THE
FIRST
BOOKE
of
Drawing
and
Limming
.
CHAP.
I.
The
excellency
,
and
antiqu●tie
of
Painting
,
the
manifold
vses
,
and
necessitie
of
the
sam●
.
PAinting
in
generall
called
in
Latine
Pictura
,
in
Greeke
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
is
an
Art
,
which
eyther
by
draught
of
bare
lines
,
liuely
colours
,
cutting
out
or
embossing
,
expresseth
any
thing
the
like
by
the
same
:
which
we
may
finde
in
the
holy
Scripture
both
allowed
and
highly
commended
by
the
mouth
of
God
himselfe
,
where
he
calleth
Bezaleel
and
Aholia
,
Exodus
31.
men
whom
he
hath
filled
with
the
spirit
o●
God
in
wisedome
and
vnderstanding
,
and
in
knowledge
,
and
in
all
workmanship
,
to
finde
out
curious
works
,
to
worke
in
gold
,
and
in
siluer
,
and
in
brasse
,
also
in
the
art
to
set
stones
,
and
to
carue
in
timber
,
&c.
There
plainly
shewing
,
as
all
other
good
Arts
,
so
caruing
or
drawing
to
be
an
especiall
gift
of
Gods
Spirit
.
In
another
place
he
goeth
farther
,
and
as
it
were
challengeth
solely
to
himselfe
the
mastership
of
the
companie
in
that
his
Maiestique
Erotema
in
Iob
in
these
words
.
Iob.
39.16
.
Hast
thou
giuen
the
pleasant
wings
vnto
the
Peacocks
?
and
wings
and
feathers
vnto
the
Ostrich
?
whereas
disabling
the
wit
and
skill
of
man
by
his
owne
excellency
,
he
giueth
vs
to
admire
that
ad●irable
wisdom
of
his
in
distinguishing
so
many
beautifull
colours
from
the
wings
of
the
proud
Peacocke
and
Ostrich
,
euen
vnto
the
poore
Butterflie
,
so
that
astonished
with
Aristotle
,
I
may
say
euen
in
these
little
painted
creatur●s
there
is
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
some
wonder
or
other
,
and
in
the
very
border
of
one
of
their
wings
an
euident
●aste
of
the
diuine
omnipotencie
.
But
as
Picture
hath
beene
allowed
of
God
,
so
it
hath
aswell
among
the
Christians
as
heathen
beene
honoured
from
all
antiquitie
,
and
euer
found
fauour
with
the
greatest
wits
&
mightiest
Monarches
of
the
world
,
insomuch
as
Aristotle
in
his
Poli●iques
accounteth
it
amongst
those
liberalia
Paideumata
,
and
counselleth
it
as
an
especiall
thing
to
be
taught
vnto
children
,
and
not
long
after
by
the
authoritie
and
labour
of
Eupompus
a
learned
Geometrician
,
it
was
taught
in
all
Schooles
throughout
Greece
.
But
some
wil
tell
me
Mechanical
arts
,
and
those
wrought
with
the
hand
are
for
the
most
part
base
,
and
vnworthy
the
practise
of
great
personages
,
and
Gentlemen
:
I
confesse
Diuine
D●
Bartas
hath
said
of
such
L'e●r
esprit
●e'n
●uit
a●
bout
des
doigts
.
●ar●as
.
Semaine
.
1.
But
for
as
much
as
their
ends
are
honest
,
and
themselues
but
the
exercises
of
pregnant
and
the
finest
wits
,
I
see
no
reason
(
as
one
saith
)
why
nature
should
be
so
much
wronged
in
her
intention
,
as
not
to
produce
at
her
pleasure
that
into
action
whereto
she
is
well
inclined
.
E●am
.
de
Ingen●●
.
And
surely
it
can
bee
no
more
disgrace
to
a
great
Lord
to
draw
a
faire
Picture
,
then
to
cut
his
Ha●kes
meat
,
or
play
at
Tennis
with
his
Page
.
Achilles
thought
it
no
scorne
to
be
so
cunning
in
cookery
,
that
when
certaine
Embassadors
came
vnto
him
,
he
with
his
owne
handes
dressed
them
a
great
and
royall
Supper
.
And
Homer
to
no
small
commendation
of
his
Vlysses
(
vnder
whose
person
he
ma●keth
an
absolute
wise
man
)
reporteth
,
that
he
could
make
his
ships
himselfe
.
Qu●nt●s
Fabius
(
whose
familie
was
one
of
the
noblest
in
Rome
,
Ru●ilius
in
vitae
Quint.
Fab●●
pic●or●●
.
and
after
had
the
sirname
of
Pictores
)
with
his
owne
hands
painted
the
wals
of
the
Temple
of
Salus
,
and
wrote
his
name
vnder
his
owne
worke
.
Pomponius
Atticus
a
man
of
singular
wisedome
,
and
so
much
beloued
of
Cicero
,
after
he
had
composed
a
Poeme
of
sundrie
deuises
,
beautified
the
same
with
pictures
of
his
owne
drawing
.
The
Emperour
Constantine
got
his
liuing
a
long
time
by
painting
,
Sigebert
in
Chronicis
.
and
in
Plinies
times
certaine
festiuall
daies
were
yearely
appointed
at
Corinth
for
the
exercise
of
picture
for
great
prizes
&
wagers
.
Since
Painting
then
hath
beene
so
well
esteemed
,
and
of
it
owne
nature
is
so
linked
with
the
other
Artes
,
as
many
of
them
can
hardly
stand
without
it
,
I
thinke
it
not
for
pleasure
onely
,
but
of
necessitie
most
needfull
to
be
practised
of
all
such
,
that
eyther
studie
the
Mathematikes
,
the
art
Militarie
,
or
purpose
to
trauell
for
the
benefit
of
their
friends
and
countrey
.
I
haue
heard
many
excellent
Captaines
and
Schollers
lament
so
great
a
want
in
themselues
,
otherwise
being
most
absolute
.
My
Scholler
then
I
would
make
choise
of
,
should
be
a
young
Gentlman
,
if
it
might
be
,
naturally
inclined
to
drawing
,
at
least
a
welwiller
and
louer
of
it
.
And
I
would
haue
in
him
,
as
Tully
wisheth
in
his
Orator
,
aliquid
redundans
&
quod
amputem
,
Cic●ro
1.
de
Orator●
.
A
prety
●antasticall
head
,
and
something
,
as
chippes
from
the
sound
timber
to
be
pared
off
,
to
which
commonly
the
best
wits
are
subiect
,
withall
daily
and
contnuall
practise
,
were
it
but
Apelles
his
vnica
linea
,
without
which
it
is
impossible
for
him
to
attaine
to
ready
draught
,
much
lesse
to
excellency
in
generall
.
The
beginning
and
progresse
of
Painting
.
CHAP.
II.
A
comparison
betweene
the
Painters
of
old
times
,
and
the
latter
,
the
great
value
and
prizes
of
Pictures
,
&c.
AElian
de
varia
Historia
.
lib.
10.
AElian
saith
,
Painters
at
the
first
were
such
bunglers
,
and
so
rude
,
that
when
they
drew
a
Cow
or
a
Hog
,
they
were
faine
to
write
ouer
the
head
what
it
was
,
otherwise
the
beholder
knew
not
what
to
make
of
it
;
but
in
short
time
they
grew
to
that
excellency
,
that
they
were
honoured
welnigh
as
Gods
,
as
Metrodor●s
the
Athenian
,
of
whom
,
as
of
some
other
that
were
the
most
famous
in
their
times
I
will
speake
a
word
or
two
,
as
well
for
methode
,
as
the
recreation
of
my
Reader
.
Apollodorus
among
the
Athenians
was
the
first
that
did
expresse
the
life
with
colours
.
Euphranor
hath
attributed
vnto
him
the
inuention
of
Emblemes
,
Impr●sa's
,
and
the
like
heroicall
deuises
,
and
was
the
first
obseruer
of
Simetry
,
whereof
he
wrote
many
volumes
.
Parrhasius
most
of
all
excelled
in
blacke
and
white
.
Pyreicus
(
as
Volaterane
saith
)
was
onely
famous
for
counterfaiting
all
base
things
,
as
earthen
pitchers
a
scullery
,
Rogues
together
by
the
eares
,
swine
tumbling
in
the
mire
,
&c.
whereupon
he
was
sirnamed
Rupographus
.
That
is
Painter
of
base
things
.
Aristides
was
the
most
excellent
of
his
time
for
expressing
sence
and
passion
,
as
in
that
peece
of
his
,
of
a
mother
deadly
wounded
,
and
giuing
her
child
sucke
,
in
whose
face
he
expressed
a
deadly
feare
,
as
loath
to
denie
it
foode
,
and
vnwilling
to
giue
it
the
teate
for
feare
of
killing
it
with
her
bloud
,
which
with
the
milke
issued
forth
in
great
abundance
.
This
Table
Alexander
caried
with
him
to
Pella
.
Protogenes
was
the
first
that
could
lay
his
colours
so
artificially
,
that
one
being
worne
off
,
a
fresh
should
succeede
to
the
number
of
foure
or
fiue
,
when
hee
would
vndertake
any
excellent
peece
,
he
vsed
to
di●t
himselfe
with
pease
,
lupines
,
and
the
like
,
that
his
inuention
might
be
the
more
quicke
and
refined
.
Amongst
his
works
his
Ialysus
or
Bacchus
was
the
chiefe
taken
at
the
Rhodes
by
Demetrius
Poliorcetes
;
Plutarch
in
Demetr
.
which
he
so
esteemed
,
that
(
as
Plutarch
reports
)
hee
sware
he
had
rather
loose
all
his
fathers
Images
then
that
Table
,
AElian
saith
it
was
seuen
yea●es
in
making
.
Ap●lles
who
liued
in
the
1012.
Olympiade●
excelled
all
the
rest
,
yet
for
action
he
gaue
place
to
Amphion
:
Among
his
peeces
,
the
picture
of
Alexander
at
Ephesus
,
and
his
Venus
which
he
left
at
his
death
vnperfect
in
Chios
were
the
chiefest
.
I
will
passe
ouer
the
artificiall
peeces
of
Zeuxis
,
L.
Manlius
,
De
quo
Cicero
lib.
1.
de
Oratore
.
Pacuuius
a
Tragedian
Poet
,
Metrodorus
before
named
,
an
excellent
Painter
,
and
withall
a
great
Philosopher
,
who
when
Lucius
Paulus
a
great
man
in
Rome
wrote
vnto
the
Vniuersitie
of
Athens
to
prouide
him
a
graue
and
learned
Schoolemaster
for
his
sonnes
,
was
chosen
by
the
generall
consent
of
the
whole
Vniuersity
,
as
the
fittest
man
both
to
bring
vp
his
children
,
and
to
adorne
his
triumphes
.
Nothing
inferiour
to
these
rare
Artistes
(
in
my
iudgement
)
haue
beene
our
painters
of
late
time
,
and
many
now
liuing
in
sundrie
parts
of
Europe
,
who
if
they
could
finde
an
Alexander
or
another
Demetrius
,
would
remaine
as
famous
to
posteritie
,
as
Apelles
,
or
the
best
of
them
all
haue
done
to
vs
,
neither
do
I
suppose
euery
thing
to
haue
beene
excellent
,
which
ouer
credulous
Authors
haue
writ
,
and
ignorant
antiquitie
admired
,
the
best
artes
being
then
in
their
in●ancie
,
whose
perfection
is
not
distilled
to
the
puritie
,
vntill
it
hath
runne
through
many
ages
:
what
times
shall
not
euer
admire
that
excellent
peece
of
Raphael
Vrbine
in
the
Church
of
S.
Victore
in
Millane
:
the
workmanship
of
Michael
Angelo
of
the
last
iudgement
in
the
Popes
Chappell
in
Rome
,
Her●ole
di
Ferrara
,
and
his
notable
art
seene
at
this
day
in
Bononia
Pisanello
,
who
so
beauti●ied
●he
Church
of
Laterane
in
Rome
,
Bellino
the
Ven●tian
,
whom
the
Turke
so
royally
rewarded
,
what
Apelles
could
excell
Petro
de
Burgo
for
perspectiue
,
Albert
Durer
for
drapery
,
Michael
Angelo
for
action
,
Goldzius
for
good
standing
,
and
bold
action
,
Hans
Holben
for
sence
and
the
life
,
Marcus
de
Siena
for
Sandtschap
,
with
infinite
others
,
as
Titianus
,
Antonio
de
Corregio
,
Caesar
Sestius
,
Zenale
Triuiliano
,
Francesco
Melzi
,
nor
must
I
be
ingratefully
vnmindfull
of
mine
owne
counrriemen
,
who
haue
beene
,
and
are
able
to
equal
the
best
,
if
occasion
serued
,
as
old
Mr.
Hiliard
,
Mr.
Isaac
Oliuer
inferiour
to
none
in
Christendome
for
the
countenance
in
small
,
my
good
friend
Mr.
Peake
and
Mr.
Marqu●s
for
oyle
colours
,
with
many
more
vnknowne
vnto
me
.
Neither
doth
our
countrey
want
her
Patrone●
and
fauourers
of
this
worthy
skil
,
as
first
the
Kings
most
excellent
Maiestie
,
Noble
Prince
Henry
,
to
whom
I
presented
not
long
since
his
fathers
Basilicon
Doron
,
which
I
had
turned
a
little
before
throughout
into
Latine
verse●
And
Emblemes
limmed
in
liuely
colours
,
which
he
gratiously
accepted
.
The
Right
Honourable
Robert
Earle
of
Salisburie
,
and
Lord
high
Treasurer
of
England
,
who
as
he
fauoureth
all
learning
and
excellencie
,
so
he
is
a
principall
patrone
of
this
art
,
hauing
lately
imployed
Mr.
Butler
and
many
other
excellent
Artistes
for
the
beautifying
of
his
houses
,
especially
his
Chappell
at
Hatfield
.
The
right
Honourable
the
Earles
of
Arundell
,
Worcester
,
South-hampton
,
Pembrooke
,
Suffolke
,
and
Northampton
,
with
many
Knights
and
Gentlemen
,
to
whom
our
masters
are
daily
beholden
.
Now
least
you
should
esteeme
ouer
basely
of
this
art
,
and
disdaine
to
haue
your
picture
,
because
you
may
haue
it
for
a
trifle
(
which
I
account
a
fault
in
many
of
our
good
workemen
)
I
will
tell
you
the
prices
of
some
peeces
of
note
aswell
in
ancient
times
,
as
of
late
daies
.
Caesar
the
Dictator
redeemed
the
tables
of
Ai●x
and
Medaea
for
eightie
talents
,
which
amount
to
24000
French
crownes
:
I
speake
with
the
least
,
because
take
the
lesser
Athenian
talent
(
for
generally
where
you
finde
this
word
Talentum
in
any
Latine
Author
,
as
in
Tullie
his
Oration
pro
C.
Rabirio
Postumo
,
and
in
Act
:
in
verrem
,
and
some
other
places
,
where
you
shall
finde
it
oftenest
,
you
must
vnderstand
the
Athenian
talent
,
except
you
haue
the
addition
of
AEgineum
,
Syrium
,
Babylonium
,
&c.
●udaeus
in
Asse
.
)
the
greater
(
as
Budaeus
saith
)
was
bigger
by
a
third
part
.
King
Attalus
paid
for
one
of
Aristides
peeces
an
hundred
talents
.
Hortensius
the
Orator
gaue
for
a
table
of
the
Argonauts
144.
talents
.
Mnason
paid
to
Asclepiodorus
for
the
twelue
Gods
after
three
hundred
pounds
sterling
a
peece
.
Candaules
King
of
Lydia
gaue
to
Bularchus
for
a
peece
of
his
,
the
weight
of
the
same
in
gold
.
The
Duke
of
Millane
rewarded
Raphael
Vrbine
as
many
ducats
as
couered
the
picture
of
a
great
breadth
which
he
had
made
for
him
.
Pope
Innocent
the
eight
,
a
worthy
louer
of
all
learning
,
and
ingenious
artes
,
bestowed
vpon
Andrea
Mantega
his
painter
in
the
Beluedere
of
Rome
two
thousand
ducats
for
a
monthes
paines
.
I
haue
also
heard
what
a
round
summe
was
offered
by
strangers
for
the
Altar
cloth
of
St.
Magnus
in
London
;
sundrie
other
examples
I
might
alledge
,
but
I
haue
said
enough
to
shew
that
art
hath
euer
beene
well
paid
her
hire
,
and
the
professors
thereof
beene
had
in
esteeme
with
the
worthiest
and
wisest
men
.
CHAP.
III.
A
Painter
not
priuiledged
to
draw
what
he
list
,
the
manifold
abuses
of
painting
:
whether
the
picture
of
the
Trinitie
,
of
our
Sauiour
Christ
,
according
to
his
humanitie
,
the
Images
of
the
Saints
and
their
passions
:
The
signe
of
the
Crosse
may
be
lawfully
drawne
or
not
,
&c.
AS
I
would
haue
my
young
Scholler
take
his
pleasure
,
so
I
would
not
haue
him
to
buy
it
at
ouer
deare
a
rate
,
either
with
losse
of
ouer
much
time
in
the
maine
profession
,
or
of
his
eares
for
a
libeller
,
neither
to
thinke
with
Horace
,
he
may
quidlibet
audere
,
for
there
be
many
things
which
as
well
Nature
or
Religion
would
haue
freed
from
the
pencill
;
what
hurt
hath
that
beastly
booke
of
Aretines
done
abroad
in
the
world
,
and
what
lewde
art
is
there
showne
in
many
printes
and
peeces
that
are
daily
brought
ouer
out
of
Italy
,
Flanders
,
and
other
places
,
which
are
oftner
enquired
after
in
the
shops
then
any
other
,
little
vse
else
is
there
of
most
of
the
wax
pictures
of
Curtizans
in
Rome
and
Venice
being
drawne
naked
,
and
sold
vp
and
downe
as
Libidinis
Fomenta
,
surely
I
cannot
but
commend
art
in
them
,
as
many
times
there
is
excellent
good
,
but
verily
doe
hate
their
wicked
makers
and
abhominable
ends
.
Touching
the
picture
of
the
Trinitie
,
as
commonmonly
it
is
drawne
,
first
God
the
Father
like
an
olde
man
,
betweene
his
knees
Christ
vpon
the
Crosse
,
and
ouer
his
head
a
Doue
resembling
the
holy
ghost
,
I
hold
it
basphemous
,
and
vtterly
vnlawfull
,
and
whatsoe●er
the
Romane
Catholickes
thinke
of
it
,
both
the
Scripture
,
Councels
,
and
fathers
,
nay
many
of
the
best
Diuines
of
their
owne
side
are
either
vtterly
against
it
,
by
Bellarmines
owne
con●ession
,
or
speake
very
slende●ly
,
for
it
as
tolerable
by
the
Church
,
but
no
waies
allowable
by
the
word
of
God
:
as
namely
,
Abulensis
,
Abulensis
in
4.
cap.
Deutero.
Qu●st.
5.
Durandus
,
Durand
.
in
d●st
.
quaest.
9.
Peresius
,
Pe●esiu●
de
traditionibus
part
3
and
many
others
,
though
in
plainest
termes
:
Lorichius
a
man
of
great
learning
and
sound
iudgement
amongest
them
,
Lorichius
Cathol.
Institut.
in
praecept
.
1.
vtterly
condemnes
the
same
in
these
words
.
Est
praeterea
abusus
imaginum
,
quod
sanctam
Trinitat●m
praesumpsimus
exprimere
,
quod
haeresis
est
pestilentissima
,
quid
enim
magis
sanctae
Trinitati
aduersum
,
atque
Patrem
effingere
senis
silicernij
effigie
,
filium
iuuenis
formam
habentem
,
Spiritum
Sanctum
alitis
speciem
volitantis
referentem
?
Quid
Idiotae
ex
tali
libro
didicisse
poterint
?
errorem
sane
&
Haeresim
.
Wherein
Caluin
and
our
Protestant
writers
do
agree
strongly
and
truly
maintaining
the
contrary
by
these
places
of
Scripture
,
Caluin
Ins●it.
1.
-
Places
o●
scripture
against
the
painting
or
e●pressing
of
the
T●inity
.
Exod.
20.
Deut.
4.
Esay
.
40.
and
46
lastly
.
Act.
17.
To
these
places
it
is
againe
answered
by
Bell●rmine
,
Cardinall
C●ietanus
,
Ca●●tan
.
in
3.
pot
.
quaest
25.
a●t
3.
Catharinus
,
Catharinus
in
cult●
Imag.
Diegus
,
Pay●ia
,
Pay●●
co●●r●
K●m●●t●um
.
and
others
,
that
it
is
lawfull
to
expresse
the
Trinitie
or
the
picture
of
God
the
Father
,
in
such
forme
as
he
visibly
appeared
,
sometime
like
a
man
,
and
sometimes
like
an
Angell
,
the
places
they
alledge
are
.
Gen.
1.
Gen.
3.
Gen.
28.
Exod.
33.
Isaiae
.
6.
Micheae
.
3.
Regum
.
vlt●
Amos.
9.
Daniel
.7
.
B●lla●m
l●b.
8.
de
Im●g
.
Moreouer
they
alledge
Saint
Augustine
,
who
thought
that
the
Trinitie
appeared
vnto
Abraham
.
Gen.
18.
But
howsoeuer
these
and
other
places
do
seeme
to
make
for
the
lawfulnes
of
it
we
are
to
hold
it
an
impious
thing
,
&
not
to
be
tolerated
,
as
being
expresly
forbidden
by
the
word
of
God
,
and
giuing
occasion
of
the
infinite
errors
in
the
Church
.
Va●ro
in
his
time
,
August
.
de
Ciuit●t●
D●i
.
lib.
4.
cap.
19.
said
that
the
Images
of
the
Gods
,
tooke
away
the
feare
of
them
,
and
increased
error
.
Of
the
Pictures
of
our
Sauiour
Christ
,
the
Apostles
and
Martyrs
.
NEither
by
any
meanes
may
the
pic●ure
of
our
Sauiour
,
the
Apostles
and
Martyrs
of
the
Church
be
drawne
to
an
Idolatrous
vse
,
or
be
set
vp
in
Churches
to
be
worshipped
.
Saith
the
Elibertine
Councell
:
Co●cil
.
Eli●e●t
.
Canon
.
36.
Placuit
in
templis
non
haberi
picturas
,
ne
quod
colitur
,
vel
adoratur
,
in
parietibus
depingatur
:
which
is
,
It
hath
pleased
vs
(
saith
the
Councel
)
that
pictures
be
not
set
vp
in
Churches
,
nor
any
thing
be
painted
vpon
the
walles
,
which
is
reuerenced
or
worshipped
.
Epiphanius
moreouer
in
an
Epistle
to
Iohn
Bishop
Bishop
I●w●l
against
Harding
.
of
Ierusalem
,
saith
it
is
against
the
authoritie
of
the
Scripture
,
that
an
Image
be
hanged
vp
in
a
Church
,
there
speaking
of
the
Image
of
Christ
,
or
some
other
Saint
which
he
found
painted
vpon
a
cloth
.
AElius
Lampridi
u●
in
vita
Alex.
Adrian
the
Emperour
caused
Churches
to
be
built
for
the
Christians
without
Images
.
Beside
the
holy
Scripture
,
these
with
many
other
be
the
arguments
of
our
writers
:
whom
Bellarmine
after
his
manner
answereth
seuerally
.
That
pictures
of
these
kindes
may
be
drawne
,
and
set
vp
to
draw
the
beholder
ad
Histo●icum
vsum
,
and
not
ad
cultum
,
I
hold
them
very
lawfull
and
tolerable
in
the
windowes
of
Churches
and
the
priuate
houses
,
and
deseruing
not
to
bee
beaten
downe
with
that
violence
and
furie
as
they
haue
beene
by
our
Puritanes
in
many
places
.
Touching
the
picture
of
Christ
according
to
his
humanity
I
would
scarce
change
it
for
the
best
Iewel
in
the
world
,
if
I
had
it
truly
drawne
,
neither
of
the
lawfulnesse
thereof
I
thinke
any
wise
man
will
make
question
.
Tertul.
in
lib.
de
pudic●tia
.
Tertullian
who
hath
liued
within
the
first
fiue
hundred
yeares
reporteth
that
the
picture
of
Christ
was
engrauen
vpon
the
communion
Cup
carrying
the
lost
sheepe
vpon
his
shoulder
.
Gregory
Nyss●nus
in
his
Oration
for
Theodorus
the
Emperour
,
saith
,
the
Emperour
was
delighted
when
he
saw
the
Temple
of
God
beautified
with
stately
buildings
,
&
with
sundrie
ornaments
within
,
where
the
pain●er
had
shewed
the
excellency
of
his
art
in
setting
forth
the
valiant
sufferings
of
the
Matyrs
,
their
torments
,
the
cruell
countenances
of
Tyrantes
their
violence
,
the
fiery
furnace
,
the
blessed
ende
of
those
valiant
champions
.
&c.
Zozomen
and
Nicephorus
write
that
in
the
time
of
Iulian
the
Apostata
,
●●zom●●
.
lib.
5.
cap.
●0
.
the
Image
of
Christ
,
which
was
at
Panneades
,
was
brought
by
the
Christians
into
one
of
their
Churches
and
there
preserued
.
Nazianzen
grieued
much
that
a
Citie
of
Dioecesaria
was
to
bee
razed
and
destroyed
,
N●zianz●n
.
Epist.
49.
ad
Olympium
.
wherein
was
a
Temple
,
which
himselfe
had
adorned
with
sundrie
statues
.
Of
the
Crosse.
THough
the
crosse
be
of
the
same
nature
with
the
other
forenamed
,
I
am
moued
to
say
something
particularly
of
the
same
,
since
being
lately
in
company
of
a
Gentleman
of
this
land
wholy
deuoted
to
Puritani●me
,
a
reasonable
good
Scholler
,
&
one
,
who
,
as
he
told
me
in
his
time
had
beene
a
burgesse
of
the
Parliament
house
,
we
had
a
discourse
of
the
Crosse
,
I
affirming
that
it
was
an
ancient
and
honourable
bearing
in
armes
,
naming
many
of
our
Nobility
and
Gentrie
that
bare
it
:
yea
but
(
quoth
he
)
our
heralds
in
former
times
were
to
blame
,
for
giuing
allowance
to
such
relikes
of
Idolatrie
,
and
suffering
them
so
publikely
to
be
carried
vp
and
downe
vpon
Coaches
.
But
leauing
such
pure
iudgements
to
their
singularitie
,
we
are
satisfied
,
since
we
know
from
time
to
time●
it
hath
beene
allowed
by
the
Church
,
not
to
any
superstitious
vse
,
but
because
the
ancient
Christians
thought
that
their
glory
wherewith
the
Gentiles
had
so
long
scorned
and
di●graced
therewithall
Euseb●
lib.
●
.
de
vita
Const●nt
.
Constantine
the
Emperour
gaue
the
Crosse
in
his
standard
,
as
Eusebius
witnesseth
,
who
also
hauing
ouercome
Max●ntius
,
erected
a
Crosse
in
the
chiefest
place
in
all
Rome
with
these
words
,
hoc
salutare
signum
.
Moreouer
he
caused
his
statue
to
be
made
with
a
Crosse
in
his
hand
.
Theodosius
forbad
it
should
be
painted
vpon
the
ground
.
Z●zomen
.
lib.
1.
c●p.
8.
Arcadius
his
sonne
caused
it
the
first
to
be
stamped
vpon
his
coyne
in
gold
,
(
which
kinde
of
Crosse
I
make
no
question
but
of
all
sortes
is
loued
well
enough
)
as
Prosperus
writ●th
,
August
.
ser.
18.
de
v●rbis
Domini
.
de
praedict.
&
promis
.
part
.
3.
cap.
34.
Tiberius
,
when
he
saw
the
Crosse
cut
in
Marble
,
and
lying
vpon
the
ground
,
Paulus
Diaconus
lib.
18.
caused
it
to
be
digged
vp
,
and
set
vpright
,
saying
,
wee
ought
to
signe
our
forehead
and
brest
with
the
Crosse
of
the
Lord
,
and
we
●read
it
vnder
our
feete
.
In
Honcil
.
quod
Christus
sit
Deus
.
Chrysostome
saith
,
that
in
his
time
(
beside
the
Ceremonie
of
vsing
it
in
Baptisme
and
the
Lords
Supper
)
it
was
painted
vpon
beds
,
Armour
,
Ships
,
&c.
Touching
the
Ceremony
of
signing
with
the
same
,
as
we
vse
it
in
Baptisme
to
say
any
thing
thereof
,
were
beside
my
subiect
,
neither
were
it
needfull
since
the
meanest
diuine
can
tell
,
that
it
hath
anciently
beene
vsed
and
allowed
by
the
Fathers
,
as
Basil
(
who
affirmes
it
to
be
one
of
the
Apostolicall
traditions
)
Cyrill
,
Tertullian
,
St.
Cyprian
,
August
.
Tractat.
in
Ioan.
118.
Nihil
corum
rite
per●icitur
.
and
lastly
,
Saint
Augustine
,
who
saith
,
that
except
the
foreheads
of
the
beleeuers
(
as
children
baptized
)
be
signed
with
the
sign●
of
the
crosse
,
the
forme
of
baptisme
is
not
as
it
ought
to
be
,
but
enough
if
not
so
much
of
this
subiect
.
CHAP.
IIII.
Pencils
and
other
Instruments
necessarie
for
drawing
.
MAny
waies
I
know
there
haue
beene
deuised
to
teach
draught
,
as
namely
,
by
crossing
the
patterne
,
then
your
owne
papers
with
equall
spaces
,
filling
the
same
as
you
finde
in
your
example
:
also
drawing
vpon
a
lanterne
horne
with
a
paper
blackt
with
a
torch
,
and
such
like
:
neither
do
I
mislike
any
such
conuenient
help
to
a
yong
learners
furtherance
;
but
to
learne
to
the
purpose
,
and
to
grow
cunning
in
short
time
,
you
should
rather
fall
to
it
onely
by
your
owne
conceit
and
iudgement
,
and
let
those
toyes
goe
,
you
must
first
get
you
blacke
lead
sharpned
finely
:
Blacke
lead
in
quils
.
and
put
fast
into
quils
,
for
your
rude
and
first
draught
,
some
ten
or
twelue
.
Moreouer
you
must
not
be
without
as
many
Sallow
coales
,
Sallow
coales
.
sharpned
at
the
endes
:
you
shall
chuse
them
thus
,
they
are
more
blew
and
finer
grained
then
the
other
coales
,
smooth
(
being
broken
)
like
satten
:
you
shal
sharpen
them
vpon
one
of
your
●ingers
,
as
also
your
blacke
lead
;
other
coales
will
quickly
breake
,
and
neuer
point
sharpe
.
Get
you
also
a
small
paire
of
brazen
compasses
and
fine
rule
,
Rule
and
compasse
.
for
taking
the
distance
,
if
you
follow
a
print
;
and
be
not
without
the
crums
of
fine
manchet
or
white
bread
,
to
rubbe
out
your
lead
or
coale
,
when
you
haue
done
amisse
,
or
finished
your
worke
.
Scriueners
and
writing
Schoolemasters
in
the
countrey
that
teach
to
write
,
haue
diuers
small
pensils
of
broome
,
Broome
pencils
.
with
which
they
shadow
great
letters
with
common
Inke
in
coppy
bookes
very
pretily
:
they
are
made
in
this
manner
,
take
a
broome
stalke
about
the
bignesse
of
a
spoone
●andle
,
and
cut
it
euen
at
the
end
,
when
you
haue
done
,
chew
it
betweene
your
teeth
till
it
bee
fine
and
grow
heary
at
the
end
like
a
pensill
,
but
I
care
not
how
little
you
vse
them
,
because
your
pen
shall
do
better
,
and
shew
more
art
.
For
your
drawing
pennes
,
neuer
be
without
twentie
or
thirtie
at
a
time
,
made
of
Rauens
and
goose
quils
;
your
Rauens
quilles
are
the
best
of
all
other
,
to
write
faire
,
or
shadow
fine
,
your
goose
quils
serue
for
the
bigger
or
ruder
lines
.
To
draw
with
drie
colours
,
you
may
make
long
pastils
,
which
you
shall
doe
by
grinding
red
lead
,
or
any
other
colour
with
strong
wort
,
and
so
roule
them
vp
into
long
roules
like
pensils
drying
them
in
the
Sun
,
some
put
heereto
a
little
new
milke
.
CHAP.
V.
The
first
Practise
.
I
will
giue
you
another
example
of
a
goblet
or
cup.
First
I
make
a
halfe
or
semicircle
for
the
bowle
,
downe
the
midst
of
which
(
as
low
as
I
would
haue
the
foote
to
come
)
I
draw
my
Diameter
or
straight
line
,
which
being
done
,
the
worst
is
past
:
you
must
now
marke
:
I
am
not
tied
to
make
my
bowle
as
round
as
the
circle
,
but
long
or
what
fashion
I
list
,
no
other
vse
hath
the
Circle
there
then
to
guide
me
euen
on
either
side
,
whether
I
make
it
broad
or
narrow
,
long
or
short
,
embosse
it
,
or
how
,
soeuer
,
the
other
part
of
the
line
causeth
me
to
make
the
foote
euen
as
you
see
.
In
these
and
such
like
,
you
may
at
your
pleasure
finde
infinite
varietie
to
●set
your selfe
a
worke
with
,
till
you
are
able
to
fall
to
worke
by
your
owne
iudgement
;
which
you
shall
doe
in
your
next
and
second
practise
.
CHAP.
VI.
The
second
practise
.
YOu
shall
,
next
after
your
hand
is
growne
readie
in
the
foresaid
proportions
,
practise
to
draw
small
and
easie
things
,
comming
as
neere
your
former
examples
as
may
be
,
by
your
conceipt
onely
:
as
a
cherry
with
the
leafe
,
the
shaft
of
a
steeple
,
a
single
or
canker
Rose
,
&c.
wherein
you
shall
begin
to
take
some
delight
,
and
finde
no
great
difficulty
.
But
in
drawing
these
and
whatsoeuer
else
,
I
must
not
forget
to
tell
you
;
that
you
must
be
perfect
and
quicke
in
the
generall
or
outward
lines
,
and
giue
them
a
reasonable
good
proportion
,
ere
you
fall
to
shadowing
or
tricking
your
worke
within
:
wherefore
I
would
haue
you
make
an
assey
sixe
or
seuen
times
at
the
least
for
the
generall
proportion
onely
:
if
at
first
it
be
not
to
your
minde
,
as
for
example
in
drawing
of
a
Rose
,
be
sure
that
the
compasse
of
it
be
not
faulty
,
ere
you
cast
out
the
leaues
by
fiue
equall
lines
,
or
in
making
a
womans
ruffe
,
that
you
score
it
out
first
narrow
in
the
necke
,
then
wider
from
the
cheekes
,
and
narrow
againe
vnder
the
chin
very
truly
,
ere
you
add●
the
lace
of
setting
,
a●l
which
is
done
with
one
line
,
which
I
call
the
g●nerall
or
extreme
.
For
those
formes
that
are
mixed
and
vncertaine
,
and
where
your
circle
and
square
can
doe
you
no
good
(
being
left
only
to
your
Idea
)
as
in
a
Lion
,
a
horse
or
such
like
:
you
must
worke
altogether
by
your
owne
iudgement
,
A
strong
imagina●ion
required
in
a
good
painter
.
and
winne
the
proportion
by
daily
practise
,
which
will
seeme
very
harsh
and
strange
vnto
you
at
the
first
,
but
to
helpe
your selfe
herein
you
shal
doe
thus
:
hauing
the
generall
notion
or
shape
of
the
thing
in
your
minde
you
meane
to
draw
(
which
I
doubt
not
but
you
may
conceiue
and
remember
as
well
as
the
best
painter
in
the
world
,
though
not
expresse
according
to
the
rules
of
art
)
draw
it
with
your
lead
or
coale
after
your
owne
fashion
,
How
to
helpe
you
in
your
Idea
.
though
neuer
so
badly
,
and
lay
it
from
you
for
a
day
:
the
next
day
peruse
it
well
,
bethinke
your selfe
where
you
haue
erred
,
and
mend
it
according
to
that
Idea
you
carry
in
your
mind
,
in
the
generall
proportion
:
when
you
haue
thus
done
,
lay
it
by
again
till
the
next
day
,
&
so
continue
for
fiue
or
six
daies
together
,
correcting
by
degrees
the
other
parts
euen
so
●mal
vains
as
your
discretion
wil
serue
you
,
this
may
you
do
with
fortie
papers
at
once
,
of
seueral
things
,
hauing
done
what
you
can
(
though
not
to
your
liking
)
confer
it
by
the
like
,
some
excellent
print
or
patterne
of
the
same
,
vsing
no
rule
or
compasse
at
all
but
your
owne
iudgement
in
mending
euery
fault
lightly
,
and
with
a
quicke
hand
,
giuing
euery
place
his
due
;
whereby
you
shall
of
all
sides
meete
with
your
errors
,
and
finde
an
incredible
furtherance
to
your
practise
:
though
hereunto
is
required
I
must
confesse
,
a
strong
imagination
,
and
a
good
memory
,
●hich
are
the
midwiues
to
this
art
and
practise
as
in
all
things
else
,
the
nurse
that
brings
it
to
full
growth
and
perfection
.
CHAP.
VII
.
Of
drawing
the
face
or
countenance
of
a
man
.
SInce
a
man
is
the
worthiest
of
all
creatures
,
and
such
pleasing
varietie
in
countenances
so
disposed
of
by
the
diuine
prouidence
,
that
among
tenne
thousand
you
shall
not
see
one
like
another
(
as
well
for
breeding
delight
,
as
for
obseruing
a
methode
after
you
haue
practised
according
to
your
former
directions
in
other
things
)
you
shall
beginne
to
draw
a
mans
face
,
in
which
as
in
all
other
creatures
you
must
take
your
beginning
at
the
forehead
,
and
so
draw
downward
till
yo●
haue
finished
.
The
visage
or
countenance
is
(
for
the
most
part
)
drawn
but
three
manner
of
waies
,
the
first
is
full
faced
,
The
full
●ace
.
as
commonly
we
see
King
Henry
the
8
drawne
:
And
be
carefull
to
giue
as
precise
an
euennesse
to
one
side
as
to
the
other
;
causing
both
your
lines
to
meete
at
the
tip
of
the
chin
:
your
Diameter
guideth
you
for
the
euen
placing
(
as
I
said
)
of
nose
and
mouth
,
your
other
line
for
the
iust
opposition
of
the
eyes
betweene
which
in
distance
for
the
nose
,
alwaies
leaue
the
space
of
an
eye
.
The
end
of
the
nose
in
ordinary
proportion
must
be
brought
no
lower
then
the
middle
of
the
cheeke
,
The
space
of
an
other
eie
to
be
le●t
betweene
the
eies
.
from
whence
to
the
chin
is
for
the
most
part
as
farre
,
as
from
thence
vpward
to
the
eye-browes
.
The
nose
of
a
full
face
must
not
be
expressed
with
apparant
lines
,
but
with
a
very
fine
shadow
on
each
side
,
as
you
see
.
To
make
an
angrie
or
sterne
countenance
,
let
your
brow
bend
so
,
that
it
may
almost
seeme
to
touch
the
ball
of
the
ey
;
at
what
time
you
must
also
giue
the
forehead
a
fine
wrinckle
or
two
,
and
withall
the
vpper
part
of
the
nose
betweene
the
eyes
.
A
great
conceipt
is
required
in
making
the
eye
which
either
by
the
dulnesse
or
liuely
quicknesse
thereof
giueth
a
great
taste
of
the
spirit
and
disposition
of
the
minde
,
Great
difficultie
in
the
eie
.
(
which
many
times
I
will
not
denie
may
be
aswell
perceiued
by
the
mouth
,
and
motion
of
the
bodie
,
)
as
in
drawing
a
foole
or
idiot
,
by
making
his
eies
narrow
,
and
his
temples
wrinkled
with
laughter
,
wide
mouthed
,
or
shewing
his
teeth
&c.
A
graue
or
reuerend
father
by
giuing
him
a
demisse
and
lowly
countenance
,
his
eie
beholding
you
with
a
sober
cast
,
which
is
caused
by
the
vpper
ey●lid
couering
a
great
part
of
the
ball
,
and
is
an
especiall
marke
of
a
sober
and
staied
braine
within
.
Nic●phor
lib.
10.
cap
3.7
.
Nazianzen
when
he
beheld
a
Iu●ian
(
long
time
before
he
was
Emperour
,
at
Athen●
,
at
the
very
fi●st
sight
of
his
countenance
,
(
Presaging
his
future
disposition
)
burst
forth
into
these
words
;
Deus
bone
,
quantum
malum
souet
Romanum
imperium
:
in●
.
auect
.
contra
Iulianum
.
for
(
as
he
witnesseth
himselfe
)
there
was
not
any
signe
of
goodnes
or
towardnes
in
him
,
his
eies
●owled
in
his
head
,
wandring
and
turning
fearefully
now
this
,
now
that
way
;
sparkling
with
furie
&
anger
,
his
nose
was
growne
wrinckled
with
scoffing
and
deriding
,
the
rest
of
his
countenance
tending
to
mockery
,
his
laughter
so
immoderate
,
that
his
whole
bodie
would
shake
therewith
,
his
shoulders
shrinking
to
and
fro
,
to
his
necke
:
his
legs
and
feete
seldome
standing
still
;
his
questions
and
answeres
supitious
,
rash
,
and
often
interrupted
by
short
fetching
his
breath
;
by
which
signes
the
good
man
foresaw
his
inbred
tyranny
and
vile
disposition
,
which
after
burst
forth
into
an
horrible
persecution
and
open
rebellion
against
God
and
his
Church
.
A
Graecian
Captaine
in
like
manner
noting
very
often
the
cast
of
the
eye
and
countenance
of
Scylla
,
Brusoni●s
.
lib.
7.
cap.
20.
together
with
his
gesture
and
motion
of
body
,
vsed
these
words
:
it
is
impossible
but
this
Gentlemen
one
day
should
prooue
a
great
commaunder
,
and
I
maruaile
that
he
is
not
aduanced
al
this
while
.
D●gonius
an
Earl
of
Flanders
,
when
he
should
haue
bene
put
to
death
by
the
Turke
,
a
Phisiognomer
wisht
that
he
might
not
die
by
any
meanes
,
because
if
he
liued
he
would
sow
much
dissention
among
the
Christians
,
which
after
fell
out
to
be
true
,
by
which
examples
and
the
like
,
I
proue
that
there
is
a
certaine
Indictum
,
or
notice
of
the
minds
disposition
inly
imprinted
by
nature
euen
in
the
countenance
,
and
many
times
in
the
eie
or
mouth
,
which
(
as
I
haue
said
)
you
must
be
carefull
,
as
you
shall
haue
occasion
,
warily
to
obserue
.
Now
for
the
mouth
(
though
least
of
all
other
any
generall
rule
may
be
giuen
for
it
,
The
mouth
.
)
it
consisteth
principally
of
two
lines
,
whereof
one
expresseth
the
mouth
it selfe
,
the
other
the
neather
lip
:
the
ouerlip
is
best
showne
by
a
shadow
cast
ouer
the
crosse
line
as
you
see
;
which
shadow
and
crosse
line
if
you
draw
by
the
life
must
be
hit
at
an
haires
breadth
,
and
if
your
picture
be
little
,
you
cannot
thinke
so
small
a
thing
as
giueth
or
quite
taketh
away
the
touch
and
resemblance
of
the
mouth
:
and
to
say
truly●
it
will
be
the
hardest
peece
of
cunning
that
euer
you
shal
meet
withall
:
therefore
you
had
neede
cause
the
partie
whom
you
will
draw
,
to
sit
as
we
say
,
Vultu
composito
,
without
stirring
or
altering
the
mouth
were
it
neuer
so
little
:
I
haue
many
times
beene
much
troubled
about
expressing
the
mouth
as
it
ought
,
wherein
you
shall
finde
great
difficultie
,
wherefore
you
shall
best
take
it
when
the
partie
mindes
you
not
,
and
to
say
the
truth
it
is
the
best
time
of
taking
a
picture
.
I
haue
neuer
drawne
any
more
truly
,
then
when
they
haue
beene
busie
in
talking
,
at
dinner
,
viewing
some
thing
or
other
,
and
in
this
manner
I
haue
often
taken
his
Maiesties
,
sitting
at
dinner
,
or
talking
with
some
of
his
followers
.
I
haue
m●ny
times
wondred
why
I
could
among
so
many
neuer
finde
any
true
picture
of
his
Maiestie
,
or
that
did
any
thing
neere
resemblie
him
:
I
know
not
,
but
generally
in
his
picture
I
●inde
two
principall
errors
,
the
one
in
the
complexion
and
haire
,
the
other
is
in
the
mouth
,
which
commonly
they
draw
with
a
full
and
great
nether-lip
very
apparant
,
wherein
they
commit
the
chiefest
error
,
which
good
obseruation
hauing
auoided
,
I
haue
drawne
him
often
with
my
Pen
and
Inke
only
vpon
a
faire
peece
of
paper
in
an
houre
,
more
truly
and
like
then
the
best
peeces
in
oyle
about
the
towne
.
CHAP.
VIII
.
Of
expressing
passion
in
the
countenance
THe
passions
of
the
mind
being
diuers
as
loue
,
feare
,
ioy
,
anger
,
hatred
,
dispaire
,
desire
,
boldnesse
,
&c.
must
be
expressed
with
great
iudgement
&
discretion
,
though
you
shal
better
expresse
them
in
liuely
colours
then
with
the
pen
,
because
palenesse
rednesse
,
fiery
eies
&c.
are
adiuncts
to
the
same
.
You
shall
expresse
loue
by
making
vultum
sere●um
,
faire
and
pleasant
,
no
where
clouded
with
wrinckles
,
or
furrowed
with
vnpleasing
bendings
,
which
are
commonly
effects
of
care
,
melancholy
,
anger
,
dispaire
,
and
the
like
:
first
you
are
to
giue
the
forehead
a
Maiesticke
grace
and
height
,
a
full
eie
which
you
shal
make
very
pleasing
by
shadowing
it
,
with
a
fine
shadow
at
the
bottome
of
the
eye
lid
,
and
a
little
at
the
corner
,
a
small
&
proportionable
nose
,
the
nosethrils
not
too
wide
,
a
cleere
cheeke
which
you
shall
make
by
shadowing
the
same
on
one
side
,
the
mouth
smiling
which
you
shall
doe
by
making
a
thinne
vpper
lippe
,
and
shadowing
the
mouth
line
a
little
at
the
corners
,
and
for
as
much
as
the
kindes
of
beauties
are
infinite
,
if
you
would
draw
some
rare
peece
for
beauty
,
you
should
as
Apelles
was
wont
,
frequent
the
Court
or
Citie
,
and
imitate
some
excellent
beautie
or
other
.
I
was
not
long
since
extremely
troubled
with
a
peece
of
the
Sea
Nymp●es
being
all
sisters
,
in
whose
faces
I
was
to
expresse
a
singuler
and
seuerall
beautie
,
yet
so
like
one
another
,
that
they
might
be
knowne
to
be
sisters
,
the
historie
is
in
the
second
of
Ouids
Metamorphosis
.
And
Vi●gil
describing
the
countenance
of
AEneas
,
AEn●●d
.1
.
express●●h
with
singular
art
the
beautie
and
comelinesse
which
his
mother
Venus
had
bestowed
vpon
him
in
this
manner
.
Os
humerosque
D●o
similis
,
namque
ipsa
decoram
Caesariem
gnato
genetrix
,
lumenque●uuentae
,
Purpureum
,
&
laetos
o●ulis
afflarat
honores
.
You
shall
shew
●eare
in
the
countenance
,
by
making
of
the
eies
to
looke
hollow
,
heauily
and
downeward
,
the
cheekes
fallen
,
the
mouth
close
,
the
haire
staring
or
hanging
carelesly
about
the
eares
,
I
saw
an
excellent
peece
of
this
kinde
done
by
Leonard
Vincentio
,
done
to
the
imitation
of
an
ancient
painter
,
which
was
a
company
of
young
men
swimming
,
and
vpon
the
sodaine
surprized
by
the
enemie
,
where
you
might
see
one
putting
his
head
into
his
shirt
sleeue
for
hast
,
another
running
away
halfe
naked
.
Feare
is
described
by
our
excellent
Spencer
to
ride
in
armour
,
In
hi●
Fa●ry
Queene
.
at
the
clashing
whereof
he
lookes
deadly
pale
,
as
afeard
of
himselfe
.
The
like
obseruations
you
are
to
keepe
in
the
rest
which
you
shall
naturally
finde
described
by
our
Poets
,
by
Lomazius
,
and
lastly
in
mine
Emblems
,
so
that
it
were
needlesse
for
me
heere
to
re●terate
the
same
.
CHAP.
IX
.
Of
the
whole
bodie
.
WHen
you
are
growne
something
perfect
in
the
face
,
and
can
draw
the
head
indifferent
well
,
you
must
be
carefull
to
proportion
the
bodie
thereafter
,
then
the
error
of
which
,
no
one
fault
is
more
common
with
the
most
Painters
:
for
you
shall
scarce
see
one
among
twentie
but
will
draw
the
head
too
big
,
Making
the
head
too
big
,
a
common
fault
which
if
you
obserue
,
you
shall
find
in
most
pictures
:
helpe
your selfe
herein
by
●e●ting
a
boy
before
you
,
causing
him
to
stand
which
way
you
list
,
The
necke
.
and
so
to
wont
your
iudgement
to
the
proportion
by
little
&
little
:
hauing
finished
the
head
,
draw
the
necke
,
beginning
it
with
one
line
from
about
the
tip
of
the
eare
,
then
draw
the
other
downe
from
the
ball
of
the
cheeke
(
which
is
lessened
on
the
other
side
)
as
farre
as
you
thinke
good
to
the
shoulder
,
where
stay
,
till
you
haue
shadowed
it
:
the
shadowes
of
the
neck
in
a
child
or
young
woman
are
very
sine
,
rare
and
scarely
seene
,
but
in
a
man
the
sinewes
must
be
expressed
,
with
the
veines
,
by
shadowing
the
rest
of
the
necke
,
and
leauing
them
white
.
For
the
proportion
of
the
other
parts
(
because
Lomazius
hath
preuented
mee
:
whose
booke
though
it
be
somewhat
obscure●
in
any
case
I
would
haue
you
to
buy
,
after
you
are
well
entred
)
I
will
omit
and
shew
you
onely
such
eminences
which
by
shadow
must
be
necessarily
expressed
:
after
you
haue
done
the
neck
:
you
are
to
expresse
the
wing
or
vpper
part
of
the
shoulder
by
shadowing
it
vnderneath
,
The
s●oulder
.
the
brawne
of
the
arme
must
appeare
full
,
shadowed
on
one
side
,
The
arme
.
then
shew
the
w●i●t
bone
therof
,
●he
w●ist
.
&
the
meeting
of
the
veines
in
that
place
,
the
veines
of
the
backe
of
the
hand
,
&
the
knuckles
,
The
knuck●e●
.
are
made
with
two
or
three
haire
strokes
with
a
fine
touch
of
your
p●●●
the
pappes
of
a
man
are
showne
by
two
of
three
fine
strokes
giuen
vnderneath
,
The
paps
.
in
a
woman
,
with
a
circular
shadow
well
deepned
,
the
ribs
are
so
●o
be
shadowed
,
The
ribs
.
as
you
doubt
whether
they
appeare
or
no
:
except
your
man
were
starued
,
or
you
should
draw
death
himselfe
:
the
bellie
shall
be
eminent
by
shadowing
the
flanke
,
The
be●ly
.
and
vnder
the
breast
bone
:
the
brawne
of
the
thigh
shall
appeare
,
The
thigh
.
by
drawing
small
haire
strokes
from
the
hip
to
the
knee
,
The
knee
.
shadowed
againe
ouertwhartly
:
the
knee
pan
must
be
showne
with
the
knitting
thereof
by
a
fine
shadow
vnderneath
the
ioynt
;
the
shinbone
from
the
knee
to
the
instep
,
is
made
by
shadowing
one
halfe
of
the
leg
with
a
single
shadow
,
The
legge
.
the
ankle
bone
wil
shew
it selfe
by
a
shadow
giuen
vnderneath
as
the
knee
;
the
sinewes
must
seeme
to
take
their
beginning
from
the
midst
of
the
foote
,
and
to
grow
bigger
the
neerer
they
are
to
the
toes
.
There
is
a
great
art
in
making
the
foote
,
wherein
your
shadowes
must
take
place
as
occasion
serueth
,
and
to
say
the
truth
,
so
they
must
in
the
other
parts
,
but
naturally
they
fal
as
I
haue
said
;
for
teaching
you
the
true
shadowing
of
a
naked
bodie
;
The
foote
.
Goltzius
is
one
of
the
best
,
whose
prints
aboue
any
other
I
wish
you
to
imitate
.
CHAP.
X.
Of
shadowing
and
obseruing
the
light
according
to
the
rules
and
infallible
principles
of
perspectiue
.
A
Shadow
is
nothing
else
but
a
diminution
of
the
first
and
second
light
.
The
first
light
I
call
that
which
proceedeth
immediately
from
a
lightned
bodie
,
as
the
beames
of
the
sunne
.
The
second
is
an
accidental
light
dispreading
it selfe
into
the
aire
or
medium
,
proceeding
from
the
other
.
Vnder
this
diuision
are
comprehended
the
other
lights
,
as
the
light
of
glory
is
referred
in
the
first
.
The
light
of
all
manner
of
reflexions
to
the
second
.
Shadowes
are
threefold
:
the
first
is
a
single
shadow
,
and
the
least
of
all
other
,
and
is
proper
to
the
plaine
Superficies
,
where
it
is
not
wholy
possessed
of
the
light
;
as
for
example
.
Generall
rules
for
sh●dowing
.
YOu
must
alwaies
cast
your
shadow
one
way
,
that
is
,
on
which
side
of
the
bodie
you
beginne
your
shadow
,
you
must
continue
it
till
your
worke
be
done
:
as
if
I
would
draw
a
man
,
I
beginne
●o
shadow
his
left
cheeke
the
l●ft
part
of
his
n●●ke
,
the
le●t
side
of
the
left
arme
,
the
left
side
of
the
left
thigh
,
&c.
leauing
the
other
to
the
light
,
except
the
light
side
be
darkned
by
the
opposition
of
a●ot●er
bodie
,
as
if
three
bowles
should
stand
together
,
that
in
the
mi●st
must
receiue
a
shadow
on
both
sides
.
2
All
circular
and
round
bodies
that
receiue
a
concentration
of
the
light
,
as
the
light
of
a
burning
glasse
,
when
it
doth
gath●r
it
●elfe
into
a
small
center
,
must
be
shadowed
in
circul●r
manner
as
thus
:
4.
Where
contrary
shadowes
concurre
and
striue
(
as
those
crosse
winds
about
AE●eas
his
●●●ip
)
for
sup●riority
,
let
the
nearest
and
most
solide
body
be
first
se●ued
.
In
the
double
and
treble
shadowes
,
let
your
first
strokes
be
very
drie
for
fe●re
o●
blotting
e●e
you
crosse
them
.
5.
It
will
seeme
a
hard
matter
to
shadow
a
gemme
or
well
pointed
D●●●●n●●●hat
hath
many
sides
and
sq●●●●s
,
and
〈…〉
ought
:
but
if
you
〈…〉
giue
you
,
y●●
〈◊〉
easil●
do
it
without
〈◊〉
.
6.
All
the
〈◊〉
pa●ticipate
in
the
mediu●
according
to
the
grea●n●●●e
or
●●akn●sse
o●
the
light
.
●
.
No
bodie
between
the
light
,
and
our
sight
can
ef●ect
an
absolute
da●knes
,
wher●●re
●
said
a
●hado●
was
but
a
diminution
of
the
light
,
and
it
is
a
great
question
whether
there
be
any
dar●nesse
in
the
wo●ld
or
not
.
Bu●
beca●se
all
manner
of
shadowes
depend
vpon
the
light
;
I
will
briefely
for
your
memory
teach
you
by
generall
propositions
what
you
are
to
obserue
in
the
nature
of
the
same
,
it
being
a
matter
of
the
greatest
moment
in
picture
,
and
wherein
you
shall
exercise
your
iudgement
with
an
incredible
pleasure
,
it
being
one
of
the
most
delightfull
secrets
in
nature
.
1
Proposition
.
All
light
doth
disperse
it selfe
vpon
the
obiect
circularly
,
and
againe
the
obiect
enlightned
affecteth
the
aire
or
medium
in
the
same
maner
,
th●
reason
is
,
because
the
round
or
Sphaericall
figure
as
to
all
heauenly
bodies
,
so
it
agreeth
naturally
to
light
,
as
the
most
absolute
,
the
most
perfect
,
and
conseruatiue
of
all
others
,
we
finde
this
to
be
true
if
w●●
but
view
the
light
through
a
hole
or
cre●ise
in
a
sunshine
morning
,
or
about
the
●●ame
of
a
candle
,
hence
you
must
learne
in
shadowing
all
circula●
bodies
to
giue
a
circular
light
,
except
by
some
accident
you
are
compelled
to
the
contrary
.
2
Prop●sition
.
Euery
greater
light
dimmes
and
diminisheth
the
lesser
,
as
for
example
the
stars
shine
in
the
day
time
,
yet
we
perceiue
not
their
light
,
by
reason
of
the
greater
light
of
the
Sunne
,
yet
if
you
stand
in
the
bottome
of
a
well
,
you
shal
easily
perceiue
them
and
their
motion
,
the
reason
is
the
light
or
beame
of
the
starre
being
perpendicular
or
direct
ouer
your
head
,
is
of
greater
force
then
the
beames
of
the
Sunne
comming
oblikely
or
sideway
(
for
you
must
take
it
for
a
generall
rule
,
that
all
beames
or
reflexions
from
the
p●rpendicular
are
o●
more
force
then
the
other
broken
&
oblique
,
for
example
a
ball
being
strucken
hard
downe
with
your
hand
,
reboundeth
backe
in
the
same
line
with
greater
force
then
when
it
flieth
sidewaies
,
so
doth
an
arrow
shot
against
the
stone
wall
.
)
Moreouer
in
an
euening
at
a
bonefire
in
the
streete
you
shall
hardly
discerne
any
thing
beyond
the
●ire
being
your
light
hindered
by
the
light
thereof
which
otherwise
you
might
well
doe
.
3
Proposition
.
Bodies
lighted
by
night
by
●ire
,
must
haue
a
brighter
●ustre
giuen
them
then
by
day
,
as
I
haue
seene
many
excellent
peeces
of
that
nature
,
as
the
taking
of
Christ
by
night
,
sacking
of
Cities
,
bat●owling
and
t●e
like
,
the
reason
is
,
because
●ire
in
the
n●ght
being
compassed
about
with
darknesse
,
enlightens
the
med●um
more
forceably
and
neerly
.
4
Proposition
.
According
to
the
diuersitie
(
or
as
the
Logicians
terme
it
)
the
intention
and
remission
of
the
light
,
the
colours
of
bodies
are
changed
,
as
the
●eathers
of
birdes
wings
,
cloth
of
sundrie
colours
,
the
Sea
at
morning
and
euen
,
and
the
like
.
5
Proposition
.
Lightes
neuer
mingle
in
their
Medium
,
as
wee
prooue
by
the
shadow
of
many
candles
lighted
once
.
6
Proposition
.
In
all
concaue
and
hollow
bodies
that
are
capable
of
light
as
siluer
basens
,
bowles
,
and
the
like
,
the
light
must
be
strongest
and
brightest
in
the
center
,
the
reason
is
from
euery
point
of
the
concauity
,
the
perpendicular
lines
meete
and
ioyne
together
in
the
Center
.
7
Proposition
.
Euery
Sphaericall
bodie
that
giueth
light
,
enlightens
a
lesser
Sphaericall
bodie
according
to
the
quantitie
of
his
Diamete●
:
for
example
,
by
how
much
the
Diameter
of
the
Sunne
is
broder
then
the
Diameter
of
the
earth●
by
so
much
the
earth
is
enlightned
beyond
his
Diameter
or
middle
.
Alhacen
and
Vitellio
haue
taught
the
making
of
artificiall
instruments
for
taking
of
the
light
which
with
the
manner
of
making
Albert
Durers
gl●sse
,
I
will
teach
you
in
a
discourse
of
perspectiue
I
will
shortly
publish
.
8
Proposition
.
If
the
light
penetrateth
any
cleare
bodie
(
which
we
call
Di●phanon
)
that
is
coloured
as
painted
glas●e
Amber
,
Cristall
,
faire
water
,
a
glasse
of
Claret
wine
,
and
the
like
,
you
must
remember
to
giue
the
light
the
same
colour
that
his
Medium
is
of
,
as
if
we
looke
through
red
or
blew
glasse
,
euerie
thing
without
appeareth
red
or
blew
to
our
sight
.
9
Proposition
.
Euery
beame
direct
reflected
or
broken
is
so
much
the
more
weake
in
the
lightning
or
burning
,
by
how
much
the
lesse
time
it
stayeth
vpon
the
obiect
:
this
is
proued
if
we
drie
a
thing
in
a
paper
ouer
a
ca●dle
which
we
do
a
great
while
without
burning
,
or
by
the
swift
motion
of
riuers
,
who
take
not
the
heate
of
the
Sun
so
much
as
standing
waters
:
wherefore
those
countries
vnder
the
Equinoctiall
,
by
reason
of
the
equall
presence
and
absence
of
the
Sunne
are
ve●y
temperate
,
whereas
on
the
contrary
in
Lituania
and
thereabouts
,
where
it
is
in
a
manner
day
continually
,
they
haue
extreme
hot
Summers
,
and
most
bit●er
cold
Winters
.
Of
Foreshortning
.
The
chie●e
vse
of
perspectiue
you
haue
in
fore-shortning
which
is
when
by
art
the
whole
is
concluded
into
one
p●rt
,
which
onely
shall
appeare
to
the
sight●
as
i●
I
sho●ld
paint
a
ship
vpon
●he
Sea
,
yet
the●e
should
appeare
vnto
you
but
her
fore
part
,
the
rest
imagined
hid
,
or
likewise
an
ho●se
with
his
breast
and
head
looking
full
in
my
face
,
I
must
of
necessitie
fo●eshorten
him
behind●
because
his
sides
and
●lanks
appeare
not
vnto
me
:
this
kinde
of
draught
is
willingly
ouerslipt
by
ordinary
painters
for
want
of
cunning
and
skill
to
performe
it
;
and
you
shall
see
not
one
thing
among
an
hundred
among
them
drawne
in
this
manner
,
but
after
the
ordinarie
fashion
side
waies
,
and
that
but
lamely
neither
.
The
vse
of
it
is
to
expresse
all
manner
of
action
in
man
or
beast
,
to
represent
many
things
in
a
little
roome
,
to
giue
or
shew
sundrie
sides
of
Cities
,
Castles
,
Forts
,
&c.
at
one
time
.
CHAP.
XI
.
Certaine
Questions
of
the
manifold
deceptions
of
the
sight
by
perspectiue
.
ALL
errors
of
the
sight
proceede
from
a
three-fold
cause
,
the
fi●st
exterior
,
or
being
as
I
may
say
in
the
false
apprehension
of
distance
opposition
,
proportion
or
the
like
,
the
second
from
an
inward
cause
,
as
the
weaknesse
of
the
eye
it selfe
,
or
the
decaying
of
the
Spirits
,
the
third
from
the
aff●ction
of
the
eye
from
some
outward
humour
of
hurt
,
but
we
are
onely
to
intreate
of
the
●irst
.
1.
Why
the
Horizon
appeareth
to
our
sight
bigger
th●n
any
part
else
of
the
Hemisphere
.
All
quantitie
of
distance
is
knowne
by
bodies
interposed
,
but
betweene
our
eie
and
the
vertical
point
of
heauen
ouer
our
heads
we
perceiue
nothing
,
betweene
our
sight
and
the
horizon
,
there
appeareth
the
breadth
of
the
earth
,
the
space
therefore
seemeth
greater
.
2.
Why
in
round
and
Sphaericall
glasses
euery
thing
appeareth
crooked
to
the
eye
.
In
all
glasses
the
forme
of
the
figure
seene
,
followeth
the
forme
of
the
figure
reflecting
,
but
the
reflection
from
the
superficies
or
outside
,
is
after
the
forme
of
the
Superficies
which
is
crooked
,
therefore
must
the
thing
seene
needs
appeare
crooked
.
3.
Why
in
the
said
Round
glasses
all
things
appeare
lesse
then
in
plaine
glasses
.
Because
the
concourse
or
meeting
of
the
beames
,
with
the
perpendicular
line
in
orbicular
glasses
is
neerer
to
the
eye
then
in
plaine
glasses
:
Euclide
giues
another
reason
which
is
this
.
Because
(
saith
he
)
in
plaine
glasses
,
the
reflexion
is
greater
&
more
forceable
then
in
the
round
,
for
as
I
said
the
Idolon
or
Image
is
of
the
nature
of
the
Superficies
reflecting
the
same
.
4
Why
in
a
glasse
broken
to
peeces
,
in
euery
peece
you
see
a
seuerall
face
,
and
but
one
,
if
you
ioyne
them
together
.
The
reason
is
the
diuersitie
of
position
or
situation
,
which
may
be
gathered
by
a
concaue
or
hollow
glasse
,
wherein
you
shall
see
your
face
in
sundrie
places
at
once
there
being
a
reflexion
from
euery
part
of
the
glasse
.
Heereupon
in
vneuen
glasses
,
your
face
will
appeare
to
be
monstrous
.
5
Why
square
things
by
distance
seeme
vnto
vs
to
be
long
as
Courts
,
the
roofes
of
Churches
&
houses
,
&c.
Because
the
excesse
or
multitude
of
beames
falling
vpon
the
sides
of
the
square
bodie
indirectly
presented
to
the
eye
,
is
not
proportionate
with
a
sensible
proportion
to
those
beames
that
fal
vpon
the
side
directly
against
the
eye
by
comparison
with
the
whole
distance
.
Besides
sight
is
not
able
to
discerne
the
obliquitie
of
the
sides
,
because
it
is
seene
sidewaies
vnder
longer
beames
,
and
a
lesser
angle
.
6
Why
the
Sunne
and
Moone
appeare
bigger
at
their
rising
or
setting
,
then
when
they
are
in
our
verticall
point
.
One
reason
is
,
because
as
I
said
before
,
any
thing
that
hath
a
relation
to
a
greater
space
,
is
imagined
greater
,
the
other
is
the
corruption
(
as
I
may
say
)
of
the
ayre
or
medium
being
at
morning
,
and
●uening
more
subiect
to
vapors
and
exhalations
then
at
any
other
time
,
the
same
reason
may
be
giuen
;
an
apple
in
the
water
,
of
birds
and
stakes
vpon
the
Sea
sands
,
which
being
foure
or
fiue
miles
off
appeare
bigger
vnto
you
,
then
neere
hand
,
the
like
of
trees
that
appeare
twice
as
bigge
in
a
mistie
or
rimie
morning
then
indeed
they
are
,
hereupon
a
friend
of
mine
was
notably
cosened
in
a
bargaine
of
timber
hee
bought
by
the
great
,
in
a
mistie
morrning
,
but
I
feare
me
within
these
few
yeares
,
the
mistes
will
be
so
thicke
,
we
shall
see
no
timber
at
all
.
7
Why
a
burning
glasse
causeth
fire
.
The
reason
is
the
concurse
and
concentration
of
the
broken
beames
with
the
perpendicular
in
the
midst
of
the
glasse
being
round
and
thicke
.
8
Why
all
things
appeare
downward
in
the
water
.
Euery
thing
seemeth
downward
in
the
water
by
reason
of
the
fall
of
the
other
beames
in
the
Catheton
or
perpendicular
.
CHAP.
XI
.
Of
Lant-skip
.
LAndtskip
is
a
Dutch
word
,
and
it
is
as
much
as
we
should
say
in
English
landship
,
or
expressing
of
the
land
by
hilles
,
woods
,
Castles
,
Seas
,
vallies
,
ruines
,
hanging
rockes
,
Cities
,
Townes
,
&c.
as
farre
as
may
be
shewed
within
our
Horizon
.
If
it
be
not
drawne
by
it selfe
or
for
the
owne
sake
,
but
in
respect
,
and
for
the
sake
of
some
thing
else
:
it
falleth
out
among
those
things
which
we
call
Parerga
,
which
are
additions
or
adiuncts
rather
of
ornament
,
then
otherwise
necessarie
.
Generall
rules
for
Landtskip
.
YOV
shall
alwaies
in
your●
Landtskip
shew
a
faire
Horizon
,
and
expresse
the
heauen
more
or
lesse
eyther
ouercast
by
clouds
,
or
with
a
cleere
skie
,
shewing
the
Sunne
rising
or
setting
ouer
some
hill
or
other
:
you
shall
seldome
,
except
vpon
necessitie
,
shew
the
Moone
or
Starres
,
because
we
imagine
all
things
to
be
seene
by
day
.
2
If
you
shew
the
Sunne
,
let
all
the
light
of
your
trees
,
hilles
,
rockes
,
buildings
,
&c.
be
giuen
thitherward
:
shadow
also
your
clouds
from
the
sunne
:
and
you
must
be
verie
daintie
in
lessening
your
bodies
by
their
distance
,
and
haue
a
regard
,
the
farther
your
Landtskip
goeth
to
those
vniuersalia
,
which
as
Aristotle
saith
(
in
respect
of
their
particulars
concealed
from
our
sences
)
are
notiora
:
as
in
discerning
a
building
tenne
or
twelue
miles
off
,
I
I
cannot
tell
whether
it
be
Church
,
Castle
,
House
,
or
the
like
:
So
that
in
drawing
of
it
,
I
must
expresse
no
particular
signe
as
Bell
,
Portculleis
,
&c.
but
shew
it
as
weakly
and
as
faintly
as
mine
eye
iudgeth
of
it
,
because
all
those
particulars
are
taken
away
by
the
greatnesse
of
the
distance
.
I
haue
seene
a
man
painted
comming
downe
a
hill
some
mile
and
a
halfe
from
mee
,
as
I
iudged
by
the
Landskip
,
yet
might
you
haue
told
all
the
buttons
of
his
dublet
:
whether
the
painter
had
a
quicke
inu●ntion
,
or
the
Gentlemans
buttons
were
as
big
as
those
in
fashion
,
when
Mounseur
came
into
England
,
I
will
leaue
it
to
my
readers
iudgement
.
If
you
lay
you
Lantskip
in
colours
,
the
farther
you
goe
,
the
more
you
must
lighten
it
with
a
thinne
and
ayerie
blew
,
to
make
it
seeme
farre
off
,
beginning
it
first
with
a
darke
greene
,
so
driuing
it
by
degrees
into
a
blew
,
which
the
densitie
of
the
ayre
betweene
our
sight
,
and
that
place
doth
(
onely
imaginarily
)
effect
.
Of
the
fairest
and
most
beautifull
Landtskips
in
the
world
.
Of
Landtskips
by
land
the
fairest
may
be
taken
vpon
mount
Libanus
neere
Hierusalem
,
whence
you
may
discerne
all
those
holy
places
where
our
Sauiour
liued
,
and
in
a
manner
all
ouer
the
holy
Land
,
moreouer
you
may
plainely
view
all
the
townes
vpon
the
Sea
coast
,
and
into
the
Sea
,
as
farre
as
Cyprus
,
being
distant
from
Ioppa
,
or
Iaffa
(
the
first
entrie
or
landing
place
within
the
holy
land
)
two
hundred
and
fiftie
miles
.
At
Constantinople
you
haue
as
faire
a
Landtskip
as
any
where
else
in
the
world
,
as
well
in
regard
o●
the
beautifull
places
behinde
,
as
the
goodly
prospect
into
bo●h
Seas
.
Vpon
the
mount
Ida
in
Candie
called
by
the
Inhabitants
Psilloritie
,
where
you
shall
see
vnderneath
you
the
most
goodly
countrey
of
the
world
affording
all
manner
of
delight
Nature
can
affoord
,
shadie
woods
of
all
manner
of
trees
bearing
fruit
as
Oliues
Orengies
,
and
Figtrees
,
Cedars
,
Sis●is
.
(
that
beareth
that
excellent
gumme
Ladanum
being
made
of
the
dew
of
heauen
falling
vpon
the
leaues
)
vallies
,
tapistry
with
innumerable
sorts
of
flowers
great
store
of
rockes
,
and
little
hilles
whereon
grow
most
fruitfull
wines
in
great
plentie
,
yeelding
that
excellent
wine
we
call
Malmseie
,
and
from
whence
discend
a
tho●sand
small
riuers
that
water
the
whole
country
,
none
of
them
so
bigge
as
they
are
able
to
ca●ry
a
boate
.
The
chiefe
townes
of
the
whole
Iland
Candia
(
being
the
chiefe
,
and
scituate
at
the
foote
of
the
said
mount
Ida
,
)
Cania
Sit●io
and
Rethymo
,
and
the
faire
hauen
of
Meleca
,
into
the
Sea
Eastward
toward
the
Cape
Solomone
,
you
haue
in
your
view
the
gulfe
Satellia
or
Siriatica
,
westward
a
goodly
prospect
from
the
Adiatique
Sea
,
to
the
North
the
Archipelago
,
and
to
the
South
the
Sea
of
Carthage
.
The
fairest
prospects
of
Italy
are
about
Naples
,
Millane
,
Lago
d●
Como
,
and
di
●uarda
neere
Peschera
,
also
vpon
Monte
d●
Santa
Croce
,
as
you
come
from
Genoa
,
vpon
the
Appenines
(
being
the
ridge
or
backe
bone
of
the
countrey
)
and
vpon
those
Alpes
that
are
adioyning
to
Piemont
.
In
Spaine
if
you
would
trie
your
skill
in
Landtskip
,
or
perfect
an
excellent
peece
in
this
kinde
,
I
would
send
you
to
the
magnificent
Escuriall
.
About
Valledolid
,
and
toward
the
Sea
side
neere
Cartagena
.
In
France
about
the
Constables
house
ten
miles
off
from
Paris
,
Amiens
,
A●ignon
(
belonging
to
the
Pope
)
Fontainee-bleau
many
places
in
Normandie
,
Burdeaux
,
and
Rochell
.
In
Germanie
you
haue
no
fairer
prospeects
then
vpon
the
banke
of
the
Rhine
.
In
England
I
like
best
at
Windsore
and
the
countrey
there
abouts
,
the
prospect
which
you
take
of
the
Citie
of
London
vpon
high
gate
all
the
countrey
about
Roiston
with
many
other
places
.
Of
the
Graces
of
Landtskip
.
Though
inuention
and
imitation
in
this
kind
are
infinite
,
you
must
haue
a
care
to
worke
with
a
sound
iudgement
,
that
your
work
become
not
ridiculous
to
the
beholders
eye
as
well
for
true
obseruation
of
the
di●tance
as
absurditie
of
accident
:
that
is
,
though
your
Landtship
be
good
and
true
in
generall
,
yet
some
particular
error
ouerslips
your
iudgement
eyther
in
mistaking
or
not
ob●eruing
the
time
and
season
of
the
yeare
,
the
true
shadow
of
your
wo●ke
with
the
light
of
the
Sunne
,
the
bending
of
trees
in
winds
and
tempests
,
the
naturall
course
of
riuer
and
such
like
.
To
settle
therfore
your
iudgment
in
these
and
the
like
,
I
wish
you
first
to
imitate
the
abstract
or
labour
of
euery
month
.
Not
as
a
foolish
Painter
vndertaking
the
like
,
and
beginning
with
Ianuary
,
drew
him
sitting
in
wicker
chaire
like
an
old
man
,
with
three
or
foure
night
caps
on
his
head
,
by
the
fire
his
slip
shoes
by
and
one
foote
vpon
the
tongues
within
the
chimney
,
&
without
doores
hay●ocks
,
greene
trees
,
and
as
if
it
had
beene
in
the
midst
of
Iuly
.
Wherefore
I
say
such
a
winter
peece
should
be
graced
and
beautified
with
all
manner
of
workes
and
exercises
of
winter
,
as
foot
ball
,
●elling
of
wood
,
sliding
vpon
the
yce
,
ba●fowling
by
night
,
hunting
the
beares
,
or
foxe
in
the
snow
,
making
you
trees
euery
where
bare
or
laden
with
snow
,
the
earth
without
flowers
,
and
catell
the
ayre
thicke
with
clouds
,
riuers
and
lakes
frozen
,
which
you
may
shew
by
cartes
passing
ouer
,
or
boyes
playing
vpon
the
same
,
and
a
thousand
the
like
.
The
same
methode
obserue
in
the
other
seasons
.
If
you
draw
your
Landskip
according
to
your
inuention
,
you
shall
please
very
well
,
if
you
shew
in
the
same
,
the
faire
side
of
some
goodly
Citie
,
hauen
,
forrest
,
stately
house
with
gardens
,
I
euer
tooke
delight
in
those
peeces
that
shewed
to
the
like
a
countrey
village
,
faire
or
market
,
Bergamas●as
cookerie
,
Morrice
dancing
,
peasants
together
by
the
eares
,
and
the
like
.
For
your
Parergas
or
needlesse
graces
,
you
may
set
forth
the
same
with
farme
houses
,
water
milles
,
pilgrimes
trauelling
through
the
woods
,
the
ruines
of
Churches
,
Castles
,
&c.
but
you
shall
finde
your
conceipt
seconded
with
a
thousand
inuentions
.
CHAP.
XIII
.
Of
Draperie
.
DRapery
(
so
called
of
the
French
word
Drap
,
which
is
cloth
)
principally
consisteth
in
the
true
making
and
folding
your
garment
,
giuing
to
euery
fold
his
proper
naturall
doubling
and
shadow
;
which
is
a
great
skill
,
and
scarce
attained
vnto
by
any
of
our
countrey
and
ordinarie
painters
:
insomuch
that
if
I
would
make
triall
of
a
good
workeman
;
I
would
finde
him
quickly
by
the
folding
of
a
garment
,
or
the
shadowing
of
a
gowne
,
sheete
,
or
such
like
.
What
Method
is
to
be
obserued
in
drapery
The
method
now
to
be
obserued
in
Draperie
,
is
to
draw
first
the
outmost
or
extreme
lines
of
your
garment
,
as
you
will
,
full
of
narrow
,
and
leaue
wide
and
spare
places
,
where
you
think
you
shall
haue
neede
of
foldes
;
draw
your
greater
foldes
alwaies
first
,
not
letting
any
line
touch
,
or
directly
crosse
another
,
for
then
shall
you
bring
an
irrecouerable
confusion
into
your
worke
:
when
you
haue
so
done
,
breake
your
greater
foldes
vnto
lesse
,
which
shall
be
contained
within
them
:
I
would
giue
you
an
example
,
but
euery
print
will
shew
you
the
like
;
all
your
foldes
consistes
of
two
lines
and
no
more
,
which
you
may
turne
with
the
garment
at
your
pleasure
:
beginne
your
maine
and
greatest
foldes
,
from
the
skirt
vpward
,
and
the
closer
the
garments
sit
,
the
narrower
you
must
make
them
:
for
the
shadowing
of
euery
seuerall
fold
,
obserue
the
first
rule
I
gaue
you
in
the
Chapter
of
shadowing
,
and
spare
not
to
shadow
your
foldes
,
(
be
they
neuer
so
curiously
contriued
)
if
they
fall
inward
from
the
light
,
with
a
double
or
treble
shadow
;
as
you
shall
s●●
occasion
:
for
the
shadow
take
his
place
in
one
and
the
same
manner
aswell
in
folding
as
without
:
some
haue
vsed
to
draw
the
bodie
naked
first
,
and
after
to
haue
put
on
the
apparrell
,
but
I
hold
it
as
an
idle
conceit
,
and
to
small
purpose
.
I
would
herein
aboue
all
other
haue
you
to
imitate
Albert
Du●er
,
if
you
can
get
his
peeces
,
if
not
Goltzius
or
some
other
.
Generall
obseruations
and
rul●s
for
Drapery
.
-
1
Your
greater
folds
must
be
continued
throughout
the
whole
garment
,
the
lesser
you
may
breake
and
shorten
at
your
pleasure
.
-
2
The
shadowes
of
all
manner
of
silkes
,
and
fine
linnen
are
very
thicke
,
and
fine
,
so
that
your
foldes
must
not
onely
be
little
,
but
their
shadow
or
deepening
very
light
,
and
rare
,
which
commonly
at
the
most
is
but
a
double
shadow
giuen
with
a
new
,
and
the
finest
pen
.
-
3
You
must
not
vse
much
folding
where
the
garments
ought
to
sit
close
,
or
any
eminency
appeare
,
as
commonly
there
doth
in
the
breasts
of
a
woman
,
the
armes
,
belly
,
thighes
,
legs
,
&c.
but
to
shew
art
,
you
shall
leaue
the
forme
of
the
breast
,
legge
.
&c.
to
appeare
thorough
,
which
you
may
doe
by
sha●dowing
the
brest
or
legge
,
(
after
you
draw
it
)
on
one
or
either
side
,
leauing
it
white
.
-
4
As
I
told
before
of
the
light
,
so
must
you
in
your
draperie
haue
a
care
of
the
winde
and
motion
of
the
ayre
,
for
driuing
your
loose
apparrell
all
one
way
,
as
Ouid
describes
the
garments
of
Europa
,
when
she
by
Iupiter
carried
ouer
the
Sea
:
The
best
drapery
in
the
world
is
held
to
be
,
that
done
by
Michael
Angelo
in
the
Popes
Chappell
in
Rome
:
and
that
by
Raphael
Vrbane
in
Millane
in
the
Church
of
St.
Victor
at
Nostre
Dame
in
Amiens
,
and
many
other
places
.
CHAP.
XIIII
.
Of
Diapering
.
DIapering
is
deriued
(
as
I
take
it
of
the
Greeke
verbe
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
which
is
,
traij●io
or
transeo
,
in
English
to
pass●
or
cast
ouer
,
and
it
is
nothing
else
but
a
light
tracing
or
running
ouer
with
your
pen
(
in
Damaske
branches
,
and
such
like
)
your
other
worke
when
you
haue
quite
done
(
I
meane
foldes
,
shadowing
and
all
)
it
chiefely
serueth
to
counterfeite
cloth
of
Gold
,
Siluer
,
Damask
brancht
,
Veluet
,
Chamlet
,
&c.
with
what
branch
,
and
in
what
fashion
you
list
.
If
you
diaper
vpon
folds
,
let
your
worke
be
broken
,
and
taken
as
it
were
by
the
halfe
:
for
reason
telleth
you
that
your
fold
must
couer
somewhat
vnseene
,
which
being
drawne
forth
at
length
and
laid
plaine
,
sheweth
all
faire
and
perfect
:
as
Ouid
saith
of
tapistry
.
Sic
vbi
tolluntur
festis
aulaea
theatris
,
Surgere
signa
solent
,
primumque
ostendere
vultus
:
Caetera
paulatim
placidoque
educta
tenore
,
Tota
patent
—
You
must
moreouer
in
diapering
,
let
your
worke
fall
out
so
,
that
there
may
be
an
affinitie
,
one
part
with
the
other
,
maintaining
one
branch
or
the
same
worke
throughout
,
setting
the
fairest
in
the
most
eminent
place
,
and
causing
it
to
runne
vpward
:
otherwise
one
might
imagine
some
foolish
Tailor
had
cut
out
his
Ladies
gowne
the
wrong
way
.
To
make
a
chamlet
,
you
shall
draw
but
fiue
lines
waued
ouerthwart
,
if
your
diapering
consist
of
a
double
line
;
you
may
either
shadow
the
ground
,
and
leaue
it
white
,
or
shadow
your
worke
,
and
leaue
the
ground
white
:
as
you
shall
thinke
good
,
in
this
kind
your
filling
may
be
with
small
pricks
of
your
pens
end
,
which
will
shew
faire
.
CHAP.
XV.
Of
Antique
.
ANtique
so
called
ab
antes
,
which
are
butteresses
,
whereon
the
building
is
staied
,
also
the
outmost
ranges
of
vines
,
not
ab
antiquitate
as
some
would
haue
it
:
the
Italian
calleth
it
L'antica
,
it
hath
the
principall
vse
in
forefronts
of
houses
,
in
all
maner
of
compartments
,
curious
Architecture
,
Armour
,
Plate
,
Iewels
,
Columnes
,
&c.
though
you
shal
seldome
haue
any
great
vse
of
it
,
yet
I
would
haue
you
know
what
it
is
,
and
what
to
obserue
in
it
:
The
forme
of
it
is
a
generall
,
and
(
as
I
may
say
)
an
vnnaturall
or
vnorderly
composition
for
delight
sake
,
of
men
,
beasts
,
birds
,
fi●hes
,
●lowres
,
The
forme
of
Anticke
.
&c.
without
(
as
we
say
)
Rime
or
reason
,
for
the
greater
variety
you
shew
in
your
inuention
,
the
more
you
please
,
but
remembring
to
obserue
a
methode
or
continuation
of
one
and
the
same
thing
throughout
your
whole
worke
without
change
or
altering
.
You
may
,
if
you
list
,
draw
naked
boyes
riding
and
playing
with
their
paper-mils
or
bubble-shels
vpon
Goates
,
Eagles
,
Dolphins
&c.
the
bones
of
a
Rams
head
hung
with
strings
of
beads
and
Ribands
,
Satyres
,
Tritons
,
Apes
,
Cornu-copia's
,
Dogs
yoakt
,
&c.
drawing
Cowcumbers
,
Cherries
,
and
any
kind
of
wild
traile
or
vinet
after
your
owne
inuention
,
with
a
thousand
more
such
idle
toyes
,
so
that
herein
you
cannot
be
too
fantastical
.
The
late
Dutch
peers
in
this
kinde
excell
all
others
,
and
certainly
I
know
not
by
what
destinie
the
Germanes
haue
won●e
vnto
them
(
aboue
other
nations
)
the
glory
of
inuention
,
generally
in
picture
:
for
except
it
be
a
Dutch
peece
,
you
shall
haue
it
either
lame
,
ill
cut
,
false
shadowed
or
subiect
to
some
such
grosse
error
.
Where●ore
,
not
without
reason
,
Bodine
calleth
the
country
officinam
hominum
a
shoppe
of
men
,
as
from
whence
a
man
might
be
had
for
all
turnes
,
Ge●m●nie
a
〈◊〉
of
men
.
either
Diuine
,
Phisitian
,
Souldier
,
Painter
,
&c.
Though
much
I
confesse
may
be
imputed
to
the
industrie
of
that
Nation
:
(
for
none
in
the
world
are
more
painfull
then
they
)
yet
without
question
the
people
of
themselues
,
as
they
are
ingenious
and
capable
of
all
other
arts
,
so
naturally
they
are
inclined
to
this
of
Painting
:
Since
the
greatest
persons
among
them
as
Duke●
,
E●rle●
,
and
in
a
manner
all
the
Gentlemen
doe
beare
an
inbr●d
loue
of
drawing
,
and
of
themselues
by
their
owne
practise
grow
many
times
wonderfull
expert
herein
:
yet
none
at
this
day
,
who
fauoureth
a
good
picture
,
or
any
excellency
in
that
kinde
,
more
then
Rodulph
the
Emperour
now
liuing
.
CHAP.
XVI
.
Of
Drawing
beasts
,
birds
,
flowers
,
&c.
YOV
shall
finde
among
beasts
some
more
harder
to
be
drawne
then
others
,
for
two
respects
,
one
is
for
a
cleane
making
and
shape
,
together
with
finenesse
of
the
cote
or
skin
:
the
other
for
their
nimblenesse
and
much
action
,
both
which
you
may
for
example
see
to
fall
out
in
a
horse
,
whose
lineaments
are
both
passing
curious
,
and
coate
so
fine
,
that
many
sinewes
,
yea
and
the
smallest
veines
must
be
showne
in
him
,
besides
whose
action
is
so
diuers
,
that
for
hardnesse
of
draught
I
know
not
any
one
beast
may
be
compared
to
the
horse
;
for
sometime
you
must
draw
him
in
his
carreer
with
his
manage
,
and
turne
,
doing
the
Cor●etto
,
leaping●
&c.
which
you
shall
not
finde
in
the
Elephant
,
Cow
,
Beare
,
or
Hog
,
as
being
beasts
heauie
and
sloathfull
by
nature
:
Moreouer
wanting
that
finenesse
of
coate
or
hide
,
so
that
you
shall
escape
a
great
trouble
in
shewing
veines
,
knitting
of
ioynts
,
with
the
eminency
almost
of
euery
bone
in
them
which
you
haue
in
a
horse
&
greyhound
.
Now
for
the
manner
of
drawing
these
or
any
other
beast
whatsoeuer
;
begin
with
your
lead
or
coale
(
as
before
I
told
you
,
and
gaue
you
a
generall
rule
)
at
the
forehead
,
drawing
downward
the
nose
,
mouth
,
vpper
and
nether
chap
,
ending
your
line
at
the
throat
,
then
searching
it
againe
where
you
began
,
from
the
forehead
ouer
the
head
,
eares
,
and
necke
:
continuing
it
till
you
haue
giuen
the
full
compasse
of
the
buttocke
,
but
I
will
giue
you
an
example
.
I
begin
in
this
Lion
my
first
stroke
at
A
,
bringing
it
downe
to
B
,
making
the
nose
,
mouth
,
and
nether
chap
with
one
line
,
as
you
s●e
there
I
rest
:
then
fetch
I
that
line
forward
behind
by
C.
making
the
compasse
o●
his
mane
by
prickes
with
my
penne
(
because
if
I
should
make
a
line
,
I
could
not
make
it
iagged
)
then
bring
I
the
backe
downe
to
the
taile
or
D
,
leauing
a
little
space
for
it
,
I
continue
my
line
from
thence
to
E
,
or
the
heele
,
where
I
rest
:
then
beginne
I
againe
at
B
,
and
making
the
breast
with
the
eminency
thereof
I
stay
at
F
,
bringing
out
his
neere
sore
foote
,
which
I
finish
:
then
beginne
I
at
G
,
not
stirring
my
hand
till
I
come
to
the
foote
or
paw
at
H
,
where
I
finish
it
quite
at
E
,
or
the
heele
.
I
next
draw
from
his
belly
two
strokes
at
I
and
K
:
I
make
the
other
legge
behinde
,
then
the
right
fore
foote
issuing
from
the
breast
:
then
I
finish
the
taile
,
pawes
,
tongue
,
teeth
,
beard
,
and
last
of
all
the
shadowing
:
which
methode
you
shall
obserue
in
all
beastes
howsoeuer
they
stand
.
Obseruations
of
the
shadowing
.
YOu
see
him
shadowed
on
the
backe
side
from
CD
,
vnto
E
,
the
reason
is
the
light
beateth
on
his
fore
part
,
wherefore
of
necessitie
the
shadow
must
be
in
euerie
part
behinde
,
eare
,
mane
,
backe
,
hinder
legge
,
&c.
But
you
may
say
,
how
happeneth
it
then
,
that
his
nether
chap
&
some
part
of
his
throate
and
belly
are
shadowed
being
both
with
the
light
?
I
answere
the
light
of
it
owne
nature
can
n●uer
fall
vnder
,
but
take
the
place
aboue
or
the
vpper
part
,
which
place
is
heere
prepossessed
by
the
vpper
and
nether
chappe
,
which
as
you
see
fall
in
betweene
,
as
likewise
the
fore
foote
to
the
belly
,
which
cause
a
shadow
in
eyther
of
those
places
.
The
treble
shadow
as
it
ought
,
is
giuen
to
the
most
inward
places
:
if
your
beast
be
not
in
charge
,
that
is
,
not
in
armes
,
and
you
arme
to
shew
the
ground
vnder
his
feet
;
you
must
make
his
farther
feet
on
the
other
side
somewhat
shorter
then
those
next
you
:
the
reason
is
,
that
distance
of
earth
between
them
deceiueth
the
sight
,
causing
the
neerer
to
seeme
longest
:
as
you
may
see
by
opening
or
stretching
your
fore
and
middle
finger
like
a
paire
of
compasses
long
waies
from
you
,
vpon
a
boord
or
table
,
drawing
them
with
your
pen
as
they
stand
,
and
obseruing
the
space
betweene
.
Beasts
more
hard
to
be
drawne
for
their
shape
and
action
.
-
The
Lion
.
-
The
Horse
.
-
The
Rhinoceros
.
-
The
Vnicorne
.
-
The
Stagge
.
-
The
Lucirne
.
-
The
Grey-hound
.
-
The
Hiena
.
-
The
Leopard
.
-
The
Ownce
.
-
The
Tiger
.
-
The
Panther
.
-
The
Ape
,
&c.
Others
more
easie
.
-
The
Elephant
.
-
The
Dromedarie
.
-
The
Camel
.
-
The
Beare
.
-
The
Asse
.
-
The
Hogge
.
-
The
Sheepe
.
-
The
Badger
.
-
The
Porc-●spine
.
-
The
Wolfe
.
-
The
Foxe
.
-
The
Cow
.
-
The
Ottar
.
-
The
Hare
.
-
The
Coney
.
-
The
Al
maner
of
rough
&
shag
hair
dogs
.
In
drawing
these
and
all
other
beasts
,
the
better
you
obserue
their
shape
and
action
,
the
better
shall
you
please
,
and
your
iudgement
be
commended●
wherefore
a
Painter
had
need
to
be
well
seene
in
naturall
Philosophie
.
The
meanest
workman
can
draw
the
ordinary
shape
of
a
Lion
,
when
scarce
the
best
of
them
all
know
,
that
his
hinder
parts
are
so
small
,
that
there
is
in
a
manner
a
disproportion
betweene
his
forepart
and
them
:
so
that
if
I
should
draw
him
in
this
manner
among
our
ordinary
painters
,
my
work
would
be
condemned
as
lame
,
when
I
deserued
most
commendation
.
Moreouer
if
you
aske
a
countrey
painter
whether
he
could
draw
a
Crocodile
or
no
,
The
ignorance
o●
〈◊〉
common
pa●nte●s
.
he
will
make
no
question
of
it
,
when
as
except
he
trauelled
through
AEgypt
,
or
met
with
Aristotle
in
English
,
all
the
wit
he
had
,
could
not
so
much
as
set
the
chaps
right
,
or
giue
the
suture
truly
in
the
head
,
to
s●ew
the
motion
of
his
vpper
chap
,
which
no
other
creature
in
the
world
moueth
,
saue
onely
hee
.
If
you
draw
your
beast
in
an
Embleme
or
such
like
,
A
Landtskip
must
be
giuen
to
euery
beast
according
to
his
countrey
.
you
shall
sometime
shew
a
Landtskip
(
as
it
is
ordinarily
obserued
by
iudicious
workmen
)
of
the
countrey
naturall
to
that
beast
,
as
to
the
Rhinoceros
an
East-Indian
Landtskip
,
the
Crocodile
an
AEgyptian
,
by
laying
the
ground
low
without
hils
,
many
woods
of
Palme
trees
,
heere
and
there
the
ruine
of
a
Pyramis
,
and
so
forth
of
the
rest
.
Of
Birdes
.
There
is
lesse
difficulty
in
drawing
birdes
then
beasts
,
and
least
of
all
in
flowers
,
yet
art
and
needfull
directions
to
be
obserued
in
all
of
them
:
begin
your
draught
in
a
bird
,
as
I
said
,
at
the
head
,
and
beware
of
making
it
too
big
:
Van
Londerseet's
peeces
are
much
to
blame
for
this
fault
,
for
in
most
of
them
the
heads
of
all
his
birds
are
too
great
by
a
third
part
,
neither
is
that
fault
proper
to
him
alone
,
but
to
many
good
workemen
else
.
You
shall
best
remedie
that
by
causing
a
bird
to
be
held
or
tied
before
you
,
where
you
shall
take
with
your
compasses
a
true
proportion
,
which
afterwards
you
may
conclude
into
as
small
a
forme
as
you
list
:
there
is
not
the
same
reason
of
proportion
(
it
is
true
)
in
the
heads
and
bodies
of
all
birds
alike
,
but
hereby
you
shall
euer
after
be
acquainted
with
a
reasonable
proportion
,
which
though
you
hit
not
iustly
,
you
shal
come
very
neere
:
hauing
drawne
the
head
,
bring
from
vnder
throat
,
the
breast
line
downe
to
the
legs
;
there
stay
:
and
begin
at
the
pineon
to
make
the
wing
,
which
being
ioyned
with
the
backe
line
is
presently
finished
:
the
eye
,
legs
,
and
traine
must
be
at
last
,
and
(
as
I
tolde
you
before
in
beasts
)
let
the
farther
leg
euer
be
shortest
,
the
feathers
as
the
hair●
in
beasts
,
must
take
their
beginning
at
the
head
very
small
,
and
in
fiue
rankes
fall
one
way
backward
greater
and
greater
,
as
this
your
example
sheweth
.
For
flowers
,
flies
,
and
such
like
,
I
will
leaue
them
(
being
things
of
small
moment
)
to
your
owne
discretion
,
counselling
you
a●
your
leasure
,
when
you
walke
abroad
into
the
fields
,
to
gather
&
keepe
them
in
little
boxes
vntill
you
shall
haue
occasion
to
vse
them
.
To
draw
a
flower
,
begin
it
ab
vmbone
,
or
the
bosse
in
the
midst
:
as
in
a
Rose
,
or
Marigold
,
there
is
a
yealow
tuft
,
which
being
first
made
,
draw
your
lines
equally
diuided
,
from
thence
to
the
line
of
your
compasse
,
which
you
are
the
first
to
giue
,
and
then
the
worst
is
past
.
You
may
shew
your
flower
,
either
open
and
faire
in
the
bud
,
laden
with
deaw
and
wet
,
worme-eaten
,
the
leaues
dropt
away
with
ouer
ripenesse
,
&c.
and
as
your
flower
,
so
first
draw
rudely
your
leaues
,
making
them
plaine
with
your
coale
or
lead
,
before
you
giue
them
their
veines
or
iaggednesse
.
For
butterfli●s
,
bees
,
waspes
,
grashoppers
,
and
such
like
,
which
we
call
Insecta
,
some
of
them
are
easie
to
be
drawne
,
and
not
hard
to
be
laid
in
colours
:
because
the
colours
are
simple
,
and
without
composition
,
as
perfect
red
,
black
,
blew
,
yellow
,
&c.
which
euery
ordinary
painter
may
lay
,
who
if
they
should
be
put
(
by
mixture
of
many
colours
)
to
make
that
purple
of
a
pigeons
necke
,
or
giue
the
perfect
colour
but
of
a
flesh-flie
or
mallards
wing
,
you
should
see
them
at
their
wits
end
.
In
the
monethes
of
Iune
and
Iuly
I
was
woont
at
my
leasure
to
walke
into
the
fields
,
and
get
all
manner
of
flies
,
flowers
,
herbs
,
&c.
which
I
either
put
presently
into
colours
,
or
kept
preserued
all
the
yeare
to
imitate
at
my
pleasure
in
close
boxes
.
CHAP.
XVII
.
The
most
notable
absurdities
that
our
Painters
ordinarily
commit
.
THE
first
absurditie
is
of
proportion
naturall
,
commonly
called
lamenesse
,
[
](A09198-e8250-b)1
1
Of
lamenesse
.
that
is
,
when
any
part
or
member
is
disproportionable
to
the
whole
body
,
or
●eemeth
through
the
ignorance
of
the
Painter
,
to
bee
wrested
from
his
naturall
place
and
motion
:
As
in
Peter-brough
Minster
,
you
may
see
Saint
Peter
painted
,
his
head
very
neere
,
or
altogether
as
bigge
as
his
middle
:
and
it
is
ordinary
in
countrey
houses
to
see
horsemen
painted
,
and
the
rider
a
great
deale
bigger
then
his
horse
.
[
](A09198-e8290-b)2
2
Of
locall
distance
.
The
second
is
of
Landtskip
,
or
Locall
distance
,
as
I
haue
seene
painted
a
Church
,
and
some
halfe
a
mile
beyond
it
the
●icaredge
;
yet
the
Vicars
chimney
strawne
bigger
than
the
steeple
by
a
third
part
,
which
being
lesse
o●
it selfe
,
ought
also
to
be
much
more
abated
by
the
distance
.
[
](A09198-e8310-b)3
3
Accidents
of
time
.
Iud.
7.
The
third
absurditie
is
of
accident
of
time
,
that
is
,
when
we
fashion
or
attribute
the
proprieties
of
ancient
times
to
those
of
ours
,
or
ours
to
theirs
:
As
not
long
since
I
found
painted
in
an
Inne
Bethulia
besieged
by
Holophernes
,
where
the
painter
,
as
if
it
had
beene
at
Ostend
,
made
his
East
and
West
batteries
,
with
great
ordinance
and
small
shot
playing
from
the
wals
,
when
you
know
that
ordinance
was
not
inuented
of
two
thousand
yeares
after
.
The
fourth
is
in
expressing
passion
or
the
disposition
of
the
mind
,
[
](A09198-e8350-b)4
4
In
ex●●essing
th●
passi●n
or
disposition
of
the
mind
,
Q●ali●
equos
Th●●issa
●atiga●
H●rpalice
.
as
to
draw
Mars
like
a
yong
Hippolitus
with
an
effeminate
countenance
,
Venus
like
an
Amazon
,
or
that
same
hotspurd
H●rpalice
in
Virgil
,
AE●●id
.
1.
this
proceedeth
of
a
sencelesse
&
ouercold
a
iudgement
.
The
fift
is
of
Drapery
or
attire
,
[
](A09198-e8450-b)5
5
Of
drapery
in
not
obs●ruing
a
decorum
in
garments
proper
to
euery
seuerall
condition
and
calling
,
as
not
giuing
to
a
king
his
Robes
of
estate
,
with
their
proper
furres
and
linings
:
To
religious
persons
an
habite
fitting
with
humilitie
and
contempt
of
the
world
;
A
notable
example
of
this
kind
I
found
in
a
Gentlemans
hall
,
which
was
King
Salomon
sitting
in
his
throne
with
a
deepe
lac'd
gentlewomans
Ruffe
,
and
a
Rebato●
about
his
necke
,
vpon
his
head
a
black
veluet
cap
with
a
white
feather
;
the
Queene
of
Sheba
kneeling
before
him
in
a
loose
bodied
gowne
,
and
a
French
hood
.
The
sixt
of
shadowing
,
[
](A09198-e8490-b)6
6
Of
shadowing
.
as
I
haue
seene
painted
the
flame
of
a
candle
,
and
the
light
thereof
on
one
side
shadowed
three
parts
,
when
there
ought
to
haue
beene
none
at
all
,
because
it
is
corpus
luminosum
,
which
may
cause
a
shadow
but
take
none
.
The
seuenth
of
motion
as
a
certaine
painter
absurdly
made
trees
bend
with
the
wind
one
way
,
and
the
feathers
of
the
Swanne
,
vpon
which
an
Eagle
was
praying
to
flie
an
other
Albert
Durer
was
very
curious
in
this
kind
,
as
in
the
hayre
of
S.
Hieroms
Lion
,
and
S.
Sebastians
Dog
.
CHAP.
XVIII
.
Of
the
Sence
of
seeing
,
and
of
the
Eye
.
NOw
before
I
come
to
entreate
particularly
of
colours
,
it
●hall
not
be
amisse
as
well
for
methode
as
for
pleasure
,
to
speake
somewhat
of
that
sensitiue
part
of
the
soule
which
we
call
sight
,
without
which
it
were
in
vaine
for
mee
to
discourse
of
colours
,
or
you
to
read
what
I
haue
written
concerning
the
same
,
therefore
in
briefe
I
will
declare
the
worthinesse
of
this
sence
,
and
of
the
Eye
the
Organe
or
instrument
thereof
.
To
begin
with
the
definition
,
the
Sence
of
seeing
is
a
facultie
of
the
sensible
soule
,
whose
Organe
is
the
Eye
,
and
obiect
is
whatsoeuer
may
be
seene
.
Now
since
the
soule
is
farre
more
worth
then
the
bodie
,
I
must
of
necessitie
first
speake
of
this
most
ex●ellent
sence
before
I
come
to
the
baser
and
corruptible
instrument
,
or
the
obiect
thereof
.
It
hath
beene
a
great
and
ancient
controuersie
amongst
the
best
Philosophers
,
I
mean
Plato
,
Aristotle
the
Stoicks
,
and
Academicks
,
whether
visus
fieret
,
extra
vel
intra
mittendo
,
that
is
,
whether
we
receiue
the
obiect
or
that
which
we
see
into
our
eye
,
or
whether
our
eye
by
a
secret
facultie
of
the
soule
casts
and
sendeth
forth
certaine
beames
to
apprehend
that
which
we
looke
vpon
,
which
question
as
it
is
hard
to
decide
,
so
it
is
most
pleasant
and
not
beside
our
purpose
to
bee
resolued
in
the
same
.
Heare
I
pray
you
the
varietie
of
opinions
among
excellent
men
.
Plato
thought
that
the
sight
was
caused
by
Emission
or
casting
forth
beames
against
the
obiect
.
In
Tim●●
.
The
Mathematicians
in
Aristotles
time
agreeing
also
with
Plato
,
The
opinion
of
the
old
Mathematicians
.
affirmed
visum
fieri
extrami●tendo
,
by
sending
forth
from
the
eye
:
and
all
sight
to
stretch
it selfe
forth
in
the
forme
of
a
Pyramis
,
the
Conus
or
point
whereof
was
in
the
eye
ball
,
and
the
Basis
dispersed
vpon
the
obiect
.
Empedocles
(
as
also
Plato
)
thought
there
was
in
the
eye
a
certaine
little
fire
not
burning
,
but
which
yeelded
as
it
were
a
light
,
the
beames
whereof
,
meeting
with
the
beames
of
the
ayre
or
medium
,
grew
vnited
,
and
more
strong
betweene
both
which
beames
the
sight
was
effected
.
Democritus
said
(
the
truest
)
that
it
proceeded
of
water
,
but
he
is
taxed
of
Aristotle
,
because
he
though
,
visionem
in
rei
spectabilis
simulachro
tantum
consistere
:
Others
thought
that
it
cast
forth
a
certaine
animall
spirit
with
the
beame
.
Others
againe
supposed
that
that
s●●e
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
stretching
it selfe
vnto
the
obiect
,
and
beaten
backe
to
be
possessed
of
the
same
forme
,
and
afterward
the
soule
as
it
were
stirred
vp
to
perceiue
the
formes
of
things
by
meanes
of
that
secret
facultie
it
sent
forth
.
Neither
did
the
Platonicks
and
Stoicks
want
arguments
of
strength
and
probability
as
they
thought
to
maintaine
the
same
against
Aristotle
:
I
will
propound
some
,
and
after
answere
them
letting
or
receiuing
.
-
1
First
say
they
,
if
sight
be
caused
by
emission
,
then
the
neerer
and
closer
the
obiect
is
to
the
eye
,
the
more
perfectly
it
is
perceiued
,
but
this
is
false
.
-
2
Secondly
,
if
sight
be
caused
by
intromission
or
receiuing
in
the
forme
of
that
which
is
seene
,
contrarie
Species
,
or
formes
should
be
receiued
confusedly
together
,
and
at
the
same
instant
,
as
white
and
black
,
which
thing
how
absurd
it
is
,
Aristotle
shewes
in
his
Metaphisickes
and
other
places
.
-
3
Thirdly
,
the
eye
is
easily
wearied
with
beholding
,
therefore
something
proceedeth
forth
from
the
same
.
-
4
Fourthly
,
how
can
that
Pyramis
,
whose
point
is
in
the
superficies
of
the
eye
,
be
carried
and
drawne
forth
with
a
smaller
sharpnesse
.
-
5
Fiftly
,
we
find
by
experience
,
that
a
menstruous
woman
infecteth
with
her
sight
a
looking
glasse
,
causing
the
same
to
become
faint
and
dimme
,
therefore
of
necessitie
something
must
needes
proceede
out
of
her
eyes
.
This
Aristotle
himselfe
confesseth
,
Lib.
de
somnijs
.
-
6
Sixtly
,
a
Basiliske
killeth
with
his
sight
.
-
7
Seuenthly
and
lastly
:
Cats
,
Wolues
,
Owles
,
and
other
creatures
,
see
best
in
the
night
to
runne
and
catch
their
prey
,
which
they
discerne
most
perfectly
,
they
cannot
see
by
intromission
or
receiuing
inward
the
forme
of
their
prey
be
it
mouse
,
hare
,
or
whatsoeuer
,
because
light
(
by
meanes
of
which
onely
the
obiect
is
receiued
into
the
eye
)
is
wanting
,
Ergo●
their
eyes
send
●orth
the
beames
,
and
Aristotles
opinion
is
vtterly
false
.
To
the
●irst
argument
I
answere
out
of
Plato
,
as
also
out
of
Aristotle
,
that
to
the
affecting
of
the
sight
,
there
must
be
medium
illustratum
,
a
clee●e
medium
,
that
is
,
such
a
distance
that
there
may
be
light
enough
betweene
the
eye
and
the
obiect
,
which
there
is
not
,
if
you
lay
your
eye
close
to
the
same
.
To
the
second
I
answere
,
that
species
or
formes
be
not
contrarie
,
for
were
that
granted
,
the
medium
should
haue
in
it
infinite
contrarieties
from
euerie
part
of
the
ayre
compassing
it
about
,
and
continually
multiplying
the
formes
of
things
.
To
the
third
,
the
sence
of
seeing
is
so
farre
forth
weakened
and
made
faint●
as
the
eye
,
the
Organe
or
Instrument
therof
becommeth
vnable
to
endure
beholding
,
for
the
power
of
the
sight
suffereth
not
,
nor
groweth
old
,
as
were
an
old
mans
eyes
young
,
his
sight
would
not
faile
him
.
To
the
fourth
argument
I
answere
,
that
distance
being
not
perceiued
by
the
eye
,
but
by
the
common
sence
,
the
point
of
the
Pyramis
is
not
lesser
to
mine
eye
,
by
remouing
or
going
backe
,
but
alwaies
one
and
the
selfe
same
.
To
the
fift
,
it
is
not
the
sight
of
the
woman
that
infecteth
the
glasse
,
but
certaine
grosse
and
putrefacted
vapors
,
that
issue
from
the
eies
,
as
we
see
in
those
that
doe
laborare
opthalmia
.
To
the
sixt
,
of
the
Basiliske
,
I
answere
the
most
haue
held
it
fabulous
,
yet
suppose
it
to
be
true
,
the
best
authors
haue
written
that
infection
proceedeth
from
his
breath
not
his
eyes
.
To
the
seuenth
and
last
,
it
is
replied
,
that
cats
and
wolues
retaine
a
certaine
naturall
light
in
N●ruo
optico
,
which
serueth
them
as
a
Medium
to
●iscerne
plainly
any
thing
by
night
.
To
conclude
to
these
and
all
other
obiections
for
emission
of
the
sight
,
in
briefe
I
answere
with
this
dilemma
vnanswerable
.
If
any
thing
be
sent
out
from
the
eye
it
is
either
corporeal
or
incorporeal
,
if
corporeal
,
it
hath
motum
localem
,
or
mouing
in
place
and
time
,
which
motion
seemeth
to
be
swifter
then
the
motion
of
the
heauen
,
for
the
eye
in
a
minute
can
discerne
from
one
part
of
the
heauen
to
the
other
,
which
were
repugnant
to
truth
and
all
Philosophie
.
Say
it
were
light
and
no
corporall
substance
,
it
followed
,
though
that
a
sensitiue
part
of
the
soule
went
forth
with
the
same
,
and
that
an
accident
should
become
the
subiect
of
the
soule
,
nothing
can
be
granted
more
absurd
.
If
incorporeall
,
as
Metaphysicall
,
it
cannot
mooue
the
sence
:
Now
it
remaineth
,
that
according
to
Aristotle
and
the
truth
,
wee
decide
this
controuersie
concerning
the
sight
,
wherein
so
many
famous
Philosophe●s
haue
beene
blind
.
How
sight
is
caused
according
to
Aristotle
.
Aristotle
saith
,
that
the
motion
which
passeth
or
commeth
betweene
the
eye
,
and
the
obiect
,
whether
it
be
the
light
or
ayre
,
is
the
efficient
cause
of
sight
,
his
words
bee
,
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
.
To
explaine
his
meaning
better
,
there
concurreth
to
sight
a
double
motion
one
from
the
obiect
into
the
medium
,
the
other
from
the
medium
(
ayre
or
●ight
)
to
the
eye
,
so
that
I
may
say
the
eye
receiues
the
forme
of
the
obiect
at
a
second
hand
,
as
it
were
from
the
medium
,
being
conueyed
as
it
were
halfe
the
way
by
a
former
motion
.
For
Aristotle
in
his
second
de
anima
,
strongly
proueth
against
Democritus
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
non
pati
ab
obiecto
sed
à
medio
.
So
that
sight
is
caused
by
receiuing
the
colour
or
obiect
into
the
eye
by
a
second
motion
against
Plato
,
Plato
v●●ius
●emper
&
v●e
si●i
constans
.
Empedocles
,
the
Stoicks
,
and
all
other
that
haue
held
the
contrary
.
Of
the
eye
,
the
Organ
or
Instrument
of
sight
.
Some
and
amongest
those
before
named
,
Empedocles
haue
supposed
the
eye
to
haue
beene
fierie
,
Aristotle
as
I
remember
alledgeth
one
of
his
arguments
,
which
was
this
,
the
eye
being
ruled
or
hauing
receiued
a
blow
seemeth
as
it
were
to
sparkle
with
fire
,
the
●est
are
of
like
force
,
whom
after
hee
hath
confuted
with
two
good
reasons
,
the
one
is
,
that
if
the
eye
were
fierie
;
it
should
see
it selfe
;
the
second
,
it
should
see
clearly
in
the
darke
,
as
a
candle
in
a
lanthorne
,
he
determines
the
question
,
and
affirmes
it
to
be
of
a
watery
substance
.
The
Phisitions
also
cold
,
and
of
the
nature
of
the
braine
.
The
parts
and
wonder●ull
composition
of
the
eye
.
The
eye
being
the
most
excellent
Organ
of
the
noblest
sence
,
&
the
tend●est
part
of
the
body
,
is
by
nature
as
it
were
a
pearle
shut
vp
within
a
four
fold
casket
,
that
it
might
the
better
be
preserued
from
iniury
as
the
most
precious
Iewell
and
sole
treasure
of
the
bodie
,
for
it
is
defended
with
foure
coates
or
skinnes
,
the
fir●t
whereof
is
called
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
which
is
adnata
,
or
close-bred
by
this
,
the
eye
is
fastened
and
ioyned
,
the
second
is
ca●led
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
or
cornea
,
as
it
were
of
horne
,
compassing
the
eye
round
,
it
is
transparen●
:
this
de●endeth
the
humour
and
water
of
the
eye
,
and
is
placed
about
the
ball
,
least
the
outward
light
meeting
with
the
Cristaline
humour
should
dazell
and
o●fend
the
sight
,
&
to
keepe
this
humour
from
drying
Tunica
v●●e
,
or
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
compasseth
it
about
,
this
againe
doth
compasse
another
coate
like
a
cob-web
of
bl●cke
colour
called
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
of
Arachne
,
vnder
which
lies
a
moisture
like
molten
glasse
,
which
they
call
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
and
it
is
thicke
,
within
this
remaineth
a
little
pearle
(
as
in
the
center
vnmoued
)
most
hard
,
rese●bling
yce
or
Cristall
,
whereon
it
is
called
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
it
is
round
,
but
more
flat
towards
the
ball
of
the
eye
,
that
it
might
giue
the
watrie
humour
a
better
lustre
,
and
defend
it
from
iniurie
.
The
ball
of
the
eye
is
fat
and
thicke
,
neither
hath
that
fat
of
it selfe
any
heate
in
it
,
but
warmeth
by
the
force
of
heate
it
receiueth
from
the
muscles
that
serue
the
eye
,
who
also
are
couered
with
fatnesse
,
hence
the
eie
neuer
freezeth
.
Why
the
eye
●euer
fre●●eth
.
Thus
much
of
the
sence
of
seeing
,
and
of
the
eye
.
CHAP.
XIX
.
Co●our
what
it
is
,
of
the
obiect
of
the
sight
,
and
the
diuision
thereof
.
COlour
according
to
Scaliger
is
a
qualitie
compounded
of
the
element●
and
the
light
,
so
farre
forth
as
it
is
the
light
Auerrois
&
Auenpa●e
,
said
it
was
actus
corporis
terminati
,
others
a
bare
superficies
.
Aristotle
called
it
corp●ris
extremitatem
,
the
extremitie
or
ou●most
of
a
bodie
.
The
obiect
of
the
sight
is
any
thing
whatsoeuer
may
be
visible
,
Plato
deuideth
visible
thinges
into
three
heades
,
which
-
are
Equall
.
-
are
Greater
.
-
are
Lesse
.
Equall
are
all
transparent
things
,
which
let
the
sight
through
,
and
are
not
properly
said
to
be
seene
as
the
ayre
,
water
,
yce
,
cristall
,
and
the
like
.
Greater
,
which
he
calleth
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
which
spread
or
scatter
the
sight
by
that
meanes
,
hurting
the
same
as
all
white
things
.
The
lesse
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
which
gather
the
sight
together
,
and
which
are
improper
,
or
rather
no
obiectes
at
all
,
as
all
blacknesse
.
Whether
all
colours
be
compou●ded
of
white
and
blacke
or
no.
Theophrastus
hath
long
since
laboured
to
prooue
blacke
to
be
no
colour
at
all
,
his
reason
is
,
because
that
colour
is
proper
to
none
of
the
elements
,
for
saith
he
,
water
,
ayre
and
earth
are
white
,
and
the
fire
is
yellow
,
but
rather
would
fetch
it
from
white
and
yealow
,
whereto
Scaliger
leauing
Aristotle
,
perhaps
for
singularitie
sake
,
seemeth
to
giue
consent
,
who
sets
downe
foure
primarie
or
first
colours
,
viz.
White
in
the
drie
bodie
-
as
the
earth
.
Greene
in
thicke
and
moist
-
as
the
water
.
Blew
in
the
thin
and
moyst
-
as
the
ayre
.
Yealow
in
the
hot
-
as
the
fire
.
Yet
not
without
reason
,
for
Aristotle
affirmed
that
black
was
the
priuation
of
white
,
as
darknesse
of
light
,
to
whom
Scaliger
replies
,
that
nothing
can
be
made
of
priuation
and
habit
,
but
we
will
leaue
their
arguments
,
and
proceede
to
the
species
and
seuerall
kindes
of
colours
,
shewing
by
their
Etymologies
,
their
seuerall
nature
,
and
af●er
declare
the
manner
of
their
mixture
and
composition
.
CHAP.
XX.
Of
the
choyce
of
your
grinding
stone
,
Mullar
,
Penc●ls
,
making
your
gummes
,
gylding
,
&c.
HAuing
hitherto
as
plainely
as
I
could
,
giuen
you
those
directions
,
I
haue
thought
most
necessarie
for
drawing
with
the
pen
:
I
will
shew
you
next
the
right
mingling
and
ordering
of
your
colours
,
that
after
you
can
draw
indifferent
well
(
for
before
I
would
not
haue
you
know
what
colours
meaneth
)
you
may
with
more
delight
apparrell
your
wo●k
with
the
liuely
and
naturall
beautie
:
and
first
of
the
choice
of
your
grinding
stone
and
pencils
.
I
like
best
the
porphytie
,
white
or
greene
Marble
,
with
a
muller
or
vpper
stone
of
the
same
,
The
choice
of
your
grinding
stone
and
mullar
.
cut
verie
euen
without
flawes
or
holes
:
you
may
buy
them
in
London
,
of
those
that
make
toombes
,
they
will
last
you
your
life
time
,
wearing
very
little
or
nothing
:
some
vse
glasse
,
but
many
times
they
gather
vp
their
colours
on
the
ground
:
others
slates
,
but
they
with
wearing
(
though
neuer
so
hard
at
the
first
)
will
kill
all
colours
:
you
may
also
make
you
a
mullar
of
a
flat
pibble
,
by
grinding
it
smooth
at
a
grindstone
,
if
you
doe
it
handsomely
,
it
is
as
good
as
the
best●
your
great
muscle
shelles
commonly
called
horse
muscles
are
the
best
for
keeping
colours
,
you
may
gather
them
in
Iuly
about
riuers
sides
,
the
next
to
●hese
are
the
small
muscle
shelles
washt
and
kept
very
cleane
.
Chuse
your
pencels
by
their
fastnesse
in
the
quils
,
and
their
sharpe
points
,
after
you
haue
drawne
and
whetted
them
in
your
mouth
;
you
shal
buy
them
one
after
another
for
eight
or
tenne
pence
a
dozen
at
the
Apothecaries
.
CHAP.
XXI
.
Of
the
seuerall
Gummes
that
are
vsed
in
grinding
of
water
colours
.
Gumme
Arabicke
.
THE
first
and
principall
is
Gumme
Arabicke
,
choose
it
by
the
whitenesse
,
cleerenesse
,
&
the
brittlenesse
of
it
being
broken
betweene
your
teeth
:
for
then
it
is
good
,
take
it
and
lay
it
in
very
faire
water
,
vntill
it
be
quite
resolued
,
and
with
it
grinde
your
colours
:
you
may
make
it
thinne
or
thicke
,
as
all
other
Gummes
,
at
your
pleasure
,
by
adding
and
taking
away
the
water
you
put
to
it
.
2.
Gumme
Hederae
,
or
of
the
Iuie
.
There
is
another
very
excellent
gumme
that
proceedeth
from
the
Iuie
,
which
you
shall
get
in
this
manner
:
finde
out
first
an
Oke
,
or
house
that
hath
a
great
branch
of
Iuie
climing
vp
by
it
,
and
with
an
axe
cut
it
a
sunder
in
the
midst
,
and
then
with
your
axe
he●d
bruise
both
ends
,
and
let
it
sta●d
a
moneth
or
thereabouts
,
at
what
time
you
shal●●●ke
from
it
a
pure
and
fine
gumme
,
like
an
oyle
,
w●●ch
issueth
out
of
the
ends
:
take
it
off
handsomely
with
a
knife
or
spoone
,
and
keepe
it
in
a
viall
;
it
is
good
to
put
into
your
gold
size
and
other
colours
for
three
respectes
,
first
it
allaies
the
smell
of
the
size
,
secondly
,
it
taketh
away
the
bubbles
that
arise
vpon
your
gold
size
,
&
other
colours
,
lastly
it
taketh
away
the
clamminesse
,
and
fatnesse
from
your
other
colours
:
there
is
moreouer
great
vse
of
it
in
the
confection
of
pomander
.
3
Gumme
lake
.
Gumme
lake
is
made
with
the
glaire
of
egs
,
strained
often
and
very
short
,
about
March
or
Aprill
:
to
which
about
the
qua●tity
of
a
pinte
you
must
put
two
spoonfull
of
honey
,
and
as
much
of
Gumma
Hederae
as
a
hasell
nut
,
and
foure
good
spoonefuls
of
the
strongest
woort
you
can
come
by
:
then
straine
them
againe
with
a
sponge
,
or
peece
of
wooll
,
so
fine
as
you
can
,
and
so
long
,
till
that
you
see
them
runne
like
a
fine
and
cleare
oyle
,
keepe
it
then
in
a
cleane
glasse
,
it
will
grow
hard
,
but
you
may
resolue
it
againe
with
a
little
cleare
water
,
as
you
doe
gumme
Arabicke
:
it
is
moreouer
an
excellent
vernish
for
any
picture
.
4
Gumme
Armoniacke
.
Take
Gumme
Armoniacke
,
and
grinde
it
with
the
iuyce
of
Garlicke
so
fine
as
may
be
,
to
which
put
two
or
three
drops
of
weake
Gumme
Arabicke
water
,
and
temper
it
so
,
that
it
be
not
too
thicke
,
but
that
it
may
runne
well
out
of
your
penne
,
and
write
therewith
what
you
will
,
and
let
it
drie
,
and
when
you
mean
to
gyld
vpon
it
,
cut
your
gold
or
siluer
according
to
the
bignesse
of
the
size
you
haue
laid
;
and
then
se●
it
with
a
peece
of
wooll
in
this
manner
:
first
breath
vpon
the
size
,
and
then
lay
on
your
gold
vpon
it
gently
taken
vp
,
which
presse
downe
hard
with
your
peece
of
wooll
,
and
then
let
it
well
drie
,
being
dried
,
with
a
fine
linnen
cloath
strike
off
finely
the
loose
gold
:
then
shall
you
finde
all
that
you
drew
very
faire
gold
,
and
cleane
as
you
haue
drawne
it
,
though
i●
were
as
small
as
any
heire
:
it
is
called
gold
Armoniack
,
&
is
taken
many
times
for
liquid
gold
.
CHAP.
XXII
.
Of
gylding
or
the
ordering
of
gold
and
siluer
in
water
colours
.
YOV
may
gyld
onely
with
gumme
water
,
as
I
will
shew
you
,
make
your
water
good
and
stiffe
,
and
lay
it
on
with
your
pencel
,
where
you
would
gyld
,
then
take
a
cushion
that
hath
smooth
leather
,
and
turne
the
bottome
vpward
,
vpon
th●t
cut
your
gold
with
a
sharpe
knife
;
in
what
quantitie
you
will
,
and
to
take
it
vp
,
draw
the
edge
of
your
knife
finely
vpon
your
tongue
that
it
may
be
onely
wet
:
with
which
doe
but
touch
the
very
edge
of
your
gold
,
it
will
come
vp
,
and
you
may
lay
it
as
you
list
:
but
before
you
lay
it
on
,
let
your
gumme
be
almost
drie
,
otherwise
it
wil
drowne
your
gold
:
and
being
laid
,
presse
it
downe
hard
with
the
skut
of
an
haire
,
afterward
burnish
it
with
a
dogs
tooth
.
I
call
burnisht
gold
,
that
manner
of
gylding
which
we
ordinarily
see
in
old
parchment
&
Masse
bookes
(
done
by
Monkes
and
Priests
who
were
very
expert
herein
,
as
also
in
laying
of
colours
,
that
in
bookes
of
an
hundred
or
two
hundred
yeares
old
you
may
see
the
colours
as
beautiful
and
as
fresh
as
if
they
were
done
but
yesterday
.
)
A
very
faire
manuscript
of
this
kind
Sir
Robert
Cotton
my
worshipfull
friend
had
of
me
,
which
was
King
Edward
the
fourthes
,
compiled
by
Anthony
Earle
Riuers
,
and
as
Master
Cambden
told
me
,
it
was
the
first
booke
that
euer
was
printed
in
England
:
it
lieth
commonly
embos●ed
that
you
may
feele
it
,
by
reason
of
the
thicknesse
of
the
ground
or
size
,
which
size
is
made
in
this
manner
.
Take
three
parts
of
Bole
Armoniacke
,
and
foure
of
fine
chalke
,
grinde
them
together
as
small
as
you
can
with
cleane
water
,
three
or
foure
times
,
&
euery
time
let
it
drie
,
and
see
it
be
cleane
without
grauel
or
girt
,
and
then
let
it
be
throughly
drie
,
then
take
the
glaire
of
egges
and
straine
it
as
short
as
water
;
grind
then
your
bole
,
and
chalke
therewith
,
and
in
the
grinding
put
to
a
little
gumme
Haederae
,
and
a
little
eare
waxe
,
to
the
quantie
of
a
fitch
,
and
fiue
or
sixe
shiues
of
saffron
,
which
grinde
together
as
small
as
you
can
possible
,
and
then
put
it
into
an
oxe
horne
,
and
couered
close
,
let
it
rot
in
hot
horse
dung
,
or
in
the
earth
,
for
the
space
of
fiue
or
sixe
weekes
,
then
take
it
vp
and
lay
it
in
the
ayre
,
(
for
it
will
haue
an
ill
sauour
)
and
vse
it
at
your
pleasure
.
To
set
gold
or
siluer
.
Take
a
peece
of
your
Gumme
,
and
resolue
it
into
a
stiffe
water
,
then
grinde
a
shiue
of
saffron
therewith
,
and
you
shall
haue
a
faire
gold
:
when
you
haue
set
it
,
and
you
see
that
it
is
thorowly
drie
,
rub
or
burnish
it
with
a
dogs
tooth
.
To
make
liquid
gold
or
siluer
.
Take
fiue
or
sixe
leaues
of
gold
or
siluer
,
and
lay
it
vpon
a
cleane
Porphiry
,
marble
stone
,
or
pane
of
glasse
,
and
grinde
it
with
strong
water
of
gumme
Lake
,
and
a
prettie
quantitie
of
great
salt
,
as
small
as
you
can
,
and
then
put
it
into
a
cleane
vessell
,
or
viall
that
is
well
glazed
:
and
put
thereto
as
much
faire
water
as
will
fill
the
glasse
or
vessell
,
to
the
end
it
may
dissolue
the
stiffe
water
you
ground
with
it
,
and
that
the
gold
may
haue
roome
to
goe
to
the
bottome
,
let
it
stand
so
three
or
foure
houres
,
then
powre
out
that
water
,
and
put
in
more
,
vntil
you
see
the
gold
cleane
washed
:
after
that
take
cleane
water
,
which
put
thereto
with
a
little
Sal
Armoniacke
and
great
salt
,
so
let
it
stand
three
or
foure
daies
in
some
close
place
:
then
must
you
distil
it
in
this
maner
,
take
a
peece
of
glouers
leather
,
that
is
very
thinne
,
and
picke
away
the
skinny
side
,
and
put
your
gold
therein
binding
it
close
,
then
hanging
it
vp
,
the
Sal
Armoniacke
will
fret
away
,
and
the
gold
remaine
behinde
,
which
take
,
and
when
you
will
vse
it
,
haue
a
little
glaire
water
in
a
shell
by
you
,
wherein
dip
your
pensill
,
taking
vp
no
more
gold
then
you
shall
vse
.
CHAP.
XXIII
.
The
Etymologie
and
true
mixture
of
colours
.
Of
Blacke
.
BLacke
is
so
called
from
the
Saxon
word
black
,
in
French
No●r
,
in
Italian
Nero
,
in
Spanish
Negro
,
from
the
Latine
Niger
,
and
from
the
Greeke
,
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
which
signifieth
Dead
because
all
dead
and
corrupted
things
are
properly
of
this
colour
,
the
reason
why
they
are
so
,
Aristotle
plainly
sheweth
where
he
saith
:
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
which
is
,
blacknesse
doth
accompany
the
elements
,
confounded
or
commixed
one
with
another
,
as
for
example
of
aire
&
water
mixed
together
,
and
consumed
with
fire
is
made
a
black
colour
,
as
we
may
see
in
charcoales
,
oyle
,
pitch
,
linkes
,
and
such
like
fattie
substances
,
the
smoke
whereof
is
most
blacke
,
as
also
in
stones
and
timber
,
that
haue
laine
long
vnder
water
,
which
when
the
water
is
dried
vp
,
they
lie
open
to
the
sunne
and
aire
,
&
become
presently
of
the
same
colour
:
these
be
the
blacks
which
you
most
commonly
vse
in
painting
,
this
colour
is
simple
of
it selfe
.
-
Harts
horne
burned
.
-
Ordinarie
lampe
blacke●
-
Date
stones
burned
.
-
Iuory
burned
.
-
Manchet
or
white
bread
burned
.
-
The
blacke
of
walnut
shels
.
The
making
of
ordinary
lamp
blacke
.
Take
a
torch
or
linke
,
and
hold
it
vnder
the
bottome
of
a
latten
basen
,
and
as
it
groweth
to
be
furd
and
blacke
within
,
strike
it
with
a
feather
into
some
shell
or
other
,
and
grind
it
with
gumme
water
.
Of
White
.
This
word
white
in
English
commeth
from
the
low
Dutch
word
wit
,
in
high
Dutch
Weif
,
which
is
deriued
from
W●sser
,
that
is
,
water
which
by
nature
is
white
,
yea
thickned
or
condensate
,
most
white
,
as
it
appeareth
by
haile
and
snow
which
are
compounded
of
water
hardned
by
the
coldnesse
of
the
ayre
in
Italian
it
is
called
Bianco
,
in
French
Blanc
,
if
we
may
beleeue
Scaliger
,
from
the
Greeke
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
which
as
he
takes
it
,
signifies
faint
or
weake
:
wherein
happily
he
agreeth
with
Theophrastus
who
affirmeth
omnia
candida
esse
imbecilliora
,
that
all
white
things
are
faint
and
weake
,
hence
I
beleeue
it
is
called
in
Latine
Candidus
,
from
the
Greeke
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
i.
confundo
,
because
whitenesse
confoundeth
or
dazeleth
the
sight
as
we
find
when
we
ride
forth
in
a
snow
in
winter
.
It
is
called
also
albus
of
that
old
Greeke
word
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
the
same
,
hence
had
the
Alpes
their
Etymon
,
because
of
their
continual
whitenesse
with
snow
.
The
Grecians
call
this
colour
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
of
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
video
,
that
is
,
to
see
,
because
,
whitenesse
is
the
most
proper
obiect
of
our
sight
according
to
Aristotle
saying
,
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
that
is
,
whitenesse
,
or
the
obiect
or
sight
,
whitenesse
proceedeth
from
the
water
,
aire
,
and
earth
,
which
by
nature
is
also
white
,
as
we
proue
by
ashes
of
all
ea●th●y
matter
burnt
,
though
to
our
sight
it
seemeth
blacke
,
brownish
,
and
of
other
colours
,
by
reason
of
the
intincture
and
commix●ure
of
other
elements
with
the
same
:
the
principal
whites
in
painting
and
limming
are
these
.
viz.
-
Ceruse
.
-
White
l●●d
.
-
Spanish
white
.
Of
whites
and
their
temp●ring
Venice
Ceruse
.
Your
principall
white
is
Ceruse
,
called
in
Latine
Cerussa
,
by
the
Italian
B●acea
.
Vitr●ui●s
teacheth
the
making
of
it
,
which
is
in
this
manner
.
The
Rhodians
(
saith
he
)
vse
to
take
the
paring
of
vines
,
or
any
other
chips
,
and
lay
them
in
the
bottoms
of
pipes
or
hogsheads
,
vpon
which
they
powre
great
store
of
vinegar
,
and
then
lay
aboue
many
sheets
of
lead
,
and
so
still
one
aboue
another
by
rankes
till
the
hogsheads
are
full
,
then
stop
they
vp
againe
the
hogsheads
close
,
that
no
aire
may
enter
:
which
againe
after
a
certaine
time
being
opened
,
they
finde
betweene
the
lead
and
chips
great
store
of
Ceruse
:
it
hath
beene
much
vsed
(
as
it
is
also
now
adaies●
by
women
in
painting
their
faces
,
whom
Martial
in
his
merry
vaine
skoffeth
,
saying
,
Cerussata
timet
Sabella
sol●m
.
AEtius
saith
it
being
throughly
burnt
,
it
turneth
into
a
faire
red
,
which
he
calleth
Syricum
,
grinde
it
with
the
glaire
of
egs
,
that
hath
lien
rotting
a
month
or
two
vnder
the
ground
,
and
it
will
make
a
most
perfect
white
.
White
Lead
.
White
Lead
is
in
a
manner
the
same
that
Ceruse
is
,
saue
that
the
Ceruce
is
refined
and
made
more
pure
,
you
shall
grinde
it
with
a
weake
water
of
gumme
Lake
,
and
let
it
stand
three
or
foure
daies
,
Roset
and
Vermelion
maketh
it
a
faire
Carnation
.
Spanish
white
.
There
is
another
white
called
Spanish
white
,
which
you
may
make
your selfe
in
this
manner
,
take
fine
chalke
and
grind
it
,
with
the
third
part
of
Alome
in
faire
water
,
till
it
be
thicke
like
pap
,
then
roule
it
vp
into
balles
,
letting
it
lie
till
it
be
drie
,
when
it
is
drie
,
put
it
into
the
fire
,
and
let
it
remaine
till
it
bee
red
hote
like
a
bu●ning
coale
,
and
then
take
it
out
,
and
let
it
coole
:
it
is
the
best
white
of
all
others
to
lace
or
garnish
,
being
ground
with
a
weake
gumme
water
.
Of
Yealow
.
Yealow
is
so
called
from
the
Italian
word
Giallo
,
which
signifieth
the
same
Giallo
,
hath
his
Etymologie
from
Geel
the
high
Dutch
,
which
signifieth
lucere
,
to
shine
,
and
also
hence
commeth
Gelt
,
and
our
English
word
Gold
,
in
French
Iaulne
,
in
Spani●h
Ialde
,
or
Am
●illo
,
in
Latine
Fla●us
luteus
,
of●
lutum
,
in
Greeke
,
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
which
is
Homers
Epithite
for
Menalaus
,
where
he
cals
him
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
and
Silius
imitating
him
,
attributes
the
same
to
the
Hollander
whom
he
calles
Flauicomus
Batau●s
,
by
reason
of
his
yealow
lockes
,
it
is
called
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
ab
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
a
flower
as
if
he
should
say
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
a
beautifull
head
of
haire
,
which
in
times
past
was
accounted
the
bright
yealow
,
which
H●rod●an
so
commendeth
in
the
Emperour
Commo●u●
,
&
the
Romans
supposed
in
the
same
aliquid
numinis
●esse
:
And
it
seemes
AEneas
his
haire
in
Virgil
,
which
his
mother
Venus
bestowed
vpon
him
for
a
more
maiestical
beauty
to
haue
beene
of
the
same
colour
,
or
it
may
be
called
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
haire
worthing
the
kembing
,
but
I
dare
not
be
too
busie
in
Etymologies
,
least
catching
at
the
shadow
I
leaue
the
substance
,
yelow
hath
his
primary
beginning
from
the
Element
of
fire
,
or
Sun-beames
,
Aristotles
reason
is
,
because
all
liquid
things
concocted
by
heate
become
yealow
as
lie
,
wort
vrine
,
ripe
fruit
,
brimstone
,
&c.
so
that
blacke
,
white
,
and
yealow
according
to
Aristotle
are
the
foure
primary
or
principall
colours
as
immediately
proceeding
from
the
elements
,
and
from
those
all
other
colours
haue
their
beginning
.
Your
principall
yealowe
be
these
.
-
Orpiment
.
-
Masticot
.
-
Saffron
.
-
Pinke
yealow
.
-
Oker
de
Luce.
-
Vmber
.
Orpiment
.
Orpiment
called
in
Latine
Arsenicum
,
or
Auripigmentum
,
(
because
being
broken
,
it
resembleth
God
for
shining
and
colour
)
is
best
ground
with
a
stiffe
water
of
Gumme
Lake
,
and
with
nothing
else
:
because
it
is
the
best
colour
of
it selfe
,
it
will
lie
vpon
no
greene
:
for
all
greenes
,
white
lead
,
red
lead
,
and
Ceruse
staine
it
:
wherefore
you
must
deepen
your
colours
so
,
that
the
Orpiment
may
be
the
highest
,
in
which
manner
it
may
agree
with
all
colours
:
it
is
said
that
Caius
a
certaine
couetous
Prince
caused
great
store
of
it
to
be
burned
,
and
tried
for
gold
,
of
which
he
found
some
,
and
that
very
good
;
but
so
small
a
quantitie
,
that
it
would
not
quite
the
cost
in
refining
.
Mas●icot
or
Generall
.
Grinde
your
Masticot
with
a
small
quantitie
of
Saffron
in
Gumme
water
,
and
neuer
make
it
lighter
then
it
is
;
it
will
endure
and
lie
vpon
all
colours
and
mettals
.
Pinke
yealow
.
You
must
grinde
your
Pinke
,
if
you
will
haue
it
sad
coloured
,
with
●affron
;
if
light
,
with
Ceruse
:
temper
it
with
weake
gumme
water
,
and
so
vse
it
.
Oker
de
Luke
.
The
fine
Oker
de
Luke
,
or
Luce
,
and
grind
it
with
a
pure
brasil
water
:
it
maketh
a
passing
haire-colour
,
and
is
a
naturall
shadow
for
gold
.
Vmber
.
Vmber
is
a
more
sad
colour
,
you
may
grinde
it
with
Gumme
water
or
Gumme
lake
:
and
lighten
it
at
your
pleasure
with
a
little
Ceruse
,
and
a
shiue
of
saffron
.
Of
Greene
.
Our
English
word
greene
is
fetched
from
the
high
Dutch
●●un
,
in
the
Belgick
Groen
,
in
French
it
is
called
Coleur
verde
,
in
Italian
and
Spanish
Verde
,
from
the
Latine
Vi●●ais
,
and
that
from
vires
,
quia
viribus
maxime
pollent
in
virente
aetate
vigentia
,
in
Greeke
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
a
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
that
is
,
grasse
or
the
greene
herbe
,
which
is
of
this
colour
,
why
the
earth
hath
this
colour
aboue
others
Aristotle
sheweth
which
is
by
reason
of
the
much
and
often
falling
of
raine
,
and
setting
vpon
the
same
,
for
saith
hee
,
all
water
or
moisture
that
standeth
long
,
and
receiueth
the
beames
of
the
Sun
at
the
fi●st
groweth
greenish
,
afterward
more
blacke
,
after
that
receiuing
as
it
were
another
g●●ene
,
they
become
of
a
grasse
colour
,
for
all
moisture
dried
vp
of
it selfe
becommeth
blacke
,
as
we
see
in
old
wels
and
cesternes
,
and
if
any
thing
hath
lien
long
vnder
water
,
and
afterwards
lying
drie
,
may
receiue
the
heate
of
the
Sunne
(
the
moisture
being
exhaled
and
drawne
away
)
it
becommeth
greene
,
because
that
yealow
proceeding
from
the
Sunne
beames
mixed
with
black
doe
turne
into
a
greene
,
for
where
the
moisture
doth
not
participate
with
the
beames
of
the
Sunne
,
there
remaines
whitenesse
,
as
wee
see
in
most
rootes
and
stalkes
of
herbes
,
which
grow
neere
or
within
the
earth
,
now
when
t●●
moisture
hath
spent
it selfe
farre
in
the
stalke
,
leafe
,
and
flower
,
that
it
cannot
ouercome
the
heat
of
the
ayre
and
Sunne
,
it
changeth
and
giueth
place
to
yealow
,
which
heat
afterward
being
well
concocted
turned
into
seuerall
colours
as
we
see
in
flowers
,
mellow
apples
,
peares
,
plummes
,
and
the
like
,
the
greene
we
commonly
vse
,
are
these
.
-
Greene
bice
.
-
Vert
greece
.
-
Verditure
.
-
Sapgreene
.
Of
the
blew
and
yealow
proceedeth
the
greene
.
Greene
Bice
.
Take
greene
Bice
,
and
order
it
as
you
doe
your
blew
bice
,
and
in
the
self
same
manner
:
when
it
is
moist
and
not
through
drie
,
you
may
diaper
vpon
it
with
the
water
of
deepe
greene
.
Vert-greece
.
Vertgreece
is
nothing
else
but
the
rust
of
brass●●
which
in
time
being
consumed
and
eaten
with
Tal●low
,
turneth
into
green
,
as
you
may
see
many
times
vpon
foule
candlestickes
that
haue
not
beene
often
made
cleane
,
wherefore
it
hath
the
name
in
Latine
AErugo
,
in
French
Vert
de
gris
,
or
the
hoary
gr●ene
:
to
temper
it
as
you
ought
,
you
must
grinde
it
with
the
iuice
of
Rue
,
&
a
little
weake
gumme
water
,
and
you
shall
haue
the
purest
greene
that
is
;
if
you
will
diaper
with
it
,
grinde
it
with
the
lie
of
Rue
,
(
that
is
,
the
water
wherein
you
haue
sod
your
rue
or
herbgrace
)
and
you
shall
haue
an
hoary
greene
:
you
shall
diaper
or
damaske
vpon
your
vert-greece
greene
,
with
the
water
of
sapgreene
.
Verditure
Take
yo●r
verditure
,
and
grinde
it
with
a
weake
Gumme
Arabick
water
,
it
is
the
faintest
and
palest
greene
that
is
,
but
it
is
good
to
veluet
vpon
blacke
in
any
manner
of
drapery
.
Sappe
greene
.
Take
Sappe
greene
,
and
lay
it
in
sharpe
vineger
all
night
,
put
into
it
a
little
Alome
to
raise
his
colour
,
and
you
shall
haue
a
good
greene
to
diaper
vpon
all
other
greenes
.
Of
Blew
.
Blew
hath
his
Etymon
from
the
high
Dutch
,
Blaw
,
from
whence
he
calleth
Himmel-blaw
,
that
which
we
call
skie
colour
or
heauens-blew
,
in
Spanish
it
is
called
Blao
or
Azul
,
in
Italian
Azurro
,
in
French
Azur
of
Lazur
an
Arabian
word
,
which
is
the
name
of
a
stone
,
whereof
it
is
made
,
called
in
Greeke
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
from
whence
it
is
called
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
and
in
Latine
Cyaneus
a
stone
,
as
Dioscorides
saith
,
Discorides
lib.
5.
cap.
106.
or
sandie
matter
found
in
minerals
in
the
earth
,
of
a
most
pure
and
perfect
blew
,
whether
it
be
our
bice
or
no
,
I
know
not
for
a
certaine
,
but
I
remember
Homer
calleth
a
table
,
whose
seete
were
painted
with
bice
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
Hom.
Ili
.
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
.
but
howsoeuer
I
will
not
striue
,
since
I
am
perswaded
many
of
those
colours
,
which
were
in
vse
with
those
excellent
Grecian
painters
in
old
time
are
vtterly
vnknowne
to
vs
.
The
principall
blewes
with
vs
in
vse
are
.
-
Blew
bice
.
-
Smalt
.
-
Litmose
blew
.
-
Inde
baudias
.
-
Florey
blew
.
-
Korck
or
Orchall
.
Blew
Bice
.
Take
fine
Bice
and
grinde
it
vpon
a
cleane
stone
,
first
with
cleane
water
as
small
as
you
can
,
then
put
it
into
an
horne
and
wash
it
on
this
manner
:
put
vnto
it
as
much
faire
water
as
wil
fill
vp
your
horne
,
and
stirre
it
well
,
then
let
it
stand
the
space
of
an
houre
,
and
all
the
bice
shall
fall
to
the
bottome
,
and
the
corruption
will
fleet
aboue
the
water
,
then
powre
away
the
corrupt
water
,
and
put
in
more
cleane
water
,
and
so
vse
it
foure
or
fiue
times
,
at
the
last
powre
away
all
the
water
,
and
put
in
cleane
water
of
Gumme
Arabick
not
too
stiffe
,
but
somewhat
weak
,
that
the
bice
may
fall
to
the
bottome
,
then
powre
away
the
Gumme
water
cleane
from
the
bice
;
and
put
to
another
cleane
water
,
and
so
wash
it
vp
,
and
if
you
would
haue
it
rise
of
the
same
colour
it
is
of
,
when
it
is
drie
,
temper
it
with
a
weake
gum
water
,
which
also
wil
cause
it
to
rise
and
swell
in
the
drying
,
if
a
most
perfect
blew
,
and
of
the
same
colour
it
is
being
wet
,
temper
it
with
a
stiffe
water
of
gumme
lake
,
if
you
would
haue
it
light
,
grinde
it
with
a
little
Cer●se
,
or
the
muting
of
an
hawke
that
is
white
,
if
you
will
haue
it
a
most
deepe
blew
,
put
thereto
the
water
of
litmose
.
Litmose
blew
.
Take
fine
litmose
,
and
grinde
it
with
Ceruse
,
and
if
you
put
to
ouermuch
Litmos
,
it
maketh
a
deepe
blew
:
if
ouermuch
Ceruse
and
lesse
litmos
,
it
maketh
a
light
blew
:
you
must
grinde
it
with
weake
water
of
gumme
Arabeck
.
Indebaudias
.
Take
Indebaudias
and
grinde
it
with
the
water
of
Litmose
,
if
you
will
haue
it
deepe
,
but
if
light
,
grind
it
with
fine
Ceruse
,
and
with
a
weake
water
of
gum
Arabe●k
,
you
shall
also
grinde
your
Engli●h
Indeba●d●●●●
after
the
same
manner
,
which
is
not
fully
so
good
a
colour
as
your
Indebaud●●●
is
:
you
must
Diaper
light
and
deepe
vpon
it
,
wi●●
a
good
litmose
water
.
●l●rey
Blew
.
Take
Florey
blew
,
and
grinde
it
with
a
little
fine
Rose●
,
and
it
will
make
a
deepe
violet
,
and
by
putting
in
a
quantitie
of
Ceruse
it
will
make
a
light
violet
:
with
two
partes
of
Ceru●e
,
and
one
of
red
lead
,
it
maketh
a
perfect
Crane
colour
.
Korke
or
Orchall
.
Take
fine
Orchall
and
grinde
it
with
vnslekt
lime
and
vrine
,
it
maketh
a
pure
violet
:
by
putting
to
more
or
lesse
lime
,
you
may
make
your
violet
light
or
deep
as
you
will
.
To
make
a
blew
water
to
diaper
vpon
all
other
blewes●
Take
fine
litmos
and
cut
it
in
peeces
,
when
you
haue
done
,
lay
it
in
weake
water
of
Gumme
Lake
,
and
let
it
lie
24.
houres
therein
,
and
you
shall
haue
a
water
of
a
most
perfect
azure
,
with
which
water
you
may
diaper
and
dammaske
vpon
all
other
blewes
,
and
sanguines
to
make
them
shew
more
fai●e
and
beautifull
:
if
it
beginne
to
dr●e
in
your
shell
,
moysten
it
with
a
little
more
water
,
and
it
will
be
as
good
as
at
the
first
.
Of
Red.
Red
,
from
the
old
Saxon
Rud
,
as
the
towne
of
Hertford
,
as
my
worshipfull
friend
Master
Camden
in
his
Britannia
noteth
,
first
was
called
by
the
Saxons
Herudford
,
as
much
as
to
say
,
the
Rud
ford
,
or
the
red
ford●
or
water
,
the
like
of
many
other
places
in
England
,
in
high
Dutch
it
is
called
Rot
,
in
low
Dutch
Root
,
without
doub●
from
the
Greeke
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
which
is
the
same
,
in
French
Rouge
,
in
Italian
Rubro
,
from
the
Latine
Ruber
,
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
à
corticibus
vel
grauis
mali
punici
,
from
the
rindes
or
seedes
(
as
Scaliger●aith
●aith
)
of
a
Pomegranate
,
which
are
of
this
colour
.
In
Spanish
it
is
called
Vermeio
,
of
Minium
which
is
Vermilion
.
The
sorts
of
Red
are
these
.
-
Vermilion
.
-
Synaper
lake
.
-
Synaper
tops
.
-
Red
lead
.
-
Roset
.
-
Turnsoile
.
-
Browne
of
Spaine
.
-
Bole
Armoniack
.
Of
Vermilion
.
Your
fairest
and
most
principall
Red
is
Vermilion
,
called
in
Latine
Minium
,
it
is
a
poyson
,
and
found
where
great
store
of
quicksiluer
is
:
you
must
grinde
it
with
the
glaire
of
an
egge
,
and
in
the
grinding
put
to
a
little
clarified
hony
,
and
make
his
colour
bright
and
perfect
.
Sinaper
lake
.
Sinaper
in
Latine
is
called
Cinnabaris
,
it
hath
the
name
Lake
of
Lacca
,
a
red
berry
,
whereof
it
is
made
growing
in
China
and
those
places
in
the
East
Indies
,
as
Master
Gerrard
shewed
me
out
of
his
herbal
,
it
maketh
a
deepe
&
beautifull
red
,
or
rather
purple
,
almost
like
vnto
a
red
Rose
:
the
best
was
wont
to
be
made
,
as
Dioscorides
saith
,
in
L●bia
of
brimstone
and
quicksiluer
burnt
a
long
time
to
a
smal
quantity
:
and
not
of
the
bloud
of
the
Elephant
and
Dragon
,
as
Pl●nie
supposed
:
you
shall
grinde
i●
with
gumme
Lake
,
and
Turnsoile
water
,
if
you
will
haue
it
light
,
put
to
a
little
Ceruse
,
and
it
will
make
a
bright
crimson
,
if
to
diaper
,
put
to
onely
Turnsoile
water
.
Sinaper
Tops
.
Grinde
your
Tops
after
the
same
manner
you
do
your
lake
,
they
are
both
of
one
nature
.
Red
Lead
.
Red
Lead
,
in
Latine
is
called
Syricum
,
it
was
wont
to
be
made
of
Ceruse
burnt
;
which
grinde
with
a
quantitie
of
Saffron
,
and
stiffe
gumme
lake
:
●or
your
Saffron
will
make
it
orient
,
and
of
a
Marigold
colour
.
Turneso●le
.
Turnesoile
is
made
of
old
linnen
ragges
died
,
you
shall
v●e
it
after
this
manner
:
lay
it
in
a
●aucer
of
vineger
,
and
set
it
ouer
a
chasing
dish
of
coales
,
and
let
it
boyle
,
then
take
it
off
,
and
wring
it
into
a
shell
,
a●d
put
vnto
it
a
little
gumme
Arabeck
,
letting
it
st●nd
three
or
foure
houres
,
till
it
be
dissolued
:
it
is
good
to
shadow
carnations
,
and
all
yealowes
.
Ros●t
.
You
shall
grind
your
Roset
with
Brasill
water
,
and
it
wi●l
make
you
a
deepe
and
a
faire
purple
,
if
you
p●t
Ce●use
to
it
,
it
maketh
a
lighter
,
if
you
grinde
it
with
Litmose
,
it
maketh
a
●aire
violet
.
Browne
of
Spayne
.
Grind
your
Browne
of
Spayne
with
Brasill
water
,
and
if
you
mingle
it
with
Ceruse
,
it
maketh
an
horse
flesh
colour
.
●ole
Armoniack
.
Bole
Armoni●ck
is
but
a
faint
colour
,
the
chiefest
vse
of
it
,
is
,
as
I
haue
said
,
in
making
a
size
for
burnisht
gold
.
CHAP.
XXIIII
.
O●
composed
colours
,
Scarlet
colour
.
IN
French
coleur
d'●scarlite
,
Italicè
,
color
Scarlatino
●
porposi●o
,
H●sp
.
color
de
grana
,
Belg●●è
Kermesin
of
Scharlacken
root
,
T●utonice
Rosinfa●b
,
Carmasinsarb
Latine
Coccineus
color
,
Graec.
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
of
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
the
seed
of
Kernel
of
a
Pomgra●●e
,
with
which
in
times
past
they
did
vse
to
〈…〉
colour
:
Aristophanes
saith
,
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
for
to
picke
out
the
graines
of
kernels
of
a
Po●gra●ate
.
The
Arabians
call
this
colour
Che●meb
,
from
whence
commeth
our
Crimson
,
as
Scaliger
saith
,
two
parts
of
verme●ion
,
and
one
of
lake
make
a
perfect
Scarlet
.
A
bright
Mur●e●
.
In
Latine
Mur●hinus
col●r
,
Gra●●●
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
is
a
wonderfull
beautifull
colour
,
computed
of
purple
and
white
,
resembling
the
colour
o●
a
precious
stone
of
that
name
,
which
besides
the
●a●e
colour
yeelde●h
a
maruellous
odoriferous
and
s●eete
smell
:
it
is
found
in
the
Easterne
parts
of
the
world
,
the
best
among
the
Par●hians
,
being
all
ouer
●potted
with
Rosie
coloured
,
and
milke
white
spots
yeelding
a
glosse
like
changeable
silke
of
this
colour
:
of
the
incredible
price
of
these
stone●
Plinie
writeth
,
Lib.
37.
Martial
.
in
like
mann●r
also
seemeth
to
number
them
among
the
precious
things
that
were
brought
to
Rome
where
he
saith
.
Surrentinabibis
?
n●●
murrhina
picta
nec
aurum
Posce
,
dabunt
calices
haec
tibi
vina
snos
.
Some
haue
mistaken
and
thought
that
colour
which
we
call
Murinus
colour
to
bee
this
murrey
which
is
properly
the
colour
of
a
mo●se
or
as
some
will
haue
it
an
asse
colour
.
Others
that
colour
which
we
call
Morellus
,
the
French
Morea●
a
Moris
as
some
would
haue
it
,
but
in
my
opinion
they
are
much
deceiued
.
Lake
Sinast
with
a
quantity
of
white
lead
make
a
murrey
colour
,
one
part
of
white
lead
,
and
two
of
each
of
the
other
.
A
Glassie
Gray
.
The
word
Glasse
it selfe
cometh
from
the
Belgick
and
high
Dutch
:
Glasse
from
the
verbe
Glansen
,
which
signifieth
amongst
them
to
shine
,
from
the
Greeke
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
the
same
,
or
perhaps
from
glacies
in
the
Latine
,
which
is
Ice
,
whose
colour
it
resembleth
,
in
French
it
is
called
Coleur
de
voir
,
in
Italian
v●●reo
color
di
vetro
,
in
high
Dutch
Glasgrum
,
in
Spanish
Color
vidrial
,
in
Greeke
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
from
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
that
is
moist
,
and
that
from
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
pluere
,
to
raine
,
from
whence
also
proceed
those
words
in
Latine
,
humus
,
vdus
,
&c.
It
is
an
aiery
and
and
greenish
white
,
it
serueth
to
imitate
at
sometimes
the
skie
glasses
of
all
sorts
,
fountaines
and
the
like
:
To
make
this
,
mingle
white
lead
or
Ceruse
with
a
little
azure
.
A
Browne
.
Browne
is
called
in
high
Dutch
Braun
of
the
Netherlands
Bruyn
,
in
French
Coleur
brune
,
in
Italian
Bruno
,
in
Greeke
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
from
colour
of
the
AEthiopians
,
for
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
is
to
burne
,
and
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
a
face
,
for
some
haue
imagined
that
blacknesse
or
swarthinesse
in
their
faces
is
procured
through
the
forcible
heate
of
the
Sunbeames
.
In
Latine
it
is
called
fuscus
quasi
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
that
is
,
from
darkening
or
ouershadowing
the
light
,
or
of
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
which
is
to
burne
or
scorch
,
in
which
sense
I
haue
often
read
it
in
Hippocrates
:
this
colour
in
the
ayre
is
called
by
the
learned
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
is
sold
as
much
as
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
terminus
lu●is
,
and
indeed
it
is
taken
properly
for
that
duskie
rednesse
that
appeareth
in
the
morning
either
before
the
Sunrising
,
or
after
the
same
set
.
A
bay
colour
.
In
Latine
it
is
called
Ba●us
aut
castancu●
color
,
A
bay
or
a
Chesnut
colour
,
of
all
others
it
is
most
to
bee
commended
in
horses
,
it
commeth
from
the
Greeke
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
which
is
a
sl●p
of
the
date
tree
pulled
off
with
the
fruit
,
which
is
of
this
colour
,
in
French
Bay
,
Ba●ard
,
in
Italian
Ba●o
,
in
high
Dutch
Kesten-braune
that
is
Chesnut
browne
,
it
is
also
called
of
some
Phoenicius
colour
from
Dates
,
which
the
Grecians
call
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
but
as
I
take
it
improperly
,
for
colour
Phoeniceus
,
is
either
the
colour
of
bright
purple
,
or
of
the
rednesse
of
a
Summer
morning
according
to
Aristotle
,
of
vermilion
,
Spanish
browne
and
blacke
you
shall
make
a
perfect
bay
.
A
deepe
purple
.
From
the
Dutch
purple
,
in
French
Purpurin
,
in
Italian
Porporeo
,
in
the
Spanish
and
Portugall
Purpureo
,
in
Latine
Purpurus
,
in
Greeke
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
from
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
a
kind
of
shelfish
that
yeeldeth
a
liquor
of
this
color
,
wherwith
in
old
times
they
died
this
colour
,
it
is
also
called
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
as
much
as
to
say
,
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
the
worke
of
the
Sea
,
whereupon
Plato
taketh
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
to
be
of
a
deepe
red
mixed
with
blacke
and
some
white
,
and
so
it
is
taken
also
of
Aristotle
and
Lucian
,
it
is
made
,
saith
Aristotle
by
the
weaker
beames
of
the
Sunne
mixed
with
a
little
white
,
and
a
dusky
blacke
,
which
is
the
reason
that
the
morning
and
euening
is
for
the
most
part
of
this
colour
.
Ash
colour
or
gray
.
In
Latine
col●r
Cinereus
in
French
●●l●ur
cen●ree
,
ou
●ris●
,
Ital.
Griso
ber●tino
,
German
.
Asch●n
fra●
,
Hispan
.
color
decen●z
●s
,
In
Greeke
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
that
is
ashes
,
it
is
made
by
equally
mixing
white
and
blacke
,
white
with
Synaper
Indico
,
on●
blacke
make
an
ash
colour
.
A
fiery
or
bright
purple
.
A
fiery
or
bright
purple
is
called
in
Latine
●uniceus
colour
,
in
French
Purpurni
●elnissante
,
Ital.
Rosso
di
Phoenice
,
in
Greeke
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
it
is
made
as
I
said
before
of
blacke
enlightned
with
the
fire
or
beames
o●
the
Suune
:
the
words
of
Aristotle
be
these
:
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
.
It
seemeth
by
Virgil
to
be
the
same
colour
of
which
Roses
are
,
or
ve●y
neere
it
,
for
he
saith
,
Puniceis
humilis
quantum
●a●unca
Roseti●
,
and
againe
in
his
AEneid●s
to
be
that
colour
in
the
morning
,
Puniceis
iniecta
rotis
Aurora
rubebat
,
and
the
Poet
Lucretius
calleth
that
colour
on
the
side
of
ripe
crabs
p●niceum
:
where
hee
saith
,
Matura
colore
arbuta
puniceo
.
A
grassy
or
yealowish
greene
.
In
high
Dutch
Grassgrun
,
in
Belgick
Gersgroe●
,
Gall.
ver
messeè
de
iaulne
,
Italicè
verde
de
giallo
,
Hispanecè
verde
qui
tiene
pocode
Rurio
,
in
Latine
prassinus
,
in
Greeke
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
of
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
which
is
Leeke
,
a
whose
colour
it
resembleth
,
there
is
also
a
precious
stone
called
prasites
of
the
same
colour
.
This
colour
●s
made
g●●n●ing
Ceruse
with
Pinke
,
or
adding
a
little
verditure
wi●h
the
●u●ce
of
Rue
or
herbe
Grace
.
A
S●●●ron
colour
.
Germanice
S●ffr●n-gerb
;
B●lg
.
Saff●●n-geel
,
Gall.
Iau●ne
,
c●me
S●●fran
.
Itali●e
croceo
,
color
di
Saffrano
,
H●spanice
color
d●
a●●sran
from
the
Arabian
word
Za●r●n●
Lat●n●
Croc●●●
c●●or
,
G●●●●
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
a
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
that
is
,
Saffron
,
the
Etymon
of
that
name
in
is
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
from
florishing
in
the
cold
,
for
in
frost
and
snow
the
Saffron
●lower
,
sheweth
the
fairest
,
and
th●iueth
best
,
the
colour
in
washing
is
made
of
S●ff●on
it selfe
by
s●eeping
it
.
A
〈◊〉
colour
.
In
high
Dutch
it
is
cal●ed
Sewe●t●ro
as
you
would
say
in
English
fire
red
,
in
the
Belgick
or
low
Dutch
vier-root
,
glinsterich
ro●t
,
in
Fre●ch
Rouge
come
feu
,
resplendissante
,
In
Italian
color
d●●uoco
,
Hispan
.
color
de
●uego
Latine
rutilus
aut
igneus
,
in
Greeke
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
a
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
which
is
fire
:
it
is
made
of
vermelion
and
orpiment
mixed
deepe
or
light
at
your
pleasure
.
A
Violet
c●lour
.
In
French
col●ur
Violette
,
Ital.
Violato
color
di
viola
,
Hisp.
color
de
violet
●s
,
T●utonice
viol
bra●n
,
Latin
.
violaceus
,
à
viola
,
which
is
a
violet
so
called
of
vitula
,
as
some
imagine
,
in
Greeke
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
from
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
a
violet
it
hath
the
Etymon
from
Io
the
virgin
transformed
into
a
bullock
,
who
grazed
as
the
Poets
fayine
vpon
no
other
herbes
then
violets
,
Roset
,
Ceruse
,
and
Litmose
of
equall
partes
.
A
Lead
colour
.
In
the
Belgicke
Loot-verbe
,
Gallice
coleur
de
plomb
.
Ital.
color
piombo
,
color
liuide
,
Teutonicè
bley-farb
.
Hispan
.
color
catdenno
,
O
color
de
plomo
,
Latinè
liuidus
of
liu●r
,
which
is
taken
for
enuie
,
because
this
colour
is
most
of
all
ascribed
to
enuious
persons
it
is
deriued
from
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
.
CHAP.
XXV
.
How
to
prepare
your
tablet
for
a
picture
in
small
.
TAke
of
the
fairest
and
smothest
pastboord
you
can
get
,
which
with
a
sleeke
stone
rubbe
as
smooth
,
and
as
euen
as
you
can
,
that
done
,
take
the
●ine
skin
of
an
Abortiue
,
which
you
may
buy
in
Pater
no●ter
row
,
and
other
places
,
(
it
being
the
●inest
parchment
that
is
)
and
with
starch
thinne
laid
on
,
and
the
skinne
well
stretched
and
smoth
pressed
within
some
booke
or
the
like
,
prepare
your
ground
or
tablet
,
then
according
to
the
general
complexion
of
the
face
you
are
to
draw
,
lay
on
a
weake
colour
,
that
done
,
trace
out
the
●ies
,
nose
,
mouth
,
and
eare
,
with
lake
or
red
Lead
,
and
if
the
complexion
be
swarthy
,
adde
either
of
sea
coale
,
lampe
blacke
to
deepen
and
shadow
it
,
when
you
haue
thus
done
,
lay
it
by
for
a
day
,
or
till
it
be
well
drie
,
then
by
little
and
little
,
worke
it
with
a
curious
hand
with
the
liuely
colour
,
till
you
haue
brought
it
to
perf●ction
:
but
I
will
lay
before
you
the
practise
of
a
rare
Article
in
stead
of
many
,
that
you
may
imagine
you
saw
it
done
before
you
.
CHAP.
XXV
.
The
practise
of
that
famous
Li●mer
Hippolito
Donato
y●t
liuing
in
Rome
,
in
a
small
picture
of
Christ
.
FIrst
hee
tooke
a
Card
or
smooth
peece
o●
past
boo●d
,
which
after
he
had
well
rubbed
with
a
Sleeke
stone
,
hee
with
starch
finely
layed
on
,
pasted
an
aborti●e
skinne
vpon
the
same
,
which
when
it
was
through
drie
,
smoothed
,
pressed
and
prepared
hee
did
draw
the
forme
of
the
face
with
lines
of
lake
then
on
the
complexion
,
which
he
composed
according
to
the
life
of
white
and
redde
lead
,
adding
therto
as
occasion
serued
,
a
little
Lake
,
Vermilion
,
&c.
Then
hee
came
ouer
the
face
with
a
little
red
Leade
an●
Lake
.
Th●t
done
and
dry
he
mixed
for
the
shadow
vnder
the
eies
,
eie-browes
and
face
redde
leade
lake
like
a
little
●oote
with
a
smal
quantity
of
Lamp
blacke
.
For
the
haire
he
laid
on
first
yealow
oker
very
thinne
and
after
deepened
with
●oot
a
little
lamp
blacke
a●d
his
owne
.
For
the
lips
vsed
a
little
vermillion
with
lake
for
the
shadow
and
the
mouth
stroke
.
For
the
hands
hee
vsed
redde
leade
and
lake
with
which
he
mingled
a
little
lampe
blacke
and
soote
.
For
the
Drape●y
which
hee
termed
Per
panneare
,
he
laied
on
first
lake
very
thinne
,
which
beeing
drie
,
hee
deepened
it
with
the
same
,
which
also
he
obserued
in
●is
blew
.
Although
most
co●monly
it
is
deep●ed
with
Indice
or
Turnsoile
.
O●
mingling
Colou●s
●or
all
manner
o●
G●●ments
and
Drapery
.
Yellow
.
FOr
a
Garment
of
yellow
,
take
Masti●o●
,
deepned
with
browne
oker
and
red
leade
.
Crimson
.
For
Crimson
,
lay
on
your
Lake
very
thinne
,
and
deepen
with
the
same
.
Blew
.
For
Blew
,
vse
Azure
deepned
with
I●die
blew
,
or
lake
heightened
with
whi●e
.
Cloth
of
gold
.
For
Cloth
of
Gold
,
take
browne
Oker
and
liquid
Gold
water
,
and
heighten
vpon
the
same
with
small
strokes
of
Gold
.
Changeable
silke
.
For
changeable
silke
,
the
water
of
Masticot
and
redde
leade
for
the
heightning
,
deepen
the
same
with
sappe
greene
.
Of
other
sorts
.
A
light
blew
,
heightned
with
white
,
and
deepned
with
Lake
.
Straw
colour
.
For
a
straw
cullour
,
Masticot
and
white
heigh●ned
with
Masticot
,
and
deepened
with
Pinke
.
Another
,
red
leade
deepened
with
Lake
.
For
yellowish
garments
,
thinne
pinke
and
deepned
with
pinke
and
greene
.
Another
verditure
deepned
with
sappe
green
and
heightned
about
the
edges
with
gold
.
For
a
Sca●let
,
Scar●et
.
vermillion
deepned
with
Lake
,
and
heightned
with
touches
of
Ma●ticot
.
For
a
blacke
Veluet
,
Blacke
V●luet
.
lay
first
your
garment
ouer
with
Iuory
blacke
,
then
heighten
it
with
Cheristone
blacke
and
a
little
white
.
For
a
blacke
satten
,
Blacke
Satten
.
vse
Cheristone
blacke
and
white
steepened
againe
wi●h
Cheristone
blacke
,
lastly
with
Iuory
black
as
Elephants
tooth
burned
&c.
Another
,
a
faire
blew
deepned
with
lake
and
pursled
●ith
liquid
gold
.
For
a
white
S●tten
,
White
Satten
.
fi●st
very
fine
Ceruse
,
which
d●epen
with
Cheristone
blacke
,
which
height●n
againe
wit●
Ceruse
and
fine
touches
where
the
light
falleth
.
For
a
russet
satten●
Russet
Satten
.
Indie
blew
and
lake
first
thinne
after
deepened
with
Indie
againe
.
To
shaddow
russet
,
take
Cheristone
blacke
,
and
white
for
the
russet
lay
a
light
russet
then
shadow
it
with
white
.
For
purples
,
Purple
.
grinde
lake
and
smalt
together
,
you
may
also
make
them
of
blew
bice
,
red
lead
and
white
light
or
da●ke
as
you
will
.
For
an
orient
violet
,
An
orient
violet
.
grind
Litmose
blew
Smalt
,
somwhat
light
Ceruse
ground
heerewith
maketh
an
orient
colour
for
violets
,
Colombines
and
the
like
,
but
in
their
mixture
let
the
blew
haue
the
vpper
hand
.
To
m●ke
a
most
pure
green
,
Th●
most
excellent
.
take
Verdigrease
,
and
bruise
it
in
a
linnen
cloth
,
and
steepe
it
in
Muscadine
or
Malmesie
for
twelue
houres
,
or
somewhat
more
,
then
straine
it
into
a
shell
,
and
put
therein
a
little
sappe
greene
,
and
it
will
be
perfect
,
but
put
(
I
wish
you
)
no
gumme
at
all
heerein
.
To
make
a
carnation
or
flesh
colour
,
grind
Ceruse
well
washed
with
red
lead
,
or
Ceruse
and
vermillion
Lake
is
not
so
good
.
Out
of
Masticot
,
Vmber
,
yealow
Oker
,
Ceruse
Oker
de
Rous
and
Sea
coale
are
made
for
the
most
part
all
manner
of
haire
colours
.
With
a
perfect
and
faire
green
mingled
with
Masticot
is
made
a
Popingaie
greene
.
For
a
skie
colour
Venice
Ceruse
and
blew
bice
.
A
darke
skie
colour
you
shall
make
of
stone
blew
and
white
,
orpiment
burned
maketh
a
marigold
colour
.
For
a
peach
colour
take
Brasill
water
,
L●gwood
water
,
and
Ceruse
.
To
make
a
Craine
colour
,
mingle
Ceruse
with
Indie
blew
.
For
a
darke
skie
colour
as
in
a
thicke
foggie
and
cloudy
day
mixe
stone
blew
and
white
.
To
make
a
light
purple
mingle
Ceruse
with
logwood
water
.
You
may
moreouer
take
Turnsoile
with
a
little
Lake
:
mingled
together
with
Smalt
or
bice
.
Take
Ceruse
and
Sa●fron
,
it
maketh
a
deeper
shaw
colour
.
Redde
lead
thinly
laid
and
shadowed
with
brown
of
Spaine
,
maketh
a
walnut
colour
.
There
be
certaine
berries
to
be
bought
at
the
Apothecaries
called
Venice
berries
,
bruise
them
and
put
them
into
a
shell
with
Alome
,
then
put
into
a
little
faire
water
,
and
within
an
hower
it
will
bee
a
faire
yealow
to
wash
withall
.
In
grinding
lampe
black
put
into
it
a
little
sugar
,
and
into
the
rest
if
you
will
excepting
blew
and
greene
.
Grind
your
blew
verditure
but
lightly
.
Your
stone
blew
steepe
onely
in
water
,
and
it
will
bee
sufficient
.
To
make
your
saf●ron
shew
fair
steep
it
either
in
faire
water
or
vineger
.
White
is
shadowed
with
blacke
and
so
on
the
contra●y
.
Yellow
is
shadowed
with
vmber
and
the
okers
.
Vermillion
with
Lake
.
Blew
bice
with
Indie
.
Blacke
coale
with
Roset
,
&c.
Other
instructions
for
the
colouring
of
some
other
bodies
.
To
resemble
the
fier
take
Masticot
and
deepen
it
with
Masticot
for
the
flame
.
For
a
tree
take
Vmber
and
white
wrought
with
vmber
and
deepened
wi●h
blacke
.
For
the
leaues
,
Sap
green
&
green
bice
,
the
heightning
verditure
and
white
,
or
Masticot
and
white
.
For
water
,
blew
and
white
,
deepened
with
blew
and
heightned
with
white
.
For
bankes
,
thin
vmber
,
deepened
with
vmber
and
blacke
.
For
a
feather
Lake
,
●rizeled
with
red
lead
:
and
so
by
your
discretion
you
may
iudge
of
the
rest
:
but
I
wish
you
euery
day
to
doe
somwhat
in
practise
,
but
first
to
buy
some
faire
prints
to
exercise
your
pencill
withall
.
CHAP.
XXVI
.
The
manner
of
Annealing
and
Painting
vpon
glasse
.
THere
be
sixe
principall
colours
in
glasse
,
which
are
Or
,
or
yealow
Argent
,
or
white
,
Sables
,
Azure
,
Gules
,
and
Ver●
,
blacke
,
blew
,
red
,
and
greene
.
How
to
make
your
Or
,
or
yealow
vpon
glasse
.
Your
yealow
is
made
in
this
manner
,
take
an
old
groate
,
or
other
peece
of
the
purest
and
best
refined
siluer
,
that
you
can
get
,
then
take
a
good
quantity
of
Brimstone
,
and
melt
it
,
when
ye
haue
done
,
put
your
●●luer
into
the
Brimstone
melted
,
and
take
it
forth
,
gaine
with
a
paire
of
pliers
or
small
tongues
,
and
light
it
at
the
fire
,
holding
it
in
your
tongues
vntil
it
leaue
burning
:
then
beate
your
siluer
in
a
brazen
Morter
to
dust
,
which
dust
take
out
of
the
Morter
,
&
laying
it
on
your
Marble
stone
,
grinde
it
(
adding
vnto
it
a
small
quantitie
of
yealow
Oker
)
with
gum
Arabeck
water
,
and
when
you
haue
drawne
with
your
pencell
what
you
will
,
let
it
of
it selfe
throughly
drie
vpon
the
glasse
.
Another
faire
Gold
or
yealow
vpon
Glasse
.
Take
a
quantitie
of
good
siluer
,
and
cut
it
in
small
peeces
:
Antemonium
beat
to
powder
,
and
put
them
together
in
a
crucible
or
melting
cruse
,
and
set
them
on
the
fire
,
well
couered
round
about
,
with
coales
for
the
space
of
an
houre
:
then
take
it
out
of
the
fire
,
and
cast
it
into
the
bottome
of
a
candlesticke
,
after
that
beat
it
small
into
powder
,
and
so
grinde
it
.
Note
when
as
you
take
your
siluer
,
as
much
as
you
meane
to
burne
,
remember
to
waye
against
●it
sixe
times
as
much
yealow
oaker
as
it
waieth
,
and
seuen
times
as
much
of
the
old
earth
,
that
hath
beene
scraped
of
the
annealed
worke
,
as
your
siluer
waieth
:
which
after
it
is
wel
ground
,
put
altogether
into
a
pot
,
and
stir
it
well
,
and
so
vse
it
,
this
is
the
best
yealow
.
Argent
or
white
.
Argent
or
siluer
,
is
the
glasse
it selfe
,
and
needeth
no
other
colour
,
yet
you
may
diaper
vpon
it
with
other
Glasse
or
Christall
beaten
to
powder
and
ground
.
S●bles
.
Take
let
,
and
the
scales
of
Iron
,
and
with
a
wet
fether
when
the
Smith
hath
taken
an
hea●
,
take
vp
the
scales
that
●lie
from
the
Iron
,
which
you
may
doe
by
laying
the
feather
on
them
,
and
those
scales
that
come
vp
with
the
feather
,
you
shall
grind
vpon
your
painters
stone
,
with
the
let
and
Gumme
water
,
so
vse
it
as
your
gold
aboue
written
.
Azure
,
Gules
,
and
Vert.
These
three
colours
are
to
be
vsed
after
one
manner
,
you
may
buy
or
speake
vnto
some
merchant
you
are
acquainted
withall
,
to
procure
you
what
coloured
beads
you
will
,
as
for
example
,
the
most
and
perfectest
red
beads
,
that
can
be
come
by
,
to
make
you
a
faire
red
,
beat
them
into
powder
,
in
a
brazen
Mortar
,
then
buy
the
Goldsmiths
red
Ammell
,
which
in
any
case
let
be
very
transparent
&
through-shining
,
take
off
the
beads
two
pearles
,
&
of
the
Ammell
one
part
,
and
grinde
them
together
as
you
did
your
siluer
,
in
the
like
sort
may
you
vse
all
the
other
colours
.
Another
faire
red
vpon
Glasse
.
Take
a
quantity
of
Dragons
bloud
,
called
in
Latine
Sanguis
Draconis
,
beate
it
into
fine
powder
in
a
Mortar
,
and
put
it
in
a
linnen
cloth
,
and
put
thereto
strong
Aquauitae
,
and
straine
them
together
in
a
pot
,
and
vse
them
when
you
need
.
Another
excellent
greene
vpon
Glasse
.
Take
a
quantity
of
vert
grease
,
and
grinde
it
very
with
Turpentine
,
when
you
haue
done
,
put
it
into
a
pot
,
and
as
often
as
you
vse
it
warme
it
on
the
fire
.
To
make
a
faire
Carnation
vpon
a
Glasse
.
Take
an
ounce
of
Tinne-glasse
,
one
quarter
of
gum
,
of
Iet
three
ounces
,
of
red
Oker
fiue
ounces
,
and
grind
them
together
.
Another
blacke
.
Take
a
quantity
of
yron
scales
,
and
so
many
copper
scales
,
and
waie
them
one
against
another
,
and
halfe
as
much
Iet
,
and
mixe
them
well
together
.
Before
you
occupie
your
scales
,
let
them
be
stamped
small
,
and
put
them
into
a
cleane
fire
shouell
,
and
set
them
vpon
the
fire
till
they
be
red
hote
,
and
they
will
be
the
better
.
Another
Carnation
.
Take
a
quantitie
of
I●t
,
and
halfe
as
much
siluer
,
scumme
,
or
glasse
tinne●
and
halfe
as
much
of
Iron
scales
,
a
quar●er
as
much
of
gumme
,
and
so
much
red
chalke
as
all
these
do
waie
,
and
grind
it
.
The
manner
of
annealing
your
glasse
,
after
you
haue
laid
on
your
colours
.
Take
brickes
,
and
therewith
make
an
Ouen
foure
square
,
one
●oote
and
a
halfe
high
in
this
manner
:
and
raise
it
a
●oot
and
a
halfe
high●
when
you
haue
done
,
lay
little
barres
of
Iron
ouerthwart
it
thus
:
three
or
foure
,
or
as
many
as
will●serue
,
then
raise
it
aboue
the
barres
one
foote
,
and
a
halfe
more
,
then
is
it
high
enough
:
when
you
purpose
to
anneale
,
take
a
plate
of
Iron
made
fit
for
the
aforesaid
O●en
,
or
for
want
thereof
,
take
a
blew
stone
,
such
as
they
make
Hauer
or
Oten
cakes
,
vpon
which
being
made
fit
for
the
aforesaid
Ouen
,
lay
it
vpon
the
crosse
barres
of
Iron
:
that
done
,
take
sleekt
lime
,
and
fift
it
through
a
fine
●iue
into
the
Ouen
,
open
the
plate
or
stone
,
and
make
a
bed
of
lime
,
then
lay
your
glasse
which
you
haue
wrought
and
drawne
before
,
vpon
the
said
bed
of
lime
,
then
●ift
vpon
the
said
glasse
,
another
bed
of
●ime
,
and
vpon
that
bed
lay
other
glasse
,
and
so
by
beddes
you
may
lay
as
much
glasse
as
the
Ouen
will
containe
:
prouiding
alwaies
,
that
one
glasse
touch
not
another
.
Then
make
a
●o●t
●ire
vnder
your
glasse
,
and
let
it
burne
till
●t
be
●u●●iciently
annealed
:
it
may
haue
(
you
must
note
)
too
much
or
too
little
of
the
fire
,
but
to
prouide
,
that
it
shall
be
well
,
you
shall
doe
as
followeth
.
To
know
when
your
glasse
is
well
anne●l●d
.
Take
so
many
peeces
of
glasse
,
as
you
purpose
to
lay
beds
of
glasse
in
your
Ouen
or
furnace
,
and
dra●
in
colours
what
y●u
will
vpon
the
said
peeces
,
or
if
you
wipe
them
●uer
with
●o●e
colour
,
with
your
finger
onely
it
is
e●ough
:
and
lay
with
e●ery
bed
of
your
wrought
&
drawne
glasse
one
of
the
said
peeces
of
glasse
,
which
are
called
watches
,
and
when
you
thinke
that
they
are
sufficiently
annealed
with
a
paire
of
pliers
or
tongs
,
take
out
of
the
first
watch
which
is
the
lowest
,
and
next
to
the
fire
,
&
lay
it
vpon
aboord
vntill
it
be
cold
:
then
scrape
it
good
and
hard
with
a
knife
,
and
if
the
colour
goeth
off
,
it
hath
not
enough
of
the
fire
,
and
if
it
hold
it
is
well
annealed
.
When
you
would
occupie
any
oyled
colour
i●
glasse
,
you
shall
once
grinde
it
with
gum
water
,
and
then
temper
it
with
Spanish
Turpentine
,
and
let
it
drie
as
neere
the
fire
as
may
be
,
then
it
is
perfect
.
THE
THIRD
AND
LAST
BOOKE
,
CONTAIning
by
way
of
Dialogue
,
a
Discourse
tending
to
the
Blazon
of
Armes
,
with
a
more
Philosophicall
and
p●rticular
examination
of
the
causes
of
Colours
and
their
p●rticipation
,
with
the
light
,
according
to
the
opinions
as
well
o●
Ancient
as
late
writers
.
The
speakers
.
Cosmopolites
,
E●daemon
.
Cosm
EVDAEMON
well
met
:
what
make
you
hee●e
so
solitarie
all
alone
,
Come
,
you
haue
some
point
of
Musicke
in
your
head
,
or
inuenting
some
Impresa
or
other
;
this
B●●se
was
neuer
built
to
studie
in
.
Eud.
To
tell
you
troth
,
I
was
thinking
how
Luc●an
could
make
●is
opinion
good
,
concerning
the
s●u●es
of
wealthie
vsurers
,
and
couetous
pe●sons
,
whom
after
their
death
he
verily
beleeues
,
and
affirmes
to
be
Metemphychosed
,
or
translat●d
into
the
bodies
of
Asses
,
and
there
to
remaine
certaine
thousands
of
yeares
,
for
poore
men
to
take
their
p●niworth
out
of
their
bones
and
sides
with
the
cudgell
and
spu●re
.
Cosm.
There
is
no
better
physicke
for
melancholy
then
●ither
Lucian
of
the
heathen●
or
of
eternall
memorie
.
Sir
Thomas
Moore
among
the
Christians
for
wittie
conceit
and
inuention
,
neither
thinke
I
euer
shal
we
s●e
their
like
.
But
what
book
haue
you
there
?
Eud.
It
is
a
part
of
Giouan
de
Ramellis
,
one
of
the
best
enginers
in
Europe
.
Cosm.
I
haue
no
skill
that
way
,
but
what
thinke
you
of
this
worke
?
Eud.
Surely
an
●ffect
of
Magnisicence
her selfe
.
Cosm.
Haue
you
beene
aboue
.
Eud.
Yes
,
but
I
bought
nothing
.
Cosm.
Such
a
customer
the
Epigrammatist
Martiall
meetes
withall
,
one
who
after
he
had
walked
through
the
fairest
street
twice
or
thrice
cheapening
Iewels
,
Plate
,
rich
hangings
,
came
away
with
a
wodden
dish
:
well
since
we
are
met
so
fitly
together
,
I
will
now
challenge
you
of
your
promise
which
was
,
to
giue
me
cer●aine
rules
as
the
principles
of
Blazonrie
,
it
being
a
skill
I
haue
long
desired
,
and
as
I
imagine
quickly
learned
.
Eud.
With
all
my
heart
,
yet
I
am
loath
to
thrust
my
sickle
into
another
mans
corne
,
since
it
is
in
a
manner
beside
my
subiect
(
which
Plinie
wisheth
a
writer
alwaies
to
beare
in
minde
)
and
which
is
more
,
it
hath
so
plentifully
beene
written
of
already
(
especially
of
late
,
by
that
worthy
and
honest
Gentleman
Master
Guillim
)
that
little
or
nothing
remaineth
to
be
spoken
heereof
,
notwithstanding
rather
then
I
will
deny
so
reasonable
a
request
,
I
will
say
somewhat
heereof
in
generall
,
what
I
imagine
,
it
is
fitt●st
for
you
to
know
for
farther
skill
I
re●erre
you
to
the
pro●essors
he●reof
.
Cosm.
Faith●
the
principall
vse
I
would
make
of
thi●
skill
is
,
that
when
I
come
into
an
old
decaied
Church
or
Monastery
(
as
wee
haue
plenty
in
Engl●●d
)
or
Gentlemans
house
,
I
might
rather
busie
my selfe
in
viewing
Armes
,
and
matches
of
Houses
in
the
windowes
or
walls
,
then
lie
bootes
and
spurres
vpon
my
bedde
in
mine
Inne
,
or
ou●r-looke
mine
Hostes
shou●der
at
Irish.
Moreouer
beeing
a
Gentlem●n
●y
selfe
,
I
haue
beene
many
times
asked
my
Coate
,
and
except
I
should
haue
shewed
them
my
ier●i●
,
I
knew
n●t
what
to
say
.
Eud.
Very
likely
,
many
of
our
English
Gentlemen
are
in
your
predicament
,
but
to
say
the
truth
,
I
must
i●ge●i●usly
confesse
,
it
hath
the
most
necessary
vse
to
the
knowledge
and
imitation
of
the
vertues
and
atchieuements
of
our
Ancestors
,
it
beeing
besides
a
most
gentlemanly
ornament
to
our selues
,
when
occasion
of
discourse
hee●eof
shall
be
offered
.
Cosm.
But
first
I
pray
you
concerning
the
word
Herald
,
let
me
vnde●stand
what
it
signifieth
.
Eud.
It
hath
the
Etymon
from
the
Dutch
or
Saxon
heere
,
which
is
a
Lord
or
a
principall
man
,
for
in
times
past
they
were
among
the
Romanes
in
great
reputati●n
,
being
by
their
office
priests
,
created
at
the
first
by
Numa
Pompilius
king
of
the
Romanes
appointed
to
denounce
war
against
the
enemy
,
by
striking
a
spear●
into
the
ground
at
what
time
they
wore
Garlands
or
wreaths
of
Ver●en
,
concerning
the
beginning
and
Antiquity
of
bearing
Armes
,
and
the
first
inuentors
heereof
,
I
will
say
nothing
,
at
all
,
since
so
much
hath
beene
saide
already
by
Leigh
,
Sir
Iohn
Ferne
,
and
others
,
to
whose
labours
I
referre
you
.
Cosm.
Acquaint
me
I
pray
you
with
an
Escotcheon
,
and
if
it
please
you
,
with
the
sundry
formes
of
shields
,
since
I
haue
seene
many
differing
,
seuer●ll
one
from
the
o●her
,
as
the
Italian
giues
his
Armes
in
an
Ouall
forme
.
Eud.
Very
willingly
:
this
worde
Escocheon
is
a
French
word
deriued
from
the
Latine
Scutum
,
and
th●t
from
the
Gre●ke
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
which
is
leather
&
hence
commeth
our
English
word
Buckler
,
Lere
in
the
old
Saxon
,
signisying
Leather
,
and
Buck
or
Bock
,
a
bucke
or
stagge
of
whose
skins
quilted
close
together
with
horne
or
hard
wood
,
the
auncient
Britaines
made
their
shields
,
of
which
sort
it
seemed
the
shield
o●
Nennius
to
haue
beene
,
wherein
Iulius
Caesa●s
sword
stucke
so
fast
,
that
Nennius
had
taken
of
his
head
,
had
not
Labienus
the
Tribune
,
stepped
happily
betweene
them
in
the
meane
time
and
rescued
his
maister
.
But
of
shields
the
first
and
most
auncient
was
that
same
among
the
Romanes
,
w●ich
they
call
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
an
elbow
,
where
it
was
worne
,
or
from
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
which
signifieth
a
remedy
because
it
was
a
great
r●medy
and
also
a
helpe
to
that
grieuous
pestilence
in
Rome
,
falling
downe
from
Heauen
into
the
Citty
in
the
time
of
Numa
Pompi●ius
,
wherwith
a
voice
was
herd
saying
,
in
what
City
so●uer
that
shield
should
remai●e
,
the
same
should
become
the
most
mighty
of
the
falling
downe
of
this
shield
,
I
remember
this
of
Ouid
when
I
was
a
Grammar
scholler
.
Ecce
leui
Scutum
versatum
leniter
aura
Decidit
,
a
populo
clamor
ad
astra
venit
.
The
forme
of
i●
was
long
,
and
round
at
the
ends
,
without
any
corner
,
as
Ouid
shew●th
in
another
place
.
Atque
ancil●
vo●ant
q●o●
ab
omni
part●
r●●●●um
est
,
Quaque
oculis
sp●●les
●ngulus
omnis
abest
:
A
second
kind
was
that
which
Suid●●
calleth
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
in
Latine
Parma
,
so
called
(
as
Varro
saith
)
quod
par
in
omnes
partes
esset
,
meaning
,
that
it
was
round
,
and
●quall
from
the
vm●e●iqu●
or
middle
point
,
to
eu●ry
side
this
shield
was
vsed
most
by
the
Troians
as
Virgil
testifieth
.
Ense
leuis
nudo
parmaque
in
glorius
alba
.
A
third
kind
was
a
short
Target
made
in
forme
of
a
cressant
or
halfe
Moone
,
called
in
Latine
Pelta
,
vsed
by
the
Amazons
,
as
the
same
Virgil
noteth
,
where
he
saith
:
Ducit
Amazonidum
lunatis
agmina
peltis
Penthesilea
furens
—
It
was
also
in
great
vse
among
the
olde
Romane
Souldiers
,
as
L●uy
testifi●th
.
A
fourth
kind
was
called
cetra
,
vsed
by
the
African
Moores
and
the
Spaniards
,
in
Caesars
time
who
in
his
Commentaries
calleth
those
Legions
Vlterioris
Hispaniae
,
cetratas
.
Some
other
kinds
there
haue
been
which
for
breuity
,
and
your
memory
sake
I
omit
,
I
will
proceed
to
●olours
,
and
then
to
variety
of
charges
.
Cosm.
How
many
colours
be
there
in
Armes
?
Eud.
Sixe
principall
,
(
of
which
two
viz.
yealow
and
white
,
Or
,
&
Argent
,
are
termed
mettals
:
that
is
,
Gold
and
Siluer
,
viz.
-
Or
Azure
and
Vert.
that
is
,
yealow
,
white
,
redde
,
blacke
,
blew
,
and
greene
.
-
Argent
Azure
and
Vert.
that
is
,
yealow
,
white
,
redde
,
blacke
,
blew
,
and
greene
.
-
Gules
Azure
and
Vert.
that
is
,
yealow
,
white
,
redde
,
blacke
,
blew
,
and
greene
.
-
Sables
.
Azure
and
Vert.
that
is
,
yealow
,
white
,
redde
,
blacke
,
blew
,
and
greene
.
Gold
is
the
most
pretious
and
dearest
of
all
mettals
,
the
reason
is
,
it
remaineth
longest
vncorrupted
,
and
without
rust
,
and
since
man
by
nature
desireth
immortality
,
and
to
preserue
his
Memory
,
hee
holdeth
so
this
mettall
,
as
most
worthy
of
his
loue
and
respect
,
I
haue
seene
the
monies
of
Augustus
Caesar
,
(
who
was
Emperor
of
Rome
,
when
Christ
was
born
)
as
fr●sh
and
as
faire
as
if
they
had
beene
stamped
in
the
Tower
of
London
but
yesterday
,
as
also
of
Nero
Domitian
,
Const●ntine
and
the
rest
,
it
is
begotten
by
the
heate
of
the
sunne
vpon
the
purest
earth
.
It
is
called
Gold
in
our
English
tongue
,
either
of
Geel
(
as
Scaliger
saith
,
)
which
is
in
Dutch
to
shine
,
or
of
an
other
Dutch
word
,
which
is
Gelten
,
and
signifieth
in
Latine
Valere
,
in
English
to
be
of
price
or
value
:
and
hence
commeth
their
ordinary
word
Gelt
,
for
money
Gold
was
of
such
●stimation
and
price
among
the
Romanes
,
that
it
was
prouided
by
a
Law
,
that
it
should
be
worne
of
none
,
but
of
the
greatest
persons
,
and
of
them
but
at
certaine
times
.
Cosm.
I
would
the
like
laws
were
amongst
vs
heer
in
England
,
where
if
those
infinite
summes
and
expences
which
are
consumed
in
gold
lace
and
fringe
vpon
petticotes
and
garters
,
were
bestowed
in
iron
and
steele
,
great
horses
,
or
poore
schollers
,
it
were
better
for
our
common
wealth
.
Nay
so
ordinary
is
excesse
in
this
kinde
,
that
euen
shoppe
keepers
,
and
which
is
more
,
their
apprentices
,
with
seruingmen
,
and
chamber
maids
thinke
themselues
fowly
disgraced
if
they
be
not
in
the
fashion
.
I
haue
my selfe
met
an
ordinary
tapster
in
his
silke
stockins
,
garters
deep
●●nged
with
gold
lace
,
the
rest
of
his
apparell
suteable
with
cloake
lined
with
veluet
,
who
tooke
it
in
some
scorne
I
should
take
the
wall
of
him
,
as
I
went
along
in
the
streete
,
what
shall
now
our
Courtiers
and
gentlemen
thinke
of
themselues
?
Eud.
It
is
a
fault
in
the
Magistrate
,
that
so
good
Laws
●s
we
haue
(
God
be
thanked
)
in
this
land
be
so
ill
executed
,
I
verily
beleeue
if
this
fellow
had
liued
in
the
time
of
Cato
Censor
in
Rome
,
hee
would
haue
beene
followed
as
a
monster
,
and
for
his
punishment
haue
been
confinde
to
the
bottom
of
a
Sellar
during
his
life
.
Cosm.
But
I
pray
you
proceed
to
say
somthing
of
Siluer
.
Eud.
Silu●r
next
vnto
Gold
,
is
of
greatest
account
beeing
called
in
Gre●ke
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
in
Italian
Argento
,
in
French
Argent
,
of
the
Latin
Argentum
,
in
Spanish
it
is
called
Plata
of
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
●
by
reason
of
the
beating
of
it
into
broad
peeces
or
Ingots
,
our
English
word
siluer
without
doubt
proceedeth
of
the
Greeke
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
to
shine
,
it
is
the
second
Mettall
,
and
signifieth
purity
,
innocency
,
and
chastity
,
among
the
planets
it
holdeth
with
Luna
,
among
pretious
stones
with
the
Margarite
or
pear●e
.
Gold
signifieth
to
the
bearer
Riches
,
Honor
and
preheminence
,
among
planets
it
holdeth
with
the
sunne
among
stones
with
the
Tapasion
.
They
are
called
Mettals
because
they
fall
among
metallica
corpora
which
are
numbred
by
Aristotle
,
compound
the
pur●st
part
of
the
earth
growing
one
neere
to
another
according
to
the
Etymon
of
the
worde
met●lla
which
is
qu●si
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
for
one
veine
or
mine
being
found
another
is
vnderneath
it
farre
off
,
or
as
some
would
haue
it
from
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
is
to
search
diligently
as
those
doe
that
search
for
mines
,
and
because
their
shining
not
as
colours
but
as
bright
mettals
are
mingled
wi●h
the
other
colours
they
might
the
farthe●
be
discerned
either
by
day
or
night
in
the
field
:
for
of
themselues
either
doth
confound
the
sight
,
and
had
need
to
bee
allaied
wi●h
colour
,
which
on
the
other
side
without
any
of
these
colours
,
is
as
much
displeasing
and
o●fensiue
to
the
sight
being
as
it
were
a
body
without
a
soule
,
&
take
it
for
a
general
rule
there
is
no
coate
without
a
mettell
,
or
any
without
colour
one
onely
excepted
,
which
is
the
same
of
Godfrey
of
Bulloigne
,
it
beeing
a
crosse
Hierusalem
or
in
a
field
siluer
which
you
must
not
take
as
a
president
it
being
giuen
him
as
a
singular
marke
of
honour
as
if
some
one
atturney
at
the
common
Law
should
bee
priuiledged
by●
both
the
Vniuersities
to
speake
false
Latine
,
●nd
his
to
be
held
for
most
pure
and
good
,
that
of
the
rest
most
absurd
and
barbarous
.
Cosm.
But
I
pray
you
what
is
the
reason
that
I
may
not
,
notwithstanding
call
them
by
the
names
of
yealow
and
white
.
Eud.
Because
those
colours
of
the
mettals
are
certain
bright
splendors
begotten
of
a
singular
and
one
onely
reflection
from
an
outmost
an●
continuate
superficies
,
as
in
leade
,
tinne
,
quickesi●uer
,
&c.
the
whitenesse
of
colour
proceede●h
from
a
light
often
reflected
and
pen●t●ating
many
small
cleare
and
transparent
bodies
as
we
●ee
in
salt
,
I●e
beaten
small
the
foame
of
the
sea
and
the
like
,
for
this
is
a
generall
rule
that
euery
transparent
body
which
wee
call
Diaphanon
beaten
and
diuided
into
small
parts
or
peeces
yeeldeth
a
white
colour
as
snow
,
which
white
is
a
continuate
body
in
raine
or
water
is
transparent
but
being
diuided
by
the
cold
ai●e
in
the
falling
downe
into
discreete
parts
,
it
forthwith
turneth
white
,
the
like
we
may
see
in
the
shauings
of
horne
,
which
the
finer
you
cut
them
the
whiter
they
appear
so
t●at
in
these
&
the
like
bodi●s
the
cause
of
whiten●sse
is
nothing
else
(
as
I
said
)
then
an
o●t
r●flection
of
the
light
possessing
our
●ies
and
the
aire
or
medium
with
many
beames
reflecte●
.
Cosm.
I
pray
you
now
proceed
to
Blacke
,
which
I
thinke
to
be
the
next
colour
.
Eud.
You
say
true
,
this
colour
in
Armes
is
called
Sables
,
which
is
a
most
rich
●urre
worne
of
Princes
and
great
personages
,
it
is
brought
out
of
Russia
and
Muscouia
,
it
is
the
furre
of
a
little
beast
of
that
name
esteemed
for
the
perfectnesse
of
the
colour
of
the
haires
,
which
are
in
summitate
nigerrimi
.
In
Armes
it
denoteth
sadnesse
,
grie●e
and
constancy
,
among
the
planets
it
hath
Melancholy
Saturne
,
among
pretious
stones
the
Diamond
.
Cosm.
But
mee
thinks
now
you
are
contrary
to
your selfe
,
for
euen
now
you
saide
that
those
cleare
and
transparent
bodies
,
as
Diamonds
,
Glasse
,
water
,
ice
and
the
like
were
the
subiects
,
rather
of
whitenesse
then
blacknesse
as
beeing
most
capable
of
light
.
Eud.
It
is
true
I
said
so
,
but
you
must
know
t●at
these
cleare
bodies
,
as
Cristall
,
Ice
,
the
Diamond
&c
are
subiects
of
both
,
for
as
white
proceedeth
from
a
cleare
and
transparent
bodie
,
deuided
into
many
parts
,
as
in
snow
,
so
blacke
is
caused
in
the
same
body
by
a
shadow
dispersed
into
the
smallest
bodies
beyond
the
light
,
or
whether
the
light
cannot
come
.
For
the
light
only
possessing
the
one
halfe
of
the
superficies
,
draws
it selfe
with
the
broken
beams
into
a
center
,
which
when
it
possesseth
the
eye
with
stronger
&
more
forcible
b●ames
,
the
other
on
the
sides
pos●essing
the
sight
with
weker
&
fainter
,
can
ha●dly
be
discerned
:
so
that
black
color
in
these
bodies
is
no
thing
else
then
a
certain
priuation
of
the
light
,
by
ouer
shadowing
,
and
heerin
differeth
darkenesse
from
blacke
:
da●kness●
is
not
bounded
and
circumscribed
,
(
as
we
say
)
by
other
obiects
enlightned
,
whereby
it
appea●eth
of
lesse
blacknesse
then
blacke
colour
for
contrarium
contrarto
oppositum
m●gis
clucescit
.
So
that
heerein
it
is
worthy
consideration
,
to
see
how
as
somtime
contrary
causes
produce
the
like
effects
so
euen
the
same
to
proceed
from
black
and
white
,
for
the
cleare
and
perspicuous
body
effecteth
white
,
and
that
white
a
blacke
,
againe
with
contrary
affections
they
beget
like
effects
,
for
the
cleare
body
broken
to
small
peeces
(
as
I
said
)
produceth
white
,
and
becommeth
most
black
,
while
it
is
continuate
and
vndiuided
,
as
we
see
in
deepe
waters
,
(
which
are
euer
blackest
)
thicke
glasses
and
the
like
.
It
is
the
opinion
of
some
,
that
contrary
to
Aristotle
,
that
the
colour
white
doth
gathe●
the
beames
of
the
sight
together
(
as
I
said
in
my
former
booke
)
and
that
black
doth
onely
dispe●se
and
scatt●r
them
,
as
for
example
,
if
one
beholde●h
●he
light
,
or
some
very
whit●
ob●ect
,
he
vieweth
it
win●●●gly
,
as
we
see
those
do
,
that
are
purblind●
but
if
any
thing
that
is
blacke
,
he
looketh
vpon
it
with
a
broad
and
a
full
eye
,
and
we
see
by
experience
in
a
Cat
,
so
long
as
●he
beholdeth
the
light
she
doth
,
contrahere
pupillam
,
draw
the
ball
o●
her
eie
small
and
long
(
being
couered
ouer
with
a
greene
skin
)
and
let
it
forth
or
dilate
at
her
pleasure
.
Now
as
Cristall
,
Ice
,
&c.
by
reason
of
their
perspiscuitie
,
are
the
subiects
of
whitenesse
,
so
are
quicksiluer
,
silu●r
,
lead
,
steele
,
Iron●
tin
,
and
the
like
,
by
reason
of
their
opacitie
of
blacknesse
,
as
we
see
in
their
dust
,
and
in
the
blacking
o●
our
hands
with
much
handling
the
same
.
And
that
they
are
the
most
shadowie
bodies
,
we
know
by
experience
,
for
if
the
thinnest
lea●e
of
tinne
,
laid
ouer
with
quicksiluer
be
laid
vpon
a
Glasse
or
Cristalline
superficies
,
it
hinders
the
light
so
much
from
passing
through
,
that
it
is
constrained
to
reflect
it selfe
to
the
aduerse
part
,
which
other
bodies
though
of
a
farre
greater
thicknesse
cannot
doe
,
and
hence
at
first
came
the
inuention
o●
looking
glasses
.
Cosm.
I
am
well
satisfied
in
these
three
colours
,
viz.
or
,
Argent
,
and
Sable
,
what
I
pray
you
is
the
next
.
Eud.
Mar●
,
Azure
,
Guiles
,
and
Vert
,
which
I
will
passe
ouer
with
as
much
hast
as
I
can
,
because
I
will
come
to
our
matter
.
Azure
is
a
faire
light
blew
so
named
from
the
Arabian
word
Lazul
,
which
is
the
same
,
it
betokeneth
to
the
bearer
a
zealous
mind
,
it
is
also
proper
to
them
as
Dauid
saith
that
occupie
their
businesse
in
great
wate●s
,
as
trauellers
by
Sea
and
the
like
of
the
planets
it
holdeth
with
Mercury
,
among
pretious
stones
with
the
Saphyre
.
This
colour
blew
doth
participate
lesse
of
the
light
then
the
white
colour
,
for
striking
it selfe
vpon
this
colour
it
is
rarified
and
dispersed
,
as
on
the
contrarie
it
is
thickned
and
more
condensate
in
red
,
as
by
a
most
pleasant
and
delightfull
experiment
wee
may
perceiue
in
a
three
square
cristal
prisme
,
wherin
you
shal
perceiue
the
blew
to
be
outmost
next
to
that
the
red
,
the
reason
is
,
that
the
extreme
parts
of
a
perspicuous
bodie
shine
and
yeelde
a
more
faint
light
then
the
middle
as
appeareth
by
Opticke
,
and
the
light
is
receiued
by
fewer
beames
in
the
outmost
edges
then
into
the
midst
,
so
that
yee
perceiue
first
while
in
the
middest
then
red
and
blew
in
the
extremes
seene
.
This
againe
is
most
manifest
by
the
light
of
the
Sun
,
through
a
thicke
cloud
which
then
appeareth
red
,
and
by
the
higher
parts
of
the
ayre
which
b●●ause
they
are
more
rarified
and
pure
,
then
the
nether
appeare
to
be
most
blew
which
Theophrastus
in
his
booke
of
colours
witnesseth
saying
.
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
.
Againe
while
a
candle
,
oyle
,
wood
,
or
any
thing
that
consisteth
o●
fatnesse
burneth
,
the
flame
next
to
the
candle
it selfe
at
the
nether
end
of
the
weeke
appeareth
blew
,
bec●use
there
is
but
a
thinne
and
a
weake
light
ioyned
with
a
thinne
,
weake
,
and
ae●ic
moisture
,
the
top
of
the
●lame
is
red
,
because
it
there
adh●reth
to
a
smoakie
and
thicke
,
earthy
bodie
,
whereupon
all
earthy
and
sooty
flames
are
red
,
the
●l●me
of
Aqu●vil●
is
most
blew
,
because
it
is
so
rare
and
thinne
that
it
is
scarce
able
to
burne
,
but
heate
i●
coales
,
Iron
,
and
the
li●e
is
most
red
,
because
it
is
contained
in
thi●ke
,
drossie
,
and
ea●thie
bodies
.
Red
is
named
in
'
Armory
Geules
,
it
signifieth
a
warlike
disposition
,
a
haughtie
courage
,
dreadlesse
of
dangers
among
planets
it
is
attributed
to
Mars
,
among
stones
to
the
Rubie
.
Cosm.
Proceed
(
I
pray
you
)
to
greene
,
and
then
I
thinke
we
haue
done
with
those
colours
proper
to
Armes
.
Greene
is
termed
by
the
name
of
Vert
,
and
it
is
composed
of
white
a
thinne
red
:
and
lastly
blew
,
for
if
you
mingle
blew
with
a
little
yealow
you
shal
haue
a
Poppingay
gree●e
,
if
with
much
blew
and
yealow
a
sad
or
blacke
greene
if
but
a
little
more
blew
then
yealow
a
Seawater
greene
,
&c.
It
is
called
Vert
of
the
Latine
word
viridis
,
contracted
into
the
French
,
it
signifieth
hope
and
youth
,
it
appertaineth
to
Venus
among
stones
to
be
emerald
.
There
the
also
other
colours
borne
in
armes
,
in
number
three
,
viz.
tenne
or
tawney
sanguine
and
pupre
very
ordinarie
in
French
coates
(
but
not
in
such
vse
though
honourable
bearings
with
vs
he●re
in
England
.
Now
you
haue
done
with
the
coulours
,
I
pray
you
proceede
to
those
things
that
are
borne
.
You
meane
the
charge
for
so
is
that
termed
which
is
borne
vpon
th●
colour
,
except
it
be
a
coat
diuided
only
by
partition
,
falling
in
among
those
honorable
ordinaries
wherof
the
accidence
of
armory
speaketh
:
which
are
in
number
(
as
Leigh
reckoneth
them
)
nine
.
viz.
-
The
Crosse
containing
the
fifth
part
of
the
Escotcheon
being
charged
the
three
.
-
The
chiefe
containing
a
third
part
.
-
The
Pale
also
a
third
part
.
-
The
Bend
a
fifth
part
.
-
The
Fesse
a
third
part
.
-
The
Escotcheon
a
fifth
part
.
-
The
Cheueron
a
fifth
part
.
-
The
Salteir
a
fifth
part
vncharged
.
-
The
Barre
a
fifth
part
.
The
Crosse
is
called
in
Latine
Crux
,
à
cruciando
,
for
it
was
nothing
else
then
an
Instrument
of
execution
among
the
old
Romanes
,
it
hath
beene
a
very
ancient
bearing
,
yea
euen
before
the
birth
of
our
Sauiour
Christ
among
the
Paynims
themselues
.
Though
they
knew
it
not
but
in
their
blazon
,
they
made
the
field
gules
,
and
called
the
charge
foure
cautions
,
bilfets
or
cantonez
,
touching
the
dignity
of
the
Crosse
,
and
the
worthinesse
of
the
bearing
,
I
will
,
wanting
words
to
expresse
the
same
,
referre
my selfe
to
the
ancient
Fathers
,
who
haue
had
this
signe
in
such
estimation
and
reuerence
,
That
one
may
serue
in
stead
of
many
,
I
will
as
farre
as
I
can
remember
,
report
vnto
you
the
words
of
Chrysostome
in
a
Sermon
of
his
:
Chrysost.
in
serm.
quod
Christus
sit
De●s
.
The
Crosse
(
saith
he
)
which
was
wont
to
be
reputed
the
onely
signe
of
disgrace
,
is
now
become
the
glory
and
boasting
of
vs
Christians
,
insomuch
as
the
most
noble
part
of
our
bodie
is
signed
therewith
in
our
baptisme
,
we
vse
it
in
our
praiers
,
in
diuine
seruice
,
we
set
it
vp
in
our
houses
,
yea
at
our
beds
heads
,
brides
and
bride
groomes
are
adorned
therewith
,
souldiers
when
they
goe
to
the
warres
,
marriners
carry
it
on
the
tops
of
their
ships
,
yea
the
bodies
of
bruite
beasts
ill
affected
are
marked
herewith
,
so
that
I
cannot
imagine
(
these
being
the
words
of
a
deuout
and
most
learned
father
of
the
Greeke
Church
,
and
Archbishop
of
Constantinople
who
liued
twelue
hundred
yeares
since
)
that
the
signe
of
the
crosse
is
so
perilous
a
thing
as
most
Puritanes
would
make
it
.
I
should
fill
more
sheetes
of
paper
then
they
would
be
willing
to
read
,
or
my selfe
to
write
,
if
I
should
report
what
hath
bene
said
by
Saint
Augustine
,
Athanasius
,
Saint
Hierome
,
and
others
in
defence
of
lawfulnesse
of
the
same
.
But
I
remember
that
I
am
writing
of
Heraldrie
,
not
of
those
things
that
concerne
controuersies
in
diuinity
.
Cosm.
Be
there
no
more
crosses
then
one
borne
in
armes
?
Eud.
Yes
sir.
Cosm.
I
pray
you
onely
name
them
.
I
will
learne
them
out
hereafter
of
my selfe
out
of
the
Accidence
of
Armory
;
The
honor
of
armes
or
some
where
else
.
Eud.
The
most
ordinary
are
these
.
A
crosse
-
Pateè
.
-
Potenc●è
.
-
Cro●seè
.
-
Fleuroncè
.
-
Composeè
.
-
Vair
contre
vaire
.
-
Nelle
or
Nylle
.
-
Bourdonncè
.
-
de
4.
hermines
.
-
B●santie
.
-
Florenceè
.
-
Fretteè
.
-
Lozangcè
.
-
Pommeè
.
-
Fitcheè
and
some
few
others
which
I
remember
not
.
Cosm.
I
pray
you
proceede
to
the
chiefe
,
and
why
it
is
so
called
.
Eud.
The
chiefe
is
so
called
of
the
French
word
Chief
,
and
that
from
the
Greeke
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
which
is
the
head
or
vpper
part
,
this
possesseth
the
vpper
third
part
of
the
Schocheon
,
and
is
diuided
by
one
line
in
this
manner
.
Cosm.
I
vnderstand
this
verie
well
,
proceede
,
I
pray
to
the
pale
.
Of
the
Pale
.
Eud.
The
Pale
is
the
third
middle
part
of
the
Scocheon
,
being
diuided
from
the
chiefe
to
the
base
,
or
nether
part
of
the
Scotcheon
with
two
lines
as
thus
:
Is
called
from
the
Latine
palus
,
which
is
a
Pale
or
peece
of
woode
,
wherewith
wee
fence
about
Gardens
,
Parks
,
Fields
and
such
like
.
This
in
ancient
time
was
called
a
tierce
,
and
you
should
then
haue
blazed
it
thus
,
hee
beares
a
fierce
Sables
betweene
two
fierces
,
or
which
will
seeme
strange
to
some
of
our
Heralds
.
Of
the
Bende
.
The
French
Heralds
call
this
Bande
,
it
resembleth
a
kinde
of
Baudricke
or
girdle
,
which
knights
wore
in
times
past
ouer
the
right
shoulder
,
and
vnder
the
left
,
whereat
their
swords
hung
.
Some
vnknowne
Godfather
long
since
hath
named
it
in
Latine
Bend●
,
it
hath
a
fift
part
of
the
Escotcheon
,
beginning
from
the
dexter
part
,
or
the
right
corner
of
the
l●ft
,
the
Species
or
kindes
it
containeth
,
are
bendlets
which
are
,
if
there
be
many
,
a
Cotize
,
which
is
the
third
part
of
the
bend
,
and
a
b●ston
,
which
is
like
,
and
the
same
with
a
Cotize
,
saue
that
it
must
not
touch
the
Scotcheon
at
both
the
ends
,
this
is
reserued
for
a
difference
of
kindred
or
alliance
among
Princes
,
as
it
is
to
be
seene
in
the
house
of
Burbon
in
France
.
Cosm.
I
haue
heard
say
that
a
bend
sinister
is
the
marke
of
a
bastard
,
it
hath
beene
taken
so
,
but
I
hope
you
will
not
make
that
proposition
,
conuertibilis
:
For
I
haue
knowne
it
borne
by
some
lawfully
borne
,
whose
ancestors
before
them
were
legitimate
.
Eud.
Here
is
a
bend
sinister
.
Cosm.
If
it
had
bene
brought
then
from
the
other
side
,
it
had
beene
dexter
and
right
.
Eud.
Very
true
.
Cosm.
Proceed
I
pray
to
the
fesse
.
Of
the
F●sse
.
Eud.
The
fesse
is
so
called
of
the
Latine
word
fascia
a
band
or
girdle
,
possessing
the
third
part
of
the
Scotcheon
ouer
the
middle
,
as
thus
,
If
there
bee
aboue
one
,
you
must
call
them
barres
,
if
the
field
with
there
be
odde
peeces
,
as
seuen
or
nine●
then
you
must
name
the
field
,
and
say
so
many
ba●●es
,
if
euen
,
as
sixe
,
eight
,
or
ten
,
you
must
say
barwise
or
barry
of
sixe
,
eight
,
or
ten
,
as
the
King
of
Hungary
beares
Arg.
and
gules
barry
of
eight
:
marke
this
coate
,
how
would
you
blaze
it
?
Cosm.
To
tell
you
true
,
I
know
not
.
Eud.
I
will
tel
you
:
he
bears
barry
,
counterbarrie
of
eight
,
Or
and
gules
.
You
see
heere
an
euen
number
of
peeces
.
Cosm.
I
pray
you
proceed
,
I
shall
carry
this
in
minde
,
and
thinke
of
those
odde
and
euen
peeces
.
The
next
is
a
Ch●ueron
called
in
Latine
Tignum
,
or
the
ra●ter
of
an
house
.
Howbeit
it
be
a
ve●y
honorable
bearing
,
yet
it
is
neuer
see●e
in
the
coate
of
a
King
or
Prince
,
because
it
pertaineth
to
a
Mechanicall
prof●ssion
:
none
of
which
kind
may
touch
the
coate
of
a
Prince
.
For
nothing
may
touch
the
coat
of
a
Prince
saue
a
border
a
sable
or
a
baston
.
If
there
be
many
,
you
must
call
them
by
the
diminutiue
cheueronelles
.
Heere
is
a
cheueron
.
Of
the
Salteir
.
A
Salteir
is
made
in
the
forme
of
a
Saint
Andr●ws
crosse
,
and
by
some
is
taken
to
be
an
engine
to
take
wild
beasts
with
all
:
In
French
it
is
called
vn
sautoir
,
it
is
an
honourable
bearing
,
it
is
borne
in
England
by
that
most
honourable
familie
of
the
Neuels
:
amongst
whom
I
must
neuer
forget
my
dutie
towards
that
noble
and
worthy-minded
Gentleman
,
Master
Doctor
Neuell
our
master
of
Trinitie
Colledge
in
Cambridge
,
who
hath
euer
retained
and
shewed
in
all
his
life
tho●e
,
Igniculos
vertutis
au●tae●
as
a
Poet
speaketh
,
and
Homer
auerreth
to
be
a
thing
incident
to
those
that
are
descended
of
generous
and
noble
houses
.
The
S●ltier
is
drawne
in
this
manner
.
But
one
thing
I
must
remember
to
tell
you
of
these
nine
honourable
bearings●
Foure
are
neuer
borne
,
but
single
,
and
by
themselues
,
viz.
the
Crosse
,
Chiefe
and
Salteir
;
the
rest
are
borne
in
many
peeces
,
as
the
Bend
,
F●sse
,
Barre
,
Cheueron
,
and
Gyron
.
Of
the
Gyron
or
Guy●on
.
The
Gyron
is
a
point
of
triangular
forme
,
whose
basis
on
euery
side
of
the
Escotcheon
and
point
or
comes
in
vmbelico
or
the
midst
,
they
are
commonly
borne
in
the
number
of
the
eight
peeces
,
as
in
the
ancient
coate
of
Bassing●orne
,
which
by
chance
I
found
in
a
window
at
the
Vicaredge
in
Fulham
.
O●
the
partit●ons
.
There
is
a
diuision
or
partition
by
all
these
aforesaid
places
,
which
is
drawne
in
the
Sco●cheon
with
onely
one
line
,
as
for
example
,
party
per
bend
is
when
the
field
is
deuided
into
two
colours
by
a
single
line
drawne
as
the
bend
from
the
point
,
Dexter
to
the
sinister
in
base
,
so
likewi●e
is
the
partition
per
pale
,
per
Cheueron
,
Saltier
and
the
rest
.
Cosm.
The
single
line
is
sometime
indented
enuecky
wauey
embatteled
&c.
I
pray
you
now
acquaint
with
the
furres
,
which
are
giuen
in
Armes
,
I
haue
heard
great
discourse
of
the
same
,
but
vnderstood
not
wel
what
they
meane
.
Eud.
I
will
tell
you
what
they
are
,
and
how
many
,
there
be
in
number
nine
,
whereof
there
bee
fiue
kinds
of
Ermines
,
the
sixt
is
the
Escotcheon
plaine
white
,
the
other
three
vaires
or
of
varry
,
the
first
ordinary
and
naturall
beeing
compounded
of
Argent
and
Azure
,
which
is
the
coate
of
Beauchamp
of
Hach
in
the
county
of
Somerset
,
and
now
quartered
by
the
Right
Honourable
,
the
Earle
of
Hartford
,
the
other
two
compounded
of
other
colours
,
it
is
drawne
in
this
manner
.
Cosm.
I
pray
you
what
is
Ermines
.
Eud.
It
is
the
furre
of
a
little
beast
about
the
bignesse
of
a
Weasell
,
called
in
Latine
Mus
Armenius●
for
they
are
found
in
Armenia
it
is
not
Mus
Ponticus
,
as
some
haue
written
,
who
though
it
be
all
white
,
and
somewhat
like
it
,
the
furre
is
nothing
so
white
and
fine
,
neither
hath
it
that
spot
at
the
tip
or
end
of
the
taile
,
which
is
that
which
we
doe
call
Ermines
,
many
of
them
being
set
together
,
it
is
held
of
all
furres
in
nature
the
most
precious
,
because
they
write
,
that
when
this
beast
is
hunted
,
rather
then
he
will
runne
ouer
a
puddle
,
or
any
dirtie
place
,
where
his
skin
may
be
endangered
to
be
spotted
with
mire
,
he
will
stay
there
,
and
be
torne
in
peeces
with
the
dogs
:
which
gaue
me
an
occasion
of
an
Embleme
(
what
time
I
turned
his
Maiesties
ΒΑΣΙΛΙΚΟΝ
ΔΩΡΟΝ●
into
Emble●e●
and
Latine
verses
,
presenting
the
same
after
to
Prince
Henrie
.
The
word
was
cui
candor
morte
redemptus
,
the
v●rses
.
Quod
maculae
impatiens
flammasque
agitere
per
vndas
,
Candidulae
i●sano
pellis
amore
,
fera
,
Hoc
Tyrio
Heroas
superâris
murice
tinc●os
,
Vos
,
quibus
aut
mens
est
laesaue
fama
,
fides
.
None
may
weare
this
furre
but
Princes
,
and
there
is
a
certaine
number
of
rankes
allowed
to
Dukes
,
Marquesses
,
Earles
,
which
they
must
not
exceede
in
lining
their
caps
therewith
,
in
the
time
of
Charles
the
Great
,
and
long
since
the
whole
furres
in
the
t●iles
dependant
,
but
now
that
fashion
is
left
,
and
the
spots
onely
worne
without
the
tailes
.
There
be
now
certaine
compositions
or
mixtures
of
the
field
,
wherewith
I
would
haue
you
acquainted
ere
we
proceed
further
,
which
are
called
Checky
,
M●sculy
,
Fusile
,
Nebule
,
Lozengeé
.
Checky
is
called
of
the
French
Eschiquette
,
resembling
the
chesse
bord
,
in
Latine
it
may
be
called
Scacc●atum
of
Scaccia
,
the
play
at
chesse
,
the
squares
thereof
in
a
coate
must
not
amount
aboue
the
number
of
fiue
and
twentie
,
or
sixe
and
twentie
,
as
also
Lozenges
and
Fusils
.
Masculy
is
termed
so
from
the
dutch
word
Masch●n
,
it
is
nothing
else
,
but
the
resemblance
of
the
mashes
of
a
net
,
they
are
borne
commonly
pierced
.
Fusilee
is
like
vnto
Masculi
,
but
your
fusile
must
be
made
long
,
and
small
in
the
middle
,
they
are
seene
in
the
ancient
coate
of
Mountague
,
who
beareth
arg.
three
fusils
in
fesse
gules
.
A
fusill
is
so
called
of
fusus
,
a
spindle
,
whose
forme
it
resembleth
.
Nebulee
is
so
called
from
nebula
a
cloud
,
and
that
from
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
the
same
,
because
it
resembleth
the
clouds
.
It
is
borne
in
the
ancient
coate
of
Blondus
or
Blouut
.
Lozengee
,
so
called
of
Lozenges
certaine
cordials
made
by
the
Apothecaries
,
and
giuen
in
Phisicke
.
They
are
like
vnto
the
Mascles
,
but
somewhat
broder
they
are
giuen
round
in
the
coate
of
the
familie
de
Medices
,
Dukes
of
Florence
.
If
there
be
aboue
the
number
as
I
said
of
fiue
and
twentie
or
sixe
and
twentie
,
you
must
say
Semi-lozengie
.
Remember
to
make
your
Lozenges
more
high
then
broad
,
they
are
giuen
for
the
most
part
in
bend
or
in
fesse
,
saith
Bara
the
French
Herald
.
There
be
certaine
rondles
giuen
in
armes
,
which
haue
their
names
according
to
their
seueral
colours
.
If
they
be
Or
,
they
are
beasantes
;
if
siluer
,
plates
;
if
Gules
,
Tortoixes
;
if
Sables
,
Pellets
,
if
Azure
,
Ogoesses
;
if
greene
,
Emeralds
,
if
purpure
,
Pommes
,
if
Tenne
,
Oranges
;
if
sanguine
,
Gules
.
There
is
seldome
borne
aboue
nine
in
an
Eschotcheon
that
must
be
numbred
,
if
there
be
aboue
,
you
must
call
them
semie
or
besantie
.
Cosm.
I
haue
seene
sometimes
staples
of
doores
,
nailes
,
and
the
like
borne
.
How
can
they
be
honourable
to
the
bearer
?
Eud.
Yes
very
honourable
and
ancient
.
As
the
Crosse
Moline
(
giuen
by
the
worshipfull
familie
of
Molineux
)
Mil
peckes
,
and
most
yrons
appertaining
to
the
mill
,
nailes
,
keies
,
lockes
,
buckles
,
cabassets
or
morians
,
helmets
,
and
the
like
.
Cosm.
What
is
that
you
call
a
labell
or
lambeaux
?
Eud.
It
is
a
kinde
of
fillet
(
some
haue
taken
labels
for
candels
or
lights
)
it
is
the
difference
of
the
elder
brother
,
the
father
being
aliue
,
it
is
drawne
of
two
,
three
,
foure
,
and
fiue
pendants
,
not
commonly
aboue
.
You
may
in
Master
Guillims
booke
among
the
difference
of
brothers
read
more
of
this
subiect
.
A
border
in
French
called
vn
bordure
,
in
Latine
,
●●mbria
,
hath
his
place
within
the
Escotcheon
round
about
the
same
,
it
must
containe
the
sixth
part
of
the
Scotcheon
.
An
Orle
is
much
like
a
border
saue
that
it
standeth
quite
within
the
Scotcheon
,
the
field
being
seene
on
either
side
.
A
Fillet
the
fourth
of
an
Orle.
Cosm.
I
pray
you
be
there
not
trees
and
herbes
,
sometimes
giuen
for
good
Armorie
?
Eud.
Why
not
?
What
Herbes
are
most
commonly
borne
in
Armes
.
Of
herbs
you
shall
find
commonly
borne
the
Cinquefoile
but
most
often
pierced
the
field
,
the
Treyfoile
,
Mallowes
,
Rue
,
Sparage
,
Fennell
,
the
white
Ellebore
,
Pie
de
Lion
,
with
many
others
.
What
Trees
are
giuen
vsually
in
armes
.
Of
trees
you
shall
haue
the
Palme
,
the
Oliue
,
Sicamore
,
Apple
and
Peare
tree
,
the
Pine
,
Ash
,
the
white
thorne
,
Pomgranate
,
Orange
,
Quince
,
Nut-tree
,
the
Oake
with
some
others
.
You
haue
Times
rootes
,
as
the
Mandragoras
,
Burgony
,
L●vesse
,
and
such
like
.
What
Flowers
.
Of
Flowers
you
haue
Roses
,
Gilliflowers
,
Violets
,
Nenuphar
,
Lilly
,
Saffran
,
Columbine
,
Borage
,
Line
,
Buglosse
,
Alleluia
with
others
.
What
Serpents
and
creeping
things
.
Of
Serpents
you
haue
the
Crocodile
,
who
hath
his
name
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
from
the
feare
he
hath
of
Saffron
which
he
cannot
endure
,
wherfore
nere
Nilus
,
they
plant
it
much
in
their
gardens
,
&
nere
their
Bees
,
which
the
Crocodile
continually
lieth
in
waite
for
.
For
he
loueth
honie
aboue
measure
.
Otho
Duke
of
Millane
in
the
yeare
1099.
tooke
from
a
Sarazen
his
armes
:
which
was
a
Serpent
,
a
child
issuing
out
of
the
mouth
of
the
same
,
which
to
this
day
is
yet
the
armes
of
Millane
.
The
Scorpion
,
the
L●zard
,
yea
the
old
Armes
of
France
were
the
three
Toades
or
Crapauds
,
Crabs
,
Creuisses
,
Frogs
,
Snailes
,
and
such
like
.
I
haue
seene
in
an
ancient
coate
three
Grashoppers
,
but
the
owner
I
could
neuer
learne
.
The
Grashopper
is
called
in
Latine
Cicada
,
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
from
singing
,
with
a
little
skin
vpon
his
side
,
against
the
which
he
rubs
the
thicke
part
of
his
leg
,
and
so
makes
that
noise
,
wherewith
hee
so
disturbs
the
sleepy
hay-makers
.
When
I
found
this
Etymology
first
,
I
would
needes
make
triall
:
which
I
found
very
true
;
so
significant
,
and
wittie
were
the
Grecians
at
first
,
inuenting
names
to
all
things
from
their
nature
.
Of
fishes
you
shall
find
in
Armes
the
Whale
,
the
Dolphin
,
the
Salmon
,
the
Trout
,
Barbel
,
Turbot
,
Herring
,
Roach
,
Remora
Escallop
shels
.
Cosm.
What
meaneth
the
bearing
of
Escallop
shels
?
Eud.
It
betokeneth
vnitie
and
friendly
loue
,
for
as
they
close
so
neerely
they
can
hardly
be
separated
,
so
should
friendes
and
true
louers
:
whereupon
it
is
wor●e
in
the
colours
of
the
knights
of
the
order
of
Saint
Michael
.
You
must
be
very
heedful
in
the
blazoning
of
fishes
,
by
reason
of
the
variety
of
their
natures
.
Of
those
birds
that
are
born
in
Armes
.
Of
all
bearings
among
these
winged
creatures
,
the
Griffon
is
the
most
ancient
,
and
yet
to
this
day
in
Pomerania
,
of
great
esteeme
.
But
since
the
AEgle
hath
got
the
soueraignty
,
and
is
held
for
a
farre
more
honourable
bearing
,
it
being
the
armes
of
the
Empire
and
of
many
other
kingdomes
.
Cosm.
I
pray
what
is
the
reason
the
Emperour
giueth
in
his
Arms
an
Eagle
with
two
neckes
,
which
is
against
nature
.
Eud.
So
is
a
Lion
with
two
tailes
:
yet
they
haue
their
reason
.
The
cause
why
it
is
giuen
by
the
Emperour
was
this
.
The
kingdome
of
Romania
beeing
vnited
vnto
the
Empire
gaue
an
Eagle
Sables
displaid
,
and
the
Emperor
giuing
the
same
likewise
,
vnited
them
into
one
,
giuing
that
two
necks
as
you
see
.
Cosm.
This
is
very
pretty
and
more
then
I
knew
before
,
but
is
the
Eagle
of
such
antiquity
among
the
Romanes
?
Eud.
Yes
before
the
time
of
Iulius
Caesar
;
do
you
not
remember
since
you
were
a
scholler
that
verse
of
Lucane
writing
of
the
ciuill
warres
betweene
Caesar
and
Pompey
,
Signa
pares
aquilas
et
pila
minantia
pilis
.
The
Pellican
is
more
commonly
borne
with
vs
here
in
England
then
in
other
countries
.
Other
birds
that
are
vsually
borne
are
the
Swan
,
the
Rauen
,
the
Cormorant
,
Heron
,
Faulcon
,
Cocke
,
Pigeon
,
Lapwing
,
Swallowes
,
Martle●s
,
Cornish
choughes
,
Spar-hauke
,
Larkes
with
some
others
.
The
Spar-hauke
Crowned
was
the
Armes
of
Attilas
King
of
the
Hunnes
,
and
fiue
Larkes
were
found
depainted
in
an
olde
Troian
shield
.
You
must
note
then
that
seldome
or
neuer
the
female
o●
any
thing
is
giuen
in
Armes
.
Cosm.
I
remember
I
think
a
rule
for
't
in
mine
Accidence
,
not
of
Armory
but
of
Lillies
english
rules
,
where
note
that
the
Masculine
gender
is
more
worthy
then
the
Feminine
&c.
Eud.
Indeed
it
is
the
reason
because
the
Masculine
gender
is
the
worthiest
.
One
rule
is
worthy
the
obse●uation
,
that
fishes
birds
and
diuers
beasts
haue
beene
giuen
to
bearers
for
the
names
sake
,
to
preserue
it
either
really
or
by
accident
:
really
or
immediately
as
Heron
giues
the
Heron
,
Foxe
the
●oxe
heads
,
which
was
the
coate
of
Bishop
Foxe
,
Bullock
of
Barkshire
the
bullocks
head
,
Herring
,
and
Her●ingham
a
coate
quartered
by
the
Ea●les
of
Bed●ord
,
the
three
herrings
,
Roch
the
Roches
,
Troutbeck
the
three
Trouts
braced
,
quartered
by
the
right
Worshipfull
and
that
worthy
Gentleman
so
well
deseruing
and
beloued
of
his
Country
Sir
Ralphe
Conn●ngsb●●
Knight
o●
Northmims
in
the
county
of
Hertford
,
Lucie
tres
lucios
pisces
or
three
pikes
,
quartered
by
the
Earles
of
Northumberland
,
and
the
coate
of
that
noble
Gentleman
Sir
Thomas
Lucey
of
Warwickshire
knight
,
B●rrisford
the
Beare
with
infinite
the
like
some
haue
their
names
accidentally
from
the
property
of
the
bird
or
beast
,
or
by
an
Onomatopoea
,
or
allusion
of
the
voice
to
the
name
,
as
Terwhit
giues
the
three
Lapwings
who
in
a
manner
expresse
the
ve●y
same
(
neither
is
it
any
disparagement
to
the
bearer
,
since
there
bee
of
these
very
Honorable
and
ancient
:
)
and
Chanteur
a
French
Gentleman
very
well
d●scended
who
gaue
the
three
Nightingales
.
Excellent
haue
beene
the
conceipt
of
some
Citizens
,
who
wanting
Armes
,
haue
coined
themselues
certaine
deuises
as
neere
as
may
be
alluding
to
their
names
,
which
wee
call
Rebus
.
Master
Iugge
the
printer
,
(
as
you
may
see
in
many
of
his
bookes
)
tooke
to
expresse
his
name
,
a
Nightingale
sitting
in
a
bush
with
a
scrole
in
her
mouth
,
wherein
was
written
Iugge
Iugge
Iugge
.
Master
Bishoppe
caused
to
be
painted
in
his
glasse
windowes
the
picture
of
a
Bishop
in
his
Rochet
,
his
square
cappe
on
his
head
,
by
which
was
written
his
Christen
name
George
.
One
Foxe-craft
caused
to
be
painted
in
his
Hall
&
Parlour
a
Foxe
,
counterfeiting
himselfe
dead
vppon
the
Ice
,
among
a
company
of
ducks
and
Goslings
.
Euery
scholler
can
shew
you
in
the
first
page
of
his
Grammer
Harrisons
name
,
expressed
by
a
Hare
sitting
in
a
shea●e
of
Rie
,
and
vpon
that
the
Sunne
:
al
which
made
Harrison
.
One
Master
Gutteridge
drew
for
himselfe
a
Giant
standing
in
a
gutter
,
●nd
looking
ouer
the
ridge
of
a
house
,
which
could
not
chuse
but
make
Gutteridge
.
There
was
not
long
since
a
Grocer
in
London
his
name
I
haue
quite
forgot
,
but
I
am
sure
for
an
allusion
thereto
he
gaue
for
his
Rebus
a
Sugar
lofe
standing
vpon
a
flat
steeple
,
and
I
think
it
was
Pauls
.
A
Church
warden
who
shall
be
nameles
,
of
Saint
Martins
in
the
fields
,
I
remember
when
I
was
in
that
parish
,
to
expresse
Saint
Martins
in
the
fields
caused
to
be
engrauen
a
Martin
(
a
bird
like
a
swallow
)
sitting
vppon
a
Molehill
betweene
two
trees
,
which
was
Saint
Martins
in
the
fields
.
It
is
there
yet
to
be
seene
,
vpon
the
Communion
Cuppe
:
These
and
a
thousand
the
like
,
if
you
bee
a
diligent
obseruer
you
shall
●i●de
both
in
City
and
Country
,
especially
in
Towne
halls
,
Churchwalls
,
and
Windowes
,
olde
Monasteries
and
such
places
,
which
many
a
time
and
often
I
haue
enquired
after
as
the
best
receipt
against
Melancholy
,
wher●to
I
am
much
addicted
.
Cosm.
I
thinke
it
the
best
Phisicke
you
could
take
,
for
euen
these
conceipts
and
passages
of
mi●th
haue
their
times
and
seasons
as
well
as
the
most
graue
discourses
.
I
remember
the
Poet
Martiall
spe●king
to
his
booke
of
Epigrams
saith
,
there
is
a
time
,
Cum
te
vel
rigidi
legant
Ca●ones
.
But
leauing
these
Parerga
I
pray
you
proceed
vnto
those
beasts
that
are
giuen
in
Armes
,
and
as
neere
as
you
can
,
teach
mee
what
I
ought
to
obserue
in
their
blazon
.
Eud.
The
beasts
that
are
borne
in
Armes
are
very
many
,
whereof
the
Lion
is
esteemed
the
most
nob●e
,
and
worthiest
bearing●
next
the
Vnicorne
,
the
●art
,
the
Horse
,
the
Beare
,
the
Bull
,
the
Wolfe
,
the
Greyhound
,
the
Antelop
,
the
Porcespine
,
the
Hare
the
Coney
,
the
Squirrel
with
many
others
which
I
cannot
vpon
the
sodaine
remember
:
Cosm.
What
must
I
obserue
in
the
blazon
of
beasts
,
because
I
take
it
they
are
somewhat
harder
then
birds
to
be
described
?
Eud.
So
they
are
:
You
shall
●irst
begin
with
the
Lion
,
who
is
borne
these
waies
,
Rampant
,
Passant
,
Saliant
,
Seisant
or
couchant
.
Rampant
is
said
when
the
Lion
is
arreared
vp
in
the
Scotcheon
as
it
were
ready
to
combat
with
his
enemy
being
drawne
in
this
manner
:
his
right
fore-foot
must
directly
stand
against
the
dexter
point
of
the
Escotcheon
,
Saliant
downe
Lower
.
Saliant
is
when
the
Lion
is
sporting
himselfe
and
taking
his
pleasure
.
Passant
is
drawne
as
if
he
were
going
.
Seisant
is
sitting
.
Couchant
couching
or
lying
downe
close
with
his
head
betweene
his
legges
like
a
dogge
.
A
Lion
is
giuen
sometimes
but
ha●fe
,
then
you
must
call
it
a
demi-Lion
.
Sometime
but
his
head
only
,
which
is
neu●r
born
but
side-waies
,
and
with
one
eie
,
the
Leopards
heads
alwaies
with
the
full
face
,
as
in
the
Armes
of
Cantelupe
with
both
the
eies
.
The
Elephant
is
seldome
borne
,
yet
saith
●ierom
de
Bara
,
a
Troian
Captaine
gaue
an
Elephants
Trunk
in
his
shield
.
Cosm.
I
neuer
heard
of
any
that
gaue
the
Ape
.
Eud.
Yes
the
Ape
hath
beene
a
very
auncient
bearing
&
so
hath
the
wild
cat
,
which
being
That
is
leaping
at
his
prey
.
Herisonne
was
the
auncient
Armes
of
the
Kings
of
Burgundy
.
Bucks
,
Goates
and
the
like
are
said
to
bee
tripping
or
saliant
,
that
is
,
going
or
leaping
.
You
shall
say
rampant
and
saliant
but
of
those
which
are
Bestes
du
proy
,
and
those
of
the
bigger
sort
.
The
heads
of
birds
for
the
most
part
are
giuen
erazed
,
that
is
,
plucked
off
;
of
beasts
,
Coup●è
or
erased
,
that
is
cut
or
pluckt
off
.
You
shall
know
them
one
from
the
other
because
the
head
that
is
Coupè
is
euen
vnderneath
;
erazed
hath
three
tuftes
of
feathers
,
or
haire
hanging
downe
.
The
tong●e
and
nailes
of
a
beast
are
alwaies
different
from
the
colour
of
the
beast
as
if
the
beast
bee
of
a
colour
,
they
are
of
a
mettall
,
if
the
beast
be
of
a
mettall
,
they
are
of
a
colour
:
so
likewise
in
birdes
,
you
must
say
of
a
beast
armed
&
langued
,
of
a
bird
membred
.
Thus
you
see
I
giue
you
a
tast
of
euery
thing
.
For
further
knowledge
I
referre
you
to
those
learned
bookes
that
haue
lately
beene
written
of
Armory
,
neither
do
I
wish
you
as
Aulus
Gellius
said
,
ingurgitare
in
i●ta
scientia
sed
tantum
delibare
,
to
know
something
rather
then
nothing
.
Cosm.
It
was
my
desire
onely
to
learn
but
the
first
grounds
,
and
as
I
euer
had
a
desire
to
haue
an
insight
in
all
a●tes
and
sciences
,
so
more
especially
in
this
because
nothing
more
beseemes
a
Gentleman
then
the
knowledge
of
Armes
.
Eud.
You
say
well
,
I
hope
you
are
not
vnmindful
of
that
old
prouerb
Chi
tutti
abbracci●
,
and
it
hath
my
fault
to
entertaine
too
many
such
guests
at
once
of
which
I
cannot
so
soone
be
rid
off●
For.
Turpius
eticitur
quam
non
admittitur
hospes
.
Cosm.
I
pray
resolue
mee
of
one
thing
of
which
I
haue
long
doubted
.
Eud.
What
's
that
?
Cosm.
Are
the
same
lawes
and
rules
obserued
in
Armes
among
other
nations
,
with
those
which
wee
haue
heere
in
England
?
Eud.
Yes
doubtlesse
,
and
more
strictly
:
only
they
d●ffer
in
●ome
small
particulars
;
as
some
vse
staines
as
much
as
colours
,
some
charge
their
Scotcheons
after
a
strange
maner
with
diaper
as
the
french
:
some
vse
round
Scotcheons
as
the
Italian
,
and
such
like
:
otherwise
t
is
all
one
,
as
you
may
see
by
the
Armes
of
euery
kingdom
.
Cosm.
I
pray
let
me
request
one
thing
more
since
you
speake
of
kingdomes●
that
is
,
to
acquaint
mee
if
your
leasure
ser●e
,
with
the
Armes
of
euery
kingdome
in
Christendome
:
which
I
thinke
are
about
●●ue
and
twenty
.
Eud.
Yes
if
you
count
those
kingdomes
in
Spaine
as
Leon
,
Aragon
,
Castile
,
and
the
rest
,
I
will
;
but
to
no
end
:
you
are
so
young
a
scholler
in
Heraldry
you
will
●ca●ce
vnderstand
mee
.
Cosm.
So
I
thinke
:
but
these
beeing
most
eminent
coates
,
I
shall
ma●ke
and
remember
them
the
better
,
but
now
I
remember
me
,
I
haue
a
paire
of
tables
.
Eud.
The
first
is
the
Armes
of
the
Emperour
of
G●rmanie
,
which
hath
vpon
it
a
crowne
imperiall
(
the
difference
of
Crownes
I
will
tell
you
anone
)
the
Emperour
bear●th
Or
,
an
Eagle
displaied
with
two
necks
membred
Gules
.
The
King
of
the
Romanes
bare
Or
,
an
Eagle
displaied
Sables
.
The
king
of
Hungary
beares
barry
of
eight
,
Argent
and
Gules
.
The
king
of
Polonia
beares
Gules
,
an
Eagle
displaied
,
membred
and
crowned
Or.
The
King
of
Bohemia
●eares
Gules
,
a
Lion
double
Queue●
Armes
langued
and
crown●d
Or.
Arragon
beareth
Or
,
4.
pales
●ules
.
Sclauonia
beareth
Sables
a
Cardinals
hat
Argent
,
stringed
and
tasselled
Or.
Sueuia
beareth
Azure
three
Crownes
Or.
Dalmatia
beareth
Azure
three
kings
heads
proper
crowned
Or.
Morauia
beareth
Azure
an
Eagle
eschecky
,
Or
and
Gules
,
membred
of
the
same
.
Castile
beareth
Gules
,
a
Castle
triple
towred
Or.
France
beareth
Azure
three
flower
delices
,
Or.
England
beareth
Gules
three
Lions
Pass●nt
,
Gardant
,
Armed
and
langued
Azure
.
Nauarre
beares
Gules
,
an
Escarboucle
Accolled
and
pometted
Or.
Scotland
beareth
Or
,
a
Lion
enclosed
with
a
double
tressure
fleurty
and
counter
fleurty
Gules
.
Sicilie
beareth
party
per
Salteir
,
the
point
and
chief
,
Arragon
the
other
two
Argent
,
in
each
,
an
Eagle
displaied
Sable
,
membred
Gules
.
Denmarke
beareth
Or
Semie
de
cuers
or
hartes
,
Gules
three
Lions
passant
armed
and
langued
of
the
second
(
or
as
some
will
haue
it
nine
Hearts
.
)
Portugall
beareth
Argent
5.
Escotcheons
Azure
:
charged
with
fiue
plates
in
salteir
(
in
remembrance
of
fiue
deadly
wounds
a
certaine
King
of
Portugall
receiued
in
the
field
whereof
he
was
cured
,
or
of
the
fiue
wounds
of
Christ
which
they
say
appeared
vnto
him
)
in
a
border
Gules
seuen
towers
Or.
Legion
or
Leon
beareth
Argent
a
Lion
Rampant
Sable
crowned
Or
,
armed
and
langued
Gules
.
Ireland
beareth
Azure
,
an
harpe
Or
,
(
though
the
a●ncient
coate
of
Ireland
bare
the
field
Sables
a
king
sitting
crosseleggd
in
his
throne
in
his
right
hand
a
Scepter
Or.
)
Toledo
beareth
Gules
a
crowne
imperiall
Or●
Naples
beareth
Azure
semie
flower
delices
or
a
lambeaux
of
foure
Argent
.
Galizia
beareth
Azure
semi
crosses
fitche
és
Argent
,
a
couered
cup
Or.
Granado
beares
Argent
a
Pomgranat
with
the
stalke
and
leafes
proper
.
Norway
beares
Gules
,
a
Lion
Rampant
Argent
:
crowned
Or
,
holding
a
battell
Axe
of
the
second
.
I
haue
thus
briefly
giuen
you
the
blazon
of
the
coates
of
al
the
kingdomes
in
Christendome
.
Now
because
we
will
not
Altum
Sapere
,
I
will
oppose
you
in
the
blazon
of
some
few
coates
to
try
your
cunning
,
and
to
see
what
you
haue
profited
by
your
master
:
heere
is
a
coate
,
what
say
you
to
this
?
Cos.
I
should
blaze
it
thus
.
He
beares
Azure
a
starre
Or
between
3.
crescents
Argent
.
Eud.
Very
well
,
you
must
take
heed●
that
you
take
not
a
starre
for
a
mullet
and
the
contrary
,
for
a
mullet
is
the
rowell
of
a
spurre
,
and
hath
neuer
but
fiue
points
;
a
star
hath
sixe
and
some
times
8.
beside
,
the
mullet
is
often
pierced
of
the
field
and
the
mullet
neuer
.
Cosm.
Whose
coate
I
pray
you
is
this
?
Eu.
It
did
belong
to
the
Abbot
of
Tame
,
whose
name
was
Thorpe
,
and
now
borne
of
Master
Iohn
Thorpe
of
the
parish
of
Saint
Martins
in
the
field
,
my
especiall
friend
,
and
excellent
Geometrician
and
Surueiour
,
whom
the
rather
I
remember
,
because
he
is
not
onely
learned
and
ingenuous
himselfe
,
but
a
furtherer
&
fauorer
of
all
excellency
whatsoeuer
,
of
whom
our
age
findeth
too
few
.
Nor
must
I
heere
be
vnmindfull
since
now
I
speake
of
that
great
and
honourable
parish
(
hauing
as
many
,
and
as
substan●iall
parishione●s
in
the
same
as
any
else
beside
in
England
)
of
the
friendship
that
I
haue
euer
found
at
the
hands
of
three
especially
in
that
parish
,
to
whom
aboue
all
the
rest
I
haue
beene
most
beholden
,
as
well
in
regard
of
my selfe
in
particular
,
as
that
they
are
louers
of
learning
,
and
all
vertue
,
viz.
Master
Christopher
Collard
(
whose
sonne
my
Scholler
is
now
of
Magdalen
Colledge
in
Oxford
)
Master
Simon
Greene
Purueyor
of
his
Maiesties
stable
:
And
lastly
the
aforenamed
Master
Iohn
Thorpe
his
sonne
,
to
whom
I
can
in
words
neuer
be
sufficiently
thankfull
.
Cosm.
Herein
you
doe
wel
.
There
is
no
vice
more
hatefull
to
God
and
Man
,
then
ingratitude
:
whereupon
it
is
well
said
of
one
.
—
Gratis
seruire
libertas
.
Eud.
Well
I
must
now
thinke
my
paines
not
ill
bestowed
,
for
,
est
aliquid
prodire
tenus●
si
non
datur
vltra
.
I
am
inuited
to
dinner
heere
ouer
the
way
,
and
I
thinke
it
almost
twelue
a
clocke
:
wherefore
I
am
constrained
abruptly
to
breake
off
this
discourse
which
willingly
I
would
haue
continued
,
but
Time
is
moderator
betwix●
vs
,
and
we
can
go
no
further
then
he
permits
.
If
it
shal
please
you
to
take
the
pains
to
walke
with
me
:
I
know
you
shall
be
heartily
welcome
,
and
the
rather
,
because
you
are
a
Scholler
.
Cosm.
Sir
a
thousand
thankes
:
I
cannot
,
I
haue
some
businesse
with
a
Dutch
Merchant
,
who
hath
staied
all
this
fore
noone
of
purpose
for
me
at
home
,
I
am
to
receiue
money
of
him
by
a
bill
of
Exchange
,
and
I
dare
not
deceiue
his
expectation
.
Eud.
Marry
Sir
,
I
pray
you
take
the
benefit
of
so
good
an
opportunitie
:
Adieu
good
Sir
.
FINIS
.