And
first
of
the
PROVINCES
Vnited
.
ALL
things
Concurred
for
the
rising
and
maintenance
of
this
State
▪
the
Disposition
of
the
people
,
beeing
,
as
mutenous
,
so
industrious
and
frugall
;
the
Nature
of
the
Countrey
,
euery
where
Fortifiable
with
water
,
the
Scituation
of
it
,
hauing
behinde
them
the
Baltique
Sea
,
which
yeelds
them
all
materials
for
Ships
,
and
many
other
Commodities
,
and
for
Men
,
hard
before
them
,
France
,
and
England
,
both
fearing
the
Spanish
greatnesse
;
and
therefore
,
both
Concurring
for
their
Ayde
;
the
remotenesse
of
their
Master
from
them
;
the
Change
of
Religion
falling
out
about
the
time
of
their
Reuolt
,
and
now
the
Marquise
of
Brandenburgh
,
a
Protestant
,
like
to
become
Duke
of
Cleue
.
The
discontentments
of
the
Low-Countries
did
first
appeare
,
soone
after
the
going
away
of
the
Kings
of
Spaine
,
while
the
Dutchesse
of
Parma
Gouerned
;
to
suppresse
which
beginnings
,
the
Duke
of
Alva
being
sent
,
inflamed
them
more
,
vpon
attempting
to
bring
in
the
Inquisition
and
Spanish
Decimation
,
vpon
the
Beheading
Count
Horne
,
and
Count
Egmont
,
persecuting
those
of
the
Religion
,
and
vndertaking
to
build
Cittadels
vpon
all
their
Townes
,
which
hee
effected
at
Antwerpe
,
but
enterprising
the
like
at
Flushing
,
that
Towne
reuolted
first
and
vnder
it
began
the
Warre
.
But
the
more
generall
reuolt
of
the
Prouinces
happened
after
the
Death
of
Don
Lewis
de
Requiesens
,
and
vpon
the
comming
downe
of
Don
Iohn
of
Austria
,
when
all
the
Prouinces
,
excepting
Luxenburgh
,
vpon
the
sacke
of
Antwerpe
and
other
Insolencies
,
Proclaimed
the
Spaniards
Rebels
and
Enemies
to
the
King
;
yet
the
abjuring
of
their
obedience
from
the
Crowne
of
Spaine
was
not
in
a
yeare
or
two
after
.
Holland
and
Zealand
,
vpon
their
first
standing
out
,
offered
the
Soueraigntie
of
themselues
to
the
Queene
,
then
the
Protection
,
both
which
shee
neglected
,
and
that
while
the
French
sent
greater
ayde
,
and
more
men
of
qualitie
then
wee
;
but
after
the
Ciuill
Warre
began
in
France
,
that
kept
them
busie
at
home
,
and
then
the
Queene
,
seeing
the
necessitie
of
their
being
supported
,
vpon
the
pawning
of
Brill
and
Flushing
,
sent
Money
and
Men
;
And
since
that
,
most
part
of
the
great
exploits
there
haue
beene
done
by
the
English
,
who
were
commonly
the
third
part
of
the
Armie
,
being
foure
Regiments
,
besides
eleuen
hundred
in
Flushing
,
and
the
Ramekins
,
and
fiue
hundred
in
the
Brill
.
But
of
late
the
King
of
France
appearing
more
for
them
then
ours
,
and
paying
himselfe
the
French
that
are
there
,
they
giue
equall
,
if
not
more
Countenance
to
that
Nation
.
But
vpon
these
two
Kings
they
make
their
whole
dependancie
,
and
though
with
more
respect
to
him
that
is
stronger
,
for
the
time
,
yet
so
as
it
may
giue
no
distaste
vnto
the
other
.
For
the
manner
of
their
Gouernment
;
They
haue
vpon
occasion
,
an
assembly
of
the
generall
States
,
like
our
Parliament
,
being
composed
of
those
which
are
sent
from
euery
Prouince
,
vpon
summons
;
and
what
these
Enact
stands
for
Lawe
.
Then
is
there
besides
,
a
Counsell
of
State
,
residing
for
the
most
part
at
the
Hage
,
which
attends
daily
occasions
,
being
rather
imployed
vpon
affaires
of
State
then
of
particular
Iustice
.
The
most
potent
in
this
Counsell
was
BARNAVILL
,
by
reason
of
his
Aduocates
of
Holland
.
And
besides
both
these
,
euery
Prouince
and
great
Towne
haue
particular
Counsells
of
their
owne
.
To
all
which
assemblies
,
aswell
of
the
generall
States
,
as
the
rest
,
the
Gentrie
is
called
for
order
sake
,
but
the
State
indeed
is
Democraticall
,
the
Merchant
and
the
Tradesman
being
predominant
,
the
Gentrie
now
but
few
and
poore
;
and
euen
at
the
beginning
the
Prince
of
Orange
saw
it
safer
to
relie
vpon
the
Townes
then
them
:
Neither
are
the
Gentrie
so
much
engaged
in
the
cause
,
the
people
hauing
more
aduantages
in
a
free
State
,
they
in
a
Monarchy
.
Their
care
in
gouernment
is
very
exact
and
particular
,
by
reason
that
euery
one
hath
an
imediate
interest
in
the
State
;
Such
is
the
equality
of
Iustice
,
that
it
renders
euery
man
satisfied
;
such
the
publike
regularity
,
as
a
man
may
see
their
Lawes
were
made
to
guide
,
not
to
entrappe
;
such
their
exactnesse
in
casting
the
expence
of
an
Armie
,
as
that
it
shall
bee
equally
farre
from
superfluity
and
want
,
and
as
much
order
and
certaintie
in
their
acts
of
Warre
,
as
in
ours
of
Peace
,
teaching
it
to
bee
both
Ciuill
and
rich
,
And
they
still
retaine
that
signe
of
a
Common-wealth
yet
vncorrupted
,
Priuate
Pouertie
and
publike
Weale
:
for
no
one
priuate
man
there
is
exceeding
rich
,
and
few
very
poore
,
and
no
State
more
sumptuous
in
all
publike
things
.
But
the
question
is
;
whether
this
,
being
a
free
State
,
will
aswell
subsist
in
Peace
,
as
it
hath
done
hitherto
in
Warre
,
Peace
leauing
euery
one
to
attend
his
particular
wealth
,
when
feare
,
while
the
Warre
lasts
,
makes
them
concurre
for
their
common
safety
;
And
Zealand
,
vpon
the
least
securitie
,
hath
euer
beene
enuious
at
the
predominancie
of
Holland
and
Vtrich
,
ready
to
Mutinie
for
Religion
:
and
besides
,
it
is
a
doubt
,
whether
the
same
care
and
sinceritie
would
continue
,
if
they
were
at
their
Consistence
,
as
appeares
yet
whiles
they
are
but
in
rising
.
The
Reuenew
of
this
State
ariseth
chiefely
from
the
Earle
of
Hollands
Demaynes
,
and
Confiscated
Church
liuings
,
the
rising
and
falling
of
Money
,
which
they
vse
with
much
aduantage
,
their
Fishing
vpon
our
Coasts
,
and
those
of
Norway
,
Contribution
out
of
the
Enemies
Countrie
,
Taxes
vpon
all
things
at
home
,
and
Impositions
vpon
all
Merchandizes
from
abroad
.
Their
expences
vpon
their
Ambassadours
,
their
Shippings
,
their
Ditches
,
their
Rampiers
and
Munition
,
and
commonly
they
haue
in
pay
by
Sea
and
Land
60000.
men
.
For
the
strength
;
The
nature
of
the
Countrie
makes
them
able
to
defend
themselues
long
by
land
,
neither
could
any
thing
haue
endangered
them
so
much
as
the
last
great
Frost
,
had
not
the
Treatie
beene
then
on
foot
,
because
the
Enemy
being
then
Master
of
the
field
,
that
rendred
their
Ditches
,
Marshes
,
and
Riuers
as
firme
ground
.
There
belongs
to
that
State
20000.
Vessells
of
all
sorts
,
so
that
if
the
Spaniard
were
entirely
beaten
out
of
those
parts
,
the
Kings
of
France
and
England
would
take
asmuch
paines
to
suppresse
,
as
euer
they
did
to
raise
them
:
For
being
our
Enemies
,
they
are
able
to
giue
vs
the
Law
at
Sea
,
and
eate
vs
out
of
all
trade
,
much
more
the
French
,
hauing
at
this
time
three
Ships
for
our
one
,
though
none
so
good
as
our
best
.
Now
that
whereupon
the
most
part
of
their
Reuenew
and
strength
depends
,
is
their
Traffique
,
in
which
mysterie
of
State
they
are
at
this
day
the
wisest
;
for
all
the
Commodities
that
this
part
of
the
world
wants
,
and
the
Indies
haue
,
as
Spice
,
Silke
,
Iewells
,
Gold
,
they
are
become
the
Conueyers
of
them
for
the
rest
of
Christendome
,
except
vs
,
as
the
Venetians
were
of
old
;
And
all
those
Commodities
that
those
Northerne
Countries
abound
with
,
and
these
Southerne
stand
in
need
of
,
they
likewise
conuey
thither
,
which
was
the
auncient
Trade
of
the
Easterlings
:
And
this
they
doe
,
hauing
little
to
export
of
their
owne
,
by
buying
of
their
Neighbour-Countries
the
former
,
and
selling
them
againe
what
they
bring
backe
at
their
owne
prises
,
and
so
consequently
liue
vpon
the
idlenesse
of
others
.
And
to
this
purpose
their
Scituation
serues
fitly
;
for
Riuers
of
the
Rhene
,
the
Maze
,
and
Skeld
end
all
in
their
Dominions
;
and
the
Baltike
Sea
lies
not
farre
from
them
:
All
which
affoord
them
whateuer
the
great
Continent
of
Germany
,
Russia
,
and
Poland
yeelds
;
then
they
againe
lying
betweene
Germany
and
the
Sea
,
doe
furnish
it
backe
with
all
Commodities
forraigne
.
To
remember
some
pieces
of
their
Discipline
as
patternes
of
the
rest
;
The
Watches
at
night
are
neuer
all
of
one
Nation
,
so
that
they
can
hardly
concurre
to
giue
vp
any
one
Towne
.
The
Commissaries
are
no
where
so
strict
vpon
Musters
,
and
where
he
findes
a
Company
thither
hee
reduceth
them
,
so
that
when
an
Armie
marcheth
the
List
and
the
Poll
,
are
neuer
farre
disagreeing
.
Their
Army
is
euer
well
Clothed
,
well
Armed
,
and
had
neuer
yet
occasion
to
mutinie
for
Pay
or
Victualls
.
The
Souldiers
commit
no
where
fewer
Insolencies
vpon
the
Burgers
,
fewer
Robberies
vpon
the
Countrie
,
nor
the
Officers
fewer
deceipts
vpon
the
Souldiers
.
And
lastly
,
they
prouide
well
that
their
Generall
shall
haue
small
meanes
to
inuade
their
liberties
:
For
first
their
Army
is
composed
of
many
Nations
,
which
haue
their
seuerall
Commanders
,
and
the
Commands
are
disposed
by
the
States
themselues
,
not
by
the
Generall
.
And
secondly
he
hath
neuer
an
implicit
Commission
left
to
discretion
,
but
,
by
reason
their
Countrie
hath
no
great
bounds
,
receiues
daily
Commands
what
to
doe
.
Their
Territory
containes
sixe
entire
Prouinces
,
Holland
,
Zealand
,
Virick
,
Groninghen
,
Oueriscell
,
and
Ariezland
,
besides
three
parts
of
Gelderland
,
and
certaine
Townes
in
Brabant
and
Flanders
;
the
ground
of
which
is
for
the
most
part
fruitfull
;
the
Townes
no
where
so
equally
beautifull
,
strong
,
and
rich
,
which
equality
growes
by
reason
that
they
appropriate
some
one
Staple
Commodity
to
euery
Town
of
note
;
only
Amsterdam
not
only
passeth
them
all
,
but
euen
Siuill
,
Lisbone
,
or
any
other
Mart
Towne
in
Christendome
,
and
to
it
is
appropriated
the
trade
of
the
East
Indies
,
where
they
maintaine
commonly
forty
Ships
,
besides
which
there
goe
twice
a
yeare
from
it
,
and
the
adioyning
Townes
,
a
great
Fleete
to
the
Baltique
Sea
:
Vpon
the
fall
of
Antwerp
,
that
rose
rather
then
Middleborough
,
though
it
stand
at
the
same
Riuers
mouth
,
and
is
their
second
Mart
towne
,
to
which
is
appropriated
our
English
Cloth
.
Concerning
the
people
,
they
are
neither
much
deuout
,
nor
much
wicked
,
giuen
all
to
drinke
,
and
eminently
to
no
other
vice
;
hard
in
bargaining
,
but
Iust
,
surly
and
respectlesse
,
as
in
all
Democracies
,
thirstie
,
industrious
and
cleanly
,
dishartened
vpon
the
least
ill
successe
,
and
insolent
vpon
good
;
Inuentiue
in
Manufactures
,
cunning
in
Traffique
,
and
generally
for
matter
of
Action
,
that
naturall
slownesse
of
theirs
sutes
better
,
by
reason
of
the
aduisednesse
and
perseuerance
it
brings
with
it
,
then
the
rashnesse
and
changeablenesse
of
the
French
and
Florentine
wits
,
and
the
equality
of
spirits
which
is
among
them
and
the
Swissers
,
renders
them
so
fit
for
a
Democracie
,
which
kinde
of
Gouernment
,
Nations
of
more
stable
wittes
,
being
once
come
to
a
Consistent
greatnesse
,
haue
seldome
long
endured
.
Obseruations
on
the
State
of
France
,
1609.
vnder
Henry
the
Fourth
.
By
Sir
THOMAS
OVERBVRY
.
HAuing
seene
the
forme
of
a
Common-wealth
and
a
Prouince
,
with
the
different
effects
of
Warres
in
them
,
I
entred
France
,
flourishing
with
Peace
,
and
of
Monarchies
the
most
absolute
,
because
the
King
there
,
not
only
makes
Peace
and
Warres
,
Calls
and
dissolues
Parliaments
,
Pardoneth
,
naturalizeth
,
Innobleth
,
Names
the
value
of
Money
,
Presseth
to
the
Warre
;
but
euen
makes
Lawes
,
and
imposes
Taxes
at
his
pleasure
:
And
all
this
he
doth
alone
:
for
as
for
that
forme
that
his
Edicts
must
be
authorized
by
the
next
Court
of
Parliament
,
that
is
,
the
next
Court
of
soueraigne
Iustice
;
first
the
Presidents
thereof
are
to
be
chosen
by
him
,
and
to
bee
put
out
by
him
;
and
secondly
,
when
they
concurre
not
with
the
King
,
he
passeth
any
thing
without
them
,
as
he
did
the
last
Edict
for
the
Protestants
:
And
for
the
assembly
of
the
three
Estates
,
it
is
growne
now
almost
as
extraordinary
as
a
generall
Counsell
;
with
the
losse
of
which
their
Liberty
fell
,
and
when
occasion
vrgeth
,
it
is
possible
for
the
King
to
procure
,
that
all
those
that
shall
bee
sent
thither
,
shall
be
his
Instruments
:
for
the
Duke
of
Guise
effected
as
much
at
the
assembly
of
Bloys
.
The
occasion
that
first
procured
the
King
that
Supremacie
,
that
his
Edicts
should
be
Lawes
,
was
,
the
last
Inuasion
of
the
English
,
for
at
that
time
they
possessing
two
parts
of
France
,
the
three
Estates
could
not
assemble
,
whereupon
they
did
then
grant
that
power
vnto
Charles
the
Seuenth
during
the
Warre
;
And
that
which
made
it
easie
for
Lewis
the
Eleuenth
and
his
Successors
to
continue
the
same
,
the
occsion
ceasing
,
was
,
that
the
Clergie
and
Gentrie
did
not
runne
the
same
fortune
with
the
people
there
,
as
in
England
;
for
most
of
the
Taxes
falling
only
vpon
the
people
,
the
Clergie
and
Gentrie
being
forborne
,
were
easily
induced
to
leaue
them
to
the
Kings
mercy
.
But
the
King
hauing
got
strength
vpon
the
Pesants
,
hath
beene
since
the
bolder
to
inuade
part
of
both
their
liberties
.
For
the
succession
of
this
Monarchie
,
it
hath
subsisted
without
intermission
these
1200.
yeares
,
vnder
three
Races
of
Kings
.
No
Nation
hath
heretofore
done
greater
things
abroad
in
Palestine
and
Egipt
,
besides
all
parts
of
Europe
;
but
for
these
last
400.
yeares
,
they
haue
only
made
Sallies
into
Italie
,
and
often
suffered
at
home
.
Three
hundred
yeares
the
English
afflicted
them
,
making
two
firme
Inuasions
vpon
them
,
and
taking
their
King
prisoner
;
the
second
greatnesse
of
Christendome
,
next
the
Emperour
,
being
then
in
competition
betwixt
vs
and
them
;
And
to
secure
themselues
against
vs
,
rather
then
the
House
of
Austria
,
as
it
then
stood
,
they
chose
to
marry
the
Heire
of
Bretaigne
before
that
of
Burgundy
.
And
for
this
last
hundred
yeares
,
the
Spantard
vndertaking
them
,
hath
eaten
them
out
of
all
but
France
,
and
endangered
that
too
.
But
for
this
present
,
France
had
neuer
,
as
France
,
a
more
entire
greatnesse
,
though
it
hath
often
beene
richer
.
For
since
the
Warre
the
King
is
only
got
afore
hand
,
the
Country
is
but
yet
in
recouering
,
the
War
hauing
lasted
by
spaces
32.
yeares
,
and
so
generally
,
that
no
man
but
had
an
Enemie
within
three
miles
,
and
so
the
Countrey
became
Frontier
all
ouer
.
Now
that
which
hath
made
them
,
at
this
time
,
so
largely
great
at
home
,
is
their
adopting
into
themselues
the
lesser
adioyning
Nations
,
without
destruction
,
or
leauing
any
marke
of
strangenesse
vpon
them
,
as
the
Bretons
,
Gascoignes
,
Provincalls
,
and
others
which
are
not
French
;
towards
the
which
Vnions
,
their
nature
,
which
is
easie
and
harborous
to
strangers
,
hath
done
more
then
any
Lawes
could
haue
effected
,
but
with
long
time
.
The
King
(
as
I
said
)
enioying
what
Lewis
the
11.
did
gaine
,
hath
the
entire
Soueraigntie
in
himselfe
,
because
hee
can
make
the
Parliament
doe
what
he
please
,
or
else
doe
what
he
please
without
them
.
For
the
other
three
Estates
;
The
Church
is
there
very
rich
,
being
estimated
to
enioy
the
third
part
of
the
Reuenew
of
France
,
but
otherwise
nothing
so
potent
as
else-where
,
partly
because
the
Inquisition
is
not
admitted
in
France
,
but
principally
because
the
Popes
ordinary
power
is
much
restrayned
there
,
by
the
Liberties
which
the
French
Church
claymeth
;
Which
Liberties
doe
not
so
much
ensranchize
the
Church
it selfe
,
as
conferre
the
Authoritie
the
Pope
looseth
vpon
the
King
,
as
first
fruites
,
and
the
disposing
of
all
Spirituall
preferments
.
And
by
reason
of
this
neutralitie
of
Authoritie
,
the
Church-men
suffer
more
there
,
then
either
in
England
,
where
they
wholly
depend
vpon
the
King
,
or
in
Spaine
and
Italie
,
where
they
wholly
subsist
by
the
Pope
;
because
the
Pope
is
not
able
totally
to
support
them
,
and
the
King
takes
occasion
euer
to
suppresse
them
,
as
beeing
not
entirely
his
Subiects
:
and
to
him
they
pay
yearely
both
the
tenth
of
all
their
Tithe
,
and
of
all
their
Temporall
land
.
The
Gentrie
are
the
onely
entire
Body
there
,
which
participate
with
the
Prerogatiues
of
the
Crowne
;
for
from
it
they
receiue
Priuiledges
aboue
all
other
men
,
and
a
kinde
of
limited
Regality
vpon
their
Tenants
,
besides
reall
supply
to
their
estates
,
by
Gouernments
and
Pensions
,
and
freedome
from
Tallies
vpon
their
owne
Lands
;
that
is
,
vpon
their
Demaines
,
and
whatsoeuer
else
they
manure
by
their
Seruants
;
but
so
much
as
they
let
to
Tenants
is
presently
Tallie-able
,
which
causeth
proportionable
abatement
in
the
Rent
;
and
in
recompence
of
this
,
they
owe
to
the
King
the
Ban
and
the
Arriereban
;
that
is
,
to
serue
him
and
his
Lieutenant
three
Moneths
within
the
Land
at
their
owne
Charges
.
And
as
in
Warre
they
vndergoe
the
greatest
part
of
the
danger
,
so
then
is
their
power
most
perremptorie
aboue
the
rest
,
whereas
in
time
of
Peace
,
the
King
is
ready
to
support
inferiour
persons
against
them
,
and
is
glad
to
see
them
to
waste
one
another
by
Contention
in
Law
for
feare
they
grow
rich
,
because
hee
fore-sees
,
that
as
the
Nobilitie
onely
can
doe
him
seruice
,
so
they
onely
misapplyed
can
doe
him
harme
.
The
auntient
Gentrie
of
France
was
most
of
it
consumed
in
the
Warres
of
Godfrey
of
Bulloigne
,
and
some
in
those
of
Saint
Lewis
,
because
vpon
their
setting
out
they
pawned
all
their
Feifs
to
the
Church
,
and
few
of
them
were
after
redeemed
;
by
reason
whereof
the
Church
possesseth
at
this
day
the
third
part
of
the
best
Feifs
in
France
;
and
that
Gentrie
was
after
made
vp
by
Aduocates
,
Financiers
,
and
Merchants
innobled
,
which
now
are
reputed
auntient
,
and
are
dayly
eaten
out
againe
and
repayred
by
the
same
kinde
of
men
.
For
the
people
;
All
those
that
haue
any
kinde
of
profession
or
Trade
,
liue
well
;
but
for
the
meere
Peasants
that
labour
the
ground
,
they
are
onely
Spunges
to
the
King
,
to
the
Church
and
the
Nobitie
,
hauing
nothing
to
their
owne
,
but
to
the
vse
of
them
,
and
are
scarce
allowed
(
as
Beasts
)
enough
to
keepe
them
able
to
doe
seruice
;
for
besides
their
Rent
,
they
pay
vsually
two
thirds
to
the
King
.
The
manner
of
Gouernment
in
France
,
is
mixt
,
betwixt
Peace
and
Warre
,
being
composed
as
well
of
Military
Discipline
,
as
Ciuill
Iustice
,
because
hauing
open
Frontiers
and
strong
Neighbours
,
and
therefore
obnoxious
to
sodaine
Inuasions
,
they
cannot
(
as
in
England
)
ioyne
euer
Peace
&
security
together
.
For
the
Military
part
,
there
is
euer
a
Constable
and
a
Marshall
in
being
,
Troupes
of
Horse
and
Regiments
of
Foot
in
pay
,
and
in
all
Prouinces
and
places
of
strength
,
Gouernours
and
Garrisons
distributed
,
all
which
are
meanes
for
the
preferment
of
the
Gentry
;
But
those
as
they
giue
security
against
the
enemy
,
so
when
there
is
none
they
disturbe
the
enioying
of
Peace
,
by
making
the
Countries
taste
somewhat
of
a
Prouince
.
For
the
Gentry
finde
a
difference
betwixt
the
Gouernours
fauour
&
disfauor
,
and
the
souldiers
commit
often
Insolencies
vpon
the
people
.
The
Gouernments
there
are
so
well
disposed
by
the
King
,
as
no
Gouernour
hath
meanes
to
giue
ouer
a
Prouince
into
the
Enemies
hand
,
the
Commands
thereof
are
so
scattered
:
for
the
Gouernour
Commands
the
Country
,
and
for
the
most
part
the
chiefe
Towne
;
then
is
there
a
Lieutenant
,
to
the
King
,
not
to
him
of
the
same
,
and
betwixt
these
two
there
is
euer
Iealousie
nourished
;
then
hath
euery
Towne
and
Fortresse
particular
Gouernours
,
which
are
not
subalterne
to
that
of
the
Prouince
,
but
hold
imediately
from
the
Prince
,
and
many
times
the
towne
hath
one
Gouernour
and
the
Castle
another
.
The
aduantages
of
Gouernours
(
besides
their
pay
from
the
King
)
are
Presents
from
the
Country
,
dead
payes
,
making
their
Megazins
of
Come
and
powder
more
then
they
need
at
the
Kings
price
,
and
where
they
stand
vpon
the
Sea
,
ouerseeing
of
vnlawfull
goods
:
Thus
much
in
Peace
:
In
Warre
they
are
worth
as
much
as
they
will
exact
.
Languedoc
,
is
the
best
,
then
Bretaigne
.
Prouince
is
worth
by
all
these
means
to
the
D.
of
Guise
20000.
Crownes
a
yeare
;
but
Prouince
only
he
holds
without
a
Lieutenant
.
Concerning
the
Ciuill
Iustice
there
,
it
is
no
where
more
Corrupt
nor
expencefull
.
The
Corruptnesse
of
it
proceeds
,
first
by
reason
that
the
King
sells
the
places
of
Iustice
at
as
high
a
rate
as
can
bee
honestly
made
of
them
;
so
that
all
thriuing
is
left
to
Corruption
,
and
the
gaine
the
King
hath
that
wayes
,
tempts
him
to
make
a
multitude
of
Officers
,
which
is
another
burthen
to
the
Subiect
.
Secondly
,
the
Presidents
are
not
bound
to
judge
according
to
the
written
Law
,
but
according
to
the
Equitie
drawne
out
of
it
,
which
Libertie
doth
not
so
much
admit
Conscience
,
as
leaue
wit
without
limits
.
The
expencefulnesse
of
it
ariseth
from
the
multitude
of
Lawes
,
and
multiplicitie
of
formes
of
Processes
,
the
which
two
both
beget
doubt
,
and
make
them
long
in
resoluing
.
And
all
this
Chiquanerey
,
as
they
call
it
,
is
brought
into
France
from
Rome
,
vpon
the
Popes
comming
to
reside
at
Avignion
.
For
the
strength
of
France
,
It
is
at
this
day
the
greatest
Vnited
force
of
Christendome
;
The
particulars
in
which
it
consists
are
these
:
The
shape
of
the
Countrey
,
which
beeing
round
,
no
one
part
is
farre
from
succouring
another
;
The
multitude
of
good
Townes
and
places
of
strength
therein
are
able
to
stay
an
Army
,
if
not
to
waste
it
,
as
Metz
did
the
Emperours
;
the
masse
of
Treasure
which
the
King
hath
in
the
Bastile
;
The
number
of
Arsenals
distributed
vpon
the
Frontiers
,
besides
that
of
Paris
,
all
which
are
full
of
good
Armes
and
Artillerie
:
And
for
ready
men
,
the
5.
Regiments
bestowed
vp
&
down
in
Garrisons
,
together
with
the
2000.
of
the
Guard
;
the
Troupes
of
ordinary
and
light
Horse
,
all
euer
in
pay
;
besides
their
Gentrie
all
bred
Souldiers
,
and
of
which
they
thinke
there
are
at
this
present
50000.
fit
to
beare
Armes
:
And
to
Command
all
these
,
they
haue
at
this
day
the
best
Generalls
of
Christendome
,
which
is
the
only
commodity
the
Ciuill
wars
did
leaue
them
.
The
weaknesse
of
it
are
,
first
the
want
of
a
sufficient
Infantry
,
which
proceeds
from
the
ill
distribution
of
their
wealth
;
for
the
Peysant
,
which
containes
the
greatest
part
of
the
people
,
hauing
no
share
allowed
him
,
is
heartlesse
and
feeble
,
and
consequently
vnseruiceable
for
all
Military
vses
,
by
reason
of
which
,
they
are
first
forced
to
borrow
ayde
of
the
Swissers
at
a
great
Charge
,
and
secondly
to
compose
their
Armies
for
the
most
part
of
Gentlemen
,
which
makes
the
losse
of
a
battaile
there
almost
irrecouerable
.
The
second
is
the
vnproportionable
part
of
the
land
which
the
Church
holds
,
all
which
is
likewise
dead
to
Militarie
vses
.
For
,
as
they
say
there
,
The
Church
will
loose
nothing
,
nor
defend
nothing
.
The
third
is
the
want
of
a
Competent
number
of
Ships
and
Gallies
,
by
reason
of
which
defect
,
first
the
Spaniard
ouermasters
them
vpon
the
Mediterranian
,
and
the
English
and
Hollander
vpon
the
Ocean
,
and
secondly
it
renders
them
poore
in
forraine
Trade
,
so
that
all
the
great
actions
of
Christendome
for
these
fifty
yeares
,
hauing
beene
bent
vpon
the
Indies
,
they
only
haue
sate
idle
.
The
fourth
is
the
weaknesse
of
their
Frontiers
,
which
is
so
much
the
more
dangerous
,
because
they
are
possessed
,
all
but
the
Ocean
,
by
the
Spaniard
:
for
Savoy
hath
beene
alwaies
as
his
owne
for
all
vses
against
France
.
The
last
is
the
difference
of
Religion
among
themselues
,
which
will
euer
yeeld
matter
of
ciuill
dissention
,
and
consequently
cause
the
weaker
to
stand
in
neede
of
forraigne
succours
.
The
ordinarie
Reuenew
of
the
King
,
is
,
as
they
say
now
,
some
14.
Millions
of
Crowns
,
which
arise
principally
from
the
Demaines
of
the
Crowne
,
the
gabell
of
Salt
,
tallies
vpon
the
Countrie
,
Customes
vpon
the
Merchandize
,
sale
of
Offices
,
the
yearely
Tithe
of
all
that
belongs
to
the
Church
,
the
rising
and
falling
of
Money
.
Fines
and
Confiscations
cast
vpon
him
by
the
Law
;
but
as
for
Wardships
,
they
are
only
knowne
in
Normandy
.
His
expence
is
chiefely
Ambassadours
,
Munition
,
Building
,
Fortifying
,
and
maintaining
of
Gallies
.
As
for
Ships
when
he
needs
them
,
he
makes
an
Embarque
;
In
Pay
for
Souldiers
,
Wages
for
Officers
,
Pentions
at
home
&
abroad
,
vpon
the
entertaining
his
House
,
his
State
,
and
his
priuate
pleasures
.
And
all
the
first
,
but
the
Demaynes
were
granted
,
in
the
beginning
,
vpon
some
vrgent
occasion
,
and
after
by
Kings
made
perpetuall
,
the
occasion
ceasing
;
and
the
Demaynes
it selfe
granted
,
because
the
King
should
liue
vpon
their
owne
without
oppressing
their
Subiects
.
But
at
this
day
,
though
the
Reuenew
bee
thus
great
,
and
the
taxes
vnsupportable
,
yet
doe
they
little
more
then
serue
for
necessary
publike
vses
.
For
the
King
of
Spains
greatnes
&
Neighbourhood
,
forceth
the
King
there
to
liue
continually
vpon
his
Guard
;
and
the
treasure
which
the
Spaniard
receiues
from
his
Indies
,
constraines
him
to
raise
his
Reuenew
thus
by
Taxes
,
so
to
be
able
in
some
proportion
to
beare
vp
against
him
,
for
feare
else
he
should
be
bought
out
of
all
his
Confederates
and
seruants
.
For
the
Relation
of
this
State
to
others
,
It
is
first
to
be
considered
,
that
this
part
of
Christendome
is
ballanced
betwixt
the
three
Kings
of
Spaine
,
France
,
and
England
,
as
the
other
part
betwixt
the
Russian
,
the
Kings
of
Poland
,
Sweden
,
and
Denmarke
.
For
as
for
Germany
,
which
if
it
were
entirely
subiect
to
one
Monarchy
,
would
be
terrible
to
all
the
rest
,
so
being
deuided
betwixt
so
many
Princes
,
and
those
of
so
equall
power
,
it
serues
only
to
ballance
it selfe
,
and
entertaine
easie
Warre
with
the
Turke
,
while
the
Persian
with-holds
him
in
a
greater
.
And
euery
one
of
those
first
three
,
hath
his
particular
strength
,
and
his
particular
weakenesse
:
Spaine
hath
the
aduantage
of
both
the
rest
in
Treasure
,
but
is
defectiue
in
Men
,
his
Dominions
are
scattered
,
and
the
conueyance
of
his
Treasure
from
the
Indies
lyes
obnoxious
to
the
power
of
any
Nation
that
is
stronger
by
Sea
.
France
abounds
with
Men
,
lyes
close
together
,
and
hath
Money
sufficiently
.
England
beeing
an
Iland
,
is
hard
to
be
Inuaded
,
abounds
with
Men
,
but
wants
Money
to
imploy
them
.
For
their
particular
weaknesse
:
Spaine
is
to
be
kept
busie
in
the
Low-Countries
:
France
is
to
bee
afflicted
with
Protestants
,
and
England
in
Ireland
.
England
is
not
able
to
subsist
against
any
of
the
other
hand
to
hand
,
but
ioyned
with
the
Lowe-Countries
it
can
giue
Lawe
to
both
by
Sea
,
and
ioyned
with
either
of
them
two
it
is
able
to
oppresse
the
third
as
Henry
the
Eight
did
.
Now
the
only
entire
body
in
Christendome
that
makes
head
against
the
Spanish
Monarchy
,
is
France
;
and
therefore
they
say
in
France
,
that
the
day
of
the
ruine
of
France
,
is
the
Eue
of
the
ruine
of
England
:
And
thereupon
England
hath
euer
since
the
Spanish
greatnesse
,
enclined
rather
to
maintaine
France
rather
then
to
ruine
it
;
as
when
King
Francis
was
taken
prisoner
,
the
King
of
England
lent
Money
towards
the
payment
of
his
Ransome
:
And
the
late
Queene
(
when
the
Leagers
,
after
the
Duke
of
Guise
his
death
,
had
a
designe
to
Cantonize
France
)
though
offered
a
part
,
would
not
consent
.
So
then
this
reason
of
State
,
of
mutuall
preseruation
,
conioyning
them
,
England
may
be
accounted
a
sure
Confederate
of
France
,
and
Holland
by
reason
it
partly
subsists
by
it
;
the
Protestant
Princes
of
Germany
,
because
they
haue
Countenance
from
it
against
the
house
of
Austria
,
the
Protestant
Swissers
for
Religion
and
Money
;
the
Venetians
for
protection
against
the
Spaniard
in
Italy
:
So
that
all
their
friends
are
either
Protestants
or
enclyning
,
and
whosoeuer
is
extreme
Catholike
,
is
their
enemie
,
and
Factors
for
the
Spanish
Monarchy
,
as
the
Pope
,
the
Cardinalls
for
the
most
part
,
and
totally
the
Iesuites
,
the
Catholike
Princes
of
Germany
,
and
the
Catholicks
of
England
and
Ireland
.
For
the
Iesuites
,
which
are
the
Ecclesiasticall
strength
of
Christendome
,
France
,
notwithstanding
the
many
late
Obligations
,
hath
cause
to
despaire
of
them
:
for
they
intending
,
as
one
Pope
,
so
one
King
,
to
suppresse
the
Protestants
,
and
for
the
better
support
of
Christendome
against
the
Turke
,
and
seeing
Spaine
the
likelier
to
bring
this
to
passe
,
they
follow
the
neerer
probability
of
effecting
their
end
.
No
addition
could
make
France
so
dangerous
to
vs
,
as
that
of
our
Lowe-Countries
:
for
so
it
were
worse
then
if
the
Spaniard
himselfe
had
them
entirely
.
As
for
their
hopes
of
regaining
Italie
,
it
concernes
the
Spaniard
immediatly
rather
then
vs
.
Concerning
the
state
of
the
Protestants
in
France
,
during
Peace
they
are
protected
by
their
Edict
:
For
their
two
Agents
at
Court
defend
the
Generall
from
wrong
,
and
their
Chambres-impartyes
euery
particular
person
:
And
if
troubles
should
arise
,
some
scattered
particulars
might
be
in
danger
,
but
the
maine
body
is
safe
,
safe
to
defend
themselues
,
though
all
France
ioyne
against
them
,
and
if
it
breake
out
into
Factions
,
the
safest
,
because
they
are
both
ready
and
vnited
.
The
particulars
of
their
strength
are
,
first
their
Townes
of
surety
,
two
of
which
command
the
Riuer
of
Loyre
.
Secondly
,
their
Scituation
,
the
greatest
part
of
them
lying
neere
together
,
as
Poictou
,
Zanningtonge
,
High
Gascoigne
,
Languedoc
,
and
Daulphin
,
neere
the
Sea
,
so
consequently
fit
to
receiue
succours
from
abroad
,
and
remote
from
Paris
,
so
that
the
qualitie
of
an
Armie
is
much
wasted
before
it
can
approach
them
.
The
third
,
is
the
sufficiency
of
their
present
Gouernours
,
Bulloigne
and
Desdeguiers
,
and
other
second
Commanders
.
And
for
the
Princes
of
the
Blood
,
whom
the
rest
may
,
in
shew
,
without
emulation
obey
,
when
they
come
once
to
open
action
,
those
which
want
a
party
will
quickly
seeke
them
.
The
last
,
is
the
ayde
they
are
sure
of
from
forraine
Princes
:
For
whosoeuer
are
friends
to
France
in
generall
,
are
more
particularly
their
friends
.
And
besides
,
the
Protestant
partie
being
growne
stronger
of
late
,
as
the
Low-Countries
,
and
more
vnited
,
as
England
and
Scotland
,
part
of
that
strength
reflects
vpon
them
;
and
euen
the
King
of
Spaine
himselfe
,
which
is
Enemie
to
France
in
generall
,
would
rather
giue
them
succour
,
then
see
them
vtterly
extirpated
:
And
yet
no
Forraine
Prince
can
euer
make
further
vse
of
them
,
then
to
disturbe
France
,
not
to
inuade
it
himselfe
.
For
as
soone
as
they
get
an
Edict
with
better
Conditions
,
they
turne
head
against
him
that
now
succoured
them
,
as
they
did
against
vs
,
at
New-haven
.
Concerning
the
proportion
of
their
number
,
they
are
not
aboue
the
seuenteene
or
eighteenth
part
of
the
people
,
but
of
the
Gentlemen
there
are
6000.
of
the
Religion
;
but
since
the
Peace
they
haue
increased
in
people
,
as
principally
in
Paris
,
Normandy
,
and
Daulphin
,
but
lost
in
the
Gentrie
,
which
losse
commeth
to
passe
,
by
reason
that
the
King
when
he
findes
any
Gent.
that
will
but
hearken
,
tempts
him
with
preferment
,
and
those
he
findes
vtterly
obstinate
,
suppresseth
:
And
by
such
meanes
hee
hath
done
them
more
harme
in
Peace
,
then
both
his
Predecessors
in
Warre
.
For
in
all
their
assemblies
hee
corrupts
some
of
their
Ministers
to
betray
their
Counsell
in
hand
;
and
of
the
100
&
6000.
Crowns
a
yeare
,
which
he
paies
the
Protestants
to
entertaine
their
Ministers
,
and
pay
their
Garrisons
,
hee
hath
gotten
the
bestowing
of
16000.
of
them
vpon
what
Gentleman
of
the
Religion
he
pleaseth
,
when
by
that
meanes
he
moderates
,
if
not
gaines
:
and
besides
,
they
were
wont
to
impose
vpon
him
their
two
Deputies
which
are
to
stay
at
Court
,
but
now
he
makes
them
propose
sixe
,
out
of
which
he
chuseth
the
two
,
and
by
that
obligeth
those
;
&
yet
notwithstanding
all
this
,
in
some
occasions
hee
makes
good
vse
of
them
too
.
For
as
towards
England
he
placeth
none
in
any
place
of
strength
but
firme
Catholikes
;
so
towards
Spaine
and
Sauoy
he
often
giues
charge
to
Protestants
,
as
to
la
Force
in
Bearne
,
Desdeguiers
and
Boisse
in
Bresse
.
Concerning
the
King
himselfe
,
hee
is
a
person
wonderfull
both
in
War
and
Peace
:
for
his
Acts
in
Warre
,
hee
hath
manumized
France
from
the
Spaniard
,
&
subdued
the
League
,
being
the
most
dangerous
plot
that
hath
bin
layd
,
weakening
it
by
Armes
,
but
vtterly
dissoluing
it
by
wit
,
that
is
,
by
letting
the
Duke
of
Guise
out
of
Prison
,
and
Capitulating
with
the
heads
of
it
euery
one
a
part
,
by
which
meanes
hee
hath
yet
left
a
continuall
hatred
among
them
,
because
euery
one
sought
,
by
preuenting
other
,
to
make
his
Conditions
the
better
;
so
that
now
there
remaines
little
connexion
of
it
amongst
the
Gentrie
,
onely
there
continues
some
dregges
still
among
the
Priests
,
and
consequently
the
people
,
especially
when
they
are
angred
with
the
increase
and
prosperitie
of
the
Protestants
.
For
his
Acts
of
Peace
,
hee
hath
enriched
France
with
a
greater
proportion
of
Wooll
,
and
Silke
,
erected
goodly
Buildings
,
cut
Passages
betwixt
Riuer
and
Riuer
,
and
is
about
to
doe
the
same
betwixt
Sea
and
Sea
,
redeemed
much
of
the
Mortgaged
Demaynes
of
the
Crowne
,
better
husbanded
the
Money
,
which
was
wont
to
bee
drunke
vppe
two
parts
of
it
in
the
Officers
hands
,
got
aforehand
in
Treasure
,
Armes
and
Munition
,
increased
the
Infantrie
,
and
supprest
the
vnproportionable
Caualry
,
and
left
nothing
vndone
but
the
building
of
a
Nauie
.
And
all
this
may
bee
attributed
to
himselfe
onely
,
because
in
a
Monarchy
,
Officers
are
accordingly
actiue
or
carelesse
,
as
the
Prince
is
able
to
Iudge
and
distinguish
of
their
labours
,
and
withall
to
participate
of
them
somewhat
himselfe
.
Sure
it
is
that
the
Peace
of
France
,
and
somewhat
that
of
Christendome
it selfe
,
is
secured
by
this
Princes
life
:
For
all
Titles
and
Discontents
,
all
factions
of
Religion
there
suppresse
themselues
till
his
Death
;
but
what
will
ensue
after
;
what
the
rest
of
the
House
of
Bourbon
will
enterprise
vpon
the
Kings
Children
,
what
the
House
of
Guise
vpon
the
House
of
Bourbon
,
what
the
League
,
what
the
Protestants
,
what
the
Kings
of
Spaine
,
and
England
,
if
they
see
a
breach
made
by
ciuill
Dissention
,
I
chuse
rather
to
expect
then
Coniecture
,
because
God
hath
so
many
wayes
to
turne
aside
from
humaine
fore-sight
,
as
hee
gaue
vs
a
testimony
vpon
the
Death
of
our
late
Queene
.
The
Countrey
of
France
,
considering
the
quantitie
,
is
the
fairest
and
richest
of
all
Christendome
,
and
containes
in
it
most
of
the
Countries
adioyning
.
For
Picardie
,
Normandie
,
and
Bretaigne
,
resemble
England
;
Languedoc
,
Spaine
,
Province
,
Italie
,
and
the
rest
is
France
.
Besides
,
all
the
Riuers
that
passe
through
it
,
end
in
it
.
It
abounds
with
Corne
,
Wine
,
and
Salt
,
and
hath
a
Competency
of
Silke
;
but
is
defectiue
in
Wooll
,
Leather
,
Mettals
,
and
Horses
;
and
hath
but
few
very
good
Hauens
,
especially
on
the
North
side
.
Concerning
the
People
;
Their
Children
at
first
sight
seeme
Men
,
and
their
Men
Children
,
but
who
so
,
in
negotiating
,
presumes
vpon
appearance
,
shall
bee
deceiued
,
Compassionate
towards
their
owne
Nation
and
Countrey
;
louing
to
the
Prince
,
and
so
they
may
haue
liberty
in
Ceremony
,
and
free
accesse
to
him
,
they
will
be
the
better
content
that
hee
shall
be
absolute
in
matter
of
substance
;
impatient
of
Peace
any
longer
then
whiles
they
are
in
recouering
the
ruines
of
Warre
;
the
presentnesse
of
danger
inflames
their
courage
,
but
any
expectation
makes
it
languish
;
for
the
most
,
they
are
all
Imagination
,
and
no
Iudgement
,
but
those
that
proue
solid
,
excell
;
Their
Gentlemen
are
all
good
outward
men
,
good
Courtiers
,
good
Souldiers
,
and
knowing
enough
in
Men
and
businesse
,
but
meerly
ignorant
in
matters
of
Letters
,
because
at
fifteene
they
quit
bookes
,
and
begin
to
liue
in
the
world
,
when
indeed
a
mediocritie
betwixt
their
forme
of
education
and
ours
would
doe
better
then
either
.
No
men
stand
more
punctually
vpon
their
Honours
in
matter
of
Valour
,
and
which
is
strange
,
in
nothing
else
;
for
otherwise
in
their
Conuersation
,
the
Custome
and
shifting
and
ouerspeaking
,
hath
quite
ouercome
the
shame
of
it
.
FINIS
.