THE
SOVLDIERS
GRAMMAR
.
CHAP.
1.
Of
Great
Motions
in
generall
.
HAuing
in
a
former
short
Discourse
,
or
small
Booke
,
Motiues
to
the
Worke.
Intituled
,
The
Soldiers
Accidence
,
(
being
an
Introduction
or
first
Guide
into
the
Art
Mylitary
)
shewed
all
those
first
Precepts
and
Rules
which
necessarily
belong
to
the
knowledge
of
euery
young
Soldier
,
so
farre
forth
as
concernes
the
Manage
and
gouernement
of
his
owne
particular
person
;
As
also
those
foure
principall
Grounds
,
from
whence
all
the
rest
of
this
famous
Art
taketh
its
deriuation
and
perfection
,
that
is
to
say
.
First
,
the
Carriage
and
vse
of
Armes
,
conteyned
in
diuers
Postures
or
Stations
,
expressing
the
Forme
,
Comlinesse
and
Readinesse
of
Men
in
Armes
.
Secondly
,
Distance
or
Seperation
of
place
,
whereby
Battayles
are
formed
,
changed
,
and
proportioned
,
according
to
the
will
and
pleasure
of
the
principall
Commanders
.
Thirdly
,
March
and
Motion
,
which
proceeding
from
certaine
peculiar
words
of
Command
,
and
generall
direction
,
the
Soldier
applieth
himselfe
to
performe
euery
command
in
the
fullnesse
of
perfection
.
And
Fourthly
and
lastly
,
the
knowledge
of
the
Beatings
of
the
Drumbe
,
by
which
the
Soldier
taketh
notice
of
euery
Command
,
when
the
sound
of
Mans
voice
is
drowned
or
obscured
.
It
now
seemeth
good
vnto
me
(
and
I
hope
it
will
yeeld
a
generall
profite
to
the
whole
Kingdome
)
to
fixe
vnto
the
aforesayd
Accidence
a
Grammar
or
Introduction
into
more
higher
,
necessary
and
more
subtile
and
curious
Rules
of
the
Art
Mylitary
,
whereby
the
younger
Schollers
may
be
enabled
to
proceed
and
goe
forward
in
the
greater
and
more
hidden
secrets
of
the
Arte
,
and
the
elder
or
better
experienced
Men
of
Warre
,
may
eyther
finde
Solutions
for
such
doubtes
as
shall
incumber
them
;
Or
else
matter
whereon
to
worke
,
and
make
their
owne
more
singular
Inuentions
and
Applications
more
wholesome
for
the
common
vse
,
and
more
pleasing
to
their
owne
Studies
and
Labours
.
The
first
thing
therefore
which
I
hold
most
necessary
to
Intreate
of
in
this
Grammar
,
is
of
Great
Motions
in
generall
;
Because
according
to
the
Opinion
of
the
Auncients
,
These
Military
Motions
are
the
Life
of
an
Armie
,
and
only
giue
meanes
of
Victorie
;
and
without
which
,
all
preparation
of
Forces
are
vaine
,
and
auaileth
nothing
in
the
Field
,
nor
to
the
end
for
which
they
were
Leuied
.
Since
then
,
Motion
is
of
this
inestimable
reputation
,
the
labor
cannot
be
misimployed
,
which
bringeth
any
luster
or
explanation
vnto
the
same
.
Of
the
Smaller
Motions
,
I
haue
spoken
somewhat
already
in
the
Accidence
;
As
of
Fileing
,
Rancking
,
Returning
to
the
first
Posture
,
Countermarching
,
Doubling
,
and
such
like
,
so
far
foorth
as
they
appertayne
to
euery
single
Person
,
or
to
the
parts
and
members
of
a
priuate
Companie
,
which
we
call
Squadrons
or
Camerados
.
But
now
I
am
to
intreat
of
the
Greater
Motions
,
which
belong
to
Regiments
,
Battalias
,
and
the
whole
Bodie
of
an
Armie
:
Neyther
in
the
discourse
of
these
things
,
are
you
to
expect
much
alteration
of
wordes
,
or
sence
,
but
only
the
application
of
them
vnto
the
Greater
and
more
infinite
Bodies
,
from
whence
they
take
the
denomination
of
the
Greater
Motions
.
The
Gretians
(
as
Aelian
and
his
Schollars
)
doe
reckon
vp
nineteene
seuerall
Great
Motions
,
Motions
vsed
in
the
olde
Warres
.
to
which
they
giue
especiall
Names
and
Titles
.
The
First
,
they
call
Clisis
,
which
is
a
Turning
to
eyther
Hand
.
The
Second
,
Metabole
,
which
we
call
Turning
about
.
The
Third
,
Perispasmos
,
which
we
call
Wheeling
about
.
The
Fourth
,
Epistrophe
,
which
we
call
a
Wheeling
,
eyther
to
the
one
,
or
the
other
Hand
,
but
not
entire
,
or
about
.
The
Fifth
,
Anastrophe
,
which
we
call
a
Returning
of
the
Wheele
vnto
the
First
Posture
or
Station
where
it
stood
before
it
was
mooued
,
or
Wheeled
to
eyther
Hand
.
The
Sixth
,
Ecperispasmos
,
which
we
call
a
treble
,
or
threefold
Wheeling
,
carrying
the
Battalia
three
parts
about
,
but
not
wholy
and
entire
.
The
Seuenth
,
Plagiophalanx
,
or
the
Broade
Fronted
Phalange
,
which
we
call
the
Broad
Fronted
Battalia
,
which
hath
the
Length
much
exceeding
the
Depth
.
The
Eight
,
Orthiophalanx
,
which
we
call
the
Deepe
Battalia
,
or
Herse
Battayle
,
which
is
a
Battayle
drawne
out
in
Wing
,
and
hauing
the
Depth
much
exceeding
the
Length
.
The
Ninth
,
Phalange
Loxe
,
which
we
call
an
Vneuen
Fronted
Battalia
,
because
one
of
the
Winges
(
which
is
thought
fittest
)
is
euer
drawne
forth
before
the
other
,
and
as
a
Forlorne
beginneth
the
Fight
against
the
Enemy
,
till
opportunity
serue
that
the
whole
Battayle
may
Ioyne
with
greater
aduantage
and
assurance
.
The
Tenth
,
Parembole
,
which
we
call
Insertion
,
being
a
Drawing
vp
of
the
Souldiers
before
,
then
taking
off
the
Hindermost
,
we
Ranke
them
within
the
distances
of
the
First
.
The
Eleuenth
,
Protaxis
,
which
we
call
Fore-Fronting
,
as
when
we
place
eyther
the
Light-Armed
or
other
Loosse
Shotte
before
the
Front
of
the
Battayle
,
and
make
them
Fore-standers
or
beginners
of
the
Skyrmish
.
The
Twelfth
,
Epitaxis
,
which
we
call
an
After
placing
or
Attending
on
the
Reare
,
so
that
if
the
Enemie
shall
Charge
behind
,
yet
are
the
Light-Armed
in
readinesse
,
and
prepared
to
giue
their
Volleys
,
being
placed
so
behind
the
Reare
(
as
the
other
before
the
Front
)
for
a
singular
helpe
and
anoyance
.
The
Thirteenth
,
Prostaxis
,
which
we
call
a
Ioyning
of
Bodies
together
,
by
adding
to
eyther
of
the
Flankes
,
or
to
both
entirely
,
any
new
Supply
of
Men
,
eyther
from
the
Reare
of
the
same
Battalia
,
or
otherwise
,
from
any
other
remooued
Bodie
or
Regiment
,
whereby
the
Front
of
the
Battayle
is
increased
.
The
Fourteenth
,
Entaxis
,
which
we
call
Insition
,
or
Inserting
,
as
when
we
draw
the
Light-Armed
,
or
Loose
vnguarded
Shotte
,
within
the
spaces
of
the
Fyles
and
Rankes
of
the
Armed
Battalia
,
so
as
they
may
be
free
from
danger
,
and
yet
notwithstanding
,
euer
readie
to
deliuer
their
Vollies
in
the
face
of
the
Enemies
,
be
they
Foote
or
Horse
,
as
they
shall
giue
their
aproaches
.
The
Fifteenth
,
Hypotaxis
,
which
we
call
Double
Winging
,
as
when
we
draw
the
Light-Armed
or
Loose
Shott
,
only
within
the
Armed
Winges
of
the
Battalia
,
and
not
into
the
Entire
Bodie
,
and
placing
them
in
such
an
Embowed
forme
,
that
the
whole
forme
or
figure
thereof
may
resemble
a
threefold
Gate
or
Doore
.
The
sixteenth
,
we
call
an
Induction
,
or
a
Right
Induction
,
as
when
one
Bodie
or
Battalia
of
one
and
the
same
kinde
,
in
forme
and
proportion
,
followeth
one
another
,
and
so
the
March
of
Motion
stretcheth
out
it selfe
into
the
manner
or
forme
of
a
Wing
,
hauing
the
Depth
much
exceeding
the
Length
;
And
this
kind
of
Battayle
or
Right
Induction
,
may
consist
eyther
of
a
Single
Bodie
,
as
when
but
one
Enemie
is
feared
,
or
of
a
Double
Bodie
,
as
when
two
are
expected
,
or
of
a
Treble
,
when
three
are
on
foote
,
or
of
a
Quadruple
,
when
the
Enemie
purposeth
to
giue
on
all
sides
.
The
Seauenteenth
,
Paragoge
,
which
we
call
Deduction
,
is
when
a
Battalia
mooueth
in
a
Wing
,
not
by
File
,
but
by
Ranke
,
hauing
the
File-leaders
on
the
Right-hand
,
which
is
called
a
Right
Deduction
,
or
on
the
Left
Hand
,
which
is
called
a
Left
Hand
Deduction
;
And
this
Bodie
or
Battalia
also
Marcheth
(
as
the
former
)
eyther
in
a
Single
,
Double
,
Treble
,
or
Quadruple
Deuision
,
according
to
the
feare
they
apprehend
of
the
Enemie
,
and
the
aduantage
of
the
place
&
ground
,
vpon
which
they
march
and
mooue
.
The
Eighteenth
,
Amphistomus
,
which
we
call
the
Two
Fronted
Battayle
,
and
looketh
vpon
the
Enemy
two
seuerall
wayes
,
that
is
to
say
,
by
an
euen
and
lust
Deuision
,
in
the
midst
of
an
equall
conuersion
of
the
two
parts
;
The
Middle-men
or
Halfe-fyle
men
are
turned
back
to
back
,
and
those
in
the
Front
and
Reare
make
two
equall
Fronts
,
and
brauely
Aduance
against
the
Enemie
,
and
this
kinde
of
Motion
is
excellent
against
Horse
.
The
Nineteenth
,
Antistomus
,
which
wee
also
call
a
Two
Fronted
Battayle
,
and
differeth
only
from
the
former
but
in
this
,
that
as
the
Two
Fronted
Battayle
Amphistomus
is
Fronted
by
the
Front
and
the
Reare
,
so
this
Two
Fronted
Battayle
Antistomus
,
is
Fronted
by
the
two
Flanks
,
the
Right
flanke
,
and
the
Left
,
and
the
Motion
hath
the
like
vse
and
perfection
which
the
former
hath
,
being
generally
applyed
for
the
Encounter
of
Horse
.
Diuers
other
particular
Motions
they
haue
,
both
for
Armies
and
Battalias
,
Diuers
other
Motions
.
as
that
which
they
call
Diphalange
Peristomus
,
Diphalange
Homoiostoneus
,
Diphalange
Heterostomus
,
the
Rhombe
,
the
Heteromekes
,
the
Epicampios
Emprosthia
,
the
Cyrte
,
the
Tetragonall
,
Ploesium
,
and
diuers
others
,
of
which
I
shall
haue
occasion
to
write
hereafter
:
For
this
present
,
and
for
the
generallity
of
Motion
,
these
already
shewed
and
expounded
are
sufficient
;
Of
all
which
,
you
shall
in
the
ensuing
Chapters
(
as
particulars
shall
arise
)
receiue
both
full
Demonstrations
and
Examples
,
whereby
the
dullest
vnderstanding
shall
be
enabled
to
conceiue
,
and
carry
away
those
Mysteries
of
Art
and
Science
,
which
hetherto
haue
layne
hidden
and
obscured
;
The
Authors
plainenesse
Nor
haue
I
any
intention
in
this
Worke
,
so
to
tye
and
conforme
my selfe
to
the
Auncients
,
eyther
Gretians
,
or
Romans
,
that
thereby
(
knitting
my selfe
to
their
Words
and
Phrases
)
I
might
bring
a
cloude
of
darkenesse
ouer
my
Labours
,
which
I
haue
only
dedicated
to
Trueth
and
Plainenesse
:
But
I
doe
freely
intend
to
set
downe
euery
thing
,
in
those
plaine
,
moderne
,
and
vsuall
formes
of
Direction
,
as
may
be
auaileable
for
the
simplest
capacity
,
and
profitable
for
all
those
that
haue
bound
themselues
Prentises
to
this
Noble
Art
,
and
glorious
Aduancement
.
CHAP.
2.
Of
the
Particular
Motions
belonging
to
the
Foote
onely
.
ALL
manner
of
Marches
and
Motions
whatsoeuer
,
In
what
,
Motions
consist
.
belonging
to
a
Foote
Company
(
as
I
haue
touched
before
in
my
Accidence
)
must
of
necessity
,
be
eyther
in
Distance
,
or
Forme
;
&
eyther
of
these
must
be
,
eyther
in
Fyles
or
Rankes
,
seuerally
,
and
of
themselues
,
or
else
ioyntly
,
both
together
.
Of
Distances
.
Of
Fyles
and
Rankes
,
what
they
are
,
what
their
extents
ought
to
be
,
what
effects
,
vertues
,
and
vses
are
wrought
by
them
,
I
haue
sufficiently
shewed
in
my
Accidence
:
Only
,
because
there
is
a
little
difference
betwixt
vs
and
the
Auncients
,
and
betwixt
the
Schollers
of
these
Moderne
times
,
and
the
Schollers
of
the
Elder
World
,
I
will
as
neere
as
I
can
,
reconcile
them
,
or
at
least
,
bring
them
to
shake
hands
,
and
agree
together
.
The
first
Receiuers
of
Millitarie
Discipline
(
and
those
which
are
at
this
day
their
Schollers
,
and
profest
Imitators
)
would
haue
a
File
to
consist
of
Sixeteene
Men
in
depth
,
successiuely
one
after
an
other
:
Others
would
haue
it
consist
of
Eight
;
And
others
(
which
are
our
latest
and
best
approued
)
would
haue
them
consist
of
Ten.
The
reason
why
the
first
would
haue
it
consist
of
sixteene
,
The
Ancient
and
the
Moderne
Author
reconcil'd
.
is
because
it
is
an
euen
and
proportionable
number
,
which
may
bee
doubled
to
the
last
man
;
as
from
sixteene
to
eight
,
from
eight
to
foure
,
from
foure
to
two
,
from
two
to
one
;
and
so
backe
againe
reduced
to
the
first
forme
or
Station
.
This
I
confesse
beares
a
faire
shew
of
much
probability
,
and
was
doubtlesse
in
the
first
Age
,
of
singular
vse
and
benefit
,
both
for
the
forming
and
proportioning
of
Battailes
;
as
also
for
the
readinesse
of
Marching
,
and
the
mixing
or
ioyning
of
many
Grosses
,
or
great
Bodies
,
in
one
square
,
Round
or
Triangular
fashion
.
But
it
is
to
be
vnderstood
,
that
in
these
former
dayes
,
there
was
no
vse
or
knowledge
of
Shot
,
because
the
inuention
of
Fire
lay
then
vnknowne
;
their
Darts
,
Slings
,
Crosse-bowes
,
Long-bowes
,
and
the
like
,
which
passed
vnder
the
Light-armed
,
held
then
no
method
or
prescript
forme
in
giuing
their
Volleis
,
but
deliuered
them
one
ouer
anothers
head
,
without
danger
:
so
that
the
deeper
the
File
was
,
the
greater
the
Volley
was
,
and
the
Enemy
the
more
indangered
;
besides
the
drawing
and
nocking
of
the
Arrow
,
the
Lading
of
the
Sling
,
the
bending
of
the
Crosse-bow
,
and
the
charging
of
the
Dart
,
are
Motions
so
soddaine
,
so
quicke
,
and
so
secure
,
that
there
is
no
necessity
of
alteration
of
place
;
for
in
as
much
as
not
any
of
these
Volleis
are
deliuered
vpon
the
Leuell
,
but
vpon
necessity
on
the
Mounture
;
therefore
the
forestanders
,
or
leaders
of
Files
,
and
their
followers
are
not
indangered
by
the
Reare
:
so
that
in
this
case
,
the
deeper
the
File
is
,
the
more
hands
are
brought
to
fight
,
and
the
victory
the
sooner
obtained
.
But
with
vs
now
in
these
moderne
and
latter
times
,
wherein
the
Inuention
of
Shott
and
Powder
is
founde
out
;
and
the
danger
,
Sodainnesse
and
Violence
of
the
Fire
is
knowne
:
in
so
much
that
it
is
euer
deliuered
in
Leuell
,
seldome
or
neuer
at
Random
(
for
that
is
vselesse
and
to
no
constant
purpose
)
.
In
this
case
there
is
great
respect
to
be
had
to
the
alteration
and
change
of
place
,
for
(
as
I
haue
sayd
before
)
to
deliuer
Short
one
behinde
another
(
and
that
also
in
Leuell
)
is
for
the
hindmost
to
Kill
the
formost
,
if
they
Shoot
in
Leuell
(
as
they
ought
)
or
otherwise
Shooting
at
Randome
,
to
spende
their
Bulletts
to
no
purpose
and
leaue
the
Enemie
vnauoided
;
Therefore
in
this
true
and
certayne
Discipline
,
Fier
is
onlye
to
be
giuen
in
the
Front
,
and
so
by
succession
of
Ranks
,
one
Volley
after
another
,
euery
hand
is
in
his
due
time
and
place
brought
to
Fight
,
and
the
Volley
hath
no
intermission
or
respeit
.
Now
it
is
to
bee
considered
in
what
space
of
time
a
man
may
Charge
and
Discharge
his
Peece
mouing
from
the
Front
to
the
Reare
,
and
so
Assending
vp
to
the
Front
againe
;
and
it
is
found
by
the
experience
of
all
well
Iudging
Souldiers
,
that
the
depth
of
Tenn
men
is
the
absolute
best
Number
,
For
the
first
man
Discharging
in
the
Front
,
in
the
space
that
nine
more
shall
come
and
doe
the
like
:
The
first
shall
make
his
place
good
againe
,
&
so
continnue
the
Volley
ad
infinitum
.
Now
there
are
some
which
strongly
hold
opinion
,
that
Eight
in
depth
of
File
shall
doe
as
much
as
ten
,
and
with
as
litle
Difficultie
make
readie
and
Present
;
which
no
question
,
may
be
possible
,
in
expert
,
old
,
and
readie
Soldiers
and
so
a
competent
and
sufficient
File
;
But
in
raw
,
Ignorant
,
and
half
exercised
men
it
cannot
be
so
,
Neither
can
it
be
hoped
that
dutie
shall
so
sudainly
be
performed
,
And
if
there
be
losse
of
dutie
in
one
man
,
there
will
be
losse
of
duty
in
more
,
and
so
the
Volley
will
be
weakned
&
the
Battalia
put
in
danger
;
To
add
a
man
and
make
the
File
nine
,
is
no
good
Extent
,
because
that
odd
Number
comming
to
be
doubled
,
there
will
be
a
weaknesse
either
in
the
Front
,
or
in
the
Reare
;
And
that
wekenesse
may
ouerthrow
the
whole
Battalia
;
So
that
for
a
conclusion
of
this
point
,
I
cannot
but
disallowe
Sixteene
in
File
as
being
to
great
a
Number
,
in
which
no
lesse
then
Six
men
are
lost
in
euery
File
so
oft
as
they
shall
Sallie
vp
or
make
their
aproaches
,
eight
I
feare
is
two
men
to
litle
,
the
Skill
and
Dexteritie
of
the
Souldiers
being
doubtfull
;
and
Nine
,
for
the
odds
may
not
be
admitted
,
So
that
it
resteth
that
Tenn
men
in
File
is
the
olde
cettaine
,
and
alowable
Number
.
I
doe
not
denie
but
that
in
Exercising
of
the
Souldiers
,
the
Number
Eight
is
very
alowable
and
will
bring
them
to
a
great
quicknesse
and
readinesse
,
but
when
they
shall
be
brought
to
to
fight
,
and
mixe
with
other
Regiments
;
Then
you
are
to
obserue
the
generall
forme
of
the
Armie
,
and
what
Extent
of
File
the
whole
Armie
Marcheth
in
,
the
same
Number
and
Proportion
you
shall
keepe
in
your
priuat
Companie
,
Which
questionlesse
at
this
day
is
the
Number
Tenn
,
and
no
other
:
both
for
the
fittnesse
of
the
Number
in
Discharging
Dutie
,
as
also
in
that
by
the
Number
Tenn
,
Euery
Hundred
Men
make
a
perfect
Square
,
and
so
are
the
soonest
and
with
the
least
trouble
drawne
into
any
Forme
of
Battaile
that
the
prncipall
Commander
can
desire
.
Thus
I
haue
shewed
you
the
trne
Extent
of
a
File
,
The
ground
of
all
Motions
.
and
the
Impediments
which
hang
vpon
the
alteration
of
Opinions
;
wherein
you
are
to
vnderstand
that
in
all
Millitarie
Motions
there
must
be
euer
a
certaine
and
Infallible
grounde
whereon
to
Builde
the
greater
workes
;
For
where
euerie
thing
is
vncertaine
there
all
things
must
needes
be
Confused
,
Now
in
the
Artt
of
Warr
,
Rankes
are
vncertaine
,
and
doe
consiste
of
Numbers
accordinge
to
pleasure
?
Companies
are
Imperfect
,
Occationed
by
imployment
,
Sicknesse
,
Death
,
or
other
Dissasters
:
Regiments
are
more
or
lesse
according
to
the
goodnesse
,
or
badnesse
of
the
Officers
,
only
the
File
is
certaine
and
without
Alteration
,
So
that
from
that
Ground
,
euerie
good
and
great
Commander
(
vpon
the
first
view
)
can
tell
howe
to
shape
and
proportion
any
Battaile
whatsoeuer
.
This
being
then
the
concluding
Maxime
touching
the
true
Extent
,
The
drawing
of
Grosses
into
order
.
and
Quantitie
of
a
File
,
which
is
the
Grounde
or
Foundation
where
vpon
all
great
Battailes
are
Built
.
We
will
now
proceede
to
the
seuerall
Motions
belonging
to
the
Foote
Companies
,
of
which
the
first
and
Principall
,
is
the
drauing
of
Rude
,
and
Indigested
Grosses
,
into
a
faire
,
orderlie
,
and
well
proportioned
Bodie
;
and
this
must
not
in
anie
wise
be
done
by
Rankinge
,
and
Drawinge
forthe
of
Rankes
,
for
that
is
rude
,
and
vn-souldier
like
,
because
Ranks
haue
no
certainty
,
nor
hold
any
constant
Number
:
So
that
no
man
taking
a
rude
heape
of
confused
men
(
which
number
he
knoweth
not
)
can
tell
how
many
Rankes
they
will
containe
,
and
keepe
the
Files
certaine
:
therefore
to
put
these
men
in
Order
,
it
must
be
done
by
Filing
,
and
not
Ranking
;
euery
File
of
one
and
the
same
Weapon
,
being
drawne
out
File
after
File
,
and
then
ioyned
and
formed
into
one
grosse
Body
,
according
to
the
pleasure
of
the
Commander
.
And
in
this
drawing
vp
of
Bodies
,
is
to
bee
considered
the
composition
,
or
parts
,
whereof
euery
File
must
consist
;
that
is
to
say
,
the
principall
and
first
man
of
euery
File
,
is
called
the
Leader
,
or
Captaine
of
the
File
,
hee
leadeth
;
then
followeth
him
three
of
Inferiour
degree
;
the
first
man
is
called
the
middle
man
to
the
Reare
,
or
a
Leader
of
halfe
files
to
the
Reare
;
the
sixth
man
is
called
the
middle-man
to
the
Front
,
or
leader
of
the
halfe
file
to
the
Front
;
then
after
them
,
three
other
inferiour
followers
;
and
lastly
,
the
Reare
,
or
Bringer
vp
:
So
that
euery
File
consisteth
of
foure
men
of
eminence
and
desert
,
as
the
Leader
,
the
Bringer
vp
,
Of
single
Files
.
the
Middle-man
to
the
Front
,
and
the
Middle-man
to
the
Reare
,
and
sixe
inferiour
followers
or
attendants
,
as
by
this
example
you
shall
see
more
plainely
.
Single
Files
.
Files
in
a
Body
.
The
next
Motion
after
the
drawing
vp
of
confused
Numbers
into
an
vniforme
,
Of
closing
and
opening
.
is
the
closing
and
opening
of
Fyles
or
Rankes
,
or
both
Fyles
and
Rankes
at
one
instant
;
And
in
this
Motion
,
is
to
be
obserued
,
true
Distance
,
or
seperation
of
Place
,
according
to
the
will
of
the
Commander
,
because
it
is
a
Motion
that
only
consisteth
in
distance
.
The
next
,
is
a
Motion
in
Forme
,
and
that
also
consisteth
of
Fyles
or
Rankes
seuerally
,
or
of
both
Fyles
and
Rankes
ioyntly
,
in
one
instant
;
And
this
is
doubling
of
Fyles
,
or
Rankes
:
If
doubling
of
Fyles
?
it
is
according
to
this
example
.
Fyles
vndoubled
.
Fyles
dubled
to
the
Right
Hand
.
These
Fyles
being
eight
in
Number
,
are
doubled
to
the
Right
Hand
,
The
manner
of
performing
the
Motion
.
the
outermost
or
corner
Man
of
the
Rght
Hand
standing
still
,
and
making
good
both
his
owne
Place
,
and
all
the
rest
of
his
Fyle
,
and
the
next
Man
on
his
Left
Hand
passing
behind
him
,
and
so
successiuely
the
whole
second
Fyle
passing
(
as
the
first
)
behind
the
first
Fyle
,
the
fourth
Fyle
behind
the
third
Fyle
,
the
sixth
behind
the
fifth
,
&
the
eight
behind
the
seuenth
;
and
so
they
stand
doubled
,
as
in
the
Example
before
shewed
;
where
eight
Fyles
are
brought
into
foure
,
and
the
depth
of
ten
brought
into
the
depth
of
twentie
:
And
in
this
doubling
,
is
to
be
obserued
,
by
those
which
remooue
and
passe
behind
the
other
,
that
if
it
be
to
the
Right
Hand
,
then
he
is
first
to
come
about
round
with
his
Left
Foote
,
then
step
forward
with
his
Right
Foote
behind
his
Leader
that
must
be
,
and
then
bring
on
his
Left
Foote
,
and
place
his
Body
euen
;
so
that
by
these
three
Motions
,
the
action
shall
be
performed
in
perfection
:
And
thus
as
you
double
Fyles
to
the
Right
Hand
,
so
you
may
also
double
them
to
the
Left
Hand
,
vsing
euerie
Motion
in
a
contrary
manner
;
that
is
to
say
,
where
the
Right
hand
Man
did
before
stand
firme
,
and
the
Left
hand
Man
did
moue
;
now
the
Left
hand
Man
must
stand
firme
,
and
the
Right
hand
Man
must
remoue
;
and
as
before
,
the
Left
foote
did
first
come
about
,
so
now
the
Right
foote
must
,
and
when
they
shall
be
reduced
back
againe
to
their
first
Place
or
Station
,
then
it
is
to
be
obserued
,
that
they
must
in
three
Stepps
or
Motions
,
recouer
their
former
Places
,
remouing
first
the
Left
foote
,
if
the
double
were
to
the
Right
hand
,
and
the
Right
foote
,
if
the
double
were
made
to
the
Left
hand
.
The
next
Motion
,
Aduancing
of
Files
.
being
also
a
Motion
in
Forme
,
is
the
aduancing
of
Fyles
,
which
is
also
a
doubling
,
though
after
another
manner
:
For
in
this
aduancing
of
Fyles
(
if
it
be
to
the
Right
hand
)
then
the
Right
hand
File
standeth
still
,
and
the
Leader
of
the
next
file
vnto
it
,
doth
advance
before
the
Right
hand
file
,
and
his
whole
file
following
him
in
true
order
and
distance
,
they
all
aduance
,
till
the
Bringer
vp
,
or
Reare
Man
,
stand
iust
before
the
Leader
of
the
Right
hand
file
,
which
standeth
still
,
and
moueth
not
;
then
the
fourth
file
aduanceth
before
the
third
,
the
sixth
before
the
fifth
,
and
the
eight
before
the
seauenth
,
and
so
forth
,
till
euery
other
file
haue
aduanced
in
the
whole
Battalia
:
And
in
like
manner
,
if
the
Aduancement
be
made
to
the
Left
hand
,
then
those
which
stood
still
,
when
the
Aduancement
was
to
the
Right
hand
shall
moue
,
and
they
which
did
moue
shall
now
stand
still
,
as
by
these
Examples
doth
more
plainely
apeare
.
Fyles
Vnaduanced
.
Fyles
Aduanced
.
Thus
you
see
how
Fyles
are
to
be
Aduanced
,
eyther
to
the
Right
hand
,
or
to
the
Left
,
wherein
is
to
be
obserued
;
that
howsoeuer
I
speake
of
files
to
be
aduanced
distinctly
,
one
after
another
;
yet
the
Motion
is
to
be
don
entirely
,
of
one
mouing
file
at
one
instant
:
And
thus
,
if
you
please
,
you
may
Aduance
so
oft
,
that
you
may
bring
a
whole
Battalia
into
one
single
file
.
Reducing
them
to
their
first
forme
.
Now
for
reducing
them
into
their
first
forme
or
body
againe
,
the
Word
(
As
you
were
)
being
giuen
,
euery
mouing
file
that
did
Aduance
,
shall
turne
Faces
about
,
and
so
march
back
to
their
first
places
;
and
as
thus
,
you
aduance
eyther
to
the
Right
or
Left
hand
at
one
instant
;
So
you
may
also
at
one
instant
aduance
both
to
the
Right
and
Left
hand
by
deuision
,
making
the
second
file
aduance
before
the
first
,
the
fourth
before
the
third
,
the
seuenth
before
the
eight
,
the
fyfth
before
the
sixth
:
And
as
thus
in
aduancing
,
so
also
in
doubling
of
files
,
as
you
double
to
the
Right
or
Left
hand
;
so
you
may
double
to
both
the
Right
and
Left
hand
at
one
instant
by
deuision
,
the
second
file
passing
behind
the
first
,
the
fourth
behind
the
third
,
then
the
seuenth
behind
the
eight
,
and
the
fifth
behind
the
sixth
.
Now
here
by
the
way
there
may
a
scruple
arise
,
that
for
as
much
as
numbers
may
vary
,
and
that
all
bodies
hold
not
one
euen
or
iust
content
or
Number
;
that
then
in
case
there
be
an
odd
file
,
how
then
shall
the
bodie
be
doubled
?
To
this
I
answere
,
that
if
you
happen
to
haue
an
odde
file
,
then
looke
to
what
hand
you
double
vnto
,
then
the
outmost
file
to
the
contrary
hand
shall
stand
and
keepe
his
place
firme
,
without
doubling
at
all
;
as
if
you
double
to
the
Right
hand
,
then
the
Left
hand
file
stands
fast
and
vndoubled
;
or
if
you
double
to
the
Left
hand
,
then
the
Right
hand
file
stands
fast
and
vndoubled
,
as
by
these
examples
plainely
apeareth
.
The
odde
Battalia
Vudoubled
.
The
odde
Battalia
Doubled
.
Thus
you
see
how
the
odde
Fyle
standeth
,
and
is
still
preserued
in
euery
Motion
,
being
still
kept
in
its
order
,
both
by
the
Leader
and
the
Side-man
;
and
when
so
euer
the
Bodie
is
reduced
into
its
first
forme
or
Station
,
then
is
it
full
and
perfit
,
as
any
other
file
what
so
euer
.
The
next
necessary
Motion
vnto
the
doublings
,
and
aduancing
of
files
,
Of
Countermarching
.
is
the
Countermarching
of
files
,
which
is
also
another
Motion
in
forme
;
And
of
Countermarching
,
there
are
diuers
kindes
;
as
first
,
the
ordinary
Countermarch
,
which
is
daily
vsed
amongst
vs
,
when
so
euer
we
march
or
turne
the
bodie
of
the
Battalta
too
or
fro
;
and
this
Countermarch
,
is
called
of
some
,
The
Persian
Countermarch
,
because
it
was
first
in
vse
amongst
them
;
others
call
it
the
Cretan
,
as
taken
from
the
Immitation
of
those
Souldiers
;
&
others
call
it
the
Choraean
,
from
Chorus
,
which
signifieth
a
Companie
,
of
which
Companie
,
there
were
certaine
Dancers
,
who
in
a
Warlike
Dance
were
the
first
beginners
of
this
Motion
;
This
Motion
is
performed
of
the
whole
Battalia
all
at
one
instant
;
the
Leaders
of
the
Fyles
(
vpon
the
word
giuen
,
to
which
hand
they
shall
Countermarch
)
beginning
the
motion
,
as
thus
,
If
the
Word
be
giuen
to
Countermarch
to
the
Right
hand
,
then
shall
the
Leaders
of
the
Fyles
,
at
one
instant
steppe
one
steppe
forward
with
the
Right
foote
,
then
bringing
the
Left
foote
and
the
Bodie
round
about
to
the
Right
hand
,
and
so
march
downe
through
the
distance
betweene
the
Fyles
,
till
they
come
to
the
Reare
,
where
the
Bringer-vp
stood
,
and
there
they
shall
make
a
Stand
;
And
in
this
Motion
,
euery
Leader
shall
obserue
his
Right
hand
Man
,
that
they
may
keepe
their
Front
whole
and
vndismembred
,
because
the
least
disorder
in
this
Motion
,
is
the
ouerthrow
&
disgrace
of
the
whole
Bodie
;
and
as
these
Leaders
begin
and
conduct
in
this
orderly
manner
;
so
shall
all
the
rest
of
euery
File
,
obseruing
true
Place
and
Distance
,
follow
with
as
great
care
and
seuerity
,
euery
Man
obseruing
his
Leader
and
his
Right
hand
Man
,
and
that
by
no
meanes
they
offer
to
turne
,
till
they
haue
made
good
the
first
place
,
where
the
Fyle
Leaders
did
turne
,
and
so
keeping
their
Rankes
euen
and
iust
,
the
Motion
will
be
exceeding
comely
,
as
by
this
Example
apeareth
.
A
Battaila
in
Countermarch
to
the
Right
Hand
.
The
Battalia
after
the
Counter
march
.
Now
as
they
doe
thus
Countermarch
to
the
Reare
,
so
they
may
if
the
Commander
please
,
countermarch
backe
to
the
Front
againe
without
intermission
,
and
so
as
oft
and
as
farre
as
the
Commander
pleaseth
.
Now
in
this
Countermarch
,
it
would
bee
obserued
,
that
the
Files
should
euer
be
well
opened
;
as
at
the
open
Order
of
sixe
foote
at
the
least
;
as
for
the
Ranks
they
may
be
either
at
Order
,
or
close
Order
,
vnlesse
they
consist
of
Shot
,
and
then
they
may
not
march
straighter
then
the
Order
of
three
foot
;
because
otherwise
it
will
incumber
them
,
and
take
from
them
the
vse
of
their
Weapons
:
and
as
thus
the
Countermarch
is
made
to
the
right
or
left
Hand
entirely
;
so
it
may
bee
made
both
to
the
right
and
left
Hand
by
diuision
,
as
hath
beene
shewed
before
in
other
motions
.
And
this
Countermarch
is
of
singular
vse
,
for
it
chargeth
the
Enemy
standing
,
it
chargeth
him
Marching
,
and
it
chargeth
him
retyring
;
besides
it
bringeth
euery
hand
to
fight
and
suffereth
none
to
loose
duty
.
The
Lacedemonian
countermarch
.
The
next
Countermarch
is
that
which
is
called
the
Lacedemonians
Countermarch
,
as
being
first
receiued
from
their
example
,
and
it
is
of
singular
vse
in
charging
of
the
enemie
,
in
making
of
approaches
,
and
in
gaining
of
ground
of
aduantage
;
and
though
at
first
the
Ancients
found
it
out
for
their
light
Armed
,
which
were
their
Slings
,
Darts
,
Crosse-bowes
,
and
Long-bowes
.
Yet
now
with
vs
it
is
found
of
most
excellent
vse
for
our
Shot
,
and
not
vnnecessary
for
the
Pikes
,
and
other
short
Weapons
for
execution
,
because
it
bringeth
forward
euery
hand
in
the
Charge
,
and
suffereth
none
to
loose
duty
,
neither
doe
they
at
any
time
stand
or
slacke
in
their
Charge
,
but
still
aduance
and
goe
forward
,
till
they
haue
attained
the
ende
of
their
purpose
.
The
manner
of
this
Nation
is
thus
,
the
first
Ranke
or
Leaders
of
the
Files
of
Shot
,
doe
present
and
giue
fire
,
then
stand
;
and
the
second
Ranke
passing
either
to
the
right
or
left
Hand
(
according
to
commandement
)
aduance
before
the
first
Ranke
,
couering
them
both
in
order
and
distance
;
then
the
third
Ranke
aduanceth
and
couereth
the
second
;
the
fourth
,
the
third
;
and
so
foorth
in
an
orderly
charge
,
till
the
Bringer
vp
or
Reare
be
brought
and
made
the
Front
;
and
so
as
occasion
shall
serue
to
continue
still
,
till
the
ende
of
Commandment
.
Now
for
the
Pikes
or
short
Weapons
,
they
shall
not
need
to
aduance
one
Ranke
before
another
,
but
shall
keepe
their
constant
March
(
with
their
Pykes
aduanced
,
ported
,
or
shouldered
)
euen
still
with
the
first
Ranke
of
Shot
,
till
they
come
to
encounter
and
charge
the
Enemy
,
and
then
at
pleasure
,
and
as
occasion
shall
serue
,
they
may
couer
one
another
,
and
bring
euery
seuerall
hand
to
the
pushe
,
till
the
last
be
first
,
and
the
first
last
,
as
by
this
Example
doth
plainely
appeare
.
The
Battalia
before
the
Countermarch
.
The
Countermarch
performed
.
There
be
others
which
would
haue
this
Lacedemonian
Countermarch
in
an
other
maner
,
which
is
for
the
first
Ranke
to
Face
to
the
Reare
,
then
the
second
Ranke
,
and
so
all
the
rest
of
the
Body
,
to
march
vp
and
turne
behinde
their
Leaders
;
but
they
are
mistaken
,
and
conceiue
not
rightly
of
the
Author
from
whence
they
take
their
Instruction
:
for
this
Motion
rather
looseth
then
gayneth
ground
,
and
seemeth
rather
to
retyre
,
then
charge
;
But
I
leaue
the
reconcilement
of
the
doubt
to
those
of
better
Iudgement
.
The
Macedonian
Countermarch
.
The
next
Motion
is
called
the
Macedonian
Countermarch
,
but
from
what
ground
,
it
is
not
yet
discussed
.
As
for
the
manner
of
the
Motion
,
it
is
in
this
wise
;
The
File
leaders
all
turne
about
their
Faces
,
and
all
the
rest
with
the
Bringers
vp
,
goe
against
them
on
the
right
or
left
hand
,
and
passing
on
to
the
Ground
before
the
Front
of
the
Battalia
,
place
themselues
in
order
one
after
another
,
according
as
the
File-leaders
haue
turned
their
Faces
,
making
a
shew
vnto
the
Enemy
as
if
they
were
retyring
,
or
running
away
;
which
inticing
the
enemy
to
pursue
,
is
of
most
singular
vse
to
make
him
leaue
and
forsake
any
place
or
ground
of
aduantage
.
Others
take
this
Motion
to
bee
the
Macedonian
Countermarch
,
when
the
File-leader
turneth
about
his
face
,
and
the
rest
passing
by
him
on
the
right
or
left
Hand
,
place
themselues
orderly
,
one
behinde
another
.
And
here
is
to
be
noted
,
that
all
these
Countermarches
already
spoken
of
,
may
as
well
be
done
by
Ranks
,
as
by
Fyles
,
and
both
to
the
right
or
left
hand
entirely
,
or
to
both
by
deuision
,
or
both
by
Conuersion
;
as
in
the
former
Examples
.
Doubling
of
Rankes
.
The
next
Motion
,
is
the
doubling
of
Rankes
either
to
the
Right
or
Left
Hand
intirely
,
as
when
the
second
Ranke
marcheth
into
the
first
,
the
fourth
into
the
third
,
the
sixt
into
the
fift
,
and
the
eight
into
the
seuenth
;
and
this
Motion
must
be
done
very
orderly
,
beginning
with
the
left
foote
,
and
at
three
steps
making
perfect
the
doubling
;
then
when
they
are
to
be
reduced
to
their
first
Forme
againe
,
to
obserue
that
if
they
doubled
to
the
right
Hand
,
then
they
must
turne
on
the
left
hand
,
to
come
to
their
first
places
againe
,
and
so
contrary
to
the
other
,
as
occasion
shall
serue
;
or
this
Motion
may
be
done
to
both
hands
by
Deuision
,
or
to
both
hands
by
Conversion
,
and
to
either
Open
Order
,
Order
,
or
Close
Order
:
according
to
these
examples
.
Rankes
vndoubled
.
Rankes
Doubled
.
Thus
you
see
Rankes
doubled
and
vndoubled
,
now
there
is
another
manner
of
doubling
of
Rankes
,
and
that
is
by
the
Middlemen
,
or
halfe
Files
,
when
they
Aduancing
and
leading
vp
their
halfe
Files
brings
the
fift
Ranke
on
which
hand
they
are
commanded
(
being
Middlemen
to
the
Front
)
into
the
first
Ranke
,
the
sixt
into
the
second
,
the
seuenth
into
the
third
,
and
the
eight
in-into
the
fourth
,
which
are
Middlemen
vnto
the
Reare
:
as
you
may
see
in
this
example
.
Halfe
Files
vndoubled
.
Halfe
Files
Doubled
.
Halfe
Files
as
they
were
.
Now
to
reduce
,
or
bring
these
into
their
first
place
or
forme
,
the
halfe
Fyles
which
did
ascend
,
shall
turne
their
Faces
about
,
and
following
the
Reare
,
or
Bringer
vp
,
euery
Man
shall
descend
,
and
come
into
his
first
place
,
as
he
was
before
.
And
when
this
Bodie
shall
againe
be
reduced
into
his
first
place
,
Bringers
vp
,
As
they
were
.
then
shall
the
Bringers
vp
,
or
Reare
,
with
their
halfe
files
,
turne
their
Faces
about
,
and
the
Ranke
5
shall
fall
behinde
the
Ranke
4
the
Ranke
6
behind
5
the
ranke
7
behind
6
and
the
ranke
8
(
being
the
Reare
,
or
Bringrs
vp
)
behind
the
ranke
7
and
so
euery
Man
is
in
his
first
place
againe
.
The
next
motion
vnto
these
,
is
Wheeling
,
Of
Wheeling
.
or
Turning
the
whole
Bodie
of
the
Battalia
,
to
one
,
or
the
other
Hand
,
or
entirely
round
about
,
or
otherwise
by
Deuision
,
to
Wheele
it
to
both
Hands
at
once
,
eyther
in
part
,
or
else
Round
about
;
the
generall
manner
of
the
Motion
is
thus
;
First
close
your
Files
to
the
Right
hand
,
and
your
Rankes
to
the
Swords
poynt
;
then
make
the
Corner
file
Leader
to
the
Right
hand
stand
fast
,
and
then
all
the
whole
Bodie
of
the
Battalia
to
mooue
or
Wheele
about
him
,
as
about
a
Center
,
eyther
halfe
about
,
or
three
parts
about
,
or
else
wholy
and
fully
round
about
:
Now
to
reduce
it
to
the
first
Posture
or
Station
,
you
shall
command
euery
Man
to
turne
his
Face
to
the
Left
hand
,
then
Wheele
the
Bodie
back
againe
,
till
it
come
to
its
first
Place
,
and
then
open
the
Rankes
downeward
,
and
the
Fyles
eyther
to
one
,
or
the
other
Hand
,
at
pleasure
:
As
thus
you
Wheele
the
whole
Body
to
the
one
,
or
the
other
Hand
,
or
entirely
round
about
,
so
you
may
wheele
it
to
both
Handes
at
once
,
by
Deuision
,
eyther
in
part
,
or
round
about
,
according
to
pleasure
;
And
this
is
of
singular
Vse
,
when
the
Horse
shall
come
to
Charge
the
Foote
;
for
by
this
Wheele
,
you
shall
couer
your
Shotte
safe
,
and
leaue
your
Pikes
outmost
,
to
receyue
the
Charge
:
Now
this
Wheele
is
to
be
made
after
an
other
manner
;
for
where
before
,
eyther
the
corner
Man
of
the
Right
hand
file
,
or
the
Corner
Man
of
the
Left
hand
file
,
was
to
stand
fast
and
firme
,
now
all
shall
moue
,
and
onely
the
Middle
Man
in
the
Reare
,
to
the
right
Flanke
,
and
the
middle
Man
in
the
Reare
,
to
the
Left
Flanke
,
shall
stand
fast
,
and
vnmoued
,
and
all
the
rest
of
the
two
Deuided
Bodies
shall
moue
about
them
,
according
to
these
Examples
following
.
The
Battalia
Vnwheeled
.
The
Battalia
Wheeling
.
The
Battalia
halfe
Wheeled
.
The
Battalia
Wheeled
round
about
.
Thus
you
haue
seene
the
manner
of
Wheeling
,
with
the
seuerall
Motions
,
and
Vses
thereof
.
The
next
Motion
,
whereto
foote
Companies
ought
to
be
applyed
,
is
the
Casting
off
of
files
,
Casting
Files
.
or
,
as
some
call
it
,
the
Giuing
of
Fire
,
by
Flanke
,
or
in
the
Flanke
;
and
this
motion
of
casting
of
Files
,
is
done
diuers
waies
;
as
first
,
in
Flanke
,
then
in
Wing
,
and
lastly
,
before
the
Front
:
If
you
cast
off
files
in
flanke
to
the
Right
hand
,
then
the
right
hand
file
(
being
readie
to
giue
fire
)
standeth
still
,
till
the
Bodie
of
the
Battalia
be
marcht
so
far
forward
,
that
the
Reare
,
or
Bringers
vp
,
become
euen
with
the
Leader
of
the
right
hand
file
;
then
that
file
so
standing
,
and
prepared
,
giueth
fire
altogether
;
then
presently
march
vp
betwene
the
outmost
file
of
Pikes
,
on
the
right
hand
,
and
the
inmost
file
of
Shotte
;
then
the
second
file
of
Shotte
,
as
the
first
,
doth
stand
still
,
till
the
Bodie
be
marched
by
,
and
then
giue
their
Volley
,
and
then
march
vp
as
they
first
did
,
betweene
the
outmost
file
of
Pikes
,
and
the
inmost
file
of
Shotte
,
as
aforesaide
;
And
thus
successiuely
,
euery
file
of
Shotte
giueth
their
Volley
,
that
are
conteyned
in
that
right
Wing
,
which
done
,
wheele
the
whole
Bodie
about
,
and
bring
the
Left
Wing
,
to
doe
as
much
as
the
Right
Wing
,
and
so
Wing
after
Wing
,
according
to
pleasure
;
And
this
manner
of
casting
of
Files
in
Flanke
,
is
of
excellent
vse
for
the
beating
of
Paces
in
Woods
,
or
Bogges
;
also
,
for
the
mayntaining
of
straight
and
narrow
Waies
,
for
defence
of
Bridges
,
and
the
like
;
and
that
you
may
haue
a
better
vnderstanding
therein
,
behold
the
figures
following
.
Files
cast
off
in
Flanke
to
the
Right
Hand
.
Here
you
see
the
File
1.
standeth
still
,
and
hauing
giuen
their
Volley
,
are
to
retreat
betweene
the
File
4.
and
the
file
3.
then
the
file
2.
standeth
still
and
hauing
giuen
their
Volley
,
retreat
betweene
the
file
4.
and
the
file
1.
then
the
file
3.
standeth
still
,
and
hauing
giuen
their
Volley
,
retreate
betweene
the
file
4.
and
the
file
2.
and
then
the
whole
wing
is
as
it
was
at
the
first
,
1.2.3
now
as
thus
you
may
cast
off
the
files
to
both
Hands
,
making
the
file
10.
to
stand
,
and
the
Volley
giuen
to
retreate
betweene
the
file
8.
and
the
file
7.
then
the
file
9.
to
stand
,
and
the
Volley
giuen
to
retreate
betweene
the
file
7.
and
the
file
10.
then
the
file
8.
to
stand
,
and
the
volley
giuen
,
to
retreat
betweene
the
file
7.
and
the
file
9.
So
then
the
body
is
brought
againe
to
his
first
forme
,
8.9.10
.
Now
for
the
casting
of
Files
in
Wing
,
you
must
draw
foorth
the
File
1.
on
the
right
hand
,
and
the
file
10.
on
the
left
hand
in
the
manner
of
Wings
,
and
hauing
giuen
their
Volley
,
shall
stand
still
till
the
reare
bee
aduanced
,
and
then
the
file
1.
shall
retreat
betweene
the
file
4.
and
the
file
3.
and
the
file
10.
shall
retreat
between
the
file
7.
and
the
file
8.
as
in
the
former
example
,
and
so
the
rest
of
the
files
one
after
another
,
this
example
appeareth
.
Files
cast
off
in
Wings
.
Lastly
,
there
are
Files
cast
off
before
the
Front
of
the
Battalia
,
after
this
manner
.
Files
cast
off
before
the
Front
.
Here
as
you
see
the
file
1.
to
the
right
Hand
is
drawne
before
the
Front
,
who
as
soone
as
they
haue
giuen
fire
,
shall
turne
their
faces
to
the
right
hand
,
and
following
the
Bringer
vp
,
shall
make
retreate
betweene
the
files
4
and
3.
and
there
couer
themselues
till
they
haue
made
ready
againe
.
Then
shal
be
drawn
forth
before
the
Front
,
the
file
10
to
the
left
Hand
,
who
after
they
haue
giuen
fire
,
shall
turne
faces
to
the
left
Hand
,
and
retreat
betweene
the
files
8.
and
7.
then
shall
bee
drawne
out
the
file
2.
to
the
right
Hand
,
which
hauing
giuen
fire
,
turne
faces
as
before
to
the
right
Hand
,
and
then
retreate
betweene
the
files
4
and
1.
Likewise
in
the
same
manner
the
file
9
is
drawne
out
to
the
left
Hand
,
and
hauing
giuen
fire
,
turne
their
faces
,
and
retreate
between
the
files
7
and
10.
and
thus
successiuely
one
after
another
you
shall
drawe
foorth
euery
file
of
Shot
,
first
on
the
right
Hand
,
then
on
the
left
,
till
the
seruice
be
accomplished
,
and
thus
much
of
the
casting
off
the
files
.
There
is
yet
an
other
Motion
of
the
foote
,
which
is
worthy
obseruation
,
Of
Opening
and
Cloasing
.
and
that
is
opening
and
closing
of
Rankes
and
Files
:
wherein
is
to
be
noted
,
as
I
haue
shewed
in
the
Accidence
,
that
Rankes
when
they
open
to
any
Order
whatsoeuer
,
ought
,
for
the
most
part
,
to
open
downeward
,
by
turning
Face
about
,
and
descending
till
they
come
to
the
distance
commanded
,
and
then
to
turne
Faces
as
they
were
,
but
when
they
close
to
any
Order
,
it
must
euer
be
done
vpward
,
towards
the
Front
.
〈◊〉
Files
when
they
open
or
close
must
euermore
doe
it
to
the
right
or
left
Hand
,
or
to
both
,
in
this
manner
.
If
you
giue
the
word
of
Command
plainely
,
and
barely
,
Files
opened
or
closed
by
the
Middle-men
.
without
any
implication
,
or
addition
thus
,
Open
your
File
to
Open
Order
,
&c.
or
to
any
other
Order
;
then
shall
the
two
Middle
Men
to
the
two
Flankes
standing
in
the
middest
of
the
Front
,
open
the
one
from
the
other
according
to
the
distance
appointed
,
and
their
whole
Files
shall
follow
them
in
an
euen
line
;
then
the
rest
of
the
File-leader
shall
open
from
these
Middle
men
,
one
halfe
to
the
right
hand
,
the
other
to
the
left
,
till
the
whole
Battalia
bee
opened
,
according
to
Commandment
,
as
you
may
see
by
this
example
.
Files
opened
from
the
Middle-men
.
And
as
thus
you
open
,
(
if
the
Word
be
giuen
in
one
and
the
selfe
same
manner
:
)
so
likewise
you
must
close
your
Files
,
the
Middleman
first
ioyning
with
their
Files
;
then
after
all
the
rest
of
the
File-leaders
,
with
their
files
to
both
hands
,
till
the
Commandment
be
fulfilled
.
But
if
the
Word
of
Command
bee
giuen
,
Files
opened
,
or
closed
to
any
hand
.
Files
to
the
right
hand
open
to
open
Order
,
&c.
or
to
any
Order
else
,
then
shall
the
right
Hand
File-leader
with
his
file
,
and
so
successiuely
euery
other
File-leader
(
with
their
files
)
shall
open
after
the
Right
Hand
Man
,
till
the
Command
be
perfited
;
and
as
thus
you
open
,
so
you
must
also
close
;
and
as
you
open
or
close
to
the
right
Hand
,
so
you
must
open
or
close
to
the
left
Hand
,
when
the
Word
of
Command
is
giuen
to
that
purpose
.
Diuerse
other
Motions
there
be
belonging
to
the
Foote
Companies
,
Other
Motions
as
the
turning
of
Faces
to
either
Hand
or
about
;
the
forme
whereof
is
express
almost
in
euery
figure
before
shewed
:
Also
the
Charging
to
any
Hand
,
to
the
Front
,
to
the
Reare
,
or
to
all
at
an
instant
;
of
which
I
shall
haue
cause
to
speake
more
amply
in
anoother
place
:
Therefore
at
this
time
,
these
already
expressed
,
shall
serue
for
the
Motions
of
the
Foote
Company
.
CHAP.
3.
Of
the
seuerall
Motions
which
belong
vnto
Horse
,
Or
,
Horse
Troopes
.
The
vse
of
Horse
Motions
.
THe
Motions
of
Horse
are
diuers
,
according
to
the
opinion
of
the
Auntients
,
and
to
these
Moderne
times
also
,
as
you
may
perceiue
by
my
Accidence
,
wherein
I
haue
set
you
downe
the
seuerall
words
of
command
,
belonging
to
euery
Motion
of
Horse
now
in
vse
;
all
which
,
are
so
neere
a
kinne
to
the
Foote
Motions
,
that
I
hold
it
needelesse
to
repeate
them
ouer
heere
againe
,
but
referre
those
which
desire
to
learne
those
generall
Motions
,
to
the
Accidence
,
and
to
those
Motions
of
Foote
which
are
already
specified
and
set
downe
in
this
Grammer
:
I
will
now
proceed
to
those
other
Motions
and
Imbattaylings
of
Horse
,
which
being
more
difficult
and
strange
,
doth
more
amase
the
minde
of
the
industrious
Learner
,
and
are
harder
attayned
vnto
by
Discourse
,
without
some
playner
Demonstration
.
First
therefore
,
the
generall
Motions
of
Horse
at
this
day
(
wherein
the
Launce
the
Light
Staffe
,
and
the
Snort
Pistoll
are
taken
away
,
and
onely
the
Long
Pistoll
and
Dragoone
in
vse
)
are
conteyned
in
Trooping
,
Discouering
,
Charging
,
Wheeling
,
and
Retyring
;
and
all
these
are
done
,
eyther
by
whole
Bodies
,
by
Parts
,
or
Deuisions
,
by
many
files
,
few
files
,
or
single
files
:
And
herein
you
are
to
call
to
minde
(
as
I
haue
shewed
in
the
Accidence
)
that
as
the
Rankes
of
Horse
are
compounded
of
vncertaine
Numbers
;
so
the
file
must
euer
be
constantly
sixe
Deepe
,
being
compounded
of
a
Leader
,
a
Follower
,
two
Middlemen
,
a
Follower
,
An
Horse
File
.
and
a
Bringer
vp
or
,
the
Reare
Man
,
according
to
this
demonstration
.
-
0
Leader
.
-
1
Follower
.
-
0
Middle
Man
.
-
0
Middle
Man
.
-
1
Follower
.
-
0
Bringer
vp
.
Thus
you
see
the
Contents
and
forme
of
a
Horse
file
,
from
which
certainty
,
and
true
knowne
Ground
,
euery
skilfull
Commander
may
builde
vp
any
Bodie
that
he
pleaseth
;
whereas
,
if
both
Ranke
and
Fyle
should
be
incertaine
,
and
at
pleasure
,
there
would
then
be
no
Ground
for
any
thing
,
but
euerything
would
be
confused
,
according
to
the
phantast
quenesse
of
Opinion
.
When
you
haue
therefore
drawne
your
Horse
Troop
into
Rankes
and
Files
,
Drawing
vp
of
a
Horse
-
Troope
.
which
you
must
doe
file
after
file
,
till
euerie
Man
be
placed
according
to
the
order
,
&
not
according
to
the
fashion
of
our
ignorant
Commanders
,
whom
I
haue
heard
(
at
the
first
gathering
of
a
Bodie
together
)
to
command
the
Men
to
Ranke
three
,
fiue
,
seuen
,
or
as
fancie
leades
them
,
for
this
is
most
absurde
,
and
vnproper
,
because
Rankes
are
,
and
may
be
of
vncertaine
Number
;
so
that
ranking
at
hap
hazard
,
it
is
almost
impossible
that
the
files
should
fall
out
euen
,
whose
Number
must
not
be
changed
;
and
so
a
new
worke
to
begin
,
which
at
the
first
might
better
haue
bene
finished
.
But
to
my
purpose
againe
;
When
you
haue
drawne
vp
the
Bodie
of
the
Horse
in
true
Files
and
Rankes
,
and
hauing
euerie
Officers
readie
for
his
due
Place
,
as
Captaine
,
Liuetenant
,
Cornet
,
Trumpets
and
Corporalls
:
You
shall
then
(
according
to
the
Figure
or
Example
following
in
the
next
Page
)
Troope
into
the
Field
,
eyther
for
Seruice
,
or
other
Exercise
.
A
Troupe
of
an
Hundred
Horse
,
Trouping
into
the
Field
,
with
their
Officers
The
Former
Troope
drawne
vp
into
a
firme
body
either
for
Seruice
or
Exercise
with
all
the
Officers
.
Thus
you
haue
seen
the
maner
of
Trooping
into
the
Field
,
with
al
the
Officers
of
a
priuat
troop
,
and
how
they
are
deuided
into
foure
Deuisions
.
The
first
,
or
head
,
being
lead
by
the
Captaine
;
the
second
Diuision
by
the
Cornet
;
the
third
,
by
the
eldest
Corporall
;
the
fourth
,
by
the
second
Corporall
;
the
Reare
or
hindmost
being
brought
vp
by
the
Lieutenant
,
the
two
yongest
Corporalls
are
extrauagant
,
and
ride
vp
and
downe
on
both
sides
,
to
see
the
whole
Body
keepe
their
true
Order
.
The
Trumpets
(
if
their
bee
more
then
one
)
the
Edest
troopes
vpon
the
Head
next
after
the
Captaine
,
and
the
second
troopeth
in
the
Reare
,
two
Rankes
before
the
Lieutenant
;
if
there
bee
three
,
the
third
soundeth
before
the
Cornet
.
Now
for
the
drawing
of
this
Troope
into
a
firme
Body
,
for
Seruice
,
or
Exercise
,
the
Captaine
hauing
found
conuenient
ground
,
maketh
a
stand
with
his
Deuision
;
and
the
Cornet
bringeth
vp
his
Deuision
,
on
the
left
Hand
the
Captaines
,
placing
himselfe
vpon
the
left
File
of
his
owne
Deuision
;
then
the
eldest
Corporall
bringeth
vp
his
Deuision
on
the
left
hand
the
Cornet
,
and
as
soone
as
they
are
ioyned
,
hee
departeth
himselfe
to
the
outside
of
the
right
Wing
,
to
see
that
true
Order
and
Distance
bee
kept
;
then
the
second
Corporall
bringeth
vp
his
Deuision
on
the
left
Hand
the
eldest
Corporalls
,
and
himselfe
departeth
to
the
outside
of
the
left
Wing
,
to
see
that
true
Order
and
Distance
be
kept
;
For
now
all
Corporalls
are
extrauagant
;
and
all
the
Trumpets
ascend
to
the
head
and
Troope
next
behinde
the
Captaine
,
and
before
the
Cornet
;
the
eldest
Trumpet
taking
the
right
hand
,
and
so
the
rest
according
to
antiquitie
.
This
Body
,
or
Square
Battalia
is
of
all
other
the
best
,
The
Benefite
of
the
square
Bodie
.
and
most
sure
for
all
manner
of
Seruice
,
and
may
the
easiliest
be
reduced
,
and
brought
to
any
other
forme
,
that
Inuention
can
finde
out
;
and
with
this
Body
,
you
may
eyther
Charge
entirely
and
wholy
at
once
,
or
you
may
deuide
it
,
and
Charge
sundrie
waies
,
or
else
by
drawing
out
two
,
or
three
,
or
more
Fyles
,
skirmish
on
euery
side
the
Foote
Battaile
,
and
put
them
to
much
anoyance
.
There
is
another
forme
of
Imbattailing
the
Horse
,
which
is
called
the
Horsemans-Wedge
,
and
it
is
drawne
vp
into
the
forme
of
this
Figure
,
or
Example
following
.
The
Horsemans
Wedge
.
This
Wedge
,
Charging
poynt-wise
vpon
the
Foote
,
seeketh
to
disfeue
:
and
breake
the
Front
,
whereby
,
getting
an
entrance
,
they
put
all
into
Route
and
confusion
,
which
the
Footemen
perceiuing
,
they
haue
no
meanes
of
safety
,
but
eyther
by
maine
strength
to
repulse
them
,
or
else
to
deuide
their
Body
in
the
midst
into
two
parts
,
and
to
giue
the
Horse
a
free
and
thorow
passage
;
which
foote
Battaile
so
deuided
,
is
called
the
Battalia
Antistomus
.
There
is
an
other
Battalia
of
Horse
,
which
is
called
the
Rhombe
of
Horse
,
and
it
is
proportioned
according
to
this
Figure
,
and
is
of
great
vse
,
hauing
in
euery
corner
a
Leader
.
The
Rhombe
.
This
Horsmans
Rhombe
was
first
found
out
in
Thessalia
,
and
thence
brought
in
great
practise
,
through
the
benefite
thereof
,
being
able
to
passe
through
,
and
to
peirce
any
Foote
battaile
whatsoeuer
;
and
is
only
to
be
opposed
,
by
that
Foote
Battalia
which
is
called
Menoides
or
Cressent
,
and
in
forme
of
an
Halfe
Moone
,
whose
Winges
being
stretched
out
by
the
Leaders
,
the
middle
part
is
imbowed
,
and
bent
to
inuyron
and
wrappe
in
the
Horse
Men
as
they
Charge
,
and
so
put
them
to
Route
and
Disorder
,
and
therefore
in
this
case
are
to
keepe
aloofe
off
,
and
not
to
come
in
,
but
to
plye
their
Pistolls
,
till
they
see
the
Foote
Battaile
stagger
,
and
fall
into
disorder
:
Another
Rhombe
of
fiue
Square
.
This
Rhombe
of
fiue
in
Square
,
doth
not
Ranke
,
but
onely
Fileth
,
and
is
of
equall
vse
with
the
former
Rhombe
,
and
is
as
necessarie
for
our
Pistolers
in
these
daies
,
as
it
was
in
times
past
for
the
Crossebow
Men
,
and
other
Archers
,
and
Dart
Casters
on
Horse
backe
.
There
is
no
Foote
Battaile
more
excellent
to
oppose
,
then
as
that
which
is
called
of
the
Auntient
Epicampios
,
Emprosthia
,
which
as
the
Halfe
Moone
carrieth
a
circular
hollownesse
,
so
this
carrieth
a
square
hollownesse
,
as
you
may
see
in
this
Figure
.
The
Foote
Battaile
,
Epicampios
.
The
end
or
purpose
,
to
which
this
foote
Battaile
is
framed
,
is
to
beguile
and
ouerreach
the
Pistoleirs
,
eyther
by
inticing
them
into
the
voyd
or
emptic
place
of
the
Battalia
,
as
they
Charge
in
furie
,
and
vpon
the
Spurre
,
or
else
,
by
disordering
their
Horses
with
their
Winges
,
and
so
driue
them
into
an
vtter
confusion
.
This
Battalia
makes
shew
but
of
a
small
number
,
because
the
Deuisions
lie
hid
and
couered
,
and
so
much
apter
to
be
mistaken
;
for
,
the
Winges
which
are
the
least
number
,
are
only
apparent
to
the
eye
,
the
Bodie
(
which
is
three
times
more
)
is
hardly
discerned
;
so
that
if
the
Winges
preuaile
,
the
Conquest
is
sure
;
if
they
faile
,
they
may
easily
retire
into
the
maine
Bodie
,
and
make
a
powerfull
resistance
.
There
is
another
Horse
Battaile
,
which
is
square
in
Figure
,
but
not
in
Horse
,
being
eleuen
in
Ranke
,
and
but
sixe
in
file
,
which
is
called
of
the
Auntients
a
Tetragonall
Horse
Battaile
;
this
is
a
very
strong
Battaile
,
as
all
square
Battailes
are
,
and
our
Fore
fathers
did
affect
it
much
,
and
we
at
this
day
finde
it
of
great
vse
for
our
Pistoleirs
,
both
for
the
strength
,
and
the
ready
framing
thereof
,
there
is
no
Battaile
on
foote
to
oppose
it
,
but
that
which
is
called
Embolos
,
or
the
Wedge
of
Foore
,
which
is
framed
of
Foote
Men
,
as
the
former
Wedge
was
made
of
Horse
Men
,
all
the
outsides
consisting
of
Armed
Pikes
,
and
the
Lynings
within
of
Shotte
:
Also
the
front
of
this
Foote
Wedge
,
consisteth
of
three
Armed
Pikes
,
as
the
Horse
Wedge
did
consist
of
one
single
Armed
Pistolier
.
Many
other
Motions
and
Imbattaylings
of
Horse
there
be
,
but
none
more
vsefull
then
these
already
expressed
;
and
he
that
is
able
to
draw
Horse
and
Man
,
into
these
formes
and
figures
all
readie
expressed
,
may
without
any
difficultie
or
amazement
,
draw
vp
any
other
Battaile
at
the
first
sight
,
be
the
Inuention
neuer
so
deepe
,
obscure
,
and
curious
.
CHAP.
4.
Of
the
seuerall
Ranges
of
the
Foote
,
and
how
they
are
Ordered
,
and
Compounded
.
GEnerally
,
all
Foote
Battailes
,
or
Battailes
of
the
Infantrie
,
are
Ranged
into
Rankes
&
Files
;
now
the
Rankes
are
vncertaine
,
therefore
from
them
no
true
Ground
can
be
taken
;
but
the
Files
are
certaine
,
therefore
from
them
must
arise
the
Ground
of
well
Ranging
of
Battailes
,
for
these
files
are
ordered
into
Bodies
,
and
those
Bodies
haue
euery
one
a
seuerall
name
,
or
denomination
,
by
which
the
Auntients
did
distinguish
them
;
But
we
lesse
curious
,
and
finding
that
playner
Demonstrations
,
and
Names
of
lesse
difficultie
,
were
sooner
apprehended
,
and
conceiued
of
the
Ignorant
Souldiers
,
haue
neglected
those
hard
and
vnacquainted
Names
,
and
haue
reduced
them
to
Termes
of
greater
familiarity
,
and
much
lesse
trouble
and
vexation
to
the
memory
:
Yet
because
I
know
that
Noueltie
is
pleasing
vnto
many
;
some
,
desirous
to
know
what
they
neuer
intend
to
practise
;
others
,
willing
to
satisfie
their
mindes
,
least
Questions
of
this
nature
might
be
vnseasonably
brought
vpon
them
;
and
others
,
for
Argument
sake
,
to
fill
vp
Discourse
,
with
those
Knowledges
which
they
imagine
are
obscured
to
others
:
For
these
Reasons
,
I
thinke
it
not
amisse
,
to
shew
how
the
Auntients
did
Range
their
Battailes
,
and
what
Names
they
gaue
to
their
seuerall
Numbers
;
and
then
,
to
shew
our
owne
manner
of
Range
,
and
the
easy
apprehension
thereof
,
that
being
compared
together
,
Iudgement
may
soone
finde
out
,
which
is
most
auaileable
.
And
heerein
,
you
must
first
vnderstand
,
that
the
Auntients
did
range
their
Battailes
into
Files
,
euery
single
file
contayning
in
depth
or
number
,
full
sixteene
Men
,
and
so
called
a
File
;
a
Bodie
compounded
of
two
files
,
they
termed
a
Dilochie
,
of
two
and
thirty
Men
,
and
the
Leader
,
or
Captaine
of
those
two
and
thirty
Men
,
was
called
Dilochita
;
foure
files
,
contayning
threescore
and
foure
Men
,
they
called
a
Tetrarchy
,
and
the
Captaine
or
Leader
thereof
Tetrarcha
;
eight
files
,
a
Taxis
,
and
the
Captaine
Taxiarcha
;
then
is
sixteene
files
,
a
Syntagma
,
and
the
Captaine
thereof
Syntagmatarcha
,
which
indeed
,
is
that
Man
which
we
call
a
Captaine
in
Chiefe
,
for
euery
Syntagmatarcha
had
vnder
him
,
fiue
Inferior
Commanders
,
that
is
to
say
,
a
Reare
Commander
,
which
we
call
a
Liuetenant
,
an
Ensigne
,
a
Trumpeter
,
which
in
our
foote
Companies
is
the
Drumbe
,
a
Sergeant
,
and
a
Cryer
,
which
we
call
a
Corporall
:
Now
two
and
thirty
files
(
which
is
two
Syntagmas
)
they
call
a
Pentecosiarchy
,
and
contayneth
fiue
hundred
and
twelue
Men
,
which
with
vs
is
called
a
Colonie
or
Regiment
,
and
the
Captaine
thereof
is
called
Pentecosiarcha
,
which
we
call
a
Colonell
,
now
two
of
these
Pentecosiarchies
being
a
thousand
and
twenty
foure
Men
;
and
three
score
and
foure
files
,
they
call
a
Chiliarchy
,
and
the
Captaine
thereof
Chiliarcha
,
which
indeed
we
call
a
Colonell
Generall
;
two
Chiliarchies
amounting
to
two
thousand
and
forty
eight
Men
,
they
call
a
Merarchy
,
being
a
hundred
and
twenty
eight
files
,
and
the
Captaine
Merarcha
,
which
is
with
vs
the
Sergeant
Maior
Generall
;
two
Merarchies
they
call
a
Phalangarchy
,
and
the
Captaine
Phalangarcha
,
which
is
as
much
as
the
Master
of
our
Ordnance
;
two
Phalangarchyes
they
call
a
Diphalangarchy
,
and
the
Captaine
Diphalangarcha
,
which
is
with
vs
as
Liuetenant
Generall
;
and
two
Diphalangarchies
make
a
foure
fold
Battaile
of
Phalange
,
consisting
of
a
thousand
and
twenty
foure
files
,
and
sixteene
thousand
three
hundred
and
eighty
foure
Men
,
whose
Captaine
is
the
King
,
or
his
Generall
.
Thus
you
haue
the
Range
of
a
Foote
Battaile
,
according
to
the
Custome
of
the
Auncients
,
from
the
first
file
(
which
is
the
lowest
)
to
the
full
extent
of
a
Maine
Battaile
.
It
now
resteth
that
I
shew
you
our
Moderne
or
late
manner
of
Range
,
by
which
all
our
Battailes
are
Compounded
,
Gouerned
,
and
Conducted
;
and
in
this
Discription
,
I
must
varry
much
from
the
Auntients
,
and
begin
a
steppe
lower
in
degree
;
but
two
stepps
(
at
least
)
lower
in
number
.
And
here
I
must
haue
you
first
remember
,
that
as
the
Auntients
began
with
whole
files
of
16.
in
number
,
so
I
must
now
begin
with
halfe
files
,
being
but
fiue
in
number
;
for
in
this
Range
(
of
which
now
I
write
)
no
file
must
exceede
the
number
of
10.
fiue
then
,
which
is
the
Roote
or
beginning
of
this
Range
,
is
called
halfe
a
file
,
or
halfe
a
Decurio
,
and
the
Leader
or
Captaine
thereof
is
called
Lanspesado
,
or
Middle
Man
;
Two
halfe
files
make
a
whole
file
of
ten
,
and
the
Leader
or
Captaine
thereof
is
called
Decurio
,
or
the
File
Leader
.
Two
whole
files
and
a
halfe
,
which
is
25.
Men
,
we
call
a
Squadron
or
Square
of
Men
,
being
fiue
euery
way
,
and
the
Leader
or
Captaine
thereof
is
called
the
Corporall
:
Two
Squadrons
,
being
50.
Men
,
and
fiue
files
,
is
called
a
Sergeancie
,
and
the
Chiefe
or
Leader
thereof
is
called
a
Sergeant
.
Two
Sergeancies
being
100.
Men
,
and
ten
files
,
is
called
a
Centurie
,
and
the
Chiefe
or
Leader
thereof
,
is
called
the
Captaine
,
which
Captaine
hath
vnder
him
11.
superordinary
Men
,
that
is
to
say
,
a
Liuetenant
,
an
Ensigne
,
a
Drumbe
,
two
Sergeants
,
foure
Corporalls
,
a
Surgion
,
and
a
Clarke
.
Two
Centuries
and
a
halfe
,
being
200.
Men
,
and
15.
files
,
is
called
the
fourth
part
of
a
Regiment
,
and
the
Chiefe
or
Leader
thereof
,
is
called
the
Sergeant
Maior
of
a
Regiment
.
Two
fourth
parts
of
a
Regiment
being
500.
Men
,
and
30.
files
,
is
called
halfe
a
Colonie
or
Regiment
,
and
the
Chiefe
or
Leader
thereof
,
is
called
the
Liuetenant
Colonell
.
Two
halfe
Colonies
,
being
1000.
Men
,
is
called
a
Colonie
or
Regiment
,
and
the
Chiefe
or
Leader
thereof
,
is
called
a
Colonell
,
which
Colonell
hath
also
vnder
him
in
his
Regiment
(
besides
the
Captaines
and
Officers
before
named
)
one
that
is
called
the
Quarter
Maister
,
whose
Range
is
inferior
to
euery
Captaine
,
but
before
euerie
Liuetenant
,
and
the
Officers
that
are
vnder
them
;
As
for
the
Range
of
the
Captaines
which
are
vnder
these
three
greater
Officers
,
they
shall
take
precedencie
of
Place
,
according
to
their
Antiquitie
in
Command
,
and
the
Eldest
Captaines
Collours
shall
Flie
first
,
the
Second
next
,
and
so
of
the
rest
;
and
the
Colonells
Liuetenant
shall
take
his
Place
as
the
Youngest
Captaine
of
that
Regiment
.
Two
Colonies
or
Regiments
,
is
called
a
Bodie
,
or
full
Battalia
,
consisting
of
2000.
Men
,
and
the
Chiefetaine
or
Leader
thereof
,
is
called
Colonell
Generall
.
Two
Battalias
consisting
of
4000.
Men
,
is
called
a
Double
Battalia
,
and
the
Chiefe
or
Leader
thereof
is
called
the
Sergeant
Maior
Generall
.
Two
double
Battalias
,
containing
8000.
Men
,
is
called
a
Vantguard
,
and
the
Chiefe
or
Leader
thereof
,
is
called
the
Lord
Marshall
,
Commanding
the
first
third
of
the
Battaile
or
Army
.
Two
Vantguards
being
16000.
Men
,
is
called
the
Reare
,
and
the
Chiefe
or
Leader
thereof
is
called
the
Liuetenant
Generall
.
Two
Reares
being
32000.
Men
,
is
called
the
Maine
Battaile
,
and
the
Cheife
or
Leader
thereof
is
called
the
King
,
or
Generall
,
who
hath
also
supreame
Authoritie
ouer
all
the
whole
Armie
,
how
great
or
puissant
soeuer
.
Thus
you
haue
seene
the
true
Range
of
Footemen
,
and
their
Leaders
,
according
to
their
Numbers
:
It
now
resteth
,
that
I
shew
you
the
true
Range
of
their
Weapons
.
In
the
Auntient
Times
the
Light
Armed
(
which
were
Bowmen
,
Darters
,
and
Slingers
)
had
the
Vantguard
,
and
were
the
first
beginners
of
Fight
and
Skyrmish
,
for
by
their
Darts
and
Arrowes
,
they
prouoked
the
Enemie
to
breake
their
Rankes
,
and
ouerthrew
and
killed
many
in
their
approaches
,
they
galled
and
repulsed
the
Horse
much
,
and
indeede
,
were
euer
the
first
Authors
of
Victorie
;
and
as
thus
they
sometimes
placed
them
in
the
Front
,
so
at
other
times
,
they
had
their
places
in
the
Flankes
,
and
sometimes
in
the
Reare
;
But
the
generall
and
most
certaine
Range
which
they
held
,
was
euer
betwene
the
Armed
Pikes
:
The
first
file
of
the
Light
Armed
,
behinde
the
first
file
of
the
Armed
;
the
second
file
of
the
Light
Armed
,
behind
the
second
file
of
the
Armed
;
and
so
consequently
,
to
leuie
all
the
Armed
Menne
through
the
whole
Batttalia
;
yet
the
file
of
the
Light
Armed
,
shall
be
but
halfe
the
number
of
the
Armed
;
and
these
Battailes
shall
be
drawne
into
diuers
Deuisions
.
But
this
Range
of
Weapons
agreeth
not
without
Discipline
at
this
day
,
for
our
Battailes
consisting
only
of
armed
Pikes
,
Muskatiers
,
and
a
fewe
short
weapons
,
they
are
raunged
in
this
manner
,
when
they
march
into
the
Field
,
they
march
Company
after
Company
single
of
themselues
without
any
mixture
:
and
in
this
march
of
single
Companies
,
the
Muskatiers
are
deuided
into
two
parts
;
the
one
part
hath
the
Vanguard
,
the
other
hath
the
Reare
,
and
the
Pikes
march
in
the
midst
;
vpon
the
head
whereof
is
the
Ensigne
,
and
about
it
the
short
weapons
,
as
Halberd
,
Partizans
,
or
the
like
,
(
if
the
Company
haue
any
)
when
they
are
come
into
the
Field
,
then
is
euery
Regiment
drawn
vp
into
a
Body
by
it selfe
,
whereof
all
the
Pikes
are
drawne
into
an
entire
body
by
themselues
,
and
the
Shott
deuided
into
two
Bodies
,
whereof
one
halfe
Wingeth
vp
the
right
Hand
of
the
Pikes
,
and
the
other
halfe
wingeth
vp
the
left
hand
of
the
Pikes
.
The
Ensignes
stand
still
on
the
head
,
or
within
a
Ranke
,
and
the
short
weapons
of
execution
about
them
for
guard
.
These
Regiments
are
drawne
into
the
Battaile
,
according
to
the
pleasure
of
the
Lord
Marshall
,
or
Serieant
Maior
Generall
.
The
Horsemen
are
the
Wings
which
troope
on
each
side
of
the
Battaile
,
keeping
the
distance
of
halfe
a
Furlong
at
least
from
either
side
of
the
Shot
.
The
great
Ordance
,
or
Artilery
are
drawne
from
the
two
outmost
poynts
of
the
Battaile
,
a
pretty
distance
from
the
Vantguard
,
and
extend
themselues
wider
and
and
wider
from
the
Battaile
,
being
drawe
at
length
in
a
single
File
,
their
Carriage
,
prouision
,
and
Munision
being
drawn
neere
vnto
them
,
and
the
Regiment
belonging
to
the
Master
of
the
Ordnance
,
following
closse
about
them
as
a
sure
Defence
,
wall
,
or
guard
.
And
thus
you
haue
the
full
Range
of
the
Foote
Battaile
,
and
how
it
is
disposed
.
CHAP.
5.
Of
the
seuerall
Ranges
of
the
Horse
,
and
how
they
are
Ordered
and
Compounded
.
THe
Horse-Troopes
in
the
Ancient
and
first
times
had
no
one
certaine
Range
,
or
place
in
the
Battaile
,
but
according
to
the
humors
and
opinions
of
their
Generals
,
so
they
were
altered
and
carried
vp
and
downe
to
seueral
places
of
Commandment
.
Aelian
saith
,
that
in
some
Battailes
within
his
own
memorie
and
knowledge
,
the
Horse
Troopes
were
Ranged
after
the
light
Armed
,
yet
doth
not
constantly
stand
vpon
the
allowance
of
that
Range
;
but
saith
,
that
although
they
were
ranged
after
the
Light-armed
,
yet
other
places
might
be
more
conuenient
,
and
this
range
might
be
altered
at
the
pleasure
of
the
General
,
or
vpon
any
necessary
occasion
,
where
Victories
stood
doubtfull
:
others
of
the
Ancients
,
as
at
sometimes
the
Macedonians
,
now
and
then
the
Romans
,
but
many
times
the
Thebans
&
Thessalians
haue
ranged
their
Troops
of
Horse
in
the
Reare
of
the
armed
Battailes
,
and
good
successe
hath
many
times
issued
thereof
,
&
the
Rangers
of
such
Battailes
haue
returned
Victors
:
Others
of
the
Auntients
,
and
especially
Alexander
himselfe
,
Craterus
,
and
most
of
the
worthiest
Macedonians
,
haue
ranged
their
Horse
Battailes
vpon
the
right
and
left
Winges
of
the
maine
Armie
;
and
indeed
,
these
Places
are
most
probable
and
best
agreeing
with
our
present
Discipline
.
To
come
then
to
the
Range
of
the
Horse
Battaile
,
as
it
is
vsed
at
this
day
,
you
must
vnderstand
,
that
it
varyeth
foure
seuerall
waies
;
two
in
the
Range
of
the
Curaseires
,
two
in
the
Range
of
the
Harquebuseires
or
Dragoones
.
The
Curaseires
haue
two
seuerall
Ranges
,
the
one
in
ordinary
trooping
,
the
other
in
a
formed
Battaile
.
In
an
ordinary
Troope
where
the
whole
Battaile
mooueth
,
the
first
day
,
the
Troope
and
Regiment
belonging
to
the
Generall
,
troopeth
formost
,
and
hath
the
leading
of
the
Poynt
;
After
him
,
troopeth
the
Troope
and
Regiment
of
the
Lord
Marshall
;
and
after
him
,
euery
Colonell
,
and
his
Regiment
,
according
to
his
Antiquitie
:
The
next
day
,
the
Lord
Marshall
,
and
his
Regiment
,
hath
the
leading
of
the
Poynt
or
Vauntguard
,
and
the
Generall
hath
the
Reare
;
the
Eldest
Colonell
succeedeth
the
Lord
Marshall
,
and
so
the
rest
of
the
Colonells
,
and
their
Regiments
after
him
,
according
to
Antiquitie
:
The
third
day
,
the
Eldest
Colonell
hath
the
Poynt
or
Vantguard
,
and
the
Lord
Marshall
hath
the
Reare
after
the
Generall
;
and
thus
alternately
euery
Colonell
shall
change
his
Place
,
&
haue
the
leading
of
the
Poynt
or
Vauntguard
,
according
to
the
seuerall
daies
of
trooping
(
there
being
no
intermission
or
stay
of
many
daies
betweene
the
seuerall
remooues
:
And
as
thus
the
Chiefe
and
Superior
Commanders
doe
remooue
and
alter
their
Places
,
so
shall
the
Inferior
Commanders
of
euerie
Regiment
doe
the
like
;
the
Colonell
hauing
the
principall
place
the
first
day
,
the
Liuetenant
Colonell
the
second
day
,
the
Sergeant
Maior
the
third
day
;
and
so
euery
Captaine
after
,
according
to
his
Antiquitie
;
in
which
order
,
no
Commander
looseth
Dignitie
,
but
hath
his
seuerall
day
of
Glory
,
and
as
much
preheminence
as
the
Generall
,
or
any
other
Commander
,
whatsoeuer
.
Now
if
it
come
to
a
formed
Battaile
,
then
the
Ranges
change
,
and
the
Regiments
are
drawne
vp
into
one
whole
and
entire
Bodie
,
in
which
drawing
vp
of
Regiments
,
this
order
is
to
be
obserued
,
that
euery
perticular
Troope
shall
duely
keepe
their
two
distances
,
that
is
to
say
,
Open
Order
in
their
Rankes
,
and
Close
Order
in
their
Files
,
then
betwixt
Company
and
Company
,
in
euery
Regiment
,
shall
be
the
space
of
25.
foote
,
that
thereby
they
may
be
the
better
distinguished
,
and
the
sooner
drawne
foorth
,
and
imployed
in
any
needefull
place
,
as
the
Superior
Commanders
shall
thinke
good
.
This
Order
and
Distance
being
obserued
,
Regiments
are
to
be
brought
into
maine
Bodies
,
eyther
Square
,
Long
,
Tryangular
,
or
Dyamond
,
according
to
the
nature
of
the
ground
,
and
the
fashion
of
the
Enemies
Battaile
,
for
therein
is
the
aduantage
.
Now
for
the
true
Range
,
the
Generall
hath
euer
the
Vauntguard
,
which
is
the
right
Wing
of
the
Battaile
,
and
the
Lord
Marshall
hath
the
second
Vauntguard
,
which
is
the
Poynt
of
the
left
Wing
of
the
Battaile
;
For
here
is
to
be
vnderstood
,
that
when
Battailes
of
Foote
are
drawne
vp
and
formed
,
then
the
Battaile
of
Horse
is
deuided
,
and
extended
forth
in
length
,
acording
to
the
number
of
the
Regiments
,
which
as
Wings
stretching
themselues
foorth
from
the
two
points
of
the
right
and
left
hand
battaile
of
Foot
;
are
as
a
Wall
or
defense
betwixt
the
Enemy
&
the
Foot
Army
,
being
to
Charge
vpon
all
aduantages
,
to
defend
the
Ordnance
&
great
Artillerie
when
it
shal
be
Assaulted
or
ingaged
;
or
otherwise
to
keep
the
Carriage
,
Munition
and
baggage
,
from
the
pillage
of
the
Enemy
,
or
other
defeiture
.
For
the
range
of
the
Colonels
they
take
their
places
according
to
Antiquity
;
the
eldest
Colonell
secondeth
the
Generall
the
third
,
the
Lord
Martiall
,
and
so
according
to
Antiquitie
their
Regiments
doe
troope
,
either
on
the
one
or
the
other
hand
,
all
things
being
ordered
according
to
Dignitiy
and
Antiquity
.
Now
whereas
a
question
may
be
demanded
touching
the
place
of
the
Quartermaster
,
were
he
shall
range
himselfe
;
I
thus
resolue
it
.
That
if
the
Quarter-master
,
who
is
a
necessary
dependant
vpon
euery
Horse
Regiment
,
haue
no
troope
of
Horse
,
as
seldome
or
neuer
they
haue
,
then
his
range
or
place
is
euer
to
troope
with
the
Collonels
Lieutenant
,
and
the
Commissary
or
Prouost
of
euery
Regiment
with
the
Liuetenant
Collonels
Liueteuant
,
or
otherwise
(
at
his
pleasure
)
extrauagantly
in
any
other
inferior
place
of
the
Regiment
.
Againe
,
here
is
to
be
noted
in
the
generallitie
of
the
Army
where
Horse
and
Foote
are
mixed
together
,
or
whensoeuer
they
shall
meet
either
in
publicke
Court
or
priuate
Counsell
,
that
the
Commander
of
Horse
hath
priority
of
place
before
the
Commander
of
Foot
.
And
howsoeuer
some
opinions
would
sway
to
the
contrary
,
preferring
Number
before
Vertue
;
yet
it
is
most
certaine
,
that
in
all
Courts
of
Warre
,
the
Horseman
hath
the
first
place
,
a
Collonell
of
500.
Horse
preceeding
a
Collonell
of
1000.
Foot
.
A
Captaine
of
100.
Horse
takes
place
before
a
Captaine
of
200.
Foot
,
&c.
Antiquity
in
this
place
being
no
let
,
but
the
Dignity
carried
according
to
the
Honor
of
the
Command
,
&
the
Nobility
of
the
number
.
Now
next
vnto
these
Curasheirs
are
the
Harquebusheirs
,
who
at
this
day
,
and
in
this
present
Discipline
,
stand
for
the
Light
Horse
;
these
likewise
haue
two
seuerall
Ranges
,
the
one
in
their
ordinary
Trooping
;
and
the
other
,
when
they
come
to
be
drawne
vp
into
ordinary
or
extraordinary
Bodies
:
For
the
ordinarie
Trooping
,
it
is
eyther
when
they
Troope
into
the
Fielde
to
receiue
Directions
,
or
else
troope
forth
as
Vantcurreers
and
Dicouerers
of
all
Impediments
that
may
happen
to
the
Army
,
for
these
are
they
which
Scower
the
Coast
,
and
preuent
Ambuscadoes
,
they
make
good
Ryuers
,
Bridges
,
and
all
straight
Passages
,
and
albe
their
trooping
is
loose
and
disbanded
,
holding
no
strickt
or
curious
forme
,
eyther
in
Ranke
or
file
,
nor
any
certainety
in
Pace
or
Motion
,
but
sometimes
galloping
,
sometimes
trotting
,
&
sometimes
standing
still
,
(
as
danger
or
discouerie
shall
giue
way
to
their
proceedings
)
yet
doe
they
troope
most
commonly
in
Regiments
,
the
Vauntguard
being
led
eyther
by
the
Colonell
himselfe
,
or
some
other
Officer
in
Chiefe
,
who
being
better
acquainted
with
the
places
they
goe
to
discouer
,
hath
this
Authority
cast
vpon
him
,
and
Rangeth
himselfe
in
the
Front
,
which
is
the
greatest
Place
of
eminence
:
As
the
Colonell
or
chiefe
Officer
thus
taketh
the
First
Place
,
so
the
Liuetenant
Colonell
taketh
the
Second
,
and
so
the
rest
of
the
Captaines
successiuely
,
according
to
their
antiquity
:
These
are
the
ordinary
Scoutes
,
Watchmen
,
and
Sentinells
,
and
if
it
be
in
Campe
,
their
guard
is
euer
without
the
Verge
of
the
Campe
,
and
if
it
be
in
a
Walled
Towne
,
Citty
,
or
Garrison
,
their
guard
is
without
the
walles
of
the
Citty
,
and
their
Quarter
in
the
Suburbes
;
there
are
Dependants
on
the
Lord
Marshall
,
and
take
directions
from
his
Commands
;
and
thus
much
for
the
Range
of
Horsemen
.
FINIS
.