And as there bee yet remaining in Sussex diuers great Forrests , and sundry Commons or Wastes , hauing fiue or sixe miles in length , which for the most part are not fit to be manured for Corne , and yeeld but little profit in pasture ; so haue there been also in Kent ( within our memory ) a great number of wooddy and ouer-growne grounds , conuerted of late to Pasture and Tillage , euen after such a manner as in the said Perambulation is testified , where it is said , that although the Weald of Kent belonged to sundry knowne owners long since , yet was it not then allotted into particular Tenancies , as the other parts of the Shire were , but it was , in processe of time , by little and little gained , as men were contented to inhabit there , and to rid it of the wood ; And hereof it is also , that besides sundry whole Parishes which be named Dennes or Low places , as Tenderden , Marden , Beneden , and sundry others , there be moreouer many smaller portions , almost in euery part of the Weald of Kent ; which hee likewise called Dennes ; as the Denne of Cranbrooke in Cranebrooke ; the Denne of Hawkehurst in Hawkehurst , and such others ; the which ( as it seemeth ) were at the first vndertaken to bee manured by sundry particular persons , whose names were then taken from those very Dennes , and continued many yeeres together , as by ancient euidences it doth yet appeare , howsoeuer the age of long time hath now almost worne and consumed them all out of knowledge . Neither doth the Weald of Kent containe so many great Mannors or Courts ( for the proportion of the largenesse ) as the rest of the Shire doth , but was appertaining , for a great part thereof , to sundry of those Mannors which doe lye at large dispersed thorow the Shire ; whereof each one had a great portion in the Weald , which both in the book of Doomes-day , and in sundry the Court Rolls , and Rentals , passeth by the name of Weald , and Silua Porcorum , or Swine gatts , which were granted to diuers of the Farmers and owners of sundry Tenancies , which did belong vnto those Dennes , and other Lands within the Weald .

And albeit these Dens be for the most part good large portions of Land , that be now broken into many seuerall possessions , so as the same one Denne sufficeth 20. housholders at this day , yet it is very likely that each man at the first had his seuerall Den wholly and vnbroken , wherof he and his posterity beareth name , vntill that the same was by the custome of Gauilkinde , by sale or by exchange diuided and distributed amongst others into parts , as wee doe now see them . But howsoeuer this Weald be of it selfe vnfruitfull ( as I said ) and of a barren nature , yet so it hath pleased the prouidence of the Almighty to temper the same , that by the benefit of Margle or Marle ( as it is commonly called ) it may be made not onely equall in fertility with the other grounds of the Shire , as well for Corne as Grasse , but also superiour to the more and greater part of the same . ●he vse of ●arle is an●●ent . The which manner of bettering the ground is not now newly discouered , but was the ancient practize of our Fore-fathers many a yeere agoe , as by the innumerable Marle-pits digged and spent so many yeeres past , that trees of 200. or 300. yeeres old , doe now grow vpon them , it may most euidently appeare , besides the which we haue mention of Marle in bookes of gainage or husbandry , that were written in the dayes of King Edward the 2. or before , ●●rling was 〈◊〉 continued , 〈◊〉 is now ●●●iued . howbeit the same manner of tillage , by meanes of the ciuill warres , maintained many yeeres as well in the time of the Barons warres , as of the warres betweene the house of Yorke and the Family of Lancaster , was so giuen ouer , and gone out of vse , vntill these 30. or 40. yeeres , that it may be said to haue beene then newly borne and reuiued , rather then restored , because the very true art of inriching the ground by Marle , seemeth to lye hidden in part , as yet not to be discouered to the full : for in this short time we haue seene many arable grounds , which for sundry yeeres after the marling of them , haue plentifully borne Wheat and other Graine , to be now become vnfruitfull , and so will they continue , albeit they should be now marled againe . And this commeth to passe by the ignorance of the right manner of ordering the Marle , which is as strong and chearefull as euer it was before , howsoeuer it worketh not his naturall effect , through the vnskilfulnesse of the Husbandman , that both wasteth the Marle , and loseth withall his time , his labour , his cost , and the profit of his ground . I cannot deny but a man shall see some grounds , of nature fit to take Marle , and of situation so neere to Marle-pits long time opened , that they might be marled plentifully with little charge , and haue beene heretofore marled indeed , and yet the sameto lye now vnploughed , and not onely barren of themselues , but also vnapt for Marle , and vncapable of amendment by Tillage : but , I must say withall , that albeit the men in those former Ages had the right ordering of Marle , yet were they not all good Husbands alike , neyther doth the Field ioy alike vnder the Farmer , and vnder the very Owner of the same , the one seeking the very vttermost gaine that may be made during his short interest , and the other indeuouring to perpetuate his commodity , euen to the end of his estate , which hath no end at all , so that through vnskilfulnes of the one , and greedinesse in others , the ground may sooner be crammed to death with Marle , then it shall be made the better or fatter by it . The reason whereof I will reserue , vntill that I shall haue cause to teach in particular , after what manner and measure the ground is to be marled . In the meane-while , I will open the nature and conditions of this wealdish ground , comparing it with the Soyle of the Shire at large , and afterward declare vnto you what the Marle is , and what sorts thereof there be vsually found in the Weald of Kent ; and lastly , enter into the true and profitable vse thereof , as well in each sort of arable Land , as also for the increase of Corne and Pasture thorow the Kingdome .

The arable ground of this Weald hath commonly a fleet and shallow Mould to be turned vp by the Plough , so as in many places the dead Earth or Mould is within three inches of the face of the ground , and in the best places , the good Mould exceedeth not six inches in depth at the most , and therefore it wanteth conuenient substance to nourish Corne any long time , but will faint and giue ouer , after a Crop or two ; for the which reason also , it cannot yeeld any sweet or deepe Grasse . Besides this , the Weald hath many copped or hillish grounds , out of which there doe many Quits or Springs of water issue , that make it cold and barren ; and from these Hillocks , the best part of the good Mould is washed downe into the Water-courses and Dikes that bee made to diuide and draine the Land . Furthermore , the Weald is diuided into many small inclosures , the biggest sort ( for the most part ) of which , are betweene sixteene Acres and twelue in quantity , and thereby hath it many Hedges and Trees , which in vnseasonable weather do keepe both the Sunne and Winde from the Corne , so as for want of that succour and comfort , it groweth , and many times rotteth in the Earth , so that it earneth not , nor eareth , nor prospereth not kindely many times . And these small Closes are caused by this , that men are not able to marle any great part or quantity of ground at once ; and hauing marled a little , they are desirous to sow it with Corne : for the preseruation whereof , as also for draining it , they are inforced to make so many and small seuerals : for all which reasons it is plaine , that there is little good arable Land there , and rarely any good Pasture , those onely places excepted , which are amended by irrigations of flouds , which there is called flowing and ouer-flowing . Contrariwise , the arable Land of the Shire at large , hath a deepe and fat Mould of good Earth , that is able to beare fiue or sixe good Crops together without intermission ; and , after three or foure yeeres rest , will doe the like againe , and may so interchangeably keepe that course for euer : yea , there be many grounds that are sowed without ceasing , because the Mould is so deepe , that when the vpper part thereof beginneth to faint and be weary , men can adde some strength of Cattell , and with the Plough goe deeper , and fetch vp a fresh Mould that will continue for a long season . Furthermore , this arable ground is a hollow dry ground , for the most part , on a deepe Clay , that by tillage , and the weather , will become dry and spongy , so as the Raine there washeth in the fat of the Earth , the rather , because it is not so hillish and sliding as the Weald , but more leuell , euen , and champion also , by which the Sunne and Winde doe dry the Corne , and doe make it both carne or eare well , and yeeld a purer flowre then that which is sobbed in wet , and hath long time lyen before it bee dryed againe . But forasmuch as the great oddes betweene these two sorts of grounds , may be made euen by the helpe of Marle , if it be rightly ordered , as I said , I will now shew you what it is , and how many sorts thereof be found in this Weald of our Countrey . Marle is indeed , as it is in name , the fat or ( marrow ) of the earth : for so did the Germanes , and so did our elders the Saxons , terme it , of the word Marize , which wee found Marrow , and thereof we call it Marling , when we bestow that fat earth vpon our leane ground . Pliny saith , That the Brittanes ( meaning vs ) did vse to amend their Land with a certaine inuention which they called Marga , that is , the fat of the earth , and it is to be seene in Conradus Hereshachius , that the Germaines doe vse it to the same end , and doe call it by the same name till this very day : it is therfore a fat , oyly and vnctious ground , lying in the belly of the earth , which is of warme and moist temperature , and so most fertill , seeing that heat and moysture be the father and mother of generation and growth ; howbeit this is not a pure & simple marrow , ( as that is which lyeth in our bones ) but a iuyce , or fat liquor mingled with the Earth , as is the fat which lyeth mixed , and dispersed in our flesh , so as the one may be drawne away , and the other remaine , as it shall anon appeare vnto you .

〈◊〉 sorts 〈◊〉 Marle . Foure sorts of Marle be found in this Weald , knowne asunder by the difference of colours , and thereby also differing in degrees of goodnesse one from the other : for there is a Grey , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4. a Blue , a Yellow , and a Red Marle , all which be profitable , if they be earthy and fat , or slippery as Sope : and most times little worth , if they bee mixed with Sand , Grauell , or Stone . So the Blue is reputed the best , the Yellow the next , the Grey the next , and the Red lesse durable then the other three ; and yet it is thought the Red to be the better , if it be found vpon the Blue or others . These Marles doe lye in veines or floores , amongst those Hillocks or copped grounds most commonly , wherof I haue spoken , and doe oftentimes shew themselues at the foot of the Hill , or about the mid-way betweene the foot and the top thereof : some of them haue ouer them a couer of ground , which we call Cope , not exceeding 7. or eight foot in depth ; some lie deeper , and other some doe arise , as namely , where the ground lieth not high , and that Marle commonly is very good ; and there is in diuers leuell grounds good Marle .

And as Marle is for the most part of these foure colours , so is arable ground for the most part of these foure sorts following ; Foure sort● grounds . that is to say , either a cold , stiffe and wet clay , 1. which is either the Cope of the Marle , or lieth neere vnto it , and is therefore commonly called , The Marle Cope ground , or a Haisell mould , which I count to be one of the best Wealdish Moulds , 2. being a compound Mould , and very good for Marle , and will quit the cost very well . 3 , 4. Then are there two sorts of sandy Mould , the one being a reasonable good kinde , but not equall to the Haisell Mould ; for you shall haue in diuers places of the Weald , this Haisell Mould to beare two or three good crops of Wheat being Summer-fallowed , together , which you shall hardly haue of any sandy ground , without mending : but as I said of the better sort of these two kinds of sandy Moulds , you haue commonly very rich Wheat , being well marled , which is not so barren as the other ; but this last kinde of sandy Mould , is a very barren kinde of ground , and hath a very fleet Mould , and you shall haue very Heath grow vpon it in diuers places ; and yet being ordered as followeth with Marle , will beare both good Corne and Pasture . And now that we may the better vnderstand how to marle and manure euery of these sorts by it selfe , you must know that the Haisell ground being dry , and not subiect to Winter-springs , or teares of water ( for , which some call such , A whining or weeping ground ) is to be handled thus .

First , The orde● of the Ha● mould . plough it as deepe as you can , with the strength of eight beasts at the least ; and be not afraid to plough vp some part of the dead earth that lieth vnder the vpper good Mould , for the Sunne , the Raine , the Wind , and the Frost , will in time mellow and amend it ; and besides that , the Mould : will be the deeper for a long time after , and thereby keepe it selfe the longer from being stiffened with the Marle . Then may you bestow 500. Courtloads ( as we call them ) of Marle vpon each Acre thereof , euery load containing 10. or 12. Bushels of eight Gallons , and each Acre containing 160. Rods of 16. foot and a halfe to the Rod. Then also you may chuse whether , at the first breaking vp , you will sow it with Oates , to kill the grasse , or else first marle it , and sow it with Wheat , or otherwise Summer-fallow it , in the May after the Oates , and then Marle it , and sow it with Wheat . Vpon that fallow or Gratten ( as we call it , ) you shall doe well to sow it with Pease , and at Michaelmas following , to sow that Pease-stubble or Gratten with Wheat againe , which also will be the better , if the Summer wherein it carried Pease , were moist , because the Pease being rich and thicke , doe destroy the Grasse , that together with the washing of the fallowes by raine , doth greatly consume the heart and vertue ; or , as wee call it , the state of the ground . But if that Summer were dry , then is a fallow best , because the Sunne with his heat doth much good to the ground , and inableth it the better to beare out the weather in the Wheat season ensuing . If you like to sow it , as I said , with Pease , sow them as early and timely as you may , for they will be so much the sooner haruested , and then also you may plough or stir your Gratten the sooner , wherby it will bee the better hardened to beare out the weather in the time of sowing of your Wheat : but I doubt , Pease doth somewhat stiffen it . Two bushels of Wheat doe suffice for the sowing of an Acre hereof , except it be for the first Crop , after the new breaking vp of the ground ; during which time , there is found a Worme , called an Emble , which in French signifieth Corne in the ground , being of colour yellow , and of an inch in length , that will eat some part of the Corne ; but if you sow it thicke , it will bee both small-eared and thicke , and slender of straw , which the Raine and Winde will beat and hurlee downe , and then it will scarcely rise againe ; or if it doe , yet through the neerenesse of the shadow of the Trees and Hedges , that in so small Closes be many , it will rather rot for want of drying , then come to maturity , that is , to perfect hard , and full growne Corne. After your first marling , you must carefully foresee , that you plough not this ground either with deepe or broad Furrowes , but fleet and narrow , lest you cast your Marle into the dead mould ; for Marle differeth much from Dongue in this behalfe ; Dongue spendeth it selfe vpward , and howsoeuer deepe it lye , the vertue thereof will ascend : but Marle ( as saith Sir Walter Henly , Note . in his Husbandry ) sendeth his vertue downeward , and must therefore bee kept aloft , and may not bee buried in any wise . Furthermore , if your ground be hillish or coppied , it shall be fit that you make your Ridges 7. or 8. foot broad at the least ; for in such falling lands , the more broad Furrowes you make , as you must make many , where you make small Ridges , the more of your Marle shall be washed and carried into the bottomes . It is good also to draw a crosse or quarter Furrow , and opening the ends of all your land Furrowes into it , to leaue the other ends of your Furrowes stopped , that the water-shoot runne not all the length of the field . Againe , this ground would alwaies bee sowne vnder furrow , and that also before Michaelmas , if the season will so permit : for this ground ( if it be well husbanded ) will bee mellow and hollow , or loose , whereby through Raine and Frost , it would sinke downe from the root of the Wheat ; if it should bee sowne aboue Furrow , the which being vncouered , must needs bee bitten and killed with the cold . It is also very fit that you harrow not this sort of ground too small , but that you leaue the clods as big as a Bowle , the which being mouldred with the frost , will both couer and keepe warme what is vnderneath it . Moreouer , it shall be good , that vpon some faire and dry day , in the beginning of March , you put your flocke of Sheepe into your Wheat , that with their trampling vpon it , the Corne may be well and fast closed with the earth ; yea , & presently after ( if it wil beare foot ) you may roll it as you doe Barley , whereby both the Clods shall be broken , and the Gratten or stubble shall be more euen and ready for the Mower . Generally you must vnderstand , that after you haue bestowed your Marle in the field , you ought to let it lie vnspred abroad , vntill you be ready to plough , and then immediatly after the spreading of it , turne it into the ground with the Plough ; for otherwise , if it should lie long spred in the field , the Sunne will spend no small part of the fatnesse thereof , although I know many desire it , because it will be the smaller being burned with the Sunne , which I like not . And therefore also no good Husband will carry and spend his dongue in the time of Summer , except he doe presently withall plough it into the ground ; for although the Mould of the arable Land it selfe will take good , if it be turned to the Sunne , which will both dry and fasten it , yet the matter fareth farre otherwise with the Marle , from which if the Sunne shall draw and sucke the fat moisture that maketh the Land fertile , then becommeth it ( as Columella speaketh ) of the worst sort of ground , Solum siccum , pariter & densum & macrum , quod siue exerceatur , siue cessat , colono refugiendum est . It becommeth ( saith he ) a dry , thicke , and leane Clod , which whether it be tilled or laid to rest , must be forsaken of the Husbandman , as vnprofitable . And now your Haisell mould being thus marled , ploughed , sowne , and manured , you may not charge with Wheat aboue twice , and then must it rest 5. or 6. yeeres together ; all which time it will beare a very good and sweet Pasture , well set with a white Clouer , or three-leaued grasse , most batning and profitable , both for Sheepe and Bullocks . After those yeeres ended , it will grow to some Mosse , or wil peraduenture cast vp Broome , and then it is time to breake it vp , and sow and handle it as before , for two other Wheat seasons or Crops , leauing it a Wheat-Gratten or stubble , rather then with an Oat-Gratten or stubble , which burneth the Land being marled . Being thus interchangeably sowed and rested , your Haisell Mould will continue good arable and Pasture , by the space of 30. yeeres together , whereas if it should be continually sowed , 6.7 . or more yeeres together without rest , it will become vtterly vnfruitfull , both for Corne and Cattell also . Neither will it any thing auaile to marle it ouer againe when it is so decayed , because the former Marle hauing his iuice exhausted by continuall Tillage , whereof the Corne sucketh one part , and the Sunne , Winde and Weather dryeth and wasteth the rest , is but a dead Clod ( as I said ) that is not capable of new Marle to amend it , nor casteth any profitable grasse at all ; for proofe hereof , I my selfe , seeing that the common earth of High-waies , were by treading of Cattell , washing of Raine , and the drying of the Sunne and weather , it lay separated from that naturall iuice which it hath in the pit , and spreading it vpon the grounnd , I saw that the land was not onely not amended , but much the worse by it . And now for an end of handling this sort of Haisell ground ; if it shall appeare vnto you , that 500. loads of Marle vpon the Acre , haue clanged , stiffened , and too fast bound your land ( as indeede the nature of Marle is to binde and to stiffen ) then take you some of these waies to helpe it : either rest 4. or 5. yeeres , or fodder vpon it before you breake it vp with so many Cattell as you may ; or take the vppermost part of your Ditches or Forelands , or waste places of your fields , which you may mingle with Dongue , and which , before you sow your Wheat , you may lay vpon your fallow , and stir it in with your Plough , and by this you shall both loosen your Marle , and refresh your ground , so that within 40. yeeres the Mould of your ground will cleane eat vp and swallow the Marle that you lay vpon it ; and then become hungry , and as capable of Marle againe as it was before at the first . And by this also , you may see the very cause for which it is good not to sow your marled Land continually , but to pasture it by turnes and so giue it rest ; namely , because the continuall ploughing doth exhaust and spend the fat of the Marle , leauing the drossie , dry , and fruitlesse parts thereof , to lie and couer the face of your ground ; whereas Pasturage , through the donguing , treading , & foddering of Cattell , doth increase a new Mould , which mingling it selfe with the dead Mould , doth in the end giue some life and heart vnto it . And therefore these Farmours and owners that haue beene at the cost to marle their ground , and will not forbeare to till it , but hasting to raise their charge , doe thereby vtterly strike it with barrennesse , are like to Aesops man , who hauing a Henne that layed him euery day a golden Egge , and being greedy to haue all the gold at once , did therefore kill the Henne , thinking to haue found her bellie full of gold , and so was both defrauded of that hee looked for , and lost also what hee had before . Hitherto of the nature , ordering and marling of this Haisell ground . Generally now for the continuall fallowing and stirring thereof , you must vnderstand , it may neither be fallowed wet , lest it answer more Grasse then Corne ; nor yet so dry , that the dead bottome swell vp , as in great drought it will , and swallow the good Mould that lieth aboue , and therefore binde not your selfe to any precise time of any moneth , but the opportunity either in May or Iune , as you shall finde the weather to haue prepared it for your desire . In the like temper you ought to stirre it after a showre , after Saint Iames his day , or in the end of Iuly ; for so will it be dry and hard before the time of sowing , whereas if it bee stirred later , euery small Raine will distemper it into Dirt or Mire , by reason of the tendernesse thereof , and then can you not fitly bestow your Seede vpon it .

The Marle Cope ground followeth , which is most commonly ( as I said ) a stiffe , The ord●● of the Ma●●● Cope gro●●● wet , cold Clay , and not so fit as the former to bee marled for Corne , except in some few fleete places thereof , but yet it may serue for Pasture or for Oates ; such of them as bee marled , must be fallowed fleet or shallow , lest the Marle become drowned in the wet : then being marled , they may in dry Summers ( and not ouer-moist Countries ) beare Wheat in some mediocrity . Three hundred loads at the most of Marle are sufficient for an Acre of this kinde , and two bushels and a halfe of Wheat will sow the same , which must be cast aboue Furrow fourteene or twenty daies before Michaelmas . It requireth round , high and narrow Ridges , and that the water-Furrowes be stricken somewhat deepe , the better to conueigh moisture from the Corne , and that it be left cloddy as much as may be : and yet to say the truth , such as will conuert this sort of ground to tillage , must prouide a greater quantity of rich ground or Greet ( as wee tearme it ) and of fat Dongue , then of Marle it selfe , to amend this Land withall . But if there bee any ground that is light and whining , or weeping , because of Springs that are therein , and therewith doth cast vp Rushes , let that be marled vpon the greene land with foure hundred or fiue hundred loads vpon the Acre , about the latter end of Summer ; for so will the Marle sinke into it , and cast vp a sweet grasse for eight or ten yeeres together , and vntill that the Marle be sunke so low , that another sword or crust of earth bee growne ouer it , and then is it fit time to plough it , but yet very fleet and narrow , for so will it beare good Oates ; but if it bee so wet that you cannot aduenture to sow your Wheat vpon it , because the Rushes bee not killed with this first ploughing , then may you sow it againe with Oates , drawing good water-furrowes to draine it , because it will be the wetter for ploughing , and thereby the Marle also will the sooner lose his force ; thus doing , let it lie to Pasture againe .

There be some other grounds of the Marle Cope , which carry a sowre Grasse , weed . and the Dyers Weed ( commonly called Greening weed ) and hauing a great tore thereof , the which also may be amended by three hundred or foure hundred load of Marle vpon the Acre of the greene Land : for the Marle will both rot the tore or vesture thereof , and also inrich the Mould very much ; so as it will answer good Pasture twelue yeeres after : and when you shall perceiue that the Marle is well sunke , then may it bee ploughed fleet and narrow , sowed with Oates , and fallowed ; so may it both beare good Wheat , if it finde a good season , and bee the richer a long time after , partly by the benefit of the Marle , partly by the rotting of the tore , and sword , and partly by the dongue and water of the Cattel that pasture vpon it : for the sweeter the Pasture is , the more Beasts it feedeth , and the more beasts it beareth , the more it selfe is amended by it .

Touching the fallowing of this ground , great heed is required : for as it swelleth more then the Haisell ground , if it be taken hard and dry , so is it more grassie then that , or the sandy Soyle , if you fallow it wet : The season therefore followeth commonly in Aprill , or in the beginning of May , for to fallow it , and to stirre it about Midsummer , or so soone after as the Raine shall haue prepared it meet for your vn-shod Oxen to labour vpon it . Many men fearing to hit the right season for this ground in the Spring of the yeere , doe make it ready by a Winter fallow before Christmas , and by stirring it before Midsummer , if they may ; which manner is not to be misliked .

Lastly , commeth the two sorts of sandy ground , The order of the san●● Moulds . and grauelly Mould ; the one being to be ordered much after the Haisell Mould , sauing he would haue somewhat more Marle , and also would be fauoured more in the often tillage , then it : for the Haisell Mould will beare or indure more tillage then the Sand. But this last sort of sandy ground , being a very staring Sand ( as we vse to call it ) for much of it will beare Heathe , being of it selfe very barren , and very fleet or shallow Mould , and ouer-hot and dry , and , by reason of that extremity , is vnfertill , except it be marled very plentifully . And therefore when you breake vp this ground , plough it as deepe as you may , not fearing to cast downe the best Mould thereof , because the Marle will pierce thorow , and sinke downe into it . An Acre of this ground requireth fiue hundred or sixe hundred loads of your Marle at the least . Sow alwaies vnder-furrow about Michaelmas , with two Bushels and a halfe vpon the Acre , which it will better carry then the Haisell ground : for although the Straw be small , yet will it bee harder , and stand better then that of the other . The worme whereof I spake , will bee busie with that , that groweth on this sort of ground , vntill that the heat thereof be somewhat asswaged by the Marle . If your ground be hilly , make your Water-furrowes in such sort , as I haue said before , for the sauing both of your Marle & Mould ; harrow it very little , leaue it as cloddy as you may . After that you haue taken a Crop from it ; fallow that Wheat Gratten or Stubble in May ; after that , stirre it also , and then , about Michaelmas , sow it with Wheat againe : for it is not yet rich enough to beare you good Pease . This done , let it rest foure or fiue yeeres , and if it send vp any plenty of Broome , cut or pull them when they bee of some meane bignesse , but plough not the ground , vntill it haue taken such rest , and after it , you may well breake it vp of new , and sow it with Oates : which Oate Gratten or Stubble , you must Summer-fallow , when it is at the Haruest ; and then if you desire to haue it in good heart , you must marle it with three hundred or foure hundred loads vpon the Acre againe . After this Crop thus taken , rest it fiue or sixe yeeres , and then take one Crop more of Oates from it , and , after a Summer-fallow , sow it with Wheat , and suffer it to ly a Wheat Gratten or Stubble , till it shall haue rested as before , is appoynted for the Haisell ground , and so will it be the better thirty or forty yeeres after the marling . Wee haue in this Weald a sandy and grauelly ground that is wet and weeping , the which is scarcely worth the marling , except the neerenesse of the Marle : and thereby the small cost and charge thereof , may intice a man to bestow the cost vpon it with Marle , and then the best way is to marle vpon the greene Land , or vpon a fallow , with fiue hundred loads or more vpon the Acre , or rather to take the profit thereof by Pasture then by Tillage : for it will hardly beare good Corne , which is soone killed with the wet vapour that is continually sent vp from the wet Springs that lye vnder it . This sort of ground is to bee fallowed , when it is both hard and dry , because it swelleth not as doth the Haisell Mould , and may therefore be taken in Iune , if former faire weather bring it not to a dry season ; and it is to bee stirred also after a showre , in the like plight as the Haisell mould before . Your marleable grounds being ordered in this wise , seuerally set downe for each kinde of them will continually stand fruitfull eyther for Corne or Pasture : and albeit the high prices which Corne hath of late yeeres carryed , may allure some men to sow Corne incessantly , and thereby to spend their Marle , and to choke their arable in the end , yet I doubt not but the wiser sort can see that it is much better to maintaine their grounds hearty and in good plight for euer , then to rayse a short gaine , that wil bring a long & perpetual losse vpon them , the rather also , because that Butter , Cheese , and the flesh of Beefe and Mutton , be aduanced in price equally , if not beyond Wheat , Rie , Barley , and the other Graines . Howbeit a good Husbandman will make his profit of them both : for if hee haue one hundred , or one hundred & twenty Acres of this Wealdish arable , he will so marle and manure them , that diuiding his Land into fiue or sixe equall parts , he may continually plough twenty or fiue and twenty Acres for Corne , and yet lay to Pasture the rest by turnes : so that by the help of his Marle , his Land shall be continually rich and profitable , both in the one and other of them . And as thus I haue spoken of the Weald , describing the nature and property thereof : so may euery man of discretion and iudgement , which shall meet with earth of the same quality and condition ( in what part of this Kingdome soeuer ) make application of these Rules before rehearsed , and no doubt but the profit will make both the labour and cost , profitable and pleasant .