Ouids Metamorphosis translated grammatically, and also according to the propriety of our English tongue, so farre as grammar and the verse will well beare. Written chiefly for the good of schooles, to be vsed according to the directions in the preface to the painefull schoole-master, and more fully in the booke called Ludus Literarius, or the Grammar-schoole, Chap. 8

THE FIRST BOOKE of the a a Metamorphosis signifieth a change of one likenesse or shape into another , of 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , whereof commeth 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 transformo , and 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 transformatio . Some books haue of the metamorphosis or transformation in the singular number , others of the transformations in the plurall , it is all one in effect ; one sort speaking of the whole work in generall , the other of the particular changes . * * Metamorphosis . r r Changes . Transformations of P. r r Ouid. Ouidius Naso . The Exordium [ or entrance ] into the whole worke . Here first is set down the Exordium or entrance into this worke , contained in these 4 first verses . Which consisteth of two parts , viz. a Proposition , and an Inuocation .

MY * * [ My ] minde carrieth [ me ] viz. desireth . desire is r r I intend , or I am purposed or determined . to speake of b b Formes changed into new bodies , for bodies changed into new forms , by a figure most common amongst the Poëts called Hypallage . * * Formes or shapes changed into new bodies . bodies changed into new shapes . d d This is vsuall with the Poëts , to beginne with the inuocation of those Gods which they thought to be the principall authors and directors of the matters whereof they writ . * * O [ ye ] Gods ( for euen ye haue changed those shapes ) & no other , O [ ye ] Gods , 1. The proposition sheweth the authors intent , which is to set down a continued history of the first creation of all things , and the change of them after . c c Aspirare ] signifieth to blow prosperously vnto . A metaphor taken from the windes blowing fitly vpon the sailes of a ship , so f●rthering it in sailing . * * Fauour ye &c. fauour my * * Aspire ye vnto , or blow ye vnto , viz. Prosper ye , or giue good successe vnto . enterprizes : 2. The inuocation of the Gods is to prosper this attempt : And that first , because this transformation was their worke alone . Secondly , for that his desire is to draw out the storie in a continued verse , euen vnto his owne times , & to make each fable to arise and depend euery one vpon another . * * Beginnings or attempts . ( for r r Yee , and none other . euen yee haue changed them ) and draw ye out a * * Perpetuall , viz. so continued as no transformation is omitted , but euery one fitly knit vnto another , that one fable might seeme to rise of another . continued verse from the first r r Creation of the world . beginning of the world [ euen ] vntill my times .

FABLE I. Of the Chaos , or of the first and most admirable Metamorphosis , viz. of the forming or fashioning all things out of the Chaos : & first of the 4. Eleme●ts made out of it . This Ouid teacheth to be the order of the creation , according to the Poets , as they had receiued of the ancicients , who it is most like had scene or heard of the sacred scriptures . Which although it be not in all things agreeable to the scriptures , yet in many things commeth very ne●re therevnto .

BEfore the r r Seas . Sea , & * * Earths or lands . earth , and e e Coelum quasi varj●sy . deribus coelatum , or q. 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 ●concau●tate . r r The outward circumference wherin are the Sun , moone , and stars called the firmament or heauen . Heauen , r r One one●y . which couereth al things , Before Heauen or ear●h were maue there was but one forme or fashion of all things .

There was one * * Countenance shape or f●shion . forme f f O● nature viz. of all natural things , wh●r● of nature is the au●hour . Met. efficientis , for nature is thus described , Vis quaedam qua omnia 〈◊〉 of nature in r r All the world . the whole world :

* * Which forme or countenance . Which they called g g Chaos signifieth hiatus , ● gaping , of 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 The Poets meane by it a confused heape or lumpe , which th●y hold to haue beene eternall and that out of it God formed all things , contrary to the Scriptures , which teach that God made this first , and then all things out of it by his word aloue . They seeme herein to allude to that which is Gen. 1. ver. 1. 2 That in the beginning God created the Heauen , & the earth , & the earth was without form and voyde , and darkenesse was vpon the face of the deep &c. yet missing in the chiefe , that God created first the very lumpe or masse . r r Men tearmed or the ancients called . Chaos , This the auncients called Chaos . [ which was ] r r An impolished & vndigested masse or a greatnesse without distinction or order a rude & confused r r Lumpe . heape , Which was a confused heape without all order .

Neither [ was there ] any thing but a r r Sluggish or heauie and immooueable without all art lumpish weight , And nothing but a dead and vnmoueable lumpe without all art . and r r Contrary or repagnant . disagreeing h h Those seedes were chiefly the four● Elements , called the first bodies of which all things consist . ●eeds of things not well ioyned , Yet hauing the seeds of all thing● heaped vp together in it . r r Seedes viz. the beginings of all things disagreeing among themselues , heaped or confused in the same place , or in the Chaos . heaped vp together in the same .

No t t Titan ] son to Coel●m , and Vesta , viz. to the heauen and the earth . Sun gaue light as yet to the world ; There was as yet no Sunne to giue light to the world .

Neither * * The new mooue repaired . did Al Al the mone repaired ●er new hornes . . the newe k k Phoebe , sister to Phoebus the Sunne so called o● 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 because or their brightnesse . Moone r r Renew or restore . repaire her hornes by increasing . Nor Moone to change and increase .

* * Neither . r r Neither did the earth peized , &c. hang in the ayre Nor yet the l l The earth alone of all the Elements remaines immooueable , and is therefore called the center of the world , because it is in the middest of all the elements vnto which all things desc●nd . earth * * Weighed by her &c. or stayed vp . p●ized with her r r Proper . owne * * Weights . weight , Nor earth hanging equally of it selfe in the middest of the ayre . did hang in the ayre * * Poured about or compassing it about . compassed about [ it ] nether * * The sea had reach●d or stretched out . had the m m Amphitrite the wife of Neptune , heere put for the Sea . Met ▪ Effic . sea reached out her armes by the long * * Brinke or shore . banke of the * * Earths or lands . earth . Neither any sea reaching along by the bankes of the earth .

* * And also . And likewise in what [ part ] * * There was . was earth , All parts of the world were mingled and confused in one . there was also both sea and Al Al slie . . ayre ▪

So the earth was r r Vnsetled or moueable . vnstable , The earth was vnstable . the water r r Not possible or fit to be swomme in . not to bee swomme in . The water not to be swomme in .

The ayre was * * Needing or wanting light . without light , The ayre without light . * * The owne forme [ or shape ] did remaine to nothing , or to none of the foure Elements . nothing had the proper form . Nothing had the right shape .

n n Contrary qualities were in the same subiect , which now cannot be in the same manner . And * * Another thing stood against other [ things ] one thing r r was contrary to others . was against others : One thing hindered another . because in one bodie . For that all things did striue together in the Chaos .

Cold things did r r Striue or contend . fight with * * Hot things . hot , Colde with hot . * * Moyst things [ did fight ] with drye things . moist with dry . Moyst with dry .

Soft things , Soft things with hard . Heauy with light . [ did fight ] with * * Hard things . hard r r Weighty or heauy things . things , hauing weight * * Did striue with things . with things without weight . Thus much concerning the Chaos : Now the Poet sheweth the the first generall change how the foure Elements were made out of this , & by whom , & so all things out of them .

o o This he speaketh either acccording to the opinion of those Philosophers , who thought nature to bee superiour to God , & more mighty then hee , as it is in the 9. Booke . Or [ et ] may be taken for ●d est , melior natura , viz. God that better nature , so the words following import , that he diuided , &c. God and a better nature r r Ended or brake or determined . tooke away this r r Contention . strife . That God the best nature tooke away this strife .

For he * * Cut away or parted in sunder . diuided the * * Earths . earth from heauen & the * * Waters . water from the earth . Diuiding the earth from heauen , and the waters from the earth .

And * * Seuered or distinguished . separated the r r Pure clear , bright , free from corruption . liquid * * Heauen . skie from the p p The thick ayre wherin the clouds and raine are bred . * * Thicke or grosse . foggie ayre . The pure skie from the foggy ayre .

Which after * * He rouled out . he had tumbled out , And hauing separated these forth of the Chaos , and * * Exempted . taken from the * * Blind or disordered . confused r r Lumpe or Chaos . heape . Hee bound each of them in their own proper place , and settled them in a quiet peace .

Hee bound [ them ] being * * Dissociate in [ their ] places or seuered a sunder . separate in * * Places . place , with a * * Agreeable . quiet peace .

r r The fier . The fiery * * Force or strength . power of the heauen * * Bowing downeward . bending downward , The fire or fiery power of the heauen bending downeward and lightest , in the highest place . and without weight , r r Appeared . shined out , & chose it selfe a place r r In the highest part of all . in the r r Chiefe . highest tower .

The ayre is next to it in lightnesse , The ayre next to it in lightnesse and place . and in place .

The earth [ is ] more r r Grosse and heauy . solide then these , The solide earth pressed downe with the weight of it selfe , and drawing all heauie things vnto it , in the lowest place . and q q The earth is said to draw all heauie things , because al heauy things doe naturally descend to it . hath drawen r r The great & heauie parts out of the Chaos , or all weighty things . the great Elements [ with it . ]

r r Ouid doth not ●ssigne the third place to the earth , but the lowest , as bei●g th● heau●est , and drawing downe al● heauie things vnto it , and so the water , compassing it about . And is pressed downe with the heauinesse of it selfe . The water flowing vpon and compassing the vttermost parts of the earth in the third . The water flowing about it

Hath possessed r r The vtmost parts of the earth flowing vpon it , in many places compassing it about , not couering it all . the vtmost [ places ] and kept in r r The earth . the so●●e globe .

FABLE II.

Of the full and perfect forming and fashioning of the 4. chiefe parts of the world , and the adorning each of them with their proper creatures , more specially of the creation of man last , to bee Lord of all .

Al Al So when hee which of the Gods soeuer he was . . WHen a a Heere the Poet making ●s though he was ignorant which of the Gods it was , which diuided the foure Elements , intimateth that it was some greater and more mighty than those which the common sort tooke for Gods . hee , In this Chapter the Poet sheweth that God hauing thus diuided the Chaos into parts which soeuer of the Gods he was , * * Cut , or hath cut , or seperated . had diuided the r r Set in order . heape so disposed , and * * Reduced or brought ba●ke , viz. dig●steit . brought it * * Be●ng cut . diuided into parts . First hee made the earth round like a globe .

* * In the beginning . First of all * * He winded round , or made round the earth hee made the earth round * * To the fashion or shape or like to . after the fashion of a great * * Orbe or bowle . globe , r r That it might be . least that it should not be * * Equall or round , and of like weight . euen r r On euery side . of euery part . That it might bee equall on each side .

Then he poured abroad b b Pretum is any narrow sea , where 〈…〉 to boyle à seruend● o● as ●ome w●●● à ●remendo . r r The mediterranean seas . the narrow seas , Then hee poured abroad the seas . and commanded them * * To begin to swell or to rage . to swell with the r r Violent , vehement or fierce winds . whirling winds , Commanding them to swell with the winds . and to compasse about the shores of the earth * * Gone about , or compassed in , or h●med in , inuironed [ r r By those seas . thereby . ] To inuirone the earth .

* * Hee added also Moreouer he added r r Springs . fountaines , and * * Vnmeasurable standing waters or fennes . huge standing ponds and r r Pooles ●●eres , or deepe places , a●wa●es full of water . lakes ; After he made fountains , & the great standing waters , as lakes , and fennes .

And he r r Compassed in , or compassed about . girt in the riuers r r Turning downewardes . , running downewards Also riuers kept in with crooked bankes . with * * Thwart , or winding , or sidelong bankes . crooked banks .

* * Which [ riuers . ] Which being * * Diuers or separate . distant in places , Which being distant in places one from another , are r r Swallowed vp . supped vp partly of [ the earth ] it self . Are some of them swallowed vp of the earth .

Partly doe they r r Runne . come into the sea , Others of them run into the Sea . and being receiued [ there ] r r As in a field , or in a more large place of waters . in a field Where they haue more liberty as in a large field .

r r Where there is more liberty or room for them . Of more free water , they r r Dash against . beate vpon the shoares * * For bankes . instead of banks . And shores insteade of bankes .

He commanded also the r r Plaine fields . champaine fieldes to bee Next hereunto hee stretched out the champaine fields . * * Extended or stretched out , to lye euen all abroad . stretched abroad , the c c A valley is properly the hollow betweene two hils . r r Vales or dales . valleies to r r Descend . settle downward , Making the valleyes to descend .

* * Hee commanded the woods . The woods to bee couered with * * A leafe , viz. with boughs of trees . leaues , The woods to be couered with leaues . the * * Stonie hils to arise ; or rockes . craggie mountains to ascend . Mountaines & rocks to ascend .

And as two d d Zona signifieth both the part of the body which is gi●t , and the girdle it selfe which girdeth it . * * Girdles or circles . zones * * Cut. diuide the heauen on the e e Coelius Rhodiginus sheweth out of Cleomedes , a notable expounder of the ●ifficulties of the Poets , that antica , or the fore-part of the heauens is the West , whither the heauens tu●ne , quoniam illuc annuit mundus ; so the hinder part towards the East , from whence it is carried towardes the West ; and thereupon the left part towards the South , the right toward the North. Like as it is if wee stand with our face towa●des the West . right part , H●e likewise diuided the he●uens into fiue zones or p●rts ; two on the right hand , two on the left , and the burning zone in the middest . and * * So many , or euen so many . as many moe on the * * Left [ part . ] left , * * The fift [ zone . ] the fift is more r r Hot or scorching . burning r r Then these foure . then those :

So the * * Care . prouidence of God hath r r Diuided . distinguished r r The earth compassed about within those zones or circles . the burden included , Hee diuided likewise the earth into fiue climates proportionable to the fiue zones in the heauens . r r By the same number of fiue , viz hath diuided the earth into so many parts . by the same number ; and euen so many * * Cuts , diu●sions , circles , or regions . climates are * * Pressed or stamped . set in the earth .

* * Of which climates that &c. Whereof , Whereof that which is in the middest is not habitable for heate . f f The fift which is the middle , is more hot and scor●hing then the rest , for the nee●en●sse of the Sunne passing ouer it twise in the yeer . that which is r r In the middest . the middle is g g Thus the ancients thought , but our trau●llers finde it otherw●se . not habitable for heate :

* * High . Deepe snow couereth * * Two [ ●limates of those c●●mates . ] two [ of them : ] The two vttermost are extreamely cold . * * And hee hath set euen so many between both or either of them . and also hee placed as many moe between those two . The two middle , viz. betweene the cold and hot of either side , temperate , of an equal mixture of hot and cold .

And hath giuen [ them ] * * A temper . a temperature , * * The flame . r r Hauing mingled or tempered them of hot and colde . heat being mixed [ in them ] with cold .

The ayre hangeth ouer * * Those climates . these , * * Which is heauier then the fier by so much , by how much it is light●● the● the weight of the earth , [ and ] then the weight of the mater . which is so much heauier then the fier , The ayre hangeth ouer these , which is so much heauier then the fir● , as the water is lighter then the earth . h h Pondus leuius . as the Al Al Pondere leuior . weight of the water is lighter then the weight of the earth .

* * He hath commanded both the little cloudes [ to stay ] there , and the great clouds to stay there . There he hath commanded both the r r Fogs or mists . little and great cloudes to * * Stand or abide . stay , In the ayre hee hath placed both the little cloudes , viz. fogs and mists , and also the great . and the thunders * * About to moue or able to terrifie mens minds or the hearts of men . to mooue * * Humane minds . mens harts . The terrible thunder .

And together with the * * Lightnings . lightning , i i All windes are cold by nature . the winds making the * * Colds . cold , Lightning . Windes .

* * And also . Moreouer , Hee also limited the windes , that they should not haue free liberty of the ayre . the * * Framer . maker of the world hath not r r Suffered or granted permitted * * to these , the ayre to bee vsed of these * * The ayre to be had or to haue the ayre , viz. free liberty of the ayre . euery where : * * All abroad . there * * It is resisted scarcely to them now , viz. things can hardly abide the violence of them now . there is scarcely any wi●hstanding of them now , For that they are so boystrous , that they hardly can be resisted :

r r Although euery of them hath but his owne region , or quarter . Whenas euery one of them ruleth his owne blasts in a diuers r r Tract , coast , or quarter . region . Although he haue restrained euery one of them to his owne part and region .

* * But that they teare in pieces the world , or butcher the world , or destroy it . But [ that ] they would reare the world in pieces : k k Epiphonem● . the discord of [ those ] brethren is so great . Because they would otherwise teare the world in pieces , thorough the vehemen●y of the discorde between them .

l l Eurus 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 quod ab oriente flat . It is called Vulturnus , by a similitude from the fierce flying of the Vultur . The East-winde * * Went backe or departed . betooke it selfe vnto the r r The Sunne rising . morning , and to the * * Nabathaean kingdomes . kingdomes of m m Nabathaea is a part of Ar●bia-foelix , between the Persian Sea , and the red Sea . Nabathaea . The East-wind hee hath limited to the Sunne rising , viz. to all those parts towards the Sunne rising .

And to n n Persia a Countrey in the East part of Asia . Persia , and to the * * Ridges or tops of the hills , subiect or lying towards the mountaines lying vnder * * morning beames . the Sunne rising .

The euening and the shoares which wax warme by the Sunne setting ▪ The warme West-winde to the Sunne setting , viz. to all those parts towards it .

Are next vnto the o o Zephyrus 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , à ferenda satis omnibus vita , of refreshing and qui●kning all things sowen . West-wind : the horrible p p Boreas 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , of the noyse which ●t maketh : or 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , à nutrimento , because it especially nou●sheth the body , making it healthfull . North-wind hath r r Gone into . inuaded Scythia , The boystrous North winde to the parts towards the north ●ole , or the Charles waine . & * * The seauen flowe Oxen , or the seauen starres , called the Charles waine . the parts lying vnder the North pole . The moyst South-winde to the contrary parts .

The contrarie r r P●rt of the e●rth earth * * Doth waxe wet . is wet with continuall clouds & r r Or by the rainie South . from the rainy q q Auster q. hauster ab hauriend a aqua , because it is commonly rainie . south . Ouer these he set the liquid skie without all weight or earthly substance .

He * * Hee hath imposed or set . placed ouer these * * The liquide skie . the r r Aether , may be taken here for the Element of the 〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 ●b ardendo 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , ● semper currendo . skie being pure , and * * And wanting waight . without all heauinesse , neither hauing * * Any thing of earthly dregs or setling . any terrene substance . These were scarcely thus separated and setled , but the starres ,

* * He had separated or distingu●shed scarcely . Scarcely had r r He , viz. God . he thus seuered all things in [ their ] r r Setled and vnchang●●ble . certaine bounds , Which before had lyen hid , kept-in in the Chaos ,

When as the * * Signes consisting of many starres ▪ as Aries , T●uru● &c. starres , * * Which haue lyen hid long . which had long lyen hid r r Kept vnder that they could not shine . pressed vnder that same r r The Chaos . masse , began to r r Shine bright in euery part of heauen . glister in the whole heauen . Began to glitter in all parts of the heauen .

[ And ] least any region should be * * Depriued or voyd of . destitute of * * Her , viz. proper and belonging to them . their owne liuing creatures . And lest any region or part of the world should bee destitute of her huing creatures , He set in each of them seuerall kinds .

The s s He followeth their opinion who hold the stars to bee liuing , and the fained Gods liuing creatures . starres and the * * Formes [ or shapes ] of the Gods , viz. the imagined Gods of the heathens . Gods doe * * Holde , or haue . possesse r r Heauen . the heauenly t t Solum ] is taken for whatsoeuer doth sustaine other things , as the earth doth the creatures vpon it . q sol dum . soyle . The stars and Gods in the heauens .

The * * Waues . waters haue * * Giuen place to , yeelded themselues , or fallen to the lot of . befallen to bee inhabited of the r r Shining . bright fishes . Fishes in the waters . The earth r r Receiued the beasts for her creatures . tooke the u u Ferae ] quod toto corpore ferantur . They are properly wilde beasts , here for all kinds by Synec spec . * * The wilde beasts . beasts , the x x The ayre is called mooueable , because it is easily driuen hither and thither . moueable ayre * * [ Tooke or receiued ] the birds to abide chiefly in it . the birds . Beasts in the earth . Birds in the ayre . y y Man is said to bee a holy liuing creature , and partaker of a high mind , because he alone is partaker of reason : hauing some acknowledgement of the Lord by nature . For this high mind doth signifie reason inlightned with the knowledge of God , and of the law of nature . A liuing creature more holy then * * These , viz. beasts , fishes and birds these and more capeable of * * A high or deepe mind , viz. of a profound memory and great wit . a diuine r r Vnderstanding or reason . minde . And finally whereas there was as yet lacking a creature more holy , and of a more diuine ●nderstanding ,

z z Man through reason hath the vse and benefite of all the creatures , making all so to serue him . And which might r r Haue the gouernment of the rest . rule ouer * * The rest of the creatures . the rest * * Was lacking as yet . was as yet lacking . Which might rule ouer the rest ,

Man * * Is. was r r Bred. borne : Man was made : but whereof , by whom , or how , hee sheweth it to be vncertaine amongst the Poets . a a We are not to maruaile if the Poet professe his ignorance in the creation of man . whether * * That [ chiefe ] workeman or framer of things , viz. God that maker of [ all ] things , the * * Originall or fountaine , viz the cause or author . beginning of r r The world after the Chaos . the better world made him of diuine seede ; Whether that God which had made all the o●her creatures framed him of diuine seede ;

Or whether the earth * * Fresh or new . newly made , Or whether of the new earth , retaining still the seeds of heauen , wherunto it was so neer of kin . & lately * * Drawne asunder , or diuided . separated from the high skie retained the seedes of the heauen , [ being ] r r Neere vnto it by kin , as comming out of the same masses or framed together . kinne vnto [ it . ]

Which [ earth ] being * * mixed . mingled with riuer * * Waters . water * * He who was sowen [ or begotten , or descended ] of Iaphet . Prometheus the Son of b b Iapeto ] by Iapetus is thought to bee meant Iaphet , the sonne of Noah , whom antiquitie accounted a holy man , & of the number of the heauenly ; like as they account his sons whom the Poets call Titans , to bee more ancient then man-kinde . And amongst them , one of them was called Prometheus , à prouidentia , because he was prudent and prouident aboue the rest . Iaphet , Being mingled with water . Prometheus the Son of Iaphet .

c c This Prometheus is celebrated to haue been the framer of man , either because wisedome is onely belonging to man , or because man was made by singular counsell aboue the other creatures ; or else for that he was the first that instructed men in the knowledge of the creation , especially of man kinde , how God made him to his image , and so as the knowledge of God & all diuine vnderstanding came from him . * * Hath fashioned [ or framed ] vnto the image [ or likenesse . Formed according to the image of the Gods * * Gouerning all things . ruling all things . Formed him according to the image of the Gods who gouern all things .

And whereas * * The other liuing creatures . the rest of the liuing creatures * * Doe looke vpon or behold the earth . do looke to the earth * * Prone or inclining downeward , or groueling . downeward , And made him such a one , that whereas the rest of the creat●res looke downewards towards the earth ,

d d This shape of man after this sort , sheweth to what end he was created , to wit , to the acknowledgment of God and the contemplation of heauenly things ; which appertaineth to no other of the creatures . He gaue to man * * Mouth [ viz. a countenance ] looking vpward or high . a lofty countenance , & commanded him to * * See or looke to . behold the heauen , He gaue him a lofty countenance to looke vpward , and to lift vp his * * Countenances erect to the signes or starres . face vpward to the skies . And commaunded him to behold the heauens .

So the earth which r r Was. had beene * * Euen now . but presently before * * Rude . vnwrought and without * * Image , frame or shape . forme , Thus finally for a conclusion hereof hee sheweth that the earth which had been so lately before framed out of the Chaos , was both brought into forme & also men made out of it ; out of whose diuers conditions follow the foure diuers ages of the world .

Being * * Conuerted or turned . chanchanged put vpon it the vnknowen * * Figures . shapes of men .

FABLE III.

e e This fable of the foure ages seemeth to bee an imitation of the History in the s●cond Ch●pter of Daniel , concerning the image which Nebuchadnezzar saw in his dream , which was of foure sorts , expounded of the foure Monarchs , here applyed to the foure ages of the world . Of the foure ages of the world , v. z. the Golden , Siluer , Brazen , & Iron ages : and first of the golden age . In this Fable Ouid declareth how mankinde increasing the world degenerated , waxing wors● and worse by little and little vntill the floud , which God brought to purge it withall , which that the Poets might signifie , they fained this Metamorphosis of ages , before the floud .

f f The first age is said to haue beene golden , both in regard of the nature and goodnesse of men then , & also for the easinesse of their liuing & quietnes , in regard of the rest which followed . THe golden r r Time . age is r r Begun or made of the manners of men . sowen first : which * * Loued or maintained . obserued * * Faith and right , viz. faithfull and iust dealing , honesty . fidelity and vpright dealing , * * With no reuenger , or none being to reuenge , viz. without any punishment or iudge . without any reuenger , The first whereof in regard of the rest was a golden age , as he sheweth how . of the own accord with out r r Lawes . law . This obserued faithfulnesse and vpright dealing without any compulsion . That there was neither punishment , nor feare , nor yet any law .

* * Punishment and feare were away . There was no punishment nor feare : Al Al Nor bondes threatning the necke were bound in brasse , viz. lawes ingrauen in brasse . . nor g g Lawes were ingrauen in brasse , that they might indure long , and hanged vp or fastened vpon the walles , that they might be publikely read of all . threatning wordes were bound in fixed brasse : neither yet * * The suppliant company did feare , viz. prisoners or offenders humbly prostrate on their knees . did the suppliant company feare the * * Mouthes . face of their Iudge : None feared the face of the Iudge , for that there was not any malefactour . but they were r r Secure and safe from all iniury . safe without iudge . But all liued in securitie , without any execution of Iustice .

Al Al The Pine not yet cut out &c. The r r The ship made of Pine tree . Met. M●t. Pine cut out of her mountaines , There was then no Nauigation . had not yet r r Gone downe . descended into the r r Moyst waters . liquid waues , that shee might * * Visite . goe to see the h h Peregrinus , ● p●ragrando . r r Vnknowen , or far off . st●aunge * * Orbe , or compasse of the world , viz. foraine Countries . world ; No ships nor sayling .

And r r Men. mortall [ men ] * * Had knowen . knew no * * Shoares . coasts * * Besides their own . but their owne . Men knew no countries but their owne .

i i Praeceps fossa , vnde se quis praecipitem dare possit . * * Steepe . downe ditches . Deepe trenches * * Compassed not the townes as yet . did not as yet compasse about the k k Oppidum , ab ope dand● in bell● periculis . towns . There were no wars . No fortifications of Townes by ditches , wals , or the like .

* * [ There was ] not a Trumpet &c. There was no Trumpet of straight [ brasse ] * * [ There were ] not hornes of bended or bowed brasse , viz. horsemen Trumpets or Cornets . no hornes of bended brasse . No instruments of warre , as Trumpets , Cornets , or such like .

* * Not helmets . No helmets , not a sword . No Helmets , nor Swords . * * There was not any sword poynt . * * The secure Nations . The nations liuing r r Without care or feare . securely did * * Finish . follow continually their * * Soft ease , viz. quiet and easie labours , or sweet pleasures . pleasant ease , without r r Helpe , or need of the souldier , viz. without warre . Miles vel à mille , vel quòd minimè mollis , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 vse of the souldier . All Countries liued at their ease in quiet security , without any need of souldier .

Also the earth it selfe [ as yet ] r r Without tillage . free and vntouched with the r r Any instrument wherewith to cut the earth . harrowe , The earth brought forth all things of it selfe without any tillage or husbandry . nor * * Wounded or broken vp . cut with any r r Plought . Shares , * * Gaue yeelded all things * * by it selfe , viz. without any husbandry . of it selfe .

And they being content with meats * * Created , no man compelling . prepared without any labour , The people were content with that which the earth brought forth without any labour .

Gathered * * The young , or fruit of the Arbute or Seruice tree . Seruice-berries and * * Mountaine straw-berries . Straw-berries Straw-berries , growing in the mountaines , They liued on Seruice-berries ,

And * * Hawe-berries or berries growing on the hawthorne . Hawes , Hawes , and also * * Mulberries . bramble-berries Bramble-berries . sticking in the * * Hard , viz. sharpe . rough r r Thickets . bushie places :

And [ likewise ] r r Mast of the Oke . Acornes Acornes , and other kinde of fruites . which * * Had fallen . fell from the r r Okes dedicated to Iupiter . broad spreading tree of Iupiter . The Spring was continuall , without any varying the times of the yeare , pleasant with warme West windes , which caused the flowers to spring vp without seeds .

* * There was an eternall spring , viz. no varying of times . The spring was continual , & the Al Al The West winds being pleasing , milde , quiet or calme , with warme blasts . . * * The West winds being pleasing , milde , quiet or calme , with warme blasts . pleasant West r r Windes continually blowing , or ayres . windes r r Brought forth . cherisht the flowers r r Growing of themselues . bred without seede , With [ their ] warm blasts .

* * Afterwards or by and by . Forth-with also the r r Vnhusbanded . vntilled earth * * Bare . broght forth r r Corne. fruits : The earth fruitfull with all kindes of fruits of it selfe .

* * Neither the field renued , husbanded , &c. The field not renued r r Waxed white or h●arie . was white with ( r ) ful * * Heauie . eares of corne . That the fields were loaden with Corne , without any renewing or husbandry .

r r Now ran the riuers of milke , &c. Now * * Awnes or beards of corne put for the whole eare . * * Floods , or riuers of milke [ went . ] riuers of milke , now the riuers of * * Drinke of the Gods , or most pleasant wines . Nectar * * Did goe , or went . ran . The riuers ran with milke and Nectar ,

And yellow * * Honeyes . honey * * Distilled . dropped down r r From euery tree . from the green holme .

And honey dropped from the trees .

And so he concludeth the fable of the Golden age .

FAB. IIII.

Of the other three ages , viz. the Siluer , Brazen , & Iron ages : & first of the siluer age , wherein Iupiter contracted that perpetuall spring , diuiding the yeare into foure parts .

l l For the occasion of this Fable of Saturne sent into hell , Sabine thinketh it to haue byn taken from the profundity of the aire : because Saturne is the highest & farthest remoued from the earth of all the Planets , and that the wonderfull height of the ayre is called Tartarus . * * [ But ] Iupiter contracted the times of the ancient spring after that Saturne being sent into dark hell , the world was vnder Iupiter , &c. AFter that m m Saturnus quasi satur annis ob aetatem immenjam . * * Saturne being sent into the darke hell , viz. Saturne being dead , or after the death of Saturn , for they who dye are said to be sent into hell . Saturne was sent into the darke n n Tartarus à 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , quia ibi omnia contarbata & confusa . dungeons of hell , In this Fable Ouid being to speake of the other three ages , sheweth that after the golden age , wherein Saturne raigned , followed the siluer age , in which Iupiter his sonne raigned .

The world was r r Vnder the gouernment of Iupiter . vnder o o Iupiter is said to haue beene the sonne of Saturne , & Ops , and borne at the same birth . That hee expelled his Father out of the Kingdome of Creete . That he was valiant and wise , whereupon , after his death , he was honoured for a God , and called Father and King of Gods . Iupiter , and the siluer * * Issue [ of spring or progeny ] came in or entred in . age * * Came vnder or came in , or entred in . succeeded , This siluer age hee describeth ,

Worse then golde , more r r Better . pretious then the * * Deepe yellow , er red shining brasse . yellowe Brasse . 1. To haue beene worse then the former golden age , but more pretious then the br●zen age which followed .

[ This ] Iupiter r r Shortned , or drew in and abridged . contracted the times r r Of that continuall spring which was in the golden age . of the ancient spring . 2. That this Iupiter now raigning contracted the ancient spring .

And hee * * Exacted or finished , viz. diuided or measured . digested the yeare by r r Foure measures of times or parts , euery one consisting of three moneths . foure spaces , by Winters & * * Heats of the weather . Summers , & p p Autumns or Haruests , are called vnequall , because they are more vnconstant , sometimes hot , sometimes colde . * * vnequall . inconstant autumns , and q q The spring is said to bee short , in regard of the ancient spring in the golden age . a short spring . Diuiding the yeare into foure parts , viz. Winter , Summer , Autumne , and Spring .

Then first the ayre being r r Scorched . burnt with * * Dry heat , viz. feruent or vehement heate , drying all things . drying heat , 3. That then first the ayre began to bee scorched with the heate in Summer .

* * Glowed like a coale , or waxed hot . Beganne to glowe , and the * * I Ise bound with the winds hanged . I Ise hanged being r r Frozen , viz. the North-winde , and other colde windes . congealed w th the ( r ) winds . And the waters to be frozen with the windes in Winter .

Then [ men ] first * * Went vnder , or went into . got into houses * * Caues [ or holes of the earth , dennes ] haue beene . caues were [ their ] * * House . houses , 4. That now men began first to seek them houses , to saue themselues in from the violence of the weather .

And thicke r r Fushes . shrubs , and r r Windings tyed with barks of trees , viz. hurdles made of rods . rods * * Ioyned with a barke , viz. tyed or bound together . tyed with pillings of trees . That their houses were at the first but dens of the earth , thicke shrubs and hurdles .

Then first r r Ceres , daughter to Saturne and Ops , is said to haue first deuised sowing of corne , which before grew wilde , for which shee was honoured as a Goddesse . * * Ceres seeds , or seeds belonging to Ceres . the seed corne * * Are ouerwhelmed . was couered r r With long furrowes . in long furrowes , and the r r Oxen. bullocks groned being pressed with the yoke . Then first the sowing of Corne and husbandry was inuented .

r r The brazen age being the third succeeded after that . The third * * Of-spring . age being made of brasse succeeded after * * Brazen . that , After the siluer age succeeded the brazen age , worse then it :

More cruell in * * That siluer age . disposition , Wherein men waxed more cruell in disposition , and more forward to warre and bloudshed . and more * * Wits . forward to s s Horrid a arma q. horrorem incutientia . * * Ready . dreadfull * * Horrible or bloudie . warres ; Yet this was not so wicked , as that which followed .

Yet not * * Armes or weapons . mischieuous . The last [ age ] * * Wicked , vngratious . * * Is [ made of ] &c. is of hard iron . Then in the last place hee declareth how the last age of all succeeded , which he calls the iron age , for that it seemed to be made of Iron . Wherein all kinde of wickednesse burst forth , modesty , truth and fidelity , viz. all vertue and honesty departed .

r r [ And ] forthwith an age of a worse metall burst forth into all villany . Forthwith all * * Mischiefe or villany not to be spoken of . wickednesse r r Brake out . burst into an r r Time . age of a worse * * Veine or Myne . metall .

r r Modesty . Shamefastnesse and truth and r r Faithfulnesse or faithfull dealing . fidelity fled away .

Into the place * * Of which , viz. shamefastnesse and truth &c. whereof * * Both fraudes and guiles , and lying in wayt priuily , and violence and a wicked desire of hauing came vnder , or entred in . there came both fraud and deceit , And in place thereof succeeded all kinde of vice , as deceit , treacherie , violence , and wicked couetousnesse .

And also treachery , and * * Force . violence , and t t Here is a briefe description of couetousnes , which is therefore called a wicked desire of getting or hauing riches , because it inforceth man to all kinde of wickednesse , and makes him wicked , whence it is called the mother of all euils . a wicked * * Loue of hauing . desire of getting .

The Mariner * * Gaue. hoisted vp the Sayles to the winds , * * Neither had hee knowen them well as yet , viz. he knew not the violence or danger of the winds , or how to preserue himselfe . although he yet knew them not well : and the u u Keeles or bottoms of the shippes for the whole ships . r r Ships . Keeles which had r r Stood long , viz. whilest the trees growed there . stood long in the high mountains * * Leaped vp and downe , or daunced , bounsed r r With or amongst the vnknown waues . in the vnknowen * * Floods . waues . And then the Mariner for greedinesse of gain durst venture himselfe to the raging seas , thogh he neither knew winds nor seas .

Also the wary * * Measurer of grounds . Suruaier * * Marked out . bounded [ his ] ground with a long * * Bound , frontier , or ditch . limite , Then men began to measure and bound out their grounds , being common before , as the * * Lights . light of the Sunne , and of the ayre . Which before time had beene as common as the sun or the ayre .

Neither onely the rich ground * * Was required for , viz. corn was sought for of the ground . was asked corn , Then also men began to seeke for corne , and all manner of nourishment of the earth by husbandry . and due * * Nourishments . nourishment , * * But it is gone of men into the bowels of &c. viz. men digged deepe for riches . but men went into the bowels of the earth . And then they digged into the depth of the earth for gold and siluer , and all kinde of metall .

And x x Opes . ] Riches are said to haue the name of Ops , Saturnes daughter , by which the earth is signified , out of which all riches are gotten . riches which * * [ The earth ] or God or nature had layed lowe in the earth . it had r r Layed almost as lowe as hell . hid deepe , & r r Stirrers vp of many euils . put vnto the Stigian shades , are digged out , being the ( r ) prouocations of euils . Whence riches the prouocations of all mischiefes were got out of the earth .

And now * * Hurtfull iron had come forth , &c. hurtful r r Weapons made of iron . iron , & golde y y Nocentius . ] Gold is said to be more hurtfull then iron , because most hainous and shamefull wickednesses are committed to get gold . more hurtful then iron came abroad , war comes forth , which z z Pugnat vtroque ] These are as it were the sinnowes of warre : these ( chiefly gold ) carry away the victory . fighteth r r With weapons and with gold . with them both . Then also was iron found out , whereof swords and other weapons of war are made , and then came golde abroad , farre more hurtfull then iron . And finally warre which is managed with them both .

And * * Smites together . shakes his r r Rustling , viz , ringing or making a noyse . ratling armour with a bloudy hand . Which warre is described by the ratling of armour , and sheading of bloud .

* * It is liued of that which is snatched [ or which is gotten by rapine . ] Men liue of rapine , Al Al The host is not safe from [ his ] guest , viz. from all danger by his guest . . the guest [ is ] not safe from his host . Then men began to liue by rapine , That the guest could not bee safe from his Host.

The father in lawe [ is not safe ] from [ his ] sonne in lawe , Nor the father in law from the sonne in law . and the * * Fauour , viz. loue , or true affection . agreement of brethren is r r Seldome seene . rare . And that it was rare to see brethren to agree .

* * The man . The husband * * Hangeth or houereth ouer . watcheth for the * * Destruction . death of [ his ] wife , The husband seeking the death of the wife ; the wife , of her husband . * * She [ houereth ] for the destruction . she of [ her ] husband .

The r r Cruell towards their step-children . terrible step-mothers doe r r Prepare . mingle a a Aconitum is a very venemous hearbe , first bred ( as Poets faine ) of the frothing of the dog of hell amongst the rockes or crags . * * Pale or wan . black r r Poyson , making blacke . wolf-bane . The step-mothers cruelly practising the death of their step-children by poyson , and all other wicked deuices .

The Sonne b b Inquires of diuiners , sorcerers , mathematicians , and the like . * * Inquires . r r Inquires how long his Father shall liue . pries into his Fathers yeers before his day . The sonne inquiring and seeking by magicall and wicked arts , how long his Father should liue .

* * Godlinesse lieth ouercome [ of vngodlinesse ] or trampled vnderfoot . Piety lyeth ouercome , Then began all true goldlinesse to bee troden vnder foote . and the virgin c c Astraea ) is said by some to haue beene the daughter of Astraeus , a most iust Prince , for whose equity shee was called Iustice , and is said to haue been taken into heauen , and is placed in the Zodiack , & called Virgo . * * Astraea . Iustice , the last of the heauenly r r Vertues or heauen dwellers . inhabitants , left the earth * * Wet with slaughter . imbrued in bloud . Then Iustice which before had beene vntouched betooke her selfe into heauen , leauing the earth imbrued in bloud .

FABLE V.

* * Of the fight of the Giants . Of the battell which the Giants prepared against the Gods . In this Fable the Poet sheweth , that the earth thus defiled , and iustice gone of it .

ANd least the high * * Skie . heauen should bee more r r Safe . secure then the earth , Least the heauen should bee more secure then the earth ,

* * Men ] say . They say that d d Gigantes . ] Giants were properly men of huge bodies , said to be the Sonnes of the the earth , without father , hauing serpents feet . But these indeed were wicked men , desp●si●g the Lord , and so said to goe about to driue God out of heauen . * * Giants to haue affected , viz. vehemently desired , or set vpon . Giants did e e Affectare . ] Signifieth to desire something vehemently , which a man cannot attaine vnto . affect * * The heauenly kingdome . the kingdome of heauen , Men say that Giants began to affect the very kingdome of heauen it selfe , to subdue it , and rule in it , hauing driuen out the Gods .

And * * To haue built vp . built vp mountains * * Carried together . heaped vp vnto the high skies . And to this end and purpose to haue heaped mountaines one vpon another , whereby they might climbe vp into heauen .

Then r r Iupiter . the Almighty Father * * Brake in pieces Olympus with his thunderbolt , sent downe . sending downe his thunderbolt , brake in pieces f f Olympus is a most high hill of Macedonia . Olympus , and r r Cast downe , or dashed in pieces , Pelion lying vnder Ossa . smit out g g Pelion and Ossa , are knowen mountains of Thessalie . Pelion lying vnder Ossa . 2. How Iupiter the King of heauen , with his thunderbolts brake downe and dasht those hils in peeces .

When as their * * Horrible , or direfull , or terrible . cruell bodies lay ouerwhelmed with their owne r r Greatnesse . vast weight , And with them ouerwhelmed the direfull bodies of those monsters . Which bodies of theirs thus crushed with the weight of the hils , and of their owne vastnesse ,

* * Men say the earth besprinkled [ or imbrued ] with much bloud of her sonnes , to haue waxed wet , and to haue animated [ or giuen life to ] the warme bloud . They say that the earth waxed wet being dashed with much blood of [ her ] sonnes , Imbrued the earth with their bloud . and that it animated the warm bloud . 3. How the earth thus soked with that warme bloud gaue life therevnto .

And least no monuments of their progenie should remaine ; And thereupon , least no monument of those Giants should remain ,

h h This bloud turned into the shapes of men , and not of Apes ( as some thought ) for that they were such contemners of the Gods , so violent and greedy of bloud , which Apes are not . * * [ It ] to haue turned into the face [ or shape ] of men . That it turned [ it ] into the shape of men : That the earth so steeped and animated with their bloud , turned into the shapes of men . * * But also that . and moreouer that that same * * Stocke , race , or linage . Propago is properly the flocke of an olde Vine , out of which many young shutes come . of-spring [ was ] a contemner of the Gods , Which of-spring of theirs proued also contemners of the Gods , and most cruell and bloudily minded , and most greedy of cruell slaughter .

And was violent : That any might know them to haue beene bred of bloud . that r r Any one might knowe . you might know it to be bred of bloud .

FAB. VI. Of Lycaon turned into a Walfe . This cruelty of theirs is shewed by the example of Lycaon , whome Iupiter turned into a Wolfe for his bloudy tyranny in this manner .

WHICH things * * After that . when * * Father Saturnius , viz. Iupiter , Saturnes sonne . Iupiter sawe r r From the top of heauen . from his high Tower . That when Iupiter from his high throane beheld this their cruelty , hee gaue a deepe groane .

r r Hee fetched a sigh or deepe grone . He sighes : and * * Relating or shewing , or oft thinking of . reuoluing in his mind , And pondering or reuoluing with himself the cruelty practised by Lycaon at his table , in setting mens flesh before his guests , the fact being lately committed , and not yet divulged , the * * Filthy . r r Shamefull fact at Lycaona table . odious banquets of i i Lycaon king of Arcadia , and sonne to Pelasgus , is reported not only to haue killed his guests , but also to haue vsed to set them at his banquets before other strangers to bee eaten : which when Iupiter had found by experience , he both burnt his house , and turned him into a Wolfe . Some thinke that this was fained , for that Lycaon did sacrifice a childe vpon the Altar of Iupiter . Lycaon of 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 signifying a Wolf . Lycaons Table , not yet r r Made knowne , or spread abroad . divulged , r r Because the fact was not yet made knowen . the fact being * * Fresh , viz. newly committed . new ;

He conceiueth in his minde * * Exceeding great angers . very great indignation * * Worthy of Iupiter . beseeming Iupiter . Hee first conceiued high indignation , beseeming his Maiesty .

And calleth a councell [ of the Gods : ] And forthwith called a councell of the Gods , who came immediately to consult hereof . r r They came without delay . no delay r r Did hold . with-held them being called .

k k The milky circle . There is * * A way aloft . a lofty way * * Manifest , viz. r r Shining brightly . Heere first the Poet takes occasion to set out the way to Iupiters Court. apparant Al Al The heauen being cleare . in a cleare heauen . 1. That it is aloft , & apparant to all in a clear heauen .

* * It hath the name Lactea , viz. the milky [ way ] or Lactea hath the name . It is called Lactea [ or milky ] l l Of all other circles in heauen , it alone may be seene with the eyes . r r Notoriously knowen , or easie to bee noted and knowen . notable by the very whitenesse . 2. That it is called via lactea , notable for shining whitenesse .

* * This [ way ] is the iourney for the gods to the roofes of the great thunderer , viz. Iupiter , or the iourney for the Gods , &c. This way the Gods goe vnto the Palace of great Iupiter , 3. That the Gods go that way to Iupiters house .

4. That on both sides of this way are the houses of all the other greater Gods , as Mars , Mercury , &c. continually frequented , & their gates standing euer open . And to [ his royall ] house . * * The Courts before the houses . The Courts of the m m Nobilium . ] These were called the greater Gods of the heathen , as Mars , Apollo , Neptune , Mercurie , &c. noble Gods are frequented r r With open gates . the gates standing euer open , on the right hand , and on the left .

r r The inferiour sort . The common sort [ of the gods ] r r Haue their dwelling . inhabiteth * * Diuers , or separate in places . distant in places : 5. That the multitude of their lesser or inferiour Gods haue their houses further distant from it . But the chiefe of the gods haue their houses in the front of that way . * * The mighty heauen dwellers . the potent * * And the famous , or noble . & glorious heauenvly peeres * * Haue set their houses from the front , or rather towards the forepart of the via lactea . haue placed their houses in the front .

n n Hic locus . ] The Poet seemeth to allude to the Palace of Rome , wherein the Emperours and chiefe ●eeres had th●● houses thus placed . Palatium was one of the 〈◊〉 of Rome , where were most stately buildings of the Emperours , whence all such are called Palatia of mons palat●nus . This is the place which * * If boldnesse may be giuen [ or graunted ] to my words . if I may speak boldly , 6. That such is the state of that way , that the Poet protesteth that he would not be afraid to call it the very palace of heauen .

* * I cannot , viz. I would not bee afraid . I need not feare * * To haue called . to call the Palace of the great heauen .

* * Therefore where . Then when the Gods sat * * In their inner roome paued with marble stone . in a Marble inner roome , After this description of the way wherby the Gods came to Iupiters house , and that they were now set in an inner roome , paued with Marble ,

He being higher in place , That Iupiter placed in his throane aboue them all , and leaning vpon his Iuory Scepter , shaked first the terrible locks of his head , with which hee made both Earth , Sea , and Heauen to tremble . and leaning vpon his Iuorie o o Sceptro . ] The Scepter is a staffe which Kings vsed to leane vpon . It is chiefly attributed to Iupiter , the King of Gods and men . Sceptrum 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 hoc est , ab innitendo , because Kings standing vsed to leane vpon their Scepters . Scepter , * * Moued [ or shook ] both thrice & foure times . shak't oft the terrible * * Bush of haire or lockes , viz. haire . bush of his head , wherewith he r r Makes to quake . moued [ both ] the earth , Sea , and * * The stars or signs of heauen , viz. the whole heauen . Heauen .

* * And then he loosed [ or opened ] his disdaining mouths in such manner . And after he spake thus with great indignation . And after that spake with great indignation .

p p Iupiters Oration to the Gods , wherein hee sheweth that all mankinde was worthy to be destroyed , sith the very Gods themselues were not free from their trecheries and outrage ; When as Lycaon was not afraid to lay hands vpon Iupiter himselfe , being the father both of Gods and men . Hee maketh them also attentiue , setting forth both the hainousnesse of the thing , and his own care for their safety . * * I haue not beene . I was not more * * Doubtfull or troubled . carefull for the kingdom of the world at that time * * In which . wherin Where is set out Iupiters Oration to the Gods , in which hee laboureth first to make them attentiue , by his care of the world , and of preseruing the Gods that yet remained in the earth . And this by comparison . euery one of q q The ●●ants are 〈◊〉 to haue 〈◊〉 fe●t for the●●●lish d●●●ces , & a hundreth hands for their violence . the snake-footed [ giants ] * * Prepared [ himselfe ] to cast on his hundreth armes to heauen , taken or surprised . was ready to laye [ their ] hundreth * * Armes . hands vpon r r The Gods dwelling in heauen . the heauen * * Being captiue , viz. taken , subdued , or conquered . which they indeuoured to surprize . That hee was not more carefull for the kingdomes of the world at that time when the Giants sought to inuade and conquer heauen .

For although [ that ] enemy was cruell , Because although that was a cruell enemie , viz. the Giants , yet that warre depended but onely vpon the Giants as vpon one bodie , and so he had to doe but onely with them , to destroy them . But now , that hee must bee inforced to destroy all mankinde in the whole world , all being becomne corrupt and rebellious against him , so farre as sea and earth extended . yet that warre depended of * * One body [ of the Giants ] that is , one kinred or stocke . one body & of one r r Of-spring of the Giants . beginning .

r r The manner how Magistrates should proceed in punishing , euen as the Chirurgian with limbs past cure . Now * * [ All ] the mortall kinde is to bee destroyed of me . I am to destroy [ all ] man-kinde * * What way . as far as the s s Nereus a God of the Sea , put for the Ocean Sea , compassing the world . * * Nereus soundeth about , viz. maketh a noyse about with his waues . Ocean roareth about the whole world : This hee bindeth by the solemne oath of the Gods , viz. swearing by the infernall riuers running from the Stygian groue , viz. by Styx . t t Hee sweares by Styx the riuer of hell , as the Gods vsed to doe , for that they feared to deceiue the God thereof . I sweare by the * * Flouds beneath . infernall riuers , * * Sliding . running vnder the earth from r r The wood hanging ouer the riuer Styx . the Stygian groue ,

u u This was the reason why the Consuls of Rome had a bunch of rods tyed vnto an Axe carried before them , to signifie that lesse offences are to be corrected with rods , but that wickednesse that cannot be helped is to bee vtterly cut off . * * All things . All meanes [ are ] * * Before . first to bee * * Tryed . assayed , That howsoeuer all meanes were to be tried first for preuenting hereof , yet sith all mankinde was becomn now as an vncureable and a desperate wound , they were all to bee cut off , for feare of corrupting that one part , which yet remained sound . but r r The wound that cannot be cured . the vncureable wound is to bee cut off with the * * Sword point . sword , lest the * * Sencere , viz. whole and vncorrupt . sound part * * Bee drawen to [ a like corruption ] be corrupted .

x x These were worthy Nobles which were accounted greater then men , yet lesse then Gods . * * There are to mee halfe Gods , there are rurall diuine powers . I haue halfe Gods , For that hee had yet in the earth halfe Gods , and countrey Gods , as Faunes , Nymphes , Satyrs , gods of the woods and mountaines . I haue countrie Gods , y y These Faunes are supposed to haue beene some kind of Baboons , Munkies , and the like , which the poore people seeing but seldome thought to bee Gods . For they are reported to haue beene little dwarfes , with crooked Noses , hairy bodies , Goats feete , and some of them hauing two hornes . These vsed oft to daunce , with other such like wanton gestures . r r Faunes , Satyrs , & Syluanes were accounted countrey Gods . Faunes , and r r Nymphes , were supposed Goddesses , and they of sundry sorts , according to the places which they are said to inhabite . Nymphs , & Satyrs , and also Syluans , which inhabite the mountaines .

Whome because we doe not as yet * * Count worthy . vouchsafe the honour of heauen , Whome because hee did not yet vouchsafe the honour of heauen to dwell there , yet he would haue them to inhabite the earth which he had giuen them , quietly and safely .

[ Yet ] r r At least . certainely let vs suffer them to inhabite the * * Earths , lands , or Countries . earth , Sabine maketh a doubt of it , whether they were men or diuels . which wee haue giuen them .

O ye r r Gods inhabiting the heauens . supernall Gods , Then turning his speech more specially vnto the Gods there present , asketh of them whether they thinke that those other halfe Gods , & the rest , could possibly bee safe in the earth , when as Lycaon durst plot mischiefe euen against himselfe , the great God , hauing the thunderbolt in his hand , to be auenged of all his enemies , and who was chiefe of all the Gods , hauing all of them vnder him , euen these themselues . do yee belieue that they can be safe enough .

When z z Lycaon a 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 ▪ 〈◊〉 Lyeaon a a The occasion or the Fable of Lycaons cruelty is thought by some to bee this , that hauing ordained games for triall of masteres ( in a hill called Lycaeus , ) vnto Iupiter , whome he therefore called Iupiter Lycaeus ; he there first offered an infant vnto Iupiter vpon his Altar which cruelty made him notorious and odious to all , as eating mans fies● ▪ & so entertaining Iupiter .. Others thinke it to bee for murdering one of the hostages of the Molossians , and offering him in sacrifice to Iupiter ; and so deuo●●ing them as sheepe , the Poets faine him to be turned into a Wolfe , alluding to his name . * * Knowen or noted for , or famous for it . notorious for cruelty , hath * * Built , [ viz. contriued or practised ] treacherre [ or treason . ] plotted mischief * * Tome . [ euen ] against b b This is thought to be spoken in fauor of Augustus Caesar , who escaped the treachery against him ; Not of Iulius Caesar , who was so murdered . me , c c The name of the Romans was becomne famous , by the worthy acts of Iulius and Augustus Caesar , which was sought to bee extinguished in Augustus Caesar , so conspired against to be murdered cruelly , as Iulius Caesar had beene before . who both * * Haue and rule . possesse and gouerne the r r Thunderbolt . lightning * * Who doe possesse and rule you . and [ euen ] you [ yourselues . ]

They all * * Require earnestly with ardent [ or feruent ] studies [ him ] being bold to enterprize such things . fretted together , Hereupon the Poet shewes the effect of his speech , how they all stormed , asking earnestly for him who durst attempt this . and r r viz. they asked for him to be punished . earnestly ask with vehement desire for him who durst doe such things . Then sets out the manner of their murmuring by a fit similitude : That like as when certaine wicked conspiratours sought to extinguish the famous name of the Romans , by murdering Augustus Caesar , as they had done Iulius Caesar before , all mankinde was astonished with the terrour of the suddaine feare , and the whole world did dread exceedingly , so did they disdaine . * * So. Euen so as when [ that ] wicked * * Hand , viz. a company of wicked conspiratours . band * * Doth cruelly rage . raged furiously to extinguish * * The Roman name in the Coesarian bloud . the name of the Romans in the bloud of the Caesars .

[ All ] mankind was r r Amazed . astonished with so great a terrour of [ such ] a sudden * * Ruine [ or vtter ouerthrow ] [ intended or ready to haue beene executed ] . downfall , & the whole world r r Was horribly afraid , or trembled with feare . did dread exceedingly .

d d

The religion & loue of thy people of Rome , who auenged the conspiracie against thee , is no lesse acceptable to thee , then the indignation of the Gods was to Iupiter , for the intendment against him .

This sheweth , the former to be meant of Augustus Caesar.

Neither ( oh Augustus ) [ is ] the piety of thy [ r r Subiects of Rome . Romans ] lesse * * Acceptable . pleasing vnto thee Afterwards , turning his speech to the Emperour Augustus , sheweth Iupiters acceptation hereof , that this loue and piety of the Romans , for being auenged on those conspiratours , was no lesse pleasing to Augustus himselfe , then that was to Iupiter .

Then that * * Hath beene . was to Iupiter ; who after that he had repressed the murmure of the Gods e e The Poet expresseth the gesture of them who command or cause a silence . * * With voyce . with [ his ] speach and hand ; And then how Iupiter staid the murmure of the Gods , inioyning them silence both by his speech and hand : & how all of them kept silence . * * They all held their peace . all of them kept silence .

After the * * Clamour . noise was r r Husht . stayed , And after that the noise was repressed by his grauitie , that Iupiter spake to them all againe , quieting them in this manner . That , that bloudy Lycaon had pa●ed dearely for it , and therefore that they should not bee any further carefull , nor fre● themselues about it : being repressed by the grauitie of the r r Iupiter their gouernour . Regent ,

Iupiter againe brake off the silence with this speech .

r r That bloudy Lycaon . He indeed hath * * Payed the punishment , viz. hee hath dearely bought it . payed for it , * * Dismisse ye [ or let goe ] this care of requiring him to bee punished . let this care passe .

Notwithstanding , And to giue them full content , he relates vnto them both the horrible fact which Lycaon had committed ▪ and how hee tooke vengeance of him . * * I will teach what [ was ] admitted [ or committed ] [ and ] what the vengeance is . I will shew what a horrible fact hee committed , and what r r Punishment for reuenge . vengeance I tooke of him .

f f This seemeth to bee a plaine allusion vnto that speech of GOD which he vseth to Abraham , before the destruction of Sodome , Genesit 18. 20. 21. and so Genes. 11. 5 concerning the builders of Babell , and an imitation thereof . The r r Cry of the sinnes . infamie of the r r Age ▪ viz of the people of this age or time . time had * * Touched . comne to our eares : Herein he sets downe first the occasion thereof , viz. how the generall cry of the wickednesse of that age had comne to his eares .

Which I * * Coueting or earnestly wishing . desiring [ to be ] false , And secondly , how hee ( wishing the cry to be false ) came downe from heauen to try it . * * Doe slide downe . descend from the highest heauen .

And [ though I bee the great ] GOD [ yet ] I r r Compasse about . viewe the earth * * Vnder a humane shape , viz. in the likenesse of a man . vnder the shape of a man . That thus , though he was the great God , yet he did view the earth in the likenesse of a man .

* * It is a long delay . It is too long * * To number or recken vp . to tell , Here hee aggrauates the sinne of all mankinde , that it were too long to tell how much wickednesse hee found euery where , that it was greater then the cry . how much wickednes is found euery where : the r r Report or cry . infamy it selfe * * Hath beene . was lesse then r r The wickednesse it selfe . the truth . And that to the end to search out that notorious and abhominable cruelty reported of Lycaon , he passed through Arcadia , going ouer Menalus that famous hill of Arcadia , notable and horrible with wilde beasts , and so ouer Lycaeus and Cyllenus .

I had * * Gone ouer . passed g g Menalus is a Citie , & famous mountaine of Arcadia , named of Menalus the sonne of Arcas . Menalus being * * Horrible , or very fearefull to cause horrour . dreadfull * * With. for the r r Cruell wild beasts . dennes of wilde beasts .

And the * * Places full of Pine-trees . Pinegroues of colde Lycaeus , r r And the hill Cyllenus . with h h Cyllenus a mountaine of Arcadia , dedicated to Mercurie . As Lycaeus is a mountain there , dedicated to Pan. Cyllenus .

r r And then , or from hence . Afterwards I enter into the * * Seats , or habitations . seat and * * Vnhospital roofes , viz. place vnmeet for hospitality . barbarous house of r r The cruell King of Arcadia , viz. Lycaon , the Arcadian i i Cruell Kings in Ouids time were called tyrants , which had formerly beene called kings . tyrant , And how afterwards he came to the seat and the very house of the tyrant Lycaon himselfe .

* * When the late twilight drew on the night . When as now k k Crepuseulum is taken for the twilight , either in the euening or morning , when it is doubtfull whether it bee day or night , of creperus , signifying doubtfull . it drew towards night . In the shutting in of the euening .

* * I gaue signes [ or tokens . ] I signified * * A God to haue comne . that a l l Deum may seeme here to be taken for Iupiter , the great God , viz. father of Gods and men . God was comne , and the * * Common people . common sort * * Had begunne . began r r To adore and worship me . to pray :

And caused notice to bee giuen , that the great God was comne .

Whereupon the common sort hauing yet some feare , began to fall to prayer .

[ but ] Lycaon at * * In the first [ place . ] first r r Scoffes , or laughes at . derides [ their ] godly prayers . But that Lycaon first derides their prayers .

* * I will proue saith he , by and by , by an open difference , or a manifest perill or experiment . By and by , Secondly , glories that he will make an experiment , to try whether hee was a God or no , or but a mortall creature , and that hee would make that past all doubt . quoth hee , I will try by a plain experience , m m He would make it plaine whether hee was a God , or no , thus ; because if hee was a God he could not be killed . whether he be a God or a mortall [ man . ] * * Neither the truth shall be doubtfull , or to be doubted of . Neither shall the truth be any more to bee doubted of .

[ So ] he prepareth to r r Kill or dispatch . destroy mee being heauie with sleep in the night , And thirdly , prepares for the murthering of him , viz. of Iupiter himselfe , by an vnexpected death , to catch him being heauie with sleepe in the night , and so this only experiment of the truth would please him . by * * A death not thought of . an vnexpected death . This experience of the truth pleaseth him .

Neither is hee content therewith , Fourthly , that he not yet content herewith , presently cuts the throat of one of the Hostages sent to him from the Molossians . [ but ] hee cuts the throate of one of the r r Pledges , viz. men sent to him for performance of promises . Hostages sent * * From the Nation of the Molossians . from the n n Molossi were a people of Epeirus , of whom Lycaon , hauing ouercomne them in warre , tooke Hostages , one whereof hee killed that hee might set him before Iupiter to banquet with . Molossians .

And so * * He partly mollified [ or boyled soft ] [ his ] limbs halfe dead , with hot water . he did partly seeth his ioynts being but halfe dead , And of him causeth part to be sod , and part roasted , and so to be set before him . [ and ] partly * * Roasted [ them ] with fire put vnder [ or put to them . ] roasted them .

Which * * Together . so soone as hee had set * * To the tables . vpon the table ; But assoone as euer these dainties were set before him vpon the table , hee forthwith turned vpon that cruell tyrants held his house , meet for such a master , and consumed it to ashes with reuenging fire . * * I ouerturned the roofes , being meete houses with reuenging flame vpon the master . I ouerturned vpon the Masters head , Al Al The house or houshold Gods worthy of reuenging fire . . with a reuenging flame his houses , being worthy [ to bee burnt . ]

r r Lycaon . He r r Affrighted with the burning of his house . being terrified flyeth away : And then how the wretch being terrified fled away , and getting all alone into desert woods , & getting the * * Silence or quietnesse . r r The woods . solitarinesse of the countrey ,

He r r Howleth wonderfully like a Wolfe . howleth out , Howleth out like a Wolfe : and r r Assateth in vaine to speake . indeauoureth to speake , And endeauouring to speake , but not able , runnes mad with furie . but all in vaine : o o Lyeaon was driuen into madnesse because he could not speake . * * His mouth gathereth a furious woodnesse from that time . from that [ time ] hee runnes mad : And instead of men fals vpon beasts , deuouring them as hee was formerly woont to deuour men . and vseth his greedy desire of [ his ] accustomed slaughter vpon r r Beasts instead of men . beasts , and r r Like as when hee was a man . now also doth he * * Reioyce . delight r r In sheading bloud . in bloud . And so still delights in bloud .

p p

Lycaon is fained to be turned into a Wolfe , because hee was so giuen ouer to greedy couetousnesse , that he liued of spoile as a Wolfe .

Thus are all rauenous and cruell oppressours , Wolues in the shapes of men .

His r r Clothes or apparel . garments * * Goe away , or vanish . are turned into r r Rough or great haire . haires , His garments were turned into haire , [ his ] armes into legs . [ his ] arms * * [ Grow forth , or are changed . ] into legs .

He is made a Wolfe , So that hee becomes in all things a Wolfe ; yet keeping still the prints of his olde shape . and [ yet ] he keepes the prints of his olde shape .

* * There is [ to him ] the same grainesse . Hee hath the same * * Hoarines or white gray colour . graynesse , Hauing the same hoary grainesse . the same * * Violence or fiercenesse . grimnesse of [ his ] * * Countenance . lookes . The same grimnesse of his lookes .

* * The same eyes doe shine [ to him ] there is the same image of cruelty , or fiercenesse . The same gloring of his eyes ; The same gloring of his eyes ; and the very same picture of cruelty . the same picture of crueltie .

FAB. VII . Of the generall deluge , and destruction of the world thereby , for the ouerflow of iniquitie , After that the Poet had set out the wickednesse of the time in this horrible fact of Lycaon , and the vengeance which Iupiter tooke of him for the same , hee proceedeth to declare that all the world , being likewise filled with cruelty , Iupiter fully resolues to destroy all in like manner . and the repairing the same againe .

ONe house * * Hath fallen , or is fallen . is ouerthrowen ; but not one house alone hath beene worthy r r To be ouerthrowen . to perish : q q Erynuis is taken for a Furie of hel , delighting in discord and warre , & a taker of vengeance on such especially as are impious against their parents . * * Cruell furie raigns what [ way ] the earth lyeth open , viz. euery where . crueltie raignes through all the world . That although this one house was ouerthrowen , yet it was not one house alone that had deserued it , but euen all man-kinde was worthy to perish .

* * You may thinke [ them ] to sweare to horrible wickednesse . r r A man would thinke that all men had bound themselues by oath to commit all kinde of mischiefe . You would thinke that all men had sworne together to commit all horrible wickednesse . Because cruelty so raigned euery where , that a man would haue thought that all sorts had conspired & bound themselues by oath , to commit all horrible wickednesse .

* * All of them let them giue the punishment &c. r r Let them haue all according to their deseruings . Let all of them * * More quickly . presently abide the punishment which they And therefore he decrees to deale with them all , in taking vengeance according to their desert . haue deserued * * To suffer . to indure , * * So my sentence [ or decree ] stands . [ for ] so I haue r r Determined . decreed . And this is the determination of his sentence , which he will not reuoke .

r r This seemeth to be an allusion to the manner of the Senatours of Rome , in giuing their sentences or voices . Part [ of them ] approoue the * * Sayings . speech of Iupiter by voice ,

Hereupon all the rest of the Gods approoue of Iupiters decree .

Some by speech setting him on ,

and * * Put vnto pricks or goads . put spurres vnto him [ thus ] * * Chafing , discontented , or full of indignation . moued : Others by their assents agreeing thereunto . others fulfil [ their ] parts r r By giuing their assent , or assenting . with [ their ] assents .

Yet notwithstanding r r They all take to heart the losse of mankinde . the r r Destruction . losse of mankinde is a griefe vnto [ them ] all , Yet here the Gods make sundry doubts concerning this matter . And first they are all troubled for this vtter destruction of mankinde . And then demand what the forme and condition of the world should be , being vtterly dispeopled , and depriued of mortall men . and r r They demaund of Iupiter . they ask , * * What the fashion of the earth shall be , being depriued [ or destitute . ] what r r should be . shall be the forme of the earth being depriu'd of mortal [ men . ] Who should do them any worship or seruice ? r r Who should worship or doe any honour vnto them . who should bring r r Incense or sacrifice . Frankincense vnto their Altars : Whether he thus prepared a way to deliuer the earth to the wilde beasts , to be wasted by them ? whether he [ thus ] prepare * * To giue ouer the earth to be wasted with wilde beasts . to deliuer to the wilde beasts the earth to bee * * Dispeopled , or wasted . destroyed ?

* * The King of the Gods forbids them , asking such like things to feare . Iupiter bids them asking such like things , To all which Iupiter giuing answere , first for the generall , bids them not to feare : for that he would haue a care of all these things . not to * * Tremble . feare , * * For [ hee said ] the rest [ or other matters ] to bee afterwards a care to him . for that hee would haue a care of all other matters , and promiseth [ * * [ To be . ] that there should be ] an r r Issue or generation . of-spring vnlike vnto the former people , And for mankinde , that hee would raise vp another of-spring farre vnlike this former , which hee would destroy , and of a more admirable beginning , viz. by changing euen very stones into men and women , as followeth after . of a * * Maruailous original , stock or birth , viz. By changing stones into men and women , as followeth after . wonderful beginning .

And euen now was hee * * About . ready to * * Scatter or spread , or throwe abroad . disperse his r r Thunderbolts . lightnings vpon * * The whole earths . all the earth : And here he was ready to haue scattered his lightnings , & throwen his thunderbolts thoroughout all the earth ;

But he feared , But that hee feared least hereby the verie heauens should bee set on fire , by so many fires euery where vnder them . least bechance the holy * * Skie . heauen should * * Conceiue [ or catch ] the flames . catch the flame * * From so many , &c. by so many fires r r Vpon the earth . [ vnder it ] and the whole s s The Axletree about which the heauen is said to bee turned , put for the whole heauen . * * Axletree . heauen should * * Begin to burne . be set on fire .

He also r r Cals to minde . remembreth that t t Fatum , according to the Stoicks , is the decreed order of things , whereby the world is gouerned necessarily . * * To be in the destinies or fates . it was decreed , And withall remembred that it was decreed , that such a destruction by fire should come in the end of the world . * * A time to be present . that the time should come ,

* * In which [ time ] the sea , in which , the earth & palace [ or court ] of heauen being catched [ by fires ] must burne . Wherein the sea , For that the time should come wherein earth , sea , and heauens being set on fire should burne , and the whole frame of the world should be dissolued . earth , & Palace of heauen being set on fire , should burne , & the * * Huge masse [ or building ] of the world so ful of work , [ or that cost so much labour ] must labour [ or faint . ] curious frame of the world should be dissolued .

[ His ] * * Darts . thunderbolts * * Framed , forged , or hammered . made by the hands of the u u The Cyclopians are said to haue beene Iupiters Smiths which make him thunderbolts . They were giants of Sicily , hauing but one eye , and that in the middest of their forehead . Cyclopians are r r Layed aside to bee reserued against the last destruction by fire . laid vp . Hereupon hee layeth vp his thunderbolts forged by his Smiths the Cyclopians .

A * * Diuers . r r It pleaseth him to haue a punishment contrary to that by fire , viz. by water . contrary punishment pleaseth [ him ] to destroy * * The mortall kind . all mankinde r r By water . vnder the water ; And resolueth of a contrary destruction , viz. To destroy all mankinde with a floud of waters : and that chiefly by sending downe a mighty raine from euery part of heauen . and to send downe * * Great showers or sodaine stormes of raine out of all the heauen . mighty raine from euery part of heauen .

[ And * * To that end . therefore ] hee forthwith shuts vp the x x Aquile , the North-winde is so called , because he commeth flying boystrously as an Eagle . North-winde in the * * Eolian caues . caues of y y Eolus , is fained to bee the sonne of Iupiter by Acesta● and he is said to bee the GOD of the winds , because being Prince of Eolie , hee found out much the reason of the winds , & by certaine signes to foretell what windes would blowe , and so was thought to haue the windes at commaund . Eolia . And to this purpose hee presently shuts vp the North-winde in the caues of the countrey of Eolia , where Eolus rules them .

And * * Whatsoeuer other blasts . all other windes which * * Put to flight , or cause to fly away . driue away the clouds r r Spred ouer . broght in ; And likewise all other windes which driue away the cloudes , and the raine .

And hee sends out the South-winde . And instead of them sends abroad the south-winde , the principall procurer of raine .

z z The South-winde is thus described , because it is commonly wet . The South-winde flies abroad a a The winds are said to haue wings , for the swiftnesse of them . with wet wings , Which is described thus , for the more easie vnderstanding the rainie nature of it .

* * Hauing couered his terrible , &c. or being couered in respect of his countenance , or as concerning his countenance . Synce . Hauing his terrible countenance couered with * * Pitchy darknesse , viz. blacke clouds . darknesse as black as pitch . 1. That hee comes flying with wet wings . 2. That he hath his countenance terrible & couered with darknesse as blacke as pit●h .

[ His ] beard [ is ] * * Heauie or full . loaden with * * Huge showers or stormes . abundance of raine , 3. That his beard is loaden with raine , and that raine floweth from his hoarie lockes , all bedeawed . the * * Waue . water floweth from his r r White with deaw . hoarie * * Haires . lockes .

Little cloudes sit in [ his ] forehead , 4. That in his forehead sit little cloudes , his feathers , bosom , & all distill like deaw . both [ his ] feathers and bosome r r Drop downe as the deaw or send downe a deaw . distill like deawe .

And as hee * * Pressed the clouds hanging farre and wide , with his hand . wringed with his hand the cloudes hanging all abroad ; 5. That hee wrings the clouds in his hand .

b b Fragor is the noise of things broken , ●frango . r r There followed a crash . A crash is made , Whereupon followeth immediatly a wonderfull crash , and the raine powreth downe abundantly from the skie . & * * Dense or thicke stormes . huge showers are poured downe from the r r Heauen . skie .

c c Iris , the raine-bowe is said to be the messenger of Iuno and sometimes of Iupiter , because appearing after dry weather , she is said to foreshow showers , and after raine faire weather , ab 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , dico . The rainebowe * * The messenger of Iuno hauing put on diuers colours . Iunoes messenger d d She is said to be arrayed with diuers colours for the sundry colours of it , made in the clouds by the reflexion of the beames of the Sunne or Moone . being arrayed with diuers colours , And lastly how the raine-bowe which is said to bee the messenger of Iuno , arrayed in her sundry colours , gathereth water likewise , and ministreth raine vnto the cloudes . r r Receiueth or gathereth within it selfe . conceiueth waters , and * * Bringeth nourishment vnto the clouds , viz. water to fill thin . affoordeth matter vnto the clouds . Then is set downe the effect of all these ; that by the violence of the mightie raine ,

The standing corne * * Are cast throwen downe . is beaten downe , The standing corne is beaten downe euery where . * * And the vowes lye deplored [ or bewailed , or desperate ] to the husbandmen . and the e e Vota , may bee taken for their corne , which they had begged with many vowes and prayers . hopes of the husbandmen lye altogether desperate : And all the hope and labour of the husbandman vtterly perisheth . and also the labour of the long yeer * * Made vaine , [ or becomne vaine and fruitlesse ] perisheth . being frustrate perisheth vtterly . And besides all these , the Poet sheweth , that for the increasing and furthering of this destruction by waters ,

Neither yet * * The anger of Iupiter is content . is the anger of Iupiter content r r To powre downe waters onely from heauen . with his own heauen ; Iupiter in his wrath not content onely to send downe raine from heauen in this manner , Procures moreouer his brother Neptune the God of the seas and waters to helpe him with his forces . but * * [ His ] azure [ or skie-coloured ] brother , viz. Neptune God of the sea . [ his ] azure colored brother Neptune , helpeth him r r With the forces of his waues . with [ his ] aiding waues .

r r Neptune . He calleth together * * The riuers . the Gods of the f f Amnis ab ambiendo . Varro . riuers : How Neptune forthwith calls together all the Gods of the riuers . who after that they * * Haue entred the roofes of their Tyrant . entred the house of their g g Tyrant is sometimes taken in the good part for a good King , ruling iustly for the good of the subiects . * * Tyrant , viz. Neptune . King ; we * * Must not . are not now , To whome so soone as euer they were entred his Palace , and comne into his presence , hee speaketh to this purpose , quoth he , That he was not now to vse any long exhortation : but that they all presently send out their forces , to vse any long exhortation : powre out your forces : That they open the fountaines of their riuers , open [ your ] * * Houses , viz. the fountains which are said to be the houses of the riuers , or rather of the Gods thereof . fountaines , [ for ] so there is neede ; & * * The great dam [ or heape of earth keeping in the water ] being remoued out of the way . hauing remooued all hindrances ,

Remoue all hindrances which might keepe in their waters ,

And giue a free libertie to all their streames .

* * Send ye in . r r Giue liberty to all your great riuers to ouerflowe . giue the whole h h Habenas . ] A metaphor from horses which are stayed with bridles . raines to [ al ] your streams .

i i Neptune had no sooner commaunded but these returne . r r Neptune . Hee had [ thus ] commanded . And then followeth their obedience , and readinesse , that Neptune had no sooner giuen this command , but that they all straight returne .

r r The Gods of the riuers returne . These returne , and * * Vnloose the mouthes to their fountaines . set open the mouths of their fountaines . Set open the mouthes of the fountaines of their riuers .

And [ so ] r r The great riuers or streames . they are * * Rouled . tumbled into the sea * * With an vnbride . led course , or outragiously . with a most violent course . Whereby the waters flowe out with all violence , and are rowled towards the sea in an outragious manner .

k k As the thunderbolt is ascribed to Iupiter , so a three-forked Mace to Neptune , wherewith he smiting the earth maketh it to tremble , and so the earth-quake , which is said to be made by the bursting of vapours , or waters out of the earth . r r Neptune . He himselfe [ also ] smit the earth with his three-forked Mace ; And moreouer , how Neptune also himselfe smites the earth with his three-forked mace . * * But it , viz. the earth . so that it

r r Quaked exceedingly . Trembled , Whereupon it trembleth exceedingly , and presently by the quaking thereof sets open all the passages of the waters , and springs within it . and * * Made to lye wide open the wayes . set open the passages of the water * * With her motion or trembling . in the moouing [ thereof . ]

The * * Great riuers flowing wide and farre . floudes running all abroad , And hereby the flouds run all abroad , and rush thorough the champaine fields . doe rush through the open fields .

And * * Snatch away , or whirle away . Carry away with all violence . carrie away with violence r r All manner of trees . Groues of trees . groues of trees , together with the * * Sowen fields . Sowen Corne. sowen corne , and also cattell , Cattell . and men , and * * Roofes of houses . Men. houses ; Houses . and [ all ] * * The inward places of their houses where they worshipped their Gods , and so their houshold Gods also . Here it is taken for all places of worship , as Churches , Chappels , &c. the places of the worship of their Gods , Churches and Chappels . together with their sacred things . Houshold Gods , with all their sacred things .

If any house remained r r Not cast downe by the force of the waters . If any house remained standing by the strength of it , vncast downe , and could * * Resist . withstand so great an euill : yet the * * Waue . Yet the water still encreaseth till it couer the tops thereof . water r r Being aboue it . being higher couereth the l l The top of the house was called Culmen , à culmo , because they were woont to be thacked with straw . top * * Of this . thereof ; and the towers lye hid being * * Pressed , or co●ered . So that the highest Towers are couered and ouerwhelmed vnder the vast waters . ouerwhelmed vnder the m m Gurges , signifieth properly any deepe gulfe or whirling place in a riuer . * * Gulfe , or deepe waters . vast waters .

r r There was no difference betweene sea and land , all was like a Sea . And that there was no difference betweene sea and land . And now the sea and * * Earth . land had no difference ;

r r The sea couered all But all things were maine sea . All things were n n Po●tus the sea called Pontus Euxinus here put for the sea in generall . sea , * * Also the shoares were wanting , viz. no shoares did appeare . euen the very shoares were wanting to the sea . No shores appearing any where . Then followeth that lamentable sight ,

* * This [ man ] That one gets vp into a hill to saue himself . One man * * Occupieth , or possesseth , viz. taketh a hill . gets vp into a hill , another sits in a o o The boate is called crooked , because both the forepart and hinderpart are so commonly , and other parts of it . Another sits in a boat to preserue life , crooked boat :

And * * Draweth [ or guideth ] his rudders there , or thither . Rowing where hee had plowed but hard before . roweth there , where hee had plowed of late .

r r Another [ man . ] And sailing ouer not onely standing Corne , but also tops of Villages ouerflowen , Hee sailes * * Vpon . ouer the standing corn , or the * * [ Ouer ] the tops . top of r r A Village drowned a drowned farme : * * Hee , viz. another man . That now they might catch fish sitting in the tops of trees . another catcheth fish in the top of an Elme .

r r The iron which the Mariners cast down into the sea by a cab●e to stay their ships . The anchors of their ships are fastened in the greene medows insteed of the bottome of the sea . The Anchor is fastened in the greene medowe , * * So fortune carried it , or would haue it , or so it happened . as it fell out :

Or the crooked p p The Keeles or bottomes of the ships put for the whole ships . r r Ships . The keeles of their ships floate ouer the vineyards , lying drowned vnder them . keeles r r Goe ouer the vineyards . do couer the r r Places set with Vines . vineyards lying vnder them .

And where * * Euen now or a little before . And where of late Go●tes and other cattell did feed . of late the r r Nimble . slender Goats * * Haue cropped grasse . did feede ;

* * There now . There sea-calues and other like Monsters of the sea do wallow now . There the r r Filthy & great . ill-fauoured sea-calues doe now r r Wallowe . lay their bodies .

q q Nereides . sea Nymphs so cald of Nereus their fathe● . r r The sea Nymphs . The very sea-nymphs do woonder to see the groues , Citties , and houses vnder the water . The nymphs of the sea doe woonder at the groues , and Cities , and houses vnder the water : also the Dolphins * * Hold or possesse the woods . The great Dolphines and other huge fishes of the sea dwell , as birds in the woods , abide in the woods , and * * Doe oft runne in , to the high branches . Swim vp and downe amongst the boughes of the trees , doe runne vp and downe amongst the thick boughs , and beat vpon r r The Oakes tossed with the waters . And beate in their swimming against the Oakes tossed in the waters . the tossed Oakes .

The Wolfe swimmeth amongst the sheep ; The Wolues and Lyons swim amongst the sheepe . the water carrieth the * * Browne or weefill coloured . tawnie coloured Lyons .

The water * * Carrieth . Neither doth their woonderfull swiftnesse helpe the Tigres , beareth away the r r The force of the wilde Bore , who is caried with so great violence against the hunter , that he may seeme to haue the very power of the thunderbolt , or lightning . r r The Tigre is a be●●● of woonderfulnesse. Nor fiercenesse the Bore , though his violent rage bee like the thunderbolt . Tigres , neither doth the s s This may bee vnderstood also of the 〈◊〉 of the Bore , wherewith he smiteth and 〈◊〉 like a thunderbolt . force of the thunderbolt [ help ] the Bore .

* * Neither . Nor yet the light legs ought auaile the Stagge . Nor yet doe the swift legs * * Profit . availe the r r Hart. Stag being * * Taken away . carried away [ with the waters . ]

r r All sorts of birds , or more specially the Swallow , which in flight most wand●rs vp and downe . The poore bird hauing long wandered vp and downe with weary wings , yet at length falleth into the sea , finding no place at all for rest or succour . The bird likewise wandring with wearie wings falleth downe into the Sea , * * The earths being sought long where she may stand or stay . hauing long sought the earth where she might rest .

* * The vnmeasurable liberty . The outragious waters couered all the lesser hills . The outragious swelling of the Sea had * * Ouerwhelmed the lesser hils . couered the t t Tum●lus à tumor● . hils .

And r r The great and vnusuall waters . And new surges still arising , beat vpon the tops of the highest mountaines . the ( r ) new waues * * Beat against . beate vpon the tops of the mountaines .

The greatest part [ of men ] is * * Snatched away . Finally , for mankinde , the greatest part thereof is violently whirled & carried quite away by the waters . whirled away violently by the water : r r They who escaped drowning , perished with hunger . whom the water spared ,

Those long * * Long fastings doe tame [ or subdue ] them with a helpelesse [ or succourlesse ] liuing . And if any bechance scape the violence of the waters , yet they languish away with long fasting , and vtterly perish for want of foode . fasting doth ouercome thorough lacke of r r Sustenance . Here the Poet hauing thus shewed the generall destruction of all things by this deluge , proceedeth now to shew how onely Deucalion and Pyrrha , were preserued , by whome mankind was repaired ; and first setteth downe the place where they were preserued viz. in the mountaine Parnassus , in the countrey of Phocis : which Phocis is described that it did lie betweene the Aonians and Acteans , seuering them . 2. That it was a f●uitfull land whil'st it remained a land . foode .

u u Here followeth a description of the mountaine Parnassus . in the top whereof Deucalion and Pyrrha were preserued , by whome after mankinde was repaired . x x Some make this an Hypallage . That the Aonians separate Phocis from the Acteans or Athenians , according to the tables of the Geographers . * * Phocis a fruitefull land , whilest it was a land , &c. seuereth . Phocis * * Separateth , or diuideth . seuereth the r r Boetians . Aonians from the r r Athenean fields , or fields of Acte where Athens stoode , or the countrey of Attica . Actean fields .

r r Which was . [ It was ] a fruitfull r r Countrey . land whilst it * * Hath beene , or was . remained a land , * * But [ it was ] a part of the sea at that time , and &c. but at that time ,

A part of the sea & a r r Large or spacious . But that at this time it was all ouerflowen and like vnto the maine sea . broad field of suddaine waters .

Al Al Where the mountaine Parnassus being high , with two tops . . 3. That in this countrey stoode the hill Parnassus , which is also described Where the mount r r Named Parnassus . Parnassus by name , * * A high hill . 1. By the height , that it did seeme to reach almost to the starres . reacheth almost vnto the * * Seeketh or goeth vp vnto the starres , or ascendeth . stars , 2. By the tops . That it had two tops , the height whereof went aboue the cloudes . with two tops , and * * Celestiall signes or skies . goeth aboue the clouds with his * * Goeth beyonde . And only this mountaine remained vncouered of the waters , by reason of the height . height .

y y This seemeth to be a plaine al●usion to the resting of the Arke of Noah , vpon the mountaine of Ararat . * * Top. Whenas Deucalion being carried in a little * * Where , or heere where Deucalion . How Deucalion and Pyrrha his wife , carried in a little ship , stayd here vpon this mountaine . ship * * Boate or Lighter . * * With the consort or companion of his bed , or bed fellow . Ratis is most properly a Lighter , made of pieces of timber , pioned together , whereon hay or other like things are dragged or drawen with horses on Riuers . together with his wife , * * Sticked here . stayed here , for the sea had couered the rest ;

Al Al They adore Nymphes of Coryceus . . And how first when they were comne to land ; in token of their thankfulnesse , and to pacifie and obtaine the fauour and helpe of the Gods , they adored the Nymphs and Gods of that mountaine , to whome it was consecrat●ed . He adoreth the z z Coryceus is a caue in the hill Parnassus , dedicated to the Nymphes . ( r ) Corycidane Nymphes , and the * * Diuine powers of the mountaine , viz. Apollo , B●cchus , and the Muses to which Parnassus was consecrated . Gods of the Mountaine ,

And a a Themis Iupiters sister' ( of whome hee begat Minerua ) Goddesse of Iustice , commanding men to aske nothing of the Gods , but that which was lawfull and meet , whereof she had her name of 〈◊〉 sas or iustum . r r Themis the foret●ller of the secrets of the destinies . Themis the destinieteller , And especially Themis the Goddess of Iustice , who at that time was Lady and president of the Oracles , and gaue answers vnto them who sought for helpe , or to know secrets of the Gods , as Apollo did after . who at that time b b Themis is 〈◊〉 to be the chiefe geuetr our of the Oracles ▪ viz of Religion , 〈…〉 reason which is in 〈◊〉 doth teach all sons that there is a God , and that this God is of due to be worshipped : and doth maintaine this opinion , being ingrauen in the minds of men , by the generall consent of all Nations ; as Tully saith . vid. Sabin . * * Held the Oracles , or gaue answer concerning the destinies as Apollo did after . gaue answeres from the Gods .

* * There was not any man better then he . Here the Poet setteth out first that holinesse and integrity of these two parties who were thus preserued by whom mankinde was so repaired , to whome also the Gods had such respect . There was not a better man then he , * * Nor more louing equity or iustice . or one that more loued equitie ; or any one * * More reuerencing the Gods [ or a more deuout worshipper of the Gods . ] That there were not any better in the earth then they , nor any more iust or more deuout , and more true worshippers of God . that more reuerenced the Gods then she .

After that Iupiter seeth * * The globe or compasse of the earth . And secondly , that hereupon Iupiter , seeing the world thus ouerflowen as a pond . the world r r To stand all ouerflowen as a fen . to stand as a pond with r r Waters standing all abroad as in a fen . liquide fens ,

And one onely man to remaine Al Al Of so many thousands euen now . . And onely one man and one woman to bee left aliue of all the world , and all alone ; of so many r r Thousand men . thousands ,

And onely one woman to be remaining of so many thousands ,

Both of them r r Innocent . And these two both of them most harmelesse creatures , & most deuout worshippers of God : harmelesse , both * * Worshippers of the diuine power or God . deuout worshippers of God ;

He * * Cast asunder , seuered or scattered . Hee in compassion disperseth the clouds ; dispersed the cloudes , and * * Great showers [ or tempestuous weather ] being remooued with the North-winde . And driues away the raine with the North-winde . hauing remooued the mighty raine with the c c The Northwinde scattereth the cloudes , and bringeth faire weather . Northwinde ,

Hee sheweth both the r r Lands . And so beginnes to cleare both the heauen and the earth by remouing the cloudes from the skies , and the waters from off the face of the earth , that both heauen and earth might bee seene to one another . earth * * To heauen , and the skie to the lands , viz , the waters which had couered all being remooued . vnto the heauens , and the heauens vnto the earth .

Neither doth the * * Anger viz. viclent ouerflowing . Hee abateth also the rage of the seas . rage of the sea * * Remaine or abide . continue :

* * And also the triple poynted [ or three-forked ] dart being layed away , [ or being put to it ] the sea asswageth [ or calmeth ] the waters . His brother Neptune also , who had so helped in increasing the flood , hee layeth aside his triple-forked Mace , And also Neptune Al Al Vsing his three-forked Mace . . hauing layd aside d d The three-forked Mace is ascribed to Neptune , as is thought of some , for the three parts of the world which the Ocean sea compasseth about , and for that in places neere the sea are oft earthquakes , and inund●●ons with the e●●thquake : and thereupon is Neptune 〈◊〉 to smite the earth with his three-forked mace , as before . his three — forked Mace , Asswageth the waters . asswageth the waters : Calleth forth his Trumpetour Triton . and calleth forth [ that ] * * Skie coloured , or Sea coloured . azure coloured Triton [ his Trumpeter ] appearing aboue * * The deepe [ Sea . ] Who straight appears vpon the sea , the deepe , and * * Couered vpon his shoulders , or in respect of his shoulders . Synec . Hauing vpon him a robe of a natiue purple colour . hauing his shoulders couered with r r A purple robe . a natiue e e Murex is a shell-fish , of the bloud whereof purple colour is made , here put for the colour it selfe , or a robe dyed with that colour . purple colour ; and commaunds him to f f Triton is a sea-monster , like vnto a man in the vpper part , and in the nether part like vnto a fish ; he is of a skie color , & hath a shel like vnto the great Cockle . He is f●ned to be Neptunes Trumpeter , who by a sound can asswage the seas . And the reason thereof is , because he both soundeth loud in a shell , and when hee is heard , or appeareth , he then foresheweth a calme to follow . Him hee commands to sound a retreit to the flouds and streames , therwith to recall them all . blow with [ his ] sounding shell , and now to recall the * * Waues and flouds . floudes and streames * * A signe being giuen [ that they may returne , ] or a retreit being sounded . by [ this ] signe giuen vnto them .

g g Tritons Trumpet described . r r Triton . * * A hollow Trumpet is taken to him , [ or of him . ] Hee forthwith takes his Trumpet . He taketh vnto himselfe [ his ] hollowe Trumpet writhen * * Into widenesse or a broad compasse . wider and wider , * * Which increaseth from the lowest top [ or mouth , or poynt ] like the sharpe end of a top . ] which waxeth bigger like vnto a top from the very smallest end .

* * [ His ] trumpet [ I say is taken ] Which so soone as hee had set vnto his bedeawed mouth , & that it felt his blast , [ His ] trumpet [ I say ] which r r So soone as it began to be blowen [ or to sound . ] so soone as it conceiueth the * * Ayre or winde . blast in the middest of the sea , Filleth with the * * Voyce . It filled with the sound of it al the shores lying vnder the whole heauen . sound [ all ] the shoares lying vnder * * Both Phoebus , viz. the sun rising and setting , or both East and West , or all betweene the East and West , and so vnder the whole heauen . compasse of the Sunne .

Then also * * After that . so soone ( r ) as it touched the * * Mouths of the God , viz. of Triton . mouth of the God r r Triton had set the trumpet vnto his mouth , distilling with his wet beard . distilling like the deawe with his wet beard , and being r r Blowen in , sang . blowen , sounded the commanded retreits ,

It was heard * * To all , viz. by and throughout all the waters . So that it was heard of all the waters , both in the land and sea . of all the waues both of land and sea .

And of what * * Waues . And so soone as euer it was heard of them , it forthwith repressed them all ; waters soeuer it was heard , it [ forthwith ] repressed them all .

And now hath the Sea [ his ] * * Shoare . That immediately the Sea commeth within the shores againe . shoares [ again ; ] the chanell * * Taketh or receiueth , or keepeth within the compasse of it . containeth the full r r Streames . The riuers returne & runne within their chanels . riuers .

The floudes r r Are diminished , and not so deepe . All the floudes doe settle downe ; and as it were , little hils begin to appeare . settle downe , [ and ] the little hils doe seeme to * * Goe forth , or they doe appeare . come forth .

The ground ariseth , The ground ariseth , waxing broader . places r r Waxe greater and broader as the waters diminish . doe increase , the * * Waues . The waters fall , waxing narrower . waters decreasing .

* * Also the woodes shew their naked tops after a long season . So that after a long time , the woods begin to shew their naked tops ; And after a long h h 〈…〉 in foeminino vsi 〈…〉 pro tempore . time the woodes shewe their r r Vncouered , and without leaues . naked tops , and * * Hold. Hauing still the mud hanging in their boughes . keepe the mud left In their * * Bough , branch , or leafe . boughs .

* * The globe or compasse of the earth , or vpper face , And finally the world is restored againe , that the face of the earth doth all appeare . The world r r is to be seene againe . was restored : which after that Deucalion saw * * Open , viz. empty of man and beast . Which when Deucalion sawe how it was emptie , and desolate , and silent , it made bare ,

And also the r r Left alone , or desolate of man and beast . desolate * * Earths . earth * * To doe [ or keepe ] deepe silences . to be altogether silent , he speakes thus vnto Pyrtha , He speakes thus vnto Pyrrha with the teares arising in his eyes . the teares * * Risen , or arising . standing [ in his eyes . ]

i i A patheticall speech , and full of affection , whereby Deucalion indeauoureth to binde Pyrrha mere firmely vnto him ; and to moue her to consult for the repaire of mankinde . k k Deucalion and Pyrrha were brethrens children : for Iatheth as they say had two sons , Prometheus , of whome came Deucalion , and Epimetheus , of whome was Pyrrha . And so he calleth her sister in most kinde sort , for that neer bond , and after the ancient manner . Oh my sister , my dearest wife , oh woman onely left aliue , Oh sister , oh [ my ] wife , oh the only woman r r Suruiuour of all womankinde . remaining aliue ,

Whome the common stocke and * * Originall of cosingermans , descended from two brethren , viz. Prometheus , and Epimetheus . Whome so neere a descent , euen from the same Grandfather , and afterwards the mariage bed , and now also these very present dangers haue thus ioyned together : descent from the same Grandfather , & afterwards the r r Mariage . bed hath ioyned vnto mee , * * Now the very dangers do ioyne . and now also these very dangers do ioyne together :

Wee two are the whole company of [ all ] the lands , Thou seest that wee two are all the company that are left aliue in all the world . which soeuer * * The setting and rising [ of the Sun ] doe see . the West and East do see ; the Sea * * Hath possessed the rest . The sea hauing vtterly swept away all other liuing creatures . hath l l Caetera animant●●a . all other liuing creatures .

Moreouer , And moreouer , that this stay of our life is very vncertaine . this r r Trust or stay . confidence of our life is not yet r r Certaine . And how euery little cloude doth now terrifie our hearts . sure enough ; now * * Euen the clouds . euen the verie cloudes doe terrifie [ our ] minde .

* * Oh [ woman ] to be pittied , what minde coulde bee to thee now , if thou hadst beene Oh poore soule , what a heart wouldest thou now haue had , if thou hadst escaped alone without me ? Ah poore soule to be pittied , what a heart shouldest thou now haue had , if thou hadst beene * * Deliuered from the destinies without me ? preserued alone without mee ? * * Snatched from the fates . How shouldest thou haue been able to haue endured this feare ? how couldest thou alone * * By what meanes . endure [ this ] feare ? * * Beare the feare . * * By whome comforting [ couldst thou endure these ] griefes ? Whome shouldest thou haue had to haue comforted thee in thy griefes ? by whose comfort [ couldest thou abide these ] griefes ?

For why ? I my selfe , As for my selfe ( my dearest wife ) if the sea had taken thee away , I would certainely haue followed thee , and it should haue had mee too . ( my [ deare ] wife belieue mee ) if the Sea had thee * * Also , viz. in like manner as the rest of the creatures . likewise , would follow thee , and the sea should haue me too .

m m Prometheus ( ●s is said before ) formed the earth vnto the image of man , and put into it a heauenly soule . And for mankinde , that is thus destroyed , oh would to God I were able to repaire it , by my ancient Father Prometheus skill , and to infu●e soules as hee did into the formed earth . Oh that I were able to r r Renew , or restore againe . repaire the people by my Fathers * * Arts. skill , & * * To powre in . infuse soules into * * The earth being formed [ or framed ] viz. into the shapes of men . the formed earth .

Now [ all ] * * The mortall kinde . For now all mankind remaineth in vs two . mankinde remaineth in vs twaine .

[ For ] so it hath * * Seemed good to . pleased the Gods , So it hath beene the good pleasure of the Gods . and we remaine r r Onely patternes . And we remaine the onely patternes of the same . samples of men .

* * He had spoken . And thus Deucalion ended his speech . Hee had thus made an end of his speech , The Poet hauing thus liuely set out the emphaticall speech of Deucalion , concerning the restoring of mankinde , proceedeth to shew the effects which followed . and they [ both ] wept .

* * It pleased [ them ] . Then they thought it good to pray vnto the heauenly * * Diuine power . How they both wept . God , and to seeke his ayde by the n n Sacrae sortes ] were taken for such answers and prophecies as were drawen out by lot , and were knowen by the lots . And thought this the onely meanes for effecting hereof ; sacred * * Lots . First , to pray to the heauenly God , and to seeke his ayde herein by the sacred Oracles . Oracles .

* * There is no delay . They made no longer delay : * * They goe vnto . And secondly , how they made no longer stay , but went both together forthwith to the riuer Cephisus , a riuer hard by , flowing out of the bottome of the hill where they were . And there , though the water thereof was not yet cleare , but onely gotten in , and running within the chanell , they goe together to * * The Cephisidan waters . the waters of o o Cephisus is a riuer flowing out of the bottome of Parnass●s , ●neer vnto which the temple of Themis stood . Cephisus .

* * And not as yet liquide , viz. cleare or pure [ but muddy ] Although not* cleare as yet , but now [ onely ] r r Keeping within their chanels or knowen banks . cutting the knowen fordes .

* * And then so soone as they haue bedeawed [ or sprinkled ] the liquors tasted [ or drawen vp . ] Yet they sprinkled of the same vpon their clothes and heads . From thence so soone as they had sprinkled the waters lightly touched

* * To their garments and head . Vpon their clothes & head , r r They goe . And thence turned presently vnto the Temple of the sacred Goddesse Themis , which stoode neere therevnto . they turne their steps vnto the p p Delubrum , is coniectured to be of Deus ( vt candelabrum , à candela ) a place where any God was worshipped : or of diluendo , because the Heathens vsed to sprinkle them before they praied or worshipped in them . * * Place of worship , or chappell . Temple of the sacred r r Themis . Goddesse , the * * Tops of which were foule [ or filthy or ouergrowen . ] roofe wherof of The roofe whereof was all , as ouergrowen with mosse , filthie and lothsome , was lothsome with filthy mosse , and r r The altars of Themis . [ her ] Altars stoode without * * Fires . And her Altars stood without fire . fire .

* * As they haue touched . Assoone as they touched the * * Steps , or greeces . And thirdly , how assoone as they touched the staires of the temple , both of them fell downe humbly vpon their faces , staires of the Temple , both of them * * Lyeth downe , or fals downe . fall down ,

* * Groueling , or flat on their faces . Humbly vpon the ground , and * * Being in great feare . And trembling kisse the stones thereof . trembling , * * Gaue kisses to the colde stone . And finally thus they make their prayer vnto Themis : kissed the colde r r Stones of the stairs . stone .

And thus they spake : If the r r Gods , If the Gods can bee ouercomn by the praiers of the iust , if they can bee appeased and their anger asswaged , diuine powers being ouercomne * * With iust prayers , viz. with prayers of iust men . with the prayers of the iust , * * Wax mild , or doe relent . begin to be appeased againe : if the anger of the Gods be * * Bowed , viz. can be mooued , or pacified . asswaged ,

Oh Themis tell [ vs ] by what * * Art , viz. skill o● r meanes . Oh Themis tell vs by what meanes the losse of our kinde may bee repaired , and helpe ( Ogracious Goddesse ) for the restoring of all things againe . deuice the losse of our r r Stocke or kinred , viz. mankinde . kinde * * Is repairable , or is to bee repaired , or may be repaired , or restored . may be repayred ; and oh most r r Gentle or gratious . milde [ Goddes ] * * Bring helpe to , or relieue , or renue , bring [ som ] help to * * The things drowned . mankind being thus destroyed .

The Goddess is mooued [ at their prayers ] & * * Gaue a lot , viz. an answer from the Oracle . Hereupon the Goddesse is mooued with compassion at their prayers , and giues them this answer ; giues [ them ] [ this ] answer , Depart ye out of the Temple . Depart yee out of the temple ;

And r r Hide . Couer your heads , and let your garments loose . couer your * * Head . heads , * * And vnloose your garments being girt , or slacke them . & withall vnloose your garments ,

And [ then ] And then cast the bones of your great mother behinde your backes . cast the bones of [ your ] great * * Parent or grandmother . mother behind your backe .

* * They were amazed long , viz. wondring what the answer should meane . At this strange answere they stood both amazed long ; They stood amazed long ; but * * Pyrrha the former brake the silences with her voyce , viz. spake first . But Pyrrha breaking off the silence first , refuseth to obey this commaundement of the Goddesse , Pyrrha breakes off the silence first , and refuseth to obey the r r Hest. commandement of the Goddesse .

And * * Prayeth with a fearefull mouth . Beseeching her with a trembling voyce , that she would pardon her therein , for not doing as she commanded , for that shee feared exceedingly to hurt her mothers soule ; by casting of her bones in such manner behinde her backe . beseecheth [ her ] with a trembling voice , * * That she may giue pardon to her . that [ she ] would pardon her , * * And. for that shee feareth exceedingly

To hurt [ her ] * * Mothers shadowes or ghosts . mothers ghost , * * Her bones being [ so ] cast or hurled . by casting of her bones .

In the meane time they r r Repeat with themselues , viz. meditate . And yet in the mean time , they both of them oft repeat , and seriously can betweene themselues the words of the Oracle , which were so obscure with secret mysteries . repeate and * * Roule often , or tosse in examining and pondering in their mindes . scan betweene themselues the words of the * * Lot being giuen . answer which was giuen being obscure with * * Blinde . darke * * Holes ▪ or secret & hidden things . mysteries .

q q Prometheus and Fo●metheus , are 〈◊〉 to haue bee●e breth●en , sonnes of ●aphet , as 〈◊〉 said . Prometheus signifieth one who is vi● , following reason , and so taketh aduice before , or prouiding before , of 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 & 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 consi●ium . Epimetheus , one following sense & reason foolish , taking counsell after the deed . And then beginnes Deucalion to comfort his dear wife with these sweet words ; And then * * Prome●hides , Prometheus sonne , viz. Deu●a●ion the sonne of Prometheus . Deucalion comforts * * Epimethides , viz. Pyrrha , Epimetheus daughter . Pyrrha [ his wife ] with these * * Pleasing or gentle words . sweet wordes :

* * And either . Either ( quoth hee ) my judgement deceiueth me much , Either , quoth he , * * Our cunning [ or wit ] is deceitfull to vs , or the depth is hid from vs . our iudgement deceiueth vs ;

Or the * * Oracles are godly . Or the answer of the Goddesse is holy , and perswadeth vs to no such impietie at all , much lesse to such as the words may import . answeres are holy , & r r Command . * * Perswade no wickednesse or vnlawfull thing . perswade vs to no impietie .

The great mother is r r The earth is rightly called the great mother , for that all things in it both li●ing , and without , life are bred of it , and for that it nourisheth all liuing things , and receiueth all things , dying , as into the bosome of it . I suppose that by the great mother is meant the earth , and by the bones the stones in the body thereof . the earth : I suppose the stones in the bodie of the earth to bee called bones ; And that we are commanded to cast those stones behinde our backs . wee are commanded to cast these behinde our backs .

Although s s Titania a name of Pyrrha , neece or grand-childe to Iaphet , the son of Titan , who was the Sonne of Coelum and Vesta . * * Titania is . Now although Pyrrha was much mooued at this coniecture of her husband ; and both of them hoped well it might be so ; Pyrrha be moued by this * * Diuination or interpretation . coniecture of her husband ;

Yet * * [ Their ] hope is in doubt , viz. they hope doubtfully , or distrusting . Yet they were still doubtfull , and both distrust in some sort the heauenly Oracle . their hope is doubtfull , and stil both of them distrust the heauenly * * Admonition or counsell . Notwithstanding thus they beginne to reason with themselues ; Oracle : but what shall it hurt [ them ] * * To trie . What can it hurt vs to make a triall hereof ? to make a triall ?

They depart & * * Veile . Thereupon they depart , and as they were inioyned , couer [ their ] * * Head . They couer their heads , heades , & * * Let loose [ their ] coats . Loose their garments , vngirde their garments ,

And * * Send . Cast stones behinde their backes . cast the t t This is thought to bee fained thereupon , that Deucalion a King of Thessalie , after a great ●oud , wherewith all Greece is said to haue beene ouerflowen , is reported to haue instructed the rude and sauage people , and to haue framed them by good lawes to put away their fierce , hard & vntractable natures : and so to haue caused them to leaue the stony rockes and caues wherin they then liued , casting them as it were behinde their backes , and to haue gathered into companies , and built them Cities . stones commanded behind their * * Footsteps . backes .

The stones ( who can belieue this but that anquitie r r Hath witnessed it . And forthwith the stones ( a matter incredible , but that antiquity doth giue certaine testimony vnto it ) is witnesse ? )

Began to * * Put away . Begin to lay away their naturall hardnes . lay away [ their ] hardnesse , and their * * Rigour , sturdiness or roughnesse . Or rather it is fained of the Poets onely to signifie the deprauation or peruersnesse of soule and bodie , or of mans nature . stifnesse ,

And to bee * * Made soft . To soften by little & little , softened * * By delay . by little and little , and being softened * * To lead . And to take a shape . to take a shape .

* * Straight-way , whenas . Yea so , as some shape of man beginnes to appeare ; By and by * * They haue increased or waxed bigger . they increased * * And a softer nature happened vnto them . and receiued a softer nature , * * As. that some shape of man * * May. might be seene , * * So. Although not very manifest at the first , though not * * Manifest or apparant enough . [ very ] manifest , but as [ an image made ] of Marble newly begun ,

* * Not exact [ or perfect ] enough . Yet like images wrought in marble when they are newly begunn● , onely rough hewen , and not finished : Not yet finished , and most like * * Rude or rough . And most like vnto impolished pictures . impolished * * Signes , viz. images or statues roughly hewen . pictures .

Yet what part of them was moyst with any r r Moysture . And what part of the stones was moyst and earthy , iuyce ,

And also earthy , That is turned into flesh and bloud . is turned into r r Flesh. the vse of the body :

* * What thing , or what part . What is solide and cannot bee bowed , The solide parts into bones . is changed into bones .

* * What [ part ] hath beene . What was * * Euen now . lately a veine , The veines of the stones into vaines of the bodie . remained vnder the same name .

* * And so the stones sent by the hands of the man , drew the face of men in a short time by the diuine power of the Gods . And [ so ] in a short space by the power of the Gods , And thus in a short space , through the mighty power of the Gods . the stones

* * Sent , Cast by the hands * * Of Deucalion . of the man , The stones cast by the hands of the man are made men . r r Receiued the proportion and nature of men . tooke the shape of men .

And the woman * * Is. was repaired r r By the stones which the woman cast behinde her . by the womans casting [ of stones behind her . ] A●d those cast by the hands of the woman are made women .

Thereupon wee are a hard kinde and * * Hauing such experience [ or pro●fe ] of labours , or so able to indure toyle and hardnesse . so experienced in labours . Whereupon it is com●e to passe , that we are so hard a kinde .

And [ thereby ] do giue * * Documents or demonstration . experiments u u Hence it is said to bee that the Graecians call the people 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , a s●o●e . * * Of what originall wee are bred , viz. whereof wee are made . from whence we haue had our beginning . And doe giue continuall experiments from whence wee haue had our beginning , euen from stones .

FAB. VIII .

Of the restoring of the Creatures , by the sliminesse of the earth and warmenesse of the Sun , and the killing of r r The serpent or dragon . the a a By the Python or dragon bred after the flood , of the moyst earth , is meant the ●otten , noysome and pestilent vapours , which were caused by the inundation and generall deluge , vntill they were consumed by the beames of the Sunne , signified by Apoll●es shaf●s . Python bred amongst them , by Apolloes shafts , in the remembrance wherof the Pythian games were ordained .

b b That liuing creatures may 〈…〉 the moyst 〈…〉 warme by the heate of the Sunne , hee sheweth that Egypt is a witnesse ; where , after the inundation of Nilus , the clo●● are changed into diuers shapes of liuing creatures by the power of the s●nne .

THe earth brought In this Fable the Poet proceedeth to shew the repairing of the rest of the creat●res . forth r r Other liuing creatures . the rest of the liuing creatures , These are here inserted by the Poet , not onely to shew the restoring of the rest of the creatures , but also for the more fit knitting hereto of the next fable of Daphne turned into a Lawrell . in diuerse * * Formes . shapes of it own r r Nature . accord ,

1. How mankinde being thus restored , the earth brought forth the rest of the liuing creatures , of all sorts , and that of it owne accord .

And secondly , the meanes and manner thereof .

That so soone as the moyst earth began to wax warme by the heat of the sunne .

And especially the mud in fennie places ,

after that the olde * * Humour or moyst earth . moysture * * Waxed throughly warme , or very hot . began to bee thoroughly warme * * From. by the * * Fire . feruent heat of the sunne ; and also the mud and the moist fennes

* * Haue swelled . Began to swel with heat ,

Began to swell by the heat thereof ,

The seeds of all things being in the same earth ,

& the fruitfull seeds of [ all ] things

Being nourished r r In the earth ministring life . in the * * Quickning . liuely soyle as in the * * Belly . wombe of [ their ] mother , And nourished in that liuely soyle , as in the wombe of their mother ,

Increased , Increased , and tooke sundry shapes by little and little . and took some * * Face or forme . shape * * By delaying , staying or tarrying , or by little and little . by continuance of time . This he declareth by a similitude , and an instance of the like in Egypt , by the meanes of the riuer Nilus .

Euen as when c c Nilus is thought to be so named , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 nouum lutum , new clay or mud , because it ouerflowing euery yeare , carieth with it new mud , whereby the fields are manured and made exceeding fruitfull , and whereof these creatures are said to be bred . Nilus , * * Hauing seauen streames or currents . which floweth into the sea by 7 mouths , That euen as when Nilus that great riuer of Egypt , running into the Sea by seauen streames , hath ouerflowen their fields , and is returned againe within his banks , hath * * Forsaken . left the * * Wet fields . fields all wet , * * And hath restored his flouds to the ancient chanell . and brought againe [ his ] * * Flouds or current . streames into his ancient d d Alueo Synaeresis . chanell , * * Chanell or water-course .

And the r r New mud or slime , or moyst earth . fresh mud hath waxen very hot by the e e The sunne is specially so called athere●●idus , because of the heate and influence of it aboue the rest of the starres . * * Fiery signe or star . heauenly Sunne , And that the fresh mud left behind it , hath waxen warme by the beames and influence of the sunne .

The * * Tillers [ of the ground or husbandmen ] plowmen * * The clods being turned ouer . turning ouer the clods doe finde very many liuing creatures ; The husbandmen as they plowe and turne ouer the clods , do finde very many liuing creatures caused thereby . and * * They see in these . amongst these they see some onely begunne , And amongst the same , some they see only begun to be formed , according to the short time they haue had to be bred in . * * By the very space of breeding , viz. according to the time of their breeding . according to the short space of [ their ] breeding , Some vnperfect , and as it were cut off by the shoulders . some vnperfect , and * * Cut short , viz. wanting shoulders or heads . cut off by their shoulders : And ofttimes they behold one part of the same creature liuing , another part therof still remaining a very lumpe of earth altogether without shape or forme . * * And one part oft times liueth in the same body . and oft times in the same bodie one part liueth , another part * * Is. remaineth r r Vnformed or vnsha●e●●a●th . rude earth .

Because * * Where , or when as . so soone as both the moysture and heate haue * * Taken . receiued r r A right mixt proportion . a temper , Then hee setteth downe the reason hereof : for that so soone as moysture and heate haue once receiued a right temper or mixture , they straight conceiue , and so of these two are all things bred . they conceiue , and all things * * Doe arise . are bred of these r r Moysture and heate . two .

* * And whereas fire is a fighter [ or aduersary ] to the water , a moyst vapour doth create all things . And although the fire bee contrarie to water , And that although fire be contrary to water yet a moyst vapour , wherein moysture and natiue heate are rightly mixed , doth breed all things , and s●ch a disagreeing concord is fit for increase of al young things . f f Heat and moysture separate , doe naturally disagree : but being mixed together rightly , they agree well , and are most apt for breeding all things . yet r r Viz. moysture & heate mixed . a moyst r r Heate or warmenesse . vapour doth breed all things , and a disagreeing concord is fit * * Create , make , or fashion . for increase .

Therefore * * For young ones , or things to be bred , or brought forth . so soon as the earth being * * Where , or when as . slimie by the late flood , Afterwards he commeth to apply th●s , to prooue the truth of the manner of the repairing of all things . waxed warme by the heauenly * * Muddy , dirtie , ●●ay●ie . * * Sunnes , viz. the continuall shining and beames therof . Sunne , and by the * * High heate , or pearcing deepe . heate from aboue , That euen in like sort so soone as the earth being all muddy and slimie by the late ouerflowing , began to waxe throughly warme by the Sun beames & heauenly influence ,

It brought forth innumerable * * Shapes . kindes , It brought forth innumerable kinds of liuing creatures . and partly r r Represented . restored again the ancient * * Figures . formes , Partly restoring againe the ancient sorts which had beene formerly ; partly r r Bred or fashioned . created new r r Misshapen things . monsters . And partly creating new monsters which had neuer been before .

It indeed * * Would not . was vnwilling [ to breed * * Them . such , ] And that , howsoeuer it was vtterly vnwilling to breed such mishapen and vgly creatures , * * But oh thou greatest serpent , it begot thee then also . but yet it bred g g Apostrophe . thee also at that time , Yet at the very same time it brought forth that huge deformed dragon , called the Python . oh thou r r By the Python is meant the abundance of pestilent vapours caused by the deluge ( as is said before ) : it hath the name of 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , putre●acio , because they were bred of the rottennesse of the earth , consumed by the beames comming from the circle of the sunne , as from a bowe , Vid. Sup. most huge h h By the Python is meant the abundance of pestilent vapours caused by the deluge ( as is said before ) : it hath the name of 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , putre●acio , because they were bred of the rottennesse of the earth , consumed by the beames comming from the circle of the sunne , as from a bowe , Vid. Sup. Python ; and [ thou ] * * Oh vnknowen serpent . serpent being vnknowen [ formerly ] wa st a terrour to the * * New . new-bred people : Which hauing been altogether vnknowen before , became a terror vnto that new-bred people , for that his body couered such a space and compasse of the mount where he lay . thou * * Heldest or occupiedst . coueredst r r So great a compass of the mount Parnassus , where thou wast formed . such a space of the mountaine .

i i Apollo was painted with a bowe and quiuer . By him war meant the Sun which destroyeth all noysome vapors with his beames , as with arrowes . * * The God holding the bowe . Apollo killed this Serpent being * * Heauie . loaden with a thousand * * Darts shafts , * * His quiuer almost drawen●out [ or spent ] viz. emptied . hauing almost spent his Now this great and mighty serpent Apollo slew , with a thousand shafts , vntill hee had almost spent his whole quiuer vpon him , although hee had neuer vsed those before , vnlesse against Bucks and Does . whole quiuer , although [ he had ] neuer vsed such like r r Darts . weapons before , except * * In [ killing ] deere . amongst r r Bucks and D●es . Deere , and swift r r Wilde Gotes . Roes ; * * His poyson being poured out through [ or by ] his blacke wounds . so that his poison was shed out [ by them ] through k k Here seemeth to bee an Hypallage , the black wounds for the blacke poyson running out of his wounds ; or else it may be properly , because poyson maketh the part which is poysoned to be blacke . black wounds . Yet hee so pierced him with these , that all his blacke and deadly poyson powred out , & so was shed by the wounds made thereby .

And lest that * * Ancientnesse or time . long continuance of time might blot out the * * Fame . famous memory r r Of this staying of this dragon . of [ this ] worke ; And lest that by tract of time , the memory of this famous victorie & happy worke should vtterly perish ;

* * Hee instituted games [ to be ] sacred in a famous contention , [ or tryall of masteries . ] He ordained sacred games with a renowned strift for masteries .

Apollo ordained sacred games to bee renowned for the strift & contention for masteries , which were to bee euer vsed therein .

And these games to bee called the Pythian games , according to the name of this monstrous Python thus ouercomne , for a perpetuall remembrance thereof .

And in these games moreouer , that whosoeuer did the best and got the mastery , at what strift or contention soe-euer in wrestling , running , or any other way , should receiue this honour to bee crowned with a crowne or garland made of the branches of the Escule●ree , in honour of Apollo .

* * Being called Pythia . Which games were called the l l Pythia were playes made in the honour of Apollo for slaying the Python . Pythian games , by the name of the r r Ouercomne , conquered or vanquished . subdued serpent .

r r In these games . Heere r r What young man or youth soeuer which-soeuer of the young men * * Had ouercomne [ or got the mastery or victory . ] ouercame by hand , or * * By feete . feet , or wheele , * * Tooke . receiued r r A crowne or garland made of the branches of the Escule tree in honour of the victory . the honour of an m m Esculus is a t●ee bearing m●st almost as big as the mast of the Oke , and hauing leaues bigger . It was so named of Esca , & so honoured because in olde time they did eate of the fruite thereof . Escule branch .

* * The Laurell tree was not yet . As yet there was no r r Bay-tree . Lawrell ,

The reason also hereof , that these garlands were made of the Escule tree , was this ,

For that as yet there was no Lawrell tree sprung vp .

And therefore Apollo compassed about the temples of his head comly with long locks , with writhen branches plucked from any kind of tree .

and [ therefore ] n n This is here fi●ly brought in to make a way to the next Metamorphosis , how Daphne was turned into a Laurell , & so to tie this fable fitly to that which goeth before . Thus is Apollo painted . o o Phoebus is an Epithet of Apollo , proper to the Sunne , siguifying pure , for the brightnesse of the sunne . * * Phoebus did compasse about or gird . Apollo did adorne r r His comely head . the temples of his head being decent with long haire , * * [ With a crowne or garland made ] of any kinde of tree . [ w th branches plucked ] from any tree .

FAB. IX .

a a This Fable sheweth the power of loue , that euen Apollo , God of wisedome was ouercomne thereby : And also the reward of chastity in chast Daphne , turned into a Laurell , alwaies greene . Of Daphne turned into a Laurell tree . The Poet intending here to set downe the power of loue , that it preuaileth with the most renoun'd , & withall the reward of chastitie , descendeth vnto this next Fable , how Apollo who had slaine the dragon , was yet ouercomn with the loue of Daphne , and how she for her chastity was turned into a Laurell . And to this end sheweth ,

* * The first loue of Phoebus [ was ] Daphne , &c. * * Peneian Daphne . b b Daphne signifieth a Laurell or Bay-tree , of 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , because when a leafe or branch of it is burned , it seemeth to send forth a voyce by cracking . DAphne c c It is fained to bee the daughter of Peneus , because the banks thereof are full of Bay-trees . the of the d d Peneus a riuer in Thessaly , running betweene Ossa and Olympus . Peneus , [ was ] the first loue of * * Phoebus . Apollo : 1. That Daphne , Peneus daughter , was the first loue of Apollo . * * Which [ loue . ] which not * * Ignorant lot , or hap , or chance , or vnskilfull fortune which hath no choice of things . Blinde fortune gaue [ vnto him ] but r r The great indignation of the God of loue . the cruell anger of e e Cupid , God of loue , sonne of Iupiter and Venus , or as some say , of Mars and Venus , à cupidine , of the carnall desire which he is said to worke . Cupid . 2. The meanes wherby hee fell in loue with her . That it was not by fortune , but through the anger of Cupid God of loue , and that vpon this occasion ;

f f Delius . ] Apollo is so called of the Iland Delos , wherein he and Diana are said to haue beene borne . Apollo being proude * * The serpent lately ouercomne , had seen this [ Cupid ] bending the hornes , [ or tips of his bowe ] the string being brought to it [ or drawen vp to it . ] of his late subduing of the serpent , That Apollo being proude of his late conquest in killing the Python , sawe this [ Cupid ] bending his g g The bowe and arrowes , and also the firebrand are attributed to Cupid , to expresse the wonderfull power of loue , because loue is more pearcing then either iron or fire ; yea , more burning , for that loue burnes a farre off , whereas fire burnes only things touching it , or neere vnto it . bowe : Seeing Cupid bend his bowe , disdainfully scoffed at him ,

* * And he had said , O wanton boy , what is to thee with these valiant weapons ? And what ( quoth he ) Calling him wanton boye , thou wanton boy hast thou to doe with these warlike weapons ? And demanding of him what hee did with those warlike weapons : * * Thes● things which thou carriest doe become , viz this bowe and arrowes . this furniture which thou bearest becomes our shoulders ; Because that kinde of furniture , would rather become his shoulders .

Who are able * * To giue sure wounds to the wilde beast , to giue wounds to the enemy . without missing to wound the wilde beasts , For that he was able not onely to smite wild beasts with them , but euen to wound the enemie . to wound also the enemy ; Which he demonstrateth by a notable instance , who lately * * Made prostrate or flewe . beat down with innumerable shafts the * * Swollon or prowd . swelling As that he had so lately beat downe with his shafts , and killed that vgly serpent , which was so huge , that he couered many acres of ground , with his belly full of poyson . Python , * * Pressing . couering so many h h An acre of ground was so much as a yoake of Oxen could well plow in a day . acres of ground with [ his ] * * Belly full of poyson . pestilent belly .

* * Be thou content . Content thou thy self to * * Prouoke [ or stir vp ] with thy firebrand . i i Irrîto , to stir vp : Irrito , to make vaine . kindle with thy k k Fax , viz. a firebrand is ascribed to Cupid , whereby the mindes of youth are inflamed with loue . brand , Thereupon Apollo aduiseth him , to content himselfe , I know not what * * Loues , viz. wanton , sory , or vnbeseeming men . l l Thus hee speaketh to Cupid in contempt . light loues , To kindle with his brand some silly loues , and not to meddle with his praises . * * Neither arrogate , claime , or challenge to thy selfe our praises . and meddle not with our praises .

* * The sonne of Venus . Cupid answered * * This [ Apollo . ] him ; But Cupid answereth him : r r Oh Apollo . Phoebus , That howsoeuer that bowe of his whereof he so gloried , was able to smite all liuing creatures ; yet his bowe was able to wound euen him being a God . * * Let thy bowe smite all things . be it so that m m Cupids bowe and shafts more pearcing then Apolloes . thy bowe * * Fastens or shootes through . smites all liuing creatures ( quoth he ) [ yet ] r r Thou canst not escape mine . my bowe shall smite thee : And therefore looke how much all liuing creatures were inferior to God , so much should Apolloes glory be vnto his . and * * By how much . how much all liuing creatures * * Doe yeeld or giue place . are inferior to God , * * Thy glorie is lesse then ours [ by so much . ] [ so much ] is r r Thy glory in shooting . thy glorie lesse then ours .

[ Thus ] hee spake , Hauing thus spoken , fluttering with his wings , hee flewe forthwith vnto the shady toppe of Parnassus mount . and * * The ayre being dashed with his wings smitten together , fluttering with his wings ,

* * [ Hee ] not flowe stood on the shadie tower . Hee stood forthwith vpon the shady top of Parnassus .

And n n Cupid is said to be armed with different shafts , viz. sharpe and blunt , golden and leady : The reason is , for that all are not affected after one manner in loue : one loues more feruently then another ; and sometimes one loues the other most vehemently , the other no whit affected , or disliking all loue , or else those especially who are so inamoured with them ; as here it fell out betweene Apollo & Daphne . drewe * * Out of his quiuer bearing shafts [ or full of shafts . ] forth of his quiuer two * * Darts . arrowes And there standing , he drew two arrowes out of his quiuer ;

Of r r Contrarre . diuers * * Workes or effects . operations : Those also of diuers qualities . * * This driueth [ or chaseth ] away , the other maketh loue . the one driueth away [ loue ] the other causeth it .

That which r r Maketh . causeth [ loue ] is r r Golden . of gold , The one of them causing loue , hauing a sharpe head , and all of gold . & * * Shineth . glittereth with a sharpe * * Poynt . head .

That which * * Driueth away loue . driueth it away , is r r Without poynt . blunt , The other abating and driuing away loue , being of Cane filled with lead , and hauing a blunt head . and hath lead r r Vnder the cane whereof that shaft is made . vnder a reed .

r r Cupid . The God fixed r r This blunt shaft . this in r r Daphne , Peneus daughter . the Nymph Peneis : This leadeu shaft hee fixed in Daphne , but * * He hurt [ or wounded ] Apolloes marrow through his bones smitten thorow with the other . hee pierced the very marrow of Apollo through his bones , But the other he shot into Apollo , pearcing his very marrow thorow his bones . with the other .

r r Apollo . The one [ of them ] * * Loues . falls in loue forthwith : So that Apollo begins forthwith to bee inflamed with loue . r r Daphne . the other flieth * * The name . the very name of a louer ; Daphne cannot endure to heare of loue , or the name of a louer .

* * Reioycing [ or delighting herselfe . ] Solacing herself in the * * Hiding places [ dens or caues ] of the woods . thick woods , But contrarily solaceth her selfe to liue in the woods ; and with the skins of wild beasts which she killed . and in the r r Cases . skinnes of the * * Taken wilde beasts . wilde beasts which she tooke , Becomming therein a follower of chast Diana liuing vnmarried . and becomes an * * Being an emulatour or follower . imitatour of r r Vnwedded [ or reioycing in perpetuall virginitie . ] vnmarried * * Phoebe . Diana ,

* * A hairelate [ or headband ] did keep in her haires , being put without lawe , viz. without any curious setting or tricking . o o Some expound it she had onely a coife vpon her head ; which seems contrary to that after Et leuis impulsos vetro dabat aurae capillos , Et Spectat inornatos collo pendere capillos . Here also is shewed how Daphne became an imitatour of Diana , that she neglected the tumming vp of her head , and despised all men . Shee had onely her head fillited vp with a ribband . Onely tyed her haire together without any other curiosity .

Many sought r r Her loue . her : So as although many suters sought her loue , yet shee despised them all . [ but ] she * * [ Was ] against [ or turned away from ] them , seeking [ or her weers . ] despised all [ her ] suters ;

[ And ] * * Impatient . being vnpatient [ to hear of mariage ] without a husband , And being male content , liuing all alone without a husband , ranging the vnwayed woods , she * * Vieweth . rangeth the vnwaied woods .

Neither * * Doth she care what Hymen , what loue , what mariages are . regards shee p p Hymen is taken both for the god of mariage , the mariage , and the bridall or wedding song , viz. vsed to bee sung at mariages . the bridal song , Neither regarded mariage nor loue . what loue , or what marriage r r Meanes . is .

Oft times [ her ] r r Peneus . father said : Although her father oft times challenged & vrged her , * * Daughter thou owest me a sonne in lawe . thou owest me a son in law [ my ] daughter .

[ Her ] father said oft times , That she ought him a sonne in lawe , and nephewes ; [ my ] daughter thou owest mee nephewes .

She hating the r r Bridall solemnities or mariage songs , viz. mariage . marriage q q

Teda is properly the middle or heart of the Pine tree , which being kindled through the fatnesse in it , burneth like a taper or torch .

The tapers vsed at mariages are put here for mariage , because as Plutarch saith , they were woont to carry fiue burning tapers before the new maried parties .

tapers as a r r Fault or blot . crime , Yet she still disliking and detesting mariage as a crime .

* * Pouring ouer her beautifull countenance ouercast with a shamefast red , viz. hauing her comely countenance ouercast with a modest blush . Synec . Blushing modestly , At length blushing modestly ,

* * And cleauing [ or hanging ] on the necke of her father with fauning armes . And foulding about [ her ] fathers neck with [ her ] r r Fauning armes are put for the armes of her , fauning . Hypallage . fauning armes , And foulding her armes about her fathers necke , Maketh this humble request vnto him :

Said , That he would grant vnto her to inioy perpetuall virginitie , * * Giue . grant mee [ my ] dearest father r r To liue a perpetuall virgin or maid . to inioy perpetual virginity : Like as Dianaes father had graunted vnto her before . * * [ Her ] father gaue this before vnto Diana , viz. Iupiter , Dianaes father . Dianas father gaue this to her before .

Whereunto her father answereth , that hee could consent ;

But that yet her beautie hindered that desire of hers .

r r Her father . He indeed * * Obeyeth or yeeldeth . consents , s s Peneus her father answereth her thus tenderly . but [ yet ] [ quoth hee ] this comelinesse [ of thine ] r r Hinders [ or denies ] thee to liue a virgin . forbids thee to bee [ that ] which thou * * Wishest . requirest , * * And thy forme doth repugne thy vowe . and thy beauty is repugnant to thy desire .

* * Phoebus loueth & desireth the marriages of Daphne , being seene . t t This is the speech and relation of Ouid. Apollo falls presently in loue with Daphne , But Apollo presently fals in loue with her so soone as euer hee seeth her , & desireth to marry her . and assoon as he seeth her hee desireth to marry her :

And what hee desireth , And as he is inamoured with her : so he hopeth and perswadeth himselfe to obtain her ; although his Oracle deceiues himselfe . he hopeth for : * * And. but yet his owne r r Predictions , or foretelling to himselfe . oracles do deceiue him .

And as the light r r Hame , or strawe . stubble * * Are burnt . is u u Adoleo is properly to burne sweet things . wholly set on fire , And heere the Poet sets out the vehemency of his loue by a double similitude . when * * The awnes or beards of the corne are taken away [ or reaped ] the x x Arista is properly the awne or beard of the eare , put for the whole eare of corne , and that for the corne in it . Metalepsis . eares are taken away .

As [ dry ] hedges burne with r r Torches or firebrands . brands which y y Trauellers in the darke nights are wont to carry torches or firebrands of some fat wood with them , to light them , which at the appearing of the day they cast out of their hands carelessely neere hedges , or wheresoeuer it happeneth . the r r Passenger or way fairing man . traueller bechance That euen as the stubble is burnt , when the corne is taken away , or as the hedges are set on fire by brands carelesly left by the traueller , towards the breaking of the day :

Either * * Moued , or carried , or layed . held too neer [ them ] , or left , now * * Vnder or about the light [ comming . ] about the breaking of the day :

So r r Apollo . the God * * Went away into flames , viz. with the loue of Daphne . is all inflamed , So was the God wholly inflamed . so * * He is burnt in his whole breast . is his whole heart set on fire , & [ thus ] he nourisheth his r r Vaine , whereof he could looke for no fruite or pleasure . barren loue with hoping [ still . ] And nourished his barren loue with increased hopes .

He * * Beholdeth . seeth her * * Not adorned , or curiously set . vntricked * * Haires . haire to hang r r About her necke , or vpon her necke . in her necke . Here also the Poet declares the meanes whereby his loue was thus kindled more and more .

And what if they * * Bee kemmed , or dressed vp , or finely set out . were trimd ? That her very haire , although vntrimmed , did exceedingly please him ; and therefore how much more would it , thought he , if it were set out . quoth he : hee seeth [ her ] eyes * * Shining or glistering with fire . glistering like the stars : So her eyes glistering like the stars , hee beholds [ her ] z z Oscula ab os , seemeth here to be taken for her little mouth ; which especially commends a virgin . * * Her lips , lips , which it was not sufficient for him to see : a a Hee expresseth the conditions of elegant louers , who thus commend all things in their loues . b b Brachia seeme to bee taken here for the vpper part of the arme from the elbow to the shoulder , as lacertus for the nether part ; though they are more vsually taken contrarily . he praiseth her fingers and her hands . And fingers , Hands ,

And also arms , Armes and wrists bare aboue the midst . and wrists being bare * * More then a middle part , or the half . aboue the midst .

* * If any things lye hid , hee thinketh [ them ] better or more excellent . What other parts are couered , And therefore hee thought those parts which were couered to be farre more comely . he thinketh more beautifull ; But shee flees away swifter then the winde . she fleeth swifter then the light winde ; Neither would shee stay , though hee called her backe by most kind and louing words , in this tender sort ; neither stayd she at these words * * Of [ Apollo ] calling her backe . of [ him ] recalling her .

r r I pray thee nymph Peneis stay . Oh nymph Peneis stay , Oh Nymph Peneis stay , I pray thee : I doe not pursue thee as being thine enemie , like as thou doest flee from me . I pray [ thee ] I do not pursue thee * * Being an enemy . [ as ] an enemy .

* * Oh nymph stay . Stay , oh Nymph : [ for ] so * * The Yewe lambe . the Lambe doth flie the Wolfe , Stay on Nymph , thou fliest from mee euen as the lambe doth flie the Wolfe ; and as the Hinde flees from the Lion . so the Hinde [ flies from ] the Lyon .

So the Pigeons flie the Eagle with [ their ] * * A trembling [ or flittering ] pen or fether . trembling wings . Or the Pigeons flie the Eagle with their trembling wings .

* * All [ liuing creatures ] fleet . Euery [ of them flie ] their enemies ; Euery one of them flying from their enemies rage : [ but ] * * Loue is the cause to mee of following [ thee . ] loue is the cause of my following of thee . But loue is the cause why I thus follow thee .

r r Alasse , how would it grieue my heart if thou shouldest fall , &c. [ Ah ] mee wretch , Then after in most louely manner pittying her simplicity and danger , still proceedeth to stay her by aduising her to take heede , [ beware ] thou fall not * * Prone or groue●ing forward . on the face , That she fell not on her face with haste , or * * That . lest the r r Bryers or pricks . thorns * * May note , or marke , or pricke . should scratch [ thy ] legs vnworthy to be hurt , Nor scratched herselfe amongst the thornes ; and so hee should bee the cause of her griefe , & I be the cause * * Of griefe [ hurt , or smart ] to thee . of thy griefe .

The places r r Where . which [ way ] thou r r Runnest . hastest are * * Sharpe or prickie . rough , For that the places whither shee so hasted from him were rough , run I pray [ thee ] more r r Leasurely , or softly . moderately , And so perswades her to run more moderately ; and hee would follow more leasurely after her . and * * Inhibite or abate . stay thy flight ; I my selfe will * * Follow after thee , or pursue thee . follow on thee more * * Moderately . leasurely . And also to bethinke herselfe well , who it was that now did seeke her loue , and to whom she might giue content .

Yet * * Inquire whome thou pleasest , or gin●st content to . take aduice , whom thou mayst please : That he was not som vplandish clowne ; * * I am not an inhabitour of the mountaine , [ or a rude fellow dwelling among the hils or crags . ] I am no vplandish man .

I am not a shepheard . Nor a fieldman tending heards or flockes . * * I doe not attend [ or keepe ] here , being slouen like [ or vnhandsome ] herds of great cattel or flockes of lesse [ as sheepe . ] I do not here clownishly tend c c Armentum was taken for a company of a cattel , as was sit to helpe some way in war 〈◊〉 the worke thereof : grex , for a company of lesse cattel , as of goats , swine , or sheepe . herds or flocks . That shee indeede knew not from whome she fled , and therefore shee fled from him . * * Oh thou rash [ maide ] thou knowest not . Thou knowest not , oh vnaduised soule , thou knowest not

Whom thou fliest , And then doth the Poet most artificially set out Apollo wooing of her , and alluring her by mentioning his power , descent , knowledge and inuentions . and * * For that cause thou fliest . therefore fliest thou [ me . ] d d Delphi , a citie and people of Boetia by Parnassus , where the Oracle of Apollo was . * * The Delphian land [ or the Citie Delphos ] is mine , [ or serueth me . ] Delphos is mine ,

And e e Claros is said to be a Citie of Lycia , dedicated to Apollo , where also was an Oracle of Apollo . Claros and f f Tenedos a citie of Lycia , or as some say of Pamphilia , vnder the protection of Apollo . Tenedos , That for his greatnesse he was Lord of Delphos , Claros , Tenedos , & * * The palace [ or kingly place ] at Patera serueth me . the court of g g Patera was also a citie of Lycia , so called of Patarus the sonne of Apollo and Lycia , where Apollo was specially worshipped , whence he is also called Pataraeus Apollo . Patera honoureth me . And the palace of Patera : Being specially worshipped in all these places .

Iupiter is [ my ] * * Progenitour or begetter . father : And for his descent , that Iupiter was his father . r r By me it s knowen . It s * * Lyeth open [ or is made manifest . ] knowen by me both what shall be , For his knowledge , that he was the God of wisedome , that by him alone , and by his Oracle were all things knowen , both past , present , and to come . & hath beene , and [ now ] is : h h Apollo is fained to be the inuentour of musicke , to commend the dignitie thereof , as being inuented by God , not by man . * * Verses agree to strings or instruments by me , viz. I am the God or inuentour of musicke , harmonie , or melodie . songs consort vnto the instruments by me . For his inuentions , that he was the God of musicke , and inuentour thereof .

i i And so of shooting , for the sunne beames so directly descending vpon the earth , and destroying all noysome vapours . Our shaft indeed is sure : So the God of artilery or shooting . but yet [ there is ] r r Viz. Cupid● dart of loue , whereby he woundeth all . one surer shaft then * * Our [ shaft , ] ours , Howsoeuer ; Cupid had one surer shaft then his , with which bee had so wounded his heart with loue . r r That wounded my heart thus with loue , which before was free from all affection thereof . which hath made [ these ] wounds in [ my ] empty breast .

k k Apollo is fained also to be inuentour of physicke , because by the power of the sunne all hearbs doe flourish , whereof is speciall vse in physick for the health of man . r r I am the God & inuentour of physick and surgerie . Physicke is my inuention ; And finally , that hee was the God of physicke ; for that physicke was his inuention . and I am called * * The bringer of helpe and ayde . the helper thorow the world : And he was counted the chiefe helper of all through the world . the power of hearbs r r Is from mee , [ or doth proceed from my gift . ] is also subiect vnto vs . That all hearbs had their vertue and power from him .

Alasse for me ! And yet he complaineth of this loue , l l Daphne , viz. the Laurell , is fained to be thus loued by Apollo , both for the speciall vse therof in physicke , and also that the Bay-trees are so pleasant for students . That loue * * Is curable , or able to bee cured by no hearbs . cannot be cured by any r r Meanes . hearbs . That it could not be cured by any hearbs , nor by all his skill .

* * Neither the arts doe profit the Master , which profit all . Nor that the arts can doe [ their ] r r Inuentour or authour . Lord any good , That those arts which were able to cure all others , could doe their Lord no good at all . which helpe all [ others . ]

But [ the Nymph ] Penels fled from * * [ Apollo ] being about to speake moe things . [ him ] as he would haue But yet notwithstanding all this speech and labour of the God , the Poet sheweth how the Nymph still fled more fearefully from him , & left him with his speech yet vnperfect , and not fully vttered . spoken more , * * With a fearefull course . m m Timido cursu . Hypallage , pro cursu timide . with a trembling pase , and left his words imperfect with himselfe .

* * And also . And then also seemed shee * * Decent . comely , And how in her flight she continually seemed more faire in his eyes . the winds * * Made naked or bare [ her ] bodies . made her body bare ,

And * * The winds meeting [ her ] shaked [ or blew ] her garments , being against them , or contrary to them . the meeting blasts did tosse her garments which were against them . For that the winds , wauing her garments as she ran , vncouered som part of her body .

* * And the light wind [ or ayre ] gaue her haires driuen behinde her [ or backewards . ] And likewise euery light puffe did blowe her haire behinde her . And euery light puffe of ayre did tosse her haire behinde her .

[ Her ] beautie * * Is. was increased by [ her ] r r Running , viz. her running made her seeme more beautifull . flight : So that her beautie still encreased by her flight . * * But for that . but because the * * Young . youthfull God r r Abides not . indures not any longer * * To lose his flatteries [ or fawning words . ] to spend his pleasing words : And how therevpon Apollo being youthfull could endure no longer so to spend his pleasing words ; and r r That . as r r Cupid himselfe . loue it selfe * * Admonished . inciteth But as his loue incited him , so he made the faster after her . [ him , ] This speed and strift of both these two Ouid setteth out by a most liuely similitude , taken from the running of the grey hound and the Hare . the followeth her steps * * His pase being sent forth [ or hastened ] viz. swiftly . with his pase more hastened .

As when the grey hound * * Hath seene . seeth the Hare in the * * Empty or open field . champain field , That euen as when the Greyhound pursueth the Hare in the champaine field , hee straines at him with all his footemanship , the Hare as fast to saue his life . and r r The dog . he * * Seekes [ or stretcheth ] at the prey with his feet [ or running . ] strains at [ his ] prey by [ his ] footmanship , * * He safety . the Hare r r Runnes for his life . [ seekes ] safetie .

r r The greyhound . The one * * Like [ to one ] as it were ready to cleane to [ the other ] viz. close to the hare , ready to gather him vp . as cleaching the other , The Greyhound as at the backe of the Hare hopes euer and anon to holde [ him ] and straines his * * Footsteps or prints of his feet . steps * * His nose being thrust forth to latch the hare betweene his teeth . with his snout thrust out . Hopes euer and anon to beare him away , Straining his steps , and thrusting out his snout to catch him .

r r The hare . The other is in * * Ambiguity doubtfulnesse . doubt , The poore Hare is alwaies in doubt whether he be catched , or no ; and yet still hardly scapes out of the Greyhounds mouth , and from betweene his teeth . whether he be catcht and * * Is snatched from the very bitings . is [ still ] deliuered out of [ his ] very teeth , and * * Leaues the touching mouthes . scapes the mouth which touched him .

* * So the God [ is ] and the virgin is . So is Apollo and the Mayde ; So was Apollo and the Nymph . r r Hee [ is ] swift in hope , viz. hoping to catch her , shee for feare of being catched . hee swift in hope , Hee swift through hope , shee for feare . And she for feare .

Yet he which r r Pursueth . followeth after being helped by the * * Pens or fethers . wings of r r Cupid . loue , Yet that Apollo was more swift . For that hee was helped forward by Cupids wings .

r r Is the swifter . Is more swift , And therefore denyed her any rest ; & r r Will not let her rest . denyeth [ her any ] rest , and * * Hangeth ouer the backe of her fleeing . hangeth euen ouer her backe , Being euer hard at her backe , as she was thus fleeing away ; And with his very breathing blowes her haires into her necke , so that shee feeles his breath . Al Al And blowes vpon her haire , being dispersed about her necke , or through her haires into her necke . . and blowes her scattered haire into her necke .

* * Her strength being spent , she waxed very pale . [ But ] when her strength was spent , Whereupon the Poet shews that her strength was cleane spent . she waxed wondrous pale : And that so she waxed wondrous pale , and being ouercomne by the r r Toile or wearisomnesse . labour of [ her ] r r Quicke or hastie course . speedy flight , And how then being vtterly ouercomne with the violence of her running , * * Beholding the Peneian waues , viz. the riuer Peneus , her father . looking to the waters of Peneus . She looked vnto her father Peneus streames ,

Oh father , Crying vnto him to helpe her , helpe , If that the riuers had any such diuine power , as to be able to succour her . quoth she , if [ ye ] r r Streames . riuers haue [ any ] r r Power of the gods to helpe . diuine power .

O earth , And after prayes vnto the earth ( sith that vpon it shee had too much pleased the fancies of others ) quoth she , wherein r r I haue ouermuch delighted others with my beauty . I haue pleased ouer much , * * Gape , viz. to swallow me vp . open [ & receiue me ] , That it would open it mouth and receiue her quicke , or at least destroy that shape of hers , which had beene the cause of her misery , by changing it into some other forme . or destroy * * This figure by changing [ it ] which maketh that I bee hurt . this shape , by changing of it , which causeth me to be hurt . That this prayer of hers was scarcely ended ,

* * [ Her ] prayer scarcely ended , or she had scarce made an end of this praier . [ This ] prayer scarcely ended , But a senselesse benummednesse fell vpon her , * * A heauie drowsinesse [ or senselessenesse ] occupieth [ or possesseth ] her ioynts or limbs , or sinewes . her ioynts waxed starke . That her ioynts waxed stiffe ;

The n n Praecordia , signifieth properly the fleshy skin called Diaphragma , or the midriffe separating the heart & lungs from the stomacke , liuer , and other bowels : quòd cordi praetendantur : but here it is taken for all the inward parts . * * Soft . tender r r Entrailes . parts about her heart , Her heart , and all her tender inward parts were compassed about with a thin rinde ; are r r Compassed about or girt in . girt about with a thin barke .

Her haires r r Are changed . [ grow forth ] into * * A leafe . leaues , Her haires were turned into leaues ; her armes growe into r r Branches . boughes . Her armes growen forth into great boughs ;

[ Her ] foote * * Euen now so swift cleaues [ or stickes ] with slowe rootes , viz. her feet were changed into roots . ere while so swift , Her feet which euen now were so swift , into roots , sticking fast in the earth . stickes [ in the earth ] with immooueable rootes :

* * Her faces [ or countenance ] haue a top . [ Her ] countenance becomes the top [ of the Laurell ] Her beautifull countenance is turned into the top of the Laurell . r r There is in it onely a fresh greene colour . one shining brightnesse remaines * * In her , or in it . therein . And one onely fresh greene colour remaining on her continually .

o o The Laurel hereupon is said to haue been dedicated to Apollo . And [ now ] p p Phoebus , an epithet of Apollo , or the Sun , and signifieth pure , because the Sun is pure from all grosnesse or corruption . Phoebus loues this [ tree : ] And hereupon Apollo loues this tree , as he did Daphne before . and laying his right hand vpon the * * Stocke . bodie of the tree , And putting his right hand vpon the body of it :

* * Hee feeles as-yet her breast to tremble vnder the new bark : viz. her heart to part or beat . He still perceiues her heart to beat vnder the new rinde : He still perceiues her heart to beate vnder the new barke .

And imbracing the branches , And imbracing the branches of it with his armes , as [ her ] * * Members or limbs . bodie , with [ his ] armes ,

* * He giueth kisses to the wood , yet the wood fled back from the kisses , [ or writhed away from them . ] He profereth kisses to the tree ; He profered to kisse the tree , but it writhed back from them , But it writhed away from him .

To whom the GOD [ thus spake ] ; And finally how the God honoured it with this gracefull speech ; But [ yet ] sith that thou canst not be my wife , That sith it could not now be his wife , which he had so much desired , it should surely bee his tree . That hee would weare it as an ornament both about his head , his harpe , and quiuer . * * Certainely thou shalt be my tree . thou shalt surely bee my tree : q q The Poet elegantly numbers vp those things which are commonly adorned with a laurell bough : as , the bush of haire , instruments and quiuers , which properly belong vnto Apollo . * * Oh ▪ Laurell tree [ our ] locke [ or bush of haire , ] [ our ] harpes , our , quiuers , shall haue thee alwaies [ as an ornament ] or thou shalt euer serue to adorne these . Oh Laurell tree , [ our ] bush of haire , [ our ] instruments , our quiuers shall r r Inioy or weare thee . haue thee euer [ for an ornament . ] And so it should alwaies serue to adorne all these .

r r The Emperours in their triumphs ware a crowne of Laurell . The souldiers vsed to follow them , singing [ triumphe ] to triumphe . * * Thou shalt be present to the ioyfull Captaines . Thou shalt bee an ornament to the ioyfull r r Emperours . Captaines , And that moreouer the conquering Emperours should euer in their triumphs weare a crowne of Laurel , when as they went vnto the Capitoll in Rome with solemne pompe , hauing all their souldiers following them , crying 〈◊〉 triumphe , Triumph , Triumph . when as the merrie voice [ of the souldiers ] shall sing the triumph , and r r The chiefe place in Rome , or the palace of the Citie of Rome . the Capitol shall see the r r Solemne sights or shews going in great length attending vpon , or following them . long pompes .

s s Before the posts which stand before the gates of the Emperours palace in Rome , was set an Oke betweene two Laurels , to signifie that the safety of the common wealth was to bee preserued by the vertue and felicity of the Emperours . The Laurell was a signe of victorie and triumph , the Oke of a Citizen preserued . Whereupon they whosoeuer had gotten any famous victorie , where carried vnto the Capitol , wearing a Laurell branch or crowne ; and he who had preserued a Citizen from the enemie , with a coronet made of Oke . Sab. Thou shalt r r Ward or watch . stand euen as a most faithfull keeper at the * * Royall posts , viz. before Augustus palace dore . Emperours posts before the dores , And also that the Laurel tree should stand as a faithfull keeper , before the posts which are set before the gates of the Emperours houses ; to wit thus , an Oke directly before the gate with a Laurell on either side . and shalt defend r r The Oke set before the Emperours posts betweene two Laurell trees . the middle Oke .

And as my head is [ euer ] youthfull with r r Vncut . vnpouled r r Haires . haire , And finally , that as his head was alwaies youthfull , with his haire vnpouled ; so it should haue this perpetuall honour , to haue the branches euer greene , with flourishing leaues .

Thou in like manner alwaies beare r r This honour , that thou shalt bee euer greene . the perpetuall honours of [ thy ] * * Leafe . leaues .

Apollo had [ thus ] ended [ his speech ] the Laurell * * Nodded vnto [ or inclined , or bowed vnto him . ] assented with [ her ] boughs so lately made , And thus Apollo hauing ended his speech , & seemed to haue * * Tossed . mooued [ her ] top euen as [ her ] head . The Laurell gaue her assent , by mouing and inclining her top , as it were , mouing her head towards him .

FINIS .