THE
GVNNERS
DIALOGVE
.
Question
1.
HOw
many
things
ought
a
Gunner
to
vnderstand
,
and
bee
able
to
performe
,
before
hee
take
vpon
him
the
charge
of
Ordnance
?
Answer
.
Very
many
,
as
to
know
the
Force
and
Nature
,
Refining
,
Cleansing
,
Rectifying
and
Receits
of
the
Materialls
,
for
the
making
and
renewing
of
Gun-powder
.
The
Names
,
Proofes
,
Vses
,
Pore
,
Length
,
Weight
and
Fortification
of
euery
Peece
,
and
each
part
thereof
.
The
Vent
and
Weight
of
all
manner
of
Shot
of
any
height
,
Metall
,
Stone
or
Receipt
named
;
what
quantitie
of
any
sort
of
Powder
is
due
for
the
loading
of
each
Peece
,
for
any
Shot
assigned
,
to
shoot
effectually
at
any
Marke
within
the
Peeces
Right
Range
,
called
Point
blanke
,
or
Deadrange
,
or
vtmost
randon
Leuell
,
Mounted
,
or
Imbased
,
and
many
others
.
Quest.
2.
How
ought
he
to
be
qualified
,
and
goe
prouided
?
Ans.
With
many
good
parts
and
needfull
things
,
as
reading
,
writing
,
Arithmeticke
to
cast
vp
proportions
,
Geometry
to
measure
lines
surfaces
and
bodies
,
with
Discretion
to
gouerne
his
many
affaires
and
occasions
,
with
vigilant
and
diligent
care
to
keepe
safe
his
powder
and
Ordnance
from
vntimely
mischances
and
dangerous
accidents
:
he
should
not
be
amongst
his
Guns
without
his
Horne
furnished
with
Priming
powder
,
and
his
Case
with
all
sorts
of
Priming
irons
,
his
Sword
,
Steele
,
and
Tinderbox
to
light
a
match
at
pleasure
,
ready
to
defend
himselfe
and
his
charge
from
iniuries
.
Q.
3.
What
are
the
names
,
and
vses
of
our
vsuall
English
Ordnance
?
A.
First
,
the
double
Canon
or
Cannon
of
eight
inches
high
,
and
the
whole
Canon
or
Cannon
of
seuen
inches
high
in
bore
,
and
the
Di.
Canons
,
and
secondly
the
whole
and
Demy
Culuerings
,
all
which
are
vsed
in
Batteries
,
especially
the
Canons
,
by
reason
the
greater
weight
of
their
shots
doe
batter
and
shake
a
wall
or
defence
,
more
than
lighter
shot
could
doe
;
the
Culuerings
are
most
commonly
to
reach
sarre
off
,
and
yet
to
beat
into
a
strong
opposing
marke
or
obiect
,
with
a
large
Orafice
.
Thirdly
,
the
Saker
,
Minion
,
Falcon
,
or
Falconet
&c.
shooting
also
iron
cast
shot
(
as
all
the
forenamed
Peeces
doe
)
are
to
shoot
at
strong
and
hard
resisting
obiects
and
markes
also
farre
off
,
but
the
latter
being
of
lower
height
in
bore
shooting
lesser
shot
,
do
consequently
pierce
smaller
holes
then
the
former
.
Fourthly
,
the
Periors
,
as
the
Canon
Perior
,
Periera
,
Fowler
,
Port
Peece
&c.
that
shoot
either
stone
shot
,
murdering
shot
,
or
Fire-workes
,
either
Cambred
,
that
is
,
hauing
a
lesser
bore
backwards
,
wherein
the
charge
of
Powder
is
to
lye
,
as
the
Bambard
,
Canon
Periors
,
and
our
Drakes
haue
.
Or
else
they
are
chambred
,
and
hauing
Chambers
to
put
in
behind
their
chases
to
load
them
with
,
as
the
Fowler
Port-peece
,
Slings
,
Portingale
Bases
haue
.
Q.
4.
What
and
how
many
are
the
Simples
or
Materialls
of
Gun-powder
,
and
their
qualities
,
and
how
are
they
to
be
Refined
and
proportionally
Mixed
or
Compounded
together
?
A.
The
Simples
whereof
Powder
is
made
and
compounded
,
are
only
three
,
namely
,
Salpeter
,
which
is
the
soule
,
and
Sulpher
,
which
is
the
Life
,
and
Cole
,
which
is
the
Body
thereof
.
For
the
qualities
,
Salpeeter
will
rarifie
,
being
fired
,
and
turne
into
wind
,
which
causeth
the
force
.
The
Sulpher
will
kindle
,
and
take
fire
quickly
;
and
the
Coale
will
maintaine
the
fire
and
carry
them
vp
together
.
Salpeter
is
best
refined
,
being
dissolued
in
a
little
water
,
and
boiled
&
scummed
,
being
set
to
congeale
,
it
will
in
part
shoot
like
Isicles
into
roch
,
which
is
the
best
;
the
rest
may
be
either
so
refined
again
,
or
cleansed
from
the
Feces
of
grease
,
Alum
and
salt
which
accompany
it
.
Sulpher
is
cleansed
by
melting
it
often
,
and
straining
it
thorow
a
strong
canuas
cloth
.
The
Coale
if
it
be
well
burned
of
Alder
,
Hazle
,
birch
and
young
wood
without
barke
or
knot
,
will
also
be
rectified
for
the
purpose
.
When
a
quantity
of
Powder
is
to
be
made
,
first
resolue
of
the
vse
,
whether
it
be
for
Ordnance
,
Musket
,
or
Pistoll
,
for
Ordnance
,
called
Canon
Powder
grease
,
or
the
Receit
called
foure
,
one
and
one
.
And
for
the
Musket
,
called
Hargubusse
Powder
,
and
for
Pistoll
fine
Powder
,
the
first
is
of
fiue
,
one
and
one
,
the
latter
of
six
,
one
and
one
,
by
which
is
meant
foure
,
siue
,
or
six
parts
of
Peeter
,
to
one
part
of
Sulpher
,
and
one
part
of
Coale
.
Q.
5.
How
much
Powder
is
it
fit
to
allow
each
Peece
for
proofe
,
and
for
Action
?
A.
For
the
Cannons
proofe
⅘
and
for
seruice
½
of
the
weight
of
her
iron
shot
,
for
the
Culuering
and
lesser
Ordnance
,
the
whole
weight
of
their
proper
shots
for
proofe
,
and
for
Action
for
the
Culuering
⅔
,
and
for
the
Saker
and
Falcon
⅘
,
and
for
lesser
Peeces
the
whole
weight
in
Action
vntill
they
grow
hot
,
for
then
must
abatement
be
made
with
discretion
.
But
in
proofe
the
small
Peeces
should
haue
once
and
⅓
of
Powder
that
the
shots
weigheth
.
Q.
6.
What
if
Ordnance
Powder
of
4.1.1
.
be
wanting
,
and
yet
Hargubusse
or
fine
Powder
be
in
store
,
how
will
you
then
proportion
your
Charge
?
A.
For
the
|
|
4.1.1
.
|
5.1.1
.
|
6.1.1
.
|
Canon
Double
of
8
|
40
l
|
37
l
¼
|
35
l
6
oz
|
Whole
of
7
|
33
l
¼
|
31
l
⅓
|
29
l
7
oz
|
Demi
Cannon
|
20
l
|
18
⅔
|
17
l
9
oz
|
|
Culuering
|
15
l
|
13
l
¾
|
13
l
|
Demi
Culuering
|
7
l
|
6
|
5
¼
|
|
Saker
|
4
|
3
½
|
3
¼
|
|
Minion
|
3
½
|
3
¼
|
3
l
|
|
Falcon
|
2
l
|
1
¾
|
1
l
9
oz
|
Cannon
Per.
⅓
of
the
stone
shot
in
powder
with
discretion
abating
5
li
pro
Cent.
Q.
7.
If
Scales
and
Ladles
be
wanting
,
how
many
Dyameters
of
the
shots
height
in
powder
will
make
a
reasonable
charge
for
any
Peece
assigned
?
A.
For
the
Canon
2
½
,
for
Culuering
3
,
and
for
the
Saker
3
½
,
for
lesser
Peeces
4
Diametres
of
the
Cillinder
.
For
3
Diametres
make
⅔
,
and
3
⅔
make
⅘
,
and
4
Diametres
and
½
make
the
whole
weight
of
a
cast
iron
shot
,
it
being
corne
powder
;
which
length
will
also
serue
for
the
measure
of
Cartredges
for
the
like
Peeces
.
Q.
8.
What
proportions
are
betweene
each
of
those
sorts
of
powder
,
namely
betweene
4.1.1
.
and
5.1.1
.
and
6.1.1
.
concerning
their
Forces
?
A.
From
the
first
of
4.1.1
.
to
the
second
of
5.1.1
.
the
proportion
is
as
6
to
7
,
viz.
1/7
difference
.
And
from
the
first
to
the
third
of
6.1.1
.
is
as
6
to
8
,
which
is
¼
,
and
the
second
to
the
third
,
is
as
7
to
8
,
which
is
⅛
in
Force
augmentingly
more
.
Q.
9.
What
are
the
vsuall
weights
of
each
shot
being
either
of
Lead
,
Iron
,
or
Stone
?
A.
I
haue
here
set
them
seuerally
downe
in
manner
of
a
Table
,
wherein
the
first
Columne
signifieth
the
height
of
the
Diametre
of
any
shot
between
two
and
eight
inches
height
,
and
the
parts
proceeding
from
quarter
to
quarter
successiuely
.
|
Inches
,
|
Lead
,
|
Iron
,
|
Stone
.
|
|
2
|
1li.
11oz.
|
1li.
1oz.
|
0li.
7oz.
|
|
2
¼
|
2
—
0
|
1
—
9
|
0
—
9
|
|
2
½
|
3
—
0
|
2
—
2
|
0
—
12
|
|
2
¾
|
4
—
3
|
2
—
14
|
1
—
0
|
|
3
|
5
—
0
|
3
—
12
|
1
—
4
|
|
3
¼
|
6
—
9
|
4
—
12
|
1
—
8
|
|
3
½
|
8
—
1
|
6
—
1
|
2
—
0
|
|
3
¾
|
9
—
14
|
7
—
5
|
2
—
7
|
|
4
|
11-5
|
8
—
15
|
2
—
13
|
|
4
¼
|
15-15
|
10-10
|
3
—
10
|
|
4
½
|
17-15
|
12-10
|
4
—
3
|
|
4
¾
|
21-5
|
14
14
|
5
—
9
|
|
5
|
24-12
|
17-5
|
6
—
3
|
|
5
¼
|
30
0
|
20-1
|
7
—
8
|
|
5
½
|
35-10
|
23-2
|
8
—
14
|
|
5
¾
|
39-9
|
26-6
|
10-10
|
|
6
|
45-0
|
30-0
|
11-4
|
|
6
¼
|
51-0
|
34-0
|
12-12
|
|
6
½
|
57-0
|
38-0
|
14-3
|
|
6
¾
|
63-0
|
42-0
|
15-12
|
|
7
|
72-0
|
48-0
|
17-10
|
|
7
¼
|
79
8
|
53-0
|
19-14
|
|
7
½
|
87-0
|
58-0
|
21-12
|
|
|
7
¼
|
96-0
|
64
0
|
24-0
|
|
8
|
106
|
72-10
|
26-12
|
Q.
10.
How
much
is
the
height
of
the
Bore
,
length
of
the
Chace
,
weight
of
the
Peece
,
weight
of
the
powder
,
and
length
of
the
Ladle
,
proper
to
each
Peece
?
A.
I
haue
here
also
set
them
downe
in
a
Table
for
the
keeping
them
the
better
in
memory
,
as
followeth
.
|
Names
of
the
Peeces
,
|
Height
of
Bore
,
Inches
,
|
Length
in
Diametres
,
|
Weight
in
Metall
,
Pounds
,
|
Weight
of
Powder
,
|
Length
of
the
Ladles
Inches
.
|
Cannon
of
8
|
8
|
15
|
8000
|
40
li
|
24
|
Cannon
of
7
|
7
|
16
|
7000
|
25
li
|
22
|
Demi
Cannon
|
6
½
|
18
|
6000
|
20
li
|
21
|
|
Culuering
|
5
½
|
28
|
4500
|
15
li
|
20
|
Demi
Culuering
|
4
½
|
32
|
2500
|
9
li
|
18
|
|
Saker
|
3
½
|
36
|
1500
|
5
li
¼
|
16
|
|
Minion
|
3
¼
|
30
|
1200
|
3
li
¾
|
15
|
|
Falcon
|
2
¾
|
42
|
700
|
2
li
½
|
14
|
|
Falconet
|
2
¼
|
48
|
500
|
1
li
¼
|
12
|
Cannon
Perior
|
9.10.12
|
8
|
3500
|
3
li
3
li
⅓
4
li
|
3
|
Demi
Can
Drake
|
6
½
|
16
|
3000
|
9
li
|
4
½
|
Culuering
Drake
|
5
½
|
16
|
2000
|
5
li
|
4
½
|
Demi
Cul.
Drake
|
4
½
|
16
|
1500
|
3
li
½
|
4
½
|
Saker
Drake
|
3
½
|
18
|
1200
|
2
li
|
4
½
|
Q.
11.
How
and
what
is
it
to
Tertiate
and
measure
any
Peece
,
and
how
much
ought
they
to
be
in
thicknesse
of
Metall
at
their
Touch-holes
,
Truions
,
and
Neckes
?
A.
There
are
three
differences
in
Fortification
of
each
sort
of
Ordnance
,
be
they
of
the
kindes
of
Cannons
,
or
of
Culuerings
;
For
they
are
either
ordinarily
Fortified
,
or
lessened
,
or
double
fortified
,
and
common
or
Legitimate
Peeces
,
Bastard
Peeces
,
or
Extraordinary
Peeces
.
For
the
Cannon
double
Fortified
,
hath
fully
one
Diametre
in
thicknesse
of
Metall
at
her
Touch-hole
,
and
11/16
at
her
Trunions
,
and
7/16
at
her
Necke
,
whereas
the
ordinary
fortified
Cannons
haue
but
⅞
at
at
the
Touch-hole
,
and
⅝
at
the
Trunions
,
and
but
⅜
at
the
Necke
.
And
the
lessened
Cannons
haue
at
the
Touch-hole
but
¾
,
and
at
the
Trunions
9/16
,
and
at
the
Necke
5/16.
Now
all
the
double
fortified
Culuerings
,
and
all
lesser
Peeces
of
that
kind
,
haue
one
diametre
and
⅛
in
thicknesse
of
Metall
at
the
Touch-hole
,
and
15/16
at
the
Trunions
,
and
9/16
at
the
Necke
.
And
the
ordinary
fortified
Culuerings
haue
like
to
the
double
fortified
Cannons
,
but
one
diametre
of
Metal
in
thicknesse
at
the
Touch-hole
,
11/16
at
the
Trunions
,
and
7/16
at
the
Necke
.
And
the
lessened
Culuerings
haue
⅞
at
the
Touch-hole
,
and
at
the
Trunions
⅝
,
and
at
the
Necke
but
⅜
,
as
the
ordinary
fortified
Cannons
haue
.
Q.
12.
What
are
the
difference
betweene
the
Common
or
Legitimate
Peeces
,
and
the
Bastard
Peeces
,
and
the
Extraordinary
Peeces
?
A.
Common
or
Legitimate
Peeces
are
such
Ordnance
as
haue
a
due
length
of
their
Chases
proportioned
according
to
the
height
of
their
proper
Bores
,
euen
as
they
are
expressed
in
the
last
precedent
Table
,
Bastard
Peeces
are
such
as
haue
shorter
Chases
than
the
proportion
of
their
Bore
doth
require
:
and
Extraordinary
Peeces
,
are
such
Ordnance
as
haue
longer
Chases
than
the
proportion
of
the
Bore
alloweth
.
And
they
are
called
Bastard
Culuerings
,
and
Extraordinary
Culuerings
,
and
so
Bastard
Saker
Faulcons
,
or
Extraordinary
Sakers
or
Faulcons
,
&c.
accordingly
as
their
Bores
come
nearest
to
the
Culuering
,
Saker
,
or
Falcon
Bores
,
&c.
Q.
13.
How
will
you
finde
whether
a
Peece
of
Ordnance
be
cleare
from
Flawes
,
Crackes
,
and
Hony
combe
?
A.
Hauing
first
clensed
and
cleared
the
Peece
with
a
Wad-hook
and
Ladle
,
from
all
loading
,
foulenesse
,
dust
and
stones
,
which
you
may
know
by
putting
in
the
Rammer
head
vp
to
the
Breech
,
and
with
a
priming
iron
put
downe
into
the
Touch-hole
,
if
it
take
hold
of
the
Rammer
head
,
it
is
cleare
of
loading
and
stones
,
then
the
Ladle
and
spung
will
get
out
the
dust
.
But
to
know
whether
any
Crackes
,
Flawes
,
or
Hony-combes
be
within
her
Chase
or
Chamber
,
put
in
an
vsuall
Searcher
,
made
with
two
or
three
springs
with
points
like
great
pinnes
heads
,
bending
outwards
,
which
being
bended
together
with
your
hand
,
vntill
it
will
enter
into
the
mouth
of
the
Peece
,
and
that
put
vp
to
the
bottome
of
the
Bore
,
and
turned
round
in
the
motion
of
pulling
it
in
and
out
of
the
Chase
;
so
if
any
Hony-combes
be
therein
,
it
will
sticke
with
the
points
in
the
said
Flaw
,
Crack
or
Hony-combe
.
Also
in
a
sun-shine
day
,
with
a
looking-glasse
,
the
Sunne
beams
may
so
be
reflected
into
the
Chase
,
as
that
all
flawes
,
crackes
and
spungie
Hony-combes
may
be
discerned
.
Or
if
the
Sun
shine
not
,
a
Wax
candle
lighted
and
put
vpon
the
end
of
a
halfe
Pike
,
or
a
bright
Sword
,
will
also
reflect
the
Sunne-beames
,
as
afore-said
.
Now
if
no
flaw
be
found
,
you
may
proceed
to
her
proofe
,
but
if
any
be
therein
,
that
Peece
is
dangerous
for
breaking
,
and
second
lading
,
and
had
need
to
be
carefully
proued
,
and
respectiuely
handled
,
lest
in
Lading
the
second
time
,
any
fire
remaine
therein
to
enflame
the
second
Charge
.
Therefore
,
if
any
such
Peece
must
needs
be
vsed
,
you
must
notneglect
to
spunge
her
well
first
,
with
a
wet
spunge
.
And
also
after
spunging
,
aduisement
taken
,
not
to
allow
such
Peeces
the
ordinary
lading
of
powder
,
but
with
discretion
an
abatement
must
be
made
,
more
or
lesse
,
according
as
the
fault
or
defect
is
found
to
be
more
or
lesse
.
Q.
14.
What
if
the
mouth
of
a
Peece
be
growne
wider
then
the
rest
of
her
Chase
within
,
by
meanes
of
wearing
,
how
will
you
choose
shot
sit
for
her
?
A.
I
will
trie
with
seuerall
Rammers
heads
,
or
if
need
be
,
Face
them
by
little
and
little
,
vntill
I
thereby
finde
the
lowest
bore
within
the
Chase
(
except
the
Camber
be
Taper-bored
,
as
the
Drakes
and
some
Periors
are
)
and
then
fit
my
shot
to
that
lowest
bore
,
alwayes
allowing
1/20
of
that
height
for
vent
.
Q.
15.
What
if
you
be
commanded
to
serue
with
a
Peece
that
hath
lyen
long
charged
,
that
either
the
shot
is
growne
fast
to
the
inside
of
the
Peece
with
rust
,
or
the
shot
being
torted
too
high
,
or
ouall
doth
sticke
by
the
way
,
and
so
may
be
dangerous
for
Peece
,
and
Gunner
discharging
it
?
A.
I
wil
not
aduenture
to
discharge
a
Peece
so
long
loaded
,
as
I
may
not
know
what
accidents
since
haue
hapned
,
but
with
a
Wad-hooke
will
draw
the
Wad
,
and
try
with
the
Ladle
to
draw
or
moue
the
shot
;
which
if
I
cannot
doe
,
I
will
first
eleuate
her
,
and
powre
warme
water
in
at
her
mouth
(
and
stop
the
Touch-hole
)
to
dissolue
the
Petre
,
and
eight
or
ten
houres
after
,
I
will
vnbase
her
,
(
setting
a
vessell
vnder
her
mouth
)
to
receiue
the
liquor
that
shal
drain
out
;
then
a
day
or
two
after
I
will
put
in
a
small
quantitie
of
drie
powder
at
the
Touch-hole
,
and
try
if
I
can
blow
out
the
shot
therewith
,
if
not
,
I
will
then
powre
in
warme
oyle
and
vineger
,
and
turne
her
round
,
so
that
the
vpper
side
may
be
side-wise
and
downwards
in
that
motion
;
then
with
her
Ladle
or
Rammer
,
or
both
,
I
shall
doubtlesse
loosen
the
shot
,
and
so
draw
it
,
or
blow
it
out
,
otherwise
the
Peece
will
be
euer
after
vnseruiceable
without
new
founding
.
Q.
16.
What
Instruments
are
most
fit
for
a
Gunners
vse
?
A.
The
Callibre
Compasses
,
Height-boord
,
Inch
sight-rule
,
Gunners
Scale
,
Gunners
Quadrant
diuided
into
ninetie
degrees
,
and
into
twelue
points
and
their
minutes
,
with
a
Geometricall
square
to
take
mountures
,
leuels
,
heights
,
breadths
,
and
distances
,
and
a
paire
of
straight
pointed
Compasses
.
Q.
17.
How
doe
you
dispart
a
Peece
or
Ordnance
,
what
is
it
,
and
to
what
end
vsed
?
A.
To
dispart
a
Peece
,
is
to
finde
the
difference
betweene
the
Diametres
or
thicknesse
in
metall
before
at
the
Muzle-ring
,
and
abaft
at
the
Base-ring
,
for
in
true
bored
Peeces
the
halfe
of
the
difference
of
their
Diametres
is
the
due
dispart
.
Those
Diametres
are
readily
found
by
the
Callibre
Compasses
opened
and
applied
to
the
opposite
sides
of
those
Rings
,
and
to
a
Scale
or
Inch-rule
of
small
equall
parts
,
whereby
the
difference
will
soone
appeare
,
which
halfed
is
the
dispart
found
.
Their
Diametres
differences
also
may
bee
found
by
guirting
them
with
a
labell
of
parchment
or
cord
,
that
will
not
shrinke
nor
stretch
,
diuiding
the
guirt
in
three
equall
parts
at
each
time
,
⅓
may
be
tollerably
accepted
for
the
Diametre
.
Also
in
true
equall
bored
Peeces
,
putting
in
a
Priming
iron
at
the
Touch-hole
,
to
the
bottome
of
the
bore
,
and
marking
a
place
vpon
it
equall
in
height
to
the
Base-rings
highest
part
,
which
applied
vpon
the
bottome
of
the
bore
at
the
mouth
,
perpendicularly
,
will
shew
the
length
of
the
dispart
aboue
the
highest
of
the
Muzle-ring
.
Likewise
you
may
finde
both
those
Diametres
by
laying
a
rule
or
straight
staffe
leuelly
,
making
a
Tangent
on
each
of
those
Rings
seuerally
,
and
on
each
side
of
the
Peece
holding
a
plummet
line
,
so
that
it
onely
touch
the
sides
of
the
metall
of
each
Ring
,
the
differences
betweene
those
Diametres
so
found
halfed
,
is
the
dispart
sought
.
It
may
be
found
many
other
wayes
,
but
these
being
sufficient
,
I
will
only
answer
concerning
the
end
and
vse
thereof
.
It
serueth
to
direct
the
shot
to
the
marke
,
or
so
neere
as
is
the
distance
betweene
the
two
parallels
that
are
made
by
the
two
continued
lines
,
the
one
the
Axis
of
the
bore
,
the
other
the
visuall
line
that
passeth
from
the
Gunners
eye
by
the
highest
part
of
the
Base-ring
and
top
of
the
Dispart
vnto
the
marke
.
For
seeing
the
Breech
of
the
Peece
is
of
solid
metall
,
not
so
transparant
that
the
Gunner
can
visually
apply
the
Axis
of
the
bore
precisely
to
the
marke
,
it
must
suffice
to
finde
the
other
visuall
line
,
being
the
neerest
that
can
parallelly
betaken
thereunto
,
and
accept
it
,
for
the
same
.
Q.
18.
How
much
will
you
allow
for
vent
,
comparing
the
height
of
the
shot
with
the
height
of
the
bore
of
the
Peece
assigned
?
A.
One
twentieth
part
will
be
sufficient
,
approued
so
to
be
by
the
best
Gunners
of
late
times
,
although
many
Gunners
of
England
generally
allow
a
quarter
of
an
inch
for
each
shot
to
be
lower
then
the
bore
of
of
euery
Peece
,
which
is
too
little
for
a
Cannon
,
but
too
much
for
a
Falcon
,
and
for
lesser
Peeces
.
Q.
19.
What
difference
is
there
betweene
shooting
by
the
metall
of
the
Peece
,
and
by
the
Dispart
,
to
direct
a
Peece
to
a
marke
leuell
or
eleuated
?
A.
Their
differences
are
somewhat
vncertaine
,
because
there
are
seldome
any
constant
proportions
held
in
founding
Ordnance
,
concerning
the
eminencies
of
their
Base
and
Muzle-rings
;
but
in
most
Peeces
they
are
so
,
that
first
laying
the
Peece
to
the
mark
with
a
due
Dispart
,
and
then
by
the
metall
,
obseruing
with
a
Quadrant
,
you
shall
sometimes
finde
that
the
Peece
will
be
eleuated
more
by
the
metall
,
then
by
the
Dispart
,
foure
degrees
,
fiue
degrees
,
yea
sometimes
six
or
seuen
degrees
.
And
so
accordingly
will
the
Randons
of
the
metall
bee
more
then
the
Randons
of
the
Dispart
,
which
(
by
the
Table
of
dead
Ranges
for
each
degree
here
annexed
,
or
by
the
Gunners
Scale
)
may
for
euery
eleuation
be
made
certainly
knowne
.
But
on
the
leuell
the
metall
rangeth
neare
double
the
distance
of
the
Dispart
,
in
most
Peeces
.
A
Table
of
Randons
,
or
Dead
Ranges
,
for
euery
degree
vnto
the
best
Randon
,
or
fortie
degrees
.
Degrees
,
Paces
|
Degrees
,
Paces
|
Degrees
,
Paces
|
Degrees
,
Paces
|
|
|
1
500
|
11
1487
|
21
2225
|
31
2712
|
|
|
2
610
|
12
1575
|
22
2285
|
32
2747
|
|
|
3
717
|
13
1655
|
23
2342
|
33
2780
|
Degr.
Paces
.
|
|
4
822
|
14
1735
|
24
2397
|
34
2810
|
41
2990
|
|
5
925
|
15
1812
|
25
2450
|
35
2837
|
42
3000
|
|
6
1025
|
16
1887
|
26
2500
|
36
2872
|
|
|
7
1122
|
17
1960
|
27
2547
|
37
2195
|
|
|
8
1218
|
18
2030
|
28
2592
|
38
2920
|
|
|
9
1310
|
19
2097
|
29
2635
|
39
2955
|
|
|
10
1400
|
20
2162
|
30
2675
|
40
2988
|
|
Q.
20.
How
shall
a
Gunner
know
how
the
Range
of
his
Peece
encreaseth
,
or
decreaseth
,
from
degree
to
degree
?
A.
First
,
hee
must
finde
by
the
Table
or
Right
ranges
,
exprest
in
the
Art
of
Great
Artillery
,
or
otherwise
;
how
much
the
leuell
right
range
of
your
Peece
is
,
which
number
of
paces
diuide
by
25
,
and
multiply
the
Quotient
by
11
,
and
the
product
will
be
the
first
and
greatest
digression
,
which
is
betweene
the
first
and
second
degrees
,
which
diuide
by
fortie
the
degrees
contained
betweene
the
first
degree
and
42
degrees
,
the
best
or
vtmost
Randon
,
and
the
Quotient
shall
be
the
number
of
paces
that
the
shot
shal
lose
at
euery
digression
from
degree
to
degree
to
the
best
Randon
,
and
contrariwise
for
their
increasing
digression
from
42
degrees
,
the
vtmost
Randon
downe
to
the
first
degree
.
Q.
21.
At
how
many
degrees
of
Mounture
,
will
any
Peece
conuay
her
shot
farthest
,
called
her
vtmost
Randon
?
A.
At
about
42
degrees
,
neuerthelesse
,
that
45
hath
formerly
beene
generally
taken
for
the
best
or
vtmost
Randon
,
being
the
middle
or
meane
degree
betweene
the
leuell
and
the
perpendicular
,
namely
,
the
halfe
of
ninety
degrees
:
But
because
the
Peece
on
the
leuell
Rangeth
a
shot
about
one
tenth
part
of
the
vtmost
Randon
,
as
it
doth
also
at
84
degrees
of
Mounture
;
therefore
it
stands
with
more
reason
,
and
experience
also
hath
found
,
that
the
vtmost
Randon
of
any
Peece
should
be
(
being
duly
charged
and
discharged
)
at
42
degrees
,
the
halfe
of
84
degrees
of
eleuation
.
Q.
22.
How
doe
you
direct
your
Peece
to
shoot
at
a
warke
,
being
for
distance
,
within
the
Straight
line
,
or
Right
range
of
the
Peece
,
and
lying
leuell
with
the
Horizon
?
A.
Hauing
placed
the
due
Dispart
vpon
the
Muzle-ring
,
as
in
my
17
Answer
before
is
shewed
.
Then
(
both
my
thumbs
being
placed
close
ouer
the
vppermost
point
or
part
of
the
metall
of
the
Base-ring
)
I
will
cause
the
Peece
to
be
trauersed
,
and
coined
more
or
lesse
,
vntill
I
espie
(
thorow
betweene
my
thumbs
)
the
top
of
the
Dispart
and
the
marke
to
be
in
one
,
and
then
I
giue
fire
and
expect
a
good
and
faire
shot
.
Q.
23.
But
how
will
you
direct
a
Peece
of
Ordnance
to
shoot
at
a
marke
that
lieth
leuell
,
but
is
further
distant
then
the
Peece
can
reach
vpon
her
leuell
Range
,
you
hauing
only
some
certaine
dead
range
,
and
the
distance
from
that
Peece
to
the
marke
giuen
;
what
aduantage
will
you
take
to
reach
the
marke
,
to
make
a
faire
shot
at
the
first
time
?
A.
Hauing
a
certain
Dead
range
for
any
eleuation
of
that
Peece
giuen
,
I
repaire
to
my
Gunners
Scale
,
or
to
the
last
precedent
Table
of
Randons
or
Dead
ranges
,
with
the
Rule
of
Proportion
,
saying
,
if
the
number
of
the
Paces
of
the
Dead
range
giuen
,
doe
giue
the
eleuation
giuen
,
what
shall
the
Distance
giuen
,
giue
;
multiply
the
third
number
by
the
second
,
and
diuide
the
product
by
the
first
,
and
the
Quotient
will
be
the
number
of
degrees
that
the
Peece
must
be
mounted
vnto
,
to
reach
that
marke
.
Q.
24.
What
if
the
marke
be
eleuated
aboue
the
leuell
,
and
be
farther
distant
then
the
Peece
vpon
that
mounture
can
reach
in
a
Right
range
:
How
will
you
direct
your
Peece
for
aduantage
,
hauing
the
Distance
and
some
certaine
Dead
range
of
that
Peece
giuen
?
A.
First
,
either
by
my
Gunners
Scale
for
degrees
,
or
by
the
Table
following
,
for
the
six
points
of
the
Gunners
Quadrant
,
whereby
you
may
see
the
vttermost
Dead
range
being
3000
Paces
,
that
the
aspect
of
the
first
point
cutteth
the
Range
of
the
second
point
at
1880
Paces
of
the
leuell
,
and
the
third
Range
at
2330
Paces
,
&c.
And
that
the
aspect
of
the
second
point
intersecteth
the
Range
of
the
third
point
at
1950
Paces
.
|
|
Ranges
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Aspects
|
1
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5
|
|
|
2
|
1880
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
|
3
|
2330
|
1950
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
|
4
|
2650
|
2340
|
1890
|
0
|
0
|
|
|
5
|
2860
|
2650
|
2330
|
1900
|
0
|
|
|
6
|
3000
|
2960
|
2500
|
2090
|
1650
|
And
the
Range
of
the
fourth
point
at
2340
,
&c.
And
that
the
Aspect
of
the
third
point
doth
interfect
the
fourth
Points
Range
at
1890
,
and
the
fifth
Points
Range
at
2330
,
and
the
sixt
at
2500
Paces
.
And
that
the
Aspect
of
the
fourth
point
intersecteth
the
fifths
Range
at
1900
Paces
,
and
the
sixths
at
2090.
And
lastly
,
that
the
Aspect
of
the
fifth
point
cutteth
the
sixths
Range
at
1650
,
As
the
Diagram
doth
also
ocularly
shew
.
Q.
25.
How
make
you
vse
of
the
Scale
and
Table
?
A.
As
in
the
former
by
the
Rule
of
Proportion
,
saying
,
if
the
dead
Range
giue
the
Tabular
number
of
dead
Ranges
proper
thereunto
,
what
shall
the
number
of
the
Scale
Diagram
,
or
of
this
Table
,
proper
to
the
Aspect
and
Range
cut
,
giue
;
multiply
the
third
number
by
the
second
,
and
diuide
the
product
by
the
first
,
and
the
Quotient
will
be
the
number
of
Paces
proper
for
the
Peece
and
marke
assigned
.
Q
26.
How
will
you
endeuour
to
shoot
farther
then
ordinary
in
one
and
the
same
Peece
,
with
like
quantities
of
powder
and
shot
?
A.
First
I
will
gently
put
home
all
the
Powder
,
and
wad
the
same
;
then
the
shot
being
inuolued
with
paper
,
leather
,
okam
,
or
such
like
,
to
fill
close
the
concaue
of
the
Bore
,
I
will
driue
the
shot
close
to
the
Powder
with
a
good
wad
,
putting
after
it
a
Tempion
of
corke
,
and
with
a
spunge
a
little
moistened
with
an
oyle
,
I
will
anoint
the
vacant
Cillinder
of
the
rest
of
the
concaue
Chase
;
and
will
so
baricado
the
Breech
of
the
Peece
with
a
Pile
,
wall
,
or
such
like
,
as
that
it
shall
not
reuerse
in
the
discharge
:
But
especially
,
if
I
haue
time
,
I
will
stop
the
Touch-hole
,
and
drill
a
new
one
more
forwards
,
which
will
make
the
Powder
all
to
fire
,
and
sooner
together
,
and
the
Peece
reuerselesse
,
if
it
be
rightly
done
.
Q.
27.
What
Peece
would
you
choose
to
shoot
at
a
single
marke
,
and
what
course
will
you
obserue
?
A.
I
would
choose
such
a
Peece
as
I
had
sormerly
practized
to
shoot
in
,
and
yet
examine
her
to
know
her
qualities
:
then
in
loading
her
,
I
will
not
ramme
home
her
Powder
too
hard
,
lest
it
in
taking
fire
lye
first
blowing
,
and
cause
the
Peece
to
start
from
her
position
,
duly
directed
by
a
true
disparture
,
that
the
Axis
of
her
Bore
may
precisely
respect
the
marke
.
And
lastly
endeuour
to
preuent
all
impedimentall
Accidents
.
Q.
28.
If
you
were
to
make
a
shot
in
the
night
,
at
a
marke
shewed
you
in
the
day
,
how
would
you
prepare
for
it
?
A.
I
would
first
lay
the
Peece
in
her
Carriage
precisely
to
the
marke
in
the
day
,
then
with
a
Chalke-line
dipt
in
Gum-water
,
I
will
strike
a
right
line
on
the
vpper
part
of
the
metall
from
Breech
to
Muzle
(
while
the
line
is
yet
moist
)
vpon
which
I
will
apply
a
good
and
sure
Magneticall
needle
or
flye
,
with
a
Chart
exactly
diuided
,
and
note
the
intersecion
,
then
from
the
ends
of
the
line
that
was
marked
or
striken
vpon
the
metall
I
let
fall
plum-lines
vpon
the
Platforme
,
and
at
the
places
where
they
touch
,
I
knocke
in
at
each
a
small
naile
.
Lastly
,
with
a
Quadrant
I
obserue
the
eleuation
of
the
concaue
;
or
else
with
some
Staffe
take
the
perpendicular
height
of
some
certaine
place
or
marke
made
in
the
metall
,
as
well
at
the
Breech
,
as
at
the
Muzle
aboue
the
said
two
nails
:
And
so
you
may
againe
lay
the
Peece
thereby
,
alwayes
to
haue
the
selfe-same
position
,
and
so
shoot
as
certaine
at
that
marke
by
night
as
by
day
.
Q.
29.
How
would
you
make
a
shot
at
an
Enemies
light
,
in
a
darke
night
,
not
hauing
any
Candle
,
Lanthorne
,
or
other
light
by
you
?
A.
I
would
light
two
peeces
of
match
,
the
one
as
much
longer
then
the
other
as
the
quantity
of
the
dispart
of
the
Peece
,
&
set
the
longer
vpon
the
vpper
part
of
the
Muzle-ring
,
&
the
shorter
vpon
the
vpper
part
of
the
Base-ring
,
trauersing
or
coining
the
Peece
vntill
I
haue
brought
the
light
of
the
Enemies
,
and
the
lights
of
the
two
matches
,
all
three
in
one
;
and
so
I
doubt
not
but
to
make
a
good
shot
thereat
.
Q.
30.
How
would
you
choose
and
order
a
Peece
,
to
make
a
good
shot
at
a
moueable
marke
;
as
at
an
enemies
Ship
vnder
saile
,
Boat
rowing
,
or
Horse-man
riding
?
A.
First
would
I
choose
such
a
Peece
(
as
in
regard
of
the
distance
,
will
be
able
in
a
straight
line
to
reach
the
marke
)
whose
qualities
I
know
.
Secondly
,
hauing
loaded
the
Peece
,
I
obserue
how
the
Marke
moueth
.
Thirdly
,
I
will
obserue
the
wind
(
if
it
blow
much
)
whether
it
be
against
,
or
with
,
me
,
or
side-wayes
,
and
accordingly
take
aduantage
,
for
the
impediment
it
may
produce
otherwise
.
Then
will
I
,
with
the
Dispart
considered
,
duely
obserue
some
cloud
,
or
marke
some
point
of
Landskip
that
lieth
in
the
course
of
his
motion
;
and
when
according
to
the
swiftnesse
thereof
,
he
is
come
so
neere
it
,
as
I
guesse
the
shot
and
hee
may
meet
at
the
marke
,
I
so
giue
fire
,
wherein
I
may
remember
this
secret
of
Nature
,
that
any
Peece
will
shoot
further
from
Sea
to
Land-ward
,
then
from
Land
to
Sea-wards
.
Q.
31.
What
say
you
to
shooting
at
a
marke
vnder
the
leuell
from
aboue
downwards
,
how
would
you
order
matters
to
make
an
effectuall
shot
?
A.
That
kinde
of
shooting
is
farre
more
vncertaine
and
difficile
then
any
other
,
by
reason
of
the
smaller
resistance
the
shot
makes
against
the
force
of
the
powder
,
naturally
working
vpwards
,
which
is
towards
the
Breech
,
if
it
were
not
there
restrained
,
it
therefore
of
all
other
wayes
shooteth
least
distance
in
a
straight
line
,
vnlesse
it
be
perpendicularly
downwards
,
or
neerely
so
;
besides
,
no
Author
or
Practitioner
else
,
to
my
knowledge
,
hath
diuulged
any
good
vse
or
order
for
the
same
.
But
I
haue
obserued
that
the
Randons
for
Imbasures
do
somewhat
neerely
decrease
from
degree
to
degree
vnder
the
leuell
,
with
a
double
proportion
to
the
decrease
of
the
Morter
Peeces
mounture
,
aboue
from
the
best
Randon
vnto
ninetie
degrees
.
Out
of
which
obseruation
and
experience
I
haue
framed
this
Table
,
and
for
better
helpe
added
an
example
.
A
Table
for
Imbasures
.
|
Degrees
,
|
Paces
|
|
0
|
150
|
|
1
|
149
|
|
2
|
147
|
|
3
|
145
|
|
4
|
142
|
|
5
|
139
|
|
6
|
137
|
|
7
|
133
|
|
8
|
129
|
|
9
|
125
|
|
10
|
120
|
|
20
|
90
|
|
30
|
60
|
|
40
|
40
|
|
50
|
18
|
|
60
|
10
|
|
70
|
6
|
|
80
|
1
|
|
90
|
0
|
The
vse
illustrated
by
example
.
At
eight
degrees
Imbasement
a
shot
at
a
marke
being
to
be
made
with
a
Saker
(
for
which
Peece
the
Table
was
made
)
if
the
distance
were
lesse
then
129
Paces
,
then
the
Peece
being
able
to
reach
the
marke
needs
no
aduantage
:
but
supposing
it
to
be
140
Paces
,
a
lesse
Imbasement
must
be
then
giuen
,
namely
,
at
about
seuen
degrees
,
to
reach
the
marke
,
as
reason
will
conduce
.
Q.
32.
Can
you
make
a
reasonable
shot
at
a
marke
,
which
by
reason
of
interposition
of
some
hill
,
house
,
wall
,
Rampart
,
or
other
impediment
,
you
cannot
see
it
?
A.
Yes
,
with
a
Morter
Peece
it
is
vsuall
,
if
it
be
within
her
reach
.
And
although
the
catriages
of
other
Peeces
,
will
few
,
admit
to
mount
them
so
high
as
20
degrees
,
yet
by
sapping
the
Breech
of
the
Peece
,
that
is
,
by
making
a
trench
for
the
taile
of
the
carriage
to
reuerse
in
,
being
descended
thereinto
the
wheeles
standing
aloft
:
or
by
preparing
a
Timber-frame
,
so
that
the
taile
may
be
suncke
,
as
betweene
two
Timber-logs
squared
,
the
wheeles
reuersing
vpon
them
,
any
Peece
may
be
so
mounted
to
shoot
at
a
mark
out
of
sight
,
further
then
any
Morter
Peece
can
reach
,
or
by
taking
a
Peece
out
of
her
carriage
,
and
mounting
her
accordingly
vpon
skids
at
pleasure
to
the
eleuation
desired
;
these
may
shoot
Granadoes
,
Flaming
or
Venomous
bals
,
and
Hedge
hegs
or
such
like
most
necessarily
.
But
amongst
them
the
Canon
Periors
,
Perieraes
and
Bombards
,
are
chiefly
to
be
therefore
preferred
.
Hauing
then
the
distance
giuen
,
Stales
and
Signals
are
to
be
placed
,
to
shew
where
the
marke
is
,
which
way
,
and
how
the
shot
lighteth
short
,
ouer
,
or
wide
,
that
such
errour
may
at
the
next
time
be
reformed
.
Q.
33.
How
would
you
order
things
,
to
shoot
at
a
Squadron
of
the
Enemies
Souldiers
,
and
what
Peeces
would
you
choose
?
A.
According
to
the
distance
I
would
choose
a
Peece
that
in
a
straight
line
can
shoot
home
,
if
I
may
,
be
it
with
Demy
Culuering
,
Saker
or
Falcon
,
and
plant
my
Peece
as
neere
parallel
to
the
champion
Plaine
as
I
can
,
that
the
shot
may
range
,
and
shoot
at
girdle
height
,
vnlesse
the
ground
be
stony
,
for
then
would
I
place
my
shot
short
of
them
,
that
grazing
amongst
the
stones
,
that
stones
may
doe
them
more
spoile
then
the
shot
of
it selfe
can
doe
,
by
farre
;
but
in
no
case
would
I
shoot
wide
,
or
ouer
them
,
for
that
were
both
losse
and
shame
also
.
Q.
34.
At
the
time
of
ioyning
of
two
Armies
in
Battell
,
how
would
you
plant
and
mount
your
Ordnance
?
A.
There
are
diuers
opinions
therein
;
some
say
it
is
best
to
plant
them
in
the
Front
,
to
disorder
the
Enemie
,
and
cause
them
to
breake
their
Ranks
at
first
;
which
others
disliking
,
say
,
that
will
hinder
their
own
party
from
many
aduantages
,
and
difficult
to
retire
them
:
some
would
plant
them
in
the
Flanckes
:
And
some
would
haue
some
of
them
in
the
Front
,
&
some
in
the
Flanke
:
And
lastly
,
some
would
haue
them
behinde
the
Armie
,
that
vpon
a
signe
giuen
,
their
owne
Squadrons
may
open
a
way
for
the
Gunner
to
play
vpon
the
Enemies
Troops
or
Squadrons
.
But
wheresoeuer
they
are
planted
,
care
must
be
had
,
that
the
Musketiers
,
appointed
for
guards
,
nor
any
other
fire
armes
,
approach
within
100
Paces
of
the
Ordnance
,
lest
vntimely
firing
them
worke
mischiefe
to
the
party
.
But
hauing
viewed
before-hand
the
place
appointed
for
the
Battell
,
if
any
eminent
rising-place
be
there
neere
,
to
lodge
the
Ordnance
thereon
,
they
may
thence
most
safely
play
vpon
the
Enemie
in
Front
,
Flanke
and
Trauers
,
with
wonderfull
aduantage
and
hope
of
victory
.
Q.
35.
Hauing
found
the
first
shot
faulty
,
to
the
right
or
left
hand
,
ouer
or
short
,
how
will
you
at
the
next
amend
it
,
to
make
an
effectuall
shot
?
A.
If
it
were
wide
,
towards
the
right
or
left
hand
,
I
would
place
my
eye
on
the
Base-ring
,
at
the
next
time
,
a
little
more
to
the
same
side
,
accordingly
more
or
lesse
:
if
it
were
too
high
,
direct
the
top
of
the
Dispart
vnder
the
marke
as
much
:
if
too
low
,
lay
some
small
stone
or
straw
on
the
highest
of
the
Base-ring
,
and
by
that
,
bring
the
dispart
and
the
Mark
into
one
with
discretion
.
Q.
36.
What
if
the
Peece
by
often
shooting
be
growne
so
hot
that
it
is
dangerous
,
vnlesse
it
be
rested
or
refreshed
;
how
will
you
coole
her
?
A.
If
the
seruice
be
such
,
as
she
may
not
haue
time
to
rest
,
in
that
case
,
she
must
be
cooled
with
Spunges
wet
in
Lee
,
which
is
best
,
or
in
vrin
and
water
,
or
water
and
vineger
,
or
with
the
coolest
fresh
or
salt
water
;
bathing
and
washing
her
within
and
without
,
vntill
she
be
come
to
her
due
temper
againe
;
but
if
I
may
,
I
will
rest
her
one
or
two
houres
in
twelue
,
and
between
whiles
coole
her
euery
tenth
or
twelfth
shot
.
Q.
37.
If
the
Touch-hole
be
cloyed
with
spikes
,
stones
or
such
like
,
and
necessitie
requireth
the
vse
of
the
Peece
,
what
would
you
doe
therein
?
A.
Not
trust
to
that
which
some
appoint
,
by
beating
her
on
the
Muzle
with
a
woodden
mallet
,
hauing
powred
warme
oile
in
at
her
Touch-hole
,
to
expect
her
doying
to
fly
out
;
nor
to
the
setting
of
her
Breech
vpright
,
with
her
mouth
ouer
a
fire
,
vntill
she
be
red-hot
,
and
then
(
her
metall
being
soft
)
to
get
out
her
cloying
;
but
if
I
cannot
blow
it
out
,
nor
haue
time
to
drill
another
new
touch-hole
more
forwards
,
I
must
load
her
with
powder
and
shot
without
wadding
,
and
by
a
fusee
,
wet
vent
,
or
powder
moistned
into
paste
,
placed
at
the
mouth
,
so
as
it
may
fire
a
traine
within
the
Chase
that
I
will
there
make
to
fire
the
charge
,
to
auoid
danger
as
much
as
I
can
,
so
I
will
giue
fire
to
the
vent
,
hauing
formerly
laid
my
Peece
to
the
marke
,
as
I
haue
already
said
.
Q.
38.
If
you
be
so
driuen
,
that
of
necessitie
you
must
leaue
your
Ordnance
to
the
Enemie
,
what
would
you
doe
either
with
hope
to
recouer
them
,
or
else
to
make
them
.
vnseruiceable
,
or
breake
the
next
time
they
shall
bee
discharged
?
A.
If
I
haue
no
conueniencie
to
hide
them
so
secretly
,
by
burying
them
vnder
ground
,
as
that
the
Enemie
shall
not
finde
them
,
or
be
past
hope
that
we
may
neuer
come
to
the
place
to
recouer
them
:
Then
would
I
lay
all
the
Peeces
crosse
a
narrow
ditch
or
trench
,
filled
so
with
char-coales
,
or
other
dry
fewell
,
to
kindle
,
and
heat
them
thorowly
red-hot
a
good
space
,
which
will
cause
the
metall
to
become
so
britle
afterwards
,
being
cold
,
that
they
will
not
be
able
to
endure
the
due
charge
of
powder
to
be
fired
in
them
,
but
will
break
in
peeces
at
their
next
discharge
;
or
I
can
break
them
either
in
that
britle
place
,
by
applying
them
with
hard
strokes
of
a
heauie
commander
,
or
by
loading
each
Peece
with
more
than
a
double
charge
,
and
vnder
and
about
the
shot
driuing
steele
wedges
with
rammers
of
hard
wood
,
so
that
hauing
fired
the
Peece
with
a
fusee
or
slow
pyramid
of
powder
moistned
like
paste
;
the
shot
in
discharge
running
vpon
the
thicker
parts
of
the
wedges
will
constraine
the
Peece
to
breake
:
I
know
diuers
other
wayes
with
a
touch
to
breake
or
spoile
the
Enemies
Ordnance
,
but
I
thinke
it
not
fit
to
speake
of
it
publikely
.
Q.
39.
Being
besieged
,
to
resist
assaults
and
defend
the
place
,
what
Ordnance
are
best
,
and
where
placed
,
and
how
vsed
?
A.
All
Ordnance
are
vsefull
,
but
for
defence
at
a
breach
or
narrow
passage
,
Canon
Periors
,
loaded
with
Lanthornes
,
filled
with
pible
stones
,
Cases
of
Base
and
Burre
,
old
iron
trash
chaind
,
langrell
,
crosse
bar
,
plugs
,
or
any
other
tearing
or
murdring
shot
,
or
with
a
mine
in
their
way
to
blow
vp
&
the
like
;
&
planting
the
Ordnance
couert
so
,
as
to
scower
the
passage
from
a
Flanker
Cassamat
or
other
defence
,
or
before
the
Breach
.
Also
my
new
inuented
Murtherers
,
that
haue
long
square
tapering
concaues
,
which
are
double
or
treble
in
breadth
to
their
heights
,
and
will
spread
their
murthering
shot
,
Musket
or
Pistol
bullets
,
sidewise
far
,
but
little
vp
and
downwards
(
without
feare
of
stop
or
cloying
the
Chase
,
as
in
equal
round
Peeces
oft
hapneth
,
when
they
are
charged
with
small
loose
shot
or
trash
.
)
Also
I
will
carefully
prouide
to
haue
in
store
,
spare
Carriages
,
Axtrees
,
Wheeles
,
Cordage
,
Match
,
Powder
,
and
Shot
sufficient
;
the
rather
,
because
alwayes
the
Enemie
will
chiefly
endeuour
to
ruine
our
Defences
,
embouch
our
Loops
,
beat
downe
our
Parapets
and
Defences
,
cloy
our
Plat-formes
,
dismount
our
Ordnance
,
teare
our
Carriages
,
Axtrees
and
wheeles
with
their
Peeces
,
by
all
the
means
they
can
possible
.
Q.
40.
You
hauing
beleagerd
or
besieged
a
Fort
or
Towne
,
how
would
you
shoot
to
ruine
,
anney
,
or
take
away
the
enemies
Defences
;
and
what
would
you
chiefly
endeuour
to
doe
?
A.
First
,
I
would
make
choice
of
places
to
plant
my
Ordnance
,
or
make
my
Batteries
so
against
the
weakest
parts
,
to
make
a
Breach
in
the
most
conuenient
place
,
bringing
them
by
Trenches
,
as
neere
as
I
can
,
within
lesse
then
two
hundred
Paces
;
and
then
hauing
raised
and
plained
the
Terraplenes
and
Parapets
,
made
the
Plat-formes
,
cut
and
set
out
Loopes
,
or
placed
the
Gabbions
the
whilst
,
and
planted
Peeces
where
they
may
most
offend
the
Enemie
,
endcuouring
to
ruine
and
embouch
their
Defences
,
plying
them
so
hard
,
that
they
may
not
haue
time
to
repaire
the
old
,
nor
build
new
,
nor
retrench
,
as
they
else
would
doe
.
And
also
make
what
slaughter
I
can
,
to
weaken
the
Aduersary
:
and
from
each
Battery
fit
,
to
shoot
at
the
place
for
Breach
,
as
many
Peeces
at
once
as
can
be
brought
to
beare
thereon
:
and
I
will
obserue
what
Peeces
of
theirs
,
most
endammage
vs
&
ours
,
and
endeuour
to
dismount
them
,
and
amaze
and
hinder
their
workes
all
I
may
.
The
distances
of
the
Batteries
must
be
according
as
the
situation
of
the
place
will
permit
,
but
if
possible
,
at
eighty
,
an
hundred
,
or
an
hundred
and
fifty
Paces
at
most
,
auoiding
the
danger
of
the
Enemies
Musketiers
with
conuenient
Defences
:
the
number
of
Peeces
and
the
sorts
of
them
,
are
to
be
according
to
the
place
and
the
occasions
to
vse
them
;
Cannon
,
Demy
Cannon
and
Culuering
for
Breach
,
and
a
Demy
Culuering
or
two
,
to
play
vpon
the
Enemies
Defences
,
with
a
Field-peece
or
two
for
single
markes
.
The
Breadth
of
a
Battery
must
be
according
to
the
length
of
the
Curtin
,
and
the
number
of
Souldiers
that
must
giue
the
assault
,
that
nine
in
a
ranke
may
at
least
enter
together
.
Q.
41.
What
Fire-workes
are
most
ordinary
and
fit
for
warlike
seruice
,
to
spoile
or
annoy
the
Enemy
most
?
A.
Granadoes
or
hollow
breaking
balls
of
seuerall
sorts
,
Fire-balles
for
diuers
vses
,
as
to
enlighten
the
champion
,
sticke
and
burne
combustible
obiects
,
burne
and
breake
poison
,
or
blinde
the
Enemy
,
burne
in
the
water
,
or
pierce
the
flesh
to
the
bone
,
where
it
fired
,
toucheth
,
Powder-pots
simple
and
compound
,
Armed
Trunkes
,
with
Pistols
,
Fire
arrowes
,
barbed
Garlands
,
Rowlers
,
Fire-pikes
,
and
such
likeinuentions
.
Q.
42.
Of
what
materialls
are
the
Granado
bals
made
,
and
what
receits
are
they
loaded
with
,
and
how
armed
?
A.
As
they
are
for
diuers
ends
(
though
all
to
destroy
the
Enemie
)
so
they
are
made
of
seuerall
materials
,
as
of
Bell-metall
,
spelter
,
Iron
,
or
any
hard
and
britle
metal
.
To
be
shot
also
out
of
a
Mortar
Peece
or
Perior
,
&
may
also
be
thrown
with
the
hand
amongst
the
Enemies
:
some
are
made
of
baked
Potters
clay
,
or
of
Glasse
,
and
some
of
Canuas
coated
and
armed
:
The
receits
are
also
diuers
,
as
Powder
foure
ounces
,
Sulpher
two
ounces
,
Salpetre
twelue
ounces
,
finely
beaten
and
well
mixed
;
sometimes
Antimoney
and
glasse
,
and
Scales
or
Iron
:
but
let
a
britle
ball
be
filled
with
powder
,
one
pound
,
within
two
fingers
height
,
and
the
rest
with
Cannon
powder
foure
ounces
,
and
Salpetre
twelue
ounces
,
mixt
and
driuen
close
together
,
inclose
this
in
Canuas
,
with
the
mouth
or
priming-hole
downwards
,
and
fill
it
,
as
a
ball
,
with
powder
two
parts
,
Sulpher
one
part
,
and
Salpetre
three
parts
;
pierce
a
hole
to
fire
at
,
and
put
into
it
a
pinne
of
wood
,
and
coat
it
with
Roch-fire
,
or
Roch
sulpher
:
also
Powder
½
li
,
Peetre
1
li
&
½
,
Sulpher
foure
ounces
,
is
an
vsuall
receipt
:
they
may
be
made
of
two
hollow
Demy
Globes
of
wood
,
bored
full
of
holes
almost
thorow
,
hauing
thence
a
touch-hole
,
each
hole
loaded
with
a
Pistoll
bullet
,
the
concaue
filled
with
fine
powder
,
and
a
pipe
of
wood
coated
to
reach
to
the
bottome
,
filled
with
slower
receipt
,
they
may
be
loaded
with
Pistoll-pipes
of
iron
,
and
powder
,
and
bullets
at
each
end
,
and
a
touch-hole
in
the
midst
,
their
coatings
may
be
stucke
full
of
stones
,
nailes
,
shot
,
or
such
like
:
These
are
of
great
execution
,
but
must
euer
be
so
prouided
,
that
the
slow
fire
must
be
sure
to
burn
vntill
the
ball
fired
be
arriued
at
the
place
where
it
is
to
doe
its
execution
;
of
this
kinde
there
are
infinite
diuersities
and
inuentions
.
Q.
43.
What
is
that
Roch-sulpher
,
and
Reeh
fire
?
A.
Receipts
of
much
vse
;
Roch-sulpher
is
made
with
one
pound
of
Sulpher
molten
on
a
slow
fire
,
and
¼
li
of
mealed
powder
,
put
thereto
by
little
and
little
,
and
stirred
wel
together
,
and
in
the
cooling
put
three
ounces
more
of
corne
powder
,
mixing
them
well
together
.
Roch-fire
is
made
of
three
pound
of
Sulpher
grosse
beaten
,
and
slowly
molten
,
to
which
put
one
pound
of
mutton
sewet
,
and
therto
Powder
&
Salpetre
equally
mixed
,
with
these
you
may
couer
or
coat
Granadoes
,
Pikes
,
Circles
,
Balls
,
Trunkes
,
and
Arrowes
.
Q.
44.
What
receipts
for
Lances
,
Trunkes
and
Fire-pikes
vse
you
,
and
how
make
you
them
?
A.
The
formes
and
receipts
also
are
diuers
;
for
one
may
bee
of
Powder
and
Sulpher
,
of
each
one
pound
,
Salpetre
three
pound
,
Quick-siluer
molten
with
Sulpher
foure
ounces
,
Glasse
three
ounces
,
each
beaten
to
powder
,
and
tempered
with
Linseed
oile
,
boiled
vntil
it
wil
scald
a
feather
,
put
therin
;
these
put
in
Canuas
,
narrow
at
both
ends
,
fitting
for
Pikes
or
Arrowes
,
must
after
be
put
on
,
and
armed
either
with
Wire
or
Marline
,
and
coated
with
Roch-fire
,
or
other
coatings
,
or
Canuas
dipped
in
Pitch
and
Tallow
molten
,
Sulpher
,
Rozen
,
and
Turpentine
.
Lances
are
little
different
,
only
lesse
;
Trunkes
are
also
of
many
sorts
,
most
commonly
made
of
wood
,
armed
with
iron
hoopes
,
they
may
be
eighteene
inches
long
,
besides
six
inches
bored
in
for
the
staffe
,
which
is
to
be
ten
or
twelue
loot
long
,
the
eitghteene
inches
bored
,
two
inches
and
½
may
be
filled
with
Sulpher
and
Powder
,
of
each
one
pound
,
Quick-siluer
two
ounces
,
Camphere
one
ounce
,
which
beat
with
the
Sulphere
will
become
powder
,
mix
these
with
Linseed
oyle
,
boiled
as
afore-said
,
wowld
it
with
Marlin
,
coat
it
and
fill
it
with
a
handfull
of
this
receipt
,
then
with
a
handfull
of
powder
,
then
with
a
button
or
with
small
shot
;
couer
the
end
with
a
waxed
or
pitched
Canuas
,
hauing
a
Match
or
Sulpher
threed
goe
through
all
.
Another
receipt
is
Cannon
powder
fiue
parts
refined
,
Petre
three
parts
,
Sulpher
two
parts
,
Rozen
one
part
,
Campheer
,
Glasse
,
Amber
,
and
Masticke
mealed
and
searced
,
of
each
½
part
,
well
mixed
with
oiles
of
Turpentine
,
Petre
,
Linseed
,
and
liquid
varnish
,
of
each
½
part
.
Another
,
take
Powder
three
parts
,
Sulpher
one
part
,
Salpetre
three
parts
,
Masticke
one
part
,
Vitrioll
,
white
Wax
,
of
each
six
parts
,
Amber
,
Orpiment
,
Arsenick
,
4
parts
,
Verdegrease
,
Salarmoniak
,
each
2
parts
,
mixt
with
oiles
of
Linseed
,
Petre
,
Varnish
,
and
Aquauitae
,
of
each
six
parts
,
and
well
wrought
,
will
be
a
receipt
of
great
vehemencie
in
burning
.
Q.
45.
What
are
your
Fire-balls
?
A.
They
are
also
of
sundry
sorts
and
vses
,
some
to
light
so
,
in
the
night
,
as
to
see
what
the
Enemie
worketh
abroad
;
make
a
round
ball
of
Canuas
,
and
fill
it
either
with
Powder
mealed
,
Sulpher
,
Salpetre
,
and
Roch-sulpher
,
of
each
one
pound
,
mixed
and
pressed
hard
&
close
,
and
made
round
,
it
being
sewed
,
armed
,
pierced
,
primed
,
&
coated
with
Roch-fire
,
rowled
in
corne
powder
,
or
with
Roch-sulpher
molten
,
1
li
,
Salpetre
2
li
,
Powder
1
li
,
and
½
,
Rozen
and
Turpentine
each
½
li
;
these
primed
through
in
foure
places
,
and
shot
out
of
a
Morter
or
Perior
without
wad
,
will
take
fire
and
burne
very
light
.
Some
balls
are
to
burne
in
the
water
,
for
which
take
of
Powder
12
oz
,
Sulpher
6
oz
,
mixt
,
Campheere
1
oz
,
pasted
with
boiled
Linseed
oile
,
and
oile
of
Turpentine
and
new
Wax
,
of
each
4
oz
mixt
with
coale
4
oz
,
Salpetre
and
Roch-fire
,
of
each
1
oz
,
and
½
;
this
made
in
a
ball
,
armed
,
primed
,
and
coated
,
will
not
be
exstinguished
by
Aire
,
Wind
,
nor
Water
.
Another
,
for
a
Morter
Peece
,
take
a
stone
shot
,
lower
far
then
the
Bore
,
dip
it
in
molten
Pitch
,
Sulpher
,
Rozen
and
Turpentine
mixed
equal
parts
;
then
being
warme
,
rowle
it
in
corne
powder
,
with
a
couer
of
Fustian
dipt
in
molten
Roch-fire
,
and
dip
it
as
at
first
,
rowle
it
and
couer
it
,
vntil
it
be
of
fit
height
for
the
Peece
:
lastly
,
dip
it
in
Roch-fire
,
and
rowle
it
in
fine
corne
powder
,
and
shoot
it
out
of
the
Peece
without
a
Wadd
,
loaded
with
8/10
of
its
weight
in
powder
,
and
priming
it
downe
to
the
shot
with
quicke
powder
.
Q.
46.
What
are
Powder-pots
,
Pluggs
and
Cressets
?
A.
Powder
Pots
are
of
baked
Potters
Clay
,
or
thicke
glasse
made
with
foure
eares
;
vnto
which
Matches
lighted
at
both
ends
are
to
be
fastned
,
which
filled
with
powder
or
quicke
receipt
,
throwne
among
the
Enemie
,
breakes
and
takes
fire
,
and
makes
spoile
.
Pluggs
are
to
be
shot
out
of
Ordnance
like
billets
but
at
one
end
,
haue
barbed
heads
of
iron
to
sticke
,
and
at
the
other
,
Ropes
dipt
in
Sope-lee
and
dried
to
fly
,
and
not
fire
;
yet
the
former
receipt
placed
neere
the
barbed
head
,
will
fire
any
combustible
thing
it
toucheth
or
stickes
in
.
Cressets
are
iron
hoopes
hanged
on
poles
,
to
be
leuell
in
all
motions
,
and
they
are
filled
with
toosed
match
,
soaked
in
Sulpher
molten
3
li
,
Salpetre
1
li
,
Rozen
12
oz
,
Olibanum
,
and
Antimony
of
each
½
li
,
and
Linseed
oile
to
incorpotate
them
together
;
if
you
will
haue
them
resist
wind
and
raine
,
fill
the
hollowes
with
match
well
beaten
,
and
soaked
in
Sulpher
and
Powder
moistned
with
boiled
Linseed
oile
,
and
powder
of
quicke
Lime
and
Campheere
mixed
;
And
fired
,
it
resists
wind
&
water
:
but
to
hurt
the
Enemies
eyes
,
or
to
poison
them
,
or
make
flesh
fall
from
the
bones
,
is
not
fit
here
to
be
published
.
Q.
47.
What
are
Fire-workes
of
Triumph
,
for
pleasure
,
and
how
,
and
with
what
receipts
and
conceits
made
?
A.
The
fashions
,
inuentions
,
and
compositions
of
them
are
infinite
,
but
yet
they
may
be
doubly
distinguished
as
their
actions
are
double
,
either
in
the
aire
or
water
:
those
that
make
their
operation
in
the
aire
are
either
moueable
or
fixed
;
the
moueable
are
either
simple
or
compounded
:
the
simple
moueable
,
are
the
Rockets
,
the
simple
fixed
,
are
the
Truncks
,
Lanthorns
and
Lights
,
with
seuerall
sorts
of
each
:
The
moueables
compounded
,
are
the
Wheeles
,
Trillers
,
Courtlaces
,
Clubs
,
Targets
and
flying
Dragons
:
The
compound
fixed
,
are
the
Towers
,
Castles
,
Arches
,
Cilinders
,
Pyramides
,
and
others
,
which
of
euery
sort
are
as
infinite
,
as
the
variety
of
inuentions
may
be
infinitly
conceiued
and
wrought
.
Those
that
worke
their
effect
in
the
water
,
either
are
fired
and
placed
in
it
,
or
kindled
by
the
water
it selfe
,
and
they
do
either
swim
on
the
surface
,
as
the
Rockets
,
Tumbling-balls
,
Serpents
,
Dolphins
,
Ships
,
&c.
or
else
burne
at
the
bottome
,
as
many
weighty
workes
doe
;
some
of
which
,
when
they
are
lighted
,
and
become
lighter
then
so
much
water
,
they
ascend
,
swim
,
and
burne
aboue
.
Q.
48.
How
are
those
that
operate
in
the
aire
,
vsually
to
be
made
and
compounded
?
A.
The
moueable
airy
Fire-works
are
either
Rockets
,
or
made
and
contriued
with
Rockets
,
they
being
the
substructure
of
all
the
other
motions
:
Rockets
are
diuersly
framed
,
either
of
paper
six
or
seuen
times
double
,
rowled
about
a
former
,
or
they
may
be
of
strong
light
timber
turned
hollow
,
or
bored
,
or
they
may
be
made
of
Canuas
,
in
length
6
times
the
height
of
their
hollownesse
(
if
they
be
vnder
the
weight
of
one
pound
)
but
if
they
be
of
more
weight
then
soure
and
½
or
fiue
Diametres
,
long
will
be
better
.
Also
for
small
Rockets
they
must
haue
the
quicker
receipts
,
and
for
great
,
flower
:
As
for
example
,
the
receipt
for
Rockets
of
foure
ounces
,
may
be
of
Powder
4
li
,
Salpetre
1
li
,
Coales
4
oz
,
Sulpher
½
oz
;
but
for
Rockets
of
a
pound
weight
or
two
,
take
Salpetre
12
oz
,
of
Powder
20
oz
,
of
Coale
3
oz
Sulpher
viue
and
Scales
of
iron
,
each
1
oz
,
and
Rockets
of
8
,
9
,
or
10
li.
weight
,
to
8
li
of
Salpetre
,
put
2
li
12
oz
of
Coale
,
and
1
li
4
oz
of
Sulpher
;
For
in
the
great
ones
no
Powder
must
be
put
,
note
that
these
materials
must
be
finely
beaten
&
sifted
thorow
a
Searce
,
and
wel
mixed
&
driuen
into
the
Rocket
hard
,
and
filled
almost
to
the
top
euery
third
or
fourth
driuing
,
dipping
your
drift
in
Gum
Dragagant
,
and
Campheere
,
dissolued
and
mixed
with
spirit
of
wine
or
good
Aquauitae
(
if
the
Rockets
be
to
be
fired
in
three
or
soure
daies
)
but
if
it
must
be
a
moneth
or
more
first
;
then
,
in
stead
thereof
,
dippe
the
drift
so
in
oyle
of
Petre
or
liquid
Varnish
and
Linseed
oile
mixed
;
if
you
would
haue
therein
any
breakers
or
Buttons
,
you
must
within
one
Diametre
of
the
top
driue
a
bottom
of
leather
,
or
six
or
seuen
double
of
paper
,
vp
to
the
receipt
,
and
pierce
and
prime
it
thorow
,
therunto
in
soure
or
fiue
places
;
and
you
must
also
arme
your
Cane
and
bored
Rockets
lest
they
split
:
and
your
flyers
must
haue
a
straight
rod
fastned
so
,
that
within
one
or
two
fingers
breadth
of
the
Rocket
it
may
counterpoize
the
same
,
for
the
Runners
swiuels
or
a
Cane
fastned
is
sufficient
.
Q.
49.
How
make
you
the
Starres
?
A.
Take
½
oz
of
Gum-dragagant
and
lap
it
in
Crooked-lane
blacke
iron
plate
,
and
rost
it
in
the
embers
,
till
it
may
be
beaten
to
powder
,
then
dissolue
it
in
Aquauita
till
it
be
viscous
or
slimie
,
then
straine
it
,
and
also
take
4
oz
of
Campheer
,
steep
it
24
houres
in
other
Aquauitae
vntill
it
be
dissolued
,
mix
the
dissolutions
together
,
and
by
little
and
little
sprincklingly
,
therewith
mix
these
,
powdered
Salpetre
1
li
,
Sulpher
½
li
,
Powder
3
li
,
Coales
½
li
,
Amber
and
Scales
of
iron
,
of
each
1
li
,
and
mix
them
all
ouer
a
gentle
fire
of
Charre-coales
,
and
make
them
in
balls
as
big
as
you
would
haue
them
,
and
rowle
them
in
mealed
powder
and
Sulpher
:
you
may
without
the
Gumme
and
Campheere
moisten
the
same
powder
,
only
with
liquid
Varnish
,
Linseed
oile
,
or
oile
of
Petre
;
but
the
first
,
is
the
fairer
fire
for
Starres
.
The
heads
of
Rockets
may
be
loaded
with
many
things
,
as
with
powder
strongly
lapped
and
armed
in
Paper
or
Parchment
,
with
raining
fire
,
with
morcells
of
Roch-fire
or
horse-haires
dipped
therein
molten
,
Rockets
may
also
be
made
with
Barbes
,
to
sticke
and
burne
whatsoeuer
they
light
vpon
,
and
as
a
shot
,
they
may
by
a
deuice
be
directed
to
any
place
within
distance
assigned
.
Now
in
regard
that
all
moueable
Fire-workes
,
in
Aire
or
Water
,
haue
their
motions
from
the
force
of
the
Rockets
applied
accordingly
;
I
need
not
speake
of
them
particularly
,
but
leaue
each
practiser
to
his
owne
ingenious
inuention
.
Q.
50.
What
are
your
compositions
or
receipts
for
Water
,
Fires
,
to
burne
as
well
at
the
top
,
as
at
the
bottome
,
and
of
those
that
water
will
kindle
,
or
that
will
last
long
fired
?
A.
Take
Masticke
one
part
,
white
Incence
,
Gumme
Sandrach
,
quicke
Lime
,
Sulpher
,
Bitumen
,
Camphere
and
Gun-powder
,
of
each
three
parts
,
Rozen
two
parts
,
and
Salpetre
nine
parts
.
The
Campheer
must
be
beaten
either
with
Sulpher
,
Salt
,
Almonds
,
or
water
,
else
it
will
not
be
mealed
.
This
will
burne
and
feed
vpon
in
the
water
.
But
to
make
a
receipt
to
burne
at
the
bottom
,
fill
a
ball
with
this
receipt
,
Take
Sulpher
,
½
li
,
mealed
powder
nine
ounces
,
refined
Salpetre
one
pound
,
and
½
,
Campheere
beaten
with
Sulpher
and
Quick-siluer
,
put
and
stirred
into
the
Sulpher
a
little
molten
,
all
mealed
and
mixed
by
hand
,
and
filled
into
a
round
Canuas
ball
,
by
little
and
little
,
and
well
driuen
,
being
first
moistned
with
oile
of
Petre
,
or
Linseed
oile
boiled
vntill
it
will
scald
a
feather
;
then
arme
the
Ball
,
and
prime
it
,
balast
it
with
Lead
at
the
bottome
,
that
the
vent
may
burne
vpwards
,
or
a
stone
to
sinke
it
,
and
(
hauing
fired
it
well
)
throw
it
into
the
water
,
and
it
will
burne
at
the
bottome
thereof
,
and
fume
and
boile
vp
slow
.
Now
for
as
much
as
all
the
before-named
fire-workes
,
both
moueable
and
fixed
,
are
but
by
the
applications
of
these
or
the
like
,
I
shall
not
need
(
neither
is
it
possible
)
to
particular
all
the
inuentions
and
varieties
that
may
be
made
therein
:
I
will
therefore
conclude
,
omitting
also
perfumed
sauours
and
venomous
sents
that
may
be
made
in
Fire-workes
,
as
not
fit
to
be
here
reuealed
.
Next
for
such
receipts
as
the
water
it selfe
will
kindle
,
they
are
made
of
oyle
Benedict
one
pound
,
boiled
Linseed
oyle
three
pounds
,
oyle
of
the
yolkes
of
Egges
one
pound
,
new
Quick-lime
eight
pounds
,
Sulpher
two
pound
,
Campheer
foure
ounces
,
and
Bitumen
two
ounces
,
Or
else
Roch-Petre
one
pound
,
Flowers
of
Sulpher
nine
ounces
,
Coales
of
Rotten-wood
six
ounces
,
Campheer
one
ounce
and
½
,
oile
of
Egges
,
and
oile
Benedict
sufficient
to
paste
the
mixture
,
with
new
burnt
Lime
vnsleyked
two
pound
,
Or
vnsleikt
Lime
,
Tutia
,
Roch-Petre
,
Loadstone
,
of
each
one
part
,
Sulpher
,
Viue
and
Campheer
,
of
each
eight
parts
,
put
these
things
in
a
pot
filled
with
quick-lime
in
powder
and
lute
,
and
arme
it
well
with
strong
wires
,
and
set
it
in
a
Lime-kill
a
whole
burning
time
,
and
the
materialls
will
become
a
stone
that
any
moisture
will
kindle
.
A
receipt
to
carry
fire
alwayes
in
a
mans
pocket
,
is
this
;
Take
Cow-dung
steeped
soure
or
fiue
times
in
spirits
of
Wine
or
Aquauitae
,
three
times
distilled
,
wherein
Campheer
must
be
dissolued
;
this
must
be
well
dried
,
being
made
into
a
Ball
and
kindled
,
it
will
last
many
dayes
;
it
must
be
couered
halfe
an
inch
thick
with
vnsleiked
Lime
,
and
the
white
of
Egges
well
mixed
,
and
when
you
will
vse
it
,
make
a
hole
with
a
priming
iron
,
and
put
a
Sulpher
match
vnto
it
,
and
it
will
light
:
And
so
Salpetre
mixt
with
the
powder
of
the
coales
of
Iuniper
,
and
the
white
of
an
Egge
,
wil
a
long
time
last
kindled
.
The
Practice
of
Artillery
is
to
bee
sold
by
Humfrey
Robinson
at
the
signe
of
the
three
Pigeons
in
Pauls
Church-yard
.