-
1.
The
excellency
of
painting
.
-
2.
The
antiquitie
.
-
3.
Much
esteemed
in
times
past
.
-
4.
The
manifold
vses
thereof
.
-
5.
Necessary
to
be
taught
.
CHAP.
1.
PICTVRA
,
or
painting
in
generall
,
is
an
art
which
either
by
draughte
of
bare
lines
,
liuely
colours
,
cutting
out
or
embossing
,
expresseth
any
thing
the
like
by
the
same
:
which
we
may
find
in
the
holy
Scripture
both
allowed
,
and
highly
commended
by
the
mouth
of
God
himselfe
;
where
he
calleth
Bezaleel
and
Aholiab
,
Men
whom
he
hath
filled
with
the
spirit
of
God
in
wisedom
Exod.
31.
and
vnderstanding
,
and
in
knowledge
,
and
in
all
workmanship
,
to
find
out
curious
workes
,
to
worke
in
gold
,
and
in
siluer
,
and
in
brasse
,
also
in
the
art
to
set
stones
,
and
to
carue
in
timber
&c.
There
plainly
shewing
,
as
all
other
good
arts
,
so
caruing
or
drawing
to
be
an
especiall
gift
of
Gods
spirit
.
In
another
place
he
goeth
farther
,
and
as
it
were
challengeth
to
himselfe
the
Mastership
of
the
company
in
that
his
Maiestique
Erotema
in
lov
in
these
words
:
Hast
thou
giuen
the
pleasant
wings
vnto
the
Peacocks
?
and
Iob
:
39
:
16
wings
and
feathers
vnto
the
Ostrich
?
whereas
disabling
the
wit
of
man
by
his
owne
excellency
:
he
giueth
vs
to
admire
that
admirable
wisedome
in
disposing
so
many
beautifull
colours
,
from
the
wings
of
the
proude
Peacock
and
Ostrich
vnto
the
poore
Butterflie
,
that
astonished
I
may
say
with
Aristotle
,
euen
in
these
little
painted
Creatures
there
is
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
and
in
the
very
border
of
one
of
their
wings
,
and
euident
tast
of
the
diuine
Omnipotency
.
But
as
Picture
hath
been
allowed
of
God
,
so
it
hath
aswell
among
Christians
,
as
the
Heathen
bin
honored
from
all
antiquity
,
and
always
sound
fauour
with
the
greatest
wits
and
mightiest
Monarchs
of
the
world
;
Polit.
8.
insomuch
as
Aristotle
in
his
Politiques
accounteth
it
among
those
liberalia
Paedeumata
,
and
counselleth
it
as
an
especiall
thing
to
bee
taught
vnto
children
:
and
not
long
after
by
the
authority
and
labour
of
Eupompus
a
learned
Geometrician
and
painter
,
it
was
taught
in
all
Grammar
schools
throughout
Greece
.
But
some
will
tell
me
;
Mechanicall
arts
,
and
those
wrought
with
the
hand
are
for
the
most
part
base
,
and
vnworthy
the
practize
of
Gentlemen
and
great
personages
.
I
confesse
the
Lord
of
Bartas
hath
said
:
L'eur
esprit
se'n
fuit
au
bout
des
1
Sem
:
Exam:
de
ingenios
.
doigts
.
But
forasmuch
as
their
ends
are
honest
,
&
themselues
but
the
exercises
of
praegnant
,
&
the
finest
wits
:
I
see
no
reason
(
as
one
saith
)
why
nature
should
be
so
much
wronged
in
her
intention
,
as
not
sontime
to
produce
into
action
that
wherto
she
is
well
inclined
:
And
no
more
disgrace
to
a
Lord
to
draw
a
fair
picture
,
then
to
cut
his
Hawks
meat
,
or
play
at
footeball
with
his
men
.
Achilles
thought
no
scorn
to
be
so
cunning
in
cookery
,
that
when
certain
embassadors
came
vnto
him
,
his
own
hands
dressed
them
a
great
&
roial
supper
:
&
Homer
to
no
smal
commendation
of
his
Vlisses
(
vnder
whose
person
he
shapeth
Rutilius
in
vita
Q.
Fabii
pictoris
Iuriscon
.
In
vita
Pom
an
absolute
wiseman
)
saith
he
could
make
his
ships
himself
.
Quintus
Fabius
(
whose
stock
was
one
of
the
noblest
in
Rome
,
after
called
Pictore
,
)
with
his
own
hands
painted
the
wals
of
the
temple
of
Salus
,
&
wrote
his
name
vnderneath
.
Pomponius
Atticus
(
a
man
of
singular
wisedom
,
&
so
loued
of
Tully
)
after
he
had
composed
a
Poem
of
sundry
deuises
,
beutified
it
with
picturs
ofhis
own
drawing
.
The
Emperor
Constantin
gat
his
liuing
a
long
time
by
painting
.
Sigebert
in
Chron.
And
in
Plinies
time
certain
festiuall
days
were
yeerly
appointed
at
Corintth
for
exercise
of
picture
for
great
prizes
&
wagers
.
Since
painting
then
hath
been
so
well
esteemed
,
&
of
it
own
nature
so
linked
with
other
arts
,
as
many
of
them
can
hardly
stand
without
it
:
I
think
,
not
for
pleasure
only
,
but
of
necessity
most
needful
to
be
exercised
,
of
all
such
that
either
study
the
Mathematicks
,
mean
to
follow
the
wars
,
or
trauell
into
sorreine
countries
.
I
haue
heard
many
&
excellent
men
of
these
seueral
qualities
lament
so
great
a
want
in
themselues
,
otherwise
most
absolute
.
My
scholer
then
I
would
make
choise
of
,
I
wold
haue
a
yong
Gentleman
,
if
it
might
be
,
who
were
inclined
to
drawing
by
nature
,
at
the
least
a
welwiller
&
louer
of
it
;
&
as
Tully
would
haue
in
his
Orator
,
so
I
require
de
Oratore
,
in
him
aliquid
redundans
&
amputadnum
,
a
prety
fantastical
head
&
something
(
as
chips
of
the
sound
timber
,
which
commonly
the
best
wits
are
subiect
vnto
)
to
be
pared
of
;
with
all
daily
&
continuall
practise
,
were
it
but
Apelles
his
vna
linea
,
without
which
it
is
impossible
forhim
to
attain
to
ready
draught
,
&
les
to
excellecy
in
general
-
1.
The
most
excellent
painters
of
old
time
.
-
2.
The
great
value
and
prizes
of
pictures
.
-
3.
Of
certaine
women
that
haue
excelled
herein
.
-
4.
Of
Statuary
or
caruing
.
CHAP.
2.
PAinters
at
the
first
(
saith
Aelian
)
were
such
bunglers
and
so
rude
,
that
they
were
Aelian
de
varia
H●st
.
lib.
10
:
fayn
to
write
ouer
a
Cow
or
a
Hog
,
what
beast
it
was
:
otherwise
the
behoulder
could
not
tell
what
to
make
of
it
;
but
in
a
short
time
they
grew
to
that
perfection
,
that
they
were
honoured
well
nigh
as
Gods
,
as
Metrodorus
the
Athenian
:
of
whom
,
as
of
the
rest
that
were
famous
in
their
times
(
aswell
for
the
dignity
of
this
art
as
for
the
Readers
recreation
)
I
will
make
mention
,
as
I
find
in
Plinie
,
Pausanias
,
and
others
.
Apollodorus
among
the
Athenians
was
the
first
that
Apollodorus
did
expresse
the
life
with
colours
,
and
that
was
famous
for
his
pencill
.
Euphranor
a
painter
of
Isthmos
,
was
the
first
deuiser
ofEmblems
,
and
heroicall
Impresa's
for
shieldes
,
and
Euphranor
.
the
first
that
obserued
Symmetry
,
or
proportion
,
wherof
he
wrote
many
volumes
.
Parrhasius
aboue
all
others
excelled
in
black
&
white
,
Parrhasias
.
and
had
the
principall
commendation
for
his
Arte
in
casting
and
curling
the
hayre
.
Pyreicus
(
as
Volaterane
saith
)
was
only
famous
for
counterfeiting
all
base
things
,
as
earthen
pitchers
,
Barbers
Pyreicus
.
shops
,
a
scullery
,
Rogues
together
by
the
eares
,
swine
sleeping
in
the
my●e
&c:
Whereupon
hee
was
sirnamed
Rupographus
,
that
is
,
a
painter
of
base
things
.
Aristides
was
the
first
that
expressed
sence
and
passion
,
Aristides
.
as
in
that
peece
of
his
,
where
he
painted
a
mother
deadly
wounded
,
with
her
child
in
her
armes
,
striuing
for
the
Teat
;
she
weeping
in
extreame
passion
,
loath
to
deny
it
her
brest
,
and
loath
to
let
it
suck
,
for
feare
of
killing
it
with
her
own
blood
,
which
in
great
aboundance
issued
foorth
with
her
milke
.
This
table
Alexander
caried
with
him
to
Pella
.
Nicophanes
had
attributed
vnto
him
the
statelines
of
Nicophanes
Inuention
.
Protogenes
was
the
first
that
could
lay
his
colours
so
Protogenes
.
artificially
,
that
one
being
worn
off
,
another
succeeded
fresh
,
to
the
number
of
fowr
or
fiue
:
it
is
saide
when
he
vndertooke
any
excellent
peece
,
hee
would
obserue
a
strict
diet
;
eating
only
pease
,
lupines
and
such
like
,
to
the
intent
his
wit
and
inuention
might
becom
the
more
sharpe
and
fine
:
Amongst
his
other
workes
his
Lalysus
or
Bacchus
hath
the
principall
praise
,
which
table
(
when
Demetrius
Poliorcetes
besieg'd
the
Rhodes
)
being
in
the
Iland
,
he
refused
to
enter
where
he
hearde
it
was
kept
,
least
by
the
rudenes
of
his
souldiers
it
might
receiue
harme
:
protesting
as
Plutarch
saith
,
that
he
had
rather
burne
all
his
fathers
Images
:
which
occasion
at
that
in
Demetr.
time
being
ouerslipt
,
his
enterprise
came
to
no
effect
.
Aelian
saith
this
table
was
seuen
yeers
in
making
.
Apelles
who
liued
in
the
1012
Olympiade
excelled
all
Apelles
.
the
others
,
yet
for
action
and
disposition
,
he
gaue
place
to
Amphion
:
many
times
hee
would
sayle
ouer
to
the
Rhodes
to
see
Protogenes
and
his
worke
:
among
his
peeces
the
picture
of
Alexander
at
Ephesus
,
and
his
Venus
which
he
left
at
his
death
vnfinished
in
Chios
were
the
most
notable
.
Galaton
surpassed
all
others
of
his
time
,
for
witty
conceit
Galaton
.
&
Inuention
:
amongst
other
his
deuises
,
he
drew
Homer
vomiting
,
and
a
number
of
pety
Poets
gathering
it
vp
.
Claudius
Pulcher
painted
Tiles
so
artificially
,
that
Rauens
lighted
vpon
them
.
C.
Pulcher.
I
will
passe
ouer
the
artificiall
peeces
of
Zeuxis
,
L
:
Manlius
,
Pacuvius
a
Tragedian
Poet
,
Metrodorus
a
most
cunning
painter
and
a
great
Philosopher
;
who
,
when
L
:
de
quo
Cicero
.
I
de
Oratore
Paulus
wrote
vnto
the
vniuersity
of
Athens
to
prouide
him
a
graue
and
learned
Schoolemaster
for
his
sonnes
,
was
chosen
by
generall
consent
,
and
sent
to
Rome
,
as
the
fittest
man
both
to
teache
his
children
,
and
to
adorn
his
triumphes
.
Nor
will
I
make
mention
of
others
of
later
times
,
as
Hercole
di
Ferrara
,
&
his
notable
workmanship
seen
this
Herocle
di
Ferrara
.
Bellino
.
day
in
Bononie
.
Bellino
the
venetian
,
whose
fame
caused
the
Turk
to
send
for
him
,
from
whom
he
returned
roially
rewarded
.
Vnicio
,
and
his
admirable
peece
of
the
twelue
Apostles
in
the
church
of
our
Lady
of
grace
in
Millan
:
Vnicio
.
Pisanello
that
so
beautified
the
Church
of
Laterane
in
Pisanello
.
Rome
,
which
the
world
may
scarce
match
for
rarenes
&
tenuity
of
shadowing
:
Petro
de
Burgo
,
that
so
excelled
in
perspectiue
.
Zoto
the
Florentine
with
many
others
.
Nor
Petro
de
Burgo
.
Zoto
.
Mi.
Angelo
Alberdure
.
Stradane
.
M.
Hilliard
M.
Isaac
.
of
those
of
neerer
and
our
own
times
,
as
Michael
Angelo
&
his
brother
,
Alberdure
,
Stradane
,
M.
Hilliard
&
M.
Isaac
our
own
countrimen
;
because
their
works
are
yet
scarce
dry
in
the
world
.
Now
least
you
shold
esteem
but
basely
of
this
art
,
&
disdain
your
pictur
because
you
may
haue
it
for
a
trifle
(
which
I
acount
a
fault
in
many
of
our
good
workmen
)
I
will
tell
you
the
prizes
of
some
peeces
of
note
aswell
in
ancient
time
,
as
of
late
days
.
Caesar
the
dictator
The
excee
.
ding
value
of
pictures
.
de
quibus
Cic.
Act.
6.
in
Verrem
.
redeemed
the
tables
of
Aiax
&
Medea
for
80.
tal
.
which
amounteth
to
24000
french
crowns
,
I
speak
with
the
least
,
because
I
take
minus
talentum
alt
:
cum
(
sor
generally
where
you
find
talentum
in
any
Latin
author
,
as
in
Tully
pro
C
:
Rabirio
Posthumo
and
in
his
Epistles
ad
Attic.
&
som
other
places
where
you
haue
it
oftnest
:
you
must
vnderstand
the
Athenian
talent
,
except
you
haue
the
addition
of
Aegineum
,
Sirium
,
Babiloniū
,
&c
)
the
greater
was
bigger
(
as
Budaeus
saith
)
by
a
third
part
:
K
:
Altalus
paid
for
B.
in
Asse
,
one
of
Aristides
peeces
an
hundred
talents
.
Hortensius
the
Orator
gaue
for
a
table
of
the
Argonatae
144
talents
,
Mnason
paid
to
Asclepiadorus
for
the
12
Gods
,
after
300
pound
sterling
a
peece
.
Candaules
K
:
of
Lydia
gaue
to
Bularchus
for
a
peece
of
his
the
weight
of
the
same
in
gold
.
Pope
Innocent
the
8
a
worthy
fauorer
of
all
good
artes
,
bestowed
vpon
Andrea
Mantega
his
painter
in
the
Beluedere
in
Rome
,
2000
ducats
for
a
months
pains
.
The
Genoans
paid
vnto
two
Germane
painters
for
the
battel
of
Patras
fought
between
don
Iohn
of
Austria
,
&
Hali
Bassa
187
ducats
.
And
what
a
round
sum
was
once
offered
by
strangers
for
S
:
Magnus
altar
cloth
in
London
:
many
other
examples
might
be
alledged
,
but
I
haue
said
enough
to
shew
that
arts
haue
alwais
bin
wel
paid
their
hire
,
&
the
professors
bin
had
in
esteem
with
the
worthiest
men
.
Neither
hath
picture
bin
peculiar
to
men
only
,
but
also
women
hauebin
excellent
herin
.
Timarete
the
daughter
of
Micon
,
a
famous
paintres
drew
Diana
,
which
at
Ephesus
was
counted
among
the
best
and
ancient
pictures
.
Olimpias
taught
Ant●bulus
the
art
of
shadowing
,
there
wer
other
very
famous
herein
,
which
for
breuity
I
omit
:
as
Irene
,
Calipso
,
Lala
,
Aristorete
.
But
we
end
with
those
famous
Artists
leauing
them
to
their
graues
,
and
their
works
to
the
admiration
of
all
posterity
,
and
speake
of
Statuary
or
Caruing
,
which
thus
farre
differeth
from
painting
;
this
doth
expresse
hir
image
in
the
plaine
or
smooth
superficies
imaginarily
;
the
other
in
the
hollow
and
vneuen
superficies
,
really
.
It
hath
been
I
confesse
in
as
great
account
as
painting
;
yet
it
deserueth
not
altogether
to
well
,
because
it
is
more
rude
and
rough
in
exercise
,
and
worketh
not
with
so
fine
a
iudgement
:
for
painting
is
tied
to
counterfeite
all
shadowes
,
expresse
the
life
,
sence
and
passion
,
whereas
in
caruing
they
fall
in
with
the
chissell
,
and
nothing
els
required
but
an
euen
proportion
.
-
A
painter
not
priuiledged
to
draw
what
he
list
.
-
2
Great
abuses
may
arise
of
Painting
or
drawing
.
-
3
How
and
when
to
vse
it
.
CHAP.
3.
AS
I
woulde
haue
my
scholler
take
his
pleasure
,
so
would
I
not
haue
him
buy
it
at
too
deeer
a
rate
,
either
with
losse
of
ouermuch
time
in
neglecting
the
maine
profession
,
or
of
his
eares
for
a
libeller
,
defaming
honest
men
by
ilfauoured
pictures
:
as
drawing
them
with
Asses
ears
,
huge
noses
,
hornes
or
such
like
,
neither
to
thinke
with
Horace
that
he
may
quidlibet
audere
:
for
there
be
some
things
that
ought
to
be
free
from
the
pencill
,
as
the
picture
of
God
the
father
:
or
(
as
I
haue
seene
)
the
whole
Trinitie
painted
in
a
glasse
window
:
which
hee
cannot
do
without
artificiall
blasphemy
,
and
reuiuing
from
hell
the
old
heresie
of
the
Anthropomorphites
who
supposed
God
to
be
in
the
shape
of
an
old
man
,
sitting
vpon
his
throne
in
a
white
Robe
,
with
a
triple
crowne
on
his
head
.
I
know
what
diuers
haue
in
this
behalfe
alledged
,
Ezech.
eh
.
1
,
verse
27.
one
speciall
place
they
haue
in
Ezechiel
in
the
vision
of
the
throne
,
but
howsoeuer
,
it
is
misliked
by
many
good
Catholiques
,
and
none
of
the
worst
deuines
in
their
owne
Catechismes
and
confessions
,
though
especially
and
in
plainest
termes
by
Lorichius
Catholic
.
Institut.
in
praecept
.
1.
in
these
words
.
Est
praeterea
abusus
imaginum
quod
sanctam
Trinitatem
praesumpsimus
exprimere
,
quod
haeresis
est
pestilentissima
,
quid
enim
magis
S
:
Trinitati
aduersum
,
atque
Patrem
effingere
senis
silicernij
effigie
,
filium
iuuenis
formam
habentem
,
spiritum
sanctum
alitis
speciem
volitantis
referentem
:
Quid
I
diotae
ex
tali
libro
didicisse
poterint
?
errorem
sane
&
haeresim
.
Secondly
he
must
abstaine
with
Christian
modesty
from
drawing
arts
of
filthines
,
&
laying
open
those
parts
which
Nature
would
haue
kept
secret
:
what
hurt
hath
that
abhominable
Aretine
done
by
his
booke
and
baudy
pictures
?
and
what
lewd
art
is
ordinarily
showen
in
the
naked
pictures
of
wax
sould
vp
and
downe
as
libidinis
fomenta
?
Surely
I
must
commend
art
in
them
,
though
detest
their
wicked
makers
and
abhominable
ends
.
For
the
time
of
drawing
,
I
woulde
haue
my
Scholler
take
it
when
he
is
wearied
at
his
book
,
forced
to
keep
home
by
reason
of
foule
weather
,
or
sollicited
by
idlenesse
to
some
wors
businesse
:
hauing
chosen
such
a
conuenient
time
,
let
him
make
or
buy
him
a
fayre
paper
book
for
the
nonce
,
to
begin
to
practise
in
,
and
keep
very
carefully
that
he
hath
done
,
by
which
he
shall
see
how
hee
profiteth
daily
,
auoyd
scribling
in
loose
papers
and
(
keeping
his
hand
from
walls
or
wainscot
)
to
deale
plainly
the
bable
:
For
Il
muro
bianco
carta
di
matto
passeth
currant
through
Italy
.
Instruments
necessary
for
drawing
.
CHAP.
4.
I
Am
not
ignorant
of
sundry
waies
that
haue
beene
deuised
to
teach
draught
,
as
namely
by
crossing
the
pattern
,
then
your
owne
paper
with
equall
spaces
,
filling
the
same
as
you
finde
in
your
example
:
also
drawing
vpon
a
lanterne
horne
,
with
a
paper
blackt
with
a
torch
,
and
such
,
like
:
neither
do
I
mislike
any
such
conuenient
help
to
a
yong
learners
furtherance
;
but
if
you
wil
learn
to
the
purpose
,
and
grow
cunning
in
short
time
,
you
shoulde
rather
fall
to
it
onely
by
your
owne
conceipt
and
Iudgement
,
and
let
those
Black
lead
in
quils
.
toyes
goe
,
you
must
first
get
you
black
lead
sharpned
finelie
:
and
put
fast
into
quils
,
for
your
rude
and
first
draught
,
some
ten
or
twelue
.
Moreouer
you
must
not
be
without
as
many
Sallow
Sallow
coal
es
.
coales
,
sharpned
at
the
ends
:
you
shall
chuse
them
thus
,
they
are
more
blew
and
finer
grained
then
the
other
coales
,
smooth
(
being
broken
)
like
fatten
:
you
shall
sharpen
them
vpon
one
of
your
fingers
,
as
also
your
black
lead
;
otherwise
they
will
quickly
breake
and
point
sharp
.
Get
you
also
a
small
paire
of
brazen
compasses
Rule
and
compasse
.
and
Brasill
rule
,
for
taking
the
distance
,
if
you
followe
a
printe
;
and
bee
not
without
the
crums
Manchet
or
fine
white
bread
.
of
fine
manchet
or
whitebreade
,
to
rubbe
out
your
lead
or
coal
,
when
you
haue
done
amisse
,
or
finished
your
worke
.
Scriueners
&
Schoolemasters
in
the
Country
that
teach
to
write
haue
diuers
small
pensills
of
broome
,
with
which
they
shadowe
greate
letters
in
Broome
pencils
.
coppy
bookes
very
pretily
:
they
are
made
in
this
manner
,
take
a
broome
stalk
about
the
bignes
of
a
spoone
handle
,
and
cut
it
euen
at
the
end
,
when
when
you
haue
done
,
chewe
it
betweene
your
teeth
till
it
be
fine
and
grow
heary
at
the
end
like
a
pensill
,
but
I
care
not
how
little
you
vse
them
,
because
your
pen
shall
doe
better
&
shew
more
art
.
For
your
drawing
pennes
,
neuer
be
without
twenty
or
thirty
at
a
time
,
made
of
Rauens
and
goose
quills
;
your
Rauens
quills
are
the
best
of
all
other
,
to
write
faire
,
or
shadow
fine
,
your
goose
quils
serue
for
the
bigger
or
ruder
lines
.
The
first
practise
.
CHAP.
5.
HAuing
these
in
a
readines
,
you
shall
practise
for
the
space
of
a
week
or
there
abouts
,
to
draw
Circles
,
Squares
of
all
sorts
,
a
Cylinder
,
the
ouall
forme
,
with
other
such
like
solid
and
plaine
Geometricall
figures
,
till
you
can
doe
them
indifferent
well
,
vsing
the
helpe
of
your
rule
and
Compasse
:
the
reason
of
exercising
you
first
in
these
is
,
when
as
Symmetry
or
proportion
is
the
very
soule
ofpicture
,
it
is
impossible
that
you
should
be
ready
in
the
bodies
,
before
you
can
draw
their
abstract
and
generall
sormes
,
and
haue
woonted
and
made
your
hand
ready
,
in
proportions
of
all
sortes
,
which
are
compounded
of
the
same
,
as
for
example
,
your
Circle
will
teache
you
,
to
draw
euen
&
truly
all
sphaericall
bodies
which
are
,
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
of
like
parts
and
formes
,
as
the
Sun
,
Moone
,
Stars
,
&c.
The
most
flowers
as
the
Rose
,
Marigold
,
Heliotropium
,
Daisie
,
&c:
the
most
vessells
as
cups
,
Basons
,
Bowles
,
Bottles
,
&c.
The
square
will
make
you
ready
for
all
manner
of
compartments
,
bases
,
perystiles
,
plots
,
buildings
,
&c:
your
Cylinder
for
vaulted
turrets
and
round
buildings
;
your
Orthogonium
and
Pyramis
,
for
sharp
steeples
,
turrets
and
all
things
,
in
mucronem
fastigiata
,
your
Ouall
forme
will
help
you
in
drawing
the
face
,
a
shield
,
or
such
like
:
so
that
you
may
reduce
many
thousand
bodies
to
these
few
generall
figures
,
as
vnto
their
principall
heads
and
fountaines
.
After
you
are
cunning
in
these
figures
(
beginning
with
the
Circle
and
)
imitate
some
thing
of
Circular
forme
,
what
you
shall
think
good
,
in
which
as
in
all
the
other
aforenamed
proportions
you
shall
worke
and
help
your selfe
by
the
Diameter
(
which
is
a
strait
line
,
drawn
long
waies
iust
in
the
midst
of
your
circle
or
square
)
and
which
will
guide
you
marueilously
in
your
work
:
for
example
if
I
would
draw
the
Sun
,
so
soone
as
I
haue
made
a
fayr
Circle
I
draw
(
with
cole
or
lead
that
I
may
rub
it
out
againe
)
my
Diameter
,
or
line
down
the
midst
,
ou●r
which
if
you
will
again
,
you
may
draw
a
crosse
line
,
both
which
deuide
your
Circle
equally
into
4
parts
as
you
see
.
Which
Diameter
with
the
crosse
line
,
are
not
onely
your
directors
for
the
equall
placing
of
the
greater
&
lesser
beames
,
on
the
side
as
you
may
perceiue
:
but
also
for
the
drawing
of
the
nose
,
mouth
and
eyes
euen
,
in
the
midst
of
the
face
.
I
will
giue
you
another
example
of
a
goblet
,
first
I
make
a
halfe
or
semicircle
for
the
bowle
,
downe
the
midst
of
which
(
as
low
as
I
would
haue
the
foote
to
come
)
I
draw
my
Diameter
or
straight
line
,
which
being
done
,
the
worst
is
past
:
you
must
now
marke
,
I
am
not
tied
to
make
my
bowle
as
round
as
the
circle
,
but
long
or
what
fashion
I
list
,
no
other
vse
hath
the
Circle
there
then
to
guide
me
euen
on
either
side
,
whether
I
make
it
broad
or
narrow
,
long
or
short
,
embosse
it
or
howsoeuer
,
the
other
part
of
the
line
causeth
me
to
make
the
foct
euen
as
you
see
.
which
line
and
circle
(
as
I
said
before
)
you
may
with
your
white
bread
rub
out
,
when
you
haue
done
.
In
these
and
such
like
you
may
at
your
pleasure
find
infinite
variety
to
set
your selfe
a
worke
with
,
till
you
ar
able
,
Sine
cortice
natare
,
to
fall
to
work
by
your
own
iudgement
;
which
you
shall
do
in
your
next
and
second
practise
.
The
second
practise
.
CHAP.
6.
YOu
shall
,
next
after
your
hand
is
grown
ready
in
the
aforesaid
proportions
,
practise
to
draw
smal
and
easie
things
,
comming
as
neer
your
former
examples
as
may
be
,
by
your
conceipt
only
:
as
a
cherry
with
the
leafe
,
the
shaft
of
a
steeple
,
a
single
or
canker
Rose
,
&c.
wherin
you
shall
begin
to
take
some
delight
,
and
find
no
great
difficulty
.
But
in
drawing
these
and
whatsoeuer
els
,
I
must
not
forget
to
tell
you
;
that
you
must
be
perfect
and
quick
in
the
generall
or
outward
lines
,
and
giue
them
a
reasonable
good
proportion
,
ere
you
fall
to
shadowing
or
tricking
your
work
within
:
wherfore
I
would
haue
you
make
an
essay
6
or
7
times
at
the
least
for
the
generall
proportion
only
:
if
at
the
first
it
be
not
to
your
mind
,
as
for
example
in
drawing
of
a
rose
,
be
sure
that
the
compasse
of
it
be
not
faulty
,
ere
you
cast
out
the
leaues
by
5
equal
lines
,
or
in
making
a
womans
ruffe
,
that
you
skore
it
out
first
narrow
in
the
neck
,
then
wider
from
the
cheekes
,
and
narrow
againe
vnder
the
chin
very
truly
,
ere
you
add
the
lace
or
seting
,
al
which
is
don
with
I
line
which
I
cal
the
general
or
extream
.
For
those
forms
that
are
mixed
&
vncertain
,
&
where
your
circle
and
square
can
do
you
no
good
(
being
left
only
to
your
Idea
)
as
in
a
Lion
,
a
Horse
or
such
like
:
you
must
work
altogither
by
your
own
iudgement
,
&
win
the
proportion
by
dailie
practise
,
which
wil
seem
very
harsh
&
strange
vnto
you
at
the
first
,
but
to
help
your self
herein
you
shall
do
thus
:
hauing
the
generall
notion
or
shape
of
the
thing
in
your
mind
you
mean
to
draw
(
which
I
doubt
not
but
you
may
conceiue
and
remember
as
wel
as
the
best
painter
in
the
world
though
not
expresse
according
to
the
rules
of
art
)
draw
it
with
your
lead
or
coale
after
your
own
fashion
How
to
helpe
you
in
your
Idea
.
though
neuer
so
badly
,
&
laie
it
from
you
for
a
day
:
the
next
daie
peruse
it
well
,
bethinke
your selfe
where
you
haue
erred
,
and
mend
it
according
to
that
Idea
you
carrie
in
your
mind
,
in
the
generall
proportion
:
when
you
haue
thus
done
,
laie
it
by
again
til
the
next
daie
,
&
so
continue
for
5
or
6
daies
together
,
correcting
by
degrees
the
other
parts
euen
to
smal
vains
as
your
discretion
wil
serue
you
,
this
may
you
do
with
40
papers
at
once
,
of
seuerall
things
,
hauing
done
what
you
can
(
though
not
to
your
liking
)
confer
it
by
the
like
,
some
excellent
print
or
patterne
of
the
same
,
vsing
no
rule
or
compasse
at
all
but
your
own
iudgement
in
mending
euery
fault
lightly
,
and
with
a
quick
hand
,
giuing
euery
place
his
due
;
whereby
you
shall
of
all
sides
meet
with
your
errors
and
find
an
incredible
furtherance
to
your
practise
:
though
hereunto
is
required
I
must
confesse
,
a
strong
imagination
and
a
good
memory
,
which
are
the
midwiues
to
this
arte
and
practise
as
in
all
things
els
the
nurse
that
bringes
it
to
the
ful
growth
and
perfection
.
Of
drawing
the
face
or
countenaunce
of
a
man
.
CHAP.
7.
SInce
man
is
the
worthiest
of
al
creatures
,
and
such
pleasing
variety
in
countenances
so
disposed
of
by
the
diuine
prouidence
,
that
among
ten
thousand
you
shall
not
see
one
like
another
(
as
well
for
breeding
delight
,
as
for
obseruing
a
methode
after
you
haue
practised
according
to
your
former
directions
in
other
things
)
you
shall
begin
to
draw
a
mans
face
,
in
which
as
in
al
other
creatures
you
must
take
your
beginning
at
the
forehead
,
and
so
draw
downward
till
you
haue
finished
.
The
end
of
the
nose
in
ordinary
proportion
must
be
brought
no
lower
then
the
middle
of
the
cheek
,
The
space
of
an
other
eie
to
be
left
betweene
the
eies
.
from
whence
to
the
chin
is
for
the
most
part
as
far
,
as
from
thence
vpward
to
the
eie
browes
.
The
nose
of
a
ful
face
must
not
be
expressed
with
apparant
lines
,
but
with
a
very
fine
shadow
on
each
side
as
you
see
.
To
make
an
angry
or
sterne
countenance
let
your
brow
bend
so
,
that
it
may
almost
seeme
to
touch
the
ball
of
the
eie
;
at
what
time
you
must
also
giue
the
forehead
a
fine
wrincle
or
two
,
and
withall
the
vpper
part
of
the
nose
betweene
the
eies
.
A
great
conceipt
is
required
in
making
the
eie
great
difficulty
in
the
eie
.
which
either
by
the
dulnes
or
liuely
quicknes
thereof
giueth
a
great
taste
of
the
spirit
&
disposition
of
the
mind
,
(
which
manie
times
I
will
not
denie
may
be
aswell
perceiued
by
the
mouth
,
&
motion
of
the
body
,
)
as
in
drawing
a
foole
or
ideot
,
by
making
his
eies
narrow
,
and
his
temples
wrinkled
with
laughter
,
wide
mouthd
,
or
shewing
his
teeth
&c.
A
graue
or
reuerend
father
by
giuing
him
a
demisse
and
lowly
countenauce
,
his
eie
beholding
you
with
a
sober
cast
which
is
caused
by
the
vpper
eielid
,
couering
a
great
part
of
the
ball
,
and
is
an
especial
marke
of
a
sober
&
staied
braine
within
,
Nazianzen
when
hee
beheld
Nicephor
.
lib
10
cap.
3
7.
Iulian
(
long
time
before
hee
was
Emperour
of
Athens
,
at
the
verie
first
sight
of
his
countenance
,
(
Praesaging
his
future
disposition
)
burst
forth
into
these
words
;
Deus
bone
,
quantum
malum
fouet
romanum
imperium
:
Nazianz.
in
2.
inuect
.
contra
Iulianum
.
for
(
as
he
witnesseth
himselfe
)
there
was
not
any
signe
of
goodnes
or
towardnesse
in
him
,
his
eies
rowled
in
his
head
,
wandring
and
turning
fearefully
now
this
,
now
that
waie
;
sparkling
with
furie
&
anger
,
his
nose
was
grown
wrinckled
with
scoffing
and
deriding
the
rest
of
his
countenance
tending
to
mockery
,
his
laughter
so
immoderate
that
his
whole
body
would
shake
therwith
,
his
shoulders
shrinking
to
and
fro
,
to
his
neck
:
his
legges
and
feete
seldome
standing
stil
;
his
questions
and
answeares
suspitious
,
rash
,
and
often
interrupted
by
short
fetching
his
breath
:
by
which
signes
the
good
man
foresawe
his
inbred
tyranny
and
vile
disposition
,
which
after
burst
forth
into
an
horrible
persecution
and
open
rebellion
against
God
and
his
church
.
A
Graecian
Brusonius
lib
;
7.
cap.
20
Captaine
in
like
manner
noting
very
often
the
cast
of
the
eie
&
countenance
of
Scylla
,
together
with
his
gesture
and
motion
of
bodie
,
vsed
these
words
:
it
is
impossible
but
this
gentleman
one
day
shoulde
prooue
a
great
commaunder
,
and
I
meruaile
that
he
is
not
aduanced
all
this
while
:
by
which
examples
and
the
like
,
I
prooue
that
there
is
a
certaine
iudicium
,
or
notice
of
the
mindes
disposition
inly
imprinted
by
nature
euen
in
the
countenaunce
,
and
many
times
in
the
the
eie
or
mouth
,
which
(
as
I
haue
said
)
you
must
be
carefull
,
as
you
shall
haue
occasion
,
warily
to
obserue
.
Now
for
the
mouth
(
though
least
of
all
other
any
The
mouth
.
generall
rule
may
bee
giuen
for
it
,
)
it
consisteth
principally
of
two
lines
whereof
one
expresseth
the
mouth
it selfe
,
the
other
the
neather
lippe
:
the
ouerlipp
is
best
showen
by
a
shadow
cast
ouer
the
crosse
line
as
you
see
:
which
shadowe
and
crosse
line
if
you
drawe
by
the
life
muste
bee
hit
at
an
heyres
breadth
,
and
if
your
picture
bee
little
,
you
cannot
thinke
so
small
a
thing
as
giueth
or
quite
taketh
awaie
the
tutch
and
resemblance
of
the
mouth
:
and
to
saie
truly
it
will
bee
the
hardest
peece
of
cunning
that
euer
you
shall
meet
withall
:
therefore
you
had
need
cause
the
party
whome
you
will
drawe
to
sit
as
we
saie
,
Vultu
composito
,
without
stirring
or
altering
the
mouth
were
it
neuer
so
little
:
wherefore
you
shall
I
beleeue
find
(
a
mans
face
)
aboue
all
other
creaturs
the
most
troublesome
vnto
you
:
for
either
they
will
smile
,
be
ouerlooking
your
hand
,
or
setting
their
countenances
to
seeme
gratious
and
comely
,
giue
you
choyse
of
twentie
seuerall
faces
.
The
proper
and
ordinary
shadowes
of
the
full
face
.
IT
is
true
that
some
do
affirme
,
there
can
be
no
generall
rule
giuen
for
shadowing
the
face
;
the
reason
is
,
euery
seuerall
countenance
hath
his
proper
shadowe
as
it
falleth
,
fat
,
lean
,
swoln
,
wrinckled
with
age
,
or
deformed
by
some
other
accident
:
but
their
argument
is
much
at
one
with
that
I
remember
a
Welshman
vrged
in
good
sadnes
in
the
schooles
when
I
was
Sophister
in
Cambridge
:
Wales
was
ful
of
hills
&
dales
,
Ergo
the
world
was
not
round
:
but
to
our
purpose
,
The
shadowes
that
fall
naturally
in
this
face
are
these
,
first
a
single
shadowe
in
the
temples
,
then
a
double
shadow
in
the
corner
of
the
eies
,
a
circular
shadow
down
the
cheek
,
vnder
the
neather
lip
,
a
little
vnder
the
nosethril
,
from
the
side
of
the
nose
to
the
corner
of
the
mouth
,
what
these
seueral
shadows
and
there
vses
are
,
you
shall
know
anon
.
Of
the
three
quarter
face
.
The
three
quarter
face
,
as
I
haue
said
,
is
diminished
by
a
fourth
part
,
where
some
part
of
the
eie
&
cheek
are
taken
away
by
the
nose
and
made
lesse
:
so
that
the
cheek
in
full
sight
must
not
onely
haue
his
due
proportion
allowed
him
,
but
as
much
of
the
head
&
neck
as
was
taken
away
from
the
other
side
.
In
this
face
both
the
eies
ought
not
to
be
made
of
equall
bignes
,
because
the
eie
is
lessened
with
the
cheek
,
as
likwise
a
corner
of
the
mouth
;
the
shadows
in
a
manner
are
all
one
with
the
full
face
,
saue
in
this
the
neck
&
cheek
are
commonly
deeply
shadowed
.
Of
the
halfe
face
.
The
halfe
face
of
all
other
is
most
easie
,
insomuch
that
if
you
will
,
you
may
draw
it
onely
with
one
line
neuer
remoouing
your
hand
;
in
this
you
are
to
shew
but
half
an
eie
,
and
the
eare
at
full
,
as
you
see
.
In
making
a
true
eare
there
is
some
difficulty
,
wherefore
I
haue
giuen
an
example
by
it selfe
.
Of
the
whole
bodie
.
CHAP.
8.
WHen
you
are
grown
something
perfect
in
the
face
,
and
can
draw
the
head
indifferent
well
,
you
must
be
carefull
to
proportion
the
body
thereafter
,
then
the
error
of
which
,
no
one
falt
is
more
common
with
most
painters
:
for
you
shall
scarce
see
one
among
twenty
but
will
draw
the
head
too
big
,
which
if
you
obserue
,
you
shall
find
in
Making
the
head
too
big
,
a
common
fault
.
most
pictures
:
help
your selfe
herein
by
setting
a
boie
before
you
,
causing
him
to
stand
which
waie
you
list
,
and
so
to
wont
your
iudgment
to
the
proportion
by
little
and
little
:
hauing
finished
the
head
,
draw
the
The
neck
.
neck
,
beginning
it
with
one
line
from
about
the
tip
of
the
eare
;
then
draw
the
other
downe
from
the
ball
of
the
cheeke
(
which
is
lessened
on
the
other
side
)
as
far
as
you
think
good
to
the
shoulder
,
where
staie
,
till
you
haue
shadowed
it
:
the
shadowes
of
the
neck
in
a
child
or
yong
woman
are
verie
fine
,
rare
and
scarcelie
seen
,
but
in
a
man
the
sinews
must
be
expressed
,
with
the
vaines
,
by
shadowing
the
rest
of
the
neck
,
&
leauing
them
white
.
For
the
proportion
of
the
other
parts
(
because
Master
Haddocke
hath
preuented
mee
,
whose
booke
in
anie
case
I
would
haue
you
to
buie
,
after
you
are
well
entred
)
I
will
omit
and
shew
you
onlie
such
eminences
which
by
shadow
must
be
necessarilie
expressed
:
after
you
haue
don
the
neck
,
you
are
to
expres
the
wing
or
vpper
part
of
the
shoulder
The
sholder
.
The
arme
.
The
wrist
.
by
shadowing
it
vnderneath
,
the
brawne
of
the
arme
must
appeare
full
,
shadowed
on
one
side
,
then
show
the
wrist
bone
thereof
and
the
meeting
of
the
vaines
in
that
place
,
the
vaines
of
the
back
of
the
hand
,
and
the
knuckles
,
are
made
with
2
or
3
heare
stroaks
with
The
knuckles
The
paps
.
The
Ribs
.
a
fine
touch
of
your
pen
:
the
paps
of
a
man
are
shown
by
two
or
three
fine
stroakes
giuen
vnderneath
,
in
a
woman
,
with
a
circular
shadowe
well
deepened
,
the
ribs
are
so
to
be
shadowd
,
as
you
doubt
whether
they
appeare
or
no
;
except
your
man
were
starued
,
or
you
should
draw
death
himself
:
the
bellie
shall
be
eminent
Thebelly
.
by
shadowing
the
flanke
,
and
vnder
the
breast
bone
:
the
brawn
of
the
thigh
shall
appear
,
by
drawing
smal
The
thigh
.
heare
strokes
from
the
hip
to
the
knee
,
shadowed
again
ouerthwartlie
:
the
knee
pan
must
be
shown
with
the
knitting
thereof
by
a
fine
shadow
vnderneath
the
ioynt
;
the
shinbone
from
the
knee
to
the
insteppe
,
is
The
knee
.
made
by
shadowing
one
halfe
of
the
leg
with
a
single
The
legge
.
shadow
,
the
ankle
bone
will
shew
it selfe
by
a
shadow
giuen
vnderneath
,
as
the
knee
;
the
sinews
must
seem
to
take
their
beginning
from
the
midst
of
the
foot
:
&
to
grow
bigger
the
neerer
they
are
to
the
toes
.
There
is
a
great
art
in
making
the
foote
wherein
your
shadowes
must
take
place
as
occasion
serueth
,
and
to
saie
the
trueth
,
so
they
must
in
the
other
parts
,
The
foote
.
but
naturallie
they
fall
as
I
haue
saide
;
for
teaching
you
the
true
shadowing
of
a
naked
bodie
;
Goltzius
is
one
of
the
best
whom
aboue
any
other
I
wish
you
to
●mitate
.
Of
Shadowing
.
That
you
might
better
vnderstand
what
I
meane
in
this
last
chapter
by
so
manie
kinds
of
shadowes
,
I
will
ere
I
go
farther
shew
you
what
they
be
,
with
their
seuerall
vses
.
The
first
is
a
single
shadow
,
and
the
least
of
all
other
,
and
is
proper
to
the
plaine
Superficies
where
it
is
not
wholelie
possessed
of
the
light
;
as
for
example
:
I
draw
a
fowr
square
plate
thus
,
that
shaddowe
,
because
there
is
no
hollow
,
but
all
plain
(
as
neerest
participatinge
with
the
light
)
is
most
naturall
and
agreeable
to
that
bodie
.
The
second
is
the
double
shadow
,
and
it
is
vsed
when
The
double
shadow
.
the
Superficies
begins
once
to
forsake
your
eies
as
you
may
perceiue
best
in
a
column
as
thus
:
where
it
beeing
darkned
double
,
it
presenteth
to
your
eie
(
as
it
were
)
the
backside
,
leauing
that
vnshaddowed
to
the
light
.
Your
treble
shaddowe
is
made
by
crossing
ouer
your
double
shadowe
againe
,
which
darkeneth
by
a
third
part
in
this
manner
,
as
followeth
.
It
is
vsed
for
the
inmoste
shadow
and
farthest
from
the
light
,
as
in
gulffes
,
chinks
of
the
earth
,
wells
,
caues
within
houses
(
as
when
you
imagine
to
look
in
at
a
doore
,
or
window
)
vnder
the
bellies
&
flanks
of
beastes
to
shew
the
thik
nesor
darknes
of
a
myghty
wood
,
that
it
may
seem
nulli
penetrabilis
astro
:
consequently
in
al
places
where
the
light
is
beaten
foorth
,
as
your
reason
will
teache
you
.
Generall
rules
for
shadowing
.
You
must
alwaies
cast
you
shadow
one
way
,
that
is
,
on
which
side
of
the
body
you
begin
your
shadow
,
you
must
continue
it
till
your
worke
be
done
:
as
if
I
would
draw
a
man
,
I
begin
to
shadow
his
left
cheeke
,
the
left
part
of
his
neck
,
the
left
side
of
the
left
arme
,
the
left
side
of
the
left
thigh
,
&c:
leauing
the
other
to
the
light
,
except
the
light
side
be
darkned
by
the
opposition
of
an
other
body
,
as
if
three
bowles
should
stand
togither
,
that
in
the
midst
must
receiue
a
shadow
on
both
sides
.
It
will
seeme
a
hard
matter
to
shadowe
a
gemm
5.
or
well
pointed
Diamond
,
that
hath
many
side●
and
squares
,
and
to
giue
the
lustre
,
where
it
ought
but
if
you
remember
and
obserue
the
right
vse
o●
your
shadowes
giuing
the
light
to
the
lightwarde
which
I
haue
taught
you
,
you
shall
easily
do
it
of
you●
selfe
.
A
merry
iest
of
two
Painters
.
WHilest
I
lay
in
Huntingdon
,
there
grew
a
qua●rel
between
two
painters
,
the
one
a
strau●ger
and
a
Soiourner
,
the
other
dwelling
in
t●●
towne
,
the
ground
of
which
quarrell
was
a
secret
aemulation
betweene
them
(
as
commonly
falleth
out
among
tradesmen
of
one
profession
)
which
burst
out
so
farre
,
that
at
length
one
challenged
to
paint
with
the
other
for
a
wager
of
20
nobles
;
the
picture
which
should
be
drawn
(
because
the
stranger
had
already
made
and
sold
many
)
was
the
picture
of
Christ
,
and
my selfe
chosen
iudge
of
the
workmanship
:
great
aduice
and
deliberation
was
taken
on
both
sides
(
Now
the
painter
of
the
towne
to
shew
(
as
he
thought
)
extraordinary
art
in
shadowing
,
had
laid
with
charcoale
in
a
deepe
blew
the
cheeks
and
eies
of
his
picture
)
at
the
last
,
the
worke
beeing
finished
,
and
both
ready
to
heare
my
verdict
;
Newman
the
stranger
who
was
the
better
workman
so
soon
as
he
saw
his
aduersaries
worke
,
God
forgiue
me
(
quoth
hee
)
heers
a
picture
with
a
witnes
,
it
looks
as
if
it
had
been
beaten
black
and
blew
:
and
I
pray
you
(
quoth
the
other
)
was
not
Christ
buffeted
,
whereat
certain
gentlemen
present
,
and
my selfe
took
so
good
an
oceasion
of
laughter
(
hee
speaking
it
in
an
honest
simplicity
to
saue
himselfe
)
that
wee
could
do
no
lesse
then
make
them
both
frinds
giuing
them
their
mony
again
;
&
thus
much
of
shadowing
.
Offore-shortning
.
CHAP.
9
FOreshortning
is
when
by
art
the
whole
is
concluded
into
one
part
,
which
onely
appeareth
to
the
sight
:
as
if
I
should
paint
a
ship
vpon
the
sea
,
yet
there
should
appeare
vnto
you
but
her
fore
part
,
the
reste
imagined
hid
,
or
likewise
an
horse
with
his
brest
and
head
looking
full
in
my
face
,
I
must
of
necessity
foreshorten
him
behinde
because
his
sides
and
flanks
appeare
not
vnto
me
:
this
kind
of
draught
is
willingly
ouerslipt
by
ordinary
painters
for
want
of
cunning
and
skill
to
performe
it
;
and
you
shall
see
not
one
thing
among
an
hundred
among
them
drawn
in
this
manner
,
but
after
the
ordinary
fashion
side
waies
,
&
that
but
lamely
neither
:
I
neuer
beheld
more
absolute
skil
in
his
kind
then
in
some
of
the
Pageantes
at
the
coronation
of
his
Maiesty
;
but
I
would
not
haue
you
meddle
with
it
till
you
were
growen
very
cunning
in
pour
plaine
Draught
.
The
vse
of
foreshortning
.
THe
vse
of
foreshortning
is
to
expresse
all
manner
of
action
in
man
or
beast
,
to
represent
many
things
in
a
little
room
,
to
giue
or
shew
sundry
sides
of
Citties
,
castles
,
forts
,
&c
,
at
one
time
.
Of
Landt-skip
.
CHAP.
10.
LAndtskip
is
a
Dutch
word
,
&
it
is
as
much
as
wee
shoulde
say
in
English
landship
,
or
expressing
of
the
land
by
hills
,
woodes
,
Castles
,
seas
,
valleys
,
ruines
,
hanging
rocks
,
Citties
,
Townes
,
&c.
as
farre
as
may
bee
shewed
within
our
Horizon
.
Seldome
it
is
drawne
by
it selfe
,
but
in
respect
&
for
the
sake
of
some
thing
els
:
wherfore
it
falleth
out
among
those
thing
which
we
call
Parerga
,
which
are
additions
or
adiuncts
rather
of
ornament
,
than
otherwise
necessary
:
as
for
example
I
should
Draw
the
citty
of
London
,
I
would
beside
the
citty
it
selse
,
shew
in
vacant
places
(
as
far
as
my
table
or
Horizon
would
giue
me
leaue
)
the
Country
round
about
,
as
Shooters
hill
,
and
the
high
way
winding
vp
there
between
the
woods
,
the
Thames
to
grow
lesse
and
lesse
,
&
appearing
as
it
were
a
dozen
mile
of
,
heer
and
there
scattered
with
shippes
and
boats
:
Greenwitch
with
the
tower
there
and
such
like
,
all
which
are
beside
my
purpose
,
because
I
was
tied
to
nothing
but
the
citty
itselfe
:
this
kind
of
all
other
is
most
pleasing
,
because
it
feedeth
the
eie
with
varietie
.
Before
you
make
your
Landskp
,
you
must
haue
perfected
all
your
other
work
,
&
let
that
be
the
last
:
you
may
draw
it
at
your
discretion
(
except
you
be
tied
to
the
contrary
,
&
make
it
either
plaine
,
hilly
,
all
sea
,
&c:
as
for
your
superficies
I
meane
of
rising
or
declining
of
the
ground
with
hilles
or
Dales
,
let
it
fall
out
how
it
will
,
because
you
cannot
drawe
it
so
rough
with
hills
,
or
with
so
euen
a
plainnes
but
the
earth
hath
the
like
in
on
place
or
other
.
Generall
rules
for
Landtskip
.
YOu
shall
alwaies
in
your
Landtskip
shewe
a
fair
Horizon
,
and
expresse
the
heauen
more
or
lesse
either
ouercast
by
clouds
,
or
with
a
cleare
sky
,
shewing
the
sunne
rising
or
setting
ouer
some
hill
or
other
:
you
shall
seldome
,
except
vpon
necessity
,
shew
the
moone
or
stars
,
because
we
imagin
al
things
to
be
seene
by
day
.
2.
Yf
you
shew
the
Sunne
,
let
all
the
light
of
your
trees
,
hils
,
Rocks
,
building
&c
be
giuen
thitherward
:
shadow
also
your
clouds
from
the
sunne
:
and
you
must
be
very
dainty
in
lessening
your
bodies
by
their
distance
&
haue
a
regard
,
the
farther
your
Landsskip
goeth
to
those
vniuersalia
which
as
Aristotle
saith
(
Poster
.
1.
in
respect
of
theyre
particulars
concealed
from
our
sences
)
are
notiora
:
as
in
discerning
a
building
10
or
12
miles
off
,
I
cannot
tell
whether
it
bee
Church
,
Castle
,
gentlemans
house
,
or
the
like
:
So
that
in
drawing
of
it
I
must
expresse
no
particular
signe
as
bell
,
portculleis
&c
,
but
shew
it
as
weakly
and
as
faintly
as
mine
eie
iudgeth
of
it
,
,
because
all
those
particulars
are
taken
away
by
the
greatnes
of
the
distance
.
I
haue
seen
a
man
painted
comming
downe
a
hill
some
mile
and
a
halfe
from
mee
,
as
I
iudged
by
the
Landtskip
,
yet
might
you
haue
told
all
the
buttons
ofhis
dublet
:
whether
the
painter
had
a
suttle
inuention
,
or
the
fellows
buttons
were
as
big
as
those
in
fashion
when
Mounseir
came
into
England
,
I
wil
leaue
it
(
friendly
reader
)
to
thy
iudgement
.
If
you
laie
your
Landtskip
in
coloures
,
the
farther
you
goe
,
the
more
you
must
lighten
it
with
a
thinne
and
aiery
blew
,
to
make
it
seeme
farre
off
,
beginning
it
first
with
a
darke
greene
,
so
driuing
it
by
degrees
into
a
blew
,
which
the
densitie
of
the
air
betweene
our
sighte
and
that
place
doth
(
onely
imaginarily
)
effect
:
your
eie
may
easily
bee
deceiued
in
remote
thinges
,
that
is
when
the
bodies
appeare
to
your
sighte
farre
bi
gger
then
indeede
they
are
,
by
the
corruption
(
as
wee
saie
)
of
the
Medium
:
as
for
example
,
the
Sunne
and
Moone
at
their
rising
or
Setting
,
you
see
,
seeme
farre
bigger
then
when
they
are
mounted
ouer
our
heades
in
the
Zenith
:
the
reason
is
the
thicknesse
or
corruption
,
as
I
sayd
,
of
the
ayre
or
Medium
;
which
(
beeing
morning
and
Euening
subiect
to
vapours
)
dooth
participate
and
multiply
the
quality
of
the
obiect
:
the
same
reason
is
giuen
of
a
Seamew
or
stake
that
(
beeing
fowre
or
fiue
miles
from
you
,
neere
the
Sea
)
will
seeme
as
big
as
a
Swanne
,
or
greate
Snowball
:
or
of
a
twelue-pence
,
or
apple
cast
into
a
cleare
riuer
:
to
take
thereof
iust
and
true
Landtskip
,
neuer
go
foorth
in
a
morning
or
euening
,
(
but
in
the
middest
of
the
day
:
)
for
doubtlesse
you
will
bee
deceiued
.
An
honest
yeoman
and
a
friend
of
myne
was
in
this
manner
notablely
coesoned
in
buiyng
a
bargain
of
Timber
by
the
greate
in
a
mystie
or
rimie
morning
,
(
the
trees
seeming
bigger
then
they
were
)
in
a
manner
to
his
vndooing
:
but
I
feare
mee
,
within
these
few
yeares
the
mistes
will
bee
so
thicke
,
wee
shall
see
no
wood
at
all
.
Of
Draperie
.
CHAP.
11.
DRapery
(
so
called
of
the
French
word
Drap
,
which
is
cloth
)
principallie
consisteth
in
the
true
making
and
folding
your
garment
,
giuing
to
euery
folde
his
proper
naturall
doubling
and
shadow
;
which
is
a
great
skil
&
scarce
attained
vnto
by
any
of
our
country
and
ordinary
painters
:
insomuch
that
if
I
woulde
make
triall
of
a
good
workman
;
I
would
finde
him
quickly
by
the
folding
of
a
garment
,
or
the
shadowing
of
a
gowne
,
sheet
,
or
such
like
:
but
to
auoide
folding
,
you
shall
see
our
common
painters
set
foorth
their
men
&
women
,
with
lace
,
fringe
,
pinckings
,
&c.
which
makes
as
fayre
a
shew
as
the
best
.
The
Method
now
to
bee
obserued
in
Draperie
,
is
to
drawe
first
the
outmost
or
extreame
lines
of
your
garment
,
as
you
will
,
full
or
narrow
,
and
leaue
wide
and
spare
places
,
where
you
thinke
you
shall
haue
need
of
folds
;
drawe
your
greater
foldes
alwaies
first
,
not
letting
any
line
touch
,
or
directly
crosse
another
,
for
then
shall
you
bring
an
irrecouerable
confusion
into
your
work
:
when
you
haue
so
done
,
break
your
greater
folds
vnto
lesse
,
which
shall
be
conteined
within
them
:
I
would
giue
you
an
example
,
but
euery
print
will
shew
you
the
like
;
all
your
folds
consist
of
two
lines
and
no
more
,
which
you
may
turne
with
the
garment
at
your
pleasure
:
beginne
your
maine
and
greatest
folds
,
from
the
skirt
vp
ward
,
and
the
closer
the
garmentes
sitte
,
the
narrower
you
must
make
them
:
for
the
shadowing
of
euery
seuerall
folde
,
obserue
the
first
rule
I
gaue
you
in
the
Chapter
of
shadowing
,
and
spare
not
to
shaddowe
your
foldes
,
(
bee
they
neuer
so
curiously
contriued
)
if
they
fall
inwarde
from
the
light
,
with
the
double
or
treble
shadow
;
as
you
shall
see
occasion
:
for
the
shadow
take
his
place
in
one
and
the
same
manner
aswell
in
folding
as
without
:
some
haue
vsed
to
drawe
the
body
naked
first
,
and
after
to
haue
put
on
the
apparrell
,
but
I
holde
it
as
an
idle
conceipte
,
and
to
small
purpose
.
Generall
obseruations
and
rules
for
Draperie
.
Your
greater
folds
must
be
continued
thoroughout
the
whole
garment
,
the
lesser
you
may
break
and
shorten
at
your
pleasure
.
The
shadowes
of
all
manner
of
silkes
,
and
fine
linnen
are
very
thick
,
and
fine
,
so
that
your
foldes
must
not
onely
be
little
,
but
their
shadow
or
deepning
verie
light
,
and
rare
,
which
commonly
at
the
most
is
but
a
double
shadow
giuen
with
a
new
,
and
the
finest
penne
.
You
must
not
vse
much
folding
where
the
garments
ought
to
sit
close
or
any
eminency
appeare
,
as
commonly
there
doth
in
the
brests
of
a
woman
,
the
armes
,
belly
,
thighes
,
legges
,
&c:
but
to
shewe
Arte
,
you
shall
leaue
the
forme
of
the
brest
,
leg
,
&c
to
appeare
thorough
,
which
you
may
doe
by
shadowing
the
brest
or
leg
,
(
after
you
draw
it
)
on
one
or
either
side
,
leauing
it
white
.
As
I
tolde
before
of
the
light
,
so
must
you
in
your
draperie
haue
a
care
of
the
winde
and
motion
of
the
ayre
,
for
driuing
your
loose
apparell
all
one
waie
,
which
I
haue
seene
well
obserued
in
many
excellent
peeces
.
Of
Diapering
.
CHAP.
12.
DIapering
is
deriued
(
as
I
take
it
of
the
Greeke
verbe
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
which
is
,
iraijcio
or
transeo
,
in
English
to
passe
or
cast
ouer
,
&
it
is
nothing
els
but
a
light
tracing
or
running
ouer
with
your
pen
(
in
Damaske
branches
,
and
such
like
)
your
other
worke
when
you
haue
quite
done
(
I
meane
foldes
,
shadowing
and
all
)
it
chiefly
serueth
to
counterfeite
cloth
of
gold
,
Siluer
,
Damaske
brancht
,
veluet
,
chamlet
,
&c:
with
what
branche
and
in
what
fashion
you
list
.
If
you
diaper
vpon
folds
,
let
your
worke
be
broken
,
&
taken
as
it
were
by
the
halfe
:
for
reason
telleth
you
that
your
fold
must
couer
so
mewhat
vnseene
,
which
being
drawn
forth
at
length
and
laid
plaine
sheweth
all
faire
and
perfect
:
as
Ouid
saith
of
Tapistry
.
Sic
vbi
tolluntur
festis
aulaea
theatris
,
Surgere
Signa
Solent
,
primumque
ostendere
vultus
:
Caetera
paulatim
placidoque
educta
tenore
,
Metam
.
3.
Tota
patent
You
must
moreouer
in
drapering
,
let
your
work
fall
out
so
,
that
there
may
be
an
affinity
one
part
with
the
other
,
maintaining
one
branche
or
the
same
worke
throughout
,
setting
the
fairest
in
the
most
eminent
place
,
and
causing
it
to
runne
vpward
:
otherwise
one
might
imagine
some
foolish
Tailor
had
cut
out
his
Ladies
gown
the
wrong
way
.
To
make
a
chamlet
you
shall
draw
but
fiue
lines
waued
ouerthwart
,
if
your
drapering
consist
of
a
double
line
;
you
may
either
shadow
the
ground
,
&
leaue
it
white
,
or
shadow
your
work
and
leaue
the
ground
white
:
as
you
shall
thinke
good
,
in
this
kind
your
filling
may
be
with
smal
pricks
of
your
pens
end
,
which
will
shew
faire
.
Of
Antique
.
CHAP.
13.
ANTIQVE
so
called
ab
antiquitate
,
because
the
inuention
and
vse
therof
aboue
all
other
kinds
among
the
Graecians
especially
was
most
auncient
and
in
greatest
request
,
the
Italian
calleth
it
L'antica
:
it
hath
the
principall
vse
in
plate
,
clocks
,
armour
,
all
manner
of
compartmentes
,
curious
Architecture
,
borders
of
maps
,
&c:
Though
you
shall
seldome
haue
any
greate
vse
of
it
,
yet
I
woulde
haue
you
know
what
it
is
,
and
what
to
obserue
in
it
:
The
forme
of
it
is
a
generall
,
and
(
as
I
maye
say
)
an
vnnaturall
or
vnorderly
composition
for
delight
sake
,
of
men
,
beasts
,
birds
,
fishes
,
flowers
,
&c
without
(
as
wee
say
)
Rime
or
reason
,
for
the
greater
variety
you
shew
in
your
inuention
,
the
more
you
please
,
but
remembring
to
obserue
a
method
or
continuation
of
one
and
the
same
thing
throughout
your
whole
work
without
change
or
altering
.
You
may
,
if
you
list
,
draw
naked
boyes
riding
and
playing
with
their
paper-mills
or
bubble-shels
vppon
Goates
,
Eagles
,
Dolphins
&c:
the
bones
of
a
Rammes
head
hung
with
strings
of
beads
and
Ribands
,
Satyres
,
Tritons
,
apes
,
Cornu-copia's
,
Dogges
yoackt
&c
drawing
cowcūmers
,
cherries
&
any
kind
of
wild
trail
or
vinet
after
your
owne
inuention
,
with
a
thousand
more
such
idle
toyes
,
so
that
heerein
you
cannot
bee
too
fantastical
.
The
late
dutch
peers
in
this
kind
excel
all
others
,
and
certainly
I
know
not
by
what
destinie
the
Germanes
haue
wonne
vnto
them
(
aboue
other
nations
)
the
glory
of
inuention
,
generally
in
picture
:
for
except
it
bee
a
dutch
peece
,
you
shall
haue
it
either
lame
,
ill
cut
,
false
shadowed
or
subiect
to
some
such
grosse
error
.
Wherfore
,
not
without
reason
,
Bodine
calleth
The
country
officinam
hominum
a
shoppe
of
men
,
as
from
whence
a
man
might
bee
hadde
for
all
turnes
,
either
Deuine
,
Phisitian
,
Souldier
painter
,
&c.
Though
much
I
confesse
may
be
imputed
to
the
industrie
of
that
Nation
:
(
for
none
in
the
worlde
are
more
painefull
then
they
)
yet
without
question
the
people
of
themselues
,
as
they
ar
in
genious
&
capable
of
all
other
arts
,
so
naturally
they
are
inclined
to
this
of
Painting
:
Since
the
greatest
persons
among
them
as
Dukes
,
Earles
,
and
in
a
manner
all
the
Gentlemen
doe
beare
an
inbred
loue
to
drawing
,
and
of
themselues
by
theyre
owne
practise
growe
manie
times
wonderfull
expert
heerein
:
yet
none
at
this
daie
who
fauoureth
a
good
picture
,
or
any
excellency
in
that
kind
,
more
then
Rodulph
the
Emperour
now
liuing
.
Of
Drawing
beasts
,
birds
,
flowers
,
&c
,
CHAP.
14.
YOV
shall
finde
amonge
beastes
some
more
harder
to
bee
drawne
then
others
for
two
respectes
,
one
is
for
a
clean
making
and
shape
,
together
with
a
finenes
of
the
cote
or
skin
:
the
other
for
theyr
nimblenes
and
much
action
,
both
which
you
may
for
example
see
to
fal
out
in
a
horse
,
whose
lineamentes
are
both
passing
curious
,
and
coate
so
fine
,
that
many
sinews
yea
and
the
smallest
vaines
muste
be
showen
in
him
,
besides
whose
action
is
so
diuers
,
that
for
hardnesse
of
draughte
I
know
not
anie
one
beast
maye
bee
compared
to
the
horse
;
for
sometime
you
muste
drawe
him
in
his
carreer
with
his
manage
,
&
turne
,
doing
the
Coruetto
,
leaping
,
&c.
which
you
shall
not
find
in
the
Elephant
,
Cowe
,
Beare
,
or
hogg
as
beeing
beasts
heauy
and
sloathfull
by
nature
:
moreouer
wanting
that
finenes
of
coat
or
hide
,
so
that
you
shall
escape
a
greate
trouble
in
shewing
vains
,
knitting
of
Ioints
,
with
the
eminency
almost
of
euery
bone
in
them
,
which
you
haue
in
a
horse
and
greyhound
.
Now
for
the
manner
of
drawing
these
or
any
other
beast
whatsoeuer
:
begin
with
your
lead
or
coale
(
as
before
I
told
you
and
gaue
you
a
generall
rule
)
at
the
forehead
,
drawing
downward
the
nose
,
mouth
,
vpper
and
nether
chap
,
ending
your
line
at
the
throat
,
then
learching
it
again
where
you
began
,
from
the
forehead
ouer
the
head
,
eares
,
and
neck
:
continuing
it
till
you
haue
giuen
the
full
compasse
of
the
buttock
,
but
I
will
giue
you
an
example
.
I
Begin
in
this
Lion
my
firste
stroke
at
A
,
bringing
it
down
to
B
,
making
the
nose
,
mouth
,
and
nether
chap
with
one
line
,
as
you
se
;
there
I
rest
:
then
fetch
I
that
line
forward
behind
by
S
:
making
the
compas
ofhis
mane
by
pricks
with
my
penne
(
because
if
I
shoulde
make
a
line
,
I
could
not
make
it
iagged
)
then
bring
I
the
back
down
to
the
taile
or
D
,
leauing
a
little
space
for
it
,
I
continue
my
line
from
thence
to
E
,
or
the
heele
,
where
I
rest
:
then
begin
I
again
at
B
,
and
making
the
breast
with
the
eminency
thereof
I
stay
at
F
,
bringing
out
his
neere
fore foote
,
which
I
finish
:
then
begin
I
at
G
not
stirring
my
hand
till
I
come
to
the
foot
or
paw
at
H
;
wher
I
finish
it
quite
at
E
,
or
the
heele
.
I
next
draw
from
his
bellie
two
strokes
at
I
and
K
:
I
make
the
other
legge
behind
,
than
the
right
fore
foot
issuing
from
the
brest
:
them
I
finish
the
tail
,
clawes
,
toung
,
teeth
,
beard
,
and
last
of
al
the
shadowing
:
which
method
you
shall
obserue
in
all
beasts
howsoeuer
they
stand
.
Obseruations
of
the
shadowing
.
YOV
see
him
shadowed
on
the
back
side
from
CD
,
vnto
E
,
the
reason
is
the
light
beateth
on
his
fore
parte
,
wherefore
os
necessity
the
shadowe
must
be
in
euery
parte
behinde
,
eare
mane
,
back
,
hinder
legge
,
&c.
But
you
maie
say
,
how
happeneth
it
then
,
that
his
nether
chap
and
some
part
of
his
throat
&
belly
are
shadowed
being
both
with
the
light
?
I
answeare
the
light
of
it
own
nature
can
neuer
fall
vnder
,
but
take
the
place
aboue
or
in
the
vpper
part
,
which
place
is
heer
praepossessed
by
the
vpper
&
nether
chap
,
which
as
you
see
fall
in
between
as
likewise
the
forfoot
to
the
belly
,
which
cause
a
shadow
in
either
of
those
places
.
The
treble
shadow
as
it
ought
is
giuen
to
the
most
in
ward
places
:
It
your
beast
bee
not
in
charge
,
that
is
not
in
armes
,
and
you
are
to
shew
the
ground
vnder
his
feete
;
you
must
make
his
farther
feet
on
the
other
side
somwhat
shorter
then
those
next
you
:
the
reason
is
,
that
distance
of
earth
betweene
them
deceiueth
the
sight
,
causing
the
neerer
to
seem
longest
:
as
you
may
see
by
opening
or
stretching
your
fore
and
middle
finger
like
a
paire
of
compasses
long
waies
from
you
,
vpon
a
boord
or
table
,
drawing
them
with
your
pen
as
they
stand
,
and
obseruing
the
space
betweene
.
Beasts
more
hard
to
be
drawn
for
their
shape
and
action
.
-
The
Lion
.
-
The
Horse
.
-
The
Rhinoceros
.
-
The
Vnicorne
.
-
The
Stagge
.
-
The
Lucerne
.
-
The
Grey-hound
.
-
The
Hiena
.
-
The
Leopard
.
-
The
Ownce
.
-
The
Tiger
.
-
The
Panther
.
-
The
Ape
,
&c.
Others
more
easie
.
-
The
Elephant
.
-
The
Dromedary
.
-
The
Camel
.
-
The
Beare
.
-
The
Asse
.
-
The
Hogge
.
-
The
Sheepe
.
-
The
Badger
.
-
The
Porc-espine
.
-
The
Wolfe
.
-
The
Foxe
.
-
The
Cow
.
-
The
Otter
.
-
The
Hare
.
-
The
Coney
.
-
The
All
maner
rough
-
The
&
shag
hair
dogs
In
drawing
these
and
all
other
beasts
,
the
better
you
obserue
their
shape
and
action
,
the
better
shall
you
please
,
and
your
iudgement
be
commended
,
wherefore
a
painter
had
need
to
be
well
seene
in
Naturall
Philosophie
.
The
meanest
workeman
can
drawe
the
ordinary
shape
of
a
Lion
,
when
scarce
the
best
of
them
all
know
,
that
his
hinder
partes
are
so
smal
,
that
there
is
in
a
manner
a
disproportion
betweene
his
forepart
and
them
:
so
that
if
I
should
drawe
him
in
this
manner
among
our
ordinarie
painters
,
my
work
would
be
condemned
as
lame
,
when
I
deserued
most
commendation
.
Moreouer
if
you
aske
a
Country
painter
whether
he
could
draw
a
Crocodile
or
no
,
hee
will
make
noe
question
of
it
,
when
as
except
he
trauailed
through
Aegypt
,
or
met
with
Aristotle
in
English
,
all
the
wit
he
had
could
not
so
much
as
set
the
chaps
right
,
or
giue
the
future
truely
in
the
head
to
,
shew
the
motion
of
his
vpper-chap
,
which
no
creature
in
the
world
mooueth
,
saue
onely
he
.
If
you
draw
your
beast
in
an
Embleme
or
such
like
,
A
lantskip
must
be
giuen
to
euery
beast
according
to
his
Country
you
shall
sometime
shew
a
lant-skip
(
as
it
is
ordinarily
obserued
by
Iudicious
workemen
)
of
the
country
natural
to
that
beast
,
as
to
the
Rhinoceros
an
East-indian
Lantskip
,
the
Crocodile
an
Aegyptian
,
by
laying
the
ground
low
without
hills
,
many
woods
of
palme-tres
,
heere
and
there
the
ruine
of
a
Pyramis
,
and
so
forth
of
the
rest
.
Of
birds
.
There
is
les
difficulty
in
drawing
birds
than
beasts
,
&
least
of
all
in
flowers
,
yet
art
and
needful
directions
to
be
obserued
in
all
of
them
:
begin
your
draught
in
a
bird
,
as
I
said
,
at
the
head
,
and
beware
of
making
it
too
big
:
Van
Londerseel's
peeces
are
much
to
blame
for
this
fault
,
for
in
most
of
them
the
heads
of
all
his
birds
are
to
great
by
a
third
part
,
neither
is
that
fault
proper
to
him
alone
,
but
to
many
good
workemen
els
.
You
shall
best
remedy
that
by
causing
a
bird
to
be
held
or
tied
in
a
clouen
stick
before
you
,
where
you
shall
take
with
your
compasses
a
true
proportion
,
which
afterwards
you
may
conclude
into
as
small
a
forme
as
you
list
:
there
is
not
the
same
reason
of
proportion
(
it
is
true
)
in
the
heads
and
bodies
of
all
birds
alike
,
but
hereby
you
shall
euer
after
bee
acquainted
with
a
reasonable
proportion
,
which
though
you
hit
not
iustly
,
you
shall
come
very
neere
:
hauing
drawne
the
head
,
bring
from
vnder
the
throat
,
the
brest
line
,
downe
to
the
legs
;
there
stay
:
and
begin
at
the
pineon
to
make
the
wing
,
which
being
ioined
with
the
back
line
is
presently
finished
:
the
eie
,
legs
,
and
traine
must
be
the
last
,
and
(
as
I
told
you
before
in
beasts
)
let
the
farther
leg
euer
be
shortest
.
the
feathers
as
the
hayre
in
beasts
,
must
take
their
beginning
●t
the
head
very
small
,
and
in
fine
rankes
fall
backward
greater
and
greater
,
as
this
your
example
sheweth
.
Of
flowers
,
flies
,
&c.
For
flowers
,
flies
and
such
like
,
I
wil
leaue
them
(
being
things
of
smal
moment
)
to
your
own
discretion
,
counselling
you
at
your
leasure
when
you
walke
abroad
into
the
fields
,
to
gather
and-keep
them
in
little
boxes
vntill
you
shall
haue
occasion
to
vse
them
.
To
draw
a
flower
begin
it
ab
vmbone
,
or
the
bosse
in
the
midst
:
as
in
a
Rose
,
there
is
a
yealowe
tuft
,
which
being
first
made
,
draw
your
lines
equally
diuided
,
from
thence
to
the
line
of
your
compas
,
which
you
are
first
to
giue
,
and
then
the
worst
is
past
.
You
may
shew
your
flower
,
either
open
and
faire
in
the
bud
,
laden
with
deawe
and
wette
,
wormeaten
,
the
leaues
dropt
away
with
ouerripenes
&c:
and
as
your
flower
,
so
first
draw
rudely
your
leaues
,
making
them
plaine
with
your
coale
or
lead
,
before
you
giue
them
their
vaines
or
Iaggednesse
.
For
Butterflies
,
Brees
,
wasps
,
grashoppers
,
&
such
like
,
which
wee
call
Insecta
,
most
of
them
are
easie
to
be
drawne
,
and
not
hard
to
be
laid
in
colours
:
because
the
colours
of
many
of
them
are
simple
,
and
without
composition
,
as
perfect
red
,
black
,
blew
,
yellow
,
&c:
which
euerye
ordinary
painter
may
laie
,
who
if
they
should
bee
put
(
by
mixture
of
many
colours
)
to
make
that
purple
of
a
pigeons
neck
,
or
giue
the
perfect
colour
but
of
a
Daw
or
Iay
,
you
should
see
them
at
their
wits
end
.
In
the
moneths
of
Iune
and
Iuly
,
you
may
gather
of
all
manner
of
flies
,
which
you
may
preserue
all
the
yeere
,
eyther
in
close
boxes
,
or
sticking
them
with
a
pinne
seuerally
vpon
small
papers
:
Butterflies
are
where
store
of
Thistles
and
Lauender
is
,
your
Brees
by
ponds
and
Riuers
sides
Notable
absurdities
to
be
auotded
in
draught
.
CHAP.
XV.
THE
first
absurdity
is
of
proportion
Naturall
,
commonly
called
lamenesse
,
that
is
when
any
1
Of
lamenes
part
or
member
is
disproportionable
to
the
whole
body
,
or
seemeth
thorough
the
Ignorance
of
the
painter
to
be
wrested
from
his
naturall
place
and
motion
:
As
in
the
roofe
of
the
Quire
in
Peter-borough
Minster
,
you
may
see
Saint
Peter
painted
,
his
head
very
neere
or
altogether
as
bigge
as
his
middle
:
and
it
is
ordinary
in
country
houses
to
see
horsemen
painted
,
and
the
rider
a
great
deale
bigger
then
his
horse
.
The
second
is
of
Landtskippe
,
or
Local
distance
,
2
Of
locall
distance
.
as
I
haue
seene
painted
a
Church
,
and
some
halfe
a
mile
beyond
it
the
vicaredge
;
yet
the
Vicars
chimney
drawne
bigger
then
the
steeple
by
a
third
parte
,
which
being
lesse
of
it selfe
,
ought
also
to
bee
much
more
abated
by
the
distance
.
The
third
absurdity
is
of
accident
of
time
,
that
is
when
wee
fashion
or
attribute
the
proprieties
of
ancient
3
Accident
of
Time
.
Iud.
7.
times
to
those
of
ours
,
or
ours
to
theirs
:
As
not
long
since
I
founde
painted
in
an
Inne
Bethulia
besieged
by
Holophernes
,
where
the
painter
,
as
if
it
had
beene
at
Ostend
,
made
his
East
and
West
batteries
,
with
great
ordinance
&
small
shot
playing
from
the
walls
,
when
you
know
that
ordinance
was
not
inuented
of
two
thousand
yeers
after
.
The
fourth
is
in
expressing
passion
or
the
disposition
4
In
expressing
the
passion
or
disposition
of
the
mind
.
Qualisequos
Threissa
fatigat
Harpalice
.
Aeneid
.
1.
5
Of
drapery
of
the
minde
,
as
to
draw
Mars
like
young
Hippolitus
with
an
amiable
or
effeminate
countenaunce
,
or
Venus
like
an
Amazon
,
or
that
same
hotspurd
Harpalice
in
Virgil
,
this
proceedeth
of
too
sencelesse
and
ouercold
a
iudgement
.
The
fift
is
of
Draperie
or
attire
,
in
not
obseruing
a
decorum
in
garments
proper
to
euery
seuerall
condition
and
calling
,
as
not
giuing
to
a
King
his
Robes
of
Estate
,
with
their
proper
furres
and
linings
:
To
Religious
persons
an
habite
fitting
with
humilitie
and
contempt
of
the
world
;
A
notable
example
of
this
kinde
I
found
in
a
Gentlemans
hall
,
which
was
King
Salomon
sitting
in
his
throne
with
a
deepe
lac'd
gentlewomans
Ruffe
,
and
a
Rebatoe
about
his
neck
,
vppon
his
head
a
blacke
veluet
Cap
with
a
white
feather
;
the
Queene
of
Sheba
kneeling
before
him
in
a
loose
bodied
gowne
,
and
a
French-hood
.
The
sixt
and
last
of
shadowing
,
as
I
haue
seen
painted
6
Of
shadowing
.
the
flame
of
a
candle
,
and
the
light
therof
on
one
side
shadowed
3
parts
:
when
there
ought
to
haue
bin
none
at
all
,
because
there
is
vndequaque
lumen
,
which
may
cause
a
shadow
but
take
none
.