The nobles or of nobilitye The original nature, dutyes, right, and Christian institucion thereof three bookes. Fyrste eloquentlye writte[n] in Latine by Lawrence Humfrey D. of Diuinity, and presidente of Magdaleine Colledge in Oxforde, late englished. Whereto for the readers commodititye [sic], and matters affinitye, is coupled the small treatyse of Philo a Iewe. By the same author out of the Greeke Latined, nowe also Englished. 1563.

The Nobles or of Nobilitye . ** THE ORIGINAL nature , dutyes , right , and Christian Institution thereof three Bookes .

❧ FYRSTE ELOQVENTLYE written in Latine by Lawrence Humfrey D. of Diuinity , and Presidente of Magdaleine Colledge in Oxforde , late englished . Whereto , for the readers commodititye , and matters affinitye , is coupled the small treatyse of Philo a Iewe. By the same Author out of the Greeke Latined , nowe also Englished .

1563. Imprinted at London in Fletestrete nere to S. Dunstons church by Thomas Marshe .

❀ * TO THE MOSTE Christian Princesse Elizabeth Queene of Englande , Fraunce , and Irelande . &c. The noblest protectour and defendour of the true fayth .

THAT GOOD , happy , and fortunate may proue to al christians : but chiefelye the people of England For stoaringe this our flourishing state with holesomst ordinaunces , and moste politike lawes : for recouerye of our lorne liberty , for tender cherishinge and renewynge the Churche , by Gods singuler mercye and prouidence : for restoaringe religion from exyle ( as it were ) to her auncient sincerity , and primitiue purenes : for the merye quiete , and cleare calme , ensuing the tossinges , and troublesome stormes of later times : for the luckye , prosperous , and quiete setlynge al thynges , as well abroade as at home : is none , so vnmindeful of him selfe , his countreye , or all godlines , who seeth not , we ought fyrst render hartiest and immortal thankes , to almightie god . And next your godly trauayle , singuler endeuour , & faythfullest seruyce , ( O most Christian Queene ) oughte be registred in euery booke , and spred to all posterytye . For what by therto , nor force , nor power , nor all the fetches of mans witte or pollecy coulde compasse , that nowe to haue happed not through the manhoode , myghte , or gouernement of a manlye kynge : but vnder the conducte , of a woman queene , without tumult , quietelye , and euen by Gods hande : suche so famous benefite , who nold locke in minde ? Who not roll in amased thoughte ? Who not renoume in euerye age ? Wherein notwithstandynge ( O Queene ) we aduaunce not your might , not your arme , not your wise dome : but wonder at your weakenes & infirmitye . We praise not mannes power : but ascribe it to the bouneye & mercy of God . To whose beeke , worde , and prouidence , all and whole this wondrous facte ( howesoeuer greate ) must freelye and wholy be imputed . Therefore , that Hymne and tryumphante songe , whych Moses and the children of Israel song in the desert , after the buryal of Pharao in the red sea : in the congregations of the godly , ought alwaye resound , singinge with one tune and ioyned hertes . The lorde is our strength and praise , & he is become our saluacion . He is our God , and we wil prepare him a tabernacle , our fathers god and we wyl exalte him . The lorde is a man of Warre , hys name is Iehouah . Thy right hand lorde , is glorious in power . Thy right hand lord , hath crushd the enemy . But syth , these his benefites , are already sufficiently blased by others wrytynges , and I otherwhere haue somewhat signified my minde and good wyll : I neede not here to expresse my ioy . Especially synce nowe my greetynge maye seeme ouerlate . Neuertheles , so greate and incredible mercye of our God , so meruaylous power , so straunge and vnhoped happe , so sodayne and heauenlye ioye : meante I in no wise to ouerstippe wyth silence . But thys tyme asketh , yea craueth , other charge of me .

Namelye , to shewe the argumente of thys my small treatyse , and dysclose the chyefest causes of the tytle . That your Maiestye , seeyng at one glymse the whole summe , and vnderstandynge wythall , what occasyons moued me to wryte : both by your wysedome maye more certaynelye knowe the whole cause , and accordynge to youre iudgemente , iudge vpryghtly thereof , and as best sytteth your gracious fauoure , yf it seeme worthye your patronage , mayntayne and defende it , as a poore and naked Clyent , as wel against the close whisperynges , as open inuectyues of curyous Carpers .

Seeynge Nobilitye spredde through all realmes and coastes of chrystendome , flouryshe in all estates of honour , beare the sway in pryncely courtes , and in maner the piller and staye of all commen weales : and through it , eyther the greatest aydes , or chiefest hynderances conueyghed into mens life and maners : I thought , this chosen order once seasoned wyth right & christian opinions , & reformed by the vncorrupted squier of antiquity , both princes shold more soundly gouerne their subiects and ecclesiasticall ministers more faythfullye performe theyr charge , and the people execut all theyr bounden duties more diligentlye , and so the whole commen wealth more stronglye breath , lyue and recouer . Syth their councels all these seeme to folowe , and on theyr authoritye leane and staye . And therefore , considered , the deuine Plato , was not cause les chyefelye earnest in his bookes of common wealth , That the wardens , otherwyse the rulers , called to offyce in eche state , and be guydes of the rest : shoulde frome theyr you the vpwardes , be seasoned with holyest preceptes and principles . For in theym he iudged , the weyghtyest parte , of such goodes or euelles , as happe in the commen wealth to consyst . Nor was I ignoraunt of the matter it selfe , there were dyuers opinions : yea , some bookes wrytten . And infinite were it , to recken so many surmises , as touchynge it , are tossed to and fro , in the monumentes of auncient Phylosophers . For Anacharses sayde , the wyse Prynce was happye . Socrates , who first could rule him selfe . Pittacus , who so ruled his subiectes , as they feared not hym but his . Others thynke him meetst to be a prynce , who hath liued vnder a prince As Agesilaus sayeth , he ruleth well , whoe hath sometyme obeyed . Cambises in Xenophon thus lessoneth hys sonne Cyrus . One onely meane ( O Sonne ) in all estates is left to wynne the a noble name . Namely to embrace wysedome . Others affirmed Vertue a compendious meane to Nobilitye and honour . And these truly thought not al amisse , but tolde truthe . Howbeit not all . For part they shewe . But what chyefe is , and pryncipall , touche not . Moreouer , one thynge is it to be a chrystian , other an heathen Noble . One thyng taught Stoa , Academia , Lyceum : other the Chayre of Moses , the Gospel of Chryst , and the Epistels of the Apostels But , that my purpose may more playne and clearelye appeare , suffer me I beseche you ( O moste gracious Queene ) to forespeake somewhat . And in this entrye ( as it were ) to discourse a whyle , howe expedyente thys knowledge is , howe profytable , necessarye , aad meete , for these tymes , the handlynge of thys argumente . Not to warne you a●readye myndeful enough , but , for yf other Nobles see the summe shortly abbridged , authorised by your noble doome : for the weyghte and authoritye of the pa●ronesse , they neede not contemne it . I haue gathered and heaped out of the best wryters , so muche , as concerneth the true and auncient Image and institucion of Noblesse . Nor teach I onely mine owne opinion , but prooue it . And what erst I supped oute of the swete sprynges of the holy Bibles , and others not despised ryvers of good wryters : that nowe I apply to the enquirye and searche , of the source & offpring of Nobilitye : to shewe the chanels & braunches , the nature , doctrine , and duties thereof . That it may casely appeare by what vertues it is kyndeled , by what vices quenched . Truly , thus I perswade my selfe , Nobilitye is farre greater then manye conteyue of it . And the callyng heauenly but hard . The honour lightsome , but the burthen heauye .

And to vaunt and professe him selfe , others superiour and better : of all others the moste massye charge . Nor place I the honour of Nobilitye in those thynges , whyche so the commen people honoureth , hawkynge , huntynge , hastines , mightye power , vayne vauntes , traynes of horse , and seruauntes , ryot , myschyefes , brauerye , roystynge porte , or great lyne . For these are partly fonde , partelye frayle , partly filthye and abhominable .

But thys accompte I the surest sygne and token of Nobilitye , howe muche men passe beastes , so muche the Nobles to excell the rest : and by all the degrees and stayers of vertue , to clyme and scale , the steepe ●lyeue of Nobilitye . For so , nor shall cowardry amate the chaungelynge courages , nor stayne of lyfe clypse or blemyshe wyth infamye , the bryghtnes of theyr byrth . But they shall playnelye proue theym selues , descended of that reuerende , auncient , and Goddishe race : whyche for the excellencye of her vertue , and manye merites of mankynde , is deemed to haue had heauenlye byrth , and glyded from the skyes : and as the Sauiour and preseruer of mankynd , is honoured with the tunges , and pennes of all men . These are the true prooues , the Noblest Petygrees , and surest oruamentes and armes of an auncient stocke . To conclude , I thus defyne it .

The hawtiest , worthiest , and honourablest Nobilitye is that , whyche with the renoume and fame of auncestrye , hath coupled excellent , Chrystyan , and farre spred vertue .

Whereby , both ciuile societyes are maynteyned , and the commen life of man supported . Wherein the profitable bloomes of Vertue approoue theyr roote . With these sparkes of true prayse , and Vertue enflamed our Nobilitye , striueth with it selfe . And treadynge the steppes and pathes of her auncestoures , fyndeth the entry open onely by two steaites Namely , the commendation of Justice and religion . By Justice the commen wealth is gouerned , by religion the churche is sowdred Justice , with ryght eye beholdeth eche cause with euen care listneth them , wyth straighte foote , wadeth to the indifferencye of ryghte , with vncorrupte , and vpryght heart , trulye weigheth them . Nor euer is spotted wyth dregges of couetyse , or by ambicious lust , of rule bearyng , wryed from ryght iudgement . The nursers of religion are Kynges , and Princes . Her nurses , Queenes . As heauenly teacheth the euangelicall prophete Esay . But for euerye man can not hereto reache , two aydes are requisite . Fyrst wysedome and learnyng . Where withoute , what kingedome , what state , what Citye , what household may stand : Naye , who maye limite him selfe lawes of lyfe , eyther greenelye or nothing nousled in knoweledge of heauenly diuinity , or humaine philosophy ? The truthe whereof the Paganes learne vs .

Who seyng , the vnlearned blundred as crowes in the mist , confounding and disorderynge all thinges : and contrarye wyse , wysedome fyned by knowledge , shoane and cleared all mystes : aduysed to ioyne to them selues teachers , or philosophers , as guydes and moderatours of theyr whole lyues . As Achilles , Chyron , Agamemnon , Hector , Hector Polidamas , as witnesseth Homere . And Vlisses we reade in the Odissees , accompanied with Minerua , entred and departed Cyclops caue dronke vnchaunted Circes cuppe , herd but approched not the Syrenes temptynge songes , trauayled to , but abode not wyth the Lotophagi , scaped vndrowned Silla : People that feed onely on the tree Lotos . to conclude , sayled to hell , but retourned safe . What nede I mention Cicero ? Who ioyned to him Molo , and many moe ? What Augustus ?

Who had Athenodorus ? What Alexander ?

Who had Aristoteles . Sith it is euydente yea , Tyrans had teachers ? Dionisius Plato . Hiero of Siracuse , Simonides , Policrates , Anacreon ? and Nero the monster of the whole earth , held with him a while Seneca ? The other parte , is the stomake and stoutenes of a hygh and hawtye courage . For , as learnyng sheweth howe iustly , and godly , to do , so this refuseth no trauayle , no peryll , no torment , runneth into fyer , on weapons pointes , ventreth and beareth with a pryncelye courage , all hasards of life and limme : rather then suffer the duties we haue reckened , lye stayned or forsaken . This iudge I ( most noble Queene ) the true , vnfayned , the bryghte and cleare , not smoakye and shaded Nobilitye . Whiche is iust , louinge to religion , and studious of learnyng . And herewythal stout and wyth a royall readynes inflamed to action . But O immortall God , would we but in thought ouerrunne all realmes , how fewe fynde we furnished with these vertues :

Naye rather , howe many blemishd with contrary vices , and mischieues ? Howe fewe Aristides in Justice ? Dauids or Josias in religion ? But howe manye tyrauntes , oppressours , brybe mongers , and rauenours of the people ? Howe many fettred and lymed , with supersticions ? or ignorant , dysiemblers or persecutours of the trueth ? How few learned Maiestrates , to whome notwithstandynge is credited power of lyfe and death ? To whom is permitted , to draw & vnsheath the sword of authority on al men ? To waste all , as well holy , as prophane , with fyre and flame ? Howe many , who not onely not guerdon learning and the learned , but euen hate , spyte , and condemne them ? Howe fewe of them stoute warriours in Christes cause , whom it behooued , to haue bene his souldyours , yea champions ? They , who receyue of him all thinges , yea , more aboundantlye then the rest , euen they for a matter of nothynge , a goates fleese , or an ashes shade , for then heritaunce of a litle burroughe or lande , what warres wage they not ? What hasards venter not ? Howe ofte spende they lyfe ? Howe ofte theyr bloud ? But the same for religion , for defence of theyr heade , scarse hasarde one fynger , no not one farthynge . Wherefore , to suche ought this exhortacion worthelye , profitablye , and necessarilye be applyed , to moue them to ioyne and purchase aunciente Noblesse , to this theyr newe gentrye , that all maye wyth one honest and commendable emulacion , be enflamed to one selfe desyre . and lyke contencion , and stryfe towardes Vertue . I accompte it truly my labour worthe , that ( though grossely ) I attempted to describe the ryghte pathe to Nobilitye . Syth of it , whatsoeuer eyther felicitye or calamitye , is in our present state , seemeth to issue . But , that my talke maye purchace better credyte , and wynne greater authoritye , I haue coupled to me , as a companion and felow Theseus in my trauayle , the excellent , treatyse of Philo a Iewe. Whom playnely , for the vse of studious & noble young gentlemen , I translated out of Greeke into Latyne . That iointly with the knoweledge of the tounge , they maye drynke godlynes . Thus heare you most noble Queene , what I treate . You haue also heard , what chyefelye moued me to it . But though neyther to Englande , nor our Nobilitye namelye my talke be referred , but generallye the cause it selfe debated , ( god helpyng ) , to profyte al : yet after the custome and wonte of wryters , meante I to flye to some ones protection , vnder shadow of whose defence I mought arrest my selfe . And therfore chyefelye to you my Queene and pryncesse , thought my selfe bounden to offer , this symple sygnyfyeng of my obseruaunce and duetye towardes you . Beseechynge ye . thys small volume of Nobles or Nobility , maye appeare vnder safeconducte and protection of your name . Not for I mynde to teache your Noble maiestye any dutyes of Nobylitye : but for ( whyche is no meane plague through all Chrystendome ) yf my choyce should chaunce on some other , hardlye perhappes could he skyll the latyne phrase .

So should I chose some such Tutor and patrone , to defend my cause , as knewe it not .

But on you , and your most victorious brother , the kynge your father employed no benefyte , eyther greater or Nobler : then in procuryng ye to be p●olished with all sortes of good artes . For howe much rarer , so muche welcomer tytle it is , trulye to terme a prince trende to the Muses and learnynge .

Farther meant I at thys present to beseech your hyghenes , that for you knowe my fyrst heste , and gladlye ( I hope ) graunte it : you would next , chiefely furnishe your court , ( as most paynefullye and pollitikely ye do ) with men famous for commendacion of Iustice , godlynes , and learning , And studious & earnest appliers & practisers therof . Continue to cheryshe and honour true Nobilitye , wherewyth your kingedome swarmeth , and nowe youre Courte flourysheth . Syth it is the keye of your reygne , the lyghte of youre realme , and the safest garde of youre person But frome Mockecourtyers and counterfayt Nobles , yf any such yet lurke ( as Augustus Cesar whilome disfranchised them , who coulde not vse theyr citye ) eyther reeue you as vnworthy this priuiledge : or at least with Dauyd , banyshe your courte forswearers , blasphemers , money marchaunts , and bribe takers . Whych is more wyshed , for it is gentelest and most commodious for them . Which also I despayre not shortly to see . Both by your graue counsaylours aduyce , and other Nobles , and your owne president . For , as the rulers leade , so foloweth and formeth it selfe the rable rest . Worthye it is , that Plutarche noteth of Dionisius . To whom lieng at Siracuse when Plato came , whyle he gaue hym selfe to study of philosophye , al the court was sprent wyth dust . And euery corner swarmed wyth clusters drawyng Geometricall fygures . But after his breache wyth Plato , when he forsooke philosophye , and fell to women , and banketting : the other courtyers alyke , wyth chaunged moode , altered theyr myndes and thoughtes , to lyke of wantonnesse of life , lyke hate & contempt of dust and learnynge . This therefore , maye be other cause , of my geuinge it to youre grace To propose your maiestie paterne of the auncient dignifye , Image of th olde honour , and piller of true Nobilitye . That in a woman Noble men maye finde , what to learne , what to folowe , what to wonder . Whether they weygh your vpryghte Iustyce welcome to the good , dreadfull to the enemye : or the synguler learnynge , wherewyth euen to mens mase , you are stoared : or your feruent zeale , loue , and furtherynge of religion , or your noble and hawtye courage : who in greatest tempestes and stormes , both a woman and sole , weeld and steare , most wysely and stoutelye the sterne of so great a kyngdome . Whyche hawtynesse of stomake , to tonfyrme & keepe I see I nede not exhorte you . For maye we doubt , but who with so synguler prudence , so sweete consent of all degrees , so quietely and happely restored the churche , myserablye and horriblye deformed with erroures , supersticions , and infinite heapes of Idolatrye , to the state of her primitiue purenes : the same if yet any dregges remayne , anye limpinge or haltyng , eyther in ordes or maners : wil with al helpe , care , councell , speede , prouyde for it , withstande it , and reforme it ? For neyther wyl who began this good worke in you , not finishe it ( to whom onelye belongeth to geue princelye mindes to prynces ) . Nor is youre wysedome ignoraunt , what you do is Gods worke , not your owne . His the house , yours the buyldynge . Wherein nor the feare of few nor murmuryng of many , ought withdrawe you from your forward foundacion . For , his wil it is , his temple should be raysed , the walles of Hierusalem repayred . Our Cirus our anoynted , and Chryste willeth , what your mightyest father Henrye began , youre godlyest brother furthered , that you euen you should finishe and accomplyshe . Thoughe Foxes barke and howle , though Sanbaliet and the Gentyles rulers with al their might and power withstande it . The lord of Hoastes he is , who byds you buyld : men they are that withstand you . As in the person of god speaketh Esaye to this effecte . I , I am he who comforte the. Who then art thou that fearest a mortall , or the sonne of man , whoe shall become as haye ? I haue put my wordes in thy mouthe , and with the shadowe of my hande shyelded the. That I may plante the heauens , and settle the earth : that it may be sayde , to Syon , to Englande , my people art thou . Wherefore moste humble thankes we yeelde the god of Sabaoth , who so hathe armed and assisted youre valyaunte courage , in finishynge so perfectlye and boldelye thys his businesse : as nor the dartes of enuy haue pearced you , nor the shotte of malyce shaken you , nor the wyles of your ennemyes snared you , nor the enmye campe of Sathan ouerrunne you . We greete wel also our christian Nobilitye , who prouoked by your pryncelye presydent , and enflamed wyth gentilmanlye courage , doubted not to folowe the call , and authoritye of theyr guyde and Capitayne .

Yea , so to folowe , as they blushed not , to set to theyr handes , to employ theyr councel and trauayle , to repayrynge and buyldynge thys heauenly frame . Proceede therefore , proceed O most noble Quene , wyth this your noble trayne , in settyng like rooffe and ende to your beginninges . But so haue you a Mayden Queene begonne , so beganne youre brother a chylde , and kynge : as ye seeme to shadowe all your graundfathers & great graundsyres , to haue lyghtned your owne name , and vaunced an enseygne , and glysteryng paterne to all your famelye and posteritye . As you haue begonne therefore , so proceede . Though aloane , though a woman . So wonteth Christ to daunt the world . Not in mennes myght , but enfantes , sucklynges , women . Debbora , brake the Iron Charrettes of Labinus the Cananite . Iudith slewe Holofernes . Hester saued the Iewes condemned to dye , from the rampyng mouth , and yawninge Iawes of death . Nor is he sole , whom god assisteth . Who seeth Gods campe . As Iacob agaynst Esau . Whose mounte is enuyroned wyth horse and fierye chares . As against the king of Siria the prophete Elizeus . Howe are ye desolate , when god encampeth in the syghte of his seruauntes ? So as Dauyd sole , feared not thousandes of enemyes . For the lord was with him . Who can when him pleaseth from heauen commaund whole legions . He fyghteth not with noumber , but wyth hys only breath , prostrateth & felleth kings . Holy warre wyl he wage for you his hādmayden . That onely he may tryumphe , who onely is the mightiest champion , and noblest conquerour . But whereto tease I and prouoke you to this christian battaile , of your selfe , through the holy spirites inspiracion , prone enough ? Or wheretoe mention I warre , where no suspicion of warre , no campe , no foe appeareth ? God hauinge on all sides planted peace , and graunted all nacions tyme and place of rest ? All iarres appeased at home : al broyles buryed abroade ? O meruaylous goodnes of God . O deepe iudgementes , whyche no obliuion ought rase : worthy tremblynge and honour of all posteritye . Cal to your secrete thought , and mind ( O Queene ) what straunge and huge wonders , howe singulerlye , and wonderously , the prouidence of our God , hath wrought . And ouerrunne attentiuelye , onelye the course of these nyne later yeares . So shall you see the lorde and God of vengeaunce , hath scattered his foes , with his onelye becke and countenaunce .

Snaught hence , the butchers of his saincts , from amiddes theyr slaughters , walowyng in theyr chyefe delyght and calmest quiete . At home in your England , in maner at one stroke , mowed of many Byshoppes , wyth the Cardynall and theyr head . In Germanie somewhat afore , wyth a stretched out arme , smytte Dukes and Byshoppes , warryng agaynst the godlye . In Italye at the selfe instante , typpled three or fower Popes with the selfe cuppe of madnes . Whistynge the Emperoures deathe ensuynge , and the kyng your neyghbour late amids hys tryumphes , after his vayne and smoakye wordes , and the bloudy decree of his crueltie publyshed , slayne wyth the selfe staffe of God . So as more princes and Prelates haue fallen by his hand , then the sword and fyer of Tyraunts . What nowe they be , it lieth not in my power to determyne . What lyuynge they were , hereby appeareth . That not onelye the realmes where they raygned , seeme cased and lyghted , of a heauier yoake and masse then Ethna : but euen whole Christendome laugheth , and ioyeth it hath vomyted out so strong a venime . Whose spyrytes I disquiete not . Ne doth my talke nowe combatte with the dead . Woulde they had bene here good , hereafter saynctes . Onely meant I hereby ( O most gracious Quene ) to imprynte in all Christendome , deeper memory of Gods prouidence . Continually to behold his gentlenes towardes the vesselles of his mercye : and iust seueritye , towardes his ennemyes : rentyng wyth all cruelty and mercyles rage , Chrystes frendes & brethren .

A worthye consideracion , wherein oughte anker , as well the thoughtes of the godlye that suffer , for theyr comforte : as the iniurious vngodlye , to moue theym while time is to turne to the Lorde . Thus much therfore wrote I to you , that seynge God fyghteth for you and yours , you qwayle not that hawetines of courage . But rather more stoutely withstand your foes . Seruyng vnder the standerd of that general and captaine who is God almightye . But though namely to you I haue thus much sayde , of fortitude the fourth parte of Nobilite yet meant I by you to counsayle al Nobles , burieng al basenes and weaknes of stomacke , to further , cherishe , defende , and mayntayne vnstayned , religion with theyr councell , authoritye , myght , and force . Call to mynde O Queene : weyghe they allso , who , what , and whersoeuer long since , not the deuel , but the true God sayde to the Sybarytes .

Happye , thryse happy shalt shou be Sybarite Whyles in thy weale thou worshypst God aryght . But when thou him neglectst for mortall men Whote broyles abroade , at home bate haue thou then . But whether hathe the streame of my talke ouerborne me ? That whom I maye well geue the hearynge , I enterpryse to learne . But I beseeche youre maiestye pardon my boldenes . Ascrybyng it to my willingnes by you to helpe others . To you meant I onelye to signifye , what in this booke I treate , that yf my purpose be not contemptuous , it dysplease not your hyghenes to haue it dedicate to you . I beseche the Lord Ihesus , Prynce and fountayne of all Noblesse , to enryche and furnyshe all Nobles wyth your like thewes . To anoynt your breast , with the spyryte of Iustice , Godlynes , wysedome , and fortitude and preserue your maiesty , to the greater encrease of the glory of his name . That your reygne maye be to your selfe honoure , to the churche ayde and comforte , to the commen wealthe , staye and ornament . That by youre godly president , and Scotland now in faythe our syster : The other neyghbour Nacions Fraunce , Spayne , Flaunders , and all realmes and kingdomes maye at lengthe awake from theyr longe slomber , to like lighte of the Gospell . That all Prynces with Chryst , thinke theyr kingdomes not of this worlde . So at last to gayne an euerlasting crowne . Amen .

Your maiesties most humble and obedient Subiect . L. H.

❀ TO THE RYGHTE honourable and worshhipfull of the Inner Temple .

WHAT OTHERS , with long perswasions , sometime all in vaine , Nature and Arte , the warest guides assay to learne : that at this prefent , the rather to enforce in me , they haue coupled to their authorities , vnauoydable necessitie . Namely , to cause me , what I meane to maintain or excuse , first to propose . For , what eyther for necessitie could I , or without breache of the comely course of nature & order shuld I , in my preface preferre before the title ? Yet again , what weaker ? what more impugned ? I say not of the captious carpers , but euen the patrones of whom iustliest it awaited succour ? Whiche notwithstandinge , rather I say as fearinge what I doubte , then foreiudginge my hope . For sith the wise euen with example teache , it may perhaps be argument enoughe of refusall that hitherto they accepted none . And whereto chooseth he them ( saye some ) whome none tofore ?

Hopeth he to reache , what neuer any erst ? Whom as easye is to aunswere , theyr not accepting , riseth of want of profferynge . For whom succourles haue they dismissed ? Whom reiected ? Who remayneth paterne of theyr rigour or crueltye ? Patrones not onelye of the learned , but all afflicted good . Yet my guylt , ( if ought ) I confesse lesse colourable , for wythout Presydente , late at least , I ventred the vnattempted meane . But , if lyke reason forde like lawe , sith sundrie Pamphlets soughte and founde succour , in ladyes lappes , in lordes armes , in the Queenes bosome : well maye a Templer hope , to roost in the Temple , vnder the rooffe of your honoures and worshyppes names .

Which notwithstandinge , I clayme not of curtesye , but bothe I proue it my parte to proffer it , and vnseemely and vnsittyng to your honoures , to spurne it . For the fyrst , three reasons proffer to acquite me . The fyrste , is the consideration of the bounden dutye , whereby I am indetted to thys Noble house . Which , as I want the wyshed meanes to expresse : so neuer the hart to continue . Rest it ye my lordes , to vnlads by proofe youre affection . Nor yet by vnladinge ( as the swollen hearte by the weepynge eye ) to asswage the passion . Suffise me , the offer of this myte of fame , to the teasing of greater . To like ende runne , though by farre distant meanes , the creapyng Ante , the rampyng , Lyon . As ready and prest am I , by halinge in my one wheaten graine , to signifye my engraffed pietye : as your honours by conferryng whole reekes Onelye craue I , my deuoyre be no fraude to me . That what I meane simply , ye incerprete not presumptuously . The nexte of no lesse efficacye , issueth from your honoures and worshyppes . Whose honourable state , as it earneth the prayse , so of dutye claymeth the patronage of your honour . Whom thus linkd and knyt in one , as a corporacion or felowshippe , iuste cause inhibiteth me to terme : so as weighty respect , enforceth to adiudge the most honourable societie , and ciuile bodie of Gentlemen . For wherewith hath that highe Ioue ( to whome worthelye is ascribed the honoure , of fyrst assembling and vniting sondred multitudes ) honoured other states : not especially aboue the reste priuileging this ? Famous for all prefermentes bothe of fortune and vertue , but chiefely , for Concord , Continuaunce , & Gentrie . For , what surer or faster league of amitie , then the wrythen band with greene and tender hartes , whych dried with elde , rather bowe then bend ? Or what for continuance more lastinge or immortall , then the exempt from death ? Whych , if a corporacion be , may these the maynteyners and preseruers of all societyes , not be ? But of gentrye what neede I speake ? where the whole realme vaunteth her stoare . Some Noble vaunis of their whole house . Some vauntours of their Noble house . Some glorious for both . None moath or caterpiller of his parents prayses .

Where , if eche seuerally ye deny a complete gentleman : certes the whole in loue but one , euen in Momus iudgement , shal mate , I say not the Courtier , but euen this our christian Noble . Eche one so seeming to supplie others want as with one voice , thus satisfie they the Courtyer , demaunding what wantes they best beare : euen those , wherof our feeres are cloyed with stoare .

From ye also proceedeth this , that emonges ye , and of ye they are , whoe fynding me deaffe at then chaunting reasons , wherwith long they sought to charme me , to conceiue of my selfe more then either I ought or mought : at laste , with their vndeniable frendshipps so pressd me , as violently they yoaked me to the charge , that thus ladeth & crusheth me . No otherwyse withholding , and lingering , then the enforced to leaue his loued home , permitteth the directing of his dumpishe coarse , to his vnwelcom guydes : him selfe , withe his twyned neck and twinned mynde , altogether ententife on the place he parteth fro . Whose Choyse , had it light so luckelie as it ought nor needed I at this present to pleade my pardon , nor they be accessaryes , yf not principalls , in my vnwillyng crymes . Whose requests , as I vouch not to preiudice ye , so mencion I , to make my blames more excusable , for theyr importunitye . Who emplied in this title , are partners bothe of the prayse and infamye , to the venter whereof , they pushed forth me .

So recompenced with as massye charge , that bequeathd them , which sole I confesse my selfe vnable to welde . Ioyne hereto , that onelye the Queenes hyghenes , deserued at first to surname it . Knowynge therefore , by translation it must fall ( whych yet onely so much I wishd , as our tonge yeldeth to thother ) howsoeuer therin I am maister of my wishe throughe willingnes , at least I meant to prouide , it shoulde stoope but one steppe in authorising . Which howe it lesse may , then by ye : certes I see not .

Whom , as seuered , some exceede : so ioynt , next her maiestye none . The thirde and laste , concerneth the cause it selfe . Which though nowe stoared with patrones , claymeth yet none so ryghtlye as ye . First , for it is yours , as heritage by your auncestoures , as purchase by your owne prowesse .

Next , for it is pestred with counterfaytes . Whom but ye discouer , and punishe for intrusion , needes must they argue ye of basenes . For two so contrary ympes neuer bred Nobility Thirdlye , for if ye retaine it not , and thother it selfe abhorrre , and obscure it can not lye : ( for it coueyteth the statelyest Towers & Sunnye mountes ) needes must that lampe of your Gentrie quenche , that Moone of your honoure wane , that Sonne of your glorie clipse . And by reiecryng , eyther condemueth other . Wherof , whether is most preiudicial , who seeeth not ? Of such importaunce your example is , as Socrates wel termed ye , that cities leuel . Howe crookedly the & all amisse shal the meaner sorte iudge of that , whiche though plainely ye condemne not , yet in withdrawing your maintenance , litle alowe ? Whom shal we seeke to shielde it , if ye betraye it ? The deuines ? They prise no persons nor looke to states but sowles . The commens ? They haue declared theyr affection by ofte impugninge it . The Prince ? Her feare I to prouoke , by debasing that erst so honourd her .

Whose elder protection , dischargeth not , but authoriseth ye , to defend whom your princesse hath receiued to patronage . These therfore thus remoued , sith we maye well despaire , to fynde your progenie heires to that ye neuer left theym : who but ye onelye reste , to father orphane honour ? And thus heare ye right honourable , the three causes . Which , as they charged me to geue it ye , so I hope , discharge me of presumption in proferyng it . The next , hath for a great part , relacion to the already prooued . For if it behoue me to proser it ye , sith this relyenge necessitie hath a vent , probable it is my constraint of profering , emplieth your necessitie of taking . Hereto therfore collaterallye serueth , what hath bene sayde . But with more force to moue ye , & not neglect any part of my promisse : somewhat meane I to saye , whye ye ought take it . With open mouth loe curtesy , the refuge , roade , & succour of al afflicted , the patronesse of hartye though meanest presentes : fearing stayne in ye in this , crieth ye maye not spurne so humble , so iust , so heartye proffer . Nowe hyeth she to vouche her olde forworne presidentes , of that Noblest prince , that disdaind not the proffered rape . And Artaxerxes who so much prised , that heaued vp handes of his well wishinge Subiecte , though but filled with water : as he boughte the licour which golde . And thothers apple gift , as he plainelye pronounced him one of that sorte , whose bigge hart , were able to swel a Coat to a kingdome . Acknowledginge the minde that sugreth euery present , to counteruaile the most precious iewel She sayeth , the gifte is but the hartes huske onelye the hearte the presented kernell . And most precious present is it , that so noble gifte honoureth .

For of euery benefite , the receiuours gaine is the hearte . And the affection nameth the gyfte . Yea , of suche force is the geuers mynde , as though Cicero accompte the misplaced benefyte losse , yet Aristotle aloweth this recompence . That were the taker vnworthy the gift is geuen to curtesie . And neuer wante giftes where wil aboundeth . For , hit is the gifte , what so the signe be . And , who sticketh in the signe , not attendinge the signed : fareth , as who not prisinge the Nutie , should sticke in the Nutshale . Nor is here any meane or base gifte offered , ( which if it were , no meane prayse of bountye were to stoope to it ) but the honourablest & noblest . Yea such , as without discurtesy ye may not frown on . Tiberius th emperour , in shieldinge naked , miserable , & needye Chryste : in warted the whole Senate . And , when though emperor , through his whole Empire , he preuayled not to deifye him : yet in his owne oratorye , honorably enstalled his image . Though missinge the maner , not yet the substance of his fayth . And wil ye betray not naked but Noble christ , not beggered christianitye , but honourd christian Nobility ? I knowe , some meruaile why in a matter of taking , I so longe stande with the good takers of this time . And accompte it all superfluous talke , seinge Nobilitye eche where so coueit & coueited : to exhorte any to vndertake , that magnificent , & glorious title , of tutors & gardens of it ●nhose excellence so tickled that base Hero stratu : at Ephesus : that otherwise despairinge same , to ennoble him selfe , with flame he spent that Noblest Sinagoge of that world . And one day rased , what hundred yeres saw raising . Those wishe I to wite , that not Nobility generally ( for the name is indifferent to Hero stratus merite ) but christian noblesse , bequeath I our nobles . Whereof lately so reckeles their protection was , as scarce durst , eyther christian spiritualtye or comminaltie peepe . Hereof therfore misse I patrones , hereof protectours , hereof shieldes & targes be ye . pryuate prowesse mind , that enny so●reth alofte , to sowse theyr mountyng honor . That Nobilitie is wonne and kepte alyke . And theyr suspicious rysynges needs wemlesse soundnes , whyche so bothe highe and low malyce , as they not onelye coneyte to plunge to theyr former meane : but euen hopelesse of springinge , to delue in the deepe dunghill of misery . Lastlye those happy wights , whom Fortune and the vertues so vouchesaued to honour , as in theyr hertes and bodies to harber : acknowledge and reuerence so precious ornamentes . Scorne not to communicate them with the commen Societie . whych hourded roust , emparted brightest shine . In fine apply theyr whole Noblesse , not finally to any earthly court , but that heauen lye palayce which here onely by faith they seeke , by hope embrace . So doinge , as wont your honors after long and trusty tryall , to guerdon your loued Seruaunts , with farther preferments : so that Noble state , whyche vnder your honorable pryncesse here ye serue : if no other wyse , at leaste by restles intercession and entreatye , shal preferre ye to that myghtiest Monarche , and statelyest Courte . Wyth whom and where , no fla●tery gloseth no ambicion loareth , no pryde bloustereth , no wantonnes dalyeth : but in moste assured , and constant wealefulnes , abyde the vnwythered crownes , not of same but klisse , your sacred heades .

Loe vertue and Fortune littled in amitie . In first , framinge of Nobilitie . THe prouydence eterne that all doth guyde . And first found out a common welth to frame For mens behoose : foresawe how on eche syde Great mischyeties grewe , when wel to weld the s●●●● Wife chieuetaines want , whose might & counce● sa●● Should he of force , to appease the peoples rage . He had therefore dame kynd renew her would . And fash you such a wyght in after dayes As to his kyng and countrey proouen should A Noble staye . He sayd and kynd obeyes . Great strife betwixt old emnyes two then ●ell Vertue and hap : which better might aduaunce This Iinp of Ione . Which ehiefely myght excel She by desert , or fortune els by chaunce . Eche part her selfe prefers with proubest boast . And eyther seekes alone to rule the roast . Assembled all the powers here from aboue That skyes contayne , the doubtful ende to see Of this debate . great Ioue the ryght to proue , The aucthour first , hym selfe eke iudge would be . Fortune steppes forth , ne at the syght dismayeth Of such a Iudge , ne of the Noble preace : But boldly forth her golden giftes dysplayeth , Chiefe helpes in warre : and fruites of quyete peace , Health , youthly force , and ( nursse to foster both ) Kynge Ditis'stoare , the type of honours throne The peoples prayse , the Dyademe eke goeth , Next God she sayeth , by her good wyl alone . The tylman crouned kynge that plowe lace held Taketh Scepter at her hand . shee strikes the stroake That daunts the greater band ful oft in fyeld , And bowes the prowdest necke to enmyes yoake . The tyrant taken , and hys Citie rased Her feate she calls , but whom she lyst vp hold , They which in honours feate by her be placed , By long dyscent a worthy race vnfolde Of Noble-bloud : surmountynge so the best , As Venus sterre in skye dymines all the rest . And here she stayed when vertue thus replyed . These gifts ( quod she ) are suche in balance weyed , As they report that wort , and best haue tryed , That happyest him they deeme , who least hathe flaied Hym selfe theron : and blisse the golden meane , That breeds contempt of these as fansyes vayne . That meane am I , whych constant mynds do frame Vndaunted to eche chaunge that chaunce may bryng By iust desert to scale the forte of saine . In Iustice weights to payse eche worldly thinge , And eche hys owne to yeld . then to foresee By wysedoms lore , what chiefest were to choose In things of greatest weight men learne of me : And not to haue but things had wel to vse . No walles I boast to rase , but townes to saue , Whyle wars I teache to flye , or to defende The ryghtful cause . great hope perdye they haue That rightly sowe , to reape lyke fruite at ende . Great port to beare , what prayse if vertuclesse Thou lyue ? A Prynce to be , if retchelesse He raygne ? Or sword to welld if mercylesse The common soare he seeke not to redresse ? These fruites if vertue yeld , and none but she , Let vertue raygne ; and fortune subiect be . She sayd . And strayght wayes whysted all the place To heare the Iudge geue sentence on the Case . Whose sentence such ensued . Sith both agreed To further kynde in framyng such a wyght , As should his Countreies cause in tyme of neede Mayntaine , agaynst the stroake of enmyes myght : Theyr wills he praysed . But eythers force aloane , Might fayle ( quod he ) . For vertue wanting power Were soone opprest . And vertue where is none , Welth workth bale as proofe shewes life eche houre . But hap with vertues loare if lynked were , Redouble should your forte . Wherefore we wyll Your wylies to ioyne quod he , and fortune there To abyde , where wysdome fostreth vertues skyll . This is our doome ; wherto if ye assent , Let crie the peace in open parlyament . Theyr hands they geue : and wel alowe the same The heauenly preace . Him selfe I sawe to stand Dan Aeolus amyd the house of fame , Who blewe the blast with golden tromp in hand . Whose voyce was this . That in eche Noble heart Where vertue harboured were , good hap was bound ( By heauenly doome ) to aduaunce eche other part . And all the skyes reioysed at the sound . But of this amitie the perfecte ende , The league , and articles therof to know , How Fortune frames with vertue lynkd her frende , The kyngdomes guyde : this authour all doth shew , Who doth descriue , as he that wyselye can The mould that makes a worthy Noble man . V. P. See shortlye here the summe of all Whereto the Noble and base we call . ☞ Behold the touche to trye the boastinge preace That basely borne doe vaunt of Noble lyne . Behold descrybed the perfect Noblenesse When Noble Vertues in nobled race doe shyne . Here who so list , may see the rascal sorte Whom kinde brought forthe to bondage and to toyle : Sondred from such as vnto Noble port Are borne , and bred for rulers of the soyle . Here are the steps by which the base asscend To honours mount , and nobled name deserue . Here Nobles learne theyr Noblesse to defend . Here yoaked is the vnnoble wyght to serue . The Noble peere to feare as myghtier And yeld hym prayse as to hys worthyer . Wherfore all ye that from a Noble race Draw forth your lengthed lyne tyll these oure dayes : Receiue this worke , receiue with frendly face Your perfectinge and your perfections prayse . And ye that lothinge thral of elder tyme , Though Mothers wombe vnnoble brought ye forth By Vertues meane now coueyte hye to clyme : This your aduauncer worke take wel in worthe . And ye vnnoble in cradel and in tombe Herein shew forth the obsequy ye owe Vnto your Lords . Reade here theyr due renowne Whose thralls ye are , and all that reade , bestow Due thanks on hym that first wrate such a worke And hym that nold in Latin let it lurcke . A. B. Onely the Soules deuyne excellence Earneth the prayse of perfect Noblenesse . Prometheus theft cloasd in Deucaleons babe Searcheth through eche vaine to blase her glisteringe works In some it shynes . Oft clipsd wyth bodyes shade , Vnnoble in vnnoble home it lurcks . As Phebus rayes borow hewes of perted Aer : So some it shade , in some it shyneth fayer . Some quenching it with mouldy walles vnswecte Of dankyshe prysons , and dystayned homes . Some suffering not the mountinge flames to peepe In actions oute , restrayned Choake at once . Salamandras rather nursinge , them to slaye Then wyllinge they the Soules hests would obeye . These dumpish stoanes abyenge Prometheus thefte . Lye chaynd in sauage Scithia on Caucase hoare . Where gredye gripe theyr gnawen minds doth freat With tyrant talents for guilts done of yore . These neuer may to honors throne aspyre : Theyr coarse with earthe cares cloggo , nere soaringe higher . Some others , whom much lesse this masse doth lade . Theyr natures mounting higher by feruent heate : Yeld them through wyt a vent to searche the trade There to remount , whence them Prometheus fet . And whyle they rest here , maintaine them with skil : Theyr onely foode , where they obtayne theyr wyl . These howe to honor seekth the enclosed flame And through theyr actiue partes sendeth forthe such gleames As so astonne the sense of tattlyng fame That domine she fifteth them straight to honors beams Where so they shyne with streames of theyr Soules lyght As neuer glistered Phebus halfe so bryght . These rauenth no other fowle then flyttinge fame . That mounteth to skyes theyr noble deedes erst done whom while she prayeth , theyr bleedyng prayed name As growing Hidra geueth such stoare to plumme : That all the earth and hawtye heauens resound The fame they got yet grouelynge on the ground . Suche howe to be , such honour howe to gayne Our Humfrey here hys ●oyle emparieth with the. Whom yf thou lasye yet neglect the payne To Latium hence to trauayle , there to see : Embrace at home yet as he best deserueth . Whose lyuing fame shal liue whyle fame ne sterueth .

❧ D. HVMFREYES fyrste Booke of Nobilitye .

YF , howe muche trauayle and endeuour eche thing requyreth of vs , so muche we employed on them according to their worthines : both we shuld oft place our toyle on weygh tyer matters , and thynges theym selues stand in better and more happy state . For as the thynges such commonly are the men , whose happines dependeth of them . Therfore , if the best and chiefest continued theyr worthynes , necessary were it men should liue happely and heaped with all kynde of blysse . Those therfore , who excell the rest , eyther in wytte , or soundenes of iudgement , & rightly paise the waight of eche thinge : chiefely trauayle in ordering , handeling , or disposinge those thynges ( as the nature of them wyl beare ) of whyche eyther great profyte spryngeth , or more plenteous glorye ryseth . That , as to the excellencye of the thinges , the greatnes of theyr trauaile : so , to their trauaile , the encrease of theyr prosyte may aunswere . Contrary wyse , ignoraunt , and altogether vnsa●sful is he to be demed , who sweteth most in toyes : where eyther the worthe of the thing matcheth not his sweate , or the weyghte of his labour , ouer weyeth the profyte of his worke . But those that matche great trauaile with greate affayres , are worthelye praysed : who leaninge tryfles , leane and lye , with all theyr labour and diligence , on thinges excellent and singuler . For Paynters and Caruers in times paste , in drawinge or grauinge cunningly , Gods or noble men , counted it gloryous to employe al the force of theyr wyt and learnyng . And curiously to carue the counterfait of Minerua , the Image of supiter Olimpius , Hele●● , Venus , or Alexander the great , it grie●ed not the excellent & famous workmen Phidias , Xeuxes , Apelles Protogenes , to spende all the treasure of theyr trauayle . They also that professe phisicke the more daungerous and doubtefull medecines they minister , in remedyeng sharpe diseases : and , the more perillous theyr cure is : so much the more glorye , and fauoure deserue and artayne , if , what they attend diligentlye they f●nishe well & luckely . Of praise and meede farre worthier is he , who cureth a prince , a King , or Kaysar , than who heales a poore man or a hynde . Sith of him loste , the misse is not so greate : but in the hasarde or death of the other semeth in maner to consitte the peril of the whole state . The same are commonly more warye and hedefull in curyng the head than the fynger tops : the heart and stomacke then the feete . For those partes are sooner hurt and more estemed : these contrarywise lesse weyghed , and ther withal lesse subiecte to peryll . So alwayes wyse men gladlyest proue theyr force on some precious thyng : and therfore are both more hyghly praysed , & more plenteouslye guerdoned . Wherfore , syth at this day , almost euerye state , & euen the pillers of kingedomes , staye on the counsaile wil & authority of the Nobility : and hit ( wherso it come ) is al waies honoured and estemed : He then most commodiously & profitablye bestoweth his trauaile , who learneth it yet rude , healeth it helples , reformeth it disordred , and restoreth if lost . That , whereof misordred the wofull wracke of the commen welth might ensue : of it wel ordred the chiefest commodities might growe . For , they be the heades they the stomakes and hearts of common weales . So that who coueytes the safette of the other partes , must of necessity first minister to these . That they may conceyue moste deepely , sauour most suttelly , foresee most sharply , that they maye deryue and spreade as through vaynes into euerye other parte , parcel of theyr commodities .

For they , be both the eyes , and eares of prynces , to see , heare , and foresee , such thinges , as be not onely profitable to them selues , but also commodious & holesome to others . And as they be the subiectes of kinges : so be they in maner that lordes of the people . Wherfore such meane and rule is to be proposed and prescribed them , as they may learne to serue the first politikely , low ly and honourablye , to rule the other orderly , louingly , and vprightly .

Wherfore , who so enstrueteth anye one man with preceptes and institucions of learning to liue morallye , and amend his maners : he trulye is to be estemed , and deemed a worthye man . But who enformeth a whole house and family , howe it may housholdlye be guided , is farre greater . Who then , how men may politykelye gouerne theyr common wealth : he tru lye , must nedes be farre better prysed than all the rest . In like maner , who yeldes a Noble man either learnedder or better , causeth not that one or a fewe become more helthefull : but that many yea the whole commen wealth is the better , and more sound . This to do are two fortes of men requisite . Th one to poynte and foreshewe the waye : thother to folowe it foretold .

The fyrst ought to brynge diligence , the other obedyence : they , not be aggrieued to teache , the other not to disdaine to learne . For painful teachers do in one workno vnprofitable seruice both to the prynce , his subfectes , & the Nobles them selues . And the learners , this gayne , that they vauntage not all onely them selues , but learne their deuoyre bothe in humble seruyce towardes theyr Princes , and in honourable gouernemente ouer theyr people .

The fyrste forte therfore , Teaching of Nobilitye . ( fyrst to speake of them ) ought paynefullye to teache the nobles , and often and glad ly to haunt theyr housen . That learned by them , they maye learne in all thinges wel to welde theyr liues , and wisely to gouerne common charges : that theyr life incurre no infamy , but they perfourme theyr duties with the princes fauour , and the commen commodity of theyr countrey . There are in dede bookes alreadye ersant of the teaching and framing of princes , but those preceptes , though ofte they may be applyed , and are in deede common to all men : neuertheles ' , syth other is the person of a prince , other of a noble man , one , theyr estate as lordes , other as subiectes : The selfe same preceptes , as to rulers and princes can not alwayes feetly scrue them . Wherfore peculierly , preceptes both ought and may be geuen theym : and that so much the rather , as wher ther be but fewe kynges , yet great and in maner infinite is the number of Nobles .

Princes also haue small traffike with the common people , but these entermedle with them and vnder the commaundement and name of prynces , welde the common welth at their plesure . Further where kinges do fewe or no●th●nges them selues , but credite to these the rule , and ( as it were ) the raynes of the realme : it happes many times , they be not onely Princes lieuetenauntes and Agents , but some times euen the lordes , & kinges of kinges . So that , as it were with their bytte they manege & tourne them as they please . To conclude , Nobilitye is also combred with his faultes : which it be houeth it to knowe . But , knowe it shall not but it heare them . Heare them it can not but they be told . Told they be not . For wher the eares stand open to flattery , there wont the gates to be closed to aduisement and truth . And therfore commenly they se not their diseases , wherewyth they are of custome combred , and enwrapped but first they be openly printed .

So that them selues may reade , and by reading vnderstand them of wrytten bookes , which frely roame and wander eche where , and abashe not to tell the truthe . It is therfore requisite , there be some , that may enstruct & reforme them , accordinge to the principles & institutions of their auncestors .

Now ( next to speake of learners ) in vayne teach they , Nobilitie ought learne . if these eyther heare not , or necligently harken . Wherfore as it is theyr charge to teach soundly : so is it these mens , to obey theyr teaching . For , if they strayghtly requyre and of duty chalenge of theyr seruantes to do theyr commaundements , in trifeling toyes , I will not say vnlawful , sometime in deede impertinent to any part of blissful life : them selues not to obey those that teache them faithfully such things , as tend to the commodity & profite as wel of the commen as pryuate welth , & concerne the health of their soules : is the poynt of arrogant mindes , and altogether dissolute . Wherin by no meanes , this our true and perfecte noble , whom in this booke ( God helpynge ) we will frame : shall once offend . But this is chiefely to be sought , that he remember what callyng , and howe great a charge is cast and layd on him of God . For such as are noble are cleare and bryghte , on whom all mens eyes and countenaunces gase . And therfore so they walke in the eies and sight of al men , so are they viewed and pried at by euery one that no fact , no dede of theyrs may be darke because of theyr Nobilitye .

Where others of the commen sorte , styll lurke in darkenes , nor almost see anye , nor are seene of others .

A mole in the face stares , and is apparent to all men . In thother partes to haue a marke or mayme , not so vnseemely . For it is not so fightlye , but farther remoued from the eies . Faultes therefore in a noble man , famous through the commendacion of his stock and linage , are farre more haynous then in other of the meaner sorte . As well , because they are more seene and marked of all men : as also , for that euery man the nobler he is , the lesse ought to be blemished with vices , and more embelyshed with vertues . Dron kennes , what fober man denyes to be a grosse and filthy fault enough in all men ? But a poore knaue or a beggar to se dronke , is neyther new nor rare . So much the person altereth the crime Why so ? For , if a noble man sinne , he offends hurtfully to the destruction of many , and hales with him many mates both of his cryme and payne .

Small doubt it is , but there were ( yea often ) amonges the Romaynes many cupshotten , yea and sometimes plaine dronken . Yet reade we , dronkennes was onely vpbrayded to Cato , and that for onelye one scape . Yet onelye this his facte , is bewrayed to posterity , & communicated with al men . wher euen the double dronkennes of the other sorte , is many times healed with silence , and buryed with euerlastinge forgetfulnes . For , some thinges men weene lawfull for the commen sorte , whych litle beseeme a Noble . It is permitted them sometimes to toye , to tryfle , to dalye , childishelye to obserue wakes and typple : when most expedient were a Prince or Noble man shuld be watchefull and sober . The presydent most worthy memory of the Theban Captayne Eoamimendas , I can in no wyse ouerpasse : worthy of all Nobles that will steare in the common welth and trauayle in publike affayres and seruice , to be worne in common talke & imitated in theyr liues . Who while the Citesens of Thebes , gaue theym selues to feasting , banketting , and excessiue cheare : was espyed by certayne his familiers , walkinge sole-sadde , and mourning , to trudge hastelye to arme him , & thence to hie towards the city walles . Which hereto he sayd he did the the rest might safelier be dronken . For otherwise , if the captaines , yf the princes , yf the magistrates , in commen bankettes should licenciously partake with the rest , that Citye would soone berome ( as the same Epamirumdas other where sayd ) , a flat and playne yarde , and in maner a stage open to the reades and inuasion of all men . Others , eke are lycensed by commen consente to sleape . But we read in Scipio slepe was erst muche noted : where otherwise he was both a moste watchefull and valiaunt Captayne . And therfore Cato the elder sayeth , that ofte by night he rose , and neglecting the care of housholde , cared for the state of the common wealth : thinkinge belike , it behoued him to wake while others flept . But hereof what doubt we ? sith Iupiter in the seconde of Homeres Ilyades signifyed the same to Agamemnon , when be sent him the God Slepe with this embassy .

Great shame it is al night a Prince to slepe , Who should his realme & countrey care to kepe .

Men also commenlye , in all other thinges , in all estates , but chiefelye in the worthyest , awayte not so much what to prayse as carpe , nor what is wel done as what yll . For seing them bett in golde and siluer , their gorgeous garmentes , golden fingers , and al about them semely & wel besene : they wene theyr inward minde should aunswere theyr outward glistering : that they should surmount the rest in store of wisedome , quicknes of inuention , weyght of counsell , and sincerenes of lyfe . That from so fayre and comelye countenaunce , shoulde procede wyse talke , and spiced with learning . But if contrary wise , it happen that some one richely cladde , talke either filthilye or foolishlye : they crie forthwith with Diogenes . A leaden blade out of an yuery scabard . And ( as graueli and farre aboue the reache of a Philosopher preacheth Salomon ) a golden ring in the noset brilles of a Swyne .

Then commonly they whisper , and priuely mutter , that in that gorgeous cladde body indweith a bare and naked soule . Wherfore the auctority of the personage he beareth , & the greatnes of the burthen which he weldeth , ought to prouoke a noble and lofty sto make , to heare and lysten those thinges , whereby he maye worthelye and honourablye mayntayne his countenaunce , and support his charge .

Which sith it is so , to ende at last this tedyous talke , I determine it the dutye of teachers painefully to enstruct , and of Nobles lowely to learne .

But what may we deeme the cause whye neyther the one nor the other aunswere theyr charge ? For very few se we , that willinglye geue theim selues to this trauayle of teachinge : but as fewe knowe we , that taught , will vnderstand or amend . For , wereit otherwise , we shuld haue greater store of true Nobles : that is , good , godlye , wyse , and learned . Truly , as sarre as I can reache , two stayes chiefelye let , that men in these dayes neither write nor speake frely of the state of Nobilitye . First , for they vnderstand the vndertaking and compassing of so great a charge , to be farsd full of hardenes and peryll . For hard semeth it to him , whose stile is base thinne , and leane , to wryte ought of the Nobility , of the most honourable estate , of the flower of the common wealth . For it behoueth him , who speaketh of the highenes of that degree , and of suche men , to vse a stately , high , and loftye style : least the barennes and leanenesse of his talke , rather dishonour the maiestye of so honourable personages , then aduaunce or honour them . Further , this cause requireth such one , as hath long trauayled therin , and long bene conuersannt with suche sorte of men , who hath groaped theyr mindes and meaninges , and nearely viewed theyr maners and vsages . Next , peryllous and scarcely safe thinke they it , chiefelye in these enuious and suspicious dayes , euen to whisper ought eyther of them or other : whom vnlesse ye clawe they will kicke . And not , sceld bath he yll spedde , who writeth agaynst him , that may write his death . For there is almost none , no not of the commen sorte , who wonderful lye pryseth not him selfe . And , for the most parte , the more honourable we be , the lesse we list be admonished or reproued . For willingly wonres euery man to heare his owne prayses or vertues , and gladly beholdes the Table of his shape and seemelines : but his faultes , his spottes , his deformity hardly abydes represented to his eyes . And ( for all blame beares with it a stinge ) nor suffereth , nor licenseth others to control him . Whence it appeareth , that secretely men confesse this matter most profitable and necessary to be treated of , but for the frowardenes of the times had rather whist for dread of daunger . Howebeit that to dreade no cause , so they teache profitablye and gentlye . The profite pertaines to the taught And every man not altogether foolish abideth , yea coueteth , to heare the thinges that tend to his profyte and commodity .

Our Noble man therfore , will beare with him who holesomely counsayles him , Counsaylors must be heard . and abide it so the nede requyre ) to be euen chidde for his desert . Therfore , this I wishe and warne them , in this entry to my trauayle , frendlye to accepte aduisemente : that what good men tel them frely , not sharpely : that they take paciently not disdainefully . For , better is it dayntye eares be displeased , then the whole body whyrled into hell . Better to be whipped with the tongue of man , than the rodde of God . To be smitten with a word , than ascurge : to be scorcht with the smart of reproofe , than euerlastinge fire .

Such therfore must they banish from them , as wonte to tickle their eares , and feede their humours . Such must they entertayne and embrace , as correct and chaste them . And loue rather the stripes of a frendely blamer , than the kisses of a training flatterer . Choling here rather to learn to iudge and condemne them selues , than els wher to he are their deadly doome pronounced , by him who is altogether vnparciall : who neither acknoweledgeth nor respecteth anye personnes .

With whom neither welth ne honour ne maiestye maye preuaile , at whose barre kinted shall not pleade : Naye , where rather these goodes by missuse shall become euelles vnto you , and purchase ye the anger of the hyghest iudge , heapyng on you the seuerity of iudgement and rigour of punishment Nowe therfore , while time is , suffer your selues to be reproued . And , syth it is so profitable for you , let youre eares ware deafe at the hearinge of smart speache , rebukes , and checkes , with Socrates , Cato , Phocion , or rather with Christ 〈◊〉 selfe , the noblest prince And if Nobilitye gyue ye greater stomake , con●ider this quietly & aduisedly with your selues . Yf ye are so muche pinched by theyr wordes , they are much more prouoked thereto by your odious dedes . Remember it is of it selfe hard to be thral . Harder to a rude and vnlearned lord . Hardest & wretchedst , for a free & learned man , to obey an ignoraunt & slaue of sinne . Vnseemely is it a noughty & vicious person should rule . Farre more vnseemely he should rule his betters . But most vnseemely and vnfitting of all , that a proud person , & impacient of reproofe should go uerne . Who after manye vilanous fleshly , shameful , & cruel crimes committed , wil neither acknowledge the fault , nor once liften his blame , but rather cruelly rage against the teller . For let me I besech you , for examples sake imagine so muche . We must therfore hear the sage counsaylour Paule , sayeng . Yf any brother be possessed with sinne , or erroure , let him be reproued with the spirite of lenitie . Wherin he rightly connsaileth either parte , both the reproued & the reprouer . For him he wisheth reproued & chastened . Of thother he requires a meeke & gentle spirite . That not onelye he perswade what profitable is : but also couple with his teachinge moderacion and lenity . That he accuse none of wantonnesse , but reproue of duty & trust . That he chide not causeles , but disproue by reason , and that quietly , not angerly , or on Choler .

But to speake of my selfe , not I professe the performaunce hereof , linked with so great difficulty and peril : but finde my selfe enforced to faint vnder so heauy & massy burthen . For truly , the weakenes of my power , forceth me to confesse my selfe vnable , to compasse or atchieue so weighty charge . But this comforte , and refuge middes my distresse I haue , that the toyle which with the might of my witte and eloquence I can not crushe , I will endeuour with trauaile and deuoire if not to conquere , at the least to supple .

And , when for want of might I may no farther wade , I will yoake to my aide and strenthning , diligence . But peril herein can be none , as wel shall the sincere iustice and equitye of suche as peruse my writinges iudge . For , so will I handle & vse the whole matter , as mindinge not to cut or launce any , but to hea●e and helpe all . Meaning rather to teache and perswade , than nippe or reproue . That the Nobility by reading hereof , may become better not sharper . For , neyther will I so much as name any man , but honourably And ouerpauing the person note onely the fault , which of necessitie I must . Wherein yet so wil I bridle my talke , as buildinge on others iudgementes , not only bolstering my owne opinion : and so fortifye what I speake , with borowed reasons from all the memorye of antiquitye , as if not alwayes the fairest , at least the truest , I wil vtter : according to reason , not affection . For hereto tendes al our talke in these bookes , that the auncient Nobilitye , shaped by the monumentes of auncient writers , and drawen from the paterne of Kinges , Princes , and other auncient nobles , maye be raysed as a mirrour in a hyghe and playne mount , to shine and glyster to the mon of our dayes , That leauynge their newe & noughty way , they may be reuoked to the auncient discipline , and true prayse of theyr auncestours : Which my purpose , I hope none will condemne . Neyther truly make I with them , who tore & bleate against the maners of Nobility . Who perhaps , wer they not altogether wants h●mewardes , Linces outwardes , might se theyr owne faultes , though lesse harmeful , no lesse haynous . Whiche parte do of hate & enuy . For theym selues placed in the basest degree , can not beare so bright a light . As erst the Owle accused the Sun , not for the sunnes fault perdy , but the weakenes of her night eye impacient of his light . Of true Nobilitye , somewhat wrate Lucas Gauricus . truly in dede , but somwhat to bitterly licenciously , and roughly . More ciuily and modestly , entreated of ciuile Nobility , Hicronimus Osorius : an eloquent writer & a good . Of courting Augustinus Niphus , wrate a booke . Wherin he trauailed rather to proue him selfe a philosopher , than a Courtier . And litle to this purpose , wherof we entreat : al though perhaps to that he ment fytly enough . But Gauricus , in this sorte , sharply & bitterly inuadeth Nobility . Many of them ( ꝙ he ) most slouthful , ignoraunt , & desperate persones haue I sene , & euen heard , & dayly heare : not ashamed to mocke manye vertuous & good men , especially the poore . Who falsely & wrongfully chalenge to them selues the name of Nobility . Nay , rather , walowing in weith , proud , boasters , stubborne , froward , flatterers o● them selues , with proude lookes , and scorneful tauntes , in the open stretes , & por●hes , yea euery where , in the churches , & common assemblies of the city , mock & fingerpoint euery vertuous & learned man . Vaunting the selues the only true nobles & gentlemen . Whereas they be altogether ignoraunt , & vnskilfull , viler , then Herdes , mulettours , butchers , smithes , or huxters . Two leggd asses , & euen vnproperly termed men : and so forwardes . For he is like him selfe in all the rest , seeming to offend no lesse licenciously in his talke , than they in their liues . But of me the true Nobility shal perceiue it selfe touched not so much as with a taunt or bitter word , thrugh al my talke : But rather honoured , so thei wil rightly weigh it He bites not the cou●salies . Nor hates but loues , who toileth & trauaileth for the true honour of Nobility : who teacheth and sheweth how gotten it may be preserued , howe lost , recouered .

For , that the auncient Image of Nobilitye is for the greatest parte rased , and cancelled in most : manye & those no light reasons perswade me . Which so much the more I feare , as I loue it more entierly . For I haue bene euer louinglye aff●ction●d to Nobilitye , and as I oughte , so I wonte to reuerence it . As a thinge of nature excellent , through fortune honourable , to it selfe glorious , to others neither seld nor smally profitable . Wherfore , as other beautifull and honest ornamentes drawe and allure vs to them , and enforce vs to loue them in whom they harbour : so oughte euen the enemyes therof to loue and honour this excellent state of Nobilitye . But this my loue wanteth not his feare . And much I dread , least in these wretched and in fortunate times , wherin the best wont soonest to rotte , emonges the rest this precious Jewell haue losse her former pryce . For so we se it ( I wot not how ) prouided , that whatsoeuer accident in mans life excelleth , the same both oftener , easier , and filthier is staynd , than the baser or meaner . For what heauenly arte , was not in these later dayes miserably corrupted and deformed ? Euen Diuinitie the arte of all artes , and knowledge of al knowledges , yea , the Quene and Empresse of the rest , was she not maimed , in these former yeares ? Was not then the auncient sinceritye of reuerend religion , counterfayted and corrupted ? But though the whole world hath more & more swarned out of kinde , eche estate and callinge degenerated : yet wot I not , if more then all the rest this heauenly nobility . which as it is brighter and nobler than the other , so through this contagion and infection of times seemes farther and deeper to haue slidden , from the auncient glorye of her dignitye .

For so much greater men account eche sinne As he is nobler that offendes therein .

Wherfore Noble men must so muche the more care and endeuour with all speede to returne to them selues : busily to enter into the searche of them selues : and spedely to know , them selues their charge , and knowen diligentlye accomplishe . That so they may again recouer their estimacion or whollye lorne , or much diminished . To thys ende , decreed I in this booke to bryng some helpes to the better institucion of it God graunt it attaine the fine I propose . That yet at the last , the ancient & reuerend Nobilitye maye retourne , which with the glory of their wit and learning , and the fame of their dedes may darken & shade the praise of their auncestours : and purge the vniust spot and staine from their honorable name Here present I them , a mirrour of either Nobility , the true & false . Wherin they may clearely see them selues . And what Socrates , or Byas said of beauty , that I in my opinion may not vnfeetly saye of Nobilitye . For be they noble men in dede , & honourably bear them selues , & aunswere their calling & the fame of theyr auncestours : here haue they in this mirrour their praise bewrayed , that in this I mage acknowledging their vertues , they may inwardly reioyce : and the same maintayne with well doinge euer . But , be they deformed , vnkindly , and base , here may they discerne theyr fault , acknowledge it and amend it .

But sith we promise to entreate of true Nobility , Diuision . gladly would I first of of al perfourme it . But it is requisite to fore , to cleare a fewe doubtes , for clearer plainenesse , and more euident proofe , which els would continuallye darken and clipse the whole matter . For there be neither fewe , nor those altogether euel , that thinke this Nobilitye ought be banished , & not borne in the commen wealth . And seynge some nobles infect them selues & the state , with ydlenes , pleasure , slouth , licencious liuing & euel example , and disdainfully , proudly , & arrogantly despise their inferiours : think thei ought haue no place in a right and christian common wealth . First , therfore must we endeuour to discusse , whether they ought to be in free cityes and peoples Next , for Nobilitye is not sufficiently knowen to al men , nor vnderstode whence it rose , ho wt it growe to thys stoare and estimation , we must see what it is that commonlye is termed Nobilitye . Lastly v●il I come to the poynt of the whole matter , and descriue the Image of true Nobility : shewing what maner thing it ought to be .

It likes me therfore , The first C●uestion . vnder Christes conducte , to beginne of that , whyche both wontes , and oughte firste to be questioned . Whether Nobles oughte to be borne in a wel ordred , and Christian like gouerned state . For I heare it at this present muche doubted , and cald in question of many . And truly , all in vayne should I weare my while in framinge Nobilitye , if ( as some thinke ) it ought not be suffered . For some impugne it with wordes , some with weapons . Either parte thinkes it ought he abolished . With wordes fighte not onelye the Anabaptystes and Lybertines : but euen some learned hold opinion : that they deserue as vnprofitable members to be cutte of . With weapons both ofte and sharpely haue the commens inuaded them . Neither presently obey them but so farre forth as forced with feare . Whom in deede they feare , not loue . Nay , certaynelye they hate . And when occasion serueth shewe their good will , by their force and violence . Wherfore , though for a while they cloake and dissemble it , as oppressed with force , yet fearet libertye peepeth vp at length and breaketh violently forth with commen wracke It is worth the trauayle therfore , to appease these factions , and spedely to preuent this ranckled priuye grudge , least they harme both theym selues & others . Truly , for mine owne parte , to speake indifferentlye , I agree to neither . But the iudgement of th one , I thinke neyther sound nor sober , but violent and cruell . And the commotions and tumultes of the other , them count I most pernicious and abhominable .

For first , Agaynst the enemyes of Nobility to deale with reason with those , that fight with wordes , no soud reason see I moue theym , to thinke it commodious for the commen wealth to roote oute Noble men . For the Anabaptistes I ouerpasse , whose errour is already sufficientlye condemned by al mens tongues & pennes . Thother that wil seme more indifferent , while they seke ( what in them lies ) to ouerthrowe the ciuile difference & publike order geuen and established by almigh ty god , while they weaken the fonndacion of commen weales : se not , the almost vnwitting , they slide into Anabaptistry Who to seuerall degrees leaue not their estates & roomes : as though ther ought be no superiour : as al men shuld in city and realme haue equall ryght : As there ne were some regymente by one only . Some by fewe nobles , some of the people , & some of the best . Which distinction almighty god who first gaue , & partly placed in the Jewes common welthe , partly permitted in others : with his second law and new league repealed not . Therfore , these wel setled who so remoueth , conueigheth in disorder , confusion , sedicion , and discord . In Christ Jesus I denye not , al are of equal right . In whom , is neyther bonde nor free , male nor female , Greke , Iewe , nor Barbarian . For with him is no accompt of persons . But foolishly reasoneth he who herby weneth to confound the certain & seueral estates to roote vp the limits & boimdes of nature , kind , nacion , kinne or stock . And sith by the lawes of god & man , by the law of nations & nature , ther is lordship , and seruitude , parentes power , houshold pollecy , mariage & discretion of nacions , & people : albeit ther be but one like bond of al in christ , smal dout is it , but both there is , & ought to be difference of degrees . Some being no bles in the higher roome , other meaner in the lower place . And this allowed diuision to seke to disproue , is meere madnes . But , where they thynke it smal commodity to the commen welth , to haue Nobles , as they wert burthens of the earth , combrous to al men , commodious to none : to affirme indifferently of al , that truly & aptly may be applied to fewe : is the part of men neyther discretely iudging , nor wisely weying what they talke . Howe muche more rightly & discreetely Cicero , though prouoked of the nobles , & therfore more partial , in his oracion for Sestius , thus fayth Al we good men euer fauour nobility , Both , for it is profitable , for that whole state , that they endeuour to carne the fame of theyr auncestours : and also , for the aged memorye of theyr welde , seruing sires of the commen wealth , ( though dead ) ought muche to auayle with vs . wherfore , if any care or loue of cur owne commodity pricke vs , they oughte to be deare to vs , and beloued of vs , sith they profite vs . Of we will seeme curteous and mindeful of receyued benefites , which theyr auncestors most plentifully powred on vs , on the common wealth : then ought we truly to fauour them , wishe , speake , and say wel of them , for their forefathers haue pleasured vs . Of euer they may hurte vs with theyr power , they may in like maner pleasure vs . Of they maye oppresse vs , they maye also succoure vs . Of iniurye vs , they maye eke defende vs . Of hurte vs , they maye also heale vs . As power linked with malice , weyghes to th one parte : So , if happely it light on a good plant it helpes : and wonteth not to endamage , but succoure . For as the Bee with hys sting , both hurtes and helpes to the working of hony : so the mightye and rule bearers , hord in theyr power not only hurt but helpe . And presently who swarme in princes courtes but Noble men ? Who their counsaylours but they ? Who welld the chiefest dignities , Who are present ? who presidents as wel in priuate as publike affaires , but the highest and noblest ? Who leadeth in the parliament , ouerweyeth in the lawe , sweyeth both farre and nere ? Euen princes and nobles . Who bids , forbids , doeth , vndoeth , twineth vntwineth , al thinges ? Who maketh and vnmaketh lawes ? Who weldeth the commen wealth in peace , or wageth warre againste the enemye , but great and Noble men ? Neyther anye meruaile is it , the rule of all is credyted him , who both through his owne prowesse , and the long continued commendacion of his auncestours , hath earned the report and estimation of al men . For , as it is in the bookes of the kinges , out frome the wicked issueth iniquitie : and of a shrimpe sprynges not a rose , or marigold , or of a bond woman a freesonne borne : as sayeth the holye poete Theognis , so contrarywyse of the good ofte are bred good .

Nor bardy Egle ders the fearefull Dooue .

As witnesseth Horace . But commonly the childe erpresseth his sire , and posse city ( if not chasigeling ) couets to tread the steps of their auncestonrs . But here againste obiecte they a rable of theyr vices . Theyr insatiable couetise theyr incredible pride , theyr tickle credite , theyr intollerable lust . Whereto I aunswere , these inconueniences , rest not in the thing it selfe , or nature of Nobilitye : but in the faultes and maners of some , not all : whome eyther the prosperity of Fortune dasles , or ryott and pleasures effeminate , or lycence and liberty marre , or yll presidentes spyll , or plentye and aboundaunce of wealth ouerbeareth , or troupes of flatterers tickle . Whyche easely maye ouertourne the hautiest , and stoutest stomake , from constancy of minde , and tryppe him middes hys race , to prayse . Yet emonges theym are some , who sayling by these Syrens suffer not theym selues to be wryed from the ryght . Contrary wise , there be eke of the commen sorte , that partake with them in these crimes .

Who though poore , yet burne in couetise , and middes theyr beggerye , ( which is most vnseemelye ) looke loftely : and in theyr slauery become cruell , and mids the want of all thinges leacherous . Wherefore lesse maruay'e ought it seeme , in theym , syth they haue the baytes and entisementes to vice , which thother wante .

Whereby it appeareth , that vicious demeanour groweth not in Nobilitye , but cleaueth thereto : was not borne in it , but added to it , not peculyer to it , but commen wyth others . But this is not here to be reasoned , whether they be naturally growinge in it , or forenly cleauyng to it .

But lamentablye it is to be sorowed , that in those they are , from whom they oughte farthest be .

And so much the rather must we trauayle & endeuour , not to extinguishe Nobility , but to clense it : aut to prouide it be better enfourmed . and so enformed , as it maye be reformed , and so refourmed as it nede not be rased . Other theyr light and trifelinge reasons , I nede not here to mencion .

Which they account strongest garrisons . Which I dense not to be trulye spoken of the holy ghost , but of theym to be aptly applyed : that flatly I nay . Impossible is it ( saye they ) ryche men shoulde enter into the kingedome of heauen . I heare it , and graunt it . But he sayeth ryche , not Noble men . But who be ryche , Marke the best interpretour of Mathewe , expoundeth . Those namelye , that place all theyr hope of safetye , in theyr wealth and ryches .

Who repose them selues on their substaunce , as the god of this world .

Trifelinge also , is that they vouche out of Paule , to the Corinthians . That , not many mightye not manye Noble were calld . For , albeit the yonge man in the Gospel folowed not Christes calling : yet Zacheus called came . Paule , the lieuetenaunt , and Dionisius Areopagita , th emperours courtyers beleued Paule . And th●●●h he saued Lazarus the pore he saued him yet in the bosome of Abraham , the ryche . For God would al men were saued , and calleth all to the knowledge of his truthe . Namelye of euery nation , as Iewes , Gentiles : of euery estate and condicion , as Kinges , Nobles , welthy , poore : of eyther kynde , as males , and females . Happie in dede he pronounceth the poore , but in spirite . And , both maye a Noble man be poore & lowe of minde , and a poore man of degree higher minded than anye Noble man . For there be euen proude ragges , and boasting beggery Diogenes sayd , he spurned the ease and pryde of Plato . But with other pryde , as elegantly replyed Plato . Wherfore thus we conclude , that Noble men ought be beloued for theyr own sakes for theyr elders merites of the commen wealth . That many of them are good bountifull , and profitable , that they haue passage with others into the kingdome of heauen , that they are called of God , to be short , that many Nobles are poore and humble hearted , and therfore ought not all be e●●●led and banished realmes , or abolished : but chastened , taught , and corrected , yf otherwyse they demeane them selues .

With the people , whom ranckled grudge , Agaynst the commocion of the Commens . and long , yea to longe lengthened hatred , hath armed agaynste the Nobilitye , we haue somewhat more to do . Although amonges those also be manye graue , quyete and peaceable men , who soyntly with vs sorowe and syghe , to see so greate dyscorde in one ciuile bodye . Wherein , all the members linked , the hyghest with the lowest , the lowest with the highest , and coupled with the louelye knotte of Frendeshippe and charitie , mought yelde most plenteous profyte both priuately to euerye one , and vniuersally to all . Whiche separated , seuered and sondred by dissencion , vnioynt the state , and rende it in wretched sorte . It happeneth neuertheles , ( I wot not by what fate , or compuision of what furies ) it happeneth , I saye , that twixte the lordes and commens is but simple concord .

So that , thoughe for a while they liue together , linked with league of amitye , yet time not longe after bewrayeth priuye grudge , and vttereth what hate , what malyce , lurkes within .

As betwixt the byrdes called Acgathili and Acanthilides , wryters reporte so great hate : that theyr bloude , though violentlye mingled , yet forthewyth seuers it selfe , and skippeth a sunder . So ofte it happeneth , eyther for the cruell destenyes enuye vs peace and quietnes , Or , that so our God list to plague mortalles , or that Noble men most mightelye worke iniurye , or the commen sorte moste frowardlye perfourme theyr dutyes , or for all theyr wylles so conspyre : the fates of hate : God of Justice , the Nobles of pride , the others of murmure and enuye .

The matter is euident . This preache the vproares of Israell agaynste Moses , the rebellion of the Romayne commens in the hyl A●entine , the ciuile warre of Silla , and Marius , the commotion of the hindes in Germany , and Switzerland , the sundrye tumultes and conspiracyes of England , and in forrein realmes many other , and those most bloudy battels . What nede many wordes ? Sith euen the dedes them selues in number such so massy , so many sedicions , vproares conspiracies , witnesse to true what I say . Smal doubt is therfore , but it is so . That henceforth it be not so we must prouide . Wherto much materiall is the trauatle of the guides , and teachers of the people . Whose dutye and parte it is , so to temper both their tounge and stile : as by their bookes and sermons , they be not enflamed to warre , but perswaded to moderance , pacience , peasablenes , and lenity . that so eyther part be clawed and smothed as weapons maye be layed not taken : theyr furies quenched not kindled .

Of the duties of Nobility , when talke of that order so requireth , I wil speak hereafter . Now must I commen with the commens , & those that weene that degree ought be extinct , and Nobility wasted with might and maine . But , al to sharpe a medecine is warre . And farre feeter for bruite beastes than men . Though in these desperate and bloudy daies to slaye and be slayne , is accounted but a feat of Mart. Where what a man is , what humanity , is altogether vnknowen . Whereof I saye litle . It is to copious a theame . wherto is farre easier to finde entrye than ende . Onely thus much I saye . It is a sharpe and sower playster , that so salueth the sore , as it maimeth one halfe and murthereth the bodye of the commen wealth . How much better were it to imitate Surgeons , than tormen tours ? The surgian heales the sore , the tormentour quelles the man .

And neither doth he cut or seare hym when he may cure him with potions , with oyntments , or with gentle platsters . It is no medecine , that in healynge the sore parte of the commen weale harmeth the whole and sound . Naye , it is a butcherye , and beastlye crueltye . They rather heale it , who prouide that by good order and lawefull meanes , the yll be punished .

Or ( if neede so require , yf at home emonges theym selues bate can not be quayled and quieted ) procure those to whose power it appertayneth , to execute the authoures of sedicion , not rage on the whole order : But mowe of yll heades , as infections and plagues of commen weales . They must euer thynke , warre booteth neyther parte , that it is vnfeete for men , much lesse to be tendered to our owne countreymen , scarse to our enemies .

Ought ye not rather in this case , to debate these Questions with youre selues ? Ought ye not thus to reason ? what ye entende ? whereto ? Gaynste whome ? wherefore ? who ye are that mynde it ? Whiche let vs a while seuerallie consider . What wage ye ?

Warre . Whereto ? For proposing euel ende , ye must knowe , the wicked pretence proues worst to the worker : and what ye come for others shall lyghte on youre owne heade . This hyghe estate , truly is maruaflous brickle .

For , it is in maner planted and mounted on heyghthe , open to the blastes of all enuies flawes . Wherfore , yf for ye enuie the honoure and dignitie of Nobilitie , and coueit your selfe to clime and scale their roomes ye attempte this bloudye meane : and more respecte your priuate glorft , than the manifeste hasarde of the common wealth : and so cruel and bloudy murther theym in field : this bee ye moste assured : who liueth not contente with his owne estate shall rue to worse . Who climes the hyghest shall sinke lowest . Wyth what measure ye meate to other , with the same ye shall be repayed .

But if to good purpose in claymynge and demaunding right ye wage warre if in fighte ye demeane your selues , moderate & mercifull : yet , if you who in hope of victory first toke the fyelde , be conquered ( as commenlye it happeneth ) in how wretched state your goodes , hope , fortune , libertye , and lyfe consiste , is none so ignoraunte who knoweth not , so blinde who seeth not But admitte ye conquere , yet is not your conquest so gaynefull as harmerul , in bearinge armes agaynst those whom ye ought haue shielded . For , with whom warre ye ? whom wythstand ye ? Whom assault ye ? Whose bloude and life pursue ye ? ye murther perdy a noble man . Whyche when I saye , much more say I then a priuate or loane person . Of god he hath what so he hath . For all power , rule , dignitye , paternity , Nobility , Nouity , auncientye , descondeth from that authour and geuer of all heauenly and earthly giftes . But whom prouoke ye ? whom inuade ye ? perdy either your naturall countreymen , or your liege lorde , or some ciuile magistrate . To slaye your owne countreiman nature and reason gayne say . Sith , for ye are in one commen wealth as one barke : togither of necessity ye must either suffer wracke or escape . To laye handes on your liege lord , to whom ye owe all honour and reuerence : the ciuile lawes beare not . To violate the magistrate , all lawes both of God and man forbid . Whom then prouoke ye ? whom assault ye ? perhaps good men . For emonges them are of the best . But good men euerye man not altogether yll , will loue & reuerence . But be they euel ? Patience is the armour and conquest of the godly This meriteth mercy when any cause les suffereth sorowe .

But let vs also consider the cause that enflameth the commens against the Nobility . For if in a wrongefull quarel they runne to weapon , it is not onely iniurious but wicked . Admytte the cause be iust . Yet nedeth the people naturally to rashe , rather a curbe to rayne and bridle theyr stomake , them a spurre to prouoke it . For , euen iuste causes haue their courtes . And ought rather be decided and determined by the doomes of graue and sober , than the blades of madde and furyous men . For noughte els is warre , than meere fury and madnes , wherein not aduice , but rashenes , not righte but rage ruleth , and rayneth . We must therfore trye all meanes , ere we flye to force . We must fight with reasons not weapons . We must runne to the counsaylours . But in common courtes ( say they ) is no place for the poore . Then must we appeale to other iudges , to higher offices . But here also hard it were the better monyed should spede worse in iudgement . Then must we flie to princes : whose charge it is to ende controuersies , and to heare and determine ehe causes of the poore But here likewise , for the entryes to princes are narowe , for theyr officers wonte to be corrupted with brybes , nor poore Roscius may haue passage to Silla for Chrisogonus : ( saye they ) not according to iustice & truth , is the cause balanced . Whether then shall the poore afflicted miser turne or winde him selfe ? By prayer let him appeale to god . whose eares open not to plaint , to fauour , to affection . whose court is holy and iudgement ryght .

Wherto nor couetise scales , nor enuy hath made breache . To him must he present his wofull supplication : hym must he beseeche & entreate . He is the stout auengeour of the poore . He will maintayne their cause agaynste the highest & noblest . Al means must they rather seke , than fight . For though the Nobles ouercharge them with iniuries , crushe them with laboures burthens and perilles : he yet that discharged the Israelites of the yoake and bondage of Pharao , of the clay and bricke workes : he , euen he , with the same hyghe and mightye arme , with the selfe same auenging and assisting hand , which is not now abridged , shal deliuer the wretched and afflicted people groaninge & sighing to him . Whereto he nedeth not any fleshely or mans arme . Forasmuch as he is the lord of Hostes , and puissaunt of power .

But nowe to the last part , who art thou that encounterest Nobility ? The naked people of number huge , of power none , pollicy lesse , who mids thy warfare , neglectest thy home & countrey thrift . Wher while thus ye striue thy foe with power and pollicy , thou with noyse and number , ye minyster cause and courage to the forreine foe as Aesopes kite , to rauen and rent eyther warriour : both frogge & mouse . Whereby , euen the meanlye witted vnderstand , howe manye mischieues , howe sundry slaughters , how infinite heapes of calamities ensue this glorious and gaye conquest . But ●ho warreth ? The people which is ( as sayeth Horace ) , a monstruous many headed beast . As I thinke , a rashe multitude , raging enough voluntarily , yea vnteased . Whose warres , and causes of warre are , and euer ought be suspicious . To whom in no wise , ought the gouernance of so weighty charge be credited without a guide , without a prince . But let vs nearer viewe who warres . A priuate person , to whom belongeth , nor iudgement nor vengeaunce . He beares armoure and weapon , wherewith who smiteth , perisheth by the deuine doome . He warreth who beareth no publike person , who is not enspired with the spirite of God . Wherfore neither can I allowe the attempt or enterpryse of the clustered commens : nor fauour the successe though fortunate and flattering . For the attempt procedeth from the euell spirite and furious Atc : and the successe though in semblant happy , plongeth yet many , as well conquered , as conquerours , into infinite calamities ruineth as wel the priuate as publike weale . I knowe some both of oure time and also of the aunciente Ethnike sages , are of opinion , a tyranne maye iustly be slayne , and taken from amids the quick . But me otherwise to think diuers and sundrye weightye reasons moue . Which for this present I ouerpasse . For we entreat not nowe of ciuile obedience to magistrates , nor of rebellion agaynst the prince or countrey . Onelye we enquire , what we oughte determine of their opinion , which thinke Novility oughte be rooted from all ciuile societye , and from emonges men . But this suffiseth to that wherof we entreat , to know , the no priuate man ought lay violent hâdes on a noble man , sith it is not lawful to mucther a tyranne , a commen & open enemy , a tearer & tormenter of his owne subiectes . For if we but slightly ouerrun the monuments of antiquity , it wil ealely appeare , that euermore ( excepting fewe ) their endes were vnfortunate , who , not armed wyth commen authoritye , but enflamed with a maner zeale of defence of their countrey , attempted the ouerthrow of tiranny . I speak of priuate men & fewe . Not of the vniuersal consent of all degrees , neither of the most & best . To whom it belongeth to minister iustice , to bridle tirannie , to maintaine the lawes . Sicilye was euer counted the hold & arche citye of tirants . An Iland tossed with many & sondry motions . Hit wheras many , vnder shew of vertue & piety to their countrey sought to restore to livertye , they were not onely frustrate of theyr ende but , both doubled the tirants cruelty , & purchased them selues vntimely ende . Emonges whom I may recken those excellent wights , farre drowning al the rest : Diuine Plato and Dyon . Of whom the first , sailing thither to chalenge it from the seruitude wherto it long laye thrall : nor atchyeued his purpose , nor escaped him selfe . Thother for he conspired the death of that Tyranne , or rather Arche tyranne Dionisius : was endited and condemned of treason .

What should I mencion Apollontus Tyancus emprisoned by Domitian th emperour , for conspiring against him with Nero ? What should I vouch the murtherers of Cesar ? Who though they accomplished their purpose , yet in the compasse of one yeare , all died ? What should I mencion Zeno Elcates , the conspirer of Nearchus death ? Who tormented with manye deathes , was at laste enforced ( to vtter som partners of his ●ōspiracy ) guililes to appeach the tirants nerest frends : so to procure their deaths These are forren & heathen presedents . For religious paternes , and of oure priuate practise , wherwith we abound I passe by . Vnpunished shal they then wage warre agaynste theym , who in peace are ornamentes , in warre bulwarkes ? Who at home with connsell abrode ayde with armes ? For such is , and ought to be , this wel ordered Nobilitye , whiche we maintayne . For droanes we prise not , that awayte to spoyle the laboures and hony of bees . Who of others sweat and bloud , purchase their commodities , & feede their pleasures . Suche is that counterfayte Nobilitie . Which Diogenes ( not vnfitly ) termed the cloake of mischiefe . God shield it I should fauour or defend .

But , as in elder peares , Menenius Agrippa ( an eloquent oratour & famous , for commendacion of th anncient eloquence ) appeased the teased mindes of the Romaine people : and , either from the hil called Sacer , or ( as others wyl ) Auentine , reuoked the enraged multitude into the citye , with a fable of the iarringe limmes : so thoughte I it my parte , to vse these fewe reasons , to repayre concord , and sowder discorde .

To perswade the people not to thinke all Nobles grosse paunches , liuing on others sweares , theym selues labourlesse : but with their labour , counsayle , and seruice , to minister to the other limmes what they want : to purueye for the body of the whole state , that it fall not in vncurable maladye : nor more to be maynetayned of the commens then to mainteine them . Deuiding and spreading life bloud through euerye limme : graftinge on the good manye benefites , whereby both they may liue , and wel and blisfully lyue . Wherefore , if those groundes of oure defence , which I haue afore layd , wel vnderstood and minded , they will often roll in their mindes and memory : they wil easely abhorre from warres and sedicions : if they rightlye ponder eyther the cruelty and beastlines of it , or the trifeling causes wherwith they wont to be stirred thereto , or the ende thereof , or the honour of Nobility , or them selues and theyr estate . Be this therfore the summe of all . That the commen● winne the nobles with seruice : the nobles the commens with beneuolence . They obey lowlye , thother rule sauourably . They striue to excell in iustice , thother in obedience . They know they gouerne fres men not beastes : Thother thinke them selues not bonde by nature , but by the lawe and Gospel aydes and helpers . They rule with counsel , thother be prest with their trauaile . They performe theyr charge with the practise of their wit : thother with the toyle of their body . Either rule and serue other in the lord . That so they wholly apply & frame them selues with swete consent to the glory of christ , the honour of the realme , and theyr owne safety . So shall there be no care no thought of armes . But they shall melt theyr speares to coulters , theyr swordes to syckles . And not onelye suffer eche other to liue and be : but by enterchanged benefites , helpe , and ( with burnynge Charitye ) embrace eche other . But my purposed ordet hales ne otherwhere .

We haue shewed as we first meant that Nobility is not onely to be borne but euen a singuler gifte of God .

Not to be banyshed or displaced , but preserued and reuerenced . It is therefore consequente to searche , what is Nobilitye . Wherein , ( as power will serue ) we will expresse the whole nature Natiuitye , and branches of it .

For al which be and wil be accounted nobles knowe not the reason of theyr name . Neyther hath it lyke fence in all tounges . For it is wellknowen , this worde ( Noble ) is indifferent , and doubtefull : taken in eyther parte good or yll , deryned of the Grammaryans from the Verbe Nosco , whyche signifieth to know , Wherby properly it rests in him who is famous eyther for vertue or vice : or for anye other cause renoumed or notable . But this large and general sence men leaue .

And cloase in narowe boundes the effect of Nobility : and applye it to the br●ghtenes of byrthe , & pleuty of poffessions . For euery estate & ciu●● society , though it consist of many m●bers neuertheles was parted of the Romaines , after the maner of the Athenyans ( who seuered it twixt the Lordes and Husbandmen ) into two degrees , & formes as it were . Accordingly it may emonges vs be deuided into the nobles and commens . Thone part containes the Prince , and men of greater porte , and substaunce , surmountinge farre thother in liuing and lynage . Thother the inferioure multitude , the meane and baser sorte . But though we commenlye terme those Nobles , who are next to the Prince and counsayle : yet the Latines name him noble , whom the Italyans , Frenche men , and we otherwise terme a gentleman . Whereby it appeareth , this worde with his largest reache contayneth not onely the highest estates and callinges : but whatsoeuer worthies , of what so euer power or place : as also the Germaynes name theyrs Iunkers and Idelles , which soundeth in englishe Idle men . These also both be , and may ( not vnproperlye ) be named men of the best sorte . For albeit the best be of the best sorte , of whatsoeuer estate or degre : yet is this name restraynd to welth and dignitis . Cicero writeth those are of the best , who neyther are noysome , nor of nature euell : not furious , not stayned with any domesticall spot : who support and maintayne religion , lawes , their allies warfare , the realmes honour , the priuileges of magistrates , the authoritye of the counsayle . Noble men therfore , so they flye vice and folowe vertue : so they serue not so muche theyr pryuate as publicke honour : so they be indifferent and vpright : as in fauour , authoritye , and power they passe , and finde most prosperous the pleasaunt gale of fortune , and beare the chiefest charge and swaye in the common weale so both be and termed are the worthyest sages , the noblest members , & stayes of states . The Hebrewes terme them men of name and fame , most famous and farthest knowen , and cristall ( as it were ) and white clothed . Whereby they signifie free and Noble men . For such emonges theym is the weede of the free borne . For the. 70. innterpreters translated it in the olde bibles fre borne . And as the Latines call them , great and lordly men : so also the Hebrewes : in place whereof , the. 70. in the fifte of Ieremy , write bright , gorgeous noble , and lordly . And generaliye of the name , thus much may it suffise to speake .

But though to aunciente house this name of nobility be commonly & most apity knitte : Th●e sortes of Nobilitie yet of those that are termed nobles , are thre sortes . First , truly and properly those , which are noble through their house & auncestors . Next they that are of theym selues noble .

Thirdlye , a meane and mixte forte : of such as partly rise of them selues , and partlye claime from their forefathers as the source of theyr nobilitye . Of which let vs seuerally treat .

The noble by birth , the Grecians terme a wel borne man : Nobilite , of 〈◊〉 seuered from the rascall fort , by the renoume & auncienty of his race . Though it maye be also interpreted noble , as appereth in that booke of Cice●● , whyche he entituleth Cato the el●er . As in scoffe ( op he ) they say Themistectec twited a Scriphian , Vpbrawinge him , he mighte thanke his countrey , not him selfe of his glory .

Neither truly ( ꝙ he ) were I a Scriphid wer I base : nor thou glorious al hadst thou ben an Athenian . For so Plutarche reporteth it . In like sort , the excellent learned man Theodorus Gasa translated that selfe word . Whereby the Greekes wonte properlye to note a famous or glorious man . In the Hebrewe likewise they are called glorious & renoumed , translated of the. 70 ( notable ) . Iude , in his epistle termeth them glory or maiesties . Which emplieth men heaped 〈◊〉 maiesty & glory . Other names are amonges the Hebrewes , but taken to the worse . Of which we wil sprake hereafter if place serue . The Latines ●●rme him a gentleman . Feetly counterfayting the Grekes . Betwirt wel borne , gentle , & kindly , this difference is . That the first signifieth a man famous and commendable by birth onely . Thother two note not only a gentleman , but also a german , fre borne and natural child Who besides the name expresseth eke his parentes the wes . Those Nobles which by others gained the name and dignity of their Nobilitye , are named by Appyan well fathered in imitacion of the latine word , Patricii . Whose fathers , flourishing with the grene glorye of their deedes , lefte their children heires & partners of their praise . That such were of the lordes & Senate : Liuye witnesseth in the life of Romulus . But though at the firste onelye suche were counted noble : yet after wardes , who so gaue armes by theyr auncestours , were honoured with that title . Yea the common sort , had they once borne the chayre office .

The source of Nobilitie . But that the of spring of Nobilitye may more cleare and plainely appeare we will more plentifullye pursue this purpose . Best , and briefeliest , in the first of his Rhetorikes , Aristotle described Nobilitye , and deuideth it in two partes . Thone he termeth commen or ciuile : which farther spreadeth . Thother nearer , and more proper . The commen is borowed of some famous nation or citye . as heretofore , to haue bene a Greeke was more commendable then a Barbarian . And an Athenian , than any other Greeke . Which Plate a wise man , reckneth amonges his happes . To be borne at Roome nobler than at Tibur or Lilibeum and at this day to be a Florentine , Parisian or Londoner , is accounted more glorious , then to haue bene borne in a base village . More noble also it is , to be in maner borne of them selues , & in the countrey , where they abide : then to be ghestes or strangers as the Athenians boasted by Isccrates reporte , in his Panegirica . That others as the remnanntes of dyners mixtures , were raked into sundrye corners : But they not other whence came into Attike : but were from euer borne and bred there .

Which to signify , they wimpled their heades with caules wroughte with golden Gressehoppers : for as Gressehoppers they crepte oute of the soyle , which they fiil inhabited . Whyche mencioneth also Hicronimus Osorius . It is also more noble , to descende of the auncient people , than of any late founded city . As the Athenians vauted their auncientie beyond all memorye . For which also , the Acthiopians contended & soughte to proue theym selues fyrste borne . The Arcadians fayned , they preuented the Moone . Thegiptians also and Scithians , were parteners of the same strife . For men weene much material to their owne , theyr countreyes glory . And therfore wonted to demaund at meetinges as oft is in Homere .

Who are you , or whence , where borne o● where bred ?

Contrariwise , it is the commen reproche to be infamous or base herein . For , Antigonus twited Byon ( infamous through vncertayne parentes ) contemptuously , and contumeliously , with the same verse of Homere .

Whence he was , where borne , what countrey , of what kinne ?

Whom wittely he aunswered in this wise . When thou entertaynest archers thou enquerest not their race : but who cleaues the marke , him deemest thou best . So neither demaunde ( ꝙ he ) whence I am , but what I am . It was reckned also a sport and mayme in Anacharses , that he was a Scithian . For they were counted barbarous and cruell , dronkelewe , & wilde people . The philosopher acknowledgeth the iuste reproofe of his countrey : But auoydeth it saieng , in birth not maners : yelding him selfe a cithian home not manerd . And this is that commen & farce spred Nobility . But hit we terme proper , is deriued from the auncestours , and tamilie : either principal famous and notable , or fruitefull as well of men and women , or of either parte free & worshipful . Whereby suche as can recken theyr graundfathers , great graundesyres , & higher , are accounted noble .

This at the first became famous , eyther through power and richesse ( chieflye , if they imployed theym to the succour of the poore and nedy , yf lordlye and liberally they powred on the people , if they founded churches , colledges , hospitalles ) or grewe throughe theyr vertues , godlines . counsaile , wisedome Justice , ( whereby Cicero in his second booke of duties , thinketh kinges wer first created : by whom rose lordes , and Noble men ) or through nobly & gloriously atchiened enterprises , hastayles conquetes , or whatsoeuer els stirreth admiracion , or is highly prised . For as Adam was the firfte parente of the Hebrewes , & the original of mankynde , and before the floud , as a Patriarche , or auncestour , to the godly fathers Abell , Seth : after the flowde Noe lefte three Imps , from whom all the socieries of mankynde descended : Then Abraham the honoure of the Jewes , nexte Isaac , and after Iacob rose , from whome issued those twelue tribes , the auncientest lampes of the Iewishe Nobilitie : ( of which auncestours , the Iewes chiefelye vaunte , as in the Gospell and other where , not seeld we read ) so emonges the Greckes the progeny of those fyzsre and famous captaines , Cecrops , Acacus Hercules , Achilles , and other moste renoumed princes , were adopted to the succession of their name and glorye , with the generall graunte and agreement of all Greece , with the allowance of the mouthes and mindes of al men So muche furthered theym to honour the memorye of theyr worthye auncestours , whom thankeful posterity honoured only not as goddes . For those whom that Golden age bredde , they surnamed worthies , halfe goddes and spirites as witnesseth Hesiode . And probable it is , that from the posterities to great loue and admiracion of their auncestours , the most part of ydolatry fyrst flowed . As we read in the. 38. of Esaye , Senacherim worshipped a certain Patriarche , or patrone . Whom Cirille the bishop of Alexandrye , commenting on that place , writeth to haue bene some of his parentes , or graundsircs in lineall ascencion . In like maner , emonges the Romaynes , who helde the fourth and last monarchye , the monumentes of weighty authours witnesse the like spreading and commendacion of kinred . To noble men also were certaine honourable obseruaunces allowed , bothe by princes and cities to honour them . As humble curtesy , vprising , haring of the head , chiefe place commen pensions in their liues . Magnificence of monumentes , tombes , fuveral oracions , Images , Chappelles , and Epitaphes after theyr deathes .

Emonges the Parthians , ridinge they executed commen and priuate charge : and thereby were discerned from the commen sorte . Emonges the Romaynes , the golden ringe thoughe sometime it were geuen to knyghtes and others : yet properlye emplyed fredome by discent . Which that nobles ware , Liuie mencioneth . Who writeth in his ninth booke , that the election of Cn. Flauiu , ( made free by manumission ) chamberlaine , the Senate so much disdaynd : that moste of theym surrendred their gold rings & robes . Which to haue bene accustomed chyefelye to be geuen such , as had stoutly , passinglye , or couragiouslye attempted or atchyeued oughte : appeareth by Ciceros fyfte action agaynst Verres . For ofte ( ꝙ he ) our captaynes , theyr enemyes conquero , and the commen wealth hap●elye gouernd : guerdoned theyr Scribes , with gold ringes . But thou after what atchieued enterprise , what daunted enemy , durst assemble that souldiours to rewarde them ? For neither onely thy scribe with a ring , but euen the stoutest , and most vnlike the L. Ri●brius of singuler manhoode , power , & authoritye feedst thou with a crowne , chaye , and trappers . Whereby it appeareth sundrye ornamentes were allowed to stoute and valiaunte capitaynes . Hence also first came the title of armes , whereby Nobles more and more gilstered . These in auncient times were grauen in courtes , or in the vtter and princelyest partes of theyr palayces . That Children might gase on the Images & titles of theyr auncestours : and not onely read theyr vertues , but learne to counterfayte them . That gentlemens Images wented to be borne at theyr buryalles , Plinie is a weyghtye witnesse . In the courtes of our auncestours ( ꝙ he ) wer Images set , not the vauntes of forren workemen , nor brasse or marble monsters , but formed shapes of ware placed in euery Armarye , seruyng to accompany the tombes of all that house . So ateuery mans buriall , was present all his race . And Stemmes ranue by braunches to the shapen Images .

Whole Tablines stuffed with registers and monumentes of their actes in commen affaires . Wherby it is euident , that as these Images of their stocke , so kept they registers of all their noble actes , and praise worthy offices .

Armaries , Plinye calleth those , which Polibius nameth closetres . Housen wherin these Images were hourded and reserued . For he also , toucheth thys bearing and shewe of Images in burialles . And in his fift booke , defineth an Image to be a likenes , cunninglye counterfaytinge the proporcion of the countenaunce , shaped with maruaylous arte , and shaded with coloures and payntinges . Tabline , was a chest of those Tables , wherin were conteined the writinges and monumentes of theyr deedes . Stemme , properlye in Greeke , a crowne . Here signifyeth the race of the stocke , and degrees of discent , seuered with braunches , & lines Which custome hath continued to our times . So as nowe , not onely kinges and free cities : but euen euerye Gentleman hath his petigrees . Cities in times paste ( as we nowe ) wonted to stampe in their coyne certaine Images . They of Delos or Athenes an oxe . Moreouer the Athenians maydes , or night owles . The Corinthians chicken , The Peleponnesians snayles . Whence grewe these latine prouerbes ( for Seruius also king of the Romaines vsed the stampe of an oxe ) to stoppe his mouth with an oxe . The night Owles flye Snayles ouerrunne vertue and wysedome . And as of beastes coynes : so noble mens armes were borowed . As of the Lyon , Leopard , Gryphon , Dragon , eyther grene , white , or black . The Horse the Beare , and others , wherewith our gentlemen are honoured . There be who deriue them of herbes & flowers As the white or redde rose , and others like . Which they enuironne with certaine feate poesies , and deuises .

Which would they folowed as feetly These wonted they to graue on pillers . Nowe , it is counted worshipfull to place them in theyr housen , stretes , churches , walles , and funeralles .

These call they armes , for they are the price of their dedes . All which fortes of out warde shewe and vaunt , the nobles of this age are content to beare . But , the endeuours , duties , and practises thereof leaue to others . But , not these only honoures descended to posteritye , and the whole house : But euen the names of theyr auncestours So , as nowe , they vse not so commenlye theyr owne names , as other surnames . Whyebe fyrste were geuen them , eyther for some rare happes , or for theyr diuerselye disposed maners , or the affections of theyr myndes , or bodyes , or for theyr sundrye skylles , theyr large possessions , theyr manye conquestes , or of the soyles they inhabited . As emonges vs . Buckingham , Bedforde , Northfolke , Somerset , Suffolke , Stafforde . Dukes , Earles , Barons . Whose proper names are either vnknowen , or vnworne in commen talke . These also in times past descended to their heires As appeareth by Plutarche , where he writeth of Cicero . who firste bare the surname of Cicero seemeth to haue florished with chiefest praise . For the surname , was not onelye not neglected , but euen gredely continued of his posterity . And Cicero him selfe in that dream of Scipio , imagineth Scipio thus speaking . That name shalt thou winne vi " thine own purchase , which now thou " claimest by discent from me . We neede not here to heape examples , sith it is of it selfe most euident . Other priuileges , as diuinacions & such like , maye by diligent reading be found & noted in Liuie & other authors . To our purpose it shal suffise , to haue said thus much . This is therfore the firste branche of Nobilitie . Adourned with Images , welth , ware pictures , petigrees & glorious titles , by their fathers & forefathers But much it is to be feared least what Cicero plaind of his countremen in his passed yeares ; that same may rightly be reported of these . That sometimes some proue worthy to succede their auncestours . But the most seke to compasse this . That so much honor may seme due to their auncestours , as both their same was satisfied , and theyr heyres payed of the ouerplus .

An other sorte of Nobility there is , begonne of it selfe : famous throughe no commendacion of house or armes , but nobled by her owne dedes and industry . Newe sprong Nobilitie Such the Romaines termed new men . Which least I seeme wythoute booke or witnesse to affirme not confirme : Appyan a Greeke writer of the Romaine history , witnesseth with these wordes . Them call the Romaines newe who not by their auncestours , but of them selues waxt famous . As contrariwise , Gentlemen we terme those , that haue continued from the beginning of the nation , whose auncestors were neuer bonde , nor euer staynde with treason . But though it be great to descend of great house : yet greater is it to be great him selfe . And better to begin then end thy house : as also to be good then borne of good . As writeth that worthy Gregory Nazienzent . Hit behoueth to ouerrunne , not lagge behinde thy kinne . Therfore when basenes of birthe was vphrayded Sostratus , he aunswered he ought be so much the more estemed , for his house began at him . Likewise Ciccro refoyneth to Salust . Who , where men thought after he had borne office , he would haue auoyded or chaunged the name of Ciscero : vowed to endeuoure to yelde it more famous , then euer was the Catos Catulles , or the Scaures . Whiche howe he perfourmed , well can thankefull posterity witnesse . Neyther are these newe nobles any lesse prayse worthy , then , the auncientst : if with right foote and by streight pathe , they aspice to honoures . For thother are in maner feathered with others plumes . These with their owne vertues : They as that yuie & vine leane on others proppes . These , as the fishe Trochus is reported to engender with him selfe , and conceiue : so be the first begetters of kinne name , and honour to their posteritye , But more to cleare the matter wyth experience , became not Romulu of a heard , the king and founder of the Romayne state ? Or did not Tullus Hostilius a yong Impe , busied in entending his shepe , from his countreye coate scale the heyghthe of the Romayne scepters ? Happd not the like to Tarquinius Priscus sonne of Demaratus a Corinthian mat Marchaunt , a bannished wight ? dyscended not Scruius Tullus of a Niefes wherfore as of the kingdome , so like is the accompt of other offices : whiche were also emparted with the common sorte , as the Tribuneshyppe Counsulship , and others . M. Valerius Coruinus a Noble man , witnesseth the Consulshyppe was communicated with them : As the price , not of bloud , but vertue . And therfore reede we , that euen from the plough and Houell , many were called to the Senate to the Dictatourshyppe , and stateliest honors . Truly to passe by prophane matters , God it is , who rayseth the poore from the dunghil as Saul , Dauid , and others . Many , that only arbiter and dyspenser of humayne happes , maketh of slaues Lordes , of Rhetors , Consuls : from base estate and fortune , lifteth to the highest roomes and houors whom him lifteth . which well knew that Pagane Poete Hesiode . Who , in the entrye to his treatise of workes and daies , mouing this doubt whence it proceded , that some were Noble , others base : answereth . Of the wyl of God .

The third and Noblest sorte , Nobility matched with vertue . is not simple , but compounde of eyther , consistinge of suche , as with theyr owne trauayle , gistes , and ornaments , amplysie , and encrease th enheritaunce , of the recetued name from theyr auncestours . So , as they be not onely parteners of theyr Nobilitie , but resemble them also , in imitacion of their dedes : Not only euening but euen surmounting them . Which , that noblest Socrates prince of Philosaphers , seemeth to haue signified , when , demaunded what was Nobility , he defineth it , the iuste and euen temperature of body and minde . So , as they ought be not onely meanely , and so muche as suffiseth other , endewed with goods and gittes of the body : and commended with forreine graces , eyther of fortune , nature or kinred : But further oughte couple hereto , the care and tillage of the mynde , ioynte with theyr earnest endeuoure . That not in body only , but minde , they bee well affected and by sposed .

And besides the prowesse of theyr auncestours , purchase them selues commendacion of wisedome . Of this Nobility in the fourth booke of his commen welth , forespake Aristotle . Sayenge there be three thinges that stryue in ciuile equalitie . Liberty , wealth , and v●rtue . But the fourth which we terme Nobilitye , is compounde of the two last . For Nobility is long lasted welth linked with Fortune . And so forwardes .

These therfore are , in my opinion , and as the ciuilians seuer theym , the thre sortes of Nobility . Yf any other be , they maye rightlye be referred to these . For Plato , as wryteth Diogenes La●rtius appoynted foure kindes . The first , of them that descend of good and vertuous parentes . The next of suche as had princes , or noble men theyr progenitours . The thirde of those whose auncestoures were victorious in warres , or crowned for conquestes Which three may well be comprised vnder our first parte . Namelye , that Nobilitye , whiche descendeth from others . As we imitatinge Aristotle haue parted it . The fourth sorte is of such as flourishe with the glory of theyr owne dedes . Which parte is also subiect to our second braunche .

Nowe therfore , our first promise discharged , the name of Nobility discussed , and examined , the source thereof shortly shadowed , and her partes expressed : Let vs agayne peruse theym more distinctly , and aduisedly , & more at large ouerrunne them . And searche as we may , and can , which is the true Nobility . For , both it nedeth searche and enquirie : and is of it selfe moste worthy consideracion . Because not al that haue attaynd the name , haue eke the thing : But they are deemed to haue both name and thing , who clime those steppes , wherby rightly we scale to dignitie . For to be a noble man is no base or rascall honour . But the especiall gift and honourable ornament of God . Therfore , of him to whom greater charge is credited , more duties are required . As Christ by parable taught vs in the Scriptures .

That , as he is most famous and floryshynge , in reuerende names ; honourable titles , bright Images , Ryches , Pompe , and power : as euerie man vpryseth to him , and yeldeth him place : as hee is saluted , loned , honoured , and byghlyer prysed then all others : so , hee endeuoure to excede all others , in true honor , and Nobilytie . And , as in these forreine goodes : so in thother greater , hee excell the multitude . Therefore , as Nobles weare rychest roabes , so are honorablest and princeliest qualities required of them . Unlesse they wyll betraye the state , that god allotted them , and therwithall , theyr dignitie , their natiue Nobilitie . For it is not geuen all men , nor boughte by Prynces fauour , neyther commeth by the benefite of nature , nor as perquisite , happes by chaunce and casualtie : but euen geuen from aboue , by the prouidence , and dispensation of god . Who plongeth lowe the lofty from theyr seate : and lifteth vp the lowely . Who , with hys ryghtewyse eye regardeth mans life , and wyth hys mightie arme and heaūenlie becke , guydeth and gouerneth it . To whom ought Noble men impute , what so they haue . And , what haue they , not receiued ? if receiued why glory they , as they ne had receiued it ? Wherefore , sith in dyscourse of the firste Question , we haue shewed , that this Nobility groundeth on the lawes bothe of God and man : and therefore , ought not be abolyshed , but preserued and honored : as a profitable , necessarie , and honorable ornamente of the whole body , both in warre and peace : And , in the seconde parte of our deuysion , opened what it is , discribynge the name , nature , original , and parts therof : it resteth consequently , to speake of the thirde parte namely , whiche is true Nobility , and what maner thing it ought be .

Whiche may the better be knowen and vnderstoode , Counterfaite Nobilitie . if first we carue out counterfaite Nobilitie , and hit which tracketh the true by stelth : leaste wee mistake the forged for true , and the false semblant of truthe , deceyue them simple . For herein misse many . Partly , of the Nobles them selues , through selfe loue and conceyt of them selues : And partly , the commen sorte , in reuerencinge whom they oughte not , or cherishing those vices with flatterye , whiche hit behoued to reproue wyth aduisement . Fewe be there , that boldly speake the truth . Whereby eyther Nobles may know theym selues : or others learne to knowe the Nobles .

As truly to Nicocles sayd Isocrates ( the father of eloquence ) , of tyrantes and heauy lordes . For where priuate and poore men their enemies accuse , their frendes warne : fewe , as they oughte reproue those , that passe the reste in dignitie . So who moste behooued to haue bene best enfourmed : rest neglected and vntaught . For few accompany them : and suche as are conuersaunt with them , or fauourablye flatter theym , or dreade with franke and christian freedome to reproue them .

But , though noble mens eares must not be launced : yet must they accustome to listen not onely swete sawes , but true withall . Therfore , that we maye the better discerne the true Nobles , the apishe & chaungelinug must be discouered .

Vaynest therfore , and plainely mischeuous are those , The su●dry sortes of counterfayte Nobility . moste vnworthye this name ( wherto most impudentlye they entrude theym selues ) leude cutters and roysters . Who in theyr vtter behauiour , apparayle , practises , & talke , counterfaite a maner Nobility . In deede affecters of Nobilitye , and counterfayte riche . With whom almost now euery corner throngs : whom , who is so madd to recken in this number ? Of whom Salomon sayeth in maner thus Ther be some ( ꝙ he ) that hauing nought yet counterfaite riches . For suche are they . Of no substaunce , lesse possibilitie basest birth , desperatst life , most lauish tounge . For gaine , sometime Gnathos , somtime Thrasoes , Importunately boasting their brauery , as he in the Comicall Poete . Craking their cheualrous facts ( in nede none ) their fraies & scarres : with open mouth & false and forged lyes . These walowing in excesse , maskd in sutes and coloures , with impudent face and hard fauour , not walking , but rouing : belche forth no meane matters , but w●rres , Princes , emperours , Cities , castels , realmes . And as Taurus a smal bird , by report of writers counterfaites the Ores lowing : so these misers of no substance , no ability , no possessions , stoope to no base or meane matters , but commen only of high , princely and lordlye affaires . And least oughte should want , scrape to them selues en signes of honor , & faine them newe found auncestours . And rake to them for hyre traynes of slaues , or rather troupes of felons like them selues , to flatter them , to shoute at al their iestes & sayenges , who liue of the spoile , snatche , praies , and robberies : thriuing only by theft , forced by this bloudy gaine and cruell vauntage , to maynteyne theyr false and copper Nobility , theyr lewd fame and wretched glorye , purchased from the beginning by lies and theft .

Which thre halfeny gentlemen I recken not in my Scrowe . As in whom resteth not so much as one ioate of honesty , much lesse of Nobility . For neither are they borne of good house , nor commendable for any glimse of goodnesse . Wherfore , as Noble noughtye packs let vs ouerpasse them .

Vaine also , and counterfaite is their nobilitie that are priestly , and church nobles . Of whom yet , Churche Nobles . more question is , then of those other . For , they are authorised by the consent of many , and Nobility of house , & the maintenance of their great might . For commenly they are cleped lordes and Princes . Nor in the churche onely comber the chyefest seates and sees , but coueyt to rule the world in temporal and ciuile causes : wage warres , carye with theym courtes and traynes . As not in name only Nobles , ●ut passing the mightyest princes , in fertilest landes , plentifullest possessions , and largest dominions . Who would they had rather chose to enryche them selues of theyr owne enheritaunce and patrimonies : them of church profites . which sith they earne not by sowing , planting nor preaching : neither ought they reap . Manifest is the Popes pollicy , and well knowen for what wile , theyr Roomishe father and enstaller , him selfe lord of lordes , hath placed them ouer so manye prouinces . For who doubtes , but in setling these in so many realmes , & kingdomes , he sought his owne honour : & prepared him selfe a meane to maynteyne & stablishe his vsur●ed dignitie ? Truly not altogether the best , prouided their parentes for their owne honour , much lesse for the churche , who stoared with plenteous & abundan̄t issue : their yongest either banishd into cloisters , as Abbottes , or Abbesses , to rule that Conents : or procured to be created Chations or Bishops . Bishops I saye , not to ouersee their flocke , but to forese theyr priuate gayne . So , as they become the lordes of their bodies , not feeders of theyr soules . Which for it is vngod lye , oughte greatly of the godly to be plained . For hit is wisked , ought by that magistrates to be punished . But I can neyther disgrade them of the name , n●r title of Nobilitye . But by what title , clayme , or rightfull interest they sue to be registred in this rewe of Nobles , which here I searche , truly I see not . For albeit the maner and phrase of commen speache , hath otherwyse determined : yet ▪ if more we credite the authority of sound learning , then vicious custome , or the truthe , then vanitie and the termes of the rude & ignoraunt people : of necessitye we must eyther iudge them belyed priestes , or sclasidred Nobles . For if abandoning the world and their birth right , they fled to the church : in that station and calling must they abide . For one sole man must vse one onely callyng . And the first right surrendred to late it is to reclayme . Both at once they can not be . Syth God and Mammon , seruice , and lordshippe , are no lesse contrary , then fyer and water . Neyther , well gouerneth he a spirituall charge , who entermedleth wyth the wo●lde . And therfore is it in some comm●n wealthes decreed , that none shall beare at once two offices , or practise two sundrye craftes . For eche dutye claymeth not the halfe , but the whole man .

Except perhaps they wil be like those Serpentes , whyche are sayde to be double headed , and tayled . For , so are these double faced and chaungelinges , sometime for auantage ecclesiasticals , otherwhiles Nobles , as men of al degrees & sortes . For to such ( not vnworthely ) Erasmus resembled them . But by their pacience , this state as euel , & opinion as false ought be rooted When the Apostles stroue for lordship when the .ii. brethren sued for the right & lest place in the kingdome of heauen , our sauiour otherway wried their ambitious lustes and earthly mindes .

Nor graunted what they fondly craued nor flatly denyed theyr ●est . But seemed in maner to yeld , & yet in yelding to roote out the affe●t●ō . For expressely he forbids to practise lordship or dominion , affirming it to belong to heathen princes . Also the deuiue Peter ( whose vicar the Romaine bishop hath lately found him selfe , & opened these a more honourable gappe ) in his epistle in no wise wil that Pastours or byshoppes rule ouer their flock , Yf the Apostles refused to serue the lordes Table , the better to entend preaching : and posted this as a great let and hinderance to others : yf Paule whollye to applye the preaching of the gospel , in maner forsooke the ministracion of baptisme : wher yet those offices are sibbe , & in maner ioynt : truly these most repugnat charges , wherof eyther chalengeth & occupieth the whole man , with what bond they may be coupled : or how two such contraries maye be applyed to one : none I thinke may easely ymagyne .

Or yf he conceyue , shall not so easelye confyrme . Neyther by any indifferent lawe , oughte one selfe member be a thrall of Iesus Christe , and a worldelye lord : a teacher and preacher of God , & retainer of the world . Nay rather , suche a compound creature , is neither-simply to be termed a noble man , nor simplye a priest . Put to speake truly & indifferentlye , is a neuter and mongrell . ye wil happely saye then , shall the bishop or minister be so cloggd to preachyng of the Ghospell , as he maye entende nought els ?

Trulye , I denye not , they maye also entermedle with some forreyne affayres , as Moses and Ambrose to determine doubtfull controuersyes , sometimes trauayle in embassyes , purchace peace , ayde theyr Princes with theyr counsayles , & frequent iudgements . But these seeld happen & are no necessarye burthens . But to preache & proclaime that newe couenant , is their proper & appointed charge . And woe to them , if they preach not . They chalenge also benefices in maner by title , for their auncestours gaue them . But other was the mind , other the entent of the geuers . Namely , that feruent praiers should incessantly flame ▪ religion spread & that kingdome & gospel of Christ be enlarged . To other end if they tended , il founded giftes wil fayle . And so the geuers mocked of their rewarde . What so they willd , thus hath God decreed . And albeit this ecclesiasticall nobility ground on Popes patentes , whereby , both entry is forclosed the poore , to the highest Ecclesiasticall degrees , and noble descent required of either parent & all theyr auncestours of suche as shall attaine them : yet sith they haue neyther godlines , nor learninge , their pledges or warrantes : Vnworthye are they of this aucthoritie , all were they able to vouche infinite descents , and petigrees of their race , and those confirme ( as they wont ) with their sacred othe . Why then ? ( they will happely aske mee ) may not a noble man take charge of soules and preache ? What els ? if , when he beareth the simple person of a preacher , he disgrade him selfe of the honour and pride of his Nobillitie . For they ought not bee debarde that kind of life , if faithfully they wil discharge their charge . But of ghosts , shades , and Images , my talke entreateth , that deuoure the Church goodes . Who accompte it vilanous to learne , vile to teach . Such Archebishops , Archepryestes , or Archecourtiers , wee remoue from this rewe of Nobles , as counter faites and Newters . For as Moyles engendred twirre a Horse and Asse , are neither Horsse nor Asse , but , a mixt and myngled kynde : euen so are these . As begotten not of men but Goddes , who not onely descended of aunciente house , but also imitate the aunciente meane and maner of life . As sayeth in Virgyle Dido of Aneas .

I thinke ( and not amisse ) he is Impe of Gods For , the childe is the fathers Image , and in maner him selfe : if as in body , so in minde , hee endeuour to resemble him . Neither is the phrase straunge in the Scriptures , to terme Maiestrates and Nobles , gods , and Sonnes of the highest . We ought also to prise auncientie , sith god for Abraham , Dauid and theyr fathers , shewed mercy to theyr Children : as appeareth euydently in the bible . And ofte we loue the Child , as the fathers mirrour . But so muche the more if many his auncestoure , continued the selfe possession of praise with continued worthines . Wherefore , some force to prouoke loue , bathe the aged memory of wel deserued parents . Nobilitie also , hath her seuerall ages , encreases , and degrees . Wherfore , as we reuerence age : so , sith this springeth , spireth , prospereth , and buddeth , hauinge her blossoms as youth , and ripenes as hoare beares : truly , we ought and wonte all to honour this hoarie auncientie of Nobilitie , lasted through so many ages and families . Chiefely , if the moare of vertue be not cropped , but dayly rooted deepelyer . But sith Cain Cham , the children of Iacob , and after Absolon , Rhoboam , and other ill sutes , sprong of holiest rootes : and the heires of Scipio , Fabius , and Cicero , proue that Children treade not alwayes theyr fathers steppes , but oft degenerate : and commonly it happeth , the most chaungelinges , moste crake the simple glory of theyr auncientie , them selues suinge no sounde or perfecte vertue : therfore , for it is lawful , it liketh and behoueth mee , somewhat to reason , not against antiquitie , but the vaine confidence of antiquitie : not of myne owne heade , but the aucthoritie and iudgementes of learned Sages . And as hitherto wee haue pulled nought from it , so henceforth wyll we adde nought to it , but his owne , least with borowed plumes , it seeme to it selfe . What other then , shal we terme auncient bloud , then goare , or putrified ? as sayde Gregory Nazianzene to lyke effecte .

Blushe to be termed ill , not base or bare Race is their praise , who longe since notten are .

Lo , hee termeth them putrified , festred and rotten in theyr graues , from whom these boast theyr birth . And Cicero in scoffe , rightly termed Pisos aged and aunciet Images , smoakie . Vaine therfore is this vaunt of auncient Nobilitie , if nought els renowme hym , but his worme eaten stocke , or emptie rewes of drawen descents . For , who walowes in this errour , and weenes him selfe greater for this shade of forreyne happes : is not to bee reckned amongs the Noble and honorable , but rather to hee deemed a foole and fondlinge . But happely you wyll reply , theyr race is not only auncient , but riche and mightie . But therin others eyther matche or passe them , and yet not therefore are accompted Noble . And ryches ofte are blocks , mids the race to our nobility , and ofte forslowe the voyage to this true glory : at least not alwaies further hit . Further , it may perhappes be douted , who were those Nobles , & glorious worthies of whom these Impes descended . Truly what maye be sayde , I see . But howe I maye playnelye speake withoute offence I doubte . For what more frowarde or stately , then he who seemeth to him selfe happye ? Who is hardlier taught , the who dreauth him selfe most fortunate ? Plato refused to geue the Cirenenses lawes , for he counted it most difficult , to order so welthy people . Neuertheles , both for it is true & profitable for thym to heare● , necessary for me to speake : my conscyence mouynge me to vtter hit , I must not conceale it . I wishe therfore , all Nobles would call to minde , & reape vp out of all memory theyr auncestours , & progenitors . So shal they finde perhaps a petygree & genealogy , wherof they ought rather blushe than swell . I styrre not this mixen . Let them selues searche the chronicles , and theyr petygrees and marke yf theyr auncestours haue bene murtherers of theyr brethren , as Cain : reprobate as Esau : of whose house the booke of Genesis reckeneth many dukes and kinges .

Whether they haue beene rouers as Nimrod the great hunter : or tyrantes , as Nero , Phalaris , & others : Idolaters , as Thare the father of good Abraham : persecutours of christian religion , as Iulian the Apostate , or effeminate & vicious persons as Sardanapalus . Whose children or posterity , haue small cause to vaunte the honour of theyr auncestours , but rather to lament their miserable state . And declynyng theyr by-pathes , them selues sue better . And so begynne to rayse to theyr posteritye , some paterne of true Novility . What sayeth Chryste of the buylders of the Apostles tombes , and such as decked the monumentes of the iust ? Sayeng , Had we liued in the times of our fathers , we would not haue bene partakers wyth theym in the bloud of the Prophetes . Therefore ye are wytnesses to your selues , ( sayeth he ) that ye are theyr children , who slewe the Prophetes . Fyll ye also vp the measure of your parentes . O ye serpents vypers broode , howe wyll ye escape damnacion ? If is to be feared , least he wyll saye the like to theym , Who proude the bloude of theyr bloudye syres , vaunte such armes , as purchased by the spoyles and slaughter of the good , not honour but dishonour them nor ought to rayse , but quayle theyr stomackes , and abashe and shame them . God in Esaye calleth the Israelites , traytours chyldren and froward broode . This therefore , ( in maner ) was the head of the Iewishe Nobilitye : These be also the ofspringes of ours . For to come nearer , were they not Gentyles from whom thys : Gentrye descended ? Lyued they not without god , without law , without Christ● Whiche infamye , thoughe it be commen to all , and farther of , nor peculyer onely to Nobles : yet pertayneth to theym for it is vnyuersall .

And thereto this oure talke tendeth , that such as aduaunce them selues for byrth aboue others , may linke theym selues in this commen lyne with others , and be included in one selfe throng with euery abiect person : not exempting them selues from this contagion for theyr Nobilitye . For suche as nowe weene theym selues nearest god , are the rēnauntes of this wicked & accursed brood . So are they of the condemned sede of the Gentiles , as al the rest Which had bene a simple Nobilitye , had not the precious crosse of Christ our noblest sauiour legitimate them . But nearer yet let vs touch this spring and roote of these noble twiggs . Let vs in thought ouerrunne & peruse all countreies of christendome , & see if in anye of them , appeare anye sparke of true and auncient gentry . Italye the queene and empresse sometime of the rest , abundant in pleasures , commodityes , and sundrye blessinges of God , howe large it was , howe litle it is , yf anye will but recount : he shal finde no sure signes , no euident steppes of any auncient Nobility . Not whole townes , not waste playnes , retayne their former and principall names : no pure & whole families remaining . The noble housen eyther ruined , or decayed , and newe and barbarous vpcrept .

For that part , whiche sometimes the Apulians , Samnites , Greekes and Campanes inhabited , is now the realme of Naples Latium , Capaigne : Gawle , termed of Cesar behither the Alpes , Lombardye , Flaminia , Romandiola : the riuer Liris , Galirian : Ticinus , Pauie : Egnatia in Apulia , Iuuenacium as Raymond Martian notes . So as almost at this daye , it retayneth no ioat of antiquity . For it hath bene the pray & spoile of al nations . Not only in elder times mixt with mongrel and forren people : as the Greekes , Oenotrians , Morgetes , Sicilians , Ausonians , Aborigines , Pelasgians , Auruncans . But also at last , with al Barbary : the Lombards , Saracens , Hungarians , the factions of Gwelphes , Gibellines & others , wherfore , what meruaile is it , if the priuate antiquity of Nobility & famous housen be decaied ? what shal I say of Spaine which suffred like calamity what priuy murthers they committed with what barbarousnes thei infected it , both I sorowe to thinke , & abhorre to recount . Neither the Germaines , al wer they of others moste free , & leaste open to inuasion : were altogether quite from forren bondage : from the Romaines , from the Gentiles , & Pagans . For the Sarmatians and Gothes , wild and cruel people , they bred in their owne bosomes . What I speake of them , I wishe also vnderstood of others , professing now the name of Christ . But to what ende tendes this farre set searche ? To reuoke noble men to their original . That such as be aunciente , maye with attentiue thoughte peruse the puddle whence fyrste they sprong . Wherin , whether they waile the ruyne and subuersion of their nation , or sorowe the ignorance , cruelty , impiety , & shame of their auncestors : Let them looke nearer them selues , not boast them . For were they euel , no cause haue the good to vaunt them , al were they kinges . Neither thinke I them or oures rightlye termed Nobles , yf they bee infected wyth the contagyon , of theyr oryg●nall auncestours .

For , neyther are theyr auncestours therfore not vicious , for they were accompted Nobles : for they were clothed in ●purple , and golde . For so , should Nobilitie be , ( as sayd Diogenes ) a vaile of vice . For , as neither ye accompt the Aspis , or Scorpion harmles , for ye see them pent in ●golden Cages : so neither ceasseth vice to be vice , though dysguised with golde , and other giftes of fortune . As singulerly sayd Epictetus . As an Ape is an Ape all weare hee a golden Robe : so neither power so altereth men , but they perseuer aye like them selues . For , vice is neither masked nor honored , with the weed , but rather bewrayed and descried . But , admitte they were auncient , riche Noble and good withall . Yet , nought worthe is it , to haue good auncestours : but to be him selfe good , is some what , or rather all . For , as eche man beares the paine of his owne misdeedes , so are children esteemd by theyr pryuate vertues . Nor so muche skilles it , who or what man begat thee , as whom and what thou proue and shewe thy selfe . For commendeth it ought thy deformity , that they were faire ? Or supplye theyr ryches thy want ? Ought auayleth it thee in sycknes , that they were stronge and helthy ? Truly , as their beautie , helth , and richesse , in thy wants serue the not as thine : so neyther arte thou by them , eyther richer , fairer , or helthier . Wherfore well may the vertue of thy auncestours , be in deede a president & spurre to prouoke thee to wel doinge , that begotten of good thou mayest continew good : but by theyrs gainst thou no prayse , but thou practise lyke . Sooner shall thy noughtynes clipse theyr Nobility , then by their worthines it shadowed , or thou made better . This Nobilitie , is others gifte , not thine ▪ who otherwise thincks , is fond & witles . Euen as , who seing the emperours or others fleete at Genua wold weene they were his , & therof boast to the beholders . Or as the fond riche man Caluisius Sabinus , who ( as mencioneth Seneca in his Epistles ) thought him selfe learned & mindful , for he kept learned and mindful seruauntes . And deemd he knew and vnderstode , what so they knewe . To these may worthelye be sayde , that in theyr Fathers armes lyeth all theyr gentrie . As Herode a Sopbister reproched an insolent craker that all his Nobility laye in his shoes . For then vsed they amongs the Romans , on theyr shoes an Iuory ornament , shaped like a die . These be therfore forreine happes , and placed in the rashe dealynge , and fauoure of fortune : withoute the man , indyfferente both to good and euyl . And oft it happeth , that as of an yll Crow commeth an yll egge : so contrariwise , not seeld , of stoute , modest , and godly parents , descends a Cowarde , shameles , and wycked Sonne . Whiche well declare the discents of the Patriarkes , & kynges of the Iewes . This proues also the rewe of the Romaine Emperours , who so wyll by leasure pervse them . This sheweth Valerius Maximus , in his title of vnkindly children . Wherfore , not contrey , not parents , not auncestours geue Nobility : but other whence it comes , nor is a thing so rife by al men to be gaynd . Godly saide Hierom. Not to haue bene at Hierusalem , but well to haue lyued at Hierusalem , is worthy prayse . So , not to be borne of good parents , but thy selfe to be good , is commendable : and worthiest al praise and honor . Be therfore this Nobilitie of birthe beloued , reuerenced , and estemed : be it a steppe and staier to true Nobilitie : it selfe sure , true and perfecte Nobilitie is not . Hereby is it apparent to all men , that auncient family , or discent , some what aydeth to this perfection : but those natheles are farre wyde who customably and commonly are counted Noblest . If new nobility bee the true gentrie . Let vs now come , to the sodayne glory ( as Plinie termeth it ) and newe Nobilitie . Whiche , sith it groweth and clymeth of it selfe , semeth somewhat nearer to approche the tipe of perfection . Or may at least , aswel as the auncientest . But contrariwise it proues , and other wyse haue others practised tofore .

Who by fraude , guile , and deceit , like ill meanes , or princes blinded iudgement , bought or purchased Nobilytie . Of whom presently swarmeth eche where , a great or rather to great multitude . Emonges the Romans , infamous was the name of newe men . And not once reproched to Cicero , and chiefely layde in hys dyshe by Salust . That he was perdy , a new man , come from Arpinas , late found , and sent for : and a Citezen lately grafted in the Citie of Rome . But , would we had all Ciceros : who with trauaile , industrie , eloquence and wyt , would open them selues pathes to the attayninge of honours . But alas , other engines vse they to breake vnto it , other mynes and priuy policies , to winne this Nobilitie . Who , as they enter by a posterne , and wyndowe on the wronge side : so once entred , proue more skilful in vyces , Couetise , pryde , ambition , crueltie , then the auncientest Nobles . As though , farre longer they had learned in the Schole of noughtines . So blynde fortune theyr promoter , them promoted blynds . Whom it contenteth not , to preferre the yll , vnlesse with aucthorytie shee arme them , to make them more harmefull . Then at length honor bewrayeth him , and detecteth hys couerte ragyng Tiranny . So , who of all other weakest and most contemptuous , powerlesse and bloudlesse , barer then any Irus , coulde hurt none : they once armed wyth power , office , and honoure , as a Caruynge Sworde : learne not onelye of theyr owne nature to stynge , but also with the edge of their aucthority murther good subiectes , farre their better , godlyer , & nobler . And , for as hongry flies they crall to oftice , of the bloud & beggery of the impoueryshed , sucke the welth they wante . So these wretched vpsterts , creping first on ground , & ( as rightly Cicero termeth them ) euen bratts of the earth , begotten of them selues sodainly with theyr brightnes , port , and might , dimne the auncientest families . Whose lamps once quenchd them selues inuade the regiment . Is this true Nobility ? Is this the pathe to glory ? Hither may they aspire , who neyther dare vouche theyr father , nor can their Graundfather ? theeues of all both dyuine and humayne thynges ? or dare such , claime the gloryous & excellente title of true Nobility ? Not only riche , but good muste they bee , who seeke to attaine this prayse . Whiche hardely may they bee , who so vntowardly hie to ryches . For , true is that sayenge of the Greekes .

Neuer , vpryght man rashly riche became .

And therfore , of Silla erst in his ruffe one demaunded how hee might be honest , who hauing nought by discente , possessed so many mens substance . For hardly proue they good , who sodainly proue riche . Record of Plato in the fifth boke of his lawes . which Salomon also , of al kings the wisest proueth . Saieng , hasty enheritance at first , is neuer fortunate at laste . An other dysease eke haue these new nobles . Namely pride and vaine boast . whiles they loke not whence thes rose , but what their coffers bourd . Men say , Bucephalus the stede of Alexander the greate , vnsadled & vnharnessed , would suffer his keeper to sitte him . but once furnished with his princely bosses and trappers , abyde none but they kynge hym selfe , snuffinge and snortinge at all others . So is it wyth these new found nobles . Then whom poore and base , none more modest , peasable , or crouchinge : but once enriched , whom late they honored , forthwith dysdayne and spurne . Suche is the chaunge of theyr minde with fortune , as hee were not hee , who late he was . But let them loke to it . I accuse them not of pleasure . How be it , he accuseth not Nobilitie , who seuerely entreateth the euyl , to procure theyr amendemente . Nor speaketh hee alwayes yll , who telleth the trueth , though freely . It wyl bee worth theyr trauayle , bothe agayne , and agayne to beholde from what puddell they sprynge . For so God chasteneth Saule ; vpbrayding him his late basenes , and mysery . Wast thou not ( ꝙ he ) anoynted Kinge ouer all the tribes of Israell ; when thou waste but simple euen in thine owne sighte ? and thus lykewyse to Dauid , whome entierly hee loued . From the sheepefoldes toke I thee , to be prince of the people . Let such therfore as are dronken and reele with the meathe of newe honour , and forget the dungehil whence by God they were raysed , to the type of honour : cal to minde theyr fathers coate , and first homely cradles , and not be ashamed of the basenes of theyr natyue byrthe .

If by theyr owne vertue and commendation of wisedoms , they attaynde to this higher room , as many at this day both singulerly learned , and guyltles and sincere in life : then are they truly most honourable , and worthy a higher state . But if eyther by force , as lyons , or fraude as foxes , basest and obscurest misers be enriched by others goodes : ( I le speake noughte bitterlye of theym , onelye this I saye , ) as they quickely climed through others wrack and misery : so shall they stoope , or rather totter as spedelye . Marius the tyranne grewe to suche pride , that he forgat he had bene a smith . But mark the ende of his sodayne glorye . In one daye made Emperoure , the nexte he seemd to raygne , the thyrde he was slaine of his owne souldiour , with the sword him selfe forged . Loath I were to boade vnluckly to the Nobles of our dayes : but this I wyshe , they would ofte and earnestlye consider , whence they rose , and howe , what way , what passage they hewed theym selues to Nobilitye . Cicero in his oracion for Roscius complayneth , that vnder the conquest and empyre of Silla , the best Oratours ? and chosen counsayloures slayne and beggered , arose a familye called Grucii , whote accusers , as after Cannas fyeld . And likewyse , the Capitons , Chrisogons , courtyers of Silla , thirsting others goodes , and lyues , waxd sodainely myghtye : and triumphed ouer the riches & possessions of noblest counsayloures . Who coueit to knowe what late happd in Naples , Millan , and other realines , consulting Chronicles nothing domme therin , and listning tatling fame , eche where pratlinge of it : shal learne that Barons , Erles besides others worshipfull , were fined partly with the losse of life , partly with banishment That straunge ghests succeded , or rather roi●ted into the auncientst possessios and families of the true owners . Truly this plentiful & fruiteful haruest of Sillas tyine , was neither at Roome , nor then onely . But is at al such times , & wheres , as priuate men condemne nobles in losse of life , exile , or fine of goodes , to enter them selues on their possessions . When new come ghests displace the old inhabiitants , when eyther circumuent other , when they coine them selues heires by forged testaments , or by fraud for smal value wrye to them selues th enheritance of theyr naked neyghboure , or begge wardes of the prynce to ryfle the poore Orphanes , or by any like wycked meanes by others wracke enriche them selues . Newe shiftes and polecies haue the Nobles of these dayes , vnknowen to the elders . First to rake to them reuenues of benefices , wherin though the name of ministery they neither beare nor coueit , Beneficed not beneficial Gentlemen . yet reape they the greatest part of the profites . Bestowing on the toylinge , sweating , & swinking minister , the sma● lest parte & porcion . Of which sorte the to many such be & haue ben , euen the blind see , and such as be in authority , ought see reformed . That euerye man haue wyth his labour his hire , his guerdon with his charge . Ab●eye Gentles . Like is their risinge , who in the rasynge of monasteryes , sought not the commen but theyr priuate commoditye . Whereby manye first became and were termed gentlemen , to whom afore neyther that worshipfull name , nor so large , possessions were imparted . Whych neuerthelas , were they good men , franke housekepers , liberal , louers and mainteiners of true religion , staynde by the olde Tenants : both them selues should be lesse enuied , and others lesse iniuryed , and their newe possession more excusable . The third sorte is of Courtiers retaynens and such like . Who by the preferment of their lordes or Prynces gyftes , ●er●āuts presented . or worshipful mariages , clime to this crowne of worshippe , whiche also Cicero complaynd vnder the blondy varte of Silla and Cesar . When at the 〈◊〉 of Noble mens sec●●●●tes ▪ good ●●●s goodes and ●●●●annres 〈◊〉 ryfled . Albeit herein also , our cou●ryers passe them in sleight . For they only in that calamity , were honoured with such prayes and spoyles . But these thinke it continuallye lawefull by flattertuge theyr lordes , and hanging on the chiefest counsayloures , to watche theyr commodity and oportunitye . To catche the farme or lease they coueyte , though with the iniurye of some poore wretche , aged , creple , widowe , or orphane . wherof the folly resteth in Sillas and Cesars , and such as suffer them selues to be flattered and corrupted , to wrest from the ryghte owners , by their authorityes and commaundementes , honours , and possessions to bestowe commenly on the vnworthiest . Which Budee writynge on the Pandectes , compleyneth of ● ●au●ce , hys countrey , being mayster of the requests , borne in Parise of a noble house and honorable parentes , howe bee if Nobler for hys learnynge then hys honour . Whiche I am not here ●gre●ed to wryte , for that mischiefe farre spreadeth , and extendeth to many persons and places . That both they may be condemnd by the authority of so honourable person , and ashamed of so iust complaynt , and by wysedome and councel renoked to a better mind . By Ciceros minde ( ꝙ he ) the chiefest courtiers , in maner Princes eyes and eares , and euen of their priuye counsel , in preferringe vnfeete men , & en●talling lorelles in chiefest benefices , highest officer , & other pryses of vertue ( iustice freating thereat ) seeme to haue seared their names with perpetuall infamye , and to haue staynde theyr memorye wyth fretting and vnanoydable enuye . For what may we thynke of them , to whom the Prynce bath credited the seasonynge of yong● sutes , Yf partiall eyther for hate or affection , ouerpassyng men of greats discrecion and approued tr●fte , they entrude to suche charge eyther dreamishe doltes , or loselles , most vnworthye that credyte : or sometime not so worshipful , as famous for the yl prayer of all men to bothe ? Of which sorte are some pernicious moch Catos , who fauour the good more from the teeth forwards then with their heartes . Who seeme to me , to showe as many scarres in their forheads , as eyther they preferd such , or suppressed worthy men , wyth the mockerye of their prince . Yet , what horrible mischieues haue suche wrought ? Howe muche misery hathe happened , for the default of wiser and more worthye teachers ? All this his talke , referreth to the wordes of Cicero , wrytinge to Atticus that Pompeye hanged his name for euer , in preferring by hys authoritye one moste vnworthy to the Consulshippe . But the sonne of Aulus ( ꝙ he ) so bebaueth him selfe , that his Consulshippe is no consulshyppe , but playnely the sclaunder and infamye of Pompeye , who preferd him thereto . Thus is hit to true , both that promocions are bestowed on the vnworthy , and that theyr faultes are imputed to theyr promoters . For which onely cause , we haue also seene in England diuers excellente , good , and godlye Nobles , deadly hated and defamed , for placynge vnder theym yll and rauening rulers and officers .

Whose auarice turned not to their owne harme , but to the discredite and death of theyr innocent & guyltles patrones . Wherfore the true Nobilitye ( and chiefely princes ) must be circumspect , to whom they credite the gouernement eyther of priuate or publike affayres . For if oughte happen yll , to them the gaine turnes , the shame and checke to their placers and preferrers Nor lighteth euer the blame and punishement , on those , whose is the fault . But I ouerpasse our home happes , and soares . Muche is it to be feared least these Giantes broode , earthe byrdes , dunghil Nobles , proue the traytoures and plagues of their countrey , and treade vnder-foote the commen wealth . In Homere Achilles ragynge freateth , for vneuen honoures were layde on vnable porters . Nor plainelier ought prophecieth the neare & approching death of cities and realmes , then like accompt of good and euell : and ( as Plato sayeth ) vnmeete shoulders charged with vneuen payse .

But , how great storms and Tragedies , these new found Nobles stirre in common Weales , historyes wyll easely teache : if any man wyll either vnfolde the records of aged memory , or search and see the later presidentes . But to repeate so farre of the aunciente paterns , it greueth me truly : chiefly , for I meane not to dwel in any one part , but hie to other . And , to reuiue and rub vp greene soares , is both odyous , and superfluous , for they are grauen in the greene memory of all the quirke . Certainly , somwhat there is , that all vniuersally enuie the honours of vpsterts : and abhorre them as pernicious to common weales . Neither causeles is it , that Historiens , Poetes and Oratours , alwayes playne it in theyr monumentes . For not to touche here Caria , in times past moste flourishynge , ruyned by the multitude of new Rulers : Let vs weighe the complayntes of Oratours , in the Noblest and auncienst Cities . Demosthenes chiefe Oratour of Athenes , of all wyse men eloquentest , of all eloquent wysest , wryteth , that when Nicias , Aristides , an other Demosthenes , and other auncyente Gentlemen , gouerned the state of Athenes , they ruled farre & neare : And three score and fiue yeares held ( in manner ) a Monarchie , wyth the consente of all Greece . Had in theyr treasure , of spare money , more then tenne thousande Tallentes : The Kinges of Macedon at theyr becke , many noble shrines of victorye , ( after happely atcheued Conquests by lande and Sea ) , erected , the Common buyldinges moste sumptuously furnyshed , and pryuate homes neglected . But , since the people and newe men preaced in place , who attended on priuate mens bec●es , not serued the common wealth : the Monarchie of the Grekes , swerued to the Lacedemonians , the common dignitie waned , priuate profyte grewe , sodainly of base many became Noble , of beggers riche , the beggered fains to become their slaues , and for refection to take the reuersions of their tables . Whiche selfe same reporteth Iso●●ates in his oration of peace and other where . Of the Roman state the ●oete 〈◊〉 thus writeth as mencioneth Cicero●

Hope happ● so soo●● ye wrackd your comm●n wealth ? New lawiers ruled , fond princockes grewe by stealthe .

Also the Romyshe youth , that they onely might geue voyce in elections , wonted to tumble the auncients ouer the bridge . who once dispatched of honor , lyfe , and dygnitie : forthe with new m●● stirrd factions and discorde . As also it happened in Roome vnder the Papacye : And namely in Iulius the Seconds tyme . Who , from the Ores , ( wherewyth hee wonted to earne his alehouse halfepeny ) lyfted to the hyghest honor of the chiefe See , fildd all Realmes wyth warre , tumult , and rage . Then whome , that Churche had neuer stouter Champyon . Wherefore , like as ( as grauely warneth Paule ) a straunge vnknowen person must not be admitted to ministery in the church , as commonly proud & ignorant : so in gouerninge the state , none more insolent , none more intollerable , then new and skillesse nobles● raysed from the Carte to the Courte , from the rascalles to the Nobles , or to any rule or excellencie of Nobylytie . Whom not vnfeetely , with Homere may wee Imagine borne of Oke and Flint : both for theyr basest birth , and theyr Flintie and Iron harte . As wel Eustathius , ●he playnest interpreter of Homere , blaseth it . For this is moste true .

Nought souwerer then a shrub , when once hee springth alofte .

For , so giddieth and ouerbeareth him the prosperous gale of Fortune , that ( in maner past him selfe ) he forgetteth what hee was , what hee is , and what hee ought bee . Where in deede howe muche higher hee is , so muche more lowly , humble , and gentle , should hee shew him selfe . These so enchaunted and dronken , with the charme and Hippocrace of new honour , I wishe to imitate the humble highnes of Agathocles : needfull president for all Nobles to folow . So shall they both bee myndefull of theyr former state , and not shake or trouble Common weales , and aspire to the hygher place by vertue , not vice , by industry , not malice , or pollecy : and hit gotten gouerne iustly , modestly , and vprightly . For he though the Sonne of a potter , yet cald to the Crowne of Sicyle , not forth with proudly dysdained the rest , but surmounted them all in humblenes : not shooke , but setled eche state : not vaunted hee was kinge , but playnely professed , he was once an earthen potter . Of whom thus writeth Auson●us .

Men say , Kyng Agathocles fed in potters plate . And charged with Samian claye , his table where hee sate , acp whych , hys golden Chargers serued in would hee see , And myngled all in one , hys pryde and pouertie . Wherof this cause he gaue , I loe , who now am kynge Of Sicyle , late of potter poore was simple of sprynge . Lear● hence , your Roomes to reuerence ye that clyme And honourd begger know thy former tyme .

For on his table , besides goblets , he caused also earthen pots to be placed , which in maner of encouraginge , hee wonted to shewe to youngemen . And pointing to the earthen , said . Suche I made . Shewinge the golden . Suche I make by trauaile , diligence , & courage . So had he euer tofore his eyes the basenes of his beginninge & science . Least at any time , pufte vp by prosperytie , he mighte forget hys olde beynge , and proudly disorder , & confounde all thinges . Suche Agathocles it is expedyente oure newe Nobles bee . Which would they , it were to be wyshed , they were more , and theyr greater estymation by all meanes procured . For none but vicious , wyl not loue & reuerence them , in whom vertue shineth , & the nobility of honesty glistereth . In whiche sorte of praise that heretofore haue ben , and presently are many syngular & excellente : is none so deuoyde of common sence , who heareth and seeth not . Nor meant I by my longe talke , to dysproue there were suche : but to shew that others ( of whome I feare the number ) are no righte Nobles . For , Vicious Nobylity whereas tofore wee denied , the onely Nobilitie of birth , to be hit wee seeke and misse : shal we thinke this what s● it be , new or olde , cloggd wyth vyces , to bee hit ? If any bee perhappes , who stole vp by shifts and sleights , feedes on myschiefe and rauenynge , lyues by and in slaughter , who is a bane and burthen to him selfe and others : hym shall wee deeme a righte Noble man ? Muche may Stoically bee sayd of a slaue and thrall of vyces , a wordly foole , or who is in deede free , wyse , good , or euen a man at all . But I referre the Reader to Ciceros Paradoxes , there grauely discoursing them . Where he shal learne , that the rychest , best borne , heades of cities , whom grauen golde and Tapistry , Images & Tables honour : notwithstanding , if they defraud any , gape for others right , forge Testaments , ●o●ite or catche others goods , thrall them selues to vices , not chiefly reuerence vertues : are fooles , though costly and courtly : poore , notwithstandynge theyr groaning chestes , yf barren minded , most filthy slaues , and to conclude , beastes . But that reasoninge I leaue to the Stykes and Cicero : the readynge to good and studious Gentlemen .

Hetherto haue I seuerally discoursed certaine partes of Nobilitie . Both that auncient , whiche is borne wyth the man , and this new , which spryngeth from it selfe . Wherin , if eyther the firste haue no other grounde then bloud , or this laste bee purchased or mayntayned by yll meanes : wee haue farre remoued eyther from the true , & liuely counterfaite of Nobilitie .

If ther ? oughte be any estate of Idle Nobility . Now ioyntly som what farther wyl we suppose of either . And ouerpassing other faultes , wherto it wonts to bee thrall , consider ( for wee meane to examine all poyntes as farre as seemeth good ) such a Noble man , ( if any suche be ) or ( if none suche ) imagine him , sith either he might or may be : who is neither enflamed with cruelty nor chafed with anger , nor boyled with ambicyon , nor whelmed or ouerborne wyth couetise , nor rakes by hoke and croke , nor purchaseth by force , fraude , or like croked meanes , his forged Noblesse , nor encreaseth it gotten by disloyall practises , iniuryes none : but maynetayneth him selfe and his , wyth hys owne goodes and enherytaunce , with them contenteth him selfe , in them reposeth him selfe : but yet neither applieth any study , nor gouernth any commen charge , but licenciously roames in ryot , coasting the stretes with wauering plumes , hangd to a long side blade , & pounced in silkes . And so braue vaunts him selfe to the simple sorte , garded with a rout of seruaunts . Learns nought but customably , & courtlike to entertaine gentlemen , to cal the king his lord with ii . or .iii. French , Italian , Spanishe , or such like termes , to greete a stranger , and knowe the courtlike titles , your lordship your grace , your maiesty , bestowing them in conuenient times , & with courtly grace and brauery : to be short , in feasting , dainty feeding , ryot , Venus stelths , Mars combattes , huntinge , haukinge , dise , & Tables , nought doyng , at home sleping , abroad toyeng , yll weares and wastes the good while ouerpasseth whole daies , & most parte of the nights , in vaine & fruteles tryfles : This noble man consider we , and shewe what we iudge of thys idle and voluptuous life . For the not spoilyng others , for the mayntenance of theyr priuate pleasures , not to prayse , were hard . But in flowing with licentious idlenesse , applieng no honest labour or exercise , with such one crime & guylt they stayne them selues , as compryseth thother & is deemd the mother & beldame of al mischieues . For , fyrst they offende in neglecting artes , & contemning learnyng : traitours to al noble knowledges . Whence springeth ignorance , linkd with contempt & hate of al thrift And , for the motion of the mind ceasseth not , but is euer busyed in somewhat : it happth , that eyther in base & fruitlesse worldly trifles , or thefts , or extorcions , or innumerable mischieues , their deuices are spent . Nor Cupide but they chase idlenes , hath loste his bowe , nor quenchd lye the flames & brands of lust . Wherfore , though a while it neyther iniury nor wrong any , yet wil it spede lye , bothe purchace infamye to the good , stayne to the chast , and blemishe to the iust . So as nowe it is not ease , but the concourse , medlay , and synke of all sinne . But let be this armye of vices , wherewith idlenes wonteth to be garded and accompanied . And enquire we onelye of an Idle noble man Truly , yf any be that neither knowes nor coueytes learning , nor in trauaile of his body , or exercise of mind , passeth the course of his weary life : but spendeth his yeares in pleasure ease & rest : haunteth plaies , feastes , bathes & bankettings , and vseth this vicious trade and custome : ( though spending onely on his owne stocke , his fathers gyfte ) nor seeketh or compasseth , but how to rise nobler , richer , or welthier : nor is beautified with any excellent ornament , al be he not spotted with monstrous cruelty , couetise , or mischiefe : yet so farre am I from deeming him a ryght noble man , as I allowe him not so much as one ynche of Nobility . This heare all ye Nobles , both newe and auncient : and for it is true , credite it . That this careles , sluggyshe , and rechelesse Nobility , repugneth wyth the lawes both of God and man , and oughte by the same be punyshed . Yea , playnely I professe , any suche vocation prescrybed in holy wryte , coulde I hytherto neuer fynde . For it suffiseth not eche holde what he hath , and that enioye not spoylynge others : nor he dischargeth his dutye , who onely not hurtes : but who faythfullye perfourmeth not what God commaundeth , is guyltye and accessary to haynous cryme , and in daunger of iudgement . For all we are charged to labour , not licensed to sytte and slepe by our gotten goodes : not to content our selues with others laboures , but forced to bende our boanes to the croked plough , and sweat at worke . For as soone as Adam mans fyrst parent fell , forthwyth he heard● God the moste wyse and iust lawegeuer , pronounce thys smart sentence .

In the sweate of thy browe shalt thou eat thy bread . whych extendeth not to Adam onely , but generally to al Adams and all hys posterity , no man , no Noble , no King , no Emperour exempted . By this curse are they charged to labour , in the sweat of their browes , to eate theyr bread as the hindes of the almighty god & lorde . But it nedeth not ( say they ) they should moyle them selues with needles & superfluous toile . Sith by gods hand al necessaries are abundantly ministred them , al thinges plenty with them , & sufficient left of theyr parents , wel & worshipfully to mainteine them , and furnyshe theyr estate . But if they scorne to beare this yoake of laboure , with Adam , with theyr fathers , with theyr brethren , if in slouth idlenes , & lasines they suffer houres & daies to slyde : they shal yeld to god the most seuer auditour , accompt of theyr mispent time , al wer they Cresus , Crassus , or Midas , and possessed syluer Vynes , golde mountes , all beare they Chayne , Brooche , or Iewel on theyr coarse . And though perhappes of custom they presume , this ought of right pryuyledge bee pardoned them , and neyther accompte of theyr lyfe mysled nor tyme loste , nor fyne for theyr idlenes exacted : yet , wil they be faultlesse , wil they escape vnpunished , they must attende , not what is licensed or permitted emonges a fewe men , but what by Gods worde they may . For this gappe opened not lawes , but lycencious custome , not ciuile ordinance but corrupted tymes . Reuerende antiquitye nor vsed , nor meante it . But more by deedes than wordes , and yet by wordes sufficiently , condemneth this lewdnes and ydlenes in gentrye . Hit is therefore labour worthe , to displaye here the aunciente , busye and paynefull life : that our Nobilitye may euer caste theyr eyes to this antiquytye , and hit propose theym selues for paterne . Fyrste the Iewishe Prynces sawe this laboryous lotte of Adam , pertayned to them as his posteritye . As the Noble Noah the Vyne setter , Abraham and Isaac well myners , Iacob the shepeheard , as all the rest : eyther shepeheardes , Husbandmen , Artificers , or earnest toylers in some fruitefull trauayle . Not with ease effeminate , or nice with pleasure , lashd oute ( as Penelopes woers , theyr welth in feasting & banketting . Shall onely these men then exempt them selues , from the law indifferentlye geuen all men ? Sith these Patriarches so thoughte , and that taught by theyr liues : shal not our nobles measure them selues by the same meatrod of manhood ? Who , would or could they read auncient monuments , should sufficientlye see what were the trauailes of the Paganes , with howe many labours their life was laden : how idlenes was algates punished in whatsoeuer estate , degree , or dignitye , and that by some commodious trauayle , and commendable sweat , they earned this name and honour amonges theyr people . For albeit some Romaines borowed their forefathers names as the Vitellians , Antonies , Mamilians , Naucians , Sergians , Cecilians , Cluentiās , Iulians , Acmiliās who deriued their surnames either from Eneas or his sonnes , or felow exiles : or of the Sabines , or other auncient people : yet both endeuored they stoutly to deserue them , & were for the most part , farther termed either for their excellent wisedome Sages , as the Catons , Brutes , or surnamed of other vertues . As emonges the Greekes some Beneficiall , Brotherlye , Sauioures , ●monges the Romaynes , Godlye , Fauourers of the Commens . Or of conquered cities , as Coriolane , Isaurike , Numidian , Asiatike , Achayke , Macedon , of such realmes and cities . Or of other noble feates either of warre , or peace , as Runner , Lingerer , Chaynd , Valiant , Conquerer , and Drusus , for he slew the king Drausus : and Valerius the greatest , for he reconciled the lordes & commens . Or of their sugred eloquence , as Pleasant , wel-spoken , Attike , and others infinite . As they therfore , not for they were riche , meante to wither in idlenesse : so nor ought oures , for they be noble ware starke & stiffe . Nay rather , so much the busier it behoueth them to be in all exercise , as wel of minde as bodye , to suppresse growinge vice , and cutte of the buddynge baytes of euell , whyche the poore wante . To chasten and subdue theyr bodyes , that they become not to wanton , with the abundance of fortunes giftes : & finally so maister them selues , as they may honest their stocke answere theyr name , accomplishe the great expectacion conceaued of them . Least otherwyse they become desperately vicious , lycentious lybertines , wantonly froward , excessyue ryche , noughtily Nobles , and altogether dissolute . Sith hereto their many baites , and slipper traynes allure them . Let them pervse the whole bible . Yet shall they not ( I thinke ) finde any Idle degree instituted , or once named of god . In Moyses , and the Christian common welth , Kinges , Iudges , Souldiours , and riche men haue their roomes . And to eche sorte theyr charge prescrybed . Of whose number if Nobles bee , ( as if they wyll bee , they muste ) they are doubtles bounde to theyr labours and taxes . Plato and Aristotle in ordeyninge theyr Common Welthes , admitte n● Idle state , nor sluggishe Nobilytie . But appoint all eyther husbandmen , or Craftsmen , or Marchants , or hired Seruants , or wardeins , or gardeins . But what is the cause , why Nobles may not labour ? For they be honorable ? But , are not all worldlye creatures , howe much more excellente and precious , so muche more enwrapped in restles laboure ? Nothing more honourable then the heauenly army , the sonne , the Moone , the s●erres , nothing in the whole worlde more beautyfull or excellente . Yet leapeth the Sonne forth as a Gyant to runne his course .

The moone taketh charge of the night , & serueth men , plants , liuinge creatures . The starres rise and set . To conclude , euery creature labours & trauailes . For , euen the noblest beasts , and Princeliest fowles are bounde by this law : and most wretchedly captiued to dayly & nightly toyle , if they happe on myserable and cruel lords . Of fowles the Eagle , of beastes the Lyon , and Elephant , of tamer beasts , Axen and such like . To whom , ( besydes the shadowed Images of certayne vertues , which the vniuersal consent of al writers aloweth them , as of swiftnes , strength stomake , godlines , Iustice , Prudence ) this is peculier : to digge them selues and theyr whelpes caues , to puruey theyr foode and other necessaries , with their owne laboure . None of them , that eyther flyeth not , as Eagles , or eareth not as Oxen , or gallopth not as Horses , or senteth not as Houndes .

Thus reasonles beasts performe their duties , and denie not the Noble man at due tymes , theyr woll , mylke , laboure , and Seruice . They are euer prest to serue hym , beare burthens , suffer strypes , daye and nyghte are plaged , and yet shrynke not from theyr dutie . Shall onely then theyr Lorde , ( Brute beastes labourynge ) , sitte Idle and sluggyshe ? Credytynge them ( whyle hee snorts ) , to feede so many hongrie mawes ? In hope , Fortune wyll fyshe for hym whyle hee sleepes , and poore Cattell brynge home hys wantes , and in maner poore meate in hys mouthe ? The Lorde sayeth the Fowle was made to flee , and man to laboure . Where vnder ( Man ) hee encludeth all estates . Salomon the wysest prince , posteth them not to these Pryncely creatures , but to the symple Ant. Sayenge , goe sluggard to the Ant , marke her paths , so to become wise . Without mayster , teacher , or chastner , shee prouideth her foode in sommer , and in haruest stoares her barnes . How longe wilt thou sluggarde snorte ? wylt thou neuer awake ? Loe Salomon deemth a sluggard worse then the Ant. But him termeth hee sleepy , who but a litle slombers , and somwhat lasely retcheth oute hys armes . Loe man lifted to honor vnderstandeth not , but is resembled to beastes , and compared to brutishe creatures , as songe Dauid this kinges father , the kingly prophete . If then the scripture , by proposing vs simple creatures prouoke vs to worke , if it be sufficiently and euydently proued , that eche excellentest creature in his kinde , is not for his Noblesse exempted from labour : nor ought the priuilege of Nobilitie be pretended , for an excuse and vayle of Idlenes in oure Nobles , to purchace them vacation , and ( as forworne Souldiours ) a pastporte . But rather the better and Nobler they are , the more ought they vpraise their courage therto . As stronger beastes beare greater burthens .

Will you then ( wyll some happely say ) set hie borne lordes , Husband dry not dispysed of the auncient Nobilytie . to plough and Cart ? I cal them not therto , but onely prouoke them to labour . The certaintie and specialtie I limite not . Howebeit , if I shold moue them to the practise of some honest art , or euen of husbandry , what hurt ? For , nor therein should they beginne any newe presydent , nor greatly disparagethe brightnes of theyr honor : if eyther they credite antiquitie , or examples , or the manifest reasons of wryters , and the sound iudgement of the good . For , to speake of husbandry not what I thinke but knowe , and haue red : antiquytie thought nought more liberal , nought worthier a Noble man . Nor was hit erst , as nowe , counted a base and contemptuous state , which Consuls , lordes , and Prynces , whiche kinges and Monarches coueited . Whiche to proue , first of the Romans , and then of others wyl I borrowe somwhat , which may serue to double purpose . Bothe , that oure Nobles maye imitate the labourious antiquytie of the auncyents , with lyke successe : and also to shewe , that euen the auncyentest Nobles , esteemd and vsed tyllage . For , wee reade , that euen from the Ploughe to the Senate , from theyr Coate to the Councell , from Tyllage to offyce , many stoute and worthy men were calld . For. L. Quintius Cincinatus , then held the Ploughe , when newes came to hym , hee was chosen Dictator . Cato th elder writeth in Cicero , he was merueilously rappt with the loue of Husbandry , which hee affirmeth most sibb to a wyse mans lyfe . And therefore many , for theyr merueylous and incredible delighte therein , gaynd them selues many surnames , whyche for honours sake descended to posterytie . And those not base or obscure famylies , but euen of the Noblest and most famous . Hence came the surnames of Hoggyshe , Sheepyshe , Asses , Swinishe . Hereby , of the pulse Cycer was Tully named Cicero , of pease Piso , of beanes Fabius , of Lintelles , Lentulus , and lykewyse dyuers other . Yea the Iunians refused not the name of herds , the Valerians of milkers , the Licinians of spriggs , the Statill●ns of bulles , the Annians of Goates , nor the Pomponians of Calues . Naye rather they chearelye culd them as honourable tytles , and carefullye retaynd them , to them and theyr posterytie . And thus muche of the Romans . Nowe somewhat of others . Homere , in whose tales ( yf they bee tales ) is formed and shaped the Image of the auncyentest mauners , Imagyneth in hys Odyssees , Laertes the olde man , the Lord and Kyng of Ithaca , the father of Vlisses , deluynge , tillinge , sowinge , and dounginge . That the practise of husbandry was also familyer to Kynges , the example of Cirus the younger , proueth . Who accounted it no stayne , paynefully with hys owne hands to sowe whole fyeldes , to graffe in his Orcharders , cut & border flowers and Herbes in hys Garden , and curyously to plant hys trees in seemly order . Nay , when Lisander , the Lacedemonian Legate , came to hym with presentes , vaunted to him , that all hee sawe , him selfe had sowed and set . Whereat he wondring , and viewinge hys purple Roabes , hys bodies beautie , the sumptuous Persian ornaments , embrawderyes of golde and pearle , amased cryed out . Justly O Cirus men deeme the happy , sith in the vertue and Fortune meete . For so almoste translated it Cicero out of Xenophon . Wherfore learned men , for they see this laboure greately accepted and honoured of the Consuls and lords of Roome , and the auncient grekes and kinges , thinke it not vnmeete or vnfittinge to oure Nobles .

Noble mens children taught arte● . Further , not so vnseemely seemeth it to many Sages , that Noble mens sonnes should learne some arte . For , sith Fortune standynge on vnstable wheele , & in smal moments sweyenge vpside downe , bothe may & wonteth to chaunge her cheere : it may happe ( saye they ) whome pleasaunt and mery shee raysed to the highest fane of honoure , the same frowning and froward , shee may whyrle lowest . Dionisius kinge of Sicile deposed from his kingdome , was dryuen to kepe a schoole . And wheretofore he ruled men , then ruled boies So , if any tyme they want , they haue wherewyth to succoure theyr nede .

For euer the arte maynetayneth the artsman . But neede they not ? Theyr arte lades them not . Nor is any burthen lighter . Therfore , that oure forefathers dischargd the Nobles of baser craftes , was not for they shoulde walowe and freese in ydlenes : but to practise warlike feates , and employe good artes . For not all arces are base and filthye , so as we ought be ashamed of theyr knowledge . This therfore is ( as I haue sayde ) the aduice of many , deeminge not altogether euel , nor as me seemeth wholly to be condemned . For heretofore both the custome was , and by written lawe decreed emonges the Athenians , that chyldren at th age of discrecion should be brought to occupacions , the instrumentes of eche scyence layde before theym . Where , to whatsoeuer tooles anye voluntarilye ranne , those was he taughte . Wherefore , if Noble ympes woulde spende some porcion of theyr youth , in learninge any profitable or commendable arte , it were not discommendable . Naye rather , theyr earnest will , and modest labour , were hyghlye to be praised . Forasmuch as , therby nought should they lessen theyr estimacion , and yet prouoke many others by their commendable example to greater diligence . At least , this rather ought they do than nothing , or liue idellye . So shall not theyr childhood and youth passe wholy fruiteles , & many vices shall they kyll which ydlenes to fertile of sin , breedes Right oft haue I heard many Nobles cloyed with ease , complayne their werines . Knowing not howe to passe the long dayes , & therfore wishe them shorte which plaint shall ceasse if herein they will sometime vouchesafe to exercyse them selues , and taste the commen trauayles , miseries , and grieues . So shal they both better spare the crooked plowman , and them selues enioye not altogether vayne delight , & mock the time with profitable pleasure : to conclude , please lesse them selues , god more . But other I confesse , & those moste weightye charges some haue , chiefly princes Who be they good , care , howe , counsayle , watche , commen with theym selues , their counsaile , while others chiefely theyr subiectes , careles snorte at home . Which duties of Nobilitye , ( god willing ) I will prosequute in my other bookes , as occasion serueth .

But hitherto I assent to this opinion , so it want a couetous & nigard minde and measure be vsed , and other poore labourers not pinched of theyr profite and this trauaile , referred rather to the refreshinge of theyr myndes , then the heapyng of coyne .

Busines neuer wanteth a noble man , yf he caste his eyes through hys house , through the commen wealth . Chiefelye , yf inwardes he behold hys mynde , he shall euer see somewhat , to be learned , vnlearned , knowen , vnknowen , folowed , fled , amended , altered , and wyth all care and heedefulnes to be pursued .

But herein haue I dwelt the longer , for I would perswade , that no sorte of honest labour ought be despised .

Chiefely , sith the aunciente Iewes , Romaines , Greekes , lordes and kynges , refused it not . But ( howsoeuer ) laboure they must . For Paule chargeth euerye man to abide in his callynge , and not betray the standinge by God credyted bym . The lawes beare not droanes , but punyshe them . Erasmus also enstructyng Charles the fyft , deemth slouthful Nobles , & vnlearned Princes , worse then Sowters or Hindes . Yf any therfore passe the boundes of his callynge , and forsake his duty , preferring idlenesse before trauayle : he is neyther of God calld , nor of men ought be placed in this reuerende roome . But the desire of briefenes , and the long residue of our purpose , reuokes vs from the chase of this false and shaded Nobilitye When as yet we had but entred to it . In blasinge whiche , notwitstandinge , we were therefore the longer that we myght be bryefer in the rest . For thus the contrarye knowen , the true , most honourable , and royall nobilitye brighter shyneth . We haue shewed therfore , that farthest wander from this scope a lewde sort of roisters and mocknobles . Onely in name and title , not in deede Noble . As farr wide are they , who are ioyntly pryestes and Nobles . Nor alwaies are these well borne gentlemen , muche lesse vpstertes and slippes the true Nobles , chieflye if eyther firste they rise by crooked meanes , or risen geue them selues to yll practises . To whom ioyne those that lyue in idlenes . Now therfore must our nobles diligentlye endeuour , to shonne this counterfayt descried noblesse , and embrace the true . For hitherto , in miserable maner hathe it swerued from the auncient state , and lost her former flower and dignity . which howe it maye be recouered , and perfectly restored , henceforth we must treate .

¶ THE SECOND booke of Nobility ,

SYthe therefore these foure sortes , as vnworthy this honourable title , are worthely reiected from so highe honour : Who so , in al his maner and trade of lyfe , is most vnlike them , most resembleth a noble man . Who suttelye insinuateth not him selfe , for such as he is not who is no traytor or rebel to his state , who boasteth not the brightenes or auncientye of his byrthe , but proueth him selfe worthy them . Who swelleth not with accesse of honour , or purchaseth enuy by vice , or importunitye : but scaleth honours honestly , growing in fauour through commendable vertue well gouerneth them gotten , and lothinge ydlenes , buselye executeth hys To charge , and to be short .

To me the good is Noble , poore or riche .

Wherby the Poet adiudgeth a good man , a ryght Noble man . For albeit some receyue Nobility deliuered them ( as it were ) other fynde it : Yet neither all they whose auncestrye longe lasted are borne Nobles , nor these new men made Nobles , by whatsoeuer meanes But the fyrst , by suinge the steppes of theyr good auncestoures : these by pursuyng the path , that Hercules is sayd to haue proposed . Of whom Cicero reporteth oute of Prodicus the Sophister , that seynge two pathes , he tourned to the ryght not lefte : and leauynge pleasure the flatterynge dame and the baytes of vices , lystned vertue a thryftye and sober mayden , sadlye and soundlye disputynge , assented to her , and serued her . And this is that Nobilitye that fylleth the thyrde roome , when wyth stocke and forreyne Noblesse , the inwarde ornamentes and vertue , ( the true honour of the mind ) are matched . As Antisthenes defynd wel borne , well manerd . But vertue , albeit in whatsoeuer home it harboureth , is euer one aye like it selfe : Yet ( I wot not howe ) more shineth and glistereth in a noble man . Nor coueteth so muche the shade as Sunne , the couerte as the open lyght , the darke and shady laundes , as bryght and Sunnye mountes , where resort and assembly is most frequente . For both she honoureth her place , and is honoured by suche subiecte , as sheweth it most apparent , and where she brightest shines . This therfore I adde That no base or meane vertue , is requisite in a Noble man , but euen the noblest and hyghest . So as , the deuine bountye and grace assistynge him , he maye wysely and tymely mynde , and diligently and faythfullye compasse , those thynges , whyche most besee me I saye not a man , or free borne , but euen a Noble man . For to such perfection who so is Noble , is thoughte to haue scaled : not onely to haue attaind what is common to all . For in being men partakers of speache and reason , we differ from brute beastes . In beynge free , we excel bondmen , or those of seruile nature : as fooles , or dolts vnfeet for all partes of life . Or Villens by warre , in whom natheles , oft lurketh secreate fredome and gentry , though mastred by Villenage , it dare not peepe out . As the bird Attagen , albeit of nature tatling , yet taken is sayd to ware ●umme . But farre more is it to bee a Noble man . Who , as hee excelleth in honor , so ought to excede in vertue . If others creepe , they ought runne , if others runne , hit them behoues to flie . Nor onely flie , ( for flight is commen to eche rascal fowle , ) but noble Eagles must they bee . Whom as many geue in theyr armes , so god graunt they resemble . For as they she swifter and sore higher then others : so nor ought Nobles stoope to the Car●on of the world , nor bee sibbe to vyces and filth of the rascal sorte , nor debase them selues to the basenes of viler varlets , but soare on highe and seke the loftyest . Neyther are Nobles causeles compared to Egles . For as they are quenes o● Nobles therfore , as well who are famous by discent of auncestrie , as who first purchace Nobility by vertue and polecy : I exhort , and s●irre , to the contemplacion of this true Nobilitie . I spoyle not your house or auncestrie of theyr due glory , but admit it : Coueytinge yet , to amplifie and enriche it with an other ornament . This is the true & only path , to all praise , dignity , & Nobility : to dispise in respect of this Christ , all pompe . Without whom , nought in this world may bee stable , high , stately or Noble . Not kinne , not contrey , not parents , not petigrees , not Noblesse of lengthned line , not length , bredthe , heighte , or depthe . What braggest thou then thy stately enseignes , or thy vayne armes ? Wherto attemptest thou to spred , and roote in earth , the memory of thy name to all eternitye ? It is writen in Ecclesiasticus , the lorde wyll roote oute the rootes of the proud , all bee it they assay to delue and graue them , neuer so deepe in earth . And the Prophete Esay witnesseth , he turneth the mighty to nought and empouerysheth the lordes of the land , so as they neither plant nor sowe , nor theyr stocke spreadeth . who withereth them with his breath , & causeth the wherlwynde to tosse them as strawe . And albeit fooles and doltes , as Dauid termeth them , seke to leaue their children infinite substaunce , and to roote theyr seates and memory for euer , and name whole lands after them : yet shal they not longe last in price and honor . But theyr beauty wither , theyr buildinges molte , them selues rott like dienge beastes . Yea truly , all can they vouche infinite auncestours , & grandsyers , possesse they whole myllyons of Coyne , add hereto , be they beautifyed with vertues , and furnyshed wyth all those partes of Nobilitie whiche erste wee mencioned : but they ioyne hereto Iesus Christ , the piller , crest , and perfection of al Nobillty : nought worth are all these whiche moste are prysed , and accompted moste precious . Be thou auncienter then Adam , stronger then Sampson , wyser , rycher , and more learned , then Salomon , more vprighte then Abraham : Haue thou moste Noble and vertuous auncestours , possesse thou all goods , purchase thou all vertues , be skylful in al thynges , be thou Noblest , beste , hyghest , and learnedst yet not but in Chryste onely , mayest thou bee termed Noble : yet shalt thou remaine anvnprofitable seruant For , wyth God is no accompte or respecte , eyther of stocke , honoure or person , eyther of deserte or dignytie : but throughe Christe Iesus . For ye see For ye see brethren , ( sayeth Paule ) ye are calld not many wyse , as to the fleash : not many mightie , not many Noble : But god chose the foolishe of the worlde , to shame the wyse : the weakest to confounde the myghtie : and basest , and moste contemptuous , and suche as were not , to abolyshe the thynges that are . That no flesh might glory in his sighte . Albeit who clensed Naaman the Sirian , the generall of hys Prynces armie , and counsailour of greatest authoritie with his lorde ( as witnesseth the holy ghost , in the second chapter of the fift of the kynges ) taught hym to professe his true confession , and not reiected him : who cald the Noble chamberlaine of Candace Queene of Ethiope , treasurer of all hir Iewels , to acknowledge his trueth : wyll also admit Nobles , if first they seeme to them selues vnnoble : so they folow Christ , the prince and spring of al Nobility . Who being in forme of God , thought no robbery his equalitie with god . But so farre humbled him self , that taking on hym a seruile forme , hee became lyke men , and in shape a man . So lowe abiected hym selfe , that hee was obedient euen to death , yea the death of the crosse , as we reade in the second Chapter to the Philippians . But that this may more plainly appeare , and the Nobles vnderstand how they ought folow christ , let them a while with me recount his high humilitie , and noble basenes . Far different is his and the worlds Nobilytie . Christes Nobility . As neare as the East and West , the heauen & earth . For of how base , how infamous line ( good God ) as to hys manhoade , descended hee ? Not of the aunciente Monarches of Assiria , Persia Greece : but of the scorned Iewes Abraham , Isaac , Iacob , shepheardes . Not of Queenes or Coye Ladyes , but of Thamar , Ruth , Rachel , either strangers , or harlots . And in clothinge hys godheade with fleshe , would not be fathered of August then Emperour , or any other Monarche : but chose Ioseph the carpenter his Father , Mary an humble Mayde h●s Mother . Not at Hierusalem , but in Bethlem was hee borne .

Nor laye in princely downe , or proude Palayce , but in maunger swathed with bratts . Nor wente hee garded with greate trayne of Seruaunts , but picked oute his Disciples , Fishermen and Publicanes : to whome as Seruaunt hee serued . Nor haunted he the scornefull Courts : but more beggerly then Birdes or Foxes , had neyther benne nor neast to couche hys heade . Nor roade he on moile , but asse , accompanyed with no gards , but enfants and sucklinges cryenge Hosanna : and the lame , blynde , and deaffe limpinge after . Nor fared he sumptuouslye , but fasted in the desert , thirsted , hongred . Nor bare he armes , but pryntes of nayles , woundes , whiplashes , and the crosse , which for our sake he bare . He rose , as witnesseth Esaye , as a sprygge or roote , out of a drye thirstye ground , where in is neyther shape nor seemelynesse , the worldes scorne , a soppe of sorowe , a pacient of all infirmityes , bearer of our grieues , a simple sheepe ledde to slaughter , and dombe lambe , not bleatyng before the shearers .

And yet his Genealogye who maye blase ? Blush not , for I propose ye this Chryst as paterne : Blushe not ( though noble ) to humble your selues as base : thoughe ryche , to be poore in spyryte , thoughe somewhat , to accompt oure selues as nothynge . But by his president laye of your pryde , your stomacke your plumes . Prostrate your selues and youres at his feete . Submitte your Nobilitye , maces , Scepters , and armes to hym . Nothynge weygh your discents , your petigrees , though fette from farthest auncientye . Fleshe Bloud , Circumcision , and forreyne happes , what other are they in respect of this Nobilitye , then rubbyshe , as Paule termeth them . Condemneth he not the auncienties and Genealogies of the Iewes ? Reiecteth he not the carnall sonnes of Abraham , when the Iewes boasted Abraham theyr father ?

For this Nobilitye is carnall , mannyshe , durtye , sadinge , incertayne , whyche God can euen of stones rayse . Be not then ashamed of this his leadyng : Blushe not of Chryste , whome god hath nowe aduaunced with highest honour , and geuen a name aboue all names , euen Iesu : whereto al knees howe , as well heauenlye , earthlye , as vnder the earth . He once inglorious , nowe glorifyed , wyll heaue ye to the selfe same glorye . He humble wyll rayse ye hyghe . He poore will enryche ye . He vnnoble , will make ye moste noble . Nor wyl he reeue the Nobility ye haue , but geue ye grace to vse it .

Then this Nobility nothyng nobler . Nor ought more honourable then he , whoe borne to God , regenerate in Chryste , stampynge forreine pomye reposeth hym selfe in this heauenlye and Chrystyan Gentrye : who is begotten not of bloude , not of the wyll of fleshe or man .

Of this father , thys brother , these auncestoures who so is borne , is both moste happelye and trulye Noble .

Gloryenge not in him selfe , but God . For he nor stayneth , nor blemysheth but honoureth his parentes .

Nor leaneth onelye on theyr shadowe but to the prayses receyued of his auncestoures addeth his owne , and heapeth theyr gyftes wyth hys : worthelye reuerenceth vertue , yea more then the meaner sorte , for he is Nobler .

Yet contemneth nobilitye , honoures , yea his vertues , good deedes , and deemeth hym● selfe aboundantlye honoured in Chryste , not nobled or bettred by them .

Neuertheles , stantelye and wyth Gentylmanly courage , marcheth forwardes , in good workes , and trauayleth in excellent actions , prepared of God for euery man , accordynge to to his dignity● , power , and offyce to waine in . But what der des and dutyes pertayne to Noble men , we wyll nowe perticulerlye describe , so farre forth , as our lord Chryst , the mayster of all truthe , and teacher of al knowledge , hath reuealed vnto vs . Wherby they may attaine to the siluer roūt of glorye , whych floweth from God , and glistereth in the exercise and practyse of vertue .

These thus determyned , syth sufficientlye it appeareth , What ma●●● thinge ●●ue No bilitye is . what is the true pathe to perfect Nobilitye : it remayneth we shewe , what maner thynge it is , and wyth what ornamentes of vertues it ought b● cladde . Infinite were to exprects , and orderly to recken the noumber and summe of at her vertues . For all suche as seuered are in the rascall rable , oughte generallye to foyne , and thronge in a Noble man Onelye the generall kyndes it shall suffyce to shewe , whereto Nobilitye oughte rayse theyr mindes and eyes and by theym as the rule of lyfe , eramyne all theyr deedes and dutyes . Whyche , albeit for the moste parte they maye be also applyed to others . yet as Erasinus in framyng a preacher , Cicero , an Emperoure , and Oratoure , recken certayne vertues , not alwayes peculyer to theym , but commen wyth others : so wyll we ( God belpinge ) prescribe and assygne● certayne preceptes of orderynge noblye and honourablye the lyfe : whyche if not altogether , at least chyefely seeme proper to Nobles . For of others , neither is so great perfection requyred , nor can they accomplyshe all , for they wante the helpes the others haue , and are not asigned to lyke watche and warde .

Wherefore as they beare other state , place , & offyce in the commen welth : so in teachynge and enstructyng them otherwyse oughte we proceede , and farre vnlyke order and meane obserue . Let vs therefore settle to it .

But thys notwythstand●nge shall be no newe institucion of Nobilitye , inuented or Imagined by me , but confyrmed

The fyrste Chanell therefore of theyr dutye , and fountayne of all wysedome , is the feare of the Lorde .

Namelye , the true vnstayned worship of God , and sincere relygyon . Wherwyth Noble men , must euen from theyr cradles be seasoned . I meane not that they learne onelye to knowe God : For euen the Gentyles knowe hym : and Hermes , Pythagoras , Socrates , denyed not there is but one God .

And Plato confesseth the knoweledge , wisedome , and power of God moste certayne : and the ignoraunce thereof manyfest blyndes and wickednes .

For the lawe establyshed first in Iewry , and spreading from Syon and Hierusalem , to the Chaldees and Egipcians , thence ouerspedde Afryke and Asye . Whence deriued into Greece , oute of Greece it was shypped into Italye , Fraunce ; and other costes of Europe . So as there is none , whose mynde thys opinion of God hathe not pearced . Of the Philosophers , some doubted what he was But all affirmed he was .

Some termed him the being of all beinges , and first mouer , as Aristotle . Others an euerlastinge minde and God as Cicero . Nor any time was their any nation so rude or barbarous , nor any one so farre strayed from humanitie and godlines , in whose minde , some forme and Image of this godheade was not grauen . Alike superfluous is it , to wyl them to feare , to beleue god , or pray to him . For the euel feare , the deuels beleue , the Paynems praye . As teacheth Hesiode .

When sleape thou list , when firste thou wakenest , pray The Gods , to assiste the euer , and that dave .

Needeles also it is , to will them partake in ceremonies and church rytes , with others . For , so much , long since , Isocrates wrate to Demonicus , & the infidels obserued . who ordaind publike , priuate , and forreine sacrifices , feasts , wakes , and plaies . These toyes familier euen to the commen sorte , and moste vnciuile people , wholly ignoraunt of gods misteryes : what nedeth to teache ? For Epicures , godlesse persons , blasphemers , forswearers , mockers , and scorners of Gods Relygion , ( if anye bee in this sorte ) I determyne , no otherwyse then doggs from Sacraments , or swyne from pearles , to bee chased . To whome , this oure talke nor sauoureth nor belongeth . But farre otherwyse bee oure Noble man instituted , and learne hee not only to feare God as iudge , but also to loue hym as Father . And not onely loue hym , but acknowledge Jesus Christ the cause , and aucthour of this loue and reconcilemente . Whome hee oughte beleue to bee God , partaker of one selfe substaunce with the Father , become man , to haue taken fleshe of a wemlesse Virgine , to haue walked in earthe in Seruile forme as man : , to haue taught , proclaimd the new league , made Caytifes and sinners iuste and blessed , to haue redeemd wyth hys Crosse the forlorne Captyues , to haue rysen from the deade , ascended with hys fleashe , lefte here a Sacrament of hys bloud and bodye : And therein commended to vs , the holye memorye of hys happye death , and ensealed the same , wyth a lyuelye and effectuall monumente , as hys Sygnet . To bee the onely heade of the church , not absente , but presente , not deade , but mouinge , quycknynge , and nouryshynge hys lymmes . To bee also the husbande of the Churche , whom hee credyteth not as strumpet to anye Vycar , but relyeueth from heauen warrynge in earthe , ruleth and enstructeth wyth hys spiryte . To bee shorte , to bee the onelye , yea the onely and moste absolute Solycitour . This Chryste , not quartered , but whole , who swaloweth and embraceth by faithe , is a godly Noble man . Whom also hee oughte call on , and reuerendlye worshippe , and accordynge to knowledge honoure , but onelye hym : Not transferre hys proper honour , to stockes , stones or Sainets . That hee assure hym selfe , this is the true & catholike religion which kindleth , not quem cheth our faith in him : which aduaun●eth him , debaseth vs and ours : which referreth all giftes and receiued benefites , to his grace , abateth the pride of our fleshe , the liberty of our wyll , the merites of our workes the swellynge of oure nature . Acknowledgeth hym onely , kinge , Prophete , Byshop , and all in all . This must oure Noble man learne , this must he redite and folow . Who otherwayes hale hym , & whisper in his eares pernicious heresyes , and phantastical opinyons , muste bee shound & not herd , as proud and presumptuous persons , selfe louers , and estemers of theyr owne workes and worthines . Who vaunt them selues Creatours , Mediatours , Sauiours , Christs , gods . Who better then their lorde , are scarse contented with a tryple golden crowne where he bare only one , & hit of thorne . Humble christe requireth humilitie , and condemneth arrogance . But humblenes nor weneth her selfe worthy , nor gloryouslye professeth to iustifie others , but shieldeth her selfe with the shade of her lorde hovinge in hym , not her selfe : of whom as the Cananite woman or hongry whelp , she beggeth some crumme of mercye . With these instructions ought the minde of our young prynce be seasoned . Whiche must bee sought not oute of mens decrees , but holye wryte . Whiche the Nobles them selues , ought with searche and readinge see , and ( not credytinge others eyes ) them selues knocke , aske , seeke , to enter , finde , receiue . Nor suffer them selues to be scorned of wycked pryestes , feeter for a plough tayle , then a pulpit . The sounde and onely proofe of true relygyon , is the conference and examinynge of dyuine Scriptures .

Wickedly therfore distinguyshed they ( who so firste fatherd it ) who termed some spirituall , some laye men , some temporal some seculer . For who wanteth Gods spirite , is not Gods . The people therfore are spirituall , the laye men spirytuall , the Nobilytie spirytuall , to flie the fruites of the fleshe , fornication , Idolatry , & like vices reckened to the Galathians . To folow faithe , Charitie , and other good motions , consonant to gods wyll , to scriptures , to reason , and exacted of the spirytual and Chrystian man . For , shall ignoraunce excuse them ? Then should the same acquyte the Iewes and Turkes . Suffiseth it to depende of the priestes , mouthe ? But the Prophetes , Pithonisse . Sothsaiers , Byshoppes , Archebishoppes , the gentiles Pryests , were mocked , and mocked . But happelye they will saye , they like the Relygion that lyketh all men . But generallye all , bothe Iewes , and Gentyles , conspired to crucifie Chryste . Perhappes they credite receyued custome . But Custom is the vicious scholemistresse of all errours . Nor doe wee all accostome oure selues to the beste . Doeth then the lengthe of time argue truthe of Relygion ? But the Gentyles erred longe before Christes commynge , and superstytion is anncyente , and vyce grewe euen from Adams fall , and presentlie blossometh . But grounde they on theyr Fathers traditions ? If wee credyte Christe , the Iewes brake gods commaundementes , for the traditions and doctrines of men . Shall this serue , to beleue as newe Prynces and lawes bidde ? But howe chaungeable are the willes of men ? How often turninges and terrours ? wherewith how chaungeable and monstrous shal this faithe bee ? And to Cesar muste wee geue what Cesars is : to God , what Gods . God firste stablyshed Relygyon , whiche Cesar ought nor abrogate , nor alter . One fixed and standynge lawe there is , whyche all oughte knowe , and keepe . Whiche but Cesar and Cesars , but the Pope and Popes fulfill : they encurre the penaltie of damnation , by the iuste iudgemente of the lawe geuer . Manye Emperours decrees are extant . Much decreed , Heliogabalus , Caligula , and Iulian. And all Eu●perours for the moste part empairers of christ . Ought then the people to obeye them ? ought the godly lords , sweare to these lawes of their rauynge Prince against Christ ? Nothinge more wanering then princes will . Shal then religion , and the worde of god , be whirled vpside cowne , at the luste of man ? Perdye , Constantines , and Theodotians , raygne not euery where and when . Loe so many , so victoryous Emperours deade , yet liueth the Gospel : and they buryed , hit reuiueth . Nor may kings , or Prynces , so choake or smother the seede of the worde , but it wyl sprynge a newe . Heauen and earth shal perish , but the worde of god remayneth forener . Wherefore , sith false superstitions haue had theyr Apollos , Trestles , Dephos , Sees , and mysticall Prophetes , and haue gotten kynges theyr protectours , ground on custom , passe in auncientie , striue with number and multitude , are bolstred by the authoryty of priestes and kinges : other line is there truly , other touchestone , whereby the trueth and sincerity of doctrine , ought be touched and leueled . Profitable is this precepte for all men , but trulye moste necessary for the Nobility .

But greater charge must great men vndertake for the Gospell . Not onely to beleue trulye to ryghtwisenes , but also to confesse franckly to saluacion . For , this vtwarde confession and witnesse , as it is harde and rare , so is it most honourable and commendable : and much moueth the constant & earnest assertion of a noble man . And he in the cause of religion is a moste substanciall witnesse , and moste able to perswade . wherfore euen at this daye we much honour & prayse Nicodemus , and Ioseph the Arimathea , honourable & mightye counsaylours : though secrete nightlye , and eueninge disciples , nor scholers stoute enough of Christ . For in the counsayles and asseblies of the Iewes , they sought occasion to discouer theyr couert fauour , and secrete zeale to Chryst . And professed them selues Christians both in worde and deede , though somewhat more couertly , and secreetely . But the testimoniall of Pylate the presydent , a Pagane , and alyene from the doctryne and fayth of Christ , what , and howe great is it ? Who sittinge in iudgement , amids the prease of the highe priestes , protested to the people , he founde Christe guyltye of no crime . Then how aggreuedly heareth he his accusers ? Howe posteth he & referreth them to Herode ? How excuset & defendeth he him , cyted before hym ▪ How lingreth he ? ye haue here accuse this man ( ꝙ he ) as a seducer of the people . But loe , examininge him here before ye , I finde in him none of those crimes whereof ye appeache him . Nor Herode truly . Then for it was a solemne vsage & necessarye at that high feaste to loase some one : him would he loose . And furne the proffered oportunity , to the safetye of the guiltles person . Which when it succeded not , the Iewes raging past all measure , and crienge crucifye him : he protesteth both againe & again he found in him no crime , and therfore would acquite him . At last when more and more the noise an dt uinult grewe , and he preuaild nought : he condemnd him not , but yelded him to their lust . And washed his handes , protestynge him selfe cleare & innocent , of the guilt les bloud . This did a Heathen for Christ against the Iewes , in the Remaines , yea the Emperours cause . Whose crown he was accused to clayme , to denye him tribute , and forbid others to pay . Shall Chryst at his comming ( weene ye ) finde such faith in our christian nobles ? Who , their consciences gnaweynge agaynste it , persecute causeles , theyr poore brethren , with fyer and sword ? Daring not for them , to qwatch against an vngodlye princes , no not a prelates becke ? Who decree agaynst them , whose cause , either through ignorance they vnderstand not , or in secrete conicience allowe : These christyan iudges , shal haue at that last & iust iudgement , that Heathen Pylate theyr iudge : When Christ shal gloriously come in the cloudes , to redresse his seruaunts wrongs and iniuries . But Pylat : loe , forscoke him not nowe dead , nor could forbeare to graue on his healthfull & happy crosse in Hebrewe , Greeke and Latine that al nations might read : Iesus of Nazareth king of the Iewes . By whych title , he confesseth him both kynge , sauiour & Messias . He gaue also his body to Ioseph the Acimathcan , demaunding it to honourable buriall . And vndertoke his patronage after tombe , and wrote in defence of him to Tiberius the Emperour a commendatory letter . Which Egesippus exemplified out of the Romaine records , which I for the singuler protite , haue here subscribed . Pontius Pilate to Tiberius the Emperour sendeth greting . Hit happd of late , as afterwards I proued , that the Iewes deadly plaged them selues & their whole nacion . For where God had forepromised theyr fathers , to send them a holye man called theyr kynge , borne of a virgine : & the selfe god , during my lieuetenantshippe nowe sente the same to Iewrye , they seyng him restore syghte to the blynde , clense the leprous , heale the palseye , cast forth deuelles , rayse the dead , rule the windes , walke drie shoode ouer the waues of the sea , & worke manye lyke miracles : all the commen people confessing him the sonne of God , the chiefe rulers notwithstanding , moued wyth rancour , and enuy , brought him bounde to me . And forginge crime on crime , affirmed him to be a Sorcerer , and to worke contrary to theyr lawe . Which I crediting , whipped him , & deliuered them , to vse according to theyr luffes . Whom they crucified , and besette his tombe with a waker watche . Which notwithstanding , my garrison heedefully garding the tombe , the third day he arose . Which so redoubled the rage of the Iewes , the moneyeng my men , they sought to bie their silence therein .

Which caused them , more and more to brute the rumour thereof . which therfore I thought to certify you , that you suffer not youre selfe , to be misled by the missen forminges of the Iewes . Thus fare ye wel . A worthy fact not of Pilate only , but al courtiers & Nobles . wherin he doubteth not onelye to professe what him selfe thought , But also seemeth to endeuoure , by heapinge his manye miracles , to assaye to hale his emperour to the same fayth . So must Nobles confesse , so call , leade , & allure by al meanes their princes to christian doctrine . So confute & reproue contrary ●ales and sclaunders . And , who other where , in euery tryfle and matter of nothing are stout , & ouerflowe wyth ●tomake : they much more here shoulde proue them selues Lions , men , yea noble men . As Dauid also the noblest kynge , who blushd not , before kynges and princes , to talke of Gods prayses . As it is in the psalmes . For this confession seemeth in them more commendable & glorious , then in any other . Nor is there any cause , why they should be ashamed , trulye to professe chryst , and freely from the bothomes of theyr hartes , to protest his religion : but rather such as they ought accompt most glorious . Nor is it a shameful but an honorable profession . Nor , shal it ought decrease , but encrease their estimacion , if in perillous & aduerse times , they be accompted godly and Gospellers .

But then ( say they ) they must diuorce them selues from wealth , and lyuinge nowe in honourable estate , forth with resigne both honour & richesse . This heauy & importable burthen of pouertye , they thinke them selues vnable to beare . But Christe , though otherwise most riche , & rightfullest owner of all they possesse : became for theym moste beggerlye . And whereto lente he them the same , but to spend them selues and theyrs to renowme his glorye ? But farre is he beguiled , who accompteth this christian profession & crosse , a losse It is the greatest gaine , yea ryghtlye gaineful , not damage . O happye losse , that rendreth hundred folde , both here and hereafter . So as , for earthly ye receiue heauenly , for fading , lasting , for vaine , true , & vnpassable ioyes . England at this day , ministreth many presidents of gods prouidence . Whereby it is manifest God hourdeth not hate nor is altogether vnmindefull of hys seruants , but at length respecteth his , and locketh vp for them the guerdon of their pacience & confession . Many great and noble men , late exiles can I cite , now worshipful gentlemen , knightes lordes , countesses , & duchesses , wiues , & virgines of noblest house , plentifullest possessions , most worthy & honourable rulers & counsailours in their countrey : who when after the wrack of al theyr wealth , shonnyng the surges of that ●resent storme , they fledde to the church no Christyan congregation , then dispersed in forreiue realmes , as to a safest baye : nowe the anger of the wrathful god appeased , returning with calme sea and prosperous saile , what loste they ? Who not onely are restored to theyr former authoritye , but also raysed and preferred to hygher . The virgine princesse Elizabeth , moste famous for godlines and learning , not dissembling , but freely , constantly , and faithfully , disclosing her sayth , tossed wyth many stormye iniuries , afflicted and wounded with many launcinge troubles & calamities , pente vp in pryson though a kinges doughter , the quene● sifter , where dayly & hourely she awaited present death : what losse at length sustained sh● ? From infamous prison lifted to the scepters of the realme , from wailing & dishonor , to glory , from death to life : & of a prisoner crownd Queene of England : Herein shineth the prouident mercy & politike pitie of our God . who chastneth his for a time , the chastned with his rod , as purged with fier , he may make them worthy higher dignitie , and m●ete for greater charge .

But bothe they shrugge , sorowe , and flatly deny , to lose theyr parents theyr Chyldren , theyr wife , and dearest life . Nay , wyl they nil they , they shall lose them , if by denieng Christ , or not confessinge him , as they ought , they coueyte to keepe them . For who findeth hys life ( saith Chryst ) shal lose it . And who loseth his life for my sake , shall finde it . For why refuse they to repay this loane of life ? Chiefely sith the lender condicionallye lente it , that when he should demaunde it , we shold faithfully restore it ? why render they it not to hym demaundinge it , who iustlye and rightfully claymeth it as his due ? Why sticke they to aduenture theyr lyues for Christe , and surrender hym theyr bodye and bloud , who is their creatour and carpenter ? They replye they are of noble bloud . But hit receaueth no stayne , by sheadinge in assertion of Christes faith : but then is most Noble and precyous in hys syghte , who on the aulter of the crosse , suffred moste plenteouslye hys heauenly and noble blond , to streame oute for oure sakes . Life is not here by losse , but wonne . Yea & such life , wher they shal finde , other father , other kinne , other brethren , & Sisterne , other ancestours most nearelylinked & coupled to them , not so much by flesh as spirite : where also , with heauenly pleasure and glad some eies , they shall behold & embrace their forefathers foregone them . Blessed therefore are those troupes of heauenly soules , who both in former yeares , & this oure later age , yelded them selues to death in the lord . Who now at length liue euerlastingly : who euer in this life , bare about them death . As oft as I recount the armies of Martirs , I meane not , of so many poore or welthy men , so many seruaunts & artifycers , so many olde grayberds , & grene Imps of all degrees , kinds , ages , both in all other realmes of Christendom , and in this our Englande marchinge towards the skie : but euen of the Noblest & stateliest personages , flieng from this worlde to the heauenvly seates : who for they would needes be confessours , were by the mischiefe of the time made Martirs : so oft greete I them whom this happe befell , and dreade thothers lot , that did them die . Seeinge the meane whyle , a Noble presidente proposed all men , for Chryst to contemne all dreades , threates , horrours , and terrours . Whose reuerende trayne the earth abandoning , the heauen receiued . There enioye they immortalitie , and perpetuall felycitie . Whom no other guilt , then iustice , then constancy , then godlines condemned . Who seeme to me , not so much with the Noblesse , as the sheading of their bloud , to haue renoūmed them selues , and all theyr house . Meruailous , and most reuerend , was that troupe of Alsatian Gentlemen . Of whome in one day ( as it is writen ) the Bishops burnt an hundred . Innocentius the third , then raging , the yere . 1212. A great number , a greuous payne , a trifeling cause . For they taught , the vse of maryage to be permitted priests , & eating flesh licensed christians at all seasons . Out of whose cinders , such gentry I wishe to reuiue & springe , as not onely ioyfull in prosperity , would tryumpbe with Christe in glory : but also with hym afflicted suffer : afflicted , wretched , and farsed with calamitie . For hit ( if so that Nobility we frame ) is garded and accompanyed with such stoutnes of courage , suche hautines of stomake : that in storme it is calme , in basenes Noble● , in pryson free , in pouerty plentuous , in darkenes bryght , in exile as at home , in the mids of fier vntouched , vnscorched , not meltyuge , not consuminge . But wee ( saye they ) are no pryests , teachers , nor pastours . So great perfection is not requyred of Nobility . But sith they be christians , they ought not shrinke to die for christ . And sith they be Nobles , armed with this franke gentry of stomake , so many bulwarkes of scriptures , so many prooffes and presydents : they oughte dreade no force of Sathans tiranny , no fornace , no rage of flame or fier . For that vnnoble doggyshe Philosopher Diogenes , ( a man excellent in wisedom and vertue , albeit in substance bare , surnamed the dogge , ) adiudged those most Noble , who contemne pleasure , honours , life : who feare not pouertie , infamy , death . But to beleue faithfullye , to embrace with faithe , what true is and sincere , & the same with tounge to blase , and conceiued wordes to confesse , and euen to yelde for it throate and lyfe : pertaynes alike to all earnest Christyans , yea to those of the basest sorte . But this is peculyer to Noble men , to relieue the cause of the gospell faintinge and fallynge , to strengthen with theyr ayde empoueryshed religyon , to shield it forsaken with theyr patronage . For as it is incydente to all wretched , pore , and beggerly to suffer : so to succour the afflicted , belongth not but to them , who excell in aucthoryty , whose power and lieuetenant labour , god vseth in redeemynge and defendynge relygion . Theyr parte hit is , to fight for theyr homes and Churches . They be in maner the pastours of the people , and gardeins of frendles piety . For great , yea greatest weight , hathe a noble mans iudgemente on either parte . Wherby , both the Tyranny of Prynces is brideled , and the rage of the commen people repressed , and the pryde of Prelates tamed . And therefore , as they may , so they ought , rule & moderate kinges with theyr councell , the people with theyr authoritye , the pryests with their grauity . For , neuer had so many bin haled to firc and torments , neuer so many drawen to presente death , ne blasinge brandes : had not Nobles entermedled , & lente theyr wicked ayde : would they haue bin eyther sharpe scourges of the wicked , or meanes & intercessours for the guiltles , & innocent , or fauourable Iudges to the godly . For not causeles is their authority credited them . The power wherof , not in staieng , but sauing the afflicted , they ought display . And , as that true faith , ought by them be defended by the sworde deliuered them of god , and the aucthority , wherewyth they are from aboue armed and inuested : so oughte they race oute all the rootes and sutes of superstition : and suffer no delusion of Idolatry creepe into the Churche . Nor must they vnsheath the sworde of theyr authoritye , agaynste the good and guyltles . But all the dreade and ferrour of theyr power , ought they redouble and reuiue , in restraining , and tormentinge the wycked . Nor muste they raise the bristles of theyr seuerity and sharpnes , against the godly , who in life , & sound opinions , sue christ : but shoote them at that wicked & mischeuous persons . Nothing more noble then power , if it meete with mercy and equytie . Heinous of it selfe it is , to staye a man . More hainous , if for erroure of iudgment , not of frowarde wyll . Most haynous , wycked and iniuryous , to disturbe from life , no erronious , but wel minded member .

Much were it to be lamented , if that estate , that oughte to bee a safe Baye and refuge for the godly , should be the plage and butchery of the good . But , as oft as I consyder the frailty of mans nature , and the slippery state of Nobilytie : as ofte as I renewe the memory of later yeares : so oft thinke I it may happe , that the Nobles may fall with the people . yea ofte I see , they who most should , stand not aye stoutest with the trueth , nor vndertake that patronage of eche rightful cause : but worshyp false and fayned superstitions , and commaund them to be reuerenced of others . wherwith also I remember , that euery excellentest nation , and most noble personage , were not only more superstitious , and seuere in mayntenance thereof , then the rest : but euen more sharpe , and fower . Who more auncient then the Egyptians ? who more Noble ? Againe who more superstititous ? Who more cruell ? Whose myndes were so muche infected with the errours of Idolatry , that if any vnwyttinge , had harmed the fowle Ibis , the poysonful serpent Aspis , a Cat , dogge , or Crocodyle : the same were alwayes most seuerely , and rygorously punyshed by the lawes . Thathenians in all mens iudgementes , the Princes of Grece , reuerenced with theyr prophane honor , not onely Minerua , Neptune , and theyr house gods : but Protagoras , for he seemed somewhat to doubte of them , forthwith banyshed . Socrates for he denied their godhead , condemned to die . Like was the impietie , and no lesse rigour gor in punishement of the Romaines : on the behalfe of theyr great God Iupiter of the Capitoll , and theyr other mammeties . For when Chryst dead , was commended vnto them , and proposed to be canonised emonges the rable of theyr Goddes : and Tiberius the Emperour had set him in his closet , commaunding them to worship him , the Romaines by a counter decree of the Senate , withstoode it . And , what they graunted filthiest Idolles & vncleanest spirytes that they ( though most politike , sage , & noble men ) denied the true liuing god and onely sauiour . Beware Nobilitye therfore , what they decree in their parliamentes , and assemblies . What religion they establishe , what they condemne . For , after the Romaine Senate , thus denied Christe , nor would admit him either god or guide : what monsters raignes ensued ? What slaughters of Senatours vnder Nero ? What sighes and sobbings of the people ? What miseries felt they ? what gulfes of calamities swalowed the caytifes , their Emperours , wasting them with tiranny , the barbarous nacions spoyling them , and lastlye the Gotb●s & Vandales , frettinge al thinges to vtter ruine ? And euer since gan the maiesty of the Romain empyre decline & wane . The wicked Synagoge ●f the Iewes reiected Christ , and feared the Romaines more then God . Whose fauour and frendshippe they thought to purchace , in crucifieng Christe . But what they feared , not long after hapned . For the Romaines after the deathe of Ghrist besteging them , rased the temple of Hierusalem , pasted , spoiled & translated all thing●● . So they , that dra●ie Christ to the crosse : found other kinges crosses , & scourges to them . Let Nobility therfore , which in al thinges chalegeth lordshippe , ruleth al assemblyes , prouide it offend not God the father , if eyther dissembling it deny Christ his sonne , or stubbornelye withstande him , or condemne Christs quicke & liuely members to fyer and faggot . This to beleue , is the part of true pietie . This to confesse , and for the same to suffer , the charge of constancie : This to defend and withstand the contrary : the dutie of perfect Nobility . And thus of the duties concerning god and religion , be it hitherto spoken .

Some duties also ( as erst I sayd ) they owe others , and some respect must be had to the commen societie , and generall corporacion of mankinde . But , albeit no mans safetie , or commoditye oughte be neglected , but all duties emploied on all men , that all maye be wonne to Christe and God : yet shall it be our laboure worth , to determine what duties , with whom chiefely they ought communicate . So muche at least , as shall seeme in eche respect , to this sort of men , & our purpose necessary . Generallye in deede precepts maye be geuen , the they do not to other , what they nould feele them selues . To loue their neighbours as them selues . But these are appliable to al partes of life , and to al indifferently . And spreade to largely through al degrees , & duties . We wil note a fewe , which chiefelye Nobilitye ought practise , and vse , towardes speciall sortes of men .

The first therfore they owe to God , the next to theyr countrey . Piety towarde their countrey . For this is a reuerence , and louing zeale , grafted in eche gentle courage , to wythe and wyl hit all good , blisse , and fortune :

Which is the common parent , nurse , and preser●er of all men . Which pietie , worthely honored the Romaines as a goddesse , as it which contayneth all charities , ●●●●s , and frendships . The lawe of God commaundeth to reuerence our parentes . Whereby , we entend not onelye reuerence due to those of whom we are borne : but also that we are datters of many dutyes , to our countrey , which contaynes our parentes , kinsfolkes , frendes , and familiers Wherfore , sith it willeth theym to reuerence the firste , it is consequente of necessity they honour the last , whyche nurseth and cherisheth them all , in her lappe , and armes . Nor swarueth this affection , from the meanyng and maiestye of the Scriptures . Syth euen Paule wryteth , he is vexed wyth great gryefe and incessant torment , yea and wisheth to be accursed for his brethren , kynsemen , and countreymen the Iewes to whome he was linkd , onely by the bond of the fleshe , and zeale of his naturall soyle and countrey . But , as al men are enforced by natural inclinacion to loue theyr countreye , wherein they were borne and bredde : so chyefely the Nobles , who receiue more ample and large benefites , of the fruytefulnes and bountye of the soyle , then the commen sorte . To whom moreouer they owe , that bothe they be , and are termed Nobles . For , in forren realmes , that home noblesse is eyther vnknowen , or not so hyghly prysed .

For truly , within theyr owne territories , and the limites of their countrey is the whole ornament of theyr Nobilitye bounded . But these may profyte singulerlye , yea farre more then the commen sorte . Both quyete , peace , flourishynge : and warlyke in warfare . In peace , if all theyr polecyes perswade not warre , but peace : yf they garnishe the same with counsayle , wysedome , and good ordinaunces : yf all theyr laboures and sweates tende to the profyte of theyr countrey : if they applye theyr endeuoure , experyence , and practise to the gouernement of the commen wealth : yf they be disposed to ciuile societye , and meete to continue amiable companye emonges men : yf they can snaffle and brydle the lawelesse people : yf they respecte not their owne , but the commen commoditye : if they quenche the flames of ciuyle warres , not with armes , but wisedome , and counsaile : if they reuiue sleapyng lawes : if they settle iudgement : if thinges decated , and much misordred , they sowder by lawe : if they procure to spreade through all their regions christian religion : yf they referre wholy them selues & al their doings , to the glory of god , the commoditye of their commens , the safetie & ornament of theyr countrey , and increase of theyr prynces honour . Of warre what to councel , I am not sufficiently adusted . For neuer gladly blowe I the warre blaste . For the rage of 〈◊〉 , and wrath of battell , hurtful to all men , vtterly disswadeth me to thinke , almost any warre , iust emonges christians . They must warre with vices , with ambicion , with selfe loue : and be at defyance wyth pryde .

Which sorte of warre , is both christian and bloudlesse . In this combat ought they fight , euen to the knees in bloud . For the conqueroures wherein , is reserued in heauen , an assured incorruptible crowne . But mans , yea christians bloud to sheade , not euer for iuste , and weighty cause : and while princes play ( as they say ) for balles , or howesoeuer they raue , to plague the poore commens : repugneth with nature , reason , humanity wisedome , diuine , yea & ciuile lawes . Let such therfore , as tender their countrey , & are of authority with princes , perswade yea vneuen peace , to disswade warre , the vtter subuersion of all vertues , the seede & roote of al vices . But it for mans sinnes such times happen that it please god , with that plague to reclayme and chasten his whorynge & roaming people : remember they , as whylome Pollux sayde to Commodus the emperour to be warrionrs , not warre louers : wise not willig captaines . For this warlike practise florished alwaies chiefelye emonge those , who were beset with enemies . But euery coaste is fraught with foes . Hereby the Romaines lengthned the boundes and limits of their empyre , euen to this our Britaine . Hereto , were the Lacedemoni●s to prone euen plain warre cockes , borne either to bidd or take battell . Of them therfore , manye abounded with warlyke praise : yea , guerdons , prices , and tryumphes , were adiudged the valtaunt . Hence the oken , grasse , wal , citie , and golden crownes . Hence the preferment to degrees : hence the many surnames hence their armes , Images , pensions of the commentreasure : hence the division of landetas to Cesars old souldiours , the field Stellas : to Sillas , Velaterrane , and Auentine : and to others other . Hence sprong in times past the name of knightes : kept yet in England and otherwhere . Hence almost al Nobility rose & grewe , as in touching the original therof we shewed tofore . To thys labour ( namelye the practises of peace & warfare ) I exhorted the nobles somewhat aboue , when I touched , they ought not saint & forslowe their eutye in ydlenesse . For worthely is Sardanapalus scorned , as a rascal , esseminat , & wo manly king . Who chose rather amongs women to handle the distaffe , & spyndle then to weld weapon with men . Agaynst whome , when his lieuetenants Belochus and Arbaces made insurrection : he with his womannishe trayne , scarce she wynge his face in syelde , filthylye fled . And vnderstandynge the losse of the fielde , threwe both him selfe , and his , a mids the tier . Bringe therefore Noble men to the common welthe , warlyke skill and Courage , whyche teasd they may vtter agaynste theyr enemyes , the Turkes and other infidels . For , sith hindes til the grounde , Craftsemen cleaue to theyr craftes , Preachers warde Churches with the spirituall sworde , against the assaults of Sathan : the Nobles muste in the shadow of their palaices , and in peace , practise and ponder these duties , ere they leaue theyr walls , and take the fielde , whole laboure , theyr countrey more properly challengeth , & thinketh both more commodious and necessary for her . Nor vnworthely . For they releassed of bodely trauayle , weare not hand crafts greatlye , and , sythe they maye well spare them selues this leasure , maye labour in these feates : and learne so muche art & skill by vse , as is requisite in any general , at the least in a meane captaine . For , without a Captaine , an army is ( as said Epammondas ) as a faier beast . and Philip , those rather an army of harts , vnder the conduct of a Lion , then of Lions , conducted by a hart . For , the chiefe parte of warlike successe , consisteth in a stout and polytike captaine .

But the efficient causes and limits of war , may be . For the flocke . For the law , which deuise , Alphonsus king of Arragon , gaue in his armes . Wherto this also may be added . For the prince . For in the Princes , is comprysed the Realmes safety . And thones life , dependeth on thothers welfare . I meane a godlye kinge as Iosias , Ezechiel , Dauid , or suche like . who emploied their seruice , to the king of kings , and established intheyr Realines sincere religion . Otherwise counsl I none to warre , eyther to bolden Idolatrie , or strengthen wyckednes , with worde or deede . Rather oughst thou wythstande hym : wyth thy Councell ( not force ) to hinder hys attempts . Wythstande hym ( I saye ) with patience , not power . And feare rather god , then man . For hys flocke the shepherd : For theyr countrey , the Codries , Decians , and Curtians die . Iustest is the quarel , for lawe and fayth . If the whole consent , and concorde of all , or the moste parte of the good , ioyne : bee they stirred of zeale , ( God callyng them for hys glory ) to obtaine what they coueyte : then knowe they , this last and extreame remedy , to bee moste commendable . Howe muche more detestable they are , who not defende , but betraye theyr countrey . ( As Tarpeia Roome , ) Or theyr Prynce . As Pyrrhus Phisician , whom Fabrit●us sent backe bounden . Or the law and relygion . whiche happeth , as ofte as relygious caytifes , to esiablishe theyr pryuate gaines , and dignities , receiue into the bosome of theyr Countrey , a straunger , and forren Prynce .

Nor haue regarde of ought , so they may with foren violence , mayntayne theyr olde rooted superstitious opinyons , and retaine the Roman heresies . Contrariwyse , shall oure Noble man demeane hym selfe . And bende all hys myghte and mayne , agaynste forren force . Not raunsome , or mayntayne his fanly , with the destruction & death of hys countrey . Mischieuous is this pol●e●e , with the losse and ruyne of the Realine , to stablishe theyr pryuate opinyon , and accomplyshe theyr owne luste . O horrible treason , wantinge worthy cerme .

Towardes the multitude cke , and commen sorte , some duties muste bee obsecued : that Nobilitie maye ( as it were ) flowe , into all mens hertes . To winne them with curtesy , not affray them with cruelty . Whereof muche maye , and somewhat hath ben sayde . Which here it needeth not tediouslye to repeate , or other lyke causeles to heape . Aristotle mencioneth in his Politikes , an horrible othe vsed in certaine states , consistinge of the regimente of sewe Nobles : in maner , thus : I will hate the people , and to my power persecute them . Which is the croppe and more , of al sedition . Yet to much practised in oure liues . But , what cause is there , why a Noble man , shold eyther despise the people ? or hate them ? or wrong them ? What ? know they not , no tiranny maye bee trusty ? Nor how yll garden of continuance , feare is ? Further , no more may Nobilitie misse the people , then in mans body , the heade the hande . For of trueth , the commen people are the handes of the Nobles , sith them selues bee handlesse . They labour and sweate for them , with tillinge , saylinge , running , toylinge : by Sea , by land , with hands , with feete , serue them . So as withoute theyr seruice , they nor eate , nor drink , nor are clothed , no nor liue . we rede in the taleteller Esope , a done was saued by the helpe of an Ant. A lyon escaped , by the benefite of a Mowse . We reade agayne , that euen Ants haue theyr choler . And not altogether quite , the Egle angerd the bytle bee . For , albeit careles and safelye thou despise eche seuerally : yet not without perill , prouokest thou all vninersallye . Right godly therefore , and wisely saith Augustine . The multitude is not so contemptuous for theyr symple power : as dreadfull for theyr huge nomber . For many litle wormes may slay . And cast ought mids a swarme of fleas , shal it not be eaten ? Wherfore , neither sharply , nor rigorously , nor tirannously , must they entreat the people . Sith no mans power , may match the might of many . Rather must they loue them , as the greatest , and befte parte of the common wealth . And bee they subiects , they are so muche more to bee loued , for they yelde them theyr labours , whose profites they enioye . As the father to his children , the king to his subieccs , the good husbandman to his grounde : so ought the Nobility , be affectioned towards the commens . Whom they ought winne and ioyne to them , by vertue , as a moste effectuall charme . But , howe loue is purchased , and entrie made into the myndes of the multytude : Excellentlye learneth Cicero in hys seconde booke of dutyes . Whome I leaue the Nobles euen agayne and agayne to pervfe .

And this is the firste parte , concerning theyr countrey & commen welth .

The other is , Agrement of the Nobles . that Nobilitie agree not onelye with the people , but euen liue , and loue , within it selfe . For , hit suffiseth not , the Commens and lordes agree : but also it both beseemeth , and behoueth , the Lordes bee sowdered amongs them selues . Sith hence also , spryngeth Ciuill iarre and dyscorde . For , stoute stomakes , cannot beare pryuate grudges , withoute the commen misery and calamitie . which wel wytnesseth , the rage and madnes of C. Cesar , and the twinninge of . Cn. Ponpeye , the great from him his father in lawe . whyche caused the alteration of the state , and newe countenaunce of the Empire . For , this is no play , or pageant , nor any counterfait combat , or stage Tragedy , sweatelesse or bloudlesse , nor Homeres fraye twixt froggs and Myse : But the frayes and combats of Noble and myghtye men , are , as the graspinges of Lions , or giants warres , who ioyne with greate power , greater stomakes , but greatest peril of eyther part . Although , nor Lion deuoureth the Lyon , nor dogge the dogge , nor wolfe the wolfes kynde . So as nature it felfe , withoute other reason , sufficientlye crieth oute on it . For it is , as if the limmes of one selfe body , should iarre . Were it not monstrous , and vnnatural , ( thinke ye ) the heads should wyshe it selfe ache ?

The hand should buffet hym selfe ? the lounge curse hit selfe ? For easely then ceasseth any theyr Tirannye to other lymmes to seeme cruell , when thus they rage agaynste them selues . But whereto forceth not ambition mortall mindes ? Whiche lightlyest breedeth in the highest wittes , and hawtyest courages . Yet lesse yll , and more tollerable were hit , if only with hit selfe , hit conceaued , quickned , & tranayled . But it brasteth and blaseth forth . And what mischieue , ( enflamed wyth the lust of raygne ) it hath erst imagined other : that now it compasseth . And haleth aye in her gard enuye , her vnparted bandmayde , the bawde of all her mischieues . Enuye agayne , comes not vnaccompanied but couples to her an other mate , namelye crueltye , armed and furnished for the deathes and slaughters of many . Hence commeth it that Nobilitye can beare no peere , and all ambicion is impaciente of mate . For enuye gloyteth with bloudye looke , breatheth mischiefe , and whetteth and sharpneth crueltye .

So as goare enuy so dimmeth the eyes of the minde , and clipseth all the senses : as it respecteth nor friend , nor kinsman , nor alie , nor his owne deare and german brother . For rare is the concord of brethren . And theyr breathes moste bitter and pestilent . Naye , the bloudy sonne runneth on the syre . As Absolon burnyng and ragyng with ambicion , on Da●yd , hys father and most godly kynge . This deadly dew● of enuye , croppeth aye greene , springing , and growyng vertue . So as , if anys prince surpasse in power , excell in learnyng● , flouryshe in wytte , or passe in any singuler ornament , hynt strayghte it assayleth , assaulteth , oppresseth . Which the Athenians commen wealth , whilome proued most true , in their oystershel exyle , and the deathes of the valiaunst Themistocles , iustest Aristides , eloquentst Demosthenes , godliest Socrates . For gladlyer vouche I forren & stale examples , them pryuate & freshe . Albeit , I see in these dayes , Tarquinius bloudy counsel renewed . who is reported walking in his garden , swolne with hate & pride , to haue felde with a wand the highest poppie heades . Cruel land of Canaan that deuoured her inhabitantes . Cruell Scithya manqueller , & men monger . But with such hate and enuy is our Nobles ambicion medled , & wyth so horrible cruelty enflamed : that eche noble man wounds his owne limme , & turnes towards him selfe , his rage and furious force . Rare is in Germanye rarer in Switzerland , the presidente of a subiectes death . But rarest of all the execution of a ruler , or magistrate .

Not onely for they seeld offend : but atso , for they thinke it ought be a wonde rous crime , wherfore they should part from their body , so noble & precious limme . Esaye crieth . Ye princes of Sodome and Gomorrhe , youre handes are dyed with bloude . And woe to that nacion , where no Nobility nor affinitye of bloude , saueth from shamefull slaughter , where is no respecte of dignitye , no roome ne refuge , left for mercye . Where one Noble man , is hangman or butcher to another : or rather to him selfe . Who seeme not ( in my conceyte ) according to their grauitye , to weyghe discreetlye enough , nor the weyghte of the facte , nor worthynesse of the person . For , yf but a while , they would mumble with them selues , euen but these fewe wordes ( A noble man must die ) and therein examine what it is to dye , what a Noble man to dye : theyr furie I thinke woulde lyghtelye swage , and they not rent from lyfe , so noble limme , eyther for lighte cause , or often vniuste . Cicero reckeneth eyghte fortes of punyshementes , cmonges the Romaynes . Damage , emprysonment , whipping , recompence , shame , eryle , seruitude , death , whyche seeld , and not but fustly , and for great cause were executed . But , so were the lyghtest applyed , as the feare ofte spredo to many , the payne to sewe .

But that they seeldst wonted to execute any Romaine Citesin , it appeareth by Cicero , not once onely in his Actions agains Verres . In the seuenth of which be dwelleth altogether in amplyfieng this crime : and this last , & weyghtyest argument , reserueth to the reare ward most to moue the iudges . Emonges the rest , of a citesen , cruelly & sharplye scourged , by Verres commaundement , thus speaketh he to the Iudges . A Romaine Citezen my lordes , at Messana , in the middes of all the markett . was whipped . When , as all the while no sighe , no other crye of that poore wretche mids the smarte and clashinge of hys stripes , but this was heard . I am a citesen of Rome , He hoped perdye , by this mencion of the city , be shoulde haue scaped all strypes , and shielded al tormentes from his torne body . But this not onely nor preuayled him , to auoyde the crueltye of his scourge : but mids his ofte cryeng mercye , and resounding the cityes name : a galowes yea a galowes , I saye , was prepared , for the vnhappy and wretched caytise : who neuer tofore bad seene so lawelesse power . O swete name of libertye O the fauourable lawes of our citye . O the lawe of Porcius and decrees of Sempronius . Thus spake he of one whipped by Verres . O , sawe he at one instant , for no cryme , so many famous Nobles , so manye honest citesens , so many Magistrates and heades of Cityes , not of forteyners , or rascals , but euen of the noblest , yea Prynces , yea of theyr owne degree , haled to slaughter , and done to death : Howe would he roare ? With what cryes , what coutenaunce , would be accuse this cruell enuious , & ambicious rage ? Yf it be by hys wytnesse , a baynous crime to bynde a citesen , a mischiefe to whyppe him , yea almost parricide to slay him : what shall I saye , to preferre him to the galowes ? What to beheade him ? What to shone flame , burnyng fyer , and other tormentes , to the tender bodyes of noblest personages ? No more to spare the bloude or life , of a Noble man : then a hegge or dogge ? Pardon I praye , if I be some what to hotte , in reclayminge those importunate natures ( whom ouermuche madnes hathe blynded ) from so great , so cruel discord and vnmeasurable rigour . With Esaie therefore , I counsayle all Princes and Nobles to be cleare from bloude , to iudge iustlye , and mercifullye , ioyntly to foye and sorowe , to pardon eche other , to acknoweledge theyr owne faultes , and forgeue theyr offenders , not to punyshe all offences so rigorouslye , not to treade vnder foote nor afflict innocencye , to clense their bloudie handes , and nourishe mutual concorde emonges theym selues , to banyshe discorde , borne of ambition , nursed by enuye , fedde by cruelty , and consure her to the Crowes , to the furyes Alecto , and Megera , farre hence , to the Indes , to Hell . For , as concorde mayntayneth and encreaseth priuate , and publike wealth : quieteth the Subiectes at home , dryueth terroure and dreade in theyr enemyes : so the Nobilitye lyuynge in tumulte , and discord , bothe theyr owne myghte is hocked , and the foundacions of the commen wealth are shaken , theyr subiectes wrynge , theyr frendes mourne , theyr enemyes laughe and tryumphe , for so wyde gappe opened to spoyle them .

Thys , other commen wealthes proue and euerye corner is farsd with examples , as well emonges the Heathen , as Christians . I coueyt here to ouerpasle our countreyes sore . I would wishe , oure ciu●le broyles were knowen but at home . But sith , of theyr owne force and bitternes , they vtter and blase theym selues , moned with loue and conscience , I can not whollye couer them . Let therefore my countreymen pardon me in this one poynte , muche pertinent to theyr safety . I thinke , had thei rather chose to cleaue in one , with mutual consent , them thus to be distraited with dissencion : nor had the ciuile sword shedde so muche Noble bloude , nor ennemies sodayne roades , of late refte so many garrisons . The truthe can not lye . He sayeth . Euery kyngedome deuided , and scuered in it selfe becometh desolate . And euery city and house farring can not stande . Yf eche Noble man roote out other , Nobility● may not last : nor the commen wealth lyue , her strength and flower wythered . Truly , this thinke I , Nor Iulius Cesar had made our Britame tributarye had he not at his entry found the princes and rulers of the realme at vary●unce : ( for both before his commynge they kepte continuall warres , and afterwards the Troinouantes the strongest citys ( whych nowe we call London ) the Catimagns , Secuntiats , Ancalites , Bibrokes , and others yelded theym selues , and manye at his comminge ( as him selfe reporteth in his commentaries ) rebelled from Cassiuellantius , who then ruled the realme ) nor yet the Saxones , nor that Williamthe Normayne Conquerour , woulde euer haue attempted to innade it : had they not ( procured by often messages ) in maner presentesentlye , behelde the iarringe , and dyscordante state of the Nobles . To conclude , nothinge plageth England , but the many breaches , and euer vnsure , neuer faithful , frendshyppe of the Nobles . What wonder then , though the ennemy oppresse , the weake vnatined remnant , and open parte to iniurye ? Sith alwaye , the surest armour , and strongest wall , is theyr stedfast and constant amiry , who are most of might and power ? What mcruayle , though other ouerrunne them , when they seeke , to riue theyr owne throte ? For , to ouerpasse the aunciente and elder presydentes , & to giaunce by the later grieues euen with one word , was not the twinninge of oure Nobles , the meane to al our misery ? Let me vouch for example , Edward Duke of Somerset : Prince of passing godlynes , Noblest house , trustiest Protectour of the younge Kings person : emprysoned for a trifle , yea a light suspicion , and beheaded . whose life , all men prosecute , with worthy prayse and commendation : his death , with due teares , and lamentacion . For , when he being protectour of the Realme , a moste trustie and good Garden to hys orphane Prynce , a man godlye suspicyous , and scareful for hys Kynge , permitted his brother the Admyral , by others sleights for fewe vnproued suspicyons , to bee headed : Hym selfe , shortlye after towered , by the meanes of the Duke of Northumberlande , ( a man trulye of a stoute and hawtye Courage , and in warre moste valyaunte : But to muche ragynge wyth Ambycyon . ) with the selfe same kind of death , that tofore his brother , ( O worthy man ) to the great sorow , and mourning of the whole Realme , was beheaded . Who once deade , wee were shortlye after robbed of our Christal Kinge . Whose death , ensued the chaunge of Keligion . And somewhat after , the selfe Duke , pent in the selfe pryson , appeachd of like crime , ended hys lyfe by lyke death . Nor onely he , but euen all , that by corrupted and suborned wytnesses , conspired the protectours death . Euer since the commen wealth waned , and we lost oure passingst men , our highest honours , oure chosen Nobles , our honourable Nobylytie , oure valiauntst guides . with what slaughters , ( O immortall God ) what murthers , what butchery of the good , with what streames of noblest blond , yea with what mens blond , that he that lande , sweate and surrounded ? which I recount not , for hate or enuye of anye , ( for the contriuers of these mischieues , are all redye deade : And enuie freates not the dead● ) But , that by theyr example , either the quycke maye amende , if anye remayne yet , accessaryes to so shamefull sinne : or others maye be warned , and ware , to encurre lyke faulte and penaltie . The same maye wee see , in the Athenians and others . But one example sufficeth .

Who slayeth , shall be slayne . who ill pretendeth to other , shal be preuented , and meashd in hys owne purpose . As Hesiode , hauynge perhaps proued it , euen in his dayes songe .

Worst to the worker proueth the councel wyck● .

Remember they , who laye violent hands on other , how borrible hit is , to fall into the handes of the lyuing god . Who is not onely carefull of his , but euen knoweth all , and euerye them . And hathe nombred all the heares of theyr heade , and wyll espie if any die . And ( if vniustly ) not leaue hit vnpunished . Wherfore , auant that churlishe Nemesis , and enuious Ate. Departe hence factions , in the deutls name . God is charity , and who is not in charitie , is not in God , nor God in hym . What ? shall a Noble mans courage , be pent vp with such impotence , suche enuy , suche basenes of stomake , as the dunghyl , and wretched rascall people ? The potter hates the potter , as ( Hesiode saieth ) , the Poete the Poete , the Chantour the Chantor . But god forbid , one Noble man should hate another , sithe enuye , wythoute horrible blame , and mischiefe , cannot pearce their hartes , Greater and higher , then whom enuy maye subdue . And , howe shall hee loue the people , who hateth his owne degree ? Wherefore , if they couet to saue the commen weale , to maintayne theyr dignitie : this is the moste compendious meane , that neyther feare , hate , or threate other : Neither iarre with other , neyther conspire others death , and destruction : But all suspicion seuered , they cleaue together with ioynte hart , and minde . And so be lynked with the insoluble chayne of charitie , as with one consent , they studie to preserue theyr countrey , to with stande theyr enmy , to loue the people , and with absolute concorde , and vnytie , to be sowdred and glued in Christ . The restoring of which happy calme , in these oure dayes , to the Chrystian worlde , after the stormy warlike tempests : I greatlye ioye , and wishe hit christian , and euerlasting . And greete to our England , the brightnes of this season , and the sommer dayes , whiche god hath graunted our noble Queene Elizabeth : Under whose raygne , all these storms are appeased , and stilled . whych quyetnes , I hope shall ▪ and beseche almighty god , maye bee euerlastyng . But this ought the Nobles performe both to shew fauour to theyr inferiours , and louingly agree amongs them selues . No fond councel , though a Sithian , Jaue one Silurns dienge to his Chyldren . To whom , hee gaue abundel of bruckle arow steales , to breake . which when they could not : seuered he easely cracked them in theyr sight , whom bound in bauand al they coulde not crushe . By which dumme shew , he signifyed to his children , ( whom he had in number . 80. ) that with concord they might be inuinctble , with discord easely rent . what els is nobility then a maner brotherhead ? As natural brethren then , ought they cherishe , shyeld , aide , and embrace eche other : but they wyll rather together with their country , with the reste of the people , peryshe . For , if tarringe they lose one , all the rest flittinge and scattering , wil lightly stumble in the selfe pit of perdycion . And , if any rauener , rente and deuoure one , hee wyll seuer also the reste , tyll hee haue spente all . Euen as the lanar , seuereth firste from the whole flighte one doue , and then another , that sith at once conioynd hee coulde not , at sundrye tymes dysioyned , hee maye suttelly inuade and deuoure all . For coupled strength is stronger , as the olde poesy is . wicked is he , that chaseth not if he may , his approchinge enemy . but how muche more hated , both of god & man ought he bee , who renyenge hys countrey , flieng his felowes , sueth the ●nmy campe , & betraieth the Realme ? Plutarche mencioneth one Cretinus a citezen of Magnesed , who longe tyme with one Hermias had borne pryuate grudge Yet , when Mithridates warre began , in open assembly , counsayled to choose Hermias general , reckning & commēdig hys many vertues . which Hermias hearing willingly yelded , & departed into voluntary exile , the Cretinus mought bee general of the army . So , ought , all priuat offences bee buryed , and commen perill foyne euen the deadliest foes : to performe their commen duty , with commen consent . That , asmuch as in them lieth , thei nor harine theyr prinate enemye , nor ayde theyr foren soe , nor suffer the common wealth to be abandoned , whiche well may the elustering concord of the Nobles , performe . wherof is now sufficient sayde .

They ought also practyfe , another vertue towardes others , Liberalitie . namelye lyberality . For , nothinge more purchaseth mens fauoure and frendshyppe . whose prayse , as it ought bee common to all riche : so is espectally moste proper , to Noble men . For euer , a Noble courage , accompteth hit more happe , to helpe , then bee holpen : and to bee a geuer then taker , to vse Aristotles wordes , yea , rather reckneth hit a shame , and staine to his honor , to take : glorious to geue . For , bothe they haue to geue , and none geue more largelye or readelye . So as , almoste by no ryffer prooffe , may you reade a Noble man , then by geninge wyllingly , often , and bountifully . wherefore , the Hebrewes cal them prynces , which emplyeth , lyberall , bountiful , halfe gods , and Noble men , euen of theyr-owne accorde and nature , free barted . whych word , Christe in Luke conuerted thus . Theyr kynges rule them , and suche as haue power ouer them , are called beneficiall . That is bountiful . Whereof , both an honorable proofe , and worthy witnesse is Alexander the great . Whome scarsely suffised the great treasures of Darius , to powre out on his frendes .

With whom , he thought his treasure most safelye kept and horded . Perillus suynge to him for dower to marye his daughter , he wylled to take fiftye Talentes . Which when he modestlye refused , aūswereng that ten suffised : He replyed , perhaps for the to take , but not for me to gyue . This princely stomake , ought all Nobility wonder at , and according to theyr power smitate . For , albest in welth they be not Alexanders , yet in minde and bounteful beneuolence they maye be . All see they maye : such is theyr abilitye .

Men weene also they ought , sith it behoueth as they haue freelye receyued muche , so to render somewhat , to succour the necessities of others . Whych also our Paule writyng to Timothe commaunded , willing theym not to place theyr confidence in vncertayne riches , but in the liuing god . And to smitate his heauenvly example , who ministreth all men aboundauntly , and largely to theyr needes : that they maye he bountifull , riche in good deedes , liberal cōmunicaters and emparters of benefiees , large and bounteous . And hereto knitteth he rewarde , namelye , that layeng here this sure soundacion , they may obtaine euerlasting life . Thus must he despise mouie , as a heauy and vnprofitable clogge to him . mounting to greater and higher hope . For howe shall a money slaue , rightlye rule others ? Or howe maye he be termed free , who serueth a thing reasonles , & lifeles ? They ought therfore neglecte money , not as some vnwise Philosophers , and frowarde & foolishe sages . Who eyther cast away their goods , as Diogenes his cuppe and maser for he see a boye make the same of the holowe palme of his hand . Or drowned them in the sea , as Aristippus and Crates . Or lefte them behind , when they myght haue saued them , as Byon . Or neglygentlye forsooke them , and let theyr groundes lye waste , for others beastes to pasture , as Anaxagoras & Democritus . But , neither lauishe they out theyr goodes , as prodigall , nor bestowe them on vicious persons , as manye hippocrites and ambicious . But in placing benefites , weyghe what is eche mans due . So much therefore , of Ciceros notes of bountifulnes , as shal seem expediente to this place , I with fewe wordes and briefely , wil mencion out of oure Scriptures , as farre forthe as seemeth loyned with a Noble mannes dutye .

So therfore must liberality be tempered , and limyted , that chiefely therein two faultes be auoyded : that neyther you bestowe on the vnworthye , or needelesse , nor seeme bountifull for besire of honour and glorye , or hope of gayn . So ought there be choice and accompt of person , & the ende respected . Of the ende , Christ spake in Mathewe in that fyrste , and heauenlye sermon , he made to his disciples in the mount .

When he sayeth , almes is to be geuen not in mens syght , for shewe , nor after the trompets blast . as Hippoer●tes in the Synagoges , and streetes , for they would be seene and praysed of men . But of the ende , and other thynges that mought be heaped hereto , I will here saye nothinge . It shall suffise , to adde so much , as shall seeme pertinent to the callinge , and function of a Noble man , touching those personnes on whom this liberalitye oughte be employed .

Liberalitye towardes Beggers . The first therfore , and neediest are beggers . Whom in no wyse he ought forget , who dependeth as a beggar on the almes of god . Of whom so many , so great giftes he receyueth daylye .

These mencioneth Chryst in Luke , in the Pharisces banket , in thys maner , lessoning his feaster . When thou makest a dyner or supper , call not thereto thy frendes , brethren , kinsfolke , nor thy riche neyghbours : least they crosse the with like , and so requite the. But when thou bankettest , call to thee the poore , the lame , the halte , the blynde . And happy art thou then , for they can not requite thee . Wherein , bothe he touched those Pharisaicall feasters , and also , noteth not a fewe of our dayes .

Who geue not the needye , but suche of whom they hope or awayte , hongerlye the doubled worth . Nor anye where . truer proues that olde sawe , Like will to like . For to feastes and bankettes not the needy and hongrye ( as oure sauioure willeth ) but the Noble , the ryche , & the feasters felowes flye . Who are able to recompence theym , and render lyke , yea with vsurye .

But , best deserued they of the commen wealth , who first founded hospitalles , and almes housen , for poore and wretched lasers . Where not lasie loyterers or welthy dissemblers : but the weake and nedye , mought be harboured .

For , euery where is stoare enought of vagaboundes , & none more theuishe , sluggyshe , or dissolute in all lycenciousnes : then the wanderynge sculles , of roges and roamyng beggers .

Whyche well by experience , espyed that famous and worshipfull gentleman Anthonye Caue , of worthy memorye : my beneficiall patrone and tutor . Who beinge in Buckinghamshire , commissioner and Iustice of peace : trauayled day and night to banishe this sorte And , at length by his witte , industry and polecie , compassed , that prouision was made for the weake , wydowes , orphanes , and aged : and the stout and mighty lubbers compelled to laboure . So that at laste , almoste no where through the whole shyre , shoulde you fynd a vagabound . This was pryuate . But that of the city of London , publike & most commendable : worthy eternitie , and immortalitye : founded in the fortunate reigne of king Edwarde the syxt , Where in a large roome with wages maisters , seruauntes , & all other necessaries allowed , & ministred , an innumerable multitude of poore is fed : the healthie laboure , the sicke , lame , deafe and blinde , are cured : many children bred , some to occupations , some to searninge and studies : that in after times , maye serue eyther the churche , or the common wealth . Which wyth such like , I tell to this ende . That euery noble man , in his Shire , Citye , or Countreye , maye in like maner , to theyr power , prouyde the realme be not charged , or whelmed wyth that wanderyng and pernici us draffe of vagaboundes , and lasye loyterers .

Be this therfore decreed , that liberallye they ayde the needye , that simplye they geue , not suttellye let to vsurye a benefite . And such gifte scripture termeth an almes and pitye . For it is geuen to the pitied and almes worthy The Philosophers call it bountye , benignitie or liberalitie .

Liberalitye towards the learned . Let also a Noble mans chest open to the famous in skyll , or studye of knowledges . For in times paste , kinges , Nobles , and al honourable , were protectours and nurses of learnynge , learned , and studentes . And accompted ( as it were ) Apollines , and maynetayners of the Muses , who ( in maner ) watered and refreshed with their liberality , as plentyfull dewe , the same sterued or destitute .

Whom vnlesse the ayding and beneficial hand of Nobles assiste , and supporte : necessarily must they faynt and fall . For artes are fed by honour , preferments , aydes : and faynte throughe want , contempt , and pouertye . Hence springe those bothomles prayses , and glorious titles of Alexander the greate , Hence those of Augustus , and Mecenas , prynted by the famous pennes of Ouide , Virgile , & Horace . But that other king of the Macedons munificence , Anaxagoras , D●ogenes , and many other , both proued and praysed . Whose emba●sado●rs bringing Xenocrates . 50. talentes when he refused , aunswering , he neded not so much , & notwithstanding of curtesye , seing them somewhat dismayd , toke 30. poundes : the kinge willed him , to gratifie any his frend ( if any neded it ) with the rest . To Anaxarchus , he sent by his cofferer so much as he requirrd . Namely a. 100. calentes . which he not onely not denied , but seemed in maner to thanke him , for be would so boldly demaund it of him , as his frende , whoe both mought and would geue it hym . For , this cause , with immortal thankes , and euerlasting memory , oughte they be honored , and reuerenced , who first founded schooles , and vniuersities : appoyntinge stipends , and priuileges , aswel for the studious to learne as professours of artes to teach . wherwith , we wont to be allured , and prouoked to study paynefully , and profite merely . But gone is that golden age , present are our brasen and iron yeres ▪ wherin , who ought augment these benefites , are rather spoylers , then patrones of learninge . Who either by flattery , sute , or extorcion , seeke theyr pryuate gayne in students reuenues : and compasse , rather to rase , what is builte , than to laye or found new . To many politike artificers , bee there in this suitle , and wylye skil . who , either purchase for noughte , of wardens and Rectours of colleges , theyr lands and liuings : or enter on them ere they fal , or ayded by the Prynces letters patents , dispossessinge the olde tenaunt , wyl in spite of theyr nose become their tenaunts : or if the heades denye theyr requestes , chafe like younge Dukes , and threate I wot not what , to the whole felowshyppe . But otherwyse would I oure Noble man bothe doe , and meane . To surmount the benefites of his auncestours , to mayntayne the dignity of learninge , to augmente their profites , to employon them with a gentilmanly frankenes , so muche as they want , & shal not be burdennus to him selfe . To garnishe also libraryes , with store of bookes , is not the leaste commendation of Nobility Wherein Ptholomeus Philadelphus , whylom excelled . Which prayse is nowe descended , to the Noble familye of the Fuggers . Next , Liberalitye toward●s Goddes Saynctes . be liberality vnlocked to them , who suffer for religion , and areemprisoned , or otherwyse afflicted for Christes cause . For , in the Apostles time , they bestowed their almes on the godlye poore . And Paule , ofte gathered for the brethren at Hiernsalem , and others . And councelleth the Galathians , bothe generally to be bountifull to all men , but chiefely to the householde of faith . For what wee contribute to the godlye , and the persecuted for Religions sake , is most accepted of god . and who receiueth them , receiueth Chryst . Yea who receyueth a Prophete , in the name of a Prophete , or a iust man , in the name of the iuste : shall receiue the reward of a Prophete , and righteous . And who geueth the least of these , but a cuppe of cold water , to drinke in the name of a Disciple : shal not misse hys rewarde . Howe much the detestabler is theyr myschieuous beneficence , and accursed bountie , who not to feede , or clothe , hungrye or naked , Christe : but rather to spoyle , and dysrobe hym , not to cheryshe , but rende hym , not to saue , but staye hym : lauishelye power oute , and waste theyr goods , welth , and power . And who , to aduaunce supersticion ( not builde Religion ) eyther renew raised Monasteryes , or found new . Rigorous in sacking the poore , but superititiouslye Relygious in deckinge Images , Masses , Relikes , pardons , pilgrimages , clothinge Sainets counterfaites , prodigally , & wyckedly liberall .

Which erpence is so much the lamentabler , as it is in the mids of the light of the Gospell vsed , and for they ryfle from the good , and gospellers , what they bestow on the euel . And turne the substance of the godly , as the rent and scattered relikes of theyr life , to horrible abuse . But these , haue other where theyr pryce , worthy theyr deedes . In meane time , ill gotten , and worse spent , worst wasteth . but what is employed on godly vses , and subsidies of the holy Sainctes , shal with vsury returne to the owner . So as for carnall thinges , he shall reape spirituall , and heauenly . And thus , hitherto haue we entreated , of theyr reuerence to theyr countrey , theyr loue of the multitude , concorde twixt them selues , almes towards the poore , liberality to the learned , bounty to the godly . which all , be members of the commen wealthe , whom as germane brethren , this our Noble man oughte embrace , with fauour and amitie .

Nor oughte theyr beneficence bee withholden , but emparted with straungers , soudred , Hospitaltye toward●● Straunger● and ( as hit were ) grafted , in the commen weale . which vertue is termed hospitality : namely commended to the Iewes , in the old law , by god . whom hee wylled , to be curteous to straungers , who were pilgrymes erst them selues , in a forren land . For , lyghtlye learne they that haue proued like misery , to succour misers . And are moued with greater compassion , and sence of others griefe . Cesar therfore commended the Germans , for they thought it detestable to missuse a straunger . And shielded all suche , as for anye occasion fledde to them , from wronge : accompting them holye , and communicatinge all theyr house , and tables with them . The Britains , chiefelye the Kentishmen , hee termeth of all other most ciuile . which it appeareth , was preiudiciall to them , & the chiefe cause of Cesars warre . For they ayded the frenchmen , his enemies , and succourd them with frendly and commodious harborough . Beware the newe Germans and Englyshmen , they chaunge not , but continewe this manour , and custome . which so much the more they ought , for , as nowe they exceede theyr elders , in Christianity : so oughte they passe them in vertues . That charge , credited Paule to the bishoppes . Namely to entertaine , and loue straungers . Nor lesse carefull ought Nobles bee , whose power as hit is greater , and more abundant : so ought theyr bountie be larger , & plentifuller . For , sithe Monkes , eche where , haue yet good names her ●fore : ware oughte Nobles bee , who succeaded in theyr Roomes , and setsed theyr possessions , that herein they proue not their inferiours . Nor yelde to them in this practise of Charity , whom farre they passe in purenes of farthe . Therefore , as ministers , so noble mens part it is , to prouide them harborough , to leasse them vse of housen and Citie , to open them the churches , to succour them chiefely , if relygious exiles neede theyr ayde . Euer truly , haue Noble mens housen lyen open to Noble ghestes . Let eke theyr gates lie open , to the myserable and banished for christes cause , other wyse succourlesse . That so both they be , and may be rightly called , almes gods on earth . The auncient gentry , is reported , farre to drowne these our later nobles , in this part of curtesy . Sith now , many mens charity cooleth . The paynims , counted it theyr chiefest commendation , to haue theyr entries worne . And wonted to sit at theyr gates , that no ghest mought scape them . Herefore , is that Cimon magnified in Cicero , by the report , of Theophrast . Who toke suche order , and so commaunded hys farmers , that whatsoeuer inhabitant of Latium came to his manor , shoulde haue al necessaries allowed him . But he was liberal to his benefactors . but once father Abraham and Lot his brother , indifferently to all men . Of whom the firste , sate in the gate , thother in the entrye of hys tabernacle , eyther spie , and prie for some straunger . Whiche once seene , they ryse , runne , meere hym , embrace hym , crouche do●one to the grounde , and humblye entreate hym to enter .

For , this is the request , and sute of Abraham in Genesis , to the Angels whome , both hee sawe , and toke to bee straungers . I beseche you sir , I may finde so muche fauour with you , that you passe not my house . Tary I pray you , while a lytle water bee fette , to washe your feete . Rest ye vnder this tree , and I wyll fetche you a loafe of breade , and make you mery , & then goe forwardes on gods name . For therefore , turned ye into your seruaunte . Loe Abraham , the honourablest Prince of the Israelyte● , the father of faith and all faithful , abundant in Cattell , Conqueroure in warres , dreadfull to whole Nations & kinges : prostrateth him selfe on the ground , entreateth them , professeth him selfe theyr Seruant , to whom hee geueth : Runneth to the herde , his whole house attendeth those straungers and abiectes . Sara bestirs her , shee moulds thre bushels of finest meale ▪ & knedeth Cakes , the boye , with all speede killeth a fat and fayer steere , butter and milke is set them hym selfe standinge serueth them . O simple and happ●e age : O mangled maners : O straunge Metamorphosis : O newe couersion vp side downe , in and out . Let Abraham humble , paineful , hospital : learne our proud , slouthful , inhospitall Nobles . Who not only not geue , but chase away and stubbournely entreat straungers , checking them with threates , scoffes , and tauntes . That Englishemen are ●urteous , I denie not : yea they haue bene euer counted the chiefest honourers of straungers . And trulye so they be : delyghted rather wyth forreyne wittes and traffyke , then their owne countreyes . Where notwithstanding they haue both plentye of excellent wittes , and aboundaunce of all necessaryes , and most ciuile inhabitaunts . Yet so delight theym all forren pleasures , that in maner they disdayne , theyr home commodityes .

Whiche affection towardes straungers I condemne not . Naye , I rather exhorte theym more to imbrace and loue them . but warning withall they despise not but reuerence and imbrace the good giftes of God , theyr home commodities . Howe sumptuous are they , in enterteining Princes , or embassadours ? How excessiue ? what glisteringe Nobles ? what pompe ? What shew ? Whome truly , for the mayntenaunce of theyr dygnitie I commend . But that vnmeasurable magnificence , muche myslike : whence , what I couet dymynished , that wyshe , I employed , on poore pylgrimes , Christes , and exiles . To prouyde them necessary lyuing , admitte them into felowshyps , and allowe them yearely stypendes . Whyche well I wotte , the Noblest Prince Edward , of happy memorye , moste lyberally did , bothe in London , and eyther vnyuersitie . whome , some Dukes , Nobles , and byshops imitated . Chiefelye , the reuerende Father , and late primate of Englande , of the priuye Councel to Kynge Henry the .viii. and hys sonne Edwarde , Crowned with blissefull Martirdom of Mary hys doughter , Thomas Cranmar Archebyshop of Caunterbury : a worthy successoure of william warram in that See , whome so lyuelye hee resembled , in sincerytie and bountie . Emouges the Nobles , not the leaste prayse , earned Henrye Graye , Marquesse Dorcet , and Duke of Suffolke , nowe a Noble Citezen of heauen . Who lyberallye relieued , manye learned exyles . The like may wee saye of many other , who renouncynge the worlde , and worldely pleasures , haue exchaunged lyfe wyth death , or rather mortalytie with immortalytie . Thus some deade haue I voutched . Nor want there presidentes of the quicke . But them wyll I not praise , but rather erhorte , daylye to contende with them selues , that , sith not a fewe of them were straungers in Germany , and therefore vnderstande their estate by experience , they would more and more , put on that sence of humanytie , and affecte of mercy . To relieue pilgrimes , wearned wyth trauayle , and destitute of ayde , banyshed now their Countrey bounds , and succour and cherishe theyr need● , wyth theyr plentie .

In conclusion , be Nobility bountiful to all men .

But Iustice ( yf ought els ) chiefely pertayneth to mans societye . Iustice

Wherfore worthely of Aristotle , it is called others vertue . Where properly taketh place that sayenge of Pollux to Commodus the emperour : termynge it the balanced lawe . For in maner of balance , with euen hande paysyng & eaming eche thinge , it sweyeth not from right , nor more then iust is , leaneth on either parte . And that vertue is both fectest and necessariest for a Noble man . Whose whole life and practises , are chiefly busied in mayntaynyng commen commodityes .

Where wyth once adourned , easelye hath he gotten the princesse of al vertues . Whereby he shal rule both him selfe and others . For neither is fortitude needefull where Iustice is : and if lawes ruled , armes shoulde hushe , syth none should be iniuried . But insurious they become through couctise and thirst of coyne . For what worke we not to heape and hourd goodes ?

Truly , a filthie faulte in all men , but hardly thinke I any maye be fayned filthier in a noble man . For whom we would haue free , & liberall , whom we wishe of highe minde and vndaunted courage , who shoulde esteeme all worldly toyes as draffe and chippes , howe vnseemely and seruile were it , What blotte to his estimation , he should encurre that mock of Euripides ? To be a happy horder and cofferer , an vnwilling steward and disbourser of money : Hieremye accuseth the princes of Israell , as ranening wolues , bloud-sheaders , manquellers , gredy guttes : and Dauld calleth them Lions lieng in theyr dennes , in waite for the simple and rauening the poore , halinge hym into theyr nettes . But beware , least they crye to god and the mournynge of the poore , ascending , and peareyng the eares of the lord of Sabaoth , prouoke him agaynst the. And of a moste mercifull lorde and father , make hym thy wrathfull and rigorous iudge .

For the cominalty complayneth new lordes succeded theyr olde auncients . Excessiue in askinge , rigorous in exactinge , readier in takinge , sparer in geuinge , worste almost in all things . For all commend the auncient Nobilitie , condemne the children , aduaunce their parentes to the heauens . This posterity therefore , briefely warne I , not to oppresse with fines or incoms theyr tenants , or countreimen . Not to peruerte iudgementes , not to enclose that erst was commen , not raise theyr farmes hygher then of olde , or beyonde reason , not to crushe theyr backes with laboure , not to dyffer to paye . For all these are forbydden by the lawe of god . Esay crieth . Ceasse ye to afflicte , learne to bee beneficiall , searche iudgement . And in hys thyrde chapter . The lord shal come ( saith he ) to pleade with the elders , and Prynces of hys people . For ye haue cropped hys vyne , and the spoyle of the poore is in your house . Why begger ye my people ? and grinde ( as hit were ) the pore mens countenaunce ? And ther vice noteth hee in hys fifte chapter . Woe to them that ioyne house to house , and lande to lande , leaninge roome for no Neyghboure . Will ye onelye in dwell the earthe ? These be those Giants of the earth , in times paste , before the floude , famous and Noble , valiant and notable , stronge , sounde , and mightie , terryble , and chayned . These bee the successours of Nimrod , stoute and boysterous hunters , and rouers on the earth . Whom eche where mencion the sacred scriptures . Thus councelleth Salomon . Moue not from theyr place , the aunciente bounds , nor enter on the lande of the Orphane . For whereto staine Noble men , them selues with this mucke ? wherto , are they of so lowe , & base spiryte , as to be chained to these earthly clogges ? who ought soare far higher . For what are the ryches , whiche here so much they prise , but burthens , and clogges of Cares ? Therefore saide Socrates , oure myndes were no lesse hamperde , and laden with them , then oure bodyes with longe and side garmentes .

Ant Democritus featly depaynted money , which vngotte wringes , is kept with cares , departeth with grieues . Wherto then serueth this insatiable thirst of the which wantyng ye wayle , hauyng howe , loosing mourne . This therefore knowe al Nobles , and with like salues , arme theyr brestes against this vnstanched thirst of coyne . Well wite they , they are no lesse bounden by lawes , then euery poorest slaue .

And fyrst learn they , they ought iniurie none . Next ( whereto they are most bounden ) not onelye theym selues be not iniurious , but also represse they like rauenours and extorcioners Worthye honour he is who harmeth none . But who neyther suffereth others , earneth doubled prayse . Recor● of that deuine Plato in his bookes of lawes . For manye thinke power parted from iniury , bare and contemptuous , and falsely perswade them selues , they are laweles and lordeles .

Imagining the lawes Cobwebbes , That meashe a flea , or flye , whyche crowes or mighty beasts soone breake Some thinke , a well moneyed man , mayster of all lawes . As erst sayd Cicero of Verres . Nor ought so holy or reuerend , that money may not pearce .

Ther be Iudges that gape for bribes and are corrupted with gyftes . There are lawyers , Noble mens counsaylours , who sell theyr patronage , hyre out theyr tounge and trauayle .

Gaynst those , let this our Noble man watche and warde . And heare Esaye rightly counsayling . To ayde the oppressed , to render the orphane ryghte , to plead the widowes cause . For herein ought they not credite theyr assystantes , theyr soltcitours , their lawyers : who , sith they purchase their reames and offices , must consequentlye sell them . Which wel sawe and foresawe that worthye Alexander Seuerus . Who commaunded Vetranius Thurinus , for taking bribes of sutors , chayned to a stake , with grene wood syered about him , to be smothered . That smoakes he might be payed , who smoakes solde . Sitte therfore the Nobles them selues in counsell : heare causes , and honoure iudgementes with their presence , as erst those mightiest Monarches , and Emperours of the worlde , Mithridates , Philippe , and Alexander the greate . For , Noble men are prynces lieuetenants , and wardens and ministers of the lawes . For , whereto are good lawes decreed , if none bee , by whose trauaile , they enacted maye be kept ? Both againe and againe , hit delighteth mee to honor the former age , wherein Noble men were lawyers . when , the Roman gentlemen , blushed not , to professe this knowledge . when Antonians , Crasses , Sulpitias , Sceuolas , Cicerons , were no lesse skilful in the lawiers aunswers , then the decrees of the .xii. tables . Yea this profession , was peculier to gentlemen . Whiche would hit were renewed , that them selues might order iudgementes , the arte hit selfe haue more aucthoritie , and these pedlers lesse luker . For , a ryghte and Noble Prynce , and garden of the lawes , is a beneficiall and earthly god to common weales .

In whom are many sores , whiche hee easelye either with worde , or becke , mought remedy Be this therefore the first part of iustice : him selfe to wrong no man . The nexte in iust cause to defende others , and withstande iniurye . Nor onely is it requisite , he be right of deede , but of word also . Which vertue is termed faithfulnes , and trueth . To stand to his promyse , to performe and dyscharge hys credite . For a Noble man ought accomplyshe , yea what so hee noddeth to . Who hateth not a lyenge Lorde ? Deepe in hys minde therfore must be imprint this sayeng of Salomon . Sixe thinges god hateth , and the seuenth vtterly abhorreth .

Proude lookes , a lyeng tounge , blondye handes , a minde ymagining mischiefe , swift feete to euell , a false witnesse , a vaine man , and sower of strife twixt brethren . A golden sentence , and worthy to be grauen in the heartes of all noble sutes , euen from theyr tender yeares . But I must measure my measurelesse talke .

The neyghbour vertue to this is equitye . Not to racke al thinges by extreme right , to yelde somewhat , and thinke nothinge more beloued , then mercy or curtesye . Mercy consisteth in pardoning , winkinge at faultes , and forgeuenesse , seeld punishinge , and that vnwillyng , accusinge not often , nor but compeld of necessitye . Curtesye requireth easie speache , ciuile company , frendly , pleasant , and curteous talke . For wherto shewe Nobles them selues so seeld ? Why are they so statelye , and hawtye in talke , to theyr brethren theyr semblables ? Nothynge more hygh or loftye then the sunne . Yet vayleth he his golden rayes downe to the base earth . Communicateth his influence with herbes , plantes , seedes : shineth , lighteth , and heateth , as well the vniuste as iuste , the poore as riche , yea the bruite beastes . Agayne , the higher and loftyer he is , the slower and slacker mocion he hath Euen so , ought Noble men , the higher they are raysed , the humbler and quieter to be : the more to vse lenitye & curtesy to al men , & bridle their stomakes , & bury theyr vnbroken rage .

The contraries therfore , statelines , importunitye , crueltye , and anger , much more must they flye . Which , when they light on anye armed with authority , Nobility , and power , more trouble and stirre eche state . For inflamed with these nourishementes , and oyle ( as it were ) they haue more force to hurt . Of anger well counsayled Aristotle , they ought be angrye .

But howe , when , and with whome , they ought . Of other vices , other blames might I heape . But more maye they of this litle conceaue . For euerye philosophers bookes , are laden wyth like preceptes . From whom , the diuinity and contemplacion of these vertues must be borowed : Albe the practise required , of the Nobles them selues . For the praise of vertue , consisteth in practise , and is accomplished not so much in knowyng , as doing .

But of those vertues , that are referred to others be here an end . It resteth , henceforthe we speake of the residue .

THE THYRD BOOKE of Nobilitye .

HItherto haue we determined hit , that is guided by vertue , and accompanied with fortune , to be the truest and perfectst Nobilitye . For , both it behoueth and beseemeth all men , to lyue vertuously : and most requisite is it a Noble man passe in rare , singuler , and perfect vertue . And ioyne to his bryghtnes of byrth , the armes of honoure and vertue .

For , shame it were , who surpasseth herein , shold be barren of better gifts Whom rather it behoued , wyth white steedes ( as they saye ) manye miles to forerunne the rest . Muche must he paynefully learne , firmely remember stoutely practyse , and wisely speake . Which all ought in him excell , where in the common sorte it suffiseth , al be they meane . For , both he hath all the helpes of practise , whyche others want , and the more God hath credited him , the strayghter and more seuere accompte shall he render , of hys wordes and deedes . Wherfore dyscretely , truly , and maruaylously , sayd one of the fathers of the primitiue Church : that hardlye mought Prynce or priest be saued . Which extendeth to all the burthened , with any harde laborious charge , linked with the safetie , care , and preseruation of manye . For who wonteth to foresee , to beware , to watche , and wake for others ought also abye others trespasses . So payneful and perillous charge is hit , to be a Noble man : if by his example , the subiecte bee either offended , or perishe . For hee synneth not sole , but the contagion of hys dysease infecteth others . And with hys fault , he maketh others faultie , and with hys fall and ruine , debruseth thousandes . Nor can alone fall , but his adherents , and such as depende of him , wyll accompanye him . For of much force are they , to the marring or making of cities maners , either deprauinge the Citizins wyth theyr lustes , and vices : or reforminge them , by the presidentes of theyr vertue , and continence .

For it appeareth in historyes , that as the cities chiefes , suche euer was the whole city , and whatsoeuer chaunge of fashions the prince began , the same the people folowed . Which is farre truer , then the conceyte of oure Plato . Who thought by the chaunge of musicians songes , the states of cities wer altered . For truly the Nobles life and liuinge chaunged , who seeth not the cities maners chaunge ? Wherefore , so muche the more hatefullye vicious princes deserue of the common welth for not onelye theym selues embrace vyce , but spreade the same into the whole state . Nor hurt onelye for they are infected , but also for they infecte . And more harme with theyr example then sinne . For he it lawful this once for me to vse Cicero , wordes , in hys booke of lawes , to purchase my talke more authority . Of necessitye therefore , ought noble men be good . Both , for them selues and others : that they may trayne manye in theyr vertues , not vices . Of which sorte of Nobles , the lesse plenty there hath bene hither to , the earnestlier , ought al men , with theyr whole mighte and power endeuour : that these of our dayes encrease the number , and euen drowne theyr auncestours , so to become more famous , and acceptable to all men . Euen in hys dayes wryteth Aristotle , in hys polytikes , that a ryghte Noble man , was a rare sighte . Nobilitie ( quod hee ) and vertue , are founde in fewe , but ryches in many . For scarse any where a hundred Nobles , or good men : but infinite swarms of ryche , eche where may you finde . Thus wryteth he . Why so ? The false opinion of felicitie mocketh them , for they wene them selues happy enoughe , for their discent from Nobles . And restinge on this vayne confidence , reache no farther . But truly saith Plato , loue bredth of neede . For the needy seeke . Whoe seeke finde . But suche as weene they abound , and thinke they haue raught the chiefest blisse , slay as at the gole , nor mind to run further in that race . For who seeketh the Phisician , but first he feeie disease ? Christ calleth the labouringe , and laden . Them promiseth he rest and disburdening . For the charged with no burthen , neede none to vnlade theim . Therfore ( for I returne to my purpose ) the fewer Nobles we haue , the more constantly and earnestly must they trauayle , to attayne thys christian , geason , and vnwonted perfection , and excellence . And with all speede , cleare and scoure out the staine that so long hath fretted their Noble names . In whom all men , as I sayd , seeke and misse the perfect duties , and orders of the excellentst . So , shal they bothe accomplishe theyr dutye , and scape iuste blemishe of infamye , and further with theyr example , & aspire to the glory of true Nobilitye .

But fyth at fyrste , we comprysed the whole nature of Nobility , in three braunches : forasmuche as , of duty towardes God , and loue and behauiour towardes others , we haue alreadye spoken : the thyrd , and last● Act● must we now furnishe .

The third and last therfore , is the consideracion and orderynge of hym selfe . Duties of the Nobles towards them selues . For to him selfe is he muche indetted , to adourne eyther parte wyth certayne priuate vertues . least vtwarde exceding and surpassing in brauery , at home and inwardes he be naked & beggerly . For what we haue tofore mencioned , is publicke , & hath relacion to others . For holines & religion are referred to God . Nor may a man be stout , but in common peril , and the affaires of his countrey : nor liberall , but to others , nor iuste but in ciuile gouernment . But the better to skyll and learne to practise these , let him at his owne home , as in a free schoole shape & forme him selfe : before thence he be thruste abroade as into an open stage before he determine with others in the churche diuine ordinances religiously , and ciuile duties towards all and euery men . Herein must he learne to knowe him selfe , which is hardest : solitary to reuerence him selfe , which is seemeliest , to rule him selfe whyche is mightiest : to conclude , to conquer him selfe , which is most victorious . For , who inquireth of others life & maners ignorant of his owne , & is outwardes eyed , but homewards blind , and wanteyed : is plainly a foole . who blusheth not within him selfe , is shameles .

Who mastreth others , not hym selfe , a slaue . who risinge others superiour , becometh his owne inferiour , is a cowarde and impotente caytife . Let vs therfore somewhat say , of certaine the chiefe and principal pryuate practises , which him self vnder his owne rooffe ought exercise , that properlye honoure hym in his owne home . Temperance .

The first pryuate vertue , and leaste sightly , but not leaste seemely , to bee coueited and honord of a Noble man : is Temperance . which , Aristotle restrayneth to the pleasures of the paunche , and belye . Cicero stretcheth farther , whom wee at this present gladlier folowe . So notwithstanding , as we extend our arbitrement , and iudgement chiefely to those thinges , whiche properly and most commenly , are applyable to oure purpose , & the duties of a Noble man . Sith manifolde therfore , is the consideracion and respect of Temperance : wee wyl referre it to thre partes . Wherin , all her power is closed . That a Noble man thinke modestlye of him selfe , liue temperatlye , and continently , behaue hym selfe moderately , and soberly in all things .

For so her whole nature , though not moste suttellye boulted , yet maye hee plainliest vnderstod . For truly it happeth , that as wormes soonest breed in most precious woode , so these thre vyces , Pryde , Pleasure , Riot , or excesse : ( I wot not how ) in maner naturallye cleaue and creepe into Nobles . Pride therfore , shall modestye master . Pleasure shall continence tame . Excesse shall moderance and sobrietie banyshe . Be therefore , our noble mans mynde garded with suche modestye , that hee prise not ouermuch him selfe , as fleshe and bloude : lytle accompte his stocke , armes , name , titles , hys parents glorie , hys owne fame , honor , welth , and al the rest , that seeme to other noblest , and moste gorgeous : compare wyth none , aduaunce not hym selfe before other , no not his yonger brethren : not boast his liuinges , not ruffianly crake his scarres , not presume to the highest roomes , nor oughte chalenge otherwise then comelines and honesty will beare . So be his minde formed at home , so his thoughtes disposed , that he accompte him selfe noughte better for the accesse of any forren hap .

But so farre forth , as he proueth him selfe a man , by vertue . Whence ( Vir ) the name of man is borowed . This vertue the deuines terme humilitie .

Which Dauyd vsed , when he termeth him selfe no man , but a wormelynge and the scoffe and scorne of the people . and Mary likewise blusheth not to name her selfe the handmayd , and seruaunt of the lord . For most truly saieth Peter that God withstandeth the proude and is gracious to the humble and meeke . It is surely the mother , ground and scale to al other vertues . Begin Noble men therfore , to knowe theym selues . So shal they not be famous for Vice , but Noble through Vertue .

Learne they perfectlye , whence , and what they be . But this be knowen and learned neither knowe they them selues , nor iudge sincerelye of the selues . But either the cloude of ignorance clipseth their iudgemente , or the myst of pride , dimmeth theyr sighte , se as neyther they may for ignoraunce , nor wil for pride , beholde the liuely shape and forme of Nobilitye . Therfore whence they be , albeit clearely enough perhaps , without these my spectacle● they see : yet briefly will I shewe , that they may the easier minde from howe base beginning , they haue climed to this high clieue of Nobilitye .

For they are as the rest , men . That is Earth , Durt , Dust , and Haye , as all fleshe . Recorde of the Prophete .

Td be shorte , to the orderlye knoweledge of their miserye , propose they these three partes . Their birth , their life , theyr death . The selfe same birth the like life , euen and equall death .

For , as to our byrthe , we are in farre worse plite then was Adam our auncient progenitour . Of the earth was he created , then blessed . Of the same take we oure begynnynge , but accursed and detestable .

He framed in paradyse , we withoute , wretched , mortall , myserable , beset with millyons of miseryes , treasons , chaunces , foes , bothe ciuile and foren . woulde god , at laste , amids theyr daintie feastes , and pleasures , the Nobles would recounte this father , this mother , namely the earth . And euer haue these auncestours to fore theyr eyes , that so they moughte no longer vaunt them selues , other poorers superiours or betters , whome so muche they despise . But euen confesse them selues , theyr germaine brethren . Desrended of the selfe parentes , equall in basenes , misery , & obscurity of birthe . For so preache the holy scriptures . So thonder they to vs , yea ofte and earnestly . But hardly wyl a proud man , and to well perswaded of hym selfe , pufte vp with the Nobility of his auncestours , acknowledge this earthe , whyche with hys feete hee trampeth , hys mother . But so is hit wryten , so taughte , that herein a ryche and pore man ioyne , that the lorde , is creatour of both . what cause of pride , then haue they aboue the rest ? why recount they not ofte , with Philippe the Kynge of the Macedons , that they are borne as other ? and are men , and no more . For hee , after many lucklye atchieued enterprises , in his warres against the A thenians , his enemyes vanquyshed , and put to flighte , him selfe remaynynge glorious conquerour : feling in him self , after this victoryous successe , some mannishe ticklinge & pricks incident to mans nature , that also hee become statelier then of wont : commaunded one his seruaunte , euery morninge at his vprisinge , to crie to hym . Remember thou art a man . Would oure Nobles in like maner , charge herewith some one of theyr seruaunces , whome to to manye , to other vse they keepe : Who stil shold sing this song in their deaffe . eares & reuiue to their dulled memory , theyr frayle mortalitie , weakenes , mutabilitee , beggery , swathing cloutes , and firste cradels : of what mortalles , them selues mortalles , were borne : How suckling babes they were fed with pappe , and nursed with the selfe foode , and the selfe forte , as other wretched rascalles : and hereby , enforce them to acknowledge them selues men : It would I thinke much abate their statelines and pride , but the glory and immortalitye of their name nothing . For , would sometyme their minds & thoughts stoope hereto , wold they diligently ponder , consider , and weigh it : both more modestly & humblye would they iudge of them selues . For come we not all alike , into thys lyghte ? Weake , feeble , of tenderest fleshe , skinne , and body ? Unable to speake , goe , or eate , onely beggynge , wralling , & hanging on our mothers or nurses teates ? Are not in like forte , both the riche and poore , the Noble & rascal , bred , nursed , and fostered ? Beginne we not all , our life , with wrallyng , and cryes ? Wiseliest therfore , ofte wondreth the princely prophete Dauyd , at the mightye hande worke of God . And recounteth his maruailous creacion in his mothers wombe . Howe wonderously his bodies substance was compacted in secrete , & him selfe proporcioned in parted limmes , formed daye by day , and registred ( as it were ) in Gods booke . Howe erst he laye in his mothers wombe , an vnformed shape , and lifelesse fleshely masse .

Which freely be protefteth , and gladlye professeth he was borne , framed , and fashioned as other meanest men . So , though anoynted kynge , he blusheth not his mothers wombe , whence fyrst he parted , nor his first wrallyng Cradles , or swathing bandes .

What preeminence therfore , herein hath Nobilitye ? Syth of men , men , of mortalles , mortall , of wretches , wretched , and feeble they descend ?

Worthely sayde Euripides a Poete in deede , but herein true .

Nought proper haue we . All alyke begonne . Though some byrths be more fortunate then some .

So is none priuileged , but semblable , the birth of the noble and base .

To conclude , to leaue theyr natiuityes , and base byrth , yf nearelye you viewe their lyfe , and death , you shall finde them dealte withalll , I saye not worse then other , but trulye no whit more parcially . I passe by theyr infancie , whiche where others commenlye spende with theyr mothers , these against all nature , sucke straunge Nurses , not theyr mothers brestes . I passe ouer also theyr childehoode , oft to daintie , nice , and wanton , whyle others applye either free craftes , learnynge or laboure . Narowlye prie into the whole course of theyr life , and compare theyr plentie with the others ponerry , theyr ryot with thothers thrift , theyr daynties with thothers sparenes , theyr Idelnes with thothers trauayle , yet neither haue they more , nor honger ofter , nor eate gredelyer , nor liue dayntier , nor sleepe swetelier , nor fare helthier , but sicken ofter , and so die sooner . Such is theyr beginninge , such their meane race of life , such their death . For are not theyr deaths alike ? See we not them dayly die ? Yea as I said , ofte preuenting others ? and some time more perillouslye ? some spente with warre , other with surfet and effeminate pleasure , other sodenly reste by the swordes edge , the princes dyspleasure , or infinite other meanes and causes ? By al which , theyr weake and frayle Noblesse , and brickle mortall state , as well approued . To whyche thought , by this rehersal hereto I hale them , that mindfull of theyr base beginninge , consideringe theyr vnassured life , awaitinge with others death euer prest : they may ioyne humilytie , and modesty , as the lamps , to the reft of theyr vertues . wherwith as pleasaunte sawse , theyr whole lyfe maye be sweetened . where withoute , all dignitie stincketh , Nobility is contemptuous , yea theyr vertues are estemed vicer . Iustice liberalitie , magnanimitie , fortitude , yea religion it selfe , waxe beggerly , hateful and infamous not for theyr yll nature , but for they dwel ill , and harbour in a proude and arrogant person . Pryde is it , to vaunt Princely robes , not princely vertues . Pride is it , to lowte men of lower sort or pore lasers , as is some mens guise . Pryde is it , to terme ciuile subiectes , and honest citesens , knaues , theeues , villens , as wont the french Nobility . of which word notwithstanding , the Etymologye and reason theym selues knowe not . For villens be all , euen gentlemen , such as though free borne , lasted not from that nacions of spring , but were since receiued amongs them . So termed , of the word ( Villa ) for them selues or theyr auncestours , delighted in ferme places , or applied husbandrye , and tillage . As Budee witnesseth . But villens terme they theym in great despite , & reproche as vile . Of which sort many scorn●ful , bigge , & wyndy wordes they vse , chiefely against hulband men , and theyr poore neyghboures , whome rather they oughte embrace , cherishe , & greete , as frendes , neyghboures , and brethren . But this is theyr prides blame . It is also a touche of pride , not to listen their lofty cares to admonishemente , reprooffes , or threates pronounced oute of Goddes worde , and the mouthes of his mynisters , rghtly displayeng them theyr sinnes , to prouoke repentaunce .

They disdayne to heare their courtise lust , ambicion , stirred . Yea , therfore haue I ofte knowen , good ministers guerdoned with tauntes , scoffes , checkes , & boysteous threates , yea imprisoned some . Pride also it is , to contemne Eclesiasticall discipline , in all connsayles to withstand it , and wyth all theyr myght , to endeuour to hynder it . What ? are Nobles growen to such insolence , that they gnawe Gods byt to be vnbrydeled ? That lawelesse they sinning and faulty , would by no censure , no lawe be chastued ? For I am not ignoraunte , what threates , what terrours they thunder , what mistes they stirre , what feares they rayse , if any dare once open his mouth to excommunicate a Noble man .

But whye playne I herein the pryde and statelines of this order ? Sith them selues that excommunicate , that write them selues seruauntes of seruaunts , and successours of humble Peter , yea vicars of humblest Chryst : they they I saye , in thys abuse , seeme seeme not onely comparable , hut euen farre to excede them ? These are agreued to be touched by name . If oute of scripture ought bee obiected them , they rage , raue , burne , and curse as blacke as pitche , euen flea and teare men . But of such excommunicatours , meant I not tofore . Other Christian ministers meane I , who to this intente proclayme theyr adulteryes , whordomes , dissolutenes , mischieues and sacrileges : For they should repent & not returne as dogges , to theyr former vomite and elder pride . Nothinge more gloryous then an humble noble man , nothinge more intolerable then a proud Lorde , nothinge in a gentleman more commendable , then modestie . Wherfore here in first shine theyr temperance , to beare not lofty but lowly minde not seeme in their owne conceite wise , shew no signe of arrogance , in wordes , life , or apparayle , eyther by iesture or countenance . The mate and sygne of modestye , is shamefastnes , and basheful blushing . The hewe of vertue , wherewith hit is commendable , to see yong gentlemens cheekes stayned .

The seconde mayme of minde , Continence that ought be rased , is also a certayne intemperance to cure whereof , inserueth continence . For so translate I worde for word . Aristotles 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . Hit he reposeth only , and properly , in delightes of sensuall feelinge , and thinketh by abuse , extended to honour money , and other like . The proper prayse whereof , is to abstayne Venereall sweetes , to brydle fleshly lustes , to contemne and reiect voluptuous pleasures , not led by them , them to leade , chaine , and driue . For that sorte of pleasure , dasleth the mindes sharpe sighte , dimmeth the wittes lighte , in fecteth wisedome with follye , weakeneth the strong , peruerteth the godly , transformeth the Noble to swyne , to Sheepe , whirleth the whole man nowe here , nowe there besydes hym selfe . She as sole Empresse of the worlde , bewitcheth emperours with her bawdie potion . She onely conquereth capitaynes , commaundeth Kinges , and triumpheth on Emperours . For infected not Flora Pompey , a prince otherwyse not altogether vicyous ? Conquered not Cleopatra Cesar , so valeant conquerour ? Maryed not Antonius the selfe same minyon , thoughe a commen harlot ? Spoyled not the Campane Queanes Haniball , the Greekes Philyp ? Phrine that famous strumpet , bewitched Timothee : Lamia Demetrius : and other Nobles , other strompets led and byledd , as captiues , at theyr wyl and becke . whiche slaunderous stayne of so Noble personages , historyes whist not yet at this daye . Whyche euerye wyse , chast , vnpartiall reader , and such as abhorreth not vertue , detesteth yea in those , to whome onelye nature , hath lyghted some sparke of knowledge . But otherwyse farre , wyll all posterytie iudge of Christians when they shall pervse theyr bankettes ' , ryotts , lustes , adulteryes .

Chryste wylled vs , to bee gods holy temple . Why then prophane we oure selues , with vncleane , & filthye harlotry ? Why feare we not , with horrible mischieues , to stayne the harborough of the holy ghost ? The darknes , night and corners , bewraye much . But ( O shame ) why search I corners , sith the Sonne , mydday , & al mens open sight dyscouer moste clearlye as at noone daies , and the high market Crosse , so abhomynable factes ? But herein Nobilytie , vaunt them selues in maner , priuyleged . If so , the more they maye , the lesse list they . For who more maye then meete is , hathe wycked licence . But may any , offend with lecherous life , the immortal & chastest God , and the eies of his purest seruaunts ? folow stolne venerye , and facts not in deede onelye , but euen in talke stinkinge ? Nicocles in Isocrates , thoughe a Kynge , though a Paynim , teperately passed his vnstayned life . And bosteth hee neuer knewe other , then hys owne wyfe . teaching hys subiectes , by hys presydent , to lyue a lyke .

But what in these dayes , is done by those , who fill the highest honoures , and empyres , so god saue me , my talk blusheth to tell . And I forbeare to launce godly eares , with the filthines of the talke , such dedes requyre .

But th appeachers thereof , are the Sunne and Moone , the heauen & earth . Nor lyeth ought couered , to the great offence of the weake , the Iewe● , and Turkes , seyng suche crimes commen emonges those , that beare the name of Christ , and professe his ghospell . And with such especially , as seeme , & are accounted Christianest . Who should be to others , both theyr countreymen , and forreyners , presidents of perfect●t continence . This licence ought be restrayned euen in the highest . Dionisius kynge of Sic●le , vnderstandinge hys sonne had forced the wyfe of one his subiecte : in great rage asked him , yf euer he learned that touche of his father● ? To whom the prynce replyed . Your father syr , was not a kyng . So princely seemd it to this gentleman to haunt whoredome . But hereto , what reioyned the father ? Nor shalt thou truly , if euer thou double this deede , haue sonne . Threatning him death , if euer he incurred like crime . Yf a wicked tyranne , wonlde not suffer so haynous cryme vnpunished in hys sonne , What ? shal we thinke it lawefull for Noble men , quite , I saye not to rauishe others : but diuorce theyr owne wiues , commendable for good name , beautye , and dowrie ? to be double , yea treble maried at once ? To wed theyr brothers wyues ? To abuse their true wiues as harlotts , and vse harlottes as wiues ? But sith in my fyrst entry , I promised to vse gentlenes in chiding , chastitie in talke : albeit the borrour of the fact , require vengeance , not onely with nippinge wordes , but seuere rigoure : Yet wyll I staye my selfe , nor chaffe in talke , sith here I meane to geue enstructions , not amplify abuses . But this can I not dissemble . Whoremongers and adulterers god will iudge . And that otherwhere hereto Paule ioyneth . No adulterer shal enter the kyngdome of which sounded warre , he much honored . Which wel may we extend to all iestes , tryfles , wanton & light toyes . But by these fewe , had I rather the rest were conceyued , then with muche talke to breede lothsomnes , or offence to the reader .

Agaynst excesse and ouermuch magnificence . Nowe remayneth it we speake of the thyrde parte , wherein consisteth the meane of all thinges , and comelines it selfe , and as it were a certaine honour of life , and temperate refrayning ryot , and superfluous magnificence . What we haue taughte , is of thinges fastened and grafted in hym selfe . What foloweth , toucheth those that are in deede withoute hym , but yet belong onelye to him , his pryuate house , and household . In conclusion , fyue poyntes oughte here be touched . A noble and honourable mans . Table , apparayle , buildinges , playes , trayne . Wherein I wil briefelye note the simplicitye of the auncientes , the ryot and excesse of oure Nobles . That by the one may appear , what is commendable : by the other what discommendable and nedeth refourmyng .

¶ Of his Table , and prouision , A Noble mans Table . as lawgeuer I decree no thing . Nor will I prescribe him , any diete of meates and drinkes . Which according to his bealth , his acquaintance with his body , and his owne wit and wisedome , he ought limite him selfe . For , well I wot , this estate , for the most , breedeth sober , ciusle , and most temperate personages . And many Nobles shall you fynde , small caters , lesse drynkers :

Farre greater gluttons , and quaffers emonges the commen sorte . But in the most misse I domestical discipline and blame their excesse . Wherein , fault maye growe two wayes . Eyther in quantitie : or qualitye . Quantitie meane I , when in sumpiuousnes , and magnificence they exceed meane . For , it happeth manye times , they feede not so muche theyr bellyes , as eyes . And albeit them selues modestlye vse it , yet so greate furniture is there , such store of dainties , as would not onely suffise the ghestes , but euen cloye anye Hercules , herdes of wolues , for our neede , but pleasure . But what so is superfluous is lothsome , and vnsauerye , and looseth all the sweete , in enioyeng . For neither take they meat to staye their harkinge stomackes , or to appease theyr hongers rage , nor feele they therein any pleasure .

The emperour Pertinax had nine pound of fleshe scrued in at . 3. seueral courses But nowe , what shewe of dishes , what store of seruices ? Nor nowe . 9. but a hundred poundes , and more , are serued to a small nomber , I say not in kinges or emperours courtes : but euery lordes house . In times past , as Plinye witnesseth , they kepte in theyr housen no cookes , but hyred theym from the shambles . Nowe . 5.6.7.10 . suffise not to bye , furnishe , scald , seeth rosle , bake , stewe , mynse , and sawse , so infinite sortes of dyshes . Nor yet contenteth it some daintye mouthes , but they haue forren and straunge cates . We read , that Romulus was a very sober and spare prince . And afore , I mencioned , Epaminundas would be sober in others dronkennes . For , howe infamous is it , anye where to fynde a Noble man a bibber ? But dronken , or dronkerd most villaynous . Wherfore the quaffing of the dutche Nobilitye , is presently haled through al realmes And for there are found some sturdye cospottes , theyr blame turneth to the infamy of the whole nacion . As some also terme Englishmen , gluttons , not for they rauen so muche , for they are for the most , as spare feeders as any : But , for they prepare so muche , and with such plentie and variety of meates , and sumptuons furniture , charge not them selues , but theyr tables , with superfluous dishes . And to speake indifferently , no where els euer sawe I or heard , tables spread with suche excesse , all partes so farsed with lauishenes , as some Nobles may worthelye compare , euen with any Lucullus . For that most vnworthy is , the very scrappes , which might suffise many families , & feede huge heapes of beggers , are lothed not onely of their seruauntes , but euen of the boyes , and scullerye . And that most villainous is , not onelye whole beefe and mutton , but euen capons and connyes , left by seruauntes , are cast to houndes and spanielles . The meane whyle , many Lazares lieng at that dores , vnrelieued , yea with a cromme of bread . Which albeit I presuppose , happeth often the maysters vnwitting , through the neg linence of their seruauntes : yet thus warnet , but timelye they abate somewhat of this theyr immoderate excesse they wil abye it most dearely .

Bothe , for they suffer the good giftes of god be spilt , and also , for throughe theyr defaulte , so many needye members of Chryste peryshe wyth famine , whyche might be relieued with a bare boane . Neyther warne I onelye our Englyshe nacyon , but all others , who more pryse theyr houndes , then the poore , for whom Chryst dyed . Not onely shall they be called dogges as that Cananite , but also in the kyngedome of heauen , the poore be preferred them .

Auncient Nobilitye , I much reuerence whose Tables were spredde in deede , not laden wyth diuecs dyshes , but alwayes open to theyr neyghhoures , the needye , to all straungers and commers . Which at this daye , also is continued of some , but onelye in Christemas times , and other solemne feasts . Hawebeit of some commenly , and gladly would I , both sparer and seelder . But not onely in varietye , and quantitie , but in quality also they trespasse . As in times paste , manie Apitii . Who were to nice with ouerconning and queynt mouthes .

Cicero twiteth Hircius , for he coulde not suppe without a peacocke .

Who was ( as him selfe reporteth ) his scoler in learninge , but his mayster in feastynge . For of Heliogabalus what should I saye ? Who appoynted pryses for the inuentours of straunge dishes . Who exceded all the Vitellians and Luculles . Who liued with preseruatiues of the Fowles tounges , whiche wee call Phenicopters , and the braynes of Geese and Peacockes .

Whose fishepondes had springes of rosewater . O daynty monster , worthye to die in a draught , as after happed . But we must imitate , and expresse the thrifte of the auncientes , I saye not philosophers , as Taurus , Socrates , Plato , Diogenes : But princelye personages , Emperours , & good lawes . Before the thyrd Punike warre , by C. Fannius it was enacted , that none should eate more birdes then one hen . Which yll they obserue , who haue euery where factours for theyr bellye , theyr carpenters of Coquerie , and deuisours of pleasures and daintyes . who feede on sparowes , peacockes , fleshe , fishe , and all so , tes of vyands And bye vp the farthest , rarest , and costlyest , neclecting their home cates , at theyr noses , or of easye pryce . As who lyenge farre of the sea , woulde eate but fyshe : and nearer to it , the dayntyest fleshe . To nice and fine be these cormorants , not vnlike those ladies , whom they say thinges farre fet , & dere bought best feete . Or women , I haue hearde of , who scorned to bye egges at ten or twelue the penny , but gladly gyue as muche for one . As thoughe , the quantitye of pryce , commended the goodnes of the vittayle . In auncient times , rarest was the vse of wine . For many yeares was it forbidden women in Rome . So that longe afore anye lawe therefore decreed , one Egnatius Metentinus , for kyllyng with a batte , his wife drinkynge wyne from the hogseheade : was quyt and cleared by the iudgemente of Romulus . And theyr Nobles as I sayde , dronke but theyr countrey wyne . But by the Consuls , the forren & straunge wines , were by litle and litle brought in . So as at length , fowre sortes wer chyefelye commen , and receyued , in the time of Iulius Cesar . Of Phalerne , of Chius , of Cyprus , and Lesbos . Lucullus onely once , sawe Greeke wyne in his fathers house . But him selfe retourning from Asia , destributed more than a hundred thousand tonnes , to make his largicion magnificent .

So stealyngly creapt in dronkennes . at length , of such impudence , that M. Antonius , wrote a booke of his owne dronkennes . Whose dronken prayse to drowne , M : Giceros sonne , was wont at once to drynke .ii. gallons . Whyche nowe is no straunge stryfe . Otherwise read we of Cato , who seeld dronk wine . And being in Spayne , vsed no other then his mariners . Of Noble men therfore requyre I moderate vse of meales and drinkes . Nor onely moderate vse , but more spare furniture . That all excesse be abolyshed , measure kepte , and respecte hadde of theyr dignity . Folowe they the honourable exaumple of Antoninus Pius , not nygard but Noble , not filthye but fruitefull , that theyr plentye want reproofe , theyr sparyng , nygardise .

And theyr Table be stored , not so much , wyth farre set or sought dayntyes : as the prouision of theyr owne seruauntes , fawconers , fishers , hunters . And thus much of the measure , quantitye , and qualitye . But syth theyr meates are powdred with manye sawses , to prouoke appetyte : purchase they chiefly these 3 past all spicerye . Honger exercise talke meete for a free and ciuile feast . That honger is the sweetest sawce , Socrates taught . Who wonted with exercise to hunte for it afore meales . Trauayle , runnynge , sweate , were the Lacedemonians sawces , as withnesseth Cicero . Whom well pleased and liked , that blacke broth , that so much misliked Dionisius Then therefore must they eate , when they hunger , then drinke when they thirst . The myghtye prynce Darius , cloyed tofore with rables of Cookes , Hurtors , Cators , maysters and doctors of Kitchenrie , and greasers of the throate : drinkyng in his flyght , muddye puddle water , though stynkynge wyth deade coarses , denyed he euer dranke sweeter draughte . For than dranke he thirstie , whyche neuer tofore . But wyse and godlye talke , and reasoninge of matters pertinente eyther to godlye life , or concernynge the common wealth ( so within theyr bounds and in due time ) sometime also pleasaunte and merye , so not trifelinge or fylthye : profyte not onelye to prouoke stomacke , but also to feede the mynde . Which wanteth neither reason , nor presidents of Princes . For , Adrian th emperour , whose modestye , stoode in steede of lawe to his Subiectes , exhibited in his diners , Tragedies , Comedies , Poesyes , and Doulcimers . Nor is the vse of Musike amisse at this daye , so Herodiades wanton daunsyng and bawdye ballets wante . For the custome is auncient , as appeareth by Homere . Fayning one Demodocus synginge the Troyan warre in Vlisses presence . Nor ought time of laughter be denyed pleasaunt wittes , so they passe not theyr boundes , and no talke or banket exclude Chryste , euer present both a ghest and feaster . Doubteles they may vnbend theyr browes , and reuiue their spirites with mery talke : yet wholesome and profitable . As Cicero a sage counsaylour , reporteth him selfe a ghest not of muche meate , but much mirth . Macrobius writeth in the feast dayes called Saturnalia , the princes of the Romayne Nobilitye assembled , spent most part of the day , wyth weighty consultacions : but the supper-while wasted with table talke . For , I meane not so to plie the Nobles with studye , as that Chrisippus : into whose mouth , incessauntly reasoning of Philosophicall suttiltyes , Melissa poared meat . Nor requyre I all men , to be Plinyes , who studyed , red , and noted euen supperwhile , and runninge , as Plinye reporteth of his vncle . But , that wise , christian , and learned talke flowe from Nobles in their feastes .

What ghestes they ought bydde , we haue already shewed , entreatynge of liberality , not parasites , or fooles , not iessers , not bawdy minstrels , not men made to please the eares or tickle the minde . nor simple soules for laughters sake , ( as reporteth Demosthenes of Philippe , and Cicero of Chrisogonus ) Nor the nedeles riche , ne yet the poore rather to laughe at , then pitye , as some do . Which is also accompted emongs Heliogabalus worthy feates . Namelye , to byd emonges other his ghestes . 8. bald , 8 purblind , 8. gowtie , 8. deaffe , 8. murrions , 8. slimsbies , 8. fat & foreaten slouens , to feede with extreme laughter his wretched lust . Chryste willeth to call the poore , eyther liuing thinly , or hardly toyling with trauayle , and enforced to lyue on others trencher , and supplye theyr wantes otherwhere . These are Christian suppers , most honourable seastes and worthye Nobles .

¶ But of apparayle , thys must we principallye holde . Of appacell . That it is a matter indifferente , nor greatlye materyall what anye weare . For , neyther lendeth the garment Nobilitye , nor harmeth or dishonoureth the person . Neuertheles , syth we are al naturally proner to euell then good , when to oure nature of it selfe corrupte , occasion cleaueth as a prycke or prouoke ment : braue garmentes , maye in one not altogether persecte , nor whollye Christes , be instrumentes of pryde .

Instrumentes I terme them , for euen in base apparayle , the mynde maye be no lesse hawtye , then in gorgeous Nor lesse pryde lurketh in the brattes of a Beggar , than the purple Roobes of a Noble . Yet somewhat herein ought as well Noble men as women obserue . Fyrst that all superflutiye be shonned , and immoderate desyre of brauerye . Whych also ( as the rest , ) I wyll teache by example of antiquiquitie . For the lawes of the Censors , and expences , forbadd excesse no lesse herein , then in banketting . The emperours therfore , partly thinking hit a po●nt of a base and abtect stomake , to vaunte gorgeous garmentes , and partlye for others example , dyfferd in apparayle , not much from meaner men . But farre beneth theyr honour and dignitie , apparayled them selues . For , Agesilaus vsed euer this sayenge . It was a Prynces parte , not in wantonnes and nicenes , but the ornamentes of vertues , to exceede the commens . And therefore in the fower chaunges of the yeare , vsed one onely coate . In his tentes had no costlyer couche , then any commen souldyor .

And the sharpe winter walked alway coatlesse , couered onelye wyth hys cloake .

That by his example , both aged and kynge , he might induce yonge men to like hardnes of lyfe . Volaterranus mencioneth that Lewes the. 11. of Fraunce , Alphonsus of Sicyle , and Mathye kinges of Hungarye : for the basenes of theyr apparayle , were hardely discerned from the commen sorte . Such are , and haue bene , many in Englande . Who ware the selfe liuery they gaue . Nor differd from their men , so muche in vt warde as inward ornaments . But now , but on all partes they glyster , with longe and massie chaine , with flauntynge plume , with costlye and rare araye : scarse thinke they them selues accompted gentlemen . And as whylome Heliogabalus neuer doubled the weare of one garmente : so these exceede in chaunge , and hit most sumptuous . So as almost day by day , they weare seuerall , and those sutable . Shewing them selues one day crimsen , other whyte , the next black from the crowne to the sole . Iust cause is there or feare , leaste coueting to seeme to trim in a matter of nought , at last they become to beggerlye and bare . Scarse clothed with one course garmente . But besette with yeares and brattes .

But as to women , ther is a manyfest decree in the scriptures , enacted by Peter and Paule Apostels , that they exceede not in sumptuousnes , that with modest habite , shamefastnes , and huswifery , they attyre them selues . Not with spanges , golde , pearles , or gorgeous ara ye . But as beseemeth women professing godlines , in good deedes . Hierome also mencioneth , an honourable lady , at the commanndemet of her husband Hymet●us , vncle by the father , to Eustachius the virgin : chaunged her habite , and attyre And tressed vp her scattered heare , after the worldly guise . For truly christians & christen women , beseemeth a cleane and comely habite , not vnworthy Chryst theyr head . But whereto tendeth effeminate and nice araye , but to bewray an vnmanlye minde ? Wherefore Socrates goynge euer for the most vnshod : sayd these players weedes were feete for Tragedie and Comedie actors , but nothing auaylable to honest lyfe . Next , must they obserue , that to the vtward glistering , the comelines of mind , and inward beautie , and brauerye of maners be aunswerable ▪ least , when the attyre beseemeth , the fylthe of mynde shame . Therfore , when they do on theyr costly robes , with that selfe laboure remembre they , they are the tokens and signes of vertue . That likewise ought the inward ornamentes shyne , and ( as it were ) the glistering of vertue appeare . Not yll warned Diogenes one curiouslye sleekynge his heare with oyntmente , that the neate order of his head , caused not the disorder of his life . Beware also they must , leaste shininge vtwardes , perfuming the ayre with sweetest odoures , and altogether dayntye and neate : inwardes they be found vncleane and stinkyng . Nor thinke they theym selues happyer , for theyr riche & costly-robes : but acknowledge their coates the couers of many cares . As the king Antigonus hearyng an olde Vecke pronounce him happye : discretelye and wisely replyed . Wist thou , o woman , how many euels these roabes shroud , scarse wouldest thou stoope to take them from the myre . For , not onelye are good Nobles more carefull and combred then others : but also , more open and proane to peril . Whych consideracion bringeth modesty , and selfe contempt . Hereto also calleth them , the basenes of the thinges , that swell them . For gold , siluer , veluet , nought els renoumeth , then mans fonde estimacion . The first , being onely frutes of the earthe , the basest elemente : the last , the seede of a simple worme , of the people Seres , whiche two monkes brought from Serindia , a citye of Indye , to Iustmian at Constantinople , shipped thence into Italye , and other partes of Europe . For , of her seede couered with dunge , sylke wormes bred , fed wyth mulberye leaues , spinne silke . And therefore , the emperours esteemed ndt so hyghely Silkes , & Veluets , whiche Aurelianus had neuer in his wardrobe . Sayeng , he would neuer paise thread with golde . For then was an ounce of silke , solde for like weyght of golde . Alexander Seucrus also , seeld ware sylke , veluet neuer . So nothinge was antiquitie proud of this wormes flyece .

But now , what more esteemed ? Yet what commenner . For when once in Italye , store of mulberyes planted , bred plenty of them : euerye varlet ware it . So as nowe , it is turned to saddels and horse trappers . The Milesian wer in times paste noted , for abroad , they would be princely , at home beggerly . Which well may we at this daye applye , to some wrongfully termed Nobles . Then whom abroade none brauer , none trimmer : at home , none baser none filthier . Wherfore , either the matter whereof it is wroughte , or the commennes and stalenes , ought breed contempt therof in a noble courage . And cause , that not so much with forren as home cloth , he clothe him selfe . Or , yf needes he woulde so be apparayled , thynke at least , so lyght a toye should not so lightly rayse his stomake But , bothe the deare price of the substaunce , and fondenes of fashyons , is much reprehensible . For it is changed and altered daylye . And what Raphaell Volaterranus complayneth of his Italye , that may we muche trulyer , of our England . Whych not content with her owne , or the presente guise , lyueth as straunge . Counterfaytinge , thys day one , tomorowe another , the next daye other , and so continually strange shape and forme . As eyther newe fashion is borrowed of forren realmes , or inuented in the wily tailours shoppe But , what more monstrous then onely on the makyng of a daunsinge doblet , to bestowe almost . 90. crownes .

But what nowe I meane to tel ( whiche I speake but on report ) is almoste incredible , and most monstrous .

That . 3. payre of hoose for one man , cost 800. crownes . And what summes of money , euen onely feathers waste , London merchauntes knowe , and I haue heard . But sith prefentiye I remember not the certaintie , I list not fayne , Least happly I mysse the truth and lye . Shortly , be this the summe , that none waxe proud of apparayle . But , repose him selfe in his myndes giftes . That peacocke like , they prise not more then right them selues , with their painted plumes . Sith nor the horse for his Veluet trappers , nor the byrd for her golden cage , wonteth to conceyue any stately pride . But rather the first in swift race , the other in swift winge . So contemne a Noble man those vtward , and more & more coueyt these inward ornamentes . Be the ende of apparayle , to shrowde the bodye , to chase colde , hauing respecte of healthe , strengthe , honestye● , and comelynes .

Of a Noble mans b●●se . ¶ Hit foloweth nowe , we speake of Noble mens buildinges . For , who weene any parte of happye life , consisteth in this worlds bricklenes : seeme not to theym selues happye enoughe , though finely clad , daintely fedde , but also they dwell princely . Then which happe , is nought more miserable .

Which Salomon the kinglye preacher , reckeneth amonge the commenlye accompted goodes , in his searche of the soueraigne good . I haue compassed ( ꝙ he ) great driftes . Built housen , planted vines , leueld gardens and Paradises , and in them set all sortes of fruytfull trees . Plentiful pondes haue I made to water shadye groues . Wherein he describeth al mennes driftes . Yea , of our dayes . But some what after foloweth . I turned to all the workes my handes had finished , and the trauaile I tooke , and loe al vanitie and trouble of minde , and nothing lastinge vnder the sonne . A golden sayeng of the wysest preacher . Which , would Nobles graue and carue on their postes , pillers , walles , house , and entryes , ouer theyr dores , and priuie chambers : no poesye should they fynde more passing or pithy . For vanitye of all vanityes sayeth the preacher , and all trulye vanitye . If then there be so greate vanitie , and vainenes rest in al thynges : what dignitie , what Nobilitye may be purchased by buyldynge ? Yet thys vanitye worke we not ( say they ) on vaine consideracion but iust cause . Both hospitality growe , iustice more indifferentlye be ministred , Cityes more flouryshe , Citesens be linkd in nearer amitie , and the neyghboure poore ofter relyeued . Which all , by thys theyr solitarye secession , are executed seelder , colder , , negligenter , and throughe theyr farther distance , lesse commodiouslye . Why rather imitate they not the aunciente Romayne Nobles ? who reserued theyr manoures & farmes , rather to sport and refreshe them selues , then to inhabyte . as Pompeye , Pomponius Atticus , Crassus , Ciccro , and others . Whose succour , presence , ward , neither that city wanted , nor their patronage , councell , or ayde● the citesens . For in those daies rather chose they to decke the publike buildynges , then priuate , the commen citie then their owne homes . As Aristides , Pericles , at Athenes , Curius , Fabricius , at Roome . In whose housen , onelye them selues , were beautiful and golden .

Noble was that vaunte of Augustus , and worthye a Monarche .

Left to al Magistrates and Nobles , to imitate . Brycke huylt tooke I Roome , I leaue it Marble . Euer , more ought he theyr care of publyke safetye , and dignitye , then priuate honour . But , the renoume and glorye alleaged for second cause , is alike vaine & vayneft . Whiche yet moued and tickeled many , euen in Chrisostoms dayes . For , do we good to the poore ( saye they ) who seeth it ? Yf any , not many , yf manye , but for a time . And time passeth , and ther withal , the memory of th employed benefite . Better therfore , to rayse buildinges , which men not now onely , but many ages after , may behold . O foole , what profiteth thee this memory , tormented where thou art , and where thou are not commended ? And this commendacion of the quicke howe reacheth it to the dead ? Againe , time wil end this praise , and aged yeres shal blot & freat out thy name and house , with thy proud praise & memory . For , if the golden Capitoll nowe mustye wayleth , yf the noblest frames lye drenched in darckenes , if Lucullus most magnificent manors are sōke into obliuion , chrough the malice of al freating time , and nowe lye rased and neglected : why vainely flatterest thou thy buyldinges , with any eternity or lasting length ? Where are now those famous temples of Hierusalem and Delphos ? Where the church of Minerua ?

Where the Image and huge statue of the Ephesians great Diana ? Where the Pyramydes of Memphis ? Where the vawtes ? where the triumphante arches ? Where so huge platformes ? Where the owners , contriuers , and carpenters , of so princely palayces ?

Thy house thoughe glisteringe with golde , siluer , and precious stoanes , is but a swalowes neaste , of durte and strawes . In winter shall it fall , and as a spiderweb , be pearced with euery blast , and perishe . So is this cause like vayne . Nor ought sounder is the thyrd : for they will leaue it their chyldren . Whom thus aunswereth Dauyd They hoarde treasure , knowynge not for whom . For if thou quicke forgot theym ofte , after thy death they maye be reft thy sonne . For eyther tyrants seeke to entrappe thee , or false accusers with forged crime , as poysoned darte , in one momente , with one lye , one wyle , wyll bereue thee , that thou with so great charge , so long time hast raysed . So shal thy children be as couduyte pipes , which receyuing water , and seruing others , drinke none . Or yf others preuent them not , them selues as gulfes and qwaues , consume right oft great patrimony . For ofte , a thryftie father succeedeth a prodigal soonne . Who selleth all , not leauyng so much as tyle or stone . As Crassus bordeth on Brutus . Or with gluttony , & dising , scatter they infinite substance , gathered with great sweates . And strayne whole maners and lordships , through a deyntye throate . Suche one mencioneth Valerius Maximus , one Crassus , surnamed bankrupte & ryche . Who though beggerlye , and vnable to satisfye his creditours , and a needy wretche , was still saluted riche . So these gluttons , as if naked they gathered nuttes , as iesteth Cicero , pocket all in theyr bellyes . Wherefore , sith bothe vaine is their hope of securitye , and searche of glorie , and superfluous theyr heyres care : No sufficiente causes are there , whye these earthlye , frayle , temporall harborowes of our body , wauing with euerye biast , open to al enemies roades , ryfe to al perill , should be decked with such cost , statelines , and magnificence . These faultes therfore auoyded , be this moderance vsed . Fyrst , hauing of his parentes , a house able to shroude him from showers , and kepe hospitalitye : rashely enlarge it not , ( as many that rase , rayse , buylde , alter frome square to round , from round to square ) but vse it thankefullye . For the house honoureth not the owner , but the owner the house . Nor deeme he him selfe his parents better , but worthye a fayrer house . Euer beare he thys of Horace in his brest .

Happye who farre from courtly toyle As Princes did in elder while Eareth with his beastes his natiue soyle .

But if neede and constraynt requyre newe buyldynge , pryncipallye prouidehe , the groundeworkes be iustlye layde , not with others iniurye or nusaunce . Not in others soyle , but his owne . Not in anye commen but his seuerall . That he buylde not of the sacke , and spoyle of the poore , but his owne goodes . God would not bloudye Dauyd should buyld his temple . Haue the whole frame and worke this respect . To tende to vse , not shewe . Be it large , but to entertayne straungers . For , therin is not largenes discommended . As wytnesseth Ciccre . So be his doare and entrye contryued , as they open to all good , poore , and Pilgrimes : close to al vagabonds needelesse and vicious .

¶ As in fare , apparayle , buyldinges , they must obserue dignitye , Of Noble mens sportes . so in theyr playes and sportes , ought they keepe the golden meane .

Thereof are two fortes . That more commendable whyche is stouter and manlier . And hath in it somwhat stately and warlike . The Greekes vsed fyue sortes , whirling , leaping , casting the darte , wrestling , running . Who conquered in al , was guerdoned with a fiue double game . Who in fowre was termed a quartane . In Virgyle , Eneas is both a game maker and lawegeuer . And ordayned playes and gaue pryses . The other sorte , many doubte whether christians , made for earnest , not sporte : or Nobles that should couple maiestye with their leasure , maye vse . As daunsing , fayninge to instrumentes , playe at dise , chesse , or tennes Wherein if othes , excesse , gayne , and couetyse of lucre be left : if honest plea sure , not filthye gayne be sought : I thinke , they maye in time and place be vsed . Sith to the cleane , nought is vncleane . And not the thing so muche as the vsers entent is faultye . Salomon sayeth . A time to sighe , a time to sing . Dauyd with the harpe swaged Sawles fury . And Achilles emongs the Greekes maistred his owne passion . Yea Hercules with yong children , Agesilaus with his sonne , Socrates with Alcibiades , Architas with his seruaunts , not onely played but trifeled . Men yet no fooles , but sagest , princelyest , and godliest philosophers , kinges , and dukes , past al comparison . Sceuola also , plaied at tennesse Swimming and shooting , haue some shewe of warfare , and are holesome for the bodye , yeldinge it by exercise , nimble to obey the minde . The citisens of Cuma , trayned theyr chyldre in fightinge , swimminge , and wrestlyng . But herein , as the reste , this is worthy not onelye blame , but sharpe correction . That Nobles vse dyse & cardes , oftener , & to other ende , than they ought . Nor , once begonne , ende or kepe meane . Yea , some so profyte in madnes , that theyr whole enheritance , they set at one vnhappy throwe . Endinge at laste their sporte , in earnest , brall , bludsheds and slaughter . So as of the disinge Comedie cometh Tragicall ende . Namelye othes , curses , blasphemies , banninges , miserye , calamitye , beggerye , Tyburne . In daunsing also flye they lasciuious and wanten gesture . Obserue not so muche measure , as the health and exercise of bodye . To conclude , neuer slippe , that not so comicall as sage sawe ( To much of nothynge ) from theyr myndes .

That play be a releasing of the minde to renew our strength , to strengthen our health .

Of a Noble mans trayne . Of theyr trayne , in summe obserue Nobilitie three thinges . Whom they ought reiect , whom retayne , howe to entreate them . Reiect they ought generallye , all superfluous seruauntes . Who nor already skill , nor trauayle to attayne any good arte . For if we haue condemned sluggishe ▪ Nobles , much lesse allowe we theyr seruaunts ydle . Yet howe manye handlesse men , hath the present Nobility ? Howe vnfruitefull trayne ? what flockes ? howe much ydle seruyce ? but chiefely chase they flatterers who houer vnder their rooffes , as swalowes and mise , for theyr owne gayne , not theyr loue .

Who with their tales transforme and coloure all thinges . Crouche at euerye becke , Maske vice for vertue . As the Parasites , & cuppeflyes of Alexander , Dionisius , Philyppe . The Table mates , Apes , yea Lyse , and Flees of ryche and Noble men . As wonted Platos frends to counterfayt his crompe shoulders , and Aristotles his stutterynge . Haue accusers and taletellers no entrye . Who droupe tales in Noble mens eares , and accuse and slaunder theyr felowes . To suche be theyr eares and doares locked . For they breede debate sayeth Salomon . Nor , must wise heades keepe naturalles , bawdes of pleasure , or iesters . Nor , lurke there couetous Gehises , brybetakers as that Elizeus seruaunte . For , these are eyther starke with idlenes , and loyterers : or mischeuous . of whom neyther forte oughte theyr gates admitte . For liuinge ydell , attendynge onely at dyners or suppers , or folowyng theyr lordes to the court , or otherwise , flattering them : the whole daye nought doyng , consuming their wages in dise & gamning ( to name no worse ) they become contriuers of manie mischieues : and applye their mindes to theft , to whicked deuises horrible to be named . Which sinke must be pompd . Els shall their lorde abye to the lorde their blame . These rascalles , and rakehels , thus ridden , shortlye learne they whom to retayne . Onely necessary seruaunts , as hyndes to entende theyr tillage , or other officers of house holde . As secretaries , Butlers , Purseuaunts , and other inferiour . Then , good counsailours , frendes and trusty seruauntes . For the euell stayne as pytche . A deuine is a singuler ornament in a Noble mannes house . Not onely in his sickenes to comforte hym correct him strayenge , councel him in all his affayres : but also to be to hym both a spurre , iudge and preacher .

A counsaylour he can not misse , to resolue all his neyghboures , that they be not forced to sue the lawe , wrapped with so infinite crickes and moote poyntes . But forthwith , this our christian and learned Sceuola frely enstruct them in al controuersie , and discharge of all care . Alexand er Seuerus had assistants , in penninge his letters , hys libelles , in aydinge his memorye , teachers sixe . or . 7. lawyers , what more what lesse twenty . Nor enacted he any law , which was not first by them boulted to the brenne . Alway is a learned man an ornament in a Noble mans house and continueth his whole familye in theyr dutye . Whiche euer kepte the auncient and reuerend Nobilitye .

Scipio , when sente in embassie , he had in his trayne but fyue : One was his frende , familier , and teacher , Panetius . Touchinge the third poynt , he muste not entreate them rigorouslye . Tiran nous was the Romaines power of lyfe and death , and therfore ryghtly reft .

Otherwyse teacheth Paule in our law . To deale gently , mildely , familierlye , with them , least we haue as many foes as seruaunts . To admit them to talke and councell . For they are not all slaues of nature . The good sayeth Augustine , all be he bonde is free . The yll , though a kynge , bonde . They must vpon accompt of their trauayle , render theyr dutie . Iacob had seruauntes , and handmaydes , but such as toyled , kepte Asses and Camelles : none ydle loyterers . Nor be theyr lorde so lordely , as iuste . Nor yet so iuste as gentle Be Antoninus Pius theyr paterne .

Who is reported , neuer to haue done oughte , whereof he attempted not in wrytynge to render probable cause So suftiseth it not to commaund , but but is sometymes auaylable , not to conceale thy seruaunts , the cause of thy commaundemente .

Socrates in Phedris , counsayleth to learn of anye thynge . Yea , were it a speakynge Oke . For , we ought not attend who speaketh , but what is spoken . Be they therefore frendelye to theyr seruaunts ▪ and preferre the worthye . Not as Antes gaawe the grayne on that parte it fyrst spryngeth , least it become vnfeete for theyr vse : So they keepe vnder theyr seruauntes , as they would kepe them euer : but rather be meanes to rayse them higher . But to caste oute of seruyce , theyr olde and aged men , nowe dottardes , and foreworne , howe cruell is it ?

Kynder farre Alexander to his steede Bucephalus . Whom aged , he caused other horses to beare to the fyelde .

Some there are , who not onelye frowardelye and importunatelye brall , with theyr seruauntes : but also , threate , and thunder ( not speake ) no lesse than mylstoanes , lyghtenynge , hayle . Of whom sayeth Salomon .

In a Fooles mouthe is the staffe of Pryde . But hereof sufficiente , so fyrste I adde that of S necke .

As well to pardon all , as none , is exueltye . Wherefore , herein what to doe , maye eche man , accordyng to his discretion and moderance , easely discerne . So he come angerlesse to punishynge . And afore iudgement , guyete and sober , well weyghe the qualitye of the cryme .

Athenodorus preseruatiue , geuen Augustus , agaynste sodayne rage , is bolesome for all men .

Neyther to do or speake ought , til orderlye he haue recited the. 24. Greeke letters . Nor propose the greatest princes the greatest ragers for paternes , Nor do on Achilles wrath , or Alexanders fyerye stomake . But folowe of all nacions the pacientst . Of the Hebrēwes Dauyd , the Lacedemomans Agesilaus , the Athenians Socrates the Romaines Pomponius At ticuS . Who thought all wrathfull anger ought be rooted , and repressed , chiefely toward them we loue . And thus of temperance and her branches be it hitherto spoken .

¶ Prudence , is the gouernesse and guyde of the rest . Prudence Yet , for it lyeth in the secrete minde , we referd it hyther . Whiche yet is there so enclosed , as it ought issue into iudgement seates , the Princes court , common congregacions & assemblies , and euen into the churches . Which , howe necessary it is for a noble man , Salomon sheweth in the fourth of the prouerbes . I ( ꝙ he ) heing my fathers dearlynge , and the onelye and tenderly beloued of my mother , thus taught he me . Purchase wysedome purchase vnderstanding .

Swerue not from it , it will preserue the. Loue it , it wil saue the. Aduaunce it , it wil aduaunce the. Embrace it , it wil also honour the. It wil geue thy heade encrease of grace , and crowne the with a crowne of comelines . To he short , that whole booke is an exhortacion to wisedome . Salomon listened this his parentes counsell , and proued the passingst and worthiest in all sortes of learning , of any mortall . Contrarye was Mydas wyshe . Maisters . For that foole wish● golde . This sage , wisedome . O howe vnseemelye is hit he shoulde pester the highest honoures , who most vnworthy that seate , dareth not open his mouth in councell .

Shame and reproche was it to the vn skilfull Megabirsus to bable , in Apelles presence , of lines and coloures . For the youge boyes standinge by pounding coloures , whom afore they honored , and gased at for his glisteringe roabes , and golde : his vnlearned ignoraunce , talke , and iudgemente , as a blynde man of coloures , scorned and scoffed Trulye , as in charge and office , I requyre it not , so in skyl and knowledge faynest would I ( were it possible haue him passe any . The citesens of Berrhea the noblest of the Thessalonians , are worthely praysed , for that returning from Paules preaching , they were able to examine , were it true he spake . For Noble men , ought not onely be hearers , but iudges of ministers . Nor shoulde suche darkenes shadowe mennes life , nor so longe nighte clipse the churche , yf they corrected and reprooued erring pryestes , not leaned to theyr erroures . Nor is oughte at this daye more lamentable , then the ignorance of Magistrates and Nobles . Heade cause of all euels , both in the state and religion . And whye will they rule , if they can not enforme the ruled ▪ For they rule , as wyser , not as myghtyer . Otherwise is it cart before the horse . Yf the foote rule and preiudice the head , the foole his wiser , the ignoraunt the learned . And euen as the blynde , by mayne force , should hale the seeing with him selfe to the ditche . But , of theyr barbarous custome , and blynde opinion , who scorning the rude reign of Poliphemus , that Gyaunte huge , but witlesse , and al his Cyclops : iudgynge also the Turkes empyre , for contempte and ignoraunce of artes , most filthie : yet roare , they are borne to armes not learninge . Nor scarse accompte them selues good warriours , yf learned .

Where neuertheles , the myghtyest conquerours , euer coupled this glory of wit and learninge , with warrlyke knoweledge : nor in maner thoughte they could mayntayne warfare , had they not learned the noble feates and polecies of princes , the successe of warres , the manye broyles and chaunces yea that whole arte of warre , of bookes and teachers . For that great Alexander learning made greatest . Nor liue his deedes so greene , as the commendacion of his learning . Nor so happy he , for he was Philippes sonne , as for though a kynge , he would be Aristotles scholer . Who wondreth at Iulius Cesars empyre , warres , the yoaked Rhene and Oceane ? Naye , who detesteth not , that intollerable stroake and tiranny ? but his commentaryes , are loued , lyked , and studyed of all men . Numerian bothe an Emperoure and Oratour , chose rather to haue hys Image in the L●●rary grauen wyth this tytle . To Numerian the Oratour then Emperour . Yet blushe our Nobles of learning , which he preferd before Empyre . Claudius though otherwyse warlyke , reckned it not so gloryous to warre as wryte . What neede I vouche , Augustus what Titus , what M. Antonius , what Iustinian ? who Valyant in wars , famous for Conquestes , infinyte nombers of atchieued Empryses , honor , Nobilytie , and estimation of all men : would yet both by studyes and wryting , bequeth and spreade the glorye of theyr name , to posterytie . For no men , muche lesse Nobles , be they , that know not learnynge . and if Cleanthes bee of anye credite , only in shape differ from beastes . what meaneth then Nobylytye , to thinke it reprochefull to bee termed students ? Weene they it more commendable , to bee pamperers of theyr coarses then louers of learnynge , and honor ? or monye mongers then students of wysedome ? Or to plaunche theyr fleashe , pursue honors , shirte for Coyne , worthier then to bee rauyshed with the loue of wysedome , and zeale of knowledge ? For of to many such plaineth the philosopher Zeno. Alexander whome late I named , so lytle feared , to professe Phylosophy , that playnely , hee protested , were hee not Alexander , he would bee Diogenes . yet what baser and vyler then that curre ? Suche was that kynges courage , suche his thirst of wysedome and learnynge , that leuer had hee bee learned , then a kinge , a Phylosopher , then a Prynce . Who naming AleXander , nameth more then a kynge . And emplyeth bothe a Monarche , and a Phylosopher , yea ●iogenes to . Whose that sayinge is princelye , in hys Epistle to Ariftotle . Rather had I excell in learninge , then power and plentye . Ceasse Nobles therefore , to hate learnynge . Ceasse they to vexe , despise , and persecute the learned , seynge suche pyllers and stayes of learninge , and so Noble wightes excelled in knowledge . But albeit so cleare a matter , neede not many prooues : yet for maugre their heades , I would hale theym to my purpose , and what I councell , compasse , and confyrme : I will vouche oute of Diogenes Lacrtius seuenth Booke , the worthye example of Antigonus , successour wyth others , of the Noble Alexander . Wherby shall easelye appeare , howe muche that high prince reuerenced learnyng . In what estimacion he had the learned , and how couetous him selfe was of knowledge . Antigonus Kinge , sendeth Zeno philosopher greeting . I truly knowe in riches and worldly pompe , mistate farre exceedeth yours . But in knowledge , liberall studies , and perfect blisfulnes , acknowledge my selfe your inferiour farre . And therfore , meant to entreate you , to come ouer to me .

Perswading my selfe , you woulde not neglecte my requeste . Prouide you therefore , in anye wise we wante not your company . Assuringe your selfe that not to vs onely , but all the Macedons , you shall be a most welcome teacher , and enstructour . For who frameth and seasoneth with vertue , the kynge : the same is it moste euidente , enformeth all his subiectes . For like prince , like people . And , who enflamed with the loue and zeale of wisedome , declineth that vicious and vulgare pleasure , which wātonneth yong mindes : he not onelye by the instyncte of nature , but euen the lore of vertue , mayntayneth Nobility . Which liberall and noble nature , yf moderate exercise accompanye , and a wise teacher want not : lightly attayneth the highest type of vertue . Loe both the kings thirst , and the singuler profite of learninge , whiche by his effectuous wryting , euery man not altogether senleles , may conceyue . To whome it appeareth by Zenos aunswere , one Perseus and Pbilonidas a Theban , were sent .

O princely stomake , in deede humble Who , both entreateth and pursueth with reason his entreatie . Where our Nobles , not once commaunde , where both they may , and otherwise wonte and will . Sith hitherto therefore , it hath by some presidents and prooffes bin shewed , Nobilytieloughte studye : consequently wyll I dysclose , in what sorte . not mindynge amplye to dylate this Theame , or prosequete the perfect Methode : But shortlye and briefelye , to touche , in what studyes they oughte be conuersant , what chiefely to reade . For I am not ignorant , manye study . Who notwythstandynge , in the meane , waye , maner and choyse of artes and authours , fowlye erre . For firste reade they humane thinges , not deuine , loue toyes not fruteful lessons Venus games not weyghtie studyes , tendyng to encrease of godlynes , dignytie , or true and sounde commodity . As Ouide of the arte of loue . Boccace , & others , nor sonnde nor pure , writers , in whom they study straunge toungs , to the decaye of godlynes . Whyche myghte yet better bee borne , woulde they by whyles , meddle herewith holy Scripture , as a contrarye and triacle , to expell from maners , that pestylent and pernycious poison .

Therefore , what I thinke they ought chiefely learne , what entrie , groweth , and encrease , eche Noble man bothe maye , and oughte make herein : I wil now wythout dyssemblynge tell . Not so muche pestrynge my talke wyth myne owne Councel , opinyon , or deuyce : as she wynge ( if I maye so terme it ) the auncient pryncelye waye . Tracynge the pathes whyche auncyent gentry led , and wherein it waded . All be it , euen those elder Sages , and prynces teachers , well taught in theyr leafure , and shadow of theyr rooffes , of Noble mens studyes . For Socrates , no lesse briefely then wifelye willed firste and forthwith , to learne the best . Diogenes also , charged with the chyldren of one Xeniates a Corinthian , proued him selfe no simple workeman in framing Nobilytie . Seasonynge them first with lyterall arts . Which as a foundacyon layed , then brake hee them to ryde the greate horse , to stinge , to cast the dart , and shoote .

Thirdly , out of poetes , and other writers , gathered & selected such sentices , as be thoughte feetest for theym , to kenne by roat . Fourthly abridged the summe of all they learned . That at one glimse they might see much , whiche being litle might surer abide .

Fystely , enioyned them obedience to theyr parentes . Charginge them diligently to serue them , liuing them selues with thinne fare , and cleare water . Sixtlye , forbad theym to bushe or curle their heare , but poll it . Seuenthlye commended theym the practise of huntinge . These be Diogenes lessons . These the misteries of the Cinicall schoole . Whiche mought perhappes , not vnfeetly be applyed to our nobles But , for it were shame to learne of that Dogge ( though Demosthenes dyd ) I wil open the matter more euidently and amplye . And not be aggrieued what I haue red and knowe , concerning the studies , those auncient nobles , and kinges moste applyed : to emparte with you . Immediatlye therfore after they are weaned from their mothers kindly milke , & some ripenes of witte beginneth to cleaue to theyr knitting strength : they maye with good lucke entre this schoole . Yea , it behooueth they be entred , vnder some worthye teacher . Wherein Aulus Gellius reporteth Philips kynge of the Macedons diligence . Whose letters herein to Aristotle , loe reported out of the selfe author in his worke of the Attyke nights . Both for they are bryefe , & also for the president is notable , & famous for others to folowe . Philippe greeteth wel Aristotle . Knowe you , we haue a sonne borne . whereof we muche thanke the Gods : not so much for his birth , as for it happed him to be borne in your dayes .

For our hope is , that trayned by you he wil proue worthy both vs and oure inheritaunce . Thus wrate Philippe , farre wyser prynce , and louing father then the Nobles of our time . Who prouide theyr costes breakers without respecte of costes : leauing the meane while their children vntaught . Of the Megarenses sayde Diogenes . It was better be their ramme then their childe . which properly extendeth to all such as pasture well their horses : and eyther yll breake , or force not theyr children .

Where it belongeth to fathers , not onely to beget children , but begotten well to breake . Which meaneth Salomon , when ofte he mentioneth his mothers parables , in his prouerbes .

And kyng Agasicles sayeth . Their scholer wyll I be , whose childe I am .

Nor euer had those two Gracchi , climed to so loftye fame in pleading : But euen weaned from her teates , their learned mother Cornelia , had poared eloquence into theyr mouthes and mindes . Nor halfe so greate , growen the glorye of Hortensius , had not the firste seedes of his sugred stile bene sowen , whyle yet he laye in his fathers armes . Suchē was whilome Noble parents care , in breeding noble Impes . This theyr glorye , that nowe with them lyeth raked in graue . Of instructing Noble we●s children . But yeelde we thus muche , eyther to their ease or ignorance . Certes at least , maisters ought they on al sides prouide , for whatsoeuer hire : herein at leaste to proue them selues fathers , not onely of their bodies but mindes . For howe foolyshe thy , & infamous to the fathers estimation is it , Yf his bodye well prouided and costlye cladde , his minde vnframed , he lewdly demeane him selfe , in honourable assemblye ? And there bewraye his childishenes , where lad●n talke , with grauest and wisest sence , is looked for . For what test were it ( thinke ye ) if a musician of seemely fauoure and well proportioned bodye , iuste heighte , and manly beauty , wel clad in silckes , holdinge a sweete melodyous instrument , hold enter in honorable presence : and hauinge thus on , all partes raysed greate erpectation : all noyse hushd and solempne sylence made , sodaynly begyn to bleate , with a harshe , rustical , and rude voice ? and mow with hys mouth , and filthe lye wrye in and out his body ? Or how hisse we oute a wel apparayled plaier , if counterfaiting a kinge on the stage , he faile of his iesture , speake yawning haue a sower and harshe voyce , mysse his action , or vse vnseemely iesture for so stately personage ?

Doth not be then muche more abandone him selfe to laughter and contempt , who abounding with all the gyftes , god and fortune may geue : placed by them in chiefe and swarming plentye , lyfted to the highest tipe of honor , His bodye decked and trimmed at all peyntes : beareth about a rude , rusticall , and rough minde ? And with filthines of life , defameth both him self and his auncestoures ? Wherefore , more heedefull care muste parentes take , for theyr childrens mindes , then bodyes noblesse . These are the parentes partes . This the duty of learned teachers . To vndertake this Noble and honourable charge of enfourming Nobility , when eyther the parentes can not , or wyllnot .

For nothing may they doe , eyther for theyr renowme more glorious , or for the learners profite more commodious , or more appliable , to the safetys and dignitie of theyr whole countrey . For moste gentlemanlye wittes haue they , whych poolished with liberall sciences , may with theyr councel grauitie , and wysedome , singulerlye deserue of mankinde . Rude and vnpolyshed become meanes of many dolefull Tragedies . For the fruitfuller the soyle is , the sooner waxeth it bushye , brierd thornye thistied , and weedye : lyenge a whyle vnhusbanded . So happs it in the Nobles pleasanter wittes , without learning , soone ouergrowen with filthy vyces . So as boldened by blunt power , blynde ignorance , and vnskilful aucthoritye : the mightier they be , the rather , not whereto they oughte , but lyst they apply theyr power . wherfore , as rather we sowe , the land that yelds most plenteous encrease , to fede the greatest multitude , then Antisthenes piddel , scarsely suffising him selfe : ( as singulerlye sayde Plutarche ) so is it no great matter , to enstruct some priuate man , lurkynge in a corner , Coyninge Sillogismes in Soles , chempalinge him selfe with Geometrical Cyrcles , delued in some poore Coate , and of no estimation or possessions . But moste gloryous is the employed trauayle , in teaching such one by whome , not one only , but many , yea a whole common welth , mayest thou profite . In earing therefore , this moste plentuous and fruitful plot , busily toyle parents and maisters . Herein sweate they nighte & day , to til the Nobles with learnyng , sowe them with vertue , weede them from vyce . For of them selues can they not withoute teacher learne . As neyther the fruitfulst grounds yeld graine without tillage . And the good yere ( as they saye ) not the soile causeth plenty nor the lyeng , bounty , or nature of the plotte , but rather the fauour , showers and rayne , distilde from the heauens , and diligent husbandrye . So , neyther here auayleth dyscente of stocke , but enstruction . Nor gentlemāly towardnes , but education , and the teachers trauayle . For , proner are they to euyl , but they be taught aright . Aristo Chius euel hearinge for reasonynge rechleslye with all men , and admittinge all indifferently to conference : answered godly as a good man , wyselye as a louer of wysedome . He would enstructe euen beastes , yf they vnderstoode the talke that tendeth to vertue . If a soueraygne wyse , and learned Sage , doubted not to professe , to teache euen reasonles beastes , so they coulde conceaue : much more then ought the learned employe theyr councell , trauayle , and care , to shape and forme a man .

And if a man , how much more a Noble man ? who is on eyther part armed with aucthorytie , eyther to ouerthrow or mayntaine a state ? For why alas choose bothe Fathers and chyldren , rather to reste blynde then see ? Why rather to vse others eyes , then theyr owne ? Where if possyble were , they ought haue as percynge sight as Linx , as plenteous as Argus . Yea euen a hundred eyes , to see theyr heauye charge . why wil they as beares , be led about byothers , whōrather it behoued to leade others ? Why kepe they suche troupes of saylekes , nayliks , loiterers & flatterers ? retainyng the whyle not so much as one learned man , or teacher , eyther for them selues , their Chyldren , or their whole familye ? but sithe wee haue sufficyently proued it theyr parte , to see theyr Chyldren taught , retourne we now to the maner of teachinge . First therefore be bee taughte the arte of wordes , then the practise of deedes . that both he know , how to frame his talke dyscretely , wel , and wisely : and order and dispose his lyfe and doinges , comely and consonant to vertue , nature , and gods wyll . That these meates and bounds , determine a Noble mans schoole , it is manifest by Homere . Sayinge one Phenix was alowed Achilles , by his father Peleus , to make him an Dratour of wordes , and practiser of deedes . Of the firste grounds of grammer , and pryncyples of speache and talke , I wil say nought Thus muche onely at this presente I warne , he be with all spede prouided a maister , both learned and godly . For hardlye is it rased , that is grauen in tender yeares . As witnesseth Hierom , wrytinge of the institution of a Noble gentlewoman , to her mother Laeta in this wise . A master must she be prouided of reasonable yeares , fauteles life , and learning . Nor will any I thinke , refuse to doe for his sister a Noble virgine , that Aristotle did for Philyps sonne Whom for want of A. B. C. masters , him selfe taught his characters . Smal thinges without whom greater maye not stand , ought not be neglected . The very sound of the letters , and first institution of prynciples , otherwyse procedeth from a learned and vnlearned teacher . Wherefore those onelye A. B. C. Masters , must they banishe theyr housen . For the same Hierom witnesseth , Alexander in his maners and gate coulde not forgoe his master Leonidas faults , wherewith though younge hee was infected . Now muche more then , must the authour of any vnsound doctrine , or master of superstition , be chased ?

Prouyde therefore this learned and godly teacher , A noble mans schoole and maner of studye . after the precepts , and rules of grammer moste briefely , and compendiously abrydged , and taught oute of some one , not many auctours : ( sith there is great diuersitie and confusion ) that the best Latine wryters folowe . As the familyerst exquisitest , and briefest of Ciceros Epistles . Dialoges most delight that age . And therefore , Ciceros Cato , or Lelius , may they reade . Hereto may certayne chose colloquies of Chastalio , and Erasmus , bee coupled . Tymely to sowe the seedes of godlynes and vertue , in theyr tender herts . And Terence also , but wyth ryper yeares and iudgement . If any fylthe be entermedled , let the trustie diligence of the teacher remedy it , vsinge sounder authours , as tryacle to expelle it . Nor truly , would I yeld Terence this roome but for I saw Cicero somuch esteme him who , toke not the leaste parte of eloquence of him . As Chrisostom of Aristophanes , the excellence of the Attyke toung . A poete neuertheles , bothe nippynge in taunts , and wanton in talke , & no lesse hurtfull to honestye . But bee the hardest firste imprinted . For growen ryper in yeares and knowledge , they lightly neglect them as trifles . Therfore , not litle helpeth it , euen at firste , to learne them Greeke and Hebrewe . preposterously do al vnyuersities , scholes , and teachers that contrarye it .

For aboute the bushe runne they to arts , who vnderstand not the Original tounges . Of the Greeke , no vnpleasaunte authours , are Esope , Ioachimus Camerarius , Ethike Arithmologie : a lytle booke , but ladynge fewe preceptes , with great stoare of learnyng . of oratours , Isocrātes , Demofthenes , and the moste reuerende aucthour , and Oratour Christ Iesus , with Th apostles . whose wrytynges , I alowe euer fyrste and laste . The Hebrewe oute of the Bybles moste purelye , and onely floweth . In these harder tounges , muche auayleth the trustye , playne , and learned explycation , of a paynefull teacher . The auncyent Nobilytie reuerenced chiefelye Poetes . Therefore Senekes Tragedyes , Plautus Comedies , Vergiles Georgykes , and Warryour : of the Latynes , for the statelynes of the matter and stile are moste honoured . which yet , ought that knowledge of versifieng forgoe . Euripides Ciceros authority preuaileth to admit . Whose euery verse , he deemth as many Oracles . The diuynitie of Sibilles verse , commendeth be he also skilfull in the Chronicles of his countrey . Least amids hys trauail in foren Realmes , he become a forren at home . To this ciuyle knowledge also belong Iustinians institutions , the Pandects , and the whole course of the ciuyle lawe . And bothe all antiquitye , and the law and statutes of our owne realme . wherin , so skilful ought he be , as he dare professe it . For , the Nobles palayces , ought be the whole contries Oracles . Plato had I almoste ouerpassed , with whose lawes and commen welth , he ought moste samylierlye acquaynte hym . The Mathematicals haue theyr manyfolde profite . Arithmetike , can hee not want . Geometry muche helpeth , to placinge , framinge , and conueyinge of buyldings . Great dolyghte and profite , bryngeth Geography . But Astrology , I see so rauened , embraced , and deuoured of many : as they neede no spurre to it , but rather a brydle from it , no trompetter to encourage them , but a chider to restrayne theyr vehement race . Whereto some haue so much credyted as almost dyscrediting god , they lyghted not on altogethe● luckye ende , nor fortolde of the starres nor foreseene of them . I condemne not vniuersally the arte : but thereto , get they me nor counceller , nor fauourer it hath plenty enough of praysers . Be the fine of theyr whole studye , fyrste to knowe god , next them selues . To gouerne well theyr famylye , the state . Thus , leaue I muche to priuate readynge , and ouerpasse , both Christyan and heathen wryters of later age , or nearer yeares . I passe by also , the Cate chifmes and institutions of Christian Religion . Wherein the chiefe of our age , is Iohn Caluir . And forgat Commentaryes wherein , bothe of oure time , and the auncients , many excelde . Nor meant I to enter that large playne , of determynynge what autthours speciallye they should folow , in eche trade of studye . Wherefore nowe wyll I ende . If first I propose oure Nobles Alexander Seuerus paterne . Wherein as a moste compendyous forme , is closed the sum of theyr whole study . For he , was not altogether estraunged from oure relygion . But in his Oratory , and secrete Closet , besydes the Images of the greate Alexander and Appolonius : had also Christes & Abrahams counterfaites . Of all aucthours hee moste delyghted Virgil and Cicero of the common welth ( Which spent throughe the malyce of tyme , nowe appeareth not , ) and the same aucthour of dutyes . But commonly red-hee Greeke wryters . After longe readynge , reuyued hys spirytes wyth wrestlynge , and Musyke . In the after noones , gaue hym selfe to wrytinge , pennynge , and pervsynge letters . which exercises likewise , must our Noble man obserue . Translate in to dyuers tounges , penne Orations Epistles , declame , expound aucthours , recount historyes and Apothegmes , dylate and amplyfie tales , ken by roate sage sawes , and pleasaunt and wittye prouerbes , haue in store ciuile phrases of talke , to greete all commers , entertayne straungers , and furnish embassades . And courteous manners of speache , in thankinge , table talke , demaunds , sutes , requests , counsayles , perswasions , and other vsuall cyuyle theames . which practises may not neglect , who coueteth to thriue and profite in learninge . of Aristotle and Plato I gather , the practises of the auncyents were , exercise , Musike , paynting a gentlemanlye recreation , and those partes of learnynge where of presentlye wee entreate . But whereto bable I thus much ? sith this matter requyreth a peculyer treatyse , and more playne and plentifull dyscourse : yea of suche one , as aboundeth bothe in wit and leasure . Therfore this last piller and precept adde I , that in all his life , acp all hys sortes of siudyes , he be a deuyne . For , as the aunciente sages , accompted philosophy th ende of all studyes , and euen the Castle of knowledge : so I in this oure Noble mans race of studye , determyne dyuynytie , both the bound whence , and the gole wherto he runneth . So shall hee imitate the auncient maner of the auncyentes , and become a godly and Chrystian Noble .

There are also other pryuate vertues , embrace others , be dutieful to his countrey ; louynge to the multitude , and eue populer . In amtry with ofter his poeres , beneficiall to the poore ; bol●●tifull to the learned , a ●atrone & garden of schooles , and vniuersities hospitall and gent●●● straungers , fanotable to the godlye , and gods fainces , rust to all . The thir●e and principall , e●arge , is to be religious to Gos wardes . As Moses , Iost●s , Dauid , Iostas , Ezechias , Constantine , Theodostus , Aurchiar . Who though a heathen Emperour , him selfe assisted with his presence , the church of Antioche , agaynst Samosatem●● the heretyke byshop . Whom by his authority , he enforced to resygne both the bishoppes house & goodes .

Thus much at this presence , thought I necessarye to counfayle Nobilitye . Namely , to vse godlynes , goodnes , wisedome & learning . This commen deth the lord to them by the mouth of Diuyd , that wisest king of the Helrewes , in the second psalme sayeng . Ware wise O ye kinges , be learned ye that iudge the earth . Serue the Lorde in feare , and reioyce with reuerence .

Embrace his sonne , least bappelye he ware wrathfull , and so ye wander from the waye . If his furye but a litle kindle , o happy who trust in him . Wisedome , learning , worship , seruyce , ioye with reuerence , the embracinge and kissyng of the Sonne : In fine , what within so longe processe I haue preached , this smal sentence compriseth . And in this short circle & compasse of wordes , the deuine prophete closeth faith , religion , & purenes of life & maners . Wherefore , forasmuch as to them , as gardens , God committeth the custody , of his orphane and widowe churche : they oughte prouide , in the burnynge heate to be coole shadowes to it , in affliction stayes , in persecution refuge , in tempestes bayes . Finally , remember they , that in accomplishinge the dutyes we haue reckened , consisteth the whole nature , maiestie , and honour of true Nobilitye .

Wherefore O Noble worthyes , both agayne and agayne recount the with your selues . what herein I thinke I haue vttred . And vttred , in my parciall fansie trulye . With you resteth , both the power to iudge , and wyll to accomplyshe . Whereto to trayne ye , many causes haue ye . Farre other aydes than the rest , broughte ye wyth ye to this light , euen from your Cradels , borne and bred with ye . For this natiue Noblesse , so great honour and renowmed name : your parentes bequeathd ye . Your selues with your owne sweates and toyles earned not . Which thus gotten ye are bounde to preserue and amplifie . Certes , wythout great shame and villany , may ye not duske and blemishe . This therefore ought enflame and encourage ye for we see Nature hath so parciallye dealt with ye , that euen the Nobility of your birth , is a thinge of it selfe amiable . As it were a loadstone of loue And what others , with sundry sweates and long trauaile , hardly or scarce at last attayne : that ye haue euen with your birth dealth from aboue . Namelye the reuerence , loue , honoure , and estimacion of all men . To ye lie open the easie entries to honoures . Which both wonte and ought raise and quicken the dullest courages . whyche is farre vnlike with others . Howebeit , it beseemeth ye , not to craue , but earne them : not so much to coueyt , as execute theym . Hereto also prouoke ye your might & power . The sino wes & necessarye mayntenances , of all honorable enterprises . wherewyth sith ye abound , the meaner want , it shall be youre parte , to furnishe these forren and accessary giftes of Fortune , with the iewelles of wisedome , learning , and vertues . These loe encourage ye . But the same headlonges whirle , the worlde , fleshe , pleasures , riches , honour . whych baytes manye times , turne other by wayes , a mind not suerly setled , nor altogether constant . wherefore , as your guerdons are greater , so greater charges are required of you . And as ye abounde in more plentuous and fruitefull giftes so more painefullye must ye trauayle not to seeme vnwdrthye those benefites of God . And the more occasions call ye to your dutye , the greater peryll dependeth on neglectyng they m● On all sides , euen the thinges , that most ought haue furthered ye , in wel doynge : awayte to entrappe ye . On all sides , that deadlye and : hateful foe of all mankinde , but chiefely the Nobles : barkes at ye . He snareth not the simple onelye , but euen the greatest , the highest , the Noblest . Yf anye of them he angle , happy he accounteth him selfe . And thereof victoriouslye triumpheth . For his throate is daintie as sayeth the prophete . And he wil be fed with fine prates , not commen cates . And harde is it trulye with so manye wiles of that olde foxe not to be circumnented . True is that doome , by God pronounced of your order . That fewe princes beleued on Christe . Manye persecuted hym● Not manye Nobles were called , the kynges and princes of the earth , assembled and withstood the lorde , and his anoynted . wherefore , if any gentilmanly conrage rest in youre royall hartes , if any Noble bloud remaine , yf ye haue any care of true dignitye , anye loue of prayse , wherewith wonteth for the moste , all Nobilitye to be trayned , and tickled : see and foresee that ofte ye recounte these precepces . Beware ye despise not the chiefe part● yea the whole and selfe Nobilitye . More affectioned to lyght trifles and toyes . Feare God , practise vertus , charge other with benefites , your selues with vertues . Which may turne to the honour of your selues , th ornament of the realme and commoditie of others . Whiche yet at length to see , from the bottome of my harte I beseche almighty God for his Noblest sonnes sake . Amen .

THE LYTLE TREAtyse of Philo a Iewe , concernynge Nobilitye . Latyned by D. Humfrey .

WHo aduaunce Nobilitye as the chiefest blisse , and cause of greatest happes , deserue no meane blame . If at leaste , they accompt al sutes of Noble house and stocke , of welthye and famous men Noble . Sith , nor their aucestours from whome they so vaunte theyr gloryous byrth , were oughte the fortunater for theyr dayntic plenty . For that , whyche simply good is , consisteth nor in any forrein happe nor ornament or grace of body : no nor in euerye parte of the minde . But onelye it , whych is princesse and lady of the rest . For , when it pleased God of his louyng kyndnes to place here emonges vs the ; greatest good : noūnteter harborowe or Temple founde he for it , then mans mynde . For the soule beareth imprynted the stampe of that soueraine good : though hardly some thynke it . Who not so much as with their lippes brymmes , tasted wysedome , or behelde that bryghtest lyght . For syluer , golde , honoures and offisye is it for anye to maynteyne good talke in sh●we , but to exchaunge yll man●●s for good not so ryfe . Which whiles I consider , bothe presentlye I accompt them foes , and hereafter wyll : who fyrstr lyghted these brandes of dyscorde , twixte theyr auncestours vertue and kinne . Yea , henceforth will I more suspecte theym , then who are reckned most base and dishonorable . For theyr excuse is readye , they haue no priuate or householde presydente of honour . But ye by no meanes maye be cleared of crime , descended of Noble familyes . Who for theyr longe continued stainelesse race , earned great prayse and honour . Yet hauinge at your noase yea in maner borne and bred wyth ye domesticall paternes , youre selues neuer minde to practise ought worthy prayse . By howe many reasons is it euident , ye should place Nobilitye onely in the possession of vertue ? And adiudge him onely Noble whyche it hath , not euerye ympe of good and honest house . That auncient issue of the fyrst earthly couple who may denye Noble ? Yea , the prynces of Nobles ? To whom befell more excellent lynage then the later posteritye . Who spreng of the first maryage of man and woman , then first coupled to sowe theyr lyke shape . Neuertheles , of theyr two fyrste fruites , the elder feared not by vyolence to staye the yonger . But actomplishing his horrible pretended parricide fyrst embrued the guylties earth with bloud . Ca●n . Abell . What auayled him the Nobilitie of his race praciuing thus villanye of minde ? Whyche also . the surueyour of all worldely thynges . When fyrst he sawe , detested .

And detestyng , decreed it vengeaunce . Not strayghte sleainge him to reaue him forthwyth sence of calamitye : but allottinge hym thousand deathes . Heaped with many and sundrye grieues and terrours . So as for guerdon he ●cceyued the greatest miferye .

Agayne , of those which ensued godlyest , descended that holyest father . whose godlynes the reporter of the holy lawes , thought worthy registring euen in the Bibles . Noah . He onely in that great fioud , wherwith all Cityes were drenchd , and whelmed , ( for euen the styepest hilles were sonke and swalowed , wyth the rage and swellynge of the guife ) was saued with his whole familye . Receyuynge so greate guerdon of his goodnes , as none may ymagine greater . Yet of his thre sonnes , yea partners wyth hym of the selfe benefyte : Cham one durste scorne the cause of hys safelye , and tourned his vnwillyng fall to a ieste and scoffe . Discouerynge to the reste blyndyng them selues , those partes , whyche modestye , and his parentes shame woulde haue couered . Therefore , degeneratynge ●rom glorious Nobility he became accursed . And the authour and originall of such miserye to his progenie , as meete was to light on him , who so lighte esteemd his parentes honoure and reuerence . But whereto mencyon we these , skyppynge that fyrste , and auncientst earthlye parent ? With whom no mortall may in this forte of Noblesse compare .

Fashiond holie scriptures . Whereby we set it moste euident , that Noblenes of house noughte auayleth the vnnoble . Thus hitherto haue we cited presidents of the stayned with vice Whom , become euell , thoughe descended of good , theyr parentes vertues nothing holpe : but theyr owne vices infinite wayes anoyed Contrary wyse , nowe others of better sta●e wyll I vouche whose auncesters , stayned wyth many and sundry crymes , yet prooued they most worthy praise and emulacion . Abraham

The auncientst of the Iewishe stocke , was a Chaldee . His father an Astronomer , of those that studye the Mathematicalls . Decmyng these sterres , and the whole frame of the world , and skye Gods . Flynging downe both good and euill , to euerye one , supposing no other cause , then with theyr forren senses they discerne . Then this what more villanous ? What more dishonor to the soule ?

By the contemplacion of many meanes , and creatures , to growe to the the ignoraunce of th auncientst , vncreate , and framer of al thinges : And both for those and other infinite consideracions , whiche mans reasons comprehendeth not , moost good ? Who he , when once conceyued , he ryghtelye worshypped , forthwith forsooke his countrey , kinnc , and fathers bowers . Knowyng yshe abode , his errours also of many gods continued .

Whereby , his minde should lesse further , in searche of the one onely euerlasting God , and father of all thinges , as well conceyued in mynde , as subiect to sence . If he fled the vanitye of his opinion , altered into truthe , the errour also would departe his minde .

Whych his desyre to knowe the chiefe being muche more enflamed , certayne expounded prophecyes , on whom , as steppes treadynge , he scaled the speedye knoweledge , and search of that vnity . Neuer ceassyng tyl he had conceyued the clearest vision , not of Gods substance ( for that may not be ) but as farre forth as may be , of his Nature and prouydence . And therefore , is fyrst reported , to haue beleued in God . For he fyrst helde an vnmooued and constant opinion , there was one supreme cause , gouernour bothe of the worlde , and worldlye . This Science , of all vertues the certainst , once at●aind , forthwith he gat the rest . So as of that people where he forourned , he was renerenced as a prynce , not for his robes , wherein he passed not a pryuate person : But the hawtye reache of his wytt , & pryncely minde . As subiects theyr prynce , so honoured they hym . Amased at his maiestie and reuerendnesse of Nature , as more perfect , and precious than mans . For not the commen phrase of speache , but more statelye and loftye talke he vsed , nearer approchyng the deuyne maiestye . For , enflamed wyth Gods spyryte , he grewe alwayes better in countenaunce , he we , stature , habite , iesture , and voyce . The spyryte of God descended from aboue , possessing his mynde , & geuynge I is body grace , his talke persuasion , his hearers vnderstanding . And will any deny this exile , destitute of all his frendes and familyers , ( couetyng Nobilitye coupled wyth god and trauaylyng to be accepted & acquaynted with hym , placed emonges the Noblest rankes of Prophetes , crediting no mortal created man , before the vncreate immortal Father of all , esteemd as a kynge of theym that harboured him , not conqueryng yet his Empyre ( as some ) by armes , not wyth warlike force , but the gyfte of the almyghtye God , the honourer of his godly seruauntes , wyth heaped authority , to theyr commodity with whom they are conuersaunte : ) to haue bene Noble : He is doutelesse to all exyles , flyenge the obseruance of monstruous maners & detestable customes ( attributing to stones stockes , and lyueles counterfaytes , almoste heauenlye honoures ) & so iour neying to the very liuelye , and quycke commen wealthe , whose presydent and watch is truth : the very squyer and paterne of Nobilitye . Whych many godly , not onely men , but women imitated . Unlearning the ignoraunce which euen in theyr cradles they sucked , of worshypping hand wrought Images . And learning the doctryne of that ones gouernemente , by whose Monarchye the whole is paysed .

Thamar a simple woman , borne in that parte of Philistia , that bordereth on Syria , was bredde in a citye worshipper of many Gods , stuffed with Sinagoges , Images , and all fortes of Idolls . But after amyds she dungeon of darkenes , as throughe a narowe chynke , the lyght glimse of truthe was reuealed her : she fled to it forthwyth though with manifest peryll and hasard . Not prysyng the lyfe she mought not well leade . Accountyng th onely ryght lyfe , the worshyppe and honouryng of one onelye cause . Who though after wedded to two brethren , bothe wycked , to the fyrst a mayde , the next by the lawe of enheritaunce , for his brother left no issue : preseruing yet vnstayned her wemles life , both purchased her selfe the praise that wonteth to accompany all good , and became th original and pryncesse of Nobilitye to her whole posteritye . But she though an alyene , was peraduinture free , and borne of Noble , and no base parentes . But the poore handmaydes , in the farthest borders of Babylon beyonde Euphrates , Agar geuen by Sara to Abraham were geuen to the wedded spouses , and vouchsaued of the Sages beddes , fyrst scaled the name and dignitye of wyues . And of handmaydes became ( almoste I should saye ) peeres in honoure to theyr ladyes , yea by theym ( whiche is almost incredible ) preferd to this dignity . For enuy harboreth not in sage brestes . Which , where it wanteth , all thinges are commen . Theyr bastard sonnes were actompted legitimate , not onely of the syre ( for no wonder were it , if the father shewe like countenaunce to his chyldren ) but euen of theyr right wiues , theyr stepdames . Who forgettyng their wonted hate to theyr sonnes in lawe , vsed lyke care and loue towardes all . The Chyldren aunsweryng wyth exchaunged loue , reuerenced theyr stepdames as theyr naturall mothers . The halfe brethren also , seuered onelye by vertue , loued not wyth parted or quartered tone . But supplyed what wanted in Nature , with doubled , yea redoubled affection . And in sweete harmonys and consent of maners , endeuouted to resemdle eyther parent . We must not therefore pelde to those , who boaste others gyftes as theyr owne . Who exceptynge suche as we last mencioned , may worthely be deemed enmyes of the Israelites , and all other Nacyons . Of theym , for they licence all of one stocke , to neglect the pryuate practise of vertue , through confidence of t honour already gotten by theyr auncestours . Of the Gentyles , for they teache they aspyre to the tipe of vertue altogether in vayne , for theyr auncestours were vicious . Then whych doctrine scarce wot I if anye be more pestilent . For if the euell progenie of the good , auengyng plage awaite , why should honour be foreclosed the good descended of the euel ? Sith the law praiseth or punisheth all , not for their kinsfolkes , but their , owne desertes .

Scapes in Prynting .

Fo. Pa. Li. 7 2 21. for like of wantonnesse , read like wantonnesse . 10 1 32. for who what & wheresoeuer , who , and wheresoeuer , what . 21 2 1. for great , greater . 58 2 3. for aut , and. 45 1 13. for happy , happy . 69 1 12. for dreauth , dreamth . 88 1 19. for Cyesus , Cresus 144 1 23. for wearned , wearyed . 156 1 6. for as , is 180 2 1. for of , to 194 2 21. for gaawe , gnawe . 201 2 18. for that , a 204 1 22. for Soles , Schooles , for chempaling , empaling 208 1 3. for Denonicus , Demonicus 209 1 21. for Cea , Cesar .

The rest , small iudgentente , by respecte of the circumstances , may reforme .

¶ Imprinted AT LONDON IN Fletestrete nere to Saynct Dunstons Church by Thomas Marshe .