THE
FIRST
BOOKE
of
the
Communication
of
RAPHAEL
HYTHLODAY
,
concerning
the
best
State
of
a
COMMON-WEALTH
.
THE
most
victorious
King
of
England
,
HENRY
the
eight
of
that
name
,
in
all
royall
vertues
,
a
Prince
most
peerelesse
,
had
of
late
in
Controversie
with
CHARLES
,
the
right
high
and
mighty
King
of
Castile
,
weightie
matters
,
and
of
great
importance
.
For
the
debatement
and
finall
determination
whereof
,
the
Kings
Maiestie
sent
me
Ambassadour
into
Flanders
,
ioyned
in
Commission
with
CVTHBERT
But
of
this
mans
praises
I
will
say
nothing
,
not
because
I
doe
feare
that
small
credence
shall
be
given
to
the
testimony
that
commeth
out
of
a
friends
mouth
:
but
because
his
vertue
and
learning
be
greater
,
and
of
more
excellencie
,
then
that
I
am
able
to
praise
them
:
and
also
in
all
places
so
famous
and
so
perfectly
well
knowne
,
that
they
need
not
,
nor
ought
not
of
me
to
be
praised
,
unlesse
I
would
seem
to
shew
and
set
forth
the
brightnesse
of
the
Sunne
with
a
Candle
,
as
the
Proverb
saith
.
There
met
us
at
Bruges
(
for
thus
it
was
before
agreed
)
they
whom
their
Prince
had
for
that
matter
appointed
Commissioners
:
excellent
men
all
.
The
chiefe
and
head
of
them
was
the
Margrave
(
as
they
call
him
)
of
Bruges
,
a
right
honourable
man
:
but
the
wisest
and
the
best
spoken
of
them
was
GEORGE
TEMSISE
,
Provost
of
Casselses
,
a
man
,
not
only
by
learning
,
but
also
by
nature
of
singuler
eloquence
,
and
in
the
lawes
profoundly
learned
:
but
in
reasoning
and
debating
of
matters
,
what
by
his
naturall
wit
,
and
what
by
daily
exercise
,
surely
he
had
few
fellowes
.
After
that
we
had
once
or
twise
met
,
and
vpon
certaine
points
or
articles
could
not
fully
and
throughly
agree
,
they
for
a
certaine
space
tooke
their
leaue
of
vs
,
and
departed
to
Bruxells
,
there
to
know
their
Princes
pleasure
.
I
in
the
meane
time
(
for
so
my
businesse
lay
)
went
straight
thence
to
Antwerpe
.
While
I
was
there
abiding
,
oftentimes
among
other
,
but
which
I
judged
to
be
a
Marriner
.
But
the
said
PETER
seeing
me
,
came
unto
me
and
saluted
me
.
And
as
I
was
about
to
answer
him
:
see
you
this
man
,
saith
he
(
and
therewith
he
pointed
to
the
man
,
that
I
saw
him
talking
with
before
)
I
was
minded
(
quoth
he
)
to
bring
him
straight
home
to
you
.
He
should
haue
beene
very
welcome
to
me
,
said
I
,
for
your
sake
.
Nay
(
quoth
he
)
for
his
owne
sake
,
if
you
knew
him
:
for
there
is
no
man
this
day
living
,
that
can
tell
you
of
so
many
strange
and
vnknowne
peoples
,
and
Countries
,
as
this
man
can
.
And
I
know
well
that
you
be
very
desirous
to
heare
of
such
newes
.
Then
I
conjectured
not
farre
amisse
(
quoth
I
)
for
even
at
the
first
sight
,
I
judged
him
to
be
a
Marriner
.
Nay
(
quoth
he
)
there
ye
were
greatly
deceived
:
he
hath
sayled
indeed
,
not
as
the
Mariner
Palinure
,
but
as
the
expert
&
prudent
Prince
VLYSSES
:
Yea
,
rather
as
the
ancient
and
Sage
Philosopher
Raphael
Hythloday
(
for
this
is
his
name
)
he
is
very
well
learned
in
the
Latine
tongue
:
but
profound
and
excellent
in
the
Greeke
language
.
Wherein
he
ever
bestowed
more
study
then
in
the
Latine
,
because
he
had
given
himselfe
wholly
to
the
study
of
Philosophy
.
Whereof
he
knew
that
there
is
nothing
certaine
in
Latine
,
that
is
to
any
purpose
,
saving
a
few
of
Senecaes
,
and
Ciceroes
doings
.
His
patrimonie
that
he
was
borne
unto
,
he
left
to
his
brethren
(
for
he
is
a
Portugall
borne
)
and
for
the
desire
he
had
to
see
▪
and
know
the
farre
Countries
of
the
world
,
he
joy
ned
himselfe
in
company
with
Americke
Vespuce
;
and
in
the
three
last
voyages
of
those
foure
that
be
now
in
prinr
,
and
abroad
in
every
mans
hands
,
he
continued
still
in
his
company
,
saving
that
in
the
last
voyage
he
came
not
home
againe
with
him
.
For
he
made
such
meanes
and
shift
,
what
by
intreatance
,
and
what
by
importune
suite
,
that
he
got
licence
of
Master
Americke
(
though
it
were
sore
against
his
will
)
to
be
one
of
the
twenty
foure
,
which
in
the
end
of
the
last
voyage
were
left
in
the
Country
of
Gulicke
.
He
was
therefore
left
behind
for
his
mind-sake
,
as
one
that
tooke
more
thought
and
care
for
travelling
,
then
dying
;
having
customably
in
his
mouth
these
sayings
:
He
that
bath
no
grave
,
is
covered
with
the
skie
;
and
,
The
way
to
heaven
,
out
of
all
places
,
is
of
like
length
and
distance
.
Which
fantasie
of
his
,
(
if
God
had
not
beene
his
better
friend
)
he
had
surely
bought
full
deere
.
But
after
the
departure
of
master
Vespuce
,
when
he
had
travelled
through
and
about
many
Countries
with
fiue
of
his
companions
Gulikians
;
at
the
last
by
mervailous
chance
he
arrived
in
Taprobane
,
from
whence
he
went
to
C●liquit
,
where
he
chanced
to
finde
certaine
of
his
Country
Ships
,
wherein
he
returned
againe
into
his
Country
,
nothing
lesse
then
looked
for
.
All
this
when
PETER
had
told
me
,
I
thanked
him
for
his
gentle
kindnesse
:
that
he
had
vouchsafed
to
bring
me
to
the
speech
of
that
man
,
whose
communication
,
he
thought
should
be
to
me
pleasant
,
and
acceptable
.
And
therewith
I
turned
me
to
Raphael
:
And
when
we
had
halsed
each
other
,
and
had
spoke
these
commune
words
,
that
he
customably
spoke
at
the
first
meeting
,
and
acquaintance
of
strangers
,
we
went
thence
to
my
house
,
and
there
in
my
Garden
,
vpon
a
bench
covered
with
greene
turves
,
we
sate
downe
talking
together
.
There
he
told
us
,
how
that
after
the
departing
of
Vespuce
,
he
and
his
fellowes
that
tarried
behind
in
Gulicke
,
began
by
little
and
little
,
through
farre
and
gentle
speech
,
to
winne
the
love
and
favour
of
the
people
of
that
Country
;
insomuch
,
that
within
short
space
,
they
did
dwell
among
them
,
not
onely
harmelesse
,
but
also
occupying
with
them
familiarly
.
He
told
vs
also
,
that
they
were
in
high
reputation
and
favour
with
a
certaine
great
man
(
whose
name
and
Countrey
is
now
quite
out
of
my
remembrance
)
which
of
his
meere
liberality
,
did
beare
the
costs
and
charges
of
him
and
his
fiue
companions
.
And
besides
that
,
gaue
them
a
trusty
guide
to
conduct
them
in
their
journey
(
which
by
water
was
in
Boats
,
and
by
land
in
Wagons
)
and
to
bring
them
to
other
Princes
with
very
friendly
commendations
.
Thus
after
many
dayes
journies
,
he
said
,
they
found
Townes
,
and
Cities
,
and
Weale
publiques
,
full
of
people
,
governed
by
good
and
wholsome
Lawes
:
for
under
the
line
Equinoctiall
,
and
on
both
sides
of
the
same
,
as
farre
as
the
Sunne
doth
extend
his
course
,
lyeth
(
quoth
he
)
great
and
wide
Desarts
,
and
Wildernesses
,
parched
,
burned
,
and
dried
vp
with
continuall
and
intollerable
heate
.
All
things
be
hideous
,
terrible
,
loathsome
,
and
unpleasant
to
behold
:
All
things
out
of
fashion
and
comelinesse
,
inhabited
with
wilde
Beasts
,
and
Serpents
;
or
at
the
least-wise
,
with
people
,
that
be
no
lesse
savage
,
wild
,
and
noysome
,
then
the
very
Beasts
themselues
be
.
But
a
little
farther
beyond
that
,
all
things
begin
by
little
and
little
to
waxe
pleasant
.
The
Ayre
soft
,
temperate
,
and
gentle
:
the
ground
covered
with
greene
gras●●
:
lesse
wildnesse
in
the
Beasts
.
At
the
last
shall
yee
come
to
people
,
Cities
and
Townes
,
wherein
is
continuall
entercourse
and
occupying
of
merchandize
and
chaffare
,
not
onely
among
themselues
,
and
with
their
Borderers
;
but
also
with
Merchant
,
of
farre
Countryes
,
both
by
land
and
water
.
There
I
had
occasion
(
said
he
)
to
goe
to
many
Countries
on
euery
side
.
For
there
was
no
ship
ready
to
any
voyage
or
journey
,
but
I
and
my
fellowes
were
into
it
very
In
his
face
did
shine
such
an
amiable
reverence
,
as
was
pleasant
to
behold
.
Gentle
in
communication
,
yet
earnest
,
and
sage
.
He
had
great
delight
many
times
with
rough
speech
to
his
suiters
,
to
proue
,
but
without
harme
,
what
prompt
wit
,
and
what
bold
spirit
were
in
every
man
.
In
the
which
as
in
a
vertue
much
agreeing
with
his
nature
,
so
that
therewith
were
not
joyned
impudency
,
he
tooke
great
delectation
.
And
the
same
person
as
apt
and
meet
to
haue
an
administration
in
the
Weale
publike
,
he
did
lovingly
imbrace
.
In
his
speech
he
was
fine
,
eloquent
and
pithie
.
In
the
Law
,
he
had
profound
knowledge
;
in
wit
,
he
was
incomparable
;
and
in
memory
,
wonderfull
excellent
.
These
qualities
,
which
in
him
were
by
nature
singular
,
he
by
learning
and
use
〈…〉
perfect
.
The
King
〈…〉
hi●
counsell
,
〈…〉
in
a
manner
learned
〈…〉
,
when
I
was
there
●
Fo●
even
in
the
chiefe
of
his
youth
hee
was
taken
from
Schoole
into
the
Court
,
and
there
passed
all
his
time
in
much
trouble
and
businesse
,
being
continually
tumbled
and
tossed
in
the
waves
of
divers
misfortunes
and
adversities
.
And
so
by
many
and
great
dangers
,
he
learned
the
experience
of
the
world
,
which
so
being
learned
,
cannot
easily
be
forgotten
.
It
chanced
on
a
certaine
day
,
when
I
sate
at
his
Table
,
there
was
also
a
certaine
lay
man
,
cunning
in
the
Lawes
of
your
Realme
:
Who
,
I
cannot
tell
,
whereof
taking
occasion
,
began
diligently
and
earnestly
to
praise
that
strait
and
rigorous
justice
,
which
at
that
time
was
there
executed
upon
Felonies
;
who
as
he
said
,
were
for
the
most
part
twenty
hanged
together
upon
one
gallowes
.
And
,
seeing
so
few
escaped
punishment
,
he
said
he
could
not
choose
,
but
greatly
wonder
and
marvaile
,
how
and
by
what
evill
luck
it
should
so
come
to
passe
,
that
Theeves
neverthelesse
were
in
every
place
so
rife
and
so
ranck
.
Nay
,
●ir
quoth
●
(
for
I
durst
boldly
speake
my
Black
●eath
field
,
and
a
little
before
that
,
out
of
the
warres
in
France
:
such
I
say
,
as
put
their
lives
in
jeopardy
for
the
Weale
publiques
,
or
the
Kings
sake
,
and
by
reason
of
weaknesse
and
lamenesse
bee
not
able
to
occupie
their
old
crafts
,
and
be
too
aged
to
learne
new
:
of
them
I
will
speake
nothing
,
for
asmuch
as
Warres
have
their
ordinary
recourse
.
But
let
us
consider
those
things
that
chance
daily
before
our
eyes
.
First
,
there
is
a
great
number
of
Gentlemen
,
which
cannot
bee
But
how
pernitious
and
pestilent
Therefore
,
that
one
covetous
and
unsatiable
Cormorant
,
and
very
plague
of
his
natiue
Country
,
Away
they
trudge
,
I
say
,
out
of
their
knowne
and
accustomed
houses
,
finding
no
place
to
rest
in
.
All
their
houshold-stuffe
,
which
is
very
little
worth
,
though
it
might
well
abide
the
sale
:
yet
being
suddainly
thrust
out
,
they
be
constrained
to
sell
it
for
a
thing
of
naught
.
And
For
after
that
so
much
ground
was
inclosed
for
pasture
,
an
infinite
multitude
of
sheepe
died
of
the
rot
,
such
vengeance
God
tooke
of
their
inordinate
and
unsatiable
covetousnesse
,
sending
among
the
sheepe
that
pestiferous
murrein
,
which
much
more
justly
should
haue
fallen
on
the
sheep-masters
owne
heads
.
And
though
the
number
of
sheepe
increase
never
so
fast
,
yet
the
price
But
first
they
buy
them
abroad
very
cheape
,
and
afterward
when
they
be
fatted
in
their
pastures
,
they
sell
them
againe
exceeding
deare
.
And
therefore
(
as
I
suppose
)
the
whole
incommodity
hereof
is
not
yet
felt
:
for
yet
they
make
dearth
onely
in
those
places
,
where
they
sell
.
But
when
they
shall
fetch
them
away
from
thence
where
they
be
bred
faster
then
they
can
be
bought
vp
:
then
shall
there
also
be
felt
great
dearth
,
store
beginning
there
to
faile
;
where
the
ware
is
bought
.
Thus
the
unreasonable
covetousnesse
Now
Baudes
,
queanes
,
whores
,
harlots
,
strumpets
,
brothel-houses
,
stewes
;
and
yet
another
stewes
,
wine-tauerns
,
ale-houses
,
and
tipling
houses
,
with
so
many
naughty
,
lewd
,
and
unlawfull
games
;
as
dice
,
Cardes
,
tables
,
tennis
,
boules
,
coytes
;
doe
not
all
these
send
the
haunters
of
them
straight
a
stealing
,
when
their
money
i
,
gone
?
Cast
ou●
these
pernicious
abhominations
;
make
a
law
,
that
they
which
,
plucked
downe
f●rmes
,
and
townes
of
husbandry
,
shall
reedifie
them
,
or
else
yeeld
,
and
vprender
the
possession
thereof
to
such
,
as
will
goe
to
the
cost
of
building
them
anew
.
Suffer
not
these
rich
men
to
But
if
they
would
thus
say
;
that
the
breaking
of
Iustice
,
and
the
transgression
of
lawes
is
recompenced
with
this
punishment
,
and
not
the
losse
of
the
money
,
then
why
may
not
this
extreame
and
rigorous
justice
well
be
called
plaine
injury
?
For
so
But
if
he
〈…〉
and
d●s●●i●●
〈…〉
more
danger
and
jeopardie
,
then
if
he
had
committed
but
single
fellony
.
Therefore
,
while
we
goe
about
with
such
cruelty
to
make
theeues
afraid
,
we
provoke
them
to
kill
good
men
.
Now
as
touching
this
question
,
what
punishment
were
more
commodious
and
better
:
that
truly
in
my
judgement
is
easier
to
be
found
then
what
punishment
might
be
worse
.
For
why
should
we
doubt
But
because
they
be
farre
from
the
Sea
,
compassed
and
inclosed
,
almost
round
about
with
high
mountaines
,
and
doe
content
themselues
with
the
fruits
of
their
owne
land
,
which
is
of
it selfe
very
fertill
and
fruitfull
:
for
this
cause
neither
they
goe
to
other
Countries
,
nor
other
come
to
them
.
And
according
to
the
old
custome
of
the
Land
,
they
desire
not
to
enlarge
the
bounds
of
their
Dominions
:
and
those
that
they
haue
,
by
reason
of
the
high
hills
,
be
easily
defended
:
and
the
tribute
which
they
pay
to
their
chiefe
Lord
and
King
,
setteth
them
quit
and
free
from
warfare
.
Thus
their
life
is
commodious
rather
then
gallant
,
and
may
better
be
called
happy
or
wealthy
,
then
notable
and
famous
:
For
they
be
not
knowne
,
as
much
as
by
name
,
I
suppose
saving
onely
to
their
next
neighbour
,
and
borders
.
They
that
in
this
Land
be
attained
and
convict
of
Fellony
,
make
restitution
of
that
which
they
stole
,
to
the
right
Againe
in
some
part
of
the
Moreover
it
is
so
little
feared
,
that
they
should
turne
againe
to
their
vicious
conditions
,
that
way-faring
men
will
for
their
safeguard
choose
them
to
their
guides
before
any
other
,
in
every
shiere
changing
and
taking
new
:
For
if
they
would
commit
robbery
,
they
haue
nothing
about
them
meete
for
that
purpose
.
They
may
touch
no
weapons
:
money
found
about
them
,
should
betray
the
robbery
.
They
should
be
no
sooner
taken
with
the
manner
,
but
forthwith
they
should
be
punished
.
Neither
can
they
haue
any
hope
at
all
to
scape
away
by
flying
:
For
how
should
a
man
,
that
in
no
part
of
his
apparell
is
like
other
men
,
flye
privily
and
vnknowne
,
vnlesse
he
would
runne
away
naked
?
Howbeit
,
so
also
flying
,
he
should
be
descri●d
by
the
rounding
of
his
head
,
and
his
c●re-marke
.
But
it
is
a
thing
to
be
doubted
,
that
they
will
lay
their
heads
together
,
and
conspire
against
the
Weale
publike
.
No
,
no
,
I
warrant
you
:
For
the
Servingmen
of
one
shiere
alone
,
could
never
hope
to
bring
to
passe
such
an
enterprise
,
without
solyciting
,
entising
,
and
alluring
the
Servingmen
of
many
other
sh●eres
to
take
their
parts
.
Which
thing
is
to
them
so
impossible
,
that
they
may
not
as
much
as
speake
or
talke
together
,
or
salute
one
another
.
No
,
it
●●
not
to
be
thought
that
they
would
make
their
owne
Countrymen
and
companions
of
their
counsell
in
such
a
matter
,
which
they
know
well
should
be
jeopardy
to
the
concealor
thereof
,
and
great
commodity
and
goodnesse
to
the
opener
and
detector
of
the
same
.
Whereas
on
the
other
part
,
there
is
none
of
them
all
hopelesse
or
in
despaire
to
recover
againe
his
former
estate
of
freedome
,
by
humble
obedience
,
by
patient
suffering
,
and
by
giving
good
tokens
and
likelihood
of
himselfe
,
that
he
will
ever
after
that
,
liue
like
a
true
,
and
an
honest
man
.
For
every
yeare
divers
of
them
be
restored
to
their
freedome
,
through
the
commendation
of
patience
.
When
I
had
thus
spoken
,
saying
moreover
,
that
I
could
see
no
cause
why
this
order
might
not
be
had
in
England
,
with
much
more
profit
,
then
the
Iustice
with
the
Lawyer
so
highly
praised
.
Nay
,
quoth
the
Lawyer
this
could
never
be
●o
stablished
in
England
,
but
that
it
must
needs
bring
the
Weale
publike
into
great
jeopardy
and
hazard
.
And
as
he
was
thus
saying
,
he
shaked
his
head
,
and
made
a
wry
mouth
,
and
so
he
held
his
peace
.
And
all
that
were
present
,
with
one
assent
agreed
to
his
saying
.
Well
,
quoth
the
Cardinall
,
yet
it
were
hard
to
judge
with
out
a
proofe
,
whether
this
order
would
doe
well
here
or
no.
But
when
the
sentence
of
death
is
given
,
if
then
the
King
should
command
execution
to
be
referred
and
spared
,
and
would
prove
this
order
and
fashion
,
taking
away
the
priviledge
of
Sanctuaries
:
if
then
the
proofe
should
declare
the
thing
to
be
good
and
profitable
,
then
it
were
well
done
that
it
were
stablished
:
Else
then
condemned
and
reprived
persons
may
as
well
be
put
to
death
after
this
proofe
,
as
when
they
were
first
cast
.
Neither
any
jeopardy
can
in
the
meane
space
grow
hereof
.
Yea
,
and
me
thinketh
that
these
Vagabonds
may
very
well
be
ordered
after
the
same
But
a
certaine
Fryar
,
graduate
in
divinity
,
tooke
such
pleasure
and
delight
in
this
jeasts
of
Priests
and
Monkes
,
that
he
also
(
being
else
a
man
of
gr●sly
and
Flanders
,
Brabant
,
and
all
Burgundy
;
with
divers
other
Lands
,
whose
Kingdomes
hee
hath
long
agoe
in
mind
and
purpose
invaded
.
Heere
,
whiles
one
counsaileth
to
conclude
a
League
of
Peace
with
the
Venetians
;
so
long
to
endure
,
as
shall
be
thought
meete
and
expedient
for
their
purpose
,
and
to
make
them
also
of
their
Councell
;
yea
and
besides
that
,
to
give
them
part
of
the
prey
,
Which
afterward
,
when
they
have
brought
their
purpose
about
,
after
their
owne
mindes
,
they
may
require
and
claime
again
?
Another
thinketh
best
to
hyre
the
Germans
:
Whiles
they
all
stay
at
the
chiefest
doubt
of
all
,
what
to
doe
in
the
meane
time
with
England
;
and
yet
agree
all
in
this
,
to
make
with
the
English-men
,
and
with
most
sure
and
strong
bonds
to
binde
that
weake
and
feeble
friendship
,
so
that
they
must
be
called
friends
,
and
had
in
suspition
as
enemies
.
And
that
therefore
the
Scots
must
be
had
in
a
readinesse
,
as
it
were
in
a
standing
,
ready
at
all
occasions
(
in
case
the
English-men
should
stir
never
so
little
)
incontinent
to
set
upon
them
.
And
moreover
,
privily
and
secretly
(
for
openly
it
may
not
be
done
,
by
the
Truce
that
is
taken
;
)
privily
therefore
,
I
say
,
to
make
much
of
some
Peere
of
England
,
that
is
banished
his
Countrey
,
which
must
clayme
Title
to
the
Crowne
of
the
Realme
,
and
affirme
himselfe
just
Inheritor
thereof
:
that
by
this
subtile
meanes
they
may
hold
to
them
the
King
,
in
whom
else
they
have
but
small
trust
and
affiance
.
Here
,
I
say
,
where
so
great
and
high
matters
be
in
consultation
▪
where
so
many
noble
and
wise
men
counsaile
their
King
onely
to
Warre
:
here
if
I
,
silly
man
,
should
rise
up
,
and
will
them
to
turne
over
the
Lea●e
,
and
learne
a
new
Lesson
,
saying
;
That
my
counsaile
is
not
to
meddle
with
Italie
,
but
to
tarry
still
at
home
;
and
that
the
Kingdome
of
France
alone
is
almost
greater
,
then
that
it
may
well
begoverned
of
one
man
;
so
that
the
King
should
not
need
to
study
how
to
get
more
:
And
then
should
propose
unto
them
the
Decrees
of
the
People
that
be
called
the
Ach●riens
,
which
be
scituate
over-against
the
Iland
of
Vtopia
,
on
the
South-east
side
.
These
Ach●riens
once
made
Furthermore
,
if
I
should
declare
vnto
them
,
that
all
this
busie
preparance
to
warre
,
whereby
so
many
Nations
for
his
sake
should
be
brought
into
a
troublesome
hurly-burly
,
when
all
his
Coffers
were
emptied
,
his
Treasures
wasted
,
and
his
people
destroyed
,
should
at
the
length
through
some
mischance
,
be
in
vaine
,
and
to
none
effect
:
and
that
therefore
it
were
best
for
him
to
content
himselfe
with
his
owne
Kingdome
of
France
,
as
his
fore-fathers
and
predecessors
did
before
him
;
to
make
much
of
it
,
to
enrich
it
,
and
to
make
it
as
flourishing
as
he
could
;
to
endevour
himselfe
to
loue
his
subjects
,
and
againe
to
be
beloved
of
them
;
willingly
to
liue
with
them
,
peaceably
to
governe
them
,
and
with
other
Kingdomes
not
to
meddle
,
seeing
that
which
he
hath
already
is
even
enough
for
him
,
yea
,
and
more
then
he
can
well
turne
him
to
.
This
mine
advice
,
Master
Moore
,
how
thinke
you
,
would
it
not
be
hardly
taken
?
So
God
helpe
me
,
not
very
thankfully
▪
(
quoth
I.
)
Well
let
vs
proceed
then
(
quoth
he
.
)
Suppose
that
some
King
and
his
Councell
were
together
,
whetting
their
wlts
,
and
devising
what
subtile
craft
they
might
invent
,
to
enrich
the
King
with
great
Treasures
of
Money
.
First
,
one
coun
saileth
to
raise
Another
counsaileth
to
faine
Another
putteth
the
King
Another
adviseth
him
to
forbid
many
things
vnder
great
Penalties
Another
giveth
the
king
counsel
to
endanger
vnto
●ns
Grace
the
Iudges
of
the
Realme
,
that
he
may
have
them
ever
on
his
side
,
and
that
they
may
in
every
matter
dispute
and
reason
for
the
Kings
right
.
Yea
,
and
further
to
call
them
into
his
Pallace
,
and
to
require
them
,
there
to
argue
and
discusse
his
matters
in
his
owne
presence
:
So
there
shall
be
no
matter
of
his
so
openly
wrong
and
unjust
,
wherein
one
or
other
of
them
,
either
because
he
will
have
something
to
alledge
and
object
;
or
that
he
is
ashamed
to
say
that
which
is
said
already
;
or
else
to
picke
a
thanke
with
his
Prince
,
will
not
finde
some
hole
open
to
set
a
snare
in
,
wherewith
to
take
the
contrary
part
in
a
trip
.
Thus
whiles
the
Iudges
cannot
agree
amongst
themselves
,
reasoning
and
arguing
of
that
which
is
plaine
enough
,
&
bringing
the
manifest
truth
in
doubt
:
in
the
meane
season
,
the
King
may
take
a
fit
occasion
to
understand
the
Law
as
shall
most
make
for
his
advantage
,
whereunto
all
other
for
shame
,
or
for
feare
will
agree
.
Then
the
Iudges
may
bee
bold
to
pronounce
on
the
Kings
side
:
for
hee
that
giveth
sentence
for
the
King
,
cannot
be
without
a
good
excuse
:
For
it
shall
be
sufficient
for
him
to
have
equity
on
his
part
,
or
the
bare
words
of
the
Law
,
a
wrythen
and
wrested
understanding
of
the
same
(
or
else
,
which
with
good
and
just
Iudges
is
of
greater
force
then
all
lawes
be
)
the
Kings
indisputable
Prerogative
.
To
conclude
,
all
the
Counsellers
agree
and
consent
together
with
the
For
all
that
men
have
,
yea
,
also
the
men
themselves
be
all
his
.
And
that
every
man
hath
so
much
of
his
owne
,
as
the
Kings
gentlenesse
hath
not
taken
from
him
.
And
that
it
shall
be
most
for
the
Kings
advantage
,
that
his
subjects
have
very
little
or
nothing
in
their
possession
,
as
whose
safeguard
doth
herein
consist
,
that
his
people
doe
not
waxe
wanton
and
wealthy
through
riches
and
liberty
,
because
where
these
things
be
,
there
men
be
not
wont
patiently
to
obey
hard
,
vnjust
,
and
vnlawfull
commandements
.
Whereas
on
the
other
part
,
need
and
poverty
doth
hold
downe
and
keepe
vnder
stout
courages
,
and
maketh
them
patient
perforce
,
taking
from
them
bold
and
rebelling
stomackes
.
Here
againe
if
I
should
rise
vp
,
and
boldly
affirme
,
that
all
these
counsels
be
to
the
King
dishonour
and
reproach
,
whose
honour
and
safety
is
more
and
rather
supported
and
vpholden
by
the
wealth
and
riches
of
his
people
,
then
by
his
owne
Treasures
?
and
if
I
should
declare
that
the
communalty
chooseth
their
king
for
their
owne
sake
,
and
not
for
his
sake
:
to
the
intent
,
that
through
his
labour
and
study
they
might
all
live
wealthy
,
safe
from
wrongs
and
injuries
:
and
that
therefore
the
King
ought
to
take
more
care
for
the
wealth
of
his
people
,
then
for
his
owne
wealth
,
even
as
the
office
and
duty
of
a
shepheard
is
in
that
he
is
a
shepheard
,
to
feed
his
sheepe
rather
then
himselfe
.
For
as
touching
this
,
that
they
thinke
the
defence
and
maintenance
of
peace
to
consist
in
poverty
of
the
people
,
the
thing
it self
sheweth
that
they
be
farre
out
of
the
way
:
For
where
shall
a
man
find
He
had
rather
be
a
Ruler
of
rich
men
,
then
be
rich
himselfe
.
And
verily
,
one
man
to
live
in
pleasure
and
wealth
,
whiles
all
all
other
weepe
and
smart
for
it
,
that
is
the
part
,
not
of
a
King
,
but
a
jaylour
.
To
be
short
,
as
he
is
a
foolish
Physitian
,
that
cannot
cure
his
patients
disease
,
vnlesse
he
cast
him
in
another
sicknesse
;
so
he
that
cannot
amend
the
liues
of
his
subjects
,
but
by
taking
from
them
the
wealth
and
commodity
of
life
:
he
must
needs
grant
,
that
he
knoweth
not
the
wealth
and
commodity
of
life
;
he
must
needs
grant
,
that
he
knoweth
not
the
feate
how
to
gouerne
men
,
But
let
him
rather
amend
his
owne
life
,
renounce
vnhonest
pleasures
,
and
forsake
pride
:
for
these
be
the
chiefe
vices
that
cause
him
to
runne
in
the
contempt
or
hatred
of
his
people
.
Let
him
liue
of
his
owne
,
●urting
no
man
:
Lee
him
do
cost
not
aboue
his
power
:
Let
him
restraine
wickednesse
:
Let
him
prevent
vices
,
and
take
away
the
occasions
of
offences
by
well-ordering
his
subjects
,
and
not
by
suffering
wickednes
to
encrease
,
afterward
to
be
punished
:
Let
him
not
be
too
hastie
in
calling
againe
lawes
which
a
custome
hath
abrogated
;
especially
such
as
have
been
●ong
forgotten
,
and
never
lacked
nor
needed
.
And
let
him
neuer
under
the
cloake
and
●●●tence
of
transgression
,
take
such
fines
and
forfeits
,
as
no
Iudge
will
suffer
a
private
person
to
take
,
as
unjust
and
full
of
guile
.
Here
if
I
should
bring
forth
before
them
the
Law
of
the
Macarie●s
,
And
seeing
the
King
could
not
choose
but
lay
out
and
bestow
all
that
came
in
at
one
the
prescript
summe
of
his
stocke
,
he
thought
he
would
seeke
no
occasions
to
doe
his
subjects
injury
.
Such
a
King
shall
be
feared
of
evill
men
and
loved
of
good
men
.
These
,
and
such
other
informations
,
it
I
should
vse
among
men
wholly
inclined
and
given
to
the
contrary
part
,
how
deafe
eares
thinke
you
shall
I
haue
?
Deafe
hearers
doubtlesse
(
quoth
I.
)
And
in
good
faith
no
mervaile
.
And
to
be
plaine
with
you
,
truly
I
cannot
allow
that
such
communication
shall
be
vsed
,
or
such
counsell
given
,
as
you
be
sure
shall
never
be
regarded
nor
received
:
For
how
can
so
strange
informations
be
profitable
,
or
how
can
they
be
beaten
into
their
heads
,
whose
minds
be
already
prevented
,
with
cleane
contrary
perswasions
?
This
Schoole
Philosophy
is
not
unpleasant
among
friends
in
familiar
communication
,
but
That
is
it
which
I
meant
(
quoth
he
)
when
I
said
Philosophy
had
no
place
among
Kings
.
Indeed
(
quoth
I
)
this
Schoole
philosophy
hath
not
:
which
thinketh
all
things
meet
for
every
place
.
But
there
is
another
Philosophy
more
civill
,
which
knoweth
,
as
ye
would
say
,
her
owne
stage
,
and
thereafter
ordering
and
behaving
her selfe
in
the
play
that
she
hath
in
hand
,
playeth
her
part
accordingly
with
comelinesse
,
vttering
nothing
out
of
due
order
and
fashion
.
And
this
is
the
Philosophy
that
you
must
vse
.
Or
else
whiles
a
Comody
of
So
the
case
standeth
in
a
Common-wealth
:
and
so
it
is
in
the
consultations
of
Kings
and
Princes
.
If
evill
opinions
and
naughty
perswasion
,
cannot
be
vtterly
&
quite
plucked
out
of
their
hearts
,
if
you
cannot
even
as
you
would
remedy
vices
,
which
vse
and
custome
hath
confirmed
:
yet
for
this
cause
you
must
not
leaue
and
forsake
the
Common-wealth
:
you
must
not
forsake
the
Ship
in
a
tempest
,
because
you
cannot
rule
and
keepe
downe
the
winds
.
No
nor
you
must
not
labour
to
driue
into
their
heads
new
and
strange
informations
,
which
you
know
well
shall
be
nothing
regarded
with
them
that
be
of
cleane
contrary
minds
.
But
you
must
with
a
crafty
wile
&
subtile
train
study
and
endevour
your selfe
,
as
much
as
in
you
lieth
,
to
handle
the
matter
wittily
and
handsomly
for
the
purpose
,
and
that
which
you
cannot
turne
to
good
,
so
to
order
it
that
it
be
not
very
bad
:
For
it
is
not
possible
for
all
things
to
be
well
,
vnlesse
all
men
were
good
:
which
I
think
will
not
be
yet
these
good
many
yeares
.
By
this
meanes
(
quoth
he
)
nothing
else
will
be
brought
to
passe
;
but
but
whiles
I
goe
about
to
remedy
the
madnesse
of
others
,
I
should
be
even
as
mad
as
they
:
For
if
I
should
speake
things
that
be
true
,
I
must
needs
speake
such
things
:
but
as
for
to
speake
false
things
,
whether
that
be
a
Philosophers
part
or
no
I
cannot
tell
,
truly
it
is
not
my
part
.
How beit
this
communication
of
mine
though
per
adventure
it
may
seeme
vnpleasant
to
them
,
yet
cannot
I
see
why
it
should
seeme
strange
,
or
foolishly
newfangled
.
If
so
be
that
I
should
speake
those
things
that
PLATO
faineth
in
his
Weale
publike
,
or
that
But
what
was
in
my
communication
contained
,
that
might
not
,
and
ought
not
in
any
place
to
be
spoken
?
Saving
that
to
them
which
haue
throughly
decreed
and
determined
with
themselves
to
runne
headlong
on
the
contrary
way
,
it
cannot
be
acceptable
and
pleasant
,
because
it
calleth
them
backe
,
and
sheweth
them
the
jeopardies
:
Verily
if
all
things
that
evill
and
vitious
manners
have
caused
to
seeme
vnconvenient
&
naught
should
be
refused
,
as
things
vnmeet
and
reproachfull
,
then
we
must
among
Christian
people
winke
at
the
most
part
of
all
those
things
which
Christ
taught
vs
,
and
so
straightly
forbad
them
to
be
wincked
at
,
that
those
things
also
which
he
whispered
in
the
eares
of
his
Disciples
,
he
commanded
to
be
proclaimed
in
open
houses
.
And
yet
the
most
part
of
them
is
more
dissident
from
the
manners
of
the
world
now
a
dayes
,
then
my
communication
was
.
But
Preachers
silly
and
wily
men
following
swarme
into
the
streetes
,
and
daily
wet
to
the
skin
with
raine
,
and
yet
cannot
perswade
them
to
goe
out
of
the
raine
,
and
to
take
their
house
,
knowing
well
,
that
if
they
should
goe
out
to
them
,
they
should
nothing
prevaile
,
nor
winne
ought
by
it
,
but
with
them
be
wet
also
in
the
raine
,
they
doe
keepe
themselves
within
their
houses
,
being
content
that
they
be
safe
themselves
,
seeing
they
cannot
remedy
the
folly
of
the
people
.
How
be
it
doubtlesse
Master
Moore
(
to
speake
truly
as
my
mind
giveth
me
)
where
possessions
be
private
,
where
money
beareth
all
the
stroake
,
it
is
hard
and
almost
impossible
that
there
the
Weale
publike
may
justly
be
governed
,
and
prosperously
flourish
;
vnlesse
you
thinke
thus
:
That
Iustice
is
there
executed
,
where
all
things
come
into
the
hands
of
evill
men
;
or
that
prosperity
there
flourisheth
,
where
all
is
divided
among
a
few
:
which
few
neverthelesse
doe
not
leade
their
liues
very
wealthily
,
and
the
residue
live
miserably
,
wretchedly
,
and
beggerly
.
Wherefore
,
when
I
consider
with
my selfe
,
and
weigh
in
my
mind
,
the
wise
and
godly
ordinances
of
the
Vtopians
;
among
whom
,
with
very
few
lawes
all
things
be
so
well
and
wealthy
ordered
,
that
vertue
is
had
in
a
price
and
estimation
,
and
yet
all
things
being
there
common
,
every
man
hath
abundance
of
every
thing
.
Ag●●●●e
,
on
the
other
part
,
when
I
compare
with
them
so
many
Nations
ever
making
new
lawes
,
yet
none
of
them
all
well
and
sufficiently
furnished
with
lawes
:
where
every
man
calleth
that
he
hath
gotten
,
his
owne
proper
and
private
goods
,
where
so
many
new
lawes
daily
made
,
be
not
sufficient
for
every
man
to
enjoy
,
defend
,
and
know
from
another
mans
that
which
he
calleth
his
owne
:
which
thing
the
infinite
controversies
in
the
law
,
daily
rising
,
never
to
be
ended
,
painly
declare
to
be
true
.
These
things
(
I
say
)
when
I
consider
with
my selfe
,
I
hold
well
with
For
the
wise
man
did
easily
fore-see
,
this
to
be
the
one
and
onely
way
to
the
wealth
of
a
communalty
,
it
equality
of
all
things
should
be
brought
in
and
stablished
.
Which
I
thinke
is
not
possible
to
be
observed
,
where
every
mans
goods
be
proper
and
peculiar
to
himselfe
:
For
where
every
man
under
certaine
titles
and
pretences
draweth
,
and
plucketh
to
himselfe
as
much
as
he
can
;
so
that
a
few
divide
among
themselves
all
the
whole
riches
,
be
there
never
so
much
abundance
and
store
,
there
to
the
residue
is
left
lacke
and
poverty
.
And
for
the
most
part
it
chanceth
,
that
this
latter
sort
is
more
worthy
to
enjoy
that
sta●e
of
wealth
,
then
the
other
be
:
because
the
rich
men
be
covetous
crafty
,
and
vnprofitable
.
On
the
other
part
,
the
poore
be
lowly
,
simple
,
and
by
their
daily
labour
,
more
profitable
to
the
common-wealth
,
then
to
themselues
.
Thus
I
do
fully
perswade
my selfe
,
that
no
equall
and
just
distribution
of
things
can
be
made
,
nor
that
perfect-wealth
shall
ever
be
among
men
,
vnle●le
this
propriety
be
exiled
and
banished
.
But
so
long
as
it
shall
continue
,
so
long
shall
remaine
among
the
most
and
best
part
of
men
,
the
heauy
and
inevitable
burthen
of
poverty
and
wretchednesle
.
Which
,
as
I
grant
that
it
may
be
somewhat
cased
,
so
I
vtterly
deny
that
it
can
wholly
to
be
taken
away
:
For
if
there
were
a
Statute
made
,
that
no
man
should
haue
in
his
stocke
aboue
a
prescript
and
appointed
summe
of
money
:
if
it
were
by
certaine
Lawes
decreed
,
that
neither
the
King
should
bee
of
too
great
power
,
neither
the
People
too
haughty
and
wealthy
;
and
that
Offices
should
not
by
inordinate
sute
,
or
by
bribes
and
guifts
:
that
they
should
neither
bee
bought
nor
sold
;
nor
that
it
should
be
needfull
for
the
Officers
,
to
be
at
any
cost
or
charge
in
their
Offices
:
For
so
occasion
●●
given
to
them
by
fraud
and
ravine
to
gather
up
their
money
againe
;
and
by
reason
of
guifts
and
bribes
,
the
Offices
be
given
to
rich
men
,
which
should
r●ther
have
beene
executed
of
Wise
men
:
By
such
lawes
I
say
,
like
as
Sicke
bodies
that
be
desperate
and
past
cure
,
be
wont
with
continuall
good
cherishing
to
be
kept
and
botched
up
for
a
time
:
so
these
evils
also
may
be
lightned
and
mitigated
.
But
that
they
may
be
perfectly
cured
,
brought
to
a
good
and
upright
state
,
it
is
not
to
be
hoped
for
,
whiles
every
man
is
Master
of
his
owne
to
himselfe
.
Yea
,
and
whiles
you
goe
about
to
doe
your
cure
of
one
part
,
you
shall
make
bigger
the
sore
of
another
part
,
so
the
helpe
of
one
causeth
anothers
harme
:
for
asmuch
,
as
nothing
can
be
given
to
any
one
unlesse
it
be
taken
from
another
.
But
I
am
of
a
contrary
opinion
(
quoth
I
)
for
me
thinketh
that
men
shall
never
there
live
wealthy
,
where
all
things
bee
common
:
For
how
can
there
be
abundance
of
goods
,
or
of
any
thing
,
where
every
man
withdraweth
his
hand
from
labour
?
Whom
the
regard
of
his
owne
gaines
driveth
not
to
worke
,
but
the
hope
that
he
hath
in
other
mens
travailes
maketh
him
sloathfull
.
Then
when
they
be
pricked
with
poverty
,
and
yet
no
man
can
by
any
law
or
right
defend
that
for
his
owne
,
which
he
hath
gotten
with
the
labor
of
his
own
hands
,
shall
not
there
of
necessity
be
continuall
sedition
and
bloodshed
?
Specially
the
authority
and
reverence
of
Magistrates
,
being
taken
away
,
which
,
what
place
it
may
have
with
such
men
among
whom
is
no
difference
,
I
cannot
devise
.
I
marvaile
not
(
quoth
he
)
that
you
be
of
this
opinion
.
For
you
conceiue
in
your
mind
either
none
at
all
,
or
else
a
very
false
Image
and
similitude
of
this
thing
.
But
if
you
had
beene
with
me
in
Vtopia
,
and
had
presently
seene
their
fashions
and
lawes
,
as
I
did
,
which
lived
there
fiue
yeares
,
and
more
,
&
wold
never
haue
come
thence
,
but
onely
to
make
that
new
land
knowne
heere
:
Then
doubtlesse
you
would
grant
,
that
you
never
saw
people
well
ordered
,
but
onely
there
.
Surely
(
quorh
Master
PETER
)
it
shall
be
hard
for
you
to
make
me
beleeve
,
that
there
is
better
order
in
that
New
Land
,
then
is
here
in
the
Countries
that
we
know
.
For
good
wits
be
as
well
here
as
there
:
and
I
thinke
our
Common-wealths
be
ancienter
then
theirs
;
wherein
long
vse
and
experience
hath
found
out
many
things
commodious
for
mans
life
;
besides
that
many
things
here
among
vs
have
beene
found
by
chance
,
which
no
wit
could
ever
have
devised
.
As
touching
the
ancientnesse
(
quoth
he
)
of
Common-wealths
,
then
,
you
might
better
judge
if
you
had
read
the
Histories
,
and
Chronicles
of
that
land
,
which
,
if
we
may
beleeue
,
Cities
were
there
,
before
men
were
heere
.
Now
what
thing
soever
hitherto
by
wit
hath
beene
devised
,
or
found
by
chance
,
that
might
be
as
well
there
as
heere
.
But
I
thinke
verily
,
though
it
were
so
that
we
did
passe
them
in
wit
:
yet
in
study
,
in
trauell
,
and
in
laboursome
endevour
,
they
farre
passe
vs
:
For
(
as
their
Chronicles
testifie
)
before
our
arrivall
there
they
never
heard
any
thing
of
vs
,
whom
they
call
the
Vltraequinoctialles
:
saving
that
once
about
1200
yeares
agoe
,
a
certaine
Ship
was
lost
by
the
I●●
of
Vtopia
,
which
was
driven
thither
by
tempest
.
Certaine
Romans
and
Egyptians
were
cast
on
Land
.
Which
after
that
never
went
thence
.
Marke
now
what
profit
they
tooke
of
this
one
occasion
through
diligence
and
earnest
trauaile
.
There
was
no
craft
nor
science
within
the
Empire
of
Rome
whereof
any
profit
could
rise
,
but
they
either
learned
it
of
these
strangers
,
or
else
of
them
,
taking
occasion
to
search
for
it
,
found
it
out
.
So
great
profit
was
it
to
them
that
ever
any
went
thither
,
from
hence
.
But
if
any
like
chance
before
this
hath
brought
any
man
from
thence
hither
,
that
is
as
quite
out
of
remembrance
,
as
this
also
perchance
in
time
to
come
shall
be
forgotten
,
that
ever
I
was
there
.
And
like
as
they
quickly
almost
at
the
first
meeting
,
made
their
owne
,
whatsoever
is
among
us
wealthily
devised
:
So
I
suppose
it
would
be
long
before
we
should
receive
any
thing
,
that
among
them
is
better
instituted
then
among
us
.
And
this
I
suppose
is
the
chiefe
cause
why
their
common-wealths
be
wiselyer
governed
,
and
doe
flourish
in
more
wealth
then
ours
,
though
wee
neither
in
wit
nor
riches
be
their
inferiours
.
Therefore
gentle
Master
Raphael
(
quoth
I
)
I
pray
you
and
beseech
you
describe
vnto
us
the
Iland
.
And
study
not
to
bee
short
:
but
declare
largely
in
order
their
Grounds
,
their
Rivers
,
their
Cities
,
their
People
,
their
Manners
,
their
Ordinances
,
their
Lawes
,
and
to
bee
short
,
all
things
that
you
shall
thinke
us
desirous
to
know
.
And
you
sha●l
thinke
us
desirous
to
know
whatsoever
we
know
not
yet
.
There
is
nothing
(
quoth
hee
)
that
I
will
doe
gl●dlier
.
For
all
these
things
I
have
fresh
in
minde
:
But
the
matter
requireth
leisure
.
Let
us
goe
in
therefore
(
quoth
I
)
to
dinner
,
and
afterward
wee
will
bestow
the
time
at
our
pleasure
.
Content
(
quoth
hee
)
be
it
.
So
wee
went
in
and
dined
.
When
dinner
was
done
,
we
came
into
the
same
place
againe
,
and
sate
us
downe
upon
the
same
bench
,
commanding
our
servants
that
no
man
should
trouble
us
.
Then
I
and
Master
Peter
Giles
,
desired
Master
Raphael
to
performe
his
promise
.
Hee
therefore
seeing
us
desirous
and
willing
to
hearken
to
him
,
when
he
had
sate
still
and
paused
a
little
while
,
musing
and
bethinking
himselfe
,
thus
he
began
to
speake
.
The
end
of
the
first
Booke
.
THE
SECOND
BOOKE
of
the
Communication
of
RAPHAEL
HYTHLODAY
,
concerning
the
best
State
of
a
COMMON-WEALTH
.
Containing
the
Description
of
VTOPIA
,
with
a
large
declaration
of
the
politike
government
,
and
of
all
the
good
Lawes
and
Orders
of
the
same
Iland
.
THe
Iland
of
VTOPIA
,
Thus
the
worke
being
divided
into
so
great
a
number
of
workemen
,
Of
these
Cities
,
they
that
be
nighest
together
be
twenty
foure
miles
asunder
.
Againe
,
there
is
none
of
them
distant
from
the
next
,
aboue
one
dayes
journey
a
foot
.
There
come
yearely
to
Amaurote
,
out
of
every
City
,
three
old
men
wise
and
well
experienced
,
there
to
intreate
and
debate
,
of
the
common
matters
of
the
Land
.
For
this
City
(
because
it
standeth
just
in
the
midst
of
the
Iland
,
and
is
therefore
most
meet
for
the
Ambassadours
of
all
parts
of
the
Realme
)
is
taken
for
the
chiefe
and
head
Citty
.
The
This
order
is
vsed
for
feare
that
either
scarcenesse
of
victuals
,
or
some
other
like
incommodity
should
chance
,
through
lacke
of
knowledge
:
if
they
should
be
altogether
new
,
and
fresh
,
and
vnexpert
in
husbandry
.
This
manner
and
fashion
,
of
yearely
changing
and
renewing
the
occupiers
of
husbandry
,
though
it
be
solemne
and
customably
vsed
,
to
thinke
that
no
man
shall
be
constrained
against
his
will
to
continue
long
in
that
hard
and
sharp
kind
of
life
;
yet
many
of
them
have
such
a
pleasure
and
delight
Of
the
Cities
,
and
namely
Amaurote
.
AS
for
the
Cities
,
who
so
knoweth
one
of
them
,
knoweth
them
all
:
they
be
all
so
like
one
to
another
,
as
farre
forth
as
the
nature
of
the
place
permitteth
.
I
will
describe
to
you
one
or
other
of
them
,
for
it
skilleth
not
greatly
which
:
but
which
rather
then
Amaurote
?
Of
them
all
,
this
is
the
worthiest
and
of
most
dig●i●y
▪
another
River
which
indeed
is
not
very
great
.
But
it
runneth
gently
and
pleasantly
:
For
it
riseth
even
out
of
the
same
hill
that
the
City
standeth
vpon
,
and
runneth
downe
a
slope
through
the
middest
of
the
City
into
A●yder
.
And
because
it
riseth
a
little
without
the
City
,
the
Amauritians
have
inclosed
the
head
spring
of
it
,
with
strong
fences
,
and
Bulwarkes
,
and
so
have
joyned
it
to
the
City
.
This
is
done
to
the
intent
that
the
water
In
them
they
have
Vine-yards
,
all
manner
of
Fruit
,
Hearbes
,
and
Flowers
,
so
pleasant
,
so
well
furnished
,
and
so
finely
kept
,
that
I
never
saw
thing
more
fruitfull
,
nor
better
trimmed
in
any
place
.
Their
study
and
diligence
herein
commeth
not
onely
of
pleasure
,
but
also
of
a
certaine
strife
and
contention
that
is
betweene
street
and
street
,
concerning
the
trimming
,
husbanding
,
and
furnishing
of
their
Gardens
:
every
man
for
his
owne
part
.
A●d
verily
you
shall
not
lightly
find
in
all
the
Citty
any
thing
,
that
is
more
commodious
,
either
for
the
profit
of
the
Citizens
,
or
for
pleasure
.
And
therefore
it
may
seeme
that
the
first
founder
of
the
City
minded
nothing
so
much
,
as
these
Gardens
.
For
they
say
that
King
Vtopus
himselfe
,
even
at
the
first
beginning
,
appointed
and
drew
forth
the
plat-forme
of
the
City
into
this
fashion
and
figure
that
it
hath
now
,
but
the
gallant
garnishing
,
and
the
beautifull
setting
forth
of
it
,
whereunto
he
saw
that
one
mans
age
would
not
suffice
,
that
he
left
to
his
posterity
.
For
their
Chronicles
which
they
keepe
written
with
all
diligent
circumspection
,
containing
the
History
of
1760
yeares
,
even
from
the
first
conquest
of
the
Iland
,
record
and
witnesse
that
the
house
▪
in
the
beginning
were
very
low
,
and
like
homely
cottage
▪
or
poore
shepheard
houses
,
made
at
all
adventures
of
every
rude
peece
of
timber
,
that
came
first
to
hand
,
with
mud
walls
,
&
ridged
roofes
,
thatched
over
with
straw
.
But
new
the
houses
be
curiously
builded
after
a
gorgious
and
g●llant
●ort
,
with
●●●●●●●●●es
one
over
another
.
The
out-sides
of
y●
wall●
be
made
either
of
hand
fi●●t
,
or
of
Plaister
,
or
else
of
brick
,
and
the
inner-sides
be
well
strengthened
with
timber
work
.
The
roofes
be
plain
and
●●●t
,
covered
with
a
certaine
kind
of
Plaster
,
that
is
of
●o
cost
,
and
yet
so
tempered
that
●o
fire
can
hurt
or
perish
it
▪
&
withstandeth
the
violence
of
the
weather
Of
the
Magistrates
.
EVery
thirty
Fa●●es
o●
F●rme
,
choose
them
yearely
an
Officer
,
which
in
their
old
language
is
called
the
Syphogrant
,
and
by
a
newer
name
,
the
Philarch.
Every
tenne
Siphogrants
,
with
all
their
thirty
families
be
vnde
an
Officer
,
which
was
once
c●lled
the
Tranibore
,
For
their
garments
,
which
throughout
all
the
Iland
be
of
Which
,
neverthelesse
is
almost
every
where
the
life
of
workmen
And
truly
you
shall
find
them
much
fewer
then
you
thought
,
by
whose
labour
all
these
things
are
wrought
,
that
in
mens
affaires
are
now
daily
vsed
and
frequented
.
Now
consider
with
your selfe
,
of
these
few
that
doe
worke
,
how
few
be
occupyed
,
in
necessary
workes
:
For
where
money
But
if
all
these
,
that
be
now
busied
about
unprofitable
occupations
,
with
all
the
whole
fo●ke
of
them
that
live
idlely
&
sloathfully
,
which
consume
and
wast
every
one
of
them
more
of
these
things
that
come
by
other
mens
labour
,
then
two
of
the
workmen
themselves
doe
:
if
all
these
(
I
say
)
were
set
to
profitable
occupations
:
you
easily
perceive
how
little
time
would
be
enough
,
yea
,
and
too
much
to
store
vs
with
all
things
that
may
be
requisite
either
for
necessity
or
commodity
,
yea
or
for
pleasure
,
so
that
the
same
pleasure
be
true
and
naturall
.
And
this
in
Viopia
the
thing
it selfe
maketh
manifest
and
plaine
.
For
there
in
all
the
City
with
the
whole
Country
,
or
Shire
adjoyning
to
it
,
scarcely
fiue
hundred
persons
of
all
the
whole
number
of
men
and
women
,
that
be
neither
too
old
nor
too
weake
to
worke
,
be
licensed
and
discharged
from
labour
.
Among
them
be
the
Syphogrants
The
fame
vocation
from
labour
doe
they
also
enjoy
,
to
whom
the
people
perswaded
by
the
commendation
of
the
Priests
,
and
secret
election
of
the
Syphogrant●
,
have
given
a
perpetuall
licence
,
from
labour
to
learning
.
But
if
any
one
of
them
prove
not
according
to
the
expectation
and
hope
of
him
conceived
,
he
is
forthwith
plucked
backe
to
the
company
of
artificers
.
And
contrariwise
,
and
often
it
chanceth
that
a
handicrafts
man
doth
so
earnestly
bestow
his
vacant
and
spare
houres
in
learning
,
and
through
diligence
so
profiteth
therein
,
that
he
is
taken
from
his
handy
occupation
,
and
promoted
to
the
company
of
the
learned
.
The
residue
of
the
people
being
neither
idle
,
nor
yet
occupyed
about
vnprofitable
exercises
,
it
may
be
easily
judged
in
how
few
houres
how
much
good
worke
by
them
may
be
done
and
dispatched
,
towards
those
things
that
I
have
spoken
off
.
This
commodity
they
have
also
above
other
,
that
in
the
most
part
of
necessary
occupations
they
need
not
so
much
worke
,
as
other
nations
doe
.
For
first
of
all
the
building
or
repairing
of
houses
asketh
But
among
the
Vtopians
,
where
all
thing
be
set
in
good
order
,
and
the
Common-wealth
in
a
good
stay
,
it
seldome
chanceth
,
that
they
choose
a
new
plot
to
build
an
house
●pon
.
And
they
doe
not
onely
find
speedy
〈…〉
quicke
remedies
for
present
〈…〉
but
also
prevent
them
th●●
be
like
to
fall
.
And
by
〈…〉
their
houses
con●…
l●st
very
long
with
little
labour
and
sm●ll
reparations
,
●●omuch
that
these
kind
of
workemen
sometimes
have
almost
●…hing
to
doe
.
But
that
●●●y
●e
commanded
to
hew
tim●er
at
home
,
and
to
square
and
〈…〉
vp
stones
,
to
the
intent
that
if
any
worke
chance
,
it
may
the
speed●●●r
●…se
.
Now
Sir
,
in
Of
their
living
and
mutuall
conversation
together
.
But
now
will
I
declare
how
the
Citizens
vse
themselves
one
to
another
:
what
familiar
occupying
and
entertainment
,
there
i●
among
the
people
,
and
what
fashion
they
vse
in
the
distribution
of
every
thing
.
First
,
the
City
consisteth
of
●●●●lie
,
the
f●●●lies
most
co●●o●ly
be
made
of
ki●●●d
.
For
the
women
when
they
be
married
●●
a
l●●full
●ge
,
they
goe
into
their
husb●●ds
house
.
But
the
male
Children
,
with
all
the
whole
〈…〉
off-spring
〈…〉
still
in
their
〈…〉
fi●●●●
〈…〉
be
governed
of
the
〈…〉
he
dote
for
age
:
for
then
the
next
to
him
in
age
,
is
placed
in
his
roome
.
But
to
the
intent
the
prescript
number
of
the
citizens
And
if
they
resist
and
rebell
,
then
they
make
warre
against
them
.
For
they
count
this
the
most
just
cause
of
warre
,
when
any
people
holdeth
a
piece
of
ground
voyd
and
vacant
to
no
good
nor
profitable
use
,
keeping
other
from
the
use
and
possession
of
it
,
which
notwithstanding
by
the
law
of
Nature
ought
thereof
to
be
nourished
and
relieved
.
If
any
chance
doe
so
much
diminish
the
number
of
any
of
their
Cities
,
that
it
cannot
bee
filled
up
againe
,
without
the
diminishing
of
the
just
number
of
the
other
Cities
(
which
they
say
chanced
but
twice
since
the
beginning
of
the
Land
,
through
a
great
pestilent
Plague
)
then
they
fulfill
and
make
up
the
number
with
Citizen
,
fet●hed
out
of
their
owne
forraigne
Townes
,
for
they
had
rather
suffer
their
forraigne
townes
to
decay
and
perish
,
then
any
City
of
their
owne
I●and
to
be
diminished
.
But
now
againe
to
the
conversation
of
the
Citizens
among
themselves
.
hands
of
their
Bondmen
:
for
they
permit
not
their
free
Citizens
But
first
and
chiefely
of
all
,
respect
is
had
to
the
sicke
,
These
Hospitals
be
so
well
appointed
,
and
with
all
things
necessary
to
health
so
furnished
,
and
moreover
so
diligent
attendance
through
the
continuall
presence
of
cunning
Physitians
is
given
,
that
though
no
man
be
sent
t●●ther
against
his
will
,
yet
notwithstanding
there
is
no
sicke
person
in
all
the
City
,
that
had
not
rather
lye
there
then
at
home
at
his
owne
house
.
When
the
steward
of
the
sicke
hath
received
such
meates
as
the
Physitians
haue
prescribed
,
then
the
best
is
equally
divided
among
the
halls
according
to
the
company
of
every
one
,
saving
there
is
had
a
respect
to
the
Prince
,
the
Bishop
,
the
Tranibores
,
and
to
Ambassadours
and
all
strangers
,
if
there
be
any
,
which
be
very
few
and
seldome
.
But
they
also
when
they
be
there
,
have
certaine
severall
houses
appointed
and
prepared
for
them
.
To
these
halls
at
the
set
houres
of
dinner
and
supper
,
commeth
all
the
whole
Syphograntie
or
Ward
,
warned
by
the
noise
of
a
brazen
Trumpet
:
except
such
as
be
sicke
in
the
Hospitals
,
or
else
in
their
owne
houses
.
Howbeit
,
no
man
is
prohibited
In
this
hall
,
all
vile
service
,
and
all
slavery
,
with
all
laboursome
toyle
,
and
drudgery
,
and
base
businesse
,
is
done
by
bondmen
.
But
the
women
of
every
This
they
say
,
was
ordeined
,
to
the
intent
that
the
sage
gravity
and
reverence
of
the
elders
should
keepe
the
youngers
from
wanton
licence
of
words
and
behaviour
.
For
as
much
as
nothing
can
be
so
secretly
spoken
or
done
at
the
table
,
but
either
they
that
sit
on
the
one
side
or
on
the
other
,
must
needs
perceive
Of
their
journying
or
travelling
abroad
,
with
divers
other
matters
cunningly
reasoned
,
and
wittily
discussed
.
BVt
if
any
be
desirous
to
visite
either
their
friends
dwelling
in
another
City
,
or
to
see
the
place
it selfe
,
they
easily
obtaine
licence-of
the
Syphogrants
and
Tranibores
,
vnlesse
there
be
some
profitable
let
.
No
man
goeth
out
alone
but
a
company
is
sent
forth
togither
with
their
Princes
letters
,
who
doe
testifie
that
they
have
licence
to
go
that
journey
,
and
prescribeth
also
the
day
of
their
returne
.
They
haue
a
Waine
given
them
,
with
a
common
bondman
,
which
driveth
the
oxen
,
and
taketh
charge
of
them
.
But
vnlesse
they
haue
Women
in
their
Company
,
they
send
home
the
waine
againe
,
as
an
impediment
and
let
.
And
though
they
carry
nothing
forth
with
them
,
yet
in
all
their
journey
they
lacke
nothing
.
For
wheresoever
they
come
,
they
be
at
home
.
If
they
tary
in
a
place
longer
then
one
day
,
then
there
every
one
of
them
falleth
to
his
owne
occupation
,
and
be
very
gently
entertained
of
the
workemen
and
companies
of
the
same
crafts
.
If
any
man
of
his
owne
head
and
without
leaue
,
walke
out
of
his
precinct
and
bounds
,
taken
without
the
Princes
letters
,
he
is
brought
againe
for
a
fugitive
,
or
a
run-away
with
great
shame
and
rebuke
,
and
is
sharply
punished
.
If
he
be
taken
in
that
fault
againe
,
he
is
punished
with
bondage
.
If
any
be
desirous
to
walke
abroad
into
the
fields
,
or
into
the
Countrey
that
belongeth
to
the
same
City
that
hee
dwelleth
in
,
obtaining
the
good
will
of
his
Father
,
and
the
consent
of
his
Wife
,
he
is
not
prohibited
.
But
into
what
part
of
the
Countrey
soever
he
commeth
,
he
hath
no
meat
given
him
untill
he
have
wrought
out
his
forenoones
task
,
or
dispatched
so
much
worke
,
as
there
is
wont
to
be
wrought
before
supper
.
Observing
this
law
and
condition
,
he
may
goe
whither
he
will
within
the
bounds
of
his
owne
City
.
For
hee
shall
be
no
lesse
profitable
to
the
City
,
then
if
he
were
within
it
.
Now
you
see
how
little
liberty
they
have
to
loyter
:
how
they
can
haue
no
cloake
or
pretence
to
Idlenesse
.
This
fashion
and
trade
of
li●e
,
being
vsed
among
the
people
,
it
cannot
be
chosen
,
but
that
they
must
of
necessity
have
store
and
plenty
of
all
things
.
And
seeing
Now
therefore
they
care
not
whether
they
sell
for
ready
money
,
or
else
upon
trust
to
be
paid
at
a
day
,
and
to
have
the
most
part
in
debts
.
But
in
so
For
it
must
needes
be
,
that
how
far
a
thing
is
dissonant
and
disagreeing
,
from
the
guise
&
trade
of
the
hearers
,
so
farre
shall
it
be
out
of
their
beleefe
.
Howbeit
,
a
wise
and
indifferent
esteemer
of
things
,
will
not
greatly
meruaile
perchance
,
seeing
all
their
other
lawes
and
customes
doe
so
much
differ
from
ours
,
if
the
vse
also
of
gold
and
silver
among
them
be
applied
,
rather
to
their
owne
fashions
,
then
to
ours
.
I
meane
in
that
they
occupy-not
money
themselves
,
but
keepe
it
for
that
chance
,
which
as
it
may
happen
,
so
it
may
be
,
that
it
shall
never
come
to
passe
.
In
the
mean
time
,
gold
and
silver
,
whereof
money
is
made
,
they
doe
so
vse
,
as
none
of
them
doth
more
esteeme
it
,
then
the
very
nature
of
the
thing
deserveth
.
And
then
who
doth
not
plainly
see
,
how
farre
it
is
vnder
Iron
:
Finally
,
whosoever
for
a
●●●●●sence
be
●●●●med
,
by
their
〈…〉
,
These
Ambassadours
came
to
Amauro●e
,
wh●les
I
was
there
.
So
there
came
in
foure
Ambassadours
with
one
hundred
s●rvant
,
all
apparelled
in
changeable
colour●
:
the
mo●t
of
them
in
●●●kes
:
the
Ambassadours
themselves
(
for
●t
home
●●
their
owne
Country
they
were
noble
me●
)
●●
〈◊〉
of
gold
,
with
great
〈◊〉
●●
gold
,
with
gold
hanging
●●
then
〈…〉
gold
〈◊〉
vpon
their
fingers
,
〈…〉
and
〈◊〉
of
gold
vp●
th●…
,
which
glistered
full
of
pearles
and
precious
sto●ies
:
to
be
short
trimmied
and
adorned
with
all
those
things
,
which
among
the
Vtopians
were
either
the
punishment
of
bondmen
,
or
the
reproach
of
infamed
persons
,
or
else
trifies
for
young
children
to
play
withall
.
Therefore
it
would
have
done
a
man
good
at
his
heart
,
to
have
seene
how
proudly
they
displayed
their
Peacocks
feathers
,
how
much
they
made
of
their
painted
sheathes
,
and
how
lottily
they
set
forth
and
advanced
themselves
,
when
they
compared
their
gallant
apparell
,
with
the
poore
r●iment
of
the
Vt●pians
.
For
all
the
people
were
s●●rmed
forth
into
the
streets
.
And
on
the
other
side
,
it
was
no
lesse
pleasure
to
consider
how
much
they
were
deceived
,
and
how
farre
they
m●led
of
then
purpose
being
contrary
wayes
taken
,
then
they
thought
they
should
have
beene
.
For
so
the
eyes
of
all
the
Vtopians
,
except
very
few
,
which
had
beene
in
other
Countries
,
for
some
reasonable
cause
,
all
that
gorgiousnesse
of
apparell
,
seemed
shamefull
and
reproachfull
.
Insomuch
that
they
most
reverently
saluted
the
v●lest
and
most
abject
of
them
for
Lords
:
judged
them
by
then
we●●ing
of
Golden
ch●●nes
to
be
Bondmen
.
Yea
you
should
have
●●●e
Children
also
,
that
had
cast
away
their
Pearles
and
precious
stor●es
,
when
they
saw
the
like
sticking
upon
the
Ambassadors
caps
:
digge
and
push
their
mothers
under
the
sides
,
saying
thus
to
them
.
Looke
mother
how
great
a
lubber
doth
yet
weare
pearles
and
precious
But
the
Mother
,
yea
,
and
that
also
in
good
earnest
:
Peace
sonne
,
saith
shee
:
I
thinke
he
be
some
of
the
Ambassadours
fooles
.
Some
found
fault
at
their
Golden
chaynes
,
as
to
no
use
nor
purpose
,
being
so
small
and
weake
,
that
a
bondman
might
ea●ily
breake
them
,
and
againe
so
wide
and
large
,
that
when
it
pleased
him
,
he
might
cast
them
off
,
and
runne
away
at
liberty
whether
he
would
.
But
when
the
Ambassadours
had
been
th●re
a
day
or
two
,
and
saw
so
great
abundance
of
Gold
so
light●y
●…d
,
〈…〉
lesse
reproach
,
〈…〉
them
〈…〉
that
,
more
gold
in
the
〈◊〉
and
gyve
▪
or
one
●●gitive
bondman
,
then
all
the
●●●tly
ornaments
of
them
three
〈◊〉
worth
:
they
began
to
abate
their
courage
,
and
for
very
sh●●e
●ud
away
all
that
gorgious
array
,
whereof
they
were
so
proud
.
And
specially
when
they
●●d
●●lked
familiarly
with
the
〈◊〉
,
and
had
learned
all
their
●●●hions
and
opinions
.
For
they
〈◊〉
that
any
men
be
●o
foolish
,
as
to
Or
that
any
〈…〉
to
〈…〉
the
●…
▪
the
〈…〉
three
〈…〉
,
which
〈…〉
(
〈…〉
●ever
●…
)
〈…〉
●…et
〈…〉
.
Th●●
〈…〉
th●t
gold
,
which
of
the
owne
〈◊〉
,
●●…
so
●●profitable
,
●●
now
among
all
people
in
●●
high
estimation
▪
●…
▪
himselfe
,
by
whom
yea
and
●o●
the
vse
of
whom
it
is
so
much
set
by
,
is
in
much
lesse
estimation
,
then
the
gold
it selfe
.
Insomuch
Which
i●
it
should
be
taken
from
him
by
any
fortune
,
or
by
some
subtill
wile
and
cautle
of
the
Law
,
(
which
no
les●e
then
fortune
doth
both
raise
vp
the
low
,
and
plucke
down
the
high
)
and
be
given
to
the
most
vile
slave
and
abject
drivell
of
all
his
houshold
,
then
shortly
after
he
shall
goe
into
the
service
of
his
servant
,
as
an
augmentation
,
or
over●…
money
.
But
they
much
more
mervaile
For
they
have
not
devised
one
In
that
Philosophy
,
which
which
intreateth
of
manners
and
vertue
the●●
reasons
and
opinions
●gree
with
our
.
They
dispure
of
the
good
qualities
of
the
Soule
▪
of
the
body
,
and
of
fortune
.
And
whether
the
name
of
goodnesse
may
be
●pplied
to
all
these
,
or
onely
to
the
endowments
and
guirt
,
of
the
soule
.
They
reason
For
they
judge
it
extreame
madnesse
to
follow
sharpe
and
These
lawes
not
offended
,
it
is
wisdome
,
that
thou
looke
to
thine
owne
wealth
.
And
doe
the
same
for
the
common
wealth
is
no
lesse
then
thy
duty
,
●f
thou
bearest
any
reverent
love
,
or
any
naturall
zeale
and
affection
to
thy
natiue
Country
.
But
to
goe
about
to
let
another
man
of
his
pleasure
,
whiles
thou
procurest
thine
owne
,
that
is
open
wrong
.
Contrariwise
,
to
with-draw
something
from
thy selfe
to
giue
to
other
,
that
is
a
point
of
humanity
,
and
gentlenesse
:
which
never
taketh
away
so
much
commodity
,
as
it
bringeth
againe
.
For
it
is
recompenced
with
the
returne
of
benefits
,
and
the
conscience
of
the
good
deed
,
with
the
remembrance
of
the
thankfull
love
and
benevolence
of
them
,
to
whom
thou
hast
done
it
,
doth
bring
more
pleasure
to
thy
mind
,
then
that
which
thou
Therefore
the
matter
diligently
weighed
,
and
considered
,
thus
they
thinke
,
that
all
our
actions
,
and
in
them
the
vertues
themselves
,
be
referred
at
the
last
to
ple●sure
,
as
their
end
and
felicity
.
Pleasure
they
call
every
For
there
be
many
things
,
which
of
their
owne
nature
containe
no
pleasantnesse
:
yea
the
most
part
of
them
much
griefe
and
sorrow
.
And
yet
through
the
perverse
and
malicious
flickering
inticements
of
lewd
and
honest
desires
,
be
taken
not
onely
for
speciall
and
soveraigne
pleasures
,
but
also
be
counted
among
the
chiefe
causes
of
life
.
In
this
counterfeit
kind
of
pleasure
,
they
put
them
that
I
sp●ke
of
before
.
Which
the
better
gownes
they
For
if
you
consider
the
profi●●ble
use
of
the
garment
,
why
should
wooll
of
a
fi●er
spunne
●…eed
,
be
thought
better
,
then
the
wooll
of
a
course
spunne
●●●eed
?
Yet
they
,
as
though
the
one
did
passe
the
other
by
nature
,
and
not
by
their
mistaking
,
advance
themselves
,
and
thinke
the
price
of
their
owne
persons
therby
greatly
mereased
.
And
therefore
the
honor
,
which
in
a
course
gowne
they
durst
not
have
lo●ked
for
,
they
require
,
as
it
were
of
duty
,
for
their
finer
gownes
sake
.
And
if
they
be
passed
without
reverence
,
they
take
it
displeasantly
and
disdainfully
.
And
againe
,
For
one
kind
of
stone
keepeth
not
his
price
still
in
all
countries
,
and
at
all
times
.
Nor
they
buy
them
not
,
but
taken
out
of
the
gold
,
and
bare
,
no
nor
so
neither
,
untill
they
haue
made
the
seller
to
sweare
,
that
hee
will
warrant
and
assure
it
to
be
a
true
stone
and
no
counterfeit
gemme
.
Such
care
they
take
least
a
counterfeit
stone
should
deceiue
their
eyes
in
stead
of
a
right
stone
.
But
why
shouldest
thou
not
take
even
as
much
pleasure
in
beholding
a
counterfeit
stone
,
which
thine
eye
cannot
discerne
from
a
right
stone
?
They
should
both
be
of
like
value
to
thee
,
even
as
to
the
blind
man
.
What
shall
I
say
of
them
,
that
keepe
superfluous
riches
,
to
take
delectation
onely
in
the
beholding
,
and
not
in
the
vse
or
occupying
thereof
?
D●e
they
take
true
pleasure
,
or
else
be
they
deceived
with
false
pleasure
?
Or
of
them
that
be
in
a
contrary
For
what
pleasure
is
there
(
say
they
)
in
casting
the
Dice
upon
a
Whereas
the
hunter
secketh
nothing
but
pleasure
of
the
silly
and
wofull
beasts
slaughter
and
murder
.
The
which
pleasure
in
beholding
death
,
they
thinke
doth
rise
in
the
very
Beasts
,
either
of
a
cruell
affection
or
mind
,
or
else
to
be
changed
in
continuance
of
time
into
cruelty
,
by
long
vse
of
so
cruell
a
pleasure
.
These
therefore
and
all
such
like
,
which
be
innumerable
,
though
the
common
sort
of
people
doth
take
them
for
pleasures
,
yet
they
seeing
there
is
no
naturall
pleasantnesse
in
them
,
doe
plainly
determine
them
to
haue
no
affinity
with
true
and
right
pleasure
.
For
as
touching
that
they
doe
commonly
moue
the
sence
with
delectation
(
which
seemeth
to
be
a
worke
of
pleasure
)
this
doth
nothing
diminish
their
opinion
.
For
not
the
nature
of
the
thing
but
their
perverse
and
lewd
custome
is
the
cause
hereof
.
Which
causeth
them
to
accept
bitter
or
sower
things
for
sweet
things
.
Even
as
women
with
child
in
their
vicia●
and
corrupt
tast
,
thinke
pitch
and
●allow
sweeter
then
honey
.
Howbeit
no
mans
judgement
depraved
and
corrupt
,
eyther
by
sicknesse
,
or
by
custome
,
Here●nto
is
joyned
the
pleasant
remembrance
of
the
good
life
past
.
The
pleasure
of
the
body
they
divide
into
two
parts
.
The
first
is
,
when
delectation
is
sensible
felt
and
perceived
,
which
many
times
chanceth
by
the
renuing
and
refreshing
of
those
parts
,
which
our
naturall
heate
dryeth
up
.
This
commeth
by
meate
and
drinke
.
And
sometimes
whiles
those
things
be
expulsed
,
and
voyded
,
whereof
is
in
the
body
over
great
abundance
.
This
pleasure
is
felt
,
when
we
doe
our
naturall
●asement
,
or
when
we
be
doing
the
act
of
generation
,
or
when
the
itching
of
any
part
is
eased
with
rubbing
or
scratching
.
Sometimes
pleasure
riseth
exhibiting
to
any
member
nothing
that
it
desireth
,
nor
taking
from
it
any
paine
that
it
feeleth
,
which
neverthelesse
tickleth
and
moveth
our
sences
with
a
certaine
secret
efficacie
,
but
with
a
manifest
motion
turneth
them
to
it
.
As
is
that
which
commeth
of
Musicke
.
The
second
part
of
bodily
pleasure
they
The
Vtopians
have
long
ago●
rejected
and
condemned
●he
opinion
of
them
,
which
said
,
that
stedfast
and
quiet
health
,
(
for
this
question
also
hath
beene
diligently
debated
among
them
)
ought
not
therefore
to
be
counted
a
pleasure
,
because
they
say
it
cannot
be
presently
and
sensibly
perceived
and
felt
by
some
outward
motion
.
But
of
the
contrary
part
,
now
they
agree
almost
all
in
this
,
that
health
is
a
most
soveraigne
pleasure
.
For
seeing
that
in
sicknesse
(
say
they
)
is
griefe
,
which
is
a
mortall
enemy
to
pleasure
,
even
as
sicknesse
is
to
health
,
why
should
not
then
pleasure
be
in
the
quietnes
of
health
?
For
they
say
it
maketh
nothing
to
this
matter
,
whether
you
say
that
sicknesse
is
a
griefe
,
or
that
in
sicknesse
is
griefe
for
all
commeth
to
one
purpose
.
For
whether
health
be
a
pleasure
it selfe
,
or
a
necessary
cause
of
pleasure
,
as
fire
is
of
heat
,
truly
both
wayes
it
followeth
,
that
they
cannot
be
without
pleasure
,
that
be
in
perfect
health
.
Furthermore
whiles
we
eate
(
say
they
)
then
health
,
which
began
to
be
appaired
,
fighteth
by
the
helpe
of
food
against
hunger
.
In
the
which
fight
,
whiles
health
by
little
and
little
getteth
the
vpper
hand
,
that
same
proceeding
,
and
(
as
we
would
say
)
that
onwardnesse
to
the
wonted
strength
,
ministreth
that
pleasure
,
whereby
we
be
so
refreshed
.
Health
therefore
,
which
in
the
conflict
is
joyfull
,
shall
it
not
be
merry
,
when
it
hath
gotten
the
victory
?
But
as
soone
as
it
hath
recovered
the
pristinate
strength
,
which
thing
only
in
all
the
sight
it
coveted
,
shall
it
incontinent
be
astonied
?
Nor
shall
it
not
know
nor
imbrace
the
owne
wealth
and
goodnesse
?
For
where
it
is
said
,
health
cannot
be
felt
,
this
they
thinke
is
nothing
true
.
For
what
man
walking
,
say
they
,
feeleth
not
himselfe
in
health
,
but
he
that
is
not
?
Is
there
any
man
so
possessed
with
stonish
●nsensibility
,
or
with
lethargie
,
that
is
to
say
,
the
sleeping
sicknesse
,
that
he
will
not
grant
health
to
be
acceptable
to
him
,
and
delectable
?
But
what
other
things
is
delectation
,
then
that
Aristophanes
,
Homer
,
Euripides
,
and
Sophocles
in
Ald●s
small
print
.
Of
the
Historians
they
have
Thucidides
,
Herodotus
,
and
Herodian
.
Also
my
companion
Tricius
Apinatus
carried
with
him
Physicke
bookes
,
certaine
small
workes
of
Hippocrates
,
and
Galens
▪
Microtechne
.
The
which
booke
they
have
in
great
estimation
:
For
though
there
be
almost
no
nation
under
heaven
that
hath
lesse
need
of
Physicke
then
they
,
yet
this
notwith
standing
,
Physicke
is
no
where
in
greater
honour
.
Because
they
count
the
For
what
should
they
bring
thither
,
vnlesse
it
were
yron
,
or
else
Gold
and
silver
,
which
they
had
rather
carry
home
againe
?
Also
such
things
as
are
to
be
carried
out
of
their
land
,
they
thinke
it
more
wisedome
to
carry
that
geere
forth
themselues
,
then
that
other
should
come
thither
to
fetch
it
,
to
the
intent
they
may
the
better
know
the
out
lands
on
every
side
of
them
,
and
keepe
in
ure
the
feate
and
knowledge
of
failing
.
Of
Bond-men
,
Sicke
Persons
,
Wedlocke
,
and
▪
divers
other
matters
.
THey
neither
make
Bondmen
For
many
of
them
they
bring
home
sometimes
,
paying
very
little
for
them
,
yea
most
commonly
getting
them
for
gramercy
.
These
sorts
of
bondmen
they
keep
not
only
in
continuall
work
and
labour
,
but
also
in
bands
.
But
their
owne
men
they
handle
hardest
,
whom
they
judge
more
desperate
,
and
to
haue
deserved
greater
punishment
,
because
they
being
so
godly
brought
vp
to
vertue
in
so
excellent
a
common
wealth
,
could
not
for
all
that
be
refrained
from
misdoing
.
Another
kind
of
bondmen
they
haue
,
when
a
vile
drudge
being
a
poore
laborer
in
another
Countrey
,
doth
choose
of
his
owne
free
will
to
be
a
bondman
among
them
.
These
they
intreat
and
o●der
honestly
,
and
entertaine
almost
as
gently
,
as
their
owne
free
citizens
,
saving
that
they
put
them
to
a
little
more
labour
,
as
thereto
accustomed
.
If
any
such
,
bee
disposed
to
depart
thence
(
which
seldome
is
seene
)
they
neither
hold
him
against
his
will
,
neither
send
him
a
way
with
empty
hands
.
The
sicke
(
as
I
said
)
they
see
to
with
great
The
man
is
foure
yeares
elder
before
he
marry
.
If
eyther
the
man
or
the
woman
be
proued
to
haue
actually
offended
before
their
mariage
,
with
another
,
the
party
that
so
hath
trespassed
,
is
sharpely
punished
.
And
both
the
offenders
,
be
forbidden
ever
after
in
all
their
life
to
marry
:
vnlesse
the
fault
be
forgiven
by
the
Princes
pardon
.
Both
the
good
man
and
good
wife
of
the
house
,
where
that
offence
was
committed
,
as
being
slacke
and
negligent
in
looking
to
their
charge
,
be
in
danger
of
great
reproach
,
and
infamy
.
That
offence
is
so
sharpely
punished
,
because
they
perceiue
that
vnlesse
they
be
diligently
kept
from
the
liberty
of
this
vice
,
few
will
joyne
together
in
the
loue
of
marriage
,
wherein
all
the
life
must
be
led
with
one
,
and
also
all
the
griefes
and
displeasures
comming
therewith
patiently
be
taken
and
born
.
Furthermore
in
choosing
wiues
and
husbands
,
they
obserue
earnestly
and
straightly
a
custome
,
which
seemed
to
us
very
fond
and
foolish
.
For
a
sad
and
honest
patron
sheweth
the
woman
be
she
Maid
or
widdow
,
naked
to
the
wooer
.
And
likewise
a
sage
and
discreet
man
,
exhibiteth
the
wooer
naked
to
the
woman
.
At
this
custome
we
laughed
,
and
disallowed
it
as
foolish
.
But
they
on
the
other
part
doe
greatly
wonder
at
the
folly
of
all
other
Nations
,
which
in
buying
a
Colt
,
whereas
a
little
money
is
in
hazard
,
be
so
chary
and
circumspect
,
that
though
he
be
almost
all
bare
,
yet
they
will
not
buy
him
,
unlesse
the
saddle
and
all
the
harnesse
be
taken
off
,
least
under
those
coverings
be
hid
some
gall
or
sore
.
And
yet
in
chusing
a
Wife
,
which
shall
be
either
pleasure
or
displeasure
to
them
all
their
life
after
,
they
be
so
rechlesse
,
that
all
the
residue
of
the
womans
body
being
eovered
with
cloathes
,
they
esteeme
her
scarcely
by
one
hand
breadth
(
for
they
can
see
no
more
but
her
face
)
and
so
to
joyne
her
to
them
not
without
great
jeopardy
of
evill
agreeing
together
,
if
any
thing
in
her
body
after
ward
should
chance
to
offend
,
and
mislike
them
.
For
all
men
be
not
so
wise
,
as
to
have
respect
to
the
vertuous
condition
of
the
party
.
And
the
endowments
of
the
body
,
cause
the
vertues
of
the
mind
more
to
be
esteemed
and
regarded
:
yea
,
even
the
marriages
of
wise
men
.
Verily
so
foule
deformity
may
be
hid
under
those
coverings
,
that
it
may
quite
alienate
and
take
away
the
mans
mind
from
his
wife
,
when
it
shall
not
be
lawfull
for
their
bodies
to
be
separate
againe
.
If
such
deformity
happen
by
any
chance
after
the
Marriage
is
consummate
and
finished
,
well
,
therein
no
remedy
but
patience
.
Every
man
must
take
his
fortune
well
in
worth
.
But
it
were
well
done
that
a
law
were
made
wherby
all
such
deceits
might
be
eschewed
,
and
avoided
before
hand
.
And
this
were
they
constrained
more
earnestly
to
looke
vpon
,
because
they
onely
of
the
nations
in
that
part
of
the
world
be
content
every
man
with
one
wife
a
piece
.
And
matrimony
is
there
never
broken
,
but
by
death
:
except
adultery
breake
the
bond
,
or
else
the
intollerable
wayward
But
most
commonly
the
most
hainous
faults
be
punished
with
the
incommodity
of
bondage
.
For
that
they
suppose
to
be
to
the
offendors
no
le●se
griefe
,
and
to
the
Common-wealth
more
profit
,
then
if
they
should
hastily
put
them
to
death
,
and
so
make
them
quite
out
of
the
way
.
For
their
commeth
more
profit
of
their
labour
,
than
of
their
death
,
and
by
their
example
they
feare
other
the
longer
from
like
offences
.
But
if
they
being
thus
vsed
,
do●
rebell
and
kicke
againe
,
then
forsooth
they
be
●laine
as
desperate
and
wild
beasts
,
whom
neither
prison
nor
chaine
could
restraine
and
keepe
vnder
.
But
they
,
which
take
their
bondage
patiently
,
be
not
left
al
hopelesse
.
For
after
they
haue
beene
broken
and
tamed
with
long
miseries
,
if
then
they
shew
such
repentance
,
as
thereby
it
may
be
perceived
that
they
be
●orier
for
their
offence
then
for
their
punishment
:
sometimes
by
the
Princes
prerogatiue
,
and
sometimes
by
the
voice
or
else
consent
of
the
people
,
their
bondage
either
is
m●ttigated
,
or
cleane
released
and
forgiven
.
He
that
mooveth
to
adultery
is
in
no
lesse
danger
and
jeopardy
,
then
These
nations
haue
undoubtedly
very
well
and
holsomly
provided
for
their
Common-wealths
.
For
seeing
that
both
the
making
and
the
marring
of
the
Weale
publique
,
doth
depend
and
hang
vpon
the
manners
of
the
Rulers
and
Magistrates
,
what
officers
could
they
more
wisely
have
chosen
,
then
those
which
cannot
be
lead
from
honesty
by
bribes
(
for
to
them
that
shortly
after
shall
depart
thence
into
their
owne
Country
,
money
should
be
unprofitable
)
nor
yet
be
moved
either
with
favour
,
or
malice
towards
any
man
,
as
being
strangers
,
and
unacquainted
with
the
people
?
The
which
two
vices
of
affection
and
avarice
,
where
they
take
place
in
judgements
,
incontinent
they
breake
justice
,
the
strongest
and
surest
bond
of
a
Common-wealth
.
These
people
which
fetch
their
officers
and
rulers
from
them
,
the
Vtopians
call
their
fellowes
.
And
other
to
whom
they
have
beene
beneficiall
,
they
call
their
friends
.
As
and
to
breake
both
league
and
truth
.
The
which
crafty
dealing
,
yea
the
which
fraud
and
deceit
,
if
they
should
know
it
to
be
practised
among
private
men
in
their
bargaines
and
contracts
,
they
would
incontinent
cry
out
a●●●
with
an
open
mouth
,
and
a
sowre
countenance
,
as
an
offence
most
detestable
,
and
worthy
to
be
punished
with
a
s●●●me●
all
death
:
yea
even
very
they
that
advance
themselves
Authors
of
like
counsaile
,
is
given
to
Princes
.
Wherefore
it
may
well
be
thought
,
either
that
all
justice
is
but
a
base
and
a
low
vertue
,
and
which
availeth
it selfe
farre
under
the
high
dignity
of
Kings
:
Or
,
at
the
least-wise
,
that
there
be
two
lustices
,
the
one
meet
for
the
inferiour
sort
of
the
people
,
going
a
foot
and
creeping
low
by
the
ground
,
and
bound
downe
on
every
side
with
many
bands
,
because
it
shall
not
run
at
rovers
.
The
other
a
princely
vertue
,
which
like
as
it
is
of
much
higher
Majesty
,
then
the
other
poore
justice
,
so
also
it
is
of
much
more
liberty
,
as
to
the
which
nothing
is
unlawfull
that
it
h●steth
after
.
These
manners
of
Princes
(
as
I
said
)
which
be
there
so
evill
keepers
of
leagues
,
cause
the
Vtopians
,
as
I
suppose
,
to
make
no
leagues
at
all
which
perchance
would
change
their
mind
if
they
lived
here
.
Howbeit
they
thinke
that
though
leagues
be
never
so
faithfully
observed
and
kept
,
yet
the
custome
or
making
leagues
was
very
evill
begun
.
For
this
causeth
men
(
as
though
nations
which
be
separate
a
sunder
,
by
the
space
of
a
little
hill
,
or
River
,
were
coupled
together
by
no
society
or
bond
of
nature
)
to
thinke
themselves
borne
adversaries
and
enemies
one
to
another
,
and
that
it
were
lawfull
for
the
one
to
seeke
the
death
and
destruction
of
the
other
,
if
leagues
were
not
:
yea
,
and
that
after
the
leagues
be
accorded
,
friendship
doth
not
grow
and
increase
:
But
the
licence
of
robbing
and
stealing
doth
still
remaine
,
as
faire
forth
as
for
lacke
of
fore-sight
and
advisement
in
writing
the
words
of
the
league
,
any
sentence
or
clause
to
the
contrary
is
not
therein
sufficiently
comprehended
.
But
they
be
of
a
contrary
opinion
.
That
is
,
that
no
man
ought
to
be
counted
an
enemy
which
hath
done
no
injury
.
And
that
the
fellowship
of
nature
is
a
strong
league
,
and
that
men
be
better
and
more
surely
knit
together
by
love
and
benevolence
,
then
by
covenants
of
leagues
:
by
hearty
affection
of
mind
,
then
by
words
Of
War-fare
.
WArre
or
Battaile
as
a
thing
very
beastly
,
and
yet
no
kind
of
beasts
in
so
much
vse
as
to
man
,
they
doe
detest
and
abhorre
.
And
contrary
to
the
custome
almost
of
all
other
nations
,
they
count
nothing
so
much
against
glory
,
as
glory
gotten
in
warre
.
And
therefore
though
they
doe
daily
practice
and
exercise
themselves
in
the
discipline
of
warre
,
not
only
the
men
,
but
also
the
women
vpon
certaine
appointed
dayes
,
least
they
should
be
to
seek
in
the
feat
of
armes
,
if
need
should
require
,
yet
they
never
goe
to
battaile
,
but
either
in
the
defence
of
their
owne
Country
,
or
to
drive
out
of
their
friends
Land
the
enemies
that
have
invaded
it
,
or
by
the
power
to
deliver
from
the
yoake
and
bondage
of
Tyrannie
some
people
,
that
be
therewith
oppressed
.
Which
thing
they
doe
of
meere
pitty
and
compassion
.
Howbeit
they
send
helpe
to
their
friends
,
not
ever
in
their
defence
,
but
sometimes
also
to
requite
and
revenge
injuries
before
to
them
done
.
But
this
they
doe
not
vnlesse
their
counsell
and
advise
in
the
matter
be
asked
,
whiles
it
is
yet
new
and
fresh
,
For
if
they
find
the
cause
probable
,
and
if
the
contrary
part
will
not
restoreagaine
such
things
as
be
of
them
justly
demanded
,
then
they
be
the
chiefe
authors
and
makers
of
the
warre
.
Which
they
doe
not
onely
as
oft
as
by
●●rodes
and
invosions
of
souldiers
preyes
and
booties
be
driven
,
but
then
also
much
more
mortally
,
when
their
friends
marchants
in
any
land
,
either
vnder
the
pretence
of
vnjust
lawes
,
or
else
by
the
wresting
and
wrong
vnderstanding
of
good
lawes
,
doe
sustaine
an
vnjust
accusation
vnder
the
colour
of
justice
.
Neither
the
battaile
which
the
Vtopians
fought
for
the
Nephelogetes
against
the
Alaopolitanes
a
little
before
our
time
,
was
made
for
any
other
cause
,
but
that
the
Nephelogete
marchant
men
,
as
the
Vtopians
thought
,
suffered
wrong
of
the
Alaopolitans
,
vnder
the
pretence
of
right
.
But
whether
it
were
right
or
wrong
,
it
was
with
so
cruell
and
mortall
warre
revenged
,
the
Countries
round
about
joyning
their
helpe
and
power
to
the
puissance
and
malice
of
both
parties
,
that
most
flourishing
and
wealthy
peoples
,
being
some
of
them
shrewdly
shaken
,
and
some
of
them
sharply
beaten
,
the
mischiefes
were
not
finished
nor
ended
,
vntill
the
Alaopolitans
,
at
the
last
were
yeelded
vp
as
bondmen
into
the
jurisdiction
of
the
Nephelogetes
.
For
the
Vtopians
fought
not
this
warre
for
themselves
.
And
yet
the
Nephelogetes
before
the
warre
,
when
the
Alaopolitanes
flourished
in
wealth
,
were
nothing
to
be
compared
with
them
.
So
eagerly
the
Vtopians
prosecute
the
injuries
done
to
their
friends
:
yea
,
in
money
matters
and
not
their
owne
likewise
.
For
if
they
by
covine
or
g●●le
be
wiped
beside
their
goods
,
so
that
no
violence
be
done
to
their
bodies
,
they
ease
their
anger
by
abstaining
from
occupying
with
that
nation
,
untill
they
have
made
satisfaction
.
Not
for
because
they
set
lesse
store
by
their
owne
Citizens
,
then
by
their
friends
:
but
that
they
take
the
losse
of
their
friends
money
more
heavily
then
the
losse
of
their
owne
.
Because
that
their
friends
Merchant
men
,
for
as
much
as
that
the
losse
is
their
owne
private
goods
,
sustaine
great
damage
by
the
losse
.
But
their
own
Citizens
lose
nothing
but
of
the
common
goods
,
and
of
that
which
was
at
home
plentifull
and
almost
superfluous
,
else
had
it
not
beene
sent
forth
.
Therefore
no
man
feeleth
the
losse
.
And
for
this
cause
they
thinke
it
too
cruell
an
act
,
to
revenge
the
losse
with
the
death
of
man
,
the
incommodity
▪
of
the
which
losse
no
man
feeleth
neither
in
his
life
,
nor
yet
in
his
living
.
But
if
it
chance
that
any
of
their
men
be
in
any
other
Country
be
maimed
or
killed
,
whether
it
be
done
by
a
common
or
a
private
Councell
,
knowing
and
trying
out
the
truth
of
the
matter
by
their
Ambassadours
,
unlesse
the
offendors
be
rendered
unto
them
in
recompence
of
the
injury
,
they
will
not
be
appeased
:
but
incontinent
they
proclaime
Warre
against
them
.
The
offendors
yeelded
,
they
punish
either
with
death
,
or
with
bondage
.
They
be
not
onely
sory
,
but
also
ashamed
to
atchieve
the
victory
with
bloodshed
,
counting
it
great
folly
to
buy
precious
wares
too
deare
.
This
is
their
chiefe
and
principall
intent
,
which
they
immediatly
and
first
of
all
prosecute
,
and
set
forward
.
But
yet
so
,
that
they
be
more
circumspect
in
auoyding
and
eschewing
jeopardies
,
then
they
be
desirous
of
praise
and
renowne
.
Therefore
immediatly
after
that
warre
is
once
solemnly
denounced
,
they
procure
many
Proclamations
signed
with
their
owne
common
seale
,
to
be
set
vp
privily
at
one
time
in
their
enemes
land
,
in
places
most
frequented
.
In
these
proclamations
they
promise
great
rewards
to
him
that
will
kill
their
enemies
Prince
,
and
somewhat
lesse
gifts
,
but
them
very
great
also
,
for
every
head
of
them
,
whose
names
be
in
the
said
proclamations
contained
.
They
be
those
whom
they
count
their
chiefe
adversaries
,
next
unto
the
Prince
whom
there
is
prescribed
,
unto
him
that
killeth
any
of
the
proclaimed
persons
,
that
is
doubled
to
him
that
bri●geth
any
of
the
s●me
to
them
alive
:
yea
,
and
to
the
procla●●ed
persons
themselves
,
if
they
will
change
their
minds
,
and
come
into
them
,
taking
their
parts
,
they
proffer
the
same
great
rewards
with
pardon
and
surety
of
their
lives
.
Therefore
it
quickly
commeth
to
passe
,
that
their
enemies
have
all
other
men
in
suspition
,
and
be
unthankfull
,
and
mistrusting
among
themselves
one
to
another
living
in
great
feare
,
and
in
no
l●s●e
jeopardy
.
For
it
is
well
knowne
,
that
divers
times
the
most
part
of
them
(
and
specially
the
Prince
himselfe
)
hath
beene
betrayed
of
them
,
in
whom
they
put
their
most
hope
and
trust
.
So
there
is
no
manner
of
act
nor
deed
that
gifts
and
rewards
doe
not
inforce
men
unto
.
And
in
rewards
they
keepe
no
measure
.
But
remembring
and
considering
into
how
great
hazard
and
jeopardy
they
call
them
,
endevour
themselves
to
recompence
the
greatnesse
of
the
danger
with
like
great
benefits
.
And
therefore
they
promise
not
onely
wonderfull
great
abundance
of
gold
,
but
also
lands
of
great
revenues
lying
in
most
safe
places
among
their
friends
.
And
their
promises
they
performe
faithfully
without
any
fraud
or
covine
.
This
custome
of
buying
and
selling
adversaries
,
among
other
people
is
disallowed
,
as
a
cru●l
act
of
a
base
and
a
cowardish
mind
.
But
they
in
this
behalfe
thinke
themselves
much
praise
worthy
,
as
who
likewise
,
men
by
this
meanes
dispatch
great
Warres
without
Batta●●e
o●
skirmish
.
Yea
,
they
count
it
also
a
deed
of
pitty
and
mercy
,
because
that
by
the
death
of
a
few
offenders
,
the
lives
of
a
great
number
of
Innocents
,
as
well
of
their
owne
men
,
as
also
of
their
enemies
,
be
ransomed
and
saved
,
which
in
fighting
should
have
beene
slaine
.
For
they
doe
no
lesse
pitty
the
base
and
common
sort
of
their
enemies
people
,
then
they
doe
their
owne
:
knowing
that
they
be
driven
and
forced
to
warre
against
their
wills
,
by
the
furious
in●dnesse
of
their
Princes
and
heads
.
If
by
none
of
these
meanes
the
matter
goe
forward
,
as
they
would
have
it
,
then
they
procure
occasions
of
debate
,
and
dissention
to
be
spread
among
their
enemies
.
As
by
bringing
the
Princes
brother
,
o●
some
of
the
noble
men
in
hope
to
obtaine
the
Kingdome
.
If
this
way
prevaile
not
,
then
they
raise
vp
the
people
that
be
next
neighbours
and
borde●e●s
to
their
enemies
,
and
them
they
set
in
their
necks
under
the
colour
of
some
old
title
of
right
,
such
as
Kings
doe
never
lacke
.
To
them
they
promise
their
helpe
and
ayd
in
their
Warre
.
And
as
for
money
they
giue
them
abundance
.
But
of
their
owne
Citizens
they
send
to
them
few
or
none
:
whom
they
make
so
much
of
▪
and
love
so
●●tirely
,
that
they
would
not
be
willing
to
change
any
of
them
for
their
adversaries
Prince
.
But
them
gold
and
silver
,
because
they
keepe
it
all
for
this
onely
purpose
,
they
lay
it
out
●ranckly
and
●●●ly
:
as
who
should
live
even
a
,
wealthily
,
if
they
had
●●stowed
it
every
penny
.
Yea
and
besides
their
riches
,
which
they
keepe
at
home
,
they
have
also
an
infinite
treasure
abroad
,
by
reason
that
(
as
I
said
before
)
many
Nations
be
in
their
debt
.
There●ore
they
hire
souldiours
out
of
all
Countries
and
send
them
to
Battaile
,
but
chiefly
of
the
Zapolets
.
This
people
,
is
five
hundred
miles
from
Vtopia
Eastward
.
They
be
hidious
,
savage
,
and
fierce
,
dwelling
in
wild
Woods
,
and
high
mountaines
,
where
they
were
bred
and
brought
vp
.
They
be
of
an
hard
nature
,
able
to
abide
and
sustaine
heate
,
cold
,
and
labour
,
abhorring
from
all
dilicate
dainties
,
occupying
no
husbandry
no●
tillage
of
the
ground
,
homely
and
rude
both
in
building
of
their
houses
,
and
in
their
apparell
,
given
unto
no
goodnesse
,
but
onely
to
the
breeding
and
bringing
vp
of
Cat●le
.
The
most
part
of
their
living
is
by
hunting
and
stealing
.
They
be
borne
onely
to
warre
,
which
they
diligently
and
earnestly
seek
for
.
And
when
they
have
gotten
it
,
they
be
wondrous
glad
thereof
.
They
goe
forth
of
their
Co●●●●y
in
great
companies
together
and
w●●os●ever
lacketh
souldio●rs
,
there
they
proffer
their
service
for
smal
wages
.
This
is
onely
the
craft
that
they
have
to
get
their
living
by
.
They
maintaine
their
lives
,
by
seeking
their
death
.
For
them
with
whom
they
be
in
wages
,
they
fight
hardly
,
fiercely
,
and
faithfully
.
But
they
bind
themselves
for
no
certaine
time
.
But
vpon
this
condition
they
enter
into
bonds
,
that
the
next
day
they
will
take
part
with
the
other
side
for
greater
wages
,
and
the
next
day
after
that
,
they
will
be
ready
to
come
back
againe
for
a
little
more
money
.
There
be
few
warrs
there
away
,
wherein
is
not
a
great
number
of
them
in
both
parties
.
Therefore
it
daily
chanceth
,
that
nigh
kinsfolke
which
were
hired
together
on
one
part
,
and
there
very
friendly
and
familiarly
vsed
themselves
one
with
another
,
shortly
after
being
separate
into
contrary
parts
,
run
one
against
another
enviously
and
fiercely
:
and
forgetting
both
kindred
and
friendship
thrust
their
swords
one
in
another
.
And
that
for
none
other
cause
,
but
that
they
be
hired
for
contrary
Princes
for
a
little
money
.
Which
they
doe
so
highly
regard
and
esteeme
,
that
they
will
easily
be
provoked
to
change
parts
for
a
halfe-penny
more
wages
by
the
day
.
So
quickly
they
have
taken
a
smacke
in
covetousnesse
.
Which
for
all
that
,
is
to
them
no
profit
.
For
that
they
get
by
fighting
,
immediately
they
spend
need●esse
,
unthri●●ily
and
wretchedly
in
ry●●
.
This
people
sighteth
for
the
Vtopians
against
all
Natio●s
,
because
they
give
them
greater
wages
,
then
any
other
nation
will
.
For
the
Vtopians
like
as
they
seeke
good
men
to
vse
well
,
so
they
seeke
these
evill
and
vicious
men
to
abuse
.
Whom
,
when
need
requireth
,
with
promises
of
great
rewards
,
they
put
forth
into
great
jeopardies
.
From
whence
the
most
part
of
them
never
commeth
againe
to
aske
their
rewards
.
But
to
them
that
remaine
alive
,
they
pay
that
which
they
promised
faithfully
,
that
they
may
be
the
more
willing
to
put
themselves
in
like
danger
another
time
.
Nor
the
Vtopians
passe
not
how
many
of
them
they
bring
to
destruction
.
For
they
beleeve
that
they
should
doe
a
very
good
deed
for
all
mankind
,
if
they
could
rid
out
of
that
world
all
that
foule
stincking
denne
of
that
most
wicked
and
cursed
people
.
Next
unto
these
,
they
vse
the
souldiours
of
them
for
whom
they
fight
:
and
then
the
helpe
of
their
other
friends
.
And
last
of
all
,
they
joyne
to
their
owne
Citizens
.
Among
whom
they
give
to
one
of
tried
vertue
▪
and
powers
,
the
rule
,
governance
and
conduction
of
the
whole
Army
.
Vnder
him
they
appoint
two
other
,
which
whiles
he
is
safe
,
be
both
private
and
out
of
office
.
But
if
he
be
taken
or
slaine
the
one
of
the
other
succedeth
him
,
as
it
were
by
inheritance
.
And
if
the
second
miscarry
,
then
the
third
taketh
his
roome
,
least
that
(
as
the
chance
of
Battaile
is
uncertaine
and
doubtfull
)
the
jeopardy
of
death
of
the
Captaine
should
bring
the
whole
army
in
hazard
.
They
choose
souldiours
out
of
every
City
,
those
,
which
put
forth
themselves
willingly
.
For
they
thrust
no
man
forth
into
warre
against
his
will
:
because
they
beleeve
,
if
any
man
be
fearefull
and
faint-hearted
of
nature
,
he
will
not
onely
doe
no
manfull
and
hardy
act
himselfe
,
but
also
be
occasion
of
cowardnesse
to
his
fellowes
.
But
if
any
Battaile
be
made
against
their
owne
Country
,
then
they
put
these
cowards
(
so
that
they
be
strong
bodied
)
in
Ships
among
other
bold
harted
men
.
Or
else
they
dispose
them
vpon
the
w●ls
,
from
whence
they
may
n●●
flie
.
Thus
what
for
shame
that
their
enemies
be
at
hand
,
and
what
for
because
they
be
without
hope
of
running
away
,
they
forget
all
feare
.
And
many
times
extreame
necessity
turneth
cowardnesse
into
prowesse
and
manlinesse
.
But
as
none
o●
them
is
thrust
forth
of
his
Country
into
warre
against
his
will
,
so
women
that
be
willing
to
accompany
their
husbands
in
time
of
warre
,
be
not
prohibited
o●
letted
.
Yea
they
provoke
and
exhort
them
to
it
with
praises
.
And
in
set
field
the
wives
doe
stand
every
one
by
their
owne
husbands
side
.
Also
every
man
is
compassed
next
about
with
his
owne
children
,
kinsfolkes
,
and
alliance
,
That
they
whom
nature
chiefly
mooveth
to
mutuall
succour
,
thus
standeth
together
,
may
helpe
one
another
.
It
is
a
great
reproach
and
dishonesty
for
the
husband
●●●ome
home
without
his
wife
,
or
the
wife
without
her
husband
,
or
the
sonne
without
his
father
.
And
therefore
if
the
other
part
sticke
so
hard
by
it
,
that
the
battaile
come
to
their
hands
,
it
is
fought
with
great
slaughter
and
blood-shed
,
even
to
the
utter
destruction
of
both
parties
.
For
as
they
make
all
the
meanes
and
shifts
that
may
be
,
to
keepe
themselves
from
the
necessity
of
fighting
,
or
that
they
may
dispatch
the
battaile
by
their
hired
souldiors
,
so
when
there
is
no
remedy
,
but
that
they
must
needs
fight
themselves
▪
then
they
doe
as
couragiously
fall
to
it
,
as
before
,
whiles
they
might
,
they
did
wisely
avoid
and
refuse
it
.
Nor
they
be
not
most
fierce
at
the
first
brunt
.
But
in
continuance
by
little
and
little
their
fierce
courage
encreaseth
,
with
so
stubborne
and
obstinate
minds
,
that
they
will
rather
die
then
give
backe
an
●nch
.
For
that
surety
of
living
,
which
every
man
hath
at
home
,
being
joyned
with
no
carefull
anxiety
or
remembrance
how
their
posterity
shall
live
after
them
(
for
this
pensivenesse
oftentimes
breaketh
and
abateth
couragious
stomackes
)
making
them
stout
and
hardy
,
and
disdainfull
to
be
conquered
.
Moreover
,
their
knowledge
in
chiualry
and
feates
of
armes
,
putteth
them
in
a
good
hope
.
Finally
the
wholesome
and
vertuous
opinions
wherein
they
were
brought
vp
even
from
their
childhood
,
partly
through
learning
,
and
partly
through
the
good
ordinance
and
lawes
of
their
Weale
publique
,
augment
and
encrease
their
manfull
courage
.
By
reason
whereof
,
they
neither
set
so
little
store
by
their
lives
,
that
they
will
rashly
and
vnadvisedly
cast
them
away
:
nor
they
be
not
so
farre
in
lewd
and
fond
love
therewith
,
that
they
will
shamefully
covet
to
keepe
them
,
when
honesty
biddeth
leave
them
.
When
the
battaile
is
hottest
,
and
in
all
places
most
fierce
and
fervent
,
Of
the
Religions
in
Vtopia
.
THere
be
divers
kinds
of
Religion
,
not
onely
in
sundry
parts
of
the
Iland
but
also
in
divers
places
of
every
City
.
Some
worship
for
God
,
the
Sun
:
some
the
Moone
:
some
other
of
the
Planets
.
There
be
that
give
worship
to
a
man
that
was
once
of
excellent●
vertue
or
of
famous
glory
,
not
only
as
GOD
,
but
also
as
the
chiefest
and
highest
GOD.
But
the
most
and
the
wisest
part
(
rejecting
all
these
)
beleeve
,
that
there
is
a
certaine
godly
power
unknowne
,
everlasting
,
incomprehensible
,
inexplicable
,
farre
above
the
capacity
&
reach
of
mans
wit
,
dispersed
throughout
all
the
whole
world
,
not
in
bignesse
,
but
in
vertue
and
power
.
Him
they
call
the
father
of
all
.
To
him
alone
they
attribute
the
beginnings
,
the
increasings
,
the
proceedings
,
the
changes
,
and
the
ends
of
all
things
.
Neither
they
give
any
divine
honours
to
any
other
then
to
him
.
Yea
all
the
other
also
,
though
they
be
in
divers
opinions
,
yet
in
this
point
they
agree
all
together
with
the
wisest
sort
,
in
beleeving
that
there
is
one
principall
GOD
,
the
maker
and
ruler
of
the
whole
world
:
whom
they
all
commonly
in
their
Country
language
call
Mythra
.
But
in
this
they
disagree
that
among
some
he
is
counted
one
,
and
among
some
another
.
For
every
one
of
them
,
whatsoever
that
is
which
he
taketh
for
the
chiefe
God
,
thinketh
it
to
be
the
very
same
nature
,
to
whose
only
divine
might
and
majesty
the
summe
and
soveraignty
of
all
things
by
the
consent
of
all
people
is
attributed
and
given
.
Howbeit
they
all
begin
by
little
and
little
to
forsake
and
fall
from
this
variety
of
superstitions
,
and
to
agree
together
in
that
religion
which
seemeth
by
reason
to
passe
and
excell
the
residue
.
And
it
is
not
to
be
doubted
,
but
all
the
other
would
long
agoe
have
been
abolished
,
but
that
whatsoever
unprosperous
thing
happened
to
any
of
them
,
as
he
was
minded
to
change
his
religion
,
the
fearefulnesse
of
people
did
take
it
,
not
as
a
thing
comming
by
chance
but
as
sent
from
GOD
out
of
Heaven
.
As
though
the
the
God
,
whose
honour
he
was
forsaking
,
would
haue
revenged
that
wicked
purpose
against
him
.
But
after
they
heard
vs
speake
of
the
name
of
Christ
,
of
his
doctrin
,
lawes
,
myracles
,
and
of
the
no
lesse
wonderfull
constancy
of
so
many
martyrs
,
whose
blood
willingly
shead
,
brought
a
great
number
of
nations
throughout
all
parts
of
the
world
into
their
sect
:
you
will
not
beleeue
with
how
glad
minds
,
they
agreed
vnto
the
same
:
whether
it
were
by
the
secret
inspiration
of
God
,
or
else
for
that
they
thought
it
nighest
vnto
that
opinion
,
which
among
them
is
counted
the
chiefest
.
Howbeit
I
thinke
this
was
no
small
helpe
and
furtherance
in
the
matter
,
that
they
heard
vs
say
,
that
They
also
which
doe
not
agree
to
Christs
religion
,
ferre
no
man
from
it
,
nor
speake
against
any
man
that
hath
received
it
.
Saving
that
one
of
our
company
in
my
presence
was
sharpely
punished
.
He
as
soone
as
he
was
baptised
began
against
our
wils
with
more
earnest
affection
,
then
wisedome
to
reason
of
Christs
Religion
:
and
began
to
waxe
so
hot
in
this
matter
,
that
he
did
not
onely
preferre
our
Religion
before
all
other
,
but
also
did
vtterly
despise
and
condemne
all
other
,
calling
them
prophane
,
and
the
followers
of
them
wicked
and
devilish
,
and
the
children
of
everlasting
damnation
.
When
he
had
thus
long
reasoned
the
matter
,
they
laid
hold
on
him
,
accused
him
,
and
condemned
him
into
exile
,
not
as
a
dispiser
of
religion
,
but
as
a
sedicious
person
,
and
a
rayser
vp
of
dissention
among
the
people
.
For
this
is
one
of
the
ancientest
lawes
among
them
:
that
no
man
shall
be
blamed
for
reasoning
in
the
maintenance
of
his
owne
religion
.
For
King
Vtopus
,
even
at
the
first
beginning
,
hearing
that
the
inhabitants
of
the
land
were
before
his
comming
thither
,
at
continuall
dissention
and
strife
among
them selves
for
their
religions
:
perceiving
also
that
this
common
dissention
(
whiles
every
severall
Sect
tooke
severall
parts
in
fighting
for
their
Country
)
was
the
onely
occasion
of
his
Conquest
over
them
all
,
as
soone
as
he
had
gotten
the
victory
.
First
of
all
,
he
made
a
decree
,
that
it
should
be
lawfull
for
every
man
to
favour
and
follow
what
religion
he
would
,
and
that
he
might
doe
the
best
he
could
to
bring
other
to
his
opinion
,
so
that
he
did
it
peaceably
,
gently
,
quietly
,
and
soberly
,
without
hasty
and
contentious
rebuking
and
inveying
against
other
.
If
he
could
not
by
faire
and
gentle
speech
induce
them
vnto
his
opinion
,
yet
he
should
vse
no
kind
of
violence
,
and
refraine
from
displeasant
and
sedicious
words
.
To
him
that
would
vehemently
and
fervently
in
this
cause
strife
and
contend
,
was
decreed
,
And
thus
he
is
of
all
sorts
despised
,
as
of
an
vnprofitable
,
and
of
a
base
and
vile
nature
.
Howbeit
,
they
put
him
to
no
punishment
,
They
thinke
that
the
contemplation
of
nature
,
and
the
praise
Bruthe
scas
,
the
which
word
by
interpretation
,
signifieth
to
vs
,
Men
of
religion
,
or
religious
men
.
They
have
Priests
of
exceeding
After
their
election
,
they
be
consecrate
of
their
own
company
.
They
be
Overseers
of
all
divine
matters
,
orderers
of
religions
,
and
as
it
were
●udges
and
Masters
of
manners
.
And
it
is
a
great
dishonesty
and
shame
to
be
rebuk●●
or
spoken
to
by
any
of
them
,
for
dissolute
and
incontinent
living
.
But
as
it
is
their
office
to
give
good
exhortations
and
counsell
,
so
it
is
the
duty
of
the
Prince
and
the
other
Magistrates
,
to
correct
and
punish
offenders
,
saving
that
the
Priests
,
whom
they
find
exceeding
vicious
livers
,
them
they
excommunicate
The
Priests
,
unlesse
they
be
women
(
for
that
kind
is
not
excluded
from
Priest-hood
,
how beit
few
be
chosen
and
none
but
v●ddowes
and
old
women
)
the
men
Priests
,
I
say
,
take
to
their
wiues
the
chiefest
women
in
all
their
Countrey
.
For
to
no
office
among
the
Vtopians
is
there
more
honour
and
preheminence
giuen
.
Insomuch
that
if
they
commit
any
offence
,
they
be
vnder
no
common
judgement
,
but
be
left
onely
to
GOD
and
themselves
.
For
they
thinke
it
This
manner
may
they
easily
obserue
,
because
they
haue
so
few
Priests
,
and
doe
choose
them
with
such
circumspection
.
For
it
scarcely
euer
chanceth
,
that
the
most
vertuous
among
vertuous
,
which
in
respect
only
of
his
vertue
is
advanced
to
so
high
a
dignity
,
can
fall
to
vice
&
wickednesse
.
And
if
it
should
chance
indeed
(
as
mans
nature
is
mutable
and
fraile
)
yet
by
reason
they
be
so
few
,
and
promoted
to
no
might
nor
power
,
but
onely
to
honour
,
it
were
not
to
be
feared
that
any
great
dammage
by
them
should
happen
&
ensue
to
the
common-wealth
.
They
haue
so
rare
and
few
Priests
,
least
if
the
honour
were
communicated
to
many
,
the
dignity
of
the
order
,
which
among
them
now
is
so
highly
estetmed
,
should
run
in
contempt
.
Specially
because
they
thinke
it
hard
to
find
many
so
good
,
as
to
be
meete
for
that
dignity
,
to
the
execution
and
discharge
wherof
,
it
is
not
sufficient
to
be
indued
with
meane
vertues
.
Furthermore
,
these
Priests
be
not
more
esteemed
of
their
owne
Countrey
men
,
then
they
be
of
forreigne
and
strange
Countries
.
Which
thing
may
hereby
plainly
appeare
.
And
I
thinke
also
that
this
is
the
cause
of
it
.
For
whiles
the
armies
be
fighting
together
in
open
field
,
they
a
little
beside
not
farre
off
kneele
vpon
their
knees
in
their
hallowed
vestments
,
holding
vp
their
hands
to
heaven
:
praying
first
of
all
for
peace
,
next
for
victory
of
their
owne
part
,
but
to
neither
part
a
bloudy
victory
.
If
their
Host
get
the
vpper
hand
,
they
runne
into
the
maine
Battaile
,
and
restraine
their
owne
men
from
slaying
and
cruelly
pursuing
their
vanquished
enemies
.
Which
enemies
,
if
they
doe
but
see
them
and
speake
to
them
,
it
is
enough
for
the
safeguard
of
their
lives
.
And
the
touching
of
their
cloathes
defendeth
and
saveth
all
their
goods
from
ravine
and
spoile
.
This
thing
hath
advanced
them
to
so
great
worship
and
true
Majesty
among
all
Nations
,
that
many
times
they
have
as
well
preserved
their
owne
Citizens
from
the
cruell
force
of
their
enemies
,
as
they
have
their
enemies
from
the
furious
rage
of
their
owne
men
.
For
it
is
well
knowne
,
that
when
their
owne
Army
hath
recoiled
and
in
despaire
turned
backe
,
and
runne
away
,
their
enemies
fiercely
pursuing
with
slaughter
and
spoile
,
then
the
Priests
comming
betweene
have
stayed
the
murder
,
and
parted
both
the
hoasts
.
So
that
peace
hath
beene
made
and
concluded
betweene
both
parts
vpon
equall
and
indifferent
conditions
.
For
there
was
never
any
Nation
,
so
fierce
,
so
cruell
,
and
rude
,
but
they
had
them
in
such
reverence
,
that
they
counted
their
bodies
hallowed
and
sanctified
,
and
therefore
not
to
be
violently
and
unreverently
touched
.
They
keepe
holy
the
first
The
next
day
they
come
to
the
Church
earely
in
the
morning
to
pray
to
God
that
they
may
have
good
fortune
and
successe
all
the
New
yeare
or
Moneth
,
which
they
doe
vse
to
begin
of
that
same
holy
day
.
But
in
the
holy
dayes
that
be
the
last
dayes
of
the
Moneths
and
yeares
,
before
they
come
to
the
Church
,
the
wives
fall
downe
prostrate
before
their
husbands
feet
at
home
,
and
the
children
before
the
feet
of
their
parents
,
confessing
and
acknowledging
themselves
offenders
either
by
some
actuall
deed
,
or
by
omission
of
their
duty
,
and
desire
pardon
for
their
offence
.
Thus
if
any
cloud
of
priuy
displeasure
was
risen
at
home
,
by
this
satisfaction
it
is
over-blowne
,
that
they
may
be
present
at
the
Sacrifices
with
pure
and
charitable
minds
.
For
they
be
afraid
to
come
there
with
troubled
consciences
.
Therefore
if
they
know
themselves
to
beare
any
hatred
or
grudge
towards
any
man
,
they
presume
not
to
come
to
the
sacrifices
,
before
they
have
reconciled
themselves
and
purged
their
consciences
,
for
feare
of
great
vengeance
and
punishment
for
their
offence
.
When
they
be
come
thither
,
the
men
goe
into
the
right
side
of
the
Church
,
and
the
women
into
the
left
side
.
There
they
place
themselves
in
such
order
,
When
the
Priest
first
commeth
out
of
the
Vestry
thus
apparelled
,
they
fall
downe
incontinent
every
one
reverently
to
the
ground
,
with
so
still
silence
,
that
the
very
fashion
of
the
thing
striketh
into
them
a
certaine
feare
of
God
,
as
though
he
were
there
personally
present
.
When
they
haue
l●en
a
little
space
on
the
ground
,
the
Priest
giveth
them
a
signe
to
rise
.
Then
they
sing
praises
vnto
God
,
which
they
intermixe
with
instruments
of
musicke
,
for
the
most
part
of
other
fashions
then-these
that
we
vse
in
this
part
of
the
world
.
In
these
prayers
every
man
recogniseth
,
and
knowledgeth
God
to
be
his
maker
,
his
governor
,
and
the
principall
cause
of
all
other
goodnesse
,
thanking
him
for
so
many
benefits
received
at
his
hand
.
But
namely
that
through
the
favour
of
God
he
hath
chanced
into
that
publike
weale
,
which
is
most
happy
and
wealthy
,
and
hath
chosen
that
religion
which
he
hopeth
to
be
most
true
.
In
the
which
thing
if
he
doe
any
thing
erre
,
or
if
there
be
any
other
better
then
either
of
them
is
,
being
more
acceptable
to
God
,
he
desireth
him
that
he
will
of
his
goodnes
let
him
have
knowledge
thereof
,
as
one
that
is
ready
to
follow
what
way
soever
he
will
lead
him
.
But
if
this
forme
and
fashion
of
a
Common-wealth
be
best
,
and
his
owne
religion
most
true
and
pefect
,
then
he
desireth
GOD
to
give
him
a
constant
stedfastnesse
in
the
same
,
and
to
bring
all
other
people
to
the
same
order
of
living
,
and
to
the
same
opinion
of
God
,
unlesse
there
be
any
thing
that
in
this
diversity
of
Religions
doth
delight
his
unsearchable
pleasure
.
To
be
short
,
he
prayeth
him
that
after
his
death
he
may
come
to
him
.
But
how
soone
or
late
that
he
dare
not
assigne
nor
determine
.
How
be
it
,
if
it
might
stand
with
his
Majesties
pleasure
,
he
would
be
much
gladder
to
die
a
painfull
death
and
so
to
goe
to
GOD
,
then
by
long
living
in
worldly
prosperity
to
be
away
from
him
.
When
this
prayer
is
said
,
they
fall
down
to
the
ground
againe
and
a
little
after
they
rise
vp
and
goe
to
dinner
.
And
the
residue
of
the
day
they
passe
over
in
playes
,
and
exercise
of
chiualry
.
Now
I
haue
declared
and
prescribed
unto
you
as
truely
as
I
could
,
the
forme
and
order
of
that
Common-wealth
,
which
verily
in
my
judgement
is
not
onely
the
best
,
but
also
that
which
alone
of
good
right
may
claime
and
take
vpon
it
the
name
of
a
Common-welth
or
publike
weal.
For
in
other
places
▪
they
speake
still
of
the
Common
wealth
.
But
every
man
procureth
his
owne
private
gaine
.
Here
where
nothing
is
private
,
the
common
affaires
be
earnestly
looked
vpon
.
And
truly
on
both
parts
they
have
good
cause
so
to
doe
as
they
doe
.
For
in
other
Countries
who
knoweth
not
that
he
shall
starve
for
hunger
,
unlesse
he
make
some
severall
provision
for
himselfe
,
though
the
Common
wealth
flourish
never
so
much
in
riches
?
And
therefore
he
is
compelled
even
of
very
necessity
to
haue
regard
to
himselfe
,
rather
then
to
the
people
,
that
is
to
say
,
to
others
.
Contrariwise
,
there
where
all
things
be
common
to
every
man
,
it
is
not
to
be
doubted
that
any
man
shall
lacke
any
thing
necessary
for
his
private
vses
,
so
that
the
common
store
houses
and
barnes
be
sufficiently
stored
.
For
there
nothing
is
destributed
after
a
niggish
sort
,
neither
there
is
any
poore
man
or
begger
.
And
though
no
man
have
any
thing
,
yet
every
man
is
rich
.
For
what
can
be
more
rich
,
then
to
live
joyfull
and
merrily
,
without
all
griefe
and
pensivenesse
:
Not
caring
for
his
owne
living
,
nor
vexed
or
troubled
with
his
wifes
importunate
complaints
,
nor
dreading
poverty
to
his
sonne
,
nor
sorrowfull
for
his
daughters
dowry
.
Yea
they
take
no
care
at
all
for
the
living
and
wealth
of
themselves
and
all
theirs
,
and
their
wives
,
their
children
,
their
nephewes
,
their
childrens
children
,
and
all
the
succession
that
ever
shall
follow
in
their
posterity
.
And
yet
besides
this
,
there
is
no
lesse
provision
for
them
that
were
once
labourers
,
and
be
now
weake
and
impotent
,
then
for
them
that
doe
now
labour
and
take
paine
.
Here
now
would
I
see
,
If
any
man
dare
be
so
bold
as
to
compare
with
the
equity
,
the
justice
of
other
Nations
.
Among
whom
,
I
forsake
GOD
,
if
I
can
find
any
signe
or
token
of
equity
and
justice
.
For
what
justice
is
this
,
that
a
rich
Gold-smith
,
or
an
Vsurer
,
or
to
be
short
,
any
of
them
,
which
either
doe
nothing
at
all
,
or
else
that
which
they
do
is
such
,
that
it
is
not
very
necessary
to
the
Common-wealth
,
should
have
a
pleasant
and
a
wealthy
living
,
either
by
idlenesse
,
or
by
unnecessary
businesse
:
When
in
the
meane
time
poore
labourers
,
Carters
,
yron
smiths
,
Carpenters
,
and
ploughmen
,
by
so
great
and
continuall
toyle
,
as
drawing
and
bearing
beasts
be
scant
able
to
sustaine
,
and
again
so
necessary
toyle
,
that
without
it
no
Common-wealth
were
able
to
continue
and
endure
one
yeare
,
should
yet
get
so
hard
and
poore
a
living
,
and
live
so
wretched
and
miserable
a
life
,
that
the
state
and
condition
of
the
labouring
beast
may
seeme
much
better
and
wealthier
?
For
they
be
not
put
to
so
continuall
labour
,
nor
their
living
is
not
much
worse
:
yea
,
to
them
much
pleasanter
,
taking
no
thought
in
the
meane
season
for
the
time
to
come
.
But
these
silly
poore
wretches
be
presently
tormented
with
barraine
and
unfruitfull
labour
.
And
the
remembrance
of
their
poore
indigent
and
beggerly
old
age
kille●●
them
vp
.
For
their
daily
wages
is
so
little
,
that
it
will
not
suffice
for
the
same
day
,
much
lesse
it
yeeldeth
any
over-plus
,
that
may
daily
be
laid
vp
for
the
reliefe
of
old
age
.
Is
not
this
an
unjust
,
and
an
unkind
Publique
weale
,
which
giveth
great
fees
and
rewards
to
Gentlemen
,
as
they
call
them
,
and
to
Goldsmiths
,
and
to
such
other
,
which
be
either
idle
persons
,
or
else
onely
flatterers
,
and
devisers
of
vaine
pleasures
:
And
of
the
contrary
part
,
maketh
no
gentle
provision
for
poore
Plowmen
,
Colliers
,
Labourers
,
Yron-smiths
,
and
Carpenters
,
without
whom
no
Common-wealth
can
continue
?
But
after
it
hath
abused
the
Labourers
of
their
lusty
and
flowring
age
,
at
the
last
when
they
be
oppressed
with
old
age
and
sicknesse
being
needy
,
poore
,
and
indigent
of
all
things
,
then
so
getting
their
so
many
painfull
watchings
,
not
remembring
their
so
many
and
so
great
benefits
,
recompenceth
and
acquainteth
them
most
unkindly
,
with
miserable
death
.
And
yet
besides
this
,
the
rich
men
not
onely
by
private
fraud
,
but
also
by
common
lawes
,
doe
every
day
plucke
and
snatch
away
from
the
poore
,
some
part
of
their
daily
living
.
So
whereas
it
seemed
before
unjust
to
repentance
with
unkindnesse
their
paines
,
that
they
have
beene
beneficiall
to
the
Common-weale
,
now
they
have
to
their
wrong
and
unjust
dealing
(
which
is
yet
a
much
worse
point
)
given
the
name
of
justice
,
yea
,
and
that
by
force
of
a
Law
.
Therefore
when
I
consider
and
weigh
in
my
mind
all
these
Common-wealths
,
which
now
a
dayes
any
where
do
flourish
,
so
GOD
helpe
me
,
I
can
perceive
nothing
but
a
certaine
conspiracy
of
rich
men
procuring
their
owne
commodities
,
under
the
name
and
title
of
the
Common-wealth
.
They
invent
and
devise
all
meanes
and
crafts
,
first
how
to
keepe
safely
without
feare
of
loosing
,
that
they
have
unjustly
gathered
together
:
and
next
how
to
hire
and
abuse
the
worke
and
labour
of
the
poore
for
as
little
money
as
may
be
.
These
devises
when
the
rich
men
have
decreed
to
be
kept
and
observed
under
colour
of
the
communalty
,
that
is
to
say
,
also
of
the
poore
people
,
then
they
be
made
lawes
.
But
these
most
vicious
and
wicked
men
,
when
they
have
by
their
unsatiable
covetousnesse
,
devided
among
themselves
all
those
things
which
would
have
sufficed
all
men
,
yet
how
farre
be
they
from
the
wealth
and
felicity
of
the
Vtopian
Common-wealth
?
Out
of
the
which
,
in
that
all
the
desire
And
I
doubt
not
that
either
the
respect
of
every
mans
private
commodity
,
or
else
the
authority
of
our
Saviour
Christ
This
forme
and
fashion
of
a
Weale
publike
,
which
I
would
gladly
wish
unto
all
Nations
,
I
am
glad
yet
that
it
chanced
to
the
Vtopians
,
which
have
followed
those
institutions
of
life
,
whereby
they
have
laid
such
foundations
of
their
Common-wealth
,
as
shall
continue
and
last
not
onely
wealthy
,
but
also
as
farre
as
mans
wit
may
judge
and
conjecture
,
shall
endure
for
ever
.
For
seeing
the
chiefe
causes
of
Ambition
▪
and
sedition
,
with
other
vices
,
be
plucked
vp
by
the
roots
,
and
abandoned
at
home
there
,
can
be
no
jeopardy
of
domesticall
dissention
,
which
alone
hath
cast
underfoot
and
brought
to
naught
the
wel-fortified
and
strongly
defenced
wealth
and
riches
of
many
Cities
.
But
for
as
much
as
perfect
concord
remaineth
,
and
wholsome
lawes
be
executed
at
home
,
the
envie
of
all
forreigne
Princes
be
not
able
to
shake
or
moove
the
Empire
,
though
they
have
many
times
long
agoe
gone
about
to
doe
it
,
being
evermore
driven
backe
.
Thus
when
RAPHAEL
had
made
an
end
of
his
tale
,
though
many
things
came
to
my
mind
,
which
in
the
manners
and
lawes
of
that
people
,
seemed
to
be
instituted
and
founded
of
no
good
reason
,
but
onely
in
the
fashion
of
their
chiualry
,
and
in
their
Sacrifices
,
and
Religions
,
and
in
other
of
their
Lawes
;
but
also
,
yea
and
chiefly
,
in
that
which
is
the
principall
foundation
of
all
their
ordinances
:
that
is
to
say
,
in
the
communalty
of
their
life
and
living
,
without
any
occupying
of
money
,
by
the
which
thing
onely
all
nobility
,
magnificience
,
worship
,
honour
,
and
majesty
,
the
true
ornaments
and
honours
,
as
the
common
opinion
is
,
of
a
Common-wealth
,
vtterly
be
overthrowne
and
destroyed
:
yet
because
I
knew
that
he
was
weary
of
talking
,
and
was
not
sure
whether
he
could
abide
that
any
thing
should
be
said
against
his
mind
:
specially
remembring
that
he
had
reprehended
this
fault
in
other
,
which
be
affraid
least
they
should
seeme
not
to
be
wise
enough
,
unlesse
they
could
find
some
fault
in
other
mens
inventions
:
therefore
I
praising
both
their
institutions
and
his
communication
,
tooke
him
by
the
hand
,
and
lead
him
into
supper
,
saying
that
we
would
choose
another
time
to
weigh
and
examine
the
same
matters
,
and
to
talke
with
him
more
at
large
therein
.
Which
would
GOD
it
might
once
come
to
passe
.
In
the
meane
time
,
as
I
cannot
agree
and
consent
to
all
things
that
he
said
,
being
else
without
doubt
a
man
singularly
well
learned
,
and
also
in
all
wordly
matter
exactly
and
profoundly
experienced
:
so
must
I
needs
confesse
and
grant
,
that
many
things
be
in
the
Vtopian
Weale-publique
,
which
in
our
Cities
I
may
rather
wish
for
,
then
hope
after
.
FINIS
.