A
Relation
of
the
Kingdome
of
COCHIN-CHINA
.
CHAP.
I.
Of
the
Name
,
Situation
and
Greatnesse
of
this
Kingdome
.
COchin-China
being
so
named
by
the
Portugals
,
is
called
in
the
language
of
the
Originarie
inhabitants
Anam
,
which
is
the
West
,
in
regard
it
is
situate
on
the
West
of
China
;
in
respect
whereof
the
Iapaneses
called
it
by
the
name
of
Coci
,
which
in
their
tongue
hath
the
same
signification
that
Anam
hath
with
the
Cochin-Chineses
:
But
the
Portugals
which
trafique
in
Anam
,
are
they
which
of
the
Iaponian
word
Coci
and
of
China
,
haue
made
and
compounded
this
word
Cochin-China
,
being
as
much
to
say
,
as
Cochin
of
China
,
to
distinguish
it
from
Cochin
a
City
of
India
frequented
by
them
.
And
whereas
in
many
Mapps
Cochin-China
is
commonly
called
or
designed
by
the
name
of
Cauchin-China
,
or
Cauchine
,
or
some
other
;
It
proceedeth
either
of
their
〈…〉
apting
the
proper
name
,
or
else
because
the
makers
of
the
Mapps
would
signifie
,
that
this
Kingdome
is
the
entrance
and
beginning
of
China
.
Cochin-China
on
the
South
,
confines
with
the
kingdome
of
Chiampa
,
about
the
11.
degree
of
Northerly
Latitude
,
on
the
North
side
;
yet
somewhat
Eastward
,
it
bordereth
on
Tunchim
▪
on
the
East
side
it
hath
the
Sea
of
China
;
and
on
the
West
Northwest
the
kingdome
of
Lays
.
In
length
Cochin-China
is
held
to
extend
aboue
an
hundred
Leagues
on
the
Sea
coast
;
from
the
kingdome
of
Chiampa
,
in
11.
degrees
of
Northerly
Latitude
,
reaching
to
the
gulfe
of
Anam
in
the
eleuation
of
about
17.
degrees
of
the
same
,
where
the
estate
of
the
King
of
Tunchim
beginneth
.
In
breadth
it
is
of
no
great
extent
,
being
straitned
within
the
space
of
twenty
Italian
miles
,
all
a
plaine
countrey
,
bounded
on
the
one
side
with
the
Sea
;
and
hemmed
in
on
the
other
with
a
great
ranke
of
mountaines
inhabited
by
the
Kemois
,
which
signifieth
Saluages
;
for
although
they
bee
Cochin-Chineses
,
they
will
not
acknowledge
the
King
,
nor
obey
him
in
any
thing
,
cantoning
and
fortifying
themselues
in
those
mountaines
,
almost
inaccessible
.
Cochin-China
is
diuided
into
fiue
Prouinces
:
The
first
where
the
King
maketh
his
abode
,
ioyneth
vpon
Tunchim
,
and
is
called
Sinuua
:
The
second
is
named
Cacciam
,
in
which
the
Prince
the
Kings
sonne
doth
reside
as
gouernour
:
The
name
of
the
third
is
Quamguia
:
The
fourth
Quignim
,
to
which
the
Portugals
haue
giuen
the
name
of
Pulucambis
:
The
fifth
which
bordereth
on
the
Kingdome
of
Champa
,
is
called
Renram
.
CHAP.
II.
Of
the
Climate
and
quality
of
the
Countrey
of
Cochin-China
.
THis
Kingdome
being
(
as
hath
beene
said
)
betweene
the
11.
and
17.
degree
of
Northerly
latitude
,
it
followeth
consequently
that
the
Countrey
is
rather
hot
then
cold
:
Yet
it
is
not
so
hot
as
India
,
though
it
haue
the
same
eleuation
of
the
Pole
,
and
bee
likewise
vnder
the
Torrid
Zone
.
The
reason
of
which
difference
is
,
because
that
in
India
there
is
no
distinction
of
the
foure
Seasons
of
the
Yeere
:
In
regard
that
there
their
Summer
continueth
for
the
space
of
nine
Moneths
together
,
during
which
no
cloud
appeareth
in
the
skie
,
neither
by
day
nor
night
;
in
such
sort
that
the
Aire
is
alwayes
scorched
by
reuerberation
of
the
Sun-beames
.
The
other
three
Moneths
they
call
Winter
,
not
because
they
are
without
heate
;
but
by
reason
of
the
continuall
raines
which
are
ordinary
there
both
night
and
day
at
that
season
.
And
notwithstanding
it
naturally
seemes
that
such
continuall
raine
should
somewhat
refresh
the
Aire
▪
Yet
the
same
falling
in
the
Moneths
of
May
,
Iune
,
and
Iuly
,
when
the
Sun
is
at
his
highest
in
the
Zenith
of
India
,
no
windes
then
stirring
but
those
that
are
very
hot
,
the
Aire
is
thereby
so
stuffed
and
thickned
,
that
the
heat
is
then
sometimes
lesse
tollerable
then
in
the
midst
of
Summer
it selfe
:
during
which
there
commonly
come
from
the
sea
,
some
gentle
cooling
windes
to
refresh
the
Land
;
without
which
gracious
particular
Prouidence
of
God
,
those
Countreyes
would
be
inhabitable
.
This
is
not
so
in
Cochin-China
,
which
enioying
the
foure
seasons
of
the
Yeere
(
howsoeuer
not
so
exactly
distinguished
as
in
Europe
)
is
much
better
tempered
thereby
.
For
notwithstanding
that
in
their
Summer
which
comprehendeth
the
three
Moneths
,
Iune
,
Iuly
,
and
August
,
it
be
there
very
hot
as
in
a
Countrey
seated
vnder
the
Torrid
Zone
,
and
hauing
the
Sun
in
those
moneths
,
in
the
highest
point
of
eleuation
ouer
their
heads
:
Yet
in
September
,
October
,
and
Nouember
,
being
their
Autumne
the
heat
ceaseth
,
and
the
Aire
is
very
temperate
by
reason
of
the
continuall
raines
which
doe
ordinarily
fall
at
those
times
on
the
Mountaines
of
the
Kemois
;
from
whence
there
come
waters
in
such
abundance
,
that
they
ouerflow
all
the
Countrey
,
and
ioyning
themselues
with
the
sea
they
seeme
to
be
one selfe
thing
therewith
.
Moreouer
these
Inundations
of
waters
come
commonly
once
in
a
fortnight
,
continuing
about
three
dayes
together
▪
The
benefit
that
commeth
thereby
,
is
not
only
the
refreshing
of
the
Aire
,
but
also
the
fatning
of
the
earth
,
making
it
more
fruitfull
and
abundant
in
all
things
,
and
especially
in
Rice
,
which
is
the
best
Manna
,
and
the
commonest
nourishment
of
all
the
Kingdome
.
In
the
other
three
moneths
of
Winter
,
which
are
December
,
Ianuary
and
February
,
the
Northerly
windes
bring
such
cold
raines
,
that
thereby
they
sufficiently
distinguish
Winter
from
their
other
seasons
of
the
yeere
.
Finally
in
the
Moneths
of
March
,
Aprill
and
May
,
there
are
seene
the
effects
of
a
pleasant
spring-time
,
all
being
greene
and
flourishing
amongst
them
.
Hauing
thus
declared
these
Inundations
;
I
must
also
acquaint
you
▪
with
some
particular
curiosities
,
and
remarkable
obseruations
thereof
,
before
I
conclude
this
Chapter
.
The
first
shall
be
,
that
they
are
generally
desired
of
all
men
,
nor
onely
because
the
Aire
is
refreshed
by
them
,
becomming
more
●●de●
and
pleasant
,
but
much
more
in
regard
of
the
fruitfulnesse
which
they
cause
in
the
Earth
:
Whereupon
as
soone
as
they
see
them
,
the
pleasure
and
contentment
they
haue
,
is
such
and
so
great
,
that
they
make
it
sufficiently
appeare
by
their
visiting
,
feasting
and
presenting
one
the
other
,
crying
oft
for
ioy
,
and
all
repeating
and
reiterating
Daden
Lut
▪
Daden
Lut
,
which
signifieth
,
the
Water
is
come
▪
the
Water
is
already
come
:
Insomuch
that
there
is
none
amongst
them
of
what
degree
or
qualitie
soeuer
but
Feasteth
and
reioyceth
:
Yea
,
euen
the
King
himselfe
.
Yet
in
as
much
as
these
inundations
come
so
suddenly
,
and
sometime
so
vnexpected
,
that
when
in
the
Euening
they
thought
not
of
them
,
they
find
themselues
in
the
Morning
inuested
on
all
sides
,
and
shut
vp
in
their
houses
,
and
that
throughout
all
the
Countrey
it
falls
out
now
and
then
,
that
they
loose
their
Cattell
,
that
haue
not
had
the
leisure
to
retire
and
withdraw
them
for
refuge
into
the
hills
,
and
higher
places
:
In
regard
whereof
there
is
a
constitution
in
the
Kingdome
,
that
those
Beeues
,
Goats
,
Hoggs
,
and
other
beasts
which
are
drownd
in
these
deluges
,
shall
no
longer
belong
to
the
proprietarie
and
owner
of
them
,
but
shal
be
his
that
first
seifeth
on
them
:
which
custome
occasioneth
good
sport
amongst
them
,
in
regard
that
when
the
water
commeth
,
they
betake
themselues
to
their
Boates
,
in
quest
of
such
drowned
cattell
,
with
which
they
afterwards
make
merry
,
and
feast
their
friends
.
The
young
Children
haue
also
their
playes
and
pastimes
according
to
their
age
;
by
reason
that
these
great
plaines
couered
ouer
with
Rice
,
abounding
likewise
with
Rats
,
and
Mice
,
they
are
forced
by
the
water
which
hath
filled
their
holes
,
to
saue
themselues
by
swimming
,
and
to
climbe
vpon
the
tres
for
refuge
,
by
meanes
whereof
the
trees
are
loden
with
Rats
and
Mice
,
in
lieu
of
leaues
and
fruits
:
Therupon
the
boyes
get
themselues
into
boates
by
bands
,
betaking
themselues
to
the
shaking
of
the
trees
,
dismounting
those
Rats
and
Mice
,
drowning
them
in
the
water
;
of
which
their
childish
disport
,
there
commeth
a
great
good
to
the
Land
,
which
by
such
meanes
remaineth
the
more
cleered
and
freed
of
this
vermine
;
which
otherwise
by
little
and
little
,
would
much
waste
and
spoile
their
fields
.
The
last
commodity
yet
not
the
least
which
the
Lut
bringeth
,
is
,
that
euery
one
thereby
furnisheth
and
prouideth
his
house
the
better
of
all
necessaries
;
for
in
three
dayes
it
maketh
all
the
countrey
nauigable
euery
where
,
with
such
ease
and
facilitie
,
that
there
is
nothing
but
may
easily
bee
conueyed
from
one
Towne
to
another
:
in
regard
whereof
they
keepe
all
their
Faires
and
great
Markets
at
these
times
,
when
the
concourse
is
alwayes
greater
then
at
any
other
time
of
the
yeere
.
In
those
dayes
also
they
make
their
prouision
of
wood
for
their
firing
and
for
Building
,
which
they
bring
from
the
Mountaines
in
their
Boates
,
that
passe
easily
through
the
streetes
,
euen
into
their
Houses
,
which
for
the
purpose
are
mounted
on
ranckes
of
pillars
,
raised
very
high
to
giue
the
water
a
free
entrance
and
issue
;
euery
one
retiring
meane
time
into
the
vppermost
story
of
his
House
▪
Vnto
which
the
water
(
which
cannot
bee
sufficiently
admired
)
the
Lut
or
Inundation
neuer
mounteth
;
for
they
take
their
measure
,
so
well
,
through
long
experience
of
the
height
of
the
waters
,
that
they
haue
no
feare
thereof
,
being
well
assured
that
the
waters
will
alwayes
remaine
below
their
Buildings
.
CHAP.
III.
Of
the
Fertility
of
the
Land
.
ALbeit
one
may
easily
iudge
of
the
fruitfulnes
of
Cochin-China
,
by
the
profit
which
the
Lut
bringeth
(
as
hath
beene
said
)
yet
somewhat
may
bee
said
in
particular
.
The
Land
becommeth
so
fat
and
so
fruitfull
by
this
Lut
or
ouerflowing
,
that
thrice
euery
yeere
they
gather
their
Rice
,
and
that
in
such
great
quantity
and
aboundance
,
that
there
is
none
will
labour
for
his
liuing
,
euery
one
hauing
plentiously
whereon
to
liue
.
The
plenty
and
the
variety
of
fruits
is
great
all
the
yeere
long
,
of
as
many
seuerall
sorts
as
there
are
in
India
;
for
Cochin-China
lieth
in
the
same
Climate
:
Yet
in
particular
it
hath
fairer
and
greater
Oranges
then
we
haue
in
Europe
,
and
those
very
succulent
;
the
rinde
of
them
being
so
soft
,
so
tender
and
so
sauoury
,
that
it
is
as
vsually
eaten
as
the
inside
,
which
is
of
as
pleasing
a
relish
and
taste
,
as
the
Limons
of
Italy
:
There
are
also
certaine
fruits
which
the
Portugals
call
Bananes
,
and
others
terme
them
Indian
Figgs
,
but
with
no
great
reason
in
my
opinion
,
seeing
neither
the
tree
which
in
India
is
called
the
figtree
,
nor
yet
that
of
Cochin-China
hath
any
resemblance
of
our
figtree
,
either
in
the
wood
or
in
the
fruit
:
The
tree
is
like
that
plant
which
wee
call
Turkie-wheat
,
though
much
higher
,
and
the
leaues
so
long
and
broad
,
that
two
of
them
will
serue
to
couer
a
man
from
the
top
to
the
toe
,
and
so
compasse
him
round
about
;
which
haply
made
some
to
be
of
opinion
,
that
this
was
the
tree
of
the
terrestriall
Paradise
,
with
the
leaues
whereof
Adam
sought
to
couer
his
nakednesse
:
This
tree
beareth
a
grape
at
the
top
,
of
twenty
,
thirty
or
fourty
together
in
a
cluster
,
euery
of
which
in
his
shape
,
as
also
in
his
length
and
greatnesse
,
resembleth
the
common
Citrons
of
Italy
:
When
the
fruit
is
not
ripe
,
the
rinde
is
greene
of
colour
,
and
groweth
yellow
afterward
as
the
Citrons
doe
:
One
shall
not
neede
a
knife
to
open
and
to
pill
this
fruit
,
for
the
rinde
thereof
commeth
away
as
easily
as
the
huske
of
yong
Beanes
;
It
hath
a
pleasing
smell
,
and
the
yellow
flesh
or
marrow
within
,
is
as
firme
as
that
of
a
ripe
peare
which
will
melt
in
the
mouth
;
Whence
it
appeareth
that
this
tree
hath
nothing
common
to
the
Fig-tree
,
but
the
taste
and
sweetnesse
.
There
is
also
another
sort
of
these
Fruits
,
which
is
not
eaten
,
but
rosted
and
put
in
Wine
.
This
plant
is
dried
vp
euery
yeere
when
it
hath
yeelded
his
fruit
,
hauing
at
his
foot
a
tender
sprout
for
the
next
yeere
.
Moreouer
▪
that
which
in
Italy
they
call
the
fig-tree
of
India
,
hath
no
resemblance
either
with
the
plant
or
with
the
fruit
of
this
Bananes
:
This
fruit
is
also
common
to
all
the
Prouinces
of
India
.
But
in
Cochin-China
there
is
another
sort
which
is
neither
found
in
China
,
nor
in
all
India
;
It
is
equall
in
greatnes
to
the
greatest
Citrons
of
Italy
,
and
is
so
substantiall
,
that
one
of
them
will
satisfie
a
man
,
the
flesh
within
is
very
white
▪
they
are
of
a
pleasing
taste
,
and
exceeding
good
against
the
loosenes
of
the
belly
.
There
is
also
in
Cochin-China
another
fruit
,
which
I
haue
not
seene
elsewhere
;
in
India
it
is
called
Can
,
and
resembleth
in
shape
and
fashion
,
the
outside
of
the
Pomegranate
:
But
the
Marrow
within
is
more
liquid
to
be
taken
and
eaten
with
a
Spoone
,
hauing
an
aromaticke
taste
,
and
is
for
colour
not
vnlike
to
a
ripe
Medlar
.
They
haue
also
a
fruit
like
vnto
our
Cherries
,
but
their
taste
is
more
like
that
of
the
Raisin
:
In
their
language
they
call
them
Gnoo
.
Neither
are
they
without
Melons
,
yet
not
so
good
as
those
of
Italy
;
nor
are
they
vsually
eaten
but
with
Sugar
,
or
Hony
.
But
their
Cucumbers
or
Water-Melons
,
as
others
terme
them
,
are
exceeding
great
,
and
most
excellent
.
There
groweth
also
a
fruit
called
Gyaque
,
which
is
common
also
elsewhere
in
India
,
but
not
so
faire
by
much
,
as
in
Cochin-China
,
growing
on
a
tree
as
high
as
the
Wall-nut
or
Chess-nut
tree
,
with
much
longer
prickels
:
This
fruit
is
as
great
as
the
greatest
Cabbage
,
for
one
of
them
is
as
much
as
one
man
can
carry
at
one
time
.
It
is
like
a
Pine-apple
in
the
outside
,
but
the
inside
is
tender
and
soft
;
full
of
yellow
eares
or
cloues
,
whose
graynes
are
flat
and
round
as
a
Iulio
of
Italy
,
or
a
Teston
;
and
in
the
midst
of
each
graine
is
found
a
bone
,
which
they
cast
away
when
they
eate
the
fruit
.
There
are
two
sorts
,
those
which
the
Portugals
call
Giaca-barca
,
whose
meat
is
firme
when
the
kernell
is
cast
away
:
The
other
is
not
so
firme
,
but
rather
soft
as
glue
;
the
taste
of
either
of
them
is
much
resembling
that
of
the
delicious
fruit
called
Durion
,
which
wee
are
now
to
describe
.
The
Durion
is
one
of
the
most
excellent
fruits
in
the
World
,
which
groweth
not
elsewhere
but
at
Malacca
,
Borneo
,
or
some
Iles
thereabouts
:
There
is
no
great
difference
betweene
the
tree
that
beareth
it
,
and
the
Gyaque
;
the
fruit
thereof
,
as
well
as
that
of
the
Gyaque
,
resembling
the
Pine-apple
outwardly
,
both
in
the
shape
,
and
hardnesse
of
his
rinde
:
The
meate
is
close
to
the
bone
,
as
in
the
other
,
being
maruellous
white
,
and
in
taste
and
sweetnesse
like
the
Mangiar-bianco
,
a
delicate
dish
of
the
Italians
.
This
meat
,
and
this
liquor
within
the
Apple
,
is
in
ten
or
twelue
little
cells
,
euery
of
which
hath
his
white
meate
about
the
bone
as
big
as
a
Chess-nut
:
When
you
breake
or
open
it
,
there
commeth
out
a
very
vnpleasing
smell
,
like
that
of
a
rotten
Onion
;
yet
that
which
is
within
hath
no
taste
thereof
at
all
,
but
is
sweete
and
most
delitious
.
Whereupon
I
will
relate
a
History
of
what
happened
where
I
was
present
:
One
being
desirous
to
giue
a
taste
of
this
fruit
to
a
Prelate
that
was
newly
come
to
Malacca
,
opened
it
before
him
,
not
thinking
thereof
,
whence
there
came
so
strong
and
so
vnpleasing
a
sauour
,
that
the
Prelate
became
so
distasted
therewith
,
that
hee
could
not
possibly
be
perswaded
to
taste
thereof
:
But
being
set
at
the
Table
to
his
Dinner
,
amongst
other
seruices
,
there
was
presented
to
him
a
dish
containing
nothing
but
the
inside
of
this
fruit
,
which
in
sauour
and
taste
is
so
like
to
the
Mangiar-bianco
,
that
it
was
easie
to
make
the
Prelate
or
any
other
to
mistake
it
,
that
had
not
seene
it
dressed
or
prepared
.
He
had
no
sooner
put
his
hand
to
it
,
but
at
the
very
first
morsell
which
he
tooke
,
he
found
the
taste
so
exquisite
,
that
with
astonishment
hee
enquired
,
who
was
the
Cooke
that
had
prepared
such
a
delicious
white
meate
;
whereunto
hee
that
feasted
him
in
his
House
,
made
answere
smiling
,
that
no
other
Cooke
had
medled
therewith
,
but
the
great
GOD
,
who
had
furnished
this
Countrey
with
so
rare
a
fruit
;
which
was
no
other
but
the
Durion
which
he
had
in
so
great
horror
at
the
first
:
Wherewith
the
Prelate
was
much
astonished
,
eating
thereof
with
so
good
an
appetite
,
as
if
he
could
not
haue
too
much
of
it
.
This
fruit
is
held
so
excellent
,
that
euen
at
Malacca
where
it
groweth
,
the
same
is
sometimes
sold
for
a
Crowne
a
piece
.
In
Cochin-China
also
there
is
great
plenty
of
another
fruit
,
which
the
Portugals
call
Ananes
.
And
albeit
there
be
nothing
more
common
throughout
India
and
in
Brazil
;
yet
because
I
doe
not
find
them
so
well
discribed
to
my
mind
,
by
such
as
haue
made
mention
of
them
,
I
will
adde
a
word
or
two
concerning
the
same
.
This
fruit
groweth
not
on
any
tree
,
neither
commeth
it
of
any
seed
,
but
of
a
roote
,
as
our
Artichockes
doe
:
The
stalke
and
leafe
is
very
like
those
of
the
Carduus-thistles
and
Artichoks
:
It
is
round
like
a
colomne
or
pillar
of
9.
inches
in
length
,
and
of
such
a
greatnesse
,
that
one
can
scarcely
clip
it
with
both
his
hands
.
The
meate
thereof
is
closed
within
like
as
in
the
Radish
:
But
it
hath
a
harder
rinde
,
which
is
fashioned
in
resemblance
like
to
the
scales
of
Fishes
.
It
is
yellow
within
when
it
is
ripe
,
and
then
the
outside
being
pared
away
with
a
Knife
,
it
is
vsually
eaten
raw
,
being
of
a
sharpe
and
sweete
relish
,
when
it
commeth
to
his
naturity
,
not
vnlike
to
a
delicate
Peare
.
There
is
also
found
in
Cochin-China
another
fruit
,
peculiar
to
that
Countrey
:
It
is
called
of
the
Portugals
,
Areca
,
which
groweth
on
a
tree
of
as
straight
a
body
as
the
Palme-tree
;
hollow
within
,
and
hath
no
leaues
but
at
the
top
onely
,
as
the
Palme-tree
leaues
are
:
In
the
midst
of
which
there
are
little
boughs
on
which
the
fruit
hangeth
,
in
bignes
and
shape
like
the
wall-nut
,
hauing
also
a
greene
huske
like
vnto
it
,
and
the
meat
within
as
white
and
hard
as
a
Chess-nut
;
yet
hath
no
taste
nor
sauour
at
all
:
Therefore
it
is
not
eaten
alone
,
but
couered
with
leaues
of
Betle
,
being
a
plant
well
knowne
in
all
India
,
whose
leaues
are
like
Iuie
leaues
,
and
the
plant
it selfe
climbing
on
trees
as
our
Iuie
in
Europe
.
They
cut
their
leaues
into
small
pieces
,
and
in
euery
piece
they
put
a
morsell
of
Areca
,
so
that
of
one
fruit
,
they
make
foure
or
fiue
morsells
:
They
vse
also
to
put
Lime
to
their
Areca
;
such
as
they
make
in
that
countrey
of
Oyster-shells
,
and
not
of
Lime-stones
as
they
doe
in
Europe
.
And
as
with
vs
there
are
commonly
some
appointed
to
dresse
the
Meat
,
to
prouide
Cates
and
to
performe
other
offices
:
So
in
Cochin-China
there
is
in
euery
house
some
or
other
appointed
to
no
other
office
,
but
onely
to
infold
these
morsels
of
Areca
in
the
Betle
,
and
the
officers
that
are
so
imployed
,
who
most
commonly
are
women
,
be
called
the
Betleres
.
These
morsels
thus
prepared
are
put
into
boxes
,
and
they
vsually
goe
chewing
on
them
all
day
long
,
not
onely
within
doores
,
but
euen
when
they
goe
vp
and
downe
the
streetes
,
or
speake
with
any
,
in
all
places
and
at
all
times
;
But
after
they
haue
long
chewed
it
and
kept
it
in
their
mouthes
without
swallowing
of
it
,
they
spit
it
out
;
contenting
themselues
with
the
odour
and
quality
which
doth
maruellously
comfort
the
stomach
.
This
fruit
thus
prepared
,
is
in
such
request
among
them
,
that
when
any
goeth
to
the
house
of
another
to
visit
him
,
hee
carrieth
with
him
a
boxe
thereof
,
presenting
it
vnto
him
,
which
he
presently
putteth
in
his
mouth
;
and
before
he
take
his
leaue
,
he
that
is
so
visited
,
commandeth
the
Betlere
of
the
house
to
bring
him
a
boxe
thereof
,
which
hee
offereth
to
him
that
came
to
him
that
came
to
see
him
,
in
requitall
of
his
courtesie
.
In
such
sort
that
they
must
alwayes
haue
it
prepared
in
a
readinesse
;
and
so
great
is
the
profit
thereof
,
that
the
greatest
reuenue
of
the
Countrey
,
consisteth
in
possessing
fields
well
planted
with
Areca
,
as
in
Europe
with
Vines
and
Oliues
.
Tobacco
is
also
vsed
there
,
though
not
so
frequently
as
their
Betle
.
There
are
also
Cabbages
of
all
sorts
in
great
abundance
,
as
well
as
Sugar-Canes
.
Our
fruits
of
Europe
are
not
yet
come
to
Cochin-China
;
howbeit
I
am
of
opinion
that
the
Vine
and
Figg-tree
would
prosper
well
there
.
Our
herbes
,
as
Lettice
,
Succory
,
Coleworts
and
such
other
are
growing
in
Cochin-China
,
and
all
ouer
India
;
yet
they
beare
leaues
onely
without
any
seed
:
so
that
when
they
would
haue
any
new
,
they
are
faine
to
haue
the
seed
out
of
Europe
.
Flesh
is
also
there
in
great
plenty
,
by
reason
of
the
abundance
of
foure
footed
beasts
which
they
nourish
there
in
their
houses
,
as
Kine
,
Goats
,
Swine
,
Buffles
,
and
such
other
.
Of
wild
beasts
,
as
Harts
,
they
haue
many
greater
then
those
of
Europe
;
Wild
Bores
and
diuers
others
.
They
haue
great
store
of
Fowles
,
tame
Hens
and
wild
,
with
which
their
fields
are
couered
;
Turtle-Doues
,
Pigeons
,
Duckes
,
Geese
and
Cranes
,
which
are
very
sauoury
meat
;
besides
many
others
which
we
haue
not
here
in
Europe
.
There
is
also
great
store
of
Fish
,
and
that
of
so
exquisite
relish
and
taste
,
that
hauing
crossed
so
many
Seas
,
and
trauelled
through
so
many
Countreys
as
I
haue
done
,
methinkes
I
haue
not
found
the
Fish
of
any
other
place
,
comparable
to
that
of
Cochin-China
.
And
by
reason
that
the
whole
length
of
the
countrey
lieth
on
the
Sea
,
as
I
haue
said
,
there
is
such
a
multitude
of
Fisher-boates
,
and
Fish-takers
,
and
Fish-carriers
throughout
the
Kingdome
,
that
it
is
a
pritty
spectacle
to
behold
so
many
rankes
of
men
,
carrying
Fish
from
the
Sea
side
,
euen
vp
to
the
Mountaines
;
in
which
exercise
they
imploy
twenty
of
the
foure
and
twenty
houres
of
the
day
.
And
although
it
bee
true
,
that
they
like
better
of
Fish
then
of
Flesh
,
yet
the
chiefe
cause
why
they
are
so
much
giuen
to
Fishing
is
,
the
desire
they
haue
to
prouide
themselues
a
Sauce
which
they
call
Balaciam
,
that
is
made
of
a
salted
Fish
mollified
and
dissolued
in
water
;
whereof
they
make
a
biting
liquor
,
not
vnlike
vnto
Mustard
,
with
which
they
furnish
their
Houses
in
so
great
a
quantity
,
that
they
fill
Tunnes
and
Hogsheads
therewith
,
as
in
many
places
of
Europe
men
doe
with
wines
▪
yet
they
vse
it
not
for
meat
by
it selfe
,
but
for
sauce
onely
to
quicken
their
appetite
in
eating
of
their
Rice
,
which
they
suppose
would
otherwise
bee
vnsauoury
.
They
abound
also
with
Shel-fish
,
with
Oysters
,
and
other
fruits
of
the
Sea
;
especially
with
one
kind
which
they
call
Cameron
.
But
beyond
all
that
hath
beene
said
,
Gods
Prouidence
hath
priuiledged
them
with
a
rare
and
exquisite
kind
of
food
,
which
in
my
opinion
cannot
bee
better
likened
or
compared
,
then
to
that
Manna
with
which
the
chosen
people
of
God
were
fed
in
the
Desart
.
This
kind
of
food
is
so
peculiar
to
Cochin-China
,
that
it
is
not
any
where
else
.
That
which
I
will
say
thereof
shall
not
be
by
hearesay
,
or
by
report
of
any
other
,
but
by
mine
owne
experience
,
who
haue
seene
and
eaten
of
it
often
.
There
is
a
little
Bird
in
this
Countrey
,
like
vnto
a
Swallow
,
which
fasteneth
his
nest
to
the
rocks
,
on
which
the
waues
of
the
Sea
doe
beate
,
and
are
broken
.
This
little
creature
taketh
with
her
bill
some
of
the
froth
of
the
Sea
,
and
with
a
certaine
humour
which
shee
draweth
out
of
her
stomacke
,
mingling
the
one
with
the
other
,
maketh
I
know
not
what
clay-like
bituminous
matter
,
wherewith
shee
after
buildeth
her
nest
;
which
when
it
is
growne
to
be
dry
and
hard
,
becommeth
transparent
,
and
of
a
mingled
colour
,
betwixt
yellow
and
greene
.
These
nests
are
gathered
by
those
of
the
Countrey
,
and
being
softened
and
dissolued
in
water
,
serue
to
season
all
their
Meates
,
either
Flesh
,
or
Fish
,
Hearbes
or
any
thing
else
;
giuing
such
a
diuersity
of
relish
,
and
so
proper
to
euery
of
them
,
that
one
would
thinke
they
were
prepared
with
Pepper
,
Cinamom
,
Cloues
,
and
all
manner
of
Spices
:
in
such
sort
,
that
this
little
nest
is
sufficient
to
season
all
sorts
of
Viands
without
Salt
,
Oyle
or
Lard
,
or
any
other
thing
:
Which
made
me
say
that
indeede
it
resembled
the
Manna
,
which
had
in
it selfe
the
taste
of
all
the
most
fauourie
kinds
of
foode
;
but
that
this
is
only
the
worke
of
a
little
Bird
,
whereas
the
other
was
prepared
by
the
Angels
of
God
.
And
of
this
there
is
such
store
,
that
I
haue
seene
ten
little
boats
loaden
with
these
nests
,
gathered
along
the
Rocks
within
the
space
of
halfe
a
League
.
But
because
it
is
such
an
exquisite
thing
,
none
but
the
King
doth
traffique
therewith
,
they
are
all
reserued
for
him
,
and
the
greatest
vtterance
he
maketh
of
them
,
is
for
the
King
of
China
,
who
hath
them
in
great
esteeme
.
They
eate
not
any
Milke
nor
ought
made
thereof
,
holding
it
for
a
great
offence
to
draw
milke
from
Kine
or
any
other
creatures
:
and
their
reason
for
such
their
scrupulosity
is
,
that
they
say
,
the
milke
was
ordained
by
Nature
,
for
the
nourishment
of
the
young
ones
:
As
if
hee
to
whom
the
little
ones
appertaine
,
could
not
dispose
of
the
nutriment
due
vnto
them
.
They
eate
certaine
things
which
wee
lothe
and
abhorre
as
venimous
;
namely
the
Camelions
,
which
are
greater
there
,
then
those
which
being
dried
,
are
brought
out
of
strange
Countreyes
oftentimes
into
Italy
.
I
haue
seene
some
brought
by
a
friend
of
mine
,
bound
,
and
packed
vp
,
which
he
cast
vpon
the
burning
coales
,
and
assoone
as
their
bands
were
burnt
,
they
marched
faire
and
softly
after
their
manner
,
on
the
liue
coales
,
till
such
time
as
they
felt
the
force
of
the
fire
,
which
they
indured
for
a
while
,
being
of
a
very
cold
constitution
;
but
in
the
end
they
were
rosted
and
broiled
,
whereupon
this
friend
of
mine
,
drew
them
to
him
,
and
scraping
away
the
burnt
skin
with
a
Knife
,
found
their
flesh
to
be
exceeding
white
,
which
hee
brayed
and
sod
with
a
little
sawce
like
vnto
Butter
,
and
eate
them
as
a
most
excellent
meat
,
inuiting
me
thereunto
:
But
I
was
contented
with
the
sight
of
it
.
Of
all
other
things
requisite
for
the
intertainement
of
a
mans
life
,
Cochin-China
is
also
very
sufficiently
prouided
.
As
first
for
apparell
,
there
is
such
abundance
of
Silke
,
that
the
handy-craft
men
,
and
the
baser
sort
of
people
weare
it
dayly
.
By
occasion
whereof
,
I
haue
diuers
times
taken
pleasure
to
see
the
men
and
women
trauell
in
carrying
Stones
,
Earth
,
Lime
and
other
like
things
,
without
any
regard
taken
of
the
tearing
or
fouling
their
faire
and
rich
apparell
which
they
weare
.
Yet
this
will
not
seeme
strange
to
any
,
that
shall
know
how
these
high
Mulberry
trees
,
by
whose
leaues
the
Silke-wormes
are
nourished
,
are
as
plentifull
here
in
these
large
plaines
,
as
Hempe
is
with
vs
,
and
no
longer
time
in
growing
.
In
such
sort
,
that
in
a
few
Moneths
the
Wormes
come
forth
of
them
,
and
nourish
themselues
in
the
Aire
▪
spinne
out
their
Silke
in
due
time
,
and
make
their
Codds
,
Bladders
and
Bottomes
,
in
so
great
a
quantity
and
abundance
,
that
not
only
the
Inhabitants
haue
enough
for
their
owne
necessary
vses
and
occasions
;
but
they
furnish
Iapan
also
,
and
send
Silke
to
the
Kingdome
of
Lais
,
wherehence
it
is
also
carried
into
the
Kingdome
of
Thibet
:
For
albeit
the
Silke
be
not
so
fine
and
delicate
,
yet
it
is
stronger
and
more
substantiall
then
that
of
China
.
Their
Buildings
and
Houses
are
all
of
wood
▪
yet
in
regard
thereof
they
need
not
enuy
any
other
Prouince
;
because
that
without
any
exaggeration
,
the
Wood
and
Timber
of
this
countrey
is
the
best
of
all
the
world
,
by
the
iudgement
of
those
that
haue
beene
in
many
places
.
Amongst
that
great
number
and
exceeding
great
diuersitie
of
trees
which
they
haue
,
there
are
two
sorts
most
commonly
imployed
in
their
Buildings
,
which
are
so
incorruptible
,
that
they
are
not
endammaged
by
being
in
the
water
,
or
vnder
the
earth
:
They
be
so
sollid
also
and
so
weighty
,
that
they
will
not
swim
on
the
water
,
but
serue
for
Anchors
.
One
of
these
kinds
of
wood
is
blacke
,
yet
not
so
blacke
as
the
Ebeny
:
The
other
is
red
;
being
both
of
them
so
smooth
and
euen
,
that
when
the
Barke
is
taken
away
,
they
need
no
plaining
or
smoothing
.
These
trees
are
called
Tin
,
and
haply
he
should
not
much
be
deceiued
,
that
should
be
of
opinion
that
the
trees
which
Salomon
vsed
in
the
building
of
the
Temple
,
were
of
the
same
incorruptible
Timber
;
seeing
wee
know
already
by
the
Scripture
,
that
those
which
he
imployed
were
called
Ligna
Thyine
,
2.
Chro.
9.
10.
11.
which
approacheth
very
neere
their
name
.
The
mountaines
of
Cochin-China
are
couered
all
ouer
with
these
trees
which
are
exceeding
straight
,
and
of
such
vnmeasurable
height
,
that
they
seeme
to
touch
the
clouds
with
their
tops
;
and
therewith
so
thicke
,
that
two
men
cannot
circle
them
about
.
With
these
trees
doe
the
inhabitants
of
Cochin-China
build
their
houses
;
of
which
it
is
lawfull
for
euery
one
to
take
on
the
mountaines
as
many
as
he
will
.
Their
houses
are
built
vpon
pillars
that
are
very
high
and
sound
,
and
well
vnderlaid
;
vnto
which
they
ioyne
boards
and
plankes
,
which
they
can
take
off
and
lay
on
againe
,
as
they
list
to
change
them
with
Grates
or
Lattices
of
Canes
and
Reeds
,
which
they
interlace
curiously
to
let
in
the
Aire
in
times
of
heat
;
partly
also
to
giue
the
water
free
passage
in
and
out
,
and
that
their
boats
may
haue
egresse
and
regresse
in
the
time
of
inundations
.
They
vse
also
a
thousand
deuises
and
inuentions
to
beautifie
and
adorne
their
houses
;
caruing
their
boards
and
planks
with
curious
workemanship
,
and
making
their
habitations
delightfull
with
variety
of
garnishment
.
Now
whiles
we
are
discoursing
of
Trees
,
I
will
adde
somewhat
as
concerning
another
kind
of
wood
which
is
their
most
precious
merchandise
:
This
is
that
renowned
wood
called
Aquila
and
Calamba
,
which
are
the
same
in
regard
of
the
wood
,
yet
much
different
in
the
reckoning
made
of
them
,
as
also
in
their
vertue
and
efficacie
.
There
is
good
store
of
these
trees
,
especially
on
the
mountaines
of
the
Kemois
,
which
are
very
great
and
very
high
.
If
this
wood
be
cut
from
a
young
trunke
or
stocke
,
then
they
call
it
Aquila
;
whereof
there
is
such
plenty
,
that
euery
one
may
take
as
much
as
he
will
:
But
when
this
wood
is
taken
from
an
old
tree
,
this
is
the
Calamba
,
which
were
exceeding
hard
to
be
gotten
,
if
Nature
had
not
holpen
in
that
behalfe
,
placing
these
trees
at
the
top
of
the
highest
,
steepe
,
and
craggie
mountaines
,
where
they
may
quietly
grow
without
any
wrong
or
violence
done
them
.
There
are
falling
from
them
from
time
to
time
,
some
branches
which
breake
of
themselues
from
the
body
of
the
tree
;
either
by
becomming
blasted
and
withered
,
or
by
extremity
of
old
age
,
which
are
found
to
be
rotten
and
worme-eaten
.
This
is
the
high-prised
and
renowned
Calamba
,
which
farre
surpasseth
the
common
Aquila
,
in
efficacie
and
sweetnes
of
scent
.
Euery
one
may
sell
of
the
Aquila
at
his
pleasure
;
but
the
traffique
of
the
Calamba
is
reserued
to
the
King
alone
,
for
the
excellent
odour
and
soueraigne
vertue
thereof
.
And
certainely
in
those
places
where
it
is
gathered
,
it
is
so
sweet
,
and
so
odoriferous
,
that
prouing
certaine
pieces
of
it
,
which
had
beene
giuen
me
,
I
buried
them
more
then
fiue
foot
vnder
ground
;
yet
notwithstanding
they
betrayed
themselues
by
their
sweet
smell
.
This
Calamba
where
it
is
gathered
,
is
valued
at
fiue
Ducats
the
pound
;
yet
at
the
Port
of
Cochin-China
it
yeeldeth
more
;
and
scarcely
to
be
had
vnder
sixteene
Ducats
the
pound
:
And
being
transported
to
Iapan
,
it
is
valued
at
two
hundred
Ducats
the
pound
:
But
if
one
meet
with
a
piece
of
such
greatnes
that
a
man
may
lay
his
head
on
it
,
as
on
a
pillow
;
the
Iaponeses
will
giue
three
or
foure
hundred
Ducats
the
pound
for
it
:
because
they
find
by
experiment
(
as
they
say
)
that
it
is
better
for
health
,
to
haue
some
hard
thing
vnder
ones
head
when
he
sleepeth
,
then
a
soft
pillow
of
feathers
:
which
because
they
hold
to
be
vnwholsome
,
they
vse
ordinarily
a
piece
of
wood
for
a
Boulster
to
rest
their
head
on
;
which
euery
one
according
to
his
ability
,
will
haue
as
costly
as
he
can
get
.
And
if
it
be
made
of
Calamba
,
they
account
it
a
pillow
for
a
Prince
.
Now
the
Aquila
,
howsoeuer
it
be
of
lesse
estimation
and
value
then
the
Calamba
;
yet
it
is
of
such
account
and
worth
,
that
one
Ships
lading
of
Aquila
is
sufficient
to
inrich
a
Merchant
all
his
life
.
And
the
best
recompense
that
the
King
can
giue
to
a
Captaine
of
Malacca
,
is
,
to
trade
and
traffique
with
this
Aquila
:
by
reason
that
the
Brachmans
and
Banians
of
India
,
being
accustomed
to
burne
the
bodies
of
the
dead
with
this
odoriferous
wood
,
will
quickly
dispatch
and
rid
him
of
an
infinite
quantity
thereof
.
In
conclusion
,
there
are
also
in
Cochin-China
,
many
Mines
of
the
preciousest
Metalls
,
and
of
Gold
especially
.
So
to
comprehend
in
few
words
the
fertility
of
this
country
,
which
meriteth
a
more
larger
discourse
;
I
will
conclude
this
Chapter
with
that
which
the
Merchants
of
Europe
that
trade
thither
commonly
say
,
That
the
riches
of
Cochin-China
are
greater
then
those
of
China
it selfe
;
which
is
knowne
to
be
so
exceeding
rich
and
plentifull
in
all
good
things
.
CHAP.
IIII.
Of
the
Eelphants
and
Rhinoceros
.
THere
are
many
Elephants
in
the
woods
of
Cochin-China
;
of
which
they
make
no
vse
,
because
they
haue
not
the
skill
to
catch
them
and
to
make
them
tame
,
but
they
haue
some
brought
vnto
them
from
a
neighbouring
countrey
called
Cambogia
,
which
are
instructed
and
disciplined
before
.
These
are
as
great
againe
as
the
Indian
Elephants
,
the
print
of
their
foot
which
they
leaue
behind
them
,
is
a
foot
and
halfe
in
the
Diameter
:
The
teeth
which
come
out
of
their
mouthes
,
of
which
Iuorie
is
made
,
are
oft
times
thirteene
,
sometimes
fourteene
foot
in
length
;
but
those
of
the
female
Elephants
are
much
shorter
:
Whence
may
easily
be
coniectured
,
how
much
greater
the
Elephants
of
Cochin-China
are
,
then
those
which
are
brought
into
Europe
,
whose
teeth
are
not
aboue
two
foot
and
a
halfe
in
length
.
They
are
long
liued
;
and
thereupon
when
I
once
demanded
how
old
one
of
them
was
,
his
Conductor
answered
me
,
that
he
was
threescore
yeeres
old
when
he
was
brought
out
of
Cambogia
,
and
had
liued
fourty
yeeres
in
Cochin-China
.
And
because
I
haue
trauelled
many
times
on
Elephants
in
this
Kingdome
,
I
can
report
many
things
of
them
which
will
seeme
very
strange
,
but
are
neuerthelesse
true
.
The
Elephant
doth
ordinarily
carry
thirteene
or
foureteene
persons
,
who
are
thus
in
this
manner
accommodated
;
Euen
as
we
put
Saddles
on
our
Horses
,
so
doe
they
put
vpon
their
Elephants
,
a
kind
of
Engine
fashioned
like
vnto
a
great
Hors-Litter
,
within
the
which
there
are
foure
seates
;
and
it
is
fastned
and
tied
with
chaines
vnder
the
belly
of
the
Elephant
,
in
like
manner
as
the
Saddle
is
with
the
Girthes
to
the
Horse
.
This
Litter
hath
two
entries
or
open
places
on
each
side
,
in
which
are
bestowed
sixe
persons
,
being
ranked
by
three
and
three
;
and
another
behind
,
wherein
two
persons
are
placed
;
and
then
the
Nayre
,
(
who
is
as
the
Coach-man
or
Conductor
)
placing
himselfe
on
the
Head
of
the
Elephant
,
that
he
may
guide
and
gouerne
him
.
It
hath
not
onely
happened
vnto
me
to
trauell
by
Land
in
this
manner
,
but
many
times
also
by
Water
,
passing
in
this
sort
ouer
some
arme
of
the
Sea
,
sometimes
more
then
halfe
a
league
from
the
Land
▪
And
to
speake
trueth
,
it
is
a
maruellous
thing
to
him
that
neuer
saw
it
;
to
see
such
a
great
and
huge
masse
of
flesh
,
loaden
with
so
heauy
a
burden
,
to
goe
swimming
and
crossing
the
waters
like
a
Boate
with
Oares
.
True
it
is
,
that
he
made
it
sufficiently
appeare
,
that
he
suffered
much
,
as
well
in
the
paines
he
tooke
to
carry
the
great
masse
of
his
body
,
as
for
his
difficulty
of
breathing
;
Insomuch
that
to
ease
and
refresh
himselfe
in
this
great
trauell
,
he
tooke
vp
the
water
in
his
trunke
,
and
cast
it
vp
so
high
in
the
aire
,
that
one
might
haue
thought
it
had
beene
some
Whale
of
the
Sea
.
By
reason
of
his
great
corpulency
,
it
is
an
extreame
difficulty
for
him
to
bow
downe
;
and
although
he
must
needs
doe
it
,
for
the
commoditie
of
those
that
are
to
goe
out
or
enter
into
the
Litter
,
yet
he
neuer
doth
it
but
when
the
Nayre
commandeth
him
;
and
if
whiles
he
is
so
bowed
downe
,
any
make
too
long
stay
,
either
in
complying
with
friends
or
otherwise
;
he
raiseth
himselfe
on
his
feet
,
with
impatience
to
remaine
so
long
in
such
a
violent
posture
.
It
is
no
lesse
wonder
,
to
see
how
at
the
commandment
of
the
Nayre
,
he
maketh
his
body
in
manner
of
a
Ladder
,
for
the
greater
commodity
of
those
that
are
to
enter
into
the
Litter
:
For
the
first
step
,
he
offereth
his
Foot
,
which
is
distant
enough
from
ground
;
for
the
second
he
presenteth
his
Pasterne
,
at
a
conuenient
distance
from
the
first
;
and
for
the
third
,
he
boweth
his
Knee
▪
the
fourth
step
,
is
on
the
bone
of
his
Flanke
which
is
cast
somewhat
outward
for
the
purpose
;
and
from
thence
he
receiueth
you
on
his
trunke
,
and
carrieth
you
to
a
chaine
fastned
to
his
Litter
.
Hereby
euidently
appeareth
,
how
much
they
haue
bin
deceiued
who
haue
written
,
that
the
Elefant
could
neither
bow
himselfe
nor
lie
downe
,
and
that
the
only
way
to
take
him
,
was
to
cut
the
tree
against
which
he
was
to
leane
when
he
went
to
sleepe
:
because
that
by
the
fall
of
that
tree
which
was
to
sustaine
and
support
him
,
he
must
of
force
fall
downe
without
any
ability
to
raise
himselfe
againe
:
by
which
meanes
,
he
should
be
an
assured
prey
to
the
Hunter
that
pursued
him
.
All
this
is
but
a
fable
;
although
it
be
out
of
doubt
,
that
he
neuer
lieth
downe
to
sleepe
:
that
Situation
being
so
incommodious
and
violent
for
him
,
as
hath
beene
expressed
:
and
therefore
hee
sleepeth
alwayes
standing
,
with
a
continuall
agitation
of
his
head
.
In
occasion
of
Warre
and
Battaile
,
they
take
off
the
couering
of
the
Litter
,
wherehence
,
as
out
of
a
Tower
,
the
Souldiers
fight
with
Arrowes
and
Muskets
,
and
sometimes
also
with
Field-pieces
;
the
Elephant
hauing
strength
enough
to
cary
them
:
For
this
beast
is
exceeding
strong
,
and
hath
not
his
like
.
I
haue
seene
one
my selfe
,
cary
excessiue
burdens
on
his
trunk
:
Another
that
lifted
vp
a
great
piece
of
Artillery
:
Another
alone
to
draw
ten
small
Boats
one
after
another
,
taking
them
betweene
his
Teeth
,
with
great
dexterity
,
and
casting
them
into
the
Sea
.
I
haue
seene
others
,
pull
vp
great
Trees
by
the
rootes
,
as
easily
as
a
man
would
pull
vp
a
Colewort
or
a
Lettice
:
With
as
much
facilitie
they
will
throw
downe
and
ouerturne
Houses
,
beat
downe
whole
Streetes
,
when
they
are
commanded
in
the
Warres
,
to
endammage
the
enemie
,
and
in
Peace
,
when
a
House
is
on
fire
,
that
it
take
not
hold
of
the
rest
.
The
trunke
of
the
Elephant
is
long
,
proportionally
to
the
rest
of
his
body
,
so
that
without
stooping
or
bowing
downe
,
he
can
easily
reach
from
the
ground
,
what
hee
list
:
It
is
composed
of
many
little
nerues
,
bound
,
and
linked
one
vnto
the
other
,
in
such
sort
,
that
on
the
one
side
,
it
is
so
flexible
and
maniable
,
that
he
extendeth
and
turneth
it
as
he
list
,
to
receiue
any
the
least
things
;
and
on
the
other
side
,
it
is
therewithall
,
as
hard
and
strong
as
we
haue
said
.
His
whole
body
is
couered
with
a
hard
and
rough
ash
▪
coloured
skin
:
His
ordinary
trauell
,
is
12.
leagues
a
day
.
His
motion
to
those
that
are
not
vsed
vnto
it
;
bringeth
the
like
incommoditie
as
they
find
in
the
Ship
,
that
are
not
accustomed
to
Sea-voyages
.
For
the
Docilitie
of
the
Elephant
,
I
shall
say
more
maruellous
things
,
then
those
which
are
ordinarily
rehearsed
:
Which
will
make
it
manifest
,
that
with
great
reason
it
was
said
by
one
,
Elephanto
belluarum
nulla
prudentior
;
seeing
hee
doth
such
things
as
will
giue
men
iust
cause
to
beleeue
,
that
they
cannot
see
how
they
should
be
done
,
without
Intelligence
and
Prudence
.
First
then
,
the
Nayre
vseth
an
Instrument
of
Iron
about
the
length
of
foure
hands
breadth
,
with
which
he
doth
somtimes
beate
or
pricke
him
,
with
a
sharpe
crooke
which
is
in
the
end
thereof
,
to
awaken
him
,
and
make
him
attentiue
to
what
is
commanded
him
,
yet
notwithstanding
hee
doth
ordinarily
rule
and
direct
him
with
words
,
in
such
sort
,
that
hee
seemeth
to
vnderstand
his
language
:
And
there
are
of
them
,
that
vnderstand
three
or
foure
,
according
to
the
Countreyes
where
they
haue
liued
.
So
it
seemed
that
hee
on
which
I
trauelled
,
understood
the
Language
of
Cambogia
,
whence
he
was
brought
,
and
that
of
Cochin-China
,
where
he
serued
.
But
who
would
not
wonder
to
see
the
Nayre
talking
to
his
Elephant
,
informing
him
of
his
voyage
,
of
the
wayes
he
is
to
goe
,
in
what
Inne
hee
intendeth
to
lodge
,
what
prouision
hee
shall
find
there
,
and
to
tell
him
particularly
what
he
is
to
doe
in
all
that
Iourney
thorowout
;
and
that
the
Elephant
performeth
all
with
as
much
punctuality
,
as
a
man
of
sound
Iudgement
.
In
such
sort
,
that
hauing
vnderstood
whither
he
is
to
goe
,
hee
goeth
straight
directly
thither
,
without
seeking
of
a
beaten
way
,
and
without
any
astonishment
,
if
he
meet
with
riuers
,
Woods
,
or
Mountaines
,
but
imagining
that
he
shall
euery
where
make
his
passage
,
hee
passeth
through
all
difficulties
:
For
if
there
be
a
Riuer
in
his
way
,
hee
either
wadeth
,
or
swimmeth
through
it
;
If
hee
be
to
passe
through
a
Wood
,
hee
breaketh
the
branches
that
hinder
him
,
pulleth
vp
whole
Trees
with
his
trunke
,
and
cutteth
off
others
with
a
sharpe
Iron
,
made
like
vnto
a
Sithe
,
which
for
such
purposes
is
fastened
vnto
the
forepart
of
the
Litter
;
and
when
occasion
serueth
,
hee
draweth
first
the
branches
and
boughes
to
him
,
then
he
taketh
this
Iron
and
cutteth
them
away
;
making
himselfe
an
open
passage
through
the
thickest
Forrests
whatsoeuer
,
whereby
men
perceiue
that
the
Elephant
hath
beene
there
and
opened
the
way
.
All
this
hee
doth
easily
,
and
readily
to
execute
the
commandements
of
the
Nayre
.
One
onely
thing
this
beast
findeth
incommodious
and
grieuous
,
which
is
,
when
any
thorne
or
other
sharpe
thing
pricketh
the
soles
of
his
feete
,
which
he
hath
very
tender
and
sensible
;
going
therefore
but
softly
,
and
with
great
circumspection
,
when
hee
is
to
passe
through
such
dangerous
places
.
I
was
once
on
a
Iourney
,
in
which
there
were
seuen
or
eight
Elephants
in
company
,
when
I
hard
the
Nayres
each
of
them
aduertising
his
beast
to
take
heede
to
their
footing
,
because
they
were
to
goe
for
the
space
of
halfe
a
League
,
through
certaine
sandie
places
,
in
which
there
were
commonly
some
Thornes
growing
:
At
which
warning
the
Elephants
bowed
downe
their
heads
,
and
looking
attentiuely
with
their
eyes
,
as
men
commonly
doe
when
they
seeke
after
somewhat
that
is
lost
,
they
went
faire
and
softly
,
with
great
heedfulnesse
,
whiles
they
were
in
that
danger
,
till
such
time
as
being
told
that
they
were
past
feare
,
they
lifted
vp
their
heads
,
and
continued
their
pace
as
before
.
In
the
euening
,
being
come
to
their
Inne
,
the
Nayres
bid
the
Elephants
goe
to
pasture
in
a
Wood
,
without
taking
their
Litters
from
their
backes
:
And
when
I
questioned
them
why
they
did
not
discharge
them
of
that
burden
,
they
answered
me
,
that
the
Elephants
were
to
feede
on
the
boughs
,
and
bodies
of
trees
,
and
therefore
that
they
might
cut
them
downe
at
their
pleasure
,
with
the
sharpe
Iron
we
speake
of
,
they
were
to
keepe
on
their
Litters
.
The
next
day
,
being
to
lodge
in
a
place
where
there
was
no
Wood
,
the
Nayres
brrought
each
of
them
a
great
faggot
of
greene
trees
for
their
Elephants
,
I
tooke
great
delight
to
obserue
how
one
of
them
with
his
trunke
tooke
these
boughs
more
nimbly
then
the
rest
,
pulled
them
with
his
teeth
,
and
did
eate
them
after
with
as
good
an
appetite
as
wee
would
eate
a
figge
,
or
any
other
fruit
.
The
next
day
discoursing
with
the
other
trauellers
,
being
about
some
twenty
persons
,
I
told
them
what
pleasure
I
tooke
in
beholding
how
handsomely
this
Elephant
did
make
shift
to
feede
on
those
boughes
.
Whereupon
the
Nayre
by
commandement
of
the
owner
of
this
Elephant
,
called
him
aloud
by
his
name
,
which
was
Gnin
,
who
being
gone
a
little
aside
,
presently
lifted
vp
his
head
,
as
hearkning
what
he
would
say
to
him
:
Remember
saith
the
Nayre
the
father
the
passenger
,
that
was
pleased
▪
yesterday
to
see
thee
eate
:
Take
presently
a
truncheon
such
as
thou
hadst
then
;
and
come
into
his
presence
,
doing
as
thou
diddest
:
No
sooner
had
the
Nayre
spoken
,
but
the
Elephant
holding
a
Truncheon
in
his
mouth
,
commeth
before
me
,
and
finding
me
out
amongst
the
rest
,
presenteth
it
vnto
me
;
then
peeleth
and
eateth
it
,
and
doing
me
a
profound
reuerence
,
retireth
himselfe
as
it
were
laughing
,
with
signes
of
gladnesse
and
reioycing
:
And
I
remained
astonished
,
to
see
in
a
beast
so
much
aptnesse
to
vnderstand
and
to
doe
what
was
commanded
him
.
Yet
is
he
obedient
to
none
but
to
the
Nayre
or
to
his
Master
,
and
endureth
not
to
see
any
other
get
vpon
him
;
which
if
any
attempt
to
doe
,
and
he
see
it
,
they
doubt
he
would
cast
downe
his
Litter
,
and
kill
him
with
his
trunke
.
Therefore
when
any
are
to
get
vp
on
him
,
the
Nayre
couereth
his
eyes
with
his
eares
,
which
are
very
huge
and
vnhansome
.
When
he
sheweth
himselfe
resty
in
doing
what
is
commanded
him
,
and
doth
it
not
so
readily
as
hee
ought
,
the
Nayre
hauing
both
his
feet
vpon
his
head
,
beateth
and
chastiseth
him
soundly
,
giuing
great
blowes
with
a
staffe
,
in
the
midst
of
his
forehead
.
Once
we
being
many
in
a
company
on
an
Elephant
that
carried
vs
,
and
the
Nayre
beating
him
in
such
sort
as
we
haue
said
,
we
expected
at
euery
blow
he
receiued
,
that
hee
would
haue
cast
vs
downe
.
They
giue
him
ordinarily
sixe
or
seuen
blowes
on
hisforehead
,
but
with
such
vehemency
,
that
the
Elephant
trembleth
euery
Limbe
and
Ioynt
;
yet
endureth
it
with
much
patience
.
There
is
onely
one
occasion
wherein
he
will
not
be
ruled
by
the
Nayre
nor
by
any
man
,
which
is
,
when
on
the
suddaine
he
entreth
into
Rut
:
for
then
being
beside
himselfe
,
as
if
he
were
mad
,
he
endureth
no
body
;
but
taketh
his
Litter
with
his
trunke
,
battering
and
breaking
all
to
pieces
.
Yet
ordinarily
the
Nayre
perceiuing
it
a
little
before
,
by
certaine
signes
,
alighteth
off
him
,
and
likewise
the
company
;
and
taking
off
the
Litter
from
his
backe
,
leaueth
him
in
some
close
corner
alone
till
his
heat
be
ouerpassed
:
after
which
,
as
if
he
were
ashamed
of
his
disorder
,
he
goeth
holding
downe
his
head
,
submitting
himselfe
to
the
blowes
and
bastinadoes
which
he
seemeth
to
himselfe
to
haue
well
deserued
.
These
beasts
in
former
times
haue
beene
of
great
vse
in
the
Warres
,
and
such
Armies
as
came
into
the
field
with
great
bands
of
them
,
were
much
feared
.
But
since
the
Portugals
found
out
the
inuention
to
incounter
them
with
Torches
and
Fire-brands
,
they
haue
rather
beene
hurtfull
then
profitable
,
because
being
not
able
to
abide
those
fiery
flames
before
their
eyes
,
they
furiously
fled
away
,
putting
their
owne
Armies
in
disaray
,
killing
and
ouerthrowing
all
that
stood
in
their
way
.
The
tame
Elephant
fighteth
onely
with
two
sorts
of
beasts
,
which
are
the
Wilde
Elephant
,
and
the
Abade
or
Rinoceros
;
for
this
latter
he
is
commonly
two
hard
,
but
by
the
former
he
is
ordinarily
ouercome
.
The
Abade
is
a
beast
which
hath
some
resemblance
of
the
Oxe
,
and
somewhat
of
the
Horse
;
and
is
of
the
bignesse
of
a
little
Elephant
:
He
is
couered
all
ouer
with
Scales
,
which
is
to
him
as
an
armour
;
he
hath
but
one
horne
in
the
midst
of
his
forehead
,
which
groweth
straight
,
being
formed
like
a
Pyramide
:
his
feete
and
hoofes
like
those
of
an
Oxe
.
Whiles
I
was
at
Nouoemon
a
Towne
in
the
Prouince
of
Pulucambes
,
the
Gouernour
went
out
once
to
hunt
an
Abade
,
which
was
in
a
Wood
not
farre
from
our
dwelling
:
He
was
accompanied
with
more
then
a
hundred
,
some
on
foot
,
others
on
horsebacke
,
with
eight
or
ten
Elephants
.
The
Abade
commeth
out
of
the
Wood
,
and
at
the
sight
of
so
many
enemies
,
not
onely
sheweth
no
signe
of
feare
,
but
furiously
goeth
against
them
all
;
thereupon
the
company
diuiding
themselues
into
two
wings
,
the
Abade
runneth
through
the
midst
of
them
,
and
came
to
the
rereward
where
the
Gouernour
was
mounted
on
an
Elephant
,
which
sought
to
take
hold
on
the
Abade
with
his
trunke
,
but
could
not
,
by
reason
that
the
other
made
so
many
leapes
and
friskoles
,
seeking
to
pierce
the
Elephant
with
his
horne
.
The
Gouernour
knowing
well
that
this
beast
could
not
bee
wounded
,
but
where
he
had
no
Scales
,
which
was
onely
in
his
flanke
,
watched
when
in
his
leaping
his
belly
was
towards
him
;
and
taking
his
aduantage
,
threw
a
dart
at
him
,
with
which
he
pierced
him
through
,
which
caused
great
acclamations
and
shoutings
of
ioy
throughout
all
his
troope
;
who
there
presently
in
the
field
made
a
great
bonfire
of
wood
,
wherein
whiles
the
Scales
of
the
beast
were
a
burning
,
they
daunced
and
leaped
about
it
;
and
when
,
as
by
degrees
,
the
flesh
came
to
be
rosted
,
they
cut
out
euery
one
his
Carbonado
,
and
merrily
eate
it
.
Then
they
opened
the
Abade
to
take
out
his
Heart
,
his
Liuer
and
his
Braine
,
whereof
they
made
a
delicate
dish
,
which
they
presented
to
the
Gouernour
,
who
had
retired
himselfe
somewhat
aside
to
a
higher
place
,
where
hee
sollased
himselfe
with
their
iollity
.
I
being
present
at
this
piece
of
seruice
,
obtained
of
the
Gouernour
,
the
Nayles
or
Hoofes
for
my
share
,
which
are
esteemed
to
haue
the
like
vertue
and
property
,
that
the
Hoofe
of
the
Elk
hath
.
The
Horne
also
is
thought
to
be
as
soueraigne
against
poyson
,
as
the
Vnicornes
Horne
is
held
to
be
.
CHAP.
V.
Of
the
Temperament
Manners
and
Customes
of
the
Cochin-Chinois
,
Of
their
manner
of
Liuing
,
Clothing
,
and
Medicines
.
THe
Cochin-Chinois
are
little
differing
from
the
Chinois
in
their
Countenance
,
being
all
of
Oliue
colours
;
those
I
meane
that
are
toward
the
Sea
:
for
the
others
which
are
farther
into
the
Land
towards
Tunchim
,
are
as
white
as
those
of
Europe
.
In
the
lineaments
of
their
faces
they
are
like
the
Inhabitants
of
China
;
flat
nosed
as
they
are
,
with
little
eyes
.
They
are
of
a
meane
stature
;
neither
so
little
as
the
Iaponois
,
nor
yet
so
tall
as
the
Chinois
;
but
in
strength
and
agility
of
body
,
they
exceed
them
both
:
They
surpasse
the
Chinois
also
in
courage
and
valour
:
onely
the
Iaponois
surmount
them
in
one
thing
,
which
is
,
their
contempt
of
life
in
perils
and
conflicts
:
for
these
Iaponois
seeme
to
make
no
account
thereof
,
and
to
haue
no
feare
of
death
at
all
.
The
Cochin-Chinois
is
more
gentle
and
courteous
in
conuersation
,
then
any
other
nation
of
the
East
:
and
albeit
on
the
one
side
they
stand
much
vpon
their
valour
;
yet
on
the
other
side
,
they
hold
it
as
infamous
to
be
transported
with
choller
.
And
whereas
all
the
other
Easterne
nations
hold
the
Europeans
for
profane
people
,
and
haue
them
naturally
in
horror
;
in
such
sort
,
that
when
wee
land
in
any
of
their
Countreys
,
they
betake
themselues
to
flight
.
In
Cochin-China
on
the
contrary
,
they
contend
who
shall
conuerse
with
vs
most
;
they
aske
vs
many
questions
,
they
inuite
vs
to
eate
with
them
,
vsing
all
kind
of
Courtesie
,
Ciuility
,
and
Familiarity
.
So
it
happened
with
me
and
my
companions
at
our
first
arriuall
there
;
where
it
seemed
vnto
vs
,
as
if
we
were
amongst
our
ancient
acquaintance
.
By
which
occasion
,
there
is
a
fare
Gate
opened
for
the
Preaching
of
the
Gospel
of
Iesus
Christ
amongst
them
..
Of
this
gentle
and
pleasing
disposition
,
and
of
this
facilitie
of
manners
,
there
commeth
that
great
vnion
,
and
good
intelligence
,
which
they
haue
amongst
themselues
,
conuersing
together
one
with
the
other
,
as
openly
,
with
as
much
Candour
,
as
if
they
were
all
brethren
,
bred
,
and
brought
vp
together
in
the
same
House
,
though
they
neuer
saw
each
other
before
.
And
it
would
be
held
a
great
basenesse
amongst
them
,
if
any
should
eate
any
thing
,
were
it
neuer
so
little
,
without
imparting
it
to
those
that
are
with
him
,
and
giuing
to
euery
one
his
morsell
.
They
are
of
a
liberall
inclination
,
and
beneficent
to
the
poore
,
neuer
refusing
their
alms
to
those
that
aske
it
,
and
would
thinke
they
had
failed
much
in
their
duty
,
if
they
had
denied
them
,
as
holding
themselues
bound
in
iustice
to
relieue
those
that
are
in
want
.
By
means
wherof
,
it
happened
that
some
strangers
making
ship-wrackein
one
of
the
ports
of
Cochin-China
,
and
hauing
no
knowledge
of
the
tongue
,
by
which
they
might
beg
what
they
needed
,
holp
their
necessity
sufficiently
by
learning
this
one
word
,
Doij
,
which
signifieth
,
I
am
hungry
:
For
as
soone
as
they
perceiued
strangers
complayning
in
such
a
manner
,
and
crying
Doij
at
their
doores
,
they
went
out
all
auie
,
being
touched
with
compassion
,
and
gaue
them
somewhat
to
eat
,
whereby
they
got
suddenly
so
much
prouision
,
that
the
King
hauing
granted
them
a
Ship
,
to
carry
them
into
their
Countrey
,
there
was
not
one
of
them
willing
to
take
that
opportunity
,
they
were
become
so
affected
to
that
Countrey
,
where
they
had
found
such
as
would
liberally
furnish
them
wherewith
to
sustaine
themselues
without
working
▪
Insomuch
that
the
Captaine
of
the
Ship
was
driuen
to
constraine
them
with
a
good
cudgell
,
and
with
the
flat
of
his
Sword
,
to
embarke
themselues
,
as
they
did
with
good
store
of
Rice
which
they
had
gathered
,
going
but
from
doore
to
to
doore
,
and
crying
,
I
am
hungry
.
But
as
these
Cochin-Chinois
doe
shew
themselues
prompt
and
liberall
in
giuing
,
so
are
they
as
much
or
more
in
requesting
whatsoeuer
they
see
to
their
liking
;
for
they
no
sooner
can
cast
their
eye
on
any
thing
which
they
thinke
rare
and
curious
,
but
they
are
desirous
thereof
,
and
will
say
vnto
you
Sin
Mocaij
,
which
signifieth
,
giue
me
one
of
those
:
and
they
hold
it
a
great
discourtesie
to
deny
them
any
thing
,
though
it
be
rare
and
precious
,
or
no
more
such
to
be
had
;
and
account
him
base
that
refuseth
them
,
whereby
men
are
driuen
either
to
hide
what
they
haue
,
or
to
be
ready
to
bestow
it
on
him
that
shall
aske
it
.
A
Portugal
Merchant
,
nothing
liking
this
strange
custome
(
as
indeede
there
are
few
that
like
well
of
it
)
seeing
himselfe
euery
day
importuned
to
giue
whatsoeuer
good
thing
hee
had
,
was
one
day
disposed
to
carrie
himselfe
in
like
manner
toward
them
;
and
so
comming
to
a
poore
Fisher-mans
boate
,
and
laying
hands
on
a
great
panier
full
of
Fish
,
hee
saith
vnto
him
in
the
language
of
that
Countrey
,
Sin
Mocaij
,
Giue
me
this
;
the
good
man
without
further
discourse
gaue
him
the
panier
as
it
was
,
to
carry
away
,
which
the
Portugal
carried
to
his
House
accordingly
,
wondering
at
the
liberality
of
the
poore
man
.
But
hauing
consideration
of
his
pouerty
,
he
paid
him
afterward
the
value
.
Their
termes
of
Ciuillity
,
Courtesie
,
and
Entertainment
,
are
very
neere
those
which
are
vsed
in
China
,
the
inferiours
vsing
great
respect
toward
their
superiours
,
as
also
those
of
the
same
rancke
,
practising
one
towards
another
all
those
petty
punctualities
,
and
complements
,
which
are
peculiar
to
the
Chinois
:
Especially
the
great
reuerence
they
beare
to
the
aged
;
alwayes
preferring
the
ancientest
,
of
what
degree
or
condition
soeuer
they
are
;
and
giuing
to
the
aged
all
kind
of
preeminence
aboue
the
younger
.
And
so
some
of
these
Lords
comming
often
to
visite
vs
in
our
House
,
though
they
had
beene
sufficiently
aduertised
by
the
Interpreter
,
that
a
certaine
Father
being
more
aged
then
the
rest
was
not
our
superiour
,
they
could
not
possibly
forbeare
to
salute
him
that
was
old
before
the
superiour
,
being
much
younger
.
In
all
the
Houses
of
Cochin-China
,
be
they
neuer
so
poore
,
three
sorts
of
sitting
are
vsed
.
The
first
,
and
least
of
all
is
▪
on
a
Matt
stretched
out
on
the
ground
;
whereon
all
doe
sit
,
that
are
of
the
like
quality
and
degree
.
The
second
is
on
certaine
Coards
or
Girts
,
stretched
out
and
couered
with
a
finer
kind
of
Matts
then
the
former
,
where
those
of
the
better
rancke
place
themselues
.
The
third
is
on
a
Tent
which
is
raised
from
the
ground
,
about
some
two
foote
and
a
halfe
,
made
in
manner
of
a
Bed
,
which
is
reserued
onely
for
the
Gouernours
,
or
Lords
of
the
place
,
or
for
such
as
are
dedicated
to
the
Seruice
of
God
:
On
which
they
alwayes
make
our
Fathers
to
sit
.
Of
this
gentle
and
agreeable
humour
of
the
Cochin-Chinois
commeth
;
the
account
they
make
of
Strangers
,
giuing
them
liberty
to
liue
according
to
their
owne
law
,
and
to
apparrell
themselues
as
they
thinke
good
,
commending
their
course
of
liuing
,
admiring
their
Learning
,
and
frankly
preferring
it
before
their
owne
;
contrary
to
the
Chinois
,
which
make
no
reckoning
,
but
of
their
owne
Countrey
,
their
owne
fashions
,
and
their
owne
Doctrine
.
Concerning
their
Apparrell
and
Clothing
,
wee
haue
already
said
,
that
Silke
is
so
common
in
Cochin-China
,
that
all
are
clad
therewith
.
It
onely
remaineth
to
speake
of
the
Fashions
which
they
vse
:
And
to
begin
with
the
Women
,
I
must
confesse
,
that
their
habit
hath
allwayes
seemed
vnto
me
,
to
be
the
most
Modest
of
all
India
,
for
they
cannot
endure
any
part
of
their
bodies
to
be
vncouered
;
no
not
in
the
greatest
heates
.
They
weare
fiue
or
six
Taffeties
,
one
vpon
another
,
all
of
seuerall
colours
.
The
first
reacheth
downe
to
the
ground
,
which
they
make
trayne
along
,
with
such
Grauity
,
Decency
,
and
Maiestie
,
that
one
cannot
discerne
so
much
as
the
end
of
their
feet
;
the
next
is
foure
or
fiue
fingers
breadth
shorter
;
the
third
commeth
short
of
the
second
;
and
so
are
the
rest
,
the
one
shorter
then
the
other
;
in
such
sort
,
that
all
the
colours
are
discerned
.
This
is
their
Habit
ftom
the
Girdle
downewards
.
Their
bodies
they
couer
with
certaine
curious
Stuffes
,
which
are
wrought
Eschecquer-wise
of
sundry
colours
,
casting
ouer
it
so
fine
and
thin
a
vaile
,
that
all
this
diuersity
,
and
varietie
may
easily
be
perceiued
through
it
,
like
a
pleasant
and
gratious
Spring-time
,
accompanied
with
great
Grauity
,
and
Modestie
.
They
weare
their
haire
loosely
,
hanging
on
their
shoulders
,
which
they
suffer
to
grow
so
long
,
that
it
reacheth
to
the
ground
,
and
the
longer
it
is
,
the
fairer
it
is
accounted
.
They
weare
a
great
Hat
on
their
Heads
,
with
such
broad
brims
that
they
couer
all
their
Faces
,
and
suffer
them
not
to
see
more
then
three
or
foure
paces
before
them
;
and
these
Hats
are
wouen
or
interlaced
with
Silke
,
and
Gold
,
according
to
the
quality
of
the
persons
:
The
Women
are
not
bound
to
any
further
courtesie
in
the
Saluting
of
any
whom
they
meete
,
then
to
lift
vp
their
Hats
so
farre
that
their
Faces
may
be
seene
.
The
men
in
stead
of
Breeches
wrap
themselues
with
a
whole
piece
of
Stuffe
,
clothing
themselues
ouer
it
in
the
like
manner
,
with
fiue
or
sixe
garments
which
are
long
and
large
,
all
of
fine
Silke
,
of
sundry
colours
,
with
great
large
Sleeues
,
not
vnlike
those
that
the
Benedictines
vse
to
weare
.
These
garments
of
theirs
,
from
the
girdle
downewards
,
are
all
becut
and
slashed
with
curious
deuises
;
in
such
sort
that
as
they
goe
through
the
Towne
,
they
make
such
a
shew
of
all
these
colours
mingled
together
,
that
if
neuer
so
little
a
wind
should
happen
to
blow
vpon
their
garments
,
one
might
say
they
were
so
many
Peacocks
going
about
shewing
the
variety
of
their
plumes
.
They
let
their
Haire
grow
as
the
women
doe
theirs
,
euen
downe
to
their
heeles
,
and
weare
their
Hatts
in
like
manner
.
They
which
haue
any
Beard
,
of
which
their
are
but
few
,
doe
neuervse
to
cut
it
,
conforming
themselues
therein
with
the
Chinois
;
as
also
in
letting
the
Nailes
of
their
fingers
grow
,
which
the
Gentry
doe
not
vse
to
haue
cut
,
keeping
them
as
tokens
of
Nobility
,
to
distinguish
them
from
the
Common
people
and
the
Artificers
;
who
may
not
weare
them
long
,
lest
they
should
bee
hindered
by
them
in
their
worke
:
whereas
the
Gentlemen
haue
such
long
ones
,
that
they
cannot
gripe
any
thing
in
their
hands
.
They
cannot
relish
our
fashion
of
cutting
our
Haire
and
our
Nailes
,
because
they
suppose
them
to
haue
beene
giuen
by
Nature
for
an
ornament
.
When
wee
were
once
in
discourse
about
the
Haire
,
they
made
an
obiection
▪
to
which
it
was
not
very
easie
to
make
answere
on
the
suddaine
:
If
,
said
they
,
the
Sauiour
of
the
world
,
(
to
whom
ye
professe
that
ye
seeke
to
conforme
your selues
in
all
your
actions
)
did
weare
his
Haire
long
after
the
manner
of
the
Nazarites
,
as
ye
assure
your selues
,
and
as
appeareth
in
the
Pictures
of
him
which
ye
haue
shewen
vs
,
why
doe
yee
not
the
like
?
adding
thereunto
,
for
more
force
of
argument
,
that
the
Sauiour
of
the
world
,
wearing
his
Haire
at
the
full
length
,
gaue
vs
to
vnderstand
it
was
the
best
fashion
:
Yet
notwithstanding
they
contented
themselues
,
when
we
told
them
that
our
imitation
did
not
consist
in
the
exteriour
man
or
in
the
outward
habit
.
The
Learned
sort
and
the
Doctors
,
apparell
themselues
somewhat
more
grauely
,
without
so
many
colours
and
cuttings
;
couering
the
rest
of
their
garments
with
a
Gowne
of
blacke
Damaske
:
they
weare
also
a
kind
of
Stole
,
hanging
about
their
Necke
,
and
a
Maniple
of
blue
Silke
on
their
Arme
,
couering
their
heads
commonly
with
a
Cap
,
not
vnlike
to
a
Bishops
Mitre
.
The
men
as
well
as
the
women
,
haue
euer
a
Fanne
in
their
hands
very
like
ours
here
in
Europe
;
which
they
carry
more
for
countenance
then
otherwise
.
But
whereas
we
in
Europe
vse
to
be
clad
in
blackes
,
during
our
mourning
,
they
vse
the
white
on
like
occasion
:
when
they
salute
any
,
they
neuer
vncouer
their
head
,
holding
that
for
a
discourtesie
and
full
of
irreuerence
,
vnbefitting
;
wherein
they
agree
in
opinion
with
those
of
China
.
The
Cochin-Chinois
vse
neither
Hose
nor
Shooes
,
but
onely
take
at
the
most
,
to
keepe
the
soles
of
their
feet
from
what
might
offend
them
,
a
sole
of
Leather
,
made
fast
and
tied
vpon
the
foot
with
some
buttons
and
ribbands
of
Silke
,
after
the
manner
of
Sandales
:
not
accounting
it
any
way
vndecent
to
goe
without
Stockens
or
Hose
and
Shooes
.
And
albeit
,
going
after
such
a
manner
shod
or
vnshod
,
they
often
times
find
their
feet
very
dirty
,
they
reckon
little
of
it
,
hauing
for
the
purpose
in
euery
house
,
at
the
entry
of
the
Hall
,
a
Bason
of
faire
water
in
which
they
wash
their
feet
;
and
such
of
them
as
vse
to
weare
Sandals
,
leaue
them
there
to
put
on
againe
when
they
goe
forth
,
hauing
no
need
to
vse
them
within
doores
,
where
the
ground
being
couered
with
Matts
,
they
feare
no
fouling
of
them
.
The
ordinary
food
of
the
Cochin-Chinois
is
Rice
,
and
it
seemeth
a
strange
thing
,
that
this
Countrey
being
so
plentifull
in
all
kinds
of
Flesh
,
Fowle
,
Fish
and
Fruits
,
that
neuerthelesse
,
they
feed
still
on
Rice
;
wherewith
they
commonly
fill
themselues
at
the
beginning
of
their
repast
,
and
then
by
way
of
ceremony
,
doe
but
assay
and
taste
of
all
the
other
Viands
.
So
that
Rice
is
to
them
the
principall
and
chiefe
,
as
bread
is
with
vs
,
which
they
eate
alone
without
sauce
or
mixture
,
either
of
Butter
,
Oyle
or
Suggar
,
but
only
seething
of
it
in
water
;
whereof
they
vse
no
more
then
will
serue
to
keepe
it
from
sticking
to
the
Pot
,
and
so
from
being
burnt
;
by
reason
whereof
the
graines
remaine
stil
entire
,
being
only
a
little
mollified
,
and
moystned
.
They
find
moreouer
by
experience
,
that
the
not
vsing
to
season
the
Rice
maketh
it
digest
the
more
easily
;
whence
it
is
,
that
throughout
all
the
East
they
accustome
themselues
to
eate
foure
times
a
day
at
the
least
,
and
that
plentifully
,
to
supply
the
necessity
of
Nature
.
The
Cochin-Chinois
eate
sitting
crosse-legd
on
the
ground
,
hauing
a
round
Table
before
them
,
brest-high
,
curiously
wrought
,
and
the
edge
or
border
about
it
gilded
with
Siluer
or
Gold
,
according
to
the
quality
of
the
persons
.
This
Table
is
not
very
great
,
the
custome
being
,
that
euery
one
haue
a
seuerall
Table
;
and
that
as
many
guests
as
are
inuited
or
expected
,
so
many
Tables
be
prepared
for
them
▪
which
is
also
obserued
when
they
eate
in
priuate
,
vnlesse
haply
the
Husband
and
Wife
,
or
the
Father
and
the
Sonne
bee
contented
with
one
Table
.
They
haue
neither
kniues
nor
forkes
at
the
Table
,
not
needing
any
.
They
haue
no
need
of
kniues
,
because
their
morsells
are
before
cut
out
in
the
Kitchin
;
and
in
lieu
of
forkes
they
haue
little
stickes
finely
polished
which
they
put
betwixt
their
fingers
in
such
sort
,
that
with
their
dexterity
they
can
take
vp
any
thing
therewith
.
They
haue
as
little
need
of
table
Napkins
,
seeing
they
neuer
foule
their
hands
,
but
alwayes
take
vp
their
meat
with
those
stickes
.
They
inuite
one
another
often
to
Feasts
and
Banquets
,
in
which
they
serue
many
other
sorts
of
Cates
besides
those
I
haue
mentioned
:
Yet
therein
they
serue
no
Rice
,
because
they
suppose
that
euery
one
hath
enough
at
home
.
And
how
poore
soeuer
he
be
that
giueth
entertainement
,
they
thinke
hee
hath
not
done
fairely
,
if
euery
of
the
guests
haue
not
his
Table
serued
with
an
hundred
dishes
at
least
.
Also
,
because
they
vse
to
inuite
all
their
Friends
,
Kinsefolke
and
Neighbours
to
these
feasts
,
there
is
seldome
any
such
meeting
,
at
which
there
are
not
thirty
,
forty
,
or
fifty
,
and
sometimes
an
hundred
,
or
two
hundred
persons
.
I
was
once
my selfe
at
one
of
these
Sollemne-Feasts
,
in
which
the
Guests
were
no
lesse
then
two
thousand
.
Therfore
such
Feasts
are
made
in
the
open
fields
,
that
there
may
be
roome
enough
to
place
so
many
Tables
:
Neither
ought
it
to
be
found
strange
,
that
these
Tables
being
not
great
,
there
should
bee
an
hundred
Dishes
serued
thereon
at
once
;
because
at
such
times
by
a
maruellous
prety
deuice
,
they
place
a
little
castle
on
the
Table
,
hauing
sundry
Stages
made
of
Suger-canes
,
on
which
they
bestow
in
very
good
order
,
all
these
Dishes
,
in
which
also
there
is
contained
whatsoeuer
the
Countrey
yeeldeth
,
as
well
of
Flesh
,
Fish
,
Foule
,
Fourefooted-beasts
,
both
wild
and
tame
,
as
also
all
sorts
of
fruits
which
the
season
afordeth
:
For
if
there
be
any
one
wanting
,
it
is
very
disgracefull
to
the
entertainment
;
and
they
will
scarse
vouchsafe
it
the
name
of
a
Feast
.
The
Masters
are
first
serued
,
by
their
principall
attendants
,
who
eate
in
their
Masters
places
when
they
are
risen
;
being
serued
by
inferiour
seruants
,
which
succeed
them
in
their
turne
.
And
because
they
cannot
deuoure
all
that
is
prepared
,
and
the
custome
is
to
make
a
cleane
riddance
of
all
,
as
soone
as
these
are
satisfied
,
there
commeth
yet
a
baser
sort
of
followers
,
who
when
they
haue
also
eaten
their
fill
,
vse
to
put
vp
the
remnant
in
bagges
which
they
beare
for
that
purpose
,
and
carry
it
home
to
feast
the
Lackies
and
Scullions
of
the
Kitchin
,
who
make
good
cheere
with
it
;
and
then
the
Ceremony
endeth
.
They
haue
no
Grapes
in
Cochin-China
,
therefore
in
stead
of
wine
they
vse
a
kind
of
drinke
made
of
Rice
distilled
in
a
Limbicke
,
which
hath
the
taste
of
Aqua-vitae
,
and
resembleth
it
in
colour
,
being
also
of
like
Acrimony
,
Subtillity
and
Viuacity
.
They
haue
such
abundance
thereof
,
that
euery
one
drinketh
commonly
as
much
as
he
list
;
and
are
no
lesse
drunken
therewith
,
then
others
are
with
wine
in
these
parts
.
Yet
those
of
the
better
sort
,
vse
to
allay
it
with
another
drinke
made
of
Calamba
distilled
,
which
giueth
it
a
pleasant
sauour
and
acceptable
odour
,
being
an
excellent
composition
.
They
vse
also
to
drinke
a
dayes
,
of
a
certaine
warme
water
,
in
which
the
root
of
an
hearbe
which
they
call
Chia
hath
sod
,
of
which
this
drinke
taketh
the
name
,
being
very
cordiall
,
and
not
a
little
helpfull
to
disperse
the
noysome
humours
of
the
stomach
,
and
to
facilitate
the
digestion
.
The
like
is
vsed
in
Iapan
and
China
also
;
sauing
that
in
China
,
in
lieu
of
the
root
,
they
seeth
onely
the
leaues
of
the
tree
,
and
in
Iapan
they
take
them
in
powder
,
but
the
effects
are
the
same
;
and
they
all
call
it
Chia
.
Concerning
their
Phisicians
,
and
manner
of
curing
their
diseases
,
I
can
say
there
are
many
,
as
well
Portugals
as
natiues
of
the
Countrey
;
and
it
is
often
seene
,
that
many
vnknowne
maladies
,
for
which
the
Phisicians
of
Europe
know
no
remedies
,
haue
beene
discouered
and
cured
easily
by
those
of
that
Countrey
.
And
it
hapneth
sometimes
,
that
the
Portugal
Phisicians
giue
ouer
a
diseased
person
,
supposing
him
in
a
desperate
estate
,
who
is
afterward
easily
cured
by
a
Phisician
of
that
Countrey
,
if
they
send
for
him
.
The
Methode
vsed
by
them
is
this
,
that
assoone
as
they
enter
into
the
sicke
persons
chamber
,
they
sit
downe
a
whiles
neere
vnto
his
bed
,
to
settle
the
stirring
of
their
spirit
,
which
they
haue
contracted
in
their
comming
;
then
they
feele
the
parties
pulse
with
much
attention
and
circumspection
,
saying
afterward
vnto
him
,
you
haue
such
a
Sicknesse
;
and
if
it
be
vncurable
they
say
vnto
him
sincerely
,
I
haue
no
Medicine
for
this
Maladie
:
which
is
a
shrewd
signe
that
the
sicke
person
will
not
escape
.
But
if
they
iudge
the
Maladie
to
be
such
as
may
be
healed
by
their
Remedies
,
they
will
say
,
I
haue
that
which
will
heale
you
,
and
by
such
a
time
I
will
set
you
on
your
feet
.
Then
they
agree
vpon
the
Salary
that
the
Phisician
shall
haue
,
in
case
he
cure
the
disease
;
which
they
measure
and
proportion
according
to
the
quality
of
the
disease
,
and
so
make
the
contract
.
The
Phisician
afterward
composeth
his
Medicine
himselfe
,
without
any
Apothecary
,
for
they
haue
none
there
for
feare
of
disclosing
the
secret
of
their
Medicines
,
which
they
conceale
as
much
as
they
also
can
;
partly
because
they
dare
not
trust
any
other
with
the
Ingredients
they
prescribe
.
If
the
sicke
person
recouer
his
health
by
the
time
prefixed
,
he
is
to
giue
the
price
agreed
on
:
If
he
faile
of
his
cure
,
the
Phisitian
looseth
both
his
labour
,
and
his
charge
.
The
Medicines
which
they
vse
to
giue
,
are
not
like
vnto
ours
,
which
are
distastfull
,
mollifiing
and
loosening
the
belly
;
but
are
as
pleasing
as
their
Pottage
,
and
nourishing
withall
,
so
that
they
neede
no
other
aliment
:
Whence
it
commeth
that
they
giue
of
it
oftentimes
a
day
,
as
we
would
giue
broth
to
the
diseased
from
time
to
time
.
And
their
Medicines
doe
not
alter
Nature
,
but
assist
it
in
her
ordinary
functions
,
drying
vp
the
peccant
humours
,
without
any
trouble
to
the
sicke
person
at
all
.
Heere
is
offered
me
a
thing
worth
the
relation
:
A
Portugal
falling
sicke
there
,
called
vnto
him
the
Phisicians
of
Europe
,
who
after
they
had
visited
him
a
while
,
gaue
him
ouer
for
a
dead
man
,
and
came
no
more
at
him
.
A
Phisician
of
that
Countrey
being
sent
for
,
vndertaketh
to
cure
him
within
a
certaine
time
,
charging
him
straitely
,
that
whiles
he
had
him
in
cure
,
he
should
not
meddle
with
Women
:
Otherwise
there
was
no
hope
.
The
sicke
man
taketh
the
Medicines
appointed
,
and
within
few
dayes
he
finddeth
himselfe
so
well
recouered
,
that
hee
tooke
no
great
care
of
performing
what
the
Phisician
had
enioyned
.
Thereupon
the
Phisician
comming
to
visite
his
Patient
,
and
perceiuing
his
Incontinencie
by
the
change
of
his
pulse
,
aduiseth
him
to
dispose
himselfe
to
death
,
because
hee
was
past
all
hope
,
for
he
knew
no
remedie
now
to
saue
his
life
:
And
that
neuerthelesse
hee
was
to
pay
him
the
Money
agreed
on
between
them
;
because
if
he
died
,
it
was
his
owne
fault
.
Sentence
was
giuen
for
the
Phisitian
,
the
Patient
Died.
They
haue
also
the
vse
of
Blood-letting
by
Phlebotomie
;
yet
are
they
more
sparing
thereof
,
then
with
vs
in
Europe
;
neither
doe
they
vse
Lancets
,
but
haue
many
Goose-quills
,
into
which
they
fasten
diuers
little
pieces
of
Porcelane
that
are
very
sharpe
,
fashioned
and
placed
like
the
teeth
of
a
Saw
,
some
greater
,
and
some
lesse
.
And
when
they
are
to
open
a
Veine
,
they
apply
one
of
these
quills
thereunto
,
and
giuing
a
little
stroake
thereon
with
their
finger
,
they
open
the
Veine
with
the
Porcelane
,
which
entereth
no
further
then
is
requisite
.
But
that
which
is
yet
more
strange
,
is
,
that
when
they
haue
drawen
Blood
sufficiently
,
they
vse
no
band
,
nor
Ligature
about
it
:
but
onely
wetting
their
thumbe
with
a
little
spittle
,
they
presse
it
on
the
wound
,
and
make
the
skin
returne
to
his
place
,
the
Blood
suddenly
stanching
,
and
the
ouerture
closing
together
:
Which
I
attribute
to
their
opening
of
it
with
the
Porcelane
,
which
maketh
the
Veine
to
close
vp
,
and
to
heale
so
easily
.
They
are
not
without
Chirurgions
,
that
haue
wonderfull
secrets
;
I
bring
no
other
proofe
,
but
what
they
haue
practised
on
my selfe
,
and
one
of
our
Brethren
my
Companion
.
Hauing
fallen
from
a
very
high
place
,
I
fell
on
my
stomach
,
against
the
edge
of
Stone
,
in
such
sort
,
that
I
began
to
spit
blood
,
and
my
Brest
was
sorely
bruised
and
hurt
,
some
of
our
Europian
remedies
were
vsed
,
but
I
found
no
helpe
nor
ease
,
vntill
a
Chirurgion
of
that
Countrey
,
taking
a
quantity
of
a
certaine
Hearbe
,
like
vnto
the
Hearbe
Mercurie
,
and
making
a
Plaister
thereof
,
applyed
it
to
my
Stomach
;
then
boyled
some
of
the
same
hearbe
with
water
,
for
me
to
drinke
,
and
made
me
eate
of
the
same
raw
,
as
it
was
:
And
in
few
dayes
,
I
was
perfectly
healed
.
To
make
tryall
thereof
againe
,
I
caused
the
legge
of
a
Hen
to
be
broken
in
many
places
,
and
a
Plaister
of
this
Hearbe
to
bee
applyed
thereunto
,
and
within
few
dayes
,
the
Hens
leg
was
made
whole
and
entire
againe
.
A
Scorpion
had
bit
one
of
our
Brethren
on
the
Necke
,
(
who
was
my
Companion
)
such
biting
being
held
to
bee
deadly
in
this
Kingdome
,
for
his
throat
began
to
swell
in
such
sort
,
that
wee
were
about
to
haue
administred
vnto
him
the
extreame
Vnction
,
but
a
Chirurgion
causing
presently
a
pot
of
Rice
to
bee
boiled
with
faire
water
,
and
setting
the
same
at
his
feete
,
hee
compassed
him
about
with
clothes
,
that
the
hot
vapour
and
fume
thereof
might
not
be
dispersed
:
whereof
it
followed
,
that
assoone
as
the
fume
had
gotten
vp
to
the
wounded
place
,
hee
found
his
griefe
asswaged
,
the
swelling
of
his
throat
vanished
,
and
himselfe
in
as
good
plight
as
before
.
Many
more
such
like
might
be
added
;
but
I
will
onely
affirme
,
that
their
Medicines
are
of
much
more
force
in
those
parts
,
then
they
are
with
vs
.
And
I
can
say
this
in
particular
,
that
I
brought
with
me
therehence
a
little
barrell
of
Rubarb
,
being
esteemed
to
be
of
the
best
;
but
when
I
came
into
Europe
,
after
two
yeeres
voyage
,
I
found
my
Rubarb
so
altered
,
that
I
could
not
know
it
for
the
same
.
So
much
doe
the
Simples
lose
of
their
vertue
,
by
being
transported
out
of
those
Count
〈…〉
s
into
ours
.
CHAP.
VI.
Of
the
Ciuill
and
Politicke
Gouernement
of
Cochin-China
.
THeir
Gouernement
in
Generall
,
hath
some
affinity
with
that
which
is
vsed
in
Iapan
and
in
China
.
But
as
the
Iaponians
account
of
Armes
,
much
more
then
of
Sciences
,
and
the
Chinois
on
the
contrary
esteemeth
highly
of
the
Siences
,
and
maketh
no
great
reckoning
of
Armes
:
The
Cochin-Chinois
not
following
the
course
of
either
of
these
nations
,
doe
not
reiect
or
abandon
the
one
,
as
if
they
were
wholly
addicted
to
the
other
;
but
are
indifferently
affected
to
either
,
according
to
their
occasions
.
And
accordingly
doe
recompence
and
preferre
,
sometimes
the
Doctors
,
and
sometimes
the
Souldiers
,
to
the
offices
and
dignities
of
their
Kingdome
.
Cochin-China
hath
many
Vniuersities
,
in
which
there
bee
Readers
and
Schooles
and
Degrees
;
to
which
their
Schollers
are
aduanced
by
examination
,
as
they
are
in
China
;
teaching
the
same
Sciences
,
vsing
the
same
Bookes
and
Authors
;
namely
,
Zinfa
or
Confus
,
as
the
Portugals
call
him
;
being
an
Author
of
as
sublime
and
profound
Learning
and
Authority
with
them
,
as
Aristotle
amongst
vs
,
and
indeed
more
ancient
.
These
bookes
are
full
of
Erudition
,
of
rare
Histories
,
of
graue
Sentences
,
of
Prouerbes
and
such
like
,
all
concerning
good
manners
;
such
as
Seneca
,
Cato
,
or
Cicero
here
with
vs
.
Many
yeeres
labour
is
spent
in
learning
the
propriety
of
the
Phrase
,
Characters
and
Hieroglyphikes
in
which
they
are
written
.
But
that
part
which
they
account
most
of
,
and
haue
in
greatest
estimation
,
is
Morall
Philosophy
;
comprehending
the
Ethik
,
Oeconomik
and
Politick
.
And
it
is
a
goodly
sight
to
see
and
vnderstand
them
in
their
Halls
,
when
they
reade
and
pronounce
their
Lectures
aloud
as
if
they
sang
:
which
they
doe
,
to
accustome
themselues
,
and
to
get
a
habite
,
to
giue
to
euery
word
his
proper
accent
;
of
which
they
haue
a
great
number
that
signifie
many
seuerall
different
things
:
whereby
may
be
gathered
,
that
to
conuerse
with
them
,
it
is
requisite
to
know
the
principles
of
Musicke
and
the
Counter-point
.
The
Language
which
they
vse
in
common
speech
,
is
much
differing
from
that
in
which
they
teach
and
reade
in
their
Studies
,
and
in
which
their
Bookes
are
written
.
Euen
as
amongst
vs
our
vulgar
Languages
,
common
to
all
,
differ
much
from
the
Latine
which
is
vsed
in
the
Schooles
.
Wherein
also
there
is
a
difference
betweene
them
and
the
Chinois
,
who
if
they
be
Learned
or
Noble
,
neuer
speake
but
in
one
kind
of
Language
,
which
they
call
that
of
the
Mandarins
,
who
are
their
Doctors
,
Iudges
and
Gouernours
.
And
the
Characters
which
they
vse
in
their
writing
and
in
their
printed
books
,
are
aboue
fourescore
thousand
,
diffring
one
from
the
other
.
Whence
it
commeth
to
passe
,
that
the
Fathers
of
the
society
of
Iesus
,
are
eight
or
ten
yeeres
studying
of
these
bookes
,
before
they
become
able
to
treat
,
or
capable
to
conuerse
with
them
.
But
the
Cochin-Chinois
haue
reduced
this
great
multitude
of
Characters
,
to
the
number
of
three
thousand
at
the
most
,
which
they
vse
in
their
ordinary
Discourse
,
in
their
Letters
,
in
their
Supplications
,
Memorialls
and
other
such
things
as
haue
not
respect
to
their
printed
bookes
:
which
must
of
necessity
be
composed
in
the
Characters
of
China
.
The
Iaponians
haue
yet
beene
more
ingenious
,
who
albeit
they
endeauour
in
whatsoeuer
concerning
their
written
and
printed
bookes
,
to
conforme
themselues
to
the
Chinois
;
haue
notwithstanding
handled
the
matter
so
well
,
that
for
dispatch
of
their
ordinary
affaires
,
they
haue
inuented
eight
and
fourty
Letters
,
by
the
combination
of
which
,
they
expresse
and
declare
what
they
will
,
euen
as
well
as
wee
doe
with
our
A.
B.
C.
Yet
are
the
Characters
of
China
,
still
in
such
request
,
and
so
great
estimation
in
Iapan
,
that
those
forty
and
eight
Letters
,
howsoeuer
they
be
more
commodious
to
expresse
their
Conceits
,
are
little
regarded
in
comparison
,
but
by
way
of
contempt
,
are
accounted
and
called
the
Womens
Letters
.
That
most
Ingenious
and
Exellent
Inuention
of
Printing
,
was
practised
in
China
,
and
Cochin-China
,
before
wee
had
the
knowledge
thereof
in
Europe
;
yet
not
in
such
perfection
:
In
regard
that
they
doe
not
ioyne
Letters
with
Letters
,
or
Characters
with
Characters
;
but
with
a
Punchion
,
or
Grauing-iron
,
they
graue
,
and
cut
their
Formes
on
a
board
,
or
plancke
,
euen
as
they
intend
to
Print
them
in
their
Bookes
:
Then
they
apply
their
Paper
vpon
the
board
that
is
so
graued
and
cut
,
putting
it
vnder
the
Presse
,
in
like
manner
as
wee
doe
in
Europe
,
when
we
Print
on
a
copper
Plate
,
or
other
such
thing
.
Besides
those
Bookes
which
treate
of
Morall
Philosophie
,
they
haue
also
of
Sacred
matters
,
as
they
call
them
,
concerning
the
Creation
,
and
beginning
of
the
World
,
of
reasonable
Soules
,
of
the
Demons
,
of
Idols
,
and
of
their
different
Sects
;
these
Bookes
they
call
Sayc
Kim
,
to
distinguish
them
from
the
profane
,
which
they
terme
Sayc
Chiu
.
Now
albeit
the
Language
of
the
Cochin-Chinois
be
therin
like
to
that
of
the
Chinois
,
that
they
vse
only
words
of
one
Syllable
,
pronounced
with
diuersity
of
tones
and
accents
;
yet
they
differ
much
in
this
,
that
the
Cochin-Chinois
are
more
fruitfull
and
abounding
in
Vowells
,
and
therefore
more
sweet
and
pleasing
:
richer
in
accents
and
in
tones
,
and
so
more
melodious
and
harmonious
:
in
such
sort
that
they
haue
their
eare
made
for
Musicke
,
proper
and
apt
to
distinguish
the
variety
of
tones
and
accents
.
The
language
of
Cochin-China
is
to
my
seeming
the
most
easie
of
all
;
because
it
hath
neither
coniugations
Verbes
,
nor
Declining
of
Nounes
:
but
with
one
only
word
,
adding
therunto
an
aduerbe
or
a
pronoune
,
maketh
knowne
the
time
passed
,
the
time
present
,
and
to
come
;
the
singular
number
and
the
plurall
,
and
supplieth
all
the
Moodes
,
Tenses
and
persons
,
as
also
the
diuersity
of
Numbers
and
of
Cases
.
As
for
example
,
this
word
Haue
(
which
in
the
Cochin-Chinois
tongue
is
expressed
by
Co
)
without
other
variation
but
adding
a
Pronoune
,
will
serue
all
occasions
:
and
so
that
whereas
we
should
say
by
Coniugation
,
I
haue
,
thou
hast
,
he
hath
;
they
contenting
themselues
with
the
Pronoune
,
without
varying
the
Verbe
,
would
say
,
I
haue
,
you
haue
,
he
haue
:
In
like
manner
to
supply
the
diuersity
of
the
Tenses
,
they
will
say
in
the
Present
,
I
now
haue
;
for
the
passed
,
I
heretofore
haue
;
and
for
the
future
,
I
hereafter
,
or
in
time
to
come
haue
;
and
so
from
one
to
the
other
,
without
euer
changing
their
Co
;
whence
it
easily
appeareth
,
how
easie
this
tongue
is
to
be
learned
,
as
indeede
,
in
six
Moneths
whiles
I
was
there
;
I
learned
as
much
as
was
sufficient
to
treate
with
them
,
and
to
vnderstand
their
Confessions
;
though
I
had
not
the
perfect
knowledge
thereof
;
for
to
say
the
truth
,
foure
whole
yeeres
were
no
more
then
requisite
to
make
one
exact
,
and
excellent
therein
.
But
to
returne
to
the
course
of
my
History
:
I
said
the
custome
of
the
Cochin-Chinois
was
not
onely
to
regard
men
of
Learning
,
recompencing
their
great
knowledge
,
by
aduancing
them
to
high
and
honourable
degrees
of
dignity
,
and
assigning
to
them
good
rents
and
reuennues
;
but
that
they
had
also
in
great
estimation
,
those
that
were
Couragious
,
Valorous
and
excellent
in
Armes
.
Yet
doe
they
gouerne
themselues
therein
,
after
another
manner
then
is
accustomed
amongst
vs
.
For
in
stead
of
giuing
to
their
great
and
generous
Captaines
,
as
they
doe
in
these
parts
,
some
Lordship
,
Earledome
or
Marquisate
,
in
acknowledgment
of
their
deserts
;
they
reward
them
by
subiecting
so
many
persons
vnto
them
,
as
a
certaine
number
of
the
Kings
subiects
and
vassalls
,
who
in
what
part
of
the
Kingdome
soeuer
they
be
,
are
bound
to
acknowledge
him
for
their
Lord
,
to
whom
the
King
hath
giuen
them
,
to
serue
him
with
their
Armes
when
he
shall
be
occasioned
to
vse
them
;
as
also
to
pay
him
all
such
duties
as
they
payed
before
to
the
King
:
And
so
as
we
say
such
a
one
is
Lord
of
such
a
place
,
Earledome
or
Marquisate
;
they
say
,
such
a
one
hath
the
command
of
fiue
hundred
men
,
this
other
of
a
thousand
;
the
King
hath
increased
this
mans
command
to
a
thousand
more
,
and
of
the
other
to
two
thousand
:
so
augmenting
their
greatnesse
,
their
dignities
,
riches
and
commodities
,
by
giuing
of
them
more
vassalls
.
Of
their
Warres
,
wee
shall
speake
in
the
next
Chapter
.
There
remaineth
yet
somewhat
to
be
said
concerning
their
Ciuill
Gouernement
.
First
they
dispatch
all
their
affaires
more
readily
,
rather
according
to
the
Martiall
Law
More
belli
,
then
by
pleadings
at
the
Barre
with
Iudges
,
Notaries
and
Procttors
with
their
dilatory
proceedings
.
The
Vice-Royes
and
Gouernours
of
Prouinces
,
supplying
all
those
offices
,
and
giuing
publike
audience
foure
houres
euery
day
in
a
faire
large
Court
within
their
Pallace
;
two
houres
in
the
forenoone
,
and
two
houres
in
the
afternoone
.
Thither
goe
all
that
haue
controuersie
,
to
represent
their
pretensions
and
their
plaints
;
and
the
Vice-Roy
or
Gouernour
leaning
on
a
window
,
vnderstandeth
the
grieuances
of
each
one
after
the
other
.
And
because
the
Gouernours
are
ordinarily
men
of
good
iudgement
and
experience
in
affaires
,
questioning
the
parties
to
good
purpose
,
and
obseruing
also
the
apprehension
of
the
assistants
,
which
they
coniecture
by
their
countenance
,
and
the
approbation
which
they
haue
of
the
demandant
or
defendant
,
they
discouer
easily
the
trueth
of
the
businesse
forthwith
,
and
pronounce
their
sentence
aloud
without
delay
,
which
is
presently
executed
,
without
appeale
or
any
other
formality
;
whether
it
bee
death
or
banishment
,
or
whipping
,
or
pecuniary
amends
;
chastising
euery
offence
as
the
Law
requireth
.
The
crimes
whereof
they
are
most
commonly
accused
,
which
are
seuerely
chastised
among
them
,
are
many
:
But
aboue
all
,
they
punish
rigorously
the
false
accusers
,
Theeues
,
and
Adulterers
.
When
the
first
are
conuicted
to
haue
charged
any
falsly
with
a
crime
,
whereof
he
was
not
guilty
,
hee
is
condemned
,
without
mercy
,
to
endure
the
same
punishment
which
the
other
should
haue
suffered
,
if
he
had
committed
that
whereof
he
was
accused
.
And
indeed
experience
hath
made
it
appeare
,
to
be
the
best
course
of
sifting
out
the
trueth
.
Their
theeues
are
punished
according
to
the
proportion
of
the
theft
:
If
they
haue
stollen
any
thing
of
great
value
,
they
cut
of
their
heads
:
If
of
lesse
consequence
,
as
a
Hen
,
they
lose
only
a
finger
;
and
for
the
second
offence
they
cut
off
another
:
If
they
be
taken
with
a
third
,
they
must
loose
an
eare
;
and
for
the
fourth
offence
they
cut
off
the
necke
.
The
adulterers
,
be
they
men
or
women
,
are
exposed
to
the
Elephants
,
who
kill
them
in
the
manner
ensuing
.
The
offender
is
conducted
out
of
the
Towne
into
a
Plaine
,
where
in
the
presence
of
an
infinite
number
of
people
,
he
is
brought
into
the
midst
of
the
place
,
with
his
hands
and
feet
tied
neere
vnto
the
Elephant
,
vnto
whom
the
sentence
of
the
party
that
is
to
be
put
to
death
is
read
,
that
he
may
execute
it
from
point
to
point
.
The
order
being
this
:
That
first
he
shall
seize
on
him
,
take
him
and
straine
him
with
his
trunke
,
and
hold
him
so
suspended
in
the
aire
,
shewing
him
to
all
the
world
;
then
that
he
cast
him
vp
with
violence
,
and
receiue
him
againe
on
the
point
of
his
teeth
,
that
by
the
heauy
fall
of
his
weight
he
may
gage
himselfe
thereon
,
and
that
then
he
dash
him
against
the
ground
,
and
that
in
the
end
hee
tread
him
vnder
his
feet
.
All
which
the
Elephant
doth
,
without
failing
in
any
one
point
,
to
the
great
astonishment
and
terrour
of
all
that
are
present
,
who
by
the
punishment
which
they
see
inflicted
on
another
,
doe
learne
,
that
fidelity
is
to
be
kept
betweene
those
that
are
married
.
It
will
not
be
amisse
,
being
now
discoursing
of
married
folkes
,
to
relate
some
particularities
concerning
the
marriages
of
that
Countrey
.
It
hath
not
beene
seene
that
the
Cochin-Chinois
,
though
they
be
Gentiles
,
haue
contracted
marriages
within
the
degrees
forbidden
by
Gods
Law
,
or
the
Law
of
Nature
;
neither
within
the
first
degree
of
the
collaterall
Line
of
Brothers
and
sisters
.
But
in
the
other
degrees
marriage
is
permitted
,
so
that
he
haue
but
one
wife
.
It
is
true
,
that
the
richer
sort
vnder
the
title
of
their
greatnesse
and
liberality
,
are
accustomed
to
haue
many
Concubines
;
taxing
them
with
auarice
and
miserablenesse
,
that
doe
not
keepe
as
many
as
their
reuenues
will
maintaine
.
These
are
called
their
second
,
third
and
fourth
wiues
,
which
they
tooke
after
the
first
which
is
accounted
,
and
is
truly
and
really
their
wife
,
and
to
her
it
appertaineth
to
choose
the
rest
according
to
her
liking
,
and
to
giue
them
to
her
husband
.
Yet
their
marriages
are
not
indissoluble
,
their
Lawes
permitting
a
diuorce
,
though
not
altogether
at
the
will
of
either
party
:
for
they
must
first
prooue
the
suggestion
for
which
they
would
leaue
one
the
other
;
which
being
auerred
it
is
lawfull
for
them
to
withdraw
themselues
from
the
first
,
and
to
marry
againe
.
The
husbands
bring
the
Dowries
,
and
relinquish
their
owne
houses
to
dwell
with
their
wiues
,
by
whose
meanes
they
are
maintained
,
and
by
whom
all
the
houshold
affaires
are
managed
:
for
there
they
beare
the
charge
and
gouernement
of
the
Family
,
whiles
the
husband
keepeth
himselfe
within
doores
,
not
putting
himselfe
to
any
paine
,
contenting
himselfe
to
be
prouided
of
what
is
needfull
for
his
food
and
raiment
.
CHAP.
VII
.
Of
the
Forces
of
the
King
of
Cochin-China
,
and
of
the
Warres
he
hath
within
his
Kingdome
.
IT
hath
beene
touched
already
,
in
the
beginning
of
this
History
,
how
that
Cochin-China
being
a
Prouince
,
dismembered
from
the
great
Kingdome
of
Tunchim
,
was
vsurped
vniustly
by
the
Grandfather
of
the
King
that
now
reigneth
,
who
hauing
the
Gouernment
,
rebelled
against
the
King
of
Tunchim
:
Whereunto
he
was
not
a
little
emboldened
,
when
hee
saw
himselfe
suddenly
furnished
with
diuers
Pieces
of
Artillery
,
recouered
and
gotten
out
of
the
Ship-wracke
of
sundry
Ships
of
the
Portugals
,
and
Hollanders
against
the
Rockes
,
which
men
afterwards
gathered
vp
by
those
of
the
Countrey
.
Whereof
there
are
to
be
seene
at
this
day
,
threescore
of
the
greatest
in
the
Kings
pallace
alone
yet
remaining
.
The
Cochin-Chinois
being
now
become
so
expert
in
the
managing
of
them
,
that
they
surpasse
our
Europeans
:
For
indeed
they
did
little
else
euery
day
,
but
exercise
themselues
in
Shooting
at
a
Marke
:
Whereupon
they
became
so
fierce
,
and
so
glorious
,
and
to
haue
so
great
an
opinion
of
their
owne
valour
,
that
as
soone
as
they
perceiued
any
of
our
Ships
of
Europe
to
come
towards
their
Ports
,
the
Kings
Cannoniers
presently
presented
them
with
defiance
:
But
ours
vnderstanding
now
that
they
were
not
comparable
vnto
them
,
auoyded
the
Tryall
as
much
as
they
could
,
knowing
well
by
experience
,
they
were
growne
more
certaine
to
hit
where
they
would
with
their
Artillary
,
then
others
are
with
the
Harquebusse
;
which
also
they
are
ready
and
well
practised
in
,
going
out
daily
by
troopes
into
the
Field
,
to
exercise
it
.
Moreouer
,
that
which
further
encouraged
him
much
to
that
resolution
of
reuoulting
,
and
banding
himselfe
against
his
Prince
,
was
the
sight
of
a
hundred
Gallies
,
and
more
of
his
owne
;
by
which
meanes
,
being
become
to
be
powerfull
at
Sea
,
as
well
as
he
was
by
his
Artillary
at
Land
,
it
was
easie
for
him
to
accomplish
his
designe
against
the
King
of
Tunchim
his
Lord
.
Seeing
also
that
his
continuall
commerce
with
Iapan
had
brought
into
his
Countrey
,
great
store
of
Swords
and
Cemiters
of
that
Countrey
,
which
are
of
an
excellent
temper
.
Hee
was
also
prouided
with
a
great
number
of
Horses
,
which
though
they
be
but
little
,
are
very
seruiceable
and
generous
,
on
which
they
fight
with
darts
,
and
exercise
themselues
daily
therein
.
The
power
of
this
King
is
such
,
that
hee
is
able
to
bring
threescore
thousand
men
into
the
field
.
Which
notwithstanding
,
hee
is
not
without
feare
of
the
King
of
Tunchim
,
whose
forces
are
foure
times
more
:
Therefore
to
keepe
him
in
good
termes
,
and
to
maintaine
good
Intelligence
with
him
,
he
payeth
him
a
Tribute
of
all
his
Kingdome
doth
yeeld
,
that
may
be
acceptable
to
him
;
particularly
of
Gold
,
and
Siluer
,
of
Rice
,
and
further
furnishing
him
with
Boardes
,
and
other
wood
,
wherewith
to
build
his
Galleries
.
Now
the
only
occasion
that
made
him
resolue
to
make
League
with
the
Son
of
the
late
King
,
who
at
this
day
hath
the
Gonernment
of
the
last
Prouince
of
Tunchim
,
bordering
vpon
China
,
was
that
hee
remaining
Vanquisher
,
and
making
himselfe
Master
of
all
Tunchim
,
Cochin-China
might
be
discharged
of
the
Tribute
.
To
vnderstand
the
same
the
better
,
it
must
bee
knowne
,
that
whiles
I
was
in
Cochin-China
,
it
was
not
the
Son
of
the
late
King
of
Tunchim
,
that
tooke
possession
of
the
Kingdome
,
but
his
Vnckle
,
out
of
whose
hands
the
Young
Prince
escaped
to
saue
his
life
,
into
the
last
Prouince
of
that
Kingdome
,
confining
vpon
China
;
where
being
acknowledged
to
bee
the
Sonne
of
the
King
disceased
,
the
people
chose
him
to
be
their
Prince
;
and
by
his
good
Gouernement
,
he
wan
their
hearts
,
in
such
sort
that
the
King
of
Tunchim
his
Vncle
entred
into
great
apprehension
,
lest
he
should
ioyne
in
League
with
the
King
of
Cochin-China
,
who
possessed
the
other
end
of
his
Countrey
,
and
inclosing
him
betweene
them
,
dispossesse
him
of
the
Kingdome
vsurped
:
For
preuenting
whereof
,
hee
sent
yeere
by
yeere
a
great
and
puissant
Army
against
this
Prince
,
to
defeate
him
:
But
all
in
vaine
,
for
the
Army
being
of
necessity
to
passe
fiue
or
sixe
dayes
Iourney
through
wayes
where
there
was
no
other
water
to
drinke
,
but
of
certaine
Riuers
which
descended
out
of
the
enemies
Countrey
;
they
found
those
waters
poysoned
by
the
Prince
his
people
;
with
a
certaine
Hearbe
;
in
such
sort
,
that
as
well
men
as
Horses
that
dranke
thereof
dyed
:
Whereby
the
Armie
was
enforced
to
retire
after
much
expence
,
and
great
paines
taken
to
little
purpose
.
Their
Millitary
discipline
,
and
manner
of
gouerning
themselues
in
the
Warres
,
is
much
like
that
of
Europe
.
They
obserue
the
same
order
in
making
their
S●uadrons
,
in
going
to
Skirmishes
,
in
Assaults
,
and
in
Retreatings
.
And
this
King
hath
Warre
ordinarily
in
two
places
of
his
Kingdome
.
For
first
it
standeth
him
vpon
,
to
stand
alwayes
on
his
guard
;
on
that
side
next
to
the
King
of
Tunchim
,
who
doth
menace
him
vncessantly
,
and
alwayes
maketh
some
onsets
on
his
Confines
.
Therefore
the
King
of
Cochin-China
keepeth
his
residence
in
Sinuua
,
being
the
furthest
and
last
prouince
of
his
Kingdome
,
that
he
may
be
euer
in
readinesse
,
with
his
Forces
on
the
frontiers
of
Tunchim
,
which
is
the
entry
to
a
very
puissant
Prouince
,
that
is
ordinarily
prouided
of
Gouernours
of
great
experience
and
knowledge
in
the
Warres
.
Secondly
he
is
kept
in
continuall
Alarmes
on
the
West-side
in
the
last
Prouince
of
his
Kingdome
called
Renram
,
by
the
king
of
Chiampa
,
whose
assaults
he
doth
easily
repell
,
in
regard
he
is
not
so
mighty
as
himselfe
,
and
needeth
no
other
forces
thereunto
but
those
of
the
same
Prouince
,
the
Gouernour
whereof
with
his
Souldiers
,
is
sufficient
to
defend
it
.
Moreouer
,
he
is
continually
leuying
and
raising
of
armies
to
succour
the
King
of
Cambogia
,
who
hath
married
a
naturall
daughter
of
his
;
furnishing
him
with
Gallies
and
with
men
against
the
King
of
Siam
.
In
such
sort
,
that
on
all
sides
,
as
well
by
sea
as
by
land
,
he
maketh
the
glorious
name
and
reputation
of
the
Armes
of
the
Cochin-Chinois
to
be
renowned
.
On
the
Sea
he
maketh
warre
with
his
Gallies
,
each
of
which
hath
sixe
pieces
of
Cannon
,
and
is
also
well
furnished
with
Musket-shot
.
And
it
will
not
be
found
strange
,
that
the
King
of
Cochin-China
hath
alwayes
more
then
an
hundred
Gallies
well
furnished
in
good
readinesse
,
if
one
know
in
what
manner
he
prouideth
for
it
:
For
the
Cochin-Chinois
vse
not
to
make
Galli-slaues
of
their
delinquents
or
others
;
but
when
they
are
to
put
themselues
to
fight
at
Sea
,
they
furnish
their
Gallies
with
as
many
men
as
are
requisite
in
this
manner
.
They
send
out
secretly
and
suddenly
many
Seriants
and
Commissioners
,
who
going
throughout
all
the
Kingdome
ere
men
are
aware
with
the
Kings
authority
,
doe
seise
and
presse
all
such
as
they
find
fit
to
handle
an
Oare
,
and
bestow
them
in
the
Gallies
,
vnlesse
by
reason
of
their
birth
and
extraction
,
or
for
some
other
consideration
,
they
be
exempted
and
priuilidged
.
And
that
course
must
not
be
thought
so
hard
and
difficult
,
as
at
first
it
may
seeme
,
because
,
they
are
as
well
intreated
in
the
Gallies
as
any
where
else
:
And
yet
better
payd
:
and
besides
,
their
Wiues
,
their
Children
,
and
all
their
Familie
,
is
maintained
at
the
Kings
charge
,
with
whatsoeuer
is
needfull
,
according
to
their
rancke
and
condition
,
during
all
the
time
that
their
Husbands
are
thus
absent
.
And
they
serue
not
onely
to
tug
at
the
Oare
,
but
also
to
fight
vpon
occasion
:
To
which
purpose
they
haue
euery
one
his
Harquebusse
and
Musket
giuen
him
,
with
Darts
,
Coutelasse
,
and
Cemeters
:
and
as
the
Cochin-Chinois
are
hardie
and
valiant
in
their
approaches
,
with
their
Oares
,
and
with
their
Muskets
and
Iauelins
,
they
are
no
lesse
in
the
encounter
and
close
medly
;
where
they
make
rare
proofes
of
their
valour
.
Their
Gallies
are
not
so
great
nor
so
large
as
ours
,
but
they
are
so
brauely
bedecked
with
Gold
and
Siluer
,
that
they
are
a
glorious
spectacle
to
behold
.
The
Fore-castle
,
namely
which
they
account
the
most
honourable
place
,
is
all
of
Gold
.
This
is
the
Captaines
place
,
and
the
chiefe
of
his
company
:
The
reason
they
giue
for
it
is
,
that
the
Captaine
being
to
be
the
formost
vpon
all
occasions
,
ought
therefore
to
be
in
the
most
hazardous
place
of
all
the
Gallie
.
Amongst
other
defensiue
Armes
,
they
vse
little
Bucklers
or
Targets
,
of
an
Ouall
forme
,
of
such
a
length
,
that
they
will
commonly
couer
the
whole
Man
,
being
so
light
also
,
that
they
are
nothing
cumbersome
.
In
their
Townes
in
this
Kingdome
,
their
Houses
being
built
but
of
boards
,
as
I
haue
said
,
and
supported
with
Pillars
of
Wood
,
they
haue
this
aduantage
▪
that
if
the
Enemie
come
with
such
Forces
,
as
they
find
themselues
vnable
to
resist
,
euery
one
taketh
his
houshold-stuffe
and
flieth
to
the
Mountaines
,
setting
their
Houses
on
fire
,
and
leauing
nothing
of
value
therein
.
In
such
sort
that
the
Enemy
finding
no
place
wherein
hee
may
sortifie
and
maintaine
himselfe
,
is
forced
to
retire
out
of
the
Countrey
,
and
they
returning
againe
,
doe
soone
build
themselues
other
Houses
as
good
,
and
restore
their
Townes
in
as
good
plight
as
they
were
before
.
CHAP.
VIII
.
Of
the
Commerce
,
Ports
and
Hauens
of
Cochin-China
.
THe
Realme
of
Cochin-China
being
so
abundant
in
all
sorts
of
Commodities
,
as
we
haue
said
,
for
the
life
of
man
;
the
people
are
the
lesse
addicted
to
trauell
abroad
,
and
to
traffique
elsewhere
:
They
doe
neuer
therefore
make
further
Voyages
by
Sea
,
then
within
the
view
of
the
Coasts
and
bankes
of
their
welbeloued
Countrey
.
Yet
are
they
neuerthelesse
willing
to
giue
all
Strangers
free
accesse
into
their
Ports
,
and
take
a
singular
pleasure
to
see
others
come
to
Trade
and
traffique
in
their
Countrey
,
not
onely
out
of
their
Neighbour
Prouinces
and
Kingdomes
,
but
also
from
remote
Countreyes
.
To
which
end
they
neede
not
vse
much
Art
,
seeing
that
Strangers
are
allured
thither
fast
enough
by
the
fruitfulnesse
of
the
Countrey
,
and
the
riches
ouerflowing
therein
.
And
therefore
not
onely
those
of
Tunchim
,
of
Cambogia
,
of
Cinceos
,
and
others
their
Neighbours
doe
traffique
there
,
but
euery
day
there
arriue
Merchants
of
Countreyes
further
distant
;
and
from
China
,
Macao
,
Iapan
,
Manilla
,
and
Malacca
,
which
bring
Siluer
into
Cochin-China
,
for
the
merchandize
of
the
Countrey
:
Which
are
not
bought
,
but
exchanged
with
the
same
Siluer
which
is
sold
there
as
Merchandize
,
the
price
thereof
being
raised
or
diminished
according
to
the
great
or
little
plenty
thereof
,
euen
like
Silke
and
other
Wares
.
The
Money
with
which
all
things
are
bought
,
is
of
Letton
,
of
the
like
Value
as
a
French
Double
,
or
a
Stiuer
of
the
Netherlands
.
This
Money
is
exactly
round
,
Printed
and
marked
with
the
Kings
Armes
,
euery
Peece
hauing
a
hole
in
the
midst
,
through
which
they
are
filed
by
thousands
,
euery
file
or
string
of
them
worth
about
two
crownes
.
The
Chinois
and
the
Iaponois
are
they
that
make
the
chiefe
negotiation
of
Cochin-China
,
in
a
Faire
which
is
yeerely
held
in
one
of
their
Ports
,
for
some
foure
moneths
together
:
the
one
bring
on
their
Ionks
,
the
value
of
foure
or
fiue
millions
in
siluer
;
and
the
other
vpon
certaine
vessells
which
they
call
Somes
,
an
infinite
quantity
of
fine
silke
,
with
other
of
their
countrey
merchandise
.
The
King
receiueth
a
great
reuenue
out
of
this
Faire
,
by
his
duties
and
imposts
,
and
the
Countrey
an
vnspeakeable
gaine
.
And
as
on
the
one
side
the
Cochin-Chinois
haue
no
wrought
Stuffes
nor
Manufactures
,
because
they
doe
not
apply
themselues
to
Manuary
trades
,
by
reason
of
that
idlenesse
into
which
their
plenty
hath
plunged
them
:
and
that
on
the
other
side
they
are
easily
inueigled
with
the
curiosities
comming
from
other
places
,
which
they
higly
esteeme
;
they
will
buy
them
at
what
price
soeuer
they
be
set
,
and
doe
not
spare
for
money
,
to
haue
such
things
which
of
themselues
are
of
little
worth
;
such
as
Combes
,
Needles
,
Bracelets
,
Beades
of
glasse
to
hang
in
their
eares
,
and
such
other
trifles
and
womanish
curiosities
.
And
I
remember
that
a
Portugal
hauing
brought
from
Macao
into
Cochin-China
a
boxe
full
of
Needles
,
which
could
not
cost
him
aboue
thirty
Ducats
,
got
aboue
a
thousand
;
selling
them
for
a
Riall
a
piece
in
Cochin-China
,
which
had
not
cost
him
aboue
pence
a
piece
in
Macao
.
In
conclusion
,
they
vie
one
with
the
other
in
buying
whatsoeuer
they
see
,
so
it
be
new
and
brought
from
farre
:
for
which
they
disburse
their
siluer
without
difficulty
.
They
are
very
desirous
of
our
Hatts
,
our
Caps
,
Girdles
,
Shirts
and
all
our
other
garments
,
because
they
differ
from
theirs
.
But
aboue
all
,
they
make
most
esteeme
of
Corall
.
Concerning
their
Ports
;
It
is
certainely
a
thing
worthy
admiration
,
that
within
the
space
of
little
more
then
an
hundred
leagues
,
there
are
reckoned
aboue
threescore
places
fit
and
apt
to
land
in
:
which
commeth
of
this
,
that
there
are
in
that
Coast
many
great
Armes
of
the
Sea
.
The
goodliest
Port
where
all
the
strangers
ariue
,
and
where
that
famous
Faire
is
kept
which
we
haue
mentioned
,
is
that
of
the
Prouince
Cacciam
.
Men
doe
enter
thereinto
by
two
mouthes
of
the
Sea
;
the
one
is
called
Puluciambello
,
and
the
other
Turon
.
These
mouthes
are
distant
three
or
foure
leagues
asunder
,
by
which
,
after
that
the
Sea
thus
diuided
in
two
Armes
,
hath
extended
it selfe
seuen
or
eight
Leagues
within
the
Land
,
as
two
Riuers
that
are
disioyned
;
It
reioyneth
in
the
end
,
and
casteth
it selfe
into
a
great
Riuer
,
where
the
Vessels
also
meete
,
that
come
in
on
either
side
.
The
King
of
Cochin-China
permitted
the
Iaponians
and
Chinois
to
make
choyce
of
a
commodious
place
to
build
them
a
Citie
in
,
for
the
more
Commoditie
of
the
Faire
,
whereof
wee
haue
spoken
.
This
Citie
is
called
Faiso
,
which
is
so
great
,
that
one
may
well
say
,
that
there
are
two
Townes
;
the
one
of
the
Chinois
,
and
the
other
of
the
Iaponois
:
Each
of
them
hauing
his
Quarter
apart
,
and
their
seuerall
Gouernours
,
and
liuing
after
their
owne
manner
:
That
is
the
Chinois
according
to
their
owne
particular
Lawes
,
and
Customes
of
China
,
and
the
Iaponians
according
to
theirs
.
And
because
as
wee
haue
said
the
King
of
Cochin-China
doth
refuse
no
Nation
to
enter
,
but
leaueth
it
free
for
all
sorts
of
Strangers
,
the
Hollanders
came
thither
also
as
well
as
the
rest
,
with
their
Ships
laden
with
diuers
kindes
of
Merchandise
:
Whereupon
the
Portugals
of
Macao
designed
to
send
an
Ambassadour
to
the
King
,
to
intreat
him
that
the
Hollanders
as
their
sworne
enemies
,
might
be
excluded
out
of
Cochin-China
:
Wherein
they
imployed
a
braue
Captaine
,
called
Ferdinand
de
Costa
,
who
effected
it
with
good
successe
,
yet
not
without
much
difficulty
;
preuailing
so
farre
,
that
the
King
by
his
Edict
or
Proclamation
,
forbad
the
Hollanders
to
approach
the
Countreyes
vnder
his
obedience
,
or
paine
of
their
liues
.
But
those
of
Macao
apprehending
afterwards
,
that
the
said
Edict
was
not
well
obserued
,
thought
good
to
send
a
new
Embassage
into
Cochin-China
,
to
obtaine
a
Confirmation
thereof
;
and
charged
their
Deputies
to
make
the
King
vnderstand
,
that
the
affaire
concerned
his
owne
Interest
,
and
that
if
hee
did
not
preuent
it
,
he
might
haue
cause
to
feare
that
the
Hollanders
in
time
(
being
so
crafty
and
cunning
as
they
are
)
would
assay
to
inuade
some
part
of
his
Kingdome
of
Cochin-China
,
as
they
had
already
some
other
places
of
the
Indies
.
But
certaine
Persons
of
good
vnderstanding
in
that
Countrey
,
aduised
them
not
to
speake
in
that
sort
to
the
King
;
because
that
would
be
the
very
way
to
make
the
Hollanders
haue
permission
to
come
to
Traffique
in
that
Countrey
,
and
to
inuite
all
Holland
thither
:
The
Maxime
of
the
Cochin-Chinois
being
,
not
to
acknowledge
euer
any
the
least
apprehension
of
any
Nation
in
the
World
.
Cleane
contrary
to
the
King
of
China
,
who
fearing
all
,
shutteth
the
Gate
against
Strangers
,
permitting
no
traffique
in
his
Kingdome
.
This
is
that
little
which
I
haue
thought
good
to
relate
concerning
the
Temporall
estate
of
Cochin-China
;
according
to
that
knowledge
I
could
get
during
the
space
of
some
yeeres
whiles
I
remained
there
:
the
Aire
being
so
benigne
,
that
they
neuer
haue
any
Pestilence
,
neither
doe
the
people
know
what
kind
of
thing
it
is
,
or
what
it
meaneth
.
FINIS
.