which
serueth
to
lande
from
Greece
,
hee
is
fayne
to
sweare
that
hee
was
constrained
agaynst
his
will
,
byndinge
him selfe
by
oath
that
in
the
same
Shippe
hee
wyll
speede
him selfe
into
Canobicus
,
another
Channell
of
the
Ryuer
so
called
:
and
if
by
contrarye
wyndes
hee
bee
hindered
from
arryuinge
there
:
hee
muste
hyre
caryage
by
water
,
and
so
ferry
the
nexte
way
to
Naucrates
.
In
such
sorte
were
the
Grecians
tyed
to
that
City
,
beinge
by
reason
of
their
trafique
thyther
,
had
in
principall
honoure
.
Nowe
whereas
the
Pallace
of
Amphiction
whiche
is
nowe
at
Delphos
,
beeing
straungely
pearyshed
by
fyre
,
was
gone
in
hande
with
a
freshe
,
vppon
price
of
three
hundred
tallentes
:
the
people
of
Delphos
which
were
leauyed
at
the
fourth
parte
of
the
charges
,
straying
aboute
all
countryes
,
gathered
very
much
,
being
chiefly
assysted
by
the
Aegyptians
.
Amasis
the
Kinge
,
bestowinge
on
them
a
thowsande
tallents
of
Asume
,
and
the
Grecians
that
were
abyding
in
Aegypt
twenty
pound
.
Moreouer
,
with
the
Cyrenaeans
Prynce
Amasis
entred
friendship
,
and
strooke
a
league
of
fellowship
with
the
same
,
insomuch
,
that
he
thought
meete
to
enter
as●yaunce
Greece
,
or
in
respecte
of
hys
loue
to
the
Cyrenaeans
.
His
wife
,
as
some
say
,
was
the
daughter
of
Battus
sonne
of
Arcesilaus
,
as
others
reporte
,
of
Critobulus
a
man
of
chiefe
credite
and
regarde
amongst
those
with
whome
he
dwelt
.
His
Ladies
name
was
Ladyce
,
a
woman
of
surpassing
beautie
,
with
whome
,
the
King
beeing
in
bed
,
was
so
strangely
benummed
,
and
daunted
in
courage
,
as
if
he
had
bene
an
Eunuch
,
not
able
to
execute
any
dutie
of
a
man
,
wherat
the
King
himselfe
beeing
greately
agast
,
feeling
himselfe
frollicke
in
the
company
of
other
women
,
and
so
faint
to
hys
Lady
Ladyce
,
on
a
time
began
to
taunt
her
in
these
tearmes
.
Can
it
be
thou
filthy
and
detestable
hagge
,
that
by
any
meanes
I
should
refrayne
from
doing
thee
to
the
most
miserable
death
that
can
be
deuised
,
which
hast
thus
inchaunted
and
bewitched
my
body
?
In
faith
minion
,
I
will
coniure
this
diuell
of
yours
,
and
assure
thy selfe
,
if
thy
lucke
be
not
the
better
,
thou
shalt
not
liue
two
dayes
to
an
ende
.
The
poore
Lady
standing
stiffely
in
her
owne
defence
,
and
nothing
preuayling
to
appease
his
fury
,
vowed
within
her selfe
to
the
goddesse
Venus
,
that
in
case
it
might
please
her
to
inable
Amasis
to
performe
the
duties
of
an
husband
,
and
accompany
with
her
the
same
night
,
she
would
dedicate
an
image
vnto
her
at
Cyrenae
.
Hir
prayers
being
heard
,
Amasis
became
so
frollicke
,
that
before
the
morning
they
arose
the
best
contented
folkes
on
the
earth
,
euer
after
that
finding
hymselfe
so
apt
to
enioy
the
delightes
of
his
Lady
,
that
he
tooke
greatest
pleasure
in
her
company
,
and
loued
her
most
entirely
of
all
other
.
Ladyce
remembring
her
vowe
she
had
made
to
Venus
,
thought
good
to
performe
it
,
and
framing
a
most
beautifull
and
curious
image
,
she
sente
it
to
the
city
Cyrenae
,
which
stoode
vnperished
vnto
our
dayes
,
being
placed
by
the
citizens
without
the
towne
.
The
same
Ladyce
,
Cambyses
King
of
Persia
vanquishing
Aegypt
vnderstanding
what
she
was
,
sent
her
without
any
manner
shame
or
violence
into
her
owne
countrey
.
By
this
King
Amasis
were
many
giftes
distributed
of
singulare
price
and
value
.
To
Cyrenae
he
sent
the
image
of
Minerua
,
garnished
all
ouer
wyth
gilt
,
and
his
owne
personage
most
curiously
shadowed
by
a
Paynter
.
Likewise
to
the
city
Lindus
he
gaue
two
images
of
the
goddesse
Minerua
wrought
in
stone
,
with
a
linnen
stomacher
most
excellently
imbrodered
by
arte
.
Moreouer
,
to
the
goddesse
Iuno
in
Samus
,
two
pictures
expressing
her
diuine
beautie
,
of
most
exquisite
workemanship
.
Which
bountie
he
exercised
towards
the
Samians
for
the
great
friendship
he
bare
to
their
King
Polycrates
the
sonne
of
Aeaces
.
But
to
the
city
Lyndus
,
why
he
should
shewe
hymselfe
so
franke
and
liberall
,
no
other
reason
serued
,
sauing
that
the
fame
wente
that
the
great
temple
of
Minerua
in
Lindus
was
builded
by
the
daughters
of
Danaus
after
they
were
knowne
,
and
had
escaped
the
daungers
intended
against
them
by
the
sonnes
of
Aegyptus
.
These
and
many
other
excellente
giftes
were
dispersed
and
giuen
abroade
by
King
Amasis
.
By
whome
also
the
city
Cyprus
which
was
deemed
of
all
men
inuincible
,
and
had
neuer
before
beene
vanquished
by
any
,
was
conquered
,
taken
,
and
brought
vnder
tribute
.
FINIS
.