IOHN
SLEIDAN
of
the
foure
chiefe
Mōnarchies
.
OR
,
The
key
of
History
.
The
first
Booke
.
BEfore
I
treat
of
the
foure
chiefe
and
principall
Monarchies
of
the
world
,
Babylon
,
Persia
,
Greece
and
Rome
:
I
must
speake
a
word
or
two
of
the
great
difference
,
about
computation
of
yeeres
from
the
beginning
of
the
world
;
for
the
Hebrewes
,
Eusebius
,
S.
Austin
;
Alphonsus
,
and
Mirandula
,
doe
exceedingly
vary
amongst
themselues
.
But
because
almost
all
the
learned
men
of
our
times
,
doe
in
this
point
follow
the
account
of
the
Hebrewes
:
I
also
(
seeing
the
case
so
stands
)
will
tread
in
their
steppes
.
And
first
of
all
,
that
I
may
come
to
my
purpose
,
I
meane
the
first
Monarchie
,
(
passing
by
those
occurrents
which
happened
in
the
[
a
](A09569-e11280-b)
a
Gen.
1
,
2
,
3
,
4
,
5
,
&
6
,
chap.
first
age
of
all
,
as
also
the
narration
of
the
Flood
,
sit
hence
all
those
are
contained
in
holy
Scriptures
,
and
cannot
be
better
exprest
,
)
I
le
take
start
at
that
time
,
when
the
race
of
mankinde
being
reduced
to
a
very
small
number
,
begunne
(
after
that
the
[
*
](A09569-e11300-b)
*
Moles
.
massie
multirude
of
waters
was
againe
dispersed
,
and
the
earth
made
drie
)
to
increase
anew
.
The
time
of
the
Flood
is
referred
to
the
yeere
of
the
world
,
1656.
and
[
b
](A09569-e11320-b)
b
Gen
5.
Mathusalah
the
seuenth
from
Adam
,
died
at
that
very
time
,
being
969.
yeeres
of
age
.
[
c
](A09569-e11350-b)
c
Gen
7.
Noah
Mathusalah
his
[
*
](A09569-e11370-b)
*
Nepos
.
Grandchild
by
his
sonne
Lamech
,
(
being
then
600.
yeeres
of
age
,
and
by
Gods
especiall
fauour
,
preserued
together
with
his
familie
,
)
now
when
the
number
of
men
begunne
to
multiplie
by
little
and
little
,
was
the
first
that
caused
his
children
and
posteritie
,
by
remoouing
into
seuerall
Countries
,
to
inhabite
the
earth
,
and
build
themselues
cities
:
and
afterwards
(
about
the
hundreth
yeere
after
the
Flood
)
allotted
to
each
of
them
his
proper
Prouince
.
At
which
time
,
Nimrod
Noahs
Grand-childes
sonne
,
together
with
his
retinue
,
inhabited
the
land
of
the
Chaldees
,
but
at
length
(
the
multitude
of
men
still
multiplying
,
)
many
were
necessarily
inforced
to
remoue
and
seeke
out
new
seats
and
Colonies
.
They
before
their
departure
,
desirous
to
leaue
their
perpetuall
memoriall
behinde
them
,
did
thereupon
(
[
d
](A09569-e11420-b)
d
Gen.
11.
It
is
credible
that
hereupon
the
Poets
took
occasion
to
make
that
fiction
of
the
Giants
,
who
beaping
moantaine
vpon
mountain
,
went
about
to
ouerthrow
the
gods
.
Michael
Glycas
writes
,
that
there
were
forty
yeers
spent
about
building
of
this
Tower
.
Nimrod
being
their
Chief-taine
)
beginne
to
build
a
Citie
,
and
within
that
,
a
Tower
of
transcendent
height
:
And
forgetting
Gods
wrath
,
which
had
so
lately
swallowed
vp
the
whole
Globe
of
the
earth
,
&
whereof
Noah
without
all
doubt
,
had
very
much
,
very
often
,
and
diligently
preached
to
them
:
intended
to
extend
the
fame
of
their
owne
names
,
by
vaineglorious
and
ambitious
workes
.
But
God
herewith
offended
,
made
frustrate
these
their
enterprises
,
sending
amongst
them
a
confusion
of
tongues
:
whereas
before
that
time
,
there
was
but
one
and
the
same
kinde
of
language
all
the
world
ouer
.
Thus
being
constrained
to
surcease
their
begunne
worke
,
they
departed
into
seuerall
parts
of
the
world
.
From
this
confusion
of
tongues
,
the
citie
called
Babell
,
took
the
name
:
&
from
the
time
,
I
mean
from
the
131.
yeer
after
the
Flood
,
or
therabouts
,
the
kingdome
of
the
Chaldees
&
Babylonians
took
the
beginnings
.
The
first
King
thereof
was
Nimrod
,
before
spoken
of
,
who
as
it
is
written
,
ruled
56.
yeeres
.
The
Scripture
stiles
him
the
[
e
](A09569-e11510-b)
e
Gen.
10.
1
Chron.
5.
Mich
5.
The
land
of
Babylon
is
called
the
land
of
Nimrod
.
mightie
Hunter
,
and
attributes
to
him
strength
and
puissance
.
Others
call
him
Saturne
,
and
report
,
that
in
the
45.
yeere
of
his
raign
,
he
sent
away
certaine
Princes
of
Colonies
,
hither
and
thither
,
as
Assur
,
Madas
,
Magog
,
and
Mosech
.
Those
erected
kingdomes
after
their
owne
names
,
as
Assyria
,
Media
,
[
f
](A09569-e11580-b)
f
Suidas
writes
,
that
the
Persians
were
so
called
,
but
Melanctho●
think
them
to
be
the
now
Turks
.
Magog
,
and
Mosco
,
the
two
first
whereof
doe
wholly
belong
to
Asia
,
and
the
third
and
last
to
Asia
and
Europe
.
The
Scripture
makes
mention
of
this
[
g
](A09569-e11670-b)
g
Assur
.
Gen.
10.
Belus
.
Assur
,
and
that
Niniue
was
by
him
builded
.
Iupiter
Belus
succeeded
his
Father
Nimrod
,
who
(
as
historie
speakes
)
possessed
all
the
Country
from
the
sunne-serting
to
Sarmatia
in
Europe
,
and
afterwards
made
warre
against
Sabbatius
King
of
Saga
,
whom
not
he
,
by
reason
hee
was
preuented
by
death
,
[
b
](A09569-e11820-b)
b
Gen.
11.
Abraham
the
tenth
from
Noah
(
so
commanded
by
God
)
left
his
Country
,
being
then
75
yeers
of
age
,
and
in
[
i
](A09569-e11850-b)
i
Gen.
17.
24
yeere
after
that
,
God
made
a
couenant
with
him
,
by
ordaining
the
circumcision
.
In
the
[
k
](A09569-e11860-b)
k
Gen.
21.
100
yeere
of
his
age
,
his
sonne
Isaac
was
borne
vnto
him
:
hee
liued
after
that
,
75.
yeeres
,
for
the
tearme
of
mans
life
was
now
much
shortened
.
The
manner
of
his
Grand-childe
[
l
](A09569-e11880-b)
l
Gen.
37.
Iacobs
life
,
and
vpon
what
occasion
he
went
downe
into
Egypt
,
and
there
dyed
:
how
afterwards
his
posteritie
remained
in
Egypt
for
some
ages
,
oppressed
with
most
grieuous
bondage
,
and
by
Gods
fauour
brought
out
and
set
at
libertie
by
his
seruant
Moses
,
the
holy
[
m
](A09569-e11910-b)
m
From
the
30
,
ch.
of
Gen.
to
the
14.
of
Exod.
Scriptures
declare
.
This
departing
of
the
children
of
Israel
out
of
Egypt
,
is
referred
to
the
yeere
of
the
world
,
2454.
that
is
,
430
yeeres
after
the
promise
made
to
Abraham
,
as
[
n
](A09569-e11930-b)
n
Gal.
3.
S.
Paul
hath
it
.
After
Moses
,
the
children
of
Israel
were
gouerned
by
Iudges
,
till
the
daies
of
Saul
,
whom
Dauid
,
(
another
King
of
the
same
people
)
succeeded
.
Now
let
vs
returne
to
the
Empire
of
Babylon
;
Ninus
being
dead
,
his
wife
Semiramis
succeeded
him
in
his
Empire
:
[
o
](A09569-e12390-b)
o
See
their
names
at
the
end
of
the
Booke
.
Others
reckon
20
Kings
more
together
with
Sardanapalus
,
making
him
the
eight
and
thirtieth
King
of
the
Assyrians
.
This
King
as
without
all
compare
the
most
effeminate
of
men
,
continually
sitting
amongst
harlots
,
spining
and
carding
with
them
,
and
so
totally
plunged
in
voluptuousnesse
,
that
he
would
scarce
euer
shew
himselfe
in
publike
.
For
this
cause
two
of
his
Rulers
,
Belochus
of
Babylon
,
&
Arbaces
of
the
Medes
,
alienating
their
affection
from
him
,
after
they
had
emblazon'd
his
filthinesse
and
lasciuiousnesse
vp
and
downe
amongst
the
vulgar
:
made
warre
against
him
.
Hee
with
his
womanish
troopes
,
hauing
scarce
ioyn'd
battell
(
such
was
his
bad
successe
)
fled
to
his
palace
,
and
●here
causing
a
great
fire
to
be
made
,
threw
himselfe
and
all
his
goods
into
it
.
In
this
deed
only
,
Belochus
the
nine
&
thirtieth
,
Phul
Assur
.
2
King
.
15.
2
Chro.
28.
Phul
Assur
,
surnamed
Tiglath
Pileser
,
succeeded
him
.
He
tooke
some
certaine
Cities
in
Iudea
,
and
caried
away
the
people
captiue
into
Assyria
.
Achas
King
of
Iuda
,
in
whose
time
the
Prophet
Isaias
liued
,
desir'd
aid
from
this
Tiglath
against
the
King
of
Syria
,
Assyrians
.
Senacherib
,
as
we
said
before
,
hauing
receiu'd
such
a
destruction
at
Ierusalem
,
and
not
long
after
slaine
by
his
owne
sons
:
there
folowed
a
great
change
in
the
State
of
the
Kingdome
,
which
was
then
diuided
.
For
the
two
brothers
Adramalech
,
and
Sarazar
,
who
had
committed
the
parricide
fled
.
Notwithstanding
they
leuied
forces
,
and
prepared
Armes
against
their
brother
Assaradon
,
[
p
](A09569-e13020-b)
p
Isa.
37.
Merodach
.
absence
.
Merodach
Gouernour
of
Babylon
taking
hold
on
this
faire
occasion
,
[
q
](A09569-e13100-b)
q
Isai
.
39.
&
50.
Be●●nerodach
.
Nabuchodonozor
,
1.
forty
yeares
after
.
Many
reckon
,
next
after
him
,
Benmerodach
,
and
Nabuchodonozor
the
first
of
that
name
:
but
seeing
the
holy
Scripture
discouers
nothing
hereabouts
:
nor
can
we
rashly
giue
credit
to
others
,
wee
le
rancke
that
Nabuchodonozor
whom
the
Scripture
makes
much
mention
of
,
[
r
](A09569-e13180-b)
r
Kings
24.
Ierem.
46.
Aegyptians
:
and
tooke
from
them
the
whole
Countrey
therefrom
Euphrates
to
[
s
](A09569-e13210-b)
s
Suidas
cals
this
Peleusiuns
,
the
Key
of
Egypt
,
It
is
now
called
Damietta
.
Peleusium
,
made
tributary
to
him
[
t
](A09569-e13270-b)
t
2
K●n.
24.
Ioachim
King
of
Iuda
,
and
in
the
eight
yeare
of
his
raigne
caried
away
captiue
to
Babylon
his
sonne
Iechonias
,
together
with
his
chiefe
men
,
and
artificers
,
not
onely
of
the
City
of
Ierusalem
,
but
also
of
the
whole
Countrey
.
In
the
eighteenth
yeare
of
his
raigne
he
tooke
[
*
](A09569-e13330-b)
*
Kings
15.
2
Chro.
36
Ierusalem
,
after
two
yeares
siege
,
&
within
a
while
after
[
u
](A09569-e13350-b)
u
Ierem.
52
sackt
,
burnt
it
,
&
broke
downe
the
walls
,
caried
away
most
part
of
the
people
,
putting
out
king
Zedekias
his
eies
;
and
killing
his
sons
,
and
Noblemen
.
Babylon
.
Nabuchodonozor
,
about
the
foure
and
twentieth
yeare
of
his
raigne
hauing
ouercome
the
kings
of
the
[
x
](A09569-e13410-b)
x
Ier.
46.
Ammonites
,
and
Moabites
)
passed
into
Aegypt
with
an
army
:
where
hauing
got
possession
of
all
that
Countrey
,
afterwards
begun
his
Monarchy
.
In
the
second
yeare
of
his
Monarchy
,
as
the
learned
of
our
times
collect
,
he
saw
in
his
dreame
a
great
Image
,
whose
head
was
of
gold
,
the
brest
and
armes
of
siluer
,
the
belly
and
thighes
of
brasse
,
the
legges
of
iron
,
the
feet
part
of
iron
,
part
of
clay
.
When
hee
awakt
,
and
could
not
call
to
mind
what
he
had
dreamt
,
but
yet
remain'd
mightily
astonisht
,
calling
together
his
Magicians
and
soothsayers
,
charged
them
vnder
paine
of
death
to
interpret
his
dreame
.
Daniel
a
yong
man
.
Captiue
with
the
rest
of
his
Nation
,
brought
thither
from
Ierusalem
,
signified
that
he
could
satisfie
the
kings
desire
:
being
brought
forth
,
first
hee
shewed
what
the
dreame
was
,
and
afterwards
interpreted
the
meaning
therof
.
The
Image
said
hee
,
signifies
the
foure
chiefe
Monarchies
of
the
world
,
which
are
to
succeed
in
order
,
and
turning
his
speech
to
the
King
himselfe
;
Thou
,
said
hee
,
whom
God
hath
inuested
with
supreame
power
and
glory
,
to
whom
he
hath
giuen
rule
ouer
all
men
,
beasts
of
the
field
,
fowles
of
the
ayre
;
Thou
I
say
art
the
Golden
Head
of
that
Image
.
After
thee
another
kingdome
of
siluer
shall
arise
,
worse
then
this
of
thine
:
afterwards
the
third
kingdome
of
brasse
which
shall
beare
rule
farre
and
wide
:
but
the
fourth
kingdome
shall
be
of
iron
,
for
as
yron
breaketh
in
peeces
and
subdueth
all
things
,
so
also
shall
the
fourth
and
last
,
breake
in
peeces
all
the
rest
,
and
bring
them
in
subiection
to
it
.
This
therefore
is
the
first
and
formerly
neuer
heard
of
prophesie
,
of
the
four
Monarchies
,
which
God
reuealed
to
vs
by
his
Prophet
Daniel
.
A
thing
truly
worthy
to
bee
committed
to
memory
,
because
in
a
few
words
it
comprises
the
historie
of
all
ages
,
vntill
the
end
of
the
world
:
as
afterwards
I
am
to
speake
of
.
Now
it
sufficeth
how
at
this
time
first
of
all
,
God
hath
discouered
to
vs
,
the
order
and
successiue
course
of
the
Monarchies
.
[
y
](A09569-e13640-b)
y
Metasthener
and
others
say
but
6.
euen
yeares
,
succeeded
him
.
After
him
Balthasar
bore
rule
●●ue
yeares
:
Many
reckon
them
after
this
manner
,
but
the
learned
of
our
time
,
omitting
two
of
them
,
Darius
,
Cyarxes
,
who
was
the
son
of
Astiages
,
eight
King
of
the
Medes
,
whom
Daniel
cals
Assuerus
,
[
z
](A09569-e13970-b)
z
Babylon
.
Dan.
9.
Citie
.
It
is
recorded
that
Darius
liued
not
aboue
a
yeere
after
this
victorie
.
And
then
,
when
Darius
was
yet
liuing
after
the
taking
of
Babylon
,
and
the
children
of
Israel
,
After
Darius
his
death
,
the
sway
of
gouernment
was
committed
to
his
sonne
in
law
Cyrus
,
and
this
is
the
beginning
of
the
second
Monarchie
;
for
now
Cyrus
alone
held
in
his
owne
hands
,
Assyria
,
Media
and
Persia
,
euen
to
the
Ionian
sea
,
as
Thucidides
hath
it
,
hauing
before
his
winning
of
Babylon
,
taken
Craesus
that
most
puissant
King
of
Lydia
.
So
this
Cyrus
is
first
King
of
the
Persians
,
and
founder
of
the
second
Monarchie
.
This
most
renowned
Prince
,
hauing
vanquisht
the
Babylonians
,
made
warre
with
the
Scythians
,
whether
going
with
his
armie
,
and
at
length
intrapped
and
inuironed
by
his
enemies
,
was
there
slaine
.
In
the
beginning
of
his
raigne
,
after
the
taking
of
Babylon
,
hee
permitted
the
Iewes
to
returne
home
againe
out
of
captiuitie
,
Darius
the
sonne
of
Hystaspis
succeeded
Cambyces
,
second
King
of
the
Persians
,
who
suruiued
his
Father
but
a
short
space
.
And
by
reason
that
many
of
his
subiects
,
&
together
with
the
rest
,
the
Babylonians
did
,
(
after
Cyrus
his
death
,
and
so
great
an
ouerthrow
of
his
armie
)
reuolt
from
the
kingdome
of
Persia
:
Hee
tooke
armes
at
the
first
steppe
of
his
raigne
,
and
reunited
them
to
his
Empire
,
hauing
after
a
long
siege
,
taken
Babylon
also
by
helpe
of
[
a
](A09569-e14510-b)
a
He
mangled
himselfe
,
cutting
off
his
cares
,
nose
,
and
lippes
,
faigning
that
Darius
had
so
pu●●isht
him
,
for
speaking
in
the
Babylonians
behalfe
,
whe
eupon
they
receiued
him
,
and
by
that
policie
,
hee
got
the
Citie
for
Darias
.
Zopyrus
.
Within
a
while
after
,
he
made
warre
against
the
Athenians
,
who
vpon
a
sodaine
,
mustering
vp
their
forces
,
not
expecting
any
aid
from
the
Lacedemonians
,
did
at
Marathon
,
with
about
10000.
men
,
Miltiades
being
their
Leader
,
ouercome
his
huge
[
b
](A09569-e14600-b)
b
It
consisted
of
600000.
men
.
armie
.
Darius
was
aminded
to
renew
the
warre
,
but
death
preuented
him
,
in
his
very
first
attempt
:
whose
sonne
and
successor
,
[
c
](A09569-e14660-b)
c
Some
confine
it
to
1000000
but
Justine
extends
it
to
2000000
and
Herodotus
to
more
.
innumerable
armie
,
with
intent
to
subdue
all
Greece
.
Hereupon
the
chiefe
managing
of
these
warres
,
was
by
common
consent
committed
to
the
Lacedemonians
,
because
they
bore
greatest
sway
all
ouer
Greece
:
but
the
Athenians
followed
Themistocles
his
counsaile
,
quitting
their
Citie
,
leauing
their
wiues
and
children
in
one
place
or
other
,
betooke
themselues
to
their
shippes
,
and
ioyning
battell
with
the
enemie
at
Salamina
,
ouercame
him
.
That
victorie
was
very
commodious
to
all
Greece
in
generall
,
for
Xerxes
being
also
expelled
their
Country
,
did
by
an
infortunate
and
a
dishonourable
flight
,
An.
Mund.
3488
and
that
was
in
the
266.
yeere
after
the
building
of
Rome
.
Herodotus
,
before
Thucidides
,
writ
of
this
Persian
warre
.
Cicero
calls
him
the
Father
of
historie
,
but
reports
that
his
writings
are
stuft
with
an
infinite
companie
of
fables
,
The
Lacedemonians
were
sore
offended
at
this
fortification
of
the
Athenians
,
but
sith
they
could
not
tell
how
to
amend
themselues
,
buried
all
in
murmuring
silence
:
and
both
they
,
as
also
the
rest
of
the
Grecians
,
together
with
the
Athenians
,
ioyning
forces
,
tooke
the
I
le
of
Cyprus
,
and
the
Citie
[
d
](A09569-e15000-b)
d
Now
called
Constantinople
.
Byzantium
,
which
the
Persians
held
.
Among
the
rest
of
the
Lacedemonian
Captaines
in
this
warre
,
Pausanias
was
one
,
who
(
being
condemned
of
treason
)
after
he
was
returned
home
,
and
lay
besieged
in
a
certaine
Sanctuarie
,
was
famished
to
death
with
hunger
.
Themistocles
also
(
being
in
like
manner
accused
)
fled
.
Soone
after
this
,
Greece
was
tossed
vp
and
downe
with
sundry
wars
and
dissentions
,
partly
forraigne
and
partly
domesticall
,
which
Thucidides
pithily
relates
.
But
at
length
,
in
the
fiftieth
yeere
after
Xerxes
departure
out
of
Greece
,
as
Cicero
reports
it
after
Thucidides
,
that
cruell
warre
sprung
out
when
the
whole
Country
of
[
e
](A09569-e15140-b)
e
Now
called
Morea
.
Peloponnesus
,
conspired
against
the
Athenians
;
Pericles
,
Anaxagoras
his
scholler
,
being
their
Leader
in
that
warre
;
who
,
as
Aristophanes
reports
,
lightned
,
thundred
,
and
set
all
Greece
on
fire
with
his
tongue
.
For
these
in
times
past
,
were
the
master-pieces
of
prowesse
and
eloquence
.
On
the
other
part
,
Archidamus
King
of
the
Lacedemonians
had
supreame
command
.
Thucidides
who
writ
of
this
warre
,
was
both
equall
to
,
and
emulous
of
Pericles
.
Sophocles
the
tragicall
Poet
,
was
,
as
Cicero
writes
,
Pericles
his
collegue
,
in
the
Generalship
.
Now
let
vs
returne
to
Xerxes
.
He
,
by
reason
of
such
his
bad
successe
,
being
growne
into
contempt
,
was
slain
by
his
own
subiects
.
Artaxerxes
Long-hand
succeeded
him
.
To
him
fled
the
exiled
Themistocles
,
whom
we
spake
of
a
little
before
,
and
there
[
f
](A09569-e15310-b)
f
Poysoned
himselfe
,
because
he
would
not
goe
with
Artaxerxes
to
sight
agai●st
his
owne
Country
.
Darius
Nothus
.
ended
his
life
,
&
was
buried
at
Magnesia
.
After
Long-hand
,
Darius
Nothus
raigned
,
who
married
his
owne
sister
.
In
the
beginning
of
this
Kings
raigne
,
happened
the
aforesaid
Peloponnesian
warre
.
And
the
Athenians
,
though
they
had
remora's
enough
besides
,
yet
in
the
fourth
yeere
of
this
warre
,
as
Thucidides
recites
in
his
third
booke
,
they
sent
a
Nauie
into
Sicilie
,
vnder
pretence
to
aid
the
Leontinians
,
against
the
Syracusans
,
but
their
intent
was
to
bring
that
Iland
vnder
their
subiection
,
that
so
they
might
more
conueniently
subdue
Greece
,
and
afterwards
when
they
were
returned
,
and
fostered
their
owne
factions
,
Hermocrates
of
Syracusa
,
was
the
first
that
moued
the
Sicilians
to
liue
in
peace
,
laying
aside
all
grudges
,
for
the
Athenians
had
laid
snares
of
bondage
,
to
intrappe
the
libertie
of
their
whole
country
,
&
his
perswasion
tooke
effect
.
This
was
in
the
seuenth
yeere
of
this
warre
.
Three
yeeres
after
this
,
the
Athenians
and
Peloponnesians
,
concluded
a
truce
for
fifty
yeeres
,
but
it
held
not
full
seauen
:
for
euen
then
many
outrages
were
broached
,
and
though
the
peace
were
not
quite
abolished
,
and
gappes
of
offences
committed
,
were
euer
anon
stopt
vp
againe
by
truces
;
yet
in
the
17
yeere
,
they
burst
forth
againe
into
open
warre
with
full
forces
,
&
this
second
warre
continued
tenne
yeeres
.
Then
the
Athenians
send
ouer
againe
their
Nauie
,
most
exquisitely
furnished
,
into
Sicilie
.
The
chiefe
Commanders
,
whereof
among
the
rest
,
were
Alcibiades
and
Nicias
.
Nicias
very
earnestly
(
declaiming
certaine
Orations
to
that
purpose
)
disswaded
them
from
this
voiage
:
but
Alcibiades
perswaded
the
contrarie
.
The
Peloponnesians
gaue
aid
to
the
Sicilians
:
at
length
,
the
Athenians
incounter
with
their
enemies
in
the
Port
of
Syracusa
:
but
after
a
doubtfull
and
dangerous
battell
,
were
all
of
them
put
to
flight
and
slaine
.
In
the
meane
time
,
the
Lacedemonians
and
their
confederates
,
conclude
a
league
against
the
Athenians
with
Darius
King
of
Persia
.
Tissaphernes
was
Darius
his
Ambassadour
.
Next
after
,
Codrus
,
Polydor
of
Sparta
,
and
Aristomenes
of
Messene
:
these
following
are
for
the
most
part
reputed
the
chiefe
and
most
renowned
Captaines
of
the
Greekes
:
some
whereof
performed
worthy
seruice
for
the
whole
Country
of
Greece
,
and
euery
one
for
his
owne
country
at
the
least
:
as
,
Miltiades
,
Leonidas
,
Themistocles
,
Pericles
,
Aristides
,
Pausanias
,
Xantippus
,
Leotychidas
,
Cimon
,
Conon
,
Epaminondas
,
Leosthenes
,
Aratus
of
Sicyon
,
Philopoemen
.
Most
of
these
were
at
length
banished
their
countries
.
Cicero
describes
the
Port
of
Syracusa
,
and
reports
how
the
Athenian
Nauie
onely
,
which
consisted
of
300.
ships
,
did
within
mans
memorie
,
inuade
it
,
and
was
vanquished
and
ouerthrowne
within
the
same
,
by
reason
of
the
aduantage
in
the
scituation
and
nature
of
the
place
,
and
port
it selfe
:
and
then
first
of
all
was
the
puissance
of
that
Citie
borne
down
,
abated
and
ouerwhelmed
,
and
shipwracke
was
made
of
Nobilitie
,
Gouernement
and
Glory
.
Thucidides
relates
,
that
the
circuit
of
Sicilie
is
as
much
as
a
great
vessell
can
saile
round
about
in
eight
daies
space
:
and
that
the
Iland
is
distant
from
the
Continent
,
about
twenty
[
g
](A09569-e15760-b)
g
Two
miles
and
a
ha●e
.
furlongs
.
Darius
had
two
sonnes
Artaxerxes
Mnemon
,
and
Cyrus
;
Marcus
Portius
Cato
,
as
Cicero
hath
it
,
cals
this
Cyrus
the
yonger
King
of
Persia
,
a
man
of
an
excellent
wit
,
and
the
glory
of
his
Kingdome
.
He
commends
him
also
for
his
delight
in
husbandry
,
as
Xenophon
writes
of
him
:
for
this
Xenophon
was
one
of
his
souldiers
,
and
very
familiar
with
him
,
and
for
that
cause
was
afterwards
driuen
into
exile
by
the
Athenians
who
were
in
league
&
amity
with
Mnemon
.
Alexander
by
these
famous
victories
,
brought
vnder
his
subiection
almost
all
the
countries
lying
Eastward
,
[
h
](A09569-e16180-b)
h
He
caused
himselfe
to
be
burnt
following
the
ancient
custome
of
the
chiefemen
of
his
Nation
.
burnt
,
Alexander
asked
if
he
had
any
thing
to
say
,
Oyes
,
quoth
he
,
I
shall
see
thee
●re
it
be
long
.
Within
a
few
dayes
after
Alexander
breathed
his
last
,
which
was
(
as
it
is
commonly
taken
)
in
the
hundred
&
fourteenth
[
i
](A09569-e16210-b)
i
Games
in
honor
of
Iupiter
celebrated
euery
fift
yeere
:
they
begun
An.
mund.
3186
〈◊〉
Most
authors
(
as
Meibomius
notes
)
agree
that
he
dyed
in
the
429
y.
after
the
building
of
Rome
.
Olympian
,
&
in
the
foure
hundred
and
ninth
yeare
after
the
building
of
the
City
of
Rome
,
which
is
322.
yeares
before
the
birth
of
Christ
.
He
was
a
very
deuout
louer
of
good
Arts
,
&
most
liberall
towards
learned
men
:
&
is
therefore
highly
extold
in
many
of
their
workes
.
He
delighted
much
in
Homers
Poems
,
and
though
we
read
that
hee
was
neuer
without
many
learned
men
about
him
to
record
his
acts
:
yet
when
hee
stood
before
Achilles
his
tomb
in
Sigeum
.
O
happy
young
man
,
said
he
,
that
hast
found
such
an
Herald
as
Homer
to
proclaime
thy
vertues
.
For
as
hee
would
(
rather
then
any
others
)
haue
Apelles
his
[
l
](A09569-e16320-b)
l
Painter
.
Pictor
,
and
Lysippus
his
[
m
](A09569-e16340-b)
m
Statuist
.
Fictor
:
so
would
hee
haue
his
worth
extold
and
commended
to
the
memorie
of
posterity
,
by
such
,
as
in
setting
forth
his
glory
,
could
purchase
renowne
to
their
owne
wits
.
He
imployed
his
Tutor
Aristotle
,
about
describing
the
nature
of
all
liuing
creatures
,
and
for
that
purpose
procured
certaine
thousands
of
men
,
throughout
Greece
&
Asia
:
as
Grasiers
,
Huntsmen
,
Fishermen
,
Fishmongers
,
Fowlers
,
&
many
more
such
like
,
to
giue
him
information
of
each
creature
.
It
s
written
that
hee
gaue
to
the
Author
himselfe
in
recompence
of
his
labour
,
800
Talents
,
which
amounts
as
the
learned
of
our
times
collect
to
1480.
Crownes
.
He
sent
Xenocrates
the
Philosopher
50
Talents
,
by
his
Ambassador
,
which
comes
to
1030
Crownes
,
which
when
hee
refused
and
sent
him
word
back
again
by
his
Ambassadors
that
he
hath
no
need
of
so
much
money
.
What
,
said
he
,
has
he
no
friend
,
whom
he
may
benefit
by
them
?
In
his
tender
yeares
,
when
he
was
Aristotles
scholler
,
hee
was
,
as
Cicero
writes
,
endued
with
a
most
excellent
wit
,
and
exceeding
great
modesty
,
but
afterwards
aduanced
with
the
title
of
King
.
He
grew
proud
,
cruell
and
deboist
.
Historiographers
tell
wondrous
stories
of
Darius
his
gorgeous
pomp
,
delicious
pastimes
,
and
riotous
exesse
:
For
hee
kept
within
his
Tents
Cookes
of
all
kinds
,
Hucksters
,
crammers
of
fowle
,
Artificers
,
clerks
of
his
kitchin
,
and
Confectioners
:
lest
hee
should
bee
vnprouided
of
any
meanes
that
might
encrease
his
bodily
pleasure
.
Many
writers
speake
of
the
Kings
of
Persia
their
solemnities
and
sumptuous
prouision
in
their
daily
banquets
elsewhere
.
They
were
wont
to
keep
many
wiues
,
as
Cicero
writes
,
and
to
those
they
gaue
certaine
cities
,
that
such
a
citie
should
find
such
a
woman
with
all
manner
of
attire
for
her
head
,
and
such
a
City
with
this
or
that
apparell
.
Such
was
Darius
his
end
,
as
I
formerly
recited
,
who
as
he
fled
from
Alexander
,
drinking
foule
water
polluted
with
dead
corpes
:
denyed
that
euer
in
al
his
life
he
drunk
a
more
pleasant
draught
:
for
he
neuer
drunke
when
hee
was
a
thirst
,
before
that
time
.
After
Alexanders
death
,
his
spacious
Empire
was
diuided
amongst
his
Nobles
,
Ptolomeus
,
Laomedon
,
Antigonus
,
Cassander
,
Leonatus
,
Eumenes
,
Python
,
Lysimachus
,
Antipater
,
Meleager
,
Seleucus
,
but
the
chiefe
of
those
was
Seleucus
,
afterwards
made
King
of
Syria
,
as
also
Ptolomeus
of
Egypt
,
Antigonus
of
the
lesser
Asia
,
and
Cassander
of
the
Macedons
&
Greece
,
hauing
quite
cut
off
all
Alexanders
alliance
.
This
Lysimachus
is
he
,
whom
Alexander
being
on
a
time
angry
with
,
caused
to
be
shut
vp
with
a
Lyon
:
but
when
he
heard
how
hee
had
killed
the
beast
,
highly
esteemed
of
him
.
Now
most
grieuous
warres
,
as
it
is
common
,
arose
betwixt
those
forenamed
successors
and
their
sonnes
and
Nephewes
:
for
the
mind
once
corrupted
with
ambition
can
admit
no
rest
,
but
plots
how
to
augment
its
own
power
,
by
committing
iniury
vpon
other
men
.
And
all
these
Countries
being
most
miserably
afflicted
with
those
wars
,
by
reason
they
were
continuall
,
by
little
and
little
grew
into
subiection
to
the
Romanes
,
who
extending
their
dominions
farre
and
wide
,
made
vp
the
fourth
and
last
Monarchy
,
whereof
I
am
now
to
speake
.
But
amongst
Alexanders
successours
in
this
Kingdome
of
Aegypt
,
Ptolomeus
Philodelphus
was
one
,
a
most
laudable
Prince
:
For
he
,
as
much
as
in
his
lay
,
kept
peace
with
all
,
stirred
vp
the
liberall
sciences
,
appointing
stipends
for
schollers
,
erected
a
most
copious
Library
and
commanded
the
books
of
Moses
,
and
the
Prophets
,
to
be
translated
into
the
Greeke
tongue
.
The
beginning
of
the
city
of
Rome
therefore
,
was
at
that
time
when
Salmanassar
before
mentioned
,
raigned
in
Assyria
,
that
is
in
the
first
yeare
of
the
seuenth
Olympiad
,
according
to
Plutarch
,
and
of
the
world
,
3212.
when
as
,
almost
400.
yeares
before
,
[
n
](A09569-e16790-b)
n
A
part
of
Italy
.
Latium
,
after
the
Troian
warres
,
which
Homer
left
to
the
memory
of
posterity
:
of
whose
[
o
](A09569-e16840-b)
o
Herodotus
,
Dion
:
Halicarnass
.
Solinus
,
and
Gellius
(
as
Meibomius
notes
)
writeth
of
his
time
.
time
,
as
likewise
of
his
[
p
](A09569-e16880-b)
p
Gellius
also
writes
of
his
Countrey
.
country
,
there
is
no
certainty
extant
:
onely
Cicero
writes
that
many
years
before
the
building
of
Rome
,
and
Romulus
:
there
was
such
a
man
.
Howsoeuer
there
is
no
prophane
writing
of
more
antiquitie
then
his
Poem
:
for
as
Horace
saith
;
Many
braue
worthies
flourisht
ere
those
daies
,
When
Agamemnon
shin'd
,
whose
bootlesse
praise
Hath
not
the
force
t'
attract
one
liquid
eie
:
For
lasting
night
with
blacke
obscuritie
,
In
ignorance
inuelopt
hath
their
names
,
Wanting
no
Herald
to
proclaime
their
fames
.
Cicero
also
signifies
as
much
,
who
writes
that
there
was
not
the
tract
of
an
Orator
to
bee
seene
before
Homers
time
.
As
for
the
originall
of
Rome
,
it
was
but
meane
and
in
a
manner
contemptible
,
but
because
God
hath
so
ordained
as
afterwards
it
shall
be
declared
:
it
grew
vp
to
the
height
of
potency
.
In
their
first
beginning
seuen
Kings
raigned
ouer
them
,
244.
yeares
.
And
in
Seruius
Tullus
the
sixt
Kings
raigne
,
Solon
and
Pisistratus
flourisht
in
Athens
,
and
Pythagoras
in
Italy
,
as
Cicero
writes
.
At
what
time
Tarquinius
the
proud
was
expell'd
.
He
writes
also
that
in
this
Seruius
Tullus
his
raigne
,
Athens
had
then
stood
about
700.
yeares
.
Hauing
expell'd
their
Kings
,
the
gouernment
of
their
State
was
translated
to
two
Consuls
,
whose
office
was
annuall
.
The
first
was
Lucius
Iunius
Brutus
,
one
no
lesse
vehement
and
diligent
about
expulsion
of
the
Kings
,
and
setting
vp
the
liberty
of
his
Countrey
:
then
vigilant
and
valiant
in
preseruation
thereof
.
For
when
his
owne
two
sonnes
,
Titus
and
Tiberius
,
amongst
other
Noblemens
sonnes
of
Rome
,
had
commun'd
together
in
priuate
consultations
,
about
calling
in
againe
of
the
Tarquins
:
after
the
matter
was
openly
disclosed
,
he
put
them
to
open
death
Hee
also
abrogated
his
Collegue
Tarquinius
Collatinus
his
authority
,
who
was
his
associate
in
expelling
of
the
Kings
,
as
also
coadiutor
in
his
Councells
.
Cicero
defends
this
fact
as
iust
,
and
saith
it
was
no
lesse
profitable
then
honourable
to
his
Country
,
that
thereby
both
the
name
of
the
Tarquins
,
and
the
remembrance
of
the
Kingdome
might
bee
extinguished
.
But
in
this
variable
fortune
of
the
Romans
,
when
all
[
q
](A09569-e17440-b)
q
Tuscanie
.
Hetruria
had
conspired
against
them
,
three
hundred
of
the
[
a
](A09569-e17460-b)
a
306.
as
Liuie
,
Florus
,
Ouid
,
&c.
Fabies
marched
out
of
the
Citie
against
the
enemie
,
and
were
all
slaine
,
sauing
a
childe
which
was
left
at
home
,
and
so
left
aliue
:
who
afterwards
raised
the
house
againe
:
this
happened
in
the
thirty
three
yeere
after
the
expulsion
of
the
Kings
.
By
reason
of
the
troublesome
state
of
the
Common-wealth
,
Ambassadours
were
sent
into
Greece
,
in
the
three
hundred
yeere
after
the
building
of
the
Citie
,
to
fetch
from
thence
,
the
lawes
,
which
the
Citie
of
Rome
should
vse
.
After
their
returne
the
forme
of
gouernement
of
the
Common-wealth
,
was
changed
,
and
the
[
r
](A09569-e17510-b)
r
Tenne
Noblemen
appointed
to
gouerne
in
stead
of
Consuls
.
Decemvirs
were
put
in
authoritie
with
the
gouernement
therof
,
but
this
order
held
not
full
three
yeeres
:
for
Appius
Claudius
,
one
of
the
Decemvirs
,
by
his
lewdnesse
in
violently
carrying
away
a
Virgin
,
daughter
to
Lucius
Virginius
,
a
Citizen
of
Rome
,
to
serue
his
lust
:
gaue
occasion
to
the
people
wholly
to
subuert
this
order
.
So
the
gouernement
returned
to
the
Consuls
,
but
those
two
,
held
it
but
a
few
yeeres
:
and
then
two
[
s
](A09569-e17570-b)
s
Much
like
our
Knight
Marshals
at
this
day
.
Tribunes
of
the
Soldiers
were
constituted
with
Consular
authoritie
:
but
they
before
their
yeere
was
out
,
left
off
their
office
,
and
made
roome
againe
for
the
Consuls
:
and
at
this
time
,
which
was
in
the
three
hundred
&
fifteenth
yeer
of
Rome
built
,
Lucius
Quintus
Cincinnatus
the
Dictator
,
caused
Caius
Seruilius
Hala
,
master
of
the
Cauallery
,
to
kill
Spurius
Melius
,
&
also
pluckt
downe
his
house
,
because
hee
indeauoured
by
his
lauish
liberalitie
of
corne
in
the
Citie
,
to
procure
the
Kingdome
.
Two
yeeres
after
this
,
the
gouernement
was
reduced
to
the
Tribunes
of
the
Soldiers
,
who
afterwards
were
not
bipartite
,
but
more
were
created
at
one
and
the
same
time
,
as
the
people
pleased
,
and
the
state
of
the
Common-wealth
required
.
This
kinde
of
gouernment
continued
almost
70.
yeeres
,
and
among
the
rest
in
this
office
,
flourisht
,
Marcus
Furius
Camillus
,
inferiour
to
none
for
valour
:
who
,
though
hee
had
done
worthy
seruice
for
the
Common-weale
,
yet
his
ingratefull
country
,
thrust
him
out
into
banishment
,
after
hee
had
beene
Tribune
of
the
Soldiers
the
fourth
time
:
but
after
hee
had
recouered
the
Citio
out
of
the
hands
of
the
[
t
](A09569-e17640-b)
t
Inhabiting
in
and
about
Sons
in
Gallia
.
Gallisenons
,
who
had
taken
it
,
and
vanquisht
the
enemie
,
was
restored
to
his
former
dignity
,
and
within
two
yeeres
after
made
[
u
](A09569-e17680-b)
u
He
had
power
regall
,
and
was
neuer
chosen
,
but
when
the
Common-wealth
was
in
great
danger
,
and
could
not
hold
his
place
aboue
half
a
yeere
.
Dictator
.
A
few
yeeres
after
this
,
Marcus
Manlius
,
he
that
defended
the
Capitoll
against
the
Gaules
,
being
suspected
of
affecting
soueraigntie
,
was
pitcht
headlong
from
the
top
of
the
hill
Tarpeium
,
and
a
law
made
,
that
no
man
descending
from
the
stocke
of
any
Senatour
of
the
house
of
the
Manlies
,
should
bee
called
Marcus
.
After
this
,
Camillus
was
the
seuenth
time
created
Tribune
of
the
Soldiers
,
and
being
very
old
,
ended
his
life
in
the
389.
yeere
after
the
building
of
Rome
:
the
gouernment
being
a
yeere
before
his
death
,
againe
reduced
to
the
Consuls
.
The
first
whereof
was
a
[
*
](A09569-e17760-b)
*
One
of
the
Commeueltie
.
Plebeian
.
In
those
times
flourisht
the
most
renowned
Captaines
of
warre
in
that
Citie
,
such
as
were
,
Marcus
Valerius
Corvinus
,
Titus
Manlius
Torquatus
,
Caius
Martius
Rutilius
,
Publius
Decius
Mus
,
Papirius
Cursor
,
Publius
Philo
,
Lucius
Volumninus
,
and
others
.
One
of
which
,
namely
,
Titus
Manlius
Torquatus
,
one
of
the
Consuls
,
beheaded
his
owne
sonne
,
for
that
he
(
contrary
to
his
command
,
and
out
of
his
ranke
)
had
encountred
his
enemie
in
a
single
combat
,
although
hee
got
the
vpperhand
.
Publius
Decius
Alus
the
other
Consull
,
in
the
battell
against
the
Latines
,
deuow'd
and
bequeathed
himselfe
to
death
for
the
Romano
Armie
:
when
violently
rushing
into
the
thickest
troopes
of
his
enemies
,
by
his
death
,
re-established
the
tottering
state
of
Rome
.
His
sonne
,
of
his
owne
name
,
foure
times
Consull
,
performed
the
like
against
the
Galli-Senones
,
forty
foure
yeers
after
that
.
At
the
same
before-mentioned
time
,
in
the
[
x
](A09569-e17850-b)
x
Most
Authors
agree
of
10.
or
12.
yeers
before
,
viz.
Anno
Mundi
,
3620.
or
22.
420.
yeere
of
Rome
built
,
Alexander
the
great
,
founder
of
the
third
Monarchie
,
as
we
haue
aboue
declared
,
flourished
and
made
his
warres
.
Titus
Liuius
compares
Lucius
Papyrius
Cursor
with
him
,
and
extending
his
discourse
as
well
for
his
owne
as
his
Readers
recreation
,
shews
that
he
was
able
to
haue
resisted
Alexander
,
if
happily
hee
had
led
his
forces
into
Europe
,
after
his
conquest
of
Asia
,
and
made
warre
vpon
the
Romanes
.
This
before-recited
Papyrius
Cursor
,
was
indued
with
the
very
quintessence
of
valour
:
for
,
omitting
other
his
valiant
acts
,
when
Titus
Veturius
Caluinus
,
and
Spurius
Posthumius
Albinus
the
two
Consuls
,
together
with
the
whole
armie
at
the
[
y
](A09569-e17980-b)
y
Made
of
speares
or
iauelings
stucke
in
the
ground
vnder
which
the
conquered
were
to
passe
in
dishonour
.
Forks
of
Caudium
,
were
compelled
by
the
Lamnits
,
to
goe
ignobly
vnder
the
yoke
,
and
had
made
a
dishonourable
peace
with
the
enemie
:
Hee
(
being
created
Consull
)
vanquisht
the
late
conquering
enemie
,
and
put
him
to
flight
;
as
also
when
hee
was
Dictator
,
made
his
owne
Master
of
the
Cauallery
an
example
to
teach
what
strict
obseruance
ought
to
bee
had
in
militarie
discipline
.
In
this
age
also
,
and
a
little
vpwards
,
Greece
brought
forth
men
of
transcendent
learning
;
for
then
flourished
Socrates
,
and
from
him
,
as
from
a
certaine
fountaine
,
Aristippus
,
Plato
,
Antisthenes
,
Speusippus
,
Aristotle
,
Di●aearchus
,
Xenocrates
,
Heraclides
,
Theophrastus
,
Polemo
,
and
Strabo
;
all
of
them
Physiologers
,
and
as
Cicero
cals
them
,
Speculators
and
hunters
of
Nature
.
Then
also
flourished
most
famous
Oratours
,
as
Gorgias
,
Protagoras
,
Prodicus
,
Hippias
,
Isoerates
,
Lysias
,
Demostenes
,
Hyperides
,
Aeschines
,
Phalerius
,
Demetrius
.
And
Historiographers
chiefly
,
Xenophon
,
whom
Cicero
cals
a
Socratist
,
and
Calisthenes
,
Alexander
the
great
his
companion
.
In
this
age
liued
Dionysius
the
Spracusan
Tirant
,
to
whom
when
Plato
came
and
spoke
freely
concerning
the
dutie
of
a
Prince
,
he
put
him
in
great
danger
of
his
life
,
as
Cicero
relates
.
This
was
hee
who
committed
not
the
guard
of
his
body
,
to
his
allies
,
but
to
certaine
strangers
,
and
sauage
and
barbarous
people
:
hee
who
taught
his
daughters
how
to
cut
their
haire
,
that
they
should
not
aduenture
their
neckes
vnder
the
Barbers
hands
:
who
suffered
them
not
to
vse
any
manner
of
edge-toole
,
after
they
were
come
to
yeeres
,
but
made
them
cindge
his
head
and
beard
with
red-hot
Walnut-shels
:
who
resorted
to
his
wiues
often
times
by
night
,
but
first
made
sure
to
suruey
and
prie
into
all
places
:
who
not
daring
to
shew
himselfe
in
the
common
Pulpits
,
was
wont
to
speake
to
the
people
out
of
a
Tower
:
who
shewed
Damocles
one
of
his
Parrasites
,
what
manner
of
felicitie
that
of
his
was
,
which
he
had
boasted
of
:
for
as
hee
sate
in
the
middest
of
his
choisest
delicates
,
with
abundance
and
superfluitie
of
all
manner
of
pleasures
;
he
caused
a
glittering
sword
,
hanging
by
a
bristle
of
a
horses
vpper
lip
,
to
be
let
downe
,
that
it
might
hang
ouer
his
necke
.
About
forty
two
yeeres
after
Alexanders
death
,
Pyrrhus
King
of
the
Epirotes
came
into
Italie
,
and
made
warre
with
the
Romanes
.
In
his
second
yeeres
warre
,
he
solicited
the
Senate
about
concluding
of
a
peace
and
a
league
.
But
Appius
Claudius
both
old
and
blinde
,
who
,
as
Cicero
writes
,
had
beene
twice
Consull
before
that
,
came
into
the
Court
;
and
disswaded
the
Senate
inclining
to
peace
,
from
making
any
league
with
him
;
for
,
euen
in
that
case
,
wherein
he
then
was
,
he
had
so
much
courage
,
as
not
to
shrinke
from
any
either
priuate
or
publike
seruice
.
The
Oration
which
hee
then
pronounced
concerning
Pyrrhus
,
when
hee
broke
off
the
peace
,
was
extant
in
Ciceroes
daies
,
as
hee
himselfe
witnesseth
.
At
this
time
,
Cains
Fabritius
Luscinus
,
performed
a
worthy
piece
of
seruice
for
the
Common-wealth
,
who
being
solicited
by
Pyrrhus
,
to
reuolt
,
contemned
his
most
ample
gifts
,
and
large
proffers
:
nor
onely
so
,
but
also
sent
him
backe
againe
,
a
certaine
captiued
runne-away
,
who
had
certified
,
that
hee
could
take
away
the
Kings
life
by
poison
.
Cicero
compares
him
with
Aristides
the
Athenian
.
Mannius
Curius
Dentatus
,
gaue
Pyrrhus
an
vtter
ouerthrow
,
at
his
second
inuasion
of
Italie
,
and
triumphed
ouer
him
.
This
Pyrrhus
was
the
first
that
euer
brought
Elephants
into
Lucania
.
And
till
this
time
,
(
being
almost
fiue
hundred
yeeres
continuance
)
the
Romans
were
in
warres
with
the
inhabitants
of
Italie
onely
,
amongst
whom
the
Latines
,
Veientes
,
Aequies
,
Faliscians
,
Samnites
,
Hetrucians
,
resisted
very
stoutly
,
sometimes
conquered
,
sometimes
conquering
:
who
being
at
length
subdued
,
and
a
peace
setled
;
that
most
bloody
warre
against
the
Carthaginians
sprung
vp
:
the
[
z
](A09569-e18400-b)
z
Iosephus
writes
that
it
was
built
within
143
yeeres
after
Solomons
Temple
.
The
first
Punicke
or
Carthaginian
warre
beganne
Anno
mandi
3697.
originall
of
which
Citie
,
is
by
euident
testimonie
,
prooued
to
be
farre
more
[
z
](A09569-e18460-b)
z
Iosephus
writes
that
it
was
built
within
143
yeeres
after
Solomons
Temple
.
The
first
Punicke
or
Carthaginian
warre
beganne
Anno
mandi
3697.
ancient
then
Rome
.
This
warre
begunne
in
the
foure
hundred
eighty
fift
yeere
of
Rome
built
:
In
which
,
that
noble
act
,
which
hath
report
of
performance
by
Marcus
Attilius
Regulus
deserues
singular
commemoration
,
who
,
being
taken
prisoner
by
the
Carthaginians
,
and
sent
by
them
to
Rome
,
to
treate
of
a
peace
and
exchange
of
prisoners
,
with
condition
(
except
hee
preuailed
)
to
returne
to
his
bondage
:
Hee
,
when
hee
came
thither
,
perswaded
the
Senate
the
quite
contrary
way
,
&
shewed
that
it
was
repugnant
to
the
custom
of
the
Common-wealth
:
but
yet
holding
it
a
point
of
honour
,
to
hold
promise
with
his
enemie
,
returned
to
Carthage
,
where
hee
was
put
to
death
with
the
most
cruell
kinde
of
punishment
:
his
eye-lids
being
cut
away
,
and
so
bound
fast
in
an
engine
,
consumed
to
death
by
waking
.
This
warre
proceeding
,
the
Romans
had
their
first
and
fortunate
sea-fight
in
Sicilie
,
against
Hanno
,
Publius
Duillius
Consul
:
Cicero
rankes
this
Duillius
,
Mannius
Curius
,
and
Caius
Fabritius
;
as
also
Attilius
Calatinus
,
Cneius
and
Publius
,
both
Scipioes
,
Aphricanus
,
Marcellus
,
and
Fabius
Maximus
,
within
the
list
of
the
most
renowned
Consuls
of
Rome
.
The
yeere
following
,
Lucius
Cornelius
Scipio
,
Consull
,
took
the
Ilands
of
Corsiea
and
Sardinia
.
The
Carthaginian
warre
,
after
it
had
lasted
three
and
twenty
yeeres
,
Quintus
Luctatius
,
Catulus
Cercus
,
and
Aulus
Manlius
,
Consulls
.
Two
yeeres
before
this
,
was
Ennius
borne
.
Hee
was
elder
then
Marcus
Portius
Cato
,
(
who
cals
him
his
familiar
consort
)
by
fiue
yeeres
.
And
Rome
was
now
againe
intrapt
with
new
wars
against
the
[
a
](A09569-e18790-b)
a
Of
Tuscame
.
Faliscians
,
[
b
](A09569-e18820-b)
b
Of
Tuscame
vpon
the
Sea-coast
.
Lygurians
,
[
c
](A09569-e18850-b)
c
Sclauonians
.
Illyrians
,
[
d
](A09569-e18870-b)
d
Of
Gallia
,
now
France
.
Galles
,
[
e
](A09569-e18910-b)
e
Bohemians
.
Boies
,
[
f
](A09569-e18930-b)
f
Of
now
Lumbardie
.
The
second
warre
which
the
Carthaginians
begun
,
Anno
Mundi
3751.
Insubrians
,
whom
hauing
at
length
ouercome
,
the
second
Punicke
or
Carthaginian
warre
burst
forth
,
in
the
twenty
fourth
yeere
after
the
conclusion
of
peace
.
Publius
Cornelius
Scipio
,
and
Titus
Sempronius
Longus
,
then
Consuls
.
Hannibal
was
Captaine
Generall
in
this
warre
,
who
sack't
the
Citie
of
Saguntum
,
and
bending
his
course
through
Spaine
towards
Gallia
,
and
from
thence
to
Italie
,
in
three
seuerall
battels
,
at
[
g
](A09569-e19070-b)
g
Now
Pauie
.
Ticinum
,
the
Riuer
Trebia
,
and
the
Lake
Thrasimine
,
ouercame
the
Romanes
.
But
Quintus
Fabius
Maximus
being
created
Dictator
,
and
marching
forth
against
the
enemie
,
by
subtle
and
dilatorie
withdrawing
from
him
,
weakened
and
tooke
off
the
edge
of
his
force
and
furie
.
This
was
that
very
Fabius
,
whose
fame
Ennius
celebrating
,
saith
thus
of
him
.
One
mans
delay
,
our
safety
hath
regained
.
Cicero
accounts
him
a
great
Politician
,
and
saies
,
that
hee
could
conceale
,
keepe
silence
,
dissemble
,
insnare
,
and
preuent
his
enemies
in
their
consultations
.
But
after
this
,
the
Romans
receiued
a
very
great
ouerthrow
at
[
h
](A09569-e19220-b)
h
A
towne
of
Apulia
in
Italie
.
Canna
,
which
strucke
such
an
horrid
feare
in
the
Citie
,
that
many
of
the
abler
sort
purposed
to
flie
and
forsake
the
Citie
,
but
were
re-animated
and
withdrawne
from
their
intents
,
by
Publius
Cornelius
Scipio
Publius
his
sonne
,
a
magnanimous
yong
Gentleman
,
and
then
scarce
foure
and
twenty
complete
.
The
fourth
yeere
following
,
Claudius
Marcellus
tooke
Syracusa
after
a
long
continuing
siege
.
In
the
sacking
of
which
Citie
,
the
famous
Mathematitian
Archimides
was
slaine
:
who
was
drawing
certaine
Astronomicall
figures
in
dust
,
not
dreaming
of
the
conquest
of
his
country
.
Marcellus
hauing
notice
hereof
,
tooke
his
death
wonderfull
heauily
,
and
commanded
his
body
to
bee
buried
:
not
onely
suffering
the
conquered
Citie
to
remaine
in
safetie
,
as
Cicero
writes
,
but
also
left
it
so
furnished
,
that
it
should
stand
for
a
Monument
of
victorie
,
humanitie
,
and
clemency
.
Moreouer
,
as
he
speakes
vpon
Verres
,
the
[
i
](A09569-e19330-b)
i
Much
like
our
Lord
chiefe
Iustices
at
this
day
.
Praetors
arriuall
there
;
in
this
victory
of
Marcellus
,
there
were
fewer
men
,
then
gods
slaine
:
but
Liuie
reports
,
that
many
abhominable
examples
of
wrath
,
enuy
,
and
auarice
,
were
then
and
there
shewed
.
Cicero
when
he
was
[
k
](A09569-e19380-b)
k
Much
like
our
office
of
Lord
Treasurer
.
Questor
of
Sicilia
hauing
by
some
description
found
out
the
place
of
Archimedes
buriall
,
shewed
his
tomb
to
the
Senate
of
Syracusa
,
137
y.
afterwards
,
though
it
was
quite
worne
out
of
memory
,
grown
ouer
with
bryars
and
brambles
,
and
vnknowne
to
the
very
Citizens
themselues
.
He
further
reports
that
this
City
of
Syracusa
,
was
the
greatest
&
most
beautifull
city
in
Greece
,
and
that
it
was
compact
of
foure
very
great
Cities
:
the
Island
,
where
was
the
fountaine
of
Arethusa
,
hauing
great
store
of
fish
:
Acradania
where
the
market
place
[
*
](A09569-e19470-b)
*
Porticus
.
The
publike
walking
place
for
pleasure
,
recreation
or
exercise
.
Prado
,
and
[
*
](A09569-e19500-b)
*
Curia
.
Senatehouse
stood
:
Tyche
,
where
the
Temple
of
Fortune
stood
:
Neapolis
built
last
of
all
,
where
the
most
spacious
Theater
was
erected
.
Moreouer
,
this
,
of
any
forraigne
Nation
,
was
the
first
,
that
entred
into
amity
and
allegiance
with
the
Romans
,
and
was
their
first
prouince
,
as
the
same
Cicero
testifies
:
Annibal
,
soone
after
his
victory
,
compelled
all
Campania
to
bee
yeelded
vp
to
him
:
but
his
Army
wintering
at
Capua
with
superfluity
of
victualls
and
riot
,
became
wholy
disjoynted
and
broken
.
The
third
yeare
after
the
overthrow
of
Syracusa
,
Capua
was
surrendred
into
the
hands
of
the
Romans
:
and
it
was
long
and
much
demurred
vpon
,
whether
or
no
,
they
should
quite
destroy
the
City
:
at
length
they
agreed
to
preserue
it
,
yet
lest
it
should
at
any
time
afterwards
,
bee
able
to
raise
any
rebellion
,
their
fields
were
quite
taken
away
,
all
manner
of
authority
both
of
Magistrates
and
Senatours
abrogated
,
as
also
the
Councell
of
Estate
,
no
image
of
a
Common-wealth
left
,
but
was
appointed
to
bee
a
storehouse
for
fruit
,
the
plowmens
rendezuous
,
the
Countreymens
market
town
,
and
the
common
Garner
and
Cornhouse
for
the
countrey
of
Campania
.
Within
two
yeares
after
this
,
Asdrubal
brought
ouer
new
Auxiliary
Forces
into
Italy
:
but
was
slain
at
the
riuer
of
Metaurum
by
Marcus
Liuius
Salinator
,
&
Caius
Claudius
Nero
Consulls
.
In
the
meane
while
Publius
Cornesius
Scipio
had
good
successe
in
Spaine
,
after
his
father
&
his
vncle
had
lost
their
liues
there
.
He
hauing
recouered
the
whole
prouince
,
returnes
to
Rome
,
and
being
made
Consull
,
desired
to
be
authorized
ouer
Africa
,
that
he
might
make
war
there
.
But
Quintus
Fabius
Maximus
,
an
aged
graue
Senator
withstood
him
very
earnestly
:
and
vrged
that
it
was
not
fit
to
passe
into
Africa
,
but
to
ioyne
battell
with
Hannibal
.
Scipio
contrariwise
,
that
if
warre
were
made
with
the
Carthaginians
within
their
own
Quarters
,
they
must
of
necessity
,
be
constrained
to
call
home
Hannibal
out
of
Italy
,
in
whom
they
setled
their
chiefe
hopes
and
helpes
.
After
much
dispute
the
Senate
grants
Scipio
the
Prouince
of
Sicilie
,
and
permits
him
,
if
it
might
be
commodious
to
the
Common-wealth
,
to
passe
ouer
into
Africa
.
He
therefore
at
length
sets
forward
out
of
Sicilie
into
Africa
:
where
,
what
hee
had
foretold
the
Senate
by
word
,
he
confirmed
by
deed
.
For
the
Carthiginians
hauing
receiued
some
ouerthrowes
by
him
,
and
being
much
endammaged
,
call
backe
Hannibal
.
Thus
he
who
for
sixteene
yeeres
together
,
had
raged
vp
and
downe
Italy
,
and
pickt
out
a
place
vnder
the
verie
walles
of
Rome
,
where
to
pitch
his
Tents
,
was
compelled
to
returne
home
,
though
sore
against
his
will
and
to
his
great
griefe
:
where
at
length
in
his
owne
country
quarrell
,
An.
mund.
3797.
hee
was
vanquished
by
Scipio
,
who
soone
after
,
by
decree
of
the
Senate
,
concluded
a
peace
with
the
Enemie
.
Hereupon
came
his
surname
of
Africanus
.
But
here
we
must
consider
,
after
what
manner
the
Romans
creptout
of
these
most
intricate
straights
,
for
all
their
fortune
now
hung
by
a
most
slender
threed
;
yet
so
it
was
destined
,
that
they
should
ouersway
all
force
and
trouble
,
and
become
Lords
of
the
whole
earth
.
Some
report
that
Hannibal
foresaw
this
,
when
hee
heard
of
his
brother
Asdrubals
ouerthrow
.
The
words
which
hee
then
vs'd
,
Horace
sets
them
downe
,
in
that
Ode
,
Horace
l.
4.
Ode
4.
wherein
he
celebrates
the
fame
of
Drusus
and
his
house
;
which
being
most
learned
&
elegant
,
worthily
,
amongst
other
matters
,
deserues
commemoration
by
all
of
the
yonger
sort
.
Thus
the
Romanes
being
at
peace
with
the
Carthaginians
:
besides
those
warres
wherein
they
were
employed
,
in
Italy
,
Istria
,
and
Lusitania
:
Titus
Quintus
Flaminius
was
Generall
,
who
at
length
,
getting
the
vpper
hand
of
the
Enemy
,
did
by
decree
of
the
Senate
restore
Greece
,
to
its
former
liberty
:
and
amongst
other
iniunctions
prohibited
King
Philip
from
making
war
in
any
place
,
out
of
his
owne
Territories
,
without
decree
of
the
Senate
.
Mannius
Glabrio
,
Philip
King
of
Macedon
aiding
the
Romanes
in
that
warre
.
Those
before
recited
Kings
of
Asia
,
Syria
,
and
Macedonia
,
descended
from
their
posterity
,
who
,
as
wee
haue
aboue
related
,
diuided
the
prouinces
amongst
them
after
Alexander
the
Great
his
death
.
For
Carthage
being
pacified
,
and
all
Italy
brought
vnder
subiection
;
the
Romanes
hauing
subdued
their
neighbouring
Countries
of
Europe
both
by
sea
and
land
,
were
now
grown
to
that
height
,
that
Kings
and
people
farre
remote
implored
their
patronage
.
After
this
manner
the
Egyptians
(
whose
King
Ptolomy
Epiphanes
was
,
a
very
young
Prince
,
and
not
of
ability
by
reason
of
his
non-age
to
gouerne
them
)
being
brought
into
imminent
danger
by
Antiochus
the
Great
,
sent
ouer
their
Ambassadors
to
Rome
,
petitioning
the
Senate
to
vndertake
the
tuition
of
their
young
King
.
Hereupon
the
Senate
enioyned
Antiochus
to
forbeare
Egypt
:
Hee
hereat
incensed
,
but
more
especially
when
Hannibal
who
was
fled
to
him
and
remained
his
guest
very
earnestly
perswaded
him
to
the
warre
:
strucke
ouer
with
a
Nauie
into
Greece
,
and
there
,
as
wee
reported
before
,
was
put
to
flight
.
Whereupon
the
Romans
setting
forth
with
an
Armado
,
pursue
him
,
and
striking
ouer
into
Asia
,
ouerthrew
in
a
maine
battell
,
and
beat
him
backe
beyond
the
Mountaine
Taurus
.
Cicero
relates
,
how
after
this
ouerthrow
he
was
wont
to
say
,
that
the
Romans
had
done
him
a
very
good
turne
,
for
now
(
being
freed
from
too
exceeding
great
gouernment
)
hee
would
conteine
himselfe
within
the
moderate
bounds
of
a
Kingdome
.
Lucius
Cornelius
Scipio
,
Publius
Scipio
Africanus
his
brother
,
was
Captaine
Generall
in
this
warre
,
thereupon
surnamed
Asiaticus
.
After
this
,
Marcus
Fuluius
Nobilior
,
vanquished
the
[
l
](A09569-e20470-b)
l
A
certaine
people
of
Greece
.
Aetolians
,
and
triumphed
ouer
them
.
And
Publius
Scipio
Africanus
,
after
his
returne
home
out
of
Asia
,
(
whither
he
was
sent
in
Ambassage
to
his
brother
in
time
of
this
warre
)
being
crost
by
the
[
m
](A09569-e20520-b)
m
Officers
appointed
for
protection
of
the
Commons
against
the
Nobles
.
Tribunes
of
the
Commons
:
withdrew
himselfe
into
his
village
of
Liternum
,
and
there
,
this
man
of
transcendent
worth
,
ended
his
life
:
being
,
as
many
write
,
52.
yeares
old
,
of
the
same
age
with
Marcus
Portius
Cato
.
In
that
Dialogue
,
Quintus
Fabius
Cunctator
whom
Cicero
speaks
of
.
which
Cicero
writ
of
old
age
,
hee
brings
in
Cato
speaking
very
affectionately
and
honorably
both
of
his
age
and
studies
,
but
most
especially
extolling
his
magnanimity
:
howbeit
Liuie
writes
,
that
Cato
was
his
enemy
,
and
was
wont
much
to
disquiet
himselfe
with
the
odious
enuie
,
that
he
bore
against
him
for
his
fortitude
.
Cicero
commends
him
for
his
dexterous
celeritie
in
dispatch
of
businesse
.
At
this
time
flourisht
those
Poets
,
Ennius
,
Plautus
,
and
Neuius
.
After
Antiochur
his
ouerthrow
,
Hannibal
fled
to
Prusias
King
of
Bythinia
:
and
(
when
the
Romanes
desired
to
haue
him
deliuered
into
their
hand
)
by
a
draught
of
poison
finished
his
life
.
To
Antiochus
,
his
sonne
Antiochus
Epiphanes
succeeded
,
who
likewise
practised
by
treachery
to
haue
seized
vpon
the
Kingdome
of
Egypt
,
for
that
he
was
vncle
to
Ptolomie
Philometer
King
of
Egypt
,
who
succeeded
after
his
fathers
death
;
hereupon
,
professing
himselfe
to
be
the
yong
Kings
Tutor
,
purposed
to
dispatch
him
,
and
so
transferre
the
sway
of
gouernement
into
his
own
hands
,
but
his
plot
being
discouered
,
the
Romans
(
whom
the
Egyptians
had
againe
solicited
for
aide
)
sent
ouer
to
him
in
Ambassage
Caius
Popilius
Laenas
,
who
comming
to
conference
with
Antiochus
,
commanded
him
in
the
name
of
the
Romans
to
depart
from
Alexandria
,
which
hee
then
besieged
:
who
desiring
time
to
deliberate
vpon
it
;
Laenas
with
a
little
rod
drew
a
circle
round
about
him
in
the
place
where
hee
stood
,
and
in
flat
termes
charged
him
to
giue
his
answer
what
he
would
doe
,
before
hee
stirred
out
of
that
Ring
.
Hee
,
hereat
dismaid
,
and
not
being
ignorant
of
the
puisance
of
the
Romans
,
promised
peace
.
Those
passages
are
onely
for
this
purpose
mentioned
,
that
it
may
appeare
how
the
Romans
,
from
these
small
beginnings
gathered
ground
step
by
step
,
and
climbed
vp
to
the
highest
branch
of
gouernment
.
For
now
their
puissance
hauing
outstript
the
bounds
of
Italy
,
made
an
impression
into
seuerall
Quarters
of
the
world
:
but
a
great
part
of
their
labour
yet
remained
towards
the
keeping
in
together
the
ponderous
burthen
of
this
their
Empire
,
whose
circuit
contained
the
chiefest
part
of
the
whole
world
,
as
hereafter
though
briefly
,
I
le
declare
in
order
.
Philip
King
of
Macedon
,
he
whom
I
formerly
spoke
of
,
taking
it
very
hainously
that
the
Romanes
had
put
him
to
such
a
straight
:
was
aminded
to
renew
the
warre
;
but
being
preuented
by
death
,
his
sonne
and
successor
Perseus
,
hauing
beene
long
before
that
incensed
against
the
Romanes
,
vndertooke
this
warre
as
it
were
a
part
of
his
inheritage
:
but
Lucius
Aemilius
Paulus
,
the
second
time
Consull
,
Aemilius
Paulus
,
3802.
at
length
ouerthrew
him
in
battell
,
tooke
him
,
together
with
his
wife
,
mother
,
and
Children
,
and
led
them
in
triumph
,
for
this
cause
surnamed
Macedonicus
:
and
from
that
time
Macedonia
became
one
of
the
Prouinces
of
the
Romanes
.
The
yeare
next
before
this
,
dyed
Ennius
,
aged
70.
yeares
,
as
Cicero
hath
it
.
Within
a
few
yeares
following
,
Publius
Cornelius
Nasica
,
subdued
Dalmatia
,
and
not
long
after
the
third
Punicke
or
Carthaginian
warre
begunne
.
Marcus
Portius
Cato
,
vrging
the
contrarie
,
shewed
what
danger
might
hang
ouer
the
Common-wealth
of
Rome
,
by
reason
of
that
Citie
,
vnlesse
it
were
quite
destroyed
,
and
this
his
opinion
carried
it
,
he
himselfe
departing
his
life
in
the
time
of
this
deliberation
,
hauing
attained
to
the
eighty
fift
yeere
of
his
age
.
Cicero
rankes
him
amongst
the
ancient
Orators
,
and
places
him
next
after
Marcus
Cornelius
Cethegus
,
whom
Ennius
(
as
he
reports
)
extolled
.
Hee
also
further
relates
,
that
there
were
a
hundred
and
fifty
of
Catoes
Orations
extant
,
stuft
with
excellent
words
and
matter
:
and
reprehends
those
of
his
time
for
their
too
much
nicenesse
,
in
not
diligently
perusing
them
.
He
compares
him
with
Lysias
the
Athenian
Writer
.
In
this
third
Punicke
warre
,
Publius
Scipio
Aemilianus
,
Publius
Macedonicus
his
sonne
,
and
Publius
Scipio
Aphricanus
his
nephew
by
adoption
:
was
at
length
made
Captaine
Generall
.
He
,
in
the
fourth
yeere
of
his
warre
,
begunne
by
others
,
after
a
sharpe
siege
continuing
for
certaine
daies
,
tooke
the
Citie
of
Carthage
,
sackt
it
,
burnt
it
,
and
laid
it
leuell
with
the
ground
,
Publius
Scipio
after
hee
had
taken
Carthage
,
restored
to
the
Sicilians
,
those
Ensignes
&
ornaments
which
the
Carthaginians
had
taken
from
them
some
yeers
before
:
as
also
to
the
Agrigentines
,
that
famous
brazen
Bull
,
which
is
reported
to
bee
Phalaris
the
Tyrants
,
wherein
hee
was
wont
,
for
punishment
,
to
inclose
men
aliue
,
and
then
to
set
it
on
fire
.
This
Phalaris
lost
not
his
life
by
trechery
,
as
many
other
Tyrants
did
,
but
the
whole
multitude
of
the
Agrigentines
fell
vpon
him
.
Cicero
calls
Affrica
the
tower
of
all
Prouinces
.
Much
about
this
time
,
the
Romans
made
warre
with
the
Achaians
a
certaine
people
of
Greece
,
for
offring
iniurie
to
their
Ambassadours
.
Lucius
Mummius
Consul
,
was
Captaine
Generall
in
this
warre
,
who
getting
the
vpperhand
in
battell
,
forced
all
Achaia
to
be
yeelded
vp
to
him
,
and
by
decree
of
the
Senate
,
set
fire
on
Corinth
the
chiefe
Citie
,
and
vtterly
subuerted
it
:
lest
at
any
time
hereafter
,
being
repaired
,
it
might
arise
and
lift
vp
head
againe
.
Mummius
hereupon
was
sirnamed
Achaicus
.
About
this
time
also
one
Viriathus
,
(
who
from
a
Shepheard
grew
to
be
a
Hunter
,
from
a
Hunter
,
to
a
Highway-thiefe
,
and
afterward
,
leader
of
a
strong
Armie
)
kept
the
Country
of
[
n
](A09569-e21640-b)
n
Now
Portugal
in
Spaine
.
Lusitania
in
possession
;
who
for
some
certaine
yeeres
holding
play
with
the
Romans
,
and
very
oft
putting
them
to
the
foile
,
was
at
length
trecherously
slaine
:
and
soone
after
,
Decius
Iunius
Brutus
,
subdued
all
Lusitania
,
euen
to
the
Ocean
.
In
the
mean
time
the
Romans
receiued
a
great
ouerthrow
from
the
Numantines
a
people
of
Spaine
:
for
,
refusing
to
accept
of
the
peace
made
by
Mummius
the
Consull
,
in
regard
it
was
dishonourable
,
of
a
new
create
Publius
Scipio
Aemilianus
Aphricanus
,
Consull
,
contrarie
to
the
ordinarie
course
,
and
to
him
commit
the
charge
of
the
warre
:
who
marching
forth
with
an
armie
,
hauing
recalled
the
soldiers
,
growne
more
effiminate
and
impatient
of
labour
,
to
obseruance
of
strict
militarie
discipline
,
after
hee
had
besieged
the
citie
of
Numantia
some
certaine
daies
,
At
this
time
there
arose
an
vproare
of
the
bond-slaues
in
Sicilie
:
who
hauing
gathered
together
great
forces
,
were
at
length
with
much
adoe
repressed
by
Caius
Fuluius
the
Consull
.
After
this
,
the
Romans
had
warre
with
Aristomius
in
Asia
:
for
Attalus
King
of
Pergamos
,
had
by
his
testament
made
the
Romanes
his
heires
,
but
Aristomius
being
allied
to
him
,
seized
vpon
that
part
of
Asia
,
and
defrauded
the
Romans
of
the
benefit
of
his
Testament
.
Him
,
Marcus
Peperua
,
Consull
,
vanquished
,
and
at
length
tooke
prisoner
.
The
yeere
following
,
which
was
the
625.
yeere
of
Rome
built
,
Scipio
Aphricanus
murthered
3837.
Scipio
Aphricanus
lying
at
his
owne
house
,
was
in
the
night-time
murthered
by
his
owne
kinsfolkes
,
as
it
was
supposed
.
Cicero
makes
relation
of
his
most
fluent
eloquence
,
his
fidelitie
and
integritie
:
and
writes
,
that
albeit
the
whole
Citie
was
plunged
in
depth
of
sorrow
for
his
death
,
yet
no
man
opened
his
mouth
about
the
cause
therof
.
He
reports
also
,
that
in
this
yeere
,
the
sunne
was
twice
doubled
.
Thus
this
most
renowned
Commander
ended
his
daies
,
aged
56.
yeers
,
which
,
as
Cicero
in
a
most
sweet
fictitious
inuention
faignes
,
Aphricanus
the
elder
had
forewarned
him
of
.
In
this
age
liued
Lucilius
,
Terence
,
Pacuuius
,
Accius
,
Licinius
,
Caecilius
,
Afranius
.
Caius
Laelius
,
one
most
intimate
with
Aphricanus
,
calls
this
Pacuuius
his
friend
,
but
Terence
his
familiar
consort
.
After
this
,
Fabius
Maximus
Consul
,
in
a
maine
battell
,
ouerthrew
the
[
n
](A09569-e22110-b)
n
Of
Sauoy
.
Allobroges
,
[
o
](A09569-e22140-b)
o
About
the
Riuer
L●ire
.
Aruerni
,
and
[
p
](A09569-e22170-b)
p
About
Rhodes
.
Ruteni
,
people
of
Gallia
.
At
the
same
time
,
Caius
Gracebus
,
Tribune
of
the
soldiers
,
an
eloquent
man
,
and
defender
of
the
Agrarian
law
,
was
slaine
at
Rome
,
his
brother
Tiberius
Gracchus
hauing
twelue
yeers
before
lost
his
life
for
the
like
cause
.
Cicero
giues
both
of
them
commendations
for
their
eloquence
:
and
writes
,
that
Tiberius
his
Orations
were
not
very
beautifully
set
forth
in
words
,
but
were
acute
and
full
of
wisedome
:
and
Caius
his
brothers
,
were
fittest
to
be
perused
by
those
of
the
yonger
sort
,
as
seruing
not
onely
to
whet
on
,
but
also
to
nourish
the
wit
,
and
hee
stiles
him
the
most
wittie
and
most
eloquent
of
all
the
Romans
.
Gracchus
dream't
that
he
heard
his
brother
Tiberius
telling
him
that
hee
should
die
of
the
same
death
wherof
he
did
:
and
as
Cicero
reports
,
he
told
it
to
many
before
hee
was
created
Tribune
of
the
Commons
.
Their
lawes
are
extant
,
about
prouision
of
corne
,
replantation
of
Colonies
,
Quintus
Coecilius
Metellus
:
Caius
Marius
the
Consull
,
who
serued
in
the
warres
with
Publius
Scipio
:
For
Bacchus
King
of
Mauritania
,
Iugurtha's
confederate
,
not
willing
any
longer
to
vndergoe
the
hazard
of
warre
,
deliuered
vp
Iugurtha
bound
,
into
Sylla's
hands
,
who
was
sent
ouer
to
him
for
that
purpose
by
Marius
.
And
at
this
very
time
,
which
was
in
the
sixe
hundred
forty
seuenth
yeere
of
Rome
built
,
was
Marcus
Tullius
Cicero
borne
,
Quintus
Hortensius
.
In
the
time
of
this
Iugurthine
warre
,
the
[
q
](A09569-e22550-b)
q
Danes
.
Cimbrians
and
[
r
](A09569-e22570-b)
r
Germanes
vanquished
by
Caius
Marius
,
3867.
Teutons
,
pierce
some
into
Italie
,
some
into
Gallia
;
where
hauing
very
much
annoied
the
Romans
,
and
in
certaine
battels
,
sometimes
ouercomming
the
Proconsuls
,
sometimes
their
Lieutenants
,
were
at
length
ouerthrowne
and
put
to
the
sword
by
Caius
Marius
,
the
fourth
time
Consull
:
the
Teutons
at
[
s
](A09569-e22660-b)
s
Aix
.
Aquensis
,
and
the
Cimbrians
on
the
marches
of
[
t
](A09569-e22690-b)
t
Lombardie
Insubria
.
To
this
felicitie
succeeded
a
new
tumult
:
for
certaine
people
of
Italie
,
as
the
Samnites
,
Pelignians
,
Marsians
,
Vestinians
,
Marusinians
,
Vmbrians
,
Picentines
,
Lucanians
,
reuolted
from
the
Romans
.
At
diuers
battels
,
at
length
they
were
reduced
to
subiection
.
In
the
necke
of
this
,
followes
another
mischiefe
,
and
a
dangerous
one
to
the
Common-wealth
:
Lucius
Sylla
a
man
of
Noble
parentage
,
others
Caius
Marius
for
their
Generall
.
Publius
Sulpitius
Tribune
of
the
commons
,
aided
Marius
his
partie
,
but
Sylla
hauing
command
ouer
the
armie
,
expelled
Marius
the
Citie
;
who
thus
exiled
,
and
lurking
in
the
marishes
about
Minturnae
,
not
without
very
imminent
danger
of
his
life
,
in
a
little
Barke
,
strucke
ouer
into
Affrica
.
In
Sylla's
absence
,
in
the
warres
of
Asia
,
Lucius
Cornelius
Cinna
,
Consull
,
begunne
to
raise
an
vproare
,
and
practise
new
seditions
:
who
,
after
hee
was
banished
by
his
collegue
,
Cneius
Octauius
,
and
expelled
the
Citie
,
makes
fresh
head
againe
,
and
ioynes
with
Caius
Marius
,
who
vpon
that
occasion
was
returned
from
Affrica
.
Lucius
Cinna
committed
that
famous
orator
Marcus
Antonius
to
the
sword
,
and
Caius
Marius
,
did
the
like
for
Quintus
Catulus
.
Lucius
Sylla
hearing
of
those
hurly-burlies
,
hauing
in
a
manner
recouered
all
that
he
warred
for
,
concluding
a
peace
with
Mithridates
returnes
into
Italy
,
but
Marius
,
seuenth
time
Consull
,
dyed
before
his
arriuall
.
Lucius
Cinna
had
for
his
Collegue
Cneius
Papirius
Carbo
on
their
partie
:
who
although
they
opposed
Sylla
with
might
and
maine
,
were
,
together
with
Marius
his
son
put
to
flight
:
and
Sylla
being
now
sole
Commander
,
pursued
his
aduersaries
very
sharpely
,
hung
out
a
writ
of
proscription
,
sels
the
proscripts
goods
,
and
disinabled
their
children
of
all
priviledge
and
right
of
bearing
honours
in
the
Common-wealth
:
and
then
making
himselfe
Dictator
,
caried
all
matters
according
to
his
owne
will
,
and
enfringed
the
Tribunes
authority
:
and
when
he
sould
the
Citizens
goods
,
declared
in
the
publike
assemblies
,
that
he
sold
nothing
but
his
owne
prey
.
Briefly
,
it
came
to
that
passe
,
that
no
man
without
his
consent
,
could
hold
either
goods
,
country
or
life
:
and
with
such
bitter
hatred
was
he
incenst
against
Caius
Marius
,
that
he
caused
the
reliques
of
his
body
to
bee
scattered
and
strewed
vp
and
downe
the
riuer
[
u
](A09569-e23220-b)
u
Teueron
.
Anio
:
and
hee
himselfe
was
the
first
of
any
Nobleman
of
the
house
of
the
Cornelioes
,
that
desired
to
be
burnt
by
fire
:
it
may
be
fearing
lest
the
same
accident
shold
befall
his
owne
dead
bodie
.
Cicero
relates
that
Marius
was
strong
and
valiant
,
and
constant
in
his
wrath
:
but
hee
taxes
Sylla
of
vehemency
,
and
Lucius
Cinna
of
cruelty
.
Hee
further
stiles
Marius
the
terror
of
his
Enemies
,
and
the
hope
and
helpe
of
his
Country
.
Lucius
Sylla
made
foure
new
lawes
,
against
forgery
,
parricide
,
murther
and
iniuries
.
In
the
time
of
his
Dictatorship
,
Marcus
Cicero
aged
26
yeeres
,
came
into
the
Court
,
and
pleaded
Sextus
Rossius
his
cause
in
publicke
.
Before
him
,
these
Orators
were
most
famous
,
Quintus
Catulus
,
Caius
Iulius
,
Marcus
Antonius
,
Lucius
Crassus
.
In
which
age
,
saith
Cicero
,
the
Latine
tongue
was
growne
to
full
perfection
in
a
manner
.
This
age
indeede
,
wherein
Cicero
liued
,
did
most
of
all
excell
in
learning
.
For
to
let
passe
so
many
and
so
worthy
Orators
,
there
were
famous
Lawiers
,
and
amongst
the
rest
Caius
Aquilius
Gallus
,
Lucius
Lucilius
Balbus
,
Caius
Iuventius
Sextus
Papirius
,
who
were
Quintus
Mutius
Scaeuola
the
[
*
](A09569-e23380-b)
*
Chiefe
Priest
about
the
sacrifices
.
Pontifies
Auditors
,
to
whom
Cicero
also
in
his
youth
,
was
a
retainer
.
Publius
Seruius
Sulpitius
was
well
neere
Ciceroes
equall
,
hee
was
Auditor
of
the
aboue
named
men
:
and
Aulus
Ossilius
,
Publius
Alphenus
Varus
,
Caius
Titus
Decius
,
the
two
Aufidioes
,
Caius
Atteius
Pacuvius
,
Flauius
Priscus
,
Cinna
,
and
Publius
Caecilius
were
his
schollers
.
At
the
same
time
,
with
Sulpitius
,
flourisht
Caius
Trebatius
whose
scholler
Antisteus
Labeo
was
.
Cicero
extolling
the
deceased
Sulpitius
in
most
ample
words
,
saith
,
That
if
all
who
euer
in
any
age
professed
the
law
in
this
Citie
,
were
gathered
together
into
one
place
,
they
were
not
to
bee
compared
with
Seruius
Sulpitius
;
for
he
was
experienct
in
point
of
aequity
,
as
well
as
strict
law
.
Amongst
those
who
were
proscribed
Quintus
Sertorius
was
one
,
a
man
renown'd
both
for
his
couragious
valour
and
experience
in
military
affaires
.
He
begun
a
most
fierce
warre
in
the
further
parts
of
Spaine
,
Cneius
Pompeius
:
when
after
many
battels
,
with
diuersity
of
fortune
on
both
sides
,
at
length
Sertorius
was
treacherously
slaine
;
and
afterwards
Pompey
,
being
almost
the
tenth
yeare
after
the
beginning
of
the
warre
,
recouered
Spaine
.
About
this
time
Nichomedes
King
of
Bythinia
,
departing
this
life
,
made
the
Romanes
his
heires
:
But
Mithridates
King
of
Pontus
,
who
formerly
in
that
faction
betwixt
Marius
and
Sylla
had
strucke
a
league
with
Sertorius
,
seizing
vpon
Bythinia
,
with
maine
forces
renewes
the
war
.
Against
him
Lucius
Lucullus
was
sent
with
an
Army
,
who
when
hee
was
Confull
,
had
good
successe
in
his
battells
of
horsemen
;
and
afterwards
being
Proconful
,
defeating
his
forces
,
and
recouering
Bythinia
,
caused
him
to
retire
into
Pontus
:
and
there
to
Mithridates
receiuing
an
ouerthrow
in
a
maine
battell
,
fled
to
Tigranes
King
of
Armenia
:
yet
Lucullus
still
following
and
pursuing
him
,
in
some
few
battailes
defeated
both
their
forces
:
but
the
mutinous
dissentions
among
the
souldiers
,
by
some
craftily
rais'd
,
hindered
him
from
fully
finishing
the
warre
,
and
bringing
home
the
wisht
successe
and
honour
of
his
victory
.
For
within
a
while
after
Lucullus
being
called
home
,
Cneius
Pompey
was
made
Captaine
Generall
in
that
warre
:
to
which
seruice
Marcus
Cicero
also
was
a
motioner
,
hauing
made
a
very
elegant
Oration
to
the
people
in
Pompeyes
commendation
.
Lucullus
thus
recalled
,
held
his
triumph
neuerthelesse
,
and
bestowed
a
very
sumptuous
banquet
vpon
the
Romans
:
soone
after
this
,
leauing
his
Offices
in
the
Common
wealth
,
hee
liued
at
home
privately
studiing
Philosophie
,
and
erected
a
most
copiously
furnisht
Library
.
In
his
ordinary
table
,
he
was
(
as
at
all
times
els
)
very
sumptuous
and
magnificent
.
Cicero
makes
mention
of
this
Library
,
and
sayes
,
that
he
was
wont
to
come
thither
to
cull
forth
bookes
:
Pompey
put
Mithridates
to
flight
,
and
pursu'd
him
very
farre
.
He
caus'd
King
Tigranes
to
yeeld
himselfe
ouer
into
his
hands
,
and
seeing
him
abased
and
forlorne
in
his
campe
,
aduanced
him
,
as
Cicero
writes
,
and
placing
the
[
*
](A09569-e23890-b)
*
Insigne
regium
.
Diadem
vpon
his
head
again
which
he
had
taken
from
him
,
vnder
certaine
cautions
commanded
him
to
raigne
againe
.
At
length
Mithridates
being
besieged
by
his
owne
sonne
Pharnaces
,
slew
himselfe
.
That
warre
which
Pompey
made
against
the
Pyrates
(
which
was
before
hee
went
against
Mithridates
)
wonne
him
much
authority
.
This
warre
thus
appeased
,
presently
another
ciuill
broile
is
broached
:
for
Lucius
Catilina
with
many
more
,
conspired
the
ruine
of
the
Common
wealth
,
but
by
Ciceroes
singular
industry
,
(
who
was
then
Consull
)
his
villany
was
discouered
,
he
expelled
the
City
,
and
hauing
gathered
together
certaine
bands
and
troopes
of
abiect
fellowes
in
Hetruria
,
was
in
battell
by
Caius
Antonius
Consul
Ciceroes
Collegue
ouerthrowne
and
slaine
.
Cicero
euery
where
amongst
his
workes
,
speakes
much
of
the
seruice
which
he
then
performed
for
the
Common
wealth
,
and
makes
relation
not
onely
of
the
firebrands
then
seene
in
the
night
time
,
the
flaming
of
the
elements
,
lightnings
and
earthquakes
:
but
also
applies
those
wondrous
prodigies
,
which
hapned
when
Lucius
Cotta
and
Torquatus
were
Consulls
,
(
being
two
yeares
before
his
Consulship
)
to
this
time
:
when
many
Turrets
in
the
Capitoll
were
strucke
downe
,
the
Images
of
the
gods
ouerthrowne
,
the
statues
of
the
ancient
Heroes
beat
down
,
the
brazen
tables
of
the
Law
melted
,
as
also
the
statue
of
Romes
builder
,
Romulus
in
forme
of
an
Infant
,
gaping
and
sucking
at
the
teats
of
a
wolfe
,
was
smitten
.
Cicero
describing
Catilines
nature
and
qualities
,
saies
,
that
there
neuer
was
such
another
Monster
as
hee
vpon
the
face
of
the
Earth
,
composed
of
such
contrary
different
and
mutually
antipathizing
appetites
and
dispositions
of
nature
.
In
the
time
of
Ciceroes
Consulship
was
Caius
Octauius
borne
,
Caius
Octauius
borne
.
3906.
and
Iudaea
made
Tributary
to
the
Romanes
,
after
Cnelius
Pompey
had
surprized
the
City
of
Ierusalem
.
The
fift
yeare
following
,
Lucius
Piso
and
Aulus
Gabinius
Consuls
,
the
[
x
](A09569-e24190-b)
x
Now
called
Switzers
.
Heluetians
changed
their
habitation
,
and
leuying
maine
forces
intended
to
passe
thorow
the
Prouince
of
Gallia
into
the
further
parts
thereof
,
and
there
to
seat
themselues
in
regard
of
the
fertility
of
the
soile
.
But
Caius
Iulius
Caesar
who
was
sixe
yeares
younger
then
Cicero
hauing
notice
hereof
preparing
an
Armie
(
the
Senate
hauing
authoriz'd
him
ouer
that
Prouince
)
marcht
thither
and
in
pitcht
battell
vanquished
the
Enemy
,
and
afterwards
going
out
against
Arionistus
King
of
the
Germanes
,
who
had
annoyed
the
Country
of
Gallia
[
y
](A09569-e24280-b)
y
That
part
of
France
betwixt
the
Riuer
of
Seine
&
Garonne
.
Celtica
,
but
more
especially
the
[
z
](A09569-e24330-b)
z
Now
Walloons
.
Heduies
confederates
with
the
Romanes
,
ouerthrew
him
at
Besanson
,
a
Towne
of
the
[
a
](A09569-e24380-b)
a
burgundians
inhabiting
about
the
riuer
Seine
.
Sequans
,
not
farre
from
the
Rhyne
.
Soone
after
he
brought
the
whole
Countrey
of
Gallia
in
subiection
to
the
Romanes
,
and
forthwith
striking
ouer
the
sea
into
Brittaine
,
conquered
it
.
Cicero
reports
that
Caesar
writ
to
him
out
of
Brittaine
on
the
first
day
of
September
,
and
the
Letters
came
to
his
hands
the
eight
&
twentieth
day
of
the
same
moneth
.
When
Caesar
went
into
Gallia
,
Cicero
being
molested
by
Publius
Clodius
Tribune
of
the
Commons
departed
into
exile
,
first
making
an
oration
to
the
Gentry
and
Commons
,
wherin
he
commended
his
children
and
family
to
their
care
:
and
within
a
few
moneths
after
being
called
backe
by
the
Senate
,
(
with
exceeding
great
congratulation
of
the
prople
)
made
another
Oration
to
the
Romanes
,
wherein
he
rendered
thanks
to
his
friends
.
Afterwards
,
hee
laid
the
blame
on
Lucius
Piso
,
and
Aulus
Gabinius
Consuls
,
for
his
banishment
,
and
shewed
that
by
them
hee
was
betrayed
,
declaiming
certaine
Orations
against
each
of
them
,
in
one
whereof
,
hee
counsail'd
the
Senate
to
take
from
them
the
Prouinces
of
Syria
and
Macedonia
,
and
not
to
call
backe
Caius
Caesar
,
hauing
most
happy
successe
in
his
wares
in
Gallia
,
but
to
continue
his
authority
,
whereby
he
might
fully
finish
the
warre
.
Meane
while
Ptolomie
Auletes
King
of
Aegypt
(
for
his
slothfulnesse
and
cruelty
thrust
out
of
his
kingdome
)
came
to
Rome
,
and
the
Senate
,
at
Cneius
Pompeyes
entreaty
,
restor'd
him
by
Aulus
Gabinius
,
expelling
Archelaus
whom
the
people
had
ordained
to
be
their
king
.
At
length
Gabinus
was
adiudged
to
pay
into
the
common
treasury
10000
Talents
,
or
as
some
of
our
times
suppose
6000000.
Marcus
Crassus
,
(
who
had
in
charge
the
managing
of
the
Parthian
warre
)
hauing
past
ouer
the
Riuer
of
Euphrates
,
was
ouerthrowne
,
and
soone
after
slaine
at
an
enterview
vpon
Truce
.
This
was
he
,
who
was
wont
to
say
,
that
no
man
was
rich
,
except
hee
could
maintaine
an
[
a
](A09569-e24720-b)
a
An
Army
consisted
of
2400
foot
,
and
20000
horse
.
Army
at
his
owne
charge
.
About
this
time
was
Publius
Clodius
slaine
by
Titus
Anaio
Milo
;
Cicero
defended
Milo
(
Cneius
Pompey
being
then
the
third
time
and
alone
Consull
)
yet
at
length
he
was
commanded
to
go
into
exile
.
The
warres
with
the
Galles
being
ended
,
which
was
about
the
eight
yeare
thereof
,
that
ciuill
warre
of
Caius
Caesars
,
[
b
](A09569-e24880-b)
b
Now
Romandi●la
.
o●
hersome
by
dedition
.
Vpon
notice
hereof
,
Pompey
and
the
two
Consulls
Caius
Marcellus
,
and
Lucius
Lentulus
flye
from
Rome
to
Brundusium
,
a
Sea
coast
Towne
in
[
c
](A09569-e24950-b)
c
Puell
.
Apulia
:
thither
marcht
Caesar
,
but
before
his
arriuall
,
the
Consuls
had
struck
ouer
the
Seas
to
Durachium
:
[
d
](A09569-e24990-b)
d
Durace
in
Macedonia
.
and
not
long
after
Pompey
followes
them
.
Now
Caesar
being
preuented
by
time
,
not
hauing
a
Nauie
in
readinesse
could
not
pursue
them
,
but
returnes
to
Rome
,
where
calling
together
the
Senate
,
he
makes
complaint
of
his
iniuries
,
and
also
propounded
certaine
conditions
of
peace
:
but
being
sleighted
off
by
the
Senate
,
he
marches
to
[
e
](A09569-e25050-b)
e
Marsiles
in
France
.
Massilia
,
where
the
gates
were
shut
against
him
:
hereupon
rigging
his
Nauie
,
he
besieges
it
both
by
sea
and
land
,
and
there
leauing
his
Deputies
,
sets
forward
into
Spaine
,
where
at
length
hee
compels
Petreius
and
Africanius
two
of
Pompeyes
Captaines
,
together
with
the
whole
Armie
,
to
yeeld
.
Then
he
returns
to
Massilia
,
which
City
despairing
of
all
ayde
,
presently
yeelds
to
his
power
:
and
after
he
was
made
Dictator
in
his
absence
by
Marcus
Lepidus
the
Praetor
,
repaires
to
Rome
,
calls
an
assemblie
,
and
is
created
Consull
together
with
Publius
Seruilius
Isauricus
:
soone
after
hauing
setled
the
affaires
of
the
City
,
hee
strikes
ouer
into
Greece
,
and
at
length
ouerthrew
Pompey
in
Thessaly
in
a
maine
battell
,
Caesars
.
Pompey
thus
put
to
flight
,
arriues
in
Egypt
,
Ptolomy
Dionysius
,
Ptolomy
Auletes
son
,
being
then
King
thereof
:
which
Auletes
,
(
when
he
was
expelled
his
Kingdome
)
Pompey
had
restored
by
Aulus
Gabinius
,
as
aforesaid
.
In
regard
of
which
benefit
,
hee
expected
aid
and
protection
from
that
Countrey
:
but
the
King
being
a
child
,
his
Nobles
(
either
despising
Pompeyes
fortune
,
or
else
fearing
some
troubles
)
treacherously
kill
him
.
The
King
of
Aegypt
was
then
in
warres
with
his
sister
Cleopatra
.
Hereupon
Caesar
being
at
Alexandria
,
would
haue
their
controuersies
rather
decided
by
course
of
law
before
himselfe
,
then
by
ciuill
warres
amongst
themselues
:
because
hee
was
Consull
of
Rome
,
and
some
yeares
before
there
was
a
confederacy
agreed
vpon
with
Ptolomy
the
Kings
father
by
decree
and
consent
of
the
Senate
.
But
the
States
tooke
this
most
hainously
complaining
that
their
Kings
Royall
Maiesty
was
ecclipsed
,
in
calling
him
to
sit
in
iudgement
vpon
their
controuersies
.
Thus
incensed
in
minde
they
prepare
to
make
warre
against
Caesar
,
but
he
after
much
danger
getting
the
vpper
hand
,
did
not
reduce
it
into
the
forme
of
a
Prouince
:
but
tollerated
Cleopatra
,
and
her
yonger
brother
(
the
King
being
slaine
)
to
hold
the
Kingdome
.
From
thence
marching
into
Syria
,
and
afterwards
into
Pontus
,
hee
put
to
flight
King
Pharnaces
,
Mithridates
his
sonne
,
and
setled
peace
in
Cappadocia
,
Armenia
,
Gallo-Greece
,
Pontus
,
and
Bythinia
.
Forthwith
returning
into
I
talie
,
and
so
to
Rome
about
the
middle
of
Winter
,
at
the
Winter
[
*
](A09569-e25520-b)
*
Solstitium
.
Sun-sted
,
he
strikes
ouer
from
[
f
](A09569-e25530-b)
f
A
towne
and
promontory
in
Sicilie
.
Lilybeum
,
into
Africa
,
though
warned
by
a
chiefe
Soothsayer
,
not
to
take
his
voyage
before
the
end
of
Winter
.
Scipio
and
Cato
,
Marcus
Portius
Catoes
Nephewes
sonnes
were
fled
thither
from
the
battell
at
[
g
](A09569-e25590-b)
g
Where
Pompey
was
ouer●hrowne
.
Pharsalia
,
and
hauing
gathered
together
a
great
Army
,
drew
King
[
h
](A09569-e25620-b)
h
King
of
●●a●●it●nia
Iuba
,
into
confederacy
with
them
.
Cesar
marching
thither
,
ouerthrew
and
destroied
them
all
;
but
Cato
,
(
lest
hee
should
fall
into
his
hands
)
killed
himselfe
at
[
i
](A09569-e25670-b)
i
Now
called
Biserta
in
Barbarie
.
Vtica
;
which
fact
Cicero
defends
and
saith
,
that
it
was
better
for
him
(
whom
nature
had
indued
with
incredible
grauitie
)
so
to
doe
,
then
to
behold
the
face
of
a
Tyrant
.
This
Cato
was
of
the
sect
of
the
Stoickes
,
and
would
oftentimes
maintaine
strange
opinions
in
the
Senate
,
as
though
he
were
versed
in
Platoes
politickes
,
as
Cicero
saith
,
and
not
in
the
refuse
off-spring
of
Romulus
.
Afterward
Cesar
repaires
to
Rome
,
and
hauing
triumphed
ouer
Gallia
,
Egypt
,
Pontus
,
and
Affrica
,
set
forward
to
Spaine
,
where
he
warred
against
,
and
subdued
Sextus
Pompeius
.
Thus
hauing
vanquished
all
his
aduersaries
,
and
setled
a
peace
in
many
Nations
farre
and
wide
:
in
the
fift
yeere
after
the
beginning
of
his
ciuill
warres
,
Caius
Cesar
,
An.
3925.
being
300.
yeeres
and
odde
after
Alexander
the
Great
.
he
returns
to
Rome
,
where
after
hee
had
triumphed
ouer
Hispaine
,
hee
assumed
the
offred
title
and
authoritie
of
perpetuall
Dictator
,
and
swaied
the
Senate
according
to
his
owne
will
:
hee
,
in
a
manner
hauing
the
sole
bestowing
of
all
honours
,
and
publike
offices
,
conferring
them
vpon
whom
he
pleased
,
thereby
incurring
many
mens
ill-will
.
And
now
the
state
of
the
Common-wealth
being
altered
,
and
the
supreame
gouernment
thereof
reduced
to
one
mans
principalitie
,
those
conspiracies
then
in
brewing
against
him
,
were
at
length
,
broached
:
For
,
in
the
fift
moneth
after
his
returne
to
Rome
,
Caius
Cesar
slaine
.
hee
was
slaine
in
Pompeys
[
*
](A09569-e25920-b)
*
Curia
.
Court-house
,
on
the
Ides
of
March
,
and
by
those
very
men
,
whom
by
his
late
shewed
kindnesse
,
hee
had
obliged
to
him
,
as
also
pardoned
them
for
seruing
against
him
in
the
Pompeian
warre
.
Those
were
Marcus
,
and
Decius
Brutus
,
Caius
Cassius
,
Cneius
,
Domitius
,
Caius
Trebonius
,
Quintus
Tullius
Cimber
,
two
of
the
Sernilioes
,
Casea
,
Hala
,
and
many
more
.
Marcus
Antonius
the
Consull
,
Cesars
Collegue
,
indicted
Cicero
also
before
the
Senate
,
as
guilty
of
the
murther
:
for
that
Marcus
Brutus
presently
after
Cesar
was
slain
,
(
holding
vp
his
dagger
on
high
)
shouted
aloud
,
and
nominated
him
,
congratulating
him
for
recouerie
of
their
libertie
.
Many
report
that
Caius
Cesar
spake
to
Marcus
Brutus
in
Greeke
,
as
hee
rushed
vpon
him
,
and
called
him
sonne
,
how
they
take
it
,
I
know
not
;
but
it
is
euident
out
of
Cicero
,
that
Brutus
was
fifteene
yeers
yonger
then
he
.
Caius
Cesar
made
diuers
lawes
,
some
whereof
when
he
was
Consull
,
and
other
some
when
he
was
Dictator
,
which
after
his
name
were
called
the
Iulian
lawes
:
as
,
about
distribution
of
lands
,
concerning
violence
,
Maiestie
,
extortion
,
Priest-ships
,
vsurie
.
Others
lawes
there
were
,
which
goe
vnder
his
name
,
but
were
made
by
Octauius
.
All
commend
him
for
his
clemency
,
and
Cicero
giues
him
praise
for
his
wit
,
quicknesse
,
reason
,
memorie
,
learning
,
prouidence
,
diligence
:
but
hee
stormed
grieuously
at
his
authoritie
,
yet
secretly
and
in
an
Epistle
to
Atticus
,
Thou
shalt
perceiue
,
saith
he
,
that
this
kingdome
can
scarce
hold
halfe
a
yeere
together
.
But
in
al
those
proceedings
,
Cicero
carried
himselfe
very
wauering
and
inconstantly
:
for
during
the
warre
,
he
followed
Pompeyes
partie
,
and
his
camp
,
although
hee
reprehended
his
discouragement
of
minde
and
cowardise
,
and
in
his
Epistles
to
his
friends
,
hee
cals
Cesar
a
war-waging
Tyrant
and
monster
.
But
after
Pompey
was
put
to
flight
,
and
slaine
,
and
Cesar
had
pardoned
many
of
his
aduersaries
,
he
changes
his
stile
,
and
in
three
set
Orations
extolled
him
with
praises
to
the
very
heauens
.
Further
,
when
Cesar
heard
that
there
was
treason
plotted
against
him
,
and
would
often
say
,
that
hee
had
liued
long
enough
;
he
beseeches
and
requests
him
to
reiect
that
opinion
:
for
although
hee
was
full
fraught
with
glory
,
and
in
that
regard
,
for
himselfe
,
had
liued
long
enough
,
yet
hee
had
not
liued
long
enough
for
the
Common-wealth
,
which
could
not
be
without
his
aid
and
protection
:
as
concerning
any
danger
,
he
need
not
trouble
himselfe
.
For
all
of
vs
,
saith
he
,
doe
not
onely
promise
to
watch
about
and
guard
Thee
,
but
also
to
interpose
our
owne
sides
and
bodies
.
But
for
all
this
,
after
Cesars
death
,
hee
reioyced
wonderfully
,
and
boasted
,
that
they
who
had
slaine
him
,
had
obtained
that
glory
,
which
could
scarce
bee
contained
within
the
heauens
.
This
therefore
is
the
fourth
and
last
Monarchy
:
in
which
place
we
must
note
,
how
this
citie
which
was
built
by
Shepheards
:
from
most
slender
beginnings
,
by
little
and
little
increased
to
the
height
of
potencie
,
and
grew
to
bee
Empresse
of
the
whole
world
.
Now
hereafter
,
I
will
briefly
,
as
farre
as
I
may
,
declare
,
after
what
manner
it
fell
off
by
degrees
from
this
most
high
estate
,
vnto
ruine
.
The
end
of
the
first
Booke
.
IOHN
SLEID
AN
of
the
foure
chiefe
Monarchies
.
OR
,
The
key
of
History
.
The
second
Booke
.
CEsar
being
slain
,
Octauius
Cesar
begun
his
raigue
,
Anno
mundi
,
3925.
and
raigned
An.
57.
his
sisters
sonne
Caius
Octauius
(
hauing
drawn
about
the
militarie
bands
to
his
partie
)
persecuted
the
murtherers
most
bitterly
.
And
at
first
,
seemed
to
take
armes
in
defence
of
the
Common-wealth
against
Marcus
Antonius
:
but
afterward
diuding
the
Empire
with
him
,
and
Marcus
Ledipus
ordained
a
[
i
](A09569-e26360-b)
i
Gouernment
by
three
.
Cicero
put
to
death
,
An.
3926.
Triumuirat
,
in
which
Marcus
Cicero
was
by
Marcus
Antonius
(
whom
he
had
very
vehemently
opposed
)
put
to
death
,
being
sixty
three
yeers
of
age
,
which
was
eight
yeeres
after
Quintus
Hortensius
his
death
,
who
was
so
many
yeers
elder
then
hee
,
as
abouesaid
.
Cicero
directly
ouershot
himselfe
in
his
owne
policies
:
for
when
Marcus
Antonius
molested
the
Common-wealth
,
after
Caius
Cesars
death
,
he
with
exceeding
great
praises
commended
to
the
Senate
,
Caius
Octauius
,
Cesars
kinsman
,
a
yong
Gentleman
of
twenty
yeeres
of
age
,
and
begunne
to
vrge
to
haue
him
created
Consull
,
without
any
regard
had
to
his
age
,
producing
examples
of
ancient
times
,
how
it
might
be
done
,
and
refuting
such
obiections
as
might
seeme
dangerous
:
professing
to
be
bound
to
the
Senate
vpon
his
honour
,
that
he
should
alwaies
couernue
such
a
Common-wealths
man
,
as
he
then
was
,
and
such
an
one
,
as
they
ought
chiefly
,
to
wish
and
desire
him
to
be
:
but
afterwards
,
forsaken
by
him
,
hee
fell
into
Marcus
Antonius
his
hands
.
Marcus
Brutus
reprehends
him
sharpely
for
such
his
flatterie
.
Then
as
it
is
common
,
certaine
grudges
arising
in
emulation
of
the
Empire
,
when
as
Marens
Lepidus
for
conspiracie
against
Octauius
,
was
formerly
remoued
out
of
the
Triumuirat
,
and
banished
:
Octauius
made
warre
against
Antonius
his
other
Collegue
:
and
after
his
victorie
at
[
k
](A09569-e26530-b)
k
A
town
in
Epirus
.
Actium
,
ouerthrew
both
him
and
Cleopatra
beforementioned
,
at
Alexandria
,
forcing
them
both
to
kill
themselues
,
and
made
Egypt
a
Romane
Prouince
.
Authors
report
,
that
in
Ptolomie
,
Auletes
raigne
the
yeerely
reuenues
of
Egypt
,
came
to
12500.
talents
,
which
summe
the
learned
of
our
times
reckon
to
7500000.
crownes
:
but
when
it
came
in
subiection
to
the
Romans
,
they
iudged
it
to
be
farre
more
rich
,
in
regard
of
the
traffique
with
India
and
Aethiopia
.
Antonius
thus
ouerthrowne
and
cut
off
,
Octauius
alone
gouerned
the
Common-wealth
forty
foure
yeeres
,
and
in
29.
yeere
of
his
Empire
,
and
of
the
world
,
3954.
An.
mundi
,
3954.
as
most
account
,
was
our
Sauiour
IESVS
CHRIST
borne
.
Herod
,
sirnamed
the
Great
,
hauing
seuen
yeeres
before
,
most
sumptuously
re-edified
the
demolished
Temple
of
Ierusalem
.
Marcus
Antonius
was
married
to
Caius
Octauius
his
sister
,
but
afterward
(
being
intangled
with
Cleopatra's
loue
)
forsooke
his
wife
,
and
married
her
,
which
partly
was
cause
of
the
warre
.
Both
of
them
were
exceeding
riotous
,
and
Authors
relate
almost
incredible
stories
of
their
banquets
,
delights
,
and
pleasures
:
but
such
as
I
before
set
downe
,
was
the
vp-shot
and
end
of
their
liues
:
This
Marcus
Antonius
,
was
that
most
famous
Oratour
before-mentioned
,
Marcus
Antonius
his
Nephew
.
In
Caius
Octauius
his
raign
,
the
Romans
had
their
first
war
in
Germanie
,
within
their
own
territories
.
Caius
Iulius
Cesar
indeed
ouerthrew
the
Germanes
twice
,
but
it
was
in
Gallia
,
to
wit
,
Ariouistus
in
the
Country
of
the
Celts
,
and
afterwards
at
the
meeting
together
of
the
Riuer
Maze
,
and
the
Rhyne
.
After
this
victorie
,
he
built
a
bridge
,
and
past
ouer
the
Rhyne
,
but
resting
there
a
few
daies
,
brought
backe
his
Armie
into
Gallia
,
and
broke
downe
the
bridge
.
Two
yeers
after
,
he
passed
again
ouer
the
Rhyne
on
his
second
bridge
,
a
little
aboue
that
place
where
hee
formerly
had
led
ouer
his
Armie
,
and
then
fully
intended
to
haue
gone
against
the
[
l
](A09569-e26910-b)
l
Now
of
Pomerania
in
Germanie
.
Sueuians
,
but
being
certified
by
his
Scouts
of
all
affaires
,
and
fearing
much
difficultie
and
scarcitie
of
prouision
,
returnes
into
Gallia
,
breakes
downe
some
part
of
the
bridge
,
and
in
the
other
part
,
built
a
Tower
and
a
Castle
,
and
fortified
it
with
Cittadels
,
that
hee
might
not
altogether
free
his
enemies
from
the
feare
of
his
returne
.
And
this
was
all
that
Cesar
did
against
the
Germans
,
as
he
himself
writes
.
But
Octauius
by
the
two
brothers
,
Tiberius
and
Drusus
,
made
warre
against
the
[
m
](A09569-e27010-b)
m
Germanes
bordering
on
the
Alpes
.
Rhaetians
and
[
n
](A09569-e27040-b)
n
Vandals
.
Vindelicians
,
and
with
[
o
](A09569-e27060-b)
o
People
about
Colen
.
Vbian
forces
,
(
who
were
confederates
with
the
Romanes
)
Quintilius
Varus
being
their
Captaine
Generall
,
inuaded
that
part
of
Germanie
,
now
called
Westphalia
:
howbeit
Arminius
Chiefe-taine
of
the
[
p
](A09569-e27140-b)
p
Germanes
neere
the
riuer
Elbe
.
Cheruscans
,
almost
vtterly
ouerthrew
him
,
betwixt
the
Riuer
[
q
](A09569-e27180-b)
q
Ems.
Amasia
,
and
[
r
](A09569-e27200-b)
r
Necchar
.
Horat.
lib.
1
Ode
24.
Lupia
.
Horaee
in
a
most
elegant
Ode
,
comforts
Virgil
,
lamenting
his
death
.
Drusus
died
in
Germanie
,
leauing
behinde
him
two
sonnes
,
Germanicus
a
most
worthy
soldier
,
and
Claudius
.
Horace
in
another
most
elegant
Ode
,
as
wee
said
before
,
Horat.
lib.
4
Ode
4.
extols
him
,
and
deriues
his
pedegree
from
Caius
Claudius
Nero
,
who
when
hee
was
the
second
time
Consull
,
together
with
Marcus
Liuius
Saelinator
,
slew
Asdrubal
,
Annibals
brother
,
at
the
Riuer
of
Metanrum
,
as
he
was
bringing
ouer
a
supply
of
forces
.
[
s
](A09569-e27360-b)
s
Octauius
so
stiled
,
in
honour
,
as
much
as
Soueraign
at
this
day
.
Augustus
also
subdued
the
[
t
](A09569-e27390-b)
t
Of
Biscay
in
Spaine
.
Cantabrians
,
[
u
](A09569-e27430-b)
u
Of
Aquitane
in
Gallia
.
Aquitanians
,
[
*
](A09569-e27470-b)
*
Hungars
.
Pannonians
,
[
x
](A09569-e27490-b)
x
Inhabiting
Wendenland
in
some
parts
.
Dalmatians
,
[
y
](A09569-e27520-b)
y
Of
Sclauonia
also
or
Wendenlond
.
Illyrians
,
[
z
](A09569-e27560-b)
z
Inhabiting
neere
Lombardie
.
Salassians
,
and
inhabitants
of
the
Alpes
.
It
is
reported
,
that
he
often
intended
,
to
lay
off
the
weightie
charge
of
the
Empire
:
but
againe
considering
with
himselfe
that
it
would
be
rashly
committed
to
many
mens
authority
,
changes
his
minde
.
In
the
thirty
third
yeere
of
his
raigne
,
deceased
Herod
the
Great
:
whom
hee
,
and
Marcus
Antonius
in
the
third
yeere
of
their
Triumuirate
,
had
made
King
of
Iudaea
:
and
in
the
eight
yeere
after
his
death
,
his
sonne
and
successor
Archelaus
was
banished
to
Vienna
a
Towne
in
Gallia
.
It
is
written
,
that
Octauius
maintained
forty
foure
legions
of
soldiers
in
protection
of
the
Prouinces
of
the
Empire
.
In
Egypt
,
there
were
three
,
as
many
in
Hispaine
,
and
eight
in
Germanie
.
The
yeerly
expence
(
as
many
in
their
computation
reckon
)
amounts
to
2100000.
crownes
,
so
as
they
may
distribute
amongst
euery
legion
,
272000.
crownes
yeerely
.
A
legion
as
they
hold
,
consists
of
6000.
footmen
,
and
500.
horsemen
.
Octauius
is
very
much
commended
for
his
loue
and
liberalitie
towards
men
renowned
for
their
learning
.
The
most
famous
Poets
which
then
flourished
,
were
Varius
,
Virgil
,
Plotius
,
Valgius
,
Fusous
,
the
two
Viscoes
,
Pollio
,
Messala
,
the
Bibulies
,
Seruius
,
Furnius
,
and
Horace
,
who
desired
that
his
workes
might
haue
approbation
from
them
,
not
regarding
other
mens
censures
of
them
.
But
the
most
famous
wits
of
Reme
,
flourisht
in
a
certaine
continuall
order
from
Marcus
Portius
Cato
,
and
Aphricanus
the
elder
,
vntill
this
time
.
For
this
age
wherein
Augustus
liued
,
was
in
a
manner
the
last
that
retained
that
genuine
sense
,
and
pure
vigour
of
the
Latine
tongue
;
for
afterwards
by
little
and
little
,
it
grew
more
and
more
corrupt
,
till
it
degenerated
into
meere
barbarisme
,
which
continued
euen
till
within
our
memorie
.
The
Poets
borne
at
[
a
](A09569-e27800-b)
a
Citie
of
Betica
in
Spaine
.
Corduba
,
vsed
as
Tully
saith
,
a
kinde
of
grosse
and
vncouth
garbe
:
but
what
thinke
wee
,
would
hee
haue
iudged
of
them
,
who
liued
after
him
aboue
a
hundred
yeeres
,
not
onely
those
who
were
borne
and
brought
vp
at
Corduba
,
but
those
of
Rome
also
.
Now
Tiberius
Augustus
his
wiues
sonne
,
Tiberius
An.
Dom.
16.
an.
23.
m.
●
d.
26.
as
also
his
sonne
in
law
,
and
by
adoption
,
did
(
but
vtterly
against
his
will
,
at
leastwise
hee
pretended
so
,
being
with
much
adoe
at
last
perswaded
to
it
by
the
Senates
entreaty
)
take
vpon
him
the
Empire
,
and
at
his
first
entrance
,
vndertooke
nothing
of
himselfe
alone
,
but
communicated
with
the
Senate
in
all
matters
of
importance
:
notwithstanding
within
a
little
while
after
quite
neglecting
the
affaires
of
the
common-wealth
wholly
gaue
ouer
himselfe
to
his
pleasures
.
In
his
raigne
the
Parthians
bereft
him
of
A●menia
,
and
the
Dacians
and
Sarmatians
of
Moesia
,
the
Germanes
forraged
Gallia
:
but
all
those
losses
nothing
at
all
mooued
him
.
Many
writers
,
(
and
those
,
men
of
great
esteeme
in
point
of
Diuinity
)
record
that
in
the
fifteenth
yeare
of
his
raign
our
Sauiour
IESVS
CHRIST
was
crucified
,
An.
etatis
34.
Luk.
cap.
3.
but
Saint
Luke
writes
,
that
in
that
same
yeare
he
was
baptiz'd
by
Iohn
Baptist
.
At
that
time
flourisht
those
Lawiers
,
Marcus
Coccius
Nerna
,
the
father
and
sonne
,
and
Cassius
Longinus
.
Tiberius
Nero
who
serued
in
the
warre
at
Alexandria
with
Caius
Caesar
,
was
this
Tiberius
his
Father
.
To
him
Caius
Caesar
Caligula
succeeded
,
Caius
Caligula
,
An.
●om.
38.
an.
3.
m.
8.
d.
8.
the
most
wicked
sonne
and
direct
monster
of
Germanicus
his
most
worthie
father
.
It
s
recorded
that
Tiberius
in
those
twentie
three
yeares
which
he
raigned
,
had
gathered
together
an
infinite
Masse
of
gold
:
which
Caligula
out
of
hand
in
the
very
first
yeare
consumed
.
About
the
second
yeare
of
his
raigne
Herod
Antipa
,
Herod
the
Great
his
Sonne
,
he
who
beheaded
Iohn
the
Baptist
,
was
sent
in
banishment
to
[
b
](A09569-e28230-b)
b
Lyons
in
France
.
Lugdunum
:
to
whom
Herod
Agrippa
succeeded
,
who
beheaded
Iames
the
Apostle
.
After
Caligula
was
slaine
,
Claudius
his
vncle
was
broght
in
.
Claudius
Nero
,
Iulius
Vindex
Gouernour
of
that
prouince
:
as
afterwards
Spaine
,
Sergius
Galba
being
their
Leader
.
And
whilst
he
was
casting
about
how
to
recouer
those
losses
,
Vitellius
m.
8.
and
making
ready
his
iourney
into
Gallia
,
the
rest
of
his
forces
which
lay
dispersed
in
other
prouinces
,
rebelled
.
Histories
relate
what
a
loathsome
and
outragious
Monster
he
was
:
and
thereupon
being
condemned
by
the
Senate
,
as
an
enemy
to
the
Common-wealth
,
by
the
helpe
of
one
of
his
seruants
,
he
killed
himselfe
.
Besides
Seneca
these
Poets
then
florished
,
Lucan
,
Persius
,
and
Silius
Italicus
:
the
last
whereof
was
Confull
in
the
last
yeare
of
Neroes
raigne
.
From
that
time
the
State
of
the
Common
wealth
was
brought
to
that
passe
,
that
the
Creation
of
the
Emperours
lay
within
the
power
of
the
Armies
and
legions
of
the
Romanes
.
After
this
manner
was
Vespatian
made
Emperour
.
Masia
,
Pannonia
,
Iudaea
,
and
Syria
reuolted
from
Aul●s
Vitellius
,
and
swore
fealtie
to
Vespasian
.
Hee
subdued
Achaia
,
Lycia
,
Rhodes
,
Byzantium
,
Samos
,
Thracia
,
Cilicia
,
and
Comagena
,
making
them
Roman
Prouinces
,
and
vtterly
subuerted
Ierusalem
,
Flauius
Domitian
,
made
warre
against
the
[
d
](A09569-e28910-b)
d
Now
of
the
Lantzgraue
of
Hessens
Countrey
.
Nerua
96
,
an.
1.
m.
1.
Trajane
97
an.
19.
m.
6.
d.
15.
Chatties
,
Dacians
,
and
Sarmatians
,
and
triumphed
ouer
them
.
Then
liued
those
Poets
,
Statius
,
Iuuenal
,
and
Martial
.
Vlpius
Trajane
(
adopted
by
Cocceus
Nerua
,
and
afterwards
made
Emperour
)
subdued
the
Dacians
,
twice
rebelling
,
bringing
them
in
subiection
to
the
Romans
,
and
planting
Colonies
there
,
marching
with
an
Army
against
Armenia
,
and
the
Parthians
,
vpon
dedition
and
fauour
brought
them
into
his
partie
,
thereupon
gaining
his
sirname
of
Parthicus
,
but
almost
all
those
Countries
by
him
subdued
at
length
rebelled
,
especially
the
Armenians
and
Mesopotamians
,
and
the
Parthians
reiected
the
King
whom
hee
had
assigned
them
,
as
soon
as
his
backe
was
turned
homewards
towards
Italy
.
Aelius
Adrianus
subdued
I●daea
then
rebelling
:
Iupiter
Olympius
:
which
fact
the
Iewes
tooke
most
hainously
.
Hee
likewise
visited
the
Gallia's
,
Germany
,
Brittaine
,
and
the
Hispaines
,
as
afterwards
Mauritania
,
the
Parthians
,
Asia
and
Greece
:
&
returning
home
through
Sicilie
,
from
thence
went
againe
into
Africa
:
and
after
his
returne
to
Rome
,
sets
forward
againe
into
Greece
,
and
from
thence
passed
into
Arabia
,
and
afterward
to
Egypt
.
Assembling
the
Senate
,
Antoninus
Pius
,
151.
an.
22.
m.
7.
d.
26.
hee
commended
to
them
Antoninus
Pius
,
who
being
made
Emperor
after
him
,
maintain'd
peace
,
endeauoring
to
obtaine
all
mens
good
will
,
and
by
his
letters
and
courteous
demeanure
,
kept
forreine
Kings
and
people
within
their
obedience
.
In
his
time
flourisht
those
Lawiers
,
Alburnius
Valens
,
Tuscianus
,
Vindius
,
Verus
,
Vlpius
,
Marcellus
,
Arrianus
,
Tertullianus
,
Saluius
,
Iulianus
,
Lucius
Volusius
,
Metianus
.
To
Antonius
Pius
his
sonne
Marcus
Antoninus
surnamed
the
Philosopher
,
succeeded
:
[
c
](A09569-e29500-b)
c
Carien
calls
him
his
brotuer
kinsman
Lucius
Aurelius
Verus
to
be
his
Associate
in
the
Empire
.
By
him
hee
had
happy
successe
in
his
warres
in
Parthia
,
hee
himselfe
looking
to
the
affaires
of
the
Common-wealth
at
home
,
and
in
the
City
:
but
soone
after
Verus
dying
he
raigned
alone
,
and
ouercame
in
his
warre
against
the
Germaues
,
ouerthrowing
also
the
[
f
](A09569-e29560-b)
f
Now
Morauians
.
Marcomannes
.
Sarmatians
,
Vandalls
,
and
[
g
](A09569-e29590-b)
g
Inhabitants
in
and
about
Silesia
.
Quadies
,
who
had
inuaded
the
[
h
](A09569-e29620-b)
h
Vpper
&
lower
Hungaria
.
Pannonia's
.
For
at
this
time
almost
all
the
nations
from
Illyricum
to
Gallia
,
had
conspired
against
the
name
of
the
Romanes
.
Commodus
Antoninus
the
most
lewd
sonne
of
this
most
laudable
Prince
,
Commodus
Anteninus
79.
an.
12.
m.
8.
d.
15.
by
his
Leiutenants
ouerthrew
the
[
i
](A09569-e29750-b)
i
Of
Mauritania
or
Morisco
in
Barbary
.
Pertinax
.
m.
3.
Didius
Iulianus
m.
7.
Septimius
Seuerus
192.
ca.
17.
m.
8.
●
.
5.
Moores
and
Dacians
,
quieted
the
Pannoniaes
,
Germanie
and
Britanie
,
which
Countries
cast
off
their
subiection
:
He
himselfe
in
the
meane
while
,
wallowing
in
all
manner
of
filthinesse
and
crueltie
.
Septimius
Seuerus
had
ciu●ll
warres
with
Niger
and
Albinus
who
procured
Asia
and
Gallia
to
make
a
reuolt
:
he
had
good
successe
in
his
warres
against
the
Parthians
,
vanqu●shed
the
Iewes
throughout
Syria
,
subdued
Abagatus
King
of
the
Persians
,
and
compelled
the
Arabians
to
come
to
composition
.
He
fortified
Brittanie
,
with
a
wall
crosse
ouertwart
the
Iland
,
reaching
to
the
Ocean
on
both
sides
:
and
hauing
subdued
those
people
that
annoyed
the
Country
dyed
at
Yorke
.
His
son
Antoninus
Bassianus
Caracalla
,
[
*
](A09569-e30120-b)
*
Prafectum
praetorij
,
Gouernor
of
the
pretorian
Cohort
.
Captaine
of
the
Guard
,
to
bee
put
to
death
,
for
refusing
to
defend
his
[
k
](A09569-e30140-b)
k
For
Caracalla
slew
his
brother
Geta.
fratricide
.
In
his
time
flourisht
many
Lawyers
,
and
most
of
them
Pupinianus
his
Auditors
,
as
Tarruntius
,
Paternus
Macer
,
Papirius
Fronto
,
Anthius
,
Maximus
,
Hermogenianus
,
Africanus
,
Florentinus
,
Triphoninus
,
Iushts
,
Callistratus
,
Venuleius
Celsus
.
After
Caracalla
was
slaine
,
Macrinus
succeeded
,
Heliogabulus
Bassianus
his
son
,
Alexander
Senerus
221.
an.
13.
m.
0.
d.
9.
concluded
a
peace
.
Alexander
Seuerus
a
stout
souldier
,
successor
to
Heliogabulus
that
most
brutish
of
men
:
ouerthrew
Artaxerxes
King
of
the
Persians
in
maine
battle
:
and
recouered
Mesopotamia
,
which
was
lost
by
Heliogabulus
.
Hee
made
warre
by
his
Lieutenants
in
Mauritania
,
Illyricum
,
and
Armenia
,
and
had
good
successe
:
but
afterwards
in
his
expedition
against
the
Germanes
,
who
had
forraged
the
Countrey
of
Gallia
,
was
murthered
by
certaine
of
his
owne
souldiers
.
Vlpianus
the
Lawyer
,
Pupinianus
his
scholler
was
very
intimate
with
him
,
and
in
his
time
liued
Paulus
Pomponius
,
and
Modestinus
.
To
this
Alexander
Maximinus
succeeded
:
Moores
,
Osdronians
,
and
Parthians
,
who
had
serued
vnder
Alexander
.
He
burnt
the
Dorps
in
Germany
farre
and
wide
,
put
very
many
of
his
enemies
to
the
sword
,
and
tooke
many
more
prisoners
,
returning
with
a
wealthy
Army
:
Germany
being
at
peace
he
marches
to
Syrmium
,
and
was
purposed
to
haue
made
warre
against
the
Sarmatians
,
not
onely
so
,
but
his
further
intent
was
,
to
haue
brought
all
those
Countries
which
lye
northward
euen
to
the
Ocean
,
in
subiection
to
the
Roman
Empire
:
but
his
souldiers
not
enduring
his
cruelty
,
Pupienus
,
Balbinus
236.
an.
1.
some
moneths
.
and
to
Pupienus
was
committed
the
charge
of
the
warre
against
Maximinus
,
who
,
together
with
his
sonne
,
was
at
the
siege
of
[
l
](A09569-e30820-b)
l
A
Citie
in
Italie
.
Aquileia
slaine
by
his
owne
soldiers
as
hee
lay
asleepe
in
his
Tent.
After
this
,
Pupienus
and
Balbinus
being
both
slaine
in
a
mutinie
amongst
the
soldiers
in
the
second
yeere
of
their
raigne
,
the
gouernement
of
the
Empire
was
committed
to
Gordianus
a
yong
Gentleman
.
[
m
](A09569-e31080-b)
m
He
was
slaine
by
his
owne
soldiers
at
Verona
.
Decius
,
248.
An.
2.
like
end
:
Decius
succeeded
him
,
who
being
created
Emperour
by
the
Legions
of
Illyricum
,
and
afterwards
by
consent
of
the
Senate
;
first
of
all
appeased
the
troubles
in
Gallia
.
Afterwards
commending
the
care
of
the
Common-wealth
to
the
Senate
,
Hee
,
together
with
his
sonne
,
whom
hee
had
made
his
Collegue
in
the
Empire
,
sets
forwards
,
(
hauing
the
Senates
consent
thereunto
)
on
his
expedition
against
the
Scythians
,
who
both
by
sea
and
land
forraged
the
country
of
Thracia
and
other
dominions
of
the
Empire
:
from
whence
(
after
some
battels
,
hauing
got
the
vpper-hand
,
and
drawne
the
enemie
into
a
narrow
straight
place
)
he
had
returned
with
complete
victorie
,
had
not
Gallus
Hostilianus
Gouernour
of
the
furthest
parts
of
Moesia
,
reuealed
his
counsell
to
the
enemie
;
whereupon
it
came
to
passe
,
vpon
ioyning
battell
,
that
both
hee
and
his
sonne
(
by
trecherie
circumuented
)
were
slaine
.
After
this
,
Dardania
,
Thrace
,
Thessalie
,
Macedonia
,
not
resting
there
,
but
Asia
also
●ouerthrowing
and
subuerting
very
many
Cities
.
At
length
,
many
other
Countries
,
after
the
example
of
the
Scythians
,
turned
enemies
to
the
Romans
,
and
many
rebelled
.
The
Parthians
broke
into
Syria
,
and
seized
vpon
Armenia
,
putting
their
King
Tyridates
to
flight
.
And
such
was
the
insolencie
of
the
Seythians
,
that
they
threatned
Italie
also
,
and
were
likely
to
haue
done
much
mischiefe
,
had
not
Aemilianus
Gouernour
of
Moesia
vpon
the
coast
of
Sarmatia
,
encouraging
his
soldiers
with
faire
promises
,
and
hope
of
rewards
,
giuen
them
an
ouerthrow
,
and
pursuing
them
very
farre
,
In
this
age
flourished
Cyprian
Bishop
of
Carthage
,
certaine
of
whose
Epistles
to
Lucius
Bishop
of
Rome
,
whom
hee
calls
his
brother
and
collegue
,
are
amongst
diuers
others
,
yet
extant
:
and
many
more
of
his
to
Cornelius
,
where
amongst
other
matters
,
hee
complaines
of
those
,
who
being
for
their
offences
condemned
by
the
Bishops
of
Affrica
,
and
degraded
from
their
Priesthood
,
had
appealed
to
Rome
:
for
it
is
fit
saith
hee
,
that
where
the
crime
is
committed
,
there
the
cause
should
bee
discussed
.
Sithence
euery
Pastor
hath
a
certaine
portion
of
a
flocke
committed
to
his
charge
,
whereof
he
must
render
an
account
to
the
Lord
:
therefore
the
concord
of
Bishops
is
not
to
bee
abrogated
,
In
the
meane
space
,
another
armie
,
lying
in
the
Alpes
,
creates
Valerianus
Emperour
,
a
man
of
Noble
parentage
,
which
when
it
came
to
the
cares
of
Aemilians
soldiers
,
they
,
to
shake
off
all
danger
from
themselues
,
kill
their
owne
Emperour
,
and
flie
to
Valerianus
his
partie
.
This
Aemilianus
,
when
hee
was
made
Emperour
,
sent
his
letters
to
the
Senate
,
wherein
hee
promised
to
deliuer
Thracia
and
Mesopotamia
from
the
enemy
,
to
recouer
Armenia
,
and
on
euery
side
to
repel
the
enemies
of
the
Roman
State
.
Valerianus
making
warre
against
the
Persians
,
was
by
fault
of
one
of
his
Captaines
,
taken
prisoner
,
by
Sapor
King
of
Persia
,
whom
the
neighbouring
Princes
,
and
confederate
Nations
,
counselled
(
but
all
in
vaine
)
to
haue
dismissed
.
For
it
was
the
destinie
of
the
Romans
to
grow
more
valiant
in
resistance
,
after
they
were
conquered
.
Valerianus
thus
taken
prisoner
,
Gallia
,
Spaine
,
the
Pannonia's
,
Illyricum
,
Egypt
,
Affrica
,
and
the
rest
:
but
partly
by
him
,
partly
by
ciuill
dissentions
amongst
themselues
,
all
those
were
ouerthrown
.
In
his
raigne
,
the
Gothes
seize
vpon
Thracia
,
forrage
Macedonia
,
and
besiege
Thessalonica
:
the
Scythians
inuade
Bythinia
,
Cappadocia
,
and
Asia
,
and
striking
through
the
[
n
](A09569-e31860-b)
n
Which
parteth
Europe
and
Asia
.
Euxine
sea
into
[
o
](A09569-e31900-b)
o
A
Riuer
in
Jllyricum
,
which
begins
in
Germany
,
and
is
there
called
Danubius
or
Danow
.
Isther
,
offer
hostilitie
against
the
free-borroughs
of
the
Romans
,
but
so
excessiue
was
his
rechlesnesse
,
then
when
these
newes
of
the
Prouinces
reuolt
,
and
publike
calamitie
came
to
his
eares
,
his
reply
was
in
derision
and
scorne
:
as
though
all
this
could
not
hinder
the
subsistance
of
the
Common-wealth
,
or
the
preseruation
of
the
dignitie
thereof
,
or
the
state
thereof
bee
any
whit
impaired
thereby
.
Thus
by
this
dishonourable
course
of
life
,
growne
into
contempt
,
as
well
at
home
as
abroad
,
hee
got
himselfe
many
enemies
in
the
Common-wealth
,
the
Scythians
and
Gothes
mixt
together
with
other
Nations
,
being
about
320000.
strong
,
were
then
vp
in
armes
,
and
had
conspired
the
destruction
of
the
Romans
:
Flauius
Claudius
167.
An.
1.
m.
9.
Aurelianus
269.
An.
6.
but
Flauius
Claudius
(
who
succeeded
after
Gallienus
was
slaine
,
)
with
much
adoe
vanquished
all
those
in
Moesia
and
other
places
.
Hee
was
a
man
of
great
prowesse
,
and
worthie
of
a
longer
life
.
After
Claudius
,
followed
Aurelianus
,
because
his
worth
was
eminent
,
hauing
made
euident
proofe
thereof
in
Claudius
his
raigne
,
against
the
enemie
in
many
places
.
He
made
warres
in
Insubria
,
and
with
the
Marcomannes
:
at
the
beginning
indeed
with
much
hazard
and
ieopardie
,
but
at
length
,
(
after
the
Sibylla's
bookes
,
by
his
command
,
were
perused
,
and
the
Senate
had
purged
Religion
)
with
happy
successe
.
After
his
returne
from
thence
to
Rome
,
(
where
hee
inflicted
a
penaltie
vpon
those
,
who
in
his
absence
had
raised
an
insurrection
;
)
he
made
warre
for
recouerie
of
those
Prouinces
which
lay
eastward
,
and
in
Syria
,
which
Zenobia
held
,
(
a
puissant
and
magnanimous
Queene
,
and
her
owne
childrens
Tutrix
)
being
left
to
her
by
her
husband
Odeuatus
,
who
in
Gallienus
his
time
,
behaued
himselfe
very
couragiously
and
stoutly
in
those
parts
.
Wheresoeuer
this
Emperour
set
his
foot
,
there
he
ouerthrew
the
enemies
of
the
Romans
,
as
in
Illyricum
,
Thracia
,
and
the
rest
:
and
at
length
arriuing
in
the
[
p
](A09569-e32240-b)
p
Syria
.
enemies
country
,
after
no
lesse
doubtfull
then
dangerous
battell
,
ouerthrew
and
tooke
the
[
q
](A09569-e32250-b)
q
Zenobia
.
Queen
;
who
,
relying
vpon
the
Armenian
and
Persian
auxiliars
,
most
valiantly
resisted
him
.
The
chiefe
Citie
in
that
Country
,
(
which
he
subdued
,
)
was
Palmyra
:
the
Citizens
whereof
,
vpon
the
Emperours
returne
out
of
Asia
into
Europe
,
rebelled
,
killing
their
Gouernour
,
and
maintaining
a
Garrison
for
their
defence
.
But
the
Emperour
making
another
expedition
thither
,
demolished
the
conquered
Citie
,
put
all
to
the
sword
,
not
sparing
any
age
or
sexe
.
After
this
,
he
recouered
Egypt
,
which
then
had
reuolted
,
and
of
a
new
reduced
the
Gallia's
into
the
Roman
subiection
.
Then
hee
triumphed
at
Rome
,
and
from
thence
marching
through
Illyricum
,
proclaimed
warre
against
the
Persians
:
but
in
his
iourney
,
was
slaine
by
his
owne
familiar
friends
.
After
his
death
,
there
was
a
[
*
](A09569-e32370-b)
*
Jnterregnum
.
vacancie
for
a
[
r
](A09569-e32380-b)
r
For
sixe
moneths
.
Tacitus
275
m.
6.
space
,
which
had
neuer
happened
before
since
Romulus
his
decease
.
At
length
,
Tacitus
succeeded
,
who
,
continuing
Emperour
but
a
few
moneths
,
atchieued
no
memorable
exploit
;
him
the
Senate
requested
,
that
he
would
not
ordain
his
children
his
successors
after
him
in
the
Empire
,
Florianus
,
m.
2.
Probus
276
an.
6.
m.
4.
but
some
man
of
approued
worth
and
integritie
:
which
was
,
Probus
,
who
being
confirmed
,
as
well
by
the
Legions
as
the
Senate
,
recouered
Gallia
,
and
in
diuers
battels
ouerthrew
the
[
s
](A09569-e32500-b)
s
Inhabiting
Franconia
,
now
called
Frankenlandt
.
French
,
a
people
of
Germanie
,
who
had
gotten
possession
thereof
.
He
vanquished
the
Sarmatians
,
and
other
Nations
in
Illyricum
;
and
coasting
through
Thracia
,
with
the
very
terrour
of
the
name
of
the
Romans
,
and
the
greatnesse
of
his
noble
exploits
,
obliged
the
barbarous
people
to
his
subiection
:
In
Asia
hee
setled
a
peace
,
and
the
fame
onely
of
his
name
,
made
the
Parthian
King
sue
for
peace
.
Hee
concluded
a
peace
with
the
Persians
,
and
from
thence
returned
into
Thracia
,
and
transplanted
those
forraigne
nations
whom
he
had
subdued
into
the
Roman
territories
;
some
whereof
,
continued
in
subiection
,
but
others
contrariwise
,
notwithstanding
afterwards
hee
vanquished
all
or
the
greatest
part
of
them
:
and
hauing
composed
the
rebellions
in
Gallia
,
Hispaine
,
and
Britaine
,
in
his
iourney
through
Illyricum
,
towards
his
intended
warre
against
the
Persians
,
was
trecherously
slaine
,
by
his
owne
soldiers
.
At
this
time
the
Common-wealth
flourished
,
peace
being
setled
in
all
nations
on
euery
side
farre
and
neere
;
in
so
much
as
Probus
would
sometimes
say
,
that
the
world
would
come
to
that
passe
shortly
,
that
there
would
be
no
need
of
Legions
and
garrisons
:
but
the
souldiers
offended
at
this
his
speech
,
thought
it
best
to
cut
him
off
.
After
him
,
followed
Carus
:
Gallia's
.
Numerianus
was
slaine
by
his
[
t
](A09569-e32840-b)
t
Arius
Aper
.
Diocletian
,
284.
an.
20.
wiues
father
,
and
in
his
place
,
came
Diocletian
:
with
whom
Carinus
had
diuers
conflicts
about
obtaining
the
Empire
,
but
was
ouerthrowne
and
slaine
.
Diocletian
in
regard
of
the
troubles
and
seditions
in
many
places
kindling
,
tooke
to
him
for
his
Collegue
,
Maximianus
.
He
quieted
the
country
of
Gallia
then
in
commotion
,
as
also
Affrica
;
and
Diocletian
Egypt
putting
the
Authors
of
these
broiles
to
death
.
He
recouered
Britaina
also
in
the
tenth
yeer
after
the
reuolt
:
and
to
the
end
that
the
state
of
the
Common-wealth
might
be
more
firme
,
and
to
auoid
new
commotions
about
succession
,
hee
adopted
Galerius
,
and
Maximianus
,
Constantius
Chlorius
.
Galerius
being
sent
by
Diocletian
,
against
Narses
King
of
the
Parthians
,
had
ill
fortune
in
that
warre
,
losing
the
major
part
of
his
armie
:
but
afterwards
commanded
to
renew
the
warre
,
he
ouerthrew
the
enemie
in
maine
battell
,
and
marching
on
further
in
those
places
,
then
any
other
Emperour
,
except
Trajan
,
tooke
Ctesiphon
,
subdued
all
Assyria
,
and
recouered
the
fiue
Prouinces
,
lying
beyond
the
riuer
[
u
](A09569-e33030-b)
u
Running
through
Armenia
.
Tigris
,
which
had
reuolted
in
Trajan
the
Emperours
time
.
Diocletian
hauing
setled
the
affaires
of
Asia
,
returned
into
Europe
,
where
the
Scythians
,
Sarmatians
,
[
*
](A09569-e33120-b)
*
Almaines
,
lying
betwixt
the
Alpes
and
Ments
,
as
Carion
supposes
.
Alans
,
[
x
](A09569-e33180-b)
x
People
of
Sarmatia
.
Bastarnans
,
[
y
](A09569-e33210-b)
y
●welling
about
the
Riuer
Carpis
in
Scythia
.
Constantius
Galerius
,
304.
an.
2
m
3.
an.
7.
m.
5.
Carpies
,
Chatties
,
and
Quadies
,
were
then
all
in
peace
.
Afterwards
both
hee
,
as
also
Maximianus
resigning
their
Soueraigntie
,
inuest
their
Collegues
before
mentioned
,
with
the
title
of
Emperours
:
Constantius
of
the
Gallia's
,
Britaine
,
the
Hispaines
,
Italie
,
and
Affrica
;
and
Galerius
,
of
Illyricum
,
Greece
,
and
Asia
:
Marcellus
was
then
Bishop
of
Rome
,
whose
decree
is
extant
,
prohibiting
Bishops
from
calling
a
Synode
,
without
the
authority
of
the
Sea
of
Rome
,
as
also
to
condemne
any
Bishop
who
should
appeale
to
Rome
.
But
Maxentius
the
Emperour
persecuting
him
,
his
estate
as
others
before
him
,
was
both
meane
and
miserable
.
Whereupon
it
may
easily
bee
coniectured
,
whether
or
no
,
he
(
in
those
perplexities
and
lurking
corners
)
could
take
so
much
vpon
him
,
as
to
establish
such
manner
of
decrees
.
At
length
Constantius
dying
at
Yorke
,
Galerius
adopted
Severus
and
Maximianus
.
In
the
meane
space
,
the
Preterian
souldiers
at
Rome
,
elect
Maxentius
their
Emperour
.
After
Seuerus
was
slaine
,
Maximianus
made
choice
of
Licinius
for
his
Collegue
in
the
Empire
.
Among
those
arose
great
troubles
:
whereupon
the
Nobles
of
Rome
call
home
Constantine
,
Constantius
his
sonne
,
then
imploied
in
the
Gallia's
,
to
rescue
their
Citie
from
the
tyranny
of
Maxentius
.
[
z
](A09569-e33670-b)
z
Acts
7.
Stephen
,
[
a
](A09569-e33690-b)
a
Acts
11.
Iames
the
brother
of
Iohn
,
[
b
](A09569-e33720-b)
b
Acts
9.
Peters
imprisonment
and
inlargement
by
the
Angel
;
passing
ouer
in
silence
Paul
likewise
,
who
grieuously
persecuted
the
Church
of
God
,
but
after
his
conuersion
,
escaped
no
kinde
of
punishment
for
Christs
cause
:
the
Roman
Emperours
also
,
as
Nero
,
Domitian
,
Trajan
,
Septimius
Seuerus
,
Decius
,
Valerian
,
Aurelian
,
Diocletian
,
and
Maximian
,
committed
most
horrible
and
outragious
masfacres
.
But
Constantine
comming
to
the
Empire
,
and
imbracing
the
true
Religion
,
affoorded
harbour
and
refuge
to
the
Christians
.
Then
first
of
all
beganne
the
Bishops
of
Rome
to
liue
in
safe●ie
;
for
till
then
,
almost
all
of
them
,
(
who
from
Peter
,
whom
they
will
haue
to
be
their
first
,
are
reckoned
to
thirty
three
)
were
tormented
with
persecutions
.
Their
decrees
are
inserted
in
the
bookes
of
the
Councels
,
but
the
greatest
part
of
them
are
so
sleight
,
triuiall
,
&
quite
different
from
the
sacred
Scriptures
,
as
makes
it
credible
that
they
were
a
long
time
after
forged
by
some
others
.
But
if
they
bee
true
,
and
proceeded
from
them
,
then
indeed
that
which
Paul
by
prophesie
foretold
,
To
Alexander
the
next
after
him
,
is
that
decree
attributed
,
where
he
commands
,
that
the
water
should
be
consecrated
with
salt
,
to
purge
the
people
,
and
to
auoid
the
snares
of
the
Deuill
.
But
iudge
I
pray
you
how
far
those
differ
from
that
Maiestie
of
the
Apostles
,
how
farre
from
the
writings
of
S.
[
c
](A09569-e33880-b)
c
S.
Ierom
writes
that
he
dyed
in
the
68
yere
after
the
passion
.
Suidas
says
that
he
liued
120
yeares
.
Iohn
the
Euangelist
who
almost
liued
till
this
very
time
.
I
haue
onely
set
downe
these
two
decrees
,
that
by
them
wee
may
iudge
of
the
rest
,
for
they
are
almost
of
the
same
molde
,
and
cary
open
colour
of
ambition
,
and
not
onely
the
speech
wants
the
grace
,
but
also
the
matter
it selfe
hath
no
salt
in
it
,
And
to
this
place
also
appertaines
,
that
decree
of
Constantine
the
Emperor
,
which
they
haue
inserted
into
their
books
,
for
the
foundation
and
bulwarke
of
their
power
.
For
the
cause
and
occasion
of
his
excessiue
[
d
](A09569-e33970-b)
d
In
conferring
(
as
they
imagine
)
the
City
of
Rome
the
Empire
of
the
West
&c.
vpon
he
Popes
.
liberality
,
which
is
there
set
downe
,
may
out
of
history
,
be
disproued
and
conuicted
of
falshood
.
Further
,
bee
it
granted
that
the
Emperor
was
thus
most
exceedingly
profuse
;
perhaps
for
himselfe
onely
,
hee
might
herein
abate
of
his
own
right
,
but
could
not
doe
it
,
for
his
successors
,
authorized
with
coequal
power
,
and
Protectors
of
the
Common-wealth
.
For
hee
who
damnifies
the
freedome
and
liberties
of
his
Empire
,
ought
not
to
haue
the
title
of
Father
of
his
Countrey
,
nor
can
he
ordaine
another
to
share
with
him
in
equality
of
authority
or
preiudice
the
same
.
By
Constantine
the
Emperors
appointment
,
Egypt
,
Lybia
and
Pontapolis
;
the
ancient
custome
should
be
maintained
,
that
is
,
all
the
Bishops
there
,
should
remaine
vnder
superiority
of
the
Bishop
of
Alexandria
,
notwithstanding
the
vsurpation
and
withholding
therof
by
the
Bishop
of
Rome
:
as
also
that
the
Church
of
Antioch
and
other
Prouinces
and
Churches
should
each
one
entirely
retaine
their
peculiar
priuiledges
.
After
this
Councell
,
certaine
Iewd
opinions
were
vented
,
(
one
Eustathius
being
Author
)
about
shunning
of
mariage
,
[
e
](A09569-e34170-b)
e
In
monasticall
manner
,
and
some
women
artired
in
mens
habite
.
about
a
new
and
vnusuall
kind
of
habit
,
about
forbearance
to
eate
flesh
,
and
forsaking
propriety
of
possessions
.
And
hereupon
(
many
husbands
procuring
a
diuorce
,
and
seruants
leauing
their
masters
,
betaking
themselues
to
this
new
and
religious
habite
,
as
they
call
it
;
women
likewise
taking
the
same
course
,
forsaking
their
husbands
:
and
those
who
fed
vpon
flesh
,
as
also
the
Ministers
of
the
Church
that
were
maried
being
publikely
contemned
,
as
persons
impure
and
vnacceptable
to
God
;
)
a
Counsell
was
assembled
at
Gangra
a
town
in
Paphlagonia
,
wherein
those
were
condemned
,
who
either
taught
or
held
that
opinion
.
Constantine
(
for
reestablishing
a
peace
in
the
Common-wealth
)
being
with
most
generall
acclamation
,
consumed
both
by
the
Senate
and
people
of
Rome
,
turned
himselfe
wholy
to
forraine
warres
,
and
after
many
battels
ouerthrew
the
G●thes
and
Sarmatians
,
then
forraging
the
Countrey
of
Thracia
;
afterwards
being
strucken
in
yeares
,
he
proclaimed
warre
against
the
Persians
,
who
wasted
the
Country
of
Mesopotamia
:
and
in
Asia
,
where
he
was
arriued
with
his
Army
,
(
after
receipt
of
a
medicine
for
recouery
of
his
health
)
breathed
his
last
,
not
without
suspition
of
poison
.
This
is
he
by
surname
,
stiled
the
Great
:
who
named
Byzantium
a
City
of
Thrace
after
his
owne
[
f
](A09569-e34310-b)
f
His
desire
was
to
haue
it
called
New
Rome
,
but
vse
preuailed
and
altered
it
to
Constantinople
.
name
,
and
thither
translated
the
Imperiall
Seat
.
He
began
his
[
g
](A09569-e34340-b)
g
At
Rome
,
but
hee
raigned
6.
yeares
before
in
Brittaine
and
elsewhere
.
raigne
about
the
three
hundred
and
twelfth
yeare
after
the
birth
of
Christ
.
It
is
written
that
Comets
of
wonderfull
greatnesse
,
were
seene
before
his
death
.
Hee
left
three
sonnes
,
Constantine
,
Constantius
,
and
Constans
,
amongst
those
was
the
body
of
the
Empire
diuided
,
to
Constantine
part
of
the
Alpes
,
Gallia
,
Hispaine
,
Brittaine
[
h
](A09569-e34410-b)
h
The
Iland
of
Orkney
lying
neer
and
belonging
to
Scotland
.
the
Orcades
,
Ireland
,
and
[
i
](A09569-e34450-b)
i
Now
called
Island
lying
beyond
Scotland
,
as
some
say
,
others
Hitland
.
Constantine
,
337.
An.
3.
Constantius
337.
An.
24
Conslaus
337.
An.
1●
Thyle
,
were
allotted
:
to
Constans
,
Italy
,
Africa
,
with
the
Islands
,
Illyricum
,
Macedonia
,
Achaia
,
Peloponnesus
,
and
Greece
:
to
Constantius
,
Asia
,
and
Thrace
.
Constantine
not
satisfied
with
this
diuision
made
warre
vpon
his
brother
Constans
,
and
at
Aquileia
(
whither
he
was
then
come
)
ioyning
battell
with
Constans
his
forces
:
lost
both
his
Army
and
his
life
.
Constans
who
in
the
meane
time
,
was
vp
in
Armes
against
the
[
k
](A09569-e34660-b)
k
The
same
who
were
afterwards
called
Gothes
.
Carion
.
Getes
and
Sarmatians
in
Dacia
,
returnes
into
Italie
,
and
hauing
gotten
the
Alpes
,
inuaded
Gallia
,
and
in
two
yeares
space
won
all
his
deceased
brothers
dominions
:
but
was
slaine
within
a
while
after
by
the
treachery
and
crafty
dealing
of
Magnentius
.
Him
,
the
souldiers
(
before
hand
allured
and
inueigled
with
rewards
)
elected
Emperour
.
Constantius
the
onely
suruiuing
brother
of
the
three
,
vpon
notice
hereof
,
(
deputing
Gallus
his
vncles
sonne
,
and
sisters
husband
,
his
Vice-gerent
ouer
Asia
)
marches
with
a
strong
Army
into
Italy
,
and
so
into
Gallia
,
where
in
maine
battell
he
ouerthrew
the
Enemy
.
But
Magnentius
escaping
,
sends
his
Ambassadors
to
sue
for
peace
.
Whose
suit
the
Conqueror
rejecting
,
he
on
a
fresh
wages
battell
again
,
but
with
ill
successe
:
thereupon
flying
to
Lyons
,
where
perceiuing
his
owne
friends
to
conspire
his
destruction
,
and
not
hauing
any
corner
where
to
hide
himselfe
,
became
his
owne
executioner
.
Afterwards
Constantius
commanded
Gallus
his
Cosin
germane
,
and
Vicegerent
for
Asia
as
abouesaid
,
(
who
abused
his
authority
and
power
)
to
bee
put
to
death
,
when
he
could
not
otherwise
remedy
it
.
After
this
he
returnes
into
Asia
,
with
intent
to
prosecute
the
warre
in
Persia
,
which
,
by
reason
of
Magnentius
his
faction
aboue-mentioned
,
he
had
broken
off
.
And
in
regard
the
Germanes
about
this
time
,
making
an
inroad
into
Gallia
,
forraged
the
Countrey
there
,
hee
adopted
his
other
Cosin
germane
Iulianus
,
Gallus
his
brother
,
and
to
him
committed
the
protection
of
Gallia
.
Iulianus
,
(
hauing
had
prosperous
successe
in
his
designes
,
and
in
many
battels
gotten
the
vpper
hand
)
beat
backe
the
Enemy
beyond
the
Rhyne
,
tooke
many
prisoners
,
and
rescued
many
Roman
souldiers
out
of
prison
,
and
at
[
l
](A09569-e34930-b)
l
Strasburg
in
Germany
Argentine
almost
quite
cut
off
the
Enemies
whole
Army
.
Hereupon
the
souldiers
proclaime
him
not
onely
Caesar
,
but
also
Augustus
,
and
set
a
Diadem
vpon
his
head
,
but
against
his
will
as
hee
pretended
.
For
in
his
letters
to
Constantius
he
indeauoured
to
remoue
the
envie
of
the
fact
from
himselfe
.
But
Constantius
hereat
greiuously
offended
,
ceasing
his
warre
in
Persia
,
and
liberally
and
kindly
entreating
the
neighbouring
nations
,
that
they
might
continue
their
allegiance
,
sets
forward
on
his
iourney
to
reduce
Iulianus
to
his
duty
;
but
on
the
way
whilst
hee
was
yet
in
Asia
,
being
taken
with
a
feuer
,
ended
his
life
,
first
ordaining
Iulianus
his
successor
.
During
Iulianus
his
raigne
the
enemies
contained
themselues
within
their
owne
bounds
not
raising
any
commotion
in
any
place
.
[
*
](A09569-e35290-b)
*
Tandem
.
at
the
second
hand
,
by
the
paines
and
ministery
of
the
Apostles
.
Wherefore
in
case
he
should
proceed
,
and
make
new
decrees
,
they
would
not
obey
them
,
neither
haue
communion
with
him
,
but
would
take
such
a
course
as
the
matter
it selfe
should
require
.
And
in
another
Councell
in
the
same
City
(
of
greater
concourse
then
the
former
)
amongst
other
decrees
,
They
limit
the
office
of
a
Bishop
,
as
also
of
a
Metropolitane
,
about
discussing
matters
of
more
weighty
importance
.
For
they
decreed
,
that
in
case
the
Bishops
concurre
not
,
the
Metropalitane
of
the
next
adioyning
prouince
,
shall
delegate
certaine
Iudges
to
determine
the
cause
.
But
if
any
Bishop
bee
condemned
for
an
offence
by
common
decree
of
the
rest
of
the
Bishops
,
they
ordaine
that
their
sentence
shall
stand
firme
,
and
not
bee
repealed
by
another
.
They
further
establish
that
the
Bishop
,
shall
faithfully
dispence
the
[
*
](A09569-e35300-b)
*
Bona
sacra
.
goods
of
the
Church
,
and
distribute
them
to
the
vse
of
the
poore
,
and
that
hee
himselfe
if
need
require
,
may
take
from
thence
as
much
as
shall
bee
necessary
for
naturall
sustentation
.
For
St.
Paul
saith
,
We
ought
to
bee
content
with
food
and
●raiment
.
Which
goods
if
the
Bishop
say
they
,
shall
perchance
conuert
into
his
owne
or
his
friends
priuate
commodity
,
or
commit
the
administration
thereof
to
his
kindred
,
he
is
to
be
restrained
by
a
Councell
.
At
length
Ioninianus
(
the
enemy
being
at
his
backe
)
concluded
a
dishonourable
peace
,
redeliuering
those
fiue
Prouinces
beyond
Tigris
,
(
wonne
by
Galerius
,
as
aboue
mentioned
)
as
also
part
of
Mesopotamia
:
and
afterwards
couenanted
that
the
Romanes
should
lend
no
ayde
,
to
the
King
of
Armenia
their
friend
and
confederate
.
Marching
forth
with
his
Army
,
as
hee
was
returning
home
dyed
vpon
the
borders
of
Bythinia
.
The
soldiers
forthwith
create
Valentinianus
Emperour
,
who
soone
after
his
comming
to
Constantinople
,
[
m
](A09569-e35520-b)
m
Of
the
East
.
Countries
to
his
care
,
marched
into
Germanie
,
where
hee
subdued
the
Saxons
bordering
vpon
the
Ocean
,
and
soone
after
he
had
beene
in
Gallia
,
[
n
](A09569-e35560-b)
n
In
Pannonia
falling
into
a
feuer
by
an
excessiue
straining
of
his
voice
in
an
angry
reply
against
some
offenders
.
dyed
as
it
is
written
vpon
a
vehement
passion
of
anger
.
By
this
time
his
brother
Valens
was
arriued
in
Asia
,
to
represse
the
Parthians
forraging
the
Country
of
Armenia
,
and
the
King
of
Persia
,
who
breaking
the
league
,
was
falne
into
open
hostility
:
But
after
the
Hunnes
or
Tartars
,
and
Scythians
had
ouer-runne
Pannonia
,
Epirus
,
and
Thessaly
,
he
returnes
into
Europe
,
where
in
pitcht
battell
being
ouerthrowne
,
and
as
he
fled
wounded
and
carried
into
a
little
cottage
,
which
the
Enemy
setting
on
fire
,
hee
there
dyed
.
That
Edict
of
Valentinianus
the
Emperor
,
and
of
Valens
,
is
yet
extant
,
wherein
it
is
prouided
,
That
those
who
betake
themselues
to
a
monasticall
life
and
solitarinesse
,
and
in
that
regard
escape
warfare
and
publike
impositions
,
shall
bee
drawne
out
of
their
cells
,
and
either
serue
for
their
Country
,
or
else
forfeit
all
those
benefits
,
afterwards
conferred
vpon
them
,
that
vndergoe
both
paines
and
perill
for
the
Common-wealth
.
The
Enemies
not
long
after
(
appeased
by
the
Emperours
gift
and
mony
)
departed
from
Constantinople
which
they
then
besiged
.
Saxony
being
at
peace
,
Valentinian
the
Emperour
chose
his
sonne
Gratianus
for
his
Collegue
:
Those
Tyrants
thus
cut
off
,
Honorius
,
Siilico
;
sand
not
long
after
departed
hi
life
.
Constantinople
,
An.
381.
By
his
command
a
Councell
was
held
at
Constantinople
,
wherein
the
heresie
of
Macedonius
,
who
derogated
from
the
Diuinity
of
the
holy
Ghost
,
was
condemned
.
The
Fathers
there
assembled
,
being
as
it
is
recorded
,
150
in
number
,
ordained
Bishops
,
both
there
as
also
at
Antiochia
,
which
they
stile
the
elder
and
truely
Catholike
Church
,
&
at
Ierusalem
which
they
call
the
Mother
of
all
Churches
.
They
transmitted
those
their
proceedings
to
Darsasus
Bishop
of
Rome
,
who
endeauoured
to
call
them
to
Rome
.
Saint
Hierom
when
he
was
yong
,
was
familiar
with
this
Damasus
.
Hee
was
the
Author
of
that
memorable
saying
.
Wheresoeuer
the
Bishop
is
,
be
it
at
Rome
,
Engubium
,
Constantinople
,
Rhegium
,
or
Alexandria
,
he
is
of
the
same
demerit
and
Priesthood
.
Theodosius
hath
the
fame
for
a
very
godly
Prince
,
who
being
reprehended
by
St.
Ambrose
Bishop
of
Millane
,
and
prohibited
entrance
into
the
church
tooke
it
patiently
.
Arcadius
gouerned
in
the
East
at
Constantinople
,
Arcad
us
395
a●
.
13.
m.
3
d.
15.
Together
with
Honorius
,
who
raigned
about
15.
yeares
after
the
death
of
Arcadius
.
and
Honorius
at
Rome
.
But
Ruffinus
with
intent
to
translate
the
Empire
to
himself
,
vnderhand
incited
the
King
of
the
Gothes
to
make
warre
against
Arcadius
:
whose
treachery
being
disclosed
,
he
was
slaine
by
the
souldiers
.
Innocent
the
first
of
that
name
excommunicated
Arcadius
the
Emperor
,
for
that
hee
gaue
consent
to
haue
Saint
Iohn
Chrysostome
expelled
out
of
his
Church
,
as
it
is
related
in
the
Papall
Law
.
At
this
time
flourisht
Saint
Augustine
also
,
Bishop
of
Hippo
,
who
was
present
at
the
third
and
fourth
Counsell
of
Carthage
,
where
amongst
others
,
those
decrees
passed
,
That
the
Bishop
should
haue
a
little
mansion
house
neere
to
his
Church
.
That
his
housholdstuffe
should
be
meane
,
his
table
and
prouision
poore
,
and
by
his
vprightnesse
and
integrity
of
life
,
should
get
himselfe
authority
.
That
he
should
vse
the
vtensils
of
the
Church
,
as
things
committed
to
his
charge
,
and
not
as
his
owne
.
This
Innocent
the
first
writ
also
to
Saint
Austine
,
and
to
Aurelius
Bishop
of
Carthage
,
where
exhorting
them
to
mutuall
prayers
,
he
cals
them
brothers
,
and
fellow-priests
.
After
Innocent
followed
Zozimus
,
who
commending
the
decrees
of
the
Fathers
,
and
of
antiquity
,
saith
that
it
is
not
lawfull
,
no
not
for
the
See
of
Rome
,
as
they
call
it
,
to
make
any
alteration
therein
,
or
any
contradictory
decree
.
Hee
also
reprehends
&
corrects
the
custome
of
his
time
,
that
many
men
of
no
learning
,
aspired
to
the
order
of
Priesthood
.
Boniface
the
first
succeeded
Zozimus
,
in
whose
time
the
sixt
Councell
of
Carthage
was
assembled
,
whereto
there
was
great
concourse
,
wherein
Saint
Austine
also
was
present
.
Boniface
sending
his
Legates
thither
,
declared
that
the
Councell
of
Nice
had
granted
such
priuiledge
to
the
See
of
Rome
,
that
all
Prouinces
euery
where
,
should
appeale
thither
:
and
therfore
requested
the
Fathers
there
assembled
,
to
establish
and
confirme
the
same
.
Their
answer
was
,
that
as
far
as
they
knew
,
there
was
not
any
such
decree
at
Nice
,
but
,
that
the
certaine
truth
might
be
sifted
out
and
knowne
,
they
were
agreed
to
send
for
a
true
copy
of
the
Councell
,
from
the
Churches
of
Alexandria
and
Constantinople
;
which
being
at
length
produced
,
the
decree
was
found
quite
contrary
:
to
wit
,
each
Prouince
should
haue
the
cognizance
of
their
owne
causes
,
and
that
an
appeale
should
lye
from
the
Bishops
to
the
Councells
of
the
Prouince
,
or
else
to
the
Oecumenicall
Councell
,
as
they
call
it
.
St.
Cyril
was
then
Bishop
of
Alexandria
.
Boniface
died
before
the
copy
came
,
and
his
successor
Celestinus
vrging
the
same
,
had
his
answer
according
to
the
tenor
of
that
decree
.
Arcadius
dying
,
his
sonne
Theodosius
the
II.
succeeded
,
Stilico
Honorius
his
Protector
dealt
no
lesse
perfidiously
then
Ruffinus
:
For
hee
not
onely
gaue
the
Gothes
leaue
to
inhabite
and
seat
themselues
in
Gallia
,
but
also
instigated
them
to
march
into
Italy
,
with
their
Leader
Alaricus
,
and
took
the
City
of
Rome
,
which
happened
in
the
yeare
of
Rome
built
1162
,
and
of
our
Lord
412.
The
Gothes
keeping
their
Rendezuous
at
Rome
for
a
while
,
and
harrazing
the
Countrey
till
they
came
to
[
n
](A09569-e36930-b)
n
A
seacoast
towne
in
Italy
,
now
called
Reggio
,
opposite
to
Sicilie
.
Rhegium
,
from
thence
sayld
ouer
into
Sicily
,
where
they
suffered
shipwracke
,
and
lost
their
King
.
But
Stilico
still
continuing
his
villainous
and
treacherous
practices
,
with
intent
to
translate
the
sway
of
gouernment
into
his
owne
sonne
Eucherius
his
hands
:
was
(
vpon
discouery
of
his
plot
)
taken
,
and
by
Honorius
his
command
put
to
death
.
King
Alaricus
thus
dispatcht
,
the
Gothes
elected
his
kinsman
Adolphus
their
King
,
and
vnder
his
leading
marcht
backe
againe
to
Rome
,
where
,
what
remained
,
they
spoile
.
He
being
slaine
,
Gensericus
raigned
,
after
whose
death
followed
Wallis
,
with
whem
Constantine
Honorius
.
his
sisters
husband
and
Leiutenant
for
the
Gallia's
,
as
afterwards
Collegue
in
the
Empire
:
entered
into
amitie
and
league
,
granting
them
Aquitania
a
part
of
Gallia
to
inhabite
.
At
the
same
time
the
Scots
and
Picts
.
infested
Brittaine
,
but
were
put
to
flight
by
the
auxiliary
forces
sent
from
Honorius
the
Emperour
,
likewise
the
Vandals
and
Alans
,
with
their
chiefetaine
,
Gense
ricus
pillaged
vp
and
downe
Hispaine
.
After
Honorius
his
decease
at
Rome
,
his
sisters
sonne
Valentinianus
succeeded
him
in
the
West
and
at
Rome
.
Theodosius
Arcadius
his
sonne
,
as
aboue
recited
,
in
the
meane
space
gouerned
the
other
part
of
the
world
at
Constantinople
.
About
this
time
the
Vandalls
and
Alans
(
prouoked
by
the
dissentions
and
factions
of
the
Roman
Captaines
in
Africa
)
breake
forth
out
of
the
Hispaines
into
Africa
,
and
wasted
the
country
with
fire
&
sword
.
After
with
destruction
,
a
certaine
part
of
Africa
was
giuen
them
to
inhabite
.
The
Gothes
(
who
by
Honorius
his
permission
and
consent
as
a
little
abouementioned
,
inhabited
Aquitane
in
Gallia
)
not
satisfied
with
their
owne
bounds
,
offred
violence
and
injury
to
their
neighbours
:
and
wearied
Narbon
with
their
siege
.
But
Litorius
being
dispatcht
thither
with
forces
,
raised
the
siege
,
set
the
Town
at
liberty
,
brought
in
prouision
,
and
giuing
them
battell
,
at
the
first
sped
well
,
but
afterwards
was
taken
with
the
losse
almost
of
his
whole
Army
:
so
great
was
this
ouerthrow
that
the
Romans
were
forced
to
sue
for
peace
.
In
like
manner
Gensericus
King
of
the
Vandalls
,
breaking
the
league
made
with
the
Romans
in
Africa
,
as
before
mentioned
,
on
a
sudden
surprizes
Carthage
,
where
he
exercised
much
cruelty
:
which
City
had
then
continued
in
subiection
to
the
Romans
,
for
585.
yeares
.
Thus
hauing
got
possession
of
Carthage
,
hee
strikes
ouer
into
Sicilia
,
which
hee
made
flow
with
blood
.
Hereupon
Theodosius
the
Emperour
rigging
a
Nauie
,
prepares
for
warre
against
the
Vandals
,
but
by
reason
the
Hunnes
forraged
Thrace
and
Illyricum
,
the
Armie
was
recalled
out
of
Sicilie
,
to
defend
those
parts
.
The
Scots
&
Picts
then
againe
make
an
irruption
into
Britaine
,
and
the
inhabitants
despairing
of
aid
from
the
Romans
,
desire
helpe
from
the
English
,
Martianus
succeeded
Theodosius
in
the
East
.
Macedonia
,
Mysia
,
Thracia
,
intending
to
conquer
the
Easterne
part
of
the
Romane
Empire
.
But
perceiuing
that
the
warre
would
be
extreame
difficult
,
in
regard
the
Gothes
,
(
who
then
were
in
league
with
the
Romans
,
and
inhabited
part
of
Gallia
,
as
abouesaid
)
aided
the
Romans
,
therefore
by
his
Ambassadours
,
hee
requires
their
amitie
and
confederacie
,
but
Aetius
Valentinianus
the
Emperours
Lieutenant
preuented
that
;
who
corroborating
the
league
with
Theodoricus
king
of
the
Gothes
,
wholly
bent
himselfe
to
the
warre
.
Athila
neuerthelesse
proceeds
,
and
in
the
Downes
of
Chaalons
,
(
which
part
of
France
in
regard
of
the
plaines
,
is
Champaigne
)
was
this
most
dismall
battell
fought
,
in
which
as
it
is
recorded
,
180000.
men
were
slaine
.
And
Athila
losing
the
day
,
determined
to
kill
himselfe
,
lest
he
should
fall
aliue
into
the
hands
of
his
enemies
.
Howbeit
king
Theodoricus
his
sonne
,
following
Aetius
the
Lieutenants
counsaile
,
returned
home
with
his
forces
,
to
succeed
his
deceased
Father
:
whereby
Athila
getting
time
to
recollect
himselfe
,
retires
into
Pannonia
,
and
leaying
new
forces
,
marches
,
full
swoln
with
reuenge
,
into
Itali●
:
where
at
length
,
winning
the
Citie
of
Aquilleia
,
(
first
wearied
out
with
a
long-continuing
siege
)
sackt
and
burnt
it
.
Then
forthwith
he
takes
Concordia
,
Padua
,
Vicentia
,
Verona
,
Brescia
,
Bergamo
,
Millaine
and
Pauie
:
and
so
pillaging
vp
and
downe
[
o
](A09569-e38080-b)
o
Romandiola
.
Flaminia
,
incamped
at
the
meeting
of
the
Riuer
of
Mencius
and
Po
:
where
deliberating
about
his
passage
to
Rome
with
his
Armie
,
Leo
the
first
of
that
name
,
Bishop
of
Rome
,
comes
to
him
,
and
so
farre
preuailed
,
that
altering
his
intent
,
he
not
onely
surceased
his
expedition
to
Rome
,
but
also
quite
remouing
out
of
Italie
,
returned
into
Pannonia
,
where
within
a
while
after
he
ended
his
daies
.
This
was
that
Leo
,
many
of
whose
Epistles
to
Theodosius
the
second
,
and
Martianus
the
Emperour
,
are
extant
,
wherein
he
partly
apologizes
for
his
absence
from
the
Councels
by
them
conuocated
,
and
intreats
them
not
to
bee
offended
for
sending
thither
of
his
Legates
;
and
partly
also
requests
,
that
they
would
designe
some
place
in
Italie
,
rather
then
in
Asia
,
for
the
celebrating
of
Councels
:
but
he
obtained
nothing
.
Whilest
Athila
thus
raged
vp
and
downe
Italie
,
the
Citie
of
Venice
was
builded
;
[
p
](A09569-e38310-b)
p
Some
Authors
call
him
Paulutius
Anafestus
,
and
write
of
his
beginning
in
Anno
Dom.
697.
and
after
their
Citie
built
,
282.
Paulus
Anazatus
,
in
the
yeere
of
grace
,
706.
being
252.
yeeres
after
the
beginning
of
the
building
of
their
Citie
.
Afterwards
when
Valentinianus
was
slaine
,
Gensericus
King
of
the
Vandals
,
sailing
ouer
with
a
Nauie
from
Affrica
into
Italie
,
marches
with
an
exceeding
great
armie
(
being
aided
by
the
Moores
)
towards
Rome
,
and
takes
the
Citie
,
in
a
manner
left
quite
desolate
:
but
at
the
earnest
request
of
Leo
the
Bishop
,
who
also
,
as
aforesaid
,
appeased
Athila
:
hee
forbore
fire
and
sword
:
The
Citie-sackt
,
captiues
were
transported
to
Carthage
in
great
troopes
.
The
enemies
after
this
,
infest
Campania
with
grieuous
outrages
,
rase
Capua
,
Nola
,
Naples
,
and
other
Cities
:
those
who
suruiue
the
sword
,
they
condemne
to
the
irons
,
and
growne
rich
with
the
wealth
of
Italie
,
returne
into
Affrica
.
Martianus
,
Emperour
of
the
East
,
a
Prince
of
a
calme
nature
,
inioyed
peace
:
hee
was
wont
to
say
:
That
it
was
not
sitting
for
a
Prince
to
take
armes
,
as
long
as
he
might
liue
in
peace
.
In
his
raigne
,
There
,
amongst
the
rest
,
it
was
decreed
,
that
no
Clerke
,
as
they
call
them
,
should
bee
admitted
to
the
Churches
of
two
Cities
.
Pluralitie
of
liuings
,
as
wee
tearme
it
,
was
not
then
heard
of
,
which
now
is
growne
so
ordinarie
,
as
nothing
is
more
common
.
And
almost
within
our
memorie
,
that
custome
crept
in
amongst
other
blemishes
of
the
Church
,
that
the
Pope
may
conferre
two
Bishoprickes
vpon
one
man
.
If
now
therefore
he
would
restore
the
custome
in
this
behalfe
,
which
was
held
in
the
next
precedent
age
;
hee
should
doe
his
dutie
,
but
seeing
that
cannot
be
,
can
we
suppose
it
euer
to
be
granted
,
that
matters
shall
be
amended
according
to
the
holy
Scriptures
,
and
decrees
of
the
Apostles
and
primitiue
times
?
No
,
they
toile
in
vaine
,
that
ballance
the
deedes
of
the
Popes
,
with
the
rules
of
ancient
Religion
.
Martianus
dying
in
the
seuenth
yeere
of
his
Empire
,
Nothing
memorable
is
recorded
of
Leo
the
Emperour
,
but
that
he
entred
into
amitie
and
league
with
the
Gothes
,
then
wasting
Illyricum
,
and
an
Epistle
or
two
of
Leo
the
Bishop
of
Romes
to
him
,
[
q
](A09569-e38870-b)
q
Called
Isauricus
,
because
he
was
borne
in
Isaurica
in
Cicilia
.
Isauricus
was
his
successor
.
Among
stthose
also
,
who
ruled
in
Rome
,
after
Valentinianus
his
death
,
Augustulus
was
one
,
in
whose
raigne
,
Odoacer
with
a
maine
armie
of
Herulians
and
Syrians
,
out
of
Pannonia
,
inuades
Italie
,
takes
Orestes
,
a
Nobleman
of
Rome
,
who
was
fled
to
Pauie
with
his
forces
)
puts
him
to
death
,
sackes
and
burnes
the
Citie
:
and
marching
on
,
takes
in
the
whole
Country
as
far
as
Rome
.
Augustulus
deiected
in
minde
,
voluntarily
resignes
his
Empire
:
Odoacer
enters
the
Citie
,
and
obtaining
the
kingdome
of
Italie
,
gouerned
without
resistance
fourteene
yeeres
.
But
at
length
,
Theodorieus
King
of
the
East-Gothes
,
sent
by
Zeno
the
Emperour
:
marching
from
Constantinople
,
ouerthrew
the
[
r
](A09569-e39090-b)
r
Part
of
the
Gothes
.
Gepides
and
Bulgarians
,
opposing
him
;
and
so
making
his
way
through
Mysia
,
and
Pannonia
,
arriues
in
Italie
,
and
incampes
himselfe
not
farre
from
Aquileta
:
whither
Odoacer
afterwards
repairing
,
a
sharpe
battell
insued
.
Odoacer
losing
the
day
,
fled
;
but
recollecting
his
forces
,
ioynes
battell
on
fresh
,
and
is
againe
ouerthrown
,
most
part
of
his
armie
lost
:
some
whereof
perished
in
battell
,
others
in
[
s
](A09569-e39190-b)
s
A
Riuer
running
through
Verona
.
Athesis
.
Hee
flies
amaine
towards
Rome
,
where
shut
out
,
he
spoiles
the
Country
about
,
and
comes
to
Rauenna
:
there
at
length
,
after
three
yeeres
siege
,
vpon
the
Cities
yeelding
,
she
was
taken
and
put
to
death
.
Odoacer
thus
cut
off
,
Theodoricus
became
Lord
of
Italie
,
marches
to
Rome
,
where
hee
assembled
two
Councels
of
Bishops
,
whom
hee
called
together
out
of
sundry
Prouinces
of
Italie
,
to
sit
vpon
[
t
](A09569-e39300-b)
t
Pope
of
Rome
.
Symmachus
his
cause
,
whom
the
greatest
part
refused
,
as
one
vnworthy
,
and
falsly
created
.
This
Theodoricus
was
an
Arian
,
as
the
Papall
bookes
haue
it
.
His
sirname
was
[
u
](A09569-e39360-b)
u
Because
of
his
victory
at
Verona
.
Veronensis
,
and
was
descended
from
that
Theodoricus
abouementioned
,
who
was
slaine
in
the
battell
against
Athila
King
of
the
Hunnes
.
Odoacer
was
a
[
*
](A09569-e39420-b)
*
Of
Rugerland
in
Pomerania
.
Rugian
,
a
people
of
Germanie
,
vpon
the
Danish
sea
.
Theodoricus
thereby
to
strengthen
himselfe
,
obliged
the
Kings
of
the
Vandals
,
Visigothes
,
and
Burgundians
to
him
by
affinitie
.
Whilest
the
squares
went
thus
in
Italie
,
great
troubles
were
on
foot
,
throughout
Thrace
,
Affrica
,
and
Britaine
,
where
at
length
,
the
Saxons
got
the
vpperhand
.
Zeno
dying
at
Constantinople
,
In
Anastatius
his
raigne
,
Sicilie
was
tossed
with
troubles
and
hostile
insurrections
,
which
were
quenched
by
the
Authors
death
.
Then
also
the
Hunnes
wasted
Armenia
,
and
Cappadocia
:
the
Getes
,
Macedonia
,
Thessalie
,
and
Epirus
:
from
both
which
the
Emperour
was
enforced
to
buy
his
peace
by
gifts
,
and
no
small
losses
.
Much
about
this
time
,
which
was
in
the
yeere
of
Grace
,
500.
Clodoueus
King
the
French
,
first
of
all
imbraced
the
Christian
Religion
,
hauing
beene
very
oft
and
earnestly
solicited
thereunto
,
as
also
to
forsake
his
Idols
and
superstition
:
by
his
wife
who
was
of
the
house
of
Burgundie
.
The
Councell
of
Orleans
in
his
raigne
established
,
which
consisted
of
thirty
three
French
Bishops
,
is
extant
:
wherein
amongst
the
rest
it
is
decreed
,
that
if
the
rauisher
of
a
Virgin
shall
flie
to
a
Church
,
though
hee
haue
offered
violence
to
the
Virgin
,
yet
hee
shall
not
come
within
danger
of
death
:
but
shall
either
bee
as
a
bondslaue
,
or
else
redeeme
himselfe
from
her
.
Anastatius
slaine
by
lightening
,
or
as
the
papall
law
speakes
,
dying
vpon
an
[
x
](A09569-e39880-b)
x
Sleidan
(
as
.
Meibomius
notes
)
here
mistakes
the
Emperour
,
for
Pope
Anastatius
.
Iustine
,
518
an.
9.
d.
24.
●
eruption
of
his
bowels
:
Iustinus
succeeded
,
a
man
of
obscure
parentage
,
and
from
a
swine-heard
made
a
souldier
,
as
it
is
written
.
He
was
at
dissention
with
Theodoricus
King
of
the
Gothes
,
Lord
of
Italie
,
about
diuersitie
of
Religion
,
but
yet
they
held
off
from
blowes
:
Theodoricus
dying
,
Alaricus
his
Grand-child
by
his
sonne
,
succeeded
,
to
the
great
ioy
and
contentment
of
the
Gothes
.
Iohn
the
first
of
that
name
,
was
then
Bishop
of
Rome
.
He
with
other
more
,
was
sent
in
Ambassage
,
by
the
aforementioned
King
Theodoricus
,
to
Constantinople
;
where
,
as
their
bookes
relate
,
hee
was
most
honourably
entertained
,
not
onely
by
the
people
,
but
also
by
the
Emperour
himselfe
.
For
they
,
say
they
,
were
exceeding
ioyous
,
that
it
was
their
fortune
,
now
at
length
to
see
and
entertaine
the
blessed
S.
Peters
Vicar
,
as
they
tearme
him
,
in
Greece
;
which
had
neuer
befallen
them
before
since
Constantines
time
the
Great
,
and
Syluesters
.
But
it
is
strange
,
that
they
should
pra●e
thus
of
Syluester
,
who
came
not
into
Greece
,
as
it
is
manifest
:
For
,
then
when
it
was
most
be●oofefull
,
as
also
needfull
,
I
meane
at
the
Councell
of
Nice
,
he
stirred
not
,
but
sent
thither
his
Legates
,
Victor
and
Vincent
:
and
afterwards
as
they
relate
,
he
himselfe
assembled
another
Councell
at
Rome
,
wherein
he
confirmed
the
decrees
of
the
Councell
of
Nice
.
There
is
extant
also
,
a
consolatorie
Epistle
of
this
Iohn
the
first
to
the
Bishops
of
Italie
,
wherein
hee
exhorts
them
,
that
albeit
King
Theodoricus
polluted
with
Arian
heresie
,
threatned
destruction
to
them
,
and
to
all
Italie
,
yet
they
should
not
desist
from
their
purpose
,
but
resolutely
proceed
.
After
Iustine
,
Theodora
.
Tribonianus
the
Lawyer
was
in
high
esteeme
with
him
:
he
who
(
abrogating
the
writings
and
disputations
of
the
Ancients
)
gathered
out
of
them
an
hotchpotch
of
the
lawes
,
and
left
vs
the
fragments
onely
,
which
now
goe
vnder
the
name
of
the
Pandects
:
But
he
had
certaine
helpers
in
that
worke
,
whose
names
are
mentioned
all
ouer
.
He
did
the
like
also
in
the
references
and
lawes
of
the
Emperours
,
which
being
comprehended
in
three
bookes
,
the
Gregorian
,
Hermogenian
,
and
Theodosian
:
he
contracted
into
one
volume
,
naming
it
Iustinians
Code
,
vsing
other
mens
helpes
therein
,
whose
names
the
Emperour
reckons
vp
in
the
preface
to
his
booke
.
There
are
Authors
that
report
,
how
this
Tribonianus
was
a
couetous
man
,
and
for
gaine
,
The
Emperour
intreated
Belisarius
,
whom
I
spoke
of
,
(
him
by
whose
prowesse
hee
had
obtained
so
many
and
so
glorious
victories
)
most
ignominiously
:
and
in
his
extreame
old
age
,
caused
his
eyes
to
bee
put
out
.
In
his
raigne
,
some
Councels
were
assembled
at
Constantinople
,
wherein
Menna
,
Patriarch
of
that
Citie
,
sate
President
:
who
,
as
their
bookes
haue
it
,
is
stiled
the
most
holy
,
most
blessed
,
and
oecumenicall
.
In
the
beginning
of
the
Code
,
an
Epistle
of
the
Emperour
to
the
Archbishop
of
the
Citie
of
Rome
,
is
set
downe
,
wherein
he
calls
him
,
the
Head
of
all
Churches
,
and
subiects
all
to
him
.
Furthermore
,
although
the
learned
are
of
opinion
,
that
it
was
forged
,
yet
grant
it
be
true
,
it
is
certaine
,
that
this
controuersie
continued
many
yeers
after
,
til
at
length
the
Bishops
of
Rome
,
amplified
with
abilities
,
preuailed
:
and
in
the
possession
of
the
Church
,
would
erect
to
themselues
a
Tower
,
which
,
whether
reared
by
the
hands
of
men
,
or
fauour
of
Princes
,
now
carries
the
name
,
as
though
it
were
founded
by
power
diuine
.
We
haue
formerly
mentioned
how
the
sixth
Councell
of
Carthage
was
held
in
S.
Austines
time
,
wherein
Pope
Boniface
the
first
,
and
Pope
Caelestines
fallacies
were
vnmasked
,
when
they
alledged
how
it
was
decreed
at
Nice
,
that
all
Prouinces
should
appeale
to
them
.
And
in
Iustinians
time
,
Boniface
the
second
was
Bishop
of
Rome
,
whose
Epistle
is
extant
,
wherein
he
sharpely
reprehends
Aurelius
Bishop
of
Carthage
in
the
before-mentioned
Councell
,
and
saies
,
that
he
with
his
fellowes
,
did
by
the
deuils
instigation
resist
the
Church
of
Rome
:
as
also
,
giues
God
thankes
,
that
in
his
time
,
Eulalius
,
Aurelius
his
successor
,
was
reconciled
to
the
Church
of
Rome
,
and
after
that
,
rehearses
the
words
of
Eulalius
,
wherein
he
professes
,
that
hee
condemnes
both
his
predecessors
and
successors
whosoeuer
they
bee
,
that
goe
about
to
weaken
the
priuiledges
of
the
holy
and
Apostolicall
Church
of
Rome
.
Agapetus
the
next
to
Boniface
,
remoued
Anthemius
Patriarch
of
Constantinople
out
of
his
place
,
for
denying
the
two
natures
in
Christ
.
Theodora
the
Empresse
,
tooke
this
very
hainously
,
and
by
Belisarius
,
admonished
Siluirius
Agapetus
his
successor
,
to
restore
him
:
and
Belisarius
(
certaine
other
accusations
also
being
laid
to
his
charge
)
turnes
him
out
of
his
place
,
and
sends
him
into
banishment
,
substituting
Vigilius
,
who
likewise
called
to
Constantinople
,
and
refusing
to
recall
Anthemius
,
was
condemned
to
the
like
punishment
:
whereby
it
sufficiently
appeares
,
in
what
manner
the
Bishops
of
Rome
were
then
subiect
to
the
power
of
the
Emperour
.
Iustine
the
II.
Narses
the
Emperors
Lieutenant
throughout
Italy
,
(
after
the
Gothes
were
expulst
,
and
Totilas
dead
)
held
Italy
almost
sixteene
yeares
:
afterwards
called
home
by
the
Emperour
from
whom
receiuing
certain
vnwelcome
letters
,
and
therein
perceiuing
his
ingratitude
,
he
not
onely
stayes
still
,
but
surther
for
reuenge
,
(
sending
away
his
Ambassadours
)
instigates
the
Lombards
then
seated
in
Pannonia
,
proffering
them
very
large
rewards
,
to
depart
from
Pannonia
and
come
into
Italy
,
the
most
pleasant
and
fruitfull
of
all
Countries
.
Thereupon
they
tooke
that
part
of
Italy
,
which
till
this
day
,
retaines
the
name
from
them
.
This
Iustine
as
it
is
written
,
constituted
an
Exarch
,
Gouernour
throughout
Italy
:
hee
was
as
it
were
the
Emperors
Vicar
or
Deputy
:
His
chiefe
seat
was
at
Rauenna
,
neglecting
Rome
,
and
in
each
City
and
towne
ordaining
some
Gouernour
.
The
Italian
writers
report
that
this
new
ordinance
,
was
the
bane
of
Italy
,
and
Rome
.
Narses
soone
after
dyed
at
Rome
.
Tiberius
not
long
before
adopted
and
made
Collegue
in
the
Empire
,
Mauritius
,
Tiberius
his
sonne
in
law
,
being
created
Emperor
,
in
some
certaine
battels
by
his
Lieutenants
,
ouerthrew
the
Persians
,
and
at
length
concluded
a
peace
with
them
:
recalling
his
Army
,
he
expelled
the
Scythians
out
of
Mysia
,
repressed
the
Lombards
throughout
Italy
:
chased
the
Hunnes
out
of
Pannonia
:
but
being
hated
of
the
souldiers
for
his
couetousnesse
,
was
enforced
(
vpon
a
mutinie
arisen
)
to
flie
to
Chalcedon
,
&
there
at
length
was
slain
,
together
with
his
wife
,
children
,
It
is
written
that
in
Mauritius
his
raigne
,
a
Comet
appeared
for
sixe
moneths
space
,
and
then
also
was
Mahomet
borne
,
whom
we
will
speake
of
hereafter
.
At
that
time
,
Iohn
Bishop
of
Constantinople
,
stiled
himselfe
the
vniuersall
Patriarch
:
but
Pelagius
the
second
,
Bishop
of
Rome
,
vehemently
resisted
him
,
and
pronounced
his
decrees
void
.
His
successor
Gregory
,
the
first
sharply
reprehends
him
for
this
,
and
indeed
confesses
,
that
in
the
Councell
of
Chalcedon
,
this
title
and
honour
was
giuen
to
his
predecessors
,
but
none
of
them
vsed
it
.
As
also
he
exhorts
Mauritius
the
Emperour
by
his
Letters
,
to
restraine
him
,
for
that
also
appertained
to
his
authority
,
which
he
(
in
arrogating
such
a
kinde
of
power
)
did
much
impaire
.
It
is
recorded
that
the
next
after
Gregory
,
Boniface
the
III
obtained
the
primacie
from
Phocas
,
certaine
Edicts
and
charters
being
publisht
in
that
behalfe
.
In
Phocas
his
raigne
the
Persians
very
greiuously
annoyed
the
Common-wealth
:
seizing
vpon
Mesopotamia
,
and
Assyria
,
and
marching
on
euen
vnto
the
lesser
Asia
,
such
was
the
negligence
of
this
Prince
.
Germany
also
,
together
with
Gallia
,
and
a
great
part
of
Italy
reuolted
.
The
Saracens
wasted
Aegypt
:
and
he
himselfe
being
slaine
for
his
cruelty
and
neglect
of
the
Common-wealth
,
Heraclius
succeeded
.
Then
againe
the
Persians
marching
on
very
farre
through
Aegypt
,
inuade
Africa
,
which
they
bring
vnder
their
subiection
.
The
Scythians
diuersly
dismember
Europe
.
Heraclius
at
length
marching
into
Asia
,
when
hee
could
not
make
his
peace
,
though
propounding
certaine
conditions
,
little
tending
to
the
honour
of
the
Romanes
,
almost
by
meere
constraint
encountred
with
the
Persians
,
(
who
now
also
forraged
Iudaea
)
and
in
a
battell
or
two
discomfited
them
.
Then
marching
on
beyond
the
Riuer
Tigris
,
and
ransaking
Persia
farre
and
wide
(
entring
at
length
into
amity
with
Sirochus
the
[
a
](A09569-e42200-b)
a
Cosroes
.
King
of
Persia's
son
,
who
hauing
slaine
his
father
,
set
vpon
the
Kingdome
)
recouered
Africa
,
and
Aegypt
,
and
whatsoeuer
else
the
Persians
had
taken
,
and
it
was
couenanted
that
the
Riuer
Tigris
should
deuide
the
Persian
and
Roman
dominions
.
At
this
time
also
the
Saracens
seruing
in
the
warres
vnder
Heraclius
,
being
defrauded
of
their
pay
,
reuolt
in
huge
troopes
,
and
pillaging
vp
and
downe
Syria
,
(
Mahomet
being
their
Chieftaine
)
took
Damascus
,
forraged
Aegypt
,
subdued
Arabia
,
and
gaue
the
Persians
some
ouerthrowes
.
This
Mahomet
was
by
parentage
obscure
,
but
subtle
and
aduenturous
,
as
also
afterwards
enriched
by
mariage
:
and
by
reason
of
his
prompt
wit
carying
great
sway
he
propounds
a
new
kind
of
doctrine
(
to
reason
indeed
very
delectable
,
but
for
the
most
part
ridiculous
and
foolish
)
whereby
hee
might
more
and
more
oblige
the
mindes
of
men
,
and
more
firmly
possesse
himselfe
with
soueraigntie
.
And
though
this
flame
might
at
first
haue
easily
beene
quenched
,
yet
being
neglected
,
in
short
space
grew
to
a
maine
height
:
and
so
from
that
time
the
Maiestie
and
Empire
of
the
Romans
in
the
East
,
decayed
more
and
more
,
Nations
reuolting
one
after
another
.
In
Heraclius
his
raigne
,
the
fourth
Councell
of
Toledo
was
celebrated
,
where
,
because
most
part
of
the
Priests
throughout
Spaine
,
did
not
euery
day
(
but
onely
vpon
that
day
which
wee
call
Sunday
)
vse
that
prayer
which
Christ
himselfe
taught
vs
:
amongst
other
matters
,
a
reformation
therein
was
decreed
,
as
also
that
the
Apocalyps
of
S.
Iohn
,
as
they
say
should
bee
read
in
the
Church
from
Easter
to
Whitsontide
.
The
Gothes
then
raigned
in
Hispain
,
when
as
the
Spaniards
(
growne
weary
,
as
it
is
common
,
of
forraign
gouernment
)
attempting
an
innovation
,
this
Councell
vnder
a
seuere
penalty
prohibited
the
practizing
of
any
conspiracy
against
their
King
or
the
Gothish
Nation
:
and
that
after
the
Kings
decease
,
the
States
and
Clergie
of
the
whole
Nation
,
Heraclius
,
Constans
succeeded
,
who
was
his
grandchild
by
his
sonne
Constantine
.
He
had
an
infortunate
sea-fight
with
the
Saracens
,
who
getting
the
victory
,
tooke
Rhodes
,
and
without
doubt
had
proceeded
further
,
had
not
the
factions
kindled
amongst
them
procured
a
two
yeares
truce
with
the
Romanes
.
The
Emperour
hauing
this
time
to
pause
,
marches
with
an
Army
into
Italy
,
thereby
,
as
he
boasted
,
to
rescue
it
out
of
the
Enemies
hands
:
and
arriuing
at
Tarento
,
besieged
Luceria
,
and
other
places
of
Apulia
belonging
to
the
Lombards
:
but
in
his
iourney
towards
Naples
,
his
rereguard
was
cut
off
by
the
Lombards
.
Entring
Rome
peaceably
,
at
length
hee
disrobes
the
City
of
all
its
ornaments
,
and
there
staying
a
few
dayes
strucke
ouer
into
Sicily
,
where
afterwards
he
was
murthered
in
a
Bath
:
and
some
dissension
arising
after
his
death
about
succession
,
the
Sarazens
(
laying
hold
on
this
opportunity
)
with
a
great
Nauy
inuaded
Sicilie
,
commit
a
horrible
massacre
of
the
Islanders
,
take
Syracuse
and
carry
away
with
them
all
Constans
his
spoiles
taken
from
Rome
.
Constans
,
Constantine
the
IIII.
succeeded
,
commonly
called
the
Bearded
.
He
for
certain
yeeres
encountring
with
the
Sarazens
,
at
length
vanquisht
them
insomuch
as
they
sued
for
peace
,
and
for
a
thirty
yeares
Truce
:
as
also
condescended
to
pay
a
yearely
Tribute
:
and
the
Romanes
Enemies
in
the
East
herewith
shaken
implore
a
peace
.
But
the
Bulgars
,
transpassing
their
bounds
wast
Thrace
,
with
them
a
peace
was
at
length
concluded
,
and
both
the
[
b
](A09569-e42880-b)
b
Now
Bursia
in
Asia
.
Mysia's
yeelded
vp
to
them
:
but
afterwards
(
when
they
perceiued
the
Romanes
negligence
)
breaking
the
league
,
flye
out
againe
,
and
extenuate
the
forces
of
the
Empire
.
This
Emperour
as
it
is
recorded
,
was
the
first
,
that
ordained
,
that
whom
the
Clergy
and
people
of
Rome
together
with
the
souldiers
,
had
created
Bishop
of
that
City
,
hee
should
obtaine
full
power
:
for
till
this
time
the
dignity
of
Bishop
of
Rome
depended
vpon
the
confirmation
either
of
the
Emperour
,
or
of
his
Deputy
for
Italy
.
There
is
a
long
Epistle
extant
of
Pope
Leo
the
II
,
to
Constantine
,
wherein
hee
condemnes
all
manner
of
heretiques
,
and
highly
extolls
him
for
his
loue
to
,
and
protection
of
Religion
,
as
also
for
his
liberality
and
munificence
:
adding
,
that
the
Church
hauing
gotten
such
a
Defender
,
most
ioyfully
triumphed
.
The
sixth
Counsell
at
Constantinople
was
held
in
his
raign
which
consisted
of
150.
Bishops
.
Wherein
,
about
the
end
thereof
,
mention
is
made
(
but
in
obscure
words
)
of
those
Canons
stiled
the
Apostles
.
But
Gratianus
reckons
vp
the
contrary
opinions
,
for
he
auerres
,
that
there
be
those
that
can
affirme
,
that
they
were
compiled
by
heretiques
,
reiected
by
the
Primitiue
Church
,
and
accounted
among
the
Apocrypha's
.
Yet
it
is
written
that
Zepherinus
B.
of
Rome
,
in
order
the
sixteenth
approued
them
:
as
also
,
after
him
,
this
Councell
before
mentioned
,
which
(
as
they
report
)
was
ended
in
Iustine
the
II.
his
time
,
Constantine
the
IIII.
his
sonne
.
In
briefe
,
all
flotes
vpon
incertaine
grounds
,
neither
doe
they
agree
in
the
number
of
the
Canons
,
for
some
hold
50.
others
60.
others
84.
in
which
number
indeed
they
are
extant
.
Whereby
it
may
easily
be
coniectured
that
more
were
added
by
degrees
,
and
afterwards
(
though
proceeding
from
many
)
comprehended
vnder
one
title
.
It
is
written
that
then
also
the
Archbishop
of
Rauenna
,
subiected
himselfe
to
the
Bishop
of
Rome
,
who
before
that
(
but
most
especially
after
the
translation
thither
of
the
Exarchy
)
would
yeeld
nothing
at
all
to
him
.
To
Constantine
,
Tiberius
Apsimarus
699.
an
7.
who
were
then
exceeding
strong
:
create
one
Tiberius
Emperour
.
He
marches
with
his
forces
to
Constantinople
,
where
winning
the
City
,
takes
Leontius
,
cuts
off
his
nose
,
cast
him
into
prison
,
and
constitutes
a
new
Exarch
in
Italy
.
And
whilst
all
matters
were
caried
after
this
boisterous
manner
,
the
Sarazens
laying
hold
on
this
fit
opportunity
,
march
out
of
Egypt
,
with
an
huge
Army
:
and
againe
surprise
Africa
,
and
Lybia
,
and
welnigh
all
Hispaine
.
Iustinianus
(
hee
whom
I
aboue
spoke
of
,
[
c
](A09569-e43500-b)
c
First
causing
them
to
be
caried
vp
and
downe
the
city
bound
in
cords
,
then
trampling
vpon
their
necks
and
lastly
beheading
them
.
Philippius
Bardanes
,
712.
an.
2.
m.
9.
d.
7.
after
which
hee
raigned
sixe
yeares
cruelly
,
prouing
also
ingratefull
to
King
Tribellius
,
and
at
length
ioyning
battle
with
Philippicus
Bardanes
,
to
whom
the
souldiers
had
reuolted
,
both
he
and
his
sonne
Tiberius
were
there
slaine
.
Pope
Constantine
pronounced
this
Philippicus
(
for
difference
in
Religion
)
a
Schismatick
,
whose
eyes
being
afterwards
pluckt
out
by
his
owne
seruants
,
Anastatius
the
II.
was
his
successor
.
Hee
sent
a
strong
Nauie
to
the
Rhodes
to
make
warre
with
the
Sarazens
,
constituting
an
ecclesiasticall
person
Generall
thereof
:
whom
the
souldiers
refusing
to
obey
,
a
mutinie
arose
and
one
Theodosius
of
obscure
parentage
was
created
Emperour
,
Theodosius
Adramittenus
,
716.
m.
7.
d.
16.
who
changing
the
voyage
,
marches
to
Constantinople
,
takes
the
City
,
and
confines
Anastasius
(
whom
he
ouerthrew
in
battaile
)
to
a
Monastery
:
but
not
long
after
being
expulst
by
Leo
Lieutenant
of
his
forces
,
Leo
Conon
,
717.
an.
24.
m.
2.
d.
25.
hee
also
betakes
himselfe
to
a
Monasticall
life
.
About
this
time
which
was
in
the
yeare
of
Grace
717.
the
Moores
with
their
whole
powers
breake
into
Spaine
,
and
subdue
it
,
Rodericke
being
then
King
of
the
Hispaines
,
whom
the
Gothes
had
elected
.
The
Sarazens
in
Leo's
raigne
,
hauing
ouerrunne
Thrace
,
besiege
Constantinople
both
by
sea
and
land
for
three
yeares
space
;
but
at
length
(
being
well
nigh
destroyed
by
the
plague
)
were
constrained
to
retire
home
.
This
Leo
was
a
mortall
aduersary
to
Gregory
the
II.
Bishop
of
Rome
:
and
charged
his
Vicar
or
Exarch
in
Italy
,
by
all
meanes
to
cut
him
off
:
but
the
Lombards
defended
the
Pope
,
not
for
any
loue
they
bare
him
,
but
to
the
end
,
that
by
these
dissensions
,
they
might
enlarge
their
owne
Territories
.
For
vpon
this
occasion
they
surprised
many
townes
belonging
to
the
Exarchie-Certaine
of
this
Gregories
Epistles
to
the
Clergy
and
Laity
of
Thuringia
,
[
d
](A09569-e43970-b)
d
A
part
of
Saxony
,
where
the
City
Erford
stands
.
are
extant
,
whereby
he
admonishes
them
more
and
more
to
encrease
in
the
knowledge
of
God
:
as
also
to
the
Saxons
sharply
deterring
them
from
worshipping
of
Idolls
,
in
which
employment
hee
vsed
one
[
e
](A09569-e44010-b)
e
An
Englishman
borne
in
Deuonshire
.
Boniface
his
helpe
,
whom
he
had
sent
into
Germany
.
The
Emperour
Leo
throwes
all
statues
&
Images
of
Saints
,
out
of
Churches
,
and
enioynes
the
Pope
also
to
doe
the
like
:
but
hee
not
onely
disobeyes
,
but
also
denounces
sharpe
punishment
against
him
perseuering
in
his
purpose
.
After
Gregory
the
III.
Zacharias
succeeded
.
An
Epistle
of
his
is
extant
to
one
Boniface
a
Bishop
in
Germany
;
the
same
man
,
as
it
appeares
,
whose
helpe
Gregory
the
II.
vsed
,
as
a
little
aboue
mentioned
.
Zacharias
satisfied
his
requests
and
permitted
Bishopricks
at
Merburgh
,
Bamberg
,
and
Erphord
;
and
also
gaue
him
leaue
to
goe
to
Charlemaine
,
Charles
Martel
his
sonne
,
who
was
desirous
to
haue
a
Councell
held
in
some
City
of
the
French
Kingdome
:
and
that
he
might
diligently
reforme
the
abuses
of
the
Church
,
but
most
especially
remoue
adulterers
,
and
those
that
had
many
wiues
from
the
order
of
Priesthood
:
for
sithence
after
the
vndertaking
of
the
holy
Ministery
,
they
ought
not
to
haue
or
touch
so
much
as
one
wife
,
much
lesse
at
one
and
the
same
time
,
they
should
haue
more
,
for
Pauls
words
,
that
a
Bishop
should
bee
the
husband
of
one
wife
,
is
to
bee
vnderstood
not
of
the
time
present
,
but
past
,
to
wit
,
that
hee
who
desires
to
be
admitted
into
the
ministeriall
function
,
should
haue
no
more
wiues
then
one
.
To
this
Epistle
Charlemaines
Edict
(
who
stiles
himselfe
Duke
of
the
French
)
is
annexed
:
wherein
hee
ordaines
that
a
Councell
should
be
held
euery
yeare
in
his
presence
:
and
commands
that
adulterous
Priests
,
and
whoremongers
should
be
remoued
out
of
their
places
:
and
likewise
prohibits
them
from
hunting
and
hawking
,
and
charges
them
not
to
maintaine
any
whore
at
home
:
but
concerning
wiues
not
a
word
.
From
this
time
Aistulphus
King
of
the
Lombards
required
a
tribute
from
the
Romans
,
sharply
menacing
them
in
case
of
non-payment
.
Stephen
the
II.
of
that
name
,
then
Bishop
of
Rome
,
seeing
hee
could
not
stop
his
mouth
neither
with
flatteries
nor
rewards
sues
to
Constantine
the
Emperour
for
ayde
,
but
no
helpe
comming
from
him
,
hee
sollicites
Pipin
,
lately
(
as
we
below
shall
mention
)
made
king
of
the
French
;
to
lend
him
his
hand
.
He
marching
with
an
Army
into
Italy
besieges
Pauie
,
and
compells
Aistulphus
to
come
to
composition
,
but
the
Enemy
,
after
Pipins
returne
home
,
growne
more
kene
,
againe
takes
armes
:
whereupon
Pipin
,
againe
solicited
,
marches
into
Italy
;
then
at
length
Aistulphus
surrenders
the
Exarchie
to
Pipin
,
in
which
Country
those
Cities
are
of
chiefe
account
,
Rauenna
,
Fauentia
,
Caesena
,
Forli
,
Forlimpopoli
,
Bologna
,
Reggio
,
Parma
,
and
Placentia
.
It
is
written
that
Pipin
deliuered
all
this
Countrey
into
the
Popes
hands
,
though
the
Emperor
first
required
him
to
restore
them
to
him
,
as
belonging
to
the
Empire
,
not
to
the
Church
of
Rome
.
To
Constantine
,
[
f
](A09569-e44660-b)
f
Against
the
Sarazeni
.
Syria
,
where
discomfited
,
he
retires
home
,
and
not
long
after
dyed
,
of
the
same
religion
with
his
father
,
leauing
behind
him
his
son
Constantine
the
VI.
who
by
reason
of
his
nonage
,
not
of
ability
to
raigne
,
his
mother
Irene
gouerned
the
Common-wealth
,
but
he
,
waxen
warmer
in
[
g
](A09569-e44710-b)
g
20
yeares
of
age
.
yeares
,
deposing
his
mother
,
tooke
the
Empire
vpon
himselfe
,
with
no
lesse
insolency
then
cruelty
:
whereupon
certaine
conspiracies
being
practized
against
him
:
he
set
a
mulct
,
amongst
others
,
vpon
his
vncle
Nicephorus
,
and
put
out
his
eyes
.
And
at
length
he
himselfe
by
the
meanes
of
his
mother
,
was
serued
with
the
same
sauce
,
within
a
while
after
dying
of
griefe
;
and
thereupon
the
sway
of
gouernment
returned
into
her
hands
.
In
the
meane
time
whilest
matters
were
thus
tumultuously
caryed
at
Constantinople
,
the
name
of
Charles
King
of
the
French
,
grew
famous
.
For
he
hauing
finished
the
warre
in
Aquitania
,
at
the
request
of
Adrian
Bishop
of
Rome
,
marches
into
Italy
,
and
as
his
Father
Pipin
repressed
Aistulphus
King
of
the
Lombards
,
as
abouesaid
:
so
he
,
after
a
long
siege
tooke
Desiderius
,
Aistulphus
his
successor
,
a
heauy
foe
to
Italy
,
and
Adrian
the
I.
As
also
excluded
his
sonne
Adalgisius
out
of
the
Kingdome
,
and
chased
him
quite
out
of
Italy
.
For
the
Emperours
of
Rome
,
by
reason
of
their
farre
remote
absence
(
I
meane
at
Constantinople
)
euer
since
Constantine
the
Great
,
and
being
likewise
hindered
,
not
onely
with
forraigne
wars
,
but
also
with
ciuill
&
domesticall
dissensions
,
in
a
manner
neglected
Italy
,
or
at
leastwise
could
not
conueniently
protect
it
,
especially
the
Lombards
raigning
there
:
Furthermore
,
most
of
them
also
,
being
at
deadly
dissention
with
the
Bishops
of
Rome
,
as
we
haue
formerly
specified
,
out
of
their
hatred
towards
them
,
were
not
moued
at
this
prosperous
estate
of
the
Lombards
.
For
this
cause
the
Popes
prouided
forraigne
defence
,
and
because
no
house
was
in
those
times
,
of
more
renowne
and
puissance
,
then
that
of
the
French
Kings
,
in
regard
of
the
greatnesse
of
their
noble
exploits
,
to
them
they
flie
,
as
to
a
harbour
in
time
of
trouble
.
And
after
this
manner
,
Adrian
dying
,
Leo
the
third
,
who
succeeded
him
,
hauing
many
aduersaries
at
Rome
,
Charles
,
Pipins
son
:
who
,
at
his
fourth
accession
to
the
Citie
,
was
by
the
Pope
and
all
the
people
proclaimed
Emperour
,
which
happened
at
the
same
time
,
when
nought
but
factions
swarmed
at
Constantinople
,
insomuch
as
the
very
time
it selfe
,
and
state
of
the
Common-wealth
,
seemed
to
administer
the
cause
and
occasion
of
this
change
.
Thus
therefore
the
Empire
of
the
West
,
came
to
the
Germanes
:
for
without
all
doubt
,
Pipin
and
Charles
were
Germanes
.
This
was
in
the
eight
hundred
and
first
yeere
after
Christs
birth
.
Now
,
The
Emperours
of
Greece
,
from
Nicephorus
to
Constantine
Palaeologus
the
last
,
are
reckoned
to
50
,
some
whereof
were
women
:
but
most
of
those
were
sloathfull
.
And
in
Constantine
Monomachus
his
raign
,
the
Turkes
from
a
base
originall
,
by
degrees
getting
ground
more
and
more
,
began
to
wast
Asia
,
and
daily
increasing
their
power
,
at
length
made
vp
a
Monarchie
,
but
no
new
or
fifth
one
,
but
sprouted
out
of
that
part
of
the
Romane
Empire
,
lying
in
the
East
.
Turkes
,
an.
1300.
Of
which
Monarchie
,
Ottoman
was
the
head
,
about
the
yeere
of
Christ
,
1300.
Afterwards
,
Mahomet
of
that
name
the
second
,
great
Grandfather
to
Solyman
,
who
now
swaies
the
Empire
,
taking
Constantinople
,
&
putting
Constantine
Palaeologus
the
Emperour
before
mentioned
,
together
with
his
whole
family
,
to
the
sword
,
vtterly
extinguisht
the
n●me
,
and
succession
of
Emperours
of
our
Religion
,
in
those
parts
.
And
the
Turkes
to
this
day
hold
Asia
,
Syria
,
Egypt
,
Mesopotamia
,
Iudea
,
the
Rhodes
,
all
Greece
,
Thracia
,
Bulgaria
,
Macedonia
,
Illyricum
,
both
the
Mysia's
,
and
of
late
,
almost
the
other
part
of
Hungary
,
and
some
part
of
Affrica
.
In
former
times
,
the
Churches
of
Ierusalem
,
Antioch
,
Constantinople
,
and
Rome
,
contended
amongst
themselues
for
primacie
,
but
especially
the
two
last
,
as
wee
formerly
shewed
:
but
the
Turke
ended
that
controuersie
,
and
set
such
a
confusion
in
those
[
h
](A09569-e45580-b)
h
Hierus
,
Antioch
,
Constantinople
.
three
places
,
that
there
is
not
a
tract
remaining
of
a
Church
or
Christian
Congregation
:
and
the
matter
it selfe
shewes
,
of
what
colour
the
face
,
and
what
the
state
is
of
that
[
i
](A09569-e45590-b)
i
Rome
.
Church
now
remaining
,
which
now
(
those
[
*
](A09569-e45600-b)
*
Aemulis
.
riuals
or
eye-sores
being
remoued
)
alone
triumphs
.
Therefore
hauing
shewne
after
what
manner
the
other
part
of
the
Roman
Empires
body
,
lying
in
the
East
,
vtterly
decaied
and
fell
into
the
hands
of
strangers
:
it
remaines
that
we
should
also
briefly
vnfold
,
how
that
part
in
the
west
,
quite
perished
,
and
found
new
Lords
.
But
here
by
the
way
,
let
vs
consider
,
after
what
a
wonderfull
kinde
of
mockerie
of
fortune
,
that
maiesticall
glory
and
sublimitie
of
the
Empire
,
was
from
those
Romans
and
ancient
families
,
brought
into
the
hands
of
strangers
,
and
some
of
them
of
base
degrees
:
some
being
Spaniards
,
others
originally
of
Pannonia
,
Dacia
,
Dardania
,
Dalmatia
,
Gallia
,
Thrace
,
Cappadocia
.
But
chiefly
it
is
worth
obseruance
,
how
doubtfull
and
miserable
the
estate
of
these
Emperours
was
:
for
their
dignitie
and
safetie
consisted
not
in
the
power
of
the
Senate
,
or
people
,
but
of
the
Legions
and
souldiers
:
so
that
it
may
stand
for
a
great
wonder
,
that
any
would
vndertake
this
charge
so
dangerous
and
obuious
to
iniuries
:
For
from
Caius
Caesar
,
(
who
was
murthered
in
the
face
of
the
Senate
)
till
Charles
the
Great
,
about
thirty
of
them
were
slaine
,
foure
whereof
killed
themselues
:
alwaies
something
was
wanting
in
them
,
which
the
souldiers
desired
,
who
could
abide
the
good
no
more
then
the
wicked
:
but
vpon
the
least
occasion
,
raising
a
tumult
,
cut
off
those
,
whom
sometimes
they
had
drawne
vp
to
that
height
of
honour
against
their
wills
,
as
for
example
,
it
was
Aelius
Pertinax
his
case
.
The
Senate
stood
in
feare
of
the
Emperour
,
but
the
Emperour
himselfe
was
swaied
by
the
will
,
and
in
a
manner
,
the
becke
of
the
rascall
souldiers
.
And
this
presumption
they
tooke
vpon
them
after
Caius
Caesars
death
,
especially
those
veterane
bands
,
which
he
had
imploied
in
Gallia
,
Hispaine
,
and
Affrica
.
Hereupon
Cicero
deploring
this
:
Couragious
they
are
indeed
,
saith
hee
,
but
in
regard
of
the
memory
of
those
exploits
,
which
they
atchieued
for
the
liberty
of
the
Romans
,
and
the
dignitie
of
the
Common-wealth
too
fierce
,
and
recall
all
our
Councell
to
their
violence
.
The
end
of
the
second
Booke
.
IOHN
SLEIDAN
of
the
foure
chiefe
Monarchies
.
OR
,
The
key
of
History
.
The
third
Booke
.
BEfore
wee
speake
of
Charles
the
Great
,
(
to
whom
I
told
you
the
Empire
of
the
West
was
befallen
)
some
thing
must
be
vnfolded
concerning
the
Germanes
,
from
whom
hee
deriues
his
originall
.
And
first
of
all
it
is
manifest
,
beyond
all
doubt
,
that
the
Germanes
very
oft
passed
ouer
the
Rhyne
,
and
entred
the
Gallia's
,
there
to
seat
themselues
in
regard
of
the
goodnesse
of
the
soile
.
For
the
Teuthons
broke
into
the
Prouince
of
Gallia
,
and
were
put
to
flight
by
Caius
Marius
the
Consull
.
Afterwards
the
Aruernes
and
Heduies
quarrelling
about
principality
,
the
Germanes
(
hired
with
pay
from
the
Aruernes
and
Sequans
)
marched
thither
at
first
indeed
but
with
indifferent
forces
,
but
increasing
by
degrees
,
in
Arcouistus
their
Kings
raigne
,
possessed
a
good
part
of
the
country
:
but
them
Caius
Caesar
ouerthrew
it
battell
:
and
some
yeeres
after
,
when
he
made
warre
against
the
[
k
](A09569-e45970-b)
k
Inhabiting
L●ke
be●ond
Brabant
.
Eburons
,
a
people
of
Gallia
Belgica
,
the
Germanes
againe
march
ouer
the
Rhyne
,
with
intent
to
beat
backe
the
Roman
Armie
,
but
were
by
him
discomfi●ed
,
at
the
meeting
of
the
Ri●er
Maze
and
the
Rhyne
.
Many
yeers
following
,
they
contained
themselues
within
their
owne
bounds
,
because
the
Roman
Emperours
held
them
in
play
by
warres
:
yet
as
oft
as
they
could
lay
hold
on
fitting
opportunity
,
slackt
not
their
owne
commoditie
,
but
continually
wasted
Gallia
.
After
this
manner
,
Gallienus
being
Emperour
,
one
no
lesse
carelesse
then
voluptuous
,
they
made
an
inroade
,
and
by
little
and
little
,
sprung
vp
to
that
potencie
,
that
the
Emperour
Probus
had
much
adoe
to
repell
them
.
Iulianus
also
,
Constantius
his
Lieutenant
,
made
warre
against
them
.
Afterwards
,
when
Honorius
was
Emperour
,
the
Gothes
broke
into
Gallia
,
to
whom
the
Emperour
(
detained
by
sundry
warres
)
granted
the
Country
of
Aquitania
to
inhabite
.
On
the
other
side
,
the
[
l
](A09569-e46170-b)
l
Of
Frankenlandt
,
then
Franconia
in
Germany
.
French-Germanes
,
making
their
way
through
[
m
](A09569-e46220-b)
m
Holland
.
Belgia
,
vanquishing
the
[
n
](A09569-e46240-b)
n
In
and
about
Triers
Treuires
,
[
o
](A09569-e46270-b)
o
Of
Iuliers
or
Gulicke
.
Menapians
,
Eburons
,
[
p
](A09569-e46310-b)
p
Part
in
Flanders
,
part
in
Picardie
.
Morines
,
[
q
](A09569-e46350-b)
q
Of
Turnay
.
Neruians
,
[
r
](A09569-e46380-b)
r
of
Picardy
.
The
beginning
of
the
French
Kingdome
in
Gallia
,
about
421.
Amtians
,
[
s
](A09569-e46430-b)
s
of
Picardy
.
The
beginning
of
the
French
Kingdome
in
Gallia
,
about
421.
Bellouacans
,
[
t
](A09569-e46480-b)
t
of
Picardy
.
The
beginning
of
the
French
Kingdome
in
Gallia
,
about
421.
Soissons
,
seated
themselues
in
that
part
of
Gallia
,
which
retaines
their
name
,
and
is
called
France
,
in
which
Country
,
Paris
is
the
chiefe
Citie
,
and
not
farre
from
thence
stands
San-Denis
,
afterwards
consecrated
for
the
Sepulture
of
the
Kings
of
France
to
this
day
.
After
this
manner
inlarged
,
hauing
formerly
possession
of
a
good
part
of
Germany
,
euen
all
the
Country
betwixt
the
Riuer
Maine
,
and
the
Rhyne
:
they
easily
repelled
not
onely
offred
hostilitie
,
but
also
made
warre
vpon
others
.
Besides
,
the
Roman
Empire
in
Asia
and
Affrica
,
daily
more
and
more
sliding
away
,
and
the
Lombards
wasting
Italy
,
they
almost
extended
their
dominions
quite
through
Gallia
:
and
after
many
of
their
Kings
had
raigned
there
in
successiue
course
,
at
length
the
Crowne
came
to
Pipin
also
,
and
to
his
sonne
Charles
.
Charles
Martel
Pipins
Father
,
who
was
not
king
himselfe
,
but
onely
one
of
the
Nobles
and
Gouernour
of
the
Pallace
,
or
as
they
are
commonly
called
,
Majors
of
the
house
:
vanquished
the
Bauarians
,
and
Sueuians
.
For
as
the
writers
of
the
French
Annals
deliuer
it
,
the
Kings
there
,
for
some
yeers
together
,
had
nothing
at
all
besides
their
title
,
the
principalitie
of
gouernement
belonging
to
the
Gouernour
of
the
Kings
house
.
For
those
Kings
degenerated
from
the
worth
of
their
Predecessors
,
and
gaue
themselues
ouer
to
pleasure
,
reiecting
the
care
of
the
Common-wealth
:
whereupon
the
Gouernour
of
the
Pallace
bore
all
sway
,
and
by
how
much
greater
the
kings
negligence
was
,
so
much
more
hee
augmented
his
authoritie
.
At
length
vpon
this
occasion
,
Pipin
who
was
Gouernour
in
Childrickes
raigne
,
(
when
the
cause
,
as
they
say
,
came
to
canuasing
before
Pope
Zacharie
)
got
the
Kingdome
.
Hereof
is
mention
made
in
that
decree
which
they
name
Gratians
,
to
wit
,
that
it
is
lawfull
for
the
Pope
to
depriue
Kings
of
their
principalitie
:
but
the
title
and
inscription
of
that
place
is
false
,
seeing
there
were
two
Anastatio'●
Emperours
,
and
it
cannot
be
referred
to
either
of
them
;
for
the
former
raigned
about
200.
and
the
other
,
37.
yeeres
,
before
this
happened
:
as
also
there
was
no
Pope
Gelasius
in
the
later
Emperors
time
.
I
thought
good
to
adde
this
for
the
Readers
aduertizement
,
that
they
may
wisely
and
warily
peruse
the
Papall
records
:
for
it
is
not
one
place
alone
which
discouers
this
to
be
their
prime
practice
,
so
to
fasten
an
opinion
of
antiquitie
vpon
their
lawes
,
that
they
may
carry
the
more
weight
and
authority
.
Pipin
,
(
besides
his
repression
of
the
Lombards
in
Italie
,
at
the
Popes
request
,
as
before
mentioned
)
commenced
war
also
against
the
Saxons
,
and
afterwards
against
the
Aquitanians
,
whose
Chieferaine
he
tooke
and
put
to
death
:
not
long
after
,
departing
his
life
,
they
forthwith
rebelled
,
and
King
Charles
his
sonne
with
much
difficultie
and
infinite
toile
,
at
length
made
an
end
of
that
double
warre
.
For
he
was
in
armes
against
the
Saxons
,
full
thirty
three
yeeres
;
during
which
warre
,
hee
made
other
also
:
Bauaria
likewise
with
their
Chiefetaine
Tassilo
,
hee
brought
vnder
his
subiection
,
and
in
two
expeditions
against
the
Lombards
,
marching
into
Campania
,
subdued
all
Italie
,
and
setled
it
with
lawes
;
and
reduced
into
subiection
those
Cities
of
Gallia
,
lying
vpon
the
Ocean
,
which
Caius
Caesar
cals
Armorica
,
but
now
goe
vnder
the
name
of
little
Brittaine
,
which
refused
any
longer
to
pay
yeerely
tribute
to
the
Kings
of
France
.
In
Hispaine
also
whither
hee
made
an
expedition
with
an
Armie
against
the
Saracens
,
victorie
attended
him
:
but
in
his
returne
vpon
the
Pyrene
Mountaines
,
by
a
stratagem
receiued
a
fore
ouerthrow
from
the
[
u
](A09569-e47010-b)
u
Of
Gascoigne
.
Vascones
,
a
people
of
Aquitane
;
notwithstanding
at
last
,
after
eight
yeeres
warre
,
hee
ouerthrew
the
Hunnes
,
then
in
possession
of
Pannonia
,
and
likewise
by
his
Lieutenants
composed
Bohemia
.
And
his
last
warre
was
against
the
Danes
or
[
*
](A09569-e47090-b)
*
For
the
Normans
originally
inhabited
Norway
.
Normans
,
then
with
a
great
Nauie
forraging
the
maritime
coasts
of
Germanie
and
France
.
By
the
atchieuement
of
those
so
famous
exploits
,
he
gained
his
sirname
,
the
Great
.
For
,
whereas
before
him
,
the
French
Kings
onely
held
that
part
of
Germanie
,
lying
betwixt
Saxonie
,
and
the
Riuer
Danow
,
and
betwixt
the
Rhyne
,
and
the
Riuer
Sala
:
to
this
he
added
Sueuia
,
and
Ba●arta
;
all
Saxonie
,
afterwards
both
the
Pannonia's
,
Dacia
,
Istria
,
Ireland
,
and
the
midland
Country
of
Dalmatia
:
whereas
also
the
French
Kings
had
onely
that
part
of
Gallia
,
lying
betwixt
the
Rhyne
and
the
Riuer
Loire
,
betwixt
the
Ocean
and
the
[
x
](A09569-e47300-b)
x
Against
the
Ilands
o●
Maiorq●e
and
Minuerque
.
Balearique
Sea
:
hee
added
all
Aquitania
,
all
the
top
of
the
Pyrene
mountaines
,
to
the
Riuer
Iber
,
and
(
which
should
haue
beene
named
first
)
all
Italie
from
the
Alpes
to
the
furthest
part
of
Calabria
.
And
this
done
,
hee
sets
forward
to
Rome
the
fourth
time
,
where
hee
was
proclaimed
Emperour
Augustus
,
by
Leo
the
Third
,
and
all
the
people
:
after
he
had
raigned
thirty
three
yeeres
.
Thus
the
Romane
Empire
in
the
West
,
rent
almost
into
peece-meales
,
especially
from
that
time
when
the
Emperours
made
choice
of
Constantinople
for
their
Court
and
seat
(
as
appeares
out
of
that
which
we
haue
before
mentioned
:
)
was
by
the
Emperour
Charles
redintigrated
,
and
as
it
were
a
new
bodie
,
re-assumed
beautie
and
feature
,
after
so
many
and
so
great
Prouinces
were
reduced
into
one
mans
principalitie
.
Nicephorus
the
other
Emperour
in
the
East
,
was
much
displeased
hereat
,
but
Charles
by
his
humanitie
and
kindenesse
,
appeased
him
,
and
interchanging
presents
,
both
of
them
liued
in
amitie
:
and
the
certaine
bounds
of
each
Empire
were
set
out
.
Besides
other
assemblies
,
he
had
a
Councell
at
Rhemes
,
wherin
amongst
many
others
,
one
decree
was
,
that
Bishops
should
diligently
peruse
the
holy
Scriptures
,
and
Preach
the
Word
of
God
.
There
was
a
Councell
also
held
at
Mentz
the
yeere
before
his
death
:
and
others
,
some
yeeres
before
,
at
Tours
,
Chaalons
,
and
Arles
,
about
reformation
of
the
Church
,
as
they
deliuer
it
,
that
liued
in
those
times
.
Then
constituting
his
sonne
Lewis
,
heire
of
his
kingdome
and
of
the
Empire
,
died
at
Aix
,
a
towne
in
Gallia
Belgica
,
aged
,
seuenty
yeeres
,
in
the
yeere
after
Christs
birth
,
eight
hundred
and
fourteene
,
after
hee
had
beene
Emperour
almost
fourteene
yeeres
,
the
first
of
any
Germane
aduanced
to
that
dignitie
.
In
his
time
,
there
were
onely
one
and
twenty
Metropolitane
Cities
,
as
they
call
them
,
throughout
Italie
,
Germanie
,
and
France
:
as
Rome
,
Rauenna
,
Millaine
,
Friuly
,
Grado
,
Cullen
,
Mentz
,
Saltzburgh
,
Triers
,
Roane
,
Sens
,
Besanson
,
Lyons
,
Rhemes
,
Orleans
,
Vienna
,
Monstier
,
Iuerdun
,
Burdeaux
,
Tours
,
and
Burges
in
Berry
.
Pipin
his
Father
committed
the
Exarchat
,
taken
from
the
Lombards
,
into
the
Bishops
of
Romes
hands
,
as
aboue
said
,
which
indeed
is
so
deliuered
to
memorie
,
and
it
is
reported
that
hee
directly
gaue
it
to
them
,
but
that
very
many
call
into
question
.
Eginardus
one
very
familiar
with
[
y
](A09569-e47710-b)
y
Charles
.
him
,
and
his
sworne
Scribe
,
writes
,
that
hee
more
dearely
esteemed
of
that
Church
,
which
they
call
S.
Peters
in
Rome
,
then
any
other
,
and
that
a
great
masse
of
gold
,
siluer
,
and
iewels
,
was
transported
thither
,
and
very
many
gifts
sent
from
him
to
the
Popes
:
for
herein
he
vsed
extraordinary
diligence
,
that
by
his
meanes
and
procurement
,
the
Citie
of
Rome
might
inioy
her
ancient
authoritie
,
and
S.
Peters
Church
might
not
onely
remaine
safe
and
secured
vnder
his
patronage
,
but
also
flourish
in
wealth
aboue
other
Churches
:
Thus
much
onely
he
writes
,
but
of
the
donation
of
so
many
and
such
potent
Cities
,
within
the
bounds
of
the
Empire
,
not
a
word
:
nay
,
it
is
written
,
that
after
his
fourth
comming
into
Italie
,
when
hee
was
created
Emperour
,
he
ordered
not
onely
the
publike
affaires
,
but
also
both
ecclesiasticall
and
priuate
,
concerning
the
Pope
,
the
Citie
of
Rome
,
and
all
Italie
.
For
when
he
was
not
yet
Emperour
,
but
onely
King
of
France
,
hauing
vanquished
Desiderius
King
of
the
Lombards
,
as
aboue
said
:
he
came
to
Rome
,
and
had
a
Councell
,
in
which
(
as
their
bookes
relate
)
Adrian
the
first
together
with
the
whole
Councell
,
granted
him
the
right
and
power
of
electing
the
Pope
,
as
also
disposing
of
the
sea
Apostolique
,
as
they
tearme
it
,
and
confirming
Bishops
.
Eginardus
attributes
to
this
Charles
,
many
vertues
worthie
of
a
Prince
,
as
,
temperance
,
modestie
,
frugalitie
,
loue
to
religion
,
learning
,
eloquence
,
and
knowledge
,
not
onely
of
the
Latine
,
but
also
of
the
Greeke
tongue
:
withall
,
his
exceeding
care
and
diligence
in
educating
and
nurturing
vp
his
children
to
the
same
course
.
He
also
,
as
it
is
written
,
founded
the
Academie
of
Paris
,
as
well
of
his
owne
accord
,
as
also
by
the
instigation
of
[
z
](A09569-e47880-b)
z
Commonly
called
Alcoinus
,
an
English
man
,
so
Bede
and
others
.
Albinus
his
Tutor
for
learning
of
the
arts
,
as
Eginardus
reports
.
He
also
gaue
Germane
names
to
the
twelue
moneths
,
and
to
the
windes
,
which
they
now
vse
,
whereas
before
that
time
,
as
the
same
writer
relates
,
the
French
vsed
partly
Latine
,
partly
barbarous
names
.
And
thus
farre
in
Preface-wise
touching
the
Germanes
,
and
the
Emperour
Charles
:
henceforward
i
le
briefly
run
ouer
and
shew
,
after
what
manner
this
part
of
the
Romane
Empire
in
the
West
,
hard
and
sharpe
restored
and
recollected
by
Charles
:
againe
decaied
,
which
being
diuided
,
fell
into
many
mens
dominions
,
who
held
the
same
,
as
their
proper
right
,
not
acknowledging
the
fountaine
from
whence
they
flowed
:
Insomuch
,
as
that
Maiesticall
and
so
much
renowned
sublimitie
of
the
Romane
Empire
,
is
nothing
else
at
this
day
,
then
a
certaine
slender
shadow
of
a
great
bodie
,
after
it
was
shrunk
from
such
an
huge
masse
,
to
Germanie
one
onely
particle
of
Europe
.
Last
of
all
,
i
le
briefly
explaine
,
how
Daniel
foretold
this
interchangeable
course
of
Monarchies
,
and
fall
of
the
Romane
Empire
.
Now
Lewis
,
Charles
his
son
,
Leo
Armenius
,
Emperour
of
Greece
:
and
Pope
Leo
dying
in
the
third
yeere
of
his
raigne
,
his
successor
Stephen
the
IIII.
comming
into
France
,
consecrated
[
a
](A09569-e48190-b)
a
Emperour
.
him
at
Rhemes
To
this
Pope
,
Paschalis
succeeded
,
who
,
(
by
reason
the
Emperour
interposed
not
his
authoritie
)
diligently
and
earnestly
excusing
the
fact
,
alledged
,
that
the
Papacie
was
obtruded
vpon
him
,
altogether
against
his
will
.
The
Papall
bookes
haue
it
,
that
this
Lewis
the
Emperour
,
confirmed
to
this
Paschalis
,
and
to
the
rest
after
him
,
both
the
possession
of
goods
,
and
also
permitted
a
free
election
,
that
whomsoeuer
all
the
Romans
should
iudge
fit
for
that
dignitie
,
he
should
be
accounted
Pope
.
But
I
see
not
what
credence
can
be
giuen
to
such
kinde
of
writings
as
these
:
for
they
so
iarre
amongst
themselues
,
and
are
so
patcht
together
without
all
method
,
that
it
cannot
bee
vnderstood
what
should
follow
.
Lewis
had
three
sonnes
,
Lotharius
whom
hee
elected
Collegue
in
the
Empire
and
his
Kingdome
:
Charles
(
who
succeded
his
deceased
brother
[
b
](A09569-e48290-b)
b
In
France
Pipin
)
he
set
ouer
Aquitania
:
and
Lewis
ouer
Bauaria
.
Vpon
a
rebellion
raised
,
Because
the
place
serues
,
let
vs
by
the
way
,
take
a
view
of
the
many
Nationall
Synods
held
in
France
;
for
next
after
that
beforementioned
at
Aix
▪
there
was
another
at
Troy
in
Champaigne
:
after
that
at
Rhemes
,
Tours
,
Digion
,
Paris
,
Lyons
,
Vienna
,
Auinion
,
Vierron
,
Orleans
,
and
many
more
in
the
same
places
,
for
when
the
affaires
of
the
Common-wealth
so
required
,
the
Kings
themselues
conuocated
aswell
the
States
Ecclesiasticall
as
others
,
for
reforming
of
publike
enormities
.
In
like
manner
Lewis
the
twelth
,
at
bitter
enmity
wi●h
Iulius
the
second
;
assembled
a
Councell
of
his
owne
people
at
Tours
and
Lyons
,
in
the
yeare
of
Grace
,
1510.
and
1511.
Now
to
the
purpose
,
Charles
,
France
,
from
the
Brittish
Ocean
,
and
Pyrene
Mountaines
to
Maze
:
Lotharius
(
besides
that
he
was
Emperour
)
held
Italy
,
and
the
Prouince
of
Narbon
.
To
him
his
sonne
Lewis
the
II.
succeeded
,
Gratians
Centons
,
is
euidently
false
,
for
it
is
attributed
to
Gregory
the
IIII.
whereas
hee
departed
his
life
,
twenty
and
two
yeares
before
Adrian
the
II.
was
made
Pope
.
Did
he
write
a
history
when
hee
was
dead
of
those
things
which
happened
afterwards
?
Nicholas
the
I.
was
the
next
before
Adrian
.
A
very
long
Epistle
of
his
to
Michael
Emperour
of
Greece
,
concerning
his
power
ouer
all
Churches
:
is
extant
.
For
Ignatius
was
remoued
from
his
Bishopricke
at
Constantinople
,
and
Photius
placed
,
without
the
Bishop
of
Romes
consent
:
as
also
the
Images
were
throwne
downe
.
He
therefore
with
all
the
vehemency
hee
could
exclaimes
against
this
.
Many
of
his
decrees
also
are
extant
full
of
Papall
Maiestie
.
Charles
King
of
France
,
as
abouesaid
(
notwithstanding
his
other
elder
brother
Lewis
the
King
of
Germanies
resistance
)
marches
in
all
hast
into
Italy
,
and
is
consecrated
by
Iohn
the
eight
Pope
of
Rome
.
In
his
second
expedition
into
Italy
at
the
Popes
request
,
[
c
](A09569-e49130-b)
c
Poisoned
by
Zedechias
a
Iew.
Mantua
.
His
son
Lewis
surnamed
the
Stammerer
was
his
successour
,
Germany
,
Italy
,
and
France
,
and
chased
out
the
Sarazens
,
who
infested
Italy
:
In
the
time
of
his
raigne
,
the
Hunnes
being
chased
out
of
Scythia
,
breake
into
Pannonia
,
and
marching
into
Germanie
,
(
Lewis
the
III.
Arnolphus
his
son
being
then
Emperour
)
got
a
notable
victory
not
far
from
the
Riuer
Laech
:
and
then
ouerran
Bauaria
,
Sueuia
,
[
d
](A09569-e49610-b)
d
In
Germany
betwixt
Sueuia
and
Hassia
.
Francia
,
and
Saxony
,
with
bloodshed
,
robberies
and
fire
.
Arnolplus
Emperor
,
a
Councell
of
two
and
twenty
Germane
Bishops
,
was
held
at
Triburia
sometimes
a
towne
vpon
the
banke
of
the
Riuer
Maine
,
where
amongst
many
other
,
one
decree
was
,
That
no
man
should
sell
a
burying
place
for
the
dead
,
and
that
no
Layman
,
as
they
call
them
,
should
bee
buried
within
the
Church
.
About
this
time
a
mighty
vproare
,
burst-forth
throughout
Italy
:
For
Berengarius
and
certaine
other
Nobles
of
Italy
,
loaden
with
multiplicity
of
fauours
from
Charles
the
Bald
,
conspired
against
France
,
at
what
time
Charles
the
Grosse
raigned
:
but
their
attempts
there
,
prouing
frustrate
,
they
bend
their
minds
for
Italy
,
which
(
by
long
and
mutuall
conflict
,
as
it
is
common
)
they
harraze
with
mercilesse
outrages
.
At
length
the
victorie
falling
to
Berengarius
,
hee
got
the
Kingdome
of
Italie
,
where
after
hee
had
taken
Lewis
the
Emperour
he
put
out
his
eyes
,
as
histories
relate
.
About
this
time
also
(
that
no
parcell
of
calamity
might
be
wanting
)
the
Sarazens
,
Africans
,
and
Hungars
,
most
outragiously
ouerrunne
Italy
.
Thus
whilst
the
state
of
most
beautifull
Religion
,
vnder
the
Berengarians
,
Hugo
,
Rudolphus
,
Lotharius
,
Albertus
,
and
certaine
others
,
was
so
dolefull
and
miserable
,
and
Lewis
the
Emperor
dying
in
the
time
of
those
broiles
;
the
Germanes
,
but
more
especially
the
Saxons
,
and
Francons
,
proclaime
Otho
Prince
of
the
Saxons
,
and
Thuringes
Emperour
,
but
hee
,
strucken
in
yeares
,
perswades
them
to
take
Conradus
Duke
of
Franconia
,
[
e
](A09569-e50090-b)
e
Because
of
his
great
delight
in
haw●ing
.
Falconer
.
These
two
Emperours
,
Conradus
and
Henry
,
were
not
consecrated
,
as
they
call
it
,
by
the
Bishop
of
Rome
,
and
for
that
cause
are
left
out
by
many
:
moreouer
it
is
written
,
that
this
Henry
neglected
the
Popes
offered
ceremony
of
consecration
,
and
that
hee
should
say
,
that
hee
was
content
with
the
acceptance
and
suffrages
of
good
men
.
Within
a
while
after
this
,
Arnolphus
the
Euill
Duke
of
Bauaria
,
intended
to
bring
about
the
sway
of
gouernment
into
his
owne
hands
:
whereupon
forces
being
mustered
vp
on
both
parts
,
when
both
the
Armies
stood
in
battell
ray
at
Ratisbon
,
the
Emperour
calls
him
out
to
priuate
parley
,
putting
him
in
mind
how
he
was
created
Emperour
by
the
most
part
of
the
people
of
Germany
,
and
dehorting
him
from
ieoparding
the
liues
of
so
many
thousand
men
,
most
whereof
were
innocent
and
ignorant
of
the
cause
of
the
warre
:
changed
his
intention
,
and
so
broke
off
the
battell
.
In
like
manner
Burchardas
Duke
of
Suenia
,
rebelled
,
but
(
shaken
with
the
Emperours
puissance
)
came
to
composition
.
The
Hungars
againe
spoile
Saxony
:
but
after
their
chieftaine
was
taken
,
make
a
nine
yeares
truce
.
The
Emperour
after
this
,
trayning
vp
his
subiects
in
feats
of
Armes
,
vanquishes
the
Dalmenincians
,
takes
the
City
of
Prague
,
together
with
Wenceslaus
Duke
of
Bohemia
,
making
that
countrey
tributary
to
him
.
In
maine
battell
he
ouerthrew
the
Hungars
then
againe
(
after
the
truce
ended
)
breaking
into
Saxony
:
and
distributed
the
tribute
which
the
Saxons
paid
them
,
amongst
the
poore
.
He
intended
to
haue
gone
to
Rome
,
Aditheida
.
Luitholdus
his
sonne
hereat
displeased
,
practises
treacherie
against
him
,
hauing
Coadiutors
euery
where
in
readinesse
to
serue
his
plots
,
and
amongst
the
rest
Conradus
Duke
of
Sueuia
his
sisters
husband
.
But
his
father
besieging
him
at
Ratisbon
,
he
(
first
brought
into
distresse
)
humbly
craues
and
obtaines
pardon
.
After
this
the
Hungars
,
hauing
forraged
France
,
breake
into
Germany
in
greater
multitudes
then
at
any
time
before
,
and
encampe
themselues
neere
Auspurgh
,
on
that
place
,
which
takes
name
from
the
Riuer
Lych.
The
Emperor
marching
thither
with
the
Saxons
,
Franks
,
Sueuians
,
Bauarians
,
and
Bohemians
;
after
a
doubtfull
and
long
battle
put
almost
all
the
enemies
forces
to
the
sword
,
and
caused
some
of
their
Chieftaines
to
bee
hanged
.
Then
returning
into
Saxony
,
after
he
had
setled
the
affaires
there
,
makes
a
new
expedition
into
Italy
:
but
before
his
iourney
constituted
his
sonne
Otho
Collegue
in
the
Empire
.
At
length
arriuing
at
Rome
,
he
assembles
a
Councel
,
where
hee
sate
President
,
and
deposed
Pope
Iohn
the
XII
.
for
his
offences
,
in
whose
place
he
appointed
Leo
,
of
that
name
the
VIII
.
A
decree
of
his
is
extant
incerted
in
the
Papall
Law
,
where
he
sayes
,
that
hee
conferres
to
Otho
the
Emperor
and
to
his
successors
for
euer
,
the
authority
of
choosing
Popes
,
disposing
of
the
See
Apostolike
,
and
confirming
of
Bishops
:
as
also
pronounces
a
most
seuere
punishment
against
those
,
who
(
not
expecting
the
Emperors
approbation
)
consecrate
Bishops
.
See
here
another
Decree
,
contrary
to
some
other
before
.
After
this
there
is
the
forme
of
an
oath
added
,
by
which
(
as
they
report
)
the
Emperor
Otho
bound
himselfe
to
Pope
Iohn
,
but
it
s
not
added
who
this
Pope
Iohn
was
,
nor
of
what
numb●r
●n
name
either
this
Iohn
or
Otho
were
.
And
surely
it
is
wonderfull
that
matters
of
such
importance
and
moment
,
should
be
so
negligently
put
into
writing
.
Now
if
Otho
the
I.
tooke
this
oath
,
then
this
obiection
may
hold
against
him
.
That
whereas
in
this
forme
before-mentioned
,
amongst
other
things
,
he
sweares
not
to
procure
any
danger
to
the
Popes
life
,
nor
to
abrogate
his
honor
and
dignity
:
but
how
can
this
appeare
,
when
as
he
,
as
we
said
before
,
remoued
Iohn
out
of
his
place
,
and
ordained
another
?
Let
him
that
can
reconcile
this
.
Otho
,
by
reason
of
the
new
broiles
,
marches
againe
into
Italy
,
where
hauing
setled
the
affaires
,
and
returning
home
dyed
about
the
beginning
of
May
,
and
was
buried
at
Maidenburg
,
in
the
yeare
of
Grace
,
974.
In
regard
of
his
noble
exploits
,
and
surpassing
prowesse
,
Hee
's
stil'd
the
Great
.
Henry
D.
of
Bauaria
,
rebelled
against
Otho
the
II.
[
*
](A09569-e51040-b)
*
Beaesiciarius
.
Leige-man
of
the
Empire
.
Henry
the
Emperour
(
as
the
Annals
report
)
got
this
Prouince
from
Charles
the
Simple
King
of
France
,
and
entailed
it
to
his
successours
in
order
.
But
Lotharius
displeased
hereat
,
on
a
sudden
leauying
an
Army
,
speedily
meets
him
at
Aix
,
and
had
almost
discomfited
the
Emperour
before
hee
was
aware
.
The
Emperour
to
reuenge
this
affront
,
musters
vp
forces
,
&
marching
on
as
far
as
Paris
,
at
length
(
not
without
great
blood-shed
on
both
sides
)
concludes
a
peace
,
Returning
home
,
and
from
thence
making
an
expedition
to
Rome
,
hee
commenced
warre
against
the
Greekes
,
who
held
Calabria
and
Apulia
:
where
,
after
his
Army
was
defeated
,
he
was
intercepted
by
Pyrats
,
as
he
fled
by
sea
,
but
not
being
knowne
who
he
was
,
they
dismist
him
vpon
a
summe
of
money
paid
in
hand
:
and
so
returning
to
Rome
,
besieges
Beneuento
with
the
remainder
of
his
forces
,
takes
and
sets
fire
on
it
.
And
not
long
after
,
wounded
with
a
dart
in
a
battle
against
the
Greekes
and
Sarazens
,
departed
his
life
,
and
was
buried
at
Rome
.
To
him
his
sonne
Otho
succeeded
by
consent
of
the
Nobility
,
The
Emperour
in
regard
of
the
perpetuall
dissensions
about
succession
in
the
Empire
,
ordained
with
the
Popes
help
:
That
certaine
of
the
prime
Nobility
in
Germanie
should
bee
authorised
with
right
and
power
of
electing
the
Emperours
:
lest
that
any
man
hereafter
should
set
vpon
that
dignity
as
hereditary
.
Robert
then
raigned
in
France
,
a
Prince
that
loued
peace
and
learning
.
The
Annalls
ex●oll
him
for
building
many
Churches
and
amply
endowing
them
,
as
also
going
in
pilgrimage
to
Rome
.
This
Emperor
Otho
granted
to
B●leslaus
Duke
of
Polonia
,
regall
dignity
and
immunity
,
[
g
](A09569-e51540-b)
g
He
was
poisoned
by
a
paire
of
gloues
giuen
him
by
Cresentius
(
aforesaid
)
his
widow
.
Henry
II.
or
the
Lome
,
1001
an.
23.
m.
5.
d.
16.
dyed
.
The
next
Emperour
after
him
,
was
Henry
,
of
that
name
the
II.
Duke
of
Bauaria
,
kinsman
to
Otho
the
great
D.
of
Saxony
,
and
Emperour
.
He
,
hauing
setled
a
peace
in
Germany
,
and
drawne
on
some
of
his
aduersaries
into
amity
by
his
extraordinary
kindnesse
,
and
subdued
other
some
:
marched
into
Italy
,
there
restoring
Apulia
to
the
Empire
,
which
the
Sarazens
had
taken
.
Then
,
after
his
consecration
by
Benedict
the
VII
.
sending
away
his
Army
into
Germany
,
He
himselfe
,
taking
his
iourney
through
the
Sequans
Countrey
,
came
to
an
enterueiw
with
Robert
the
French
King
,
where
a
confirmation
of
amity
was
established
on
both
sides
.
This
Emperour
was
greatly
loued
of
the
Clergie
,
for
hee
was
very
liberall
towards
them
.
After
Henries
decease
,
when
the
Electorall
Princes
could
not
agree
,
there
was
an
interreigne
or
vacancy
a
[
h
](A09569-e51760-b)
h
For
two
yeares
.
Conradus
to
24.
an.
14.
m.
10.
d.
12.
while
.
At
length
Conradus
Duke
of
Franconia
succeeded
.
He
enforced
Stephen
King
of
Hungary
to
conditions
of
peace
.
And
hauing
setled
the
affaires
of
Germany
,
makes
speed
into
Italy
,
which
was
almost
all
ready
to
rebell
;
And
at
first
he
laies
siege
to
Millaine
,
then
going
to
Rome
,
where
consecrated
by
Iohn
the
XVIII
.
hee
's
proclaimed
Augustus
,
with
the
peoples
acclamation
.
Then
impo●ing
a
mulct
vpon
those
that
attempted
the
innouation
,
he
composed
Italy
,
and
returned
into
Germany
.
But
new
troubles
againe
kindling
in
Italy
,
hee
marches
thither
and
punishes
the
Authors
of
that
Conspiracy
,
the
Archbishop
of
Millaine
being
one
amongst
the
rest
,
neither
desisted
hee
till
hee
had
brought
it
all
vnder
his
subiection
.
Hauing
dispatcht
there
,
hee
returnes
home
,
and
dyed
at
Vtrecht
,
a
Towne
vpon
the
frontiers
of
[
i
](A09569-e51960-b)
i
Holland
.
Batauia
.
His
son
Henry
of
that
name
the
III.
succeeded
him
,
by
consent
of
the
Electorall
Princes
.
Hee
supprest
the
Bohemians
then
rebelling
,
and
made
them
tributary
:
re-inthronized
Peter
King
of
Hungary
,
once
or
twice
deposed
by
his
owne
subiects
:
and
quieted
the
whole
Countrey
,
though
not
without
great
losse
of
his
own
men
.
At
this
time
hapned
an
exceeding
great
vpr●
a●e
at
Rome
,
for
Three
contended
for
the
Papacy
,
and
what
they
attempted
was
all
by
sinister
practices
:
those
were
,
Benedict
the
IX
.
Siluester
the
III.
and
Gregory
the
VI.
The
Emperour
hereupon
marching
thither
,
hauing
after
a
siege
,
taken
the
City
,
he
calls
a
Synod
,
and
constitutes
Suitgerus
Bishop
of
Bamberg
Pope
:
who
changing
his
name
,
was
called
Clement
the
II.
from
whom
,
soone
after
the
Pope
receiued
consecration
.
Then
againe
the
Citizens
tooke
oath
not
any
wayes
to
meddle
with
the
Popes
Creation
,
without
the
Emperours
assent
.
Italy
,
thus
set
at
peace
againe
,
soone
after
the
Emperours
returne
into
Germany
,
Pope
Clement
dyed
,
and
was
buryed
at
Bambergh
.
The
Emperor
vpon
notice
hereof
creates
Boppo
Bishop
of
Frisingen
,
Pope
.
This
was
Damasus
the
II.
who
holding
the
place
but
23
dayes
,
Leo
the
IX
.
Bishop
of
Tull
,
supplied
the
deceaseds
place
.
A
certaine
parcell
of
an
Epistle
of
his
is
extant
,
wherin
he
saies
,
it
is
not
lawfull
for
a
Bishop
,
Priest
or
Deacon
,
to
forsake
his
wife
for
Religion
sake
,
but
it
is
fit
they
should
find
her
with
such
necessaries
as
belong
to
naturall
sustentation
:
notwithstanding
,
in
case
she
vse
carnall
copulation
,
it
is
not
lawfull
:
sithence
Paul
saies
,
He
had
power
aswell
as
the
other
Apostles
,
to
lead
about
a
wife
;
lead
about
,
and
not
lye
with
.
In
the
yeare
1050
,
Leo
going
from
Rome
,
assembled
a
Councell
of
42.
Bishops
,
at
Mentz
,
wherein
the
Emperor
sare
President
.
He
dying
within
three
yeares
after
,
Gebehardus
Bishop
of
Aisten
,
by
the
Emperours
assent
,
succeeded
him
:
this
was
Victor
the
II.
The
Emperour
marching
into
Italy
,
after
hee
had
setled
the
affaires
there
,
returnes
into
Germanie
comes
to
treaty
with
Henry
,
the
first
of
that
name
,
King
of
France
,
dyes
in
Saxonie
,
and
was
buried
at
Spire
,
the
Pope
and
many
other
Nobles
being
present
at
his
death
.
He
had
a
sonne
called
Henry
,
very
[
k
](A09569-e52430-b)
k
Seuen
yeares
old
.
Henry
IIII
1056.
An.
49.
m.
10.
d.
3.
yong
,
but
was
constituted
Emperour
a
little
before
:
notwithstanding
,
his
Mother
and
the
Bishop
of
Auspurge
gouerned
the
Empire
.
Within
a
while
after
Pope
Victor
the
II.
dyes
,
after
hee
had
held
the
Papacy
little
aboue
two
yeares
.
To
him
,
Fredericke
of
the
house
of
Lorraine
,
called
Stephen
the
IX
.
succeeded
.
Hee
also
within
few
moneths
after
dying
at
Florence
:
One
Benedict
,
of
that
name
the
X.
by
helpe
of
his
friends
,
and
without
the
Emperours
assent
,
sets
vpon
the
Papacie
.
The
Romans
liked
not
well
of
this
prancke
,
who
,
to
acquit
themselues
,
dispatching
their
Ambassadour
to
the
Emperour
,
proffer
the
same
fidelitie
to
him
,
which
they
had
performed
to
his
Father
,
and
intreat
him
to
constitute
a
lawfull
Pope
;
Benedict
hereupon
depriued
,
the
Emperour
gaue
them
Gerhardus
Bishop
of
Florence
,
this
was
Nicholas
the
II.
The
Princes
of
Germanie
grudged
much
,
that
the
Common-wealth
should
be
gouerned
by
a
woman
,
the
Emperou●s
mother
,
as
aboue
said
:
vpon
which
occasion
,
a
meane
was
inuented
to
draw
away
her
sonne
from
her
:
whereupon
the
Archbishop
of
Mentz
and
Cullen
had
the
prime
managing
of
all
affaires
:
to
them
the
Archbishop
of
Bremen
,
one
in
exceeding
great
fauour
with
the
young
Prince
,
was
now
and
then
conioyned
,
who
alone
ouer-ruling
him
,
disposes
of
Ecclesiasticall
promotions
to
himselfe
and
his
friends
,
especially
Abbeies
:
and
to
keepe
the
flame
of
enuy
lower
,
perswades
the
Emperour
to
conferre
them
likewise
vpon
other
Princes
.
In
the
meane
space
,
Nicholas
the
II.
dies
,
in
whose
place
the
Emperour
constitutes
the
Bishop
of
Parma
:
but
hauing
not
at
all
acquainted
the
Senate
of
Rome
herewith
,
and
in
that
regard
some
troubles
likely
to
insue
:
Alexander
the
II.
Bishop
of
Luca
was
elected
.
Betwixt
those
two
,
a
sharpe
controuersie
followed
,
but
Alexander
hauing
the
longer
sword
,
carried
it
.
The
Archbishop
of
Bremen
onely
bearing
all
sway
with
the
Emperour
,
incensed
his
fellow
Bishops
against
him
,
by
whom
at
length
he
was
depriued
:
and
though
shortly
after
restored
to
his
place
,
yet
hee
long
suruiued
it
not
.
And
the
Emperour
,
(
necessity
constraining
him
)
sith
all
in
a
manner
complained
of
the
state
of
the
Common-wealth
:
requested
Anno
Archbishop
of
Cullen
,
to
vndertake
the
Gouernement
.
But
he
,
seeing
insolencie
and
iniquitie
,
bore
great
sway
,
excusing
his
age
and
sicklinesse
,
afterwards
resignes
vp
his
office
to
him
.
This
young
Emperour
now
grown
to
two
and
twenty
,
being
by
nature
prone
to
vice
,
beganne
to
increase
his
lasciuiousnesse
,
and
despising
his
wife
Bertha
,
kept
many
Concubines
.
Then
raising
Castles
all
ouer
Saxony
,
intended
to
bring
them
into
seruitude
,
and
restrained
not
his
officers
,
who
vsed
much
excesse
and
insolencie
.
Hereupon
the
Saxons
,
as
well
the
Nobilitie
as
Clergie
,
knitting
a
league
,
betooke
themselues
to
Armes
,
in
vindication
of
their
libertie
:
which
,
after
much
adoe
,
and
long
intercession
,
they
lay
downe
againe
,
he
first
satisfying
their
demands
,
and
making
a
narrow
escape
by
flight
in
the
night
time
.
Alexander
the
II.
dying
,
the
Romane
Nobilitie
,
without
the
Emperours
assent
,
set
vp
Hildebrand
,
called
Gregory
,
of
that
name
the
VII
.
The
Emperour
vpon
notice
hereof
,
expostulates
with
them
by
his
Ambassadours
,
and
withall
admonishes
the
Pope
to
giue
him
satisfaction
herein
.
Hee
makes
answer
,
that
hee
was
drawne
to
it
against
his
will
,
and
when
hee
neuer
dreamt
of
it
,
and
that
he
would
not
haue
beene
inaugurated
before
Hee
,
and
the
rest
of
the
Princes
of
Germany
had
approued
of
his
election
.
Thus
hee
appeased
the
Emperour
,
and
was
afterward
by
his
consent
,
confirmed
.
Then
dispatching
his
Legates
into
Germanie
to
certaine
Bishops
,
willed
them
to
assemble
in
Councell
:
but
they
refused
it
,
alledging
,
that
it
was
contrary
to
the
custome
and
priuiledge
of
their
Nation
.
This
designe
miscarying
,
He
in
some
certaine
Councels
held
in
Italy
,
decrees
,
That
Massing
Priests
shall
haue
no
wiues
but
shall
dismisse
them
,
or
else
leaue
their
places
;
sending
this
his
decree
to
the
Bishops
in
Germanie
,
vrges
earnestly
,
vnder
a
penalty
denounced
,
to
haue
it
established
:
but
the
Clergy
,
as
they
call
them
,
and
whole
streame
of
Massing-Priests
,
stiffely
reclaime
calling
him
an
heritike
,
that
propounds
such
doctrine
;
sithence
Christs
words
are
,
That
all
should
not
receiue
this
word
.
They
that
cannot
containe
let
them
marrie
:
He
neuerthelesse
,
as
before
,
sending
his
agents
,
pressing
it
on
,
and
standing
stiffely
vpon
it
,
the
Archbishop
of
Mentz
began
to
hearken
to
him
;
who
at
first
gently
admonishes
those
in
his
inrisdiction
,
and
afterwards
assembling
a
Councell
at
Erphord
,
would
flatly
inioyne
them
,
but
an
vproare
arising
,
he
escaped
death
very
narrowly
.
The
Emperour
in
the
mean
time
,
to
reuenge
the
ignominie
,
recei●ed
the
precedent
yeare
,
when
,
besieged
by
the
Saxons
,
hee
wrought
out
his
safety
by
flight
in
the
night
time
:
makes
readie
for
warre
,
and
violating
the
league
,
which
he
had
made
the
yeere
before
,
musters
vp
all
the
forces
hee
could
possibly
make
,
and
in
the
moneth
of
Iuly
,
setting
vpon
the
Saxons
(
who
by
their
frequent
Ambassadours
had
,
but
in
vaine
,
solicited
him
for
peace
)
discomfits
them
in
many
battels
,
not
without
great
l●sse
of
his
owne
men
,
no
small
number
of
the
prime
Nobilitie
being
then
slaine
.
Pursuing
his
victorie
,
hee
harrazes
their
country
faire
and
wide
,
and
by
his
Ambassadors
,
exhorts
them
to
yeeld
:
willing
them
to
hope
for
all
fauour
from
his
benignitie
:
but
that
failed
,
though
a
certaine
few
obeied
.
Bucco
Bishop
of
Halberstadt
,
and
Otho
Duke
of
Bauaria
,
banished
by
the
Emperour
,
had
the
chiefe
mannaging
of
this
warre
.
The
Archbishop
of
Mentz
againe
solicited
by
Gregory
the
VII
.
assembles
another
Councell
,
and
makes
a
new
proposall
about
the
Clergies
not
marrying
:
but
was
entertained
in
like
manner
as
before
,
and
stood
in
great
hazard
of
his
life
,
whereupon
he
thought
it
his
best
course
,
vtterly
to
lay
off
this
designe
.
The
Saxons
thus
put
to
flight
,
the
Emperour
dismisses
his
forces
,
and
the
auxiliarie
Princes
:
but
vpon
condition
,
that
they
should
againe
present
themselues
in
armes
before
him
,
on
the
two
and
twentieth
day
of
October
following
.
When
that
day
came
,
a
great
many
appeared
,
and
amongst
them
,
many
Bishops
,
but
not
so
many
in
number
as
before
.
There
againe
the
Saxons
send
their
Ambassadours
for
peace
,
in
camping
themselues
at
Northausen
.
The
Emperour
sends
them
answer
,
that
one
way
to
peace
,
was
to
yeeld
themselues
:
so
they
,
though
seeming
rather
to
doe
any
thing
then
this
,
yet
certaine
Princes
(
which
were
sent
as
Intercessors
and
Ambassadors
from
the
Emperour
)
promising
them
very
largely
,
that
they
should
not
thereby
incurre
any
indammagement
either
of
liberty
or
goods
:
at
length
assented
,
and
the
Bishop
of
Maidenburgh
,
and
Halberstadt
,
Otho
Duke
of
Bauaria
,
Magnus
Duke
of
Saxony
,
and
Fredericke
Count
Palatine
,
yeelded
themselues
into
his
hands
:
and
likewise
,
soone
after
,
many
of
the
rest
of
the
Nobilitie
.
The
Emperour
at
first
commits
them
to
custodie
,
not
without
fauour
:
but
afterwards
flying
from
his
promise
,
caused
them
to
be
carried
into
seuerall
places
,
how
bee
it
,
not
long
after
,
hee
set
Duke
Otho
not
onely
at
liberty
,
but
also
intreated
him
very
familiarly
,
but
for
the
rest
,
both
kept
them
prisoners
,
and
gaue
their
goods
for
a
prey
to
others
.
Then
raising
new
Castles
and
Forts
,
wholly
bends
himselfe
against
the
safetie
and
libertie
of
the
Saxons
,
and
in
his
absence
committed
the
whole
charge
of
gouernement
to
Otho
Duke
of
Bauaria
,
by
parentage
descended
from
the
Saxons
.
After
this
,
hee
conftituted
a
Bishop
at
Bambergh
,
as
also
at
Cullen
,
and
an
Abbot
at
Fulden
.
Now
a
little
before
this
,
hee
was
accused
to
the
Pope
,
and
most
especially
for
selling
Ecclesiasticall
promotions
.
Whereupon
the
Pope
,
by
his
Legate
,
cites
him
to
make
his
appearance
at
Rome
,
within
a
certaine
time
,
and
to
giue
his
answer
in
the
cause
.
But
he
cals
a
Synod
of
Bishops
and
Abbots
at
Wormbs
:
there
it
is
decreed
,
that
the
Pope
,
for
that
he
came
to
the
Papacie
by
sinister
meanes
,
should
bee
depriued
of
his
place
,
&
forthwith
publishes
this
at
Rome
,
by
his
Ambassadors
.
alias
Hildebrand
an.
1076.
But
the
Pope
not
a
whit
moued
hereat
,
both
excommunicates
him
,
and
also
more
especially
,
the
Bishops
of
Mentz
,
Vtrecht
,
and
Bambergh
,
hauing
formerly
excommunicated
certaine
of
his
familiar
friends
,
by
whose
counsell
hee
supposed
him
to
haue
beene
drawne
on
to
this
practise
.
Furthermore
,
the
Princes
of
Germany
decpely
offended
at
the
Emperours
demeanour
and
disposition
:
especially
for
that
,
contrary
to
his
promise
,
hee
persecuted
the
Saxons
with
so
obstinate
hatred
,
conspire
against
him
,
and
so
much
the
rather
,
because
he
was
interdicted
the
Church
.
Whereupon
they
dismisse
the
surrendred
prisoners
,
(
the
custodie
whereof
was
committed
to
them
by
the
Emperour
)
iudging
them
not
to
bee
tied
to
him
in
any
bond
of
allegiance
.
At
the
same
time
certaine
Nobles
in
Saxonie
,
stirring
vp
,
and
drawing
on
others
into
their
partie
,
surprise
those
Castles
euery
where
raised
,
some
by
force
and
command
,
other
some
by
dedition
;
and
dismisse
the
Garisons
in
safetie
,
first
binding
them
by
oath
,
neuer
after
to
beare
Armes
against
Saxonie
.
The
Emperour
vpon
notice
hereof
,
in
subtle
policie
,
sets
at
libertie
the
rest
of
the
imprisoned
Princes
,
to
the
end
that
they
,
returning
into
Saxonie
,
might
doe
him
faithfull
seruice
in
punishing
the
Rebels
:
for
hee
saw
there
was
no
other
meanes
to
bring
about
his
wished
successe
,
with
more
facilitie
,
then
by
kindling
factions
amongst
them
,
and
renting
one
from
another
,
but
the
euent
was
not
correspondent
:
for
they
,
after
their
returne
home
,
well
acquainted
with
his
qualities
,
with
ioynt
mindes
&
might
resolued
to
fight
for
the
common
liehrtie
;
and
Duke
Otho
also
,
forsaking
him
,
did
the
like
:
yet
the
Emperour
was
full
fraught
with
good
hope
,
hauing
broken
through
Bohemia
,
into
the
Country
of
Campania
aided
with
Bohemian
forces
:
but
when
he
was
certified
of
the
Saxons
coniunction
,
and
their
Armie
in
readinesse
,
despairing
victory
,
retires
.
Then
at
length
the
Princes
of
Germanie
,
appointing
the
day
,
met
together
in
great
abundance
:
thither
also
repaires
the
Popes
Legate
,
who
vnfolding
the
causes
of
the
Emperours
excommunication
,
exhorted
them
to
create
another
,
which
otherwise
they
were
about
to
doe
of
their
owne
accord
:
for
,
making
a
rehearsall
of
his
life
,
euen
from
his
tender
yeeres
,
they
pronounced
him
to
be
the
blemish
,
dishonour
,
and
reproach
of
the
Empire
;
and
decreed
,
that
(
in
regard
he
had
afflicted
the
Common-wealth
with
most
grieuous
calamities
)
hee
should
bee
depriued
of
his
gouernement
.
He
,
brought
into
these
straights
,
beganne
to
deprecate
and
intreat
by
his
Ambassadours
,
when
after
much
adoe
this
condition
was
proposed
.
That
he
should
stand
to
iudgement
,
and
subiect
himselfe
to
the
Popes
cognizance
,
whom
they
would
send
for
to
Auspurge
against
the
first
day
of
February
.
That
hee
should
procure
his
absolution
within
a
yeere
after
the
date
of
the
excommunication
,
wherein
if
he
failed
,
the
whole
cause
should
fall
:
dismisse
his
forces
:
In
the
mean
time
liue
at
Spire
,
as
a
priuate
man
,
with
a
small
traine
:
not
meddle
in
any
publike
affaires
,
nor
assume
the
[
k
](A09569-e53560-b)
k
Bundles
of
rods
vsed
in
antient
time
to
be
carried
before
the
Roman
Consuls
.
fasces
,
or
Imperiall
Ornaments
,
till
the
controuersie
were
lawfully
decided
.
Hee
accepts
the
conditions
,
and
whilest
he
liued
at
Spire
,
bethought
himselfe
of
going
downe
into
Italie
,
to
worke
his
mature
peace
with
the
Pope
.
Taking
his
iourney
together
with
his
wife
and
little
sonne
,
through
Burgundie
and
Sauoy
,
in
a
most
sharpe
winter
,
not
without
extreame
difficultie
and
danger
of
life
:
at
length
arriues
in
Italie
,
where
he
was
kindely
enter●ained
,
by
the
Nobles
and
Bishops
of
that
Country
,
they
thinking
that
he
came
thither
,
incenst
with
anger
against
the
Pope
.
The
Pope
in
the
interim
,
at
the
request
of
the
Germane
Princes
,
began
his
iourney
,
comming
on
some
part
,
till
hee
vnderstood
of
the
Emperours
arriuall
.
Whereupon
hee
staies
to
acquaint
himselfe
with
the
state
of
the
cause
.
The
Emperour
forthwith
sending
a
sumptuous
Embassie
,
wherein
were
some
gallant
Ladies
,
amongst
which
,
one
was
accounted
somewhat
too
obsequious
to
the
Pope
:
makes
suite
to
the
Pope
for
his
absolution
:
at
first
he
seemed
very
loath
,
and
said
hee
could
doe
nothing
therein
,
except
the
accusers
were
present
:
but
after
much
adoe
,
ouercommed
at
length
with
intreaties
,
hee
refused
not
.
Howbeit
the
Emperour
before
hee
came
into
the
Popes
presence
,
staied
full
three
daies
in
the
lower
roomes
,
court
yard
,
and
without
the
gates
,
where
the
Pope
then
was
:
being
clad
in
meane
and
simple
apparrell
,
without
any
regall
ornaments
,
bare
foot
,
and
fasting
from
morne
to
night
.
The
fourth
day
hauing
admittance
,
the
Pope
propounds
to
him
these
conditions
:
that
hee
should
stand
to
his
iudgement
,
answer
the
Princes
their
accusation
,
and
if
conuicted
,
leaue
his
Empire
,
and
neuer
afterwards
attempt
any
reuenge
:
in
the
meane
time
liue
as
a
priuate
man
,
and
not
meddle
in
any
publike
affaires
,
release
his
subiects
from
their
loyaltie
and
oath
:
remoue
from
him
his
Councellors
and
familiars
:
in
case
hee
shall
doe
any
thing
to
the
contrary
,
that
benefit
now
granted
him
to
become
void
,
and
the
Princes
to
haue
free
libertie
,
presently
thereupon
to
choose
them
another
.
When
the
Emperour
had
approoued
of
these
conditions
,
the
Pope
saies
Masse
,
and
to
purge
himselfe
from
all
pretended
crime
,
takes
the
vnleauened
bread
,
which
they
call
the
Lords
Body
,
inuocating
fearefull
execrations
vpon
his
owne
head
and
estate
,
if
all
these
troubles
were
not
wrought
by
his
aduersaries
:
and
then
he
exhorts
the
Emperour
(
if
he
thought
the
crimes
obiected
against
him
by
the
Princes
,
were
false
,
or
any
iniury
offered
him
)
to
doe
the
like
,
and
take
the
other
part
of
the
consecrated
bread
:
but
hee
excused
himselfe
,
shewing
that
hee
could
not
conueniently
doe
it
,
and
the
Pope
vrged
him
no
further
,
but
entertained
him
with
a
banquet
,
and
so
courteously
dismist
him
.
The
Nobles
of
Italie
vnderstanding
of
those
proceedings
,
were
vehemently
vext
,
that
hee
should
submit
himselfe
so
basely
and
ignobly
to
him
,
who
by
most
lewd
practices
had
set
vpon
the
Papacie
,
who
had
polluted
all
places
with
bloodshed
and
adultery
.
In
him
(
being
the
Patron
of
Iustice
,
the
Altar
and
Bulwarke
of
lawes
)
they
had
grounded
all
their
hopes
,
and
had
not
onely
contemned
the
excommunication
,
but
also
for
his
sake
affronted
the
Pope
in
bitter
enmitie
:
and
now
,
for
him
,
by
this
,
directly
the
most
dishonourable
of
examples
,
to
brand
the
Empire
to
all
posterity
,
with
this
so
deepe
and
indelible
infamie
,
and
come
in
fauour
againe
with
him
,
the
publike
enemie
both
to
Church
&
Common-wealth
.
Thus
,
and
much
more
after
this
manner
they
chafed
,
and
were
minded
to
elect
the
Emperours
little
sonne
,
carry
him
to
Rome
,
and
depose
the
Pope
.
The
Emperour
herewith
acquainted
,
saw
no
meanes
likelier
to
pacifie
them
,
then
by
fleeing
from
the
league
,
and
ioyning
with
them
;
which
fact
quite
confounded
the
Popes
plots
,
insomuch
as
hee
was
inforced
to
breake
off
his
intended
iourney
into
Germanie
.
And
which
was
next
to
be
done
,
by
his
Legates
,
signifies
to
the
Princes
of
Germanie
;
how
matters
stood
,
and
withal
exhorts
them
to
haue
a
care
of
the
Common-wealth
.
This
was
in
the
yeere
,
1077.
They
therefore
create
Rudolphus
,
Duke
of
Sueuia
,
Emperour
,
whom
the
Archbishop
of
Mentz
consecrates
.
But
Henry
returning
into
Germanie
,
musters
vp
forces
:
Rudolphus
doth
the
like
,
who
chiefly
relied
vpon
and
from
the
Saxons
;
but
in
the
third
conflict
receiuing
a
deadly
[
l
](A09569-e53790-b)
l
His
right
hand
was
strucke
off
in
battell
,
and
being
brought
to
him
,
lying
vpon
his
death
bed
,
he
cried
out
,
saying
;
This
is
the
hand
wherwith
J
confirmed
my
promised
loyaltie
to
the
Emperour
,
&c.
wound
,
departed
his
life
.
Presently
after
this
victory
,
the
Emperour
cals
a
Diet
at
Brescia
:
there
a
decree
passed
by
the
Bishops
then
present
,
as
well
Italians
as
Germanes
,
that
Gregory
was
not
lawful
Bishop
of
Rome
:
whereupon
Victor
the
II.
Archbishop
of
Rauenna
,
was
appointed
in
his
place
:
vpon
this
decree
the
Emperour
hastens
to
Rome
,
besieges
Gregory
,
who
at
length
escapes
by
flight
:
and
then
confirmes
Victor
the
II.
by
whom
he
is
consecrated
.
Gregory
the
next
Pope
after
him
,
dying
,
Vrbane
the
II.
at
Gergoie
,
a
towne
of
the
Aruernes
,
vulgarly
called
Claremont
,
where
there
was
a
meeting
of
many
Princes
:
perswades
Philip
,
of
that
name
the
first
,
then
King
of
France
,
to
the
Sarazen
warre
:
of
which
,
afterwards
,
Godfrey
.
Duke
of
Bulloigne
,
went
Leader
,
who
had
much
happy
successe
,
and
recouered
Ierusalem
.
Paschal
the
II.
Vrbans
successor
,
was
troublesome
also
to
the
Emperour
,
who
for
that
cause
intending
to
goe
downe
into
Italie
,
first
assignes
his
sonne
for
his
successor
.
But
he
,
prickt
forward
by
others
,
and
forgetting
that
dutie
ingrafted
in
vs
by
nature
,
droue
his
Father
into
extreame
distresse
;
hauing
the
Pope
and
very
many
Princes
of
Germanie
,
his
Complices
,
both
in
councell
and
in
the
fact
.
And
hereupon
hee
was
created
Emperour
,
of
that
name
the
V.
his
Father
afterwards
dying
miserably
at
Leige
.
Some
few
yeeres
after
,
hee
marches
into
Italie
with
a
great
Armie
,
to
make
an
end
of
the
controuersie
,
betwixt
the
Common-wealth
of
the
Empire
and
the
Papacie
,
and
hewing
out
his
way
with
his
sword
,
at
length
,
arriues
at
Rome
.
Now
from
Constantines
time
,
the
Emperours
had
the
collation
of
Ecclesiasticall
honours
and
dignities
:
but
the
Popes
growne
more
wealthie
,
at
length
greatly
repined
hereat
,
as
a
thing
vnmeet
;
and
from
this
fountaine
issued
almost
all
the
iarres
betwixt
them
.
Now
this
Emperour
standing
vpon
his
owne
right
and
power
,
a
great
tumult
arose
at
Rome
,
in
so
much
as
the
Emperour
raised
vp
in
the
night
,
was
constrained
to
aide
his
owne
men
,
who
fell
by
the
sword
,
all
the
Citie
ouer
.
But
these
factious
persons
once
supprest
,
he
takes
Paschal
the
II.
and
dismist
him
not
,
till
he
had
giuen
him
satisfaction
by
entring
into
a
league
:
but
after
the
Emperour
was
returned
into
Germanie
,
the
Pope
flies
off
from
the
league
,
To
Henry
the
V.
Lotharius
,
Innocent
the
II.
was
then
Pope
of
Rome
.
Him
Anacletus
resisted
:
to
whom
,
because
he
was
descended
from
noble
parentage
,
Innocent
was
forced
to
yeeld
,
but
imploring
the
Emperors
ayde
,
was
restored
.
The
Emperour
returnes
into
Germany
,
where
hauing
se●led
the
affaires
,
hee
marches
downe
againe
into
Italy
with
a
mighty
Army
,
subdues
some
Cities
then
in
rebellion
,
and
amongst
the
rest
Ancona
and
Spoleti
,
chased
Roger
King
of
Sicilie
out
of
Apulia
and
Campania
,
and
(
as
fame
speakes
of
him
)
scarce
any
Emperor
since
Charles
the
Great
,
archieued
more
worthy
exploits
throughout
Italy
.
It
is
written
that
then
also
,
the
ciuill
law
which
as
we
mentioned
,
was
collected
by
Iustinian
the
Emperors
command
,
hauing
been
borne
downe
by
stormes
of
warre
,
was
brought
to
light
againe
.
Conradus
D.
of
Suenia
,
succeeded
him
:
At
length
the
Emperour
marching
out
against
the
Sarazens
,
lost
his
army
,
and
returnes
home
:
from
whence
intending
to
goe
downe
into
Italy
,
hauing
all
in
readinesse
,
dyed
at
Bamberg
.
[
m
](A09569-e54980-b)
m
Commonly
called
Barbarossa
.
Frederick
Barbarossa
1152.
an.
38.
m.
3.
d.
7
Frederick
Aenobarb
or
Red-beard
,
Duke
of
Sueiua
,
of
that
name
the
first
,
succeeded
him
,
a
man
of
heroicke
spirit
.
He
in
the
beginning
of
his
raigne
,
made
a
peace
among
the
Princes
of
Germanie
,
and
ended
the
controuersie
about
Saxony
and
Bauaria
,
afterwards
with
a
maine
Army
,
marches
downe
into
Italy
:
sets
a
mulct
vpon
the
Veronesses
,
who
had
contemned
him
:
and
for
example
sake
hangs
some
of
the
chiefe
vpon
gallowes
.
He
commanded
a
Court
of
Guard
to
bee
kept
about
him
neare
Placentia
,
by
all
the
Leige-Princes
of
the
Empire
:
besieges
Millaine
,
rases
Asta
,
and
layes
Deitona
leuell
with
the
ground
.
Going
to
Rome
is
consecrated
by
Adrian
the
IIII.
suppresses
the
rebellious
Citizens
,
subuerts
Spoleti
,
and
made
a
great
slaughter
:
subdues
the
Lombards
,
and
hauing
broken
the
snares
laid
for
him
by
the
Veronesses
,
returnes
into
Germany
,
inflict
an
ignominious
mulct
vpon
the
Prince
Palatine
,
who
in
his
abscence
had
raised
some
commotions
:
In
the
meane
space
the
Millanois
,
practised
many
insolent
outrages
against
their
neighbours
,
and
againe
reared
vp
Deitona
,
demollshed
by
the
Emperour
:
whereupon
hee
,
returning
with
a
strong
army
,
sacks
Millaine
,
by
the
ayde
of
the
Cremonesses
,
Pauians
and
Nouarians
.
The
City
thus
taken
,
the
multitude
,
at
the
Princes
of
Germanie
their
intercession
(
to
whom
they
had
petitioned
)
was
spared
.
All
Lombardy
was
reduced
into
his
subiection
:
from
hence
(
hauing
setled
the
City
with
Lawes
)
hee
remoues
to
other
people
thereabouts
.
After
his
returne
they
rebell
,
contemne
the
Lawes
by
him
established
,
and
demolish
the
Forts
by
him
raised
:
whereupon
againe
marching
thither
;
he
harrazes
the
whole
Country
,
and
rases
all
places
within
their
Dominions
.
In
the
meane
space
,
mortall
conspiracies
were
in
hatching
against
him
all
Italy
ouer
:
in
which
Pope
Adrian
before-mentioned
,
was
one
:
who
,
as
soone
as
hee
had
absolutely
resolued
to
excommunicate
him
[
a
](A09569-e55360-b)
a
Drinking
of
water
wherein
a
flie
were
drowned
.
dyed
.
The
Emperour
marching
into
Italy
the
third
time
vtterly
euerts
Millaine
,
puts
the
Author
of
the
rebellion
to
death
,
and
compells
the
rest
of
the
multitude
to
goe
into
exile
:
then
besieging
the
City
of
Rome
,
lost
a
great
part
of
his
Army
by
contagious
sicknes
.
For
that
cause
raising
his
siege
,
and
placing
garisons
throughout
Hetruria
:
setting
ouer
at
Spoleti
,
Ancona
,
and
Rauenna
,
such
as
hee
pleased
should
gouerne
the
Common-wealth
,
he
returnes
into
Germany
.
Pope
Adrian
dying
,
two
contend
for
the
Papacy
,
Victor
and
Alexander
the
III.
the
Emperour
being
absent
,
who
indeed
enclined
more
to
Victor
:
but
Alexander
first
excommunicates
his
Competitour
,
and
afterwards
(
the
dissention
increasing
)
the
[
b
](A09569-e55510-b)
b
Afterwards
when
the
Emperour
came
to
him
to
Venice
for
his
absolution
,
the
Pope
trode
vpon
his
necke
,
and
caused
that
place
in
the
Psalmist
to
bee
sung
;
Thou
shalt
tread
vpon
the
Aspe
and
Basilisk
,
&c.
The
Emperour
exclaiming
that
he
did
not
this
honour
to
him
but
to
S.
Peter
,
the
Pope
replied
,
To
me
and
to
Peter
too
.
Emperour
also
.
The
Millanois
perceiuing
this
occasion
breake
into
rebellion
,
and
in
many
places
in
Italy
expell
the
Emperous
Deputies
,
hanging
some
of
them
vpon
gallowes
.
The
Emperour
hereupon
returning
into
Italy
fought
a
hazardous
battle
with
them
.
The
Pope
was
Copartner
in
the
warre
,
who
fled
to
Venice
.
At
length
when
peace
was
concluded
by
truce
,
he
makes
an
expedition
into
Asia
,
against
the
Enemies
of
the
Christian
Religion
,
where
going
into
a
Riuer
to
wash
himselfe
,
was
by
force
of
the
streame
ouerwhelmed
and
drowned
.
His
sonne
Henry
,
[
n
](A09569-e55830-b)
n
Falling
into
a
burning
feuer
by
a
poysoned
potion
,
giuen
him
(
as
it
was
supposed
)
by
his
wife
.
life
.
Fredericke
his
son
,
being
as
aforesaid
,
in
respect
of
his
age
,
but
a
Childe
,
all
men
in
a
manner
deemed
it
fitter
to
take
his
vncle
Philip
:
but
Innocent
the
III.
Pope
of
Rome
,
most
vehemently
withstood
that
.
Howbeit
the
Princes
disagreeing
in
their
choice
,
when
some
would
create
Philip
,
others
Otho
Duke
of
Saxony
,
a
great
vproare
thereupon
ensued
,
especially
about
the
coast
of
the
Rhyne
:
But
Philip
partly
by
force
of
Armes
,
partly
by
his
exceeding
humanity
,
drew
on
his
aduersaries
into
subiection
,
and
forthwith
made
his
peace
with
the
Pope
whom
by
experience
he
had
found
a
bitter
Enemy
.
Not
long
after
,
Sicilie
,
Frederick
the
King
thereof
,
Henry
the
VI.
his
sonne
,
to
whom
,
(
as
a
little
aboue
it
is
mentioned
)
they
had
giuen
allegiance
,
being
then
an
Infant
.
Him
the
Emperour
Otho
meets
with
an
Army
at
the
Rhyne
to
stop
his
passage
,
but
was
discomfited
,
and
returning
into
Saxony
,
dyed
,
as
it
was
supposed
,
of
griefe
.
Frederick
Aenobarb
or
Red-Beard
,
by
his
sonne
.
Innocent
the
III.
before
spoken
of
,
had
a
Councell
at
Rome
,
called
the
Laterane
,
there
amongst
others
,
those
decrees
passed
.
That
the
Chrisme
and
Eucharist
,
which
they
call
the
Hoast
,
should
bee
kept
vnder
Locke
and
Key
.
That
a
priuate
confession
of
sinnes
should
bee
made
once
euery
yeare
.
That
an
election
made
by
the
ciuill
Magistrate
,
in
spirituall
promotions
,
should
be
of
no
force
.
That
those
of
Ecclesiasticall
Order
should
not
,
without
cause
,
promise
fealtie
to
those
that
are
called
Lay-men
.
That
the
Lawes
made
by
Princes
should
not
preiudice
Churches
.
That
Ecclesiasticall
persons
should
bee
exempted
from
all
contribution
.
That
Tribute
should
not
be
paid
before
Tenths
.
That
the
Reliques
of
Saints
,
should
not
be
showne
forth
of
a
Casket
.
About
these
Decrees
there
followed
a
great
dissention
,
betwixt
the
Greekes
and
Latines
.
for
the
Greekes
would
not
touch
those
Altars
whereon
the
Latines
had
offered
vp
the
Hoast
,
till
they
had
washed
and
expiated
them
,
as
also
of
a
new
baptized
those
whom
the
Latines
had
baptized
.
Hereupon
it
was
decreed
that
they
shold
returne
to
their
mother
Church
of
Rome
,
whereby
there
might
be
one
Fold
,
and
one
Shepheard
:
in
case
they
obeyed
not
,
to
bee
(
after
excommunication
)
degraded
from
their
Order
.
The
Emperor
goes
to
Rome
,
and
is
consecrated
by
Honorius
the
third
.
Hee
subdued
those
Rebells
,
which
were
spred
all
ouer
Italy
,
and
proscribes
some
of
them
.
Many
whereof
fled
to
Rome
,
and
implored
the
Popes
ayde
.
This
gaue
occaon
of
great
discord
,
for
the
Emperour
tooke
it
most
hainously
that
his
aduersaries
should
haue
their
harbour
and
habitation
there
.
The
rancor
raging
hotter
,
Hee
by
consent
of
the
Princes
,
assignes
his
sonne
Henry
his
successour
in
the
Empire
;
and
summons
the
Princes
to
a
Diet
at
Cremona
:
but
being
hindered
entrance
there
,
by
the
Pope
,
and
the
Lombards
factions
,
returnes
into
Apulia
:
and
within
a
while
after
the
Pope
dyes
,
to
whom
Gregory
the
IX
.
The
Emperour
deprecating
this
offence
and
purging
himselfe
;
when
nothing
could
preuaile
,
hee
marches
to
Rome
,
deposes
the
Pope
and
inflicts
a
heauy
mulct
vpon
his
Complices
:
then
calling
another
Diet
at
Rauenna
;
is
hindered
by
the
fugitiue
Pope
,
who
had
stirred
vp
enemies
against
him
in
euery
place
.
At
length
the
Emperour
,
after
his
wife
was
dead
,
that
he
might
performe
his
promise
,
and
prouide
for
the
Common-wealth
,
sets
forward
on
his
expedition
into
Asia
:
But
the
Pope
whilst
he
was
absent
,
makes
warre
,
and
seizes
vpon
Apulia
.
The
Emperour
hauing
good
successe
,
recouering
many
places
,
and
amongst
the
rest
Hierusalem
:
being
certified
of
the
state
of
Italy
,
concluding
a
ten
yeares
truce
with
the
enemy
,
returnes
with
his
Army
,
and
recouers
his
owne
Countries
.
The
Pope
fortifies
himselfe
by
a
new
league
,
with
these
Nobles
of
Italy
,
on
whom
the
Emperour
had
set
a
mulct
,
and
then
againe
excommunicates
him
for
entering
into
truce
with
the
enemy
.
The
Emperour
louing
quietnesse
,
by
his
Ambassadours
treats
for
peace
,
which
with
much
a
doe
he
obtained
,
and
so
hee
returned
into
Germany
.
But
the
Pope
not
able
to
leaue
his
old
guise
,
dismantling
Viterbo
,
againe
excommunicates
the
Emperour
,
who
hereat
incensed
beyond
measure
,
posts
into
Italy
,
in
raging
and
wrathfull
manner
,
and
punishes
all
the
Rebels
throughout
Hetruria
,
Vmbria
,
Lombardy
,
and
the
Countrey
bordering
vpon
Po
:
whereupon
the
Pope
ingeminates
his
excommunication
,
and
conioynes
in
league
with
the
Venetians
.
The
Emperour
coasting
through
Italy
,
hauing
in
a
manner
reduced
it
all
into
his
subiection
,
layes
siege
to
Rome
,
and
not
long
after
,
Pope
Gregory
dyes
,
hauing
first
summoned
a
Councell
of
his
owne
adherents
,
at
Rauenna
,
whither
notwithstanding
they
could
not
haue
accesse
,
all
passages
being
blockt
vp
by
the
Emperour
,
insomuch
as
certaine
of
them
were
taken
.
This
was
the
Pope
that
patcht
together
the
Decretall
Epistles
,
as
they
call
them
,
which
are
a
great
part
of
the
Pontificiall
Law
,
loaden
with
multiplicity
of
Commentaries
:
wherein
it
may
seeme
wonderfull
,
that
such
men
there
should
bee
that
will
take
so
much
paines
as
to
adhere
to
those
,
not
onely
inconuenient
,
triuiall
,
foolish
,
but
also
ridiculous
workes
,
as
fast
as
if
they
were
a
kinde
of
Oracle
:
and
spend
all
their
labour
and
time
in
interpreting
,
explaining
and
garnishing
them
:
as
though
they
were
hired
to
that
end
,
to
defend
other
mens
folly
and
error
,
with
their
best
vigilancy
and
industry
,
and
to
lose
the
reputation
of
their
owne
modestie
,
in
other
mens
impudency
.
That
decree
,
which
goes
vnder
Gratians
name
,
in
diuers
places
,
amongst
other
passages
,
hath
these
:
The
Rule
of
the
Church
of
Rome
,
which
is
the
blessed
Apostle
S.
Peters
seat
:
must
bee
followed
.
It
is
not
lawfull
to
hold
a
Councell
without
permission
of
the
Bishop
of
Rome
.
The
Lawes
of
the
Church
Rome
,
are
to
bee
obserued
,
as
pronounced
by
Peters
owne
mouth
.
What
yoke
the
Church
of
Rome
imposes
,
though
it
be
not
tolerable
,
it
must
be
endured
.
The
Ministers
of
the
Church
ought
to
vow
chastity
,
that
is
,
they
should
not
mary
.
It
is
lawfull
for
him
,
that
hath
not
a
wife
,
to
haue
a
Concubine
.
If
the
Pope
bee
negligent
and
remisse
in
his
office
,
hee
may
hurt
indeed
,
aswell
himselfe
as
others
:
notwithstanding
he
cannot
bee
iudged
by
any
man
,
because
he
himselfe
is
to
iudge
all
men
.
The
Emperour
ought
to
be
ruled
by
,
and
not
rule
ouer
the
Pope
.
All
mortall
men
besides
,
may
be
iudged
by
men
,
but
the
Pope
,
Peters
successour
by
God
alone
.
It
is
lawfull
for
the
Pope
to
release
subiects
,
from
their
loyalty
and
oath
,
whereby
they
are
bound
to
their
Prince
.
In
Gregories
Decretall
Epistles
,
and
in
Boniface
his
sixt
booke
of
Decretalls
,
the
Clementines
,
and
Extrauagants
as
they
call
them
:
it
is
set
down
there
amongst
other
things
;
That
the
Popes
authority
is
not
subiect
to
the
Decrees
of
Councells
.
It
belongs
to
the
Pope
to
approue
of
the
elected
Emperor
,
or
to
reiect
him
,
if
hee
bee
not
fit
.
There
are
two
great
lights
which
gouerne
the
world
,
the
Sunne
and
the
Moone
:
The
Pope
is
in
stead
of
the
Sunne
,
and
the
Emperour
,
of
the
Moone
.
Bishops
may
deale
more
mildly
with
those
,
that
haue
offended
by
adulterie
,
and
other
such
crimes
,
as
being
of
lower
nature
.
The
Pope
onely
,
hath
cognizance
concerning
the
priuiledges
of
the
Church
of
Rome
.
The
bones
of
excommunicate
persons
already
buried
,
ought
to
bee
digged
vp
and
throwne
away
.
The
Pope
may
depose
the
Emperour
from
his
place
and
Magistracy
.
The
Emperour
is
bound
to
performe
allegiance
and
fealty
to
the
Pope
,
by
oath
.
It
is
iust
,
that
Ecclesiasticall
persons
,
should
be
exempt
and
free
from
all
cost
,
molestation
and
charge
.
A
man
may
bee
declared
an
Heretique
after
his
death
,
and
his
goods
be
confiscated
.
The
sonnes
of
heretiques
ought
not
to
bee
admitted
to
any
place
of
gouernment
either
ciuill
or
ecclesiasticall
.
It
is
necessary
to
saluation
,
that
all
men
bee
subiect
to
the
Pope
of
Rome
.
Those
few
places
onely
are
drawne
out
of
an
immense
heape
:
and
what
kind
of
stuffe
they
are
,
there
s
no
man
that
is
well
in
his
wits
,
but
may
perceiue
.
The
Law
is
,
that
men
of
deepest
learning
should
define
the
same
.
Soueraigne
reason
is
grafted
in
Nature
,
which
commands
those
things
that
are
to
bee
done
,
and
forbids
those
that
are
contrary
.
And
all
lawes
ought
to
haue
reference
to
the
common
good
.
And
the
Law-maker
ought
to
haue
the
like
affection
towards
the
people
and
Common-wealth
,
that
the
father
hath
towards
his
owne
Children
:
but
what
likelihood
hereof
is
there
in
any
the
beforementioned
places
?
but
for
them
,
not
onely
to
excuse
those
fopperies
,
but
also
to
garnish
,
adorne
,
and
illustrate
them
,
with
new
Commentaries
,
and
rather
to
babble
out
any
thing
,
then
suffer
their
dignity
to
bee
impeached
,
I
pray
you
what
grosse
impudencie
is
this
?
but
●●e●sting
no
deeper
.
If
pride
,
auarice
,
ambition
of
bearing
rule
,
and
ignorance
of
learning
drew
them
on
,
to
make
such
decrees
:
if
they
themselues
vary
in
opinions
,
nor
will
one
bee
tyed
to
anothers
lawes
,
because
endued
with
equality
of
power
:
pray
thee
,
why
doest
thou
macerate
thy selfe
in
straightning
those
crooked
and
contrarizing
decrees
?
I
omit
that
Ocean
,
or
rather
sincke
,
I
meane
that
part
of
the
Papall
law
,
containing
the
sale
of
benefices
as
they
cal
them
,
and
consecrated
goods
:
for
who
is
able
to
reckon
vp
their
deceipts
and
collusions
?
no
not
they
themselues
,
that
haue
beene
factors
many
yeares
together
in
this
kind
of
trafficke
,
do
sufficiently
vnderstand
and
know
all
the
trickes
:
when
new
ones
are
daily
inuented
.
But
this
argument
requires
both
another
time
,
and
a
booke
of
purpose
:
now
therefore
let
vs
returne
to
our
purpose
.
As
Frederick
the
Emperour
,
so
also
Lewis
the
IX
.
King
of
France
inuaded
Syria
and
Aegypt
with
an
Army
,
who
afterwards
[
o
](A09569-e57100-b)
o
Of
the
plague
.
dyed
at
the
siege
of
[
p
](A09569-e57110-b)
p
In
Africa
,
where
formerly
(
as
some
say
)
Carthage
stood
.
Tunis
City
,
in
the
yeare
of
Grace
,
1270.
In
his
raigne
,
William
Bishop
of
Paris
raised
a
question
about
Ecclesiasticall
Benefices
:
which
cause
being
publikely
discust
,
his
opinion
tooke
place
,
that
it
was
not
lawfull
for
any
man
to
hold
more
then
one
;
but
it
is
sufficient
to
haue
spoken
onely
,
and
writ
down
such
decrees
as
those
.
To
Gregory
,
Innocent
the
IIII
succeeded
,
vpon
whom
,
as
it
were
by
hereditary
succession
,
the
Emperours
displeasure
fell
.
Wherupon
calling
a
Councel
at
Lyons
,
he
summons
the
Emperour
,
excommunicates
him
for
not
appearing
,
depriues
him
of
his
dignity
,
exhorting
the
Princes
of
Germany
,
to
choose
another
,
and
this
his
decree
(
which
amongst
others
is
in
priuate
)
as
also
certaine
of
the
Emperours
Epistles
,
to
seuerall
Kings
are
extant
,
wherein
he
demonstrates
at
large
,
the
Popes
iniquitie
,
and
his
owne
innocencie
.
The
Emperour
was
minded
to
goe
to
Lyons
,
and
trie
his
fortunes
:
but
a
new
rebellion
breaking
forth
throughout
Italie
,
turnes
all
his
forces
that
way
:
where
,
good
successe
failing
him
,
he
returning
into
Puel
,
began
to
languish
,
and
at
length
died
.
Some
say
hee
was
poisoned
,
others
,
strangled
by
his
bastard
sonne
Manfred
,
who
afterwards
inuaded
Italie
.
At
that
time
liued
the
famous
Lawier
,
Azo
,
after
whom
,
the
whole
streame
of
Writers
followed
;
who
violating
that
sharpe
and
seuere
edict
of
the
Emperour
[
q
](A09569-e57300-b)
q
Commanding
his
Code
onely
(
into
which
as
abouesaid
the
whole
law
was
contracied
)
to
be
bserued
.
Iustinian
,
filled
the
world
with
an
innumerable
companie
of
Books
;
from
whence
we
must
now
seeke
those
points
,
which
those
Ancients
handled
most
copiously
and
learnedly
.
For
one
man
compiles
anothers
workes
,
so
that
there
is
no
end
or
measure
of
writing
:
and
all
ouerflowes
in
contrary
opinions
,
in
so
much
as
the
old
mans
saying
may
properly
take
place
here
;
who
hauing
asked
three
Lawyers
their
aduise
;
you
haue
done
brauely
,
saith
he
;
I
am
a
great
deale
further
to
seeke
then
before
.
I
omit
the
quiddities
which
are
daily
deuised
in
abundance
;
for
the
Comedians
saying
falls
right
here
;
that
craft
starts
one
mischiefe
in
the
necke
of
another
.
Cicero
complaines
,
that
many
worthy
ordinances
were
setled
by
lawes
,
but
those
for
the
most
part
were
corrupted
and
depraued
by
Lawyers
inuentions
.
What
if
hee
were
now
liuing
,
and
saw
those
Pyramides
of
bookes
,
and
our
moderne
practice
,
and
that
sacred
repositorie
of
the
lawes
,
thus
filthily
polluted
,
&
miserably
contaminated
?
Howbeit
,
as
God
indeed
hath
within
our
memorie
,
brought
all
other
Arts
to
light
againe
,
so
hath
he
raised
vp
many
men
,
who
being
furnished
with
the
help
of
good
learning
thinke
those
paines
taken
in
this
behalfe
,
not
to
be
repented
of
,
being
to
restore
this
subiect
most
beautifull
,
and
altogether
necessary
for
the
societie
of
mankinde
;
yea
,
this
gift
,
euen
heauenly
,
drawne
out
and
conuaied
from
the
mid-fountaines
of
Philosophie
,
to
it
's
former
splendor
and
equitie
;
which
their
indeauours
merit
not
onely
publike
commendation
,
but
also
remuneration
.
After
his
death
,
there
was
a
vacancie
for
almost
22.
yeeres
:
When
the
Common-wealth
had
floated
in
this
state
,
as
aforesaid
,
for
so
many
yeers
together
,
Rudolphus
Habspurgh
,
1273.
an.
17.
m.
9.
d.
16.
Rudolphus
Habspurgh
is
created
Emperour
.
He
in
the
beginning
of
his
raign
,
appeased
those
commotions
spread
throughout
Germanie
.
And
after
some
Diets
ended
,
marches
out
against
Ottacar
King
of
Bohemia
,
then
in
rebellion
,
whom
he
inforced
to
conditions
of
peace
,
which
he
notwithstanding
(
by
his
wiues
instigation
)
not
long
after
,
breakes
,
and
marching
the
second
time
into
Austria
,
is
slaine
in
battell
.
Ladislaus
Cunus
King
of
Hungary
,
aided
the
Emperour
Rudolphus
.
At
length
a
peace
being
concluded
with
the
Bohemians
by
[
r
](A09569-e57640-b)
r
Iutta
the
Emperous
daughter
was
married
to
Wencislaus
King
of
Bohemia
,
Ottacars
sonne
.
marriage
,
the
Emperour
gaue
Austria
,
which
the
King
of
Bohemia
had
held
many
yeeres
together
,
to
Albertus
his
sonne
:
and
being
hindred
by
diuers
businesses
in
Germany
,
went
not
downe
into
Italie
,
neither
was
he
inclined
much
that
way
howsoeuer
:
for
it
is
reported
of
him
,
that
hee
would
sometimes
merrily
tell
a
tale
of
the
Foxe
that
would
not
visit
the
Lyon
,
lying
counterfeitly
sicke
in
a
certaine
denne
,
because
hee
was
affrighted
with
the
footsteps
of
other
beasts
,
of
which
none
had
returned
:
notwithstanding
he
deputed
a
Gouernour
in
Italie
,
in
manner
of
Vice-Emperour
;
and
as
it
is
written
,
confirmed
the
often
mentioned
Countrey
of
Flaminiae
,
and
the
Exarchie
to
the
Church
of
Rome
;
when
hee
saw
very
small
commoditie
returne
to
him
from
those
parts
:
For
the
Emperours
wearied
with
perpetuall
dissention
and
variance
with
the
Popes
,
became
more
remisse
:
neither
would
the
Popes
euer
bee
at
quiet
,
till
they
had
remoued
them
forth
of
the
Coasts
of
Italie
:
and
therefore
in
a
manner
shelrring
themselues
vnder
the
wings
of
the
French
Kings
,
and
fostering
their
factions
by
the
Bishops
of
Germany
,
at
length
effected
their
owne
wished
desires
.
But
here
by
the
way
let
vs
call
to
minde
the
interchangeable
course
of
estates
,
when
as
they
(
who
were
secure
,
had
their
being
,
and
held
their
place
and
dignitie
by
fauour
of
the
Emperours
)
were
inriched
by
their
goods
and
liberalities
,
both
arrogated
dominion
ouer
them
,
and
also
defrauded
them
of
their
patrimony
.
For
they
keepe
to
themselues
,
not
onely
a
good
part
of
Italie
,
but
haue
also
strictly
obliged
the
Kings
of
Sicilie
and
Naples
,
to
their
partie
:
which
two
kings
,
both
pay
them
yeerely
tribute
,
and
also
are
forbidden
to
vndertake
the
imperiall
dignitie
without
their
permission
:
and
when
they
receiue
possession
from
them
,
amongst
other
clauses
,
that
is
one
part
of
their
oath
.
That
memorable
massacre
of
the
French
,
through
out
Sicilie
,
happened
in
Rudolphus
the
Emperours
time
.
For
they
being
in
possession
of
that
Country
,
where
,
after
soldiers
fashion
,
playing
many
insolent
and
outragious
prankes
,
were
by
secret
conspiracie
,
after
a
signe
giuen
,
all
put
to
the
sword
,
when
the
Bell
rung
to
euening
prayers
.
This
Massacre
is
commonly
called
the
Sicilian
Vespers
:
Bononians
,
Florentines
,
Genowaies
,
Lucans
,
and
others
.
After
this
,
assembling
the
Princes
at
Franckeford
,
he
desired
,
but
in
vaine
,
to
haue
his
sonne
Albert
assigned
his
successor
.
Rudolphus
dying
,
Austria
,
Rudolphus
his
sonne
,
is
elected
:
who
,
vniting
his
forces
,
hauing
the
Princes
aid
,
makes
forward
toward
Adolphus
,
when
giuing
him
battell
in
the
Bishopricke
of
Spire
,
Adolphus
being
grieuously
wounded
by
Albertus
,
was
soone
after
slaine
by
the
rest
of
the
souldiers
.
After
this
victorie
,
After
Albertus
,
Henry
,
[
s
](A09569-e58440-b)
s
Two
Noble
families
in
Sueuia
,
which
afterwards
remoued
into
Italie
.
Guelphs
and
Gibelines
,
which
two
factions
haue
many
retainers
in
those
parts
.
He
therefore
first
of
all
constitutes
Gouernours
ouer
the
Cities
,
and
free
burroughs
throughout
Lombardie
,
and
swore
the
inhabitants
to
his
subiection
:
then
resting
a
while
at
Millaine
,
indeauouring
,
but
all
in
vaine
,
to
reconcile
the
before-mentioned
factions
:
where
when
Turianus
,
Gouernour
of
the
Citie
,
had
complotted
to
assaile
him
vnawares
:
after
discouerie
of
the
conspiracie
,
and
suppression
of
his
aduersaries
;
hee
commits
the
gouernement
of
the
Citie
to
a
Vicount
.
All
the
Cities
in
that
Country
yeelded
into
his
power
and
protection
,
onely
Brescia
rebelled
,
the
walles
whereof
(
hauing
after
a
long
siege
taken
it
)
hee
demolisht
.
Then
marching
through
Genua
,
and
so
striking
ouer
to
Pisa
,
arriued
at
Rome
:
and
was
crowned
by
some
of
the
Cardinals
,
because
Pope
Clement
the
V.
hauing
left
the
Citie
,
was
remoued
into
France
,
and
kept
his
Court
at
Auinion
.
When
the
Cardinals
required
the
oath
of
him
,
which
they
said
was
to
bee
giuen
to
the
Pope
:
hee
refused
it
,
and
would
not
haue
any
such
kind
of
oath
,
to
be
thereby
bound
to
the
Pope
:
vpon
notice
hereof
,
the
Pope
,
to
inlarge
his
owne
power
,
expounded
that
generall
forme
of
the
oath
at
large
,
and
annexed
it
to
the
rest
of
his
decrees
now
extant
.
For
he
himselfe
also
preferred
many
lawes
,
which
retaine
their
name
from
him
,
and
are
called
the
Clementines
.
Now
also
those
Knights
called
the
Templars
,
being
very
puissant
,
were
by
the
same
violence
put
to
death
,
and
made
away
in
diuers
places
.
Philip
the
Faire
,
King
of
France
,
by
the
Popes
permission
,
seized
vpon
a
great
part
of
their
Reuenues
.
Soone
after
,
the
name
and
memorie
of
them
was
condemned
:
and
by
the
French
nationall
Synod
,
at
Vienna
,
their
lands
were
giuen
to
those
,
called
the
Knights
of
the
Rhodes
.
At
this
time
also
the
Vniuersitie
of
Orleans
was
founded
by
King
Philip
,
and
Pope
Clements
authoritie
.
After
the
Emperour
Henries
[
t
](A09569-e58740-b)
t
He
was
poisoned
by
a
Monk
with
a
cup
of
Wine
in
the
Communion
.
decease
and
buriall
at
Pisa
,
being
poisoned
as
it
was
strongly
suspected
:
there
followed
most
bitter
contentions
about
the
election
:
for
Fredericke
Archduke
of
Austria
the
Emperour
Alberts
sonne
,
Cullen
,
Fredericke
at
Bena
:
and
Pope
Iohn
the
XXIII
.
proclaimed
them
both
Emperours
,
but
of
the
two
was
more
inclined
to
Fredericke
,
which
proclamation
increased
the
flame
of
discord
.
Forces
being
mustered
vpon
both
sides
,
a
sharpe
battell
was
fought
at
Esling
a
towne
in
Sueuia
,
but
in
a
manner
with
equall
fortune
:
and
soone
after
another
in
Bauaria
with
stronger
forces
,
Lewis
the
Emperour
hauing
thus
compast
the
Empire
,
marches
downe
into
Italie
,
in
despight
of
the
Pope
,
constitutes
Gouernors
ouer
al
the
Cities
&
free-burroughes
,
and
is
crowned
at
Millaine
by
the
Archbishop
there
,
from
whence
(
hauing
sent
his
Ambassadours
to
the
Pope
at
Auinion
,
againe
and
againe
,
about
his
solemne
inauguration
,
and
there
failing
)
he
goes
to
Rome
,
after
he
had
setled
the
affaires
of
Millaine
.
At
Rome
hee
was
entertained
with
exceeding
great
ioy
,
and
crowned
by
one
or
two
of
the
Cardinals
:
but
the
Pope
ingeminating
his
excommunication
,
he
,
by
the
aduise
of
his
Nobles
,
creates
another
Pope
,
and
after
this
fashion
continued
these
most
deadly
flames
of
hatred
betwixt
them
,
not
without
most
scandalous
criminations
cast
forth
on
both
sides
.
The
French
Annall-writers
report
that
Charles
the
Faire
,
King
Philips
sonne
,
was
the
first
that
granted
Pope
Iohn
Tenths
of
Ecclesiasticall
goods
in
France
,
and
shared
the
prey
betwixt
themselues
,
but
the
Popes
chiefe
aime
in
procuring
this
,
was
to
furnish
himselfe
with
money
against
the
Emperour
.
After
the
Emperour
was
returned
into
Germany
,
the
Pope
dies
,
and
his
successor
Benedict
the
XII
.
both
excommunicated
and
depriued
him
of
his
dignitie
.
Whereupon
the
Emperour
conuening
the
Princes
at
Franckeford
in
a
solemne
speech
,
complaines
of
the
Popes
iniuries
,
explaines
the
reasons
of
his
allegiance
,
produces
and
declares
the
ancient
lawes
of
the
Empire
:
withall
shewing
,
that
the
Bishop
of
Rome
had
nothing
to
doe
with
the
Common-wealth
of
the
Empire
:
For
he
,
who
is
elected
by
the
Princes
consent
,
is
truely
Emperour
,
without
any
assent
,
consent
or
consecration
from
the
Pope
,
all
that
being
but
a
ceremonie
,
which
by
little
and
little
crept
vp
,
and
now
is
growne
too
high
,
to
the
great
dishonour
and
indammagement
of
the
Empire
.
After
this
,
Pope
Benedict
dying
,
Clement
the
VI.
succeeded
,
one
farre
more
violent
then
any
before
him
:
who
in
vehement
manner
propounded
certaine
ignominious
conditions
,
vpon
refusall
whereof
,
hee
grew
a
great
deale
more
furious
,
sharpely
admonishing
the
Princes
to
choose
another
Emperour
,
within
a
certaine
time
by
him
limited
,
which
if
they
would
not
dae
,
hee
would
take
care
that
the
Church
should
not
want
a
Patrone
and
Aduocate
any
longer
.
Whilest
the
Common-wealth
was
thus
tossed
,
the
Emperour
Lewis
departed
this
life
,
and
Charles
King
Iohn
his
sonne
,
Henry
the
VII
.
his
Nephew
was
elected
King
of
Bohemia
.
A
little
before
this
,
began
the
occasion
of
that
cruell
war
betwixt
the
French
and
English
,
When
Charles
the
Faire
,
King
of
France
,
dying
without
issue
male
,
which
was
in
the
yeere
,
1327.
Edward
king
of
England
,
of
that
name
the
III.
being
sonne
to
Isabel
,
King
Charles
his
sister
,
challenged
the
Kingdome
as
due
to
him
;
but
the
Estates
of
France
,
which
are
called
the
Peeres
,
set
the
crowne
vpon
Philip
of
Valeis
,
cozen
germane
to
the
deceased
King
Charles
:
excluding
not
onely
King
Edward
the
sisters
sonne
,
but
also
King
Charles
his
posthume
daughter
;
alledging
,
that
the
inheritance
of
that
kingdom
did
in
no
wise
appertaine
to
daughters
:
hereupon
insued
that
bloody
warre
scarce
yet
quenched
.
The
beginning
of
the
Emperour
Charles
the
IIII.
After
the
quenching
of
sundry
combustions
in
Germany
,
the
Emperour
Charles
goes
downe
into
Italie
,
and
by
consent
of
Pope
Innocent
the
VI.
then
being
in
France
,
is
crowned
at
Rome
by
some
Cardinals
,
vpon
condition
not
to
stay
any
longer
,
either
at
Rome
,
or
in
Italie
.
Hee
returnes
to
Millaine
,
and
granted
the
office
of
perpetuall
Vice-Emperour
for
Lombardie
,
to
the
house
of
the
Viscounts
,
who
then
bore
great
sway
in
Millaine
;
in
respect
of
which
honour
,
they
gaue
him
an
huge
masse
of
money
,
and
not
they
onely
,
but
others
also
vpon
whom
hee
had
bestowed
any
thing
:
which
act
much
extenuated
the
Emperours
authority
in
that
Country
.
After
his
returne
out
of
Italie
,
he
summoned
a
Diet
of
the
Princes
,
and
there
preferred
that
decree
of
the
Empire
,
called
the
[
t
](A09569-e59690-b)
t
Containing
the
lawes
and
rites
to
be
obserued
in
the
election
of
the
Emp
:
as
also
the
dignitie
and
office
of
each
Elector
,
and
other
Princes
and
Nobles
.
Golden
bull
:
lastly
,
he
assignes
his
sonne
Wenceslaus
his
successor
in
the
Empire
;
which
,
as
it
is
wri●ten
,
he
procured
with
great
difficultie
,
though
with
large
rewards
:
and
not
long
after
died
.
In
his
raigne
,
Iohn
King
of
France
Philip
of
Valois
his
sonne
,
together
with
his
yongest
sonne
Philip
,
afterwards
Duke
of
Burgundie
,
sirnamed
the
Stout
,
or
the
Bold
;
was
,
in
pitcht
field
,
neere
Poictiers
,
taken
prisoner
by
the
English
,
who
were
then
in
possession
of
a
good
part
of
Aquitaine
,
and
the
Citie
of
Burdeaux
.
Many
of
the
prime
Nobilitie
were
slaine
in
that
battell
.
The
Annall-Writers
record
,
that
the
English
were
not
aboue
7000.
when
the
French
made
against
them
with
many
forces
,
about
60000
strong
.
This
was
in
the
yeere
,
1356.
the
XII
.
of
the
Kalends
of
October
.
The
King
was
carried
prisoner
into
England
,
and
died
the
feuenth
yeere
after
.
Wencestaus
being
(
as
historie
speakes
of
him
)
both
by
nature
and
course
of
life
,
Iohn
Galeas
,
of
the
house
of
the
Viscounts
,
(
a
man
both
couetous
and
cruell
)
Duke
of
Millaine
and
Lombardie
.
In
his
raigne
,
Iagello
Duke
of
Lithuania
or
Luten
,
was
,
after
King
Lewis
his
death
,
created
King
of
Polonia
,
by
consent
of
the
Nobles
:
This
King
was
great
Grandfather
to
Sigismund
,
the
moderne
King
there
,
and
was
the
first
that
receiued
Baptisme
,
changing
his
name
to
Vladislaus
.
Sigismund
King
of
Hungarie
was
ouerthrowne
in
battell
at
Nieopolis
by
Baiazet
Emperour
of
the
Turkes
,
the
third
of
the
kalends
of
October
.
Charls
the
VI.
K.
of
France
,
sent
a
goodly
troope
of
horse
for
aid
into
Hungarie
,
vnder
conduct
of
Iohn
,
sonne
of
Philip
the
bold
Duke
of
Burgundie
,
which
Iohn
was
taken
in
that
battell
,
and
carried
prisoner
to
the
Turke
,
where
he
stood
at
the
next
doore
to
death
,
but
yet
escaped
,
which
(
as
the
French
Writers
relate
)
happened
thus
:
There
was
a
certaine
Physiognomer
(
one
of
that
packe
that
professe
to
know
the
dispositions
and
natures
of
men
,
by
their
body
,
eyes
,
countenance
and
face
)
familiar
with
Baiazet
;
who
viewing
the
prisoner
,
willed
and
perswaded
the
Emperour
to
dismisse
him
in
safetie
.
For
hee
should
bee
the
man
,
that
after
his
returne
home
,
should
kindle
a
most
violent
combustion
,
which
should
set
a
good
part
,
either
of
Europe
,
or
of
the
Christian
world
,
on
fire
.
Vpon
this
perswasion
,
the
Turke
dismisses
him
,
and
the
rest
of
the
Nobilitie
,
that
were
prisoners
,
after
they
had
paid
20000.
crownes
for
their
ransome
.
After
his
returne
into
France
,
hee
began
to
quarrell
with
Lewis
Duke
of
Orleans
,
the
Kings
brother
.
For
he
by
reason
of
the
Kings
sicknesse
,
which
was
in
a
manner
desperate
,
desired
to
gouerne
the
Common-wealth
,
being
nearest
of
kindred
to
the
king
.
But
the
Duke
of
Burgundie
,
for
that
he
was
cousin-germane
to
the
King
,
and
elder
then
the
other
,
challenged
the
gouernment
(
his
Father
Philip
being
dead
)
rather
to
belong
to
him
.
This
sore
euery
day
more
and
more
festering
,
at
length
the
Duke
of
Orleans
was
murthered
in
Paris
in
the
night
time
,
as
hee
was
going
home
from
supper
.
The
murtherers
were
sent
priuily
by
the
Duke
of
Burgundie
,
who
was
so
farre
from
denying
the
fact
,
that
he
maintained
it
.
This
was
in
the
yeere
1407.
the
ninth
of
the
kalends
of
December
The
XII
.
yeare
following
,
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
comming
to
a
place
appointed
,
about
a
pacification
in
this
cause
,
was
entrapped
by
treachery
and
murthered
by
certaine
of
the
Duke
of
Orleans
his
friends
that
had
sworne
his
death
:
Charles
the
Dolphin
,
the
Kings
sonne
,
who
was
iudge
in
that
controuersie
being
present
at
the
fact
.
This
is
the
head-spring
of
the
warre
betwixt
those
two
houses
,
which
hath
so
often
broke
forth
euer
since
that
time
,
till
within
our
memory
.
Wenceslaus
,
by
reason
of
his
negligence
growne
into
contempt
:
Iohn
Galeas
,
but
contriued
a
new
,
how
to
reduce
Lombardy
into
the
Imperiall
dominions
:
for
which
,
and
other
such
like
causes
,
marching
downe
into
Italy
,
the
said
Galeas
hindered
and
repelled
him
.
The
State
of
Italy
,
was
in
those
times
very
troublesome
,
cheifly
by
the
Emperour
Charles
and
Wenceslaus
their
default
,
being
too
indulgent
ouer
that
Nation
:
For
ouer
and
besides
Galeas
lately
made
Duke
of
Millaine
:
The
Venetians
,
Florentines
,
&
Genowaies
,
made
war
vpon
their
neighbours
:
and
all
right
was
swayed
by
the
sword
and
violence
.
Furthermore
by
reason
of
the
Popes
continuall
absence
,
nothing
but
factions
,
and
those
dangerous
ones
,
swarmed
at
Rome
.
Then
also
Galeas
D.
of
Millaine
made
warre
vpon
the
Florentines
,
who
to
worke
their
owne
reuenge
solicite
the
Emperor
by
large
proffers
,
to
march
downe
againe
into
Italy
:
but
when
the
Emperor
was
come
to
Padua
,
Hee
(
at
request
of
the
Venetians
,
who
likewise
hated
Gal●●a
,
and
withall
perceiuing
that
their
prouision
was
not
answerable
to
their
great
promises
)
retires
into
Germanie
,
casting
off
all
care
of
Italy
,
whose
estate
afterwards
grew
more
weake
,
by
its
owne
ciuill
broyles
.
To
the
Emperour
Robert
,
At
what
time
many
worthy
men
both
Italians
and
French
,
deplored
the
State
of
the
Church
,
inueighing
bitterly
enough
against
the
corruptions
and
vices
of
those
times
,
as
farre
as
they
could
see
in
those
dayes
of
darknesse
.
Amongst
the
rest
,
Petrarch
was
one
,
who
when
the
Popes
and
Cardinals
lay
at
Auinion
,
called
that
City
the
whore
of
Babylon
.
Whereupon
to
determine
that
Controuersie
,
a
Councell
was
assembled
at
Constance
in
Germanie
,
by
order
whereof
those
Three
were
deposed
,
and
Martin
the
V.
elected
.
At
this
Councell
Iohn
H●●
and
Hierome
of
Prague
were
burnt
for
heresie
,
though
they
came
thither
vnder
safe
conduct
from
the
Emperour
Sigismund
:
the
Emperour
is
much
commended
,
for
that
He
,
to
benefit
the
Common-wealth
went
almost
to
all
the
Kings
in
Christendome
,
to
exhort
them
to
haue
a
care
of
the
common
good
.
After
the
affaires
were
setled
in
Germany
,
hee
goes
downe
into
Italy
,
at
what
time
the
Venetians
and
Florentines
were
vp
in
Armes
both
by
sea
&
land
,
against
Philip
Maria
,
Iohn
Galeas
his
son
,
Duke
of
Millaine
,
and
so
forward
to
Rome
,
being
there
consecrated
by
Eugenius
the
IIII.
and
returned
by
Basil
,
where
then
there
was
another
Councell
held
.
Albertus
Archduke
of
Austria
,
About
this
time
,
those
wits
were
rouzed
vp
againe
,
which
beganne
to
polish
the
liberall
sciences
,
language
,
and
good
letters
,
the
Italians
indeed
gaue
the
onset
,
who
were
furthered
by
helpe
of
the
Graecians
,
and
then
after
followed
the
Germanes
,
French
,
and
other
Nations
:
and
further
,
when
the
inuention
of
[
u
](A09569-e61390-b)
u
Printing
w●s
inuented
in
Germany
in
the
yeare
1440
So
Pollydor
Virgill
,
and
others
affirme
.
Printing
came
to
light
,
so
immense
was
the
profit
thereof
,
that
it
is
incredible
what
a
happy
and
ioyfull
progresse
ensued
.
For
now
,
this
course
of
studie
hauing
beene
constantly
continued
euer
since
that
time
;
It
is
aduanced
so
high
,
that
this
our
age
may
enter
into
comparison
,
with
the
most
learned
ages
in
time
past
,
and
in
this
regard
is
blessed
aboue
all
the
rest
,
in
that
it
hath
pleased
God
to
illuminate
this
knowledge
of
the
best
Arts
and
languages
with
the
true
knowledge
of
Him
:
Whereas
those
Ancients
,
furnished
onely
with
the
helpe
of
learning
,
though
men
most
eloquent
,
yet
they
were
plunged
in
depth
of
darknes
,
and
searcht
in
vaine
,
after
that
quintessence
of
goodnesse
,
whereof
they
writ
so
much
.
To
Albertus
,
Vladislaus
,
Vladislaus
his
sonne
King
of
Polonia
and
Hungary
,
hauing
by
Pope
Eugenius
the
III.
his
instigation
,
broke
the
Truce
,
was
ouerthrowne
in
battell
,
and
slaine
at
Varna
,
or
Dionysiopolis
,
the
XI
.
of
Nouember
,
by
Amurath
the
II.
Emperour
of
the
Turkes
.
The
IX
.
yeare
after
this
,
Mahomet
Amuraths
sonne
,
[
*
](A09569-e61660-b)
*
From
1453.
when
it
was
taken
,
till
1556.
when
Sleidan
writ
this
booke
.
Maximilian
1493.
an.
25
m.
4.
d.
25.
The
Moors
chased
cut
of
Granado
in
Spaine
,
1487.
Charles
the
V.
1519.
an.
38.
m.
6.
d.
27.
103.
yeares
,
keeping
their
Imperiall
Court
there
.
Casimi●
,
Vladislaus
his
brother
succeeded
him
in
the
Kingdome
of
Polonia
:
and
Ladislaus
,
the
Emperor
Albert
the
II.
his
posthume
sonne
,
in
Hungary
.
To
Fredericke
the
Emperor
his
son
Maximilian
succeeded
.
A
little
before
the
death
of
this
Emperour
Fredericke
,
Ferdinando
King
of
Spaine
,
chasing
out
the
Moores
,
annexed
Betica
,
commonly
called
the
Kingdome
of
Granado
,
to
his
owne
Crowne
.
Maximilian
(
as
he
did
many
more
)
made
warre
also
vpon
the
Venetians
.
Him
the
most
puissant
Emperor
Charles
(
being
his
grandchild
by
his
son
[
*
](A09569-e61950-b)
*
Archd.
of
Austria
.
Philip
)
succeeded
,
who
now
swayes
the
Scepter
.
Thus
out
of
that
which
we
haue
mentioned
,
it
clearly
appeares
,
after
what
manner
the
Romane
Empire
,
then
which
,
none
euer
was
or
will
be
,
more
potent
:
is
now
in
a
manner
crusht
in
peeces
.
For
throughout
Asia
we
haue
not
so
much
as
a
foot
,
or
a
nailes
breadth
,
as
the
prouerbe
is
.
The
Turkes
,
Scythians
,
and
other
Enemies
of
our
Religon
,
hold
all
there
.
Wee
haue
lost
all
Africa
,
but
what
hath
beene
recouered
of
late
yeares
,
by
Charles
the
V.
when
hee
wonne
Tunis
from
Aenobarbe
the
Turkish
Lieutenant
,
archieuing
a
glorious
victory
,
and
made
the
King
there
tributary
to
him
:
as
also
the
fifteenth
yeare
following
,
besieged
and
tooke
the
Town
of
Aphricke
.
Portugal
,
Spaine
,
France
,
Britaine
,
Denmarke
,
Sarmatia
,
Pannonia
,
Illyricum
,
all
Greece
,
with
the
adiacent
Countries
are
torne
away
:
as
also
the
Ilands
of
Sicilie
,
Sardinia
,
Corsica
,
Maiorique
and
Minorique
,
and
Sauoy
,
which
Prouinces
haue
their
peculiar
Lords
,
who
hold
full
power
in
all
matters
,
and
are
not
at
a
penny
charge
about
any
affaires
of
the
Empire
.
Now
let
vs
looke
vpon
Italy
,
the
old
,
ancient
,
and
first
patrimony
of
the
Romane
Empire
:
but
wherein
doth
it
participate
with
vs
?
The
Kings
of
Spaine
,
by
ancient
succession
hold
Calabria
,
Apulia
,
Campania
,
and
Naples
.
The
Popes
keepe
in
their
hands
the
City
of
Rome
,
formerly
the
Emperours
Palace
and
Court
Imperi●ll
,
together
with
Marca
de
Ancona
,
Romandiola
,
and
part
of
Tuscane
,
who
are
so
farre
from
acknowledging
subiection
to
the
Emperour
,
that
they
hold
the
Emperours
and
their
Deputies
to
bee
bound
to
them
.
Those
Cities
there
of
any
strength
,
either
haue
their
proper
Lords
,
or
else
are
swayed
by
factions
,
and
hauing
nothing
at
all
to
doe
with
vs
.
Now
for
the
Venetians
what
a
company
hold
they
,
not
onely
of
goodly
Cities
,
and
freeburrowes
,
but
also
Prouinces
:
they
themselues
in
the
interim
,
being
an
absolute
free-state
,
and
quite
separated
from
the
Romane
Empire
.
As
for
Insubria
,
commonly
called
Lombardy
,
that
indeed
belongs
somewhat
nearer
to
vs
:
but
it
totters
too
,
neither
receiue
wee
any
certaine
profit
from
thence
.
For
after
that
our
Emperours
had
,
as
abouesaid
,
first
constituted
Viscounts
there
,
as
they
call
them
,
and
afterwards
Dukes
,
how
miserably
was
it
rent
to
peeces
,
and
euer
since
that
time
how
little
did
it
benefit
vs
?
For
our
Emperours
neglecting
it
in
time
of
the
warres
there
,
the
house
of
the
Sfortia's
dispossessing
the
Vicounts
,
seized
vpon
it
,
whom
afterwards
Lewis
the
XII
.
and
Francis
the
I.
Kings
of
France
,
excluded
;
the
latter
whereof
held
it
for
sixe
yeeres
,
till
the
Emperour
Charles
the
V.
recouered
it
.
Thus
you
see
,
no
reuenues
come
from
any
part
of
Italie
,
for
they
neither
repaire
to
our
Diets
,
nor
contribute
any
thing
at
all
to
any
publike
vse
or
necessitie
,
but
what
they
doe
voluntarily
,
or
in
fauour
to
the
Emperour
:
onely
Germanie
remaines
,
which
alwaies
repugned
the
Romane
Empire
,
scarce
euer
free
from
rebellion
,
as
before
appears
,
till
at
length
it
was
gathered
together
by
the
Emperour
Charles
the
Great
,
and
reduced
into
one
body
:
after
which
time
,
when
the
power
of
electing
the
Emperours
,
was
committed
to
the
seuen
Electors
,
as
we
haue
formerly
shewed
,
it
became
the
Emperours
Court
and
Mansion
place
.
And
here
too
wee
must
consider
,
with
what
difficultie
this
little
diminitiue
body
of
the
Empire
,
congealed
in
Germanie
,
could
incorporate
it self
:
for
when
were
we
euer
free
from
iarres
and
ciuill
broiles
?
So
now
whatsoeuer
goes
vnder
the
name
of
the
Empire
,
is
incuded
within
the
bounds
of
Germany
,
for
all
forraigne
places
,
and
those
without
the
compasse
thereof
,
are
fallen
away
.
Howbeit
we
see
there
are
many
,
euen
within
those
small
compast
limits
,
that
flie
backe
,
and
as
much
as
they
can
,
withdraw
themselues
and
their
countries
forth
of
the
iurisdiction
of
the
Empire
.
I
passe
ouer
in
silence
those
neighbouring
Kings
and
other
Princes
,
that
day
by
day
catch
&
snatch
away
,
as
much
as
they
can
from
this
feeble
and
saplesse
little
body
,
which
scarce
cleaues
to
the
bones
:
striuing
to
bring
that
into
their
owne
dominions
,
which
belonged
to
the
Common-wealth
.
But
to
come
to
an
end
in
some
time
,
let
vs
lend
our
attention
to
Daniels
prophecie
,
concerning
all
that
is
spoken
.
We
haue
treated
of
the
Image
that
Nabuchodonozar
saw
in
his
dreame
,
whereto
wee
will
returne
againe
;
but
in
the
interim
,
take
a
view
of
some
other
places
.
In
his
VII
.
Chap.
he
describes
the
foure
beasts
,
which
in
a
dream
he
saw
comming
out
of
the
Sea
:
A
Lyon
,
a
Beare
,
a
Leopard
,
and
the
fourth
and
last
,
he
saies
,
was
terrible
and
dreadfull
to
behold
.
The
Lyon
signifies
the
kingdome
of
Assyria
,
the
two
wings
which
he
had
,
are
as
it
were
the
two
members
of
that
Empire
,
Babylon
and
Assyria
.
By
the
Beare
is
vnderstood
the
kingdome
of
Persia
,
by
which
Babylon
was
conquered
:
the
three
ribs
which
hee
saies
were
in
his
mouth
betwixt
his
teeth
,
are
the
three
chiefe
Kings
of
that
Monarchie
,
Cyrus
,
Darius
and
Artaxerxes
,
who
were
more
famous
then
the
rest
,
and
eate
much
flesh
as
he
speakes
,
that
is
,
brought
many
nations
into
their
subiection
.
The
Leopard
is
Alexander
the
Great
,
or
the
Greeke
Empire
;
his
foure
wings
&
heads
,
are
the
foure
kingdomes
which
rise
out
of
that
Monarchy
,
after
Alexanders
death
.
The
fourth
and
last
Beast
is
the
Romane
Empire
:
the
tenne
hornes
are
his
members
or
Prouinces
,
such
as
were
Syria
,
Aegypt
,
Asia
,
Greece
,
Affricke
,
Spaine
,
Gallia
,
Italie
,
Germanie
,
Brittaine
:
for
all
those
they
held
.
Now
a
certaine
little
horne
,
grew
vp
and
shot
forth
amongst
the
tenne
hornes
,
which
pluckt
away
three
hornes
from
those
ten
.
This
notifies
the
kingdome
of
Mahomet
or
the
Turke
,
which
from
a
small
beginning
,
budding
forth
of
the
Romane
Monarchy
,
seized
vpon
three
of
the
chiefest
parts
thereof
,
Egypt
,
Asia
,
and
Greece
.
Further
this
little
horne
hath
eyes
,
and
was
reproachfull
against
God
:
For
Mahomet
vented
a
new
kinde
of
doctrine
,
which
was
well
liked
of
by
his
followers
,
as
carrying
some
shew
of
wisedome
in
it
.
Those
are
the
eyes
,
but
indeed
hee
blasphemes
God
.
For
hee
abolishes
the
Bookes
of
the
Prophets
and
Apostles
,
and
acknowledges
no
benefit
by
Christ
,
but
reproachfully
railes
against
all
doctrine
concerning
Christ
.
Further
,
that
little
horne
,
saith
he
,
shall
make
warre
with
the
Saints
,
and
sore
afflict
them
,
till
the
Ancient
of
daies
shall
come
to
iudgement
,
who
hath
neither
beginning
nor
end
:
whereby
it
clearely
appeares
,
that
within
the
time
of
this
Empire
,
the
tearme
of
this
world
shall
haue
an
end
,
and
shall
neuer
be
againe
:
but
after
the
dissolution
of
all
earthly
Principalities
,
then
shall
follow
that
perpetual
kingdome
,
whereof
Christ
shall
be
Prince
and
Head
.
In
his
eight
chapter
,
the
Prophet
Daniel
describes
the
Ramme
and
the
Goat
,
which
the
Angell
afterwards
plainely
interprets
,
saying
,
the
Ram
with
two
hornes
,
betokens
the
Kings
of
the
Medes
and
Persians
:
and
the
Goat
,
the
Greeke
Empire
,
and
the
great
horne
in
his
forehead
,
the
first
king
of
that
Empire
:
and
that
foure
hornes
succeeded
after
that
horne
was
broken
;
it
signifies
,
saith
he
,
that
foure
kingdomes
shall
rise
out
of
that
Empire
,
but
not
to
bee
compared
to
that
first
King
for
strength
and
puissance
.
Here
we
may
see
how
properly
and
infallibly
the
Prophet
Daniel
portraies
Alexander
the
Great
,
two
hundred
yeeres
and
more
before
his
raigne
.
For
it
shall
so
fall
out
,
saith
hee
,
that
the
Goat
shall
not
touch
the
earth
;
that
is
,
he
should
runne
ouer
his
warres
with
exceeding
celeritie
,
and
no
man
should
be
able
to
deliuer
the
Ramme
out
of
his
hand
:
for
Alexander
raigned
onely
twelue
yeeres
,
in
which
little
inch
of
time
,
hee
almost
subdued
all
Asia
,
as
wee
haue
aboue
shewed
.
And
though
the
Medes
and
Persians
were
of
incredible
strength
,
yet
in
three
set
battels
,
Darius
was
ouerthrowne
,
and
lost
his
life
and
his
Empire
both
at
once
.
Many
write
,
that
when
Alexander
came
to
Ierusalem
,
the
High-Priest
read
that
place
of
Daniel
to
him
,
which
exceedingly
reioyced
him
.
Againe
,
that
another
horne
should
rise
from
amongst
those
foure
hornes
,
at
first
but
small
,
but
afterwards
very
powerfull
,
which
should
grieuously
oppresse
the
Sanctuary
:
herely
saith
hee
,
hee
foretells
those
most
bitter
persecutions
which
the
Iewes
should
suffer
vnder
Alexander
the
Great
his
successors
,
the
Kings
of
Egypt
and
Syria
,
betwixt
whom
the
Country
of
Iudea
lies
:
For
the
Iewes
haue
felt
that
horne
which
rose
out
of
the
foure
hornes
,
in
Antiochus
Epiphanes
King
of
Syria
,
that
most
cruell
destroier
.
Hither
also
,
we
must
apply
the
eleuenth
chapter
,
wherein
he
speakes
againe
of
Alexander
the
Great
,
and
so
copiously
and
properly
,
that
it
may
rather
seeme
an
Historie
,
then
a
Prophecie
.
But
now
again
let
vs
return
to
Nabuchodonozors
Image
,
whereof
,
vpon
occasion
,
wee
spoke
in
our
first
booke
;
as
for
the
interpretation
thereof
,
concerning
the
three
first
Monarchies
,
I
will
not
repeat
it
,
because
it
is
both
perspicuous
,
as
also
made
good
by
the
times
themselues
,
onely
we
will
speake
something
of
the
fourth
,
because
it
both
properly
appertaines
vnto
vs
,
who
liue
in
it
,
and
is
more
exactly
described
by
Daniel
:
It
shall
be
of
iron
,
saith
he
,
which
shall
breake
in
pieces
,
and
bring
all
the
rest
of
the
Monarchies
in
subiection
to
it
:
there
needs
not
many
words
in
explanation
hereof
;
for
the
matter
it selfe
speakes
,
and
it
manifestly
appeares
out
of
the
historie
of
those
Monarchs
which
wee
haue
reckoned
vp
.
But
the
Images
feet
,
and
the
toes
of
the
feet
,
are
part
of
iron
,
part
of
potters
clay
.
As
the
foot
of
a
mans
body
is
diuided
into
toes
,
so
the
Romane
Empire
,
after
it
hath
for
a
while
continued
strong
,
being
supported
by
iron
legges
,
and
incircled
the
whole
world
in
its
circumference
;
shall
fall
into
toes
,
and
that
massie
body
shall
be
dissolued
.
This
also
is
plainely
effected
,
and
needs
no
explication
:
for
at
this
day
,
what
is
more
diuided
then
the
body
of
that
most
spacious
Empire
?
And
though
the
case
thus
stand
,
yet
because
the
sole
of
the
foot
is
of
iron
,
the
foundation
shall
remaine
,
and
shall
neuer
bee
extinguished
,
but
the
reliques
,
title
,
and
dignitie
thereof
shall
endere
till
Christ
at
his
comming
shall
set
a
period
to
all
humane
things
,
but
it
is
cleare
as
noone
day
,
and
beyond
all
doubt
,
that
it
is
now
at
the
lowest
ebbe
.
That
goodly
tree
is
fallen
,
but
the
root
stickes
fast
,
and
remaines
yet
,
not
hauing
any
sappe
,
and
therefore
vnable
to
grow
vp
,
and
increase
againe
:
but
quite
dead
and
withered
,
yet
no
force
of
man
shall
bee
able
vtterly
to
extirpate
this
roote
,
and
foot-soale
of
iron
nature
,
but
it
shall
sticke
fast
grounded
in
the
earth
,
till
the
whole
world
shall
be
destroied
.
Hereof
also
wee
haue
had
experience
,
for
many
haue
often
attempted
the
subuersion
of
this
small
and
slender
parcel
of
the
Empire
,
as
the
Popes
of
Rome
,
and
lastly
the
Turkes
:
who
though
they
haue
done
great
matters
,
and
it
may
bee
promise
greater
to
themselues
;
yet
they
shall
not
make
vp
such
a
massie
bodie
,
as
may
hold
comparison
with
the
puissance
of
the
Romanes
:
nether
shall
they
subuert
this
seed-plot
of
the
Empire
which
remaines
,
though
it
be
both
drie
and
withered
:
nor
can
any
fift
Monarchie
be
raised
.
Though
Germanie
onely
hath
the
title
and
possession
of
the
Empire
,
yet
if
it
would
ioyne
hearts
and
hands
,
it
might
easily
expell
all
forraign
force
,
as
may
be
prooued
by
many
arguments
.
The
Turkes
of
late
yeeres
haue
runne
in
very
farre
vpon
vs
,
and
after
the
winning
of
[
a
](A09569-e62990-b)
a
The
streight
wherupon
Constantinople
stands
in
that
part
diuiding
Europe
and
Asia
,
being
not
aboue
7.
miles
●●oad
.
Bosphoros
,
or
Bogazin
in
Thrace
,
raged
vp
and
downe
farre
and
wide
in
Europe
,
whose
terr●●o●ies
are
now
directly
bordering
vpon
Germanie
,
which
seemes
exposed
to
the
greatest
danger
,
as
also
Italie
,
by
reason
of
the
neerenesse
.
But
if
wee
looke
a
little
nearer
into
Daniel
,
it
is
to
bee
hoped
,
that
their
power
and
greatnesse
is
now
at
its
full
height
.
For
Daniel
giues
them
onely
three
hornes
,
as
wee
haue
before
recited
,
which
they
now
haue
,
being
first
of
all
made
Lords
of
all
Asia
,
then
of
Greece
and
Egypt
.
Vnder
the
name
of
Greece
,
may
be
comprehended
all
those
Countries
almost
as
farre
as
Sclauonia
or
Wendenland
.
And
though
at
this
present
they
are
in
possession
of
a
good
part
of
Hungarie
,
and
be
it
granted
,
that
so
it
may
fall
out
;
as
they
may
infest
Germanie
,
or
other
adiacent
Countries
:
yet
because
their
dominions
must
be
confined
to
certaine
bounds
,
and
must
not
extend
to
comparison
with
the
Romane
potencie
,
as
we
haue
formerly
shewed
:
it
is
credible
that
those
Prouinces
shall
not
fall
into
their
subiection
,
as
those
three
are
at
this
day
,
Greece
,
Egypt
,
and
Asia
.
They
shall
make
warre
with
the
Saints
,
and
rage
with
extremitie
of
crueltie
,
against
the
Professors
of
the
name
of
Christ
,
and
this
their
furie
shall
endure
till
the
end
of
the
world
as
Daniel
clearly
testifies
.
And
this
is
the
maine
cause
of
his
Prophecie
,
that
wee
being
hereby
admonished
and
ascertained
of
the
calamities
and
miseries
of
the
last
daies
,
should
not
bee
deiected
in
minde
,
but
looke
for
a
freedome
by
the
comming
of
Christ
our
Sauiour
:
who
will
presently
,
as
hee
himselfe
speakes
,
take
off
these
afflictions
,
and
transport
his
seruants
into
a
fi●me
and
peaceable
station
,
and
wipe
all
teares
from
their
eies
.
Certaine
places
in
Daniel
,
and
when
that
man
of
sinne
and
wickednesse
shall
bee
reuealed
and
disclosed
;
who
sits
in
the
Temple
of
God
,
vaunting
himselfe
as
though
he
were
God
:
for
Daniel
also
presignified
his
tyrannies
,
Sathan
,
whom
Christ
himselfe
cals
the
Prince
of
this
world
,
who
at
all
times
else
,
but
especially
in
the
last
age
of
this
fading
world
,
shall
rage
most
of
all
,
letting
loose
the
raines
of
all
his
wrath
and
furie
,
and
shall
stirre
vp
enemies
against
Christ
;
who
shall
not
onely
tyrannize
by
force
of
Armes
,
but
also
by
false
doctrine
seduce
men
into
deceit
and
errour
,
insomuch
that
the
very
elect
shall
scarce
escape
their
snares
,
Mat.
24.
Surely
this
is
the
very
time
which
Daniel
in
his
twelfth
chapter
points
at
:
being
so
full
fraught
with
affliction
and
calamitie
,
as
neuer
was
before
,
or
euer
shall
be
hereafter
.
For
he
promises
vs
no
ioy
,
but
denounces
most
cruell
persecutions
,
when
he
saies
,
that
those
calamities
which
hee
speakes
of
,
till
the
scattering
of
the
power
of
the
holy
people
bee
accomplished
.
Therefore
Gods
seruants
shall
bee
persecuted
all
the
world
ouer
,
and
the
godly
shall
be
afflicted
in
diuers
places
,
till
the
end
of
the
world
:
which
testimony
of
the
Prophet
,
or
rather
of
the
Angell
,
bereaues
vs
of
all
hope
of
reconciliation
and
aggregation
.
For
he
speakes
of
a
perpetuall
scattering
and
dissipation
;
and
after
that
dissentions
haue
arisen
about
doctrine
and
Religion
,
then
at
length
he
mentions
the
end
,
when
CHRIST
himselfe
shall
appeare
.
But
to
comfort
,
chear
vp
,
and
sustaine
those
,
that
shall
then
liue
,
presently
after
those
miseries
,
he
places
the
resurrection
of
the
dead
,
which
that
we
may
finde
to
our
ioy
and
comfort
,
wee
ought
with
seruent
prayers
to
beseech
God
.
And
Christ
himselfe
warrants
vs
for
the
credence
wee
ought
to
giue
to
Daniel
,
who
in
his
sermon
rehearses
a
place
taken
out
from
thence
,
Thus
therefore
,
these
our
times
,
being
the
most
miserable
,
we
ought
considerately
to
ponderate
and
diligently
look
into
this
Prophet
,
who
preaches
to
vs
now
acting
the
last
scene
vpon
this
worlds
stage
:
that
we
may
fortifie
our selues
,
both
in
time
of
these
present
afflictions
,
as
also
against
all
imminent
stormes
and
tempests
,
with
true
and
assured
consolation
,
as
with
a
certaine
rampire
and
bulwarke
.