The
state
of
the
CVSTVMES
.
Specially
in
the
OVT-PORTES
of
this
Realme
.
GREAT
HATH
BEENE
THE
CARE
,
AND
THE
Inuentions
sundrie
,
that
haue
beene
vndertaken
,
for
the
aduauncing
,
collecting
and
true
answering
,
of
all
such
Duties
as
vpon
things
by
way
of
Merchandize
,
But
as
in
the
State
of
a
natural
body
,
those
diseases
prooue
of
most
dangerous
consequence
,
that
are
of
longest
breeding
,
and
most
desperate
to
cure
,
whose
causes
are
vnknowne
:
so
fares
it
at
this
day
with
that
,
which
highly
importing
the
whole
Common-wealth
,
is
of
it selfe
,
no
small
nor
idle
portion
in
the
body
of
the
Princes
Reuenues
.
Namely
,
the
state
of
the
CVSTVMES
;
specially
in
the
OVT-PORTES
of
this
Realme
.
The
present
condition
whereof
,
being
neerely
obserued
,
may
bee
fitly
resembled
to
the
diseases
of
the
body
,
Morbs
Chronici
.
For
as
they
engendred
with
time
,
not
seene
to
at
first
,
or
but
slightly
regarded
,
make
worke
at
the
last
for
Apothecaries
and
Surgeons
,
leading
the
part
infected
still
from
ill
to
worse
:
so
in
the
occasions
and
continuance
of
these
kinds
of
sores
or
disorders
,
for
want
of
due
inspection
or
true
information
,
as
the
seruice
growes
confounded
;
Offences
by
consequence
encrease
more
and
more
.
For
remedy
whereof
,
though
confident
Emperiks
neuer
so
boldly
,
with
their
violent
and
repercussiue
medicines
,
from
all
parts
obtrude
themselues
,
sucking
profit
thereby
at
one
hand
or
other
:
When
all
is
done
&
sayd
,
the
Graue
and
Wise
Physitians
,
For
if
Vrines
proue
deceitfull
,
and
Patients
neuer
speake
:
No
maruell
then
,
if
Physicke
faile
and
medicines
be
to
seeke
.
In
which
respect
,
for
the
better
information
of
the
State
of
this
Cause
,
this
present
Discourse
is
conceiued
,
¶
Priuatio
praesupponit
habitum
.
Sicknes
doth
imply
a
habit
of
helth
,
&
the
disproportioned
disposition
of
any
Function
,
doth
argue
an
intention
&
possibility
of
Order
.
To
the
vnderstanding
wherof
,
since
particularities
&
circumstances
do
best
approoue
and
lay
open
the
trueth
or
falsehood
of
any
Action
or
Assertion
:
In
the
Consultation
and
Resolution
of
this
argument
of
CVSTVMES
,
Fower
things
doe
first
offer
themselues
to
mind
and
necessarie
consideration
.
-
¶
1
The
CAVSE
or
Ground
,
whence
such
Duties
growe
and
haue
their
first
being
.
-
¶
2
The
MATTER
what
,
and
where
vpon
such
Duties
growing
are
to
be
paide
and
taken
.
-
¶
3
The
PERSONS
,
whome
such
Duties
either
immediatly
or
by
consequence
touch
and
concerne
.
-
¶
4
The
FORME
how
to
collect
such
Duties
,
fit
and
peculiar
to
the
CAVSE
,
MATTER
and
PERSONS
.
First
therefore
of
the
CAVSE
of
CVSTVMES
for
Orders
sake
,
and
so
of
the
rest
.
THe
Nature
of
all
things
that
consist
in
Action
,
is
best
seene
and
valued
,
by
the
worthines
of
that
Obiect
and
End
where
to
it
tendeth
.
The
highest
Obiect
of
humaine
Actions
(
GOD
onely
excepted
)
is
the
MAIESTIE
of
our
SOVERAIGNE
and
GOOD
of
our
COVNTRY
.
And
there
is
no
Action
more
dutiful
,
then
at
all
hands
to
amplifie
the
honour
of
the
one
,
and
to
procure
the
peace
of
the
other
;
nor
any
more
odious
,
then
wittingly
or
willingly
to
impaire
the
Meanes
,
mutually
ment
for
the
maintenance
of
either
.
That
to
maintaine
the
Princes
Reuenewes
,
and
to
further
the
prosperitie
of
her
people
is
,
or
ought
to
be
,
the
speciall
care
of
euery
mans
best
endeuour
.
But
,
as
in
all
things
that
depend
on
CAVSES
,
and
consist
of
MATTER
and
FORME
,
where
the
proprieties
of
either
are
not
rightly
vnderstood
nor
seriously
obserued
,
the
first
Error
breeding
Mischiefe
,
leades
the
high
way
to
Disorder
and
so
to
Confusion
:
so
fares
it
at
this
day
with
the
State
and
argument
of
this
Discourse
,
namly
the
publike
duties
of
CVSTVMES
.
That
as
well
for
the
CAVSE
whence
they
proceede
and
their
MATTER
what
it
is
,
as
in
their
FORME
how
to
stop
the
course
of
Errors
and
currant
of
Abuses
,
hath
of
long
time
bene
and
yet
is
a
proposition
diuersly
and
strangely
debated
.
Wherein
howsoeuer
Confusion
encrease
generall
offences
,
Holding
the
Actors
next
hand
still
subiect
to
suspition
and
blame
.
(
Ignorance
and
Impudencie
bearing
the
sway
)
[
*
](A07549-e11730-b)
*
The
ATTORNEY
and
Experience
and
[
⸪
](A07549-e11750-b)
⸪
SOLICITOR
generall
:
for
the
Prince
and
her
People
.
Truth
arguing
the
case
before
Equitie
and
Reason
,
dispute
the
Question
,
and
resolue
it
thus
.
Al
Effects
work
only
by
&
liue
or
dy
with
their
proper
CAVSES
.
All
CAVSES
are
either
Efficient
,
Materiall
,
Formall
,
or
Finall
.
For
defence
of
the
Realme
and
safe
passage
at
Seas
.
Thus
CVSTVMES
follow
TRAFFICK
as
the
Effect
doth
the
CAVSE
;
There
appeare
in
TRAFFICK
by
this
discription
fower
speciall
parts
,
to
bee
seuerally
considered
and
iointly
maintained
,
as
being
so
essentially
coherent
,
and
necessarily
concurrent
,
that
where
any
one
is
failing
,
the
rest
haue
no
longer
being
.
To
wit
,
MATTER
(
as
Vendible
wares
.
Secondly
PERSONS
(
Merchants
Subiects
,
or
Strangers
.
Thirdly
,
PLACE
(
at
Markets
conuenient
)
Fourthly
ORDER
(
rules
of
reciproke
Commerce
.
)
1
First
in
the
Condition
of
the
MATTER
whatsoeuer
it
be
GOODNES
only
(
more
or
lesse
)
makes
it
Vendible
,
as
respected
&
fit
for
Trades
.
All
GOODNES
is
either
by
Nature
or
by
Art
:
And
as
in
GOODNES
there
is
a
proportion
alwaies
answerable
to
the
first
MATTER
,
wherein
it
consisteth
:
so
in
Trades
,
the
blessing
of
God
by
Nature
,
and
the
benefit
of
Industrie
by
Art
,
is
immediatly
more
or
lesse
admired
,
to
the
speciall
reputation
and
profit
of
the
PERSONS
and
PLACES
that
first
afford
them
.
2
In
the
quality
of
the
PERSON
of
the
Merchant
,
whosoeuer
he
be
,
Subiect
or
Stranger
;
onely
Loyaltie
and
Alliance
,
makes
his
TRAFFICK
auowed
,
without
distinction
of
Sex
or
yeares
:
For
with
knowne
Traitors
or
open
enemies
,
the
Lawe
admits
no
Commerce
.
3
In
the
PLACES
Conueniencie
at
home
or
abroad
,
Easines
of
Accesse
by
Sea
or
land
and
publike
Freedome
with
Safetie
for
MATTER
and
PERSONS
,
is
onely
regarded
in
all
Martes
and
Markets
.
4
And
the
best
Rules
for
ORDER
to
direct
TRAFFICK
by
,
are
they
which
being
precisely
squared
out
to
the
Generalitie
,
Indifferencie
and
Certaintie
of
the
Lawes
of
the
land
and
forrain
Contracts
,
admit
no
particular
,
partiall
nor
doubtfull
;
deceipt
,
iniurie
nor
disturbance
,
to
MATTER
,
PERSONS
,
nor
PLACE
.
Thus
TRAFFICK
supported
by
fower
speciall
Pillers
;
The
first
is
grounded
on
GOODNES
.
All
GOODNES
is
needefull
.
TRAFFICK
therefore
either
outward
or
inward
of
things
bred
at
home
or
abroad
;
in
respect
of
the
Vse
thereof
ought
to
bee
Generall
.
For
looke
what
the
Soule
is
to
the
outward
Actions
of
the
body
,
in
ordering
each
member
:
so
,
as
to
Nature
seemes
fittest
for
the
good
of
the
whole
Man
:
Such
is
the
vse
of
TRAFICK
in
disposing
Misteries
and
Trades
to
the
behoofe
of
the
whole
Common-wealth
.
A
consideration
in
no
part
of
Ciuill
Gouernment
to
bee
neglected
,
much
lesse
in
this
great
CAVSE
of
CVSTVMES
.
For
as
much
as
the
GOOD
intended
thereby
both
to
MATTER
,
PERSONS
,
and
PLACES
,
by
the
rules
of
Equitie
is
so
due
to
All
,
as
cannot
bee
iustly
restrained
or
denied
vnto
Any
,
without
disorder
and
confusion
.
Bonum
autem
quo
communius
,
●o
melius
.
From
TRAFFICKE
therefore
CVSTVMES
deryue
their
first
Essence
,
and
being
,
and
by
it
encrease
;
to
the
Honor
of
Princes
,
and
prosperitie
of
Common-wealthes
.
To
conclude
;
TRAFFICK
is
the
true
and
assured
practise
of
that
misticall
Phylosophie
(
wherein
so
many
wits
haue
spent
themselues
,
and
blowne
the
coales
in
vaine
)
whose
heauenly
Elixar
(
GOODNES
)
the
Quintessence
of
Nature
and
Art
,
The
MATTER
or
Subiect
,
(
For
defence
of
the
Realme
,
and
safe
passage
at
Seas
)
loyally
offered
and
graciously
accepted
,
the
Lawes
of
TRAFFICK
doe
recorde
by
the
names
and
titles
.
Of
-
CVSTVMS
-
Great
and
-
Small
.
-
and
-
SVBSIDIES
of
-
Pondage
,
and
-
Tonnage
.
The
word
CVSTVMES
albeit
it
be
vsed
as
a
general
name
for
al
Duties
vpon
goods
crossing
the
Seas
,
both
inward
and
outward
:
yet
it
hath
his
peculiar
and
distinct
signification
.
And
is
either
that
Dutie
which
is
taken
vpon
Woolles
,
Woolfels
,
Tinne
,
Lead
,
and
other
Staple
wares
of
this
land
,
by
the
name
of
Grand
CVSTVME
;
Or
the
Dutie
of
three
pence
vppon
the
pound
&c.
Yeelded
onely
by
Strangers
,
by
the
title
of
PETIT-CVSTVME
.
SVBSIDY
,
is
but
the
Genus
or
Generall
title
to
other
duties
,
namely
,
Pondage
and
Tonnage
.
Pondage
is
a
SVBSIDY
paide
generally
vpon
all
Marchandize
,
crossing
the
Seas
,
of
twelue
pence
the
pound
(
not
otherwise
increased
by
speciall
Statute
as
is
that
of
Corne
)
.
Whereof
it
sortes
the
name
of
Pondage
,
though
in
respect
of
the
vse
,
it
be
more
vsually
called
SVBSIDY
,
Quia
datur
in
subsidium
Principi
.
Tonnage
,
is
also
a
SVBSIDY
diuersly
collected
according
to
diuers
Statutes
limiting
the
same
;
being
either
generally
granted
for
defence
of
the
Realme
,
and
free
trafique
on
the
Seas
,
as
the
Tonnage
of
Wines
,
or
for
the
particular
reliefe
of
some
Port
or
Towne
,
as
that
of
Douer
.
¶
The
MATTER
being
thus
laide
open
:
The
PERSONS
,
are
next
to
bee
weighed
;
-
Immediately
or
directly
,
as
-
The
PRINCE
to
whom
they
are
giuen
and
by
Law
due
.
-
The
MARCHANT
,
that
by
Lawe
is
to
pay
them
.
-
The
OFFICER
,
specially
appointed
to
Collect
them
to
the
Princes
vse
.
-
Mediately
,
or
by
consequence
;
in
regarde
of
free
Trafficke
.
Viz.
-
Generally
,
The
whole
COMMONS
of
this
Realme
.
-
Specially
the
PORTE-TOWNES
whose
inhabitants
,
are
-
Artificers
and
Trades
.
or
-
M.
of
Shippes
and
Mariners
.
The
.4
.
In
the
direction
whereof
therefore
,
Common
equitie
is
to
be
respected
.
viz.
That
is
in
al
other
Duties
hauing
one
and
the
same
ground
(
Like
twins
)
as
namely
those
vpon
lands
&
goods
(
De
paribus
autem
est
idem
iudicium
)
the
Assesse
once
agreed
vpon
,
by
competent
authoritie
;
doth
intitle
and
satisfie
the
Prince
,
binde
and
acquite
the
Subiect
,
direct
and
warrant
the
Collector
,
and
so
fulfils
the
Lawe
by
giuing
euery
one
his
right
;
so
in
these
duties
vpon
Merchandise
both
inward
and
outward
,
the
Assesse
or
Rate
of
things
once
digested
,
is
or
ought
to
be
a
rule
generall
and
inuiolable
;
the
Equitie
whereof
,
consisting
in
the
Certentie
and
Indifferencie
of
Assessement
,
according
to
a
reasonable
valuation
of
things
in
vse
,
and
so
experssely
set
downe
and
named
,
and
commaunding
the
like
in
Matters
occurring
.
But
by
reason
of
some
vneuen
cariage
in
the
MATTER
and
present
FORME
;
the
PERSONS
aforesaid
in
their
seuerall
degrees
and
places
,
haue
their
Offences
,
Griefes
,
and
Complaints
.
The
knowledge
whereof
comprehendes
the
whole
State
of
the
Cause
in
question
,
and
giueth
light
to
the
grounds
and
occasions
of
the
present
disorders
.
For
Searchers
,
Comptrollers
,
Surueyours
,
Waiters
,
Wayers
,
Packers
,
Scauagers
,
their
Deputies
,
Clerkes
,
Seruants
(
and
such
like
)
is
such
a
secrete
burden
,
that
in
6
or
7
yeares
,
the
payments
in
this
kind
,
doe
counteruaile
their
Stockes
.
¶
Priuatly
they
grieue
,
that
amongst
themselues
Trades
vnder
Companies
and
Societies
are
drawne
and
abridged
into
a
few
mens
hands
;
wherein
,
besides
the
wrong
offered
to
the
Law
and
general
freedome
of
the
land
,
euen
within
themselues
also
,
the
welthier
and
best
grounded
,
by
oddes
of
stockes
,
restraints
and
other
aduantages
,
driue
the
weaker
to
the
walles
.
That
one
Porte
seemes
to
giue
Law
to
all
the
rest
,
without
warrant
of
Law
,
reason
or
Pollicie
;
the
daunger
whereof
,
moe
see
and
lament
,
then
know
how
to
preuent
or
remedie
.
That
in
all
Ports
extremities
attend
them
driuing
them
to
this
issue
,
either
to
quit
their
Trades
altogether
,
¶
Custumes
being
Effects
of
that
CAVSE
,
whose
Actions
are
conuersant
about
no
meaner
Obiects
then
the
Maiestie
of
our
Soueraigne
,
and
prosperitie
of
her
People
;
imply
a
Seruice
,
which
as
it
requires
men
of
speciall
regard
and
trust
:
so
none
may
vndertake
it
,
but
with
authoritie
and
power
giuen
them
in
lawfull
maner
.
In
the
Function
therefore
of
an
Officer
of
CVSTVMES
.
The
Officers
therefore
in
the
OVT-PORTES
are
fowre
in
number
,
and
knowne
by
the
names
of
CVSTOMER
,
SEARCHER
,
COMPTROLLER
and
SVPERVISORS
.
Grand
Custume
and
of
the
Petie
Custume
,
paid
onely
by
Strangers
:
as
also
of
the
Subsidie
of
Pondage
and
Tonnage
,
graunted
her
Maiestie
in
Primo
of
her
Raigne
,
during
her
life
Pro
defensione
Regni
,
&
custodia
Maris
.
Concluding
all
with
this
Close
.
Ita
quod
de
denarijs
inde
prouenientibus
ad
Scaccarit●m
nostrum
nobis
respondeas
.
In
which
behalfe
for
the
Princes
securitie
,
before
the
deliuerie
or
receipt
of
any
letters
Patents
,
the
Custumers
are
bound
by
themselues
and
good
suerties
,
and
sworn
besides
at
their
admissions
,
to
do
their
endeuors
,
To
deale
iustly
betwéene
the
Prince
and
her
People
This
being
the
effect
and
whole
summe
of
the
Seruice
;
is
the
Custumers
office
and
charge
onely
,
Law
doth
point
out
and
chose
,
From
amongst
the
best
and
most
sufficient
men
to
be
found
,
to
the
Lord
Treasurers
estimation
.
And
is
no
more
indeede
then
may
well
be
performed
by
such
a
one
;
Prouided
the
Law
be
his
Load-stone
,
&
Equitie
his
Compasse
,
and
enabled
withall
with
Countenance
and
Maintenance
,
fit
for
his
calling
.
Thus
the
whole
seruice
,
as
appeares
,
hath
but
two
ends
,
the
satisfaction
of
the
Prince
,
&
dispatch
of
the
Merchant
.
To
which
end
,
for
the
Custumers
reliefe
,
that
being
busied
within
doores
,
might
want
helpe
abroad
,
out
of
the
necessitie
of
the
seruice
:
The
SEARCHER
was
created
:
Office
described
.
Whose
Office
is
to
see
that
no
water
passe
by
,
without
the
Grinders
knowledge
,
but
either
to
send
them
to
the
CVSTVME
house
,
or
driue
them
to
the
Exchequer
,
as
the
words
of
his
Patent
doe
import
and
commaund
:
so
as
taking
the
moyetie
of
al
forfaits
and
seisures
for
his
paines
,
De
altera
medietate
nobis
respondeas
,
&
fidelem
inde
computum
in
Scaccario
nostro
reddas
.
And
thus
what
the
Custumer
may
not
conueniently
doe
,
the
Searcher
performes
.
Keeping
entries
of
all
Cockets
,
Bonds
&c.
passing
by
him
from
the
Custumers
hands
,
as
of
his
owne
seisures
,
and
accomptable
yerely
,
for
the
truth
of
his
doings
.
But
as
all
Officers
of
accompt
are
subiect
to
suspition
,
and
the
man
once
suspected
,
is
said
to
be
halfe
hanged
:
So
with
Custumers
aboue
all
men
(
as
things
are
mistaken
)
it
is
not
enough
to
be
an
honest
man
.
For
the
faults
or
weaknesse
of
any
one
,
is
made
a
consequence
to
call
the
rest
in
question
,
as
if
all
were
cast
in
one
mould
;
without
distinguishing
the
true
Causes
,
whereby
one
Error
is
made
the
Author
of
an
other
.
Hence
grew
the
institution
of
a
third
Officer
in
name
for
an
imaginarie
seruice
;
for
wanting
matter
to
make
a
new
function
:
He
is
to
set
with
the
Custumer
;
and
in
al
things
to
imitate
his
doings
,
Et
quasi
actum
agere
.
This
man
albeit
as
the
Custumer
is
either
honest
or
dishonest
,
be
needlesse
or
bootelesse
(
only
the
Prince
may
charge
her selfe
with
fees
to
as
many
new
Officers
as
shee
please
)
what
wants
in
essence
of
a
function
,
¶
Though
Rules
and
directions
wherewith
Functions
are
bounded
,
propound
indeede
and
intend
perfection
.
Yet
not
that
,
whereto
none
can
attaine
:
but
such
as
all
men
must
and
may
ayme
at
,
to
the
end
,
that
as
farre
as
humaine
care
and
foresight
can
extend
;
it
may
take
place
.
In
which
respect
,
what
more
effectuall
Bond
of
dutifull
endeuour
may
be
vrged
,
then
the
vowes
and
pledges
which
Custumers
giue
for
their
fidelities
at
their
first
admission
?
The
nature
of
their
seruice
holding
them
withal
,
so
subiect
to
care
and
feare
.
In
whose
behalfe
therefore
and
speciall
defence
:
1.
Here
might
be
much
spoken
to
approue
and
maintaine
,
that
in
all
Offices
of
charge
and
necessarie
trust
,
But
truth
is
called
the
daughter
of
Time
,
and
Practize
and
Experience
the
Midwiues
that
bring
her
to
light
,
for
the
weakenesse
of
this
third
Prouision
or
Caution
,
in
time
gaue
easie
way
to
a
fourth
kind
of
Officer
,
and
so
may
doe
to
the
fift
and
a
sixt
in
infinitum
,
so
long
as
the
grounds
and
causes
of
offences
are
mistaken
or
vnknowne
.
¶
Ignorance
is
called
the
mother
of
Error
.
Of
Errors
come
Mischiefes
,
priuate
Mischiefes
proue
publike
Inconueniences
:
which
breeding
Confusion
,
point
out
Order
and
Perfection
as
Causes
grow
known
.
So
that
,
Faelix
qui
poterit
rerum
cognoscere
Causas
.
CVSTVMES
paid
by
Merchants
are
subiect
to
TRAFFICK
as
the
Effect
to
the
Cause
.
But
,
as
if
a
Lord
of
a
Mannour
,
that
intending
to
make
the
best
of
his
own
,
by
his
immediate
Seruants
,
though
the
grounds
be
excellent
,
fertile
,
and
good
,
giues
charge
notwithstanding
,
and
expresly
forbids
them
both
the
vse
of
the
Plough
,
Times
,
Persons
and
Place
;
the
Error
in
iudgement
makes
the
Actor
next
hand
suspected
and
blamde
.
Thus
first
grew
the
occasion
,
that
the
CVSTVME
of
sundrie
things
became
farmed
out
to
sundrie
Persons
,
for
yearely
rents
certaine
,
and
set
termes
of
yeares
.
But
with
what
vncertaine
successe
,
the
times
haue
declared
,
and
the
persons
haue
found
.
For
witnesse
whereof
,
omitting
times
past
to
begin
neerer
hand
;
about
the
xij
.
of
the
Queene
,
M.
Smith
tooke
the
Custumes
of
some
PORTS
to
farme
,
After
him
,
Sir
Frauncis
Walsingham
was
wonne
to
the
like
for
some
PORTS
else
where
;
Then
grew
it
a
question
(
things
so
meeting
together
)
how
the
same
might
be
best
husbanded
,
to
her
Maiesties
owne
and
immediate
vse
,
that
had
beene
so
good
to
some
others
at
a
second
hand
.
And
because
the
Custumers
at
al
hands
were
holden
for
Publicans
&
Sinners
,
a
new
&
fourth
sort
of
Officers
became
created
,
who
at
the
cost
of
Sir
Francis
hauing
wonne
their
experience
before
,
vndertooke
by
themselues
and
Deputies
,
To
reforme
all
abuses
,
and
aduance
the
Queenes
Custumes
,
in
al
PORTS
of
this
Realme
,
LONDON
excepted
.
To
these
therfore
,
being
fower
in
number
:
a
Commission
is
graunted
ioyntly
,
To
reforme
all
abuses
,
and
aduance
the
Queenes
Custumes
?
Bid
such
men
wel-come
,
bee
they
neuer
so
many
;
for
that
s
the
Dyapason
of
all
our
Musicke
,
so
the
more
the
merier
.
And
the
base
of
that
building
so
many
haue
vndertaken
,
and
so
fewe
haue
set
forward
;
therefore
the
more
hands
the
lighter
worke
.
Prouided
alwaies
,
they
sing
with
the
Companie
,
and
worke
in
Gods
name
.
Hoc
opus
,
hic
labor
est
,
committed
to
none
but
"
Men
of
the
best
sort
only
.
Religious
and
honest
indeede
,
as
these
pretend
to
be
.
Yet
since
in
this
&
in
al
things
,
Virtutis
laus
actio
,
and
Carpenters
are
alwaies
best
knowne
by
their
chippes
;
first
heare
their
voices
and
examine
their
cunning
,
for
so
their
consent
and
harmonie
will
shewe
their
skill
in
Musicke
,
and
their
Disposition
and
Order
in
raysing
their
worke
,
will
commend
their
building
.
For
if
into
a
Consort
,
ordained
to
sing
or
sound
,
Any
or
Many
,
should
obtrude
themselues
,
and
taking
vp
Instruments
,
pretending
to
tune
them
,
regard
neither
Rests
,
nor
giue
eare
to
any
Time
,
nor
sound
the
Instruments
to
find
out
what
compasse
of
Musique
they
are
ablest
to
maintaine
;
but
sing
to
themselues
,
and
stand
winding
vp
Strings
till
all
breake
in
sunder
;
would
yee
not
catch
the
Instruments
from
the
hands
of
such
Tuners
,
and
as
Personnes
either
ignorant
or
impudent
,
desire
such
Musitians
of
lesse
acquaintance
?
Likewise
in
the
framing
and
rearing
some
●ta●●ly
peece
of
building
,
such
as
might
be
the
Steeple
for
Paules
(
a
worke
faire
and
farre
seene
,
and
faisible
enough
,
for
fit
and
skilfull
workemen
)
if
Any
or
Many
vndertaking
to
aduance
it
,
should
begin
at
the
height
,
and
so
build
downeward
,
or
pitching
the
Weathercocke
beneath
,
striue
to
raise
the
base
end
vpward
,
would
any
well
aduised
,
stand
neere
such
builders
for
feare
of
danger
?
or
at
least
,
Spectatum
admissi
,
risum
teneatis
Amici
?
Euen
such
and
no
better
proues
the
skill
and
proceedings
of
these
forward
Reformers
of
abuses
,
and
aduancers
of
Custumes
.
For
whilst
the
Custumers
,
set
vp
as
it
were
,
and
opposed
with
the
[
a
](A07549-e15380-b)
a
Extremitie
.
Discant
of
their
lesson
enioynd
them
to
learne
,
and
finding
their
[
*
](A07549-e15400-b)
*
Marchants
.
Instruments
not
able
to
maintaine
such
a
Compasse
in
Musike
;
were
applying
themselues
to
the
[
b
](A07549-e15420-b)
b
The
equitie
of
the
Law
.
Plaine-song
,
prickt
out
to
the
plesingest
Ditty
that
euer
was
endited
,
beginning
thus
.
[
“
](A07549-e15470-b)
“
Est
Modus
in
rebus
,
sunt
certi
denique
Fines
.
There
is
a
Mids
betwene
Extreames
,
much
like
a
mark
or
white
[
“
](A07549-e15490-b)
“
Quos
vltra
citraque
,
nequit
consistere
Rectum
.
Whereat
who
leuels
short
or
gon
,
can
neuer
shoote
aright
.
Which
fitting
all
[
a
](A07549-e15510-b)
a
Raates
.
Strings
(
the
Searchers
withall
,
at
euery
Close
singing
,
Then
Measure
is
the
mery
Meane
for
Prince
and
People
.
)
Makes
a
song
in
it selfe
of
Good
rime
and
Good
reason
,
being
perfectly
learned
and
sung
with
good
Time
and
Tunable
voyces
;
Dowlands
delight
,
or
Persons
Sweete
In
Nomine
:
whilst
the
Custumers
(
as
said
is
)
were
thus
tuning
and
singing
,
as
their
skils
and
voices
would
serue
;
These
step
in
at
aduenture
,
and
disgrace
all
the
[
b
](A07549-e15670-b)
b
Custumers
.
Musitians
,
for
the
hoarcenes
of
some
,
and
accusing
the
[
c
](A07549-e15690-b)
c
Marchants
.
Instruments
for
their
low
sound
;
wind
vp
the
Strings
,
to
pitch
all
at
the
highest
,
and
with
a
Catch
of
fower
parts
,
like
Harpers
besides
themselues
,
sing
blindly
together
,
Chaunting
it
thus
.
No
fishing
to
the
Sea
,
Nor
seruice
to
the
King
.
Which
fitting
no
[
a
](A07549-e15770-b)
a
Raates
.
Strings
(
their
Deputies
at
all
times
lowly
repeating
,
For
all
on
priuate
profit
wayt
;
Where
things
goe
guided
by
Conceit
.
)
No
reason
,
so
full
of
discords
,
and
farre
from
proportion
,
be
iudge
)
if
euer
men
thriude
vnder
Prince
by
ignorance
and
seruice
in
conceite
:
These
may
well
say
to
themselues
,
Plus
quandoque
valet
in
rebus
promouendis
opin●o
hominum
,
quam
rei
veritas
.
And
Assay
ben
balla
a
chi
fortuna
suona
.
But
bee
it
knowne
to
all
men
by
these
presents
besides
(
of
Vnderstanding
and
iudgement
)
that
as
omne
quod
efficit
Tale
,
oportet
esse
magis
Tale
;
so
the
Law
setting
down
the
Rates
of
Custumes
,
and
Authoritie
digesting
the
Forme
of
their
payments
,
cannot
properly
be
said
to
increase
or
diminish
,
but
by
the
same
Power
and
Authoritie
,
or
by
[
a
](A07549-e16000-b)
a
This
found
Ma.
Custumer
Smith
full
true
to
his
happy
availe
,
trading
in
some
things
himselfe
,
lending
stockes
vnto
others
,
and
dealing
friendly
with
all
men
,
to
holde
them
in
doings
;
which
brought
in
his
profit
still
,
for
one
thing
or
other
.
Trafficks
and
free
Commerce
more
or
lesse
.
Otherwise
,
Nostrum
,
magis
Nostrum
furi
nequit
.
Which
standing
most
true
,
and
then
this
noted
withall
,
namely
:
That
as
it
did
not
appeare
(
almost
in
fortie
yeares
together
)
how
Trades
of
this
thing
and
that
thing
by
occasions
fell
in
,
and
with
time
increased
,
and
so
of
Custumes
by
consequence
,
the
profits
not
seene
nor
obserued
,
whilst
by
Leases
they
ranne
through
priuate
mens
hands
:
so
it
was
their
better
happe
than
foresight
or
skill
,
to
come
in
at
such
an
instant
of
Time
,
as
when
both
the
grace
of
God
in
an
admirable
sort
,
gaue
increase
to
our
[
b
](A07549-e16060-b)
b
The
plenty
of
Come
at
their
beginning
,
their
onely
good
lucke
,
whereof
they
called
all
gaines
,
Custume
,
to
make
a
shew
of
seruice
.
graine
,
and
al
accesses
of
profit
met
in
one
,
to
her
Maiesties
immediate
vse
together
.
Wherein
their
Industrie
can
claime
,
neither
art
nor
part
,
but
in
Conceite
onely
.
For
a
full
triall
whereof
(
which
here
to
set
downe
,
would
bee
too
tedious
to
reade
)
a
bare
collation
of
[
c
](A07549-e16090-b)
c
The
want
of
these
obseruations
from
time
to
time
,
holds
all
Custumers
so
subiect
,
as
they
are
to
disgraces
,
and
suspitious
suggestions
.
Matters
and
Times
before
them
and
since
,
for
fortie
yeares
past
;
would
satisfie
all
and
make
this
no
question
.
(
But
by
way
of
Parenthesis
,
if
to
profit
the
Hundred
by
impairing
the
Shire
be
holden
for
gaine
,
[
a
](A07549-e16180-b)
a
The
equitie
of
the
Lawe
ecclipsed
by
licences
for
Corne
,
shewed
their
seruice
at
the
first
.
Moone
,
which
neuer
fals
out
but
when
shee
is
at
full
:
was
a
naturall
consequence
of
their
immediate
Declining
;
and
of
a
fearefull
assurance
of
a
Mischiefe
to
come
.
Wherof
one
[
b
](A07549-e16220-b)
b
The
Dearth
succeeding
for
want
of
the
forestore
,
exhausted
by
priuate
licences
,
against
the
wise
prouision
of
the
Law
Storme
is
past
,
God
send
vs
no
more
,
and
let
this
bee
a
lesson
for
euer
hereafter
,
that
,
To
out
runne
the
Law
,
is
to
hast
to
confusion
.
)
Yet
since
euery
new
Officer
,
implyeth
new
matter
fit
for
a
new
function
,
and
none
may
assume
more
to
themselues
;
then
a
greater
Power
doth
conferre
,
(
These
hauing
erected
to
themselues
a
place
for
a
priuate
Office
,
and
deuised
a
publike
Seale
)
as
of
the
Rest
,
so
see
their
Commission
.
Their
Commission
is
ioyntly
,
and
containes
onely
their
Name
,
The
Schedule
hath
Articles
twelue
or
thirteene
.
All
formall
and
nothing
materiall
at
all
.
Thus.
The
CAVSE
at
the
first
,
mistaken
or
vnknowen
,
bred
Error
in
the
MATTER
and
FORME
,
and
so
consequently
Defects
in
the
general
Seruice
.
Whereof
Ignorance
taking
hold
,
accused
the
CVSTVMER
as
Actor
next
hand
and
onely
bound
for
all
.
Necessitie
,
for
the
Custumers
reliefe
,
fitly
found
out
the
vse
of
a
SEARCHER
;
but
his
loosenesse
and
libertie
bewraying
his
Negligence
,
(
Ne
quid
asperius
)
made
Iealousie
and
Suspition
,
deuise
a
kind
of
COMPTROLLER
.
His
needlesse
or
bootelesse
calling
;
gaue
easie
way
to
the
newe
SVPERVISORS
and
their
Retinue
,
whose
confident
Presumption
,
combining
with
Ignorance
(
their
special
Vpholders
)
made
them
vndertake
they
knew
not
what
,
and
to
goe
forward
they
carde
not
how
,
in
Opinion
onely
and
Conceite
,
to
cure
all
sentes
of
Leekes
or
Onyons
by
eating
Garlike
.
Hence
grow
Contentions
,
Disorders
,
Offences
and
Complaints
of
the
PERSONS
.
Clodius
accusat
Moechum
,
Catelina
Cethegum
.
Quis
tulerit
Gracchos
de
seditione
querentes
?
The
Mischiefes
whereof
,
though
the
MARCHANTS
and
CVSTVMERS
in
speciall
deuide
betweene
them
;
the
generall
Inconueniences
extend
to
the
PRINCE
her selfe
,
her
Allyes
and
most
Loyal
Subiects
;
the
importance
wherof
,
the
GRAVE
and
godly
WISE
;
will
in
due
time
bee
pleased
to
consider
,
and
remember
with
all
:
That
none
proue
Saints
for
seeming
so
to
others
,
Since
all
are
men
and
all
haue
suckt
their
Mothers
.
¶
Thus
farre
the
ATTVRNEY
and
SOLLICITER
generall
,
(
Experience
and
Truth
)
hauing
pleaded
before
EQVITIE
and
REASON
,
on
the
behalfe
of
TRAFFICKE
,
no
lesse
dangerously
supplanted
by
the
Custumers
disgrace
,
then
the
Merchants
extremitie
;
in
true
Zeale
of
the
Princes
honour
,
and
Good
of
her
People
;
began
here
seriously
to
lament
and
bewaile
the
vnfaithfulnes
of
such
,
as
ignorantly
haue
beene
the
cause
,
or
wilfully
persist
to
maintaine
the
burdening
of
the
Custume
houses
,
with
such
swarmes
of
vnfit
and
needlesse
Instruments
,
that
as
Razours
cutting
off
the
life
of
Custumes
,
and
wrangling
out
disorder
by
a
greater
confusion
,
so
liue
by
their
places
,
that
in
time
they
must
needes
bee
the
death
of
the
Nurse
her selfe
that
feedes
them
.
But
the
wisdome
of
the
Iudges
,
moued
rather
with
the
weight
of
the
CAVSE
,
then
passion
in
their
Plea
(
looking
backe
to
the
time
)
bid
them
goe
forward
.
¶
Now
then
,
see
what
hath
beene
said
;
and
so
hast
to
an
end
.
The
PRINCE
(
as
aforesaid
)
is
iustly
offended
,
&
the
Merchant
likewise
hath
laid
downe
his
griefes
.
These
are
the
fower
sorts
of
persons
that
attend
Custume
causes
,
amongst
whome
,
if
any
complaine
;
these
last
haue
no
reason
to
looke
to
bee
pittied
,
for
that
obtruding
themselues
into
other
mens
workes
,
vndertaking
a
taske
exceeding
their
skill
;
like
men
in
amaze
,
striue
still
to
goe
forward
,
and
in
doing
lesse
then
nothing
,
would
seeme
to
doe
all
.
Accusing
the
Custumers
.
Calumus
and●
audacter
,
vt
alis
quid
adhareat
.
Not
vnlike
to
insolent
and
ignorant
Huishers
,
that
lawlesse
themselues
,
know
no
rules
of
teaching
,
but
beating
the
Schollers
.
But
this
by
the
way
wil
be
wel
worth
the
noting
,
how
generally
iust
,
Custume
house
,
and
enquire
the
next
way
to
their
owne
priuate
profit
.
¶
That
the
meanes
to
enhable
them
to
seruice
,
viz.
Countenance
and
Maintenance
,
are
withholden
from
them
and
conferred
vpon
others
.
That
their
seruice
notwithstanding
is
like
the
making
of
Bricke
in
Egypt
,
for
wanting
meanes
to
performe
their
Taskes
,
yet
haue
idle
Taske
masters
set
ouer
them
,
whose
credite
hath
no
(
being
)
but
in
their
disgrace
.
That
the
Lawe
it selfe
,
so
good
and
iust
in
generall
,
is
made
both
hurtfull
to
the
Prince
in
their
publike
function
,
and
iniurious
to
themselues
in
their
priuate
callings
.
For
that
,
whereto
they
are
precisely
enioyned
at
their
admissions
,
and
which
in
respect
of
their
places
and
charges
,
That
their
seruice
besides
is
no
thanks
to
themselues
,
but
a
Countenance
and
meanes
of
Maintenance
to
others
.
Sic
vos
non
vobis
nidificatis
Aues
fertis
aratra
boues
&c.
That
They
,
notwithstanding
,
vnderly
all
kind
of
Expences
and
hazards
incident
to
Custume
causes
,
and
others
not
touching
the
burden
with
their
fingers
,
for
crying
ayme
onely
,
reape
thankes
,
reputation
and
reward
.
For
(
omitting
extraordinaries
)
their
expences
for
their
Bands
and
Suerties
,
to
answere
al
Duties
&
subiection
besides
,
is
an
vnknowne
bondage
and
burden
,
in
respect
of
the
libertie
the
rest
doe
liue
in
.
At
each
of
these
fiue
Custume
houses
,
must
be
intertained
a
discreete
Person
:
for
though
any
be
fit
enough
for
the
Superuisors
turnes
(
as
matters
doe
stand
)
yet
it
stands
the
Custumer
in
hand
to
vse
choise
,
and
honest
men
of
the
best
education
(
the
seruice
passing
in
Latine
)
for
his
owne
securitie
.
And
vnto
such
,
lesse
then
twentie
markes
wages
,
and
as
much
for
dyet
cannot
be
offered
.
Which
yearely
is
a
charge
of
two
hundreth
pounds
,
or
more
.
the
Head-Porte
considered
in
proportion
.
At
these
fiue
Custume
houses
,
what
euer
is
spent
in
Incke
,
Parchment
,
Paper
,
and
Wax
,
is
supplied
alwaies
by
the
Custumer
only
,
which
yearely
may
be
a
Matter
of
some
.
10.
pounds
.
¶
.
Besides
.
The
hazard
of
the
Queens
money
,
that
of
necessitie
is
to
passe
by
Bils
of
Exchange
through
sundrie
hands
(
being
allowed
no
Portage
money
)
is
an
vnknowne
hazard
,
trouble
,
Theirs
also
are
all
charges
,
expended
in
ryding
or
sending
from
place
to
place
,
as
the
seruice
fals
out
by
letters
,
or
Order
from
the
Lord
Treasurer
or
Exchequer
.
Lastly
,
They
put
in
their
Bookes
twise
a
yeare
,
to
their
double
charges
,
which
the
rest
performe
but
once
yearely
,
for
fashions
sake
onely
,
without
expence
or
attendance
,
leauing
the
Custumers
onely
to
abide
to
follow
;
and
to
pay
all
Duties
,
Fees
,
and
whatsoeuer
charges
to
Officers
and
others
.
Wherein
the
best
part
of
their
wages
and
reward
from
the
Prince
is
consumed
,
but
vsually
the
one
halfe
,
if
not
two
parts
of
three
,
as
being
more
delayed
,
and
accumbred
with
the
confused
entries
,
and
writings
of
others
Bookes
,
by
carelesse
and
ignorant
Deputies
,
then
any
of
their
owne
,
as
the
Auditors
can
witnesse
.
Which
kind
of
bondage
of
Custumers
the
rest
in
their
freedome
doe
many
waies
insult
vpon
,
colouring
their
doings
alwayes
with
the
generall
Pretence
of
her
Maiesties
seruice
.
Of
all
which
expences
both
certaine
and
casuall
,
the
Searchers
,
Comptrollers
,
and
Superuisors
,
beare
no
part
,
each
possessing
his
life
with
libertie
,
his
wages
with
quietnesse
,
and
his
Trade
with
credite
,
and
as
it
were
altogether
liue
as
they
list
.
Whilst
the
Custumers
ouer-borne
,
and
debarred
all
Trafficke
and
meanes
of
good
seruice
and
thrift
,
are
in
case
like
the
Merchant
(
aforesaid
)
forced
either
to
quit
their
places
,
though
with
losse
,
¶
Hauing
thus
farre
layd
open
the
state
of
the
seruice
,
(
according
to
three
of
the
fower
Considerations
afore
laide
downe
)
with
the
bondage
and
expences
depending
:
Which
(
as
appeares
)
the
Custumers
onely
vnderly
;
there
resteth
in
a
word
or
two
,
fourthly
,
to
shewe
the
proportions
of
rewards
,
which
alone
being
but
indifferently
weighed
,
ma●y
happily
helpe
to
excuse
them
hereafter
,
though
the
age
we
liue
in
,
giue
small
hope
of
reliefe
.
A
proportion
very
hard
and
vnknowne
,
but
to
those
that
find
it
by
experience
,
yet
the
same
compared
with
the
Superuisors
;
(
whose
seruice
and
the
Comptrollers
is
one
and
the
same
;
)
commes
to
a
farre
lesse
reckoning
.
For
where
the
Custumers
being
in
number
20.
deuide
about
300.
Deductis
deducendis
(
as
is
aboue
said
)
among
them
all
,
and
that
vpon
accompt
at
the
yeares
end
.
The
Superuisors
being
but.
4.
receiue
by
Debentur
out
of
the
Exchequer
,
(
for
their
good
seruice
)
425.
euery
quarter
,
................................
ADSIT
REGVLA
,
Peccatis
qua
poenas
irroget
aquas
.
¶
The
Marchantes
haue
beene
heard
to
say
for
themselues
.
Now
the
COMMONS
presse
forward
to
speake
in
their
turnes
,
but
they
are
too
many
and
the
time
almost
spent
.
Therefore
heare
but
the
PORT-TOWNES
,
and
reade
their
short
Petition
.
The
life
of
all
Custumes
is
Trafficke
and
Commerce
:
In
which
kind
of
calling
,
the
Merchant
of
all
men
is
to
be
fauored
,
cherished
;
and
incouraged
in
all
Common-wealths
.
All
Traffique
is
either
Ourward
or
Inward
,
of
things
bread
at
home
or
abroad
.
And
albeit
that
Kingdome
or
Countrie
be
holden
most
wealthie
and
happie
,
that
is
ablest
and
aptest
to
spare
and
transport
Commodities
of
their
owne
,
wherein
this
Iland
may
compare
with
the
best
;
yet
since
no
place
is
extant
so
absolutely
blist
,
as
in
all
points
to
stand
and
subsist
of
it selfe
,
by
the
benefit
of
Entercourse
and
Traffique
,
bounded
by
Lawes
,
Speciall
treatise
,
Leagues
,
Oathes
and
Decrees
,
al
wants
are
supplied
,
each
Part
intending
the
best
for
it selfe
,
according
to
Reason
,
Wisedome
and
Pollicie
.
Which
with
vs
heere
in
England
hath
euermore
aymd
at
the
encrease
of
our
Shipping
.
This
necessitie
of
mutual
Commerce
,
by
the
malice
of
Time
stands
mightily
enuied
,
and
by
Enemies
abroad
many
wayes
interrupted
;
if
withall
it
become
disturbd
among
Equals
at
home
,
when
the
generall
is
wrong
,
Particulars
grieued
cannot
but
grone
.
In
which
estate
,
though
the
whole
Commons
seeme
engaged
,
and
deeply
interessed
(
for
it
may
bee
the
case
of
each
priuate
Subiect
)
the
Port-Townes
in
speciall
;
consisting
of
Artificers
and
Traders
,
Masters
of
Shippes
and
Mariners
,
doe
most
grieue
and
therefore
complaine
.
That
albeit
as
Subiects
vnderlying
the
brunts
of
all
forraine
attempts
and
troubles
,
Custumes
,
Subsidies
,
Fifteenes
,
Priuie
seales
,
Loanes
,
&
such
like
,
yea
as
LONDON
it selfe
,
is
euery
kind
of
way
(
for
the
proportion
of
their
abilities
)
yet
contrarie
to
the
generall
libertie
of
English
Subiects
,
they
are
abridged
enuied
,
and
as
it
seemes
,
helde
[
a
](A07549-e18370-b)
a
This
hath
relation
to
the
strange
and
vnnaturall
courses
,
holden
in
that
Cittie
,
to
drawe
all
dealings
thither
,
debarring
,
and
from
hand
to
hand
,
by
Tickets
limitting
things
sent
into
the
Countries
.
As
if
all
Citties
,
Townes
and
Places
else
where
were
but
S●burbes
,
All
Portes
but
Creekes
and
Members
,
All
Officers
but
Deputies
depending
on
London
,
No
Matter
vendible
,
and
so
no
Trafficke
lawfull
,
but
at
,
or
for
London
.
From
whence
as
from
the
fatall
Box
of
Pandora
are
flowne
,
and
doe
dayly
proceede
a
great
part
of
the
euils
,
wherewith
the
whole
Realme
is
become
so
perplexed
.
For
thereby
the
free
and
lawfull
Trafficke
betweene
equall
Subiects
,
is
violently
impeached
.
Trades
and
Occupations
in
the
Citties
,
and
In-land
Townes
are
generally
decayed
.
Whereby
the
Commons
empayring
,
grow
discontented
,
and
the
poore
for
want
of
worke
,
forced
out
to
begging
.
The
skirtes
and
Out-Ports
of
the
Realme
grow
dangerously
desolate
of
Trades
and
destitute
of
Marriners
and
Shipping
.
The
Princes
Custumes
,
there
consequently
decreased
.
The
Custumers
without
distinction
by
all
meanes
disgraced
.
And
the
Marchantes
of
all
sortes
discouraged
,
wearied
and
made
a
pray
to
a
worlde
of
rauening
and
lawlesse
creatures
,
of
whome
,
as
of
Harpies
may
be
truely
spoken
.
Virg.
Tristius
haud
illis
Monstrum
,
nec
saeuior
vlla
Pestis
&
ira
Deum
,
Stygiis
sese
extulit
vndis
.
No
monsters
like
to
these
might
hap
,
nor
curse
from
God
befal
Nor
from
the
pit
of
Hell
arise
,
to
plague
a
Realme
withall
.
VNWORTHIE
,
the
very
superfluities
of
that
Citties
aboundance
,
to
their
manifest
decay
,
(
for
want
of
free
Trafficke
)
in
their
Inhabitants
,
Mariners
and
Shipping
.
And
that
all
things
being
drawne
into
Priuate
societies
,
are
there
so
ingrossed
,
that
ENGLAND
is
but
LONDON
,
and
LONDON
also
seemes
abridged
in
it selfe
.
In
which
distresse
the
PORT-TOWNES
appealing
in
all
humilitie
to
the
PRINCE
,
their
onely
comfort
is
,
that
albeit
her
Maiestie
as
a
Mother
of
all
her
Children
in
her
[
a
](A07549-e18730-b)
a
Sacred
Loue
and
[
b
](A07549-e18750-b)
b
Royall
.
Affection
(
as
well
may
beseeme
Her
)
stand
gracious
to
some
more
then
the
rest
:
Common
Lawes
at
home
,
to
growe
vp
thereby
to
liue
to
her
Seruice
and
the
Common-wealth
.
Let
not
LONDON
therefore
enuie
her
fellow
Subiects
to
breath
common
ayre
any
longer
,
liuing
vnder
one
and
shee
so
good
a
SOVERAIGNE
;
nor
disgrace
her
fellow
seruants
of
equall
place
and
function
,
for
the
reasons
afore
laide
downe
.
And
in
LONDON
more
specially
the
Societie
of
MARCHANTS
[
b
](A07549-e18860-b)
b
The
Argument
of
this
Discourse
,
being
the
Aduancement
of
Custumes
,
and
the
drift
thereof
,
Honour
and
Peace
to
the
Prince
and
her
Kingdome
:
was
resolud
at
the
first
to
depend
efficiently
on
Trafficke
.
That
Trafficke
consisted
of
fower
essentiall
Parts
or
Pillers
,
Matter
,
Persons
,
Place
,
and
Order
.
That
to
maintaine
Trafficke
and
so
consequently
Custumes
,
&c.
Was
to
procure
and
cherish
in
all
Matter
,
Goodnesse
:
in
all
Persons
,
Loyaltie
and
Friendship
:
in
all
Places
Conueniencie
and
Freedome
:
and
in
all
Order
generall
Equitie
,
the
best
Rules
whereof
,
were
onely
to
be
found
in
the
Certaintie
and
Indifferencie
of
the
positiue
Lawes
,
Treaties
and
Contracts
of
mutuall
Commerce
.
But
the
Marchants
Aduenturers
,
not
knowing
or
not
regarding
these
fower
essentiall
grounds
together
,
run
away
with
Trafficke
,
as
if
it
stood
onely
in
the
choise
of
Persons
,
and
by
their
vneuen
,
vncertaine
and
violent
proceedings
,
holde
all
men
vnder
to
keepe
themselues
aboue
.
Terming
all
Enterlopers
that
would
liue
by
the
direct
and
set
Lawes
of
Trafficke
,
as
if
all
were
bastards
,
and
scarce
good
Christians
,
at
least
no
Loyal
Merchants
nor
Friends
,
but
they
and
their
Societie
.
And
by
a
bare
and
idle
pretence
of
the
word
Order
and
orderly
transporting
the
Credit
and
Creame
of
the
Land
(
Cloth
)
haue
brought
the
Trade
there
of
to
a
kind
of
confusion
,
and
themselues
to
such
a
Laborynth
:
that
besides
the
distresse
of
the
(
Clothiers
)
withall
their
Dependants
,
and
generall
complaints
at
home
(
to
their
Ho.
Lordships
endlesse
offence
and
trouble
at
the
Councell
Table
)
the
Commoditie
it selfe
is
impayred
,
abased
and
in
a
sort
despised
,
and
the
State
withal
dangerously
deuided
&
vnkindly
at
Iarre
with
her
auncient
Allyes
and
best
forraine
Friends
.
ADVENTVRERS
,
that
sometime
haue
beene
as
curious
to
keepe
and
debarre
men
from
their
MART-TOWNS
as
now
they
seeme
violent
to
force
all
men
thither
.
Least
by
their
vnquiet
and
vncertaine
Instruments
and
forme
of
proceedings
,
they
make
good
at
home
amongs
themselues
and
within
themselues
,
against
themselues
,
that
,
Straungers
haue
feared
,
written
and
forespoken
,
terming
them
a
Priuate
,
Particular
,
and
Preuenting
companie
.
¶
This
is
the
state
of
the
CVSTVMES
,
as
they
are
at
this
present
,
fit
for
the
GRAVE
and
WISE
to
knowe
and
consider
.
The
reformation
whereof
,
though
none
but
Authoritie
may
promise
and
performe
;
yet
common
Dutie
makes
it
lawfull
in
all
to
wishe
and
further
.
Vnto
whome
therefore
in
all
Submission
,
the
PORT-TOWNES
for
themselues
and
their
[
*
](A07549-e19280-b)
*
Cities
&
Inland
Townes
of
this
Realm
.
FRIENDS
,
by
way
of
remembrance
,
doe
make
this
Petition
.
QVi
Reipub.
praesunt
,