THE
AMBASSADOR
.
I
Knowe
not
any
of
the
old
Writers
that
haue
purposedlie
handled
this
Argument
.
Polibius
indeede
hath
left
some
collections
de
Legationibus
,
but
not
de
Legato
.
The
reason
in
mine
opinion
is
,
that
none
were
called
ordinarily
to
this
charge
but
men
of
great
honour
,
virtue
and
experience
,
attained
,
by
hauing
passed
through
the
goodliest
and
greatest
charges
of
the
Common
wealth
,
as
I
will
after
shew
.
For
,
as
in
olde
time
there
was
no
punishment
ordained
for
Parricides
,
forasmuch
as
in
those
ages
of
innocencie
it
could
not
be
thought
,
that
a
wickednesse
so
monstrous
could
enter
into
the
heart
of
any
man
:
euen
so
the
learned
Politicians
of
times
past
,
beleeued
not
that
Princes
and
Estates
would
be
so
indiscreet
,
as
to
honor
with
an
Ambassage
(
which
commonly
importeth
the
whole
estate
)
a
person
which
were
not
most
capable
thereof
:
or
that
he
which
were
not
worthy
of
it
,
should
be
so
ill
aduised
as
to
vndertake
it
.
To
the
former
,
punishments
were
afterwards
ordained
:
and
the
other
,
haue
neede
of
good
instructions
;
til
when
,
I
wil
giue
them
in
this
Treatise
,
this
word
of
aduise
.
And
,
to
beginne
,
I
will
not
stay
vpon
searching
out
,
either
the
name
Ambassador
,
which
is
strange
and
vnknowne
to
vs
,
or
the
antiquitie
and
origine
of
this
charge
,
the
which
it
is
most
likely
had
his
beginning
with
the
establishment
of
societie
amongest
men
,
and
the
assembling
of
people
and
estates
the
one
with
the
other
.
When
Princes
would
not
,
and
Common-wealths
could
not
meete
together
for
to
treate
thereof
.
Neither
will
I
spend
time
in
telling
that
the
name
Ambassador
is
not
so
general
as
the
Latine
word
Legatus
:
and
is
not
vnderstood
properly
,
but
of
those
who
vnder
the
assurance
of
the
publike
faith
,
authorized
by
the
law
of
nations
,
are
employed
to
negociate
with
forraine
Princes
or
Commonwealths
the
affaires
of
their
Masters
,
and
with
dignitie
to
represent
their
persons
and
greatnesse
during
their
Ambassage
.
They
are
of
two
sortes
:
The
one
which
are
not
but
for
a
little
time
,
and
for
one
affaire
onely
,
as
,
for
renewing
some
aliance
,
to
sweare
and
ratifie
a
treatie
,
to
congratulate
,
condole
,
or
to
doe
like
office
in
the
behalfe
of
their
Masters
.
Those
that
goe
to
present
obedience
to
the
Pope
,
in
the
behalfe
of
Christian
Princes
,
are
of
this
number
,
or
which
goe
vpon
other
affaires
not
ordinary
.
For
which
cause
they
may
be
named
extraordinary
Ambassadors
,
who
returne
assoone
as
that
affaire
is
dispatched
.
The
Romanes
and
other
nations
in
former
ages
vsed
them
in
no
other
maner
.
The
other
are
ordinary
&
Ligiers
,
without
hauing
any
time
limited
,
but
at
the
pleasure
of
the
Prince
which
sendeth
them
.
And
this
is
that
sorte
which
is
now
most
in
use
,
and
which
antiquity
knew
not
,
fearing
lest
the
long
residence
of
an
Ambassador
might
discouer
the
secrets
of
the
Estate
.
The
Pope
hath
retained
the
name
of
Legate
and
Nuncio
,
of
which
it
is
not
my
purpose
to
speake
in
particular
.
As
touching
Agents
,
to
whom
,
at
times
,
is
giuen
the
Title
of
Ligiers
:
they
are
in
like
maner
publike
persons
and
being
once
receiued
and
admitted
,
they
enjoy
the
law
of
nations
,
but
neither
haue
place
,
nor
oftentimes
power
so
ample
as
Ambassadors
haue
.
Such
are
most
commonly
employed
about
Princes
which
will
not
yeeld
to
that
dignitie
which
those
by
whom
they
are
sent
pretend
to
haue
:
as
those
that
haue
beene
about
the
Emperour
of
late
yeeres
for
the
King
,
and
hee
that
at
this
present
is
with
the
Archduke
and
the
Infanta
,
which
is
Monsieur
de
la
Boderie
,
who
much
deserueth
the
Title
of
Ambassador
,
sithence
he
performeth
the
charge
thereof
so
worthily
.
Those
also
are
named
Agents
which
manage
the
affaires
of
Princes
,
not
soueraigne
,
and
such
as
are
much
inferiour
to
Monarchs
and
great
Common-wealths
,
for
as
for
those
which
are
sent
by
the
Prince
into
his
owne
Dominions
,
and
towards
his
subjects
,
they
are
called
Commissioners
:
like
as
they
are
named
Deputies
,
whom
subjects
send
vnto
their
Soueraigne
:
who
yet
doe
not
enjoy
this
law
of
nations
and
priuiledges
of
an
Ambassador
.
Ius
externo
non
ciui
quaesitum
est
,
saith
Titus
Liuius
.
But
indeede
Heralds
doe
,
whose
persons
are
vnuiolable
,
euen
in
the
middest
of
Armies
,
as
well
as
those
of
Ambassadors
,
although
that
properly
and
most
commonly
they
are
but
Messagers
,
carying
barely
some
word
of
mouth
or
letter
,
without
authoritie
to
treate
of
any
matter
:
as
also
Drummes
,
Trumpets
,
and
such
like
persons
in
time
of
warre
,
who
neuerthelesse
deserue
not
this
title
and
dignitie
of
Ambassador
.
The
Romans
had
also
an
other
forme
of
Ambassage
,
contrary
to
the
ancient
law
,
Ne
quis
suaerei
ergo
legatus
siet
,
the
which
was
called
Libera
legatio
,
which
was
to
grace
persons
of
qualitie
going
towards
forraine
countries
,
or
into
some
Prouinces
of
the
Empire
for
their
owne
affaires
and
particular
businesses
,
to
be
thereby
the
more
respected
,
and
vnder
the
fauour
of
the
law
of
nations
:
as
likewise
those
were
to
whom
they
would
not
doe
the
vttermost
disgrace
of
an
Exile
:
and
this
was
called
Honesta
legatio
,
which
Tacitus
saith
,
that
Tiberius
vsed
towardes
the
miserable
Agrippa
for
to
ridde
him
farre
off
from
the
Court.
It
seemeth
also
that
there
may
be
set
in
the
number
of
Agents
and
Ambassadors
,
the
Consuls
which
ouersee
the
affaires
of
Merchants
,
Townes
,
and
Corporations
in
Argier
,
Tunis
,
Tripoli
,
and
other
places
of
Barbarie
and
Turkie
.
Forasmuch
as
the
Prince
alloweth
of
their
nomination
,
authoriseth
and
recommendeth
them
by
his
letters
;
&
for
that
for
want
of
Ambassadors
they
giue
aduises
,
and
sometimes
supplie
their
charges
,
as
some
haue
done
with
very
good
successe
,
as
hath
beene
seene
in
our
time
in
some
places
.
The
Venetians
haue
their
consulls
in
Cario
,
at
Aleppo
,
Rosetta
,
Alexandria
,
and
other
townes
and
hauens
of
importance
:
Which
is
a
great
commoditie
vnto
them
,
for
besides
the
intelligence
which
they
haue
from
time
to
time
of
the
prices
of
all
sortes
of
merchandize
,
they
receiue
also
by
the
same
meanes
newes
from
all
parts
of
the
world
.
Wherein
they
exceede
all
other
Estates
and
Common-wealths
.
His
Behauiour
.
TO
come
then
vnto
our
Ambassador
,
and
principally
to
that
whom
we
haue
called
Ordinary
and
Ligier
:
albeit
that
the
principall
most
generall
and
ordinary
subiect
of
his
Ambassage
be
for
entertainment
of
alliances
and
amitie
with
the
Prince
or
the
Estate
to
whom
he
is
sent
:
yet
there
are
many
other
occasions
of
his
sending
which
is
needelesle
here
to
articulate
,
the
same
being
infinite
,
according
to
the
diuersitie
of
treaties
and
affaires
which
are
betweene
Princes
and
Commonwealths
.
In
some
countries
they
speake
onely
of
money
and
leuying
of
forces
:
in
others
,
of
sea
matters
,
trafficke
and
commerce
,
in
others
of
breaches
of
treaties
,
of
inrodes
and
riottes
on
frontiers
.
Furthermore
,
in
some
Estates
there
are
Monarkes
others
are
gouerned
by
Lords
,
the
last
by
the
people
,
so
that
,
according
to
the
qualitie
of
these
gouernementes
,
and
nature
of
the
affaires
,
it
is
requisite
to
make
choise
of
Ambassadors
that
may
be
fitting
to
the
place
and
Prince
to
whom
they
are
appointed
.
And
not
onely
because
of
this
diuersitie
of
Estates
and
negotiations
,
but
also
by
reason
of
the
difference
of
humours
,
conditions
,
and
religion
of
Princes
and
people
,
towards
whom
they
are
employed
:
it
being
very
certaine
,
that
one
that
is
a
Protestant
should
not
be
so
fit
to
be
about
the
Pope
nor
the
King
of
Spaine
:
but
contrariewise
,
one
of
that
profession
(
if
the
Kings
seruice
so
require
)
should
be
more
acceptable
in
England
,
Scotland
,
Denmarke
,
and
with
the
protestant
Princes
of
Germanie
,
whereof
the
Queene
of
England
willed
me
to
carry
word
to
the
King
,
during
the
siege
of
Paris
,
by
occasion
of
a
Gentleman
of
qualitie
which
had
bin
sent
to
the
protestant
Princes
of
Germany
,
and
was
not
welcome
vnto
them
.
Likewise
must
they
shunne
the
like
ieast
that
was
made
of
a
Bishop
sent
to
the
Grand
Signior
,
and
of
a
Gentleman
held
for
a
great
good
Christian
,
who
was
appointed
Ambassador
to
the
Pope
,
for
it
was
said
that
the
one
would
conuert
the
Turke
,
and
the
other
should
be
conuertedby
the
Pope
.
In
some
Estates
they
consider
much
the
qualitie
of
the
Ambassador
,
and
make
the
lesse
account
of
him
,
if
he
be
not
a
gentleman
of
nobilitie
,
or
at
least
wel
qualified
,
liberall
and
honorable
.
Some
other
Princes
and
Estates
had
rather
haue
one
that
profesleth
the
Lawes
:
as
at
Venice
(
none
hath
of
long
time
bin
there
so
acceptable
as
Monsieur
de
Maisse
Hurault
one
of
the
chiefe
Counsellors
of
this
Estate
.
I
doubt
not
but
that
the
Pope
would
be
content
to
haue
rather
a
Biship
or
some
other
Church-man
neere
him
:
Neuerthelesse
I
vnderstand
that
the
Spaniardes
haue
perceiued
that
it
was
more
necessarie
for
the
seruice
of
their
Maister
,
that
the
Ambassador
were
of
some
other
qualitie
,
bicause
Ecclesiasticall
persons
make
a
very
strict
oath
vnto
the
Pope
and
the
Church
,
which
derogateth
from
the
naturall
fidelitie
which
all
subiects
owe
vnto
their
Soueraigne
.
Howsoeuer
it
be
,
the
Romans
sent
none
for
Ambassadors
that
had
not
passed
through
the
greatest
parte
of
the
degrees
of
honour
and
magistracie
:
and
sometimes
they
were
the
Consulls
themselues
:
not
so
much
for
the
honour
of
the
Prince
to
whome
they
were
sent
,
as
for
the
greatnes
and
maiestie
of
the
commonwealth
.
Philip
de
Comines
complaineth
,
that
his
Maister
King
Lewes
the
eleuenth
employed
therein
ordinarily
his
Barber
.
Other
Princes
make
no
difficultie
to
send
the
Groomes
of
the
Chambers
,
Cloake-bearers
,
and
others
of
baser
sort
vnto
the
greatest
Princes
of
Christendome
.
And
God
knoweth
how
they
handle
many
times
the
affaires
of
their
Maisters
.
He
therefore
that
appoynteth
an
Ambassador
,
ought
to
looke
well
heerevnto
,
and
especially
to
the
sexe
,
to
the
age
,
and
to
the
disposition
of
him
to
whome
hee
is
sent
.
For
hee
that
would
giue
commission
to
an
olde
and
melancholie
man
to
treate
of
a
marriage
with
a
yoong
Princesse
,
and
make
loue
vnto
her
in
the
behalfe
of
his
Maister
(
a
thing
which
most
commonly
amongst
the
Great
is
done
by
an
Atturney
)
it
is
very
certain
,
that
naturally
she
would
not
so
willingly
see
or
heare
him
as
one
that
were
more
youthfull
and
gallant
.
I
haue
sometime
seene
the
experience
thereof
.
This
choyce
being
of
greater
importance
than
one
woulde
belecue
,
and
wherein
notwithstanding
there
is
oftnest
failing
.
A
neighbour
Prince
sent
a
while
sithence
,
a
man
of
an
ill
grace
to
a
great
Lady
of
France
for
this
purpose
:
who
eflected
nothing
of
consequence
therein
.
Such
a
one
must
bee
a
man
acceptable
,
for
the
better
managing
the
disposition
of
him
with
whom
he
hath
to
deale
.
But
much
more
in
extraordinarie
Ambassadors
,
and
those
which
go
not
but
for
one
affaire
,
as
if
it
be
a
matter
concerning
warre
,
it
is
fitter
to
commit
it
to
a
Marshall
of
France
,
or
some
other
Generall
of
the
field
,
and
practized
in
points
of
armes
.
To
Generall
Counsailes
it
were
ridiculous
to
send
others
than
Ecclesiasticall
persons
,
diuines
,
and
men
seene
in
the
Lawes
.
And
where
question
should
be
of
the
right
of
succession
,
of
marches
,
reprisalls
,
of
other
difficulties
of
right
,
there
are
men
meet
for
the
same
,
and
which
would
better
serue
their
Maister
therin
then
eyther
a
Churchman
or
a
martiall
man
.
But
if
it
be
for
the
renuing
of
an
aliance
,
conducting
of
som
princesse
,
or
any
other
solemn
action
consisting
most
in
ceremony
and
magnificence
,
it
is
meetest
to
commit
the
charge
and
honor
thereof
to
a
Prince
or
Lord
of
quailitie
and
meanes
.
Moreouer
,
there
are
many
other
things
to
be
considered
in
the
person
of
an
Ambassador
,
of
which
I
will
note
some
(
not
to
make
a
perfect
Idea
of
an
Ambassador
,
as
Tasso
,
Magio
,
Gentilis
and
some
others
haue
labored
to
do
.
)
For
as
once
one
said
of
Platoes
Common-wealth
,
that
the
Idea
thereof
was
in
heauen
:
so
the
perfect
image
of
an
Ambassador
,
such
as
they
haue
figured
vnto
vs
,
was
neuer
amongst
men
,
for
they
would
haue
him
to
be
a
Divine
,
Astrologer
,
Logician
,
an
excellent
Orator
,
as
learned
as
Aristotle
,
and
as
wise
as
Salomon
.
But
for
me
,
I
require
no
more
of
him
than
hee
may
attaine
vnto
by
vse
and
nature
.
True
it
is
,
that
I
wish
he
were
seene
in
all
,
by
reason
of
the
diuersitie
of
affaires
which
are
handled
in
his
charge
.
The
which
hee
cannot
be
,
if
he
haue
not
seene
and
trauelled
abroade
,
if
hee
haue
not
some
experience
,
and
especially
the
knowledge
of
Histories
,
which
I
finde
to
bee
more
necessary
for
him
than
any
other
study
:
and
that
formerly
he
haue
beene
employed
in
some
other
charges
or
affaires
of
estate
,
if
it
were
but
onely
to
haue
more
assurednesse
when
hee
commeth
to
speake
in
publike
:
for
as
it
shall
appeare
by
the
processe
of
the
discourse
,
an
ambassage
is
as
it
were
an
abridgement
of
the
principalest
charges
and
offices
that
are
exercised
in
the
common-wealth
:
So
also
would
I
haue
him
rich
,
not
only
in
the
goods
of
the
minde
,
but
also
in
the
goods
of
fortune
,
at
least
,
in
some
indifferent
sort
.
For
,
besides
that
a
great
pouertie
is
alwaies
suspected
,
he
being
so
,
it
is
very
hard
for
him
to
holde
that
dignitie
which
he
ought
to
represent
;
their
Masters
being
not
alwayes
very
carefull
to
make
them
due
prouision
;
and
the
Romans
many
times
refused
such
persons
in
the
exercise
of
the
chiefest
charges
of
their
Common-wealth
.
To
speake
of
Sciences
more
particularly
,
I
know
that
many
haue
managed
the
like
and
greater
charges
without
any
learning
,
and
that
vnto
diuers
men
it
hath
sorted
well
.
But
I
maintain
that
men
of
lerning
are
much
more
capable
thereof
,
know
how
to
speake
better
,
and
answer
euery
man
,
to
iudge
of
the
iustnes
of
a
warre
,
of
the
equitie
of
all
pretences
,
and
demaunds
,
to
beware
of
being
deceued
in
treaties
and
negotiations
of
peace
,
alliance
or
mariage
,
whereabouts
such
men
are
most
commonly
emplored
,
)
to
weigh
their
reasons
best
,
to
resolue
any
subtile
conclusions
sophistications
,
and
to
discourse
of
all
things
,
either
graue
or
familiar
:
and
to
speake
in
a
worde
,
hee
is
more
to
bee
blamed
that
commeth
vnto
it
without
this
qualitie
,
than
hee
were
to
be
praised
,
if
hee
brought
vnto
it
,
all
these
necessarie
qualities
with
him
.
At
least
I
will
counsell
him
,
during
the
time
of
his
Ambassage
,
to
furnish
himself
with
as
much
thereof
,
as
his
leisure
will
permit
him
:
although
(
to
say
true
)
it
is
very
late
to
dig
a
well
,
when
one
is
thirsty
,
or
to
make
armor
,
when
it
is
time
to
fight
:
Aboue
all
,
let
him
not
make
shew
that
hee
despiseth
men
of
learning
,
but
still
accounting
of
men
of
knowledge
and
experience
,
which
in
all
well
policied
estates
are
cherished
.
I
find
then
that
among
the
parts
of
Philosophie
,
he
ought
to
haue
knowledge
of
the
Morall
and
Politike
:
and
if
before
he
haue
had
any
taste
of
the
Roman
Ciuill
Law
,
the
same
would
giue
him
more
insight
and
facilitie
to
the
negotiation
of
treatie
and
clearing
many
matters
that
fall
out
in
diuerse
places
:
as
for
example
,
of
the
right
of
the
succession
of
Princes
,
of
the
difference
of
the
borders
,
of
taking
booties
of
Prisoners
,
Reprisals
,
and
of
Sea
matters
,
whereof
most
commonly
question
ariseth
in
England
,
Denmarke
,
Holland
,
and
other
partes
standing
on
the
Sea
,
or
of
some
obscuritie
,
ambiguitie
,
and
difficultie
of
clauses
and
articles
of
a
treatie
.
Aboue
all
,
he
ought
not
to
be
ignorant
of
the
Lawes
,
customs
&
maners
of
his
owne
country
,
specially
in
things
concerning
the
Estate
,
the
rights
,
titles
,
and
pretences
of
his
Maisters
Crowne
,
and
the
vsurpations
that
other
Princes
haue
made
vpon
his
estate
.
Whervnto
the
knowledge
of
histories
wil
greatly
help
him
;
which
besides
the
pleasure
of
it
,
will
bring
him
also
this
commoditie
,
that
it
will
encrease
in
him
,
wisedome
and
iudgement
in
the
affairs
of
his
charge
.
Will
enable
him
against
all
chances
.
Will
bring
him
to
the
knowledge
of
the
origine
,
continuance
and
ruine
of
kingdomes
,
countries
,
and
townes
,
which
haue
no
remainder
of
their
glorie
,
but
the
name
onely
.
Will
make
him
that
he
bee
not
astonished
at
any
thing
that
hee
heareth
read
or
spoken
,
considering
that
histories
will
furnish
him
with
many
examples
of
like
accidents
.
It
being
a
shamefull
thing
to
a
man
of
his
sorte
to
wonder
at
all
that
is
spoken
.
For
wondring
is
the
daughter
of
ignorance
,
and
they
are
alwayes
children
which
know
not
that
which
was
done
before
their
time
.
Lastly
,
Eloquence
is
of
such
force
,
and
so
important
in
such
a
charge
,
that
if
he
be
endewed
therewith
,
either
by
art
or
nature
,
he
will
make
himselfe
very
gratious
,
be
it
that
he
speak
vnto
the
Prince
,
to
the
Counsaile
,
or
in
publike
(
as
the
vse
is
in
popular
estates
)
or
that
he
entertaine
his
frends
in
priuat
.
And
in
many
places
Ambassadors
are
called
Orators
.
But
to
speake
wel
,
in
good
frame
,
and
good
termes
,
it
shal
be
expedient
that
hee
first
write
and
polish
that
which
hee
hath
to
say
in
publike
.
(
Parato
quid
vnquam
defecit
?
)
Yet
without
seruile
tying
himself
,
to
learne
by
heart
his
owne
speech
,
lest
it
befall
him
,
as
many
times
it
dooth
vnto
schoole
boies
.
If
he
know
the
language
of
the
Countrie
where
he
is
,
it
will
be
a
great
furtherance
vnto
him
,
to
the
more
perfect
vnderstanding
of
the
histories
and
affaires
of
that
estate
.
Cicero
saith
(
Sumus
surdi
omnes
in
linguis
quas
non
intelligimus
.
)
It
is
alone
to
be
deaf
,
and
not
to
vnderstand
what
is
saide
.
)
Neuerthelesse
many
without
this
qualitie
haue
not
failed
to
performe
their
charge
well
and
worthily
.
And
although
he
knew
the
language
,
I
had
rather
that
he
should
faine
,
not
to
vnderstand
it
:
for
so
hath
he
the
more
aduantage
to
speake
and
negotiate
in
his
owne
language
:
or
at
least
in
Latine
which
is
common
vnto
all
,
as
they
do
in
Germany
,
Polonia
,
and
other
countries
.
His
speech
must
be
graue
,
briefe
,
and
significant
,
without
employing
many
alegations
,
as
a
Maister
of
Arte
would
doe
,
or
of
woordes
borrowed
,
and
out
of
vse
,
whereby
I
haue
seene
many
falter
through
affectation
:
And
he
must
,
as
much
as
may
be
,
accommodate
himself
to
the
fashion
of
the
prince
and
people
to
whom
he
speaketh
:
for
he
that
would
mignionize
and
painte
out
his
speeches
in
Suisserland
or
Holland
,
should
do
that
which
were
ridiculous
and
superfluous
.
Princes
,
and
almost
all
Great
men
and
military
men
loue
not
great
speakers
,
nor
long
discourses
;
and
an
olde
writer
hath
verie
well
obserued
in
the
disposition
of
the
Frenchman
,
that
hee
giueth
himselfe
chiefly
to
the
profession
of
armes
,
and
to
a
briefe
&
subtile
form
of
speaking
,
Duas
res
,
saith
hee
,
accuratè
norunt
,
rem
militarem
,
&
argutè
loqui
.
Euen
so
the
King
that
now
is
,
being
tyred
with
the
long
discourse
of
a
Lorde
lately
come
out
of
Italy
,
saide
vnto
him
,
I
know
very
well
that
you
come
out
of
the
Countrie
of
faire
wordes
.
In
a
woord
,
if
an
Ambassador
haue
not
this
guift
of
speaking
well
,
and
that
hee
stop
or
stutter
in
his
deliuerie
,
besides
that
happily
he
shall
do
no
great
good
in
his
Ambassage
,
he
shal
be
oftentimes
the
iest
of
Courtiers
.
And
if
his
speeches
be
too
long
;
he
may
haue
such
an
answere
as
those
of
Lacedemon
made
to
the
Samnites
.
That
they
had
forgotten
the
beginning
,
vnderstood
not
the
middle
,
and
disliked
the
Conclusion
.
These
are
very
neerely
the
sciences
which
I
iudge
the
most
requisite
,
and
which
are
,
in
mine
opinion
,
the
easiest
,
and
the
which
,
or
the
greater
parte
of
them
,
hee
may
learne
in
the
places
of
his
charge
,
if
he
be
resident
there
for
some
yeares
,
all
the
other
will
not
bee
vnprofitable
for
him
.
But
hee
must
haue
besides
these
,
other
vertues
and
qualities
,
as
wel
gotten
by
practise
,
as
borne
with
him
,
for
better
performing
his
Ambassage
:
and
which
are
so
much
the
more
necessarie
for
him
,
in
that
hee
representeth
the
greatnes
of
his
prince
in
a
forraine
Countrie
,
and
in
the
view
of
the
worlde
,
and
for
that
the
faultes
which
he
committeth
are
many
times
cause
of
the
contempt
of
his
Maister
,
or
of
some
worser
consequence
.
For
first
al
men
agree
in
this
,
that
he
ought
to
be
endewed
with
a
good
naturall
vnderstanding
,
ioyned
with
a
long
experience
of
the
affaires
of
the
worlde
,
which
makes
that
a
yong
man
is
not
so
capable
of
this
charge
,
as
one
of
old
or
middle
age
.
For
which
cause
,
Philip
de
Comines
said
,
it
was
very
hard
for
a
man
to
be
wise
that
had
not
bin
deceiued
.
(
Neuerthelesse
sometimes
a
good
spirit
disgraceth
the
age
&
experience
of
many
others
,
witnesse
Monsieur
de
Beaumont
Harlay
,
who
doth
the
King
so
good
seruice
in
this
charge
of
Ambassador
in
England
.
)
Neuertheles
an
olde
man
is
ordinarily
melancholie
and
diseased
,
and
a
young
man
,
too
humorous
,
light
,
and
indiscreete
.
As
one
that
was
sent
to
certaine
Alies
of
this
Crowne
,
who
walked
abroade
in
the
euening
and
part
of
the
night
through
the
streetes
,
with
others
of
his
owne
age
,
and
in
his
doublet
and
hose
,
playing
on
a
Bandore
:
although
otherwise
he
was
a
man
of
a
good
spirit
.
Touching
the
wisedome
of
our
Ambassador
,
it
wil
be
discerned
,
first
of
all
,
if
he
bring
with
him
these
requisite
qualities
whereof
I
haue
spoken
,
and
such
things
as
are
necessary
for
the
occasions
of
his
charge
:
vnlesse
that
the
Prince
haue
made
him
to
vndertake
it
on
a
so
daine
,
and
by
expresse
commandement
,
without
giuing
him
leasure
to
aduise
himself
,
as
many
times
it
falleth
out
.
For
,
if
hee
haue
not
the
goods
of
fortune
,
or
hath
not
otherwise
prouided
to
cause
a
good
allowance
to
be
made
him
:
hee
will
be
accounted
indiscreete
to
haue
embarked
himselfe
in
a
charge
of
so
great
expence
.
And
for
the
gifts
of
nature
,
if
he
be
bleare-eyed
,
crookebackt
,
lame
,
or
otherwise
mishaped
,
it
is
certaine
,
that
he
will
not
be
so
acceptable
.
One
of
the
old
writers
saith
,
that
in
those
ill
proportioned
and
vitious
bodies
,
the
soule
is
ill
lodged
.
And
the
Romanes
hauing
on
a
time
sent
two
Ambassadors
to
one
of
their
Prouinces
,
of
which
one
had
vpon
his
head
the
skars
of
many
wounds
,
and
the
other
was
lame
of
his
feete
,
it
was
said
in
a
mockery
.
Mittit
populus
R.
legationem
quae
nec
caput
nec
pedes
habet
.
An
Ambassage
that
hath
neither
head
nor
feete
.
Likewise
if
it
be
possible
let
him
not
be
much
inferiour
in
meanes
or
qualitie
to
him
whom
he
succeedeth
,
lest
he
finde
at
his
doore
.
O
antique
domus
.
Alas
poore
house
that
hast
made
a
change
of
maisters
,
as
it
hapned
(
to
my
knowledge
)
vnto
one
that
succeeded
in
the
house
and
place
of
an
Ambassador
that
had
beene
very
liberall
and
bountifull
:
for
there
was
nothing
so
cold
as
his
Kitchin
,
nor
so
bare
as
his
stable
.
Farther
,
that
he
knew
how
to
make
good
choise
of
his
traine
and
houshold
seruants
:
wherevnto
hee
ought
especially
to
take
heede
,
that
he
fall
not
into
the
inconuenience
that
some
haue
done
,
who
hauing
sorted
themselues
with
indiscreete
and
vnciuil
seruants
,
haue
themselues
payed
for
their
folly
.
An
aduice
which
Monsieur
de
Bellieure
(
who
hauing
bin
oft
times
honoured
with
this
charge
,
in
which
he
made
his
first
practize
among
the
Grisons
,
hath
at
length
attained
by
the
steppes
of
honour
and
desert
,
to
the
dignitie
of
Chancellor
of
France
)
giueth
vnto
Ambassadors
going
vppon
their
charges
,
according
to
that
which
Cicero
said
vnto
his
brother
then
Gouernour
of
Asia
in
like
case
,
Horum
non
modo
facta
sed
dicta
etiam
omnia
tibi
praestanda
sunt
.
Thou
must
be
the
warrant
both
of
their
actions
,
yea
and
of
the
very
words
also
.
And
a
little
after
,
Si
innocentes
existimari
volumus
non
sclum
nos
abstinentes
verumeriam
nostris
comites
praestare
debemus
.
To
make
our
vprightnesse
appeare
,
it
is
not
enough
that
we
be
discreete
,
but
euen
our
followers
must
be
so
also
.
And
to
say
trueth
,
for
that
which
is
in
the
choyce
of
a
man
,
hee
can
not
impute
it
to
any
other
,
but
must
lay
the
blame
on
himselfe
,
if
he
haue
not
done
it
wel
.
It
fell
out
ill
in
this
poynt
with
the
Lord
of
Camcy
sent
,
on
the
behalfe
of
the
King
to
the
Duke
of
Burgundie
,
in
the
yeare
1417.
through
too
much
confidence
in
his
Secretary
,
who
either
of
indiscretion
,
or
corruption
,
had
made
manie
copies
of
his
masters
instructions
,
to
be
seene
abroad
,
and
discouered
the
secrets
of
his
commission
:
for
which
cause
the
master
was
blamed
by
the
Kings
counsaile
,
and
sent
to
take
vp
his
lodging
in
the
Bastile
.
Amongest
the
Officers
of
his
house
,
the
most
necessary
,
and
in
choyce
of
whom
hee
ought
to
be
most
carefull
,
are
,
the
Secretaries
,
and
the
Steward
of
the
house
.
The
one
for
to
assist
and
ease
him
in
the
businesses
of
his
charge
,
to
dispatch
causes
that
concerne
the
same
,
and
to
hold
a
good
register
therof
,
to
keepe
faithfully
the
scroles
,
cyphers
,
and
other
papers
of
importance
,
(
which
neuerthelesse
would
be
better
vnder
the
maisters
locke
)
the
other
for
the
expenses
of
the
house
,
which
ought
to
be
well
ordered
,
and
neuerthelesse
honorable
in
euery
part
therof
,
chiefly
at
the
table
and
kitchin
,
whereuppon
strangers
and
especially
those
of
the
Northerne
countries
looke
more
then
vpon
all
other
expences
besides
.
In
Spaine
and
Italie
the
table
is
more
frugale
:
But
there
it
must
appeare
in
horses
,
coaches
,
apparrell
,
and
traine
of
followers
.
And
I
will
say
this
by
the
way
,
sithence
that
the
most
proper
,
and
most
essentiall
vertue
of
a
Prince
is
to
be
liberall
,
hee
that
representeth
his
greatnesse
amongst
strangers
,
dooth
him
iniury
,
and
getteth
himselfe
an
euill
name
,
if
hee
be
sparing
and
wretched
:
it
seeming
incredible
to
most
men
,
that
a
great
King
,
or
other
Soueraigne
would
appoint
him
to
that
place
without
allowing
him
meanes
sufficient
,
and
are
mooued
to
thinke
,
that
he
keepeth
vp
,
and
turneth
to
his
owne
vses
,
the
monies
of
his
allowance
.
There
haue
beene
some
in
our
time
,
who
by
their
sparing
and
basenesse
,
seemed
rather
to
goe
to
profite
themselues
,
and
make
a
gaine
;
whereas
this
charge
consisteth
wholy
on
honour
,
and
was
in
times
past
giuen
,
to
honor
those
which
had
done
good
seruice
to
the
Commonwealth
:
so
that
it
ought
not
to
be
purchased
by
bribes
,
nor
too
much
sought
after
,
whereby
to
auoyde
the
suspition
of
couetousnesse
.
Neuerthelesse
,
in
this
his
liberall
expence
he
must
vse
his
discretion
in
not
exceeding
too
farre
his
ordinary
exhibition
,
and
especially
that
thereby
he
belie
not
falsly
the
occasion
of
his
Ambassage
.
For
I
haue
seene
those
which
haue
failed
in
both
,
and
it
hath
bin
told
them
,
that
they
named
themselues
the
Ambassadors
of
misery
(
for
they
came
to
craue
succours
of
men
and
mony
)
and
yet
were
in
their
expences
as
if
their
master
had
possessed
the
Indies
.
And
here
it
is
that
an
argument
from
the
lesse
to
the
great
may
be
made
:
how
shall
he
performe
a
charge
of
importance
,
that
knoweth
not
howe
to
guide
his
house
and
order
his
expence
?
Furthermore
,
he
shall
manifest
his
wisedome
in
this
,
if
when
hee
hath
receiued
order
to
departe
,
he
take
instructions
sufficiently
ratified
for
whatsoeuer
he
hath
to
say
or
negotiate
,
that
he
may
not
be
disallowed
for
any
thing
that
he
shall
haue
said
,
treated
,
or
concluded
,
as
it
hath
befalne
vnto
some
that
haue
after
repented
it
,
whereof
I
will
speake
a
word
hereafter
.
He
must
also
instruct
himselfe
by
the
mouth
of
him
that
was
next
before
him
in
this
charge
:
vnlesse
that
his
predecessor
do
install
him
himselfe
,
and
at
his
induction
doe
communicate
vnto
him
all
such
treaties
,
remembrances
,
and
papers
as
are
necessary
,
and
do
sufficiently
enforme
him
of
all
.
And
because
Secretaries
of
Estate
giue
not
so
often
intelligences
to
the
Ambassador
,
nor
alwayes
send
him
aduice
of
that
which
passeth
at
Court
and
in
the
Estate
,
so
often
as
he
gladly
would
:
and
that
it
should
many
times
be
expedient
to
haue
aduertizement
thereof
,
because
of
the
false
rumors
which
are
ordinarily
spread
by
the
enemies
of
an
Estate
,
especially
in
time
of
warre
:
and
that
it
is
a
shame
to
an
Ambassadour
,
that
strangers
should
know
the
newes
of
his
countrie
before
him
,
hee
shall
doe
very
well
to
haue
some
friend
in
court
which
may
aduertize
him
often
of
that
which
is
done
,
yea
,
euen
to
the
least
particularities
,
by
which
many
times
,
he
may
iudge
of
matters
of
importance
.
The
griefe
wherein
I
haue
seene
Monsieur
de
Sillary
Brulart
in
Swisserland
,
and
in
England
,
Monsieur
de
Beaunoir
la
Nocle
,
and
many
others
elsewhere
:
(
Indeed
it
was
in
the
hottest
of
the
troubles
)
maketh
mee
to
giue
this
aduice
to
those
that
goe
on
Ambassage
,
and
that
they
ought
not
to
spare
two
or
three
hundred
crownes
a
yeere
this
way
,
if
neede
require
.
Furthermore
that
man
is
vndiscreet
,
that
through
rashnesse
throweth
himselfe
into
the
danger
of
his
enemy
.
Neither
will
I
counsaile
any
to
goe
on
ambassage
towards
that
Prince
whom
he
hath
offended
in
word
or
deede
:
for
Princes
doe
seldome
forget
an
iniury
,
and
are
patient
to
awaite
a
fit
time
to
reuenge
themselues
.
At
the
least
,
it
is
very
likely
,
that
hee
shall
neuer
performe
his
Maisters
businesses
so
well
with
such
a
one
.
Besides
,
it
is
not
meete
to
commit
this
charge
to
him
that
hath
beene
spotted
with
any
crime
or
publike
reproach
:
Nor
vnto
him
that
is
the
subiect
of
that
Prince
to
whom
he
is
sent
:
for
in
this
behalfe
it
be
fell
out
ill
with
the
Esquire
Merueilles
as
Millan
,
of
whom
Guicciardine
and
du
Bellay
make
mention
:
at
least
Duke
Sforza
gaue
his
excuse
in
paiment
as
I
will
shew
anon
.
It
being
both
more
commodious
and
more
conuenient
for
the
greatnesse
of
the
master
,
that
he
which
is
sent
,
bee
his
naturall
subiect
,
not
a
stranger
,
considering
that
naturally
he
will
vse
therein
more
care
and
more
fidelitie
:
and
it
is
a
shame
to
make
our
want
to
bee
knowne
in
this
behalfe
,
of
men
able
&
capable
of
such
a
charge
:
Not
but
that
sometimes
it
hath
well
sorted
when
strangers
haue
beene
employed
.
Aboue
all
,
it
is
a
thing
odious
and
vnsauory
to
send
vnto
a
neighbor
Prince
a
subiect
of
his
for
Ambassador
,
to
whom
he
will
euer
doe
honor
discontentedly
,
remembring
what
power
and
authoritie
a
Prince
hath
ouer
his
subiects
.
True
it
is
,
that
out
of
this
rule
prisoners
of
warre
may
be
excepted
either
to
negociate
the
deliuerance
of
themselues
and
their
companions
,
or
to
treat
of
some
good
meanes
for
a
peace
,
truce
,
or
other
good
occasion
;
as
hath
beene
seene
in
the
warres
betweene
the
Romans
and
the
Carthaginians
,
and
in
those
of
France
and
England
.
An other
poynt
of
wisedome
is
,
to
arriue
in
season
,
and
to
take
occasion
commodiously
,
which
I
obserue
,
because
there
are
some
,
who
through
the
hardnesse
of
the
season
,
or
for
the
difficultie
and
dangers
of
the
wayes
,
or
for
some
other
light
hinderance
do
deferre
the
departure
,
or
stay
by
the
way
:
so
that
at
their
arriuall
they
finde
matters
altered
,
and
come
as
a
Phisitian
when
one
is
dead
.
And
to
this
purpose
Suetonius
recounteth
how
those
of
Troy
sent
the
Deputies
to
Tiberius
to
condole
the
death
of
his
sonnes
,
seuen
or
eight
moneths
after
that
it
happened
.
And
I
,
saide
he
,
am
very
sory
for
the
losse
which
sometime
you
had
of
fstanders
by
to
laugh
:
for
countriman
Hector
,
and
so
made
all
the
standers
by
to
laugh
:
for
Hector
died
many
hundred
yeeres
before
.
He
must
also
present
himselfe
in
due
time
and
place
,
that
there
be
no
suspicion
conceiued
vpon
the
cause
of
his
comming
:
as
Titus
Liuius
declareth
of
the
Mirian
Ambassadors
.
Who
kept
themselues
secret
a
while
at
Rome
,
waiting
peraduenture
,
for
some
newe
instructions
from
their
Maister
:
which
was
a
cause
to
make
them
to
bee
stayed
as
spies
:
Whereof
they
had
somewhat
to
doe
to
purge
themselues
:
mentitur
legationem
qui
nomen
legationis
non
praefert
suo
tempore
:
as
a
Lawyer
saith
,
and
an
Ambassage
is
held
suspected
which
is
not
done
in
due
time
and
place
.
Seruius
saith
,
that
in
olde
time
amongst
the
Romans
this
order
was
kept
in
receiuing
strange
Ambassadors
.
Legati
si
quando
incogniti
venire
nunciarentur
;
primo
quid
vellent
ab
exploratoribus
requirebatur
,
postea
ad
eos
egrediebantur
maiestratus
minores
&
tunc
demum
Senatus
:
&
si
ita
visum
fuisset
,
admittebantur
.
But
concerning
this
point
of
departing
in
time
,
in
former
times
the
Deputies
of
the
Rhodians
were
accused
for
not
departing
at
the
prefixed
day
towards
Athens
about
a
matter
of
importance
,
whereof
grewe
some
inconuenience
.
They
defended
and
excused
themselues
throgh
the
Treasurers
default
who
had
not
giuen
them
the
money
appoynted
vnto
them
for
their
voyage
,
but
their
replie
and
reproach
was
,
that
for
a
matter
of
such
importance
they
ought
themselues
to
haue
disbursed
the
mony
,
rather
than
to
loose
an
occasion
which
might
preiudice
the
Estate
;
at
least
,
that
in
due
time
they
ought
to
haue
made
their
diligence
appeare
,
and
to
haue
protested
against
the
Treasurer
.
It
is
not
enough
to
ariue
time
.
He
must
,
as
before
I
said
,
present
himselfe
and
deliuer
his
Ambassage
,
if
it
be
of
any
importance
,
for
the
lingering
of
some
,
hath
giuen
opportunitie
to
Spies
to
discouer
their
secrets
,
and
the
occasion
of
well
effecting
it
,
is
so
lost
.
Alcibiades
vsed
like
subtilitie
to
the
Ambassadors
of
Lacedemon
,
who
were
made
a
iest
of
thereby
:
and
many
like
examples
haue
,
to
my
knowledge
,
chanced
:
vnlesse
that
there
be
a
lawfull
cause
why
audience
should
not
be
demanded
,
as
if
hee
found
the
Court
in
mourning
,
warre
proclaimed
,
or
some
other
accident
of
importance
falne
out
in
the
meane
time
which
was
not
before
thought
of
.
Tacitus
saith
,
Vt
initia
sunt
,
spem
in
extera
fore
.
It
is
the
principall
point
to
begin
well
,
a
thing
is
halfe
done
that
is
well
begunne
.
For
which
cause
our
Ambassador
from
his
first
arriuall
is
to
giue
of
himselfe
so
good
an
expectation
,
as
that
by
his
grauitie
,
curtesie
affabilitie
,
requisite
expences
,
first
audience
,
and
establishment
in
his
charge
he
make
al
men
hope
of
good
to
come
by
his
Ambassage
.
In
like
sort
is
it
in
warre
and
other
affaires
of
the
world
,
that
men
iudge
of
the
end
by
the
beginning
,
&
he
is
held
wise
that
can
discreetely
raise
a
good
opinion
of
himselfe
from
the
first
entrance
into
his
charge
.
The
which
hee
shall
doe
not
onely
in
respect
of
those
of
the
Country
,
but
also
towardes
his
Maister
by
his
first
letters
of
aduice
of
the
stile
whereof
we
will
speake
a
word
heere-after
.
And
he
shall
doe
most
wisely
in
establishing
foorthwith
his
intelligences
from
all
partes
following
the
order
of
his
predecessor
,
adding
therevnto
,
the
correspondencie
which
hee
can
haue
with
his
friends
,
euen
to
the
remotest
countries
:
there
being
no
charge
whatsoeuer
in
the
Estate
which
hath
more
neede
to
know
the
occurrents
of
the
worlde
,
as
I
haue
heard
the
most
sufficient
Ambassadors
to
holde
:
Considering
that
this
is
done
with
little
charge
,
and
oftentimes
with
much
fruite
.
He
will
make
himselfe
held
a
fitte
man
,
if
he
can
make
choice
of
some
one
to
assist
&
second
him
in
his
charge
if
it
be
such
that
he
haue
need
therof
,
as
indeed
it
is
hard
to
be
without
one
,
especially
in
a
Country
and
a
charge
,
wherein
he
had
not
bin
before
as
great
and
able
a
man
as
Scipio
was
,
yet
tooke
he
with
him
the
learned
Panaetius
(
others
says
Laelius
.
)
True
it
is
,
hee
ought
to
take
good
heede
to
whom
he
trusts
himself
,
for
some
from
Companions
will
become
Maisters
and
Corriualls
,
and
hauing
gotten
knowledge
in
the
businesses
and
secrets
of
the
charge
,
do
not
often
handle
the
same
discreetly
.
And
so
bring
him
more
hurt
than
good
,
and
more
discontentment
than
comfort
.
But
it
is
much
more
grieuous
vnto
him
,
whenas
for
to
helpe
his
insufficiencie
,
or
to
haue
an
eye
ouer
his
doing
,
there
is
an
assistant
ioyned
with
him
:
for
in
this
case
he
looseth
the
whole
grace
,
and
often
times
the
fruite
of
his
Ambassage
.
The
which
,
as
I
haue
saide
,
hath
no
other
end
than
Honour
.
He
ought
likewise
to
take
heed
that
he
receiue
not
into
his
family
,
and
amongst
his
houshold
seruants
,
those
of
the
country
where
he
is
resident
,
it
being
very
certaine
,
that
they
are
so
many
spies
,
except
those
,
of
whose
fidelitie
he
hath
had
good
proofe
,
whereof
some
such
are
found
(
but
very
seldome
.
)
Cicero
in
the
same
Epistle
giueth
this
selfe
same
aduice
,
saying
that
no
man
ought
to
communicate
himselfe
much
vnto
them
,
nor
discouer
the
affaires
of
his
charge
vnto
them
,
whatsoeuer
apparance
of
affection
they
vse
:
for
there
hath
befallen
therby
very
great
inconueniences
:
the
Ambassador
being
otherwise
sufficiently
lookt
into
,
&
his
demenor
sifted
;
likewise
is
he
in
a
place
so
eminent
,
that
his
actions
cannot
be
hidden
what
industy
soeuer
hee
vse
therein
.
Much
lesse
ought
his
house
to
serue
for
a
retraite
vnto
the
offenders
of
that
estate
wherein
he
is
,
or
to
person
that
are
suspected
and
odious
.
I
haue
seene
some
that
haue
bin
maligned
and
ill
intreated
for
this
occasion
,
and
it
is
a
very
ticklish
poynt
especially
if
they
be
subiects
of
that
estate
where
hee
beareth
his
charge
:
considering
that
in
making
intercession
for
them
,
he
putteth
himselfe
in
hazard
of
receiuing
a
deniall
,
from
whence
a
greater
mischiefe
may
arise
.
I
speake
not
this
without
cause
,
and
the
example
thereof
is
fresh
.
And
to
return
to
those
of
his
house
,
our
Ambassador
not
being
alwayes
able
to
haue
an
eye
ouer
them
,
as
wel
by
reason
of
his
dignitie
,
as
for
the
affaires
of
his
charge
.
It
shal
be
the
best
way
,
if
he
can
,
to
bring
his
wife
with
him
,
whose
eie
wil
stoppe
infinite
abuses
amongst
his
people
,
and
disorders
in
his
house
,
vnlesse
hee
can
trust
therewith
some
one
of
his
owne
followers
,
that
may
carry
an
eye
and
charge
ouer
the
rest
.
But
if
himselfe
be
not
temperate
and
stayed
,
hee
presently
openeth
(
by
his
example
)
a
doore
vnto
the
disorders
of
his
familie
,
who
will
sooner
doe
euill
by
seeing
him
to
do
euill
,
then
they
will
doe
well
by
immitating
of
him
:
besides
that
,
hee
hath
his
mouth
stopt
,
if
hee
would
reprehend
or
punish
them
,
Nimium
est
negotij
continere
eos
quibus
praesis
,
nisi
te
ipse
contineas
.
It
is
a
hard
labour
to
make
those
that
are
vnder
thee
to
be
wise
,
if
thou
be
not
so
thy selfe
,
saieth
the
same
author
in
the
same
place
.
And
Tacitus
in
the
life
of
Agricola
saith
,
Domum
suam
coercere
plaerisque
haud
minus
arduum
est
,
quam
prouinciam
regere
.
And
concerning
this
poynt
of
temperancie
,
it
is
requisite
that
a
man
placed
in
such
a
charge
doe
moderate
himselfe
in
his
pleasures
,
not
only
in
respect
of
women
,
but
also
for
his
mouth
,
and
for
play
,
whereby
there
hath
growen
many
times
,
both
scandale
and
reproch
.
There
was
one
such
,
who
being
met
by
night
,
by
the
watch
of
the
Citie
,
receiued
the
shame
to
be
ledde
away
prisoner
:
and
when
hee
alleadged
his
qualitie
,
it
was
tolde
him
very
stowtly
,
by
one
that
fained
he
knew
him
not
:
The
Ambassador
of
France
is
too
wise
to
go
so
by
night
,
without
company
or
torch-light
.
A
while
after
,
a
forraine
Ambassador
being
then
at
Paris
,
going
by
night
to
visite
a
woman
,
attended
onely
with
a
lackey
,
was
stayed
,
and
put
vnder
safe-keeping
,
till
the
morning
that
the
king
(
that
last
died
)
was
aduertised
thereof
,
who
sent
for
him
,
and
turned
all
the
matter
into
a
ieast
.
Aboue
all
,
he
ought
not
to
touch
the
honour
of
women
of
good
name
,
for
husbands
and
fathers
are
impatient
of
such
attempts
,
for
which
euen
kings
haue
beene
driuen
from
their
estates
,
or
slaine
by
their
owne
subiects
.
Concerning
Drunkennesse
,
which
Seneca
caleth
a
voluntary
foly
,
I
maintaine
,
that
in
Germanie
,
Swisserland
,
Polonia
,
Denmarke
,
and
other
Countries
of
the
North
,
he
must
,
in
some
sorte
,
accommodate
himselfe
to
drinke
with
them
,
it
being
very
certaine
,
that
one
is
more
acceptable
vnto
them
therby
:
But
yet
he
must
withal
remember
the
Emperour
Bonosus
,
who
ordinarily
made
forraine
Ambassadors
drunken
for
to
learne
their
secrets
.
Others
haue
beene
slaine
amongest
wine
and
banqueting
.
Herodotus
and
Iosephus
recite
the
stories
thereof
.
And
in
truth
,
wine
and
secrecie
,
are
incompatible
thinges
,
and
this
fault
is
ill
befitting
the
dignity
of
him
that
representes
such
a
maiesty
,
Legatus
enim
ipsam
reipub
.
faciem
suam
attulisse
videtur
:
As
a
certaine
Author
hath
learnedly
saide
vppon
this
Argument
.
As
for
play
,
I
haue
seene
an
other
that
was
so
earnest
vnto
it
,
that
thereby
hee
forgate
the
businesses
of
his
charge
,
making
many
times
his
Maisters
messengers
to
giue
attendaunce
,
fifteene
or
twentie
dayes
for
his
pleasure
.
He
shall
therefore
so
accommodate
himselfe
vnto
the
manners
of
the
country
,
where
he
is
,
that
hee
neither
force
his
naturall
disposition
,
neither
be
perceiued
to
doe
it
purposedly
:
for
the
one
is
ridiculous
,
and
the
other
suspected
and
odious
.
An other
effect
of
his
temperance
shal
be
,
not
to
receiue
any
gifts
and
presents
,
neither
of
the
Prince
to
whome
hee
is
sent
,
nor
of
any
of
his
,
for
any
cause
whatsoeuer
,
vnlesse
at
such
time
,
as
hauing
taken
his
leaue
,
he
is
ready
to
take
horse
and
departe
.
The
Ambassadour
of
England
sir
Amias
Pawlet
,
would
not
receiue
the
chaine
of
golde
,
which
the
king
sent
vnto
him
,
according
to
the
custome
,
vntill
he
was
halfe
a
league
out
of
Paris
:
Giftes
doe
oblige
,
and
those
that
receiue
them
,
become
slaues
to
those
that
giue
them
:
much
more
if
they
take
a
pension
,
or
other
benefite
,
in
which
case
there
wil
be
either
a
staine
of
auarice
,
or
suspition
of
treason
,
and
that
is
capitall
in
many
places
.
But
there
is
nothing
more
hurtfull
to
his
reputation
then
vndiscreete
speaking
,
for
there
are
some
seene
who
at
the
table
and
at
euery
word
,
meddle
not
onely
with
particular
persons
,
but
with
the
Princes
also
to
whom
they
are
sent
:
finde
fault
with
the
forme
of
a
popular
gouernment
:
laugh
openly
at
the
manners
of
the
nation
where
they
are
.
This
indiscretion
cannot
be
endured
from
a
priuate
man
:
but
it
is
altogether
intolerable
from
the
mouth
of
an
Ambassador
,
who
in
doing
therof
,
doeth
not
any
longer
remember
wherefore
he
is
in
that
charge
:
since
that
the
principall
and
most
apparant
end
thereof
is
to
confirme
,
as
I
haue
said
,
and
to
entertaine
the
amitie
of
the
Prince
or
people
to
whom
he
is
sent
:
and
I
should
neede
a
resme
of
paper
,
to
reckon
vp
the
inconueniences
that
haue
befalne
throgh
such
indiscretion
,
&
the
danger
that
those
haue
incurred
which
could
not
commaund
their
tongues
.
I
will
onely
say
with
an
ancient
Writer
:
He
that
knoweth
how
to
speake
well
,
knoweth
also
when
hee
must
hold
his
peace
.
Whereas
besides
the
tediousnesse
of
much
speaking
,
the
same
hindereth
him
from
hearing
of
others
,
and
gathering
,
by
that
meanes
,
the
truth
of
such
matters
as
hoe
ought
to
know
in
his
charge
.
The
Lord
Cecill
high
Treasurer
of
England
had
this
dexteritie
,
that
he
left
not
one
at
his
table
,
whom
he
did
not
reason
with
,
and
heare
speake
at
their
turnes
.
And
concerning
those
which
speake
not
the
language
,
the
same
may
and
ought
to
be
doone
by
an
interpreter
,
who
is
present
for
that
effect
:
especially
in
popular
Estates
,
where
the
least
will
be
respected
as
well
as
the
greatest
.
Neither
can
I
forbeare
to
speake
of
those
who
spare
not
euen
their
maister
,
and
their
owne
nation
:
these
defaults
wherof
they
discouer
by
their
talke
,
and
by
the
same
meanes
confirme
that
opinion
which
strangers
haue
thereof
.
Our
country
is
our
mother
,
we
ought
not
to
reueale
the
shame
thereof
,
and
we
ought
to
be
as
iealous
thereof
as
of
our
owne
honour
:
for
it
is
ill
befitting
to
a
seruant
to
touch
the
honour
of
his
maister
,
to
publish
the
secrets
of
his
Court
,
to
controle
his
pleasures
,
and
blame
his
actions
;
especially
hee
must
take
heede
,
that
he
speake
not
in
publike
what
hee
iudgeth
touching
the
right
of
his
pretences
towards
any
Estate
:
for
either
hee
must
maintaine
them
to
be
iust
,
or
must
altogether
hold
his
peace
,
and
discreetly
turne
his
talke
to
other
matter
.
These
are
Arcana
imperij
,
whereof
Tacitus
speaketh
.
Courage
also
and
resolution
are
very
necessary
for
him
,
by
reason
of
the
hazards
,
intricate
affaires
,
oppositions
and
vexations
,
which
are
euermore
ordinary
with
those
that
serue
Princes
and
Commonwealths
:
And
euen
so
the
Romanes
wel
considering
the
perill
which
accompanieth
Ambassages
,
honoured
the
memory
of
those
that
died
in
that
charge
with
a
statue
:
for
which
cause
an
Ambassador
of
Athens
answered
so
freely
King
Philip
of
Macedon
,
who
threatned
him
,
that
he
would
cause
his
head
to
be
cut
off
:
If
thou
takest
this
head
from
me
,
my
Country
will
giue
mee
another
that
shall
be
immortall
:
Statuam
pro
capite
,
pro
morte
immortalitatem
.
Neuerthelesse
euery
one
would
not
like
of
such
a
change
,
and
some
would
rather
keepe
their
owne
:
and
if
the
Ambassadors
escaped
the
danger
,
and
had
well
serued
the
Commonwealth
,
there
were
recompenses
answerable
to
the
desertes
appointed
vnto
them
.
The
English
Ambassador
,
Sir
Edward
Stafford
,
on
the
day
,
or
the
next
day
after
the
Barricadoes
of
Paris
,
when
a
Lorde
of
the
faction
of
the
Duke
of
Guise
,
that
dead
is
,
woulde
haue
him
take
a
pas-port
or
safe-gard
from
the
said
duke
,
made
him
answer
:
I
am
vnder
the
safegard
of
the
law
of
nations
,
and
in
the
protection
of
the
King
,
to
whom
you
are
but
subiects
and
seruantes
.
This
proceeded
from
a
generous
resolution
,
euen
in
the
furies
of
a
popular
commotion
,
when
the
most
mutinous
could
do
all
,
and
good
men
feared
all
.
The
Lord
of
Mortfontaine
,
that
dead
is
,
going
Ambassadour
into
Swisserland
,
about
fiue
yeeres
past
,
and
being
to
passe
through
the
County
of
Burgundie
,
which
,
at
that
time
,
was
full
of
Spanish
and
Italian
Souldiers
going
into
Flaunders
,
spake
very
freely
vnto
those
of
the
parliament
of
Dole
,
which
would
haue
put
him
in
feare
,
to
the
end
,
that
hee
might
not
arriue
in
due
time
at
the
assembly
of
Baden
,
wherein
they
had
some
practise
against
the
Kings
seruice
.
That
he
was
vnder
the
assurance
of
the
Law
of
nations
,
and
of
the
Newtrality
,
and
in
the
protection
of
the
Lords
of
the
Cantons
,
and
that
they
should
readily
determine
to
make
his
passage
safe
,
and
this
furthered
him
:
albeit
that
which
he
aledged
of
the
Law
of
nations
was
very
disputable
:
as
I
told
him
as
soone
as
wee
were
out
of
danger
.
I
will
speake
a
worde
agayne
theereof
in
his
due
place
.
Furthermore
,
these
are
too
common
and
childish
precepts
,
to
admonish
him
to
be
patient
,
and
staied
,
if
he
see
any
to
breake
out
through
impatience
(
as
they
doe
most
commonly
)
who
thinke
they
haue
right
and
reason
on
their
sides
.
Especially
,
the
Swissers
and
Germans
,
who
are
cholerike
.
The
sence
being
distempered
,
choketh
reason
:
and
choller
is
an
enimy
to
counsaile
,
breeding
hatred
and
contempt
,
and
is
ill-befitting
to
euery
man
much
more
to
a
man
that
manageth
the
chiefe
affaires
of
an
Estate
,
which
many
times
hee
hurteth
through
his
hastinesse
,
coller
and
impatience
.
The
Frenchman
who
hath
his
bloud
hote
,
and
his
spirit
more
stirring
,
hath
consequently
certaine
quicke
dispositions
,
which
other
Nations
doe
not
allow
of
;
at
least
,
they
woulde
bee
more
tolerable
in
martiall
men
,
yea
,
in
any
other
man
,
than
in
an
Ambassador
,
and
Counsellor
of
Estate
.
I
wish
neuerthelesse
that
he
would
moderate
his
grauitie
so
,
as
it
be
not
hautie
,
as
that
of
the
Spaniards
oftentimes
is
,
in
their
speach
,
countenance
,
traine
and
gate
:
One
that
hath
beene
Ambassador
in
England
since
in
France
,
for
the
last
King
of
Spaine
was
wont
to
say
:
Dios
es
poderoso
en
el
ciel
,
y
,
el
Rey
d'Espagna
en
la
tierra
.
He
had
his
horses
and
coach
garnished
with
litle
bels
,
and
hauing
but
three
steppes
from
his
lodging
to
the
Church
,
neverthelesse
,
both
he
and
his
traine
woulde
mount
on
horsebacke
in
their
litter
or
coach
.
The
letters
of
occurrents
reporte
,
that
an
other
,
departing
from
Rome
to
follow
the
Pope
went
forth
with
seauen
litters
,
six
coaches
,
drawne
euery
one
with
sixe
horses
,
two
hundred
seruants
,
sixty
wagons
loaden
with
baggage
,
and
the
first
day
hee
passed
not
the
first
gate
.
This
fashion
is
held
for
good
amongest
them
.
Let
vs
returne
into
our
way
againe
,
for
to
adde
vnto
our
Ambassador
one
of
the
worthiest
qualities
which
hee
can
purchase
vnto
himselfe
.
That
is
,
to
be
,
and
to
seeme
,
a
most
discreete
man
.
The
which
he
cannot
better
do
,
then
by
these
two
vertues
,
to
be
Charitable
and
Veritable
.
For
the
former
,
there
are
some
which
repine
at
that
which
is
giuen
to
the
poore
,
and
neuerthelesse
,
are
otherwise
at
great
expences
,
as
if
the
one
and
the
other
were
incompatible
things
.
Our
forefathers
did
say
,
that
Wisdome
and
Honesty
make
a
discreet
man
.
Then
what
may
a
man
expect
of
the
honesty
of
such
a
one
as
refuseth
the
guift
of
a
halfepenny
to
a
begger
,
or
of
his
wisdome
,
if
he
would
be
accounted
liberall
,
and
neuerthelesse
spareth
halfe
a
dozen
of
Crownes
in
almes
euery
yeare
?
This
is
matter
for
Preachers
,
and
Ecclesiastes
saith
,
Fili
,
ne
auertas
oculos
tuos
ab
egeno
.
And
if
one
must
not
turne
away
his
eyes
from
seeing
the
miserable
,
much
lesse
is
it
lawfull
to
reproach
and
reuile
them
,
and
to
adde
an
iniury
to
a
refusall
.
The
other
marke
of
discretion
,
is
,
to
be
veritable
sparing
in
promising
&
religious
in
obseruing
that
once
he
hath
promised
:
for
naturally
one
is
lesse
offended
at
a
refusal
then
at
an
vnfaithfulnes
:
nothing
wil
so
much
preserue
his
reputation
,
especially
amongst
merchants
and
mony-men
:
There
hauing
bene
such
an
Ambassador
seene
,
as
by
his
credit
alone
hath
borowed
so
notable
a
summe
,
and
by
the
same
done
so
worthy
seruice
to
his
Master
,
that
at
the
last
,
he
hath
both
deserued
,
and
receiued
a
great
reward
:
But
the
reward
which
is
most
pleasing
to
a
good
man
,
is
the
honour
it selfe
which
ariseth
vnto
him
by
his
vertue
.
The
Germans
and
other
Nations
of
that
Climate
make
more
account
of
a
promise
made
,
then
wee
doe
,
who
most
commonly
serue
our
turnes
therewith
to
ridde
our
handes
of
such
as
are
importunate
.
I
haue
alwaies
seene
Monsieur
de
Sillary
(
who
hath
beene
neere
about
eight
yeeres
Ambassador
in
Swisserland
,
and
hath
there
serued
the
King
very
profitably
,
during
the
desperate
estate
of
our
affaires
)
be
verie
sparing
in
making
any
promise
to
the
Swissers
.
For
those
people
,
for
the
most
part
,
do
note
downe
,
the
place
,
day
and
houre
,
that
they
were
spoken
with
,
yea
euery
word
of
an
Ambassador
,
still
seeking
to
engage
him
in
his
promise
:
and
do
carefully
keepe
the
letters
which
hee
writeth
vnto
them
:
and
take
hold
of
the
very
hopes
that
are
giuen
vnto
them
:
and
would
make
the
same
to
stand
insteed
of
a
bill
or
obligation
:
how
much
more
a
promise
written
,
or
his
word
giuen
?
Let
our
Ambassador
,
therefore
remember
the
saying
of
an
aundent
Writer
:
Thinke
an
houre
before
you
speake
,
and
a
day
before
you
promise
.
And
further
,
one
hath
time
among
them
to
bethinke
himselfe
and
deliberate
of
that
which
is
to
be
answered
vnto
them
,
and
they
themselues
vse
the
same
maner
.
But
much
more
sparing
ought
he
to
be
to
oblige
his
Master
:
and
although
he
haue
ful
authoritie
to
doe
it
,
neuerthelesse
he
shall
do
well
,
if
the
seruice
of
his
Maister
permit
it
,
to
giue
him
aduice
therof
,
before
the
conclusion
and
contract
be
passed
,
for
besides
that
the
wils
of
Princes
are
subiect
to
changes
,
that
which
hee
shall
do
,
shal
be
so
much
the
more
authorized
,
and
himselfe
be
without
reproach
.
I
will
adde
this
word
by
the
way
vpon
this
point
of
contracts
and
treaties
,
that
they
ought
to
be
couched
in
termes
plaine
,
not
ambiguous
,
nor
captious
,
and
to
follow
as
much
as
may
be
,
the
termes
and
clauses
of
presidents
.
The
Ambassador
makes
the
Prince
to
speake
therein
,
for
whom
it
is
vnseemely
to
vse
ambiguities
and
subtilties
,
for
feare
lest
it
be
told
him
as
it
was
to
the
Emperour
Charles
the
fist
,
by
Duke
Mauritius
,
vpon
the
equiuocation
of
these
two
words
:
Enig
and
Enig
:
Sir
,
these
subtilties
are
meet
for
an
Aduocate
,
but
not
for
an
Emperour
.
True
it
is
,
that
there
is
not
almost
any
publike
charge
,
wherein
there
is
more
lying
,
and
sometimes
by
the
Masters
commaundement
,
and
for
the
good
of
his
seruice
,
as
I
will
shew
by
and
by
.
I
haue
seene
some
of
them
,
who
through
an
habitude
of
lying
,
haue
of
men
of
fidelity
,
become
at
last
very
sound
liers
.
Ecclesiasticus
also
saith
,
that
the
vse
thereof
is
euill
.
Noli
velle
mentiri
omne
mendacium
:
assiduitas
enim
illius
non
est
bona
.
Others
ther
are
,
who
that
they
may
not
lie
so
aparantly
,
helpe
themselues
with
ambiguous
tearmes
,
couched
so
artificially
,
that
the
subtilest
heads
knowe
not
where
to
find
an
Yea
or
a
Nay
.
In
these
ther
is
least
harme
:
and
they
escape
best
when
they
are
sommoned
and
do
lesse
wrong
to
their
Masters
,
and
to
his
reputation
:
neuerthelesse
this
shift
is
soone
smelled
out
and
descried
:
and
the
lier
g●●neth
thus
much
thereby
,
that
he
is
not
belieued
,
euen
when
hee
telleth
truth
.
Let
him
be
therefore
true
in
his
words
,
mindefull
of
that
which
he
hath
promised
,
correspondent
to
himselfe
,
holding
alwayes
agreeable
conclusions
in
his
discourses
:
to
the
end
that
the
contrary
be
not
imputed
to
him
for
follie
and
vnstayednesse
.
Here
ariseth
a
question
,
to
wit
,
If
a
man
,
to
liue
ciuillie
,
ought
to
be
more
enclined
to
refuse
,
than
to
grant
:
forasmuch
as
some
make
all
demaunds
and
requests
that
are
made
vnto
them
so
difficult
,
that
they
seeme
to
doe
it
of
purpose
to
excuse
themselues
from
them
.
Others
neuer
refuse
any
thing
,
for
not
discontenting
any
man
for
the
present
time
Guicciardine
seemeth
to
leane
to
this
opinion
,
that
one
ought
not
to
refuse
any
thing
absolutely
:
because
,
saith
he
,
if
the
request
be
for
a
thing
hereafter
to
come
,
or
for
a
matter
that
dependeth
on
the
will
of
another
:
there
happen
many
occasions
by
which
thou
maist
be
discharged
of
thy
promise
,
whereas
by
a
flat
deniall
,
or
in
making
the
matter
difficult
,
thou
offendest
thy
friend
.
I
beleeue
that
there
is
a
meane
betweene
these
two
extreamities
:
for
the
wise
Ambassador
,
by
giuing
other
counsel
and
direction
,
or
testifying
a
good
wil
by
other
gratious
effects
and
honest
speeches
,
may
mollifie
the
deniall
which
many
times
he
is
inforced
to
vse
to
demands
that
are
made
out
of
time
,
and
without
reason
.
A
lesson
in
particular
,
for
the
Ambassadors
of
Swisserland
,
and
the
Grisons
,
whose
affaires
are
full
of
such
importunities
,
I
meane
for
those
that
shall
come
after
Monsieur
de
Vicque
,
who
hauing
gotten
so
much
reputation
in
the
other
charges
which
he
hath
managed
heretofore
,
doth
in
this
one
surmount
himselfe
.
And
to
returne
to
our
matter
,
the
same
Guicciardine
saieth
,
that
when
a
Prince
would
deceiue
his
companion
,
he
first
deceiueth
his
Ambassador
,
to
the
intent
that
his
reasons
may
be
the
more
effectuall
,
and
his
perswasions
may
carry
weight
:
for
there
is
lesse
affection
vsed
in
that
which
is
dissembled
.
But
whether
must
he
lie
vppon
his
owne
knowledge
for
his
Masters
seruice
,
as
I
said
before
?
Some
excuse
it
vpon
the
Maisters
commandement
,
saying
,
that
he
is
sufficiently
discharged
,
in
hauing
done
or
said
that
which
was
enioyned
him
:
no
more
,
nor
no
lesse
then
the
subiect
which
beareth
armes
for
his
Prince
,
and
asketh
not
whether
the
warre
be
just
or
no.
But
indeede
this
seemeth
hard
vnto
a
good
man
,
that
doeth
not
willingly
wound
his
conscience
,
to
get
the
Title
of
a
sufficient
man
:
this
is
also
hard
vnto
a
man
of
a
generous
and
open
spirite
,
who
in
lying
doth
violence
to
his
naturall
disposition
:
for
lying
&
dissimulation
are
assured
marks
of
an
ignoble
hart
,
and
of
a
man
basely
borne
.
So
the
Satire
would
no
longer
conuerse
with
the
man
,
after
he
had
seene
him
blowe
hot
and
cold
out
of
one
mouth
.
Considering
also
,
that
a
good
man
ought
alwayes
to
set
before
his
eyes
,
Honour
and
Conscience
,
although
there
were
profit
in
doing
euill
.
His
charge
in
Generall
.
LEt
vs
now
speake
of
the
matter
of
his
charge
,
but
generally
,
forasmuch
as
the
diuersitie
of
Estates
and
affaires
require
also
a
diuersitie
of
instructions
,
for
otherwise
is
he
to
beare
himselfe
in
a
popular
estate
then
with
a
Soueraigne
Prince
.
Solemne
speeches
and
declamations
are
yet
in
some
vse
amongst
popular
Estates
and
common-wealths
:
and
these
they
must
after
deliuer
vnto
them
in
writing
,
because
they
will
not
be
mistooken
,
and
will
haue
time
to
make
answer
.
There
are
more
formalities
,
and
complements
obserued
in
one
place
than
in
another
.
In
Swisserland
there
must
be
more
mony
than
arte
,
more
good
cheere
than
faire
words
.
For
which
cause
,
some
of
them
prayed
me
to
tell
the
King
,
that
they
had
more
need
of
a
Treasurer
with
mony
,
than
of
an
Ambassador
with
wordes
.
In
some
other
Estates
Honour
swayeth
most
,
together
with
Complements
,
and
streames
of
Rhetorike
.
The
very
respect
of
Religion
hath
had
more
force
with
some
Princes
than
monie
:
hereof
in
our
time
,
wee
haue
hadde
experience
.
Some
instructions
are
limited
,
and
some
at
the
discretion
of
him
that
is
sent
,
as
in
affairs
of
secrecie
,
and
such
,
as
whereof
no
certainty
or
knowledge
can
be
had
,
but
in
the
place
if
selfe
being
then
represented
to
the
sight
.
Some
also
are
for
a
time
,
and
for
one
matter
:
othersome
for
a
long
time
,
and
diuers
businesses
,
and
by
reason
to
the
difference
of
affaires
,
the
same
is
infinite
,
as
I
haue
before
saide
.
Yet
a
man
may
giue
it
this
one
generall
rule
;
That
as
much
as
possibly
hee
can
,
hee
employ
the
words
,
termes
,
reasons
and
conclusions
that
are
comprehended
in
his
instructions
to
be
alwaies
aiming
the
will
of
his
Maister
.
Demosthenes
saide
:
Wee
giue
them
not
forces
or
shippes
of
warre
to
manage
,
but
words
,
daies
,
houres
,
and
moments
,
and
they
also
are
to
giue
an
account
euen
to
sillables
and
minutes
,
if
they
doe
any
thing
to
the
preiudice
of
the
Common-wealth
.
Plato
in
his
Commonwealth
,
would
,
that
those
that
had
done
or
saide
one
thing
for
another
,
should
be
punished
with
death
.
Mandatum
i●sdem
verbis
,
quoad
eius
fieri
potuit
,
perfici
debet
,
as
the
Lawe
sayeth
:
Yea
,
and
an
Ambassador
ought
to
desire
that
his
commission
be
giuen
him
in
writing
,
when
the
affaire
whereabout
he
goieth
to
treat
,
is
of
great
consequence
,
or
that
the
effect
thereof
is
odious
.
And
in
this
case
hee
shall
be
rightly
counsailed
to
giue
vp
his
speech
in
writing
,
as
those
did
whom
the
Senate
sent
to
Anthonie
,
for
feare
of
displeasing
him
:
And
as
of
late
an
Ambassador
of
Paris
did
to
a
neighbour
Princesse
,
to
whome
he
caried
a
message
,
with
threatning
hir
,
if
she
did
not
forbeare
to
giue
succours
vnto
her
confederates
,
and
he
did
well
:
for
it
was
resolued
to
detaine
him
,
if
he
had
not
shewed
his
instructions
sufficiently
ratified
.
Yea
,
and
although
the
affaires
for
the
which
hee
was
sent
,
hath
not
sorted
to
good
effect
,
yet
shall
hee
be
excused
for
hauing
followed
his
instructions
.
And
withall
,
in
a
limited
authoritie
,
one
is
not
alwayes
admitted
to
say
:
I
haue
done
better
than
it
was
enioyned
me
,
for
that
is
to
seeme
to
be
wiser
than
his
Maister
and
his
counsell
.
An
example
whereof
in
a
case
of
warre
in
Posthumius
,
Manlius
and
other
Romanes
,
which
caused
their
owne
sons
to
be
put
to
death
,
for
hauing
fought
with
the
ennemy
without
leaue
,
although
with
prosperous
successe
.
An
example
also
in
him
who
hauing
receiued
commandement
to
cause
a
great
mast
of
a
ship
,
to
be
brought
,
Did
chuse
one
somwhat
lesser
,
which
he
said
was
fitter
for
the
purpose
:
and
said
truth
,
neuerthelesse
was
blamed
for
it
.
And
in
our
fathers
time
,
The
Mareschall
de
Thermes
being
General
in
Scotland
of
the
Kings
army
,
gaue
a
rewarde
to
a
Souldier
that
had
first
mounted
vpon
the
bulwarke
of
a
fort
which
he
besieged
,
wherupon
insued
the
gaining
of
the
fort
:
and
an
howre
after
caused
him
to
be
hanged
for
hauing
beene
so
hardy
,
as
to
goe
thither
without
commaundement
.
But
(
not
to
depart
from
our
present
argument
)
Metrodorus
being
sent
in
the
behalfe
of
his
maister
Mithridates
to
King
Tigranes
,
to
request
him
to
ioyne
his
forces
with
him
in
the
warre
which
he
entended
against
the
Romans
,
was
punished
for
hauing
made
this
double
answere
to
Tigranes
,
who
asked
his
aduice
therein
:
As
being
an
Ambassador
I
counsell
you
vnto
it
:
but
as
being
Metrodorus
,
I
am
not
of
that
opinion
:
and
he
said
well
,
for
his
Master
would
gladly
haue
beene
ridde
of
so
dangerous
an
enterprise
.
It
is
therefore
better
,
to
faile
in
obeying
,
than
to
incurre
the
hazard
of
being
disallowed
in
well
doing
:
especially
in
these
limited
authorities
.
But
Princes
sometimes
are
ill
warrants
for
such
things
as
they
haue
commanded
,
how
much
more
for
those
things
that
they
haue
not
commaunded
?
The
Athenians
caused
the
Ambassadors
which
they
sent
into
Arcadia
to
bee
put
to
death
,
for
hauing
tooken
an
other
way
than
was
commanded
them
.
And
it
is
not
very
long
since
that
a
Secretarie
of
Estate
wrote
vnto
an
Ambassador
,
the
which
had
,
of
his
owne
head
,
and
yet
not
without
good
cause
,
hazarded
,
certain
monies
of
the
kings
,
through
a
dangerous
way
;
His
Maiestie
thinks
well
of
it
,
since
that
the
matter
hath
falne
out
well
.
And
it
doth
not
often
happen
,
that
the
Ambassador
hath
so
little
time
,
that
he
cannot
both
giue
and
aske
aduice
of
his
master
concerning
the
same
.
Which
is
alwayes
the
meetest
and
surest
way
,
to
make
apparant
vnto
him
,
both
his
respectiuenesse
,
and
diligence
.
Another
point
is
,
de
libero
mandato
,
and
of
instructions
not
signed
nor
limited
:
or
else
of
those
,
to
which
the
Athenians
added
,
Legati
praeterea
quicquid
boni
possunt
agunto
.
In
this
case
they
had
full
libertie
to
threate
,
doe
,
and
conclude
that
which
they
iudged
to
be
profitable
for
the
seruice
of
their
Soueraigne
.
There
are
also
some
affaires
so
secret
,
so
important
,
so
vrgent
,
so
desperate
,
that
it
is
expedient
to
committe
all
to
the
wisedome
of
the
Ambassador
,
as
Tacitus
saith
,
speaking
of
Drusus
,
who
was
sent
in
the
behalfe
of
his
father
Tiberius
toward
the
mutinous
Legions
:
Nullis
certis
mandatis
ex
re
consulturum
mittit
:
and
as
in
former
times
when
the
Commonwealth
was
in
danger
,
all
was
committed
to
the
power
and
will
of
the
Dictator
.
Neuerthelesse
men
placed
in
great
charge
are
so
exposed
vnto
enuie
and
slaunder
,
that
our
Ambassador
shall
doe
very
discreetely
,
not
to
conclude
any
thing
without
his
Masters
commandement
,
as
I
haue
said
,
out
of
his
due
place
.
Vnlesse
,
when
the
matter
cannot
admit
any
delay
,
to
communicate
it
with
two
or
three
of
the
most
experienced
seruants
that
his
Master
hath
in
the
Country
where
hee
is
,
for
the
matter
happening
to
fall
out
ill
,
hee
shall
auoide
the
reproach
of
hauing
done
it
alone
,
and
without
aduice
.
The
which
I
say
also
,
and
chiefly
for
him
that
shall
haue
his
remembrances
in
expresse
words
,
and
signed
:
to
whom
neuerthelesse
some
newe
accident
might
befall
,
which
was
neither
foreseene
,
nor
comprehended
within
his
commission
,
for
oftentimes
the
Agents
and
Ministers
of
Princes
doe
finde
at
their
arriuall
,
matters
other-therwise
disposed
then
was
before
imagined
;
especially
in
time
of
warre
,
and
in
a
country
farre
distant
.
And
there
needeth
to
a
new
businesse
a
new
aduice
:
as
namely
,
if
he
had
bin
commanded
to
vse
gentle
and
gratious
tearmes
,
it
may
be
peraduenture
more
needefull
that
he
spake
roughly
and
in
threatning
maner
,
or
to
change
and
omit
something
enioyned
by
his
instructions
.
Hee
shall
likewise
haue
this
aduice
of
me
,
that
through
too
much
diligence
and
earnestnesse
,
hee
giue
not
or
augment
the
suspition
which
might
be
had
of
the
cause
of
his
comming
,
and
that
he
doe
not
discouer
it
,
through
too
much
arte
and
talking
.
The
great
preparation
of
him
that
feareth
to
be
surprised
,
maketh
his
feare
to
increase
:
and
his
feare
augmenteth
his
enemies
courage
:
it
being
otherwise
very
certaine
,
that
all
things
which
are
affected
,
disguised
,
or
augmented
,
are
naturally
suspected
.
Yet
another
aduice
,
which
is
,
that
there
are
some
,
who
at
their
comming
make
the
affaires
of
their
Maister
or
Commonwealth
,
to
be
so
feeble
,
and
so
desperate
,
as
nothing
more
,
thinking
to
stirre
vp
compassion
,
and
to
be
the
sooner
succoured
;
but
many
Princes
contemne
those
that
are
in
necessitie
,
and
do
no
good
but
to
those
whom
they
feare
,
or
from
whom
they
expect
profite
.
Yea
,
there
are
some
that
reiect
the
distressed
,
accompting
that
they
are
abandoned
of
God
and
Fortune
,
all
at
once
:
as
if
God
had
no
other
ther
blessing
than
that
of
the
goods
of
fortune
:
but
a
holy
Father
of
the
Church
hath
holily
saide
,
Multa
deus
negat
propicius
,
quae
concedit
iratus
.
God
is
not
alwayes
angrie
when
hee
denieth
vs
any
thing
.
God
is
not
alwayes
pleased
when
he
granteth
vs
any
thing
.
He
must
therefore
remember
,
that
oftentimes
the
countenance
carrieth
away
the
game
,
and
that
compassion
is
not
lodged
,
but
in
a
truely
humane
,
and
christian
heart
,
and
seldome
indeede
in
the
hearts
of
the
Mightie
,
and
of
their
Counselors
.
We
saide
then
,
that
many
things
ought
to
be
left
to
the
discretion
of
a
wise
Ambassador
,
without
binding
his
tongue
and
hands
.
Mitte
sapientem
&
nihildicito
.
But
when
he
hath
carried
himselfe
therein
like
an
honest
man
,
it
is
wickedly
done
to
reward
him
with
a
dissalowance
,
and
such
Princes
deserue
not
to
be
serued
of
honest
men
,
especially
when
they
haue
done
well
.
Industrie
and
Diligence
are
of
our selues
but
a
happy
successe
is
from
heauen
.
Neuerthelesse
there
are
some
things
subiect
to
dissallowance
,
as
are
the
haughtie
and
insolent
words
which
an
Ambassador
hath
vsed
,
or
else
the
secret
plottes
and
practises
,
which
he
worketh
in
the
Estate
where
he
is
resident
,
if
it
be
without
commandement
,
and
euen
populare
estates
haue
made
a
prouiso
for
the
same
,
without
expecting
a
dissallowance
.
Amongst
others
,
there
is
an
expresse
law
amongst
the
Grisons
,
made
in
the
month
of
February
,
MDLXXX
by
which
,
all
Agentes
,
Ministers
,
and
Factors
of
forraine
Princes
,
are
prohibited
to
make
any
secret
or
open
complotts
,
or
else
to
spreade
any
new
thing
among
the
people
,
without
aduertizing
the
generall
assembly
of
their
three
Cantons
,
vpon
paine
of
being
held
prisoners
.
This
lawe
is
closely
in
all
other
Estates
,
if
it
be
not
expressed
in
words
:
whereof
we
will
anone
speake
in
his
place
.
As
for
words
,
it
is
certaine
that
how
absolute
soeuer
the
Prince
,
or
great
the
Commonwealth
is
which
he
representeth
,
the
respect
and
the
ciuilitie
which
hee
looketh
for
,
is
reciprocall
on
his
part
.
The
more
or
the
lesse
is
referred
to
his
discretion
the
which
he
ought
to
haue
for
guide
and
mistres
in
all
his
actions
.
The
kezar
or
great
duke
of
Muscouie
causd
an
Ambassadors
hat
to
be
naild
to
his
head
,
for
not
hauing
done
him
honour
enough
.
Such
a
one
would
rather
haue
cast
his
hat
vnder
his
feet
.
The
Doctor
B.
speaking
vnto
the
Counsaile
of
the
late
King
,
in
the
behalfe
of
his
Maister
,
vsed
so
vnciuill
wordes
,
that
hee
offended
euery
man
:
and
it
was
not
beleeued
that
his
commission
warranted
such
language
,
neuerthelesse
they
would
not
aggrauate
matters
then
.
Anthonie
caused
the
Ambassadour
of
Augustus
to
bee
whipt
,
for
hauing
spoken
to
Cleopatra
with
too
little
respect
:
and
the
Greekish
Emperor
Emanuel
caused
,
for
the
like
occasion
,
the
Venetian
Ambassadors
eyes
to
be
plucked
out
,
for
sometimes
Ambassadours
bearing
themselues
bold
on
the
greatnesse
of
their
Masters
,
do
forget
themselues
,
and
especially
those
that
are
brought
vp
in
popular
Estates
,
and
which
are
accustomed
to
a
liberty
of
speaking
,
as
the
Romans
in
former
times
.
It
is
a
story
worthy
to
be
noted
of
one
of
the
two
Ambassadours
which
those
of
Thebes
sent
vnto
king
Artaxerxes
,
who
seeing
the
honour
which
was
giuen
vnto
him
,
to
be
great
,
and
verie
neere
vnto
adoration
,
that
hee
might
not
bee
reprehended
for
doing
too
much
or
too
little
therein
,
fained
in
saluting
him
,
to
take
vp
his
ring
,
which
he
had
of
purpose
let
fall
vppon
the
ground
.
Contrariwise
Timagoras
being
sent
in
the
behalfe
of
those
of
Athens
to
the
same
King
was
reprehended
for
hauing
done
honor
vnto
him
,
not
as
a
Citizen
of
Athens
,
but
as
a
subiect
of
Persia
.
In
like
maner
,
there
are
great
submissions
to
be
done
to
the
grand
Signor
by
al
the
Ambassadors
,
to
whom
,
or
the
greater
part
of
them
,
he
giueth
entertainement
by
mouth
,
and
there
is
danger
in
omitting
them
.
For
perhappes
it
would
not
happen
so
well
with
al
men
,
as
it
did
once
to
an
Ambassador
of
France
,
that
was
so
ielous
of
the
dignitie
of
his
Master
,
that
hee
handsomely
shifted
himselfe
out
of
the
handes
of
two
Baschaes
,
that
conducted
him
according
to
the
custome
,
and
on
a
sodaine
presented
himselfe
to
the
Grand
Signor
,
without
doing
him
any
other
honour
than
that
which
is
giuen
vnto
the
Princes
of
Christendome
.
His
freedome
and
plainenesse
serued
him
for
an
excuse
:
but
his
successor
in
that
charge
,
which
was
his
Nephew
,
would
not
vse
the
like
:
he
ought
therefore
to
holde
his
degree
and
the
dignitie
of
his
Maister
prouided
,
that
it
be
without
contempt
of
the
Prince
to
whom
he
is
sent
,
and
so
Monsieur
de
la
Noue
speaketh
therof
in
this
iudicious
obseruations
vpon
Guicciardine
.
See
yet
another
aduice
which
is
not
to
be
neglected
,
which
is
,
that
he
accept
no
charge
or
commission
from
any
other
than
his
Maister
.
An
Ambassage
and
a
Comedie
are
different
things
;
A
man
cannot
therein
play
diuerse
partes
vnder
diuers
garments
,
for
feare
lest
it
befall
him
as
it
did
to
an
Ambassador
sent
to
the
Emperor
,
who
being
requested
by
a
Cardinall
to
doe
in
his
name
,
faith
,
homage
,
and
submission
,
for
certaine
lands
held
held
of
the
Emperor
,
was
admitted
to
doe
it
,
but
not
without
the
mockery
of
those
which
had
seene
him
the
day
before
in
his
dignitie
of
an
Ambassador
,
the
which
hee
destained
by
this
submission
,
doeing
wrong
to
his
owne
reputation
and
to
the
greatnesse
of
his
ma●ster
,
both
at
once
.
Neyther
at
his
returne
from
his
charge
,
ought
he
to
bring
credence
or
message
from
him
to
whom
hee
had
beene
sent
,
besides
the
busines
which
he
went
to
treate
of
:
for
that
is
suspicious
and
ill
befitting
,
if
it
be
not
betweene
Princes
that
are
neere
of
blood
and
very
good
friendes
,
and
for
a
matter
common
betweene
them
,
and
not
odious
.
But
to
returne
to
the
matter
of
his
charge
,
if
he
haue
not
lessons
giuen
him
by
writing
,
it
is
no
danger
to
tell
him
in
generall
,
that
hee
shall
do
well
to
learne
,
what
is
the
forme
of
gouernment
of
the
Countrie
wherein
hee
is
,
the
limites
,
greatnesse
and
largenesse
thereof
,
the
maners
of
the
people
,
the
number
of
places
of
strength
,
hauens
and
vessels
,
the
store-houses
of
munition
,
the
forces
of
warre
for
sea
and
land
,
what
may
be
drawne
out
of
the
Country
without
vnfurnishing
the
frontiers
and
places
of
importance
;
the
entrances
into
the
Countrie
,
the
ordinarie
and
extraordinarie
reuenewe
;
the
Treasure
and
meane
in
ready
mony
;
the
alliances
offensiue
and
defensiue
with
other
Princes
and
Estates
neare
or
far
off
;
the
traffike
,
commerse
,
plentie
and
fertilitie
thereof
:
and
if
it
be
a
Prince
,
to
know
the
humour
and
inclination
of
him
,
and
of
those
that
rule
most
about
him
to
know
the
discontentment
the
people
hath
of
his
behauiour
,
the
iealousies
and
practises
of
the
Great-ones
,
the
factions
and
particularities
in
the
estate
,
and
whether
it
be
for
the
state
,
or
for
religion
,
or
for
any
other
occasion
,
his
yearely
expences
,
both
for
his
house
,
as
for
his
frontiers
and
garrisons
.
Aboue
all
,
let
him
always
haue
an
eye
abroad
into
the
country
,
to
discouer
,
if
there
be
any
stirring
against
the
seruice
of
his
Maister
,
or
against
his
confederates
.
The
which
he
shall
much
better
learne
,
if
hee
be
dayly
attendant
at
the
Court
,
vnlesse
at
such
times
as
the
king
withdraweth
himselfe
for
his
recreation
:
(
for
,
in
such
a
case
hee
should
make
himselfe
to
be
held
suspected
and
importunate
)
in
popular
Estates
to
be
alwayes
present
at
their
diets
,
meetings
,
and
assemblies
,
or
to
haue
some
one
of
his
owne
company
there
,
to
the
end
that
there
be
no
euill
resolution
taken
to
the
preiudice
of
his
master
.
He
ought
also
to
visite
the
princepall
Councellors
,
the
Secretaries
of
Estate
,
and
amongest
others
,
him
that
Hath
the
charge
of
forraine
affaires
,
to
entertaine
them
at
times
with
magnificence
and
affability
;
but
yet
seldome
.
He
shal
also
visit
the
Ambassadors
of
other
Princes
and
Common
wealths
,
that
are
resident
in
the
same
Court
,
but
yet
sparingly
,
that
he
may
not
gine
them
a
shadow
of
himselfe
.
A
forraine
Ambassador
that
was
of
late
in
our
Court
,
saw
no
man
,
nor
suffered
himselfe
to
be
seene
but
once
in
three
moneths
.
And
God
knoweth
if
his
aduices
were
slender
and
barren
.
Cyneas
being
Ambassador
for
Pyrrhus
vnto
the
Romans
did
much
better
.
He
knew
al
the
Senators
and
saluted
them
euery
one
by
his
name
.
Which
made
him
the
more
acceptable
and
fauoured
.
I
haue
seene
some
Ambassadors
of
Venice
to
performe
this
poynt
with
much
dexteritie
:
&
for
the
most
part
they
haue
no
neede
but
of
this
instruction
,
for
the
relations
which
at
their
returne
they
are
accustomed
to
present
to
the
Signeurie
maketh
those
which
succeed
them
to
be
sufficiently
instructed
in
that
which
they
ought
to
know
in
an
Estate
.
Yet
must
our
Ambassador
,
in
this
,
aswell
as
in
all
the
other
prates
of
his
charge
,
vse
great
discretion
,
for
that
all
Princes
are
naturally
iealous
of
the
secrecies
of
their
Estates
.
There
is
an
expresse
law
of
Honorius
and
Theodosius
de
alieni
regni
arcanis
non
scrutandis
.
I
remember
that
the
late
Monsieur
B.
who
followed
Monsieur
the
late
Duke
of
Aniow
into
England
,
was
there
maligned
for
his
vndiscreete
curiositie
,
although
that
otherwise
hee
was
esteemed
for
his
learning
.
Being
at
dinner
with
an
English
Lord
,
he
beganne
to
speake
of
the
succession
(
a
matter
then
amongst
them
odious
and
capitall
)
and
affirmed
,
that
a
certaine
Princesse
was
the
presumptiue
inheritrix
thereunto
:
notwithstanding
a
certaine
law
which
seemed
to
exclude
those
that
were
borne
out
of
the
land
:
and
yet
,
saide
he
,
I
know
not
where
this
law
is
for
all
the
diligence
which
I
haue
vsed
to
finde
it
out
.
It
was
sodainely
replied
vnto
him
by
this
Lord
:
You
shall
finde
it
on
the
backe
side
of
the
Salicque
law
,
a
iudicious
and
biting
rebound
,
which
instantly
stopt
the
curiositie
of
this
man
,
which
indeede
was
in
all
respects
out
of
season
:
for
at
that
time
there
was
a
treaty
of
marriage
betweene
his
Master
and
the
Queene
of
England
.
Neither
doth
Plutarch
place
this
discourse
of
Bodin
amongst
talke
fit
for
the
table
.
And
in
truth
it
was
taken
in
ill
part
,
that
this
man
had
written
and
published
some
matter
of
England
,
vpon
report
of
some
particular
men
,
without
other
verification
.
Therefore
in
searching
out
these
matters
he
ought
to
be
wonderfully
discreete
and
considerate
.
In
France
all
things
are
exposed
to
the
curiositie
of
strangers
,
partly
through
our
naturall
libertie
in
speaking
of
all
things
,
partly
by
reason
of
the
fashions
in
the
estate
,
and
the
diuisions
in
religion
,
which
for
the
space
of
fortie
yeares
haue
shaken
France
:
but
principally
,
through
the
greatnesse
and
largeness
of
this
Estate
,
wherein
it
is
more
difficult
to
remedy
this
mischiefe
,
then
in
alesser
Realme
,
or
small
Commonwealth
,
where
it
is
easier
to
stoppe
priuate
mens
mouths
.
Amongst
the
meanes
howe
to
be
enformed
of
the
affaires
of
a
Country
,
besides
mony
which
maketh
the
closest
Cabinets
of
Princes
to
flie
open
,
there
is
one
more
open
,
and
lesse
suspected
.
Which
is
,
entertainement
at
the
table
,
which
obligeth
many
people
,
and
especially
those
,
who
to
haue
a
free
recourse
thereunto
,
or
to
drawe
from
the
Ambassador
some
dosen
of
crownes
,
smell
out
all
the
newes
and
report
them
vnto
him
,
at
his
table
,
or
in
priuate
.
True
it
is
that
they
are
not
always
of
a
true
stample
,
and
it
behooueth
a
wise
man
to
weigh
them
well
,
and
learne
the
truth
thereof
,
before
he
make
vse
of
it
,
and
that
,
if
possibly
he
can
,
he
await
the
proceeding
and
issue
of
the
matter
,
and
the
effect
of
a
deliberation
that
is
taken
,
before
he
giue
aduise
thereof
:
for
that
all
things
in
the
worlde
are
subiect
to
change
.
A
Gentleman
(
that
was
otherwise
excellently
qualified
)
being
at
the
beginning
of
these
last
troubles
sent
vnto
the
Court
,
to
learne
what
was
in
working
against
his
Maister
,
and
those
of
his
party
,
suffered
himselfe
to
be
led
on
with
the
faire
words
of
the
Court
,
hauing
forgotten
the
first
secret
of
his
charge
.
To
take
heed
rather
to
that
which
is
done
,
then
to
that
which
is
spoken
.
I
haue
seene
others
to
haue
failed
in
the
like
,
who
for
a
desire
which
they
had
to
giue
fresh
intellignences
,
wrote
all
things
indifferently
,
were
it
false
or
true
,
and
oftentimes
at
the
first
answere
which
they
receiued
from
the
Court
,
were
rewarded
for
their
dilligence
with
some
piece
of
mockery
.
Others
fall
into
this
extreamitie
of
writing
,
euen
to
the
least
occurrences
of
a
countrie
,
the
quarrells
of
particular
men
,
the
loue
of
Ladies
in
Court
,
the
executions
of
iustice
,
the
orders
for
receiuing
the
treasure
,
and
of
the
gouernement
:
or
other
friuolous
matters
which
no
way
concerne
the
Estate
,
much
like
those
aduises
and
occurants
of
Italie
,
which
are
fit
for
nothing
but
to
make
worke
for
idle
heads
.
It
is
true
,
that
there
are
some
Princes
and
Ladies
woulde
knowe
all
:
for
contenting
of
whose
curiositie
,
I
woulde
make
a
priuate
letter
,
which
not
medling
with
the
affaires
of
his
charge
,
should
not
neede
to
be
carried
or
read
vnto
the
Counsell
.
Here
ariseth
a
question
,
if
an
Ambassador
ought
to
giue
aduise
vnto
his
Master
,
of
all
that
which
is
spoken
amisse
of
him
:
because
that
aduise
therof
may
come
vnto
him
by
other
meanes
then
from
himselfe
,
who
in
such
cases
ought
to
take
good
heede
that
he
be
not
preuented
.
I
remember
me
,
to
this
effect
,
of
the
Agent
of
a
neighbour
Princesse
,
who
seeing
the
wrong
that
such
reportes
would
bring
vnto
the
seruice
and
common
cause
of
the
one
and
the
other
,
did
rather
chuse
to
conceale
the
vndiscreete
speeches
which
he
had
heard
.
I
commended
and
admired
his
discretion
,
exhorting
him
,
in
the
like
occasions
,
to
yeeld
vnto
the
publike
good
,
the
particular
offence
of
some
particular
druncken
or
witlesse
fellow
.
Euen
so
Philip
de
Comines
complaineth
that
by
the
report
made
of
a
few
words
,
there
hath
many
times
a
good
alliance
beene
broken
,
or
a
good
and
profitable
effect
hindered
.
It
is
an
other
thing
,
if
in
full
counsell
of
the
Prince
,
or
in
the
Pulpit
by
the
Preachers
,
or
on
the
Theater
by
stage
players
,
or
by
writing
or
Lybels
,
he
see
the
honour
of
his
Maister
defamed
.
For
hee
ought
forthwith
to
aduertise
him
of
it
,
and
withall
to
craue
Iustice
,
and
amends
for
the
same
,
of
those
that
ought
to
grant
it
vnto
him
:
Yet
neuerthelesse
moderating
himselfe
,
for
not
making
the
mischief
to
be
greater
than
it
is
;
for
so
it
befalleth
them
as
with
Women
,
who
many
times
through
too
much
defending
of
their
Honesty
,
make
it
more
doubtfull
and
suspected
,
especially
,
when
they
adde
thereto
much
affection
and
feruencie
,
as
Tacitus
saith
,
Cōnicia
si
irascare
,
agnita
videntur
,
spreta
exolescunt
.
But
what
if
himselfe
receiue
any
iniury
for
his
owne
particular
or
any
of
his
followers
?
It
must
be
distinguished
,
whether
the
iniury
be
done
vnto
him
in
publike
,
of
t
he
Prince
or
Commonwealth
,
in
which
he
is
resident
.
As
that
Ambassadour
of
Rome
,
on
whom
in
full
assembly
Thelitizeus
of
Tarentum
threw
durt
and
pisse
.
I
haue
saith
he
,
more
then
I
demanded
,
but
one
day
you
shall
wash
my
cloathes
with
your
bloud
;
and
his
prophesie
fell
true
,
and
hee
ought
forthwith
to
aduertise
his
Master
thereof
,
that
he
may
doe
therein
as
he
shall
iudge
to
be
for
the
best
.
Or
else
,
whether
that
the
indignitie
were
offered
vnto
him
by
some
particular
person
:
In
this
case
the
way
of
complaint
is
open
vnto
him
,
to
haue
right
by
the
ordinary
course
of
Iustice
,
which
shall
vnfainedly
be
granted
vnto
him
,
if
be
not
intended
to
breake
off
with
his
Maister
.
For
it
is
not
denied
vnto
strangers
by
the
same
law
of
Nations
,
Plato
saith
,
that
God
hath
a
particular
rate
of
strangers
,
&
the
further
off
that
a
stranger
is
from
the
succor
of
his
kindred
&
friends
,
the
more
he
is
in
the
protection
of
God
.
Omnia
in
Perigrinos
quam
in
ciues
peccata
grauiora
sunt
&
magis
vltori
Deo
curae
.
And
withall
,
the
person
of
the
Prince
seemeth
to
be
violated
in
the
person
of
the
Ambassador
,
who
hauing
put
himselfe
into
the
protection
,
and
vnder
the
assurance
of
a
publike
faith
,
hath
receiued
a
wrong
or
an
indignitie
,
and
is
bound
to
cause
true
Instice
and
full
amends
to
be
made
vnto
him
.
Let
vs
speake
a
word
of
his
aduises
,
because
most
commonly
it
is
not
knowne
what
an
Ambassador
doeth
in
his
charge
,
but
by
that
which
himselfe
writeth
.
It
was
once
forgotten
that
there
was
an
Ambassador
in
Denmarke
,
if
the
late
Sieur
de
Douse
a
worthy
Gentleman
,
and
who
hath
beene
there
aboue
thirtie
yeares
,
had
not
at
length
remembred
it
himselfe
.
For
that
in
so
farre
a
Countrie
,
and
where
the
affaires
were
not
very
great
,
an
Ambassador
hath
seldome
sufficient
occasion
to
make
his
vertue
knowne
,
and
for
that
things
are
worth
no
more
then
the
value
that
is
made
of
them
,
hee
shall
doe
well
to
make
himselfe
knowne
by
his
aduises
which
are
looked
on
and
considered
by
the
Secretarries
of
Estate
,
read
vnto
the
Counsell
,
and
represented
vnto
the
Prince
,
according
vnto
the
worth
of
the
subiect
.
They
must
therefore
be
graue
,
briefe
,
well
compact
,
containing
much
in
few
words
,
couched
in
tearmes
,
rather
ordinary
then
borrowed
,
interlaced
sometimes
with
sententious
clauses
,
and
points
,
yet
very
seldome
;
and
that
they
may
be
the
better
vnderstood
,
it
shall
be
good
to
articulate
euery
affaire
apart
:
as
commonly
those
of
Monsieur
de
Vileroy
(
chiefe
and
most
worthy
Secretary
of
the
Commandements
)
are
,
and
as
the
vse
is
in
the
most
parte
of
the
Chaunceries
in
Germanie
.
For
my
part
,
I
cannot
allow
the
maner
of
writing
of
such
as
tie
themselues
to
a
continnuate
running
on
,
and
heaping
together
of
their
letters
,
notwithstanding
the
difference
of
affaires
which
they
containe
,
and
it
seemeth
,
as
it
were
a
course
couering
or
other
like
worke
made
of
diuerse
pieces
ioyned
together
.
And
if
his
Maisters
seeruice
can
admitt
it
,
I
would
rather
giue
no
new
aduise
,
vntill
I
had
answere
vnto
the
former
.
Order
and
Methoode
in
all
things
easeth
the
minde
,
and
augmenteth
the
memory
.
Likewise
if
it
fall
out
that
he
must
write
many
letters
of
the
same
subiect
,
for
the
same
place
,
as
it
ordinarily
happeneth
,
hee
shall
doe
well
to
vse
as
much
difference
as
he
can
in
the
tearmes
&
stile
,
that
they
may
not
be
like
to
a
Notories
president
.
I
must
now
speake
concerning
Presidencie
,
whereof
there
are
a
thousand
good
poynts
to
be
spoken
,
which
are
for
a
seuerall
discourse
.
I
wil
only
say
,
that
if
an
Ambassador
will
reape
honour
of
his
charge
,
it
is
meete
that
he
doe
honour
vnto
the
same
,
and
that
he
be
iealous
of
the
degree
and
place
which
is
due
vnto
his
Maister
,
without
yeelding
any
iote
thereof
vnto
an
other
.
Princes
and
soueraigne
estates
doe
hold
many
times
more
deare
,
the
conseruation
of
their
degree
and
dignitie
than
of
their
lands
and
possessions
.
So
Arcases
,
did
put
his
Ambassador
to
death
:
for
hauing
surrendered
his
place
vnto
Sylla
,
(
as
Plutarke
saith
.
It
is
true
,
that
alwayes
such
questions
doe
not
arise
,
because
almost
euery
one
throughout
all
places
knoweth
the
degree
and
place
,
that
is
due
vnto
him
.
In
the
Court
of
Rome
for
these
50.
or
60.
yeares
,
the
Ambassador
of
Spaine
hath
made
question
of
precedencie
with
those
of
France
.
There
was
a
great
alteration
therein
at
the
Councell
of
Trent
.
At
Venice
it
hath
beene
adiudged
to
him
of
France
.
The
late
Aduocate
Pithou
affirmeth
,
that
in
all
the
prouincials
of
all
the
Cathedrall
Churches
of
Christendome
that
haue
beene
imprinted
at
Rome
euen
to
this
present
,
the
King
of
France
is
put
the
first
of
all
other
Kings
,
being
seconded
by
the
King
of
England
,
and
then
by
him
of
Spaine
.
Bodin
sayeth
,
that
in
the
ceremonie
,
of
the
Order
of
England
,
the
place
of
the
King
of
France
,
is
at
the
right
hand
of
the
chiefe
of
the
Order
,
and
so
it
was
decreed
at
a
Chapter
helde
on
the
eue
of
Saint
George
patron
of
that
Order
,
in
the
yeare
1555
by
the
knights
of
the
Garter
,
albeit
that
the
King
of
Spaine
had
maried
Mary
the
elder
sister
of
the
late
Queene
of
England
,
I
beleeue
that
there
would
be
no
lesse
honour
done
vnto
him
in
Scotland
,
Denmarke
,
&
of
many
princes
and
potentates
of
Germany
and
Italy
.
But
the
Emperor
being
neere
kins-man
,
of
the
same
name
and
armes
,
that
the
King
of
Spaine
is
,
giueth
the
precedencie
to
his
Ambassador
;
and
the
last
Emperor
was
content
that
it
should
goe
by
turnes
,
(
as
anciently
that
of
the
Roman
Consulls
was
,
and
at
present
that
of
the
Burghemaisters
,
and
Auoyers
in
some
Cantons
of
Swisserland
is
)
to
the
end
not
to
displease
th'
one
nor
the
other
.
Neuerthelesse
the
King
sent
word
vnto
Monsieur
de
la
Forrest
his
Ambassador
,
that
he
should
not
alter
any
thing
in
this
matter
,
without
his
expresse
commandement
.
The
Senate
of
Polonia
,
to
a
like
question
ordayned
,
tha
the
first
come
should
be
the
first
heard
.
At
an
other
time
,
at
the
Councell
of
Constance
the
Ambassador
of
England
,
debated
it
with
him
of
France
,
whose
strongest
argument
was
the
title
which
his
Maister
then
tooke
of
,
King
of
England
and
France
.
And
he
possessed
Aquitania
and
pretended
vnto
Normandie
.
I
haue
heard
reported
that
an
Ambassadour
of
the
Kings
in
Swisserland
being
in
company
with
the
Ambassador
of
Spaine
at
the
assembly
of
Baden
,
and
seeing
that
the
spaniard
alwaies
stroue
for
the
way
,
made
as
if
hee
would
buy
something
at
a
Marchantes
shoppe
where
both
of
them
staying
together
the
French
stepped
out
first
and
took
the
aduantage
.
The
best
is
in
such
occasions
,
neuer
to
meet
together
,
vnlesse
that
the
seruice
of
his
maister
doe
require
it
.
At
least
he
can
excuse
himselfe
for
publike
places
and
ceremonies
as
hath
bin
practised
at
Rome
for
these
certaine
yeares
.
And
if
so
be
our
Ambassador
chance
to
be
present
at
such
like
altercation
of
other
Ambassadors
,
he
must
take
heed
,
not
to
inuest
himselfe
in
the
one
side
or
the
other
,
or
any
way
to
interpose
himselfe
therein
without
his
masters
commandement
.
It
is
not
so
for
al
other
differences
that
many
fal
out
in
the
countrie
where
he
is
,
especially
if
hee
perceiue
his
Maister
to
haue
any
interest
therein
:
as
when
there
hapneth
any
discord
amongst
the
Swissers
,
or
the
Grisons
,
all
which
haue
almost
as
many
common-wealthes
as
they
haue
Citties
and
Corporations
.
And
it
is
very
hard
that
in
that
great
body
so
diuersly
compounded
with
difference
of
customes
,
languages
,
and
religion
,
(
in
one
only
Canton
of
the
Grisons
,
there
are
three
different
languages
spoken
)
there
growe
not
amongest
them
(
as
wise
as
they
all
are
)
some
occasion
of
disputation
,
wherein
the
wise
Ambassadour
may
make
the
dexteritie
of
his
spirit
to
preuaile
,
by
setting
them
at
accord
,
imploying
the
affection
of
his
Maister
towardes
the
one
side
and
the
other
to
oblige
them
both
vnto
him
.
The
which
thing
the
Sieur
de
Liuerdis
last
Ambassador
for
the
King
amongst
the
Grisons
knewe
how
to
handle
both
wisely
and
profitably
,
when
he
sawe
they
were
on
termes
of
disagreeing
and
I
can
speak
for
a
certainty
,
that
his
memory
is
yet
helde
deare
amongest
them
.
The
Interest
of
the
King
in
these
two
estates
is
,
that
during
their
diuisions
hee
can
leuie
no
forces
,
nor
be
succoured
with
their
people
to
any
purpose
,
if
hee
shoulde
stand
in
neede
of
them
.
About
the
yeere
1602.
the
Sieur
de
Dase
by
his
wise
Meditation
accorded
to
twoo
Kings
of
Denmarke
&
Swethen
being
ready
to
enter
into
warre
,
and
both
of
them
made
choice
of
him
for
Arbitrator
of
their
differences
.
His
Priuiledges
.
IT
followeth
now
to
speake
of
the
priuileges
&
immunities
of
an
Ambassador
,
not
only
for
the
respect
of
his
owne
person
,
but
also
of
those
of
his
family
,
&
of
all
that
appertaineth
vnto
him
:
for
concerning
his
person
,
euery
man
knoweth
,
that
by
the
lawes
of
God
&
man
,
euen
amongst
barbarous
nations
,
and
in
the
middest
of
the
armes
and
armies
of
enemies
,
the
person
of
an
Ambassador
hath
in
all
ages
beene
adudged
holy
,
sacred
,
and
inuiolable
:
for
if
besides
the
perill
and
inconueniences
of
a
long
voyage
,
to
which
they
expose
themselues
,
they
should
not
be
in
safetie
in
the
place
whereunto
they
goe
,
there
would
neuer
be
any
which
would
vndertake
the
hazard
thereof
,
and
consequently
there
would
neuer
any
longer
be
made
any
truce
,
peace
,
or
establishment
of
commerce
:
finally
,
we
should
fall
againe
into
that
first
Chaos
,
and
confusion
of
all
things
.
And
likewise
the
punishments
of
those
that
haue
done
violence
vnto
them
,
haue
in
all
times
beene
very
rigorous
:
this
lawe
being
growne
into
a
prouerbe
:
Legatus
neque
coeditur
neque
violatur
.
And
when
men
haue
not
taken
punishment
for
the
same
,
it
hath
beene
obserued
from
age
to
age
,
that
God
hath
not
suffiered
this
offence
vnpunished
:
witnesse
the
subuersion
of
Carthage
,
of
Sirus
,
of
Thebes
,
and
of
so
many
other
Citties
,
yea
Prouinces
,
and
whole
Kingdomes
.
Dauid
fought
against
,
discomfited
and
brought
into
bondage
the
Ammonites
for
this
cause
.
The
histories
both
sacred
and
prophane
doe
afforde
vs
enough
and
too
many
examples
hereof
,
King
Frances
the
first
denounced
warre
against
the
Emperour
Charles
for
the
murther
of
Amion
and
Fregose
his
Ambassadours
.
Yea
,
euen
a
rough
and
haughtie
word
,
a
scorne
or
contempt
done
vnto
some
Ambassadors
hath
beene
oftentimes
cause
of
the
beginning
of
warre
,
as
that
of
Dalmatia
,
whereof
Nasica
was
Generall
,
and
a
long
time
after
that
of
Simon
King
of
Bulgarie
,
against
Alexander
Emperour
of
Constantinople
.
By
a
much
stronger
reason
therefore
if
they
haue
beene
outraged
n
their
persons
.
Contrariwise
this
very
name
of
Ambassador
hath
beene
in
so
great
reuerence
with
all
good
men
,
that
some
haue
not
so
much
as
touched
the
persons
of
those
that
had
beene
surprised
in
working
some
practises
at
Rome
with
the
rebells
:
The
great
Africanus
sent
home
those
of
Carthage
,
although
that
their
Masters
had
violated
the
lawe
of
nations
in
the
persons
of
the
Romane
Ambassadors
,
and
the
Dictator
Posthumius
suffered
certain
spies
to
departe
,
who
falsely
termed
themselues
Ambassadors
,
and
did
no
other
harme
vnto
them
.
It
is
not
long
since
that
there
was
great
courtesie
shewed
to
an
Ambassador
of
a
neighbour
Prince
,
which
was
discouered
to
haue
complotted
with
the
rebells
of
the
Estate
,
for
without
more
adoe
he
had
feare
to
departe
.
Yet
I
aduouch
that
other
haue
dealt
herein
otherwise
.
And
the
three
former
examples
are
of
meere
curtesie
and
effects
of
the
Roman
generositie
.
King
Frances
the
first
hauing
vnderstood
that
the
Emperor
had
put
vnder
custodie
the
Bishop
of
Tarbis
his
Ambassador
,
did
the
like
vnto
Granuelle
,
lodging
him
in
the
Chastelet
without
dooing
him
other
hurt
.
And
very
seldome
indeed
hath
that
respect
bin
violated
,
which
the
law
of
Nations
(
I
had
thought
to
haue
said
of
Nature
)
hath
imprinted
in
the
mindes
of
men
,
since
the
beginning
of
the
world
,
if
it
were
not
peraduenture
by
a
Clement
the
VI.
a
Iulius
the
II.
or
some
such
other
enemie
of
the
name
of
France
,
or
rather
enemie
of
nature
.
The
one
reuiled
and
imprisoned
the
Ambassadors
of
Germany
and
France
,
which
went
in
their
Maisters
behalfe
to
offer
him
some
good
meanes
of
reconciliation
.
The
other
committed
to
prison
and
tortured
a
Bishop
being
an
Ambassador
of
Savoy
,
that
offered
in
the
behalfe
of
his
Master
to
enterpose
himselfe
in
making
peace
betweene
him
and
the
King
of
France
.
In
ancient
times
the
Romanes
contented
themselues
to
carry
vpon
them
certaine
herbs
which
they
called
Sagmina
,
whereof
they
were
called
Sancti
,
and
the
Greekes
their
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
as
the
Heraldes
their
Caducei
.
This
onely
marke
in
those
dayes
held
them
inuiolable
,
and
respected
euen
amongst
the
very
Barbarous
nations
.
It
is
true
that
this
respect
,
freedome
and
assurance
which
they
haue
for
their
Maisters
sakes
,
giueth
them
no
libertie
to
doe
euill
.
In
hoc
datumius
gentium
,
non
vt
laedant
alios
,
sed
ne
ipsi
laedantur
:
as
saith
a
Writer
of
our
time
.
For
hee
that
hath
falsified
the
publike
faith
,
doth
not
deserue
that
it
shoulde
be
kept
vnto
him
;
and
a
colourable
Ambassage
is
so
much
the
more
to
be
punished
,
because
oftentimes
it
concerneth
the
ruine
of
an
Estate
.
And
all
lawes
ordaine
,
that
hee
which
abuseth
his
priuiledge
,
maketh
himselfe
vnworthy
therof
,
and
looseth
it
.
For
if
hee
worketh
any
plottes
or
practises
,
either
by
attempts
on
the
person
of
the
Prince
to
whom
hee
is
sent
,
or
any
enterprise
vppon
his
Estate
,
as
Mendoza
did
in
that
of
England
,
some
sixteene
or
eighteene
years
past
:
At
other
times
there
was
a
distinction
made
,
if
there
were
but
a
counsell
simply
giuen
,
or
a
conspiracy
made
without
execution
,
or
else
if
the
effect
followed
thereuppon
.
Afterwards
they
would
know
if
hee
were
abetted
in
it
by
his
Maister
or
not
.
The
which
the
Romanes
and
others
did
many
times
put
in
practise
,
and
those
which
were
found
to
be
disalowed
by
them
,
were
deliuered
and
giuen
ouer
vnto
him
whom
they
had
offended
,
or
vnto
his
Maister
.
Dedebantur
ex
iure
gentium
.
In
the
matter
of
Mendoza
,
the
Queene
of
England
laide
no
hand
on
him
,
but
gaue
him
a
Congee
to
departe
out
of
her
Realme
.
This
was
not
done
without
consultation
taken
,
whether
there
were
lawe
to
stay
him
and
haue
him
punished
;
saying
,
that
in
vaine
,
hee
putteth
himselfe
vnder
the
sauegard
of
nations
which
violateth
the
lawe
of
nations
:
and
there
were
many
examples
thereof
,
or
at
least
if
he
should
be
held
in
safe
keeping
vntil
aduise
had
beene
giuen
,
and
right
required
of
his
Maister
.
They
hauing
done
me
the
honour
to
aske
my
opinion
on
herein
,
I
told
them
that
the
most
requisite
and
ordinary
meanes
,
and
safest
for
the
Estate
,
was
to
aduertise
his
Maister
therof
,
&
to
expect
his
allowance
or
disallowance
;
but
the
Gentleman
whom
they
sent
thither
,
was
neither
seene
nor
heard
by
the
King
of
Spaine
,
who
made
himselfe
to
be
excused
by
his
weakenes
of
body
,
that
he
might
auoide
answering
thereof
:
Forasmuch
as
his
attempts
of
long
time
plotted
against
England
were
to
manifest
,
he
would
neuer
he
nor
forsake
him
whom
he
had
set
on
work
.
They
were
also
aduised
that
the
offence
was
only
plotted
,
no
executed
,
coeptum
non
consummatum
,
as
the
Lawyers
say
.
But
in
this
last
point
I
would
not
haue
bin
his
warrant
no
more
then
of
al
others
that
make
the
like
attempts
,
who
falling
into
the
hands
of
Princes
or
Common-weales
that
are
more
patient
to
beare
a
wrong
&
lesse
stayed
,
should
not
escape
so
good
cheape
.
For
if
it
be
granted
by
both
ciuill
and
naturall
lawes
to
resist
force
with
force
,
if
Lex
Talionis
proceede
from
the
law
of
nature
:
Yea
,
if
such
an
enterprise
had
not
beene
left
vnpunished
in
the
very
person
of
his
Maister
,
if
hee
had
beene
present
as
it
hath
beene
seene
many
times
:
I
leaue
it
to
be
iudged
of
,
if
there
were
not
good
reason
to
detaine
him
,
that
I
may
say
no
worse
.
Considering
that
rule
of
the
Common
law
.
Vbi
quis
deliquit
iurisdictionem
eius
subijsse
intelligigitur
cuius
in
ditione
deliquit
.
He
is
subiect
vnto
the
laws
of
the
Estate
where
the
offence
is
commited
,
and
there
is
no
qualitie
nor
priuiledge
that
excuseth
him
.
Which
I
affirme
although
he
had
shewed
his
maisters
commission
for
the
same
.
And
indeede
euery
man
vseth
not
in
such
a
matter
the
patience
and
prudence
of
a
Romane
Senate
.
For
the
truth
is
,
that
the
Ambassadour
which
vnder
the
title
of
amitie
commeth
towards
a
Prince
,
that
is
his
Maisters
alie
:
to
serue
him
an
ill
turne
,
maketh
himselfe
culpable
and
without
excuse
:
Bis
peccat
qui
praetexta
pietatis
peccat
:
There
being
no
priuiledge
of
the
law
of
nations
that
can
warrant
him
from
the
ordinary
punishment
of
all
such
as
trouble
the
quiet
of
any
Estate
.
Which
I
affirm
by
so
much
the
stronger
reason
,
since
that
Procopius
in
his
historie
of
the
Gothes
bringeth
in
Theodeadus
saying
vnto
the
Ambassador
of
Iustinian
,
that
an
attempt
against
the
honour
of
a
woman
,
or
an
indignitie
done
vnto
a
King
by
an
Ambassador
,
deserueth
punishment
.
Eatenus
hac
praerogatiua
possunt
vti
,
quoad
ab
officio
non
recedunt
.
Nam
legatum
licet
oceidere
si
in
Regem
fuit
contumeliosus
,
aut
si
pudicitiam
alienae
vxoris
contrectauit
.
The
easiest
punishment
is
to
expell
him
,
and
send
him
home
vnto
his
Maister
,
or
to
demand
Iustice
to
be
done
after
that
the
crime
shall
be
sufficiently
auerred
by
letters
or
witnesses
,
or
that
the
Ambassador
standeth
conuict
,
by
hauing
entered
into
the
execution
and
enterprise
.
Thus
many
haue
dealt
as
I
haue
said
before
,
to
shew
themselues
more
religious
in
the
preseruation
of
a
publike
and
priuiledged
person
,
or
charitable
to
render
good
for
euill
,
as
the
Great
Africanus
did
.
Of
whom
when
it
was
demanded
in
the
open
Senate
,
what
should
be
done
vnto
the
Ambassadors
of
Carthage
;
are
answered
,
Nihil
tale
quod
Carthaginienses
.
Let
vs
not
committe
that
fault
which
wee
blame
in
them
.
Therefore
a
wise
Ambassador
will
not
thrust
himselfe
into
these
perils
,
Neuerthelesse
if
he
haue
a
Commandement
from
his
Maister
to
doe
it
as
we
spake
before
,
concerning
deceipt
and
lies
,
Shal
he
be
admitted
to
excuse
himselfe
thereby
to
iudge
of
the
iustnesse
of
his
Maisters
intentions
and
of
the
equitie
of
his
commandements
?
Is
it
for
him
to
diue
into
the
secrets
or
to
control
the
pleasure
of
his
Prince
?
Heare
a
good
man
doth
againe
finde
himselfe
in
great
doubts
what
to
doe
,
for
if
an
Ambassadour
ought
to
set
before
his
eyes
,
the
honour
,
greatnesse
,
profite
,
and
seruice
of
his
Lorde
,
and
that
by
these
practises
'
,
some
speciall
seruice
may
be
effected
for
him
:
I
seemeth
that
it
is
not
lawful
for
him
to
refuse
his
commaundement
.
This
question
,
me
thinks
,
may
be
resolued
by
the
solution
of
such
as
are
made
by
Philosophers
,
Lawyers
,
and
Diuines
,
concerning
the
obedience
that
the
childe
is
bound
to
render
to
his
father
,
the
seruant
vnto
his
Maister
,
the
Subiect
vnto
his
Prince
,
and
the
Vassal
to
his
liege
Lord
.
For
all
are
of
accord
that
this
obedience
extendeth
not
vnto
that
which
is
against
God
,
Nature
,
and
Reason
.
But
to
lie
,
deceiue
,
betray
,
to
attempt
the
life
of
a
Soueraine
prince
,
to
make
his
subiects
to
reuolt
from
him
,
to
weaken
and
trouble
his
Estate
,
especially
in
time
of
peace
,
and
vnder
colour
of
amitie
&
alliance
is
directly
against
the
Commaundement
of
God
,
against
the
Lawes
of
Nature
,
and
of
Nations
;
It
is
a
violating
of
the
publike
faith
,
without
which
,
humane
societie
,
and
finally
the
frame
of
the
world
would
be
dissolued
.
And
the
Ambassador
which
serueth
his
Maister
in
such
an
affaire
,
committeth
a
double
offence
,
both
for
that
he
serueth
him
in
the
enterprise
and
execution
of
so
ill
an
action
;
and
for
that
hee
dooth
not
giue
him
better
counsell
which
he
is
bound
to
doe
by
the
dutie
of
his
charge
,
which
charge
comprehendeth
the
qualitie
of
a
Counsellour
of
Estate
for
time
of
his
Ambassage
,
although
he
had
not
the
honour
to
be
accounted
so
before
.
The
History
of
France
mentioneth
that
the
Sieur
de
Flauij
Gouernor
of
Compisque
for
King
Charles
the
seauenth
,
seeing
that
his
Maister
suffred
himselfe
to
be
abused
by
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
caused
the
Inhabitantes
to
enterpose
themselues
,
and
by
humble
demonstrations
refused
to
giue
ouer
the
place
vnto
the
Duke
,
notwithstanding
a
second
Commaundement
from
this
King
,
and
inhonestly
refusing
that
vnto
his
master
which
was
preiudicial
vnto
him
,
he
discharged
the
duty
of
a
faithfull
seruant
.
Surely
it
is
a
good
seruice
to
deny
ones
Maister
when
hee
commaundeth
to
his
hurt
:
as
the
one
that
would
aske
a
sword
to
hil
himself
,
Non
dare
,
sed
eripere
telum
irato
,
pium
est
.
)
But
let
vs
speake
the
truth
,
the
most
part
of
the
practises
that
are
made
vpon
adioining
estates
,
take
such
beginning
as
the
Ambassadors
&
Agents
themselues
doe
giue
thereof
vnto
their
Maister
,
they
themselues
laving
open
the
means
thereunto
,
and
offering
themselues
voluntarily
to
put
them
in
execution
.
I
haue
obserued
it
tenne
times
in
my
life
,
neither
are
they
to
complaine
when
they
fall
into
this
laborinth
.
Thus
much
for
the
publike
:
but
,
what
if
the
Ambassadour
himselfe
hath
offered
violence
to
any
particular
person
?
I
know
not
whether
there
be
any
thing
determined
or
specified
by
the
Lawes
therein
:
Yet
if
extremitie
be
vsed
,
he
cannot
escape
the
rigor
of
the
Lawes
of
the
Countrie
where
hee
committed
the
fault
.
His
master
himselfe
,
according
to
the
rule
aforegoeing
,
should
in
like
case
be
ordered
by
iustice
.
For
there
is
a
difference
to
be
made
between
the
dignitie
of
a
Prince
and
his
Authoritie
.
Within
the
dominions
of
another
Soueraigne
,
he
retaineth
but
his
dignitie
:
And
what
honor
soeuer
is
done
vnto
his
Person
,
yet
there
is
no
authoritie
giuen
him
,
to
make
grauntes
,
to
pronounce
decrees
,
to
establish
Lawes
,
to
stampe
monie
of
his
owne
coine
,
and
such
like
things
which
carry
the
marke
of
Souerainetie
.
A
neighbour
King
being
fledde
for
refuge
into
France
,
did
,
or
suffered
to
be
done
,
some
violence
to
a
Sergeant
,
which
went
to
doe
an
exploite
in
his
lodging
.
Had
it
not
beene
in
respect
of
his
dignitie
,
and
other
reasons
of
Estate
,
hee
had
possibly
beene
otherwise
spoken
withall
then
hee
was
.
The
like
,
and
so
much
the
stronger
reason
is
,
for
an
Ambassadour
,
who
is
but
the
Minister
,
and
subiect
of
his
Prince
.
But
the
safest
and
fittest
course
is
,
before
you
require
reason
of
him
,
to
demaund
it
of
his
Maister
,
who
in
such
a
case
will
not
denie
it
so
soone
as
in
a
matter
of
estate
.
Here
falleth
out
place
for
a
question
which
some
men
make
,
to
witte
,
If
by
the
Law
of
Nations
an
Ambassador
hath
iurisdiction
ouer
those
of
his
house
and
familie
.
For
which
I
see
no
likelihood
,
for
the
reason
which
I
here
giue
,
That
the
authoritie
of
a
Prince
,
and
all
markes
of
souerainetie
,
do
cease
in
an
others
dominions
.
But
punishment
by
death
is
the
Soueraine
marke
of
Soueraintie
;
and
to
come
from
the
great
to
the
lesser
,
the
Ambassador
hath
not
more
right
than
his
Prince
or
other
Soueraine
.
An
Ambassador
(
I
neuer
name
any
that
I
may
not
wrong
his
reputation
)
did
runne
a
hazard
in
a
neere
Country
.
One
of
his
houshold
seruants
had
forced
his
Daughter
,
being
of
the
age
of
fiue
or
sixe
yeares
,
he
himselfe
caused
punishment
to
be
done
,
causing
the
seruant
to
be
strangled
.
In
France
the
iust
cause
of
giefe
might
possibly
haue
excused
a
man
of
qualitie
,
for
not
hauing
addressed
himselfe
to
the
ordinarie
course
of
iustice
,
according
to
the
sence
of
the
Law
,
Iulia
de
adulterys
in
the
behalfe
of
fathers
and
husbandes
that
found
the
adulterers
in
this
act
:
at
least
,
a
pardon
or
a
remission
had
yeelded
reason
for
the
same
.
But
these
people
made
much
worke
about
it
,
saying
that
no
man
of
what
qualitie
soeuer
could
exercise
iustice
,
but
he
to
whom
the
Soueraine
committeth
it
,
and
they
said
true
:
for
no
Prince
,
Lord
,
or
gentleman
,
exerciseth
supreame
iustice
in
that
Countrie
:
and
the
stood
vppon
it
,
that
processe
ought
to
be
made
against
the
Ambassador
for
hauing
dared
to
cause
a
man
to
be
put
to
death
,
of
his
owne
priuate
authoritie
.
Neuerthelesse
,
the
foule
offence
committed
by
the
seruant
which
was
a
frenchman
and
the
considerations
of
estate
,
but
much
more
the
authority
of
the
prince
did
stoppe
their
mouthes
.
The
King
of
Denmarkes
Ambassador
vsed
altogether
an
other
course
in
England
:
for
he
demaunded
Iustice
of
the
Queene
,
for
a
Murder
committed
in
his
house
,
by
one
of
his
owne
seruants
vppon
an
other
of
them
.
She
of
fauour
would
not
meddle
therewith
,
but
permitted
him
to
carry
him
backe
into
Denmarke
to
haue
him
there
ordered
by
Iustice
.
Neyther
can
I
allow
of
the
doing
of
a
Spanish
Ambassador
at
Venice
,
who
caused
a
seruant
of
his
,
to
be
hanged
at
his
Chamber
windowe
for
some
great
offence
,
as
it
was
said
,
although
the
Seigneurie
made
no
shew
nor
pursuite
therein
:
to
whom
he
could
and
ought
to
haue
addressed
himselfe
That
auncient
rule
therefore
ought
to
take
place
,
Nulla
manus
ferrum
tractat
,
nisi
quae
sceptram
,
vnlesse
that
both
the
Princes
had
so
agreede
betweene
themseluesas
the
same
might
&
ought
to
be
done
in
Estates
that
are
far
one
from
the
other
.
For
otherwise
the
punishment
of
a
crime
shoulde
oftentimes
be
deferred
,
and
consequently
be
neglected
,
through
such
a
distance
of
place
.
No
otherwise
than
as
Captains
vpon
the
Sea
,
haue
ordinarily
authoritie
from
their
Soueraines
to
punish
the
crimes
that
are
committed
abord
their
shippes
,
as
other
commaunders
of
the
field
,
have
authoritie
to
punish
offenders
in
their
Armies
,
although
they
be
in
the
dominions
of
other
Soueraines
.
And
I
haue
since
obserued
,
that
this
is
the
opinion
of
Monsieur
Paschall
,
a
most
learned
Counsellor
of
Estate
,
in
his
booke
de
Legato
.
And
if
so
be
an
Ambassador
hath
no
iurisdiction
ouer
those
of
his
owne
housholde
,
he
hath
lesse
ouer
the
other
subiects
of
his
Master
:
The
kings
Ambassador
in
Swisserland
at
the
beginning
of
the
last
troubles
being
aduertized
of
the
practizes
which
were
intended
against
the
seruice
of
the
king
would
cause
one
of
the
debters
therein
to
be
stayed
,
who
was
passing
to
Soleure
,
and
pretended
the
law
of
Nations
,
and
the
freedome
of
the
passage
.
But
who
doubteth
that
within
his
house
he
had
not
sufficient
authoritie
to
seaze
on
him
,
and
out
of
his
house
,
to
vse
the
authoritie
of
the
Magistrate
vnto
the
same
effect
?
I
say
simply
,
to
seaze
on
him
,
&
not
to
proceed
in
Iustice
against
him
,
but
to
send
him
to
his
Maister
,
or
to
hold
him
vntill
hee
vnderstand
his
pleasure
.
Wee
haue
before
spoken
of
Spies
that
come
vnder
the
name
of
Ambassadors
,
or
of
Ambassadors
which
vnder
colour
of
negotiating
some
affaire
,
or
entertainement
of
amitie
,
doe
spie
out
the
secrets
of
the
estate
to
an
ill
intent
,
but
with
those
it
fareth
otherwise
than
with
common
spies
,
and
of
such
as
come
without
allowance
.
For
being
once
accepted
for
Ambassadors
they
are
infallibly
within
the
sanctuarie
of
the
Lawe
of
Nations
,
and
the
consequence
would
be
most
dangerous
,
if
a
doore
were
opened
vnto
such
neere
inquirets
,
and
fewe
men
,
and
medlers
in
forraine
affaires
,
would
be
assured
in
their
charges
,
the
most
part
of
them
being
in
effect
employed
therin
,
but
to
learne
that
which
is
done
amongst
others
.
And
some
call
them
also
honourable
Spies
alleadging
that
saying
of
Chabrias
,
Hee
is
an
excellent
commander
for
the
warre
that
knoweth
all
that
is
done
amongest
his
enemies
.
And
in
truth
hee
cannot
be
accounted
for
a
true
friend
which
is
mistrusted
,
and
whose
secrets
&
designes
a
man
is
constrained
to
espie
.
And
to
this
effect
the
History
of
England
,
sayeth
that
Henry
the
seauenth
,
(
a
wise
and
discreete
Prince
,
and
Grand-father
to
the
late
Queene
)
was
about
to
haue
dismissed
all
resident
and
ledger
Ambassadors
,
and
to
haue
kept
none
with
any
other
,
but
death
preuented
him
.
We
haue
also
saide
before
,
that
Antiquitie
knew
them
not
,
and
the
History
of
France
noteth
that
Lewis
the
eleuenth
did
neur
send
the
same
Ambassador
twise
vnto
him
whome
hee
would
intertaine
with
wordes
,
to
the
end
,
that
if
the
former
had
by
chaunce
treated
of
any
matter
,
where
of
the
effect
did
not
follow
,
the
latter
should
not
know
what
to
answere
thereunto
,
and
that
the
ignorance
of
the
matter
,
might
serue
him
for
an
excuse
whereby
to
gaine
time
.
But
we
are
gon
from
our
matter
,
wee
must
therefore
distinguish
if
they
be
deputies
in
the
behalf
of
some
Prouinces
that
are
in
subiection
to
a
greater
Empire
,
or
vnder
the
protection
of
an
other
as
those
quae
populi
Romani
Maiestatem
colere
dicebantur
.
Or
else
,
if
they
be
sent
from
a
soueraine
Prince
to
his
equal
forme
of
the
first
case
they
should
stand
more
at
the
mercie
of
him
whom
they
haue
offended
.
Nec
à
subditis
,
nec
subditos
rectè
mittuntur
legati
.
Those
are
not
properly
Ambassadors
whome
the
Subiects
send
vnto
their
prince
,
or
hee
to
them
,
whereof
I
spake
before
.
I
will
onely
adde
a
good
note
that
is
in
Plutarke
of
one
of
Sparta
sent
to
the
Generall
of
their
enemies
armie
,
who
being
asked
in
what
qualitie
he
presented
himselfe
.
If
,
saith
hee
,
I
obtaine
that
which
I
demaund
I
come
as
an
Ambassador
,
If
not
as
one
priuate
,
and
without
charge
:
I
could
not
forget
this
wise
speech
,
although
it
be
not
to
our
matter
.
Let
vs
now
see
whether
the
Ambassador
which
passeth
thorough
the
Country
of
a
Prince
to
whom
hee
is
not
sent
,
may
aledge
the
lawe
of
Nations
.
I
haue
before
spoken
of
the
Sieur
de
Mortefontaine
Hotman
,
and
of
his
passage
through
the
Country
of
Burgundie
,
there
was
then
open
warre
betweene
France
and
Spaine
,
those
of
the
Countrie
subiectes
of
the
Spaniard
,
therefore
there
was
no
assurance
for
him
by
that
taking
course
;
Yea
,
a
third
man
is
not
bound
to
receiue
and
acknowledge
him
for
an
Ambassador
that
passeth
thorough
his
Country
,
to
execute
his
charge
in
an
other
place
,
and
if
he
doth
it
,
it
is
but
of
curtesie
and
humanitie
,
which
is
vsed
in
the
behalfe
of
passengers
,
to
whome
in
time
of
peace
all
wayes
are
open
.
One
thing
helpeth
him
,
to
wit
,
Neutralitie
,
which
notwithstanding
all
the
warres
of
former
times
hath
beene
entertained
and
renewed
betweene
the
King
and
those
of
the
said
Country
,
in
fauor
and
at
the
request
of
the
Lords
of
the
Cantons
,
who
terme
themselues
mediators
and
protectors
of
the
saide
Neutralitie
,
whosoeuer
therefore
is
to
passe
thorough
the
Country
of
another
,
ought
to
enquire
whether
the
Prince
be
his
Maisters
friend
or
enemie
,
if
the
Country
be
in
peace
or
in
warre
,
and
howsoeuer
it
be
,
yet
to
craue
passage
,
and
to
procure
a
good
pasporte
sufficiently
ratified
for
the
same
,
or
else
a
good
and
safe
conduct
.
But
if
notwithstanding
the
prohibition
that
hath
beene
made
him
to
enter
into
the
Country
where
hee
goeth
to
execute
his
charge
,
he
would
passe
on
further
.
We
aske
if
he
can
shield
himselfe
with
the
lawe
of
nations
,
whereunto
wee
answere
,
that
seeing
by
the
same
lawe
of
Nations
,
and
of
Nature
,
euery
Colliar
is
maister
in
his
owne
house
,
as
the
saying
is
,
and
euery
Soueraigne
in
his
owne
estate
.
Surely
he
hath
full
power
and
libertie
to
forbid
the
entrance
into
his
Country
to
such
as
hee
disliketh
,
and
holdeth
for
suspected
.
Neuerthelesse
if
he
come
towards
the
same
as
a
suppliant
,
as
the
Romane
Ladies
came
vnto
Coriolanus
:
Plato
saith
,
Omnium
tum
in
ciues
tum
in
peregrinos
maximum
est
peccatum
cum
peccaturus
supplices
,
Deus
enim
afflicti
supplicis
custos
eximius
.
This
humanitie
ought
in
like
maner
to
take
place
in
the
behalfe
of
rebellious
and
seditious
subiects
,
at
such
times
as
they
ordain
any
amongst
them
to
make
submission
and
craue
pardon
for
them
,
or
to
worke
some
way
of
reconciliation
,
following
the
clause
and
condition
of
the
Romane
Senate
to
those
of
Ascolie
:
Sifactorum
poentteat
,
liciturum
ipsis
mittere
legatos
,
sui
mimes
,
minime
.
But
if
the
number
be
great
,
as
that
in
France
lately
was
,
and
that
the
Estate
be
deuided
into
two
Factions
,
and
each
side
falne
into
an
open
warre
.
Seeing
that
by
martiall
lawes
euen
amongst
strange
and
barbarous
nations
.
Heraulds
and
Ambassadors
are
in
saftie
,
surely
this
law
ought
to
preuaile
aswell
for
deuided
subiects
,
as
for
strangers
that
are
enemies
vnto
the
Estate
.
I
dare
affirm
the
like
for
such
as
are
fugitiues
,
outlawes
,
or
pirats
,
when
they
make
a
head
and
ioine
themselues
together
,
as
sometimes
those
vnder
the
conduct
of
Spartacus
,
Sertorius
Viriatus
,
Tacfarinas
,
and
such
like
:
for
the
assurance
that
is
granted
vnto
such
persons
as
they
ordaine
to
treate
for
them
,
is
not
for
their
sakes
,
but
in
consideration
of
the
Common
good
,
and
to
reduce
them
to
their
obedience
,
to
the
end
that
the
troubles
of
the
Estate
may
refuse
.
Quod
est
necesse
,
turpe
non
est
.
Necessitie
hath
neither
law
nor
shame
And
here
it
is
that
that
notable
and
ancient
Maxime
of
estate
ought
to
take
place
.
Salus
populi
suprema
lex
.
The
good
of
the
Estate
goeth
aboue
all
lawes
,
and
all
respects
:
true
it
is
that
they
shall
doe
well
,
not
to
present
themselues
,
but
with
a
sufficient
pasport
from
the
Generall
of
the
Armie
,
with
whom
they
haue
to
handle
.
And
in
this
case
to
goe
about
to
attach
their
persons
,
or
to
doe
them
other
displeasure
,
were
to
violate
the
faith
that
hath
beene
giuen
them
,
whatsoeuer
Alber.
Gent.
in
his
treatise
de
Legationibus
saith
thereof
,
contrary
to
the
opinion
of
my
late
father
in
his
booke
of
Notable
questions
.
There
is
also
a
doubt
made
concerning
those
,
that
are
sent
by
Heretiques
,
Schismatiques
,
and
excommunicated
persons
.
This
false
principall
,
that
faith
ought
not
to
be
kept
with
heretiques
,
which
was
hatched
in
the
Counsell
of
Constance
,
and
practised
against
some
particular
persons
that
were
caused
to
come
thither
vnder
the
publique
faith
,
hath
giuen
occasion
to
this
question
.
For
which
cause
it
is
,
that
neuer
since
none
would
trust
the
faith
of
Popes
nor
of
Councels
:
the
onely
or
principall
reason
of
schisme
which
continueth
in
the
Church
since
almost
an
hundred
yeares
.
But
this
doubt
may
be
cleered
as
the
former
,
by
the
consideration
of
the
weale
publike
:
for
that
it
is
impossible
that
we
can
abide
without
those
things
which
are
in
other
Countries
and
Lands
,
and
much
lesse
with
that
which
is
amongst
our
neighbours
,
of
what
religion
and
beliefe
soeuer
they
be
.
Christian
Princes
and
Estates
make
no
difficultie
to
hold
their
Agents
and
Factors
with
the
Turkes
when
they
haue
occasion
,
and
the
king
keepeth
an
ordinary
&
resident
with
him
.
The
grand
Signior
hath
his
with
the
Persian
,
and
so
reciprocally
:
neuerthelesse
the
Turke
and
the
Persian
,
hold
each
other
for
heretikes
.
In
former
times
,
and
very
often
,
the
Latine
church
sent
vnto
the
Greek
,
which
neuerthelesse
it
accounted
for
schismatike
.
At
an
other
time
,
the
Church
,
being
assembled
in
a
Counsel
of
Affrica
sent
the
Deputies
vnto
the
donatists
.
The
Catholikes
haue
them
with
the
Protestants
,
and
the
Pope
would
once
haue
sent
some
into
England
,
and
yet
would
vnto
other
Protestant
Estates
,
if
he
thought
they
should
be
receued
and
be
suffred
to
manage
his
affaires
among
them
.
And
if
they
were
admitted
,
they
shuld
be
without
doubt
vnder
the
safeguard
of
Nations
:
as
wel
as
these
which
should
be
sent
vnto
him
in
their
behalfe
.
Concerning
these
that
are
subiects
of
the
Prince
or
Estate
to
whom
they
goe
in
Ambassage
,
it
is
another
matter
:
for
although
they
haue
put
themselues
vnder
another
Master
,
or
haue
gotten
tho
freedome
of
Denisons
in
other
places
,
yet
are
they
thereby
nothing
lesse
the
subiects
of
their
naturall
Lord
,
nor
any
thing
lesse
to
be
ordred
by
iustice
by
him
,
if
haply
they
haue
gone
out
of
his
dominions
without
his
leaue
,
or
for
some
offence
or
rebellion
.
King
Perceus
sent
vnto
Gentius
King
of
Illyria
,
one
that
was
naturall
borne
subiect
of
Illyria
.
A
Lieutenant
of
the
Popes
,
in
some
part
of
the
iurisdiction
of
the
Church
,
held
prisoner
the
Duke
of
Vrbins
Ambassador
;
because
,
said
he
,
the
Ambassador
was
the
Popes
subiect
.
And
in
our
Fathers
dayes
,
Frances
Sforza
Duke
of
Millan
caused
the
Esquier
Merueilles
,
a
subiect
of
Millan
,
who
hauing
retired
himselfe
into
France
,
was
sent
Ambassador
to
the
Duke
,
by
King
Frances
,
to
be
beheaded
,
as
before
I
noted
.
It
was
indiscretion
in
these
three
Princes
,
to
employ
such
men
in
that
charge
,
and
folly
in
the
men
to
accept
the
same
,
for
to
all
three
it
fell
out
ill
.
Neuerthelesse
the
King
had
reason
to
complaine
,
and
to
require
right
to
be
done
him
therein
:
for
Sforza
hauing
once
admitted
and
receiued
Merucilies
for
Ambassador
of
France
,
as
the
King
sufficiently
verified
it
by
a
letter
of
the
said
Sforzas
,
it
was
no
longer
lawfull
for
him
to
handle
him
as
his
subiect
,
and
did
therin
against
the
law
of
Nations
.
In
like
manner
was
it
with
two
others
,
vnder
Charles
the
sixt
,
the
Constable
Clisson
subiect
to
the
duke
of
Britaine
,
trusting
thereunto
,
went
vnto
him
in
an
ill
season
,
and
thought
to
haue
lost
both
life
and
libertie
together
:
the
Duke
hauing
afterwards
set
him
at
liberty
,
purged
and
rustified
himselfe
vppon
the
qualitie
of
the
said
Clisson
,
which
he
affirmed
was
a
Britton
by
birth
,
and
his
naturall
subiect
.
And
besides
he
would
that
the
King
should
owe
him
a
like
requitall
,
for
the
respect
which
he
had
of
one
of
his
officers
seeing
that
otherwise
hee
pretended
to
haue
had
good
reason
to
put
him
to
death
.
But
Philip
the
Faire
sent
backe
those
whom
the
Earle
Guy
of
Flanders
had
sent
vnto
him
,
to
offer
him
choice
of
peace
or
warre
:
although
that
their
Maister
and
themselues
were
his
subiects
,
as
the
said
King
did
not
forget
to
tell
them
.
I
will
speake
nothing
heere
of
the
grand
Signior
,
who
not
long
since
offered
himself
to
put
to
death
the
Ambassador
of
a
Christian
Prince
,
for
to
doe
that
Prince
a
pleasure
,
as
hee
said
:
because
the
said
Ambassadour
had
done
his
Maister
some
ill
offices
,
and
had
correspondency
with
his
enimies
.
Neyther
was
the
offer
accepted
because
it
might
haue
brought
much
preiudice
by
the
consequence
thereof
.
His
Familie
.
AND
because
wee
haue
comprehended
his
seruantes
vnder
his
priuileges
,
we
wil
speake
a
word
therof
.
In
former
times
the
number
of
those
that
accompanied
him
in
his
ambassage
was
certaine
and
prefixed
,
and
their
names
registred
vppon
his
provision
,
or
set
on
a
list
for
to
haue
recourse
thereunto
.
These
ought
to
enioy
their
masters
priuiledge
as
those
that
in
time
of
warre
are
comprehended
within
one
passeport
or
safe
conduct
.
But
it
being
now
left
to
the
discretion
of
the
Ambassador
,
to
take
as
many
as
he
will
,
it
is
demanded
,
if
al
ought
to
participate
thereof
;
I
make
no
doubt
of
it
,
forasmuch
as
concerneth
the
assurance
of
their
persons
,
Quod
ad
legatos
comitésue
attinet
,
si
quis
corum
,
quem
pulsisse
,
siue
iniuriam
fecisse
arguitur
,
lege
Iulia
,
de
vi
publica
tenetur
,
as
saith
a
Law
of
the
digests
,
the
which
extendeth
the
punishment
vnto
those
that
haue
outraged
the
seruants
of
the
Ambassador
,
as
if
they
had
done
it
to
his
own
person
.
And
in
truth
the
priuiledge
of
an
Ambassadour
were
very
slender
,
if
it
did
not
comprehend
the
persons
of
those
of
his
family
.
I
say
of
his
familie
.
For
there
are
some
that
passe
many
times
vnder
the
fauor
and
passe
porte
of
the
Ambassador
,
which
would
not
be
in
any
great
assurance
,
if
they
were
discouered
,
although
they
were
advouched
by
him
,
especially
if
they
be
of
another
Nation
than
himselfe
,
or
the
subiects
of
that
Prince
vnto
whome
hee
goeth
.
Besides
it
ought
not
to
be
doubted
that
the
house
of
an
Ambassadour
is
a
sanctuarie
and
place
of
retraite
to
his
seruants
and
followers
,
against
all
iniuries
and
violences
:
prouided
that
they
doe
nothing
against
the
lawes
of
the
Country
where
they
are
,
and
against
publike
honestie
.
For
that
which
is
not
permitted
to
the
Maister
,
much
lesse
is
vnto
his
seruants
.
And
yet
neuertheles
I
think
not
that
without
the
permission
of
the
Ambassador
it
is
lawfull
for
a
Sergeant
or
other
officer
of
iustice
,
to
lay
hands
on
,
ceaze
vpon
,
or
to
vse
any
other
course
of
iustice
vpon
any
of
those
of
his
house
,
vnlesse
that
they
be
tooken
in
the
very
act
and
out
of
his
house
.
For
which
cause
the
Ambassador
of
Spaine
had
reason
to
complaine
of
the
officers
of
Tunis
,
which
were
come
to
carry
away
by
force
a
seruant
of
his
being
accused
of
Sodomitry
,
alleadging
that
they
had
no
iurisdiction
vpon
him
or
any
of
his
:
and
added
,
that
that
crime
was
not
capitall
in
all
countries
,
for
if
the
Tunisians
had
taken
his
seruant
they
would
haue
proceeded
against
him
and
caused
him
to
be
burned
quicke
,
according
to
the
lawes
of
their
Country
.
And
concerning
taxes
,
impositions
,
and
other
charges
and
contributions
:
I
doubt
not
but
they
are
exempted
from
them
aswell
as
their
Maister
in
the
Country
where
he
is
resident
,
and
as
long
as
they
are
his
seruants
;
I
meane
,
in
respect
of
their
horses
,
apparrell
,
and
baggage
,
Preuided
,
they
doe
not
abuse
this
priuiledge
to
make
Merchandise
,
or
to
make
other
mens
goods
to
passe
vnder
the
colour
of
their
priuiledge
,
as
Guicciardin
saith
,
was
done
by
certaine
Deputies
of
Florence
,
sent
to
the
Emperor
Charles
the
fift
;
being
then
at
Bologne
with
the
pope
who
receued
therfore
both
shame
and
punishment
all
at
once
.
And
the
law
of
the
Digests
willeth
that
for
that
which
they
bring
out
of
their
country
besides
their
mouables
,
they
shuld
pay
the
impost
thereof
.
Neuertheles
in
this
whole
priuiledge
they
must
order
themselues
according
to
the
particular
vse
and
custome
of
the
places
.
For
if
it
were
said
that
none
should
be
exempted
,
of
what
condition
or
qualitie
soeuer
he
were
,
certainly
neither
hee
nor
his
seruants
,
should
be
more
priuiledged
than
others
:
it
being
besides
sufficiently
knowen
that
Ambassadors
and
other
forraigne
personages
are
more
fauourably
in
treated
in
one
place
than
in
an
other
.
Thus
much
for
the
country
,
wherin
their
Maister
is
resident
,
and
onely
during
the
time
of
his
Ambassage
,
and
which
is
generally
of
the
Law
of
Nations
,
and
common
vnto
all
Ambassadours
,
and
their
seruants
.
But
concerning
the
exemptions
,
immunities
,
priuiledges
,
&
prerogatiues
which
an
Ambassadour
enioyeth
in
his
owne
Country
,
by
the
consent
of
his
Prince
or
of
the
chiefe
Magistrate
:
the
same
commeth
from
the
Lawe
Ciuill
and
that
of
the
place
it selfe
:
and
it
is
not
of
one
sorte
in
all
places
,
and
stretcheth
not
so
sarre
as
vnto
seruants
.
For
I
think
it
not
reason
to
grant
vnto
them
,
letters
of
Estate
(
as
they
are
termed
)
and
of
respite
against
their
Creditors
,
and
to
cause
any
actions
or
processe
that
hath
beene
commenced
against
them
,
since
their
departure
,
and
in
respect
of
their
absence
,
to
cease
,
or
be
adiourned
as
vnto
their
Maister
himselfe
:
neither
is
there
like
consideration
for
it
.
No
otherwise
than
the
seruant
of
an
officer
,
or
one
of
the
Kings
house
,
or
of
the
chiefe
Prince
of
the
blood
who
hath
his
causes
committed
vnto
the
masters
of
the
Requests
hath
no
part
in
the
priuiledge
of
his
Maister
.
The
like
I
affirme
concerning
all
other
exemptions
,
as
taxes
and
such
like
charges
,
which
are
priuileges
granted
vnto
the
persion
of
the
Ambassador
,
and
not
to
his
seruants
and
followers
,
who
are
,
or
ought
to
be
paide
and
rewarded
with
their
Maisters
purse
,
and
whome
hee
may
either
leaue
or
change
at
his
pleasure
.
Neuerthelesse
reason
requireth
that
I
take
out
of
this
number
,
those
that
are
adioyned
vnto
him
by
the
Prince
,
or
such
other
persons
of
qualitie
whom
himselfe
hath
chosen
for
to
accompany
him
,
and
serue
him
in
the
affaires
of
his
Ambassage
,
and
without
whom
hee
cannot
sufficiently
performe
the
same
.
Vnto
them
I
also
adde
the
Secretary
and
the
Interpreter
,
which
are
necessary
Instruments
vnto
him
,
and
which
serue
rather
the
Ambassage
then
the
Ambassador
,
as
amongst
the
Swisers
and
Grisons
,
where
the
saide
Secretaries
and
Interpreters
are
enrowled
in
the
accompt
of
the
pensions
of
that
Nation
,
and
receiue
the
ordinary
wages
of
a
crowne
by
the
day
.
But
yet
to
giue
assurance
of
their
actuall
seruice
,
they
shall
doe
well
to
take
a
certificate
or
attestation
of
the
Ambassador
,
signed
with
his
hand
,
that
it
may
stand
them
in
steade
when
time
and
place
shall
require
.
All
this
is
founded
on
naturall
reason
,
and
on
the
rule
of
that
common
equity
,
which
euen
children
know
by
hart
:
That
absence
ought
not
to
preiudice
him
which
is
imployed
out
of
his
Country
for
the
seruice
of
his
Prince
or
Commonwealth
.
Absens
reip:
causa
praesens
esse
censetur
.
And
by
the
same
equitie
,
and
to
the
end
also
,
that
the
Ambassadour
might
not
be
withdrawne
from
his
charge
,
and
constrained
to
returne
into
his
Country
about
his
suites
of
law
,
no
man
can
commence
any
new
action
,
either
Reall
or
Personall
against
him
,
and
a
cessation
was
granted
vnlesse
the
cause
had
bin
before
declared
against
him
,
in
which
case
he
appointed
an
Aduocate
to
pleade
for
him
.
Concerning
his
Horses
,
Mooueables
,
and
vtensels
:
they
are
,
by
the
same
rule
,
comprehended
vnder
this
priuiledge
,
and
I
doe
not
belieue
that
it
is
lawfull
,
by
reason
of
any
debt
or
obligation
to
enter
into
the
Ambassadors
house
,
and
to
make
an
attachment
or
sale
of
his
Mooueables
and
Horses
,
since
that
I
haue
before
shewed
that
euen
in
criminall
causes
there
ought
to
be
vsed
herein
both
respect
and
discretion
.
The
accident
which
lately
befell
in
Spaine
,
in
the
French
Ambassadors
house
,
giueth
vs
a
proofe
therof
,
which
in
a
more
doubtful
time
had
beene
the
occasion
of
a
greater
trouble
.
And
for
Ciuil
respects
,
it
behooueth
those
which
bargaine
with
them
to
take
good
heede
thereunto
,
forasmuch
as
most
commonly
they
are
constrained
to
attend
vntill
the
Ambassage
be
expired
;
&
it
hapneth
vnto
them
,
as
vnto
at
others
that
haue
bargained
with
one
that
is
in
his
none-age
,
or
with
some
priuiledged
person
,
of
whose
estate
&
condition
,
they
ought
not
to
be
ignorant
.
It
is
true
that
the
Ciuil
law
distinguisheth
betweene
contracts
made
before
,
or
during
the
time
of
their
Ambassage
,
&
that
which
he
had
promised
to
pay
in
the
place
of
his
residence
,
and
at
the
time
of
his
continuance
there
,
which
they
called
Constituta
pecunia
.
I
speake
of
Contracts
for
money
and
payments
;
for
it
doth
not
often
happen
that
an
Ambassador
maketh
any
purchase
of
house
,
lands
,
and
possessions
,
in
the
Country
where
he
is
,
or
that
he
there
contracteth
himselfe
in
Marriage
:
Euen
as
it
was
not
permitted
vnto
those
whom
the
Romanes
sent
for
gouernours
into
their
Prouinces
,
to
make
purchases
there
,
or
to
marry
themselues
.
For
thereby
they
might
be
suspected
of
the
one
and
the
other
.
A
French
Gentleman
that
would
haue
maried
the
Queene
of
Walachia
,
did
put
him selfe
into
great
danger
,
for
he
went
about
it
without
acquainting
his
Maister
,
and
without
leaue
of
the
grand
Signior
,
who
was
much
offended
therewith
.
And
to
returne
to
the
matter
of
debts
and
obligations
,
the
Creditors
must
onely
addresse
themselues
by
petition
vnto
the
Prince
or
Soeraine
Magistrate
,
without
whose
permission
,
in
such
causes
nothing
can
be
effected
.
Manus
regia
ius
facit
in
omni
legatorum
negotio
.
For
if
the
Ambassadors
or
his
followers
might
not
be
ordered
by
law
,
no
man
would
euer
lend
vnto
them
,
neither
woulde
any
man
haue
any
longer
to
doe
with
them
:
the
Maister
himselfe
would
finde
the
hurt
thereof
when
his
seruice
should
be
left
vndone
for
this
occasion
.
And
farther
,
it
is
without
reason
that
they
should
make
their
profite
of
an
other
mans
harme
.
Which
would
so
be
if
they
were
not
bound
to
render
and
to
make
payment
.
Therefore
in
bargaining
they
ought
to
be
subiect
to
the
iurisdiction
of
the
place
where
they
are
,
which
I
haue
before
saide
,
taketh
place
in
the
crimes
and
offences
which
an
Ambassador
or
his
seruants
doe
commit
.
I
haue
obserued
two
other
antient
priuileges
:
the
one
,
that
the
chaines
of
gold
and
other
gifts
and
prcesents
that
had
bin
giuen
vnto
them
in
regarde
of
their
Ambassage
should
remaine
vnto
themselues
,
and
I
beleeue
that
no
man
would
now
make
any
question
thereof
,
prouided
that
it
be
without
suspition
,
and
in
such
sort
as
I
haue
before
shewed
.
For
the
inciuilitie
&
barbarousnesse
of
the
Duke
of
Moscouie
is
not
to
be
approoued
,
who
taketh
away
,
not
onely
the
habites
and
ornaments
which
hee
giueth
them
at
their
departure
,
but
also
the
giftes
and
presents
which
haue
beene
bestowed
vpon
them
in
their
Ambassage
,
which
he
converteth
to
his
owne
profit
.
It
is
true
that
the
Muscouites
are
not
simply
subiects
,
(
as
those
which
were
in
England
in
the
behalfe
of
their
Prince
about
18.
yeares
past
did
shewe
vnto
me
)
but
slaues
vnto
their
Prince
.
The
other
antient
aduantage
of
Ambassadours
is
that
it
was
permitted
vnto
them
to
repose
themselues
after
their
returne
without
being
constrained
to
be
charged
with
any
businesse
or
office
of
the
Commonwealth
.
For
as
for
the
charge
of
wardship
,
and
such
like
,
A
man
is
discharged
of
it
vpon
a
lesse
occasion
.
Finally
,
he
begins
to
inioy
his
priuileges
,
not
only
from
the
day
of
his
ariual
,
but
euen
from
the
day
of
his
nomi
nation
to
the
charge
,
as
also
his
returne
was
not
counted
at
the
prefixed
instant
but
after
he
had
made
his
reporte
&
cum
laxamento
temporis
,
as
they
vse
to
say
:
because
that
as
odious
matters
are
restrained
,
euen
so
fauourable
matters
are
fauourably
extended
,
and
for
that
also
it
is
for
the
good
of
the
Estate
to
be
fully
informed
of
the
negotiation
of
an
Ambassador
.
And
this
his
returne
doth
no
longer
depend
vppon
his
will
,
but
on
the
reuocation
,
a
Commaundement
of
his
Maister
,
if
hee
would
not
be
accounted
one
that
forsaketh
his
place
,
as
a
souldier
that
departeth
from
the
sentinell
without
being
relieued
or
that
leaueth
his
colours
without
his
Captaines
permission
.
And
such
Ambassadours
in
ancient
times
,
were
depriued
of
their
wages
,
priuiledges
and
allowances
:
and
with
all
,
hazarded
their
liues
.
Nor
knowe
I
any
sufficient
excuse
for
him
that
leaueth
his
charge
without
hauing
had
commandement
therefore
,
if
he
happen
to
stand
in
danger
of
his
life
thereby
,
as
it
many
times
falleth
out
:
vnlesse
he
were
driuen
away
by
force
,
or
by
the
authority
of
him
,
about
whom
he
executed
his
charge
:
or
that
there
chanced
such
and
so
sodaine
trouble
or
alteration
in
the
Estate
that
hee
could
no
longer
remaine
;
or
that
the
Prince
,
with
whom
he
was
resident
should
on
a
sodaine
denounce
open
warre
against
his
Maister
,
in
which
case
the
law
forbids
them
to
receiue
any
giftes
or
presents
.
Yet
I
would
haue
him
,
if
possibly
he
could
,
to
make
stay
on
the
frontires
,
whereby
to
take
time
to
aduertise
his
Maister
thereof
that
he
may
not
sodainly
surprize
him
,
or
giue
him
an
vnexpected
alarum
of
his
returne
,
which
is
a
rash
attempt
,
that
all
Princes
take
not
in
sporte
.
In
a
popular
Estate
or
vnder
a
seuere
and
sharpe
Prince
,
they
are
in
danger
of
punishment
for
the
same
.
But
as
soone
as
he
is
reuoked
,
his
authoritie
is
at
an
end
.
For
which
cause
Monsieur
de
Granuelle
refused
to
reade
the
letter
of
defiance
which
King
Francis
the
first
had
vnderwritten
,
to
be
sent
to
his
Maister
the
Emperour
Charles
,
alleadging
for
excuse
that
he
was
no
longer
Ambassadour
,
for
that
he
had
receiued
commaundement
to
take
leaue
and
to
depart
.
FINIS
.