A
Discovery
of
Subterraneall
Treasure
,
viz.
Of
all
manner
of
Mines
and
Mineralls
,
from
the
Gold
to
the
Coale
;
with
plaine
Directions
and
Rules
for
the
finding
of
them
in
all
Kingdomes
and
Countries
.
And
also
the
Art
of
Melting
,
Refining
,
and
Assaying
of
them
is
plainly
declared
,
so
that
every
ordinary
man
,
that
is
indifferently
capacious
,
may
with
small
charge
presently
try
the
value
of
such
Oares
as
shall
be
found
either
by
rule
or
by
accident
.
Whereunto
is
added
a
reall
Experiment
whereby
every
ignorant
man
may
presently
try
whether
any
peece
of
Gold
that
shal
come
to
his
hands
be
true
or
counterfeit
,
without
defacing
or
altering
the
forme
thereof
,
and
more
certainly
than
any
Gold-smith
or
Refiner
could
formerly
discerne
.
Also
a
perfect
way
to
try
what
colour
any
Berry
,
Leafe
,
Flower
,
Stalke
,
Root
,
Fruit
,
Seed
,
Barke
,
or
Wood
will
give
:
with
a
perfect
way
to
make
Colours
that
they
shall
not
stayne
nor
fade
like
ordinary
Colours
.
Very
necessary
for
every
one
to
know
,
whether
he
be
Travailer
by
Land
or
Sea
,
or
in
what
Country
,
Dominion
,
or
plantation
soever
hee
shall
Inhabite
.
Imprinted
at
London
by
I.
Okes
,
for
Iasper
Emery
,
and
are
to
be
sold
at
his
shop
at
the
signe
of
the
Eagle
and
Child
in
Pauls
Church-yard
next
Watlin-street
.
MDCXXXIX
.
Imprimatur
:
Tho.
Wykes
.
February
19.
1638.
TO
HIS
WORTHY
FRIEND
MASTER
William
Englebert
Esquire
.
Health
,
and
Happinesse
Temporall
and
Eternall
,
is
heartily
wished
.
SIR
,
THe
goodnesse
of
your
disposition
hath
brought
you
to
this
trouble
and
paines
at
this
time
,
to
peruse
these
Lines
;
by
giving
me
so
freely
your
Iudicious
approbation
of
my
former
labours
:
now
you
have
gotten
a
Customer
of
mee
,
for
the
like
courtesie
to
bee
renewed
;
for
which
I
shall
bee
bound
in
a
double
Bond.
When
I
reade
the
words
of
our
SAVIOVR
CHRIST
,
after
hee
had
fed
such
a
number
of
people
with
a
few
Loaves
and
Fishes
,
viz.
How
hee
Commanded
the
broken
Meate
to
bee
gathered
up
carefully
that
nothing
be
lost
;
when
as
hee
could
(
no
doubt
)
have
made
an
hundred
times
as
much
with
a
word
speaking
:
I
conceived
that
it
was
done
for
a
patterne
of
frugality
,
to
shew
us
how
carefull
wee
ought
to
bee
in
the
preservation
of
such
things
from
losse
,
which
are
ordained
to
releeve
and
sustaine
the
lives
of
Men
:
therefore
I
being
from
my
Child-hood
a
strict
observer
of
the
great
losse
that
came
to
this
Country
,
partly
through
ignorance
,
and
partly
through
negligence
,
in
raysing
that
benefit
out
of
the
superficiall
,
and
subterraneall
Treasures
of
the
Earth
,
ordained
of
GOD
(
no
doubt
)
for
the
releefe
and
sustenance
of
mens
livings
;
thought
that
I
could
not
bee
better
employed
,
then
to
advertise
the
World
thereof
,
and
to
Divulge
my
knowledge
,
and
experience
in
these
affaires
for
the
common
profit
;
deeming
my selfe
obliged
thereunto
;
for
that
it
hath
pleased
GOD
to
give
a
large
blessing
to
my
long
labours
,
and
Charges
spent
in
these
and
such
like
affaires
.
Also
when
I
heard
the
manifold
complainings
of
indigent
people
,
of
the
hardnesse
of
the
World
,
and
of
the
difficultie
of
obtaining
their
livings
:
I
have
knowne
many
people
of
indifferent
vertuous
dispositions
,
for
very
want
of
meanes
,
to
take
in
hand
some
actions
which
were
not
laudable
.
These
with
divers
other
Motives
have
beene
spurres
to
mee
,
to
Publish
not
onely
this
Booke
of
the
discovery
of
Subterraneall
Treasures
;
but
also
my
other
Booke
,
mentioned
in
the
Preface
ensuing
,
of
the
Discovery
of
hidden
Treasures
in
the
superficies
of
the
Earth
:
Both
which
Bookes
,
if
they
shall
bee
diligently
perused
,
and
industriously
practised
;
will
administer
sufficient
cure
for
all
the
Maladies
before
mentioned
.
Now
whereas
the
Custome
is
to
make
choice
of
a
Patron
to
protect
the
Author
from
the
Calumniations
of
malevolent
spirits
;
yea
,
though
experience
her selfe
(
the
Mistresse
of
Art
)
shall
be
ready
as
an
Handmaid
,
to
manifest
the
truth
of
his
assertions
;
for
that
opinion
is
generally
Deified
,
and
almost
every
where
swayeth
all
;
and
this
worthy
Mistris
Experience
(
which
suffereth
no
imposture
to
raigne
)
is
many
times
lightly
esteemed
and
thrust
out
of
the
doores
.
I
therefore
beseech
you
once
againe
to
lend
mee
your
grave
Judgement
,
and
approbation
,
ripened
by
threescore
yeares
practice
,
and
experience
,
in
things
partly
of
this
nature
,
which
I
will
make
bold
to
put
into
the
Ballance
,
to
over-weigh
the
ignorance
,
and
unskilfulnesse
of
all
detractors
whatsoever
;
making
no
question
,
but
that
as
Thunder
and
Lightning
caused
Heliogabalus
to
creepe
into
an
hole
:
notwithstanding
his
boldnesse
,
and
hardnesse
in
calme
weather
:
In
like
manner
so
manifest
experience
will
drive
away
all
Sophisticall
opposition
.
So
I
humbly
take
my
leave
Your
bounden
Servant
,
Gabriel
Plattes
.
To
the
Reader
.
WHereas
divers
reasons
have
joyned
together
to
move
mee
to
take
in
hand
this
Taske
:
I
will
declare
some
few
of
those
that
may
give
the
best
satisfaction
to
the
Reader
,
in
this
manner
following
.
First
,
when
I
considered
the
great
number
of
Treasure
and
riches
which
lyeth
hidden
in
the
belly
of
the
Earth
,
and
doth
no
good
at
all
:
and
also
the
great
benefit
which
might
accrew
to
divers
Kingdomes
and
Countries
,
by
setting
people
on
worke
;
not
onely
in
the
discovering
of
them
,
but
also
in
the
severall
opperations
about
the
digging
,
melting
,
and
refining
of
them
:
also
when
J
considered
that
the
most
part
of
the
Mines
hitherto
discovered
have
come
by
meere
accident
:
I
thought
that
J
could
not
be
better
employed
,
than
to
give
Rules
and
Directions
for
the
same
:
for
though
it
is
not
unpossible
,
that
if
two
men
be
sent
to
seeke
a
thing
that
is
lost
,
and
one
of
them
bee
hudwinked
,
and
the
other
have
the
use
and
benefit
of
his
eyes
,
yet
the
person
hudwinked
may
casually
stumble
upon
it
;
neverthelesse
it
is
twenty
to
one
that
the
other
should
have
found
it
before
him
:
so
in
this
case
,
I
dare
hazard
a
Wager
of
twenty
to
one
,
that
there
will
bee
more
good
Mines
discovered
within
seven
yeares
after
the
divulging
of
these
Rules
and
directions
,
than
hath
beene
in
twenty-seven
yeares
before
:
Also
when
I
considered
that
many
Mineralls
found
out
by
accident
,
have
come
to
no
good
by
reason
of
the
distance
of
place
from
Refiners
,
and
men
of
judgement
and
experience
:
for
that
the
finders
thereof
were
loath
to
come
so
farre
,
and
spend
so
much
money
upon
an
uncertainty
at
the
triall
thereof
would
require
:
I
thought
I
could
not
doe
a
better
deede
,
than
to
shew
the
manner
of
such
trials
in
such
plaine
manner
that
every
man
may
try
the
same
in
his
Ship
,
or
Chimney
Corner
with
little
cost
and
labour
.
And
the
truth
of
this
I
can
witnesse
by
experience
;
for
when
I
was
a
youth
,
and
had
no
skill
in
these
affaires
;
I
happened
upon
a
Minerall
faire
to
see
to
,
and
could
find
no
man
neerer
than
an
hundred
miles
which
could
enforme
me
of
the
true
value
thereof
:
whereupon
,
rather
then
to
be
at
such
charges
as
the
triall
required
,
I
suffered
the
same
to
bee
neglected
.
And
though
that
the
rules
and
directions
given
in
this
Booke
bee
exquisite
,
and
give
strong
signes
of
Mettalls
and
Mineralls
;
yet
I
would
bee
loath
that
any
man
should
be
thereby
animated
no
take
in
hand
great
Voyages
,
and
consume
his
Estate
in
the
pursuite
of
this
designe
;
deeming
them
to
bee
unpossible
ever
to
faile
:
but
rather
to
make
this
a
part
of
his
businesse
,
when
hee
shall
come
to
such
places
as
yeeld
strong
probabilities
.
And
so
farre
I
am
from
envying
the
former
wayes
in
finding
them
by
accident
,
that
I
have
partly
taken
this
paines
;
that
those
which
shall
hereafter
bee
found
by
accident
may
not
bee
neglected
as
I
conjecture
,
that
many
have
beene
by
my
owne
formerly
mentioned
.
For
I
could
wish
that
many
men
had
the
like
fortune
that
one
had
,
who
in
the
climbing
up
of
the
great
Mountaine
called
Potersee
,
in
the
Kingdome
of
Perue
in
the
West
Indies
,
tooke
hold
of
a
young
Tree
to
stay
himselfe
withall
;
and
thereby
plucked
it
up
by
the
rootes
,
whereunto
there
did
adheare
good
Silver
Oare
;
which
being
tried
and
found
rich
,
hath
ever
since
beene
wrought
upon
:
and
innumerable
treasure
and
riches
have
therehence
beene
digged
,
to
the
valew
of
many
hundred
Millions
of
pounds
Sterling
.
And
to
the
end
I
may
no
longer
stay
the
Reader
with
Preambles
,
I
will
divide
my
booke
into
12.
Chapters
,
like
as
I
did
my
Booke
Printed
Anno.
Dom.
1638.
Entituled
,
A
discovery
of
hidden
Treasure
:
wishing
all
those
that
desire
to
be
skilfull
in
these
affaires
;
to
take
a
little
paines
to
read
that
Booke
,
which
differeth
from
this
no
otherwayes
,
but
as
the
Art
of
Surgery
differeth
from
the
Art
of
Physicke
:
for
as
Surgeons
deale
chiefly
with
the
externall
parts
of
mans
body
,
yet
stand
in
need
of
the
knowledge
of
all
the
parts
;
and
as
Physitians
chiefly
deale
with
the
internall
parts
,
yet
cannot
be
without
the
knowledge
of
the
exterttall
parts
:
So
though
that
Booke
treate
wholly
upon
the
discovering
of
the
Treasures
hidden
in
the
superficies
and
exurball
parts
of
the
Terrestriall
Globe
,
yet
the
knowledge
of
many
things
therein
contained
are
very
conducible
to
make
a
skilfull
Mineralist
,
giving
you
further
to
understand
,
that
if
any
good
will
bee
done
at
all
,
it
will
bee
done
with
a
small
Charge
:
and
with
somewhat
lesse
than
before
this
Booke
was
published
;
if
you
observe
the
Contents
thereof
advisedly
:
So
I
take
my
leave
and
rest
,
Your
hearty
Well-wisher
.
G.
P.
THE
TABLE
.
-
CHAP.
1.
Wherein
is
shewed
by
a
playne
Demonstration
the
naturall
cause
of
the
Generation
and
production
of
Mountaynes
and
Mettals
:
whereby
the
Seekers
may
obtayn
a
good
competent
measure
of
knowledge
to
guide
them
where
to
seek
for
the
other
external
signs
.
-
Chap.
2.
Wherein
is
shewed
the
signes
of
Mines
and
Minerals
,
with
the
manner
how
to
worke
to
find
the
same
.
pag.
9
-
Chap.
3.
Now
that
we
are
come
to
the
melting
and
refining
of
Metals
,
I
will
begin
first
with
the
Oare
of
Lead
,
because
that
is
one
of
the
most
common
Metalls
found
in
these
Northern
Countries
.
p.
14
-
Chap.
4.
Wherein
is
shewed
the
operations
for
Tinns
.
pa.
20
-
Chap.
5
:
Wherin
is
shewed
the
operations
of
Jron
.
pa.
24
-
Chap.
6.
Wherein
is
shewed
the
operations
of
Copper
.
p.
26
-
Chap.
7.
Wherein
is
shewed
the
operations
of
Silver
.
pa.
30
-
Chap.
8.
Wherein
is
shewed
the
operations
of
Gold
:
and
reall
experiments
whereby
any
man
may
presently
trye
whether
any
peece
of
Gold
be
true
or
counterfeit
,
without
defacing
or
altering
the
forme
thereof
.
pag.
33
-
Chap.
9.
Wherein
is
shewed
how
true
and
perfit
Gold
may
be
made
by
Art
,
with
losse
to
the
workman
.
pag.
40
-
Chap.
10.
Wherein
is
shewed
the
operations
for
some
of
the
inferiour
Metals
.
pag.
44
-
Chap.
11.
Wherein
is
shewed
the
wayes
to
finde
out
pit-coales
:
Also
the
naturall
cause
of
the
generation
of
them
,
by
a
plain
demonstration
.
p.
47
-
Chap.
12.
Wherein
is
shewed
a
perfit
way
to
trye
what
colour
any
Berry
,
Leafe
,
Flower
,
Stalke
,
Root
,
Fruit
,
Seed
,
Barke
,
or
Wood
will
give
:
Also
a
perfit
way
to
make
colours
fixed
,
which
will
not
abide
the
ordinary
way
.
pag.
52.
A
Discovery
of
all
sorts
of
Mines
and
Minerals
.
CHAPTER
I.
Wherein
is
shewed
by
a
plaine
Demonstration
the
naturall
cause
of
the
generation
and
production
of
Mountaines
and
Mettals
;
whereby
the
Seekers
may
ohtaine
a
good
competent
measure
of
knowledge
to
guide
them
where
to
seeke
for
the
other
Externall
signes
.
SALOMON
sayth
,
that
Hope
deferred
breaks
the
heart
;
but
the
desire
obtayned
,
is
a
Tree
of
Life
:
If
Hope
onely
deferred
breake
the
Heart
;
then
Hope
frustrated
must
needs
breake
it
a
great
deale
more
.
To
the
end
therefore
that
our
Hope
may
not
bee
too
frequently
frustrated
,
I
will
first
declare
the
places
where
there
is
no
probability
to
finde
out
Mettalls
,
and
afterwards
I
will
shew
where
there
is
strong
probability
:
and
then
in
the
next
Chapter
I
will
shew
how
to
goe
about
the
worke
,
to
find
out
the
strong
signes
which
may
rightly
guide
the
seekers
to
obtaine
their
desire
.
And
first
,
there
is
no
probability
that
any
Mettalls
can
bee
generated
neare
unto
the
North
and
South
poles
of
the
Globe
,
for
those
can
by
no
meanes
have
any
convenient
Matrix
for
such
a
generation
,
being
by
all
probabilities
nothing
but
two
Islands
of
Ice
,
for
if
they
were
any
thing
else
,
the
course
of
Nature
must
needs
alter
,
and
change
,
and
runne
presently
out
of
order
.
For
as
there
is
in
the
burning
Zones
a
continuall
exhalation
of
Water
,
and
rarifying
of
the
same
into
Ayre
:
so
there
must
needes
bee
in
the
North
and
South
a
continuall
condensation
of
Aire
into
Water
to
supply
the
same
againe
,
else
the
motion
cannot
bee
perpetually
circular
.
Now
whereas
the
North
and
South
parts
,
by
reason
of
their
coldnesse
,
cannot
suffer
the
said
condensed
Meteors
to
descend
in
forme
of
Water
,
but
in
the
forme
of
Snow
,
Haile
,
or
some
substance
of
like
nature
,
which
there
cannot
melt
in
the
superficies
for
want
of
heate
,
it
is
very
probable
that
the
new
Accretion
this
way
produced
,
doth
presse
downe
still
with
its
weight
the
said
Ilands
of
Ice
towards
the
Center
,
where
the
centrall
heate
melteth
it
off
continually
,
by
which
meanes
the
sphericall
forme
of
both
Earth
and
Water
are
perpetually
preserved
.
And
if
any
man
bee
of
a
contrary
opinion
,
I
will
not
envie
him
;
but
as
for
my
owne
part
,
I
will
sell
my
Interest
and
hope
of
Mettalls
in
those
places
for
a
Farthing
,
although
I
had
a
device
that
the
cold
there
could
not
prevent
my
seeking
for
them
.
Also
in
Vallies
and
plaine
Champion
Countries
,
there
is
no
hope
to
prosper
in
this
designe
,
for
the
wombe
of
such
earth
is
not
apt
for
such
a
generation
,
the
Reasons
whereof
will
presently
follow
.
Now
that
wee
have
left
us
no
other
places
to
seeke
in
but
the
rocky
Mountaines
,
I
will
spend
the
rest
of
this
Chapter
in
demonstrating
the
naturall
cause
of
the
generation
of
Rocks
,
Mountaines
,
and
Metalls
,
and
so
proceed
forward
.
And
first
I
will
set
downe
the
Opinions
of
others
with
their
Confutation
,
and
lastly
the
confirmation
of
mine
owne
Opinion
by
irrefragable
Demonstration
.
Some
have
thought
that
the
mighty
Creator
made
the
vast
,
deformed
,
and
craggy
Rocks
and
Mountaines
in
the
beginning
,
but
this
appeareth
to
bee
an
Opinion
,
whereby
great
dishonour
may
reflect
upon
the
Creator
,
who
besides
his
Omnipotent
power
,
doth
continually
make
use
of
his
admirable
Wisdome
,
and
exquisite
Artifice
in
all
his
Workes
,
and
made
nothing
deformed
or
unfit
for
the
use
for
which
it
was
created
:
Now
the
Earth
being
ordained
to
beare
Fruits
for
the
use
of
Men
,
and
Rocks
are
not
fit
for
that
purpose
,
it
plainely
appeareth
that
they
came
by
accident
.
Some
others
have
thought
that
they
came
by
accident
,
but
yet
that
they
were
produced
by
accretion
in
length
of
time
,
even
as
Warts
,
Tumours
,
Wenns
,
and
Excrescences
are
engendred
in
the
superficies
of
mens
bodies
:
and
of
this
Opinion
I
my selfe
was
in
my
minority
,
till
such
time
as
by
practicall
experience
I
found
out
a
more
probable
opinion
.
Now
for
a
plaine
demonstration
,
let
this
Experiment
following
bee
tryed
,
and
I
make
no
question
,
but
that
it
will
satisfie
every
one
that
hath
an
inquisitive
disposition
.
Let
there
bee
had
a
great
retort
of
Glasse
,
and
let
the
same
be
halfe
filled
with
Brimstone
,
Sea-coale
,
and
as
many
bituminous
and
Sulphurious
subterraneall
substances
as
can
bee
gotten
:
then
fill
the
necke
thereof
halfe
full
with
the
most
free
earth
from
stones
that
can
be
found
,
but
thrust
it
not
in
too
hard
,
then
let
it
bee
luted
,
and
set
in
an
open
Furnace
to
distill
with
a
temperate
Fire
,
which
may
onely
kindle
the
said
substances
,
and
if
you
worke
exquisitely
,
you
shall
finde
the
said
Earth
petrified
,
and
turned
into
a
Stone
:
you
shall
also
finde
cracks
and
chinkes
in
it
,
filled
with
the
most
tenacious
,
clammy
,
and
viscous
parts
of
the
said
vapours
,
which
ascended
from
the
subterraneall
combustible
substances
.
Whereby
it
appeareth
that
the
same
thing
is
done
by
Nature
,
and
that
the
Rocks
and
craggy
Mountaines
are
caused
by
the
vapours
of
Bituminous
and
Sulphurious
substances
kindled
in
the
bowells
of
the
Earth
,
of
which
there
bee
divers
so
well
knowne
,
that
they
neede
not
bee
heere
mentioned
:
Also
it
appeareth
that
the
veines
of
Mettalls
are
engendred
in
the
crackes
and
crannies
of
the
said
Mountaines
,
out
of
the
most
clammy
and
glutenous
part
of
the
said
vapours
there
adhering
,
where
the
cold
gave
them
leave
to
bee
congealed
and
condensed
.
Now
concerning
the
exaltation
of
the
Mountaines
above
the
Vallies
,
it
appeareth
to
come
to
passe
by
the
water
in
former
times
,
whose
property
is
to
weare
away
by
its
motion
the
most
loose
earth
,
and
to
leave
the
more
firme
ground
,
and
rockie
places
highest
:
but
whether
this
was
done
by
Noahs
Flood
,
or
by
the
Sea
in
former
Ages
,
is
doubted
.
As
for
my
opinion
,
I
referre
the
Reader
to
my
Booke
formerly
mentioned
,
and
if
any
man
be
in
doubt
of
this
,
let
him
take
the
Stone
formerly
made
by
Art
,
and
place
it
so
,
that
the
motion
of
the
water
may
worke
upon
it
,
and
you
shall
finde
it
worne
most
in
the
loosest
places
,
and
least
in
the
more
firme
compacted
places
;
thereby
shewing
the
naturall
cause
of
Mountaines
and
Valleyes
.
Also
if
a
River
should
bee
turned
out
of
its
course
,
and
the
bottome
thereof
accurately
considered
upon
,
how
the
water
by
his
motion
hath
worne
away
the
Earth
most
in
the
loosest
Earth
,
and
least
in
that
which
is
more
firme
,
it
doth
evidently
demonstrate
the
naturall
cause
of
Hills
and
Vallies
,
and
the
unevennesse
of
the
Earth
caused
by
the
motion
of
the
Sea
in
former
Ages
.
CHAP.
2.
Wherein
is
shewed
the
signes
of
Mines
and
Minerals
,
with
the
manner
how
to
worke
to
find
the
same
.
WHen
we
come
to
the
Rocky
and
Craggy
Mountaynes
,
the
first
thing
we
are
to
observe
,
is
the
barrennesse
of
them
;
For
the
more
barren
they
are
;
the
greater
probability
there
is
that
they
containerich
Mines
and
Minerals
.
The
next
worke
is
to
finde
out
the
Springs
of
Water
issuing
out
of
the
said
Mountaynes
;
and
those
being
found
,
a
quantity
of
the
sayd
water
is
to
be
boiled
in
a
new
cleane
pipkin
,
to
the
consistency
of
thinne
Oyle
,
but
not
so
thicke
as
a
Syrrup
,
and
when
it
is
almost
cold
,
then
to
put
it
into
an
Vrinall
,
and
to
set
it
in
the
coldest
place
that
can
be
found
for
3
daies
,
then
to
play
the
Physitian
,
and
to
observe
it
exquisitly
what
residence
it
yeeldeth
:
if
nothing
settle
but
a
black
earth
or
mudde
,
it
is
a
signe
of
Coales
:
if
some
part
thereof
shoot
into
Ice
,
or
a
substance
like
Ice
or
Vitrioll
,
then
to
observe
the
colour
thereof
;
if
it
be
greene
or
blewish
,
it
is
an
evident
signe
of
Copper
;
if
whitish
,
then
it
may
signifie
any
other
Mettall
without
exception
.
The
next
worke
is
to
goe
to
the
bare
Rocks
,
and
there
to
finde
out
the
clifts
,
cracks
,
and
cranies
:
this
done
,
to
goe
to
the
toppe
:
or
till
you
finde
some
Grasse
growing
right
upon
the
top
of
the
said
Cranies
,
and
then
to
observe
diligently
the
kinde
of
that
Grasse
,
and
how
it
differeth
from
other
Grasse
,
ordinarily
growing
in
the
same
Mountaine
;
not
onely
in
forme
,
but
also
in
colour
,
which
colour
sheweth
the
greatest
difference
in
the
heat
of
Summer
,
for
the
subterraneall
Vapours
issuing
out
of
the
Orifice
of
Mines
,
differ
from
those
which
issue
out
of
the
more
solide
places
of
the
Mountaines
,
The
next
worke
is
to
see
if
there
bee
any
marcasites
to
be
found
in
the
superficies
of
the
said
Mountaines
:
which
though
they
are
usually
of
divers
colours
,
and
seldome
good
for
any
thing
,
yet
they
are
strong
signes
of
Mineralls
within
,
being
themselves
the
spume
and
froth
of
the
better
Mettals
,
breathed
forth
,
even
as
Drinke
breatheth
up
his
Yest
or
Froth
to
the
Superficies
.
And
these
if
they
be
put
in
an
ordinary
fire
,
they
will
turne
blacke
,
and
yeeld
a
smell
of
Brimstone
,
Arsnicke
,
Antimony
,
or
some
other
thing
,
commonly
called
or
knowne
by
the
name
of
a
middle
Minerall
.
The
next
worke
is
to
trie
the
operation
with
the
Virgula
divina
,
as
beneath
is
declared
:
and
where
it
sheweth
the
strongest
signes
,
as
is
likewise
beneath
taught
:
and
also
the
place
is
most
accompanyed
with
the
other
signes
formerly
mentioned
:
there
by
digging
or
boaring
to
try
your
fortunes
.
The
operation
with
the
Virgula
divina
is
thus
to
be
performed
:
some
observe
a
set
day
and
houre
with
certaine
words
and
Ceremonies
at
the
cutting
up
of
the
same
,
which
I
have
found
to
bee
little
to
the
purpose
:
thus
I
wrought
about
Midsomer
,
in
a
calme
morning
:
I
cut
up
a
rod
of
Hasell
,
all
of
the
same
springs
growth
,
almost
a
yard
long
:
then
I
tyed
it
to
my
staffe
,
in
the
middle
,
with
a
strong
thred
,
so
that
it
did
hang
even
,
like
the
Beame
of
a
Ballance
:
thus
I
carryed
it
up
and
downe
the
Mountaines
where
Lead
growed
,
and
before
Noone
it
guided
mee
to
the
Orifice
of
a
Lead
mine
:
which
I
tryed
,
having
one
with
me
with
an
hacke
of
Iron
and
a
Spade
;
and
within
two
houres
we
found
a
veine
of
Lead
Oare
,
within
lesse
than
a
foot
of
the
grasse
:
the
signes
that
it
sheweth
is
to
bow
down
the
root
end
towards
the
earth
as
though
it
would
grow
there
,
neare
unto
the
Orifice
of
a
Mine
▪
when
you
see
it
doe
so
,
you
must
carry
it
round
about
the
place
,
to
see
that
it
turneth
in
the
string
still
to
the
place
,
on
which
side
soever
you
stand
.
The
reason
of
this
attraction
I
conceived
to
bee
of
Kin
to
the
Load-stone
,
drawing
Iron
to
it
by
a
secret
vertue
,
inbred
by
nature
,
and
not
by
any
coniuration
,
as
some
have
fondly
imagined
.
And
the
Reason
of
this
my
opinion
was
,
because
that
in
divers
of
my
practicall
Experiments
I
have
observed
an
Attraction
betwixt
severall
things
,
like
that
of
the
Load-stone
,
and
Iron
;
and
if
it
were
to
good
purpose
,
I
suppose
that
I
could
shew
more
experience
of
that
kind
than
any
man
in
England
.
Now
in
the
new
Plantations
,
as
New-England
,
Virginia
,
Bermudas
,
&c.
where
it
is
like
that
few
or
none
have
ever
tryed
,
that
had
any
skill
in
these
affaires
,
it
is
very
probable
that
the
Orifice
of
divers
Mynes
may
be
discerned
with
the
eye
in
the
clifts
of
the
Rocks
in
many
places
,
as
some
have
beene
in
England
at
the
first
,
before
that
men
grew
a
little
skilfull
,
and
these
to
be
lost
and
neglected
,
were
a
shame
to
the
Planters
;
for
these
Mynes
if
they
prove
rich
,
would
yeeld
more
gaine
in
one
yeare
,
than
their
Tobacco
and
such
trifles
would
yeeld
in
their
whole
lives
.
CHAP.
3.
Now
that
wee
are
come
to
the
melting
and
refining
of
Mettalls
,
I
will
begin
first
with
the
Oare
of
Lead
,
because
that
is
one
of
the
most
common
Mettalls
found
in
these
Northerne
Countries
.
THE
first
worke
therefore
to
bee
done
,
is
to
have
a
little
grate
of
Iron
about
a
foot
broad
,
like
such
as
are
used
in
a
Still
to
make
the
fire
upon
:
this
is
to
be
placed
in
your
Chimney-corner
with
loose
Bricks
,
one
thicknesse
underneath
,
and
empty
in
the
middle
,
to
give
aire
to
the
fire
;
then
lay
more
Bricks
above
foure
course
high
,
round
about
,
and
if
they
be
laid
without
Morter
,
the
fire
will
burne
the
better
:
then
fill
it
with
Char-coales
kindled
,
in
the
middest
whereof
set
your
melting
Pot
,
with
one
pound
of
Lead-oare
,
and
foure
ounces
of
filings
of
Iron
mingled
together
,
and
so
blow
to
it
strongly
with
a
paire
of
good
hand-bellows
,
till
it
be
well
melted
downe
;
then
let
the
Pot
be
taken
out
with
a
paire
of
Tongs
,
and
set
to
coole
:
when
it
is
cold
,
breake
it
,
and
knocke
off
the
brittle
cinder
lying
upon
the
top
of
the
Mettall
with
an
Hammer
,
till
none
be
left
but
the
malleable
mettall
,
which
you
may
assay
and
refine
in
this
manner
following
:
Take
a
little
Test
made
as
beneath
,
and
place
it
in
the
middle
of
your
Chimney
;
lay
ashes
about
it
,
about
sixe
inches
broad
,
and
as
high
,
or
rather
higher
than
your
Test
:
lay
Bricks
about
the
ashes
to
hold
them
up
one
Brick
thicknesse
,
and
2.
Bricks
broad
,
then
lay
about
halfe
a
peck
of
Char-coales
upon
the
Test
kindled
,
and
when
they
are
almost
consumed
,
and
the
Test
red-hot
,
put
them
by
a
little
in
the
middest
over
the
Test
,
and
lay
over
a
peece
of
good
Oake-wood
about
five
inches
square
,
and
eighteene
inches
long
;
lay
it
so
upon
two
Tyle-sheards
,
that
it
may
lye
about
an
inch
and
an
halfe
above
the
Test
,
then
lay
on
more
ordinary
Billets
and
some
Char-coales
amongst
:
make
the
fire
about
so
strong
as
to
roast
a
Pigge
,
then
blow
to
it
a
little
,
till
the
fire
burne
cleare
,
then
put
upon
the
Test
two
Ounces
of
your
Lead
,
and
blow
to
it
gently
,
and
in
three
quarters
of
an
houre
,
all
the
Lead
will
bee
consumed
,
and
the
Silver
will
lye
in
the
middle
of
the
Test
like
a
little
Beade
or
Pearle
,
then
put
aside
the
fire
,
and
let
all
bee
cold
.
Then
you
may
weigh
the
Silver
in
a
paire
of
Gold-scales
,
and
so
cast
it
up
how
much
there
is
in
a
Tunne
of
Lead
:
I
have
thus
tryed
many
Oares
,
and
have
found
them
to
differ
in
goodnesse
of
all
sorts
,
from
Forty
shillings
worth
of
Silver
in
a
Tunne
,
to
Thirty
five
pounds
worth
of
Silver
in
a
Tunne
,
and
there
is
no
Lead
but
it
holded
some
Silver
,
yet
it
is
not
worth
the
refining
,
unlesse
it
yeeld
eight
or
tenne
pound
upon
a
Tun
at
the
least
.
The
Test
may
thus
be
made
:
first
,
let
a
Smith
make
a
Ring
of
Iron
about
foure
inches
wide
,
and
two
inches
deepe
,
and
a
quarter
of
an
inch
thick
,
and
as
wide
above
as
beneath
,
and
without
a
bottome
.
Then
burne
Mutton
and
Beefe-bones
in
the
Fire
til
they
be
white
,
then
beate
them
smal
in
a
Morter
,
and
scarce
them
fine
like
meale
:
then
with
a
little
beere
or
water
temper
a
small
part
thereof
like
pappe
,
then
put
to
so
much
more
of
the
dry
powder
by
little
and
little
,
as
will
make
it
so
stiffe
that
it
will
not
be
made
into
a
ball
,
but
remaine
clammish
,
betwixt
powder
and
paste
:
then
with
a
Pestle
stampe
it
gently
into
your
Ring
till
it
be
top
full
,
being
set
upon
an
even
board
,
then
stampe
it
a
little
lower
in
the
middle
then
at
the
edges
,
and
smooth
it
with
a
slight
stone
or
some
round
glasse
,
so
set
it
in
the
Chimney
Corner
to
drye
a
day
or
two
,
and
it
is
ready
for
your
worke
.
If
you
put
a
quarter
of
an
ounce
of
Sandivert
,
and
as
much
Salt
Peter
mingled
together
with
your
Powder
of
Lead
,
and
filings
of
Iron
at
your
first
melting
,
it
will
melt
somewhat
sooner
,
and
with
lesse
blowing
:
besides
that
the
Sinder
will
part
cleaner
from
the
malleable
mettall
.
And
if
you
want
Char-coales
,
you
may
burne
Wood
in
an
Oven
,
and
when
it
is
red
,
and
hath
done
smoaking
,
you
may
set
up
the
Oven
stone
,
and
dampe
it
.
Or
you
may
doe
the
like
in
an
open
Chimney
,
and
dampe
it
in
an
earthen
Pot
,
or
cover
it
with
Ashes
,
or
dampe
it
in
an
hole
in
the
ground
,
by
covering
it
with
a
cover
,
or
with
Ashes
.
Any
of
these
Coales
will
serve
to
make
your
assayes
and
tryalls
:
as
for
directions
for
great
workes
here
is
no
such
thing
intended
in
this
little
Booke
:
but
onely
to
be
sure
whether
the
worke
will
quit
the
cost
:
which
if
it
will
,
then
provision
for
great
workes
will
easily
be
brought
to
passe
.
And
if
you
want
pots
,
you
may
bee
at
choise
whether
you
will
buy
the
same
at
the
Gold-smiths
,
or
Potters
in
London
,
which
sell
Flanders
melting
Pots
,
of
make
them
your selfe
by
this
direction
following
.
Take
right
Flanders
Iugges
,
such
as
they
usually
put
Bottle-Beere
in
,
beate
them
to
fine
powder
,
and
searce
them
fine
as
Meale
:
Take
of
this
meale
foure
pound
,
of
the
fine
powder
of
Tobacco
pipe
Clay
one
pound
,
temper
them
together
with
the
red
fattish
water
that
issueth
out
of
an
Horse
Dung-hill
,
beate
it
strongly
upon
a
broad
board
with
a
Rowling-pin
,
till
it
be
stiffe
Paste
,
then
fashion
your
Pots
upon
a
peece
of
wood
,
turned
like
a
Toppe
,
onely
let
the
sharpe
end
of
the
Toppe
be
thicker
and
flatter
than
an
ordinary
Toppe
;
then
set
them
to
drye
in
your
Chimney
Corner
a
day
or
two
:
when
you
use
them
,
set
them
in
the
fire
at
the
first
kindling
:
and
so
let
the
Fire
steale
upon
them
till
they
be
red
hot
:
then
put
in
your
Mettle
and
ingredients
,
and
cover
it
with
a
Tile-sheard
,
or
cover
of
Iron
,
and
so
melt
it
downe
.
Chap.
4.
Wherein
is
shewed
the
Operations
for
times
.
THis
Mettall
may
be
melted
downe
like
the
Lead
,
onely
omitting
the
filings
of
Iron
:
but
when
it
is
melted
it
is
not
malleable
,
till
it
be
compounded
with
certaine
proportions
of
other
Mettalls
,
which
I
will
not
declare
,
because
it
is
a
secret
of
weight
belonging
to
the
Pewterers
Trade
.
And
as
for
refining
of
it
,
I
am
sure
it
cannot
be
done
by
any
artifice
;
for
I
suppose
that
I
have
tryed
more
experiments
about
it
,
than
any
10.
men
in
England
,
because
that
I
saw
the
Refiners
could
not
doe
it
:
therefore
I
tooke
the
more
paines
and
industry
to
bring
it
to
passe
;
which
if
I
could
have
affected
,
I
doe
verily
beleeve
it
would
have
proved
a
rich
Mettall
:
but
the
more
I
tryed
the
worse
I
sped
,
for
at
the
last
of
all
I
melted
Gold
and
Silver
equall
parts
with
the
Tinne
,
thinking
thereby
to
bring
it
downe
into
the
Lead
,
and
to
make
it
to
drive
faire
,
and
refine
kindly
,
but
all
was
vaine
,
for
the
Tinne
poisoned
and
consumed
some
of
my
rich
Mettalls
.
Now
whereas
there
is
no
hope
of
any
royall
mettall
ever
to
be
gotten
out
of
this
Minerall
:
to
supply
the
shortnesse
of
this
Chapter
,
I
will
shew
a
way
how
every
one
that
hath
a
minde
to
meddle
with
these
affaires
,
may
have
good
possibility
to
enrich
themselves
and
their
posterity
;
and
be
out
of
danger
to
undoe
themselves
,
or
to
damnifie
themselves
in
any
manner
of
value
that
is
considerable
.
For
my
meaning
is
,
in
the
taking
in
hand
of
this
taske
,
to
doe
good
to
all
,
and
hurt
to
none
:
and
that
no
man
from
henceforth
shall
need
to
bee
at
a
quarter
of
the
charge
,
study
,
or
labour
,
which
I
my selfe
have
undergone
.
Therefore
seeing
that
if
the
most
ingenious
and
exquisite
wayes
be
taken
in
the
designe
that
wit
can
attaine
unto
:
yet
it
is
but
an
adventure
;
for
sometimes
all
the
labour
may
be
lost
,
though
not
often
,
if
good
heede
be
taken
;
and
sometimes
Mines
maybe
found
,
which
will
not
quit
the
charges
to
be
wrought
upon
.
Therefore
as
wise
Merchants
will
not
hazzard
all
in
one
Bottome
,
so
let
this
never
be
any
mans
designe
totally
:
for
now
there
is
no
such
need
but
they
may
doe
all
that
can
bee
done
at
such
spare
times
,
as
any
Gentleman
,
or
man
of
quality
,
usually
spendeth
in
Hawking
,
Hunting
,
Gaming
,
or
other
pleasures
;
whereof
he
neede
but
set
a
part
of
that
time
for
these
purposes
;
having
the
most
part
of
his
worke
done
to
his
hands
in
this
little
Booke
.
If
the
Refiners
shall
grudge
at
me
,
for
disclosing
some
of
their
secrets
of
their
Trade
,
I
will
answer
them
in
this
manner
:
First
,
I
my selfe
have
spent
the
time
of
divers
Apprentiships
in
these
affaires
,
and
therefore
claime
a
priviledge
to
disclose
my
experience
for
the
publicke
benefits
at
my
pleasure
.
Secondly
,
I
affirme
,
that
there
can
be
no
damage
to
any
refiner
,
by
the
divulging
of
these
secrets
:
but
on
the
contrary
,
a
great
probability
of
much
gaine
to
that
trade
:
for
that
,
here
is
nothing
,
but
the
skill
to
make
the
assayes
disclosed
for
the
Searchers
satisfaction
,
before
he
take
in
hand
great
workes
;
which
if
he
find
cause
so
to
doe
,
I
advise
him
to
chuse
the
best
workman
that
he
can
get
,
and
one
that
hath
beene
long
experienced
in
these
Workes
;
and
in
so
doing
he
shall
prosper
the
better
in
his
designe
:
And
if
that
every
yeare
some
of
the
increase
of
that
Trade
shal
be
entertained
in
these
affaires
,
as
there
is
good
probability
they
may
;
the
rest
will
have
cause
to
give
me
thanks
for
my
paines
,
rather
than
opprobrious
speeches
.
CHAP.
5.
Wherein
is
shewed
the
Operations
of
Iron
.
AS
for
the
melting
hereof
,
seeing
that
it
is
no
worke
to
be
done
in
the
Chimney
corner
,
I
will
turne
over
the
Reader
to
learne
the
practise
thereof
in
every
Countrey
almost
where
he
shall
come
.
As
for
the
Refining
thereof
it
may
be
done
in
this
manner
:
Take
filings
of
Iron
two
parts
,
Antimony
one
part
,
it
will
melt
downe
like
your
Lead
Oare
:
take
the
pure
mettall
,
which
will
be
much
more
brittle
than
the
Lead
was
,
and
melt
it
with
foure
times
as
much
Lead
as
it
weigheth
,
then
refine
it
,
as
before
is
taught
:
if
you
know
the
goodnesse
of
your
Lead
before
,
you
may
know
the
augmentation
out
of
the
Iron
,
which
will
not
quit
the
charges
out
of
any
Iron
made
in
these
Northerne
Countries
,
nor
yet
out
of
Spanish
Iron
:
but
what
it
may
doe
out
of
Iron
made
in
the
burning
Zone
I
know
not
;
but
I
conceive
it
may
doe
well
,
if
any
such
Iron
can
be
found
and
made
in
that
Climate
.
It
is
true
,
that
good
gold
may
be
extracted
out
of
any
Iron
,
but
not
by
any
common
way
,
but
by
a
tedious
,
laborious
,
and
costly
way
:
and
when
all
is
done
,
there
will
be
no
gaine
,
unlesse
it
be
in
conceite
,
which
satisfieth
no
man
,
but
those
who
are
of
my
disposition
,
which
thinketh
experience
to
bee
the
greatest
gaine
that
can
bee
in
the
world
.
CHAP.
6.
Wherein
is
shewed
the
Operations
of
Copper
.
FIrst
,
take
your
Oare
,
and
breake
it
into
little
peeces
,
about
the
bignesse
of
Hazell
Nuts
:
then
lay
a
Leere
of
small
Char-coales
,
an
inch
thick
in
your
Chimney
Corner
:
then
lay
on
your
peeces
of
Oare
,
then
lay
on
more
Char-coales
an
inch
and
an
halfe
thick
upon
the
Oare
,
then
kindle
it
,
and
let
the
fire
burne
out
of
it selfe
.
Then
beate
it
into
small
powder
,
and
mingle
it
with
your
Sandiver
,
and
Salt-Peter
,
as
you
did
your
Lead
,
without
any
filings
of
Iron
,
and
so
melt
it
downe
as
you
did
your
Lead
Oare
:
onely
this
difference
must
be
used
,
by
reason
that
it
is
harder
of
fusion
than
the
Lead
Oare
:
therefore
you
must
lay
the
bricks
somewhat
wider
than
you
did
for
the
Lead
,
that
it
may
hold
more
Coales
:
besides
that
,
you
must
take
the
choysest
Coales
that
can
be
picked
out
,
and
no
very
small
ones
amongst
them
:
also
you
must
have
two
paire
of
hand-Bellowes
,
and
two
men
to
blow
very
strongly
,
and
so
melt
it
downe
.
As
for
the
refining
it
is
needlesse
to
shew
the
manner
;
for
no
Copper
in
these
Northerne
Countries
holdeth
any
royall
Mettal
,
that
is
considerable
;
neither
English
nor
Danske
Copper
:
yet
in
regard
that
in
some
Mines
in
Hungarie
,
there
is
generated
Gold
,
Silver
,
and
Copper
,
all
in
one
masse
of
Oare
:
and
also
in
regard
that
if
any
Mines
of
Copper
shal
be
discovered
in
Virginia
,
or
other
southerne
Countries
,
there
is
some
good
probability
that
it
may
containe
royall
Mettal
:
therefore
I
wil
shew
the
manner
how
to
refine
it
,
and
also
to
part
the
Gold
from
the
Silver
,
if
it
shal
containe
both
together
.
First
,
melt
one
ounce
of
Copper
with
foure
ounces
of
such
Lead
,
as
you
know
the
goodnesse
of
before
:
then
refine
it
,
and
by
the
augmentation
,
you
shall
know
the
worth
of
the
royall
mettall
contained
in
the
Copper
.
If
you
will
trye
whether
the
Copper
contained
any
gold
in
it
,
put
the
assay
,
viz.
the
little
Bead
or
pearle
of
silver
into
good
Aqui-fort
is
well
purified
before
,
and
if
all
dissolve
then
the
Coppcr
held
no
gold
;
but
if
it
leave
a
black
powder
undissolved
,
that
is
gold
:
for
Lead
holdeth
no
Silver
that
hath
any
gold
in
it
at
all
:
therefore
it
is
evident
that
the
Gold
came
out
of
the
Copper
.
But
if
it
happen
,
as
often
it
doth
in
the
refining
of
base
Mettals
,
especially
Tinne
,
Iron
,
and
Copper
,
that
the
little
Bead
,
or
Pearle
remaining
in
the
middle
of
the
Test
,
is
not
bright
and
shining
,
like
the
eye
of
a
Bird
,
or
Fish
,
but
rough
,
blacke
,
and
full
of
scurfe
;
then
if
it
be
but
a
little
in
quantity
,
an
I
that
the
Test
be
not
cracked
not
●●ll
of
lifts
,
then
put
to
it
some
more
of
the
same
Lead
,
whereof
you
know
the
goodnesse
,
and
drive
it
off
againe
as
you
did
at
the
first
;
and
re-iterate
this
worke
till
the
assay
be
pure
and
cleane
like
a
little
Pearle
,
or
Bead
,
as
it
ought
to
be
.
But
if
it
happen
that
the
Test
is
very
foule
,
as
often
it
commeth
to
passe
in
the
Refining
of
strange
Minerals
,
as
Marcasites
,
and
especially
those
which
the
Minerallists
call
by
the
name
of
Divells
Dirt
:
Then
there
is
no
way
but
to
let
all
coole
;
and
then
to
digge
it
out
,
and
with
more
Lead
to
melt
it
anew
in
a
Pot
,
and
then
to
let
it
coole
,
and
then
to
breake
the
Pot
,
and
to
beate
off
the
Cynder
with
an
hammer
,
till
you
come
to
the
malleable
Mettall
,
and
you
may
be
assured
that
no
royall
Mettall
will
stay
in
the
Cinder
,
but
sinke
downe
into
the
Lead
,
through
an
attractive
vertue
betwixt
them
.
CHAP.
7.
Wherein
is
shewed
the
Operations
of
Silver
.
AS
for
the
melting
thereof
,
when
it
is
found
in
the
Mine
of
Lead
,
the
Operation
is
taught
in
the
Chapter
of
the
Lead
:
but
if
it
be
found
by
it selfe
,
or
mixed
with
Gold
without
Lead
,
as
many
times
it
commeth
to
passe
,
then
it
is
to
be
beaten
to
powder
,
and
mixed
with
Sandivere
,
and
Salt-Peter
,
without
any
filings
of
Iron
,
and
so
melted
downe
like
the
Lead
Oare
;
only
the
fire
must
be
somewhat
stronger
.
Then
it
is
to
be
melted
with
foure
times
as
much
Lead
,
whereof
you
know
the
goodnesse
:
and
so
to
be
refined
,
as
before
is
declared
.
But
whereas
sometimes
this
Oare
is
so
strongly
mixed
with
Sparre
,
and
stony
substances
,
that
it
cannot
be
separated
therefrom
,
by
any
common
manner
of
worke
used
by
the
refiners
;
then
this
course
is
to
be
taken
with
it
:
First
,
beate
it
into
small
powder
;
then
wash
away
with
water
the
greatest
part
of
the
terrestreity
and
filth
:
then
drye
the
powder
,
and
use
it
in
this
manner
.
First
,
melt
foure
ounces
of
Lead
,
and
when
it
is
melted
put
to
it
foure
ounces
of
quick-silver
,
made
hot
in
another
melting
pot
:
but
let
the
Lead
be
almost
cold
before
you
put
to
the
Quick-silver
:
but
yet
it
must
be
done
whilst
that
the
Lead
is
liquid
.
This
done
,
cast
it
into
an
Iron
Morter
,
set
warme
before
upon
Embers
,
and
it
will
be
like
Pap
;
then
presently
with
a
Pestell
,
labour
in
one
ounce
of
your
powder
,
or
two
at
the
most
,
till
it
be
incorporated
;
or
so
much
thereof
as
will
incorporate
:
for
the
strong
and
earthy
substance
will
not
incorporate
with
the
Lead
and
Quicke-silver
by
any
Artifice
whatsoever
:
but
the
silver
,
if
any
there
be
,
will
forsake
the
Earthy
and
stony
substance
,
and
ioyne
it selfe
with
the
Lead
and
Quick-silver
by
an
attractive
vertue
.
This
done
,
put
it
altogether
into
a
melting
Pot
▪
with
a
little
Sandivere
,
and
Salt
Peter
,
and
melt
it
downe
as
you
did
the
Lead
Oare
:
onely
this
must
be
observed
,
that
the
sire
must
be
more
milde
at
the
fitst
a
great
deale
,
till
the
Quick-silver
be
evapourated
,
and
more
strong
at
the
last
,
that
all
may
slow
well
together
.
Then
take
out
the
Pot
,
and
let
it
coole
;
then
breake
it
,
and
with
an
hammer
beate
off
all
the
Cynder
and
Scurfe
,
till
nothing
be
left
but
malleable
mettall
.
Then
refine
it
according
to
the
common
manner
before
declared
,
and
cast
up
with
your
Penne
the
augmentation
that
is
more
than
the
Lead
yeelded
of
it selfe
:
and
if
there
be
no
augmentation
,
then
that
Minerall
stone
contained
neither
gold
nor
silver
:
for
this
is
the
most
exquisite
way
in
the
world
to
reduce
gold
or
silver
,
which
is
hard
to
be
reduced
to
a
mettallicall
body
,
through
being
strongly
mixed
with
either
corrosive
substances
,
or
any
other
filth
which
hindreth
his
reduction
:
therefore
if
this
way
faile
,
you
may
set
your
heart
at
rest
for
the
seeking
out
of
any
other
devices
whatsoever
,
though
the
glistering
sparkes
contained
in
the
said
Minerall
doe
never
so
strongly
invite
you
;
and
you
may
conclude
with
the
old
saying
,
that
all
is
not
gold
that
glisters
.
But
if
it
prosper
,
and
yeelds
any
augmentation
that
is
considerable
:
then
if
you
desire
to
know
whether
there
was
any
Gold
mixed
with
the
Silver
,
as
oftentimes
there
is
,
where
silver
is
sound
without
lead
,
then
put
the
little
bead
,
or
pearle
of
silver
,
which
remained
on
the
Test
into
Aqua-fortis
,
and
if
all
dissolve
,
then
there
is
no
glold
in
that
Mineral
;
but
if
a
black
powder
remaine
,
then
that
is
gold
,
and
the
quantity
may
be
found
by
further
triall
.
CHAP.
8.
Wherein
is
shewed
the
Operations
of
gold
:
and
reall
experiments
whereby
any
man
may
presently
trye
whether
any
peece
of
gold
bee
true
or
counterfeit
,
without
defacing
or
altering
the
forme
thereof
.
As
for
the
melting
of
it
:
if
it
be
found
mixed
with
silver
Oare
,
as
oftentimes
it
commeth
to
passe
,
then
it
is
to
be
melted
,
refined
,
and
parted
from
the
silver
with
Aqua-fortis
,
as
is
before
declared
,
and
if
there
bee
not
five
times
as
much
silver
,
as
there
is
gold
in
the
composition
,
then
you
must
put
to
so
much
,
or
else
the
Aqua-fortis
will
not
dissolve
it
.
But
if
it
be
found
in
graines
or
powder
,
as
often
times
it
is
,
then
you
must
put
to
it
Borax
in
stead
of
Sandiver
and
Salt
Peter
,
and
so
melt
it
downe
as
you
did
the
other
Oares
before
mentioned
.
Now
for
so
much
as
this
mettal
is
the
most
rich
of
all
the
rest
,
and
most
thirsted
after
,
I
wil
enlarge
my
Discourse
for
the
gaining
of
means
to
find
it
out
:
also
I
wil
shew
the
reason
why
this
royal
Mettal
is
many
times
found
pure
of
it selfe
,
with
little
or
no
mixture
of
other
base
mettal
with
it
.
And
first
,
whereas
it
is
oftentimes
found
in
the
sand
in
Rivers
,
let
no
man
thinke
that
it
could
be
generated
there
,
but
that
the
swift
motion
of
the
water
from
the
high
Mountaines
,
brought
it
thither
,
with
earth
and
altogether
,
till
such
time
as
the
motion
of
the
Water
grew
more
slow
:
and
so
according
to
its
property
,
being
not
able
to
carry
forward
stil
both
the
substances
,
did
still
carry
the
earth
with
it
,
and
let
the
heavier
body
sinke
.
Therefore
I
would
have
those
that
have
occasion
to
deale
in
the
hot
Countries
where
gold
is
usually
generated
,
to
make
triall
in
all
such
Rivers
which
runne
from
great
Mountains
with
a
swift
course
in
such
places
,
where
the
motion
of
the
water
beginneth
to
grow
slow
.
And
for
this
purpose
he
may
have
a
little
Bucket
of
Iron
that
will
not
lie
in
the
bottom
,
but
on
one
side
,
which
side
must
have
a
shooe
like
a
shovell
;
so
that
being
drawne
a
little
forward
,
as
it
lyeth
in
the
bottome
it
will
fill
it selfe
with
sand
:
which
you
may
try
by
grinding
it
with
Quick-silver
whether
it
containe
any
gold
:
for
if
there
be
any
gold
in
the
sand
,
it
will
mixe
with
the
quick-silver
willingly
:
then
you
may
wash
away
all
the
sand
,
and
streine
the
quick-silver
through
a
skinne
of
leather
,
and
if
any
gold
be
gathered
into
it
,
there
wil
remaine
a
Ball
in
the
Leather
:
then
you
may
evapourate
the
Quick-silver
from
the
Ball
in
a
melting
pot
,
and
so
melt
downe
the
gold
with
a
little
Borax
.
Also
sometimes
gold
is
found
in
Rivers
in
powder
and
graines
,
farre
distant
from
any
mountaines
of
swift
motion
of
water
:
this
plainly
demonstrateth
that
the
earth
therabout
containeth
gold
:
a
thing
usually
in
hot
Countries
,
and
that
the
water
in
that
place
had
a
convenient
motion
to
weare
away
the
earth
,
and
to
leave
the
gold
behind
,
and
this
is
manifestly
seene
by
experience
where
they
wash
whole
mountains
of
earth
with
water
,
thereby
to
separate
the
gold
from
it
.
Now
whereas
I
have
formerly
affirmed
that
al
mettals
in
general
are
generated
of
the
clammy
and
gluttenous
part
of
the
subterrancall
vapours
,
arising
from
from
Bituminous
and
Sulphurous
substances
,
kindled
in
the
bowells
of
the
earth
:
it
behooveth
me
to
shew
how
gold
,
such
a
sixed
substance
can
be
found
pure
of
it selfe
;
and
not
mixed
with
other
base
mettals
.
And
the
reason
of
this
can
be
no
other
,
but
because
that
all
other
mettalls
whatsoever
will
putrifie
in
the
earth
in
length
of
time
,
&
turne
to
earth
againe
;
but
gold
wil
never
putrifie
by
reason
of
his
excellent
composition
,
being
made
of
a
Balsamick
Sulphure
,
or
fatnes
,
which
is
incombustible
,
and
distereth
from
the
Sulphure
or
fatnes
contained
in
the
other
mettalls
,
even
as
naturall
Balsome
differeth
from
all
other
oyles
,
fat
substances
:
so
that
though
it
be
an
oyle
in
shew
,
yet
it
wil
sink
in
water
,
whereas
all
other
oyles
wil
swimme
upon
the
top
of
the
water
.
And
this
is
the
cause
why
gold
sinketh
so
eagerly
in
water
,
which
may
be
proved
by
weighing
a
20.
shillings
peece
of
gold
against
his
Brasse
weight
,
and
then
letting
his
scales
sink
in
a
Bason
of
water
3.
or
4.
inches
deep
,
the
gold
wil
there
over-weigh
the
brasse
about
9.
or
10.
grains
,
by
reason
that
the
brasse
is
more
enclined
to
swimming
through
the
cumbustible
fatnes
or
sulphure
in
its
composition
;
and
as
for
the
20.
shillings
peece
,
so
for
any
other
peece
of
gold
whatsoever
according
to
its
several
brasse
weight
you
may
in
like
manner
try
whether
it
be
true
or
counterfeit
.
Now
whereas
the
substance
of
gold
is
not
subiect
to
putrifie
in
the
earth
by
any
length
of
time
,
it
is
probable
enough
that
other
mettalls
might
be
generated
with
it
at
the
first
,
and
afterward
putrified
&
consumed
from
it
in
length
of
time
,
leaving
the
gold
pure
.
For
I
have
drawne
Iron
,
or
a
substance
much
like
to
filings
,
or
attoms
of
Iron
out
of
graine
gold
that
was
brought
from
Gynnie
with
a
Load-stone
,
which
seemed
to
bee
Iron
not
fully
putrified
,
and
turned
into
earth
.
And
the
reason
why
the
hotter
the
Country
is
,
the
richer
the
Minerals
are
,
can
be
no
other
but
the
same
,
that
roasted
meates
are
sweeter
than
boyled
meates
,
or
raw
meates
:
the
reason
whereof
is
plaine
,
for
that
the
rawish
and
unsavory
part
is
exhaled
by
the
heate
of
the
fire
,
leaving
the
sweeter
part
behind
.
Even
so
in
hot
Countries
,
all
that
part
of
the
subterraneall
vapours
,
which
here
is
condensed
into
Lead
,
and
other
base
mettalls
,
can
there
have
no
leave
to
congeale
,
by
reason
of
the
heate
:
but
is
all
or
most
part
thereof
exhaled
out
of
the
Mines
,
leaving
behind
the
royall
mettals
,
whose
property
is
to
coagulate
with
heat
:
whereas
the
property
of
the
base
mettalls
is
to
evapourate
with
heate
and
to
congeale
with
cold
.
The
contrary
opinion
to
this
;
namely
that
the
substance
of
the
best
metals
are
convertible
into
royal
mettals
by
heate
and
digestion
,
hath
filled
the
world
with
false
Books
and
receipts
in
Alchimy
,
and
hath
caused
many
men
to
spend
much
money
,
labour
,
study
,
and
charges
to
no
purpose
.
For
I
know
by
good
and
long
experience
,
and
by
many
accurate
trialls
that
Quick-silver
the
most
friendly
mineral
to
the
royall
mettalls
,
can
by
no
meanes
or
Artifice
whatsoever
be
fixed
and
coagulated
into
either
of
the
Royal
Mettalls
:
also
I
have
found
since
that
no
Author
of
any
credit
or
Reputation
teacheth
any
such
thing
,
but
contrarily
,
condemneth
all
such
operations
to
be
false
,
vaine
and
frivilous
.
For
the
matter
or
substance
of
the
Royal
mettals
is
quite
contrary
to
that
of
the
base
mettals
,
even
as
the
fixed
salt
of
any
vegetable
is
different
from
the
volatill
or
fugitive
salt
of
the
same
.
Yet
I
deny
not
but
that
by
Art
there
may
be
drawne
some
smal
fixed
part
out
of
the
base
mettalls
,
and
may
be
converted
into
Royall
Mettall
,
though
with
much
labour
,
charges
,
and
losse
.
For
as
a
Tree
or
other
vegetable
being
burned
,
doth
yeeld
a
fixed
salt
or
Ashes
:
so
the
base
mettalls
doe
containe
in
them
some
small
quantity
of
matter
of
the
same
nature
that
the
royall
mettals
are
compounded
of
.
And
for
the
further
satisfaction
to
the
Reader
,
I
will
shew
in
the
next
Chapter
a
true
receite
to
make
reall
and
true
gold
abiding
all
tryalls
,
and
having
all
properties
active
and
passive
which
true
naturall
gold
hath
:
but
in
stead
of
gaine
,
losse
will
be
ready
to
follow
the
worke
.
CHAP.
9.
Wherein
is
shewed
,
how
true
and
perfect
gold
may
bee
made
by
Art
with
losse
to
the
workman
.
Thus
I
wrought
.
I
Tooke
eight
ounces
of
Regulus
of
Iron
and
Copper
,
made
as
beneath
is
declared
,
and
16.
ounces
of
common
Sublimate
,
bought
at
the
Apothicaries
,
&
made
these
ingredients
into
line
powder
:
first
,
severally
,
and
then
I
ground
them
well
together
upon
a
Marble
stone
,
and
so
put
them
into
a
a
retort
of
glasse
,
and
drew
from
them
first
an
Oile
,
then
a
substance
like
a
Butter
,
and
lastly
a
yellow
Sublimate
,
tincted
with
the
tincture
of
Iron
and
Copper
,
which
yellow
Sublimate
I
rectified
three
or
foure
times
,
till
it
was
very
pure
:
then
I
mixed
it
with
equal
parts
of
an
Amalgam
of
silver
,
and
quick-silver
,
made
as
beneath
is
taught
,
and
put
it
into
another
retort
of
Glasse
,
and
forced
away
all
but
the
silver
,
which
remained
like
yellow
horn
:
this
yellow
silver
I
amalgamed
againe
with
new
quick-silver
,
and
set
it
in
gentle
heat
about
a
week
,
then
in
very
strong
heat
for
6.
houres
;
so
that
the
quick-silver
rose
up
,
and
fell
downe
again
upon
the
silver
;
till
such
time
as
that
it
had
carryed
up
all
the
silver
from
the
bottome
of
the
glasse
into
branches
like
trees
:
then
I
melted
downe
the
silver
,
and
sined
it
,
and
parted
it
with
Aqua-fortis
,
and
had
divers
graines
of
pure
&
good
gold
abiding
all
tryalls
:
but
the
quantity
would
not
pay
for
halfe
the
charges
and
labour
.
I
made
the
Regulus
thus
:
I
took
4.
ounces
of
Iron
in
stub
nailes
,
and
made
them
red
hot
in
a
crusible
:
and
then
I
put
to
it
8.
ounces
of
crude
antimony
,
and
melted
it
downe
,
and
when
it
was
well
and
thin
melted
,
I
let
it
coole
in
the
pot
,
&
so
knockt
off
the
regulus
from
the
lop
,
or
cynder
which
lay
upon
the
top
of
it
,
then
I
did
the
like
with
4.
ounces
of
Copper
in
thin
plats
:
&
then
I
mixed
equall
parts
of
these
two
,
and
melted
them
3.
or
4.
times
,
every
time
casting
into
the
pot
halfe
an
ounce
of
salt
peter
,
as
it
was
in
melting
to
purifie
it
,
till
it
was
pure
&
bright
almost
like
silver
,
but
yet
brittle
:
so
that
I
could
beat
it
in
a
Morter
to
fine
powder
.
The
yellow
silver
that
was
like
yellow
horn
,
did
Amalgam
with
much
difficulty
,
&
grinding
with
salt
and
vinegar
,
and
some
of
it
was
lost
,
doe
what
I
could
:
but
the
first
silver
was
water
silver
,
which
I
bought
at
the
refiners
,
out
of
which
they
had
taken
all
the
gold
before
:
this
did
Amalgam
very
easily
,
then
I
strained
it
to
a
Ball
through
a
Leather
skinne
,
and
so
mixed
it
with
the
yellow
sublimate
that
was
tincted
yellow
with
the
tincture
of
Iron
and
Copper
.
The
proportion
of
the
quick-silver
to
the
silver
was
5.
or
6.
parts
to
one
.
If
any
one
doubt
the
truth
of
Alchimy
,
he
may
be
satisfied
by
this
triall
;
but
in
stead
of
gaine
he
shall
pay
for
his
learning
,
by
going
away
with
losse
.
I
doe
not
deny
but
there
are
workes
of
lesse
losse
and
charge
,
yet
none
of
them
lucrous
by
reason
of
the
change
of
times
.
For
if
any
one
will
uphold
me
as
good
a
lease
,
or
purchase
of
land
,
as
I
can
prove
by
credible
records
,
hath
bin
had
in
former
times
for
an
ounce
of
gold
,
I
will
undertake
to
make
an
ounce
of
gold
by
Art
to
pay
for
it
,
and
yet
have
a
good
bargaine
.
But
the
difference
of
times
hath
confounded
this
Art
,
as
may
appeare
more
plainly
beneath
.
First
,
in
ancient
times
a
mans
worke
was
not
worth
above
a
penny
a
day
,
which
now
is
worth
two
shillings
sixe
pence
a
day
,
as
may
appeare
by
ancient
records
for
buildings
,
and
the
like
:
so
that
there
is
thirty
to
one
losse
in
the
workmanship
.
Secondly
,
then
coales
,
vessels
,
&
other
things
necessary
for
these
affaires
did
cost
little
,
in
respect
of
the
charge
now
.
Thirdly
,
when
the
gold
was
made
,
it
would
then
have
bought
thirty
or
forty
times
as
much
,
either
lands
,
leases
,
victuals
,
or
workmanship
as
now
.
So
that
I
conclude
,
that
then
the
owners
of
this
Art
might
gaine
30.
or
40.
for
one
,
and
yet
now
they
shall
lose
extreamly
.
The
cause
that
moved
me
to
search
so
much
into
these
affaires
,
was
,
because
I
saw
by
the
bookes
,
that
so
divers
men
in
divers
ages
,
and
in
divers
Countries
did
agree
in
one
tale
;
wherby
I
conceived
it
unpossible
to
be
a
lye
,
now
I
conceive
it
might
be
true
,
but
that
the
times
have
made
an
alteration
.
CHAP.
10.
Wherein
is
shewed
the
operations
for
some
of
the
inferiour
Mineralls
.
AS
for
these
base
Minerals
,
viz.
Cinabar
naturall
,
Antimony
,
Sulphur
,
Auripigment
,
Arsenick
,
Talcum
,
Muscovy
glasse
,
Emery
,
and
many
other
things
of
like
nature
,
because
they
are
of
small
value
,
and
not
worth
the
seeking
for
on
set
purpose
,
I
will
omit
further
to
discourse
of
them
:
if
any
man
shall
find
them
,
or
any
of
them
,
by
accident
,
let
him
use
his
owne
pleasure
,
skill
,
and
industry
in
the
proceeding
of
them
.
Neverthelesse
,
because
Cinabar
naturall
may
containe
much
quick-silver
,
which
is
very
usefull
for
many
things
,
&
may
prove
as
beneficial
as
a
good
mine
of
mettal
,
especially
if
it
shall
be
found
in
great
plenty
:
I
wil
therfore
shew
the
refining
separating
,
&
purifying
of
the
same
in
smal
proportion
:
so
that
if
it
shal
be
found
a
profitable
work
,
then
the
finder
thereof
may
proceed
to
a
greater
work
.
The
first
thing
then
to
be
done
,
is
to
consider
of
the
weight
therof
:
if
it
be
very
ponderous
,
reddish
in
colour
,
and
ful
of
cleare
streakes
,
shining
almost
like
the
streaks
of
Antimony
,
then
it
is
a
good
signe
of
a
rich
Mine
.
The
first
trial
to
be
made
thereof
is
to
weigh
a
peece
thereof
,
and
so
put
it
into
a
gentle
fire
for
an
houre
or
two
,
in
such
sort
that
it
may
onely
be
red
hot
;
then
to
let
it
coole
,
and
to
weigh
it
againe
,
&
so
by
the
lightnesse
thereof
,
being
compared
with
the
former
weight
,
you
may
iudge
somewhat
of
the
richnesse
thereof
.
Then
take
a
pound
thereof
,
&
beat
it
into
fine
powder
,
&
mingle
it
well
with
as
much
unslect
Lime
,
put
it
into
a
retort
of
glasse
,
luted
with
Potters
clay
,
and
some
horse
dung
well
beaten
and
tempered
together
;
then
set
it
in
a
little
furnace
in
your
Chimny
corner
,
&
force
it
with
fire
12.
houres
:
let
it
be
kept
red
hot
the
last
4.
houres
,
and
let
the
nose
of
the
glasse
enter
into
another
glasse
,
filled
almost
full
of
water
,
in
such
manner
that
the
vapours
of
the
Cinabar
must
needs
enter
into
the
water
,
for
the
better
condensation
thereof
into
quick-silver
.
This
done
,
separate
your
quick-silver
in
the
bottom
of
the
water
,
and
drie
it
,
and
weigh
it
;
if
you
find
the
quantity
considerable
,
then
you
may
proceed
in
this
manner
.
First
,
make
an
hole
in
the
earth
with
very
good
tempered
clay
that
wil
hold
water
,
and
let
it
be
narrow
in
the
bottome
,
and
wider
and
wider
above
to
the
toppe
to
the
breadth
of
2.
or
3.
or
4.
yards
;
then
fill
the
Pit
with
water
,
&
lay
over
it
barres
of
iron
of
sufficient
strength
and
thicknesse
to
beare
the
burden
that
must
lye
upon
it
;
and
let
them
lye
so
neare
together
that
the
stones
&
wood
cannot
fal
through
:
then
lay
thereupon
a
leere
of
drye
wood
,
and
a
leere
of
your
red
stone
not
broken
small
,
and
so
doe
againe
till
it
be
a
yard
thick
or
more
,
then
give
fire
to
it
on
the
wind
side
,
and
goe
away
out
of
the
danger
of
the
fumes
,
till
you
see
a
far
off
that
the
fire
is
finished
and
burned
quite
out
.
Then
repaire
to
your
worke
,
and
let
out
the
water
through
a
pipe
of
Lead
,
which
should
be
formerly
laid
almost
at
the
bottome
of
the
Pit
,
into
another
pit
neare
to
it
,
made
so
deepe
that
it
may
receive
the
water
,
and
in
the
bottome
you
shall
finde
great
store
of
Quick-silver
,
if
the
Mine
was
good
.
The
water
may
be
pumped
up
againe
to
serve
the
next
day
for
the
same
use
;
and
you
need
but
to
take
up
a
few
of
the
bars
of
Iron
every
day
to
goe
downe
into
the
pit
,
to
take
out
your
Quick-silver
,
and
so
lay
them
downe
againe
.
CHAP.
II.
Wherein
is
shewed
the
waies
to
find
out
Pit-coales
:
also
the
naturall
cause
of
the
generation
of
them
,
by
a
plaine
demonstration
.
THough
this
Minerall
be
of
small
value
,
yet
if
a
good
Mine
thereof
shall
be
discovered
in
some
particular
places
of
this
land
,
the
benefit
thereof
will
farre
exceed
the
profit
of
any
mettall
Mine
usually
found
in
these
Northerne
Countries
,
by
reason
that
wood
is
so
greatly
decayed
of
late
yeares
,
that
were
it
not
for
this
helpe
many
people
would
be
in
danger
to
be
starved
.
The
first
thing
therefore
which
I
would
have
to
be
diligently
observed
is
;
that
this
Mineral
is
usually
found
in
ground
that
is
proane
to
beare
wood
and
thornes
,
and
not
in
the
very
fertile
grounds
,
nor
yet
in
the
extreame
barren
grounds
,
but
of
an
indifferent
fertility
,
and
in
grounds
that
are
usually
flower
in
their
growth
in
the
Spring
time
,
than
the
fertile
Champion
countries
by
a
week
or
a
fortninght
.
Also
the
said
grounds
are
proane
to
bring
forth
large
Cattell
,
and
well
horned
:
but
not
to
feed
the
said
Cattell
without
a
long
time
,
nor
yet
will
they
ever
be
very
fat
upon
the
same
ground
.
Also
the
springs
issuing
out
of
the
said
grounds
,
are
apt
to
colour
the
earth
ruddy
at
their
Orifice
,
like
unto
the
rust
of
Iron
.
Also
the
said
spring
water
being
boiled
as
before
is
taugh
,
doth
usually
yeeld
a
black
residence
.
Also
if
you
burie
a
new
bowle
of
pure
white
Wood
in
the
said
grounds
,
from
March
till
Midsummer
,
with
the
mouth
downeward
,
it
wil
be
coloured
blackish
,
with
the
subterraneal
vapours
.
Also
I
had
a
receipt
given
me
for
this
purpose
by
one
,
that
for
his
great
experience
,
and
excellent
skill
in
naturall
causes
,
seemed
to
be
one
of
Natures
Darlings
:
which
because
I
have
nor
tryed
,
for
want
of
opportunity
,
I
will
commend
it
as
a
very
probable
signe
,
and
give
such
Cautions
,
that
any
man
may
be
sure
of
it
,
before
he
trye
his
fortunes
by
digging
or
boaring
,
or
any
chargeable
way
.
And
this
was
his
direction
:
about
the
middle
of
May
,
when
the
subterraneall
vapours
are
strong
,
which
may
be
discerned
by
the
Firne
,
which
about
that
time
will
suddenly
grow
out
of
the
earth
in
a
night
or
two
,
almost
an
handful
in
length
,
then
take
a
pure
white
peece
of
Tiffany
,
and
wet
it
in
the
dew
of
the
grasse
,
which
is
all
of
that
springs
growth
,
and
not
soyled
with
cattell
,
nor
no
other
thing
,
then
wring
out
the
dew
from
it
;
and
do
so
five
or
sixe
times
,
and
if
there
be
coales
the
Tiffany
will
be
alittle
blacked
,
and
made
foule
with
the
sooty
vapours
arising
through
the
Coales
,
and
condensed
amongst
the
dew
.
Now
to
be
sure
not
to
be
deceived
,
do
thus
:
first
trye
it
where
there
are
coales
,
and
if
ye
find
the
signes
above
said
,
yet
trust
not
to
the
experiment
,
till
you
have
tried
where
there
is
no
Coales
in
some
other
place
,
wherein
it
behoveth
you
to
trye
in
divers
places
,
till
you
find
a
place
where
the
Tiffiany
is
not
soyled
at
all
:
then
you
may
be
sure
that
the
experiment
is
true
and
unfailable
.
I
admonish
him
that
shal
trie
with
the
Tiffany
upon
the
dew
,
to
let
his
hands
be
washed
before
with
sope
&
hot
water
;
&
wiped
with
a
pure
white
cloth
,
til
they
wil
not
foule
the
cloth
at
al
;
else
if
they
spend
their
mony
in
digging
,
&
find
nothing
,
they
may
thank
their
foule
fingers
for
that
misfortune
.
As
for
the
naturall
cause
of
the
generation
of
Coales
,
this
demonstration
following
doth
make
it
manifest
.
Take
a
peece
of
the
blacke
fat
earth
,
which
is
usually
digged
up
in
the
west
Countrey
,
where
there
are
such
a
multitude
of
Firre
trees
covered
therewith
,
and
which
the
people
use
to
cut
in
the
forme
of
Bricks
,
and
to
drye
them
,
&
so
to
burne
them
in
stead
of
coales
;
use
this
substance
as
you
did
the
other
earth
in
the
beginning
of
the
booke
,
to
find
out
the
natural
cause
of
rocks
,
stones
,
and
mettalls
,
and
let
it
receive
the
vapours
of
the
cumbustible
substances
,
and
you
shall
find
this
fat
earth
hardned
into
a
plaine
coale
;
even
as
you
found
the
other
Ieane
earth
hardned
into
a
stone
.
Whereby
it
appeareth
that
nature
doth
the
same
thing
in
the
generation
of
coales
under
the
ground
,
by
the
indurating
of
a
fat
earth
with
the
subterraneal
vapours
which
are
apt
to
work
a
various
effect
according
to
the
substance
which
they
meet
withall
.
Now
wheras
some
of
inquisitive
dispositions
wil
desire
to
know
the
naturall
cause
of
that
fat
earth
,
generated
in
such
subterraneall
Cavernes
,
let
them
be
pleased
to
consider
that
such
places
in
former
times
have
bin
the
superficies
of
the
earth
,
and
afterward
have
bin
covered
by
the
sea
with
other
earth
,
which
may
be
demonstrated
by
two
wayes
:
first
,
it
is
evident
that
the
mines
of
Coales
doe
lye
in
some
places
higher
,
and
in
other
places
lower
,
lively
resembling
the
superficies
of
the
earth
,
which
is
never
directly
equal
,
but
every
where
various
.
Secondly
,
every
one
may
see
in
the
west
Country
,
where
such
a
multitude
of
Firre
trees
doe
lie
covered
so
deepe
in
the
earth
,
that
the
superficies
of
the
earth
was
deeper
then
it
is
now
in
former
ages
,
when
those
trees
were
brought
thither
by
the
sea
:
for
it
is
evident
that
they
never
grew
there
:
first
,
for
that
there
groweth
no
Firre
trees
in
that
Countrey
:
secondly
,
for
that
they
doe
lie
crosse
,
and
in
such
uncooth
manner
,
that
no
humane
strength
could
ever
imitate
nor
paralell
by
any
device
whatsoever
.
Also
they
may
see
the
power
of
the
sea
to
alter
the
superficies
of
the
earth
,
by
the
multitude
of
earth
there
laid
so
many
yards
deepe
upon
the
top
of
the
trees
.
Also
they
may
see
that
the
sea
doth
make
the
difference
of
the
nature
of
earthes
by
its
varirious
motion
,
as
well
as
the
unevennesse
therof
by
hills
and
vallies
:
for
there
they
may
see
that
some
earth
will
burne
,
and
some
will
not
burne
,
being
both
sorts
brought
thither
by
the
Sea
,
as
appeareth
evidently
by
the
former
discourses
.
Also
the
sea
never
resting
,
but
pepetually
winning
land
in
one
place
,
and
losing
in
another
,
doth
shew
what
may
be
done
in
length
of
time
,
by
a
continuall
operation
,
not
subiect
unto
ceasing
,
or
intermission
.
CHAP.
12.
Wherein
is
shewed
a
perfect
way
to
trye
what
colour
any
Berry
,
Leafe
Flower
,
Stalke
,
Root
,
Fruit
,
Seed
,
Barke
,
or
Wood
will
give
:
also
a
perfect
way
to
make
colours
fixed
,
which
will
not
abide
the
ordinary
way
.
HEre
I
must
confesse
a
manifest
digression
from
my
Subiect
:
yet
in
regard
of
the
great
benefit
which
this
experiment
may
bring
to
the
Countrey
,
out
of
the
new
Plantations
,
and
other
places
,
where
it
is
very
probable
that
many
of
these
things
be
hidden
and
unknowne
,
I
wil
crave
pardon
,
for
that
my
intent
was
chiefely
to
prevent
the
losse
of
those
things
which
may
doe
much
good
,
were
it
not
through
ignorance
or
negligence
.
First
then
take
halfe
a
pint
of
water
,
and
halfe
a
pint
of
float
,
made
as
beneath
,
2.
penny
weight
of
Allom
,
12.
graines
of
Tartar
finely
beaten
,
&
put
all
into
a
Tinne
vessel
,
which
is
better
than
earth
lead
,
or
copper
;
set
it
on
a
Trivet
to
dissolve
the
Allom
upon
a
gentle
fire
:
as
soone
as
it
beginneth
to
boile
,
take
a
peece
of
white
wollen
cloth
,
well
scoured
with
Sope
,
fullers
earth
,
or
Lee
,
or
altogether
,
to
take
out
the
grease
of
it
,
being
wel
washed
out
with
faire
water
,
&
then
dryed
in
the
aire
or
Sun
,
not
by
the
fire
:
the
cloth
must
weigh
but
halfe
an
ounce
;
then
tie
a
thrid
to
the
end
of
the
cloth
,
&
when
the
liquor
beginneth
to
boile
,
then
put
in
the
cloth
,
&
let
it
boile
an
houre
;
then
take
out
the
cloth
,
let
it
coole
,
wash
it
in
two
or
three
waters
;
then
take
any
berry
leafe
,
flower
,
stalke
,
root
,
fruit
,
seed
,
barke
,
or
wood
,
and
bruise
them
wel
;
put
them
in
faire
water
,
and
boyle
them
with
a
gentle
fire
to
extract
the
tincture
;
then
put
in
the
cloth
formerly
prepared
,
which
wil
shew
what
Colour
they
will
give
.
To
make
the
Float
.
Boyle
an
Hogs-head
of
water
,
then
cast
in
a
Bushell
of
wheate
Branne
,
then
draw
the
fire
,
then
let
it
stand
three
or
foure
dayes
,
till
it
grow
sowrish
.
But
for
small
tryalls
a
little
will
serve
,
observing
proportion
betweene
the
Water
and
the
Branne
.
A
proportion
must
be
observed
in
the
allowing
of
all
stuffes
before
they
receive
their
colours
:
First
,
the
proportion
of
Allom
to
the
water
;
which
is
one
of
Allom
to
16.
of
water
,
and
floate
:
Secondly
,
the
proportion
of
the
Tartar
to
the
Allom
;
which
is
one
of
Tartar
to
4.
of
Allom
:
Thirdly
,
the
proportion
of
Allom
to
the
Cloath
,
which
is
one
of
Allom
to
five
of
the
Cloath
.
Note
that
all
silkes
must
be
Allomed
cold
,
or
else
they
will
lose
their
luster
.
The
way
to
finde
what
tincture
is
hidden
in
any
vegetable
or
in
any
part
thereof
.
Take
the
vegetable
,
being
cut
green
,
&
stamp
and
grind
the
same
,
as
if
it
were
to
make
iuice
thereof
,
then
presse
out
the
superfluous
moisture
;
the
remainder
make
up
in
Balls
,
and
lay
them
up
together
,
that
they
may
gather
a
little
heat
,
but
let
them
not
heat
too
much
,
for
then
they
will
turne
to
dung
:
these
being
sufficiently
fermented
must
be
dryed
,
and
afterwards
used
as
Oade
is
used
.
Another
way
as
Indico
is
made
.
Make
a
pit
with
Timber
and
boards
,
about
a
foote
deep
,
and
as
wide
,
and
as
long
as
you
please
,
being
well
clayed
in
the
bottome
and
sides
;
then
fill
this
pit
with
any
vegetable
cut
greene
;
then
put
as
much
water
to
it
as
wil
cover
the
herbes
:
let
it
stand
exposed
to
the
Sunne
two
or
three
daies
:
then
with
a
plugge
at
the
bottome
draw
out
all
the
water
,
and
cast
it
away
:
then
fill
the
pit
againe
with
fresh
water
,
and
when
it
hath
stood
the
like
time
,
draw
it
away
as
the
former
:
this
do
so
often
,
till
you
find
that
the
herbe
will
be
easily
brought
into
a
mussilage
;
then
it
must
be
trod
,
and
beaten
with
wodden
instruments
,
like
rammers
,
til
it
wil
come
al
to
a
mussilage
:
then
it
must
be
taken
and
wrung
through
haire
Sives
,
like
Cassia
Fistula
extracted
,
to
keepe
the
stalkes
,
and
great
Fibres
for
passing
through
:
afterwards
the
Mussilage
or
pappe
that
passeth
through
,
must
be
dryed
in
the
Sunne
,
and
so
formed
into
Cakes
like
to
Indico
.
Another
way
.
Take
the
vegetable
cut
greene
,
and
stampe
and
grind
it
:
then
take
an
Hogs-head
and
fill
it
with
halfe
water
,
and
halfe
bruised
herbes
,
set
it
out
of
the
Sunne
,
with
the
bung
hole
open
two
or
three
inches
,
till
it
firment
and
worke
like
Wine
or
Beere
:
after
it
hath
done
working
the
Herbes
will
sinke
,
which
at
the
first
did
swimme
,
and
the
liquor
will
grow
a
little
sowrish
;
then
let
it
be
set
abroad
in
the
Sunne
,
and
brought
into
vinegar
,
as
wine
and
Beere
is
brought
into
vinegar
,
and
then
that
colour
can
never
bee
stained
with
other
Vinegar
or
Vrine
,
because
it
is
sufficiently
impregnated
,
and
his
appetite
satisfied
with
his
owne
proper
Vinegar
:
when
his
substance
is
thus
turned
into
Vinegar
,
the
cleare
Vinegar
must
be
drawne
from
it
,
the
remainder
must
be
used
as
the
former
Indico
,
and
some
water
to
that
,
to
bee
sure
to
fetch
out
all
his
tartarous
mussilage
,
must
be
put
to
the
Vinegar
,
and
dryed
away
in
the
Sunne
,
and
so
they
come
like
Indico
:
In
tincturamtartarizatam
fixam
Ide
occulto
in
manifestum
.
And
whereas
Barkes
,
Woods
,
and
Rootes
are
of
a
drye
composition
,
and
will
not
ferment
of
themselves
with
water
like
greene
Herbes
,
or
vegetables
:
therefore
they
must
be
well
ground
,
or
thinne
shaven
,
and
there
must
bee
added
in
stead
of
Water
,
Iuice
of
Grapes
,
Peares
,
Apples
,
or
Wort
made
of
Malt
,
or
other
graine
,
into
which
the
Wood
,
Barke
,
or
Rootes
must
be
put
:
let
them
ferment
together
,
and
afterwards
be
turned
into
Vinegar
;
then
the
cleare
Vinegar
must
be
extracted
:
be
residue
of
the
tincture
must
bee
extracted
with
fresh
water
,
and
both
of
them
must
be
breathed
away
in
the
Sunne
,
as
before
,
and
so
brought
in
his
perfect
tincture
.
By
this
which
hath
beene
declared
in
this
Chapter
,
it
may
appeare
to
every
one
having
an
inquisitive
disposition
,
what
is
the
true
naturall
cause
why
some
colours
are
fixed
,
and
wil
not
staine
with
vinegar
,
urine
,
nor
yet
fade
with
the
Aire
;
which
hath
in
it
a
certaine
acetosity
,
or
sharpe
aiery
salt
of
the
nature
of
vinegar
,
which
those
tinctures
draw
to
them
,
which
have
not
their
appetites
fully
satisfied
before
with
such
spirituall
or
aiery
salts
;
and
this
is
further
manifest
for
that
all
such
tinctures
which
are
most
firme
&
fixed
,
&
are
not
subiect
to
staining
or
fading
,
being
tasted
upon
the
tongue
,
may
be
felt
somewhat
sharpish
or
sowrish
.
And
the
cause
of
this
appetitive
and
attractive
vertue
in
colours
is
no
other
but
the
very
same
which
is
betwixt
the
Load-stone
and
Iron
:
for
take
the
Load-stone
,
and
burne
it
till
all
his
blew
vapour
be
exhaled
,
and
then
he
will
draw
no
more
Iron
:
thereby
shewing
plainely
,
that
it
was
that
aiery
salt
,
tincted
with
the
venereall
,
or
vegetable
greennesse
,
which
the
iron
thirsted
after
,
to
satisfie
his
thirsty
and
drye
nature
and
constitution
,
which
he
got
by
his
calcination
and
fusion
.
And
the
like
attraction
may
be
discerned
by
the
intellectuall
eyes
,
in
anything
that
is
strongly
burnt
,
so
that
all
his
spirits
are
exhaled
:
as
Lime
will
draw
the
aiery
substance
to
him
,
and
thereby
quench
himselfe
:
Also
Tartar
burned
,
and
laid
in
the
Aire
,
will
draw
the
sharper
part
of
the
aire
to
it
,
and
thereby
dissolve
it selfe
;
and
in
summe
,
all
corporeal
substances
,
the
more
they
have
lost
their
spirituall
parts
by
naturall
,
or
artificiall
operation
,
the
stronger
is
their
Attractive
vertue
.
Now
in
stead
of
filling
the
Readers
head
with
Proclamations
,
I
will
conclude
my
Booke
with
giving
case
to
his
memory
,
by
prescribing
what
necessaries
he
is
to
provide
for
the
accomplishing
of
his
severall
designes
,
in
his
Voyages
or
Plantations
,
whither
his
occasions
shall
draw
him
.
And
first
for
him
that
will
onely
trie
his
fortunes
in
the
searching
for
Mineralls
.
He
will
neede
nothing
but
two
or
three
Pipkins
,
two
or
three
Vrinalls
,
an
Iron
Picke-Axe
wel
steeled
,
a
Spade
,
and
a
Crow
of
Iron
,
if
he
will
be
at
the
charge
thereof
:
but
there
is
no
great
necessity
:
also
if
he
bee
not
acquainted
with
the
severall
Oares
of
mettalls
,
it
will
be
convenient
that
he
take
with
him
a
little
peece
of
every
sort
of
Oares
:
or
so
many
severall
kindes
as
he
can
get
.
And
for
him
that
would
proceede
further
,
to
trye
the
value
of
them
himselfe
,
he
must
provide
these
things
following
.
A
Grate
of
Iron
of
a
foote
broad
,
some
Bricks
,
two
paire
of
good
hand-bellowes
,
a
paire
of
Tonges
,
some
Lead
,
Salt-Peter
,
Sandiver
,
Borax
,
Flanders
melting
Pots
,
a
ring
of
Iron
for
the
Test
,
an
hatcher
,
or
hand-saw
to
cut
wood
:
some
good
Aqua
fortis
,
Weights
and
Scales
:
and
if
any
man
be
not
active
handed
,
he
may
have
a
man
for
a
trifle
to
shew
him
the
Manuell
practice
in
a
day
before
he
goe
his
voyage
.
And
for
him
that
will
search
for
Dying
stuffes
,
hee
may
see
in
the
last
Chapter
what
things
he
shall
stand
in
neede
of
:
Also
the
other
Chapters
may
be
perused
,
whereby
every
one
may
be
the
better
accommodated
for
their
severall
enterprises
.
FINIS
.