Divided
into
foure
Centuaries
.
Of
Love
.
Quest.
WHerefore
is
it
that
many
time
Love
is
conceived
upon
an
instant
towards
an
object
?
Ans.
Because
the
Eye
,
being
the
informer
of
the
intellectuall
part
,
presenting
the
Object
unto
it
,
it
in
an
instant
judgeth
it
appetible
,
and
discoursing
with
the
heart
,
(
which
is
the
seat
of
the
conpiscible
or
appetible
)
both
conclude
the
Object
to
be
amiable
;
and
according
to
the
objects
perfection
,
by
degrees
growes
to
the
vehemency
of
a
violent
passion
,
the
appetible
labouring
(
according
to
its
property
)
to
be
a
professor
,
and
to
enjoy
its
desire
.
Of
kissing
,
a
token
of
Love
.
Q.
HOw
is
it
that
this
act
is
so
much
esteemed
,
and
used
of
Lovers
?
A.
This
was
first
invented
by
the
Trojan
Wives
,
who
being
tyred
with
the
long
and
tedious
travailes
by
Sea
,
and
being
now
arrived
in
the
pleasant
Country
of
Italy
,
and
loath
that
their
Husbands
should
any
more
put
to
Sea
,
concluded
amongst
themselves
,
that
while
their
Husbands
were
now
a
shoare
,
busied
in
the
Conquest
of
that
Countrey
,
they
would
fire
the
ships
,
and
by
that
meanes
to
quit
themselves
of
the
feare
of
any
further
travailes
,
which
they
put
in
effect
:
But
when
they
considered
the
high
displeasure
of
their
Husbands
likely
to
come
upon
them
with
Death
,
they
resolved
upon
this
way
of
pacification
;
which
was
,
that
at
the
returne
of
them
,
every
wife
should
use
this
kind
of
welcome
,
by
kissing
him
on
the
Lippes
,
which
before
that
time
was
not
used
and
knowne
;
which
when
the
men
perceived
,
wondring
and
amazed
at
this
novelty
of
embraces
,
became
indulgent
to
them
,
and
pacified
;
whereupon
,
since
that
,
it
never
went
out
of
use
,
but
grew
rather
more
and
more
in
request
.
Of
Dwarfes
.
Q.
WHence
is
it
,
that
Dwarfes
are
more
drowsie
and
sleepy
than
others
?
A.
Because
,
ordinarily
,
their
heads
are
very
great
,
in
respect
of
other
parts
of
their
bodies
,
by
reason
whereof
,
their
heads
have
need
of
greater
nourishing
:
seeing
then
a
great
quantity
of
nourishment
ascends
up
into
the
head
,
so
by
the
same
reason
it
causeth
a
great
quantity
of
vapours
,
the
which
naturall
heate
not
being
able
to
consume
,
or
so
soone
dissipate
,
those
vapours
keepe
the
sences
so
much
the
longer
asleepe
.
Q.
Wherefore
are
they
more
luxurious
than
those
of
a
great
stature
?
A.
Because
the
substance
of
the
nourishment
superfluous
,
in
Dwarfes
turnes
to
seed
,
in
stead
of
the
others
nourishment
of
their
bodies
;
although
they
eat
as
little
in
quantity
of
Viands
,
or
no
more
than
the
Dwarfes
.
Of
Smelling
.
Q.
WHerfore
is
it
;
that
flowers
sprinkled
,
or
dipped
in
Water
smel
not
so
wel
,
and
lose
much
of
their
fragrancy
and
sweetnesse
?
A.
Because
humidity
and
moysture
,
being
of
a
contrary
temperament
,
impaireth
and
extinguisheth
the
perfection
of
their
sent
.
Q.
What
is
the
reason
,
that
they
that
have
eaten
any
thing
of
a
strong
sent
,
(
as
Garlicke
,
Onions
,
or
taken
Tobacco
)
do
not
perceive
the
malignity
of
the
smell
so
easily
,
as
they
doe
which
use
them
not
?
A.
The
reason
is
this
;
they
that
use
them
,
have
their
throat
,
pallate
;
and
nostrells
glutted
with
the
sent
,
these
parts
being
next
neighbours
to
the
smelling
part
;
therefore
themselves
smell
it
little
,
or
nothing
at
all
:
As
for
example
,
touching
or
feeling
any
cold
thing
with
cold
hands
,
one
cannot
so
easily
judge
of
the
coldnesse
,
as
with
warme
.
Q.
Why
cannot
those
that
have
stinking
breathes
,
perceive
the
stench
of
it
?
A.
By
the
selfe
same
reason
aforesaid
;
because
they
have
those
parts
affected
and
infected
with
their
owne
stinke
,
themselves
being
disenabled
to
perceive
it
.
Of
the
biting
of
a
mad
dog
.
Q.
WHy
is
it
,
that
a
man
bitten
with
a
madde
dog
,
fals
not
mad
so
soone
as
other
animals
doe
?
A.
It
is
because
that
man
is
of
a
more
excellent
structure
,
and
better
temperament
,
than
any
other
sublunary
creature
;
also
that
he
being
endowed
with
a
reasonable
soule
,
is
not
so
soone
mad
,
nor
so
easily
besides
himselfe
as
other
animals
are
.
Of
a
Jeere
.
Q.
WHat
is
the
reason
,
that
wee
commonly
are
offended
more
at
a
Ieere
,
than
at
an
angry
word
?
A.
Because
we
perceive
most
times
,
that
an
injurious
,
or
angry
word
proceedes
from
suddaine
passion
and
choler
,
or
for
some
revenge
against
truth
,
yea
contrary
to
the
Conscience
and
opinion
of
him
that
proffers
it
:
but
a
Jeere
proceedes
from
a
contempt
and
scorne
,
and
purposeth
to
put
one
in
a
chafe
and
outrage
,
without
any
occasion
at
all
.
Of
Monsters
.
Q.
WHat
is
the
cause
of
the
generation
of
Monsters
?
A.
There
are
many
;
as
the
superaboundance
of
Seede
,
or
the
insufficiency
of
the
Materia
,
the
weaknesse
of
the
seminall
vertue
,
the
defect
of
the
wombe
,
the
imagination
being
absent
from
the
female
at
the
time
of
conception
,
and
the
conjunction
of
two
animals
of
different
kindes
or
species
.
Q.
Wherefore
doe
not
Monsters
live
long
after
their
comming
forth
?
A.
Because
that
being
imperfect
,
they
are
so
much
the
more
feeble
;
so
that
feeling
themselves
out
of
the
wombe
,
and
sensible
of
cold
,
which
is
an
enemy
to
nature
,
they
cannot
subsist
long
,
especially
in
cold
clymates
;
and
by
how
much
the
more
they
are
imperfect
,
the
shorter
time
they
live
.
Q.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
Affricke
produceth
more
Monsters
than
other
Countryes
?
A.
The
reason
is
,
because
it
is
extreamly
hot
,
and
waters
very
scarce
,
and
a
Countrey
very
spacious
,
vast
,
and
sandy
;
so
that
all
sorts
of
beasts
assemble
,
and
flocke
to
the
Fountaines
to
drinke
,
where
they
couple
together
,
without
any
respect
of
Species
or
kinde
,
and
thence
it
comes
to
passe
that
so
many
Monsters
are
there
bred
:
Moreover
Affricke
being
a
Countrey
very
hot
,
(
as
is
said
)
and
heare
being
a
friend
to
nature
,
Monsters
live
longer
there
,
than
in
any
other
part
of
the
World
of
a
colder
temperature
.
Of
Women
.
Qu.
WHy
is
it
that
Women
are
more
desirous
of
pleasure
in
Summer
than
in
Winter
,
and
men
on
the
contrary
,
in
Winter
than
in
Summer
?
An.
To
say
truth
,
they
are
at
all
times
more
inclined
that
way
than
men
;
because
they
being
cold
and
imperfect
,
cheere
themselves
,
and
are
comforted
by
the
heate
and
conjunction
with
man
:
but
they
are
more
desirous
farre
that
way
in
Summer
,
than
in
Winter
,
because
the
heate
and
drynesse
of
that
season
doth
very
much
temper
their
coldnesse
and
naturall
humidity
.
Men
,
on
the
contrary
,
which
are
of
a
hotter
temperament
,
dryer
and
stronger
,
doe
(
as
it
were
)
languish
and
dissolve
by
this
heate
,
which
weakens
,
and
much
debilitates
their
strength
,
and
to
that
disenableth
them
:
Even
as
the
Sun
shining
upon
a
fire
,
much
weakeneth
the
heate
thereof
.
But
the
intense
coldnesse
of
the
Winter
enforcing
naturall
heate
of
the
man
inwardly
,
he
becommeth
warmer
;
and
the
Woman
being
afflicted
with
a
double
frigidity
,
becomes
(
as
it
were
)
frozen
,
for
their
temperature
is
much
more
cooled
.
Then
without
doubt
,
it
is
far
more
convenient
and
fit
,
that
the
one
Sexe
one
time
,
the
other
another
should
affect
,
than
both
together
,
at
one
and
the
selfe-same
season
should
be
desirous
:
For
otherwise
they
would
over-heate
themselves
,
by
the
too
frequent
emission
and
profusion
,
to
the
great
prejudice
of
health
,
and
much
shorten
life
.
Q.
Whence
commeth
it
,
that
those
women
that
admit
diversity
of
men
,
become
lesse
fruitfull
?
A.
Because
that
the
diversity
of
temperaments
of
divers
ejections
and
emissions
doe
hinder
conception
,
even
as
the
diversity
of
dishes
and
viands
doe
hinder
the
digestion
of
the
stomacke
.
Qu.
Whence
happeneth
it
,
that
barren
women
are
usually
more
desirous
that
way
than
those
that
are
fruitfull
?
A.
Because
they
naturally
are
more
excrementitious
,
and
commonly
they
purge
not
naturally
as
others
doe
,
by
the
womans
healthy
sicknesse
.
Qu.
Why
is
it
that
women
married
very
young
,
are
more
lustfull
than
others
?
A.
It
is
because
that
kind
of
appetite
is
awakened
,
and
provoked
in
them
before
its
time
,
and
naturall
passages
being
opened
,
that
kind
of
delight
much
increaseth
in
them
,
and
often-times
proves
a
dangerous
and
pernicious
habite
.
Q.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
women
with
child
,
have
disordinate
appetites
,
and
a
longing
to
eate
unusuall
food
?
An.
This
happeneth
about
the
second
or
third
Moneth
of
their
conceiving
,
when
the
naturall
purgation
gathers
together
about
the
Matrice
,
for
the
nourishing
of
the
fruite
:
For
if
the
naturall
purgation
be
wholly
corrupted
,
and
over
charged
with
some
ill
humour
,
this
evill
imparteth
it selfe
oftentimes
,
as
by
some
contagion
to
the
Orifice
beneath
,
and
from
thence
to
the
stomacke
,
and
causeth
her
to
desire
meates
of
the
same
quality
as
that
humour
requires
;
so
that
if
that
corrupt
humour
bee
participant
of
melancholy
,
it
happeneth
that
the
party
with
child
desireth
to
eate
coales
,
tyles
,
ashes
,
or
some
other
adust
things
:
If
that
humour
be
of
the
quality
of
a
pricking
and
biting
phlegme
,
she
desires
Vinegar
,
or
sowre
meates
,
and
sauces
of
such
kind
,
and
so
of
other
humours
.
But
this
happeneth
not
to
all
women
with
child
,
because
all
have
not
that
naturall
purgation
so
vicious
and
corrupt
:
Moreover
,
the
wiser
sort
of
them
doe
moderate
,
or
conceale
these
kind
of
desires
and
longings
:
The
same
reason
is
,
for
the
loathing
and
detesting
that
they
have
to
some
meates
,
which
seeme
hatefull
unto
them
,
according
to
the
evill
humours
which
predominate
,
as
aforesaid
.
Q.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
great-bellyed
women
have
not
(
or
very
seldome
have
)
their
naturall
all
purgations
?
A.
Because
the
matter
that
is
voyded
by
them
,
serveth
for
the
nourishing
of
the
Embrio
,
or
fruit
conceived
.
Q.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
women
great
with
a
man
childe
,
are
more
cheerely
and
better
coloured
,
than
those
that
go
with
a
Female
:
A.
It
is
because
in
the
males
there
is
a
great
deale
more
naturall
heate
;
which
the
mothers
doe
feele
and
perceive
,
and
by
consequence
are
better
coloured
,
and
more
healthy
,
than
when
they
goe
with
a
female
.
Q.
What
is
the
reason
,
that
women
with
Childe
are
more
tetchy
,
then
when
they
are
not
?
A.
It
is
,
because
they
are
then
lesse
afraid
of
being
offended
so
long
as
they
are
bigge
,
wherein
they
discover
their
weaknesse
;
for
weake
and
feeble
persons
,
become
more
insolent
when
they
know
themselves
cleare
out
of
danger
and
feare
▪
and
great
courages
contrarily
shew
themselves
most
in
greatest
dangers
.
Q.
Why
are
women
more
covetous
,
more
crafty
,
and
revengefull
than
men
?
A.
By
reason
of
the
weaknesse
of
their
nature
;
for
being
not
able
by
force
to
support
and
maintaine
themselves
,
they
betake
themselves
to
craft
,
covetousnesse
,
and
discord
,
which
Casar
said
,
was
the
Mother
of
Assurance
.
Q.
Wherefore
are
women
more
heavy
at
the
beginning
of
conception
,
than
after
they
have
gone
some
moneths
with
childe
?
A.
Because
at
the
beginning
the
infant
participates
not
so
much
of
the
humours
within
the
body
of
the
Mother
,
as
when
it
groweth
a
little
bigger
;
for
it
is
nourished
by
the
naturall
purgations
,
and
superfluous
humors
of
the
Mother
.
Q.
Wherefore
hath
nature
placed
the
Paps
of
the
woman
upon
the
stomacke
,
and
not
lower
,
as
other
female
animals
?
A.
In
regard
of
the
preservation
of
her
modesty
:
moreover
,
she
being
an
upright
,
and
two-footed
creature
,
and
of
a
singular
perfection
above
all
other
females
,
Nature
provided
her
a
place
more
decent
for
them
,
and
freed
her
from
a
great
trouble
,
which
were
they
otherwise
placed
,
would
be
undecent
,
and
incommodious
.
Q.
Wherefore
have
not
men
great
Paps
,
and
large
Dugs
,
as
women
have
?
A.
Nature
frames
nothing
in
vaine
:
these
great
Pappes
being
given
to
Women
as
vessels
to
receive
their
naturall
purgations
,
which
are
converted
into
Milke
,
for
the
sustenance
of
the
infant
;
it
was
needlesse
,
that
men
,
that
have
no
such
purgations
,
and
is
not
fit
they
should
suckle
their
infants
,
should
have
any
such
large
receptacles
,
or
vessels
.
Q.
But
how
comes
it
,
that
womans
Paps
or
Breast
,
begin
not
to
rise
or
appeare
,
before
the
age
of
12
or
13
yeares
?
A.
Because
then
beginneth
the
time
of
their
naturall
purgations
,
and
have
them
not
before
that
age
.
Q.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
women
and
children
weepe
oftner
,
and
with
more
facility
,
than
men
of
a
perfect
age
?
A.
It
is
,
because
both
women
and
children
are
very
humide
,
&
therefore
being
surcharged
and
pressed
by
griefe
and
vexation
,
they
easily
evacuate
that
plenty
of
moysture
by
the
way
of
teares
.
Q.
Whence
is
it
,
that
the
man
and
the
woman
both
old
,
and
consequently
cold
,
that
the
woman
is
not
so
easily
,
nor
so
soone
drunke
as
the
man
?
A.
By
reason
that
women
being
cold
and
moyst
,
doe
more
resist
the
heate
of
Wine
;
and
old
men
being
dry
,
and
the
Wine
soaking
in
,
and
greatly
moystning
their
bodies
,
doth
more
endamage
them
.
Q.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
women
are
more
mutable
and
variable
than
men
?
A.
Because
they
are
of
a
temparament
lesse
perfect
,
being
more
cold
than
men
,
and
things
of
more
perfection
,
are
lesse
mutable
:
moreover
,
women
being
more
weake
,
are
so
much
the
more
suspicious
,
and
contentious
,
and
suspicion
brings
alwaies
with
it
a
change
of
will
:
But
let
me
say
thus
much
in
their
behalfe
,
They
are
more
constant
in
their
love
than
men
.
Q.
Why
doe
women
make
water
stooping
,
and
men
doe
the
contrary
?
A.
Because
their
bladder
stands
higher
than
a
mans
doth
.
Q.
What
is
the
reason
,
that
when
maidens
breasts
beginne
to
grow
,
they
begin
to
change
their
voice
?
A.
Because
then
the
Organ
of
the
voice
is
wider
and
lesser
closed
;
which
is
common
,
when
they
are
come
to
the
teenes
.
Q.
Why
are
some
twinnes
not
so
strong
as
others
be
?
A.
Because
the
Seede
which
should
have
served
one
receptacle
,
was
parted
into
two
.
Q.
Why
doe
the
Paps
of
maidens
when
they
are
in
their
teenes
grow
bigge
,
and
not
before
that
time
?
A.
Albertus
Magnus
saith
,
the
reason
is
,
that
then
her
monethly
termes
doe
begin
to
have
course
and
increase
,
and
by
that
reason
her
breasts
grow
bigge
.
Q.
Why
hath
a
woman
that
is
great
with
childe
of
a
boy
,
the
right
dug
harder
than
the
left
?
A.
Because
the
Male-childe
is
conceived
in
the
right
side
of
the
Mother
;
and
therefore
the
Flowers
or
Termes
have
more
course
to
the
right
Pap
,
than
to
the
left
,
and
so
by
this
reason
causeth
it
to
be
harder
.
Q.
And
likewise
why
doth
the
hardnesse
of
the
Pappes
betoken
the
health
of
the
Childe
in
the
Matrix
?
A.
The
reason
is
,
because
her
Terms
are
turned
into
milk
,
and
that
Milke
doth
nourish
the
fruite
in
the
wombe
aboundantly
,
and
thereby
its
strength
is
manifested
(
as
Aristotle
saith
.
)
Q.
Why
is
the
Milke
of
a
womans
breast
white
,
seeing
that
her
Termes
are
red
,
which
it
is
ingendred
of
?
A.
Because
the
blood
well
purged
and
concocted
becommeth
white
,
as
it
appeareth
in
any
flesh
,
whose
proper
colour
is
red
,
but
being
sod
,
it
is
white
.
Q.
How
shall
one
know
when
a
woman
hath
twinnes
in
her
wombe
?
A.
Nature
hath
given
a
certaine
signe
,
for
when
a
woman
is
quicke
sixe
weeks
,
or
thereabouts
;
shee
then
may
perceive
a
seame
or
stroke
downe
from
the
middle
of
her
breasts
,
to
the
bottome
of
her
belly
,
of
a
darke
colour
,
like
a
Veine
.
Q.
Why
haue
not
birds
milke
and
Paps
?
A.
Because
Paps
would
hinder
their
flying
.
Qu.
How
comes
it
to
passe
that
Nature
doth
produce
both
man
and
woman
in
one
body
,
commonly
called
Hermophrodites
?
An.
Because
Nature
hath
three
Receptacles
,
wherein
the
seed
of
man
doth
flow
;
the
one
in
the
right
side
,
which
commonly
doth
breed
the
Male
;
the
other
on
the
left
side
,
which
doth
breed
the
Female
,
and
the
third
vessell
or
receptacle
,
is
that
which
is
in
the
middle
,
in
which
the
seed
doth
fall
,
whereby
the
Hermophrodite
is
begotten
,
which
we
commonly
terme
Monsters
;
but
this
is
not
ordinary
,
but
rather
extraordinary
;
for
Nature
doth
never
produce
any
of
these
Monsters
,
but
by
some
extraordinary
and
lascivious
thoughts
in
the
very
act
,
or
else
after
the
act
,
which
bringeth
sleepe
,
there
to
continue
in
the
body
of
the
Female
,
which
I
thinke
,
and
some
other
learned
are
of
my
opinion
,
is
a
maine
cause
of
these
Monsters
,
called
Hermophrodites
;
and
sometimes
Nature
hath
given
them
that
are
thus
luxurious
,
no
comfort
of
their
issue
;
for
if
not
Hermophrodites
,
then
they
proove
fooles
and
ideots
.
Qu.
Why
doe
some
children
resemble
sometime
their
Father
more
than
the
Mother
,
which
breeds
them
in
their
body
?
and
sometime
like
the
Grandsir
,
or
some
other
of
their
kinred
?
Ans.
It
is
according
to
their
youth
,
whether
it
bee
father
or
mother
which
hath
more
seed
in
their
vessels
than
the
other
,
which
overflowes
the
lesser
,
and
being
more
desirous
of
lust
,
which
causeth
the
same
likenesse
:
And
againe
,
it
is
,
when
in
the
very
act
the
man
remembers
the
visage
of
the
Woman
,
which
is
a
great
matter
,
having
it
in
his
thought
at
that
time
;
sometimes
it
is
like
the
Grand-father
,
when
hee
is
thought
upon
,
or
remembred
in
the
like
action
.
Qu.
Why
doe
those
infants
which
come
out
of
the
wombe
at
the
eight
Moneths
end
,
most
commonly
become
weake
,
and
sometimes
in
danger
of
death
?
A.
Because
nature
is
weak
in
those
women
,
and
not
able
in
regard
of
their
burden
,
to
hold
out
any
longer
,
by
reason
of
the
watery
and
cold
Planet
,
the
Moone
,
which
hath
rule
in
every
body
whatsoever
;
and
by
reason
the
Moon
is
retrograde
,
&
ill
desposed
at
that
time
,
is
the
cause
of
its
death
.
Q.
Why
doth
the
infant
open
the
wombe
at
forty
weekes
end
?
A.
The
reason
is
,
(
as
wee
may
see
in
divers
fruites
)
when
they
be
ripe
,
they
easily
fal
,
and
so
likewise
,
when
the
childe
is
at
full
growth
,
then
the
vessell
doth
breake
,
or
open
,
and
the
tendons
,
or
ligaments
easily
broken
:
and
therefore
,
those
women
which
hold
out
their
full
time
,
without
their
terms
falling
down
in
that
time
,
haue
strong
and
lusty
children
,
and
live
long
.
Q.
Why
doth
either
excessive
ioy
or
griefe
cause
a
woman
to
miscarry
?
A.
Sometime
extraordinary
joy
doth
take
away
the
naturall
heat
,
which
causeth
and
giveth
life
to
the
seede
in
the
wombe
,
and
so
causeth
miscarrying
:
and
the
very
same
reason
is
given
for
griefe
conceived
,
which
taketh
away
the
natural
heat
from
the
wombe
to
comfort
the
heart
.
Q.
Why
doth
the
tongue
sometimes
lose
the
use
of
speaking
?
A.
The
learned
Physitian
Hypocrates
saith
,
sometime
it
doth
happen
through
a
Palsie
,
or
Apoplexy
,
which
is
by
a
violent
effusion
of
blood
and
of
other
thicke
humours
:
and
againe
,
it
is
the
infection
spiritus
animalis
in
the
Median
part
of
the
braine
,
which
is
an
hinderance
that
the
vigor
or
spirit
is
not
carryed
unto
the
tongue
;
which
is
the
maine
cause
why
the
tongue
sometimes
,
is
not
able
to
expresse
those
actions
which
its
office
ought
to
make
manifest
.
Q.
Why
did
nature
make
rather
the
braine
cold
than
hot
?
A.
For
this
maine
reason
onely
;
to
temper
and
moderate
the
heate
of
the
heart
,
to
the
end
it
might
serve
in
stead
of
a
Fan
or
cooler
.
Q.
Wherefore
made
Nature
Man
naked
,
and
without
weapons
,
onely
his
armes
to
defend
him
?
A.
Nature
having
bestowed
wisedome
upon
man
,
hath
given
him
meanes
enough
to
arme
himselfe
at
his
owne
pleasure
,
as
well
against
the
cold
and
heate
of
the
aire
,
as
against
the
blowes
of
his
enemies
.
Q.
What
is
the
cause
,
that
children
,
who
are
moyst
by
nature
,
are
not
bald
notwithstanding
?
A.
Because
their
humidity
is
intermingled
with
a
temperate
heate
.
Q.
Why
doth
Rue
,
being
planted
under
a
fig-tree
,
grow
the
better
,
and
receiveth
more
nourishment
?
A.
Because
it
drawes
unto
it selfe
the
sweetnesse
of
the
Fig-tree
;
or
else
the
Fig-tree
suckes
away
from
the
Rue
a
part
of
his
bitternesse
,
and
so
being
somewat
sweetned
,
it
groweth
the
better
.
Q.
Why
doe
old
men
dye
almost
without
paine
?
A.
By
reason
that
all
their
sences
are
debilitated
,
and
their
rudicall
moysture
,
and
naturall
heate
consumed
.
Q.
Why
doth
sorrow
and
care
make
some
men
to
look
old
and
gray
before
their
time
?
Answ.
Because
they
dry
up
the
moysture
of
their
bodie
by
their
Cholericke
humour
,
which
is
too
predominant
in
them
;
and
indeede
Age
is
no
thing
but
a
kind
of
drynesse
.
Q.
Wherefore
are
womens
counsailes
which
they
give
upon
the
suddaine
commonly
esteeemed
happy
and
prosperous
in
effect
,
and
those
which
they
give
upon
long
deliberation
unlucky
and
disastrous
?
A.
Erasmus
is
of
opinion
,
that
their
mindes
are
(
for
the
most
part
)
employed
with
what
they
most
affect
:
and
upon
a
pinch
,
if
they
bee
put
to
it
,
they
shew
much
and
a
quicke
wittinesse
;
for
Women
are
naturally
farre
more
witty
than
men
,
but
more
prone
to
affect
,
and
sometimes
make
use
of
it
to
extreame
wickednesse
.
Q.
Wherefore
is
it
said
,
what
s
a
Woman
but
her
tongue
?
A.
Because
antienly
they
had
no
other
defence
,
nor
weapon
but
that
:
but
now
they
have
better
fortified
themselves
with
tongue
,
tooth
,
and
nayles
.
Q.
What
kinde
of
people
are
those
that
doe
not
sleepe
in
their
owne
faces
?
A.
Women
that
paint
,
which
put
on
other
faces
than
nature
gave
them
,
under
which
fained
fairenesse
there
is
a
foule
pretence
of
concealing
age
and
wrinkles
,
but
not
their
desire
of
youthfull
actions
.
Justice
Sph.
Ph.
pa.
683.
Dialogismus
.
What
Goddesse
?
Justice
!
Why
thy
lookes
so
sterne
?
Not
to
be
wonne
from
what
I
once
discerne
.
Whence
born
?
From
heaven
.
Then
say
who
was
thy
father
:
[
*
](A05418-e4500-b)
*
Modus
.
Measure
he
's
cald
,
and
true-faith
is
my
mother
.
Why
one
eare
open
and
the
other
shut
?
To
th'
good
thats
ope
,
to
th'
bad
that
's
closed
up
.
Why
sword
i'
th
right
hand
,
in
the
left
a
scales
?
These
weigh
each
act
,
'gainst
th'
guilty
that
prevailes
.
Why
art
alone
?
Good
company
is
rare
;
These
times
conduct
mee
not
where
good
men
are
.
Why
poorely
clad
?
Cause
hee
that
will
be
iust
,
Refraine
to
purchase
wealth
and
treasure
must
.
Q.
What
doe
you
iudge
to
be
most
fit
for
the
tranquility
of
of
a
marryed
life
?
A.
No
married
life
can
be
peaceable
and
quiet
,
except
the
man
be
deafe
,
and
the
woman
blind
;
for
either
of
them
must
conceale
somethings
:
that
she
being
blind
,
may
not
be
peeping
&
prying
into
every
action
of
her
husband
:
&
he
deafe
,
that
he
may
not
heare
his
wife
brawling
continually
at
home
.
Altera
luminihus
quando
caret
,
auribus
alter
,
Improba
coniugium
tale
querela
fugit
.
In
English
thus
:
Where
Wives
want
eyes
,
and
Husbands
want
good
eares
,
That
Wedlocke
seldome
causeth
jarres
and
teares
.
Of
a
widow
.
Q.
Wherefore
is
it
that
no
Spaniard
of
what
meane
quality
soever
will
marry
a
widdow
,
bee
shee
very
young
and
wealthy
?
A.
It
hath
beene
a
resolution
of
theirs
from
Antiquity
,
and
continueth
to
this
day
:
and
to
this
effect
one
of
them
made
this
answer
,
I
will
no
Widow
wed
,
my
reason's
sound
,
I
'le
drinke
no
water
wherein
one
was
drown'd
.
Qu.
Which
is
rather
to
bee
chosen
for
marriage
,
a
Maide
or
a
Widow
?
An.
Herein
I
for
my
part
am
put
to
it
:
Hesiod
perswaded
his
brother
to
marry
a
Maide
,
that
hee
might
traine
her
up
in
the
path
of
honesty
:
but
by
your
leave
good
old
Poet
,
I
like
it
not
,
for
I
had
rather
chuse
a
Widow
,
who
having
beene
vertuously
matched
already
,
knows
how
to
tread
that
path
,
and
that
labour
is
saved
;
in
the
other
it
were
to
come
.
Centuary
2.
Of
Physicke
.
Qu.
WHat
's
the
reason
that
many
things
as
bitter
as
the
medicine
,
yet
purge
not
in
effect
so
forcibly
as
the
medicine
it selfe
?
An.
Because
it
is
not
the
onely
quality
of
bitternesse
that
causeth
purgation
,
but
also
the
resistance
to
the
concoction
:
For
the
medicine
cannot
be
digested
,
nor
concocted
by
naturall
heate
,
or
if
it
could
,
it
would
not
purge
;
but
its
principall
vertue
consists
in
attracting
the
humors
of
the
whole
body
,
or
from
some
part
thereof
,
according
to
their
severall
vertues
;
&
being
insuperable
in
contention
,
against
the
naturall
heat
of
the
body
,
it
retires
to
it selfe
,
drawing
with
it
,
and
forcing
all
out
that
it
meetes
withall
.
Of
Cabage
,
or
Coleworts
.
Qu.
WHence
is
it
;
that
Coleworts
are
hurtfull
to
them
that
are
aguish
?
A.
By
the
reason
they
are
hot
,
and
cause
the
head-ach
,
dreames
,
and
slumbers
,
through
their
fumes
and
vapours
.
Q.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
Rue
and
Coleworts
,
are
two
plants
that
the
one
cannot
thrive
by
the
other
?
A.
Because
they
are
both
hot
,
and
attracting
,
or
drawing
unto
them
an
abundance
of
moysture
from
the
earth
,
for
their
aliment
and
refreshment
,
they
one
starve
the
other
through
drought
,
and
for
want
of
sufficient
moysture
.
Marmalade
.
HOw
can
it
possible
bee
,
that
Marmalad
being
taken
before
meate
bindes
the
body
,
&
after
meat
loosneth
it
?
A.
To
say
the
truth
,
it
is
all
times
restringent
;
but
it
looseneth
by
accident
,
because
it
is
heavy
,
and
by
that
meanes
it
beares
downe
the
meate
,
and
drives
it
downeward
being
eaten
after
meat
.
Of
contayning
.
HOw
can
it
bee
,
that
one
glasse
full
of
ashes
can
receive
,
and
containe
another
glasse
of
the
same
measure
full
of
water
?
An.
It
is
because
that
the
ashes
being
not
a
continuate
and
solid
body
,
containe
much
ayre
,
which
giving
place
to
the
water
,
as
to
a
grosse
body
,
the
water
fills
and
takes
up
the
place
.
Moreover
,
for
the
receiving
of
as
much
water
as
ashes
,
the
ashes
must
bee
reasonable
warme
,
or
tepide
at
the
least
,
to
the
end
,
that
the
Ayre
by
this
meanes
,
and
the
spirit
therein
inclosed
,
may
be
exhaled
by
the
infusion
of
the
water
,
and
a
part
of
the
water
it selfe
may
be
●vaporated
by
the
heate
of
●he
ashes
.
The
same
may
be
sayd
of
●uicke
Lime
,
which
will
receive
a
great
quantity
of
water
and
sand
,
the
heape
knowing
never
the
bigger
;
because
(
I
say
)
the
spirits
〈◊〉
it
are
exhaled
in
smoake
,
●●d
the
water
also
evapora●th
,
and
the
sand
comming
〈◊〉
fill
up
their
places
,
the
●ape
becomes
more
solid
and
heavy
,
but
very
little
,
or
●●thing
bigger
.
Q.
But
how
is
it
,
that
a
glasse
●●…full
of
water
,
will
receive
●●ny
pieces
of
money
,
without
spilling
one
drop
of
water
?
A.
For
this
experiment
,
the
brim
of
the
Glasse
must
bee
dry
,
and
not
moyst
at
all
;
and
and
then
the
water
giving
place
to
the
money
that
shal
be
put
in
,
will
rise
up
above
the
brim
of
the
glasse
,
in
the
middle
in
a
sphericall
manner
:
But
if
the
brim
be
moist
,
it
will
not
containe
so
many
peeces
of
money
,
but
presently
runne
over
,
meeting
its
fellow
moysture
.
Of
Beards
.
Qu.
HOw
happeneth
it
,
that
some
have
their
Beards
thicke
,
and
bushy
,
and
other
some
very
thinne
?
A.
Even
as
(
saith
Calen
)
those
trees
become
greater
,
more
branched
,
and
full
of
boughes
,
that
are
planted
in
a
fat
and
moyst
ground
,
than
those
in
a
sandy
and
drie
:
by
the
same
reason
the
beard
becomes
more
bushy
in
them
that
are
of
a
tender
and
moyst
temperament
;
and
contrary
wise
,
thinne
to
those
that
have
a
flesh
more
hard
and
dry
:
Neverthelesse
,
it
may
happen
also
through
a
greatnesse
of
heate
,
which
much
opens
the
pores
,
that
the
matter
of
the
haire
is
exhaled
sometimes
,
and
comes
forth
,
and
by
that
means
the
beard
becomes
very
thinne
;
for
the
haire
proceedes
of
certaine
fuliginous
or
smutty
exhalations
,
which
become
thicke
and
hard
,
and
taking
root
in
the
flesh
,
bud
out
(
as
it
were
)
through
the
pores
,
and
are
nourished
by
the
humidity
and
excrements
of
the
body
:
if
then
this
matter
cannot
issue
forth
at
the
Pores
,
they
being
stopped
up
or
closed
,
or
on
the
contrary
,
they
being
very
open
,
the
beard
growes
very
thinne
.
Q.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
wee
are
ill
conceited
of
them
that
have
their
haire
of
one
colour
,
and
their
beard
of
another
?
Witnesse
Martial
against
Zoilus
.
Zoilus
red
headed
,
and
blacke
bearded
too
?
What
?
squint-eyd
,
and
stump-footed
in
thy
shooe
?
Thus
markt
,
thou
art
a
knave
,
or
else
there
's
none
:
If
thou
art
good
,
ten
thousand
't
is
to
one
.
A.
Because
the
diversity
of
colour
of
haire
proceeds
from
the
diversity
of
humours
:
one
and
the
selfe
same
man
having
divers
humours
predominant
in
him
,
is
commonly
,
inconstant
,
dissembling
,
and
mutable
:
I
speak
of
him
as
by
nature
so
;
who
,
neverthelesse
,
by
grace
and
discretion
,
may
overcome
his
constitution
,
and
maugre
his
ilnesse
of
temperature
:
as
Socrates
said
of
himselfe
.
Of
Maids
.
Q.
WHerefore
is
it
,
that
Maidens
having
past
the
age
of
ripenesse
,
and
loosing
that
time
of
marriage
,
become
pale-coloured
,
and
yellowish
?
A.
By
the
reason
of
the
retention
of
the
superfluous
humours
,
which
are
evacuated
by
the
consummation
of
Matrimony
,
and
those
corrupting
within
them
,
vitiates
the
blood
,
and
brings
them
into
great
and
dangerous
diseases
,
which
can
very
hardly
be
cured
,
but
by
marriage
.
Of
Hares
.
Qu.
HOw
is
it
,
that
the
Hare
sleepes
with
her
●yes
open
?
A.
Because
her
eye-●●ds
are
not
large
enough
to
●over
her
eyes
.
The
like
●●so
is
it
,
as
many
doe
●eport
with
many
other
A●imals
,
as
the
Lyon
him●●lfe
.
Of
Lyons
.
Q.
WHerefore
is
it
,
that
the
Lyon
hates
the
Ape
so
extreamly
?
A.
It
is
because
the
Lyon
is
generous
,
free
,
couragious
,
and
without
deceit
:
the
Ape
contrariwise
,
is
a
beast
full
of
deceit
and
trickes
:
which
antipathy
is
the
cause
of
the
Lyons
extraordinary
hatred
against
him
.
Some
are
of
opinion
,
that
the
flesh
of
the
Ape
is
very
medicinable
to
the
Lyon
,
which
the
Lyon
knowing
by
a
naturall
instinct
,
(
as
many
other
beasts
doe
naturally
know
remedies
fittest
for
them
)
hee
suddainly
falls
upon
him
,
and
devoures
him
.
Of
Wolves
.
Qu.
WHerefore
is
it
,
that
the
Wolfe
discovering
a
man
,
before
the
man
him
,
is
said
to
take
away
the
mans
breath
?
A.
I
(
saith
the
Author
)
have
divers
times
found
this
to
bee
false
by
experience
;
although
some
are
of
opinion
,
that
it
is
done
,
not
by
being
first
perceived
by
the
Wolfe
,
or
perceiving
him
first
,
as
the
Poet
saith
,
Lupi
Marim
videre
priores
:
but
because
hee
hath
a
kinde
of
a
charming
breath
to
stop
our
breath
,
by
corrupting
the
ambient
aire
that
we
are
in
for
that
instant
.
But
I
rather
suppose
,
that
this
happeneth
not
but
to
faint-hearted
,
and
weake
cowards
,
which
are
stricken
into
a
maze
and
astonishment
,
which
is
a
cause
that
the
naturall
heate
retires
inward
,
neare
about
the
heart
,
so
that
the
outward
parts
being
destitute
of
heate
,
become
as
it
were
benumb'd
,
and
shake
as
those
doe
through
extreame
cold
in
the
winter
.
Q.
Whence
comes
it
to
passe
,
that
the
flesh
of
a
sheepe
bitten
by
a
wolfe
,
eates
farre
tenderer
than
others
,
&
the
wool
is
more
apt
to
breed
lice
&
vermin
?
A.
It
is
because
the
breath
of
the
wolfe
is
very
hot
,
and
attenuating
the
flesh
by
his
heate
,
makes
it
more
tender
;
and
by
the
same
cause
the
wool
participates
the
alteration
of
the
flesh
,
and
is
more
subject
and
apt
to
putrefaction
,
and
to
breed
vermin
.
This
is
the
solution
of
Plutarch
.
Q.
Whence
is
it
that
the
wolfe
is
sayd
,
never
to
see
his
syre
nor
whelpe
?
A.
Because
the
Wolfe
after
his
coupling
with
the
female
,
smells
very
ranke
and
strong
,
farre
more
than
before
;
the
smell
being
augmented
by
the
motions
of
the
humors
which
are
in
the
coupling
:
wherefore
the
other
wolves
in
a
rage
fall
upon
him
,
and
worry
him
to
death
,
and
teare
him
peece-meale
:
and
by
that
meanes
he
shal
never
see
his
whelps
,
nor
they
him
,
nor
their
owne
which
they
shall
beget
.
The
generall
opinion
of
Hunters
is
,
that
the
Bitch-wolfe
never
couples
with
the
Male
but
once
in
her
life
,
which
is
the
cause
that
many
Malewolves
follow
her
when
she
is
proud
,
and
fight
;
and
while
they
are
all
fighting
,
if
any
one
of
them
couple
with
her
,
all
the
rest
fall
upon
him
,
and
kill
him
.
Of
Mules
,
Male
and
Female
.
Qu.
WHy
is
it
that
the
Mulets
beget
not
,
nor
the
Mules
can
conceive
?
A.
Some
are
of
opinion
,
that
this
proceedeth
from
their
being
ingendred
of
two
divers
and
very
different
species
,
or
kinds
of
animals
;
(
for
the
Horse
is
of
a
very
hot
,
and
the
Asse
of
a
very
cold
temperament
by
nature
)
they
have
not
a
disposition
requisite
for
generation
and
conception
:
Or
rather
,
because
Nature
doth
abhorre
the
generation
and
propagation
of
monsters
:
and
Animals
being
engendered
of
two
different
creatures
(
as
these
are
)
being
monsters
,
Nature
will
not
permit
,
that
their
generation
shall
extend
or
enlarge
it selfe
any
farther
.
This
reason
is
generall
,
and
the
precedent
is
particular
,
but
both
probable
;
neverthelesse
it
is
observed
,
that
Mules
have
sometimes
conceived
&
brought
forth
.
Quest.
Wherefore
is
it
that
Mulets
are
stronger
,
sounder
,
and
longer-liv'd
than
Horses
or
asses
,
being
they
participate
of
both
natures
?
A.
Because
by
the
providence
of
nature
,
the
defect
of
generation
which
is
in
them
,
is
recompensed
by
their
other
qualities
;
or
rather
,
because
of
the
great
heate
of
the
horse
,
and
the
coldnesse
of
the
Asse
being
mixed
together
,
doe
make
a
good
temperament
by
the
strength
,
healthinesse
,
livelinesse
,
and
long
continuance
of
the
Mulet
,
which
partakes
of
both
Species
.
Q.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
the
Mulets
participate
more
of
the
nature
of
the
Asse
,
than
of
the
Horse
,
being
that
the
Horse
is
greater
both
in
courage
and
fiercenesse
,
and
more
generous
than
the
Asse
?
A.
Because
the
Asse
is
of
a
melancholicke
constitution
,
and
by
consequence
more
desirous
of
copulation
,
lust
,
and
venery
,
by
the
reason
whereof
,
her
feede
is
predominant
in
the
generation
of
the
Mulet
:
or
rather
it
is
,
because
the
seede
of
the
Asse
being
of
a
colder
temper
,
than
that
of
the
Horse
,
is
more
tenacious
or
retayning
.
Of
Drunkards
.
Q.
WHerefore
is
it
,
that
great
drinkers
are
said
to
gather
death
,
whence
others
gather
life
?
A.
By
the
reason
of
excesse
;
for
Plures
enecat
intemperantia
quam
gladius
:
Excesse
killeth
more
than
the
sword
:
and
by
this
meanes
their
foreheads
oreshew
to
the
world
,
their
more
than
brutish
affection
,
by
the
variety
of
pimples
,
the
rubies
on
their
noses
,
the
rednesse
of
their
eyes
,
the
trembling
of
their
hands
,
their
stinking
breath
:
and
as
their
bodies
batten
,
so
their
soules
wither
,
and
themselves
accelerate
their
deaths
as
immature
by
their
intemperance
;
As
Saint
Austine
noteth
:
Multi
manducant
&
bibunt
in
hac
vita
quod
postea
in
inferno
digerant
.
Many
eate
and
drinke
that
in
this
life
,
which
they
must
afterwards
digest
in
Hell
.
And
Diogenes
called
these
men
the
Charyhdes
of
life
:
For
the
Charybdis
swallows
what
the
sea
brings
to
it
,
and
casts
it
up
againe
:
but
these
swallow
up
rivers
and
lands
,
but
never
cast
them
up
againe
.
Q.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
teares
are
frequent
and
usefull
to
your
Maudlin
drunkards
?
A.
The
reason
is
,
that
the
shedding
of
teares
,
is
a
great
ease
to
them
,
by
the
effusion
of
the
superabundant
humours
in
the
head
;
for
the
braine
is
filled
with
vapours
,
which
is
much
eased
by
such
teares
,
and
by
consequence
they
:
Sape
ego
tentavi
curas
depellere
vino
,
At
dolor
in
lachrymas
verterat
omne
merum
.
In
English
thus
,
By
wine
I
oft
have
try'd
t'
expell
my
cares
,
But
they
converted
all
my
wine
to
teares
.
Qu.
Wherefore
is
it
that
to
a
drunken
man
every
thing
seemes
two
?
A.
These
questions
are
not
for
a
triviall
understanding
to
resolve
;
but
I
will
doe
my
endeavour
to
enucleate
what
you
propose
.
The
reason
then
is
,
that
by
the
abundance
of
humectation
,
or
moistning
the
tender
muscles
of
the
eyes
more
than
ordinary
affected
and
contracted
,
they
divert
and
distract
the
eyes
,
the
one
being
forced
upwards
,
and
the
other
downewards
.
Therefore
both
the
eyes
doe
not
direct
themselves
to
one
marke
or
object
,
which
causeth
the
sight
to
be
double
,
each
eye
directing
it selfe
differently
.
Qu.
How
doe
these
pot-companions
excuse
themselves
?
An.
Certainly
(
I
thinke
)
out
of
Anacreon
thus
:
Faecunda
terra
potat
,
Hanc
arboresque
potant
,
Et
potat
aequor
auras
,
Ipsumque
Luna
Phaebum
.
Quid
ergo
vos
sodales
P●●●●●…
me
vetatis
?
In
English
thus
:
The
fruitfull
Earth
doth
drinke
,
The
Trees
drink
earth
I
thinke
:
The
Sea
drinkes
Ayre
I
weene
,
The
Moone
drinks
Sol
agen
.
Then
Blades
why
should
wee
fall
From
drinking
?
Knock
,
and
call
.
Qu.
What
kind
of
life
is
most
fit
for
these
kinde
of
Animals
?
An.
In
my
conceite
the
life
of
Frogs
;
for
they
having
liquor
enough
,
yet
croake
for
more
,
that
is
,
for
fresh
raine
.
Quest.
How
is
it
that
Wine
workes
contrary
and
different
effects
in
the
drinkers
?
An.
The
Sunne
melts
the
Ice
,
and
hardens
〈◊〉
,
by
the
diversity
of
the
subject
whereon
it
operateth
.
So
Wine
,
not
of
its
owne
Nature
,
but
by
the
nature
of
the
bodies
into
which
it
is
powred
,
they
being
not
all
of
one
temper
,
workes
divers
and
different
effects
:
The
melancholy
man
becomes
fearefull
without
any
manifest
cause
,
and
steales
away
,
and
starts
as
fearefull
at
every
noise
:
hee
talkes
of
nothing
but
Ghosts
,
and
dead
men
,
or
on
the
Scripture
;
and
is
never
more
religious
,
than
when
hee
hath
got
a
cup
or
two
.
The
phlegmaticke
becomes
heavy
,
dull
,
and
stupid
:
The
sanguine
hee
laughes
,
sings
,
dances
,
and
spends
himselfe
in
mirth
:
The
Cholericke
hee
puts
all
the
rest
in
a
confusion
,
and
quarrels
:
There
I
leave
him
.
So
Horace
expresseth
these
different
effects
thus
:
Seu
tu
querelas
sive
geris
iocos
,
Seu
rixam
&
insanos
amores
,
Seu
facilem
pia
testa
somnum
.
In
English
thus
:
Whether
a
iest
thou
dost
produce
,
Or
brawles
,
or
love
,
or
sleepe
,
(
sweet
iuyce
)
Yet
still
deare
jug
I
will
thee
hugge
.
Q.
Why
doe
these
men
usual●y
beginne
from
halves
to
whole
ones
,
and
from
pints
to
gallons
?
A.
Not
without
reason
;
for
lesser
draughts
cannot
so
soone
exatiate
as
the
greater
.
Nature
would
bee
disturbed
by
the
greater
quanties
of
draughts
;
but
by
the
lesser
(
as
it
were
by
use
)
it
will
beare
the
greater
;
as
Milo
carryed
his
calfe
,
and
by
continuall
custome
carryed
him
when
hee
was
an
Oxe
.
Q.
What
's
the
reason
,
that
any
of
these
falling
into
a
Dropsie
,
and
being
they
are
full
of
Water
,
yet
are
afflicted
with
an
unquenchable
thirst
?
A.
Because
,
even
that
moysture
to
them
is
salt
,
and
as
it
passeth
not
away
from
them
,
it
corrupts
and
dryeth
the
mouth
of
the
stomacke
;
and
they
are
feverish
likewise
.
Furthermore
,
by
how
much
the
more
big
their
belly
grows
,
the
rest
of
the
body
is
so
much
the
dryer
.
Q.
Why
hath
nature
given
man
a
narrower
&
straighter
belly
,
than
to
other
Creatures
?
A.
That
it
may
teach
us
(
as
Saint
Chrisostome
saith
)
to
bee
(
as
we
ought
)
contented
with
a
little
:
For
many
have
more
hungry
and
bigger
eyes
,
than
their
bellies
.
Hence
is
the
Proverb
,
The
eye
is
bigger
than
the
belly
:
Or
,
'T
is
easier
to
fill
the
belly
than
the
eye
.
Q.
What
,
or
who
are
the
companions
of
Bacchus
?
A.
Pantherae
,
Tigres
,
Bacchum
Satyrique
sequuntur
;
In
vino
feritas
,
iurgia
,
probra
,
Venus
.
In
Enlish
thus
.
Panthers
,
Tigres
,
Satyres
follow
Bacchus
:
Lust
,
fury
,
brawler
,
all
these
by
wine
will
thwacke
us
.
And
herein
is
showne
the
effects
of
Wine
in
the
diversity
of
persons
and
companies
.
By
Panthers
and
Tigres
●s
meant
fury
and
cruelty
,
which
are
,
and
have
beene
often
exemplyfied
by
suddaine
stabbings
,
and
death
on
both
sides
.
By
Venus
and
the
Satyres
,
lust
is
understood
;
for
many
being
well
heated
in
the
Kidneyes
by
Wine
,
are
very
forward
to
that
action
,
all
which
conclude
the
verse
to
bee
Au●henticke
.
Q.
But
who
were
Diogenes
his
Parasites
?
A.
Diogenes
the
Cynike
,
when
he
saw
Mice
come
upon
his
Table
;
said
to
himselfe
;
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
:
Even
Diogenes
himselfe
,
feedes
Parasites
.
Qu.
What
wine
is
best
?
An.
That
which
pleaseth
foure
of
the
Senses
:
The
eyes
by
the
colour
,
the
nose
by
the
fragrancy
,
the
palate
by
the
taste
;
and
the
eares
by
the
good
report
;
for
good
Wine
needes
no
bush
.
Quest.
What
is
wine
good
for
?
An.
It
is
most
usefull
many
wayes
.
First
,
it
makes
a
man
forget
crosses
and
misfortunes
as
a
Poet
sayd
truely
:
Et
jam
deficiens
,
sic
ad
tu●…
verba
revixi
;
Vt
solet
infuso
vena
redire
mero
.
In
English
thus
:
Thy
words
so
cheer'd
this
fainting
heart
of
mine
,
That
't
was
as
briske
as
when
I
drinke
briske
wine
.
Secondly
,
it
causeth
sleep
.
Thirdly
,
it
is
an
Antidote
●gainst
sadnesse
,
and
it
is
as
〈◊〉
were
a
life
to
man
:
It
is
●he
Guardian
of
health
,
it
●omforteth
naturall
heate
,
and
disperseth
it
all
over
the
body
;
it
tempereth
the
cho●●ricke
humours
,
and
ex●ells
them
,
and
melancho●●
in
like
manner
.
Contrawise
,
it
causeth
the
Apo●●exy
,
Crampe
,
Epilepsie
,
●…emicrany
,
stupefactions
,
●●d
cold
passions
by
the
ex●sse
.
Qu.
Whether
doth
the
drin●●…
drink
the
wine
,
or
the
wine
●●e
drinker
?
An.
Both
while
you
have
it
in
the
cup
,
the
Wine
is
in
your
power
:
but
when
you
have
dranke
it
,
you
are
in
the
Wines
.
Quest.
What
is
drunkennesse
?
An.
A
learned
man
speaks
of
it
in
this
manner
:
Drunkennesse
(
saith
hee
)
is
a
complementall
Devill
,
a
sweet
poyson
,
a
pleasing
sinne
,
which
whosoever
hath
,
(
Drunkennesse
he
meaneth
)
hath
not
himselfe
;
and
hee
that
committeth
it
,
committeth
not
that
one
sinne
,
but
he
is
all
sinne
.
A
Drunkard
is
sport
for
the
Devill
,
a
laughter
to
the
World
,
a
beast
to
himselfe
,
and
fall
so
often
in
jest
,
that
at
the
last
he
falls
forever
.
Qu.
Whether
can
those
sins
which
are
committed
by
a
drunken
man
,
be
any
wayes
excused
?
An.
Aristotle
asketh
this
same
question
,
and
answereth
himselfe
thus
:
Hee
that
being
drunke
,
committeth
any
fact
,
ought
to
be
doublely
punished
,
as
well
for
being
drunke
,
as
for
committing
the
fact
.
Qu.
Can
there
be
no
remedy
for
this
,
nor
cure
for
such
a
disease
?
An.
Plautus
was
of
opinion
,
that
it
were
as
easie
to
make
Ivory
black
with
Inke
,
which
cannot
hee
,
as
to
prescribe
a
meane
to
these
men
.
And
Horace
was
of
opinion
,
that
a
man
were
as
well
able
to
part
two
Bulls
in
sight
,
as
to
stint
two
drunkards
of
their
liquor
.
But
in
ancient
times
amongst
the
Persians
it
was
forbidden
by
the
law
,
that
no
man
should
urge
or
force
another
to
drink
more
,
than
what
himselfe
thought
fit
:
Which
law
,
if
it
were
in
force
in
these
dayes
,
many
inconveniences
would
bee
prescinded
and
taken
away
,
and
many
lives
saved
.
Q.
What
was
the
reason
,
that
the
Ancients
alwaies
brought
in
the
picture
of
death
at
their
merry
meetings
?
A.
That
thereby
they
might
containe
themselves
within
the
limits
of
judgement
,
sence
,
and
understanding
.
Of
discord
and
fighting
.
Qu.
OF
what
is
man
most
in
danger
?
A.
Of
what
he
ought
not
;
(
that
is
to
say
)
of
man
▪
For
Home
homini
Lupus
:
Man
to
man
is
a
Wolfe
:
No
evill
more
frequent
,
and
none
more
forcible
;
stormes
have
their
presages
,
buildings
crack
before
they
fall
,
and
smoak
foretels
fire
:
But
the
destruction
of
man
and
man
,
is
most
commonly
suddain
,
is
more
closely
carryed
,
by
how
much
the
more
neare
it
is
;
for
many
have
the
shape
of
man
,
but
the
cruelty
of
beasts
themselves
.
Q.
How
may
a
man
best
revenge
himselfe
?
A.
First
,
if
hee
shew
himselfe
to
be
good
and
honest
.
Secondly
,
if
he
seeke
no
revenge
;
whereupon
S.
Chrysostome
saith
,
If
thou
wilt
bee
revenged
,
be
silent
,
and
by
that
thou
woundest
deeply
.
For
it
is
a
great
vertue
,
if
thou
hurtest
not
him
by
whom
thou
art
hurt
:
it
is
valour
and
fortitude
if
thou
being
hurt
,
dost
remit
,
and
forgive
it
;
and
it
is
a
great
glory
,
if
thou
forgivest
him
,
whom
thou
canst
hurt
,
and
wilt
not
:
for
Posse
,
&
nolle
nobile
est
.
Q.
By
whom
is
a
man
most
hurt
?
A.
By
himselfe
.
It
is
an
old
saying
,
but
a
wise
one
:
Nemo
laeditur
wisi
a
seipso
:
no
man
is
hurt
but
by
himselfe
.
By
the
example
of
Iob
,
whom
neither
the
divel
,
enemies
,
friends
,
wife
,
losse
of
goods
and
children
,
affliction
of
diseases
from
top
to
toe
,
from
head
to
heele
,
could
not
hurt
,
but
all
these
were
by
him
overcome
,
in
not
hurting
himselfe
by
impatience
.
Q.
What
hard
thing
is
broken
by
softnesse
?
A.
St.
Chysostome
answereth
,
Oratione
molli
ossa
confringi
:
That
bones
themselves
are
broken
by
softnesse
,
id
est
,
gentlenesse
of
speech
:
and
Frangitur
ira
gravis
,
Si
sit
responsio
suavis
.
In
English
.
Anger
fierce
and
wild
,
Is
tam'd
by
answers
mild
.
Qu.
What
are
the
best
and
worst
manners
of
requitals
?
A.
Five
,
as
I
observe
.
Not
to
requite
a
good
with
good
is
evill
;
Bad
to
requite
with
bad
,
's
a
tricke
o'
th'
Devill
;
Bad
to
requite
for
good
,
is
most
unjust
;
Good
to
requite
for
good
,
is
good
and
just
;
But
good
for
ill
is
best
,
so
judge
we
must
.
Q.
Which
of
the
two
is
more
sufferable
,
a
Tyrant
,
or
hangman
?
A.
It
is
an
easie
question
,
and
yet
a
question
:
Antisthenes
the
Philosopher
was
of
opinion
in
behalfe
of
the
Hangman
.
For
saith
hee
,
the
Hangman
kills
the
nocent
,
but
the
Tyrant
the
innocent
:
Of
Money
.
Qu.
WHat
,
and
whence
is
money
?
A.
Let
her
speak
her selfe
,
for
when
shee
speakes
,
all
mouths
are
stopt
:
nay
,
can
perswade
more
by
silence
,
than
Cicero
could
with
his
Eloquence
,
yet
this
she
sayes
of
her selfe
:
Terra
fui
primum
,
latebris
abscondita
diris
:
Nunc
aliud
regnum
flamma
nomenque
dederunt
:
Nec
jam
terra
vocor
,
licet
en
me
terra
paretur
.
In
English
thus
:
I
first
was
earth
,
enclosed
deepe
in
ground
,
The
fire
for
me
another
name
hath
found
,
Through
earth
the
earth
I
sway
where
I
abound
.
Of
Meteors
.
Qu.
WHat
is
the
reason
of
the
Meteors
?
An.
The
word
Meteor
signifies
a
thing
drawne
,
or
lifted
up
on
high
,
because
these
imperfect
bodies
are
engendred
of
exhalations
,
or
of
vapors
of
the
earth
&
water
,
and
those
are
called
Meteors
:
and
seeing
that
they
are
engendred
not
onely
on
high
,
but
also
below
,
and
within
the
concavities
of
the
earth
,
those
that
write
of
this
subject
are
very
different
in
opinion
.
Qu.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
sometimes
we
seeme
to
see
the
Starres
fall
?
An.
Those
are
not
Stars
,
but
Meteors
caused
of
exhalations
,
which
being
not
great
in
quantity
,
and
drawne
up
to
the
lower
Region
of
the
Ayre
,
taking
fire
,
fall
in
the
likenesse
of
a
Starre
.
Q.
What
is
the
cause
of
the
Ignis
fatuus
,
that
either
goes
before
,
or
follows
a
man
in
the
night
?
An.
It
is
caused
of
a
great
and
well
compacted
exhalation
,
and
being
kindled
,
it
stands
in
the
aire
,
and
by
the
mans
motion
the
Ayre
is
moved
,
and
the
fire
by
the
Ayre
,
and
so
goes
before
,
or
follows
a
man
:
and
these
kind
of
fires
or
Meteors
are
bred
neare
Execution
places
,
or
Church-yards
,
or
great
Kitchins
,
where
viscous
or
slimy
matter
and
vapours
abound
in
great
quantity
.
Of
Hayle
.
Q.
WHat
is
to
be
thought
the
cause
of
Hayle
?
Ans.
When
by
vertue
of
the
Sunne
and
Starres
a
vapour
is
elevated
,
it
ascends
to
the
middle
Region
of
the
Ayre
,
but
enters
no
farther
;
which
the
environing
cold
by
reason
of
its
thinnesse
penetrateth
,
and
driving
out
the
warmth
,
beginnes
to
turne
the
parts
of
the
vapour
into
water
,
and
to
thicken
it
;
but
the
cold
(
because
it
is
great
)
congeleth
those
parts
already
turned
into
drops
,
and
fluide
into
a
hardnesse
,
and
generates
a
greater
or
lesser
Hayle
according
to
the
diversity
of
the
cold
and
the
vapour
.
Sometimes
also
a
vapour
in
the
middle
Region
of
the
Ayre
is
converted
into
drops
,
which
in
falling
are
congeled
in
the
lowest
Region
of
the
Ayre
by
.
Q.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
this
watry
impression
is
more
frequent
in
the
Spring
,
than
in
any
other
time
of
the
yeere
?
A.
Because
the
Spring
is
hot
and
moist
by
its
temperature
,
and
by
consequence
most
apt
for
the
generating
and
elevating
of
vapors
.
For
Summer
being
hot
and
dry
,
dryeth
up
,
and
exhausteth
the
vapors
.
Winter
is
cold
,
and
dry
;
Autumne
likewise
cold
,
but
moist
,
and
these
two
last
Quarters
of
the
yeere
many
times
permit
not
the
vapors
to
bee
dissolved
:
For
the
materia
of
the
hayle
is
very
hot
,
and
therefore
thinne
and
rare
;
and
is
the
sooner
penetrable
and
convertible
by
the
encompassing
cold
.
By
the
same
reason
it
is
,
that
warme
water
in
Winter
will
sooner
be
frozen
than
cold
.
Of
the
small
Hayle
,
and
Snow
.
Q.
WHerefore
is
it
,
that
in
March
the
Haile
is
usually
smaller
than
at
other
times
?
A.
Their
generation
is
the
same
,
but
in
quantity
,
of
heate
different
;
for
being
elevated
up
into
the
middle
middle
region
of
the
Aire
,
but
in
a
lower
place
than
the
greater
Hayle
,
and
by
the
cold
being
converted
into
droppes
,
which
are
congealed
extrinsecally
before
their
fall
into
the
forme
of
Haile
;
but
intrinsecally
,
or
inwardly
,
by
reason
of
the
defect
of
cold
they
are
softer
,
and
of
the
nature
and
quality
of
snow
.
Q.
Whence
then
proceedes
the
snow
?
A.
Out
of
a
hot
and
moyst
vapour
drawne
up
to
the
lower
part
of
the
middle
Region
of
the
aire
,
into
which
vapour
the
encompassing
cold
entereth
,
by
the
reason
of
the
vapors
thinnenesse
,
melts
it
into
water
,
and
congeleth
it
in
time
into
the
similitude
of
tosed
Wooll
;
yet
many
times
the
snow
while
it
falls
through
the
lowest
part
of
the
aire
,
is
dissolved
into
raine
,
by
reason
of
warmth
being
then
there
:
and
thence
it
happeneth
,
that
at
one
and
the
selfe
same
time
,
snow
falls
on
the
hills
,
and
raine
in
the
valleyes
.
Of
Raine
.
Qu.
WHence
is
the
raine
produced
and
generated
?
A.
When
by
the
vertue
of
the
Sunne
,
and
other
Astres
or
Starres
,
a
hot
,
moyst
,
fumous
,
and
grosse
vapour
is
drawne
up
to
the
upper
part
of
the
lower
,
or
to
the
lower
part
of
the
middle
Region
of
the
ayre
,
and
is
dissolved
into
a
cloud
,
and
the
cloud
into
water
,
and
by
its
weightinesse
tending
to
its
center
,
fals
,
as
being
of
a
watry
substance
,
and
falls
in
drops
upon
the
earth
,
and
falling
in
greater
drops
,
it
is
commonly
called
a
shower
,
but
falling
in
a
lesse
ponderous
manner
,
and
with
longer
continuation
,
we
cal
it
raine
.
Q.
Whence
is
it
,
that
sometimes
the
raine
seemeth
to
be
red
A.
By
the
reason
of
anadust
and
dry
earthlinesse
,
which
is
mingled
with
the
vapours
that
are
elevated
in
a
time
of
warmth
.
Of
Dew
.
Qu.
WHence
then
,
hath
the
dew
its
causes
A.
The
Dew
is
generated
by
a
vapour
weakly
hot
,
grosse
,
and
moyst
,
which
is
elevated
not
much
from
the
lowest
part
of
the
ayre
,
and
condensated
,
or
thickned
by
the
nightly
cold
,
and
dissolved
into
a
water
;
even
as
in
an
Alembicke
,
the
vapour
a
seending
,
is
converted
into
a
water
:
But
the
Dew
most
commonly
falleth
in
the
evening
,
for
at
that
time
the
lowest
region
of
the
aire
is
of
a
colder
temperature
.
Q.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
sheepefeeding
on
a
Dew
fallen
on
the
grasse
,
dye
of
the
rot
?
A.
When
a
vapour
participates
much
of
the
ayry
moysture
;
(
which
is
slimy
and
sweete
)
and
is
dissolved
into
a
Dew
,
and
falling
upon
the
grasse
and
hearbs
,
by
the
operation
of
the
Sunne
,
the
watry
part
is
exhaled
,
leaving
a
kinde
of
mealy
substance
,
like
a
Sugar
upon
the
leaves
of
trees
and
herbage
,
and
that
is
our
now
Manna
.
And
by
the
selfe
same
causes
Laudanum
is
also
generated
in
the
Aire
.
The
sheepe
then
being
much
taken
with
the
sweetnesse
,
eate
beyond
their
measure
,
and
surfet
;
whereupon
the
gall
being
over-filled
with
choler
,
(
this
kinde
of
dew
▪
breeding
it
in
them
so
abundantly
)
breakes
,
and
that
bile
or
choler
,
gnawes
and
corrupts
the
Liver
,
the
Liver
the
Blood
,
and
the
Blood
the
whole
Body
.
Sometimes
,
by
the
meanes
of
this
Dew
,
the
Liver
is
oppilated
,
obstructed
or
stopped
,
which
is
the
cause
of
a
generall
disease
and
death
in
the
flock
.
Albertus
Magnus
testifieth
himselfe
,
to
have
seene
these
experiences
.
Of
Frost
.
Q.
WHence
proceedes
the
Frost
?
A.
Almost
in
the
same
manner
it
is
generated
as
the
Dew
,
I
say
almost
,
because
a
greater
and
more
intense
cold
is
required
for
the
production
of
the
frost
,
than
of
the
Dew
,
that
it
may
not
onely
dissolve
the
hot
vapour
into
water
,
but
also
congeale
it
when
it
is
dissolved
.
Of
Springs
and
Fountaines
.
Qu.
WHence
have
Fountains
and
Springs
their
beginnings
?
A.
The
earth
in
its
womb
hath
many
concavityes
,
and
hollow
veines
and
passages
,
in
which
,
(
because
nothing
can
be
empty
)
certaine
vapours
being
raised
from
the
earth
,
are
dissolved
into
water
,
and
sticking
to
the
sides
of
those
veines
,
destill
into
drops
,
&
cause
little
streams
,
which
meeting
together
from
all
those
parts
in
a
lower
place
,
make
a
current
,
and
breaking
forth
make
a
spring
.
Qu.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
some
springs
are
constant
,
and
some
increase
in
the
Winter
,
and
decay
in
Summer
?
An.
By
the
reason
of
the
disposition
of
the
place
of
their
beginning
,
and
mutation
of
the
qualities
.
For
the
more
solid
Hills
,
whose
secret
passages
the
exteriour
ayre
cannot
easily
penetrate
,
doe
utter
more
constantly
their
waters
:
for
the
former
vapours
being
dissolved
into
a
fluent
liquor
,
and
that
there
may
not
bee
a
vacuum
,
or
emptinesse
,
other
vapours
succeed
,
and
are
likewise
dissolved
.
But
the
Hills
that
are
porous
,
that
have
open
orifices
,
or
passages
for
the
exterior
ayre
to
penetrate
,
especially
in
Summer
,
doe
not
containe
the
vapors
,
for
they
are
dryed
up
by
the
exsiccating
quality
of
the
Ayre
.
Q.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
the
springs
are
warme
in
winter
,
and
cooler
in
summer
?
A.
The
cause
is
from
the
fortification
of
the
coldnesse
of
the
cavernes
and
holes
within
the
earth
.
For
in
winter
,
when
the
pores
of
the
earth
are
stopped
up
by
the
exterior
cold
,
and
the
hot
exhalations
not
finding
a
way
out
,
are
there
detained
,
and
warme
the
vapours
,
the
vapours
consequently
the
waters
,
in
so
much
that
they
are
usually
seene
reake
,
&
smoake
:
but
in
Summer
the
pores
being
open
,
the
exhalations
easily
passe
,
and
are
drawne
out
.
And
the
coldnes
of
the
cavernes
kept
in
by
Antiperistasis
by
the
exteriour
heate
,
cooleth
the
vapours
and
waters
.
Q.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
the
Bath
is
so
warme
and
coole
,
and
so
different
in
qualities
?
A.
The
reason
and
resolution
of
this
question
Philosophy
gives
,
affirming
in
generall
,
that
those
Baths
which
are
warme
,
receive
their
heate
by
passing
through
the
veines
of
sulphury
,
and
burning
Mineralls
.
But
the
diversity
of
the
Springs
proceeds
from
the
various
and
divers
permixtion
of
the
first
qualities
,
by
the
concurse
of
the
influences
,
also
by
reason
of
the
diversity
of
the
Minerals
and
earths
by
which
they
passe
.
But
to
give
a
reason
for
the
strange
effects
and
qualities
of
some
waters
,
it
is
very
difficult
,
referring
that
to
the
hand
Omnipotent
.
Qu.
Which
kind
of
waters
are
thought
to
bee
purest
and
best
?
An.
Those
that
are
lighter
in
weight
,
purer
in
substance
,
not
standing
,
but
continually
running
over
a
pure
earth
towards
the
East
:
and
therefore
these
kind
of
waters
are
more
usefull
in
medicine
than
any
other
,
by
reason
of
their
purity
and
vertue
.
Q.
Whence
then
are
the
Rivers
caused
?
An.
The
causes
of
Rivers
in
respect
of
their
beginnings
,
are
the
same
with
the
springs
:
A
River
is
made
by
the
concourse
of
divers
waters
,
as
from
the
spring
Ior
and
Dan
,
which
issue
out
at
the
foote
of
Libanus
,
the
river
Iordan
is
produced
,
&
so
likewise
many
famous
rivers
have
their
like
beginnings
and
denominations
;
and
all
these
run
into
the
vast
body
of
the
devouring
sea
.
Of
the
Sea
.
Qu.
WHerefore
is
it
,
that
the
water
of
the
sea
is
so
salt
?
A.
It
is
a
generall
opinion
,
that
the
saltnesse
of
the
sea
proceedeth
from
the
mixture
of
the
adust
terrene
drynesse
,
elevated
by
the
power
of
the
Sunne
,
and
mingled
with
the
moyst
vapours
that
fall
into
the
Sea
,
and
by
the
same
reason
,
the
water
that
is
streined
&
dreaned
through
ashes
,
becomes
bitter
:
moreover
,
the
heate
of
the
Sunne
continually
raiseth
the
sweeter
and
lighter
Waters
,
leaving
the
terrestriall
earthinesse
.
But
the
Rivers
that
runne
out
of
the
Sea
,
and
(
as
it
were
)
are
streyned
through
sands
and
earth
,
flow
not
to
us
salt
or
bitter
,
but
become
sweet
,
leaving
their
salt
qualitie
in
the
earth
,
and
sand
behinde
them
;
and
returning
againe
into
the
sea
,
do
much
temper
and
abate
the
saltnes
thereof
:
but
many
are
of
opinion
,
that
it
was
salt
in
its
first
creation
.
Q.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
the
sea
ebs
and
flowes
?
A.
The
cause
hereof
is
attributed
to
the
Mistresse
of
moysture
,
the
Moone
:
for
at
her
increase
or
decrease
,
it
is
certaine
that
the
humours
almost
of
all
things
doe
change
and
alter
.
Wherupon
the
Moon
running
under
the
Sun
,
(
which
happeneth
in
her
change
)
the
light
of
both
being
hindred
,
cannot
subtiliate
the
ayre
,
which
being
grossened
,
is
turned
to
water
,
and
the
encrease
of
the
Sea
is
augmented
in
substance
,
&
a
flowing
must
necessarily
follow
:
but
the
Moone
being
in
opposition
of
the
Sunne
,
(
which
happeneth
in
her
ful
)
disperseth
her
light
all
over
the
inferiour
bodies
:
neither
is
she
a
hindrance
to
the
Sun
,
for
the
imparting
his
light
and
power
to
the
Sea
;
and
hereupon
the
water
of
the
Sea
,
which
by
the
reason
of
its
grossenesse
contayneth
vapours
,
becomes
thinne
,
ascends
and
flowes
like
the
droppes
of
warme
Milke
;
and
this
encrease
is
not
in
substance
,
but
by
accident
,
by
the
rarefaction
:
But
in
the
interposed
quartiles
of
the
Moone
,
the
Sea
encreaseth
and
decreaseth
by
the
like
causes
.
In
the
first
quartile
the
Sea
decreaseth
:
in
the
second
it
increaseth
accidentally
by
the
way
of
rarefaction
:
In
the
third
it
decreaseth
by
the
rarefaction
,
by
the
decreasing
of
the
light
:
In
the
fourth
the
Moone
comming
nearer
the
Sunne
,
the
substance
of
the
Sea
againe
increaseth
by
the
thickenning
of
the
ayre
.
As
for
the
foure
quarters
of
the
day
naturall
,
the
Sea
imitates
the
motion
of
the
Moone
:
For
while
the
Moone
upon
the
Horizon
ascends
towards
the
middle
of
the
Heaven
,
the
Sea
increaseth
and
floweth
:
But
the
Moone
declining
from
the
middle
of
the
Heaven
towards
the
West
,
the
Sea
decreaseth
,
and
ebbes
.
Againe
,
the
Moone
going
forward
to
the
West-ward
,
towards
the
corner
of
the
night
,
the
Sea
increaseth
,
and
flowes
:
but
the
Moone
ascending
from
the
corner
of
the
night
towards
the
East
,
it
decreaseth
and
ebbes
.
Which
when
the
Grand
Syre
of
Philosophy
,
Aristotle
could
not
comprehend
and
conceive
,
cast
himselfe
into
the
Sea
,
saying
,
If
Aristotle
cannot
comprehend
Euripe
,
Euripe
shall
comprehend
Aristotle
.
Of
the
Earthquake
.
Qu.
WHerefore
is
it
,
that
the
Earth
many
times
trembles
,
which
we
commonly
call
Earthquakes
?
An.
When
in
the
bowels
and
entrailes
of
the
Earth
a
great
abundance
of
vapours
being
included
,
cannot
finde
away
out
,
in
the
day
time
by
the
Sunne
are
warmed
and
subtiliated
,
and
in
the
night
are
againe
grossened
by
the
cold
,
and
being
moved
by
both
these
meanes
,
seeking
a
vent
,
they
shake
the
sides
of
the
earth
,
and
cavernes
,
or
hollow
places
,
and
many
times
breake
it
,
and
make
it
tremble
,
but
oftener
in
the
night
:
And
if
they
finde
no
issue
,
many
times
they
raise
the
earth
in
the
manner
of
a
hill
;
where
if
a
rupture
be
made
,
they
cast
out
ashes
and
stones
,
and
cause
as
it
were
Abysses
,
and
bottomlesse
places
:
which
happening
neare
unto
Rivers
,
they
swallow
them
up
for
a
certaine
distance
:
but
if
these
vapours
happen
under
the
current
it selfe
,
they
force
the
water
over
the
bankes
,
and
cause
a
particular
deluge
and
inundation
.
Qu.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
generally
the
Pestilence
follows
Earth
quakes
?
An.
These
vapours
and
spirits
thus
enclosed
,
if
they
be
venemous
,
and
break
out
,
they
infect
and
corrupt
the
Ayre
;
whence
in
the
places
where
this
happeneth
,
a
particular
Pestilence
must
of
necessity
follow
,
and
mortality
.
Of
Windes
.
Q.
WHence
hath
the
winde
its
production
?
An.
The
Winde
is
a
cold
and
dry
exhalation
,
moved
up
and
downe
laterally
about
the
earth
:
For
when
it
is
hot
,
it
strives
to
passe
through
the
regions
of
the
ayre
:
but
the
cold
of
the
middle
region
of
the
ayre
meeting
with
it
,
beares
it
downe
;
which
exhalation
(
by
reason
of
the
heat
that
is
detained
in
it
by
its
earthinesse
)
reascends
,
and
is
againe
by
the
cold
with
violence
cast
down
towards
the
earth
.
But
through
the
heate
by
which
it
alwayes
tends
upward
,
&
likewise
through
the
meeting
of
other
exhalations
,
it
is
not
moved
directly
towards
the
face
of
the
earth
,
but
side-long
,
and
that
is
called
Winde
.
Q.
Whence
is
the
whirlwind
?
An.
When
two
opposite
Winds
,
equall
in
force
,
doe
meete
,
oppose
each
other
,
either
the
one
is
repercussed
or
driven
backe
;
or
descending
from
above
downward
,
and
hath
another
wind
in
encounter
which
is
ascending
,
and
so
by
their
contention
turne
round
,
and
take
up
with
them
wooll
,
straw
leaves
,
&
the
like
.
By
the
opposite
winds
are
meant
,
those
that
have
their
beginning
from
divers
parts
of
the
earth
,
as
East
West
,
&c.
which
are
the
foure
principall
.
And
by
the
encounter
of
an
East
and
South-winde
,
a
South-east
winde
blowes
,
and
so
of
the
rest
.
Of
Thunder
,
and
Lightning
.
Qu.
WHerefore
is
it
,
that
thunder
maketh
a
sound
so
terrible
?
An.
By
the
reason
of
the
violent
eruption
through
the
clouds
in
this
manner
:
when
by
the
vertue
of
the
Sunne
and
other
Astres
a
vapour
is
drawne
up
,
and
with
that
an
exhalation
even
to
the
middle
Region
of
the
Ayre
,
the
vapour
including
or
encompassing
the
exhalation
,
thickens
it
into
a
cloud
:
The
exhalation
included
being
pincht
with
the
coldnesse
thereof
,
remaines
within
,
and
fortifies
it selfe
,
and
forcing
it selfe
against
the
sides
of
the
ambient
cloud
,
by
motion
to
an
fro
is
kindled
,
and
not
finding
a
way
out
,
it
violently
breakes
the
cloud
:
and
especially
when
another
cloud
is
above
it
,
and
that
lower
resisteth
more
strongly
;
for
then
the
exhalation
being
not
fired
,
cleaves
the
cloud
,
and
in
the
going
out
,
by
the
vehemency
of
the
motion
enkindles
,
and
so
causeth
the
noise
and
sound
,
and
this
noise
is
called
Thunder
,
and
the
coruscation
or
glittering
is
the
Lightning
,
although
this
bee
at
one
instant
,
yet
we
see
the
Lightning
a
good
while
before
we
heare
the
crack
,
by
reason
of
the
subtilty
of
the
sight
:
and
we
many
times
see
the
fire
,
and
heare
no
sound
,
especially
in
the
evening
in
summer
.
Q.
What
is
the
reason
of
that
?
A.
Because
,
unlesse
the
sound
bee
very
great
,
before
it
comes
to
the
eares
,
it
failes
by
the
way
of
multiplication
,
as
it
comes
through
the
ayre
,
or
by
its
weaknesse
informes
not
the
aire
,
nor
the
aire
our
eares
;
and
that
the
cloud
is
broken
by
the
heating
of
the
exhalation
,
and
by
the
violence
of
the
eruption
through
the
cloud
,
the
sound
or
noyse
is
made
,
which
is
manifested
by
Chest-nuts
roasting
in
the
fire
,
and
by
a
bladder
blowne
full
of
winde
,
which
beeing
violently
pressed
,
breakes
and
gives
a
cracke
.
Q.
Wherefore
is
it
usually
said
;
Winters
thunder
,
and
summers
flood
,
Never
brings
to
England
good
?
A.
Because
that
either
of
them
,
in
the
clymate
being
unnaturall
,
and
out
of
season
,
are
hurtfull
.
For
in
hotter
clymates
thunder
is
frequent
,
by
reason
of
the
heate
there
abounding
,
from
whence
it
is
generated
:
but
Northerne
clymates
,
as
England
is
,
are
of
a
cold
temperature
,
and
so
not
apt
in
Winter
to
breed
such
vapours
and
exhalations
,
by
which
it
is
caused
:
and
that
happening
(
which
is
rare
with
us
)
no
question
but
it
portendeth
an
ill
disposition
of
the
aire
,
which
produceth
divers
effects
,
according
to
the
qualities
thereof
.
But
for
the
summer-floods
,
it
is
aparant
,
that
they
bring
with
them
their
inconveniences
,
as
the
decaying
of
grasse
,
hay
,
corn
,
and
the
like
;
and
sometimes
bears
before
it
edifices
,
bridges
,
mills
,
trees
,
and
many
other
very
prejudiciall
accidents
.
Q.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
the
lightning
is
said
to
goe
with
the
thunder
?
A.
The
Lightning
is
said
to
be
oftententimes
an
exhalation
very
sulphury
and
venemous
,
which
violently
breaking
out
of
the
cloud
,
by
its
force
,
penetrative
power
,
and
subtilty
,
tears
down
trees
,
and
sometimes
fires
them
and
steeples
,
(
as
Paules
was
by
the
melting
of
the
Lead
)
destroying
cattle
,
demolishing
and
consuming
metalls
,
and
whatsoever
resisteth
it
;
and
sometimes
a
bolt
comes
with
it
,
which
by
the
power
of
the
fire
and
influences
,
being
decocted
out
of
a
vapour
,
and
an
exhalation
both
terrestriall
and
mineral
,
&
breaking
through
the
cloud
,
is
,
as
it
were
,
shot
directly
downewards
,
and
sometimes
breakes
downe
Walls
,
and
bringing
with
it
many
sorts
of
disastres
.
The
Whiteway
.
Qu.
WHat
is
that
,
which
in
a
faire
night
is
seen
in
the
heaven
like
a
broad
path
?
A.
To
omit
the
erroneous
opinions
of
the
Ancients
,
it
is
now
generally
held
,
that
that
whitenesse
,
which
appeares
in
a
bending
length
in
cleare
nights
,
and
faire
,
proceedes
from
a
confused
light
of
many
little
stars
,
which
are
in
a
small
part
of
the
heaven
,
and
the
weaknesse
of
our
sight
being
not
able
to
perceive
them
,
by
reason
of
the
great
distance
of
the
Firmament
where
they
are
fixed
,
we
discerne
not
them
,
but
their
confused
light
;
and
then
it
can
be
no
Meteor
,
as
some
held
.
Of
Apparitions
in
the
Aire
.
Q.
WHerefore
is
it
,
that
sometimes
there
appear
strange
colors
in
the
aire
?
A.
The
diversity
of
colors
which
seeme
in
the
aire
,
proceed
by
reason
of
a
thick
and
dark
cloud
,
which
is
interposed
betweene
our
view
and
certaine
burning
exhalations
;
so
that
when
wee
see
these
flames
through
the
cloude
,
it
seemes
to
us
to
be
of
divers
colors
,
but
most
commonly
red
,
and
sometimes
blew
,
when
the
cloud
is
more
moyst
:
which
colours
are
caused
by
the
confusion
of
light
and
darknes
;
as
we
ordinarily
see
by
experience
in
our
fires
:
for
if
the
smoak
be
grosse
&
thick
,
the
flame
passing
through
it
,
shewes
us
the
like
colors
.
It
appears
also
in
the
necke
of
a
Pigeon
,
or
a
Peacocke
,
or
in
mingled
colourd
silke
,
for
al
these
things
seem
of
another
different
colour
,
according
to
the
reflection
of
the
light
.
Q.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
the
Heaven
sometimes
seeme
to
be
all
of
a
flame
?
A.
Because
of
the
fiery
matter
which
is
above
the
cloud
through
which
we
looke
,
be
great
in
quantity
and
thinne
,
it
seemes
to
us
also
,
that
the
whole
heaven
is
flaming
;
and
if
it
bee
very
crasse
and
thicke
,
it
appeares
to
us
to
be
like
blood
.
Q.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
sometimes
wee
heare
divers
noyses
,
and
sounds
above
in
the
Aire
?
A.
Without
doubt
,
that
happeneth
in
the
aire
,
when
the
exhalation
detained
&
enclosed
in
the
cold
clouds
,
makes
a
way
out
by
breaking
and
tearing
the
cloud
,
as
wee
said
before
of
thunder
.
Neverthelesse
,
fearful
,
ignorant
,
and
superstitious
people
beleeve
,
that
it
is
the
very
sound
of
a
Trumpet
or
Drumme
,
as
the
true
messengers
of
great
warres
presently
to
ensue
,
and
seeme
to
see
certaine
troupes
of
Horsemen
ranged
in
Batallia
,
and
many
other
terrible
things
according
to
the
feare
or
apprehension
which
they
conceive
.
Qu.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
circles
are
often
seene
about
the
Moone
,
and
other
Astres
?
An.
The
circle
that
is
many
times
seene
about
the
Sunne
,
and
Moone
,
and
other
Starres
,
proceeds
from
a
cloud
which
is
equally
condensed
or
thickened
,
but
somewhat
thinne
;
and
being
justly
interposed
betweene
the
Moone
and
our
view
,
the
Moone
darting
her
rayes
through
the
cloud
,
causeth
an
apparition
of
a
round
circle
,
in
a
similitude
of
her
owne
rotundity
,
which
the
Greekes
call
Halo
:
but
if
the
interposed
mist
or
cloud
doe
not
cover
(
as
it
were
)
the
whole
face
of
the
Astre
,
it
appeares
but
as
a
semicircle
.
Qu.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
sometimes
a
plurality
of
Suns
and
Moones
doe
appeare
?
An.
The
reason
of
this
is
,
that
when
a
cloud
is
obliquely
and
not
directly
opposed
,
being
humide
,
very
watry
,
and
disposed
to
be
dissolved
into
raine
,
and
by
this
meanes
being
of
an
equality
,
united
,
and
susceptible
of
the
impression
of
the
figures
;
as
a
Looking-glasse
,
upon
which
the
Sunne
or
Moone
giving
a
reflection
,
makes
a
native
resemblance
and
figure
of
them
,
so
that
likewise
by
the
reflection
against
the
cloud
,
wee
can
hardly
discerne
which
is
which
,
or
the
one
from
the
other
.
But
this
can
not
be
without
a
great
disposition
in
the
cloud
;
for
if
it
be
too
thicke
,
the
rayes
of
the
Astres
could
not
illuminate
it
;
and
if
it
be
too
thinne
and
rare
,
they
would
penetrate
and
dissipate
it
.
Pliny
writes
,
Qu.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
these
circles
are
seene
oftener
about
the
Moone
than
the
Sunne
?
An.
Because
the
rayes
of
the
Sunne
being
of
a
greater
vigour
and
power
than
those
of
the
Moone
,
doe
more
easily
dissipate
and
disperse
those
kind
of
mists
or
clouds
.
Of
the
Raine-bow
.
Qu.
WHence
is
the
Rain-bow
so
called
?
An.
The
Greeks
tearme
it
Iris
,
which
name
the
Latins
also
use
;
and
as
by
isidore
it
is
Etymologised
quasiaëris
,
and
by
us
,
it
is
by
the
reason
of
similitude
or
likenesse
tearmed
a
Raine-bow
,
quasi
Rainy-bow
;
which
seemed
so
admirable
,
that
the
Ancients
called
it
,
The
daughter
of
Admiration
.
Q.
What
is
the
cause
of
the
Raine
bow
,
and
diversity
of
its
colours
?
A.
The
Raine-bow
presents
it selfe
in
the
aire
,
when
we
perceive
the
Sun
through
a
somewhat
thicke
,
but
a
transparant
cloud
towards
us
,
by
the
reason
it
is
dewy
,
and
disposed
to
bee
melted
into
raine
,
but
grosse
towards
the
Sunne
,
so
that
his
raies
cannot
penetrate
it
;
for
in
this
manner
,
wee
see
three
principall
colours
,
Orange
colour
,
green
,
and
purple
;
and
by
the
mixture
and
confusion
of
these
colors
,
by
reason
of
the
reflection
of
the
light
of
the
Sun
,
and
our
aspect
,
others
confusedly
likewise
are
represented
:
even
as
I
said
before
in
the
Apparitions
in
the
ayre
;
that
upon
the
neck
of
a
Pigeon
,
or
Peacock
,
or
of
a
changeable
Taffety
,
according
to
the
postures
they
are
in
,
in
the
way
of
reflection
of
the
light
.
Q.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
sometimes
two
or
three
Raine-bowes
are
seene
at
one
time
?
A.
Because
when
the
cloud
is
very
cleare
and
Christalline
,
it
accidentally
happens
,
that
by
the
reflection
of
the
light
,
two
opposite
,
and
variegate
Raine-bowes
also
appeare
in
the
Ayre
:
but
this
happens
rather
,
when
the
Sunne
darts
his
splendour
upon
two
Cloudes
,
and
both
disposed
to
receive
the
same
impressions
:
so
that
sometimes
a
third
Raine-bow
is
seene
meerely
by
the
reflection
of
the
first
or
second
,
or
both
:
But
those
that
take
their
reflections
from
the
first
,
have
their
colours
far
more
dimme
,
nothing
so
quick
norlively
as
that
which
takes
its
first
reflection
from
the
Sunne
.
Q.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
the
Raine-bow
appeare
but
in
a
semicircle
,
and
not
wholly
round
?
A.
Because
the
Sunne
illuminates
the
cloud
circularly
,
and
in
the
way
of
rotundity
;
but
not
so
,
that
it
may
perfect
a
circle
,
by
the
reason
of
the
connexity
of
the
Heaven
:
so
that
by
how
much
the
Sun
is
higher
upon
our
Horizon
,
so
much
the
lesse
the
Raine-bow
seemes
:
but
morning
and
evening
it
appeares
greatest
:
And
by
the
same
cause
wee
set
our
shadowes
longer
in
the
morning
and
evening
,
than
at
noone-day
.
Q.
Whether
doth
the
Raine-bow
presage
faire
or
foule
weather
?
A.
The
opinions
concerning
this
point
are
so
divers
and
different
,
Pliny
,
who
in
my
conceit
was
a
more
curious
observer
of
the
incertainty
,
writes
,
that
it
neither
promiseth
certainely
raine
,
nor
certainely
faire
weather
,
but
if
it
be
double
,
or
two
,
it
will
bee
attended
with
raine
.
And
the
reason
hereof
,
I
guesse
,
is
,
that
the
cloud
being
very
humid
and
moist
,
then
when
a
second
Bow
appeares
by
reflexion
,
so
that
it
is
ready
to
melt
into
raine
.
Qu.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
many
mountaines
in
Sicily
,
as
Aetna
,
Naxus
,
Lipara
,
and
Brocano
are
burning
,
and
many
Fountaines
also
?
An.
The
cause
of
such
fires
is
,
that
the
hot
exhalations
being
enclosed
,
and
shut
up
in
the
cavernes
or
dennes
of
the
earth
,
seeking
to
breake
out
by
force
,
kindle
by
their
allision
and
attrition
of
the
earth
,
and
such
hard
bodies
as
they
meete
with
,
and
so
breake
out
in
flames
through
the
crannies
and
chinks
of
the
earth
,
which
of
it selfe
being
sulphury
,
slimy
,
and
oyly
,
and
capable
of
fire
,
is
the
cause
of
the
continuance
of
the
fire
a
long
time
,
casting
up
fire
,
smoake
,
and
ashes
.
As
for
the
Fountaines
,
we
must
presuppose
,
that
they
dreane
through
a
sulphury
earth
,
and
matter
apt
to
burne
,
so
that
the
more
subtile
exhalations
issuing
through
the
hollow
concaves
of
the
earth
,
kindle
as
afore-said
,
and
heate
the
very
waters
,
and
thence
come
our
naturall
Baths
.
Of
Comets
,
or
blazing
Starres
.
Q.
WHerefore
is
it
,
that
many
times
there
appeare
blazing-starres
?
An.
The
Comets
or
blazing-starres
are
of
a
hot
and
dry
matter
,
but
thicke
,
and
(
as
it
were
)
fat
,
oyly
,
viscous
,
and
gluy
,
which
is
the
cause
they
keepe
fire
the
longer
:
and
according
as
it
thickens
more
or
lesse
,
it
is
also
the
more
,
or
lesse
cleare
.
Qu.
Whether
are
they
naturall
Starres
,
orno
?
An.
No
:
although
many
ancient
Philosophers
,
as
Seneca
,
and
others
,
and
the
ignorant
vulgar
to
this
day
esteeme
to
be
naturall
.
For
being
of
a
matter
as
aforesaid
,
elevated
on
high
,
takes
the
resemblance
of
a
celestiall
body
:
and
that
ignorance
is
grosse
;
because
the
Stars
are
in
the
Heavens
,
and
these
in
the
ayre
,
a
great
distance
below
the
Moone
,
and
is
discovered
by
Astronomicall
instruments
.
Moreover
the
Starres
follow
one
certaine
and
infallible
course
and
motion
,
neither
increase
or
diminish
,
nor
change
or
alter
,
as
the
Comets
doe
.
Q
Wherefore
are
they
called
Comets
?
A.
Because
the
word
Comet
signifies
both
in
Greeke
and
Latin
Cometa
,
quasi
stella
Comata
,
that
is
to
say
,
hayry
or
shaggy
,
because
they
have
ordinarily
divers
branches
,
which
by
reason
of
their
height
and
distance
,
seeme
to
us
to
be
no
bigger
than
a
thred
or
haire
.
Q.
What
do
the
Comets
portend
?
A.
There
are
in
the
Comets
two
remarkable
things
:
their
long
continuance
,
and
the
evills
that
they
presage
:
As
for
the
durance
or
continuation
,
it
cannot
bee
determined
how
long
or
short
,
because
that
dependeth
upon
the
matter
already
gathered
together
,
and
raised
up
as
aforesaid
.
Plynies
opinion
is
,
[
*
](A05418-e10670-b)
*
L.
7.
cap.
12.
&
22.
nat.
q.
Seneca
remarks
that
in
Nero's
time
,
there
appeared
a
Comet
for
the
space
of
6
moneths
;
and
[
*
](A05418-e10700-b)
*
L.
7.
De
bello
Jud.
Iosephus
writeth
,
that
the
Comet
which
threatned
Hierusalems
totall
destruction
,
and
extreame
desolation
,
flamed
over
that
miserable
City
,
a
whole
yeares
space
,
before
Titus
came
before
it
,
and
beleagurd
it
.
Q.
Wherefore
are
they
held
prodigious
?
A.
That
the
Comets
are
prodigious
signes
,
and
presages
of
some
great
Monarch
,
King
,
or
some
great
or
eminent
person
,
of
Pestilence
,
Famine
,
all
Authors
of
note
have
ever
observed
it
:
yea
,
even
the
Vulgar
it selfe
holds
this
for
such
a
certainty
,
that
in
Nero's
time
,
a
Comet
beginning
to
appeare
,
Carolus
Murtellus
against
the
Sarracens
,
where
there
were
of
the
Sarracens
more
than
365000
slaine
,
two
Comets
appeared
,
one
which
followed
the
Sunne
rising
,
and
another
the
Sunne
setting
in
the
evening
:
and
because
Histories
are
full
of
these
relations
,
it
is
contrary
to
my
intent
to
bee
Historicall
,
but
to
continue
in
the
causes
of
things
Naturall
.
Century
3.
Qu.
BVt
wherfore
is
it
,
that
they
presage
all
these
evills
?
A.
Certainely
this
is
a
great
secret
,
and
to
affirme
securely
,
as
I
thinke
,
wee
must
referre
those
signes
to
the
threatnings
of
divine
vengeance
,
which
gives
us
that
notice
before
it
afflicteth
and
punisheth
us
.
Neverthelesse
,
as
far
as
naturall
reason
dictateth
,
wee
may
say
,
that
the
Comets
cannot
generate
,
nor
be
generated
,
or
be
nourished
and
preserved
any
long
time
,
without
a
very
great
quantity
of
exhalations
,
by
the
attraction
wherof
,
the
earth
is
extreamely
dryed
,
by
the
extream
heat
;
and
inferiour
bodies
also
are
participant
of
that
aridity
,
so
that
a
scarcity
of
fruits
followeth
,
through
the
want
of
necessary
moisture
;
&
thence
famine
,
from
famine
&
dearth
,
an
ill
nourishment
,
from
that
(
the
intemperance
of
the
aire
concurring
also
)
a
general
sicknes
or
Pest
,
and
many
other
maladies
,
and
a
mortality
.
Q.
But
again
,
wherefore
is
that
by
long
experience
of
precedent
ages
,
it
is
observed
,
that
Comets
are
particularly
messengers
of
the
death
of
some
Monarch
,
or
great
personage
?
A.
The
reason
of
this
is
,
either
the
courages
of
great
persons
are
also
more
susceptible
or
capable
of
all
impressions
,
and
by
living
more
delicately
,
are
more
subject
to
sharp
maladies
:
or
else
that
the
death
of
inferior
persons
is
not
so
remarkable
,
as
that
of
Princes
,
and
therefore
they
seeme
to
threaten
them
more
particularly
than
others
.
Of
Minerals
.
Qu.
WHat
is
to
bee
held
,
concerning
those
which
are
called
Minerals
?
A.
This
;
that
there
are
3
principall
sorts
of
Minerals
,
Metals
,
Stones
,
and
a
third
pecies
which
comprehends
many
kinds
of
Minerals
different
one
from
another
;
which
Species
,
as
yet
,
hath
no
name
proper
.
Q.
What
doth
nature
determine
touching
the
generation
of
Metals
?
A.
The
common
matter
of
Metals
are
exhalations
,
and
vapours
inclosed
within
the
entrailes
of
the
earth
,
which
comming
together
,
doe
conglutinate
,
and
adhere
one
to
another
by
cold
,
which
fastneth
stones
,
and
other
hard
and
solid
bodies
one
to
another
:
for
vapors
enclosed
and
condensed
by
cold
,
first
resolve
into
water
,
and
the
exhalations
by
the
means
of
the
heate
of
the
Sun
,
which
penetrates
even
into
the
bowels
of
the
earth
,
a
kind
of
burnt
earth
mingling
with
them
,
and
by
such
concretions
and
mixtures
is
the
generation
of
Metalls
;
which
by
this
meanes
are
nothing
else
,
but
water
condensed
by
cold
with
some
terrene
matter
.
Q.
Wherefore
is
it
then
that
they
are
so
hard
?
An.
That
the
water
giveth
them
the
better
part
of
their
generation
,
it
is
easily
judged
;
because
being
heated
,
they
are
fluide
like
water
,
and
by
cold
they
are
againe
condensed
into
hardnesse
:
And
if
they
were
of
earth
onely
,
they
would
by
fire
become
harder
,
as
earth
doth
.
Qu.
Wherefore
is
it
then
,
that
the
Chynicks
hold
,
that
Metalls
in
generall
are
generated
of
Sulphur
and
Mercury
?
A.
't
is
true
,
they
hold
so
;
and
(
say
they
)
because
they
are
ever
found
in
Mynes
joyning
to
the
Metalls
,
and
moreover
,
that
metalls
are
resolved
into
them
.
But
these
reasons
are
as
fallible
as
their
Authors
:
For
moreover
than
that
,
Sulphur
and
Quicksilver
(
which
they
tearme
their
Mercury
)
are
not
alwayes
found
joyning
with
the
Metalls
;
by
the
same
reason
Stones
,
and
other
minerals
should
bee
the
matter
of
Metalls
.
Qu.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
Metalls
being
melted
,
and
running
,
doe
not
moysten
,
or
wet
,
according
to
their
watry
quality
?
An.
Because
they
participate
with
drought
,
which
hinders
humectation
,
or
moystning
:
and
by
the
same
cause
they
running
over
moysture
,
drinke
up
none
,
because
the
due
mixture
of
droughth
resisteth
it
.
There
are
many
curious
considerations
upon
this
subject
,
concerning
the
third
species
of
Mineralls
,
(
which
are
Sulphur
,
Alume
,
Vitriol
,
Arsenicke
,
Orpment
,
Salts
of
all
sorts
,
as
Salt
,
Saltpetre
,
Salgemme
,
Sal
Armoniack
,
Sal-nitre
,
and
Bitumen
:
also
Christall
,
and
glasse
)
in
many
famous
Authors
,
as
Pliny
l.
33.
&
34.
Albert.
Mag.
demineralib
.
and
Cardanus
lib.
5.
subtil
.
to
whom
I
referre
the
curious
Reader
.
Of
Vegetables
not
sensitive
.
Qu.
WHerefore
are
Hearbes
,
Trees
,
and
the
like
,
tearmed
Vegetables
insensitive
?
An.
Because
they
are
different
from
the
sensitive
,
as
Man
,
and
other
Animals
,
which
are
sensitive
Vegetables
;
which
is
to
say
,
they
have
sence
and
feeling
,
which
the
others
have
not
;
and
that
is
called
Vegetable
,
which
is
capable
of
growth
,
a
terme
common
with
man
,
living
Animals
,
as
Fowles
,
Fishes
,
Beasts
,
and
the
like
;
and
with
Hearbs
,
and
Trees
,
which
have
a
life
proper
to
their
kind
.
Qu.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
earth
being
finely
serced
,
and
sifted
into
a
fine
powder
,
yet
of
its
owne
accord
will
bring
forth
grasse
and
weeds
?
A.
Because
the
celestiall
power
and
influence
ponetrating
the
surface
or
superficies
of
the
earth
,
resolveth
the
more
subtile
parts
(
in
which
the
seminall
force
lyeth
hidden
)
into
a
fume
,
and
condenseth
,
or
thickeneth
them
againe
,
and
transfigureth
them
into
the
species
,
or
shape
of
a
root
;
which
being
infixed
in
the
earth
,
as
within
a
mother
,
by
the
power
of
a
connaturall
and
celestiall
heate
,
altereth
and
changeth
the
humour
of
the
earth
about
it
,
and
attracteth
what
is
convenient
to
its
nature
,
and
converteth
it
into
the
substance
of
Hearbs
,
or
Plants
,
&c.
Qu.
Wherein
doth
their
life
appeare
?
Answer
.
In
this
,
that
the
Roote
to
them
is
as
a
mouth
,
whereby
it
receiveth
food
and
nutriment
;
and
the
pith
as
a
stomack
,
heart
,
and
liver
,
in
which
the
nutriment
is
digested
,
and
disperseth
,
or
scattereth
what
is
digested
,
into
every
part
through
subtile
veines
and
conduits
,
the
stalke
or
stocke
contayning
the
pith
being
the
body
,
and
the
barke
being
a
skinne
to
protect
the
body
.
Qu.
Wherefore
then
are
the
leaves
usefull
to
them
?
An.
Both
for
beauty
,
and
for
defence
,
and
shelter
of
their
fruite
;
and
the
knots
are
as
joynts
for
dangerous
flexibility
by
windes
,
and
the
better
strengthening
of
them
.
Qu.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
Plants
,
Trees
,
and
Hearbs
being
all
of
an
earthly
substance
,
are
neverthelesse
some
of
them
hot
and
moyst
;
which
qualities
are
contrary
to
those
of
the
earth
,
which
are
cold
and
dry
?
An.
Because
,
that
if
you
consider
the
integral
parts
of
them
,
you
shall
finde
them
terrene
in
substance
:
But
if
you
consider
the
virtuall
parts
,
and
the
degrees
of
their
qualities
,
you
shall
finde
some
hot
and
dry
,
some
hot
and
moist
;
some
cold
and
moyst
,
some
cold
and
dry
,
and
that
in
the
first
,
second
,
third
,
and
fourth
degrees
,
according
to
the
intensnesse
or
remisnesse
of
their
qualities
.
Q.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
the
Philosophers
hold
,
that
in
them
there
is
a
distinction
of
sexe
?
An.
Because
(
as
Aristotle
affirmeth
)
in
one
plant
both
sexes
cannot
be
:
So
that
if
a
Bird
should
eate
a
Cherry
,
swallowing
the
stone
also
,
and
should
by
chance
light
upon
the
arme
,
or
bough
of
an
Oake
,
and
voyd
that
stone
whole
and
intire
into
some
chinke
or
cleft
of
the
barke
,
it
may
happen
,
(
as
it
hath
beene
knowne
)
that
that
Cherry-stone
may
shoote
out
,
and
as
it
were
,
engraft
it selfe
,
and
beare
Cherryes
,
and
not
Acorns
.
Of
the
Sperme
or
Seede
.
Q.
WHerefore
is
it
,
that
the
Seede
of
those
creatures
which
have
attained
their
naturall
perfection
,
is
more
proper
and
apt
for
generation
?
A.
Because
the
younger
have
not
yet
done
growing
,
by
which
reason
,
one
part
of
the
best
nutriment
which
is
converted
in
those
that
are
full
growne
,
into
seed
,
in
the
younger
,
turnes
to
growth
:
And
this
also
is
a
cause
,
that
the
seede
of
the
younger
is
more
watry
and
cleare
;
and
that
of
the
perfect
,
more
solide
,
and
therefore
more
apt
for
generation
,
so
that
the
Female
doe
rightly
conceive
and
retaine
it
.
Q.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
amongst
Plants
the
seede
of
one
yeare
,
is
better
than
that
of
two
,
and
that
of
two
,
better
than
that
of
three
,
and
so
consequently
?
An.
Because
the
seed
of
Plants
having
attained
their
perfect
maturity
,
afterwards
become
dry
more
and
more
,
and
by
that
meanes
in
the
end
lose
their
productive
quality
,
and
vertue
;
excepting
that
of
Coriander
,
which
of
two
yeeres
,
is
better
than
that
of
one
.
Qu.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
onely
the
Coriander
is
excepted
?
An.
Because
it
is
covered
with
many
pellicles
,
or
thin
skinnes
,
which
preserve
it
a
longer
time
in
its
perfection
,
reteining
the
moysture
from
evaporating
;
which
cannot
safely
be
used
,
unlesse
it
be
first
prepared
:
and
this
of
two
yeeres
,
is
easier
and
sooner
prepared
,
and
by
consequence
is
the
better
.
Qu.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
those
Plants
that
beare
a
small
seed
,
are
ordinarily
more
fruitfull
?
An.
By
the
reason
that
the
productive
force
,
or
generative
vertue
being
enclosed
,
and
as
it
were
crammed
or
erouded
into
a
small
volume
,
(
as
I
may
say
)
is
so
much
the
more
vigorous
,
and
forcible
:
as
generally
is
observed
in
little
persons
,
who
are
great
in
a
little
volume
,
but
for
the
most
part
full
of
spirit
and
vigour
,
as
one
generally
sayes
of
them
:
Rarò
vidi
procerum
:
sapiextem
,
&
parvum
humilem
.
I
have
seldome
seene
a
tall
man
wise
,
and
a
little
man
humble
.
Qu.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
the
weightier
seeds
are
the
better
?
An.
Because
that
their
weight
shews
,
that
they
are
full
of
good
substance
according
to
their
nature
;
and
the
lighter
,
defective
.
Qu.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
Trees
produced
,
or
sprung
up
from
their
owne
seed
,
are
wilder
,
and
bring
not
forth
fruite
so
faire
,
or
tastfull
as
those
which
are
grafted
?
An.
Because
the
seed
is
farther
from
the
perfection
of
the
Tree
,
than
the
graft
.
For
it
is
a
lesser
change
to
make
the
branch
or
graft
a
Tree
,
than
the
seed
.
Of
Fowles
,
and
Birds
.
Qu.
WHerefore
is
it
,
that
Birds
,
and
Fowles
bring
forth
Egges
,
and
not
their
young
in
shape
as
some
other
animals
doe
?
An.
By
the
reason
that
in
their
generative
coupling
of
the
Male
with
the
Female
,
(
that
matter
being
given
them
by
the
Creator
of
all
)
the
seed
of
the
Hen
,
whose
part
being
more
moyst
;
dilateth
it selfe
to
the
exteriour
or
outward
parts
of
the
shell
,
and
becomes
white
;
and
that
which
is
more
terrene
,
contracts
it selfe
to
its
centre
;
and
becomes
yellow
,
which
wee
call
the
yelke
;
and
these
two
are
divided
by
thinne
skins
for
the
diversity
of
their
nature
.
Although
in
some
,
through
the
weaknesse
of
heate
,
there
is
little
or
no
difference
in
colour
,
especially
in
those
of
Fishes
,
which
have
resemblance
of
Egges
.
Qu.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
egges
are
covered
with
shells
?
An.
In
the
wombe
of
the
Hen
they
have
no
shells
:
because
an
Egge
conceived
by
the
heate
of
the
wombe
,
is
nourished
and
vegetated
till
it
come
to
bee
compleate
:
then
breaking
the
knot
by
which
it
is
tyed
to
the
Matrix
,
it
comes
forth
in
that
order
,
that
the
sharpest
end
which
was
fastened
to
the
knot
,
comes
last
to
facilitate
the
bringing
forth
,
and
that
matter
which
was
formed
for
the
shell
,
is
soft
in
the
wombe
;
but
afterwards
by
cold
after
the
laying
is
condensed
,
and
becomes
hard
.
Qu.
Wherefore
is
the
coupling
of
the
Cocke
necessary
,
when
hens
lay
without
a
cocke
?
An.
Because
without
the
Cocke
(
who
injecteth
the
generative
spirit
and
fruitfulnesse
by
which
the
Egge
is
cherished
for
fructifying
)
nothing
cold
bee
generated
,
although
Hennes
many
times
lay
without
a
Cocke
,
sometimes
by
the
treading
of
another
Henne
;
and
especially
an
Easterne
winde
blowing
,
which
egges
have
only
a
similitude
,
and
are
called
winde-egges
,
but
those
never
productive
.
Q.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
one
Cocko
is
sufficient
for
many
Hens
?
A.
Because
the
Hens
naturally
covet
not
coupling
so
greatly
as
the
Cocke
,
as
it
may
appear
by
her
shunning
him
,
shee
being
of
a
colder
,
and
he
of
a
hotter
temperament
.
Q.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
in
some
one
egge
there
are
two
yelks
?
A.
Because
it
may
happen
,
that
two
Cocks
may
tread
one
and
the
selfe
same
Hen
,
one
immediately
after
the
other
,
and
by
the
aggregation
of
two
severall
spermes
,
two
yelkes
are
conceived
,
and
if
there
by
a
partition
between
the
yelkes
,
it
is
likely
there
will
be
at
winne-chicke
,
if
not
,
a
defective
,
or
a
something
monstrous
bird
.
Q.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
foule
and
brids
make
no
water
,
or
excretion
by
Vrine
?
A.
Because
they
drinke
little
,
and
what
is
superfluous
,
is
converted
to
the
nutriment
of
Plumage
,
of
feathers
and
moreover
,
what
Animal
soever
,
that
never
sucketh
,
maketh
no
excretion
by
urine
.
Of
Aquaticks
,
of
watry
Animals
.
Qu.
WHat
doth
Philosophy
hold
,
concerning
the
generation
of
Fishes
?
A.
This
:
that
those
which
are
of
the
same
kinde
,
couple
not
in
the
way
of
generation
with
any
other
of
another
different
kinde
:
as
the
Perch
not
with
the
Roath
,
nor
the
Roach
with
the
Perch
,
&c.
But
when
they
engender
,
it
is
by
glyding
their
bellies
one
against
the
other
,
with
such
a
celerity
,
that
humane
eye
cannot
perceive
it
:
yet
they
all
abserve
the
sex
and
kinde
,
excepting
the
Lamprey
,
which
at
the
hissing
of
the
Viper
comes
of
shore
,
and
engenders
with
it
:
As
Saint
Ambrose
saith
,
Lib.
5
in
Hexam
.
cap.
7.
Q.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
the
Female
fish
devoureth
a
great
part
of
her
spawne
?
A.
Because
Nature
wisely
so
decreed
it
,
least
the
the
waters
should
bee
overcharged
and
pestered
with
the
infinite
swarmes
of
increase
;
and
it
is
also
observed
,
that
fishes
of
great
bodies
bring
forth
but
a
few
young
.
Q.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
some
doe
increase
,
that
have
no
distinction
of
Sex
.
A.
It
is
true
,
that
the
Eele
hath
no
distinction
of
sexe
,
yet
multiplyeth
exceedingly
;
not
by
coupling
,
but
out
of
a
matter
terrene
,
very
grosse
,
and
fat
,
and
lye
,
as
it
were
in
beddes
,
in
which
such
a
matter
aboundeth
,
prepared
and
aptned
for
their
generation
:
but
the
Sea-Eele
,
or
Conger
,
is
said
to
breede
of
some
small
strings
growing
at
the
feet
of
Rockes
,
which
by
often
and
frequent
attrition
against
the
Rocks
,
caused
by
the
motion
of
the
water
,
at
length
conceiveth
life
:
some
shel
fish
like
wise
,
as
Oysters
,
Mustles
,
Cockles
,
and
the
like
,
are
conceived
out
of
mud
and
putrefaction
,
and
quickned
by
the
Moone
,
whom
they
follow
in
increase
&
decrease
.
Mar.
Phil.
Q.
Wherefore
is
it
commonly
held
,
that
fishes
doe
breath
,
seeing
there
is
no
Aire
in
the
Waters
?
A.
That
opinion
may
bee
common
,
but
very
erroneous
:
for
although
by
opening
and
shutting
their
Gills
,
they
seeme
so
to
doe
,
yet
they
onely
receive
in
the
water
at
the
mouth
,
and
put
it
out
againe
at
their
Gills
,
as
we
draw
the
aire
in
at
the
mouth
,
and
breath
it
up
againe
;
for
the
water
to
them
,
is
as
aire
to
us
;
and
it
appeares
,
that
if
they
breathed
,
they
would
live
longer
out
of
the
water
than
they
doe
:
Neither
have
they
any
lungs
.
Q.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
they
have
blood
?
A.
They
seeme
to
have
blood
,
which
indeed
is
but
a
humour
proportionated
to
blood
,
which
by
its
being
cold
,
affirmes
it
to
be
no
blood
;
for
all
blood
is
warm
,
which
concludeth
them
to
bee
no
wayes
participant
of
the
highest
element
.
Q.
Wherfore
is
it
,
that
(
seeing
the
water
is
their
chiefe
and
principall
food
)
they
have
teeth
?
A.
Because
there
is
a
difference
,
as
there
are
in
birds
,
and
heasts
,
some
of
prey
,
and
some
not
:
and
those
that
have
no
teeth
,
are
fed
most
by
water
;
but
such
as
partake
of
grossenesse
,
such
as
passe
by
houses
of
Office
,
and
the
like
,
also
worms
and
grasse
.
Those
that
have
teeth
are
of
prey
,
as
the
Pike
,
Perch
,
Eele
,
&c.
and
alwaies
the
lesser
fish
is
food
for
the
greater
,
so
that
in
spawning
time
,
the
Eele
followeth
them
,
and
devoures
what
he
can
.
Q.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
they
live
so
confusedly
,
and
hant
altogether
?
A.
That
is
not
so
:
for
(
as
St.
Ambrose
,
Vbi
supra
)
one
kinde
of
fish
breedeth
in
one
part
,
which
is
not
found
in
another
:
and
what
kinde
is
found
in
one
place
,
is
wanting
in
another
;
but
for
the
nourishing
and
breeding
up
of
their
young
,
they
choose
the
convenient'st
hants
and
places
.
Of
creeping
animals
,
or
Reptibles
.
Qu.
WHerefore
is
it
,
that
some
creepers
doe
breed
without
conjunction
?
An.
Those
which
doe
so
,
are
generally
bred
at
first
out
of
corruption
,
but
afterwards
multiply
by
generation
,
excepting
the
Salamander
,
which
hath
no
distinction
of
sexe
:
likewise
the
Lizard
,
Crocodile
,
Tortuce
or
Turtle
,
and
the
Cameleon
doe
lay
Egges
without
any
conjunction
,
although
they
are
foure-footed
,
as
the
Inquisitors
of
nature
doe
affirme
.
Of
the
procreation
of
Man
.
Qu.
WHerefore
is
it
,
that
Celestiall
influences
are
necessarily
concurring
to
the
generation
of
Man
?
An.
Because
(
as
the
Philosopher
saith
)
Home
&
Sol
generat
hominem
:
Man
and
the
Sunne
beget
man
;
who
,
if
he
in
a
time
,
manner
,
place
,
and
naturall
order
doth
couple
with
his
mate
,
and
the
Celestiall
influences
aptening
and
disposing
them
to
that
purpose
,
begetteth
his
like
:
because
if
the
seed
of
either
be
not
by
the
supernal
influences
prepared
to
that
effect
,
(
for
Astra
regunt
homines
,
sed
regit
astra
Deus
)
the
conjunction
is
void
;
as
to
sow
Corne
in
a
season
improper
,
and
in
a
land
already
imprepared
,
or
by
nature
inept
,
the
hope
of
fruite
can
be
none
.
Qu.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
the
seed
of
the
male
is
onely
necessary
?
An.
Not
so
,
for
that
of
the
Female
must
also
concurre
,
and
by
the
mixture
of
both
in
the
Matrix
conception
ensueth
:
For
the
seed
is
a
prime
part
of
the
last
and
purest
aliment
or
nourishing
,
separated
after
the
third
digestion
,
and
preserved
in
the
seminary
vessells
,
(
which
are
the
testicles
)
for
the
preservation
of
the
species
,
or
kind
.
Qu.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
those
that
embrace
Venus
inordinately
,
are
abbreviated
of
life
?
An.
Because
Nullum
violentum
perpetuum
:
Nothing
violent
is
of
long
continuance
.
And
because
the
seed
is
derived
from
the
principall
parts
,
(
as
the
brayne
chiefly
,
the
heart
,
the
liver
,
and
generally
from
all
the
parts
of
the
body
)
it
must
needs
,
being
forcibly
and
frequently
provoked
,
leave
those
parts
destitute
,
and
in
the
end
debilitate
the
whole
body
,
and
deprive
that
of
life
,
which
by
temperance
the
Moderatrix
of
humane
actions
,
might
have
longer
subsisted
:
which
too
many
in
these
dayes
,
into
more
then
a
temporall
ruine
doe
fall
.
As
it
is
likewise
observed
in
those
Animals
,
(
as
Sparrowes
and
the
like
)
that
are
eager
in
that
kinde
,
are
not
long-lived
.
Q.
What
are
after
conception
(
which
is
by
union
of
seedes
)
first
formed
?
A.
The
first
that
nature
undertaketh
in
the
shaping
or
forming
of
the
fruit
in
the
wombe
of
the
mother
,
are
three
of
the
principall
members
:
as
first
,
the
brain
;
second
,
the
heart
;
third
,
the
liver
;
and
afterwards
the
appurtenances
,
as
the
Navell
;
Stomacke
,
and
Testicles
;
afterwards
the
limbes
neare
them
;
lastly
,
the
hands
;
feet
,
and
the
rest
:
for
mans
body
consisteth
of
many
and
divers
limbes
and
members
,
viz.
veines
,
nerves
,
muscles
,
bones
,
cartilages
,
fat
,
flesh
,
skin
,
and
the
4
humours
,
viz.
Blood
,
Phlegme
,
Choler
,
and
Melancholy
.
Q.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
some
are
born
in
the
10
month
,
when
the
ninth
is
the
legitime
?
A.
Because
the
motion
of
organization
,
and
also
the
time
of
the
birth
doe
vary
,
especially
if
heate
bee
the
stronger
,
and
the
complexion
better
:
whence
it
is
,
that
the
body
of
the
male
is
sooner
formed
,
than
the
body
of
the
female
:
And
againe
,
there
is
a
diversity
in
either
of
both
.
Marg.
Phil.
Q.
Wherein
consisteth
that
diversity
?
A.
In
this
that
the
body
of
a
Male-childe
in
formed
in
thirty
dayes
at
least
,
and
〈◊〉
him
the
vitall
motion
beginneth
the
70
day
,
and
is
totally
finished
and
borne
in
the
seventh
moneth
.
But
if
the
body
be
formed
the
fortieth
day
,
it
is
quickned
the
eightieth
,
and
born
the
8
month
,
but
they
live
not
.
But
if
the
body
be
compleat
the
forty
fifth
day
,
it
quickneth
the
ninetieth
,
and
is
borne
the
ninth
moneth
after
the
conception
.
Q.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
the
Female
is
not
so
soone
formed
as
the
Male
?
A.
By
the
reason
of
the
frigidity
which
is
alwaies
slower
in
motion
than
heat
:
for
the
body
of
the
Female
is
not
formed
before
the
fortieth
day
,
but
is
compleate
ordinarily
in
the
forty
fifth
,
and
that
quickneth
the
ninetieth
day
,
and
is
borne
the
ninth
moneth
,
which
is
the
usuall
and
more
convenience
moneth
for
the
birth
.
But
if
the
body
bee
not
compleatly
formed
before
the
fiftieth
day
,
it
quickneth
in
the
one
hundreth
,
and
is
borne
in
the
tenth
moneth
.
But
all
creatures
have
a
certainety
of
bringing
forth
,
but
onely
man
.
Q.
Whence
doth
the
Infant
receive
its
nutriment
in
the
wombe
?
A.
Immediately
after
conception
the
wonted
monethly
sicknesse
of
the
mother
is
stayed
,
and
is
divided
into
three
parts
:
the
one
wherof
,
passeth
into
the
Pappes
;
in
which
it
is
decocted
into
a
substance
of
milke
:
the
second
,
is
perfectly
digested
in
the
liver
of
the
Mother
:
the
third
,
which
remaineth
superfluous
,
remains
about
the
wombe
,
untill
the
time
of
birth
comes
when
it
is
evacuated
.
From
the
first
,
the
infant
borne
is
nourished
:
from
the
second
,
from
the
time
of
quickning
it
begins
to
be
fed
and
nutrified
,
but
not
by
the
mouth
,
but
by
the
passages
of
the
Navel
(
by
which
it
is
knit
to
the
mother
)
it
receives
its
nutriment
.
Q.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
some
have
red
blemishes
in
their
faces
,
or
other
parts
of
their
bodie
,
which
no
Art
can
take
away
?
A.
Because
in
the
birth
of
the
infant
,
if
any
quantity
of
that
(
which
I
said
before
,
was
retayned
untill
the
birth
)
chanceth
to
touch
or
fall
upon
any
part
of
the
body
of
the
infant
wheresoever
,
it
leaveth
such
a
stayne
and
blemish
,
which
cannot
be
taken
away
,
even
by
the
excoriation
or
flaying
the
place
.
Q.
Wherefore
have
not
men
that
kinde
of
Purgation
?
A.
By
the
reason
they
are
of
a
greater
heate
,
that
digesteth
more
easily
superfluities
,
and
that
which
remaineth
indigested
,
turnes
to
haire
.
Qu.
Whence
is
it
,
that
in
generation
there
is
a
diversity
of
sexe
?
An.
The
reason
of
that
is
,
that
the
wombe
having
two
Receptacles
,
right
,
and
left
,
the
right
parts
are
naturally
hotter
than
the
left
:
Likewise
the
sperme
of
the
right
testicle
is
hotter
than
that
of
the
left
:
if
then
the
seed
of
the
right
testicle
happen
into
the
right
receptacle
of
the
Matrix
,
a
Male
is
conceived
;
if
in
the
left
,
a
Female
:
And
if
the
sperme
of
the
right
testicle
happen
into
the
left
receptacle
,
a
Virago
,
or
manly
Female
is
generated
:
and
if
that
of
the
left
testicle
happens
into
the
right
of
the
wombe
,
an
effeminate
Male
towards
:
But
if
the
seed
be
promiscuously
scattered
,
and
dispersed
into
both
receptacles
,
an
Hermaphrodite
is
produced
.
Qu.
Whence
is
it
then
,
that
twinnes
are
generated
?
An.
If
the
seed
bee
copious
and
abundant
,
and
separated
into
both
receptacles
,
twinnes
are
generated
:
Although
some
are
of
opinion
,
that
they
are
conceived
by
a
second
conflict
,
which
very
seldome
happeneth
.
Mar.
Phil.
Qu.
Wherefore
,
or
whence
is
it
,
that
sometimes
humane
monsters
are
generated
?
An.
That
happeneth
when
the
seed
aboundeth
,
or
is
defective
more
than
ordinary
;
or
is
conceived
by
a
disordinate
way
of
conjunction
,
or
also
if
the
copulation
be
too
frequent
with
a
fruitfull
subject
.
Qu.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
Mothers
being
pregnant
,
and
having
conceived
,
many
times
miscarry
?
An.
This
happeneth
many
wayes
:
sometimes
in
those
that
are
single
and
unmarryed
by
suppression
,
(
which
is
execrable
)
as
streight
lacing
,
and
other
detestable
and
unspeakeable
wayes
:
but
in
legitimate
Mothers
it
may
unadvisedly
happen
,
as
by
over-reaching
,
running
,
dancing
,
by
surfeiting
with
meate
or
drinke
,
by
frights
,
and
many
other
causes
,
either
before
,
or
after
the
membring
,
limbing
,
or
organization
of
the
fruite
,
which
being
rejected
,
and
cast
out
of
the
wombe
,
is
lost
;
and
that
is
an
abortion
or
miscarrying
.
Qu.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
some
are
borne
Leprous
,
and
some
infected
with
the
grand
P.
?
An.
The
first
happeneth
when
the
conjunction
is
,
the
Mother
having
her
monethly
sicknesse
;
as
St.
Hierome
saith
upon
Ezekiel
,
not
excluding
other
causes
)
the
second
may
happen
,
when
either
Parent
,
or
both
being
able
,
and
capable
for
generation
&
conception
,
yet
one
of
them
being
contagiously
toucht
with
the
notorious
and
too
frequent
disease
,
brings
forth
a
blemished
fruite
,
rotten
before
it
was
ripe
.
Qu.
A.
Touching
this
question
all
are
not
of
one
opinion
:
but
if
we
truely
consider
the
matter
,
we
shall
finde
,
that
the
cause
of
likenesse
proceeds
from
the
vigour
heat
,
ablenesse
,
and
imagination
of
the
generatour
or
conceiver
:
the
last
of
which
the
Patriarch
Iacob
made
use
of
by
colouring
his
rods
in
severall
colours
.
So
likewise
there
have
beene
Parents
in
complexion
faire
,
which
neverthelesse
have
conceived
and
brought
forth
Black-moores
:
which
were
conceived
,
by
having
sundry
pictures
of
Aethiopians
in
their
Chambers
,
which
may
give
a
fancie
or
impression
to
the
conceit
of
the
conceiver
,
or
generator
in
the
time
of
that
act
.
And
Aristotle
affirmeth
,
Lib.
de
Animalib
.
that
heate
and
ayrinesse
are
contayned
in
the
seed
of
the
Man
,
and
cold
and
earthinesse
in
that
of
the
Woman
:
and
that
of
the
Man
is
congruent
to
the
quality
,
and
that
of
the
Mother
to
the
quantity
of
the
fruite
.
Qu.
Whether
doth
the
fruite
(
now
ripe
)
force
the
Mother
to
the
Birth
,
or
the
Mother
it
?
A.
The
fruite
no
question
:
for
beeing
by
nature
perfected
;
and
mature
forceth
it selfe
into
this
miserable
World
through
the
same
passage
wherein
it
was
conceived
,
with
the
head
forward
,
the
Male
with
the
face
upwards
,
the
Female
downewards
,
the
hands
stretched
forth
to
the
thighes
:
But
many
times
it
happeneth
,
that
it
is
turned
on
one
side
,
or
the
feeth
forwards
,
not
without
danger
of
both
Mother
and
it
,
unlesse
the
Midde-wife
bee
more
knowing
and
diligent
.
Q.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
the
infant
cryeth
as
soone
as
it
is
borne
?
A.
Because
it
feeleth
an
unwonted
cold
,
and
is
payned
with
the
handling
of
hands
,
be
they
never
so
delicate
and
soft
,
even
as
a
Wound
in
a
mans
flesh
is
payned
with
a
least
touch
;
whereupon
the
infant
being
dipped
in
warm
water
is
quieted
:
Or
else
perhaps
,
because
it
Prophetically
lameneth
the
future
miseries
of
a
troublesome
life
to
ensue
:
whereupon
it
is
observed
,
that
the
Male
cryeth
A
,
and
the
Female
E
,
as
if
they
did
inculpate
or
blame
our
first
Protoplastes
or
Sires
,
Adam
and
Eve
,
for
that
they
lost
to
themselves
and
us
the
first
originall
justice
,
and
brought
us
into
these
miseries
.
Q.
Was
there
ever
any
born
laughing
?
A.
Onely
one
,
(
as
St.
Austin
de
civitat
.
Lib.
21.
cap.
14.
testifieth
)
Zeroastes
by
name
,
who
was
borne
laughing
;
neither
did
this
his
unnaturall
mirth
portend
any
such
felicity
to
him
;
for
hee
was
the
inventor
of
Magick
,
which
Art
of
his
could
not
establish
his
vaine
felicity
of
this
present
life
,
nor
secure
him
against
his
enemies
:
for
hee
being
King
of
the
Bactrians
,
was
utterly
vanquished
by
Ninus
King
of
the
Assyrians
.
Mans
life
is
divided
into
,
-
1.
An
Infant
from
the
birth
,
till
seaven
yeares
of
age
.
-
2.
A
boy
till
14
;
then
beginning
to
be
apt
to
procreate
.
-
3.
A
stripling
till
twenty
eight
.
-
4.
A
young
man
in
full
strength
and
prime
,
till
fifty
.
-
5.
A
grave
man
,
now
declining
to
age
till
seaventy
two
.
-
6.
And
the
time
after
,
how
long
soever
he
liveth
,
is
decrepit
old
age
.
To
know
these
things
concerning
the
being
of
Man
,
is
necessarily
usefull
;
but
not
to
know
them
,
were
shameful
ignorance
:
I
referre
the
more
curious
for
further
satisfaction
concerning
this
argument
,
to
that
learned
Fernelius
his
Treatise
,
De
Hominis
procreat
.
Of
growing
,
and
growth
.
Qu.
WHat
is
held
concerning
growing
?
An.
This
,
that
it
is
the
enlarging
of
all
the
parts
of
the
body
,
untill
it
attaine
to
the
limited
and
proportioned
quantity
:
which
parts
are
either
Homogenes
,
or
like
;
or
Heterogenes
,
unlike
,
which
the
Physitians
call
Similares
and
Dissimilares
;
like
,
and
unlike
.
Qu.
What
are
the
Homogenes
,
or
Similar
?
An.
They
are
such
,
as
being
divided
or
cut
in
peeces
,
every
peece
of
them
hath
the
same
name
and
nature
as
the
whole
part
hath
.
As
for
Example
,
the
peece
of
a
bone
is
bone
;
a
peece
of
flesh
is
flesh
:
and
so
likewise
of
braines
,
nerves
,
arteries
,
rendons
,
blood
,
skinne
,
fat
,
cartilages
,
and
marrow
.
Qu.
What
are
called
Heterogenes
,
or
Dissimilar
?
A.
Those
parts
,
which
(
being
divided
)
the
peeces
have
not
the
same
name
and
nature
:
as
a
peece
of
the
head
,
the
arme
,
the
leg
,
is
not
a
head
,
an
arme
,
a
leg
,
&c.
This
being
presupposed
,
it
is
to
be
observed
,
that
the
Homogenes
or
Similar
parts
,
are
the
cause
of
the
growth
of
the
Heterogenes
,
or
Dissimilar
:
for
wee
say
,
that
a
mans
arme
is
smaller
at
ten
,
than
at
twenty
yeares
of
age
;
because
the
flesh
,
the
bone
,
the
sinewes
and
veines
of
his
arme
,
are
growne
and
enlarged
.
Q.
How
is
it
,
that
the
Homogenes
doe
grow
?
A.
The
increasing
or
growing
of
the
Similar
parts
,
or
the
Heterogenes
is
made
by
the
nourishment
in
animated
bodies
,
as
well
sensible
as
not
:
For
the
one
and
the
other
have
a
certaine
,
humor
,
which
the
Physitians
cal
the
Humidum
radicale
,
the
Radicall
moysture
,
because
it
is
,
as
it
were
the
roote
of
life
;
which
preserveth
in
them
naturall
heate
,
even
as
oyle
in
a
Lampe
nourisheth
the
the
fire
,
and
as
that
diminisheth
and
wasteth
,
so
doth
the
naturall
moysture
grow
weaker
,
and
when
it
is
spent
,
naturall
heate
is
also
extinguished
,
and
death
most
consequently
follows
.
Q.
Wherefore
is
it
generally
,
that
children
and
young
folkes
have
good
stomacks
?
A.
Because
as
long
as
they
are
young
,
by
the
reason
of
the
vigour
of
the
naturall
heate
,
which
broyles
(
as
it
were
)
in
them
,
their
appetite
is
great
,
and
covets
,
and
receiveth
more
food
and
nutriment
than
is
necessary
for
the
conservation
of
the
Humidum
radicale
:
and
the
over-plus
serves
for
the
growth
of
all
Homogenes
or
similar
parts
.
Qu.
Wherefore
then
serves
that
nourishment
which
was
for
growth
,
after
that
growing
is
past
?
An.
After
that
the
body
is
growne
to
its
full
and
certaine
period
of
quantity
,
(
as
every
thing
that
growes
in
the
world
,
hath
a
limited
and
determinate
quantity
;
(
otherwise
they
would
grow
infinite
)
the
nourishment
then
serves
onely
for
the
conservation
of
the
Radicall
moysture
;
and
if
more
nutriment
bee
received
than
naturall
heate
is
able
to
digest
,
in
liew
of
benefitting
the
body
,
it
greatly
annoyeth
it
.
Qu.
Why
is
digestion
so
necessary
?
An.
Because
digestion
,
Of
the
Eyes
.
Qu.
WHerefore
doe
our
Eyes
seeme
to
sparkle
in
the
darke
,
and
when
we
are
in
choler
;
and
why
some
animals
doe
see
perfectly
in
the
darke
?
An.
Not
because
they
are
fiery
,
or
contayne
any
part
of
fire
in
them
;
but
because
this
clearenesse
and
bright
sparkling
proceedeth
from
hot
spirits
,
which
are
not
seated
onely
in
the
eyes
,
but
diffused
over
all
the
parts
of
the
body
,
and
are
more
apparent
in
the
eyes
than
in
any
other
part
,
by
reason
of
their
chrystalline
humour
,
which
is
cleare
and
polite
,
and
fit
for
the
property
of
glistening
.
And
because
this
humour
is
quicker
in
some
Animals
,
and
more
enabled
by
those
hot
spirits
,
their
eyes
appeare
glaring
and
fiery
as
it
were
,
nature
having
given
them
such
eyes
,
the
better
to
seeke
their
prey
,
and
necessary
food
.
Qu.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
we
see
not
the
object
that
toucheth
our
sight
?
An.
Because
the
object
being
applyed
quite
contrary
to
the
sense
,
the
sense
is
hindered
.
And
even
so
a
visible
object
being
applyed
close
to
the
eyes
,
hindereth
their
sight
,
by
subtracting
from
them
the
medium
,
or
meanes
of
seeing
,
which
is
the
illuminated
ayre
.
Qu.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
clouds
and
mists
seeme
thicke
,
and
impenetrable
to
the
sight
?
An.
Because
in
rare
and
thinne
bodies
a
farre
off
,
the
parts
seeme
contiguous
,
close
,
and
united
,
and
consequently
thicke
;
which
is
,
by
reason
of
the
great
distance
.
And
by
the
same
reason
we
perceive
not
the
admirable
swiftnes
of
the
Sun
and
Planets
,
because
of
the
great
distance
from
our
view
.
Q.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
a
Woman
,
having
her
naturall
purgations
,
doth
blemish
a
Looking-glasse
with
looking
,
or
seeing
her selfe
in
it
?
An.
It
is
not
so
,
that
by
her
onely
eyes
shee
staineth
the
glasse
,
(
for
the
eyes
doe
not
dart
out
their
rayes
to
the
object
,
as
divers
contentiously
have
sought
to
affirme
)
but
by
the
corrupted
vapours
which
proceed
from
her
whole
body
.
Qu.
Wherefore
is
it
then
,
that
the
Basiliske
,
or
Cockatrice
killeth
with
his
onely
eyes
?
An.
That
likewise
is
generally
held
to
be
false
:
but
by
the
infecting
of
the
ambient
Ayre
neare
him
with
the
contagion
of
his
breath
,
as
Toads
,
and
other
venimous
creatures
doe
envenome
those
Hearbs
,
under
which
they
shelter
themselves
.
Q.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
lovers
are
said
to
enchant
one
another
onely
by
the
eye
?
An.
Not
by
the
emission
of
the
rayes
,
as
I
sayd
;
but
because
in
the
eyes
,
which
are
the
Indices
animi
,
The
discoverers
of
the
minde
,
there
is
a
certaine
amorous
passion
,
which
increaseth
by
frequent
expression
,
and
discovereth
it selfe
by
them
more
than
by
any
other
part
,
especially
if
the
complexions
of
those
Lovers
be
both
agreeable
,
and
amorously
bent
.
Of
the
exteriour
Senses
in
generall
.
Qu.
WHerefore
is
it
,
that
the
five
Senses
,
viz.
seeing
,
hearing
,
smelling
,
tasting
,
and
touching
,
are
called
exteriour
?
An.
Because
they
are
necessary
for
the
body
,
and
are
common
to
Man
,
and
other
Animals
:
and
in
discourse
to
make
a
difference
betweene
them
and
the
interiour
,
which
are
faculties
of
the
soule
;
which
are
Vnderstanding
,
Imagination
,
and
Memory
.
Qu.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
Nature
gave
them
neither
more
,
nor
fewer
,
but
onely
five
?
An.
Because
all
the
objects
of
the
world
,
as
well
common
as
particular
,
that
are
perceptible
by
the
exteriour
Senses
of
Animals
,
doe
fall
under
some
one
of
them
;
Qu.
Wherein
consisteth
the
chiefe
benefit
of
the
sight
?
An.
In
this
,
that
the
sight
is
not
onely
usefull
for
the
providing
of
necessaries
,
but
also
for
the
avoyding
of
things
hurtfull
,
thereby
to
secure
themselves
from
them
:
and
to
man
in
particular
,
that
by
the
viewing
of
celestiall
things
,
he
might
employ
himselfe
in
the
contemplation
thereof
.
Qu.
An.
The
hearing
also
serveth
not
onely
for
the
following
of
things
good
and
profitable
for
them
,
or
for
the
shunning
of
things
hurtful
according
to
the
voice
or
noise
which
they
beare
;
but
also
to
man
,
for
instruction
or
discipline
,
who
is
capable
of
Sciences
,
and
holy
mysteries
.
Qu.
Wherein
availeth
the
use
of
Smelling
?
An.
For
the
recreating
and
purifying
of
the
spirits
of
the
braine
,
by
which
they
are
cheered
,
and
better
disposed
by
good
,
wholesome
,
and
sweet
savours
.
Qu.
An.
It
was
given
us
for
the
discerning
of
the
aliment
,
which
we
make
choice
of
for
the
sustentation
of
the
body
,
for
growth
in
youth
,
and
afterwards
for
the
repairing
or
restoring
of
that
which
is
every
day
losing
&
decaying
.
Q.
A.
That
is
very
necessary
for
the
distinguishing
in
the
darke
the
exteriour
qualities
of
a
body
that
wee
meete
with
,
and
by
those
the
difference
of
the
body
it selfe
▪
Concerning
these
and
further
reasons
,
I
referre
the
curious
to
Scaliger
contra
Cardan
.
exerc.
297.
Qu.
Which
of
these
are
held
most
necessary
?
A.
Two
,
which
are
Tasting
and
Touching
.
The
reason
is
,
because
my
Animal
can
be
without
food
,
and
aliment
for
the
maintenance
of
life
,
which
cannot
be
chosen
but
by
the
Taste
;
neither
can
it
subsist
without
Touching
;
without
the
other
three
it
may
.
Qu.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
Man
,
of
creatures
the
most
perfect
,
is
inferiour
to
some
creatures
in
the
exteriour
senses
?
A.
Although
the
Latine
Verse
concludeth
him
so
to
be
,
which
saith
,
Nos
aper
auditu
,
Lynx
visu
,
Simiagustu
,
Vultur
odoratu
,
praeceb●it
Aranea
tactu
.
The
Boare
heares
better
,
Lynx
sees
,
Vultar
smells
,
The
Apes
taste
,
and
Spiders
touch
farre
Mans
〈◊〉
.
in
Taste
and
Touch
hee
is
farre
more
curious
and
excellent
,
as
Dup●●●
〈…〉
stantly
maintaining
Mans
prerogative
affirmeth
.
Of
the
interiour
Senses
.
Qu.
WHerefore
are
they
tearmed
interior
?
An.
To
extinguish
them
from
the
exteriours
.
Foreven
as
the
exteriours
doe
perceive
their
objects
outwardly
,
so
doe
these
theirs
interiourly
within
the
head
:
and
these
are
tearmed
,
first
,
Sensus
communis
,
which
is
the
Intellect
.
Secondly
,
Phantasie
,
or
Imagination
.
And
thirdly
,
Memory
.
Qu.
What
is
that
which
is
tearmed
the
common
sense
?
A.
It
is
the
chiefe
and
master-sense
,
and
Prince
of
the
exteriours
,
and
hath
its
seat
in
the
highest
and
noblest
part
of
the
body
,
which
is
the
Braine
,
where
all
the
exteriours
take
their
roote
by
nerves
:
and
they
as
scouts
or
spyes
sent
out
to
all
parts
,
come
and
give
it
an
account
of
their
severall
objects
,
to
the
end
that
it
may
judge
and
distinguish
the
one
from
the
other
.
So
that
it
is
that
which
gives
us
notice
,
and
knowledge
of
what
the
exteriours
declare
unto
it
.
Q.
What
is
fantasie
or
imagination
?
An.
Fantasie
,
according
to
Aristotle
Cap.
3.
Lib.
7.
de
Anima
,
is
an
apparition
,
or
imagination
,
(
under
which
are
also
meditation
and
thought
comprised
)
by
which
are
represented
Idaea's
of
things
,
which
may
fall
under
the
exteriour
senses
,
but
also
an
infinity
of
other
things
,
which
neither
are
,
nor
can
be
,
and
this
either
sleeping
or
waking
,
as
Gyants
,
Devils
,
Hydra's
,
castles
in
the
Ayre
,
Chymaera's
,
and
any
thing
that
can
be
imagined
or
thought
upon
joyntly
,
or
severally
.
Qu.
What
is
Memory
?
A.
It
is
the
Store-house
,
or
Treasury
of
all
conceits
,
imaginations
,
and
thoughts
.
For
as
the
Fantasie
imprints
them
in
it
,
it
retaines
and
keeps
them
:
And
that
is
the
reason
why
we
so
easily
forget
those
things
which
wee
sleightly
thought
upon
,
or
tooke
little
notice
of
.
Qu.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
when
wee
would
conceive
any
thing
,
we
put
our
hands
to
the
forehead
,
and
when
we
would
call
a
thing
to
memory
,
wee
scratch
behinde
the
head
?
A.
By
the
reason
of
the
diversity
of
the
seates
;
for
the
Intellect
is
seated
in
the
fore
part
,
the
Memory
in
the
hinder
part
,
and
the
Fantasie
in
the
interstice
betweene
them
:
and
therefore
by
those
actions
we
doe
as
it
were
summon
each
by
a
peculiar
motion
to
the
use
of
its
function
.
Of
sleeping
.
Qu.
WHerefore
is
it
,
that
Women
are
more
sleepy
than
men
?
An.
Because
naturally
they
are
more
moyst
and
cold
than
men
,
and
humidity
is
the
cause
of
sleepe
,
and
the
cold
is
the
congealer
of
the
vapors
into
water
,
which
vapours
stopping
the
conduits
of
the
senses
,
doe
cause
sleep
.
Qu.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
fat
and
grosse
people
are
ordinarily
more
sleepy
than
the
leane
and
slender
?
An.
Because
that
more
than
that
,
they
are
replete
with
a
great
quantity
of
humours
,
which
cause
sleepe
:
they
are
moreover
very
heavy
and
unweldy
,
and
desire
their
ease
and
rest
,
which
is
the
companion
of
sleepe
.
The
slender
and
leane
,
contrary
,
are
more
active
and
laborious
;
and
action
and
motion
doe
breake
and
interrupt
sleepe
.
Qu.
Wherefore
is
it
then
,
that
labouring
men
and
the
lazy
,
and
idle
,
are
very
sleepy
?
An.
Because
the
idle
,
by
their
lazinesse
,
doe
contract
within
them
a
great
quantity
of
humours
:
and
the
others
by
interrupting
their
sleepe
by
industrious
labours
and
travaile
,
doe
enforce
it
.
Qu.
Wherefore
are
those
that
are
naturally
merry
,
and
cheerefull
,
more
desirous
of
sleepe
,
than
the
melancholy
,
and
those
that
are
in
sorrow
and
affliction
?
An.
Because
that
the
latter
are
in
trouble
of
the
minde
,
disquiet
,
and
agitation
of
spirit
,
which
are
opposite
adversaries
to
naturall
rest
:
and
the
other
enjoy
that
by
tranquillity
and
repose
,
both
friendly
companions
of
sleepe
.
Century
4.
Of
Plants
.
Qu.
WHerefore
is
it
,
that
very
hot
things
,
as
Water
cresses
,
Arsmart
,
and
the
like
,
doe
grow
in
cold
places
;
and
dry
things
,
as
Reeds
,
&c.
grow
in
moyst
places
?
An.
Because
nature
would
preserve
a
conveniency
for
every
thing
,
and
agreeable
to
all
,
which
could
not
be
,
unlesse
one
contrary
in
a
contrary
seate
,
as
hot
in
cold
,
and
cold
in
hot
had
beene
situated
:
As
for
example
,
the
juyce
of
an
Orange
which
is
cold
,
to
bee
enclosed
in
a
rinde
of
a
very
hot
quality
,
and
the
dry
earth
to
bee
encompassed
with
the
moyst
element
of
water
;
and
the
cold
ayre
to
be
environed
with
the
hot
element
of
fire
.
Qu.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
those
Plants
which
grow
wild
,
are
of
longer
continuance
,
than
those
which
are
manured
and
cultivated
by
ingenious
industry
?
An.
Because
the
cultivated
spend
their
naturall
vigour
in
the
production
of
their
fruite
;
the
other
in
the
branch
and
extension
of
limbes
:
in
so
much
that
Art
seemeth
,
rather
to
effeminate
,
than
encourage
Nature
.
Qu.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
those
Plants
which
soone
grow
,
doe
likewise
soone
decay
?
A.
Theophrastus
indeed
writes
so
,
Qu.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
those
Plants
,
that
now
begin
to
decline
,
bring
forth
a
fruite
more
tastfull
,
and
sooner
enripened
?
An.
Because
the
younger
that
have
not
yet
attained
their
fulnesse
of
growth
,
doe
either
suppeditate
a
crude
and
undigested
humour
to
the
fruite
,
which
hindereth
it
;
or
else
by
the
conversion
of
that
humour
to
their
growth
:
but
the
ancient
having
now
growne
to
their
full
quantity
,
infuse
not
such
a
plentifull
quantity
of
humour
,
whereby
the
fruite
may
(
as
it
were
)
be
surfeited
,
which
it
may
more
easily
digest
.
Qu.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
sower
fruits
are
seldome
worme-eaten
,
and
doe
not
so
soone
rot
as
other
fruite
?
An.
Because
all
sower
things
are
cooling
,
piercing
,
and
extenuating
by
nature
,
which
qualities
doe
all
resist
putrefaction
:
and
therefore
decayed
Venison
being
steeped
in
Vinegar
,
not
onely
resists
the
increase
of
a
further
putrefaction
thereof
,
but
regaines
to
it
its
former
sweetnesse
.
Qu.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
grafted
Plants
bring
forth
more
plentifully
,
if
the
graft
be
againe
grafted
upon
the
same
tree
from
whence
it
was
cut
?
An.
Because
Nature
alwayes
endeavours
to
comfort
and
cure
a
wound
given
,
not
onely
to
sensitive
Animals
,
but
also
to
the
insensitive
,
with
a
larger
portion
of
aliment
:
so
that
if
a
bone
bee
broken
,
and
carefully
handled
,
Nature
sends
it
marrow
in
such
plenty
,
that
the
fracture
is
forthwith
covered
with
a
callous
or
thicke
,
and
hard
skinne
,
and
afterwards
becomes
stronger
in
that
part
than
before
.
So
also
a
Tree
being
cut
in
any
part
,
supplies
it
in
like
manner
with
such
a
quantity
of
sappe
,
that
in
the
place
there
groweth
an
exuberant
knob
or
bunch
.
Of
Fishes
.
Qu.
WHerefore
is
it
,
that
Oysters
,
Cockles
,
and
the
like
shell-fish
doe
open
against
the
Tyde
,
although
they
bee
farre
from
the
Sea
?
An.
Either
out
of
custome
which
they
had
,
when
they
were
in
their
maritime
habitacles
,
at
the
certainty
of
the
Tydes
so
to
doe
:
or
else
,
that
naturally
they
feele
in
themselves
the
motion
of
the
Sea
,
by
which
they
,
by
their
opening
,
desire
to
feed
and
refresh
themselves
.
Qu.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
Sea-fish
is
usually
better
than
that
of
fresh
water
?
An.
The
same
may
be
demanded
,
why
River-fish
is
better
than
Pond-fish
,
and
Pond-fish
better
than
Fen-fish
,
and
this
better
than
Dike-fish
:
Because
these
taste
more
of
muddy
impurity
,
than
those
of
the
Sea
:
for
the
Sea
working
,
admits
no
mudde
:
and
this
appeares
in
River-mussels
,
(
Vulgo
)
Horse-mussels
,
which
savour
of
ranknesse
of
filth
;
and
the
Sea-mussels
are
admitted
for
humane
food
,
the
other
rejected
.
Qu.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
fresh
water
Fishes
have
windbladders
,
the
Sea
fish
none
?
An.
Because
was
necessary
for
the
fresh
Fish
,
for
its
better
navigation
,
(
as
I
may
say
)
to
have
in
it
an
ayery
vessell
,
to
beare
its
body
floating
,
by
the
reason
of
the
tenuity
of
the
fresh
water
:
but
the
sult
water
Fish
not
,
by
the
reason
of
a
grosser
and
stronger
nature
of
the
Sea
,
and
more
apt
for
their
swift
and
gliding
supportation
.
Of
petty
animals
.
Q.
WHerefore
is
,
that
unnecessary
frogs
and
Mice
doe
breed
(
as
I
may
say
)
of
their
owne
accord
,
seeing
other
animals
for
Mans
use
breed
not
,
but
by
propagation
?
An.
Even
as
the
High
Procurator
of
the
great
World
,
provides
store
of
all
manner
of
Viands
for
his
little
world
(
Man
:
)
so
also
he
chastiseth
this
neglecting
Man
,
when
he
subtracts
and
withdrawes
from
him
the
fruits
of
water
,
earth
,
Ayre
,
and
beasts
for
mans
owne
faults
:
wherefore
sometimes
waters
either
abound
by
inundations
,
sometimes
by
drought
are
extenuated
,
and
scarce
;
sometimes
the
Ayre
by
contagion
infects
,
sometimes
fire
rageth
so
,
that
from
whence
these
breed
,
it
can
no
more
be
certainely
affirmed
,
than
whence
the
swarmes
of
these
Animals
,
and
the
innumerable
diseases
of
man
doe
also
breed
.
Qu.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
a
Dormouse
sleepeth
so
long
without
food
?
An.
Because
fatnesse
,
the
pores
being
occluded
or
stopped
by
cold
,
is
condensed
;
and
when
Animals
remaine
immote
,
humours
are
lesse
dissipated
;
whereby
it
is
,
that
that
fatnesse
maintaines
and
sustaines
them
▪
for
naturall
heate
having
no
food
to
worke
upon
,
fasteneth
upon
superfluities
:
and
sleepe
quencheth
the
appetite
of
thirst
and
hunger
,
as
it
is
very
well
said
of
the
Dormouse
by
the
Poet
,
Tota
mihi
dormitur
hyems
,
&
pinguior
illo
Tempore
sum
,
quo
me
nil
nisi
somnus
alit
.
In
English
thus
:
The
tedious
Winter
sleepe
I
,
then
I
batten
,
And
sleeping
lose
no
flesh
,
but
rather
fatten
.
Qu.
If
the
Dormouse
sleepes
so
long
,
is
it
not
also
necessary
that
it
must
make
as
long
?
An.
What
else
▪
and
that
three
Moneths
,
or
a
quarter
of
a
yeeres
sleepe
seemes
to
be
shaped
by
the
little
beast
for
an
example
to
man
,
that
he
should
sleepe
likewise
no
more
than
the
fourth
part
of
24
houres
,
viz.
6
,
which
by
the
circumference
of
the
yeere
doe
containe
one
quarter
:
Infants
and
children
sleepe
more
,
the
agedlesse
;
for
in
them
sleepe
is
sound
,
in
these
slight
,
as
an
argument
of
a
longer
shortly
to
ensue
.
Of
Major
Animals
.
Qu.
WHerefore
is
it
▪
that
the
Lyon
is
called
the
King
of
beasts
?
An.
Not
because
he
is
either
stronger
,
or
more
active
than
any
other
;
but
for
his
Majestick
courage
,
because
he
seornes
to
lurke
cowardly
for
his
prey
,
and
feares
no
foure-footed
fellow
beast
;
and
rather
spares
a
more
imbecile
creature
than
himselfe
,
than
tyrannically
and
basely
expresse
himselfe
.
Qu.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
a
Mare
is
more
subject
to
abortion
and
miscarriage
than
a
female
Asse
,
or
Cow
,
or
any
other
beast
?
An.
Either
because
the
courage
of
that
kind
of
beast
is
animous
and
free
,
and
apt
for
running
and
leaping
:
or
that
the
Mare
already
great
with
foale
,
by
admitting
severall
coverings
,
whereby
the
Cotyledons
of
the
Matrix
are
violently
broken
:
And
sometimes
Women
great
being
cupidineous
,
by
the
same
way
many
times
miscarry
.
Other
Animals
,
if
after
conception
they
should
be
so
libidinous
,
and
admit
their
Male
,
would
also
most
times
be
subject
to
abortion
.
Qu.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
a
Horse
by
swimming
is
soone
drowned
,
although
he
receive
little
or
no
water
in
at
the
mouth
?
An.
Because
the
water
in
their
swimming
entereth
into
their
bodies
by
the
fundament
,
which
in
them
is
large
,
and
so
by
degrees
ponderously
depresseth
them
.
Of
Birds
.
Qu.
WHerefore
is
it
,
that
the
Swallow
flyeth
swiftest
of
all
Birds
?
An.
Because
their
wings
are
longer
in
respect
of
the
quantity
of
their
bodies
,
than
those
of
other
birds
▪
and
that
is
usefull
for
the
catching
of
Flies
,
which
are
their
food
;
and
for
the
escaping
from
Birds
of
rapine
and
prey
.
Q.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
they
appeare
not
any
where
in
Winter
,
or
whither
doe
they
betake
themselves
during
the
time
of
winter
?
An.
Because
they
are
no
mans
meate
,
neither
can
they
then
get
food
,
all
manner
of
Flies
being
dead
:
so
that
then
they
betake
themselves
to
Rocks
by
the
Sea-side
,
lying
in
holes
by
heapes
,
nourishing
one
another
with
mutuall
heate
;
which
the
Corall-fishers
in
the
Balticke
Sea
have
confirmed
to
bee
so
,
who
have
found
great
heapes
of
them
in
that
manner
together
.
Q.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
the
Sparrow
is
most
libidinous
of
all
other
birds
?
A.
All
Birds
are
so
,
but
they
are
not
so
much
as
the
Cocke
,
and
the
Pigeon
,
which
have
young
eleven
Moneths
of
the
yeere
.
Q.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
Birds
continue
their
warbles
and
chants
without
stoppe
,
or
taking
breath
?
A.
Because
they
sing
as
well
breathing
inwardly
as
outwardly
;
as
it
appeares
in
the
Larke
,
which
mounting
upwards
,
continues
her
chants
without
interruption
,
even
till
she
rise
to
the
very
clouds
.
Q.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
Birds
,
when
they
betake
themselves
to
sleepe
,
doe
usually
put
their
heads
under
the
right
wing
?
An.
Either
for
defending
the
head
from
cold
,
or
that
they
affect
the
posture
which
they
had
in
the
shell
.
Qu.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
the
fiercest
beasts
have
the
smallest
hearts
,
and
those
of
a
dull
spirit
and
courage
,
as
the
Oxe
,
and
the
like
,
have
a
greater
and
larger
heart
?
An.
Because
a
great
spirit
confined
to
a
streight
,
breakes
out
with
a
greater
violence
,
and
in
a
larger
,
it
is
dispersed
and
dilated
.
Qu.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
in
Birds
and
other
animals
the
multitude
of
either
Sexe
is
indifferently
equall
,
in
Man
not
;
for
sometimes
one
begetteth
most
sonnes
,
another
most
daughters
?
An.
Because
of
the
stronger
and
abler
bodies
Males
are
generated
,
and
Females
of
a
colder
and
weaker
temperament
:
so
that
in
the
Southerne
parts
Women
exceed
Men
in
number
,
in
the
Northerne
,
men
them
.
Therefore
the
strong
Hercules
by
the
multiplicity
of
Wives
,
had
Seventy
two
Sonnes
,
and
one
onely
[
*
](A05418-e16510-b)
*
Arist.
l.
7.
c.
6
Daughter
.
Acab
the
King
of
Samaria
,
Qu.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
Animals
have
a
kind
of
certainty
and
season
for
generation
;
man
not
?
An.
Because
the
pleasures
of
the
other
Animals
are
congruent
to
nature
,
but
the
extravagant
and
unbridled
lust
of
man
is
the
cause
that
the
mother
so
often
bringeth
children
resembling
neither
parent
.
Q.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
nature
hath
given
Man
a
more
copious
abundance
of
braines
than
women
,
seeing
that
prudence
,
judgement
,
and
memory
theron
depend
?
An.
Because
subtilty
is
more
naturall
to
Women
than
prudence
;
for
this
cannot
bee
but
vertuous
,
and
that
an
enemy
to
vertue
.
Neither
doth
craft
proceed
from
plenty
of
braine
,
but
from
a
delinquent
nature
:
for
a
Fox
,
of
all
Animals
irrationall
the
most
subtile
and
crafty
,
hath
but
a
small
quantity
of
braines
,
but
a
greater
of
sly
nature
.
Q.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
foure
footed
beasts
have
their
legges
before
shorter
than
those
behind
?
A.
For
the
aptnesse
and
swiftnesse
of
motion
:
And
Art
imitating
nature
,
doth
also
make
the
fore-wheeles
of
a
Coach
and
Wagon
of
a
lesse
proportion
than
those
behinde
,
that
by
the
motion
of
the
hinder
,
the
former
may
be
enforced
.
Q.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
a
bone
being
broken
,
and
well
set
,
and
conglutinated
againe
,
becomes
stronger
than
any
other
part
of
the
same
bone
?
A.
By
the
reason
of
a
knot
contracted
by
the
marrow
,
which
nature
immediately
sends
unto
it
:
as
it
appeares
also
in
a
Tree
,
as
I
said
heretofore
.
Qu.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
nature
placed
the
principall
parts
of
man
so
inward
,
as
the
braine
,
the
heart
,
&c.
An.
That
they
might
bee
as
safely
protected
as
might
bee
,
for
the
conservation
of
the
perfectest
Animall
,
man
:
as
the
Braine
with
the
Meninges
dura
Mater
,
Skull
,
skinne
,
and
haire
:
the
Heart
with
ribbs
,
flesh
,
and
skin
,
and
so
the
rest
.
Qu.
Wherefore
did
Nature
make
a
partition
by
the
Diaphragma
,
betweene
the
heart
and
the
stomacke
,
liver
,
milt
,
reines
,
guts
,
and
intestines
,
genitals
,
and
the
rest
of
the
bowells
?
A.
That
the
purer
member
,
as
the
Fort
of
life
,
might
be
free
from
the
annoyances
of
inferiour
and
noysome
inconveniences
,
as
from
excrements
and
ordure
.
Furthermore
,
it
was
necessary
that
the
libidinous
power
should
be
inferiourly
ranked
to
the
irascible
and
life
maintainer
.
Qu.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
the
essentiall
part
of
the
braine
is
by
temperature
cold
and
spungy
,
and
more
plentifully
given
to
Man
,
than
to
any
other
Animall
whatsoever
?
An.
That
it
might
contayne
the
chiefe
force
or
spirit
,
a
thing
most
necessary
to
the
wisest
of
inferiour
Creatures
,
and
might
temper
the
heate
of
the
heart
with
a
coldnesse
:
nature
giving
to
other
Animals
a
proportion
and
quantity
sufficient
for
sense
and
motion
.
Qu.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
the
prime
vigour
of
generation
in
a
man
,
is
chiefly
in
the
reines
;
and
that
of
the
woman
in
the
navell
?
A.
Because
the
internall
parts
,
which
in
a
woman
are
fastened
to
the
navell
,
are
larger
,
and
more
capacious
than
those
of
men
,
and
so
the
force
of
desire
greater
:
but
the
muscles
of
the
reines
in
a
man
are
sinewous
,
and
his
whole
body
more
nervous
:
and
the
braine
,
the
roote
of
nerves
in
man
,
is
of
a
larger
size
than
a
womans
.
Qu.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
the
blade
of
the
tougue
of
all
animalls
is
not
fat
?
An.
That
fatnesse
by
its
concretion
might
not
obstruct
the
passages
of
the
spungy
substance
of
the
tougue
,
whereby
it
might
be
deprived
of
the
benefit
of
tast
of
severall
Viands
:
and
fatnesse
in
the
member
in
man
,
would
greatly
have
hindered
speech
.
Qu.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
the
Eyes
of
Animals
are
first
framed
,
and
perfected
last
?
An.
Because
no
one
member
consisteth
of
many
parts
as
that
doth
,
neither
hath
Nature
fabricated
any
one
thing
in
them
of
more
exquisite
feature
than
the
eye
,
which
hath
no
lesse
enemies
(
peculiar
diseases
I
meane
)
than
120.
Qu.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
Nurses
,
which
hourely
give
sucke
,
have
plenty
of
milke
,
and
those
which
are
not
drawne
,
grow
dry
?
An.
The
same
reason
is
in
Wells
and
Fountaines
;
for
Nature
strives
to
make
that
good
againe
which
is
violently
taken
from
her
:
Yet
some
Nurses
are
of
a
more
plentifull
temper
than
others
,
which
is
primely
to
bee
considered
:
For
the
well-coloured
give
alwayes
more
milke
than
the
pale
.
Qu.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
the
Childe
cryes
,
when
the
absent
Nurses
brests
doe
pricke
an
ake
?
An.
That
by
dayly
experience
is
found
to
bee
so
,
so
that
by
that
the
Nurse
is
hastened
home
to
the
Infant
,
to
supply
the
defect
:
and
the
reason
is
,
that
either
at
that
very
instant
that
the
Infant
hath
finished
its
concoction
,
the
breasts
are
replenished
,
and
for
want
of
drawing
as
it
is
seene
likewise
in
milch-cattell
:
Or
rather
the
good
Genius
of
the
Infant
seemeth
by
that
meanes
to
sollicite
,
or
trouble
the
Nurse
in
the
Infants
behalfe
:
Which
Reason
seemeth
the
more
firme
and
probable
,
because
sometimes
sooner
,
sometimes
later
,
the
child
cryeth
,
neither
is
the
state
of
nurse
&
Infant
alwayes
the
same
.
Extravagants
.
Metalls
.
Qu.
WHerefore
is
it
,
that
melted
metalls
doe
burne
more
vehemently
than
the
fire
it selfe
?
An.
Nothing
burneth
more
strongly
than
fire
:
but
it
burneth
more
vehemently
in
char-coale
,
than
in
any
other
fuell
;
and
more
in
liquid
metalls
,
than
in
charcoale
;
and
by
how
much
every
solid
body
is
more
dense
,
so
much
the
more
forcibly
it
is
inflamed
:
For
it
was
alwayes
Natures
pleasure
,
that
a
greater
force
should
bee
in
the
efficient
cause
,
than
in
the
effect
.
Qu.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
the
heate
of
the
fire
is
feebled
by
the
Sunne
shining
upon
it
,
and
hot
water
is
sooner
cooled
standing
in
the
Sunne
,
than
in
a
coole
shade
?
An.
By
the
reason
that
contraries
doe
contend
for
supereminence
,
and
predominance
of
power
and
force
.
Qu.
Wherefore
is
it
easier
to
overthrow
false
opinions
,
than
to
establish
true
ones
?
An.
The
reason
is
two-fold
:
the
first
,
because
it
is
easier
to
pull
downe
,
than
to
build
:
secondly
,
falsehood
may
be
pronounced
upon
any
thing
many
wayes
,
and
truth
but
one
.
Qu.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
wee
gather
those
fruits
,
which
wee
desire
should
be
faultlesse
in
the
wane
of
the
Moone
,
and
gueld
cattell
more
safely
in
the
wane
,
than
in
the
increase
?
An.
Because
in
that
season
bodies
have
lesse
humour
and
heate
,
by
which
an
innated
putrefaction
is
wont
to
make
them
faulty
and
unsound
.
Qu.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
a
stone
being
throwne
into
the
Dalmaticke
Denne
or
Cave
,
or
into
the
Pyrenaean
Lake
,
or
the
stones
of
the
Altar
upon
the
Mount
Sacon
,
which
is
one
of
the
Pyrenaean
,
presently
strange
Tempests
,
stormes
of
Haile
,
Thunder
,
and
Lightning
doe
ensue
?
An.
Because
the
wofull
experience
of
the
Inhabitants
hath
proved
it
,
but
Philosophy
at
this
question
is
silent
:
insomuch
that
it
is
death
for
any
man
to
fling
a
stone
into
those
places
,
or
to
touch
the
stones
of
that
Altar
in
Sacon
,
whereon
these
words
are
written
in
Latin
,
NE
QVID
IN
MONTE
SACONE
.
But
the
causes
of
the
many
detriments
which
have
immediately
ensued
upon
the
neglect
of
some
travellers
therein
,
is
ascribed
to
the
worker
of
all
evill
.
Qu.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
the
Northerly
windes
blowing
beyond
the
Tropicke
of
Cancer
,
men
neither
sowe
,
plant
,
plough
,
nor
open
a
wound
,
or
cancor
without
losse
and
detriment
?
An.
Because
the
Ayre
of
its
owne
nature
being
cold
,
especially
in
a
Northerne
winde
it
cooles
more
and
more
those
things
,
which
by
being
destitute
of
heate
to
cherish
and
relieve
them
,
by
the
intense
cold
are
utterly
lost
.
Of
Physitians
,
and
many
other
severall
things
.
Qu.
WHy
doe
Physitians
hold
,
that
a
surfeit
of
meate
is
more
dangerous
than
a
furfeit
of
drink
?
An.
Because
drinke
is
sooner
digested
than
meate
;
for
meate
is
of
greater
substance
,
and
more
materiall
than
drinke
:
and
therefore
meate
is
harder
of
digestion
,
especially
when
it
is
ingurgitated
.
Qu.
Why
doe
Physitians
forbid
us
to
read
or
write
,
or
to
use
any
violent
labour
presently
after
dinner
or
supper
?
An.
Because
any
violent
motion
doth
jogge
or
hinder
the
stomacke
when
the
meat
is
in
it
,
of
its
digestion
,
and
by
that
reason
doth
not
turne
to
nutriment
,
but
rather
breeds
crudities
,
and
rawnesse
of
the
stomacke
:
but
rather
let
any
one
walke
gently
,
that
the
meate
may
descend
to
the
bottome
of
the
stomacke
,
that
the
vertue
of
the
meate
may
cherish
the
other
parts
of
the
body
.
Qu.
Why
doe
the
Physitians
hold
it
bad
for
any
one
to
lye
in
their
beds
with
their
faces
upwards
?
An.
Because
they
say
,
it
doth
engender
not
onely
a
Dropsie
,
but
also
the
Vertego
in
the
braine
,
and
causeth
the
humours
to
runne
crosse
his
stomacke
and
heart
,
which
maketh
a
stop
in
some
by
the
grossenesse
of
their
humours
,
and
evill
imaginations
;
and
that
is
termed
the
Night-mare
,
which
humours
lye
so
heavy
upon
his
stomacke
by
this
reason
,
that
it
makes
rather
a
destraction
,
then
any
naturall
repose
.
Therefore
it
is
good
to
lye
sometimes
on
the
right
,
and
then
againe
on
the
left
side
.
Qu.
Why
is
it
held
wholesome
to
vomite
,
when
the
stomacke
is
oppressed
?
An.
Because
it
doth
cleanse
the
stomack
of
such
grosse
humours
,
which
otherwise
would
breed
diseases
in
the
body
,
and
cause
Catarhs
in
the
head
:
therefore
vomiting
naturally
is
held
very
good
,
because
then
nature
doth
helpe
to
evacuate
that
which
formerly
was
oppressed
by
excesse
.
Therefore
after
vomiting
to
settle
the
stomacke
againe
,
it
is
good
to
have
a
little
Mithridate
mixt
with
conserves
of
Roses
,
and
to
eate
that
,
and
sweate
upon
it
,
if
occasion
will
give
you
leave
.
Qu.
Why
doth
sleepe
comfort
for
t
and
refresh
the
stomacke
of
man
?
An.
Because
that
in
sleepe
our
naturall
heate
doth
repaire
inward
,
and
so
doth
helpe
to
concoct
and
digest
what
wee
have
formerly
eaten
,
and
so
doth
dilate
it selfe
into
every
veine
of
man
,
which
is
the
nourishment
.
Qu.
Why
hath
not
a
Horse
,
or
a
Camell
,
or
a
Pigeon
,
or
a
Dove
no
gall
?
An.
Many
affirme
,
that
all
these
creatures
have
galls
,
although
the
gall
bee
not
contayned
in
a
vessel
by
it selfe
,
as
other
Animals
have
;
yet
they
have
a
veine
in
which
the
gall
is
dispersed
into
the
severall
parts
of
the
body
;
for
none
of
these
but
can
,
and
doe
remember
an
injury
,
and
is
desirous
of
revenge
,
which
argues
they
have
a
gall
,
though
not
so
apparent
as
others
have
.
Qu.
Why
doe
all
living
creatures
desire
sleepe
?
An.
For
necessity
,
because
the
instruments
of
nature
,
by
their
severall
actions
in
the
day
are
wearied
,
being
so
long
awake
,
and
by
their
sleepe
they
receive
againe
comfort
and
vigour
.
Qu.
Why
doe
most
men
desire
sleepe
after
their
meate
?
An.
Because
,
when
the
stomacke
is
full
,
and
overcharged
with
meate
,
the
pores
are
stopped
,
and
cannot
have
so
suddainly
a
passage
;
which
heate
of
the
stomacke
ascendeth
by
fumes
into
the
braine
,
and
to
causeth
heavinesse
and
sleepe
:
therefore
it
is
good
to
leave
alwayes
with
an
appetited
and
to
abstaine
from
excesse
▪
which
will
breed
infirmities
.
Qu.
Why
doe
men
willingly
sleepe
after
their
labour
?
An.
Because
that
through
continuall
motion
of
our
bodies
,
the
naturall
heate
is
dispersed
to
the
outward
parts
of
the
body
;
the
which
after
that
the
labour
is
past
,
gathereth
together
againe
to
the
inward
parts
,
there
to
helpe
nature
to
digest
that
meate
we
have
formerly
received
:
And
from
digestion
fumes
doe
arise
from
the
heart
to
the
braine
,
the
which
vapours
doe
stop
the
pores
of
the
body
,
by
which
the
naturall
heate
should
be
dispersed
to
the
outward
parts
:
and
then
the
said
outward
parts
being
cold
and
humid
,
by
reason
of
the
coldnesse
of
the
braine
sleep
is
procured
,
and
that
sleepe
prooves
sweet
which
is
got
by
labour
.
Qu.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
a
man
may
sleepe
more
soundly
in
some
one
house
,
than
in
another
?
An.
Because
the
situation
of
the
one
may
be
more
proper
to
that
effect
,
than
that
of
the
other
,
and
according
to
the
nature
of
the
clymate
,
as
by
being
elongated
,
and
remote
from
any
obstreperous
noises
,
and
the
like
.
Also
in
cold
,
humid
,
and
moist
places
the
inhabitant
is
more
apt
to
sleepe
,
than
hee
in
the
hot
and
dry
:
for
,
as
I
sayd
,
cold
and
moysture
doe
enduce
sleepe
.
Qu.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
the
disposition
,
or
indisposition
to
sleepe
,
is
more
or
lesse
at
some
times
of
the
yeere
?
An.
By
reason
of
the
different
vicissitudes
of
times
.
As
in
rainy
weather
generally
men
incline
to
be
sleepy
,
by
the
reason
of
the
moysture
of
the
Ayre
,
which
the
braine
participates
of
.
In
hot
and
faire
weather
not
so
:
But
generally
all
covet
it
more
in
the
Winter
,
than
in
Summer
,
by
the
reason
aforesaid
.
Qu.
Why
are
most
creatures
sad
after
the
act
of
generation
?
An.
Galen
saith
,
speaking
in
a
divine
way
,
because
the
act
in
it selfe
is
uncleane
;
and
by
that
reason
when
the
spirit
is
spent
,
or
when
it
is
thought
upon
by
man
,
hee
is
ashamed
,
and
at
that
time
heavy
and
sad
;
and
withall
it
causeth
sleepe
,
the
better
to
hearten
and
cherish
man
againe
when
he
awakens
.
Qu.
Why
doth
it
appeare
unto
some
in
their
sleepe
,
that
they
eate
and
drinke
sweete
things
,
and
also
smell
flowers
,
and
heare
Musicke
?
An.
Because
the
rhume
exhaled
from
the
stomacke
,
doth
ascend
to
the
braine
,
which
causeth
pleasant
fancies
to
be
thought
upon
:
and
more
especially
we
dreame
of
such
thing
,
that
we
least
thought
of
when
sleepe
doth
seaze
us
:
and
againe
,
when
the
rhume
doth
distill
down
againe
,
it
doth
to
our
imagination
taste
sweet
.
Qu.
How
many
severall
waies
is
the
braine
purged
of
their
humours
?
An.
Many
wayes
;
the
watry
humours
are
evacuated
by
the
eyes
,
which
if
too
violent
,
causeth
blindnesse
:
melancholy
by
the
eares
,
if
too
violent
,
causeth
ill
swets
;
choler
by
the
nose
,
which
if
it
be
much
,
causeth
vexation
;
and
phlegme
,
that
is
by
the
haire
,
whichif
too
violent
,
causeth
the
haire
to
shed
,
and
baldnesseth
then
ensues
.
Qu.
Whereupon
doth
it
proceed
that
men
become
pale
,
when
they
are
seased
with
feare
?
A.
Because
the
blood
retires
to
the
vitall
parts
of
the
body
on
a
suddaine
.
Qu.
Why
hath
a
Serpent
his
poyson
in
the
tayle
?
An.
Because
the
poyson
is
in
his
excrement
,
and
the
malignity
of
the
venemous
humor
doth
still
abide
there
.
Qu.
Why
did
the
learned
Hypocrates
permit
those
to
drinke
wine
that
had
a
burning
Ague
?
An.
It
was
sayd
hee
,
to
helpe
digestion
,
and
to
strengthen
the
vitall
parts
.
Qu.
Why
are
the
feet
,
hands
,
face
,
and
other
parts
of
the
body
,
more
cold
than
any
other
parts
of
the
body
?
An.
Because
they
are
not
so
solid
,
or
so
well
knit
together
;
and
are
farther
removed
from
the
heart
and
liver
.
Qu.
Why
doe
sharpe
things
provoke
appetite
?
An.
Because
they
dry
up
the
crude
humours
,
and
so
consequently
close
up
the
mouth
of
the
stomacke
faster
,
which
doth
cause
appetite
.
Qu.
Why
doe
Lettuce
and
Poppy
provoke
sleepe
?
An.
Because
they
engender
,
and
breed
grosse
and
thicke
humours
.
Qu.
Why
is
Ivy
alwayes
greene
?
An.
Because
the
heate
of
it
is
tempered
and
mixt
with
humidity
and
viscosity
.
Q.
Why
doe
men
neese
sooner
being
in
the
Sunne
,
than
being
neare
the
fire
?
An.
Because
the
heate
of
the
Sun
doth
onely
dissolve
the
humour
,
and
not
consume
it
;
but
the
Fire
doth
both
dissolve
and
consume
it
:
therefore
observe
it
well
,
that
the
wisest
Physitians
though
it
be
very
cold
,
will
not
come
very
neare
the
fire
for
this
reason
.
Qu.
Why
doe
the
eyes
of
a
Cat
,
or
of
a
Wolfe
shine
in
the
night
,
and
not
in
the
day
?
An.
Because
the
greater
light
,
which
is
the
Sunne
,
doth
darken
the
lesser
;
as
it
may
appeare
by
a
Torch
held
in
the
day
,
which
giveth
no
light
,
to
that
of
the
Sunne
.
Qu.
Why
is
the
white
of
an
Egge
of
so
hard
a
digestion
,
if
it
be
sod
,
or
rosted
too
much
:
seeing
that
it
is
the
body
of
the
Chicken
if
it
came
to
perfection
,
and
the
yelke
onely
the
intrailes
?
An.
Because
of
the
great
coldnesse
of
it
,
being
taken
before
it
came
to
perfection
.
Qu.
Why
doth
Burrage
layd
in
wine
,
and
Marygold
drunk
in
wine
,
rejoyce
those
that
drinke
it
?
An.
Because
Burrage
doth
increase
blood
,
and
the
Marygolds
comfort
and
strengthen
the
heart
.
Qu.
Why
doe
those
that
oftentimes
weepe
,
pisse
seldome
?
An.
Because
the
humidity
taking
his
passage
or
current
by
the
eyes
,
doth
ease
so
much
the
more
the
other
parts
and
members
of
the
body
;
but
it
is
very
hurtfull
to
the
sight
:
for
the
rhume
being
salt
,
issuing
out
by
the
eyes
,
causeth
the
eyes
in
time
to
want
their
cleare
sight
,
and
grow
dimme
.
Qu.
Why
doe
some
Men
drinke
water
,
which
notwithstanding
doth
not
nourish
?
A.
Water
doth
run
through
quickly
,
and
doth
spend
the
digestion
of
the
meate
through
al
parts
of
the
body
.
Qu.
Why
are
those
that
are
drunke
,
cold
?
An.
By
reason
of
the
wine
taken
immoderately
,
which
quencheth
and
qualifieth
the
naturall
heate
of
the
body
.
Qu.
Why
doe
Physitians
not
minister
Physicke
,
when
the
sicknesse
or
disease
is
at
the
chiefest
,
but
onely
cordials
?
An.
Because
they
should
not
oppresse
or
hinder
Nature
,
but
rather
comfort
and
helpe
it
.
Qu.
Why
are
fat
things
not
subject
so
soone
to
corruption
as
leane
?
An.
Because
they
participate
so
much
of
the
ayre
,
and
of
the
fire
,
being
hot
and
dry
.
Qu.
What
is
the
reason
,
that
some
men
are
more
able
to
endure
longer
travaile
than
other
?
An.
Because
some
men
are
more
cholericke
,
and
some
more
phlegmaticke
;
and
choler
doth
sooner
destroy
nature
than
phlegme
.
Qu.
What
is
the
reason
,
that
when
we
are
an
hungry
,
our
spettle
is
more
salter
than
at
other
times
?
An.
Because
hunger
increaseth
choler
,
which
easily
becometh
bitter
,
by
reason
of
his
sharpnesse
,
which
gnaweth
upon
the
mouth
of
the
stomacke
.
Qu.
Why
are
Women
commonly
fatter
than
men
?
An.
Because
they
are
colder
of
complexion
,
and
doe
lesse
exercise
.
Qu.
What
is
the
cause
that
the
milke
of
a
white
haired
woman
is
not
held
so
wholesome
,
as
that
of
them
that
are
browne
?
An.
Because
blacke
and
browne
women
are
hotter
of
constitution
,
and
nature
;
and
therefore
by
consequence
their
milk
is
better
digested
.
Qu.
Wherefore
are
those
that
have
great
heads
,
more
given
to
sleepe
,
than
those
that
have
little
Heads
?
An.
The
greater
the
thing
is
,
the
more
vapours
it
doth
containe
,
and
humidity
and
moystnesse
doth
cause
sleep
.
Q.
Why
are
leekes
and
cabbages
nought
for
the
eyes
?
An.
By
reason
of
the
melancholy
blood
,
and
sharpe
rhume
they
ingender
in
the
stomacke
,
which
flyes
into
the
braine
,
and
distills
inthe
eyes
.
Qu.
Wherefore
is
it
held
dangerous
to
fast
long
?
An.
By
reason
that
by
too
much
fasting
,
a
company
of
ill
humors
are
ingendred
,
and
so
will
beget
diseases
,
and
cause
vomit
.
Qu.
What
is
the
cause
that
wee
have
better
stomacks
to
our
meate
when
the
winde
is
in
the
North
,
than
at
other
times
?
An.
By
reason
of
his
coldnesse
,
which
knits
together
,
and
holds
within
us
the
natural
heat
of
our
bodies
,
which
causeth
a
quick
digestion
.
Qu.
What
is
the
reason
,
that
Vinegar
is
very
wholesome
to
those
that
are
cholerick
,
and
is
of
contrary
operation
to
those
that
are
melancholy
?
An.
Because
it
asswageth
choler
by
his
coldnesse
,
and
by
his
heate
dryes
up
melancholy
.
Qu.
What
is
the
reason
,
that
some
men
have
hard
haire
,
and
some
againe
have
soft
?
An.
The
greatnesse
and
smalnesse
of
the
pores
of
the
body
,
is
the
cause
of
it
;
for
soft
haire
commeth
by
reason
of
the
smalnesse
of
them
,
and
hard
haire
for
the
contrary
:
And
therefore
women
have
commonly
softer
haire
than
men
,
because
their
naturall
cold
doth
restraine
and
close
the
pores
.
Qu.
Why
is
a
dead
body
heavier
than
that
which
hath
life
within
?
An.
A
body
alive
is
full
of
ayre
and
fire
,
which
doe
hold
it
upright
;
for
their
nature
is
alwayes
to
mount
upwards
,
and
a
dead
body
is
nothing
but
a
lumpe
of
earth
,
whose
nature
is
heavy
and
melancholy
,
and
alwayes
tending
downwards
.
Qu.
What
is
the
cause
that
some
dye
for
very
joy
,
and
some
againe
with
griefe
and
sadnesse
?
An.
Because
great
joy
doth
coole
and
refrigerate
too
much
at
that
time
the
inward
and
vitall
parts
of
man
;
and
too
much
sorrow
and
pensivenesse
doth
as
it
were
suffocate
and
choake
them
.
Qu.
Why
hath
Nature
made
the
lungs
of
all
creatures
spungeous
,
or
full
of
holes
,
like
unto
a
spunge
?
An.
To
the
end
it
might
receive
the
ayre
the
better
,
to
coole
and
qualifie
the
heart
,
and
to
drive
away
from
it
all
such
vapours
as
are
hurtfull
unto
it
.
Qu.
Why
is
our
heart
placed
in
the
middest
of
the
body
?
A.
To
quicken
equally
all
the
members
thereof
,
even
as
the
Sunne
giveth
heat
equally
to
all
vegetable
things
,
being
in
the
middest
of
the
Heaven
.
Qu.
What
is
the
cause
that
men
doe
neese
,
and
the
benefit
of
it
?
A.
Some
say
,
by
extreame
cold
taken
from
the
feete
,
which
presently
ascends
into
the
braine
,
and
the
braine
being
so
pure
,
that
it
will
not
suffer
the
pia
mater
to
suffer
wrong
,
makes
men
to
neese
:
and
because
that
the
expulsive
vertue
or
power
,
and
the
sight
should
there
by
be
purged
;
and
the
braine
also
from
super
fluities
which
oppresse
it
so
much
,
which
if
they
did
not
purge
either
by
the
counsell
or
advice
of
a
Physitian
,
or
else
by
neesing
,
will
prove
very
dangerous
:
And
those
which
neese
oft
,
are
held
to
have
a
strong
and
an
able
braine
;
and
those
that
cannot
neese
,
which
are
sicke
,
or
diseased
,
dye
suddenly
;
because
it
is
a
manifest
token
that
their
braine
,
or
pia
mater
is
stuffed
with
humor
,
and
nature
hath
lost
her
naturall
office
,
or
function
.
Qu.
Why
have
men
more
teeth
than
women
?
An.
By
reason
of
aboundance
of
heate
and
blood
in
the
male
kind
,
which
is
not
so
hot
in
the
female
kind
.
Qu.
What
is
the
reason
,
that
wine
mingled
with
water
provoketh
urine
?
An.
Because
water
being
mingled
with
wine
,
hurts
the
stomack
,
&
weakens
the
retaining
vertue
or
strength
of
the
wine
;
whereas
wine
alone
doth
cherish
and
comfort
the
heart
.
Qu.
Why
doe
ancient
men
and
women
neese
with
great
difficulty
?
An.
Because
of
the
decay
of
nature
,
and
the
narrownesse
of
the
pores
of
their
body
,
which
wants
that
vigour
which
youth
enjoyes
.
Qu.
Why
is
man
of
all
other
creatures
whatsoever
,
more
subject
to
diseases
&
infirmities
than
any
other
creature
?
An.
By
reason
of
his
intemperance
;
and
likewise
being
composed
of
the
foure
Elements
;
and
having
blood
,
choler
,
phlegme
,
and
melancholy
,
and
one
of
these
more
predominant
than
the
other
,
causeth
sicknesse
:
and
therefore
Schola
Salerni
saith
,
Esse
cupis
sanus
,
sit
tibi
parcamanus
:
That
is
,
If
thou
wilt
live
in
health
,
have
a
niggardly
hand
:
that
is
,
Use
temperance
of
Dyet
.
Qu.
Why
doe
Physitians
hold
it
a
dangerous
matter
to
let
a
fat
man
blood
?
An.
Because
those
that
are
grosse
and
fat
,
have
smaller
veines
,
and
the
veines
are
more
hidden
,
and
appeare
not
so
much
:
Moreover
,
they
have
but
little
blood
,
and
as
small
an
appetite
,
and
are
no
way
able
to
digest
that
meate
which
the
retentive
part
requires
.
Qu.
What
is
the
reason
that
the
beast
called
a
Camelion
,
changeth
so
often
his
colours
?
An.
By
reason
of
his
great
feare
and
timorousnesse
,
and
by
reason
hee
maketh
much
of
his
blood
:
but
hee
will
change
the
oftner
,
and
with
greater
delight
to
the
beholder
,
if
you
lay
a
cloath
of
that
colour
under
him
,
which
you
desire
to
see
him
change
to
.
Qu.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
an
Orenge
being
roasted
,
and
put
hot
into
a
glasse
of
wine
,
gathers
about
it
a
kinde
of
pearly
froth
?
An.
Because
the
heate
of
the
fire
piercing
the
pores
of
the
rinde
of
the
Orenge
,
by
which
heate
those
pores
are
opened
:
(
as
the
nature
of
heate
is
proper
to
that
effect
,
and
the
property
of
cold
to
shut
up
,
or
close
them
:
)
which
being
roasted
,
and
put
hot
into
wine
,
a
liquor
naturally
cold
,
but
operatively
hot
,
the
ambient
cold
suddenly
stopping
the
pores
of
the
rinde
,
and
the
incident
heat
striving
by
the
way
of
Antipathy
to
make
a
way
out
,
is
restrayned
by
the
over
domineering
cold
and
moysture
,
which
are
the
opposites
of
fire
,
and
so
appeares
in
small
bubbles
like
pearles
.
Qu.
Wherefore
is
it
,
that
it
never
snoweth
in
Summer
?
An.
Because
although
the
cloud
bee
frozen
,
yet
the
Snow
cannot
come
Snow
to
us
,
but
resolved
into
water
;
and
by
reason
that
passing
the
inferiour
region
of
the
Ayre
which
is
hot
,
it
is
melted
:
although
it
falls
,
and
lyes
upon
high
Mountaines
;
because
in
high
places
it
is
alwayes
cold
.
Qu.
Why
doe
men
use
to
lay
lime
or
chalke
at
the
roote
of
Cherry-trees
,
and
other
fruit-trees
?
An.
Because
the
Lime
is
hot
and
dry
,
and
in
the
winter
season
doth
as
it
were
nourish
and
heate
the
roote
,
as
the
Sun
doth
in
Summer
;
and
by
thus
doing
you
may
have
ripe
fruite
before
the
time
.
Qu.
Why
is
a
storme
said
to
follow
presently
,
when
a
company
of
Hogges
runne
crying
home
?
An.
Some
say
,
that
a
Hog
is
most
dull
,
and
of
a
melancholy
nature
;
and
so
by
reason
doth
fore-see
the
raine
that
commeth
:
And
in
time
of
raine
,
indeed
I
have
observed
,
that
most
cattell
doe
pricke
up
their
eares
.
As
for
example
,
an
Asse
will
,
when
hee
perceiveth
a
storme
of
raine
or
haile
doth
follow
.
Qu.
Why
did
nature
give
all
living
creatures
Eares
?
An.
For
two
maine
reasons
:
for
so
saith
Galen
,
because
that
with
those
eares
they
should
heare
any
thing
comming
to
them
.
Secondly
,
because
that
by
them
the
cholericke
humour
is
evacuated
and
purged
:
for
as
the
head
is
purged
from
phlegmaticke
superfluities
by
the
nostrills
:
so
by
the
eares
are
the
cholericke
superfluities
purged
,
or
driven
out
.
Q.
What
is
the
reason
,
that
for
to
see
the
better
,
we
doe
use
commonly
to
winke
with
one
eye
?
An.
Because
the
one
eye
might
bee
ayded
with
the
sence
of
the
other
eye
,
which
is
shut
and
closed
.
Qu.
What
is
the
cause
of
the
Hydropsie
?
An.
The
great
cold
of
the
liver
,
which
comes
from
the
crudities
of
the
stomacke
.
Qu.
Why
doe
those
that
have
the
yellow
laundise
,
find
Honey
to
be
bitter
in
taste
?
An.
By
reason
of
the
great
choler
and
inflammation
wherewith
their
tongue
and
palate
of
their
mouth
is
infected
.
Qu.
Why
doe
Musk-millons
and
Cucumbers
provoke
urine
?
An.
By
reason
of
their
great
humidity
and
coldnesse
,
which
causeth
a
man
very
soone
to
make
urine
.
Qu.
Why
hath
birds
and
other
feathered
fowle
no
spettle
?
An.
Because
they
have
dry
lungs
;
as
Aristotle
more
at
large
manifests
in
his
Booke
De
anima
.
Qu.
Why
doe
not
birds
evacuate
by
urine
?
An.
That
creature
,
let
it
be
whatsoever
,
that
doth
not
sucke
,
doth
never
pisse
.
Qu.
Why
doe
men
yawne
,
or
gape
?
An.
The
learned
Hippocrates
doth
affirme
,
that
it
proceedeth
of
wearisomnesse
,
or
being
tyred
with
a
discourse
which
is
neither
pertinent
,
or
permanent
:
as
when
a
man
is
constrayned
to
tarry
among
such
as
hee
doth
not
know
,
whose
society
hee
could
willingly
bee
rid
of
:
And
againe
,
gaping
is
caused
of
the
thicke
fumes
and
vapours
which
fill
the
jawes
,
by
the
expulsion
of
the
which
is
caused
the
stretching
out
,
and
extension
of
the
jawes
,
and
opening
of
the
mouth
,
which
is
called
gaping
,
or
yawning
.
Variety
of
Extravagents
.
Qu.
WHy
hath
Nature
not
given
a
sting
to
the
King
of
the
Bees
,
and
hath
furnished
all
other
Bees
therewith
?
An.
To
teach
Princes
,
that
nothing
becommeth
their
dignity
lesse
than
tyranny
,
and
that
their
onely
defence
should
consist
in
the
strength
and
force
of
their
subjects
.
Qu.
What
water
is
in
the
sight
of
God
most
precious
,
and
in
the
taste
of
men
most
unsavorous
?
An.
The
unfained
teares
of
a
penitent
sinner
.
Q.
What
is
that
which
most
delighteth
,
and
most
deceiveth
a
woman
?
An.
A
mans
dissimulation
,
which
hath
such
a
sweet
passage
through
his
tongue
,
as
it
delighteth
as
the
Syrens
songs
,
and
turnes
to
as
deceitfull
conclusion
as
the
Crockadiles
teares
?
Qu.
Of
what
three
things
repented
himselfe
Cato
done
in
bis
life
time
?
An.
To
have
overslipt
a
day
,
and
not
to
have
increased
his
knowledge
:
to
have
gone
by
sea
,
where
he
might
have
gone
by
land
:
and
thirdly
,
to
have
committed
his
secrets
to
a
woman
.
Qu.
Why
ought
wee
not
to
disclose
our
secrets
unto
women
?
An.
Because
they
cannot
keepe
their
owne
.
Qu.
Why
are
there
so
many
that
live
discontented
in
wedlocke
?
An.
Because
their
first
love
was
grounded
upon
lust
,
or
else
in
making
of
their
rash
choice
,
they
had
more
regard
to
the
womans
dowry
,
than
to
her
conditions
:
or
else
the
woman
respected
more
the
mans
purse
than
his
personage
,
or
more
his
body
than
his
good
or
ill
qualities
.
Qu.
Why
was
Diogenes
called
a
dog
?
An.
Because
he
did
bite
indifferently
doth
his
foes
&
his
friends
,
but
his
friends
to
their
good
and
amendment
,
and
his
enemies
to
their
shame
and
confusion
.
Qu.
What
men
are
very
dangerous
in
a
Common-wealth
?
An.
Those
that
affect
novelties
.
Qu.
What
three
things
are
the
life
and
death
of
life
?
An.
Baths
,
wine
,
and
women
;
for
as
the
use
of
them
is
restitution
,
so
is
the
abuse
of
them
life
and
healths
destruction
.
Qu.
What
man
is
worthily
called
hold
and
couragious
?
An.
He
that
loves
his
life
,
and
yet
feares
not
death
.
Qu.
Why
were
Iudges
in
times
past
painted
without
hands
?
An.
To
signifie
thereby
,
that
Justice
ought
not
to
bee
corrupted
with
bribes
.
Qu.
In
what
sort
should
a
man
seeke
profit
of
the
Common-wealth
?
An.
As
at
a
fire
,
which
if
one
sit
too
neare
unto
,
doth
scorch
himselfe
;
and
being
too
farre
off
it
,
sustaineth
cold
.
Qu.
What
men
are
chiefly
deceived
?
An.
Those
that
looke
for
tow
contrary
things
at
one
time
,
namely
,
for
pleasure
,
and
the
reward
of
vertue
.
Qu.
How
many
wayes
is
violence
chiefly
committed
?
An.
Two
wayes
,
either
by
deceit
,
or
by
force
:
the
one
is
the
practice
of
the
Foxe
,
and
the
other
of
the
Lyon
;
and
both
of
them
are
most
farre
from
humanity
.
Qu.
Why
is
vertue
had
in
so
small
account
?
An.
Because
she
is
plaine
,
and
cannot
dissemble
.
Qu.
What
men
are
most
ingratefull
to
themselves
,
and
least
hurtfull
to
other
men
?
An.
Those
that
are
covetous
and
envious
;
for
as
these
pine
away
at
other
mens
welfare
and
prosperity
:
so
the
other
endanger
their
soules
to
leave
rich
,
and
perhaps
unthankfull
heires
behing
them
.
Qu.
Why
is
Heaven
said
to
have
a
low
gate
?
An.
Because
those
that
shall
enter
into
it
,
must
first
stoope
low
,
and
learne
humility
.
Qu.
Why
did
Antiquity
in
their
Churches
place
a
Crosse
upon
the
entrance
of
the
Quire
?
An.
Because
the
body
of
the
Church
did
represent
the
Church
militant
upon
earth
,
and
the
Quire
the
Church
tryumphant
in
Heaven
:
to
teach
us
hereby
,
that
no
man
would
come
from
the
one
into
the
other
,
unlesse
he
did
suffer
first
persecutions
.
Qu.
How
might
a
foole
resemble
a
wise
man
?
An.
In
hiding
of
his
folly
by
silence
.
Qu.
What
three
things
doe
men
most
covet
?
An.
Riches
,
pleasure
,
and
honour
.
Riches
be
the
nurses
of
sin
and
iniquity
.
Pleasures
the
guides
to
calamity
.
And
honour
the
pompe
of
worldly
vanities
.
Qu.
What
is
it
that
women
most
feare
,
and
yet
of
it
doe
most
desire
the
occasion
?
An.
To
be
with
child
they
most
desire
,
and
feare
most
the
houre
of
their
delivery
.
Qu.
What
men
transforme
themselves
into
Angels
of
light
,
and
are
nothing
but
devils
incarnate
?
An.
Hypocrites
.
Qu.
Who
is
the
Mother
of
all
mankind
?
An.
The
earth
,
even
by
the
Oracle
of
Apollo
:
for
this
Oracle
being
demanded
by
certaine
Princes
that
were
in
controversie
for
the
Kingdome
of
Aegypt
,
who
should
succeed
the
late
King
deceased
;
answered
,
that
he
should
not
onely
bee
installed
King
of
the
Kingdome
of
Aegypt
,
that
first
should
kisse
his
mother
,
but
should
likewise
become
Monarch
of
all
Asia
.
This
answer
being
reported
by
the
Priest
unto
the
Princes
that
were
then
attending
without
upon
the
Oracle
;
Darius
having
heard
it
,
stept
suddenly
from
his
horse
,
and
kist
the
ground
,
saying
,
that
the
earth
was
the
mother
of
all
mankind
.
The
Princes
that
could
not
deny
it
,
made
and
created
him
King
,
who
afterward
conquered
all
Asia
,
and
became
quiet
Monarch
of
many
Kingdomes
.
Qu.
Who
kill
their
mother
ere
they
bee
borne
,
in
the
revenge
of
their
father
that
begat
them
?
An.
Vipers
;
for
as
the
Male
and
Female
ingender
by
the
mouth
,
so
the
damme
being
kindled
with
lust
in
the
Art
of
Venery
,
bites
off
the
males
head
;
and
the
young
ones
ere
they
bee
borne
,
gnaw
their
mothers
belly
open
to
come
forth
,
and
so
doe
kill
her
.
Qu.
What
is
it
that
soonest
waxethold
?
A.
A
benefit
;
for
nothing
is
sooner
forgotten
than
a
good
turne
,
and
nothing
longer
remembred
than
an
injury
.
Qu.
Vpon
what
men
are
almes
deeds
worst
bestowed
?
An.
Vpon
blind
men
,
for
they
would
bee
glad
to
see
him
hanged
that
relieves
them
.
I
would
not
that
any
man
should
interprete
them
in
earnest
,
which
is
onely
written
in
a
merriment
,
and
that
for
this
they
should
withdraw
their
charity
from
such
poore
men
.
Qu.
Why
doe
most
men
delight
more
in
flesh
than
in
fish
,
and
why
it
is
wholesomer
unto
the
body
?
A.
Because
it
strengthneth
more
,
and
is
of
sounder
nourishment
;
or
else
because
it
agrees
better
with
the
substance
of
our
bodies
.
Qu.
Whereby
doth
a
womans
love
resemble
the
shadow
of
our
bodies
?
An.
Even
as
our
shadow
,
if
we
run
towards
,
doth
fleete
away
from
us
,
and
if
we
run
from
it
,
doth
follow
us
:
so
the
love
of
a
woman
,
if
wee
fondly
pursue
it
,
wil
disdaine
us
,
but
if
we
set
light
by
it
,
or
seeme
to
run
from
it
,
will
most
earnestly
desire
us
.
Qu.
What
is
the
greatest
friend
to
men
at
liberty
,
and
most
enemy
to
such
as
are
condemned
?
A.
Hope
,
which
encourageth
men
at
liberty
to
attempt
great
matters
,
and
maketh
such
as
are
condemned
,
unprepared
for
death
.
Qu.
Why
is
favour
bought
with
money
,
most
uncertaine
?
An.
Because
by
discontinuance
of
giving
,
it
breeds
inward
grudging
,
and
by
the
ceasing
of
liberality
,
it
bursts
out
into
open
hatred
?
Qu.
What
is
the
hardest
thing
to
be
learned
?
An.
To
learne
to
know
himselfe
.
Qu.
What
doth
cast
from
it
a
greater
heate
than
fire
?
An.
Beauty
,
which
setteth
not
onely
on
fire
those
that
touch
it
,
but
also
those
that
a
farre
off
doe
behold
it
.
Qu.
Why
doe
Pullets
(
their
throats
being
cut
)
survive
after
it
longer
than
men
?
An.
Chickens
and
Pullets
have
smaller
sinews
and
veines
,
and
therefore
life
cannot
so
soone
leave
them
.
Qu.
Why
did
the
Lace
demonians
sacrifice
a
〈◊〉
,
when
they
had
obtained
victory
against
their
enemies
by
maine
force
:
and
an
Oxe
,
when
they
had
overthrowne
them
by
subtilty
,
surprise
,
or
intelligence
?
An.
Because
they
preferred
Prudence
and
Wit
before
force
,
or
bodily
strength
:
and
therefore
a
certaine
Captaine
of
Grecia
was
wont
to
say
,
If
a
Lyons
skin
cannot
prevaile
,
adde
unto
it
the
skinne
of
a
Foxe
:
meaning
thereby
,
if
force
cannot
,
use
policy
.
Qu.
What
is
the
reason
,
that
the
bottome
of
a
Kettell
,
being
full
of
boyling
water
,
and
hanging
over
the
fire
,
is
cold
notwithstanding
?
An.
By
reason
of
the
hot
vapours
which
continually
doe
mount
upwards
,
wherewith
the
higher
parts
being
warmed
,
the
bottome
remaines
coole
for
the
continuance
of
the
water
that
is
upon
it
.
Qu.
What
is
the
immoderate
use
of
too
much
liberty
?
An.
An
occasion
oftentimes
of
bondage
&
slavery
.
Qu.
How
,
or
what
are
the
gifts
of
Fortune
?
An.
Such
as
are
the
mindes
of
those
that
possesse
them
,
a
helpe
and
comfort
to
them
that
can
use
them
,
and
a
ruine
and
overthrow
to
them
that
know
not
how
to
use
them
.
Qu.
Why
were
it
better
to
be
among
Ravens
,
than
to
live
among
flatterers
?
An.
Because
Ravens
prey
not
upon
men
but
when
they
are
dead
;
but
flatterers
devoure
them
even
when
they
are
alive
.
Qu.
Why
did
Solon
establish
no
Law
against
Parisides
?
An.
Because
hee
thought
that
such
an
enormity
could
not
be
committed
by
a
child
,
and
therefore
(
because
hee
should
not
seeme
rather
to
remember
men
of
such
a
wickednesse
,
than
to
forbid
it
)
would
in
no
wise
appoint
any
punishment
for
it
.
Q.
How
should
Parents
take
the
death
of
their
children
?
An.
As
Anaxagoras
and
a
Lady
of
Lacena
did
:
for
newes
being
brought
to
the
one
of
his
sonnes
departure
out
of
this
life
,
answered
the
messengers
,
That
hee
knew
long
since
that
he
had
begotten
a
mortall
man
.
And
this
Lady
,
whose
constancy
deserveth
no
lesse
praise
&
commendation
,
having
heard
that
her
sonne
was
slaine
in
the
battaile
,
said
to
those
that
first
brought
her
the
tidings
hereof
:
To
that
end
have
I
brought
him
to
the
world
,
that
there
should
not
bee
wanting
,
one
that
should
doubt
,
and
refuse
to
spend
his
life
and
blood
in
the
defence
of
his
Countrey
.
Qu.
Who
may
bee
said
to
suffer
water
continually
to
bee
drawne
out
of
his
spring
,
and
yet
for
it
hath
nothing
the
lesse
himselfe
?
An.
He
that
giveth
good
counsell
to
them
that
demand
it
;
or
he
that
bestoweth
a
benefit
upon
another
,
without
any
hinderance
to
himselfe
.
Qu.
By
what
meanes
shall
one
become
rich
quickly
?
An.
In
being
poore
of
desire
:
and
therefore
Seneca
said
,
If
you
have
respect
wherewith
nature
is
sufficed
,
you
shall
never
be
poore
;
but
if
you
looke
unto
that
which
opinion
craveth
,
you
shall
never
be
rich
.
Qu.
What
men
are
said
to
live
onely
,
and
longest
?
An.
Those
that
live
onely
,
and
longest
in
ease
&
quiet
:
And
therefore
Adrian
,
a
most
puissant
Emperour
,
who
by
great
travaile
and
intercession
obtained
license
in
the
end
of
his
dayes
,
to
dwell
in
a
little
village
of
his
,
where
hee
lived
seven
yeeres
in
great
rest
and
quiet
,
dying
,
left
an
apparant
token
and
testimony
,
that
the
life
led
in
honor
and
dignity
was
not
the
true
life
,
for
he
caused
words
to
be
graven
on
his
tombe
,
Here
lieth
the
wight
whose
age
is
of
many
yeares
,
but
hee
lived
but
onely
seven
.
Qu.
What
is
marriage
?
An.
A
Paradise
on
earth
if
her
lawes
be
observed
,
but
a
hell
in
the
house
if
her
statutes
be
broken
.
Qu.
What
is
it
that
of
men
is
least
esteemed
,
and
of
God
most
honoured
?
An.
Chastity
,
which
is
precious
before
God
,
and
a
laughing
stocke
before
men
.
Qu.
What
foure
things
have
continuall
residence
in
a
noble
minde
?
An.
Courage
to
repel
the
incroaching
enemy
:
a
heart
to
consider
a
loyall
friend
:
a
hand
to
reward
the
gifts
of
the
simple
:
and
clemency
to
accept
and
pardon
a
well
meaning
mind
.
Qu.
Who
is
alone
a
worthy
and
a
valiant
man
?
An.
Hee
who
doth
never
bow
his
shoulders
at
the
burden
of
misfortunes
,
nor
hee
who
never
panted
at
his
chance
.
Qu.
Wherein
did
Artemisia
declare
her
great
chastity
towards
her
Husband
deceased
?
An.
In
her
entire
love
towards
him
;
for
when
her
Husband
Mansolus
King
of
Caria
was
dead
,
shee
caused
his
heart
to
be
dryed
in
a
vessell
of
Gold
into
pouder
,
and
by
a
little
and
little
dranke
it
all
up
,
saying
,
Their
two
hearts
should
never
depart
asunder
:
and
that
she
thought
there
might
be
no
worthier
sepulcher
made
for
it
,
but
her
owne
body
:
Notwithstanding
she
made
for
his
body
such
a
sepulchre
,
that
for
the
excellent
workmanship
,
beauty
,
and
costlinesse
therof
,
it
was
taken
for
one
of
the
marvells
of
the
world
:
and
for
the
notable
fame
of
it
,
all
sumptuous
and
great
sepulchres
were
afterwards
called
Mansalca
.
Qu.
How
might
a
man
become
master
over
himselfe
?
An.
In
amending
that
in
himselfe
,
which
he
rebuketh
in
another
body
.
Qu.
What
is
the
cause
,
that
in
our
age
there
are
not
so
many
excellent
men
,
as
there
were
in
times
past
?
An.
By
reason
of
Nature
which
dayly
decreaseth
,
or
because
Vertue
is
not
so
much
esteemed
of
now
adayes
,
as
it
was
in
times
past
;
or
else
it
is
the
custome
of
all
ages
to
complaine
.
Qu.
Why
doe
men
seeke
to
avoyde
poverty
?
An.
Because
it
causeth
them
oftentimes
to
decline
from
the
right
way
of
vertue
.
Qu.
What
maketh
men
in
earth
famous
,
in
their
graves
glorious
,
and
in
the
Heavens
immortall
?
An.
Vertue
.