THe wise Creator of the universall Globe , hath placed a golden meane betwixt two extreames : I meane the temperate Zones , betwixt the hote and cold ; and every Creature , that participates of Heavens blessings , with in the Compasse of that golden meane , is made most apt and fit , for man to use , who likewise by that wisedome is ordained to be the Lord of all . This globe may be his glasse , to teach him how to use moderation , and discretion , both in his actions and intentions . The wise man sayes , give mee neither riches nor poverty ; why ? Riches might make him proud like Nebuchadnezar , and poverty despaire , like Iobs wife ; but a meane betweene both . Vse of vegetatives . So it is likewise in the use of Vegetatives , that which hath too much Heate or too much Colde , is said to be venenum , so in the use of sensitives , all those Animals , of what genus or species soever they be , if they participate of heate or cold , in the superlative , are said to be Inimica naturae , Fish poysonous about the Isle of Sall. as in some Fishes about the Isle of Sall , and those Ilandes adjoyninge , betweene the Tropickes , their participatinge of heate and cold , in the superlative is made most manifest , one of which , poysoned a whole Ships company that eate of it . And so it is in Vipers , Toades , and Snakes , that have heate or cold in the superlative degree .

Therefore the Creatures that participate of heate and cold in a meane , are best and holsomest : And so it is in the choyse of love , the middell Zone betweene the two extreames is best , and it is therefore called Zona temperata , Zona temperata , the Golden meane . and is in the golden meane ; and all those Landes lying under that Zone , most requisite and fitt for habitation . In Cosmography , the two extreames are called , the one Torrida Zona , lying betweene the Tropickes , the other Frigida Zona , lying neare the Poles : all the landes lying under , either of these Zones , by reason , they doe participate too much of heate or cold , are very inconvenient , and are accompanied with many evils . And allthough I am not of opinion with Aristotle , that the landes under Torrida Zona , are alltogether uninhabited , I my selfe having beene so neare the equinoctiall line , that I have had the Sunn for my Zenith , and seene proofe to the contrary , yet cannot I deny , but that it is accompanied with many inconveniences , as that Fish and Flesh both will taint in those partes , notwithstanding the use of Salt which cannot be wanting there , ordained by natures hande-worke . Salt aboundeth under the Tropicks . And that is a great hinderance to the settinge forth and supply of navigation , the very Sinewes of a florishing Common-wealth . Then barrennesse , caused through want of raines , for in most of those partes of the world it is seldome accustomed to raine , untill the time of the Tornathees ( as the Portingals phrase is , who lived there ) and then it will raine about 40. dayes together , Raine 40. dayes about August betweene Cancer and the Line . which moisture serveth to fructify the earth for all the yeare after , duringe which time is seene no raine at all : the heate and cold , and length of day and night , being much alike , with little difference . And these raines are caused by the turning of the windes , which else betweene the Tropickes , doe blow Trade , that is allwayes one way . For next the Tropicke of Cancer it is constantly North-East , and next the Tropicke of Capricorne it is Southwest ; so that the windes comming from the Poles , do keepe the aire in those partes coole , and make it temperate and the partes habitable , were it not for those and other inconveniences .

IN the yeare since the incarnation of Christ , 1622. it was my chance to be landed in the parts of New England , where I found two sortes of people , the one Christians , the other Infidels , these I found most full of humanity , and more friendly then the other : as shall hereafter be made apparant in Dew-Course , by their severall actions from time to time , whilest lived among them After my arrivall in those partes , I endeavoured by all the wayes and meanes that I could to find out from what people or nation , the Natives of New England might be conjectured originlly to proceede , & by continuance & conversation amongst them , I attaned to so much of their language , as by all probable conjecture may make the same manifest , for it hath been found by divers , and those of good judgement that the Natives of this Country , doe use very many wordes both of Greeke and Latine , to the same signification that the Latins and Greekes have done , The Natives have a mixed language . as en animia , when an Indian expresseth , that hee doth any thing with a good will ; and Pascopan signifieth gredygut , Pasco Pan greedy gutt . this being the name of an Indian that was so called of a Child , through the greedinesse of his minde , and much eating , for Pasco in Latine signifieth to feede , and Pan in Greeke signifieth all , and Pasco nantum , quasi pasco nondum , halfe starved , or not eating , as yet ; Mona an Island . Equa coge , set it upright , Mona is an Island in their language , quasi Monon , that is alone , for an Island is a peece or plott of ground standing alone , and devided , from the mane Land by force of water .

Cos a Whetstone . Cos is a Whetstone with them . Hame an instrument to take Fish , many places doe retaine the name of Pan , as Pantneket and Matta pan , so that it may be thought that these people heretofore , have had the name of Pan in great reverence and estimation , Pan the Shepheards God . and it may bee have worshipped Pan the great God of the Heathens : Howsoever they doe use no manner of worship at all now : and it is most likely that the Natives of this Country , are descended from people bred upon that part of the world , which is towardes the Tropicke of Cancer , for they doe still retaine the memory of some of the Starres one that part of thea Caelestiall Globe , as the North-starre , which with them is called Maske , for Maske in their Language signifieth a Beare , and they doe divide the windes into eight partes , and it seemes originally , have had some litterature amongst them , which time hath Cancelled and worne cut of use , and where as it hath beene the opinion of some men , which shall be nameles , that the Natives of New-England may proceede from the race of the Tartars , and come from Tartaria into those partes , over the frozen Sea .

Not to proceede from the Tartars . I see no probality for any such Conjecture , for as much , as a people once setled , must be remooved by compulsion , or else tempted thereunto in hope of better fortunes , upon commendations of the place , unto which they should be drawne to remoove , and if it may be thought , that these people came over the frozen Sea , then would it be by compulsion , if so , then by whome , or when ? or what part of this mane continent may be thought to border upon the Country of the Tartars , it is yet unknowne , No part of America knowne to be neare Tartary . and it is not like , that a people well enough at ease , will of their one accord undertake to travayle over a Sea of Ice , considering how many difficulties they shall encounter with , as first whether there be any Land at the end of their unknowne way , no Land beinge in view , then want of Food to sustane life in the meane time upon that Sea of Ice , or how should they doe for Fuell , to keepe them at night from freezing to death , which will not bee had in such a place , but it may perhaps be granted that the Natives of this Country might originally come of the scattred Trojans : For after that Brutus , who was the forth from Aneas , left Latium upon the conflict had with the Latines , ( where although hee gave them a great overthrow , Why Brutus left Latium . to the Slaughter of their grand Captaine and many other of the Heroes of Latium , yet hee held it more safety to depart unto some other place , and people , then by staying to runne the hazard of an unquiet life or doubtfull Conquest , which as history maketh mention hee performed ; ) this people were dispersed there is no question , but the people that lived with him , by reason of their conversation with the Graecians and Latines , had a mixed language that participated of both , whatsoever was that which was proper to their owne nation at first ; I know not for this is commonly seene where 2. nations traffique together , the one indevouring to understand the others meaning makes them both many times speak a mixed language , Two Nations meetinge make a mixt language . as is approoved by the Natives , of New England , through the coveteous desire they have , to commerce with our nation , and wee with them .

And when Brutus did depart from Latium , we doe not finde that his whole number went with him at once , or arrived at one place ; and being put to Sea might encounter with a storme , that would carry them out of sight of Land , and then they might sayle God knoweth whether , and so might be put upon this Coast , as well as any other ; Daedalus the first that use Sayles . Compasse I bele had none in those dayes ; Sayles they might have , ( which Daedalus the first inventor thereof ) left to after ages , having taught his Sonne Icarus the use of it , who to his Cost found how dangerous it is , Icarus the second that used Sayles . for a Sonne not to observe the precepts of a wise Father , so that the Icarian Sea , now retaines the memory of it to this day , and Victuals they might have good store , and many other things fittinge , oares without all question , they would store themselves with , in such a case , but for the use of Compasse there is no mention made of it at that time ( which was much about Sauls time the first that was made King of Israell . Troy destroyed about Sauls time . ) Yet it is thought ( and that not without good reason for it ) that the use of the Loadstone , The Loadstone in Salomons time . and Compasse was knowne in Salomons time , for as much as hee sent Shippes to fetch of the gould of Ophir , to adorne and bewtify that magnificent Temple of Hierusalem , by him built for the glory of Almighty God , and by his speciall appointment : and it is held by Cosmographers to be 3. yeares voyage from Hierusalem to Ophir , and it is conceaved that such a voyage could not have beene performed , without the helpe of the Loadstone and Compasse .

And why should any man thinke , the Natives of New England , to be the gleanings of all Nations , onely because by the pronunciation and termination their words seeme to trench upon severall languages , when time hath not furnished him with the interpretation thereof , the thinge that must induce a man of reasonabe capacity to any maner of conjecture , of their originall , must by the sence and signification of the words , principally to frame this argument by , when hee shall drawe to any conclusion thereupon , otherwise hee shall but runne rounde about a maze ( as some of the fantasticall tribe use to do about the tythe of muit and comin . ) Therfore since I have had the approbation of Sir Christopher gardiner Knight an able gentl. that lived amongst them & of David Tompson a Scottish gentl. that likewise was conversant with those people both Scollers and Travellers that were diligent in taking notice of these things as men of good judgement . And that have bin in those parts any time ; besides others of lesse , now I am bold to conclude that the originall of the Natives of New England may be well conjectured to be from the scattered Trojans , after such time as Brutus departed from Latium .

IT fortuned some few yeares , before the English came to inhabit at new Plimmouth in New England ; that upon some distast given in the Massachussets bay , by Frenchmen , then trading there with the Natives for beaver , they set upon the men , at such advantage , that they killed manie of them burned their shipp then riding at Anchor by an Island there , now called Peddocks Island in memory of Leonard Peddock that landed there ( where many wilde Anckies haunted that time which hee thought had bin tame , ) distributing them unto 5. Sachems which were Lords of the severall territories adjoyninge , they did keepe them so longe as they lived , onely to sport themselves at them , Five Frenchmen kept by the Salvages . and made these five Frenchmen fetch them wood and water , which is the generall worke that they require of a servant , one of these five men out livinge the rest had learned so much of their language , as to rebuke them for their bloudy deede , saying that God would be angry with them for it ; and that hee would in his displeasure destroy them ; but the Salvages ( it seemes boasting of their strenght , ) replyed and sayd , that they were so many , that God could not kill them .

The Plague fell on the Indians . But contrary wise in short time after , the hand of God fell heavily upon them , with such a mortall stroake , that they died on heapes , as they lay in their houses and the living ; that were able to shift for themselves would runne away , & let them dy , and let there Carkasesly above the ground without buriall . For in a place where many inhabited , there had been but one left a live , to tell what became of the rest , the livinge being ( as it seemes ) not able to bury the dead , The livinge not able to bury the dead . they were left for Crowes , Kites , and vermin to pray upon . And the bones and skulls upon the severall places of their habitations , made such a spectacle after my comming into those partes , that as I travailed in that Forrest , nere the Massachussets , it seemed to mee a new found Golgatha .

THe Natives of New England are accustomed to build them houses , much like the wild Irish , they gather Poles in the woodes and put the great end of them in the ground , placinge them in forme of a circle or circumference , and bendinge the topps of them in forme of an Arch , they bind them together with the Barke of Walnut trees , which is wondrous tuffe , so that they make the same round on the Topp .

THe Indians in these parts do make their apparrell , of the skinnes of severall sortes of beastes , and commonly of those , that doe frequent those partes where they doe live , yet some of them for variety , will have the skinnes of such beasts that frequent the partes of their neighbors , which they purchase of them , by Commerce and Trade .

The Indians make good lether . These skinnes they couvert into very good lether , making the same plume and soft . Some of these skinnes they dresse with the haire on , and some with the haire off ; the hairy side in winter time they weare next their bodies , and in warme weather , they weare the haire outwardes : they make likewise some Coates of the Feathers of Turkies , which they weave together with twine of their owne makinge , very prittily : these garments they weare like mantels knit over their shoulders , and put under their arme : they have likewise another sort of mantels , made of Mose skinnnes , which beast is a great large Deere , so bigge as a horse , these skinnes they commonly dresse bare , and make them wondrous white , and stripe them with size , round about the borders , in forme like lace set on by a Taylor , and some they stripe with size , Indians ingenious workemen for their garments . in workes of severall fashions very curious , according to the severall fantasies of the workemen , wherein they strive to excell one another : And Mantels made of Beares skinnes is an usuall wearinge , among the Natives , that live where the Beares doe haunt : they make shooes of Mose skinnes , which is the principall leather used to that purpose ; and for want of such lether ( which is the strongest ) they make shooes of Deeres skinnes , very handsomly and commodious , and of such deeres skinnes as they dresse bare , they make stockinges , that comes within their shooes , like a stirrop stockinge , and is fastned above at their belt which is about their middell ; Every male after hee attaines unto the age , which they call Pubes , wereth a belt about his middell , and a broad peece of lether that goeth betweene his leggs , and is tuckt up both before and behinde under that belt , The modesty of the Indian men . and this they weare to hide their secreats of nature ; which by no meanes they will suffer to be seene , so much modesty they use in that particular , those garments they allwayes put on , when they goe a huntinge to keepe their skinnes from t●● brush of the Shrubbs , and when they have rheir Apparrell one , they looke like Irish in their trouses , the Stockinges joyne so to their breeches . A good well growne deere skin is of great account with them , and it must have the tale on , or else they account it defaced , the tale being three times as long as the tales of our English Deere , yea foure times so longe , this when they travell is raped round about their body , and with a girdle of their making , bound round about their middles , to which girdle is fastned a bagg , in which his instruments be , with which hee can strike fire upon any occasion .

Indians travaile with materials to strike fire at all times . Thus with their bow in their left hand , and their quiuer of Arrowes at their back , hanging one their left shoulder with the lower end of it , in their right hand , they will runne away a dogg trot , untill they come to their journey end , and in this kinde of ornament , ( they doe seeme to me ) to be hansomer , then when they are in English apparrell , their gesture being answerable to their one habit and not unto ours .

Their women have shooes and stockinges to weare likewise when they please , such as the men have , but the mantle they use to cover their nakednesse with , is much longer then that , which the men use ; for as the men have one Deeres skinn , the women have two soed together at the full lenght , and it is so lardge that it trailes after them , like a great Ladies trane , and in time I thinke they may have their Pages to beare them up and where the men use but one Beares skinn for a Mantle , the women have two soed together ; and if any of their women would at any time shift one , they take that which they intend to make use of , and cast it over them round , before they shifte away the other , for modesty , The Indians ashamed of their nakednesse . being unwilling to be seene to discover their nakednesse , and the one being so cast over , they slip the other from under them in a decent manner , which is to be noted in people uncivilized , tberein they seeme to have as much modesty as civilized people , and deserve to be applauded for it .

THe women of this Country , are not suffered to be used for procreation , untill the ripenesse of their age ; at which time they weare a redd cap made of lether in forme like to our flat caps , and this they weare for the space of 12. moneths : for all men to take notice of them that have any minde to a wife ; and then it is the custome of some of their Sachems or Lords of the territories , to have the first say or maidenhead of the females ? ( very apt they are ) to be with childe , and very laborious when they beare children , yea when they are as great as they can be , The women big with child , very laborious . yet in that case they neither forbeare laboure , nor travaile , I have seene them in that plight with burthens at their backs enough to load a horse , yet doe they not miscarry , but have a faire delivery , and a quick , their women are very good midwifes , and the women very lusty after delivery and in a day or two will travell or trudge about . Their infants are borne with haire on their heads ; and are of complexion white as our nation , but their mothers in their infancy make a bath of Wallnut leaves , Children bathed to staine the skinne . huskes of Walnuts , and such thing as will staine their skinne for ever , wherein they dip and washe them to make them tawny , the coloure of their haire is black , and their eyes black , these infants are carried at their mothers backs , by the help of a cradle made of a board forket at both ends , whereon the childe is fast bound , and wrapped in furres : his knees thrust up towards his bellie , because they may be the more usefull for them when he sitteth , which is as a dogge does on his bumme , and this cradle surely preserues them better then the cradles of our nation ; for as much , as we finde them well propertioned not any of them , crooked backed or wry legged , and to give their charracter in a worde , they are as proper men and women for feature and limbes as can be found , for flesh and bloud as active : longe handed they are , ( I never sawe a clunchfisted Salvadg amonst them all in my time . ) The colour of their eies being so generally black , made a Salvage ( that had a younge infant whose eies were gray , ) shewed him to us and said they were English men eies , I tould the Father , that his sonne was nan weeteo , which is a bastard , hee replied titta Cheshetue squaa , which is hee could not tell ; his wife might play the whore and this childe the father desired might have an English name , because of the likenesse of his eies which his father had in admiration , because of novelty amongst their Nation .