The
first
Part.
TRauailing
is
equiuocable
,
Regular
or
Irregular
.
Of
Irregular
trauelling
,
Non
voluntarie
,
Inuoluntarie
,
or
Voluntarie
.
Of
whome
foure
things
may
bee
considered
.
First
what
ought
to
be
the
moouing
causes
of
mens
trauell
.
Secondly
,
what
courses
such
as
are
iustly
mooued
must
vndertake
before
trauell
,
if
they
will
benefit
their
Countrie
,
or
themselues
.
Thirdly
,
how
they
ought
to
spend
their
times
in
the
interim
of
trauell
.
Lastly
,
what
commendable
carriages
and
behauiour
such
are
to
expresse
at
their
returnes
,
to
the
further
honour
of
themselues
,
good
of
the
State
,
and
glorie
of
God
.
The
first
of
these
according
to
the
ancient
diuision
of
Causes
hath
fowre
head
mouers
;
but
it
may
be
impertinent
to
intreat
of
aboue
two
,
There
are
only
three
iust
efficients
(
next
vnder
God
,
Non
voluntarie
or
Inuoluntarie
trauellers
,
it
shall
bee
the
more
sparingly
discoursed
of
them
;
in
regarde
the
Voluntarie
are
the
the
true
subiects
of
our
point
in
hand
.
The
Persons
,
Non
Voluntaries
duple
.
first
occasioned
to
trauell
by
the
Princes
or
States
fauour
,
are
either
men
of
peace
,
or
men
of
warre
.
Those
of
peace
are
either
honorable
or
not
,
according
to
the
circumstances
of
places
,
persons
and
times
to
whom
and
in
what
times
they
are
sent
.
The
honourable
be
either
Embassadors
,
Non
Voluntaries
.
Non
Voluntaries
not
honorable
.
Commissioners
,
or
Messengers
with
or
without
credence
.
The
not
honorable
be
Postes
and
such
like
Currers
necessarie
in
States
to
aduertise
Princes
speedily
concerning
their
mindes
,
or
such
as
goe
vnder
the
name
of
Intelligencers
.
As
concerning
the
honourable
,
though
the
prouidence
of
euerie
Prince
State
make
election
of
meete
personages
to
vndergoe
such
charge
as
is
committed
vnto
them
;
and
are
euer
well
instructed
concerning
principall
matters
and
momentall
:
yet
for
other
mens
obseruations
,
Non
Voluntaries
.
there
are
fiue
circumstances
required
of
these
principall
Trauellers
,
to
bee
considered
.
First
,
from
whom
such
are
sent
.
Secondly
,
to
whome
and
to
what
gouernement
.
Thirdly
,
what
is
their
Embassage
in
speciall
.
Fourthly
,
what
they
themselues
are
,
so
chosen
to
vndergoe
the
office
of
Embassadors
,
of
Commissioners
or
Messengers
.
And
fiftly
,
that
the
States
of
those
Countries
&
fashion
of
the
people
,
as
welfrom
whence
as
vnto
which
they
are
sent
,
be
pondered
at
the
time
of
their
legation
:
which
shal
enable
them
the
more
to
be
answerable
in
all
points
of
consequencie
;
that
the
Prince
sending
may
be
compleatly
serued
&
honored
;
that
the
State
or
Prince
,
to
whome
,
may
accordingly
admire
and
haue
the
Embassage
and
them
in
recommendation
,
that
the
Embassage
may
take
best
effect
.
And
lastly
,
that
no
reproche
chance
vnto
them
either
concerning
their
traines
or
themselues
,
but
contrariwise
commendation
&
reward
.
Moreouer
it
is
required
of
such
that
they
be
eloquent
,
As
touching
the
not
honorable
,
though
wee
might
be
also
silent
&
passe
them
ouer
for
the
reason
aforesaid
,
yet
let
these
things
be
remembred
.
These
are
sent
out
by
the
mediation
of
the
Councell
in
most
States
,
or
by
some
of
the
principall
.
Of
these
Intelligencers
it
is
required
,
There
is
an
other
kinde
of
Intelligencers
,
The
other
sort
,
Non
Voluntarie
trauellers
,
let
it
only
be
exacted
of
him
,
To
be
obedient
to
the
discipline
prescribed
vnto
him
,
to
esteeme
of
his
armes
as
the
cognisance
of
a
souldier
;
and
neuer
to
be
tainted
with
mutinie
or
murmuring
:
For
such
do
debarre
themselues
euermore
afterwarde
of
bearing
armes
,
or
of
the
reputation
of
Souldiers
,
though
such
may
pretend
great
cause
.
Of
other
things
let
it
be
sought
for
in
the
voluntarie
Trauellers
.
It
nowe
remaines
wee
touch
vpon
those
that
Inuoluntarily
are
made
Trauailers
,
2
Which
are
also
of
the
Crue
of
Inuoluntaries
:
For
,
if
there
be
an
exercise
thereof
there
,
or
a
toleration
though
in
a
priuate
sort
,
a
subiect
only
for
this
ought
not
to
trauell
nor
forsake
his
owne
Land
,
Countrie
,
parents
,
brethren
,
and
that
Church
whereof
he
is
a
member
,
for
any
other
vaine
perswasion
or
fancie
▪
Fourthly
,
if
so
be
ther
be
neither
publike
exercise
not
priuate
toleration
;
and
in
case
ther
bee
Lawes
prohibitiue
for
trauelling
,
Thirdly
,
in
case
such
be
depriued
of
maintenance
,
So
in
matters
and
affaires
of
the
ciuill
State
,
The
last
point
we
will
briefly
handle
concerning
their
offices
when
they
happily
shal
be
recalled
,
3
Before
wee
enter
into
the
listes
of
this
matter
,
The
prime
is
diuine
and
spirituall
,
Moreouer
,
seeing
it
may
be
doubted
whether
all
persons
may
be
included
vnder
the
third
ranke
of
Regular
Trauellers
:
and
also
whether
all
times
be
fitting
for
these
to
vndertake
Trauaile
:
And
lastly
,
whether
euery
age
be
congruent
with
these
:
let
vs
in
order
cleare
these
three
points
.
To
the
first
,
I
obserue
three
Opposers
:
to
wit
Nature
,
which
prohibiteth
Infants
and
decrepit
persons
,
whose
defect
of
vnderstanding
and
doting
age
pleadeth
insufficiencie
.
Imperfection
,
others
as
fooles
,
madde
men
and
furious
persons
whose
disabilities
of
minde
are
such
as
no
hope
can
be
expected
for
the
one
or
other
.
Lastly
,
the
Sex
in
most
Countries
prohibiteth
women
,
who
are
rather
for
the
house
then
the
fielde
;
and
to
remaine
at
home
,
then
trauaile
into
other
Nations
,
but
in
speciall
cases
.
As
touching
the
second
,
Touching
the
second
,
that
the
seasons
also
of
such
Countries
where
into
such
trauaile
ought
to
be
regarded
,
it
belongeth
to
euery
particular
to
make
obseruance
,
When
he
may
reape
most
profit
thereby
in
the
shortest
time
:
namely
the
souldier
when
there
are
warres
:
the
Ciuilian
or
Lawyer
,
when
great
matters
are
debated
in
Parliaments
,
Vniuersities
or
disputations
,
concerning
points
of
equitie
,
prerogatiue
,
iurisdiction
and
such
like
:
The
Diuine
,
when
any
Generall
or
Nationall
Councel
is
heald
touching
their
profession
:
The
Mechanicke
,
when
such
and
such
Artes
and
trades
doe
singularly
florish
&c.
Yet
euerie
man
so
trauailing
must
take
heede
,
how
he
goe
into
a
Countrie
that
is
iealous
of
his
Prince
,
and
subiects
;
which
chaunceth
euermore
when
Princes
are
enimies
or
when
they
haue
intestine
warres
and
factions
that
vse
any
policie
to
aduantage
their
partie
.
Now
the
third
and
last
is
,
The
Marchants
are
of
two
sorts
here
meant
,
But
those
other
knowen
Marchants
,
for
that
their
Trauailes
are
knowen
to
be
profitable
,
and
of
honest
esteeme
,
they
haue
speciall
priuiledges
which
to
no
other
voluntarie
Trauailer
chanceth
;
namely
to
passe
and
repasse
with
safe
conduct
,
themselues
and
their
substances
,
vnlesse
in
times
of
warre
,
&c.
In
regarde
whereof
they
are
tyed
vnto
these
duties
;
First
,
Lastly
,
forasmuch
as
most
of
this
kinde
of
Trauailers
are
of
singular
iudgement
and
vnderstanding
,
to
make
prudent
obseruation
of
things
beneficiall
to
the
State
:
Let
them
if
so
they
be
demanded
relate
how
things
stand
abroad
,
and
in
case
they
know
any
thing
of
moment
the
concealement
whereof
may
incommodate
the
State
,
it
is
their
duetie
to
discouer
the
same
when
they
retourne
,
with
the
greatest
secrecie
and
speed
vnto
such
as
are
knowne
to
bee
priuie
Councellers
,
and
to
none
other
.
For
,
oftentimes
passing
thorough
many
mouthes
,
the
importances
of
good
newes
and
intelligence
are
much
impaired
.
The
other
sort
of
the
Commons
,
Let
such
trauailers
first
,
hauing
libertie
to
trauaile
,
The
Nobilitie
as
was
said
were
generall
or
speciall
.
Howbeit
,
by
our
pofitiue
law
Clearkes
are
forbid
to
trauaile
,
for
this
pretence
.
For
in
case
such
may
be
satisfied
and
endoctrined
in
the
points
they
doubt
of
within
their
owne
Princes
Dominions
,
of
godly
and
learned
professors
,
I
see
not
how
their
Trauailes
can
be
lawfull
.
But
in
case
where
the
Gospel
and
truth
is
not
preached
,
I
iudge
it
a
most
happy
thing
for
any
whosoeuer
to
serch
the
word
in
other
nations
:
Ciuile
Lawyers
haue
a
lawfull
pretence
,
The
profession
of
these
voluntarie
Trauailers
is
armes
and
warrefare
,
The
first
Nauarre
and
Sauoy
are
apt
for
,
and
the
Lowe
Countries
that
bee
wasted
:
The
seconde
,
Ireland
will
furnish
men
with
:
And
,
in
the
worlde
for
the
third
,
a
man
cannot
haue
better
experience
then
in
the
Lowe
Countries
.
So
as
when
such
Trauailers
haue
gotten
experience
in
one
,
if
they
desire
perfection
,
let
them
trauaile
for
the
other
:
For
in
few
Countries
&
wars
shall
men
finde
all
.
Then
,
Moreouer
,
let
such
take
heede
,
they
neuer
offer
to
accept
of
Combate
,
By
the
word
Physician
,
is
meant
first
such
as
haue
the
lawfull
calling
;
For
,
For
,
though
we
haue
,
as
other
Countries
,
many
singular
things
to
remedie
the
decay
or
disquiets
of
nature
:
yet
seeing
the
simples
of
other
Countries
,
for
some
particular
bodies
and
griefes
,
are
more
naturall
then
many
compounds
of
our
own
,
&
the
skil
is
lesse
to
apply
them
,
why
shold
not
necessitie
make
Physicians
trauel
for
knowledge
as
the
old
wife
for
neede
.
We
see
the
artificiall
Bezar
stone
to
be
lesse
profitable
for
some
bodies
then
the
natural
;
the
fained
Sanguis
Draconis
then
the
right
which
is
brought
from
Africa
:
&
so
of
such
like
adulterous
resemblances
,
which
necessitie
,
&
mens
gains
haue
laboured
&
arted
.
In
the
Vniuersities
of
learned
men
,
that
science
,
and
store
of
bookes
of
all
things
in
the
world
for
simples
and
compoundes
according
to
their
natures
,
and
vertues
are
better
described
then
any
one
by
his
own
trauaile
can
amend
:
(
For
in
Trauaile
there
must
necessarily
bee
much
time
spent
,
and
little
practise
had
at
home
:
and
practise
is
no
doubt
the
best
thing
that
maketh
a
good
Physician
)
neuerthelesse
for
some
diseases
a
man
shall
happily
learne
more
by
trauaile
,
then
by
all
these
at
home
.
For
,
In
like
sort
must
such
obserue
the
persons
in
euerie
Countrie
,
And
lastly
to
frequent
the
most
famous
places
and
companies
of
learned
men
,
whereby
such
may
better
their
knowledge
,
&
increase
their
discourse
:
which
is
no
small
thing
,
in
a
Physician
,
to
be
well
mannered
,
ciuill
,
wittie
,
and
pleasant
,
and
of
able
disposition
to
delight
his
patients
by
discourse
.
Moreouer
,
if
such
light
vpon
simples
,
which
are
either
of
a
strange
nature
or
that
excell
ours
,
let
them
bee
carefull
to
transplant
them
;
hauing
a
care
to
the
soile
,
climate
,
and
growing
of
such
,
that
Arte
here
may
repaire
the
naturall
defect
of
the
Countrey
.
But
considering
many
,
when
they
returne
home
,
are
tainted
with
the
humor
of
most
trauailers
,
namely
selfe
conceipt
,
The
ende
of
the
first
part
.
The
second
part
.
THese
Generall
Voluntarie
Trauailers
are
of
the
temporall
Nobilitie
of
the
Land
,
Now
,
By
Iudgement
is
meant
the
vnderstanding
age
,
seeing
into
the
affaires
of
their
natiue
Countrie
:
Knowledge
,
it
is
of
the
wants
which
are
naturally
in
vs
;
the
which
are
to
be
supplyed
and
repaired
,
by
learning
and
experience
.
For
,
as
without
iudgement
men
cannot
gather
the
best
things
in
trauaile
,
From
hence
the
third
dutie
springeth
,
The
last
and
third
point
of
knowledge
is
Science
or
the
knowledge
in
naturall
and
mathematicall
Artes
:
that
is
to
say
,
an
insight
in
the
grounds
of
Astronomie
,
Astrology
,
Cosmographie
,
Geographie
,
Hydrographie
,
Geometrie
,
Arithmeticke
and
Architecture
:
all
which
whosoeuer
trauaileth
shall
employ
,
and
without
which
many
things
of
note
shall
be
foreslowen
,
and
left
vnperfectly
knowen
.
For
,
the
better
men
are
grounded
in
these
,
the
more
profite
shall
they
make
of
their
times
.
In
so
much
as
if
a
skilfull
fortifier
or
Architectist
doe
but
lay
his
eyes
vpon
the
modell
of
any
Towne
or
fortification
,
he
will
deliuer
the
true
plot
,
strength
or
weakenes
naturall
or
artificiall
that
it
containes
,
or
ghesse
verie
neere
;
the
which
an
ignorant
person
can
neuer
doo
,
but
by
chaunce
.
So
it
is
of
those
which
excell
in
Corography
or
Geographie
;
who
but
riding
poste
through
a
Countrie
will
make
a
particular
description
of
euerie
thing
seated
on
the
earth
,
in
proportion
or
neere
,
aswell
of
Townes
,
Fortes
,
Houses
,
as
of
Riuers
,
Hilles
,
Dales
,
Woddes
,
Plaines
and
Wayes
,
or
any
thing
else
that
lies
within
the
kenning
of
their
eies
,
or
by
necessarie
collection
.
And
therefore
we
finde
recorded
that
in
times
of
war
messengers
of
the
enemie
were
wont
to
be
blinded
,
when
they
approched
neere
the
fortifications
or
Campes
,
and
so
carried
backe
till
they
were
out
of
kenning
.
The
which
may
be
saide
of
the
rest
:
For
these
Artes
are
instruments
to
settle
and
fixe
in
the
memorie
obiects
that
fall
to
the
senses
,
The
fourth
duetie
is
of
Charitie
.
For
,
In
the
fift
place
it
is
required
,
France
,
Spaine
,
Germany
,
the
Lowe
Countreys
,
Burgundie
,
and
Denmarke
,
this
Realme
is
in
action
,
&
made
sensible
,
either
of
trouble
,
detriment
,
or
quiet
;
whereas
the
troubles
of
Muscouie
,
the
free
Townes
,
high
Germany
,
Italy
,
Barbary
,
the
dominions
of
the
Turke
and
Persian
,
incommodate
this
nation
little
,
but
by
diuerting
of
the
trade
of
merchants
another
way
.
But
as
touching
those
Countreys
,
which
afford
particular
gaine
of
knowledge
and
information
of
maners
and
ciuill
cariage
,
these
Trauailers
shal
find
in
euery
good
and
orderly
gouernment
thorow
Christendome
,
but
singularly
here
at
home
,
&
in
the
Courts
of
France
,
&
Vniuersities
of
Germany
,
Spaine
,
and
Burgundie
.
And
though
Italie
haue
the
common
prayse
for
these
,
yet
the
inconueniences
and
corruptions
,
that
are
mixed
with
the
ciuilitie
of
that
Countrey
,
may
other
wayes
perswade
men
of
iudgement
.
And
since
I
seeme
to
contrary
the
opinions
of
many
worthy
Gentlemen
,
let
it
not
be
impertinent
here
to
consider
some
speciall
things
concerning
that
State
.
For
,
Now
in
the
last
and
sixt
place
it
is
required
of
all
Trauailers
,
In
the
interim
of
trauaile
,
First
,
The
second
preuenter
of
inconuenience
of
health
is
trauailing
from
place
to
place
,
and
dayly
exercise
,
Gut
vneg
vnih
vnar
nie
krumb
:
and
wee
haue
a
Prouerbe
not
much
vnlike
,
The
farther
way
about
,
the
neerer
way
home
.
Thirdly
,
in
long
iourneys
to
be
prouided
of
meat
and
drinke
,
and
such
like
prouisions
.
Therefore
those
that
passe
thorow
the
deserts
of
Arabia
,
Tartarie
,
Persia
,
Scythia
,
and
the
Carouans
of
Swecia
and
Muscouie
,
make
large
prouisions
:
and
for
some
passages
,
as
in
the
sea
of
Sande
in
Africa
,
and
other
places
,
men
are
guided
by
the
Compasse
,
standing
in
need
of
Pilots
for
the
passage
.
Fourthly
,
to
make
prouision
against
the
extreamities
of
heate
and
colde
,
that
in
some
places
are
outragious
,
in
which
the
seasons
of
the
yeere
are
to
be
respected
.
Wherefore
he
that
will
trauaile
thorow
Swecia
,
and
Muscouie
on
sleddes
,
vnlesse
he
shall
rub
his
nosthrils
with
the
snowe
and
yee
,
to
recall
and
settle
his
motiue
spirits
,
he
shall
be
in
extreame
danger
to
lose
them
thorow
the
excesse
of
colde
.
And
in
the
yeere
1498
,
of
seuenty
thousand
Turkes
that
made
an
inrode
into
Muscouie
,
fourtie
thousand
suddenly
were
frozen
to
death
.
Whereupon
the
Turkes
verily
beleeue
,
that
the
Polonians
and
Muscouites
are
defenced
by
the
celestiall
powers
.
No
person
is
able
to
trauell
out
of
doores
in
the
Troglodites
land
,
without
shooes
,
the
ground
is
so
scalding
hote
:
insomuch
that
they
roste
their
meat
,
by
putting
the
same
into
a
brasse
vessell
,
and
setting
it
in
the
Sunne
.
And
in
the
kingdom
of
Naples
and
Champain
,
the
heat
is
so
great
,
and
ayre
so
pestiferous
,
during
Iune
,
Iuly
,
and
August
,
till
the
first
raine
of
September
,
that
the
better
sort
will
not
trauaile
,
though
the
King
commaund
them
,
from
home
.
Let
these
suffice
for
Trauailers
to
beware
thereof
,
vnlesse
vpon
vrgent
necessitie
,
and
with
good
respect
.
Fiftly
,
to
be
prouided
against
the
rage
of
wilde
beastes
,
and
of
robbers
,
the
which
by
good
companie
is
the
safest
way
alwayes
.
Lastly
,
to
arriue
early
at
their
Inne
or
baite
,
and
to
looke
that
the
chamber
where
such
lodge
be
well
seated
and
defended
:
to
haue
in
their
chamber
a
Tinder
boxe
to
light
fire
or
candle
;
and
finally
,
vnlesse
need
require
,
to
dissemble
departure
from
the
Inne
.
Of
this
last
,
a
man
cannot
bee
too
carefull
.
The
third
and
last
preuenter
of
sickenesse
,
per
antiperistasin
,
bodily
discords
are
tuned
and
appeased
,
so
it
is
of
the
mind
.
For
Mirth
is
a
cordiall
to
sorowfull
and
melancholicke
bodies
;
wheras
sorow
so
much
continueth
that
humor
,
as
desperatnesse
,
or
frensie
,
or
both
is
to
be
feared
.
Sorow
,
in
meane
,
maketh
sanguine
bodies
,
and
merrily
disposed
,
wise
,
&
full
of
respect
.
But
of
these
two
,
mirth
is
euermore
to
be
commended
,
so
it
be
not
ouer-light
&
vnciuil
.
So
chollerick
bodies
,
seeing
they
are
fretting
&
angry
at
light
occasions
,
let
them
cure
their
imperfections
of
nature
by
patience
:
for
such
are
otherwise
vnsociable
&
dangerous
to
be
conuersed
with
,
as
endangering
themselues
.
For
I
neuer
saw
so
cholericke
a
man
,
but
hee
hath
met
with
his
match
:
and
this
of
strangers
is
reproueable
.
So
those
of
flegmaticke
spirits
that
patience
hath
enfeebled
,
that
such
want
the
harts
of
men
,
as
ordained
to
suffer
all
things
,
though
this
be
a
ciuill
&
singular
vertue
in
Trauailers
,
yet
let
none
be
in
extreamity
so
patient
,
as
it
make
himself
a
sot
&
a
foole
,
to
heare
his
God
,
and
his
Prince
&
Country
,
and
his
honor
wronged
,
when
as
honestly
and
fitly
he
may
,
&
ought
to
make
resistance
or
apprehension
.
Finally
,
as
the
tyrannizing
of
these
,
subiect
many
to
incurable
euils
,
Now
in
the
third
place
,
Fourthly
,
But
considering
no
stranger
hath
warrant
,
at
this
day
,
Fiftly
,
The
sixt
and
last
generall
duetie
,
Of
these
sixe
the
tongue
is
the
first
by
right
to
be
discoursed
of
:
To
vnderstand
a
tongue
perfectly
,
So
,
since
,
other
Monarches
of
the
world
haue
excogitated
words
according
to
the
light
of
nature
,
and
operation
of
things
vnknowne
,
to
perfect
their
deriued
languages
by
composition
and
meere
inuention
.
Now
,
France
,
Germanie
,
England
and
other
Iles
&
Countries
fertile
by
the
proper
idiom
of
that
tong
,
as
tributary
States
to
the
same
,
especially
wher
Colonies
or
gouernments
be
established
.
Herof
it
coms
to
passe
that
our
English
tongue
hath
a
smacke
of
the
Britanish
(
which
is
a
deriuatiue
from
the
Grecian
or
Natolian
tongue
)
of
the
Latine
,
Wherof
it
may
be
concluded
,
that
euerie
language
in
his
owne
Countrey
is
most
honorable
,
and
equally
ancient
,
though
it
be
a
a
deriuatiue
,
quoad
tempus
,
but
not
quoad
perfectionem
.
Neuerthelesse
,
we
see
some
Languages
more
general
then
other
,
&
more
esteemed
here
in
Europe
,
But
to
returne
to
our
point
,
let
Trauailers
(
hauing
made
obseruance
of
these
things
,
Denmarke
,
Muscouie
,
and
such
like
confrontire
tongues
:
The
which
let
Trauailers
busie
themselues
about
,
more
then
other
tongues
,
that
for
illustration
and
contemplatiue
knowledge
,
and
learning
,
are
to
bee
respected
,
whensoeuer
it
is
requisite
.
Let
these
things
suffice
for
the
first
point
to
bee
respected
of
Trauailers
Voluntary
.
2
The
second
is
the
nature
of
the
people
of
that
Nation
,
Africa
,
America
,
Magellanica
,
and
those
of
Northeast
Europe
and
Asia
,
by
nature
barbarists
.
The
vse
of
which
obseruation
,
for
the
Common-weale
,
may
appeare
by
these
two
rules
;
First
that
ciuill
But
the
priuate
vse
that
Trauailers
must
make
to
themselues
hereby
,
It
is
not
reprehended
in
the
Scythians
,
that
cruell
nation
:
none
daring
to
drink
any
wine
,
but
such
as
the
King
shall
drinke
vnto
,
and
giue
vnto
;
which
is
commonly
to
those
onely
,
that
in
times
of
watre
haue
killed
most
of
their
enemies
,
and
shed
most
blood
.
For
amongst
them
none
are
reputed
valiant
,
but
such
as
haue
caroused
the
blood
of
men
.
Doe
not
the
Egyptians
refraine
to
eate
or
drinke
more
than
sufficeth
nature
?
and
that
for
good
cause
,
seeing
superfluitie
of
meate
breedeth
all
diseases
,
and
many
incurable
.
The
reparation
of
which
abuse
nature
teacheth
in
the
Schoole
of
brute
beastes
.
Hath
not
that
enemie
of
reason
of
those
Dutchmen
and
Tartars
infected
the
greater
number
of
our
gallants
,
and
those
of
ciuill
nations
,
since
their
conuerse
in
the
Lowe
Countreys
?
In
so
much
that
at
ordinary
assemblies
some
striue
to
be
first
and
most
drunke
:
others
are
compelled
to
the
like
,
against
nature
and
manners
,
whereof
many
bitter
incouueniences
haue
growen
:
insomuch
as
I
see
not
why
it
should
be
a
lesse
matter
for
any
that
compels
another
to
drinke
against
his
will
,
and
thereby
mscarieth
in
health
,
than
in
forcing
any
to
eate
or
drinke
poyson
.
And
it
is
knowen
,
that
vnder
the
raigne
of
heathen
Monarchs
it
was
a
law
,
at
feasts
not
to
bee
compelled
to
drinke
more
than
euery
man
pleased
.
The
Italian
,
although
in
conuersation
hee
be
not
offensiue
,
but
obedient
and
humble
to
his
superiour
,
to
his
equall
obseruant
,
to
his
inferior
gentill
and
courteous
,
amiable
to
strangers
and
swimming
in
complements
and
louing
tearmes
,
yet
the
least
occasion
dissolueth
auncient
bonds
of
loue
;
so
vnsteadie
and
inconstant
are
they
in
ciuill
offices
noe
lesse
important
then
the
other
.
As
it
fareth
with
those
that
frequent
our
Ordinaries
,
such
as
be
gamesters
,
the
least
crossing
of
whom
,
though
great
friends
and
companions
other
waies
,
looseth
the
simmond
of
frendship
compounded
in
many
places
,
and
many
yeares
,
at
an
instant
.
For
,
such
would
haue
the
world
know
,
the
ciuilitie
that
is
in
them
cannot
brooke
vnciuilitie
profered
,
without
risentiment
in
the
highest
nature
.
And
,
as
in
picking
of
quarrells
so
in
managing
them
,
I
thinke
no
nation
hath
beene
so
rude
in
generall
:
For
,
whether
cause
be
proffered
or
no
,
or
whether
it
stands
men
vpon
to
make
iust
risentiment
and
seeke
reparation
for
iniurie
,
or
indignitie
,
or
whether
such
be
in
the
right
or
wrong
,
euerie
man
according
to
his
fancie
proceedeth
,
or
as
the
stare
standes
humorous
.
What
Gothishe
barbarousnesse
possesseth
the
Italians
,
in
the
pursuite
of
their
lust
?
What
vnciuilitie
and
alluringnesse
to
lust
,
do
their
Curtizans
in
gesture
and
apparell
vse
?
And
,
though
the
Tarnassariās
(
a
people
in
habiting
the
Cost
of
Bengala
)
neuer
marrie
women
,
before
some
white
Christian
or
Mawhometan
haue
cropped
their
Virginities
,
yet
afterwardes
doe
they
carrie
themselues
so
ciuilly
that
the
least
inconstancie
bringeth
death
on
such
;
not
vnlike
to
an
olde
custome
that
the
Nobilitie
of
Scotland
vsed
in
times
past
to
leuie
the
Virginitie
of
all
such
Maides
as
held
of
their
Mannors
:
and
in
case
such
were
married
before
homage
Virgineall
done
,
to
their
Lords
they
were
subiect
to
great
fines
.
So
by
the
like
barbarous
custome
the
chiefe
sacrificing
Priest
of
Calecut
,
before
the
King
would
marrie
his
Ladie
,
was
enioyned
to
take
the
Assaie
of
the
Queene
,
and
trie
her
Virginitie
:
for
which
acte
the
king
alwayes
rewarded
him
with
an
hundred
Crownes
.
Yet
wee
see
how
detestable
that
barbarousnesse
is
amongst
other
heathen
people
,
that
death
is
thought
to
good
for
any
Adulterer
,
or
fornicator
,
or
deflowrer
of
Virgines
.
Moreouer
,
what
inconstant
luxuriousnesse
and
superfluitie
of
vnciuilitie
,
in
fashions
and
apparell
,
toucheth
the
French
;
The
which
,
except
of
vs
English
,
is
reproued
of
most
Nations
in
the
world
.
And
amongst
many
barbarousnesses
of
manners
,
how
strange
is
that
of
the
French
mens
dissimulation
to
their
verie
friends
?
The
which
is
left
also
hereditarie
from
the
Lumbards
to
the
Italians
that
haue
any
education
.
I
feare
me
,
other
Nations
trauailing
thither
will
say
that
we
beginne
to
smell
of
that
disease
.
Lastly
,
what
fencerlike
and
gladiatorious
behauiour
bemaddeth
the
Germanes
?
What
corruption
of
manne●s
generaly
reigne
in
the
Italians
?
Insomuch
that
other
lesse
accort
Countries
then
ours
haue
this
common
prouerbe
,
wherof
it
shall
suffice
to
touch
that
of
the
Germanes
;
Multi
Germani
rustici
In
Italiam
proficiscuntur
angeli
;
Redeunt
diaboli
vrbani
.
What
inconstant
countenance
,
do
these
Italians
sauor
of
?
What
arrogancie
and
insolencie
discouereth
the
Spaniard
to
his
superior
and
equall
;
what
insupporrablenesse
to
his
inferior
and
subiect
?
What
falsehoods
may
men
finde
in
the
Gelderlanders
?
whereas
Turkes
being
Heathens
are
keepers
of
promise
.
What
crueltie
and
tyrannie
do
the
Spaniards
and
Irish
discouer
to
their
enemies
?
What
pride
of
the
French
?
What
pertinacitie
generally
do
Schollers
,
Courtiers
,
and
Souldiers
discouer
?
What
inhospitalitie
do
the
Germanes
keepe
?
What
anger
and
hastinesse
of
the
Irish
?
yea
of
the
poorest
kerne
.
Thus
,
by
these
examples
,
may
a
Trauailer
suruey
the
ciuilitie
and
barbarousnesse
of
Nations
,
in
euerie
vertue
actiue
or
morall
;
Such
generally
are
the
Nobility
of
most
Christian
States
,
who
as
Libertines
are
euer
out
of
tyranny
,
before
the
Commons
.
Such
are
the
Spaniards
that
chuse
rather
to
die
than
to
be
made
slaues
.
And
such
is
the
naturall
affect
of
those
that
either
haue
enioyed
long
freedom
,
or
feele
sensibly
the
hard
yoke
of
bondage
.
In
a
word
,
in
officio
.
The
markes
of
liberty
and
freedome
of
people
are
riches
&
ease
;
both
peculiar
to
the
Grecians
and
English
;
the
Germanes
abound
in
ease
:
the
Venetians
procure
their
liberty
by
their
riches
.
These
things
concerning
the
freenesse
of
people
.
The
like
in
effect
be
considered
of
those
people
which
are
seruile
;
namely
,
Now
the
markes
of
seruile
people
are
hereby
gathered
,
It
now
remaines
to
shew
what
vse
a
Trauailer
shall
make
hereby
.
First
,
The
third
thing
that
discouereth
the
nature
of
the
people
is
for
our
Trauailer
to
consider
,
And
hence
no
doubt
at
the
first
sprang
our
custome
heere
in
England
,
of
standing
on
our
feete
and
rising
vp
,
when
the
Articles
of
our
faith
either
are
a
reading
,
or
during
the
reading
of
the
Gospell
;
thereby
expressing
that
by
this
wee
will
stand
and
abide
against
the
world
and
other
like
ceremonies
,
which
superstition
I
feare
hath
corrupted
.
Heereupon
,
are
the
Saxons
noted
to
bee
verie
deuout
,
but
withall
opinionatiue
.
So
are
the
Bohemians
deuout
and
zealous
withall
.
Moreouer
,
The
verie
like
may
a
Trauailer
consider
of
the
people
,
which
be
profane
:
such
as
the
Epicures
and
Temporizers
are
that
florish
singularly
in
Italie
.
And
according
as
it
hath
beene
reported
of
the
Normans
in
times
past
,
that
they
cared
little
for
any
of
Gods
seruice
:
So
,
the
Romanes
profanenesse
,
and
contempt
of
vertue
euerie
Nation
is
full
of
;
Like
as
it
hath
beene
spoken
of
the
Cicilians
,
that
they
regard
no
man
whilest
they
themselues
are
in
prosperitie
.
Thus
a
Trauailer
may
referre
vnto
his
proper
head
the
nature
of
the
people
concerning
religiousnesse
or
profanenesse
,
the
which
may
in
generalitie
and
in
particular
stand
him
in
much
stead
.
Moreouer
,
I
suppose
it
also
very
needfull
for
a
Trauailer
,
Lastly
,
do
not
all
men
see
heere
in
England
,
in
Scotland
,
in
France
,
in
Italie
,
Spaine
,
and
Germanie
,
that
these
things
do
alter
the
people
from
warlikenesse
to
effeminatenes
:
and
contrariwise
good
&
long
discipline
are
meanes
to
recouer
their
ancient
glorie
?
whereby
a
Trauailer
shall
not
only
discouer
the
present
estate
of
things
,
but
be
able
with
the
politician
to
diuine
into
what
chaunces
such
people
may
fall
.
The
fift
and
last
discouerer
of
the
nature
now
remaineth
,
As
touching
the
condition
of
bodie
,
The
second
Censure
is
the
diet
of
men
.
Diet
,
The
apparell
reuealeth
like
affections
;
which
consisteth
either
in
the
fashion
,
The
last
Censurer
is
the
Conuersation
of
men
,
Of
the
Countrey
there
is
a
sixefold
consideration
:
The
naturall
commodities
are
foure
:
namely
,
Touching
the
first
,
Touching
the
second
,
The
third
naturall
commodities
of
a
countrey
are
the
plentie
of
Riuers
and
Ports
:
Theodorus
Zuingerus
mentioneth
,
that
for
certaine
dayes
after
it
will
not
rise
at
all
.
Sixtly
,
in
their
effects
,
as
that
fountaine
of
Salmac
in
the
countrey
of
Caria
;
which
,
as
Strabo
writeth
,
maketh
men
effeminate
&
lither
.
That
of
Aphrodisium
in
Pyrrhea
,
that
causeth
barrennesse
,
as
Plinie
noteth
,
and
such
like
.
And
lastly
,
what
commoditie
either
of
them
yeelde
vnto
the
Countrey
,
the
which
chiefly
is
to
be
considered
,
of
those
nauigable
Lakes
that
lie
in
the
heart
of
the
Land
.
Hitherto
concerning
the
naturall
:
Ireland
,
Muscouie
&
other
places
,
it
is
a
note
of
pouerty
&
barbarousnes
.
Secondly
,
what
manner
of
buildings
are
those
of
Towns
&
Cities
,
&
of
the
nobler
sort
of
people
:
for
these
euermore
draw
neerest
to
ciuility
,
and
be
freest
from
pouerty
.
Lastly
,
what
is
the
Architecturie
of
Forts
,
Townes
,
Sconces
,
Cittadels
,
Castles
,
Towers
,
and
of
places
fortified
in
the
land
,
about
the
discouery
whereof
a
trauailer
shall
finde
much
vse
of
his
Mathematickes
,
learned
before
trauaile
.
But
before
wee
make
discouery
of
places
fortified
,
let
it
not
bee
impertinent
to
consider
seuen
points
briefly
in
Cities
or
Townes
:
as
first
of
the
Quantities
,
Rotunds
,
Quadrats
,
Pentagonons
,
Hexagonons
,
&c.
according
to
the
quantity
of
the
Fort
,
euery
part
answering
in
correspondencie
.
The
irregular
retain
those
formes
which
most
naturally
may
helpe
the
weaknes
of
the
place
,
yet
answerable
one
to
another
,
according
to
the
rules
of
fortifications
:
wherof
we
had
a
notable
piece
of
work
for
example
,
in
that
in
Ostend
in
Flanders
.
And
for
better
iudgement
herein
,
let
it
not
be
grieuous
to
any
Trauailer
,
if
so
he
happen
into
the
warres
,
to
obserue
the
notable
means
is
taken
in
the
field
by
good
Souldiers
for
the
fortifying
of
their
Campes
daily
after
this
irregular
distribution
.
Now
the
last
of
these
3
,
that
prie
into
the
fortifications
of
Countries
,
is
to
vnderstand
what
Captains
&
souldiers
ordinarily
belong
to
them
;
their
munitions
,
their
paies
,
&
finally
their
ordinances
&
priuiledges
.
Let
these
things
suffice
for
the
first
of
the
artifical
commodities
of
the
Country
.
The
second
is
that
of
Trades
,
Husbandry
,
Clothing
,
Masonry
,
Carpentry
,
Smithery
,
&
Engining
:
these
are
generall
heads
,
whereunto
all
other
trades
of
necessary
obseruation
may
be
referred
,
that
accommodate
a
Land
.
Let
vs
take
Husbandry
for
an
example
,
vnder
which
is
comprised
the
sciences
of
gardening
,
of
planting
and
grafting
,
of
manuring
,
of
grasing
,
of
breeding
and
cherishing
of
Vegetables
,
Plants
,
beasts
,
and
such
like
fostering
sciences
,
for
the
nourishment
of
the
creatures
,
but
singularly
of
man
:
Vpon
which
also
other
infinite
trades
depend
,
wherof
we
will
omit
to
speake
.
Touching
the
second
Mechanicall
trade
,
So
the
third
,
Only
for
discouerie
let
this
be
added
,
that
whatsoeuer
by
naturall
conclusions
and
(
as
wee
say
)
by
sleight
,
with
small
adoe
effecteth
great
things
(
as
to
moue
bodies
contrarie
to
nature
violently
,
and
swiftly
;
to
make
powerfull
any
weake
thing
,
and
to
discouer
things
vnto
the
senses
afar
off
out
of
their
kenning
,
or
to
penetrate
any
thing
resistable
)
may
be
contained
vnder
the
arte
or
science
of
Engining
.
Hitherto
concerning
the
commodities
of
the
Countrie
:
The
Discommodities
now
may
easily
be
ex
opposito
collected
from
the
former
,
è
conuerso
.
In
like
sort
may
it
be
saide
forvictuals
:
Only
let
a
Trauailer
make
obseruation
what
liuing
Creatures
hee
shall
finde
that
cannot
liue
or
bee
found
in
the
Countrie
:
As
our
Theodore
Zuingerus
reporteth
of
Africk
that
neuer
Hart
or
wilde
Boare
was
found
there
.
And
Plinie
mentioneth
that
in
Arabia
no
Swine
liueth
.
So
in
the
Ilands
of
Nea
there
are
bred
no
Patridges
,
nor
being
thither
brought
will
liue
.
So
some
report
of
Ireland
,
that
in
it
liueth
no
venemous
beast
;
for
the
Climate
worketh
all
vpon
the
people
;
a
strange
Constellation
,
for
want
of
of
good
Religion
.
Let
these
things
suffice
touching
the
3
generall
points
of
knowledge
respecting
the
Countrie
.
Law
of
GOD
,
Law
of
NATVRE
,
and
into
the
Humane
or
Lawe
of
Men.
Touching
the
law
of
God
,
wee
obserue
the
same
either
written
or
not
written
.
But
touching
the
Law
of
Nature
,
Moreouer
,
this
law
is
not
equally
or
so
effectually
planted
in
the
hearts
of
all
men
alike
,
but
in
some
more
plentifully
then
in
others
,
according
to
the
secret
and
wonderfull
dispensation
of
the
good
pleasure
of
God
in
the
gouernement
of
the
world
:
From
whence
there
ariseth
such
strange
worshipping
of
God
amongst
the
Heathen
,
almost
euerie
Nation
in
a
variable
sorte
.
Thus
wee
may
see
furthermore
,
that
the
law
of
Nature
and
of
Nations
strictly
and
in
the
proper
sense
taken
may
well
bee
confounded
,
for
one
and
the
same
,
concerning
actions
:
though
after
the
common
sense
they
are
distinguishable
.
Lastly
,
to
note
amongst
heathen
people
,
what
order
in
buying
,
and
selling
,
exchanging
,
lending
,
borrowing
,
mortgaging
,
pawning
and
keeping
of
societie
.
For
,
happily
from
thence
hee
shall
descrie
a
more
equall
carriage
and
behauiour
in
them
by
the
law
of
Nature
only
guided
,
then
many
of
our
Ciuile
States
do
by
all
their
meanes
of
knowledge
in
the
laws
of
God
,
Lawes
Humane
.
Those
are
called
the
Lawes
Humane
,
which
from
the
capacities
of
men
are
conceited
&
by
men
are
promulgated
and
authorised
:
whether
they
depend
vppon
the
Law
of
God
and
of
Nature
,
Lawes
humane
,
is
meant
in
this
place
the
written
positiue
and
politicall
Lawes
:
For
in
substance
they
are
all
one
and
conuertible
,
yea
and
for
the
profitte
of
each
Nation
commutable
,
so
as
they
neuer
contrarie
the
lawes
diuine
or
naturall
.
By
reason
whereof
we
finde
that
some
honest
lawes
in
qualitie
differ
,
either
in
punishing
,
or
rewarding
,
or
in
inciting
to
that
which
is
good
,
or
restraining
from
that
which
is
euill
:
the
which
is
meerely
a
politicall
promulgation
consonant
to
some
States
for
a
season
,
and
verie
needefull
in
speciall
cases
.
Neuerthelesse
there
bee
many
verie
pertinax
in
this
opinion
,
that
Though
a
State
shall
inflict
for
good
causes
a
greater
punishment
on
malefactors
for
such
and
such
crimes
,
then
the
lawes
of
God
or
of
Nature
doo
,
yet
they
are
ignorant
by
what
warrant
of
like
policie
,
any
State
may
abbridge
the
rigor
of
the
law
of
God
in
capitall
offenses
.
For
such
lawes
say
they
are
both
iudiciall
and
eternal
,
by
which
policie
no
doubt
States
may
bee
best
gouerned
:
for
proofe
whereof
the
abbridgers
(
say
they
)
of
such
laws
are
,
by
the
heathen
people
that
haue
not
the
written
law
of
God
,
conuinced
&
taught
how
to
rule
in
like
cases
.
Of
humane
and
positiue
lawes
there
is
a
variable
consideration
,
These
kinde
of
Lawes
be
for
the
most
part
vnwritten
;
and
therefore
require
the
more
care
to
be
searched
out
and
into
,
for
their
vncertaintie
.
Moreouer
,
let
Trauailers
obserue
how
farre
the
prerogatiue
of
Princes
and
States
doth
stretch
ouer
their
Subiects
.
For
,
there
are
some
so
absolute
and
sole
tyrannous
,
that
all
things
are
gouerned
according
to
the
will
of
the
Prince
:
and
euerie
commoditie
of
the
Countrie
stands
at
the
Princes
pleasure
.
Such
is
the
Tartarian
and
great
Cam.
Others
there
are
halfe
tyrannous
,
whose
displeasure
and
will
hath
no
law
to
curbe
the
vnrulinesse
thereof
:
such
is
the
Turke
,
the
Muscouian
,
and
the
Pope
.
Others
there
are
,
according
as
they
are
,
religious
and
fearers
of
the
true
God
,
and
Princes
of
ciuile
and
religious
States
,
whose
prerogatiue
is
much
,
but
yet
in
ciuile
and
honest
actions
:
being
free
themselues
from
punishment
of
their
lawes
in
some
sorte
;
and
may
from
time
to
time
dispense
with
and
chaunge
their
lawes
,
constituting
new
as
is
expedient
for
the
good
of
the
Common-weale
.
Neuerthelesse
,
some
there
are
that
haue
,
of
these
also
,
greater
prerogatiue
then
others
,
according
to
their
gouernment
and
state
of
policie
.
For
better
discouerie
,
the
law
prerogatiue
is
to
be
searched
either
in
the
person
of
the
Prince
,
The
prerogatiue
of
the
Magistracie
may
be
discerned
as
in
our
Countrie
,
in
the
high
Court
of
Parliament
,
in
the
authoritie
of
the
Councell
,
in
that
of
the
Starre
Chamber
,
in
the
Lord
Chancellor
,
Lorde
Treasurer
,
Lord
high
Counstable
,
Lord
Mareschall
,
Lord
Admirall
▪
in
the
principal
Secretarie
,
in
the
chiefe
Iustices
and
iudges
of
the
Land
,
in
each
Maior
and
Towne
Corporate
,
and
lastly
in
euerie
high
Commissioner
and
speciall
Officer
that
the
Prince
of
this
Land
deputeth
to
vndergoe
any
charge
at
home
or
abroad
.
So
is
it
in
all
other
States
and
Countries
.
The
which
being
considered
by
Trauailers
,
they
shal
be
able
to
discerne
the
authoritie
royall
of
the
Prince
and
State
,
as
well
in
Politicall
as
in
Ecclesiasticall
giuing
&
making
of
Lawes
.
Touching
the
lawes
Positiue
,
they
bee
either
Political
or
Ecclesiastical
.
Customes
,
they
are
certaine
vses
of
the
Prince
,
State
,
The
Particular
Customes
concerne
the
members
of
the
State
,
Maximus
bellator
&
professor
Romanae
Catholicae
ecclesiae
:
And
as
our
Souereigne
King
of
Great
Britaine
,
by
like
custome
now
,
and
with
better
title
,
may
most
rightfully
challenge
to
be
the
greatest
and
sincerest
Defender
of
the
faith
of
Christ
thorow
the
world
;
euen
so
was
it
a
title
in
those
dayes
when
it
was
reassumed
and
acknowledged
of
his
Ancestor
of
proper
attribution
(
though
the
Pope
had
another
slie
and
slouenly
meaning
and
fetch
of
policie
,
5
The
Gouernment
hath
a
twofold
managing
therof
:
Great
Britaine
.
The
Aristocraticall
is
when
as
the
lesser
part
of
the
people
,
or
of
the
Nobilitie
haue
the
Souereigntie
in
body
,
giuing
lawes
to
the
rest
of
people
in
generall
and
particular
,
as
the
Seigniorie
of
Venice
,
and
the
State
of
the
vnited
Prouinces
in
the
Lowe
Countreys
.
And
the
Democraticall
or
popular
Estate
:
which
is
when
as
the
whole
people
,
or
greater
part
thereof
in
bodie
,
hath
the
Souereigne
authoritie
.
Which
had
neede
to
bee
well
considered
of
Trauailers
,
by
so
much
the
more
as
they
see
great
learned
men
confounded
or
deceiued
in
the
iudgements
of
them
.
For
,
neither
the
qualities
of
persons
can
change
the
nature
or
number
of
them
;
nor
can
there
bee
any
mixt
State
of
forme
and
continuance
,
but
either
by
Graunt
,
Permission
,
Communication
,
Association
,
or
Assignation
of
the
Souereigne
power
,
to
the
members
subiect
.
But
lest
Trauailers
might
be
misseled
by
the
opinions
of
others
,
let
them
obserue
diligently
,
in
what
persons
and
in
which
of
these
,
those
foure
markes
of
Souereigntie
(
before
spoken
of
in
the
Customes
of
the
Countrey
)
doe
reigne
;
which
here
for
breuitie
I
omit
,
especially
the
ordering
of
officers
,
the
decreeing
of
peace
and
warre
,
and
taking
of
Appeales
.
But
for
the
publishing
of
lawes
,
the
most
ciuill
States
for
the
better
securitie
of
them
,
and
content
of
the
people
are
euer
assisted
in
Monarchies
with
the
three
Estates
.
And
in
some
States
also
for
the
better
dispatch
of
things
,
many
of
the
other
three
markes
are
committed
,
but
yet
restrictiuely
,
and
vnder
controulement
.
Wherefore
let
Trauailers
consider
now
these
things
aright
,
and
proue
the
censures
of
other
men
,
by
those
markes
of
Souereigntie
which
inuest
the
formes
with
supreme
power
.
Moreouer
,
in
the
second
place
let
Trauailers
note
,
what
principall
officers
are
in
the
commitment
ordained
to
helpe
the
motion
and
gouernment
of
the
helme
of
the
State
.
And
lastly
,
how
farre
their
seuerall
offices
doe
extend
.
For
the
better
insight
into
which
,
there
may
bee
gathered
a
triple
consideration
of
officers
,
namely
;
first
,
such
as
stand
by
ancient
right
and
Custome
,
as
those
which
we
cal
Officers
at
the
Common
Lawe
:
Secondly
,
such
as
haue
their
authoritie
by
Commission
,
and
that
from
the
prerogatiues
of
the
Prince
or
State
Souereigne
:
Lastly
,
such
as
are
ordained
by
the
positiue
lawes
of
the
land
to
vndergo
any
businesse
for
the
good
of
the
Common-weale
.
Finally
,
let
Trauailers
be
carefull
to
obserue
the
maner
and
order
of
making
&
publishing
of
lawes
there
vsed
;
the
course
of
entertaining
warres
;
the
ordinarie
policie
vsed
in
time
of
peace
,
concerning
preparation
for
warres
defensiue
and
offensiue
;
the
common
course
of
proceeding
in
iustice
and
iudgement
,
the
places
,
and
times
,
and
ministers
;
the
fashion
of
punishing
&
rewarding
of
all
sorts
of
people
acording
to
their
deserts
,
and
such
like
appurtenances
&
appendices
of
the
gouernment
.
Let
these
suffice
for
the
persons
gouerning
.
The
People
gouerned
,
wee
cast
into
sixe
moulds
,
And
as
concerning
Stipendarie
Souldiers
(
if
the
State
afford
any
)
let
it
be
considered
,
how
they
are
disciplined
,
and
by
whom
,
their
number
,
their
priuiledges
,
and
lastly
their
entertainment
.
Now
,
First
,
in
the
goodnesse
or
illnesse
of
the
Countries
laws
,
and
customes
.
Secondly
,
in
the
accidents
that
moue
the
soueraigne
Power
,
for
the
present
standing
of
things
,
to
constitute
and
decree
timely
,
and
broche
such
policies
as
may
encounter
cure
and
remoue
any
disease
,
surfaite
or
distemperature
growen
,
or
growing
in
the
bodie
politick
,
till
by
a
law
those
inconueniences
may
be
preuented
.
The
contrarie
will
chaunce
where
such
defect
reigneth
.
Lastly
,
in
the
due
execution
of
such
lawes
as
are
enacted
and
in
force
:
the
which
vnite
or
disioyne
the
bodie
,
most
firmely
,
or
in
piecemeales
;
so
as
there
cannot
but
arise
from
the
one
a
sweet
and
tuneable
harmonie
of
gouernment
,
and
from
the
other
all
iarres
and
discordes
:
the
which
shall
minister
to
Trauailers
plentie
of
matter
to
plot
policies
vpon
.
Thus
much
of
the
policies
.
The
sixt
and
last
point
of
knowledge
now
remaineth
:
The
Secrets
are
those
things
which
are
neither
noted
nor
learned
of
the
vulgar
sort
of
people
:
they
are
notwithstanding
common
and
accidentall
,
the
which
doe
oft
change
one
into
another
.
The
Common
Secretes
conuerso
be
displaied
.
For
,
contractes
of
peace
and
entercourse
of
commodities
may
be
betweene
any
Nations
,
since
the
partition
wall
is
broken
down
;
it
being
a
rule
of
charity
for
one
State
now
to
entertain
&
relieue
another
,
with
such
commodities
as
the
one
either
standeth
in
neede
of
,
or
excelleth
the
other
in
.
Neuerthelesse
,
in
leagues
,
alliances
and
confederacies
,
for
war
,
it
standeth
otherwise
twixt
Christian
and
Pagan
Princes
.
That
other
sort
of
friends
are
the
profitable
,
who
for
the
politicall
defence
and
offence
are
collegued
and
allianced
or
confederated
with
,
either
to
be
relieued
for
iniurie
and
wrong
receiued
,
or
to
be
defended
against
oppression
and
violence
,
or
in
policie
only
for
feare
of
sensiblenesse
and
feare
of
the
worst
.
Moreouer
,
it
is
not
sufficient
for
a
Trauailer
to
note
thus
,
who
be
pleasurable
&
profitable
friends
to
that
Countrie
wherein
he
trauaileth
,
but
to
weighe
also
by
all
meanes
the
power
and
strength
or
weakenesse
of
those
friends
,
The
third
may
bee
noted
in
the
commodities
of
those
friends
to
aide
and
succour
that
State
in
cases
of
necessitie
,
with
victuall
,
munition
,
Armes
,
horses
,
shipping
and
money
;
which
are
the
arteries
,
veines
,
sinews
and
muscles
of
bodies
politicke
,
in
forreine
troubles
.
Of
which
this
secret
riseth
;
That
such
friendes
so
well
furnished
must
euermore
bee
well
and
euenly
dealt
with
:
considering
they
are
daungerous
enemies
or
neuters
;
the
rather
in
regard
,
before
a
State
can
be
sensible
of
their
enimitie
,
they
can
suddainly
offend
.
Neuerthelesse
,
let
Trauailers
in
this
point
consider
what
care
those
States
take
,
to
reteine
from
trafficke
,
munition
offensiue
:
For
it
is
a
weaknesse
and
danger
to
tolerate
the
trafficke
of
munition
offensiue
,
to
friend
or
neurer
,
the
which
in
time
may
beard
ones
selfe
,
and
speake
terrour
in
the
eares
of
the
first
owners
.
The
fourth
and
last
concerning
the
strength
of
friendes
remaineth
:
that
Trauailers
prie
into
the
reuolution
of
those
States
in
three
things
:
as
,
in
the
Religion
of
those
States
;
in
their
Warlikenesse
;
and
in
their
Freedome
.
Touching
the
warlikenesse
of
friends
,
that
may
be
considered
either
in
their
good
discipline
at
home
,
Lastly
,
concerning
the
freedome
of
friends
,
there
is
a
diuers
standing
:
namely
,
England
,
Moscouy
,
Turkie
,
Persia
,
&
Tartaria
,
and
that
of
Prester
Iean
,
who
of
the
rest
vanteth
,
that
his
Nation
was
neuer
conquered
;
or
acknowledged
any
other
forreine
Prince
.
Those
that
improperly
are
free
,
are
such
States
as
either
acknowledge
other
superiour
,
or
equall
Lord
or
Lords
,
in
Ecclesiasticall
or
Temporall
matters
,
than
God
,
&
their
politicall
Lord
or
Lords
,
or
are
tributary
or
homagiall
in
any
respect
to
forreine
powers
.
Such
in
the
first
sense
at
this
day
are
France
,
Spaine
,
the
Empire
,
Italy
,
Denmarke
,
and
all
those
States
that
hold
of
the
Pope
or
Emperour
.
So
,
such
of
the
second
clause
are
those
States
thorow
the
world
,
that
pay
and
yeeld
a
certain
taxe
,
homage
,
or
tribute
,
for
acknowledging
and
respecting
their
subiection
.
Hence
it
may
bee
inferred
,
that
those
friends
can
doe
a
State
little
profit
,
that
are
in
distresse
themselues
,
as
ingaged
with
intestine
,
&
ciuil
distemperatures
;
or
afflicted
by
an
equal
or
greater
enemie
,
as
iealous
of
some
great
and
imminent
danger
themselues
:
or
that
be
not
well
disciplined
,
or
not
at
libertie
to
dispose
of
themselues
without
those
States
to
whom
they
are
subiect
:
or
in
case
any
of
their
possessions
bee
in
question
,
as
belonging
to
an
other
equall
or
greater
Power
.
All
which
,
in
a
word
,
may
Trauailers
confirme
to
themselues
,
in
those
States
ouer
which
the
Pope
hath
any
stroke
;
who
arrogating
a
power
to
disioyne
the
members
from
the
head
,
and
to
set
the
Subiects
against
their
Prince
,
can
also
make
debate
twixt
Prince
and
Prince
,
State
and
State
.
Thus
much
of
the
first
poynt
of
forreine
friends
,
&c.
to
the
Countrey
,
into
which
men
trauaile
.
Now
touching
the
second
,
Touching
the
first
of
these
,
Moreouer
,
that
may
not
be
ouerslipped
,
Whether
the
the
Princes
or
States
where
men
trauaile
,
are
enforced
vppon
important
accidentes
to
take
vp
money
by
imprestes
and
borrowinges
,
or
by
mortgages
or
at
interest
.
For
,
as
amongst
priuate
persons
,
so
in
publike
States
more
sodainely
there
groweth
a
great
defect
,
and
bankeruptnesse
,
which
is
subiect
to
daungers
.
Now
,
as
touching
the
maine
secret
of
employing
the
treasure
and
reuenewe
of
the
State
in
the
second
place
wee
finde
sixe
honorable
causes
to
dispend
the
same
(
out
of
which
a
Trauailer
may
cull
seuerall
secrets
:
as
the
good
and
orderly
gouernement
,
Secondly
,
Thirdly
,
Fourthly
,
Fiftly
,
The
last
point
of
this
common
secreat
,
is
to
note
what
ordinarie
and
extraordinarie
treasure
is
euermore
reserued
in
the
State
.
And
as
it
is
a
daungerous
thing
in
times
of
warre
and
troubles
to
vndertake
businesse
vppon
borrowings
or
vsurie
,
vnlesse
in
speciall
cases
;
so
also
it
is
perilous
to
assemble
a
greater
treasure
,
then
is
meete
:
for
that
causeth
subiectes
oft
to
murmur
if
the
same
come
from
them
,
or
inuiteth
other
States
to
picke
quarrelles
to
be
nibbling
therewith
.
Lastly
,
whether
there
be
such
niggardlinesse
of
the
Prince
seeking
to
spare
treasure
,
as
hee
diminish
much
the
dignitie
of
his
household
and
also
the
Maiestie
of
his
person
.
Whereof
wee
read
,
that
King
Lewis
the
Eleuenth
of
France
(
whome
Philip
de
Comines
so
much
extolleth
)
so
farre
diminished
his
houshold
as
hee
forbad
his
Nobles
to
followe
him
in
Court
(
at
the
least
at
their
owne
charges
)
as
that
hee
was
faine
to
employ
his
Taylor
for
his
Heralde
at
Armes
,
his
Barbar
for
an
Ambassadour
,
and
his
Physician
for
Chauncellor
.
And
for
his
person
,
hee
was
so
respectlesse
,
as
hee
continually
ware
an
olde
course
cloth
Cappe
,
and
leauing
a
recorde
for
buying
a
paire
of
meane
sleeues
to
an
olde
plaine
doublet
of
his
.
And
also
in
his
accomptes
was
obserued
to
pay
xv
.
pence
for
so
much
dripping
to
grease
his
bootes
.
Thus
much
concerning
the
common
Secreats
.
Quaere
tamen
si
sit
frugalitatis
causa
,
&
propter
Reip.
bonum
.
The
Accidentall
follow
;
which
are
such
as
chance
daiely
in
or
without
a
State
,
Thirdly
,
Concerning
the
persons
gouerned
,
Fourthly
,
how
the
people
stand
affected
in
rumors
of
warre
,
&
like
accidents
.
Fiftly
,
who
are
the
persons
in
greatest
fauor
and
estimation
amongst
the
people
,
besides
the
Prince
.
Lastly
,
whether
the
Nobilitie
contemne
not
the
Commons
and
Citizens
,
and
whether
the
Commons
hate
and
enuie
not
the
Nobles
in
outward
shew
;
the
which
breedeth
a
great
thirst
after
alteration
,
either
of
religion
or
of
policie
:
the
one
springing
from
zeale
,
the
other
from
malcontednesse
and
factiousnesse
.
The
Instruments
follow
,
It
now
remaineth
to
handle
briefly
,
the
behauiour
of
our
Trauailer
when
he
shall
returne
home
,
to
liue
afterwards
wel
contented
&
happily
:
the
which
we
see
fewe
do
.
But
afore
wee
can
obserue
the
offices
he
must
vnder
goe
,
when
he
commeth
home
;
there
are
certain
points
,
of
him
to
be
performed
before
,
to
fit
himself
against
his
returne
,
if
so
be
he
expect
speciall
grace
and
preferment
afterwards
:
which
,
being
an
honorable
colour
&
spurre
of
vertue
,
may
neither
bee
neglected
of
Trauailers
nor
indecided
of
vs
.
These
rest
chiefly
in
two
points
.
First
,
Wherein
,
let
Trauailers
bee
prouident
to
whom
they
giue
aduertisement
:
For
,
otherwise
their
labour
may
bee
lost
,
or
crost
with
ingratitude
and
vnthankefulnesse
.
Neither
,
is
it
necessarie
that
such
a
Councellor
should
take
knowledge
of
them
before
their
Trauaile
:
for
this
action
will
be
get
acquaintance
,
and
tie
that
Councellor
afterwards
to
yeelde
such
an
one
due
respect
.
Neither
is
it
conuenient
for
Trauailers
to
aduertise
any
other
whatsoeuer
of
those
matters
they
send
to
a
Councellor
,
nor
to
aduertise
many
Councellors
of
things
:
the
one
arguing
lightnesse
,
the
other
hazardeth
the
respect
of
those
Councellors
:
vnlesse
it
be
apparant
,
that
the
Trauailer
is
many
wayes
tied
to
those
Councellors
,
in
their
owne
knowledge
.
Wherein
also
,
hauing
occasion
to
write
of
diuerse
matters
,
let
him
diuide
those
matters
amongst
them
with
discretion
.
Moreouer
,
let
our
Trauailer
take
heede
to
aduertise
an
vntruth
for
certaintie
:
but
as
touching
reportes
and
rumors
,
let
him
handle
them
discreetly
;
and
touching
diuinings
,
probabilities
and
consequences
,
let
them
be
sparingly
or
not
at
all
set
downe
to
Councellers
whose
wisedome
ought
to
haue
the
reference
and
collection
of
them
.
But
vnto
other
persons
and
friends
they
are
sensible
and
plausible
enough
.
Lastly
,
in
the
sending
and
dispatching
of
such
letters
to
Councellers
,
wherein
are
supposed
to
be
importances
,
let
our
Trauailer
bee
verie
circumspect
:
for
it
were
better
for
him
not
to
write
at
all
,
then
by
writing
either
to
hazard
himselfe
or
bewraie
imperfections
.
And
therfore
let
him
take
heede
to
aduertise
any
thing
that
is
treasonable
,
or
offensiue
to
the
State
in
which
he
remaineth
:
Vnlesse
such
light
vpon
good
and
sound
Messengers
,
Hence
springeth
that
second
office
to
bee
perfourmed
of
our
Trauailer
,
That
hee
make
oft
repaire
to
the
Ambassadour
of
his
Prince
(
in
case
there
remaine
any
there
)
aduertising
him
of
such
importances
as
shall
chaunce
vnto
him
in
that
Countrey
,
where
hee
abideth
with
the
Ambassadour
,
before
hee
committe
the
same
in
writing
to
any
Counceller
at
home
:
For
that
seemes
to
derogate
from
the
Ambassador
(
from
whom
all
importances
are
expected
besides
negotiations
)
and
argueth
no
good
carriage
of
such
a
Trauailer
,
vnlesse
in
speciall
cases
;
namely
,
where
the
cause
vrgeth
haste
to
giue
aduertisement
,
which
by
distance
from
the
Ambassador
can
not
so
competently
bee
dispatched
,
if
the
same
should
be
first
giuen
vnto
him
;
and
where
the
Ambassadour
is
no
friend
of
that
Trauailer
.
For
it
is
the
office
of
euery
Subiect
thus
trauailing
,
whether
hee
goe
out
of
the
Land
,
with
his
Princes
Ambassadour
,
or
be
in
trauaile
before
,
or
trauaile
afterwards
,
to
giue
attendance
on
his
Princes
Ambassador
,
especially
going
to
the
Court.
For
that
is
an
honour
to
his
Nation
and
Prince
,
and
a
point
of
ciuilitie
belonging
to
the
person
of
an
Ambassador
;
that
equalleth
,
during
his
legation
,
any
Subiect
in
the
worlde
,
if
so
such
an
one
be
resident
,
or
neere
his
person
.
Of
which
humanitie
an
Ambassadour
cannot
be
vnsensible
,
no
more
than
the
Councellor
written
vnto
,
but
is
tied
to
haue
his
discretion
and
wisedome
in
recommendation
:
which
oft
turneth
to
the
good
of
Trauailers
,
when
they
returne
home
to
their
Countrey
.
Thus
hauing
brought
home
our
Trauailer
,
FINIS
.