The
occasion
of
the
making
of
London
Triacle
THe
Masters
&
Wardens
of
the
Grocers
companie
,
hauing
by
sundry
yeares
searches
,
wel
marked
and
obserued
,
that
a
filthy
&
vnwholsome
baggage
composition
,
(
termed
commonly
Triacle
of
Geane
)
hath
bene
craftily
,
and
by
couine
of
certaine
lewd
persons
,
in
a
monstrous
quantity
,
some
thousand
weight
yearely
brought
into
this
Realme
,
and
here
to
the
fowle
deceauing
,
and
danger
of
the
liues
of
many
thousands
,
bene
publikely
sould
,
carying
credit
with
all
sorts
of
people
,
onely
for
the
bare
name
sake
of
Theriaca
,
or
Triacle
:
(
as
their
dutie
to
their
country
bound
them
)
did
diuers
yeares
vse
all
such
good
meanes
and
orders
,
as
they
could
deuise
,
to
bannish
cleane
out
of
the
realme
,
or
at
least
to
hinder
much
the
vente
of
such
a
uoysome
and
poysonish
drugge
.
For
although
that
the
most
of
the
company
were
not
greatly
learned
,
yet
many
of
them
being
discreete
men
,
and
of
good
insight
and
experience
in
such
matters
,
did
out
of
the
rules
of
bare
reason
,
gather
that
this
so
named
Geane
Triacle
,
being
(
as
it
is
wel
known
)
made
only
of
the
rotten
garble
,
&
refuse
outcast
of
all
kinde
of
spices
and
drugs
,
hand
ouer
head
,
with
a
little
filthy
molasses
,
and
tarre
to
worke
it
vp
withall
,
was
so
farre
from
either
curing
or
preuenting
any
disease
in
mans
bodie
,
that
by
all
likelyhood
it
must
needes
ingender
most
rotten
and
corrupt
humors
.
And
with
good
reason
might
they
iudge
that
composition
of
no
great
vertue
and
force
,
which
hath
bene
often
sould
of
late
yeares
for
xxx
.
s.
and
sometimes
for
xxviii
.
s.̄
the
hundred
,
which
falleth
out
iii.
d
or
at
most
vnder
iii.
d.q.
a
pound
.
Now
,
what
good
Spice
,
Suger
,
Hony
,
or
other
drugge
of
any
vertue
can
be
sould
for
so
bace
a
price
,
let
any
man
iudge
?
So
as
it
is
most
apparaunt
to
one
that
hath
but
halfe
an
eye
,
that
so
base
a
composition
must
needes
be
made
of
such
dregges
,
and
refuse
,
as
are
more
fitte
for
the
dungcartes
,
then
the
Apothecaries
,
or
Grocers
shoppes
.
And
surely
it
is
great
pittie
,
that
some
seuere
punishment
is
not
by
the
superiour
maiestrates
,
inflicted
vpon
such
lewd
persons
,
as
being
so
often
warned
do
still
bring
in
,
or
otherwise
by
themselues
,
or
their
seruants
make
,
or
vtter
such
filthy
and
rotten
drugges
,
and
that
vnder
the
cloake
and
name
of
so
comfortable
a
preseruatiue
,
as
Triakle
hath
in
all
ages
bene
esteemed
to
be
.
But
to
goe
forward
,
the
Grocers
finding
that
their
good
care
,
and
discreete
orders
for
the
bannishing
of
so
vnwholsome
a
drugge
,
did
not
take
such
effect
as
they
looked
for
and
wished
:
and
obseruing
that
the
very
cheapnes
of
this
misnamed
Geane
Triacle
,
together
with
the
excessiue
dearnes
of
Venice
Triacle
,
and
Mithridate
,
were
the
onely
causes
,
that
still
contiinued
so
meruailous
a
vent
thereof
,
After
deliberate
consultation
had
,
thought
it
best
to
entreat
the
learned
Society
of
Phisitions
,
to
set
downe
some
effectuall
receite
of
Triacle
,
which
might
be
both
forceable
against
rotten
and
venemous
disseases
,
and
also
of
an
easie
and
moderate
price
for
the
poore
subiect
.
Vnto
which
,
their
so
honest
and
reasonable
request
,
the
Colledge
of
Phisitions
did
readily
condiscend
:
and
therevpon
they
presently
committed
the
charge
of
the
setting
down
of
the
receite
,
vnto
three
choise
men
of
their
companie
,
which
should
(
by
a
certaine
day
)
deliuer
vnto
Mr.
Besse
an
Apothecarie
(
to
whome
both
by
the
Phisitions
and
Grocers
order
,
the
making
thereof
was
onely
committed
)
their
prescript
,
which
they
did
after
diligent
conferring
of
sundry
receats
of
learned
writers
,
together
(
according
to
the
charge
to
them
committed
,
carefully
performe
:
)
within
fewe
daies
after
Mr.
Besse
did
bring
to
the
Colledge
,
both
the
prescript
to
him
before
deliuered
,
and
also
a
pound
of
the
composition
,
which
he
by
their
order
had
made
vp
for
a
tryall
sake
,
to
the
intent
that
all
the
whole
company
of
Phisitions
together
,
after
diligent
examination
of
the
prescript
,
with
such
tryall
as
Arte
could
take
,
by
the
colour
,
taste
,
smell
,
and
consistence
of
the
Tryacle
it selfe
,
might
either
resolue
vpon
that
receat
alreadie
set
downe
,
or
elsby
adding
,
and
rebating
,
as
by
their
skill
should
seeme
good
(
with
some
little
change
)
sette
downe
another
.
And
so
it
fell
out
indeede
,
that
some
little
alteration
,
being
in
one
simple
or
two
made
,
the
receate
,
was
(
with
the
Colledge
seale
annexed
vnto
it
)
redeliuered
to
the
said
Mr.
Besse
,
to
be
yearely
by
him
accordingly
dispensed
and
prepared
,
with
streight
charge
,
not
in
any
iot
or
point
,
to
varie
from
the
very
words
of
the
same
prescript
:
And
that
euery
yeare
before
the
dispensing
thereof
,
he
should
giue
notice
to
the
President
,
and
Censors
of
the
Phisitions
Colledge
,
that
for
the
carefuller
preparing
thereof
,
they
might
with
any
other
of
their
Societie
,
come
to
his
house
and
there
make
examination
,
and
tryall
of
all
the
simples
,
ingredients
,
before
they
were
put
together
,
&
compounded
.
And
that
to
the
good
of
all
the
Realme
,
the
said
Triacle
might
be
the
more
faithfully
prepared
,
the
Master
and
Wardens
of
the
Grocers
,
first
presented
M.W.
Besse
to
the
Lord
Mayor
and
the
Aldermen
his
bretheren
,
as
a
very
fit
Man
both
for
skill
,
and
honest
carefulnes
in
his
profession
,
to
performe
the
Compounding
of
such
a
Tryacle
:
where
was
giuen
him
a
corporall
Oath
,
for
the
true
,
and
carefull
preparing
thereof
:
And
afterwards
,
the
said
Master
and
Wardens
did
deliuer
vnto
M.W.
Besse
in
writing
,
both
the
receate
new
writte
out
againe
,
and
withall
,
all
the
poynts
of
his
Oath
,
with
the
Seale
of
their
Company
,
reseruing
the
Phisitions
receate
and
seale
,
for
their
discharge
,
in
the
Grocers
Hall
.
Which
course
and
order
of
examining
yearely
the
simples
,
and
carefull
making
vp
of
the
Composition
,
hath
now
these
fiue
years
bene
accordingly
put
in
execution
,
and
the
Triacle
it selfe
(
by
so
many
yeares
experience
)
throughly
tried
to
be
of
singuler
vertue
,
and
of
wonderfull
force
,
as
well
in
comforting
nature
,
as
in
expelling
all
noysome
,
and
venomous
matter
from
the
hart
,
and
principall
partes
of
mans
body
.
In
setting
downe
of
which
receate
,
the
Phisitions
tooke
especiall
care
to
appoint
such
ingredients
as
were
perfectly
knowne
,
not
hard
to
be
gotten
,
and
(
as
much
as
might
be
in
so
forceable
,
and
effectuall
a
preseruatiue
)
home
bredde
:
and
this
they
chiefely
did
,
for
the
good
and
ease
of
the
poore
subiect
,
whose
purse
cannot
reach
vnto
the
price
of
costly
medicines
.
All
which
things
well
considered
,
there
may
be
more
said
iustly
in
the
commendation
of
this
London
Triacle
,
then
may
be
of
any
other
medicine
whatsoeuer
heretofore
deuised
,
and
set
out
in
this
Realme
:
And
if
I
should
say
forraine
Realmes
too
,
it
might
well
be
iustified
,
considering
the
sound
learning
,
deepe
iudgement
,
and
long
experience
of
the
whole
Colledge
of
Phisitions
,
that
deuised
it
with
the
great
care
which
both
they
,
and
also
the
magistrates
of
the
Citie
haue
taken
,
for
the
diligent
,
and
perfect
preparing
thereof
.
As
for
the
price
,
it
is
so
reasonable
(
a
pound
not
amounting
aboue
ij
.
s.
viij
.
d.
an
ounce
by
retale
not
aboue
ii
.
d.
)
as
no
wise
man
will
spare
so
much
to
do
his
horse
or
dogge
good
withall
.
This
Tryacle
is
made
,
and
to
be
had
at
the
house
of
M.
William
Besse
,
dwelling
in
the
Poultery
,
neere
the
Counter
.
Of
the
first
inuention
of
Theriaca
,
and
in
what
estimation
mightie
Princes
euer
haue
had
it
.
ALthough
Andromachus
the
Elder
,
Nero
the
Emperours
chiefe
Phisition
,
be
of
most
men
estéemed
,
as
the
first
inuentour
of
Triacle
,
or
Theriaca
,
yet
you
must
vnderstand
,
that
he
did
onely
adde
vipers
,
first
to
some
olde
composition
thereof
,
which
he
liked
best
,
and
withall
gaue
it
a
new
name
,
tearming
it
,
not
Theriaca
,
but
Galene
,
as
much
to
say
as
calmenes
,
or
stilnes
.
This
Galene
did
Crito
(
a
famous
practicioner
vnder
the
Vespatians
reignes
)
name
Theriaca
,
because
it
receiued
the
flesh
of
vipers
:
of
Phisitions
,
by
a
preheminence
named
in
Greeke
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
But
that
the
Reader
may
,
together
take
a
view
both
of
the
first
beginning
,
and
originall
,
and
also
what
great
credit
Theriaca
was
presently
in
with
mightie
Princes
,
euen
vpon
the
very
first
inuention
:
He
must
vnderstand
,
that
the
verie
first
Theriaca
,
recorded
of
in
writers
,
is
that
of
Antiochus
,
whome
Plinie
surnameth
Magnus
,
and
Galen
Philometor
.
He
reigned
in
Siria
some
200.
yeares
before
Christ
.
This
was
called
Antiochus
his
Theriaca
,
because
that
great
and
mightie
King
himselfe
did
continually
vse
it
as
a
preseruatiue
against
all
poysons
,
and
venomous
stingings
.
By
whose
countenance
,
it
grew
presently
into
such
estimation
and
credit
,
that
the
famous
Phisition
Endemus
,
(
as
Galen
reporteth
)
put
the
receate
thereof
in
verse
:
And
that
all
men
might
pertake
the
good
and
profite
of
so
forceable
a
preseruatiue
:
The
verses
(
as
Plinie
recordeth
)
were
engrauen
in
stone
,
ouer
the
porch
doore
of
Aesculapius
his
Temple
,
as
a
medicine
of
so
diuine
power
and
vertue
,
as
not
to
be
esteemed
for
any
mans
inuention
,
but
rather
a
diuine
receate
reuealed
vnto
mankinde
,
by
the
great
God
of
Phisick
himselfe
.
Within
two
or
three
ages
after
Antiochus
,
did
Nicander
,
that
learned
Phisition
and
Poet
,
dedicate
his
booke
,
named
Theriaca
,
vnto
Attalus
then
King
of
Perganum
,
where
after
,
Galen
was
borne
.
This
Attalus
was
a
noble
Prince
,
greatly
fauouring
and
aduancing
all
kinde
of
good
learning
:
but
aboue
all
things
,
wonderfully
giuen
to
make
triall
of
the
vertues
of
medicines
,
and
especially
of
such
as
were
thought
of
force
against
venomous
beasts
,
&
poysons
:
which
both
he
then
,
and
by
his
example
afterward
,
Mithridates
the
great
(
as
Galen
truly
testifieth
)
did
curiously
and
diligently
,
make
experiment
of
vpon
condemned
persons
.
The
experiments
of
this
learned
King
Attalus
,
rōming
within
an
age
or
two
after
vnto
the
hands
of
Mithridates
,
and
being
by
his
like
studie
,
and
tryall
in
immitation
of
Attelus
(
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
)
much
encreased
,
he
culd
out
of
both
their
experiences
,
the
very
choise
simples
,
and
thereof
deuised
a
most
effectuall
composition
,
named
by
Galen
Theriaca
Mithridatis
(
much
differing
from
that
which
we
commonly
call
Methridatum
)
by
continuall
vse
of
which
medicine
,
he
preserued
himselfe
many
score
yeares
free
from
all
danger
of
poysoning
:
so
that
(
as
Galen
writeth
)
being
streightly
beseiged
by
the
Conquering
Romans
,
and
out
of
all
hope
to
escape
,
to
preuent
their
cruelty
,
and
to
auoide
his
owne
shame
,
he
twice
tooke
ranke
and
strong
poyson
:
but
the
force
of
his
so
often
receaued
Tryacle
was
such
,
as
no
poyson
neuer
so
great
could
preuaile
against
it
,
whereby
in
the
end
,
the
good
king
was
compelled
to
dye
vpon
his
owne
sword
.
About
fourscore
yeares
after
Mithridates
miserable
end
,
did
Aelius
Gallus
,
Tiberius
the
Emperours
lieftenant
in
Aegipt
and
Arabiae
,
in
his
returne
from
thence
,
bring
two
receates
of
Theriaca
home
with
him
:
wherewith
he
presented
the
Emperour
Tiberius
,
esteeming
them
as
fit
presents
for
so
mighty
a
Manarch
.
Now
in
what
wonderfull
estimation
,
or
rather
admiration
,
Tryacle
was
had
in
Galens
time
,
Galen
himselfe
doth
at
large
set
downe
,
in
his
booke
Intituled
of
Triacle
,
and
dedicated
vnto
Piso
a
noble
Roman
:
which
booke
(
as
may
be
gathered
by
the
text
)
he
writ
in
the
beginning
of
Caracalla
his
Raigne
,
before
he
had
made
away
his
brother
Geta.
For
Marcus
Aurelius
(
in
the
beginning
of
whose
raigne
Galen
first
came
to
Rome
)
a
Prince
for
his
deepe
and
profound
learning
,
named
Marcus
the
Philosopher
,
and
which
(
as
Galen
testifieth
)
had
a
perfect
and
exquisite
knowledge
of
his
owne
temprature
and
complexion
,
by
the
daily
vse
of
Triacle
(
being
both
by
nature
,
and
also
by
trauaile
,
as
well
of
body
as
minde
,
of
a
weake
constitution
)
liued
many
yeares
(
notwithstanding
)
in
excellent
good
health
,
&
state
of
bodie
.
So
that
the
wonderfull
opinion
,
which
was
had
through
all
the
world
of
this
Emperours
wisdome
,
&
learning
,
together
with
his
long
continued
health
,
procured
by
the
onely
vse
of
this
preseruatiue
,
brought
Triacle
into
such
credit
and
estimation
,
that
all
great
men
,
as
well
in
the
Court
of
Rome
,
as
els
where
in
the
Country
and
Prouinces
abroad
,
following
the
Emperours
example
,
fell
to
the
vse
thereof
.
And
least
the
reader
should
thinke
that
Marcus
Aurelius
onely
vsed
Andromachus
his
Triacle
:
let
him
reade
the
last
chapter
of
Galens
second
booke
of
Counter-poysons
,
where
,
in
the
very
first
line
he
shall
finde
the
receate
that
Aurelius
so
much
vsed
,
compounded
but
onely
of
four
simples
,
and
God
he
knowes
,
a
simple
composition
indeede
(
for
all
the
great
credit
it
had
)
if
it
be
compared
with
our
London
Tryacle
.
Some
fourteene
yeare
after
M.
Aurelius
his
departure
,
succeeded
in
the
Empire
Soptianus
Seuerus
,
a
prince
though
not
greatly
learned
,
yet
both
very
wise
and
valiant
.
This
Emperour
made
that
most
renowned
Phisition
(
or
rather
Prince
of
all
Phisitions
)
Galen
,
to
prepare
and
compound
for
the
Emperours
owne
vse
,
the
Theriaca
of
Andromachus
,
and
that
of
the
chiefest
,
and
most
choyce
simples
,
which
could
be
got
in
the
whole
world
:
whereby
through
the
renounce
of
so
famous
a
Phisitian
,
the
glorious
name
of
Triacle
was
euer
after
amongst
all
posteritie
wonderfully
encreased
and
aduaunced
.
From
Galen
vntill
our
dayes
(
almost
1400.
yeares
)
If
one
ouer-runne
the
stories
of
all
nations
and
ages
,
He
shall
finde
that
Triacle
hath
beene
from
time
to
time
,
of
all
mighty
Princes
had
in
wonderfull
estunation
and
reputation
.
Yea
that
most
Tyrannous
and
Barbarous
Monarch
,
the
great
Turke
,
euery
yeare
in
Egypt
(
because
that
Country
lieth
most
fitly
to
get
all
Indian
and
Arabian
simples
freshest
)
hath
by
the
handes
of
the
skilfullest
and
learnedst
Phisitions
,
which
that
sauadge
&
vnlettered
nation
yeildeth
,
a
composition
of
Theriaca
prepared
by
the
name
of
Tharach
Faruc
,
which
both
of
the
Emperour
himselfe
,
&
of
all
his
Bashawes
and
great
men
,
is
had
in
wonderfull
estimation
.
Although
that
through
the
ignorance
of
their
Phisitions
in
the
making
therof
,
both
the
vipers
themselues
(
for
whom
they
substitute
a
kind
of
Serpent
with
horns
,
called
therfore
of
the
Greeks
Cerastes
but
of
the
Egyptians
Tahyr
)
and
many
other
especiall
simples
besides
are
mistaken
and
falsified
:
whereby
it
commeth
to
passe
,
that
the
Alexandrian
or
Egyptian
Theriaca
is
in
no
degree
to
be
compared
with
any
kind
of
Triacle
artificially
prepared
in
sundry
Citties
of
Christendome
,
where
all
kindes
of
good
learning
,
and
namely
of
Phisicke
do
most
plentifully
flourish
.
Why
it
was
called
Triacle
or
Theriaca
.
FOr
the
naming
of
it
Theriaca
or
Triacle
,
diuers
and
sundry
reasons
may
be
alleaged
.
First
,
because
it
was
of
purpose
ordained
to
supply
the
vse
,
or
rather
to
reforme
the
abuse
,
and
to
enioy
and
possesse
the
roome
and
place
of
that
bastard
Triacle
,
which
hath
these
many
yeares
,
to
the
vnspeakable
annoyance
of
many
thousands
,
beene
too
too
much
vsed
in
this
Realme
,
by
the
name
of
Geane
Triacle
.
The
second
,
but
principall
reason
is
,
for
that
all
,
or
most
of
the
ingredients
,
hauing
singuler
force
against
,
either
inward
poysons
,
or
outward
venomous
bytings
▪
or
stingings
of
venomous
beasts
,
it
must
needes
follow
,
that
so
perfect
a
composition
made
of
so
choise
counter-poysons
,
&
those
so
orderly
in
weight
and
measure
proportioned
,
could
not
but
be
of
wonderfull
vertue
and
efficacy
,
not
onely
against
poisons
and
venomes
,
but
also
against
all
corruption
and
rottennesse
,
either
of
humors
or
spirits
:
Neither
is
the
name
Triacle
or
Theriaca
to
be
thought
,
as
vnfitly
attributed
to
the
London
composition
,
although
it
receaue
no
vipers
flesh
in
it
at
all
.
For
notwithstanding
that
Crito
a
famous
Empericke
about
Vespatianus
his
dayes
,
gaue
that
same
composition
,
which
Andromachus
Neroes
Phisition
,
first
either
inuented
or
enlarged
,
&
withall
tearmed
it
Galene
the
name
of
Theriaca
,
because
it
receiued
vipers
flesh
,
(
which
kind
of
Serpent
is
of
many
Greekes
both
Phisitions
&
Philosophers
,
by
a
prerogatiue
called
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
yet
the
name
of
Theriaca
hath
both
before
Neroes
time
and
since
,
bene
commonly
attributed
not
only
to
compounds
,
contayning
no
vipers
flesh
at
all
,
but
also
to
very
simples
,
only
for
that
they
were
iudged
of
force
against
the
bytinges
and
stinginges
of
venomous
beastes
.
For
compoundes
,
who
so
doubteth
,
let
him
read
the
10.
chap.
of
the
2
booke
of
Galen
of
counterpoisons
(
for
so
I
translate
Antidotus
)
where
he
shall
finde
fiue
seuerall
Theriacaes
vpon
a
row
,
into
none
of
which
,
vipers
flesh
is
any
ingredient
.
The
first
,
of
Antipater
,
The
second
,
&
third
,
of
Aelius
Gallus
(
vnder
whose
conduct
in
our
Sauiour
Christs
time
,
Strabo
that
learned
Geographer
did
trauaile
both
Egypt
and
Arabia
)
The
fourth
,
of
Euclide
by-named
Palatianus
.
The
fifth
,
of
Zeno
the
Laodician
.
Againe
,
in
the
fourteenth
chap.
he
shal
finde
Theriaca
Antiochi
,
Philometoris
(
Plini
calleth
him
Magnus
)
which
raigned
in
Siria
some
12.
score
years
before
euer
vipers
flesh
was
put
into
any
Theriaca
.
For
Andromachus
Neroes
Phisition
,
by
Galens
owne
testimony
,
was
the
very
first
that
added
vipers
flesh
vnto
Theriaca
.
Now
since
Andromachus
time
,
we
may
finde
infinite
receipts
of
Theriaca
in
sundry
Phisitions
,
clearely
voide
of
vipers
flesh
:
As
namely
,
that
which
M.
Aurelius
so
much
vsed
with
so
good
successe
,
then
the
vulger
Theriaca
diatessaron
a
simple
receate
,
in
shew
of
foure
common
simples
,
yet
a
receate
no
doubt
of
singular
force
and
vertue
:
And
last
of
all
,
that
baggage
composition
,
thrust
in
vnder
the
name
of
Geane
Triacle
,
hath
these
many
yeares
vsurped
the
name
of
Theriaca
,
although
it
hath
no
vipers
flesh
in
it
at
all
.
As
for
simples
,
both
Galen
calleth
Garlicke
the
country
mans
Triacle
,
and
Plinie
maketh
mention
,
of
a
kinde
of
Vine
in
the
Iland
of
Thasos
,
called
therefore
Theriaca
,
because
,
as
well
the
grape
,
as
the
wine
would
heale
the
bitings
,
and
stingings
of
Serpents
.
Besides
,
Valeriana
is
of
sondry
late
writers
,
named
Theriaca
for
the
same
reason
:
which
things
considered
,
the
learned
Colledge
of
Phisitions
of
this
famous
Citie
of
London
,
did
very
aptly
,
and
aduisedly
(
to
this
their
Composition
)
attribute
the
name
of
Theriaca
.
And
that
so
much
the
more
,
for
that
this
London
Triacle
,
besides
the
choyse
of
olde
simples
,
containeth
in
it
,
at
least
a
dozen
spices
and
hearbes
,
not
knowne
to
the
olde
writers
:
whose
wonderfull
vertues
,
are
notwithstanding
against
all
poysons
and
venomes
(
by
many
a
hundred
yeares
tryal
)
sufficiently
approoued
.
And
these
late
knowne
simples
were
added
,
by
warraant
both
of
reason
(
the
perfect
rule
and
leuell
of
all
Phisitions
actions
)
and
also
of
Auerroes
,
the
best
learned
,
both
Philosopher
,
and
Phisition
of
all
the
Arabians
,
which
in
his
abridgement
of
Phisick
,
(
commonly
called
the
Colliget
)
doth
iustly
reprooue
the
opinion
of
Auicen
,
(
otherwise
himselfe
a
most
famous
Phisition
)
affirming
the
Andromachus
his
Triacle
,
taketh
his
so
wonderfull
force
,
not
from
the
vertues
&
qualities
of
the
simples
which
are
in
it
,
but
from
a
fift
supernaturall
hidden
propertie
,
proceeding
from
the
essentiall
forme
(
as
he
tearmeth
it
forsooth
)
of
the
whole
mixture
,
and
therefore
strictly
warneth
all
Phisitions
,
neither
to
adde
too
,
nor
diminish
any
thing
from
Andromachus
his
first
prescript
:
Which
opinion
of
Auicen
,
as
too
superstitiously
tying
all
posterity
to
our
fore-fathers
receipts
,
Auerroze
doth
,
and
that
iustly
confute
,
wishing
(
which
in
this
composition
,
the
Phisitions
of
London
haue
with
great
reason
put
in
practise
)
that
diuers
of
such
excellent
counter-poyson
simples
,
as
later
times
haue
discouered
,
should
be
either
added
ouer
and
aboue
the
olde
ingredients
,
or
else
substituted
in
some
of
their
places
,
which
were
found
to
be
of
least
force
and
vertue
.
Of
the
vertues
,
and
qualities
of
London
Tryacle
.
TO
recite
all
the
vertues
,
and
vses
of
the
London
Triacle
,
as
well
in
preuenting
,
as
incuring
most
gréeuous
disseases
,
would
require
a
learneder
,
and
larger
discourse
,
then
at
this
present
is
either
requisite
,
or
intended
to
be
set
downe
.
Notwithstanding
the
cheife
,
and
most
principall
quallities
thereof
,
and
those
from
which
the
reasons
and
grounds
of
all
the
rest
must
be
fetched
,
are
these
that
follow
.
First
,
this
Triacle
heateth
,
and
dryeth
about
the
midst
(
as
Phisitions
tearme
it
)
of
the
second
degree
,
and
withall
,
is
of
very
thinne
parts
.
Secondly
,
it
hath
a
skowring
,
or
deansing
vertue
,
with
a
moderate
astriction
.
By
his
heate
,
it
helpeth
all
kindes
of
concoction
,
and
ripeneth
all
crud
humors
,
or
drines
in
mans
body
.
By
his
heate
,
&
thinnes
of
parts
,
it
openeth
all
poares
&
passages
,
it
thinneth
&
breatheth
out
grosse
humors
and
windes
,
it
softeneth
hard
tumors
,
and
relaxeth
stifnes
of
partes
,
and
consequently
mittigateth
all
kinde
of
paines
,
and
greifes
:
It
prouoketh
sweate
,
vrine
,
and
womens
courses
,
it
openeth
the
Emerands
,
and
furthereth
all
euacuations
:
By
his
drynes
,
and
cleansing
powre
,
it
consumeth
and
wasteth
,
or
els
wypeth
away
all
grosse
,
tough
,
and
clammy
humors
:
and
thereby
deliuereth
obstructions
,
and
mightily
resisteth
all
putrifaction
,
and
poysons
,
either
inward
or
outward
.
By
his
milde
astriction
and
moderate
warmth
,
it
strengthneth
all
the
principall
members
of
mans
bodie
,
and
thereby
renueth
good
spirits
,
ingendereth
pure
blood
,
and
stayeth
all
immoderate
wastings
,
and
euacuations
,
either
of
humors
or
spirits
.
So
that
what
soeuer
infirmity
in
mans
body
,
proceedeth
either
from
too
much
aboundance
of
humors
and
winde
,
or
els
from
their
faultines
in
coldnes
,
grosenes
,
toughnes
,
clammines
,
or
rottennes
:
likewise
what
soeuer
is
caused
by
stopping
of
the
conduits
,
and
passages
,
or
by
the
astriction
,
and
shutting
of
the
poares
:
Besides
whatsoeuer
imperfections
or
defaultes
possesse
the
cheife
and
principall
partes
,
and
thereby
hinder
or
depraue
any
of
their
functions
or
workes
:
all
these
(
if
they
be
by
inward
medicines
curable
)
may
by
this
Triacle
(
artificially
and
skilfully
vsed
)
be
either
wholy
,
and
altogether
cured
,
or
at
least
greatly
eased
,
and
amended
.
To
a
Phisition
,
or
any
other
man
trayned
vp
in
good
literature
,
these
breife
instructions
are
sufficient
,
to
direct
him
fully
to
the
perfect
vse
of
this
Triacle
,
in
all
conuenient
disseases
.
But
because
this
discourse
dooth
cheifly
respect
,
and
is
especially
written
for
the
ignorant
,
and
vnlettered
multitude
of
the
common
people
,
which
is
no
wayes
able
to
conceaue
the
naturall
causes
of
things
:
it
will
not
be
amisse
,
for
the
simple
persons
better
instruction
,
to
set
down
by
name
,
such
common
and
running
disseases
,
as
this
Triacle
is
most
to
be
vsed
against
.
First
,
of
all
therefore
it
is
of
marueilous
force
against
the
Plague
,
Sweating-sicknes
Pocks
(
small
I
meane
)
or
measels
,
or
any
other
malitious
&
pestilent
Feauer
.
For
being
giuen
the
sicke
person
to
drinke
with
Dragons
,
Carduus
Benedictus
,
or
Angelica
water
,
it
driueth
out
from
the
hart
and
principall
partes
to
the
skinne
,
all
the
venome
and
corruption
of
the
dissease
.
By
the
same
vertue
it
both
preserueth
,
and
also
cureth
as
well
any
inward
poyson
,
as
any
byting
or
stinging
of
madde
dogge
or
venomous
beast
:
yea
,
being
outwardly
applyed
to
the
bytings
and
stingings
:
or
to
the
Carbunble
or
Bubo
in
the
plague
,
it
doth
(
as
it
were
)
miraculously
drawe
out
all
the
inward
venome
,
and
corruption
by
that
issue
.
As
for
long
head-aches
,
&
megrames
,
Turnsicknes
,
dulnes
of
sight
,
thicknes
of
hearing
,
and
such
like
disseases
of
the
braine
,
sinewes
,
and
instruments
of
Senses
,
which
proceede
from
colde
and
tough
humors
,
or
from
winde
,
all
these
by
the
continuall
vsage
hereof
,
may
in
time
be
either
cleane
taken
away
,
or
else
greatly
asswaged
and
diminished
:
For
by
comforting
the
braine
,
it
cheareth
the
spirits
,
sharpeneth
the
wit
,
strengthneth
the
memorie
,
quickneth
all
the
Sensces
.
Against
the
falling
sicknes
,
and
wormes
,
being
disseases
most
commonly
troubling
children
this
Triacle
is
an
especiall
remedie
:
as
hauing
diuers
choyce
ingredients
,
perticularly
respecting
those
infirmities
of
purpose
inserted
into
it
:
For
the
Wheasings
,
and
olde
coughs
,
being
taken
with
the
water
or
decoction
of
Hysope
,
or
Horehound
,
it
is
very
effectuall
:
as
also
with
the
decoction
of
Comfrey
rootes
,
or
conseruc
of
olde
red
Roses
,
it
excellently
stayeth
any
lingering
spitting
of
blood
,
issuing
from
the
lungs
or
chest
:
Likewise
it
healeth
any
stitches
in
the
sides
(
if
they
proceede
not
from
hotte
inflamations
or
pleurifles
)
being
either
inwardly
taken
,
or
outwardly
applyed
hot
.
Now
in
the
stomacke
,
it
prouoketh
appetite
,
helpeth
concoction
,
and
distribution
,
breaketh
and
discusseth
winde
and
either
digesteth
or
driueth
out
from
thence
,
all
rawe
and
corrupt
humors
,
whereby
it
healeth
the
inflation
,
or
puffing
vp
of
the
stomacke
with
winde
,
and
cureth
that
kinde
of
greedines
(
which
Phisitions
tearme
the
dogges
appetite
)
which
dissease
forceth
them
that
haue
it
,
to
eate
their
meate
greedily
,
and
that
very
much
,
but
presently
after
to
caste
it
againe
:
notwithstanding
after
they
haue
vomited
,
their
appetite
is
no
whit
stayed
nor
abayted
,
but
streight
way
they
become
as
greedy
againe
as
before
:
In
the
lyuer
it
deliuereth
all
obstructions
,
&
cureth
the
yealow
Iaundise
,
espetially
being
taken
with
the
decoction
of
worme
wood
(
ground
pure
)
Horehound
,
Alecoast
,
Maudline
,
or
Succory
:
Whereby
it
cureth
the
gréene
sicknes
,
and
the
dropsie
,
not
being
growne
too
farre
,
nor
rooted
.
The
like
force
it
hath
in
infirmities
of
the
spleene
,
wherein
it
helpeth
all
stoppings
,
discusseth
windinesses
,
and
diminisheth
all
sort
of
colde
swellings
or
tumors
:
namely
,
being
receaued
with
the
decoction
of
Tamariske
,
barke
of
Capers
rootes
,
or
of
Finger-fearne
.
Neither
is
it
of
lesse
power
and
vertue
,
in
curing
the
disseases
of
the
entralls
or
guttes
:
for
it
singularly
helpeth
the
Collick
,
and
stayeth
all
lares
,
and
aswageth
all
torments
,
and
grypings
,
if
it
be
orderly
taken
with
fitte
,
&
conuenient
liquors
,
strops
,
or
conserues
.
But
the
most
especiall
,
and
singular
vertue
thereof
,
is
the
wonderfull
comfort
and
strength
it
yeeldeth
and
imparteth
to
the
hart
,
the
principall
parte
of
the
life
of
man
:
which
his
force
is
most
mightily
perceaued
in
faintings
,
and
swoundings
.
The
same
effects
it
showeth
in
tremblings
of
the
hart
,
and
in
all
melancholie-passions
and
frights
.
But
to
goe
forward
:
in
the
kidnies
and
bladder
,
it
mildly
scowreth
away
and
clenseth
sand
,
grauell
,
or
stones
,
and
thereby
often
times
cureth
the
stoppings
of
Vrine
,
and
the
Stran
〈…〉
rie
.
For
the
Gowt
(
after
generall
euacuations
orderly
administred
)
the
continuall
vse
of
this
Tryacle
,
is
a
most
effectuall
remedie
:
which
effect
it
worketh
by
helping
concoction
in
the
stomacke
and
Lyuer
,
by
comforting
the
braine
,
and
by
drying
vp
,
or
driuing
out
,
either
by
sweate
,
or
inscensible
outbreathings
,
all
superfluous
moysture
,
both
there
and
in
all
other
parts
of
the
bodie
.
Besides
all
these
,
it
is
a
singular
remedie
,
both
for
Palsies
and
cramps
,
either
inwardly
taken
,
or
outwardly
applyed
,
and
annoynted
with
some
conuenient
Oyle
or
grease
.
In
womens
matters
,
although
the
vertues
thereof
be
excellently
effectual
,
notwithstanding
,
I
thinke
it
not
amis
to
omit
the
rehearsall
of
them
at
this
time
,
because
any
large
discourse
thereof
,
especially
in
the
mother
tongue
,
may
seeme
vnfit
for
chaste
eares
,
and
besides
,
is
more
likely
to
do
harme
then
good
,
in
vnchaste
mindes
.
But
here
I
may
not
ouer
passe
the
mighty
power
it
hath
in
driuing
away
any
long
lingering
Ague
,
proceeding
from
colde
,
grosse
,
or
tough
humors
,
&
namely
,
of
an
old
quartane
Ague
,
if
it
be
orderly
giuen
in
good
large
proportion
,
with
the
decoction
of
Germander
,
or
Tamariske
halfe
an
houre
before
the
fit
,
the
partie
withall
being
put
into
a
warme
bed
,
&
with
store
of
warme
clothes
prouoked
presently
to
sweate
:
marry
here
great
heede
must
be
taken
,
that
first
the
body
be
well
purged
,
and
let
blood
(
if
neede
be
)
and
that
the
humor
be
ripe
and
concocted
.
To
set
downe
at
large
,
all
the
perticuler
vertues
,
&
effects
of
this
London
Triacle
,
would
make
vp
a
large
volume
.
For
because
therefore
both
I
meane
to
be
short
,
and
these
vertues
alreadie
expressed
are
sufficient
to
direct
any
reasonable
man
to
the
orderly
vse
of
this
London
Triacle
,
in
most
common
disseases
:
I
will
surcease
to
discourse
any
longer
of
the
quallities
thereof
,
and
proceede
to
the
order
of
vsing
it
.
The
order
of
vsing
London
Triacle
.
IN
the
vse
of
London
Triacle
,
three
things
are
to
be
considered
:
first
,
the
quantitie
,
next
the
time
,
and
lastly
,
the
manner
of
ministring
of
it
.
A
certaine
quantitie
,
either
in
weight
or
measure
thereof
,
cannot
precisely
be
declared
in
words
,
by
reason
of
the
manifold
diuersities
,
as
well
of
the
strength
,
age
,
sexe
,
temperature
,
and
complexion
of
the
sicke
bodie
,
as
of
the
disseases
themselues
,
their
causes
,
and
the
parts
of
mans
body
therewith
possessed
:
In
sucking
children
halfe
a
scruple
will
be
a
reasonable
quantitie
:
In
women
with
childe
,
or
in
child-bed
,
in
very
olde
folkes
,
or
yong
children
past
sucking
,
a
whole
scruple
may
be
well
borne
:
in
stronger
bodies
,
and
abler
constitutions
,
a
larger
proportion
may
be
allowed
,
(
due
consideration
being
had
of
the
vrgencie
of
the
dissease
,
and
the
strength
of
the
partie
)
as
from
a
scruple
weight
vpward
to
a
whole
dra●me
or
foure
scruples
in
very
vrgent
and
hard
disseases
,
as
in
driuing
away
of
a
quartane
or
such
like
.
But
when
poyson
is
already
receaued
inwardly
,
or
any
bodie
newly
bitten
,
slung
with
a
mad
dog
,
or
venomous
beast
,
you
must
ascend
yet
higher
,
and
encrease
your
dasts
to
two
dragmes
weight
,
yea
,
and
in
strong
poysons
and
venomes
,
vnto
three
dragmes
,
and
this
you
must
often
times
doe
,
and
not
be
content
with
once
giuing
it
.
And
here
because
most
men
knowes
not
these
names
of
Scruples
and
Dragmes
,
and
many
men
though
,
they
peraduenture
knowe
them
,
yet
haue
them
not
readie
at
hand
when
neede
requires
,
it
is
to
be
vnderstood
,
that
a
drag-weight
in
English
siluer
is
vii
.
d.
ob
.
iust
,
and
a
scruple
(
which
is
the
third
part
of
a
dragme
,
weigheth
iust
ij
.
d.
ob
.
now
who
so
cannot
halfe
or
double
any
of
these
,
is
too
simple
to
be
thought
fit
to
minister
medicines
vnto
any
sicke
bodie
being
in
danger
.
Furthermore
,
for
because
that
most
of
the
common
and
vulgar
people
,
though
they
had
weights
,
yet
they
knowe
them
not
:
and
which
is
more
,
knoweth
not
how
to
weigh
any
thing
by
those
coynes
which
they
best
knowe
,
it
is
thought
not
amis
,
to
set
downe
such
directions
in
giuing
of
this
Triacle
,
as
the
ignorantest
man
of
all
cannot
much
goe
amis
.
For
a
scruple
,
they
are
full
the
bignes
of
a
meane
and
ordinarie
hasell
.
Nut
husked
:
and
for
a
dragme
,
the
quantity
of
a
small
nutmeggo
,
may
safely
be
administred
,
and
so
the
rest
●atably
:
And
thus
much
for
the
quantity
.
Now
for
the
time
and
fit
season
of
giuing
it
(
which
,
as
in
all
other
medicines
administring
,
so
in
this
Triacle
giuing
is
the
difficultest
poynte
of
skill
in
all
phisick
)
two
things
are
chiefly
to
be
noted
:
The
time
of
the
day
,
and
the
time
of
the
dissease
.
Of
all
times
of
the
day
the
morning
is
most
apt
,
and
fittest
both
for
this
medicine
and
all
other
such
like
to
be
taken
in
.
And
good
cause
why
:
For
in
the
morning
,
after
the
whole
nights
rest
,
the
former
dayes
meate
being
fully
digested
and
dispearsed
into
the
outward
parts
of
the
bodie
,
the
inward
parts
,
as
the
stomacke
,
liuer
,
spleene
,
and
bellie
vaines
,
are
then
empty
,
&
therefore
more
apt
both
to
receaue
in
themselues
,
and
to
dispearse
throw
into
the
whole
bodie
,
the
force
and
vertue
of
the
medicine
then
taken
.
For
alwaies
,
especiall
care
and
regarde
is
to
be
taken
,
that
neyther
this
Triacle
,
nor
any
such
like
strong
&
forceable
medicine
,
be
administred
inwardly
after
meate
,
or
vpon
a
full
belly
.
Yea
,
and
if
the
bellie
be
not
either
by
nature
loose
,
or
by
Arte
made
soluble
,
the
vse
of
Triacle
can
no
wayes
be
safe
.
The
other
time
to
be
obserued
,
is
that
of
the
dissease
it selfe
,
which
caryeth
so
great
sway
,
that
often
times
it
ouerruleth
the
time
of
the
day
,
and
altereth
it
at
pleasure
,
according
to
the
time
of
the
whole
dissease
,
or
of
that
present
fitt
then
possessing
the
sick
body
:
for
the
time
of
the
whole
sicknes
,
as
a
long
Ague
,
or
other
lingering
dissease
,
it
is
against
all
rules
of
Arte
to
minister
Triacle
,
either
in
the
beginning
,
or
in
the
encrease
of
the
dissease
,
vntil
manyfest
tokens
of
concoction
and
ripenes
appeare
:
after
which
time
(
if
the
obstructions
of
the
lyuer
or
spleene
continue
not
still
great
)
you
may
safely
,
accordingly
as
the
ripenes
encrease
,
&
the
obstructions
decrease
,
ratably
augment
the
quantitie
of
your
Triacle
.
The
same
is
to
be
obserued
in
the
time
of
the
fit
:
for
vntill
the
matter
of
that
fit
make
show
of
ripenes
,
&
that
the
passages
of
the
outward
parts
and
skinne
be
somwhat
opened
,
you
may
no
wayes
giue
any
Triacle
:
but
after
that
time
you
may
safely
minister
it
,
the
better
thereby
to
further
the
issue
of
sweate
,
and
insencible
out-breathings
:
by
which
kindes
of
euacuations
(
being
aboundantly
performed
)
very
often
times
it
falleth
out
▪
that
the
whole
dissease
is
dissolued
and
rid
away
.
Besides
the
two
times
rehearsed
,
she
one
of
the
●●y
,
th●
the
other
of
the
dissease
,
the
age
of
the
Triacle
it
lesse
is
diligently
to
be
considered
:
for
the
newer
he
is
,
the
better
,
〈◊〉
readi●●
he
stayeth
any
euacuation
,
especially
by
vomitto
or
stoole
,
&
withall
asswageth
any
inward
grypings
or
paines
,
cheifly
such
as
proceede
from
hotte
and
fretting
humors
.
As
gaine
,
the
older
this
Triacle
is
,
the
more
forceable
and
effectuall
are
his
vertues
,
in
opening
all
stoppings
and
obstructions
of
the
principall
parts
,
and
consequently
in
expecting
,
and
driuing
out
from
the
inward
to
the
outward
parts
all
venomous
and
rotten
,
either
humors
or
vapors
.
Now
for
the
manner
of
giuing
it
,
you
must
note
,
that
if
your
intent
be
to
stay
any
fluxe
or
euacuation
,
by
strengthening
the
principall
parts
,
or
else
to
mittigate
&
asswage
any
inward
point
,
in
such
cases
you
must
minister
your
Triacle
in
solide
or
drye
forme
,
either
alone
,
or
with
some
conserue
,
or
Electuary
,
and
then
sleepe
vpon
it
:
vnles
you
meane
to
stay
immoderate
sweating
.
Contrariewise
,
if
you
meane
and
desire
to
driue
out
,
and
expell
any
corrupt
or
noysome
humor
or
vapor
,
then
giue
it
dissolued
in
some
conuenient
liquor
,
and
sleepe
not
after
it
:
except
your
meaning
be
to
procure
sweate
,
which
of
all
euacuations
is
onely
furthered
by
sleeping
:
And
thus
much
for
the
right
vse
of
this
London
Tryacle
.
For
what
cause
the
receate
is
not
yet
published
,
and
wherefore
the
making
thereof
is
commited
onely
to
one
Apothecarie
.
NO
doubt
many
will
not
a
litle
meruaile
why
the
receat
&
proscript
of
this
London
Triacle
,
is
neither
in
this
discourse
,
nor
any
where
els
published
to
the
view
of
all
m●n
,
especially
of
Phisitions
abroade
:
that
by
the
examining
at
the
simples
,
they
may
better
iudge
of
of
the
force
and
vertue
of
the
whole
composition
:
An
exam●●●
whereof
there
is
no
president
to
be
showed
,
either
in
former
ages
,
or
forraigne
countries
,
vnles
one
would
fetch
a
president
and
〈◊〉
from
the
barbar
〈…〉
Turks
,
who
those
many
years
haue
●once●led
the
r●●eate
〈…〉
till
now
of
late
,
Prosperus
〈…〉
●●ing
sundrie
yeares
in
Egypt
,
〈…〉
prescript
thereof
,
at
the
hands
〈…〉
Simpler
,
which
yearely
had
the
〈…〉
daies
,
all
the
simple
ingredients
for
th●●
〈…〉
in
the
presence
of
all
the
skilfullest
Phis●●
〈…〉
doth
yearely
make
vp
the
whole
Composition
:
〈…〉
●●ceate
,
the
same
Alpinus
hath
very
honestly
,
and
to
〈…〉
praise
,
published
to
the
whole
world
.
In
auntient
tim●●
〈◊〉
pr●●decessors
were
so
farre
from
concealing
and
supp●●●●
any
such
effectuall
medicine
,
that
the
first
Composition
of
Triacle
(
whereof
record
is
found
in
any
writer
,
Antioc●●us
his
Theriaca
I
meane
)
was
presently
by
Endemus
a
famous
Phisition
put
into
verse
,
and
the
verses
engrauen
in
stone
,
and
set
vp
ouer
the
good
Esculapius
his
Temple
doo●●e
,
the
euery
man
to
reade
ouer
,
and
copie
out
at
his
pleasure
.
What
cause
or
reason
then
should
mooue
the
Phisitions
of
London
,
to
kéepe
their
new
receate
of
Triacle
so
much
concealed
?
Assure
your selues
they
did
it
not
without
great
reason
,
and
good
consideration
.
The
very
true
cause
of
suppressing
the
receats
,
is
the
entire
affection
they
beare
to
the
whole
nation
,
their
natiue
countrie
,
together
with
a
diligent
carefulnes
they
haue
,
that
the
Composition
may
without
fraude
or
cou●●n
●●e
truly
and
perfectly
prepared
.
For
seeing
how
great
〈…〉
growne
in
the
world
,
by
suffering
euery
man
that
would
take
it
vpon
him
to
make
Geane
Triacle
hand
ouer
hand
,
and
that
without
ouer
looking
or
correcting
after
ad●●is●●
deliberately
taken
,
they
could
fi●●e
in
th●●●ughly
,
and
disorderly
age
,
n●●
other
meanes
to
avo●●e
〈◊〉
inc●●●●nience
,
or
rather
mischiefe
,
sauing
onely
by
committing
the
making
and
compounding
thereof
,
with
some
one
〈◊〉
and
skilfull
Apothecary
alone
:
which
their
good
〈◊〉
meaning
could
not
haue
bene
compassed
,
if
the
〈◊〉
haue
published
to
the
world
:
For
so
euery
other
,
〈◊〉
〈…〉
by
the
〈…〉
〈…〉
,
might
〈…〉
〈…〉
as
he
is
whome
〈…〉
〈…〉
the
〈◊〉
〈…〉
is
committ
the
〈…〉
〈…〉
only
Apothecary
,
that
thereby
〈◊〉
〈…〉
themeselues
of
the
perfect
〈◊〉
〈…〉
viewing
,
and
diligently
examining
all
the
〈…〉
at
his
house
,
which
thing
would
haue
bene
〈…〉
&
labour
for
them
to
performe
in
so
many
〈…〉
and
Dr●●●ers
houses
as
would
haue
〈◊〉
●●on●●
above
the
〈◊〉
thereof
.
Neither
is
it
their
m●●●ing
altogether
to
s●●ppresse
the
rec●●t●●
,
but
onely
:
to
conceale
it
for
a
〈◊〉
,
vntill
good
order
may
by
authoritie
be
set
downe
,
for
〈◊〉
t●●e
and
orderly
〈◊〉
of
it
,
and
such
other
live
.
〈◊〉
they
were
the
●●●●rly
〈◊〉
,
and
〈◊〉
and
to
〈◊〉
for
a
season
,
that
before
the
publishing
,
they
might
make
perfect
proofe
,
and
full
tryall
of
the
effects
and
vertues
thereof
.
FINIS
.