After
the
names
of
the
Clergie
were
called
,
the
Visitor
spake
in
this
manner
;
AND
now
(
my
brethren
of
the
Clergy
,
and
all
you
Gentlemen
of
the
Laity
)
I
intreat
your
attention
while
I
shall
expresse
my self
in
some
things
that
concern
my
Pastorall
charge
.
Some
things
I
have
to
say
that
concern
the
Clergie
onely
,
Some
things
that
concern
the
Church-wardens
,
And
somewhat
that
doth
concern
both
the
Clergie
and
the
Laity
.
As
for
you
of
the
Clergie
,
There
is
generally
a
great
fault
in
you
in
the
neglect
of
Catechizing
:
You
know
that
you
are
bound
to
it
by
the
Canons
of
the
Church
,
bound
by
an
act
in
my
first
Visitation
,
and
though
ye
regard
neither
of
these
,
as
I
know
many
of
you
do
not
,
yet
consider
I
beseech
you
that
ye
are
bound
to
it
in
conscience
;
for
Catechizing
is
the
easiest
and
most
profitable
way
of
instruction
.
The
Apostle
calls
it
the
doctrine
of
the
beginnings
of
Christ
,
discern
both
good
and
evill
.
But
you
cannot
abide
to
give
milk
,
What
?
Is
all
hearing
?
Is
the
whole
body
an
eare
?
As
for
the
Church-wardens
I
have
a
double
complaint
against
them
;
One
,
That
whereas
by
their
place
they
are
to
look
unto
the
fabrick
of
the
Church
,
the
greatest
part
of
your
Temples
are
kept
no
better
then
Hog-styes
.
I
know
that
it
is
one
of
the
mysteries
of
iniquity
in
their
Religion
,
that
God
is
most
purely
served
,
when
he
is
worshipped
slovenly
,
in
a
poor
and
homely
cottage
:
and
that
any
cost
is
too
much
to
be
bestowed
upon
Gods
service
.
They
are
much
like
unto
the
officers
of
Julian
the
Apostate
,
who
when
they
saw
the
stately
vessels
of
the
Temple
,
cryed
out
,
En
qualibus
vasis
ministratur
Mariae
filio
?
what
stately
plate
is
this
for
the
Carpenters
sonne
?
But
my
second
complaint
is
yet
greater
.
They
are
bound
by
their
Oath
to
present
all
known
disorders
within
their
Parish
,
especially
them
who
do
not
repair
unto
the
Church
to
hear
Divine
service
,
and
to
receive
the
Sacrament
according
to
the
orders
of
this
Church
;
Yet
they
present
none
at
all
:
And
indeed
the
Church-wardens
,
especially
in
the
Ards
and
Claneboyes
,
are
of
all
others
the
most
disorderly
men
,
the
very
ring-leaders
of
the
separation
,
and
it
is
for
that
cause
they
are
chosen
,
that
others
may
not
be
presented
.
So
that
it
seems
unto
me
that
too
many
of
them
in
Scotland
have
entred
in
a
mutuall
bond
to
defend
one
another
by
Arms
:
So
their
fellows
in
this
Diocesse
have
entred
in
a
mutuall
bond
to
defend
one
another
by
their
Oathes
.
But
,
here
I
tell
them
plainly
,
that
I
will
proceed
against
them
,
First
,
for
the
neglect
of
the
repair
of
their
Churches
,
Next
,
for
their
non-conformity
,
Thirdly
,
for
not
presenting
notorious
offenders
,
And
lastly
,
for
their
perjury
.
And
if
they
think
my
authority
too
weak
to
overtake
them
,
in
regard
of
the
great
Patronage
and
countenance
they
have
;
I
will
deliver
them
over
unto
a
Court
that
is
able
to
deal
with
them
.
My
last
complaint
will
hold
me
longer
.
It
strikes
both
against
the
Clergy
and
the
Laity
,
for
their
generall
non-conformity
,
and
disobedience
unto
the
Orders
of
this
Church
.
You
of
the
Clergy
have
all
Sworn
,
subscribed
and
promised
absolute
conformity
;
And
yet
when
you
come
amongst
your
people
,
you
slide
back
,
and
for
a
colour
of
obedience
,
read
some
part
of
the
Service
,
it
may
be
the
Lessons
,
and
a
few
Collects
,
as
if
it
were
left
unto
your
power
to
mince
the
Service
of
God
,
cutting
and
carving
upon
it
as
you
please
.
I
must
tell
you
that
those
who
will
not
be
tyed
,
neither
by
oaths
,
Subscriptions
,
nor
promises
;
There
is
nothing
will
tye
them
,
but
a
coercive
power
.
But
,
they
of
the
Laity
are
yet
worse
,
they
will
hear
no
prayer
at
all
.
While
divine
Service
is
reading
,
they
walke
in
the
Church-yard
,
and
when
prayer
is
ended
,
they
come
rushing
into
the
Church
,
as
it
were
into
a
Play-house
,
to
hear
a
Sermon
.
But
ere
it
be
long
,
I
hope
a
course
shall
be
taken
,
that
they
who
will
hear
no
prayers
shall
hear
no
Sermon
.
I
know
that
the
thing
which
doth
encourage
you
in
this
your
disobedience
,
is
the
present
Insurrection
in
Scotland
.
You
think
(
and
some
of
you
do
not
stick
for
to
speak
it
)
that
they
will
inforce
the
King
for
to
yeeld
unto
all
their
demands
,
and
amongst
the
rest
procure
unto
you
a
liberty
to
live
here
as
you
list
:
But
deceive
not
your selves
;
for
howsoever
in
Scotland
some
thinke
themselves
strong
enough
to
resist
their
Prince
,
yet
(
I
thanke
God
)
you
are
not
so
many
here
,
but
the
Kings
Laws
and
authority
is
well
able
to
overtake
you
.
And
be
assured
that
their
insolent
opposition
against
our
most
Pious
Prince
,
will
make
you
that
are
of
their
Faction
to
be
more
narrowly
look'd
unto
here
,
then
otherwise
you
would
have
been
:
for
now
,
that
our
neighbours
house
is
on
fire
,
it
is
high
time
to
look
to
our
own
.
And
surely
,
methinks
,
that
if
there
were
in
you
,
a
sparke
of
the
sear
of
God
,
and
of
true
loyaltie
unto
the
King
,
the
rebellious
proceedings
of
these
men
would
put
you
out
of
love
with
their
Religion
.
For
I
perswade
my self
,
that
when
you
were
first
leavned
with
their
doctrine
,
you
did
little
think
that
their
aim
was
Rebellion
;
But
did
conceive
(
as
sometimes
I
my self
did
)
,
that
they
did
all
out
of
conscience
,
and
were
men
free
from
violence
,
or
the
least
thought
of
disloyalty
;
But
now
behold
their
proceedings
,
and
judge
them
by
their
fruits
.
You
may
perceive
how
that
Sect
since
the
first
beginning
of
it
(
which
is
not
much
above
Fourscore
yeers
,
in
the
Raign
of
Q.
Mary
of
England
)
hath
proceeded
from
evill
to
worse
,
by
Six
degrees
.
At
first
they
did
only
manifest
a
dislike
of
Episcopall
government
,
and
some
Ceremonies
used
in
the
Church
of
England
,
as
liking
better
of
the
government
of
Geneva
,
which
was
devised
by
Master
Calvin
,
and
that
cunningly
enough
for
the
state
of
that
Republick
,
which
being
popular
,
could
not
brook
any
other
government
of
the
Church
,
but
that
which
is
popular
also
.
And
yet
I
must
tell
you
that
Master
Calvin
wanted
nothing
of
a
Bishop
,
but
only
the
title
.
For
the
Church
of
Geneva
is
not
a
Parochiall
,
but
Diocesan
Church
consisting
of
divers
parishes
which
make
up
one
great
Presbytrie
,
and
he
all
the
dayes
of
his
life
was
moderator
thereof
;
without
whose
consent
,
no
Act
neither
of
Ordination
nor
Jurisdiction
was
done
.
And
so
likewise
Mr.
Beza
for
ten
yeers
after
the
others
death
,
held
the
same
place
of
government
,
untill
Danaeus
set
him
beside
the
cushion
,
and
procured
the
Presidency
to
go
by
turns
.
In
the
next
place
from
dislike
they
proceeded
to
contempt
of
Episcopall
government
,
and
this
(
if
ye
will
beleeve
St.
Cyprian
)
hath
been
the
very
beginning
of
all
heresies
and
Schismes
,
Omne
Schisma
gignit
sibi
●aresin
,
Every
Schisme
doth
devise
unto
it self
a
heresie
,
some
false
doctrine
or
other
to
maintain
their
separation
:
And
these
men
have
devised
not
a
few
,
and
some
that
have
been
condemned
by
ancient
Councels
and
Fathers
,
as
namely
,
Epiphanius
reckons
among
the
condemned
heresies
of
Acrius
,
that
he
maintained
there
was
no
difference
between
a
Bishop
and
a
Presbyter
,
and
that
all
set
Fasts
are
unlawfull
,
Jewish
and
Superstitious
.
And
is
not
this
the
doctrine
of
these
men
?
But
,
lastly
their
disobedience
Schisme
and
heresie
have
now
drawne
them
into
open
Rebellion
,
and
I
wonder
whither
will
they
go
next
?
For
I
am
deceived
if
they
have
not
yet
a
further
journey
to
go
,
and
that
they
cannot
subsist
untill
they
arrive
at
pure
Anabaptisme
;
From
which
they
now
differ
but
a
little
.
And
surely
if
any
of
you
will
read
the
History
of
the
Anabaptists
,
you
will
finde
that
their
proceedings
were
a
great
deal
more
moderate
,
and
Christian
like
,
then
these
mens●re
.
This
is
the
just
judgement
of
God
,
that
they
who
run
out
of
the
Communion
of
the
Church
,
should
likewise
run
out
of
their
own
wits
.
I
beseech
you
therefore
to
consider
their
wayes
,
and
how
that
if
you
do
not
break
off
company
,
they
will
shortly
lead
you
into
Rebellion
.
For
mine
own
part
I
professe
that
the
first
thing
that
made
me
out
of
love
with
that
Religion
(
besides
their
grosse
hypocrisie
)
was
their
injurious
dealing
with
Kings
,
who
are
Gods
Vice-gerents
here
upon
Earth
,
which
I
observed
both
by
their
doctrine
and
by
their
practice
,
and
I
will
now
give
you
a
briefe
taste
of
both
.
As
for
their
Doctrine
,
you
know
they
take
from
the
King
all
authority
in
causes
Ecclesiasticall
,
and
will
not
allow
him
to
do
these
things
which
the
good
Kings
of
Judah
,
and
the
godly
Emperours
of
the
Primitive
Church
did
.
Yea
,
they
will
not
allow
them
to
present
or
nominate
a
Minister
to
a
Benefice
,
nor
to
give
a
Vote
in
a
Generall
Assembly
,
except
(
forsooth
)
the
King
be
a
Lay-elder
;
nor
yet
to
make
any
Law●s
concerning
matters
of
outward
Order
and
Politie
to
be
observed
in
the
Church
:
Nay
,
They
have
gone
further
,
allowing
Subjects
to
resist
their
Prince
by
force
of
Armes
,
and
in
some
cases
to
depose
him
,
yea
and
to
take
away
his
life
if
he
be
a
Tyrant
,
and
though
he
be
the
godliest
Prince
in
the
world
,
he
must
be
esteemed
a
Tyrant
,
if
it
please
the
Presbytery
to
declare
him
for
to
be
such
.
So
that
Kings
should
be
in
a
farre
worse
case
under
the
Presbytery
,
then
ever
they
were
under
the
Pope
;
For
in
stead
of
one
Pope
,
they
must
be
subject
unto
a
thousand
.
This
is
their
doctrine
.
Now
I
will
shew
you
their
Practice
,
And
first
how
they
dealt
with
that
blessed
King
James
,
while
he
was
in
Scotland
.
They
did
persecute
him
in
his
mothers
womb
,
and
when
he
came
unto
ripe
yeers
,
they
suffer'd
him
not
to
enjoy
one
quiet
day
,
by
their
Seditious
practices
:
Of
a
great
many
I
will
cull
out
a
few
of
their
attempts
which
are
most
notorious
;
First
,
when
as
the
Ring-leaders
of
that
Faction
had
concluded
the
state
of
Bishops
to
be
unlawfull
,
they
sent
their
Commissioners
unto
the
King
,
commanding
him
and
his
Councell
under
pain
of
Excommunication
,
to
put
them
downe
.
Againe
,
A
French
Ambassadour
being
in
Scotland
,
when
he
was
to
go
away
,
the
King
commanded
the
City
of
Edenburrough
according
to
the
ancient
custome
,
to
entertaine
him
with
a
banquet
.
This
charge
was
given
on
the
Saturday
,
and
the
banquet
to
be
on
the
Munday
,
and
upon
Sunday
morning
some
of
the
factious
ministers
hearing
of
it
,
to
crosse
his
Majefties
designes
,
proclaimed
a
publick
Fast
to
be
kept
on
that
day
,
and
because
that
the
Nobility
,
the
Kings
Servants
,
the
Provost
and
chiefe
Citizens
of
Edenburrough
,
did
by
the
Kings
direction
attend
the
Ambassadour
,
they
proceeded
against
them
almost
unto
the
sentence
of
Excommunication
.
Afterwards
when
his
Majesty
was
taken
prisoner
at
Reuthen
,
by
some
of
his
treacherous
Subjects
,
intendig
thereby
to
force
his
Majesty
to
their
owne
ends
:
His
Majesty
being
happily
delivered
,
did
with
the
consent
of
his
three
Estates
in
Parliament
,
declare
that
to
be
a
treasonable
fact
:
But
the
seditious
ministers
being
assembled
in
Synod
,
and
taking
themselves
to
be
the
Supreame
Judicatory
,
did
pronounce
that
Treasonable
fact
to
be
most
just
and
lawfull
,
threatning
with
all
the
sentence
of
Excommunication
against
all
who
did
not
subscribe
unto
their
judgement
therein
.
They
did
usually
inveigh
against
the
King
in
their
Sermons
,
and
rayle
at
him
io
his
face
,
for
to
bring
him
in
hatred
with
his
owne
Subjects
:
And
when
some
of
them
were
convented
before
the
Councell-boord
for
so
doing
,
they
declined
his
Majesties
authority
,
alleadging
that
he
was
no
Judge
over
them
in
Church-matters
.
They
used
ordinarily
to
proclaime
Fasts
without
the
Kings
privity
,
especially
when
some
factioners
were
about
to
attempt
some
great
enterprize
against
the
King
:
And
then
the
Ministers
were
taught
all
to
sing
one
song
,
crying
out
upon
the
abuses
of
the
Court
and
State
,
whereby
they
set
the
people
a
madding
.
All
this
you
may
read
more
at
large
in
the
Kings
declaration
printed
Anno
1585.
I
will
now
adde
some
other
of
their
practises
that
come
within
the
compasse
of
my
own
remembrance
.
When
the
Earle
of
Bothwell
was
in
the
act
of
Rebellion
against
the
King
,
and
had
divers
times
attempted
to
take
away
his
Majesties
life
,
there
were
great
gatherings
in
Scotland
for
the
relief
of
Geneva
,
then
straitly
besieged
by
the
Duke
of
Savoy
;
The
Ministers
who
were
the
Collectors
,
gave
a
great
part
of
it
to
maintain
the
Earle
in
his
rebellion
against
the
King
.
Afterwards
when
the
Gawries
conspired
against
his
Majesty
,
and
he
miraculously
rescued
by
the
valour
of
his
Servants
;
his
Majesty
desired
that
there
might
be
a
publick
thanksgiving
in
all
Churches
within
the
Realme
for
his
deliverance
;
But
divers
of
the
ministers
,
the
ringleaders
of
that
faction
did
refuse
,
and
did
plainly
insinuate
that
they
did
neither
beleeve
the
King
,
nor
his
Nobles
,
nor
his
Servants
who
were
witnesses
;
that
ever
there
was
such
a
conspiracy
;
But
that
it
was
a
plot
of
the
King
to
murder
the
Gawries
.
I
shall
not
need
to
tell
you
of
the
17th
day
of
December
:
There
is
none
of
you
who
hath
not
heard
in
what
feare
and
danger
of
life
the
King
was
then
,
by
an
insurrection
which
was
raised
by
the
seditious
Sermons
of
some
of
these
fiery
preachers
.
One
thing
I
cannot
omit
,
how
that
they
called
a
Nationall
Assembly
to
be
held
in
Aberdeen
,
the
King
suspecting
the
event
(
as
he
had
good
cause
)
and
having
long
before
by
Act
of
Parliament
all
Authority
in
causes
Ecclesiasticall
,
and
particularly
for
calling
of
Assemblies
,
declared
to
belong
to
his
Royall
Person
;
He
sent
to
inhibit
them
by
open
Proclamation
,
but
they
would
not
desist
:
whereupon
being
questioned
,
they
declined
the
Kings
authority
,
contrary
to
the
Lawes
of
that
Kingdome
;
for
which
they
were
indited
,
found
guilty
and
condemned
of
Treason
.
Yet
that
mercifull
Prince
did
neither
take
life
nor
goods
from
them
;
But
only
banished
six
of
them
:
And
when
some
of
these
could
not
live
abroad
,
upon
the
acknowledgment
of
their
offence
,
he
not
only
gave
them
leave
for
to
returne
,
but
also
provided
livings
for
them
;
And
yet
one
of
these
who
holds
both
his
life
and
his
living
by
the
Kings
mercy
,
Thus
have
I
given
you
a
brief
taste
both
of
their
Doctrine
and
Practice
,
concerning
the
opposing
of
Princes
.
But
here
lest
this
should
be
thought
a
Nationall
sinne
,
and
so
Jerusalem
upbraid
her
sister
Samaria
;
I
will
shew
unto
you
,
that
they
of
this
faction
in
England
had
been
as
deep
in
this
condemnation
,
but
that
(
God
be
praised
)
they
had
not
so
much
power
.
And
besides
that
,
some
there
have
suffered
death
for
their
seditious
practises
against
authority
,
in
seeking
to
bring
in
their
new
Discipline
,
as
Hacket
,
Coppinger
,
and
others
:
You
may
judge
of
the
intentions
and
desires
of
the
rest
,
by
their
writings
.
One
of
them
who
wrote
a
Book
,
intituled
,
A
Dialogue
of
white
Devils
(
which
was
a
most
fit
Title
for
these
mens
Books
,
for
if
ever
there
were
white
Devils
,
or
Devils
transformed
into
Angels
of
light
,
it
is
in
their
persons
,
who
under
the
pretence
of
Sanctity
,
labour
to
bring
in
all
manner
of
disorder
into
the
Church
,
and
confusion
into
the
Common
wealth
)
That
Author
sayes
expresly
,
that
If
Princes
do
hinder
the
bringing
in
of
their
Discipline
they
are
Tyrants
,
and
being
Tyrants
they
maybe
deposed
by
their
Subjects
.
Another
,
who
calls
himself
Stephanus
Junius
,
It
is
lawfall
for
the
people
by
force
of
Arms
to
resist
the
Prince
,
if
he
hinder
the
building
of
the
Church
.
A
third
railes
at
Queen
Elisabeth
▪
for
exercising
that
lawfull
Authority
in
causes
Ecclesiasticall
which
was
united
unto
her
Crown
;
resembling
her
unto
all
the
wicked
Kings
,
and
others
who
took
upon
them
unlawfully
as
unto
Saul
for
his
offering
of
sacrifice
;
unto
Ozias
for
his
burning
of
incense
;
Yea
,
and
to
Nadab
and
Abihu
for
their
offering
of
strange
fire
.
It
is
well
known
how
that
Martin
in
his
first
Book
threatned
fists
.
And
the
Authour
of
the
second
Admonition
,
sayes
plainly
,
that
There
is
many
a
thousand
that
desire
the
same
that
he
doth
,
and
that
great
troubles
will
come
of
it
if
it
be
not
provided
for
.
Another
of
that
crew
,
directing
his
speech
unto
the
Bishops
,
saith
,
that
The
Presbytery
must
prevail
:
And
if
it
come
to
passe
by
that
means
that
will
make
your
hearts
to
ake
,
then
blame
your selves
.
I
could
present
unto
you
a
great
deal
more
of
such
stuffe
:
but
I
will
onely
alledge
one
passage
of
Master
Cartwright
,
whom
for
his
learning
I
honour
far
above
all
that
ever
were
of
that
faction
,
he
saith
that
the
Church
is
not
in
the
Common
wealth
,
but
the
Common
wealth
in
the
Church
,
and
therefore
,
as
a
wise
man
will
not
frame
his
house
to
his
hangings
,
but
his
hangings
to
his
house
:
So
the
Church
is
not
to
be
fitted
unto
the
Common
wealth
,
but
the
Common
wealth
unto
the
Church
:
Whereupon
it
will
evidently
follow
,
that
as
in
his
opinion
there
ought
to
be
a
parity
in
the
Church
,
so
likewise
a
parity
in
the
Common
wealth
:
so
that
it
is
more
then
manifest
that
the
thing
which
they
aime
at
,
is
to
have
no
King
at
all
.
And
therefore
it
is
remarkable
,
how
that
the
Traitour
Calderwood
in
his
blasphemous
Book
,
called
Altare
Damascenum
,
doth
not
onely
rail
against
King
James
,
charging
him
with
perjury
&
persecution
,
but
also
doth
inveigh
against
all
Kings
whatsoever
,
saying
,
Naturâ
insitum
est
onnibu●
regibus
in
Christum
odium
.
It
seemes
this
mad
dog
did
not
remember
Gods
promise
made
unto
his
Church
,
That
Kings
should
be
her
Nursing-fathers
,
and
Queens
her
Nursing-mothers
:
And
God
who
is
never
worse
then
his
word
,
hath
made
his
promise
good
;
for
never
were
there
so
great
Instruments
for
the
propagation
of
the
Gospel
,
the
inlargement
of
Christs
kingdom
,
and
the
procuring
of
the
peace
of
the
Church
,
as
Christian
Kings
have
been
;
and
amongst
them
all
,
never
any
more
then
our
most
gracious
King
that
now
is
,
and
his
most
renowned
Father
,
whom
those
men
did
so
much
oppose
and
traduce
.
But
what
do
I
need
to
remember
matters
of
old
:
for
the
Children
are
worse
then
the
fathers
,
and
their
present
practise
now
in
Scotland
,
doth
surpasse
all
the
iniquities
of
their
Fathers
,
and
will
make
them
to
bee
forgotten
.
Now
Bishops
and
conformable
Ministers
,
whose
persons
had
wont
to
be
esteemed
sacred
,
are
stoned
,
beaten
,
wounded
,
and
drag'd
out
of
their
Pulpits
:
a
thing
which
was
never
used
by
the
Heathens
against
their
Priests
,
of
what
lewd
condition
,
or
quality
whatsoever
.
And
yet
those
are
they
who
sweare
to
be
good
examples
to
others
of
all
godlynesse
,
sobernesse
,
and
of
every
duty
they
owe
to
God
and
man
.
Now
what
Godlynesse
,
Sobernesse
,
or
righteousnesse
hath
been
in
such
proceedings
,
the
like
whereof
hath
not
been
heard
amongst
the
heathen
;
Let
all
the
world
judge
.
Before
they
had
wont
to
assault
us
onely
,
with
their
tongues
which
are
sharper
then
arrowes
,
and
with
their
pens
which
are
as
light
as
Ce●se-quils
:
But
now
they
are
come
(
as
Tertullian
sayes
)
A
stilo
ad
machaeram
,
from
words
to
blowes
.
That
we
may
say
with
Bernard
Leones
evasimus
,
sed
incidimus
in
Dracones
.
We
escapd
the
mouthes
of
Lyons
,
but
have
fallen
into
a
den
of
Dragons
;
for
these
sure
are
Cerastes
,
Fiery
flying
Dragons
.
But
would
to
God
their
madnesse
had
stayed
here
:
They
have
not
onely
done
wrong
unto
Gods
Prophets
;
but
also
touched
his
annointed
,
entring
into
a
mutuall
league
and
covenant
against
him
,
arming
his
Subjects
,
taking
Oathes
of
them
to
maintain
their
cause
,
blocking
up
his
Castles
,
refusing
all
his
Majesties
most
gracious
offers
for
peace
,
and
indeed
proclaiming
a
plain
defiance
unto
him
.
Good
Go●
!
Can
they
be
Christians
that
do
these
things
?
Or
have
they
any
warrant
for
this
out
of
Gods
word
which
commands
us
to
be
subject
to
Superiour
powers
,
and
that
for
conscience
sake
,
even
then
when
all
Kings
were
enemies
unto
Christian
Religion
?
Or
have
they
any
example
for
those
proceedings
out
of
Pious
antiquity
?
The
Christians
in
the
Primitive
Church
when
they
were
led
as
sheep
to
the
slaughter
all
the
day
long
,
and
suffered
the
most
exquisite
torments
that
could
be
devised
;
Yet
would
never
take
Armes
for
to
resist
the
Prince
;
but
put
on
this
resolution
,
Arma
nostra
preces
&
Lachrymae
.
Yea
,
when
these
persecuting
Emperors
,
had
occasion
of
warre
against
the
barbarous
nations
,
the
Christians
were
the
Emperours
best
and
most
faithfull
Souldiers
,
so
terrible
unto
their
enemies
that
they
were
called
the
thundering
Legions
.
And
S.
Austin
doth
highly
commend
them
for
their
faithfull
service
,
unto
the
heathen
Emperours
,
who
did
most
cruelly
spill
their
blood
,
onely
for
their
profession
of
Christ
.
And
let
no
man
say
,
it
was
for
want
of
power
,
that
they
did
not
defend
themselves
by
armes
;
for
it
is
well
known
,
that
if
they
had
thought
it
lawfull
to
resist
the
Emperour
by
Armes
;
they
were
of
that
number
,
power
,
and
resolution
,
that
they
had
been
able
to
have
shaken
the
foundations
of
the
Empire
.
But
now
it
seemes
that
these
men
of
whom
I
speak
,
have
learned
another
Divinity
,
and
think
that
they
are
bound
to
stand
to
the
defence
of
their
dread
Soveraigne
,
the
Kings
Majesty
,
his
person
and
authority
,
in
the
defence
and
preservation
of
the
true
religion
(
as
they
have
expressed
in
their
late
Printed
confession
of
faith
,
wherunto
they
have
sworn
)
so
that
they
do
plainly
insinuate
,
that
they
are
no
further
bound
to
defend
,
the
Kings
person
and
authority
,
then
he
doth
stand
in
the
defence
of
the
true
Religion
;
And
that
onely
must
be
accounted
the
true
Religion
,
which
they
themselves
do
best
like
of
:
If
the
King
will
not
maintain
that
,
then
for
all
this
last
Oath
,
they
are
freed
from
their
Alleigance
,
wherein
they
have
more
then
justified
the
Iesuites
in
all
their
rebellious
practises
,
and
the
Iesuites
can
well
tell
how
to
take
advantage
thereof
:
for
it
is
not
long
since
a
Iesuite
wrote
a
Book
,
in
the
defence
of
the
Loyalty
of
their
Order
,
alledging
that
Protestants
had
allowed
the
rebellion
of
Subjects
against
Princes
,
as
much
as
any
of
their
Order
had
done
,
and
gives
instance
in
Buchanan
,
Knox
,
and
Goodman
.
But
Andreas
Rivetus
a
Professor
of
Leiden
,
answering
the
Iesuite
,
doth
professe
,
that
all
Protestants
do
condemne
that
doctrine
,
and
ascribes
the
rashnesse
of
Buchanan
and
Knox
;
Praeferbido
Scotorum
ingenio
&
ad
audendum
prompto●
And
now
it
feares
me
,
that
ere
it
be
long
another
Iesuite
shall
publish
a
Book
to
prove
that
the
present
insurrection
in
Scotland
,
is
a
greater
rebellion
,
then
was
the
Papists
Gun-powder-plot
:
in
regard
that
the
Gun-powder-Treason
was
but
the
act
of
a
few
discontented
Gentlemen
,
and
the
thousand
Papist
in
England
not
guilty
of
it
;
but
in
the
present
Rebellion
of
the
Puritanes
,
they
have
ingaged
a
great
part
of
that
Kingdome
,
and
many
who
indeed
know
not
what
the
matter
meanes
,
and
so
that
this
may
be
called
the
common
sinne
of
that
Sect
,
whereas
the
other
cannot
be
charged
upon
the
Religion
of
the
Papists
.
But
you
will
say
,
it
is
Religion
that
moveth
them
:
What
?
did
ever
the
true
Religion
allow
of
rebellion
?
Tantum
Religio
potuit
suadere
malorum
?
I
know
they
pretend
the
defence
of
the
nationall
confession
of
their
Church
,
and
the
Oath
received
by
their
forefathers
in
the
Yeere
1581
,
by
the
Kings
example
and
commandement
.
But
if
it
be
so
I
will
subscribe
their
Covenant
also
,
which
is
the
greatest
curse
I
can
lay
upon
my
mortall
enemy
.
Therfore
to
take
away
that
vaine
pretence
,
wherewith
they
blind
you
and
many
other
simple
people
;
I
will
here
make
it
evidently
appeare
,
First
,
that
that
negative
Confession
wherunto
they
did
swear
in
the
yeere
81
,
is
not
the
nationall
Confession
of
the
Church
of
Scotland
,
and
Secondly
,
that
the
Oath
which
they
have
now
administred
is
not
the
same
,
which
the
King
,
his
Family
,
States
,
and
Subjects
,
did
sweare
at
that
time
;
But
Substantially
different
from
it
in
many
points
.
And
first
,
that
Negative
Confession
is
not
the
nationall
Confession
of
the
Church
of
Scotland
:
But
the
nationall
Confession
is
that
,
which
twenty
yeeres
before
,
being
penned
by
Mr.
Knox
,
and
his
fellow-ministers
,
and
contayning
the
positive
grounds
of
Divinity
;
was
approved
by
the
Parliament
held
in
the
yeere
1560
;
and
afterwards
was
ratified
by
a
Parliament
in
the
yeere
1567
,
and
registred
in
the
body
of
that
Act
of
Parliament
,
and
so
confirmed
by
a
number
of
Parliaments
since
that
time
.
The
same
is
likewise
received
into
the
body
of
the
Confessions
of
all
the
reformed
Churches
,
and
acknowledged
for
the
Confession
of
the
Church
of
Scotland
.
But
as
for
that
Negative
Confession
,
consisting
in
the
abjuring
of
Popish
errors
,
and
penned
by
Mr.
Craig
,
for
the
detecting
of
some
disguised
Papists
,
who
by
Equivocation
,
or
out
of
hope
of
Papall
dispensation
,
did
for
feare
of
the
Laws
,
subscribe
unto
the
former
confession
;
That
negative
confession
(
I
say
)
was
never
confirmed
by
any
Parliament
.
What
Confirmation
it
had
,
was
onely
from
the
Kings
mandate
,
whom
they
procured
not
only
himselfe
to
sweare
and
subscribe
;
but
also
to
command
all
his
Subjects
to
do
so
.
But
here
I
pray
you
to
consider
first
,
What
age
the
King
was
of
then
:
not
full
Fifteen
yeeres
,
by
foure
moneths
.
And
how
easie
a
matter
was
it
to
abuse
his
tender
youth
?
Let
us
therfore
appeale
from
K.
Iames
a
minor
,
unto
himselfe
when
he
was
of
riper
yeeres
:
And
we
shall
find
that
he
did
utterly
disallow
of
that
fact
,
insomuch
,
that
in
the
Parliament
held
the
yeere
84.
he
procured
the
first
confession
to
be
confirmed
;
but
without
any
mention
of
the
latter
,
and
so
in
divers
Parliaments
following
.
And
in
the
Conference
at
Hampton
Court
he
did
fully
manifest
his
dislike
of
that
Negative
confession
,
saying
that
Mr.
Craig
with
his
I
renounce
,
and
I
detest
,
did
multiply
so
many
particulars
,
that
simple
people
were
not
able
to
conceive
;
And
so
being
amazed
did
either
fall
backe
into
Popery
,
or
remaine
still
in
their
ignorance
:
And
(
saith
he
)
If
I
should
hold
my selfe
to
that
forme
,
the
confession
of
my
faith
must
bee
in
my
Table-booke
and
not
in
my
head
.
So
that
it
hath
no
civill
confirmation
at
all
.
But
you
will
say
that
a
Sinodicall
confirmation
,
by
a
generall
Assembly
held
at
Edenburgh
,
another
at
Glasgow
:
wherunto
I
answer
,
that
the
act
of
the
Synod
had
onely
relation
unto
the
Kings
mandate
:
For
thus
the
words
runne
.
Forasmuch
as
the
Kings
Majestie
hath
set
forth
and
proclaimed
a
Godly
Confession
of
faith
—
This
present
Assembly
doth
appoint
that
all
Ministers
shall
conforme
themselves
therunto
under
paine
of
deprivation
.
So
that
whatsoever
strength
is
in
the
Synodicall
confirmation
depenes
upon
the
force
and
vigor
of
the
Kings
mandate
;
while
that
was
in
force
,
the
confirmation
of
the
Synod
was
in
force
;
and
that
being
expired
,
the
confirmation
of
the
Synod
is
likewise
expired
:
But
the
Kings
mandate
is
expired
,
because
upon
mature
judgment
hee
did
retract
and
disallow
it
in
his
life
time
,
and
though
he
had
not
,
yet
the
same
being
a
personall
act
of
the
Kings
without
the
consent
of
the
States
of
Parliament
,
is
now
certainly
expired
with
his
royall
breath
:
For
Mortuo
mandatore
expirat
mandatum
.
So
that
indeed
this
Confession
which
they
now
urge
so
violently
upon
the
Kings
Subjects
,
hath
no
legall
confirmation
at
all
.
And
as
it
hath
no
confirmation
,
So
it
never
had
the
honour
to
be
received
into
the
body
of
the
Confessions
of
reformed
Churches
,
as
was
the
former
Confession
;
neither
indeed
was
it
worthy
;
for
it
is
not
a
Confession
of
faith
at
all
;
but
a
Confession
of
unbeleese
:
The
author
tels
us
not
what
he
doth
beleeve
,
but
what
he
doth
not
beleeve
.
And
I
hope
you
will
all
confesse
,
that
faith
consist
in
assenting
to
revealed
truths
,
and
not
in
dissenting
from
err●rs
.
Besides
is
it
not
more
fit
,
for
a
Minister
to
teach
his
people
positive
truths
of
Christian
Doctrine
,
then
to
spend
his
time
in
telling
them
of
unknown
heresies
?
And
as
that
Negative
Confession
is
not
the
nationall
confession
of
that
Church
,
so
the
Oath
that
is
now
ministred
,
is
not
the
same
with
that
which
was
received
by
the
Kings
Majesty
and
his
Subjects
in
the
yeere
81
as
is
preten●ed
;
But
is
substantially
different
from
it
in
many
respects
.
1
In
the
former
Oath
or
Covenant
,
they
did
swear
with
the
King
and
by
his
commandement
,
and
their
is
no
doubt
but
it
is
most
lawfull
for
Subjects
,
(
if
the
matter
of
the
Oath
be
true
and
Lawfull
)
to
swear
by
the
commandement
of
the
king
,
to
whom
primarily
and
Originally
,
belongs
the
power
to
minister
an
Oath
,
and
to
others
only
by
Commission
and
power
delegated
from
him
:
But
this
new
Oath
,
is
not
only
without
the
King
,
but
against
him
,
and
flat
contrary
to
his
commandement
;
For
since
the
time
that
his
Majesty
manifested
his
Royall
pleasure
,
requiring
them
to
renounce
their
covenant
,
they
have
proceeded
and
sworn
many
thousands
of
people
.
So
that
I
am
sure
by
the
Lawes
of
our
Kingdome
they
are
in
a
great
Premunire
.
2.
In
the
first
Oath
or
Covenant
,
there
is
no
bond
of
mutuall
defence
.
But
in
this
new
Oath
there
is
a
bond
of
mutuall
defence
of
one
another
,
Against
all
persons
whatsoever
,
the
King
himselfe
not
excepted
.
3.
Although
there
had
been
such
a
bond
of
mutuall
defence
in
the
former
Covenant
,
yet
ought
it
not
to
be
in
this
:
for
Subjects
may
lawfully
make
a
Covenant
of
mutuall
defence
by
Armes
,
by
the
consent
of
the
King
who
only
hath
the
power
of
the
Sword
within
his
dominions
;
But
they
who
made
this
late
Covenant
had
not
the
Kings
consent
:
but
did
it
contrary
to
the
Kings
expresse
will
and
pleasure
:
wherein
they
have
violated
the
lawes
of
their
own
kingdome
which
they
were
bound
to
maintaine
:
for
by
an
act
of
Parliament
Anno
1585
,
all
leagues
or
bonds
of
mutuall
defence
made
without
the
privity
and
consent
of
the
King
are
expresly
forbidden
.
And
as
in
this
respect
their
Covenant
is
contrary
to
the
Lawes
of
their
kingdome
;
So
I
am
sure
it
is
contrary
unto
the
Law
of
God
;
for
I
never
knew
any
Divine
who
doth
not
maintain
that
unto
the
undertaking
of
a
just
warre
,
there
is
required
not
only
a
good
cause
,
but
also
lawfull
authority
.
A
just
cause
of
warre
doth
not
warrant
every
man
to
undertake
warre
,
though
against
a
stranger
,
(
much
lesse
against
the
King
,
against
whom
no
cause
,
though
never
so
just
,
can
make
a
warre
undertaken
by
his
Subjects
warrantable
)
But
a
just
cause
doth
only
warrant
the
King
,
or
supreme
Magistrate
,
in
whom
authority
is
originally
and
Primarily
;
and
without
whose
commission
the
Warres
undertaken
by
private
men
,
are
no
better
then
robbery
and
murther
.
That
rash
and
heady
adventure
of
the
Israelits
against
the
Canaanites
.
Num.
cap.
14.
v.
44.
was
without
authority
;
for
neither
Moses
nor
the
Arke
went
up
with
them
:
and
therfore
Moses
doth
call
their
attempt
a
presumption
;
and
they
prospered
accordingly
,
for
they
were
smitten
unto
Hormah
,
a
name
answerable
unto
the
event
,
namely
destruction
.
Lastly
,
this
Oath
is
not
the
same
with
the
former
,
because
it
contains
not
only
the
old
Covenant
,
or
confession
;
but
also
their
owne
interpretation
of
it
:
For
they
do
plainly
insinuate
,
that
Episcopall
government
,
and
the
5.
Articles
of
Perth
,
are
abjured
in
that
Confession
.
Now
it
is
reasonable
,
that
a
few
factious
spirits
who
are
the
Authors
of
this
conspiracy
,
should
take
upon
them
to
interpret
a
Nationall
confession
,
and
obtrude
their
interpretation
upon
the
whole
Church
,
forcing
all
men
to
sweare
unto
it
?
This
were
too
much
though
their
interpretation
were
true
,
because
it
wants
publique
authority
and
approbation
.
But
indeed
the
interpretation
is
most
notoriously
false
,
and
like
the
glosse
of
Orleance
which
destroyes
the
Text.
Episcopall
government
is
not
abjured
in
the
Negative
confession
,
nor
so
much
as
mentioned
.
If
any
man
shall
say
,
That
Episcopacy
is
included
under
the
Popes
wicked
Hierarchy
,
which
there
is
denied
;
he
will
prove
himself
ridiculous
:
for
it
is
well
known
unto
all
that
ever
looked
into
the
Ecclesiasticall
history
,
that
the
Church
was
governed
by
Bishops
,
600
yeers
before
the
Popes
wicked
Hierarchy
began
.
And
as
that
government
was
not
abjured
,
so
neither
is
it
any
innovation
at
all
:
for
it
is
evident
that
in
the
yeere
81.
they
had
Bishops
,
and
it
is
yet
to
be
seen
registrate
in
the
Books
of
Councell
,
and
subscribed
by
the
Commissioners
for
the
time
,
how
that
but
a
little
time
before
the
publishing
of
that
Confession
,
And
as
for
the
5.
Acts
of
Perth
Assembly
,
they
were
never
intended
to
be
abjured
in
the
Negative
confession
:
for
there
is
no
mention
of
any
of
them
;
neither
can
they
be
comprehended
under
popish
rites
.
Kneeling
at
the
Communion
,
is
no
popish
rite
,
for
I
have
upon
another
occasion
proved
it
to
be
the
gesture
used
in
the
Primitive
Church
at
the
receiving
of
the
Sacrament
;
And
that
the
first
that
ever
did
sit
after
their
fashion
was
the
Pope
,
to
expresse
his
state
;
So
that
we
may
justly
charge
them
,
that
the
gesture
which
they
use
,
is
abjured
in
that
confession
,
amongst
the
rest
of
popish
rits
.
The
Five
Holy-dayes
established
by
the
Assembly
of
Perth
,
are
not
Popish
rites
;
but
such
as
were
observed
in
the
Church
,
since
the
dayes
of
the
Apostles
,
as
may
appeare
by
that
bitter
contention
,
between
the
Easterne
and
Westerne
Churches
,
about
the
observation
of
Easter
.
And
as
for
the
other
three
Articles
,
for
private
Baptisme
,
the
Communion
of
the
sick
,
and
Confirmation
of
Children
;
There
is
no
man
in
his
right
wits
who
will
not
acknowledge
that
they
were
in
use
many
hundred
yeeres
before
Popery
was
hatched
;
and
are
in
themselves
things
not
onely
lawfull
and
expedient
,
but
in
some
cases
necessary
.
But
yet
they
will
say
,
that
these
things
are
abjured
in
generall
termes
,
when
they
sweare
to
continue
in
the
obedience
of
the
doctrine
and
discipline
of
that
Kirk
.
For
answer
wherunto
,
I
shall
desire
you
to
consider
First
,
that
they
say
not
they
will
continue
in
the
present
discipline
of
this
Kirk
;
(
as
these
new
men
doe
interpret
it
)
but
indefinitely
,
that
they
will
continue
in
the
discipline
of
this
Kirk
.
Secondly
,
albeit
they
had
said
so
;
yet
by
the
discipline
we
must
understand
that
discipline
,
which
was
established
by
authority
and
Law
;
And
not
that
which
was
violently
brought
in
by
some
factious
Ministers
and
their
adherents
.
Now
I
have
shewed
that
Episcopall
government
was
ratified
and
confirmed
by
divers
Acts
of
Parliament
;
but
never
dissolved
by
any
:
and
that
their
Presbyteriall
government
was
put
down
by
act
of
Parliament
;
but
never
established
by
any
.
Thirdly
,
say
that
by
discipline
,
we
should
yeeld
to
understand
,
that
discipline
which
then
was
used
,
though
brought
in
by
private
authority
:
Yet
certainly
it
was
never
their
intent
to
sweare
to
maintaine
that
discipline
in
all
particulars
without
alteration
or
addition
:
for
such
an
oath
had
been
simply
unlawfull
;
because
that
thereby
they
should
have
made
a
perpetuall
Law
concerning
ceremonies
and
rites
,
which
are
themselves
and
must
be
changeable
according
to
the
Exigency
of
the
times
.
And
so
if
that
interpretation
which
is
now
given
of
the
words
,
were
true
,
it
would
follow
;
-
1
That
their
negative
Confession
were
directly
contrary
unto
their
positive
Confession
,
which
is
the
only
true
Nationall
confession
of
the
Church
of
Scotland
;
For
in
that
confession
,
in
the
20th
Article
,
touching
matters
of
Policy
and
order
,
they
say
:
Not
that
we
think
that
one
policy
and
one
order
in
Ceremonies
can
be
appointed
for
all
ages
,
times
and
places
:
For
as
Ceremonies
such
as
men
have
devised
are
but
temporall
,
so
may
and
ought
they
to
be
changed
,
when
they
rather
suffer
Superstition
,
then
that
they
edifie
the
Church
using
the
same
.
So
that
by
these
mens
Interpretation
,
here
is
Confession
against
Confession
:
The
positive
Confession
declares
matters
of
Policy
and
order
to
be
alterable
,
and
such
as
upon
occasion
both
may
and
ought
to
be
changed
:
But
these
men
do
so
interpret
the
negative
Confession
and
Covenant
,
as
if
they
were
bound
by
an
oath
,
to
preserve
the
same
Orders
that
were
used
in
the
yeer
81.
inviolably
for
ever
.
-
2
Such
an
Interpretation
is
against
all
right
reason
;
For
the
condition
of
the
Church
being
changeable
,
the
same
Orders
cannot
be
convenient
for
her
at
all
times
:
As
the
same
policy
is
not
fit
for
the
Church
in
all
places
,
so
neither
for
one
and
the
same
Church
at
all
times
.
-
3
Such
an
Interpretation
shall
condemne
the
practice
of
the
ancient
Church
,
which
did
upon
occasion
often
change
her
rites
,
as
namely
dipping
in
Baptisme
,
which
she
changed
from
once
into
thrice
,
and
again
from
thrice
into
once
.
-
4
It
is
contrary
to
the
Judgement
of
all
Divines
.
Mr.
Calvin
tells
us
that
In
externall
discipline
and
Ceremonies
Christ
would
not
particularly
prescribe
what
we
sho●la
fellow
,
Quod
istud
pendere
a
temporum
varietate
pravideret
.
And
again
he
saith
,
That
sometimes
it
profiteth
and
is
expedient
that
there
be
a
difference
in
these
things
,
lest
men
should
think
that
Religion
were
tyed
unto
outward
Ceremonies
.
And
indeed
,
to
make
the
Rites
of
the
Church
unchangeable
,
were
to
confound
matters
of
Doctrine
,
and
matters
of
Discipline
,
matters
of
Faith
,
and
matters
of
Order
.
The
rule
therefore
of
Tertullian
is
infallible
;
Regula
fidei
immobilis
,
irrefragabilis
,
Caetera
disciplinae
admittunt
novitatem
correctionis
.
-
5
If
they
had
sworne
(
as
these
men
would
have
it
)
to
maintaine
their
discipline
which
they
then
used
without
alteration
or
addition
,
like
the
Laws
of
the
Medes
and
Persians
;
Then
had
they
ascribed
unto
themselves
an
absolute
perfection
,
more
then
ever
did
the
Pharisees
in
Christs
dayes
,
or
the
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
after
,
or
the
Popes
of
late
,
since
they
established
their
own
infallibility
.
Surely
the
contrivers
of
the
first
Confession
,
did
manifest
a
great
deal
of
more
modesty
in
their
Preface
.
Protesting
;
that
if
any
man
shall
note
in
this
our
Confession
,
any
Article
or
Sentence
repugnant
to
Gods
holy
Word
,
and
do
admonish
of
the
same
in
Writing
,
we
by
Gods
grace
do
promise
unto
him
satisfaction
from
the
mouth
of
God
,
that
is
,
from
his
holy
Scriptures
,
or
else
,
reformation
of
that
which
he
shall
prove
to
be
amisse
.
And
are
these
men
become
wiser
then
their
Fathers
,
to
think
that
nothing
which
they
did
,
could
be
amended
?
-
6
That
could
not
be
the
meaning
of
the
first
Oath
to
maintain
their
discipline
in
all
points
without
alteration
:
For
they
themselves
during
the
days
of
the
Presbytery
did
change
many
things
,
and
that
as
I
beleeve
without
violation
of
their
Oath
.
Sometimes
their
Lay-elders
had
voyce
in
the
Presbytery
,
af●erwards
the
Ministers
perceiving
the
inconvenience
,
restrained
them
to
their
Parish-sessions
:
Sometimes
it
was
made
altogether
unlawfull
to
bury
in
Churches
;
afterwards
they
did
permit
it
.
And
if
I
had
the
inspection
of
the
Book
of
the
Acts
of
the
generall
Assembly
which
I
have
not
seen
these
four
and
twenty
yeers
;
I
would
make
it
appear
that
every
Assembly
,
did
either
alter
or
adde
something
in
matters
of
discipline
.
Finally
,
How
could
they
Swear
to
maintain
that
discipline
in
all
points
,
when
there
are
many
things
in
their
new
found
discipline
,
whereof
they
were
not
agreed
,
nor
are
to
this
day
?
as
namely
,
Whether
Pastors
and
Doctors
be
one
office
,
or
distinct
;
And
if
distinct
,
Whether
Doctors
have
any
voyce
in
government
:
What
is
the
Office
of
Deacons
,
and
whether
they
may
give
a
voyce
in
the
consistory
with
the
rest
:
Whether
their
ruling
Eldermen
be
Ecclesisticall
persons
or
Lay-men
:
Whether
their
Office
should
be
only
annuall
,
or
during
life
:
Whether
those
Elders
should
have
a
voice
in
the
election
Ordination
,
deprivation
of
ministers
;
and
in
weilding
of
the
keyes
for
Excommunication
and
Absolution
.
By
all
which
it
is
more
then
manifest
,
that
the
meaning
of
these
words
in
the
former
Oath
,
[
We
will
continue
in
the
obedience
of
the
discipline
of
this
Kirk
]
is
not
that
they
would
observe
the
same
discipline
then
used
in
all
particulars
,
without
alteration
or
addition
:
for
so
their
Oath
must
be
contrary
to
their
Confession
of
faith
,
contrary
to
right
reason
,
to
the
practise
of
the
Primitive
Church
,
to
the
opinion
of
all
Divines
,
yea
,
contrary
to
their
owne
practice
,
and
indeed
such
an
Oath
,
as
were
both
unlawfull
and
impossible
to
be
observed
.
And
unlesse
that
Interpretation
be
allowed
them
,
that
Oath
makes
nothing
either
against
Episcopacy
,
or
the
five
Articles
of
Perth
,
we
must
therefore
finde
out
some
other
meaning
of
these
words
of
the
Covenant
.
It
is
a
rule
in
the
civill
Law
;
Semper
in
dubijs
benigniora
sunt
praeferendae
,
And
again
,
Non
sunt
rejiciendae
leges
quae
interpretatione
aliquâ
possunt
convenire
.
If
any
thing
,
Fact
,
writing
or
Law
may
in
reasonable
construction
admit
two
interpretations
,
the
best
and
mildest
is
ever
to
be
received
.
But
the
words
in
the
former
Oath
may
admit
a
good
interpretation
,
namely
they
did
sweare
to
continue
in
the
discipline
of
that
Kirk
,
in
regard
of
all
substantials
,
viz.
for
administration
of
the
Sacraments
,
and
weilding
of
the
Keyes
for
binding
and
loosing
of
sinners
;
and
that
for
the
particular
determination
,
of
person
,
time
,
place
,
and
outward
forme
of
administration
;
They
would
observe
the
discipline
of
that
Kirk
,
which
should
be
from
time
to
time
lawfu●ly
established
.
And
therefore
it
is
(
as
I
observed
before
)
that
they
did
not
say
The
present
discipline
of
this
Kirk
.
And
by
this
Interpretation
which
is
the
only
reasonable
sense
of
these
words
that
can
be
given
;
they
are
all
bound
by
their
nationall
Oath
,
(
as
they
terme
it
)
to
submit
themselves
to
Episcopall
government
,
and
the
Articles
of
Perth
,
which
were
lawfully
established
,
and
are
now
a
part
of
the
Discipline
of
that
Church
.
Thus
have
I
shewed
that
this
late
Oath
is
substantially
different
from
the
former
:
in
that
now
they
doe
not
sweare
with
the
King
,
but
against
him
;
It
containes
a
bond
of
mutuall
defence
of
one
another
;
It
inables
Subjects
to
take
Armes
without
lawfull
Authority
,
and
containes
such
an
interpretation
of
the
Old
covenant
,
as
is
manifestly
false
.
In
all
which
respects
,
the
Oath
is
unlawfull
:
But
yet
to
convince
them
further
of
perjury
I
will
shew
unto
you
,
that
they
have
not
observed
any
of
these
conditions
which
God
himselfe
requireth
in
an
Oath
.
In
the
fourth
of
Ieremy
and
second
verse
:
Thou
shalt
sweare
the
Lord
liveth
,
in
trueth
,
in
iudgement
,
and
in
righteousnesse
.
In
trueth
,
and
therefore
not
falsly
;
In
judgement
,
and
therefore
not
rashly
:
In
righteousnesse
,
and
therefore
not
lewdly
nor
to
a
bad
end
.
We
must
sweare
in
trueth
and
not
falsly
;
for
the
Lord
himselfe
saith
,
Yee
shall
not
sweare
by
my
name
falsly
,
Levit.
19.12
.
The
onely
true
matter
of
an
Oath
is
trueth
,
but
all
the
grounds
of
this
last
Oath
,
are
notoriously
false
,
as
namely
that
the
Negative
Confession
,
is
the
Nationall
confession
of
the
church
of
Scotland
:
And
I
have
shewed
that
to
be
otherwise
.
That
this
Oath
is
the
very
same
that
King
Iames
and
his
Family
did
sweare
:
And
I
have
proved
that
not
to
be
so
.
That
Episcopacie
and
the
five
Articles
of
Perth
are
innovations
abjured
in
the
former
Oath
:
and
I
have
manifested
that
to
be
evidently
false
.
Finally
,
That
what
they
doe
is
to
avert
,
The
danger
of
the
true
reformed
religion
,
of
the
Kings
honor
,
and
of
the
publick
peace
of
the
Kingdome
.
When
as
indeed
they
could
not
have
taken
a
course
more
to
indanger
the
true
Religion
,
wound
the
Kings
honour
,
and
disturbe
the
publick
peace
.
So
that
in
this
late
Oath
there
is
no
trueth
.
Againe
,
We
must
sweare
in
judgement
,
that
is
,
out
of
a
certain
knowledge
of
the
thing
which
we
sweare
.
We
finde
in
the
fifth
of
Leviticus
,
that
when
a
man
did
sweare
that
which
was
hid
from
him
;
It
was
a
sin
for
which
a
Trespasse-offering
was
to
be
offered
.
And
now
they
have
sworn
unto
many
things
which
are
hid
from
them
,
and
whereof
they
could
have
no
certaine
knowledge
;
for
they
could
not
know
that
the
Negative
Confession
is
the
National
Confession
of
that
Church
;
nor
that
this
Oath
is
the
same
with
that
which
the
King
did
sweare
;
nor
that
Episcopacy
and
the
five
Articles
of
Perths
Assembly
were
abjured
in
the
former
Oath
:
For
I
have
evidently
proved
all
these
to
be
false
.
Besides
,
in
the
Catalogue
of
errors
renounced
,
there
are
many
things
wich
common
people
cannot
understand
,
as
namely
,
I
would
gladly
know
,
how
many
amongst
that
multitude
who
have
sworn
this
late
Covenant
,
doe
know
what
is
Opus
operatum
,
abjured
in
the
Oath
.
It
is
wisely
provided
in
the
civill
Law
,
that
none
should
be
admitted
to
sweare
,
who
are
not
of
some
reasonable
understanding
,
and
therfore
no
Idiots
,
nor
mad
men
,
nor
children
are
admitted
to
be
witnesses
:
But
in
this
last
Oath
they
have
sworn
many
thousands
who
have
not
so
much
knowledge
of
an
Oath
,
of
Religion
,
or
of
the
confession
of
Faith
;
as
a
child
of
seven
yeere
old
.
And
therefore
they
doe
not
sweare
in
Iudicio
.
Lastly
,
as
we
must
sweare
in
trueth
,
and
in
judgement
,
so
also
in
righteousnesse
:
As
the
matter
of
our
Oath
must
be
true
,
and
our
knowledge
of
it
certaine
:
So
we
must
sweare
unto
a
good
and
lawfull
end
:
For
to
make
the
name
of
God
a
bond
to
doe
evill
,
is
a
sinne
out
of
measure
sinfull
.
But
the
end
of
this
last
Oath
is
most
unlawfull
,
even
to
arme
Subjects
against
their
Prince
,
and
pull
downe
Orders
established
by
Lawes
,
wherby
they
make
that
which
should
be
Sacramentum
pietatis
,
to
be
Vinculum
iniquitatis
.
These
Oaths
we
call
Juramenta
latronum
,
such
as
theeves
and
robbers
take
to
be
true
one
to
another
:
For
they
doe
not
only
joyne
hand
in
hand
(
as
Solomon
tells
us
)
but
doe
even
also
by
Oath
bind
themselves
to
doe
mischiefe
.
Paenitenda
promissio
,
non
per●icienda
praesumptio
.
And
surely
since
this
is
a
swearing
age
with
them
,
they
may
doe
well
to
sweare
once
more
,
that
they
will
never
sweare
so
againe
.
When
David
had
made
a
rash
Oath
to
destroy
Nabal
,
in
cold
blood
he
did
choose
rather
to
breake
his
Oath
then
to
keepe
it
.
And
I
think
there
is
no
Divine
who
will
not
say
,
that
Herod
had
better
broken
his
rash
oath
,
then
cut
off
Iohn
Baptists
head
.
And
yet
I
must
tell
you
,
it
is
not
altogether
so
haynous
a
crime
to
take
a
head
from
a
Prophet
,
as
to
pull
a
Crowne
from
a
Kings
head
.
And
now
have
I
taken
from
them
all
pretence
of
Religion
,
(
which
is
not
sit
to
make
a
cloake
for
such
knavery
)
by
shewing
that
the
Negative
confession
,
is
not
the
Nationall
Confession
of
the
Church
of
Scotland
;
and
that
this
Oath
is
not
the
same
which
was
sworne
An.
81.
but
an
Oath
in
many
respects
altogether
unlawfull
:
And
finally
,
that
Episcopall
government
,
and
the
Articles
of
Perth
are
not
abjured
in
the
Negative
Confession
.
I
will
now
guesse
what
are
the
true
causes
that
set
them
on
work
,
not
using
light
conjectures
,
but
building
upon
more
then
probable
grounds
.
1.
That
which
sets
the
Clergie
on
work
is
Selfe-love
,
They
perish
in
the
gaine-saying
of
Core
.
You
know
that
Core's
sinne
was
disobedience
:
he
would
not
be
subject
unto
Aaron
appointed
his
Superiour
by
God
,
nor
to
Moses
either
who
swayed
the
Scepter
:
So
they
by
their
good
will
,
will
not
be
subject
either
to
Bishop
or
King
.
This
pride
hath
beene
the
occasion
of
many
heresies
in
the
Church
,
as
will
evidently
appeare
unto
those
who
read
the
Histories
of
Arius
coveting
the
Bishoprick
of
Alexandria
:
of
Donatus
labouring
to
have
beene
Bishop
of
Carthage
:
of
Novatus
desiring
a
Bishoprick
in
Italy
:
and
of
Aerius
contending
with
Eustathius
for
a
Bishoprick
in
Pontus
.
These
men
affecting
these
honorable
places
,
and
receiving
their
severall
foyles
,
when
through
ambition
they
could
not
get
the
places
they
sought
for
in
the
Church
,
they
laboured
to
gaine
honour
another
way
in
their
severall
Synagogues
.
So
I
could
tell
you
of
a
man
,
who
is
now
a
ring-leader
of
the
faction
in
Edenburgh
,
and
hath
publickly
preached
the
King
to
be
a
Papist
,
and
when
his
Majestie
desired
them
to
renounce
their
Covenant
,
promising
them
all
reasonable
satisfaction
in
other
things
:
he
in
a
Sermon
compared
his
Majestie
unto
an
Italian
who
promised
mercy
to
his
vanquished
enemie
,
upon
a
condition
that
he
would
renounce
Christ
,
which
when
the
Caitiff
had
done
,
presently
stabb'd
him
to
the
heart
,
saying
,
I
hope
now
I
have
killed
you
both
soule
and
body
.
Yet
this
man
within
these
two
yeeres
was
an
earnest
suter
for
the
Bishoprick
of
Argyle
,
Arius
,
Donatus
,
and
the
rest
,
doth
now
also
work
in
him
.
2
That
which
sets
the
Lay-men
on
work
,
is
covetousnesse
:
amongst
whom
not
a
few
would
gladly
prey
upon
the
Bishopricks
,
as
their
Fathers
did
upon
the
Abbeyes
.
This
was
observed
by
M.
Cartwright
,
and
the
Author
of
the
Ecclesiasticall
discipline
of
their
Lay-followers
in
England
;
And
,
(
I
must
needs
think
that
they
of
Scotland
,
as
they
are
of
the
same
religion
,
so
they
are
of
the
same
mind
)
Whilest
they
heare
us
speak
against
Bishops
and
Cathedrall
Churches
,
3
I
may
more
then
probably
conjecture
that
they
have
another
ayme
,
even
such
as
was
Ieroboams
ayme
:
When
he
had
drawne
away
the
ten
Tribes
from
the
house
of
David
,
he
said
in
his
heart
,
If
the
people
goe
up
to
Ierusalem
to
worship
,
their
heart
will
returne
againe
unto
their
Lord
Rehoboam
;
And
therefore
he
erected
two
golden
Calves
,
and
said
unto
the
people
,
It
is
too
farre
for
you
to
go
up
to
Ierusalem
:
These
are
the
gods
that
brought
you
up
out
of
the
land
of
the
land
of
Egypt
.
So
those
men
intending
to
draw
away
the
Kings
Subjects
from
their
Obedience
,
and
perceiving
that
if
they
should
joyne
with
his
Majesties
good
Subjects
,
in
the
true
and
orderly
worship
of
God
,
that
their
heart
would
returne
againe
unto
their
Lord
the
King
:
They
have
devised
an
Idol
of
their
owne
brain
,
like
Ioroboams
Calves
,
even
their
Presbyteriall
discipline
,
and
cry
that
up
as
the
only
true
worship
of
God
.
And
yet
I
hold
not
them
all
to
be
alike
guilty
;
but
that
many
of
them
,
yea
the
farre
greatest
part
,
have
not
as
yet
learned
the
deepnesse
of
Sathan
.
We
may
distinguish
them
into
three
degrees
.
The
first
sort
,
are
they
who
have
contrived
the
plot
,
are
the
ring-leaders
of
the
faction
,
the
seducers
of
others
,
and
so
dogmatizing
heretiques
.
For
these
I
can
make
no
excuse
;
but
leave
them
as
wilde
Asses
to
be
spoken
within
the
moneth
of
their
affliction
.
The
second
sort
,
and
the
far
greatest
number
,
The
wisdome
that
is
from
above
,
is
first
pure
then
peaceable
,
Gentle
,
and
easie
to
be
intreated
,
full
of
mercy
,
and
good
fruits
,
without
judging
,
and
without
hypocrisie
.
Whereas
Solomon
describes
wisedome
to
have
built
her
a
house
with
seven
pillars
:
So
the
Apostle
describes
this
heavenly
wisedome
,
(
which
is
the
true
Religion
)
by
seaven
properties
,
neither
of
which
will
agree
with
their
religion
.
It
is
not
Pure
;
For
therfore
is
the
true
religion
called
pure
because
it
alloweth
of
nothing
which
is
not
in
it selfe
just
,
lawfull
,
and
honest
.
And
hereby
Lactantius
proveth
against
the
Gentiles
the
verity
of
the
Christian
religion
.
But
their
Religion
alloweth
of
many
things
,
which
in
themselves
are
neither
Just
,
lawfull
,
nor
honest
,
as
namely
,
Vsury
,
Sacriledge
,
disobedience
to
lawfull
authority
,
and
rebellion
against
Princes
.
Againe
,
is
not
peaceable
;
for
these
men
are
the
incendiaries
of
Christendome
,
as
if
they
had
come
to
set
fire
upon
the
Earth
.
Not
gentle
,
For
they
are
more
austere
in
their
carriage
,
then
ever
was
Cato
.
Not
Easie
to
bee
intreated
;
for
they
will
neither
be
perswaded
by
their
friends
,
nor
commanded
by
their
superiors
,
to
doe
any
thing
,
but
what
they
will
,
squaring
themselves
by
that
old
rule
of
the
Donatists
,
Quod
volumus
sanctum
est
.
Not
full
of
mercy
and
good
fruits
:
For
they
are
all
for
sacrifice
,
nothing
for
mercy
;
All
for
the
duties
of
the
first
Table
,
neglecting
the
duties
of
the
second
:
Their
faith
hath
drowned
their
charity
:
For
we
have
knowne
them
pull
downe
many
Churches
,
and
yet
build
but
a
few
Hospitalls
.
Not
without
Judging
:
For
of
all
men
living
they
are
known
to
be
the
most
rigid
censurers
of
others
.
And
consequently
they
are
not
without
Hypocrisie
:
For
that
is
the
true
note
of
an
hypocrite
,
when
one
,
(
as
our
Saviour
saith
)
can
spy
the
mote
that
is
in
his
brothers
eye
,
and
not
discerne
the
beame
that
is
in
his
own
.
And
yet
with
their
pretence
of
piety
they
have
deceived
a
number
of
simple
people
.
But
there
is
yet
a
third
sort
,
who
have
subscribed
the
Covenant
against
their
conscience
,
onely
for
fear
of
a
Massacre
,
which
they
had
just
cause
to
suspect
,
when
a
Catalogue
was
taken
up
of
the
names
,
what
in
every
Parish
,
of
those
who
refused
to
subscribe
.
And
now
,
I
pray
you
,
what
is
become
of
their
plea
of
Christian
liberty
?
For
when
we
did
presse
them
to
conforme
themselves
unto
the
Orders
of
our
Church
,
they
alleaged
that
it
was
contrary
to
Christian
liberty
to
inforce
men
to
the
doing
of
any
thing
against
their
conscience
,
and
that
a
man
should
be
fully
resolved
in
his
owne
mind
of
the
lawfulnesse
of
that
which
hee
doth
.
And
yet
we
did
urge
men
onely
under
payne
of
suspension
and
Excommunication
;
and
that
after
much
patience
and
forbearance
;
using
withall
all
fair
meanes
to
perswade
them
.
But
they
compell
men
to
subscribe
with
them
against
their
Conscience
,
by
Pike
and
Pistoll
,
threatning
no
lesse
unto
the
refusers
then
losse
of
life
,
goods
,
and
lands
.
By
this
ye
may
judge
of
the
sincerity
of
their
actions
,
and
what
they
would
doe
in
other
places
,
if
they
should
once
gaine
the
power
into
their
own
hands
.
All
this
paines
have
I
taken
,
to
detect
these
men
and
their
proceedings
,
to
the
end
that
I
might
draw
you
off
from
their
faction
:
For
who
would
be
in
love
with
that
Religion
,
whose
bond
is
Perjury
,
whose
badge
is
Rebellion
?
Therefore
,
come
out
from
amongst
them
and
separate
your selves
;
Be
not
partaker
with
them
in
their
sins
,
lest
you
receive
also
of
their
plagues
.
Manifest
your
dislike
of
them
&
their
proceedings
,
by
conforming
your selves
absolutely
unto
the
Orders
of
this
Church
in
all
things
,
and
think
not
to
halt
any
longer
between
God
and
Baal
;
Neither
be
afraid
of
their
power
;
for
howsoever
they
prosper
for
a
time
:
It
is
but
a
Summer
storme
,
Nubecula
est
&
cito
pertransibit
:
You
may
assure
your selves
that
in
end
they
will
not
prevaile
:
For
that
God
by
whom
Kings
reigne
will
give
strength
unto
his
King
,
and
exalt
the
horne
of
his
anoynted
:
He
will
scatter
the
people
that
delight
in
Warre
,
even
make
the
hearts
of
the
Canaanites
to
melt
,
and
their
joynts
to
tremble
:
But
will
satisfie
the
King
with
long
life
,
and
shew
him
his
salvation
.
And
now
I
have
wearied
both
you
and
my self
with
a
long
Speech
.
I
know
there
are
many
here
who
thinke
I
have
spoke
too
much
;
But
I
could
not
have
said
lesse
,
and
manifest
my
fidelity
to
God
and
the
King
.
And
if
it
be
true
which
is
grown
unto
a
Proverb
,
that
Leves
loquuntur
curae
,
ingentes
stupent
:
No
man
can
expect
that
my
Speech
should
be
eloquent
:
For
I
protest
before
God
,
that
I
have
spoken
out
of
the
grief
of
my
heart
,
and
the
very
anguish
of
my
Soul
.
When
I
consider
the
fearfull
afterclaps
that
are
likely
to
ensue
:
It
fears
me
,
that
our
sinnes
are
come
unto
a
full
Maturity
,
and
that
we
are
ripe
for
Gods
Sickle
to
reap
us
.
I
dare
not
say
with
St.
Paul
,
that
I
could
wish
my selfe
Anathema
,
or
separated
from
Christ
for
my
Country-men
:
But
I
can
say
with
a
sincere
heart
,
that
I
could
be
content
,
my
life
were
given
in
a
Sacrifice
,
so
that
could
procure
the
peace
of
the
Church
,
redeem
his
Majesties
honor
,
which
is
so
deeply
wounded
,
and
preserve
my
native
Country
from
destruction
.
And
therefore
I
beseech
all
you
who
bear
good
will
unto
Sion
,
that
you
would
apply
all
your
indeavours
,
for
quenching
of
this
fire
;
especially
labouring
to
reclaim
them
who
are
committed
to
your
charge
:
And
of
some
have
Compassion
,
making
a
difference
:
and
others
save
with
fear
:
Pulling
them
out
of
the
Fire
.
And
let
all
of
us
be
instant
with
God
in
Prayer
,
lifting
up
our
hearts
and
our
hands
to
the
heavens
,
and
beseeching
him
who
is
the
Author
of
peace
,
and
lover
of
Concord
,
that
he
would
be
pleased
to
open
the
eyes
of
that
people
,
and
turne
their
hearts
,
that
they
may
acknowledge
their
duty
to
God
,
and
to
his
Vice-gerent
.
Amen
.
FINIS
.