¶
The
first
booke
.
¶
Of
the
diffinition
of
warre
.
WArre
generallye
,
is
sayd
to
bee
the
exercyse
of
armes
,
agaynst
enemies
.
But
properlye
,
it
is
,
a
Contention
between
princes
or
estates
,
by
armes
and
force
of
men
,
vnder
orders
and
gouernment
,
to
obtaine
victorye
.
Victorie
consisteth
in
three
pointes
:
in
Conquering
and
subduyng
the
dominions
,
bodyes
,
or
goodes
of
the
enemies
.
The
endes
of
warres
,
are
twayne
.
-
-
Immediate
,
to
obtaine
victory
.
-
Mediate
,
to
liue
the
better
afterwardes
in
peace
and
honour
.
¶
The
diuision
of
warre
.
Warre
is
deuyded
into
three
sortes
or
kindes
.
-
-
In
the
open
fielde
.
-
-
By
Incursion
or
skirmish
:
-
By
battel
ioyned
.
-
Within
wall
or
trench
of
place
fortified
.
-
By
Nauie
on
the
Sea
.
THe
skill
and
knowledge
of
all
which
,
are
verie
necessarie
for
our
nation
,
but
especially
of
the
first
&
the
last
.
Now
for
explanation
of
the
diffinition
aboue
,
I
wil
go
vnto
the
singuler
partes
there
of
.
Warre
is
first
sayd
to
be
a
contencion
which
is
deryued
of
the
latine
woord
tendo
:
it
signifieth
properly
to
bende
,
so
that
with
this
particle
,
Con
,
it
is
by
the
Etymologie
or
Interpretation
of
the
woord
,
a
bendyng
of
the
forces
,
an
inclinyng
of
al
endeuour
,
a
striuinge
vnto
some
purpose
,
betwene
what
parties
?
it
followeth
,
betwene
princes
or
estates
,
for
if
it
be
betwene
subiectes
without
aucthoritie
of
the
prince
,
it
is
a
faccion
,
&
if
the
same
be
vsed
agaynst
the
prince
,
it
is
a
rebellion
,
a
contention
against
lawe
,
duetye
naturall
,
allegeaunce
,
and
agaynst
the
common
wealth
.
By
what
meanes
and
instrumentes
is
this
stryfe
made
and
pursued
?
By
armes
and
force
of
menne
,
whych
are
to
bee
vsed
for
the
defence
of
the
Realme
,
Territories
,
Lawes
,
bondes
,
libertyes
and
rightes
of
the
same
.
And
this
same
power
of
men
,
which
is
the
pythe
and
matter
of
the
warre
,
is
also
to
receyue
some
forme
which
shapeth
things
in
their
perfeccion
:
&
that
therein
is
guyde
&
gouernment
,
for
without
order
and
conduct
,
thys
force
is
not
woorthye
the
name
of
warre
:
but
it
is
a
tumulte
,
route
or
assemblie
of
people
,
prepared
not
for
victorie
,
but
runnynge
headlong
,
or
rather
tumblinge
headlesse
into
Ruine
.
So
that
it
is
to
bee
concluded
,
that
a
prynce
for
the
ordayninge
and
waginge
of
warre
,
is
to
prepare
and
gather
together
a
power
of
men
vnder
orders
and
gouernmentes
,
whych
power
so
appoynted
,
is
called
an
armye
,
the
seuerall
bandes
and
partes
whereof
must
haue
sundrie
guydes
and
Captaynes
:
and
ouer
the
whole
bodie
The
diffinition
of
an
armie
.
of
the
armie
,
there
is
to
be
constituted
and
ordained
one
generall
head
or
gouernour
.
¶
Of
the
generall
.
WIth
the
head
of
thys
armye
,
wee
will
beginne
our
second
chapter
,
for
that
the
same
consystyng
of
a
Captayne
,
and
souldiours
,
the
captaine
is
the
pryncipall
part
thereof
,
vppon
whom
the
greatest
wayght
,
and
hope
of
the
warres
lyeth
,
not
in
the
force
of
hys
personne
,
whych
is
but
one
singuler
man
,
but
in
hys
policie
and
skyll
,
in
leadynge
and
orderynge
of
his
armie
,
in
vsing
the
aduantages
,
and
foreseeynge
the
preiudices
of
warre
.
As
by
sundrie
examples
wee
shall
well
prooue
,
who
hath
not
read
,
that
Ninus
kynge
of
the
Assiryens
,
by
industrie
and
deedes
of
armes
,
Ninus
.
(
wherein
hee
caused
his
souldiers
to
bee
practysed
)
raysed
thereby
&
set
vp
the
first
Monarchy
or
greatest
estate
of
the
worlde
.
And
agayne
,
it
is
as
well
knowne
,
that
the
same
nation
,
beeing
effeminate
vnder
the
dissolute
raigne
of
Sardanapalus
,
for
want
of
discipline
and
good
guyde
of
warre
,
Sardanapal
.
was
subdued
by
the
Medes
,
whom
beefore
they
had
conquered
,
and
their
empire
earst
honourablie
aduaunced
,
now
shamefullie
lost
and
taken
from
them
:
where
they
were
lordes
,
they
became
vssalles
and
captyues
,
by
the
valure
,
and
good
partes
of
a
Captaine
.
Milciades
of
Athens
,
hauinge
the
conduct
of
twelue
thousand
menne
,
Milciades
,
ouerthrewe
and
vanquished
an
army
of
an
hundred
thowsand
footemen
,
and
twoe
thowsand
horsemen
,
sent
by
the
first
Darius
,
sonne
of
Hydaspis
,
to
inuade
Grecia
.
And
not
longe
after
,
Darius
the
greatest
armie
that
euer
was
assembled
(
by
report
of
histories
)
lead
by
Xerxes
king
of
Persia
for
the
same
purpose
,
that
the
other
of
Darius
was
Xerxes
.
before
into
Grecia
,
amounting
nighe
to
the
number
of
tenne
hundred
thousand
men
(
by
the
consent
of
the
best
wryters
)
was
by
the
politike
and
valiant
Themistocles
vanquished
,
first
in
a
battaile
on
the
Sea
,
&
afterwards
his
captaine
Mardonius
with
his
whole
power
conquered
in
the
field
the
Mardonius
.
Grecians
,
them
not
farre
exceding
the
number
of
a
100.
thousand
men
.
Cimon
also
about
that
time
a
captaine
of
Lacaedemon
,
by
like
valure
&
with
a
lesse
army
,
Cymon
of
Lacedaemon
.
preuailed
against
great
powers
of
the
Persians
by
Sea
.
And
Alcibiades
the
excellent
Captaine
of
Athens
beyng
no
lesse
ouermatched
with
number
Alcibiades
.
of
men
and
munition
or
furniture
of
warre
,
with
the
skattered
forces
and
repulsed
power
of
Mindaerus
&
Pharnaebazus
.
Leonidas
with
4000.
as
some
write
Celtae
.
Brennius
&
Belinus
English
men
,
sonnes
of
Donwallo
a
Saxon
King.
the
Atheniens
,
both
by
Sea
and
land
ouerthrew
the
Persians
and
Lacaedemoniens
,
vnder
Mindarus
and
Pharnabazus
their
Captaines
.
In
the
begynning
of
these
warres
,
the
redoubted
Leonidas
with
vj.
hundred
Lacaedemoniens
,
slew
nigh
20.
thousand
of
the
Persians
,
at
their
entryng
into
Grecia
.
Furius
Camillus
,
when
the
Celtae
led
by
Brennus
and
Bellinus
,
had
conquered
Italy
,
and
sacked
Roome
,
gathering
together
the
dispersed
relickes
and
broken
bands
of
the
armie
before
conquered
,
by
wonderful
hardines
&
prowesse
,
sodainly
assayling
Furius
.
Camillus
.
the
Celtes
in
their
retorne
homewards
,
ouerthrew
them
,
and
bereft
them
of
all
the
spoyles
&
prises
which
they
had
taken
before
.
Martius
Coriolanus
,
the
noble
Romaine
,
when
he
had
by
Romaines
,
Martius
.
Coriolanus
.
ouerthrowen
the
Volsciens
&
conquered
of
their
terrytories
and
townes
,
beyng
afterwards
ingratefullie
banished
of
his
countrey
,
and
inuading
the
same
with
a
power
of
Volsciens
,
beeinge
the
same
people
,
which
late
beefore
was
vanquished
,
vnder
an
other
Captayne
,
now
by
his
conduct
,
the
Romaines
being
ouer
runne
,
&
the
enemies
at
the
walles
of
their
Citie
,
they
are
constrained
to
craue
peace
,
and
to
entreate
of
Martius
by
all
meanes
for
their
sauftie
.
The
subtil
Hanniball
,
Hanniball
,
which
had
ouerthrowen
many
Captains
and
battals
of
the
Romaines
by
the
knackes
and
fine
fetches
of
a
cunning
Captaine
,
yet
was
he
not
onely
matched
:
but
also
mated
or
wearied
by
Fabius
,
by
Fabius
.
policy
,
delaying
to
ioigne
battail
til
he
had
much
worne
and
spent
the
other
with
trauail
&
want
of
necessaries
for
his
armie
(
which
could
not
be
sup
plied
at
all
times
from
Carthage
beyng
so
farre
distant
)
vnto
Hanniball
,
as
they
might
be
vnto
Fabius
,
at
home
.
But
Scipio
afterwards
,
goyng
beyond
Scipio
.
all
the
cunning
of
Hanniball
,
conquered
hym
in
his
owne
countrey
.
And
the
Macidoniens
,
(
for
further
proofe
of
this
theme
,
for
the
importance
&
regarde
of
the
guyde
&
Captaine
)
vnder
the
conduct
of
Alexander
the
great
,
they
conquered
the
greatest
part
of
the
world
:
&
the
same
people
not
Alexander
.
long
after
,
vnder
other
gouernment
,
wyth
their
King
Perseus
,
and
their
countrey
,
were
by
Paulus
Aemelius
a
famous
Captayne
of
the
Romaynes
Paulus
Emelius
.
Perseus
.
subdued
.
So
to
be
short
(
for
that
this
matter
is
conuenient
to
bee
touched
hereafter
)
The
vertue
,
wisedome
,
and
dyligence
of
the
Captayne
in
takinge
of
some
aduauntages
,
&
his
circumspect
dealinge
,
causeth
great
assurance
and
confidence
of
the
armie
,
and
his
courage
and
skill
in
vsing
&
moouing
of
souldiers
,
maketh
of
a
cowardlie
people
,
hardie
:
and
the
want
of
the
same
maketh
the
hardie
people
fearefull
,
and
of
noe
force
.
¶
Of
the
vertues
and
qualities
which
a
Captaine
ought
to
vnderstand
to
be
requisite
for
that
function
,
and
to
be
endeuoured
of
him
.
THe
gouernment
&
charge
of
a
General
or
Captaine
is
great
,
&
therefore
he
ought
to
be
furnished
and
endewed
with
great
vertues
.
For
an
armie
of
souldiers
,
which
are
chosen
of
the
lustyest
&
strongest
men
of
the
realme
,
of
what
importance
&
regarde
it
ought
to
be
,
it
is
easelye
discerned
,
for
it
is
the
strength
of
the
Realme
,
the
wall
of
the
common
wealth
,
the
piller
whereupon
the
estates
of
all
men
therein
do
stand
.
And
therefore
amonge
other
vertues
,
these
fiue
a
good
Captaine
must
nedes
haue
.
That
is
to
say
,
knowledge
,
&
iudgement
in
martial
affaires
,
Magnanimitie
or
valiaunt
courage
,
Iustice
,
Prudence
,
&
tender
affeccion
,
diligent
care
or
regarde
ouer
his
souldiers
and
armie
.
For
knowledge
:
first
,
that
he
consider
the
maner
of
the
warre
,
the
qualities
of
the
countrey
,
and
people
,
against
whom
he
is
to
fight
,
that
he
may
chose
,
and
weapon
his
souldiers
,
apoint
&
order
his
bandes
&
army
accordinglye
,
as
for
example
,
in
plaine
&
open
countryes
,
the
more
shott
&
horsemen
may
auaile
,
especiallie
if
there
bee
store
of
forage
with
all
,
and
for
Incursion
the
morelight
horse
,
&
lesse
cariages
be
necessarie
,
the
reason
is
plaine
,
for
that
they
are
to
shift
from
place
to
place
,
spedily
to
annoye
then
emie
here
and
there
,
whereunto
in
the
plaine
fieldes
they
haue
scope
at
will
,
Captaynes
also
haue
ben
skilfull
to
trayne
souldiers
,
to
practyse
them
in
exercyses
apt
and
auaylable
for
the
warres
,
by
excellent
&
fitt
meanes
,
to
plant
&
graft
in
them
courage
.
And
further
,
especiall
regard
must
be
had
of
the
state
&
scituation
of
the
countrey
,
waies
,
&
grounds
,
for
the
saufe
passinge
conductinge
and
setling
of
his
armie
or
campe
,
for
chosing
the
field
or
place
for
battaile
,
that
he
leade
not
his
armie
into
any
trappes
,
ambushes
or
streightes
.
Arterentius
Varro
was
deluded
&
hemmed
in
by
Hanniball
at
the
battaile
of
Cannae
in
Italie
:
to
the
vtter
ouerthrowe
&
destruccion
of
the
Romaine
armye
,
&
surely
,
if
the
general
be
a
man
learned
,
as
the
For
this
purpose
great
Alexander
caried
Homer
alwaies
in
his
pocket
.
most
excellent
captaines
haue
ben
,
he
shall
reade
of
like
thinges
,
the
knowledge
whereof
is
most
auaylable
in
the
warres
,
and
the
experience
of
the
like
hearde
of
,
and
in
longe
time
obtayned
.
¶
Of
Magnanimitie
and
prowesse
in
the
generall
.
THen
must
there
bee
lynked
and
ioyned
wyth
knowledge
,
the
second
vertue
,
that
is
highnes
&
hardines
of
courage
,
to
atchiue
great
and
honourable
thinges
which
if
it
be
accompanied
and
furnyshed
with
valure
and
force
of
bodie
in
a
Captaine
,
somtimes
by
his
owne
prowesse
to
giue
example
to
the
rest
it
is
farre
the
better
.
And
therefore
,
it
is
to
be
noted
that
verie
seldome
through
out
the
histories
of
all
times
,
a
man
shall
reade
of
any
great
victories
or
conquests
had
or
made
,
but
the
generall
was
a
man
hardie
,
&
able
of
his
owne
bodie
for
seruice
.
I
could
recompt
aboue
an
hundred
of
the
greatest
captains
&
victours
,
that
haue
ben
valiaunt
men
of
person
:
&
amonge
all
,
I
remember
some
of
the
other
sort
,
good
guides
of
warre
without
any
great
force
of
body
,
as
King
Numa
,
Aristides
,
Eumenes
,
&
some
wemen
,
as
Marthesia
,
Penthesilia
,
and
diuers
of
the
Amazones
,
Semiramis
,
&
Thomiris
,
two
Queenes
,
wemen
of
weake
bodies
,
and
yet
of
high
&
victorious
myndes
,
obtained
great
victories
,
vnder
their
owne
conduct
,
being
present
in
the
fielde
.
Of
latter
time
the
cursed
Machomet
,
being
nothing
valiant
of
person
,
by
diuelyshe
sleightes
and
enchauntmentes
,
and
thorough
the
infidelitie
of
others
,
made
sundrie
great
conquestes
.
And
the
vngracious
Pucelle
of
Fraunce
,
in
the
tyme
of
Kyng
Henrie
the
sixt
hys
warres
there
,
by
the
meanes
of
the
superstitious
myndes
of
the
Englyshe
men
preuayled
more
in
diuers
iourneys
&
attempts
against
them
,
then
any
generall
or
French
Captaine
before
could
doe
by
force
.
These
be
straunge
and
rare
examples
,
but
generally
to
conclude
:
prowesse
and
force
in
the
person
of
a
Captaine
is
greatly
auaylable
.
For
it
is
Heroicum
of
most
high
noblesse
or
valure
.
a
part
of
Fortitude
,
and
is
called
Heroique
.
¶
Of
Iustice
.
Cap.
v.
THen
followeth
the
third
vertue
Iustice
,
whych
is
a
deuyne
motion
or
affection
of
the
mind
to
deale
vprightly
,
and
to
render
vnto
euery
man
that
which
vnto
him
belongeth
.
Yt
may
be
called
a
deuyne
vertue
,
for
that
it
procedeth
principally
of
the
feare
of
GOD
,
who
is
the
head
and
fountaine
of
all
Iustice
,
by
whom
al
power
is
geeuen
,
to
bee
duely
vsed
and
administred
.
And
hee
is
the
most
high
and
aeternall
Iudge
ouer
all
.
This
vertue
Pius
-
-
in
deum
.
-
in
homines
.
is
one
of
the
braunches
of
pyetie
,
by
whych
good
and
vpright
men
be
called
godly
,
or
like
vn
to
God
.
The
other
part
or
braunch
of
pietye
,
is
to
serue
God
religiously
,
and
duely
,
which
because
it
ought
to
bee
a
ground
worke
,
proper
vnto
euery
Christian
man
:
therfore
haue
I
not
noted
the
same
as
a
peculier
or
perticuler
vertue
heare
:
But
I
say
the
more
Christian
the
meater
Captaine
,
and
the
better
hee
serueth
God
:
the
better
hee
shall
hys
Prince
and
Countrey
.
In
this
vertue
of
Iustice
the
Captaine
ought
to
bee
very
diligent
and
circumspect
to
see
as
well
the
iust
rewardes
of
vertue
,
as
the
due
punishment
and
correction
of
tumultes
,
rapyne
,
iniuryes
,
disorder
and
breach
of
discipline
and
lawes
of
warre
,
wherein
,
the
quantitie
and
qualitie
with
the
circumstances
of
time
,
person
,
&
place
,
is
to
be
waighed
in
iudgement
by
the
paise
of
wysedome
,
in
the
balance
of
endifferency
,
hanging
vpon
the
beame
and
rule
of
right
,
that
reformation
may
grow
,
and
not
confusion
follow
there
of
:
that
by
example
of
a
feaw
,
many
may
be
warned
,
and
yet
no
such
remisse
clemencie
to
be
vsed
,
that
negligence
of
Iustice
should
breake
all
good
order
.
But
if
by
faire
meanes
or
perswasion
,
the
euil
might
be
wonne
or
reformed
,
it
is
first
so
to
be
assayed
,
and
when
none
other
remedy
,
then
rygour
roughly
to
be
extended
:
How
be
it
,
often
times
the
greatnes
of
the
mischiefe
requireth
sodaine
iustice
.
For
in
warres
,
the
like
time
of
deliberation
&
staye
in
iudgement
and
execution
is
not
giuen
,
as
in
peace
,
for
the
generall
affaires
and
state
of
the
armie
,
maye
not
be
stayed
or
neglected
,
for
priuate
causes
.
And
therefore
the
Captaines
dome
,
order
,
or
sentence
,
in
this
case
of
spedie
Iustice
,
standeth
for
law
,
and
is
called
martial
lawe
.
This
lawe
king
When
martiall
lawe
is
to
be
vsed
,
and
how
.
Artaxerxes
vsed
towardes
Artabanus
,
when
he
had
slaine
his
father
Xerxes
,
and
his
brother
Darius
,
conspiring
also
to
dispatche
him
,
and
vsurpe
the
Empyre
:
After
that
he
had
certaine
&
secrete
vnder
standing
thereof
,
because
that
for
the
great
power
of
him
and
his
sonnes
,
yt
was
daungerous
to
apprehende
him
,
he
discloseth
the
same
vnto
some
of
his
trusty
friendes
,
and
calling
Artabanus
out
of
the
armye
,
fayning
that
he
would
chaunge
his
armour
with
him
,
when
he
had
put
of
the
same
,
the
King
remayning
stil
armed
,
thrust
him
thorough
with
his
swerd
,
and
so
deliuered
his
estate
from
daunger
.
King
Aswerus
likewise
,
caused
Aman
&
his
sonnes
to
be
sodainly
apprehended
&
executed
,
because
that
thorough
their
great
power
,
the
stay
thereof
had
bene
daungerous
.
How
be
it
this
kind
of
Iustice
,
is
in
the
greatest
extremitie
.
But
the
martiall
Law
or
sentence
,
would
be
vsed
and
executed
vnder
this
forme
and
order
,
that
the
generall
calling
vnto
him
such
of
the
Captaines
and
principall
persons
of
the
Army
,
as
he
shall
thinke
conuenient
thereunto
,
reciting
shortly
the
maner
of
the
offence
,
the
mischiefe
that
might
grow
therof
,
the
odiousnes
and
villanye
of
vnnatural
Treason
,
and
dissention
within
an
armye
,
tending
to
the
ouerthrowen
of
most
valiant
&
worthy
personages
,
of
most
honorable
attemptes
,
and
purposes
,
the
quayling
of
most
great
and
high
endeuours
before
in
that
seruice
vsed
,
and
to
the
miserable
spoyle
of
the
whole
army
,
with
the
decay
and
dishonour
of
the
countrey
of
whence
they
are
:
and
there
with
all
the
proofes
being
heard
,
and
openly
declared
,
to
geeue
iudgement
according
to
the
nature
of
the
offence
,
and
commit
ouer
order
,
for
executing
the
same
.
And
sometime
for
the
better
satisfiyng
of
the
army
(
if
time
permit
)
it
is
conuenient
for
the
punishment
of
criminall
causes
,
to
referre
the
hearinge
thereof
to
the
Captaines
of
euery
bande
,
and
certaine
of
them
to
speake
theyr
mindes
,
for
the
qualitie
and
odiousnes
of
the
offence
,
with
some
admonishment
at
the
last
to
the
Exod.
18.
Iethro
gaue
counsaile
vnto
Moyses
to
make
the
like
distribution
and
commission
of
the
comen
affaires
vnto
other
,
that
being
eased
of
a
great
part
of
that
burden
,
he
might
better
attend
to
the
more
waightie
causes
.
rest
of
the
hearers
.
And
sometime
,
it
is
policie
to
commit
the
same
vnto
twelue
or
more
of
the
meaner
sort
,
or
commen
souldiers
,
as
circumstances
may
require
.
And
if
the
partie
accused
,
and
vnder
iudgement
,
be
a
straunger
,
it
is
the
better
order
of
Iustice
,
that
he
haue
parte
of
his
triall
by
some
of
his
owne
Countrey
,
if
the
matter
be
playne
,
that
they
be
not
to
be
suspected
of
partialitie
.
And
the
whilest
that
other
haue
the
handling
of
this
matter
,
the
generall
may
the
better
attend
his
greater
affaires
.
For
the
other
part
of
Iustice
,
what
course
is
best
to
be
taken
in
rewarding
the
valure
and
well
deseruing
of
those
,
which
with
great
endeuour
,
labour
for
same
,
to
the
honour
and
aduauncement
of
their
Countrey
:
Hearein
the
good
iudgement
of
the
Captaine
,
is
to
be
exercised
,
for
wel
noting
,
and
right
regarding
the
dispositions
,
endeuours
,
and
doinges
of
each
person
.
For
some
are
geeuen
not
to
make
challenge
,
or
claime
,
of
theyr
Ambition
disturbeth
wel
ordered
states
.
owne
proper
deedes
and
vertues
,
other
will
make
large
report
and
ostentation
of
that
which
they
do
,
setting
the
same
artificially
forthe
,
to
the
vtter
most
,
and
further
,
sometime
clothing
themselues
with
that
which
they
neuer
sponne
,
and
thrusting
into
the
glorie
of
other
mens
desertes
.
And
diuers
Enuious
and
peruerse
men
of
disposition
.
there
are
of
disposition
to
extenuate
,
and
seeme
to
make
lesse
the
vertues
of
other
,
whom
they
cannot
matche
in
valure
.
And
therefore
sith
that
honour
is
the
right
reward
of
vertue
(
as
the
Philosophers
agree
)
&
that
Laudata
virtus
crescit
,
and
Honos
alit
artes
:
commended
vertue
encreaseth
,
and
honour
is
the
nouryce
of
valure
,
which
maketh
men
to
excell
in
practises
,
the
Captaine
ought
to
be
wyse
,
to
sifte
&
perceiue
such
knackes
&
cunning
colours
,
from
substance
,
that
he
be
a
iust
distributer
of
the
due
salaire
,
and
rewarde
vnto
the
vertuous
,
without
affection
or
parciality
,
that
they
beyng
encouraged
,
encrease
,
&
not
discouraged
,
cease
from
well
doinge
.
Moreouer
for
the
maner
of
rewardes
,
there
is
consyderation
to
be
had
of
the
person
,
thus
,
if
he
be
poore
,
he
may
be
somewhat
enryched
thereby
,
if
he
meane
to
bee
a
continuer
in
the
seruice
of
warre
,
to
geue
him
a
more
highe
place
,
&
greater
charge
in
the
armie
,
to
call
him
vnto
the
more
wayghtye
&
secrete
affaires
.
If
he
be
one
that
needeth
or
seeketh
not
wealth
,
let
him
haue
credite
,
honour
,
&
aucthoritye
the
more
,
vse
all
curtesye
towardes
him
,
findinge
meanes
to
knowe
hys
delighte
,
wherewith
,
most
to
gladde
or
gratifie
him
,
as
with
horse
,
Armour
,
some
rare
Iewell
,
or
other
acceptable
thinge
,
to
geue
him
,
where
euer
he
goe
,
speache
of
credite
,
honorable
commendation
and
report
:
If
he
desier
to
become
expert
in
the
knowledge
of
warre
:
by
all
curtesye
and
meanes
to
further
hym
thereunto
,
so
that
(
as
neare
as
maye
bee
)
euerye
man
accordynge
to
hys
desyre
and
mynde
bee
contented
.
And
this
due
fourme
of
iustice
obserued
,
with
the
conformitie
of
his
other
dealinges
,
shal
be
vnto
the
Captaine
,
a
foundation
of
most
highe
enterprises
.
For
the
generall
,
performing
towardes
the
souldiers
,
al
that
on
his
part
is
to
be
perfourmed
:
he
may
the
better
expostulate
and
requyre
in
them
their
endeuours
and
duityes
,
which
also
they
will
the
more
willingly
doe
,
if
they
be
wel
paied
of
their
wages
,
which
principally
must
be
prouided
for
,
for
money
is
the
synewes
of
warre
,
&
the
Captaine
ought
not
to
suspende
or
delaye
the
paye
of
the
same
any
time
,
except
for
especiall
occasion
.
When
the
generall
oweth
not
vnto
the
souldier
,
but
he
hath
his
wages
payed
,
he
may
franklye
commaund
him
to
any
seruyce
of
the
warres
.
Furthermore
this
vertue
of
Iustice
chiefelie
preserueth
the
dygnitie
of
the
Captaine
,
that
the
souldyers
loue
him
,
feare
him
,
and
reuerence
him
,
for
this
is
the
hoope
and
bande
that
bindeth
fast
together
,
and
strengthneth
all
the
state
and
affaires
of
the
warre
.
This
Iustice
in
the
Captaine
includeth
two
other
vertues
:
that
he
be
liberal
where
cause
is
,
and
to
be
temperate
and
continent
of
his
lust
and
affections
to
any
other
vanitie
.
Temperance
is
generally
defined
in
this
Latine
verse
,
Est
virtus
placitis
abstinuisse
bonis
:
A
vertue
of
refrayning
or
abstinence
from
alluring
euils
,
whether
it
be
couetousnes
,
ambition
,
wanton
pleasures
,
or
such
like
.
For
modestie
of
Magistrates
or
Gouernours
,
due
obseruation
of
Iustice
,
and
iust
distributing
of
honours
,
preserueth
states
from
sedition
.
This
vertue
,
greate
Alexander
,
to
his
greatest
honour
,
vsed
towardes
the
captiue
daughters
of
Darius
.
And
Scipio
after
the
expugnation
and
winnyng
of
new
Carthage
in
Spayne
,
the
wyfe
of
Luceius
(
a
Prince
of
that
Countrey
)
of
most
rare
&
excellent
beawtye
beyng
brought
vnto
him
,
he
sent
her
,
and
all
that
she
had
saufe
,
and
vntouched
,
very
honorablie
also
accompanied
home
vnto
her
husband
.
The
fame
of
whose
singuler
vertue
,
&
knightlye
parte
,
afterwardes
procured
him
great
honour
of
the
Spanierdes
,
with
much
helpe
and
furtherance
in
his
warres
there
.
The
wante
of
which
vertue
,
caused
Marcus
Antonius
to
be
surprised
in
the
dalyance
of
Cleopatra
,
neglecting
his
warres
,
and
defence
,
whereby
he
was
ouerthrowen
of
Augustus
Caesar.
Holifernes
by
like
vice
was
curtoled
of
his
head
,
and
the
huge
hoste
of
the
Assyrians
dyspersed
.
The
valure
of
Sampson
by
like
doting
was
cut
of
.
The
Empires
and
Monarchyes
of
the
Assyriens
and
Persians
sonke
in
delicate
pleasures
,
and
in
intemperance
were
lost
,
&
all
is
the
spoyle
of
the
hardie
,
manlike
,
and
martial
souldier
,
which
ought
,
like
the
noble
knight
Hypolitus
to
flye
the
baytes
of
effeminate
wantonnesse
,
and
synke
of
intemperance
,
seking
to
reach
the
Banner
of
renowme
in
the
highest
toppe
of
vertues
tower
,
following
valiant
exercises
,
which
maketh
the
bodie
stronge
and
healthye
,
and
the
person
honorable
:
the
other
hath
contrarie
effectes
.
¶
Of
Prudence
,
the
fourth
vertue
in
a
Captaine
.
PRudence
,
is
an
excellent
vertue
(
as
necessarye
as
any
thing
for
our
Captaine
)
which
by
good
aduise
,
&
prudent
foresight
,
guydeth
the
present
affaires
Wyse
Ianus
is
paynted
with
two
faces
,
one
loking
towardes
things
past
,
the
other
to
that
which
is
to
come
.
in
the
best
course
and
state
,
conferring
them
with
thinges
past
,
and
prouidinge
for
thinges
to
come
.
This
Prudence
must
haue
deliberate
consideration
of
all
circumstances
,
by
iudgement
to
sounde
and
search
the
depthe
of
that
which
is
doubtful
,
it
is
the
Rule
almost
of
all
his
doinges
,
whereby
he
deuiseth
,
disposeth
and
ordereth
them
,
as
for
due
consideration
of
the
quality
of
his
souldiers
,
good
araye
of
his
Battailles
,
diligent
espyall
of
his
enemies
doynges
,
due
estimation
of
them
,
for
the
oportunitye
,
and
occasion
of
takyng
of
any
aduantage
,
and
for
the
auoydinge
of
all
inconueniences
,
for
the
prouision
of
all
necessaries
for
the
campe
,
for
vsynge
the
endeuours
of
euery
one
,
as
he
is
most
mete
,
for
the
assocyatinge
vnto
his
weighty
and
secrete
counsailes
and
practises
,
men
of
iudgement
wise
,
of
inuention
politike
,
and
trust
approued
.
And
how
to
trye
,
and
finde
the
trustye
:
prudence
also
,
by
meanes
discerneth
.
For
all
thy
deuises
,
except
they
be
concealed
,
and
close
kept
from
the
enemy
,
til
the
time
of
practise
of
the
same
,
they
be
seeldōe
auailable
,
&
oftentimes
hurtful
.
And
as
the
good
consideration
&
iudgement
of
a
Captaine
is
to
be
sene
in
those
pointes
before
remembred
,
&
ought
euer
to
accompanye
his
doinges
:
So
is
inuention
requysite
vnto
hym
,
to
deuyse
how
to
cutt
of
the
strength
of
the
enemye
,
or
circumuent
hym
,
for
by
this
,
manie
thinges
haue
ben
atchieued
,
which
force
could
not
winne
.
What
the
policye
of
Cinon
and
Vlisses
at
the
battaill
of
Troye
,
and
Zopyrus
amonge
the
Babilonians
auayled
,
it
is
notoriouslye
knowne
.
This
inuention
,
and
cunninge
to
entrapp
the
enemye
,
Hanniball
had
at
will
,
and
oftentymes
plagued
the
Romaines
there
with
all
.
but
at
the
last
when
he
had
remayned
diuers
yeares
in
Italye
,
wastinge
and
destroyinge
of
the
coum
trey
,
&
the
Romaynes
could
by
no
meanes
dryue
him
foorthe
,
Cornelius
Scipio
founde
out
the
waye
to
ryd
him
,
geuinge
this
prudent
aduise
vnto
the
Romaines
,
that
they
should
sende
an
armye
to
inuade
Affricke
,
and
besyege
Carthage
,
whiche
was
the
head
of
the
enemies
Empyre
,
shewinge
that
the
stroke
at
the
head
as
it
is
most
daungerous
:
so
it
is
most
feared
:
&
as
when
the
harte
is
afrayde
,
the
bloud
resorteth
from
other
partes
,
vnto
the
comforte
thereof
,
as
the
principall
storehouse
of
lyfe
:
So
sayd
Scipio
,
the
Carthaginoys
pinched
with
warres
at
home
,
will
sende
for
their
powers
abroade
to
succour
them
,
&
kepe
saufe
the
home
stall
.
Which
hapned
and
fell
out
accordinglye
,
that
Hanniball
leauinge
Italye
,
and
retourninge
into
Affricke
to
defende
his
owne
countrey
,
and
resist
the
Romaine
armye
ledd
thither
by
Scipio
,
was
there
by
him
ouerthrowne
,
Carthage
taken
,
and
Affricke
subdued
.
So
remooued
he
the
daunger
&
ruine
by
excellent
inuention
from
Roome
,
and
caryed
the
same
vnto
Carthage
.
was
it
not
a
famous
policie
of
Henrie
the
fifth
,
at
the
battaill
of
Agincourt
,
when
the
power
of
the
French
men
stoode
most
vpon
horsemen
armed
with
heauie
armour
,
to
cause
the
fielde
to
bee
pitched
full
of
sharpe
stakes
when
they
should
inuade
his
battail
?
which
withdrawinge
,
till
they
were
come
vppon
the
stakes
,
then
had
hee
placed
his
archers
in
an
Iland
or
plott
so
inuironned
or
surrounded
,
that
they
might
saufelie
shoote
at
the
enemie
,
and
hee
not
come
to
hurte
them
,
by
which
traine
and
order
,
the
French
hoste
tumblinge
downe
in
disorder
,
was
ouerthrowne
:
whiche
inuention
is
the
more
honorable
,
for
that
it
is
credible
to
be
of
the
kynges
owne
deuisinge
.
About
the
time
of
the
takinge
of
Bullen
,
by
kynge
Henrie
the
eyght
,
this
practise
was
vsed
by
a
noble
Englyshe
Captayne
,
for
the
winninge
of
a
towne
(
which
was
defended
on
the
weaker
parte
thereof
by
a
marishe
,
so
that
ordynaunce
could
not
bee
planted
to
batter
the
same
)
he
caused
pieces
of
light
wood
to
be
secretlie
made
,
and
cunninglye
painted
like
gunnes
,
and
layinge
bordes
vppon
the
marishe
,
so
conueyed
ouer
his
disguysed
ordinaunce
,
by
terror
whereof
at
the
first
summons
hastelie
made
,
with
great
manasse
and
shewe
of
the
pretended
batterye
:
the
towne
rendred
and
yelded
vppe
vnto
him
.
Great
Alexander
vsed
this
cunninge
to
gett
a
fort
of
wonderfull
strength
,
hee
conueyed
a
fewe
actiue
men
vnarmed
,
vp
to
a
rocke
,
not
doubted
or
loked
vnto
of
the
enemye
,
for
the
steepenesse
and
difficultie
to
bee
clymmed
,
and
when
they
had
possessed
the
toppe
thereof
,
beinge
nighe
the
walles
,
where
they
might
greatlie
anoy
them
within
the
houlde
,
makinge
a
great
shoute
,
or
noyse
of
triumph
on
a
sodaine
,
and
aduauncinge
their
banners
as
though
there
had
been
a
great
parte
of
the
armye
with
them
and
all
sure
their
owne
,
Alexander
also
on
the
other
syde
then
fiercelie
skalinge
the
walles
,
the
people
within
,
beeynge
stryken
with
great
feare
,
and
in
a
maze
,
the
Castell
was
easelie
by
him
surprised
&
taken
.
Thus
to
conclude
of
this
vertue
of
Prudence
:
it
is
the
lyne
of
the
Captaine
,
to
measure
hys
owne
doynges
,
the
touchestone
,
and
the
syue
to
trye
&
sift
the
sleightes
of
the
enemie
,
to
discerne
the
substaunce
from
the
shadow
,
to
shunne
hys
trappe
,
not
to
bee
abused
by
anie
paynted
or
coloured
crafte
.
And
this
vertue
encludeth
in
it
constancie
,
without
which
,
a
man
is
no
man
,
for
as
well
,
without
reason
,
as
without
iudgement
or
resolution
,
in
time
to
vse
the
same
,
after
consultation
and
good
aduisement
hadd
,
speadye
executyon
shoulde
followe
.
¶
Of
the
loue
and
diligent
regarde
of
the
Captayne
vnto
his
souldiours
.
Cap.
7.
THe
last
parte
of
the
furniture
,
whiche
armethe
our
Captayne
complete
,
is
a
tender
affection
&
diligent
regarde
vnto
his
souldiers
.
So
that
a
good
mynde
well
and
vertuouslie
enclined
and
disposed
,
serueth
not
,
without
diligence
in
exercysinge
and
geuinge
forthe
the
fruites
thereof
.
And
therefore
a
Captaine
,
besydes
his
prouident
care
and
studie
of
the
generall
and
publicke
weale
,
and
affaires
of
his
armye
,
ought
also
to
respect
the
state
and
necessities
of
pryuate
persones
and
commen
souldiers
.
And
therefore
if
the
gouernours
of
Ciuill
estates
,
haue
been
called
fathers
,
as
the
Senatours
of
Roome
had
first
that
name
,
to
remember
them
of
the
fatherlie
affeccion
and
care
,
whyche
they
ought
to
beare
towardes
the
people
:
muche
more
ought
the
generall
,
ouer
his
martiall
common
weale
to
haue
a
fatherlie
minde
and
regarde
,
for
the
souldier
leaueth
father
,
all
his
frendes
,
and
estate
of
liuinge
at
home
,
to
followe
his
captaine
in
foreine
countrey
,
committinge
his
life
and
all
,
to
the
guyde
and
good
fortune
of
him
.
And
if
lyke
desyers
,
with
concorde
of
studies
,
affeccions
,
and
continuance
of
conuersation
of
life
,
do
cause
most
Causes
of
affection
and
fryndship
.
entier
loue
,
and
stronge
bande
&
league
of
frendshyp
:
much
more
,
ought
this
socyetie
of
myndes
,
linked
and
ioyned
in
honourable
desyres
and
purpose
,
with
the
vowed
felowshippe
of
bodies
in
all
perylles
,
(
yea
in
life
and
in
death
)
vnyte
the
hartes
of
the
captaine
and
souldiers
,
in
most
deare
affection
and
amitie
,
which
the
captaine
ought
to
professe
towardes
his
souldiers
,
&
they
eche
towardes
other
,
If
the
souldier
be
sicke
or
hurte
,
the
Captaine
must
prouide
Phisitions
,
of
Chirurgien
for
him
,
if
he
be
troubled
in
minde
,
he
ought
to
be
hys
friende
to
visite
him
,
and
comfort
him
,
to
further
his
desires
,
and
endeuours
,
to
encourage
him
,
if
he
be
a
worthy
souldier
,
to
conferre
with
him
some
time
familierly
of
his
estate
,
and
to
further
and
deuise
how
to
encrease
and
amende
the
same
,
as
wel
in
the
armie
,
as
at
home
.
For
perchaunce
hee
hath
none
other
friende
to
cherishe
,
or
to
haue
regarde
vnto
him
in
the
armie
,
if
he
be
iniuried
,
he
hath
not
the
commen
ayde
,
and
helpe
of
lawe
for
his
money
,
as
in
peace
he
may
.
Therefore
the
Captayne
must
be
his
staye
,
&
helpe
in
all
his
necessities
.
And
least
it
be
obiected
,
that
if
he
had
Argos
eyes
,
hee
cannot
see
the
wantes
of
all
men
,
and
leasure
will
not
at
all
times
suffer
to
discharge
the
partes
aboue
requyred
(
to
preuent
the
same
)
I
say
,
he
must
onelye
extende
his
diligence
,
as
farre
as
maye
be
herein
.
Xenophon
wrote
vnto
king
Cyrus
,
that
a
Gouernour
ought
to
be
towardes
his
people
kinde
,
as
a
father
towarde
his
children
.
To
note
some
examples
of
thys
vertue
,
we
reade
that
the
great
kinge
Mithridates
vsed
such
diligence
,
and
had
such
regarde
vnto
all
his
comen
souldier
,
that
of
a
great
armie
,
he
coulde
call
euery
man
,
priuatelye
by
hys
name
,
and
hauinge
people
of
more
then
xx
.
seueral
nations
,
&
languages
,
he
would
talke
vnto
them
all
familierly
in
their
proper
Countrey
speache
.
The
great
king
Cyrus
before
remembred
,
which
founded
the
Monarchye
of
the
Persians
,
vsed
great
affabilitie
towardes
his
souldiers
.
The
excellent
Captayne
Scipio
,
is
noted
,
and
honoured
for
this
curtesie
.
Alexander
the
great
,
passinge
some
daies
in
the
desertes
,
&
barren
drye
places
of
Arabia
,
where
as
no
water
was
to
be
founde
,
so
that
both
the
army
&
himself
weare
pained
with
great
thirst
,
&
almost
intollerable
,
in
this
neade
,
a
commen
souldiour
,
had
by
great
trauayll
,
gotten
one
helmet
full
of
water
,
and
brought
it
vnto
the
kinge
:
which
when
he
had
receaued
very
thankfullye
,
he
powred
it
out
vpon
the
ground
,
shewing
him selfe
willing
to
be
partaker
of
the
comen
want
&
necessitie
of
his
armie
,
whereby
the
rest
seeing
the
abstinence
and
noble
minde
of
their
Gouernour
,
forgott
the
pinche
of
theyr
thirst
,
&
prepared
them selues
to
suffer
any
hardnesse
,
and
not
to
bee
weryed
,
but
constantlie
to
continue
,
to
ouercomeall
labours
&
difficulties
.
The
same
Alexander
no
greater
in
power
,
then
in
noble
vertue
of
minde
,
an
other
time
passinge
a
iourney
in
extreme
,
&
intollerable
frost
,
&
sharpe
weather
,
with
rough
&
vncomfortable
wayes
,
findinge
a
souldiour
stiffe
,
&
almost
dead
with
could
of
the
percynge
ayer
,
he
caused
him
presentlye
to
be
caryed
into
his
tente
,
&
theare
being
sett
in
his
owne
chayer
,
he
sawe
him
tenderlye
dressed
,
and
cherished
,
geuinge
vnto
him
of
his
owne
clothes
to
keape
him
warme
.
Caius
Iulius
,
hauing
Alexanders
minde
in
manye
thinges
,
so
did
he
no
lesse
tender
and
regarde
his
souldiers
,
when
he
went
to
battaile
,
he
woulde
saye
,
come
fellowe
souldiours
,
goe
we
together
,
and
call
them
sometyme
good
friendes
.
Charles
the
fifthe
,
beinge
a
great
Emperour
,
and
of
notable
skill
,
and
practise
in
warres
,
endued
also
with
sundrye
noble
vertues
,
ridynge
thoroughe
his
Campe
,
to
viewe
the
state
of
the
same
,
a
commen
souldiour
sicke
,
and
wantinge
necessaryes
,
cryed
out
,
and
rayled
vpon
him
bitterlye
,
wishinge
a
vengeance
,
and
the
diuell
on
hym
,
for
that
in
his
seruice
beinge
fallen
into
infirmitye
,
&
disease
,
now
had
he
neither
knowledge
nor
helpe
of
him
:
the
Emperour
mildelye
aunswered
,
good
woordes
my
good
souldiour
,
and
thou
shalt
not
want
the
helpe
that
may
bee
had
.
Now
to
conclude
:
thys
vertue
,
not
paynfull
to
plant
in
thy
maners
,
and
exercise
in
actions
and
deedes
,
yet
it
bringeth
great
and
happy
fruites
,
for
it
procureth
such
loue
and
honour
of
the
Souldiour
to
the
Captaine
,
that
thereby
he
possesseth
the
more
safetie
of
person
,
and
quiet
of
minde
,
he
purchaseth
greater
fame
at
home
,
and
abroad
,
his
attemptes
&
affaires
procede
the
better
to
effecte
,
for
it
maketh
the
endeuour
of
the
Souldiour
wonderfull
.
Loue
is
the
surest
armour
that
a
Gouernour
or
Captaine
can
put
on
,
and
faithfulnes
is
not
by
fee
,
nor
feare
to
be
crased
or
corrupted
.
¶
Whether
it
be
more
expedient
to
haue
one
Generall
,
or
manye
.
Cap.
8.
NOw
to
discusse
by
the
examples
of
antiquity
,
&
arguments
of
reason
,
whether
it
be
conuenient
to
haue
more
then
one
generall
,
or
highe
Captayne
of
the
Armie
:
Belinus
and
Brennus
two
Princes
,
beyng
brothers
,
were
ioyntlye
gouernours
ouer
their
armie
,
with
which
they
subdued
a
great
parte
of
Fraunce
,
Germayne
,
and
Italye
.
Fabius
,
and
Porsenna
,
were
likewise
constituted
ouer
the
Romainearmie
,
against
the
same
Belinus
and
Brennus
.
Romulus
and
Remus
,
by
equall
aucthoritie
guyding
their
armie
,
surprised
the
Cytie
of
Alba.
King
Mithridates
,
&
Tigranes
,
ioyntly
,
lead
their
powers
against
the
Romaines
.
Cassius
,
&
Brutus
,
were
ioygned
generalles
against
Octauius
Caesar
,
and
Antonius
.
Fabius
&
Minutius
,
were
thought
to
be
well
matched
together
against
Hanniball
:
the
one
graue
,
and
somewhat
slowe
by
his
age
,
the
other
hott
,
quicke
,
and
lusty
,
the
one
excelling
in
aduise
and
experience
,
the
other
better
able
to
styrre
and
endure
paynes
.
So
that
albeit
,
it
hath
bene
more
vsed
,
to
ordayne
,
and
depute
one
onely
generall
ouer
an
armie
,
yet
twayne
may
doe
very
well
,
as
it
appeareth
by
the
examples
before
recited
,
which
may
the
rather
be
allowed
,
for
that
the
one
Generall
being
sicke
,
hurt
,
or
slayne
,
yet
the
Armie
is
not
destitute
of
a
heade
,
or
guide
.
which
sometime
is
the
cause
of
losse
of
a
battaile
,
the
head
beeinge
striken
and
Captayne
slayne
,
the
bodie
of
the
armie
standeth
in
a
maze
,
and
is
highlie
discomfited
,
and
oftentimes
honourable
attemptes
ceasse
thereby
,
and
goe
backwardes
,
as
Crassus
,
by
Parthian
falshood
slaine
,
the
relyques
of
his
armie
were
shortlie
destroyed
.
Antonius
,
in
his
great
battaile
on
the
Sea
,
against
Octauius
Augustus
,
fliyng
,
or
rather
following
Cleopatra
,
his
whole
army
was
enforced
to
yelde
vnto
Caesar.
Brennus
,
as
Iustine
writeth
,
beinge
dead
of
hurtes
in
battaile
receaued
in
Grecia
,
his
purposed
conquestes
in
those
partes
ceassed
,
and
his
armie
dyspersed
:
all
that
they
had
gotten
beefore
,
was
lost
for
lacke
of
a
good
guyde
.
Great
Alexander
beeinge
dead
,
the
glorye
of
Macedonie
dyed
,
their
victories
proceaded
no
farther
,
their
armies
returned
,
and
tourned
to
discention
and
diuision
among
them selues
:
whereby
the
Empyre
was
rent
and
skambled
,
and
shortlie
after
taken
from
them
by
the
Romaines
.
So
that
,
where
there
hath
been
but
one
head
or
guyde
of
the
warres
,
the
same
beinge
cutt
of
,
for
the
most
parte
the
warrfare
hath
ended
and
expired
with
all
:
whereas
if
there
had
been
two
generals
ordayned
,
ioyned
in
aucthoritie
,
or
else
successiuelye
three
or
fower
,
one
after
an
other
nominated
&
appointed
after
the
death
or
losse
of
the
generall
,
to
supplie
the
place
,
and
to
establishe
the
state
of
the
armie
,
the
warres
myght
still
proceade
,
vntill
the
purpose
&
desired
fruites
thereof
bee
obtained
.
But
more
then
two
generals
of
one
armie
at
once
,
I
can
not
finde
by
any
good
president
allowed
.
Nicias
Alcibiades
,
&
Lamachus
,
were
sent
as
Generals
by
the
Atheniens
into
Sicilia
,
&
atchieued
littel
there
,
&
likewise
Tideus
Adimantus
&
Menander
,
against
the
Lacedaemoniens
.
¶
Of
the
aucthoritie
of
the
generall
,
and
what
ought
to
bee
hys
chiefe
desyre
,
wished
fruites
,
and
ende
of
warres
.
what
personne
,
and
of
what
qualities
,
ought
to
be
esteemed
the
best
and
most
honourable
Captayne
.
Cap.
9.
THe
place
and
state
of
a
generall
is
highe
,
his
credite
,
his
power
,
and
charge
great
,
and
therefore
his
aucthoritie
from
the
prince
by
or
vnder
whom
he
is
deputed
and
ordeyned
,
ought
to
be
great
.
To
punishe
and
pardon
,
to
erect
,
exalt
,
&
pull
downe
,
to
take
order
,
or
truce
with
the
enemie
,
to
receaue
hostages
,
remitt
prisoners
,
raunsomes
and
tributes
,
to
geue
lawes
,
libertie
,
lordshyp
,
bandes
,
condicions
of
captiuitie
to
the
conquered
,
to
ioygne
or
breake
foreine
frendshippe
vpon
vrgent
cause
,
and
not
otherwise
,
to
impart
vnto
the
souldiers
,
franklie
of
that
which
is
taken
and
wonne
,
to
assygne
victorious
ensignes
and
solempnitye
of
honour
&
prowesse
,
to
geue
aduauncement
of
degrees
and
dignities
vnto
the
worthye
.
He
maye
also
leuye
,
for
the
great
necessitie
of
the
armie
,
vpon
the
prynces
subiectes
where
he
serueth
,
&
borrowe
or
receaue
ayde
of
the
princes
frendes
,
and
herein
extende
his
maisters
credite
,
and
the
prynce
is
bounde
in
honour
,
to
ratifie
,
allowe
,
&
perfourme
thus
farre
,
the
dealinge
of
the
generall
,
by
him
deputed
and
appointed
,
which
is
also
at
all
times
remouable
at
the
pleasure
of
the
prynce
,
at
whose
commaundement
the
warres
cease
,
ende
,
or
otherwise
be
turned
.
And
the
Captaine
,
ought
not
to
make
or
establish
peace
without
the
consent
,
will
,
and
aucthoritie
of
the
prince
,
nor
to
render
anie
towne
,
countrey
,
or
forte
conquered
,
except
for
great
aduauntage
or
extreame
necessitie
.
Hystories
are
full
of
examples
,
to
prooue
the
perticulers
before
recyted
,
to
bee
incident
to
the
function
of
a
generall
,
and
therefore
in
a
matter
not
doubtfull
,
I
will
cyte
but
onelie
the
large
graunt
of
Gaius
Martius
,
generall
of
an
armye
of
the
Romaines
:
on
a
time
when
a
battaill
went
verie
harde
with
him
,
hauinge
in
hys
armie
,
fifteene
hundred
hyred
Souldiours
,
of
whose
trust
and
endeuour
he
doubted
,
consyderinge
the
strayghtes
and
daunger
wherein
hys
armye
stoode
,
he
promised
vnto
his
sayd
straunge
retinue
,
that
if
they
woulde
extende
their
valure
to
the
wynnynge
of
the
fielde
,
to
make
euerye
man
of
them
a
Cytyzen
,
and
free
of
Roome
:
whiche
in
that
time
was
a
thinge
hyghlie
regarded
of
straungers
,
for
the
honour
,
great
aduauntages
,
and
noble
fraunchyses
thereof
,
wherewith
beeinge
encouraged
,
they
spared
not
to
hazarde
their
lyues
,
vsinge
suche
endeuour
that
the
fielde
was
wonne
.
And
not
wyth
standynge
that
by
the
ordynaunces
of
the
Cytye
,
noe
man
myght
bee
made
a
Cytizen
without
the
consent
of
the
Senate
,
yet
hee
alleagynge
beefore
them
,
that
necessytye
is
aboue
lawe
,
and
that
then
tyme
serued
not
to
seeke
the
lawes
,
but
rather
requyred
to
breake
them
,
hee
obtayned
the
graunted
freedome
vnto
the
souldiours
,
and
honourablye
hys
promise
was
perfourmed
.
And
it
is
not
inconuenient
,
that
the
prynce
should
geeue
hym
credit
,
power
,
and
aucthoritie
in
smaller
matters
,
vnto
whose
order
and
wisedome
hee
hath
committed
an
armie
,
which
is
the
strength
of
the
princes
estate
.
which
trust
if
it
can
not
saufely
be
committed
vnto
one
,
it
were
better
to
ioyne
an
other
in
gouernment
vnto
him
,
then
that
the
place
of
the
generall
shoulde
lacke
or
bee
lame
of
power
.
Nowe
to
see
what
the
generall
ought
to
desyre
or
seeke
to
gaine
by
the
warres
,
infinite
examples
of
the
antiquitie
do
shew
,
especially
in
the
most
florishinge
estates
of
Roome
&
Grecia
,
where
vertue
&
valure
were
chiefly
fostered
,
all
the
most
excellent
Captaynes
sought
and
endeuoured
by
victoryes
to
purchase
fame
vnto
them selues
,
honour
,
and
aduauncement
vnto
their
countreys
,
and
common
wealthes
which
they
loued
so
dearelie
,
and
regarded
so
highlie
,
that
their
endeuours
(
vsed
&
employed
for
the
benefit
of
the
same
)
seeme
to
sur
mount
almost
the
power
of
men
,
and
also
credite
.
Glad
was
he
which
by
dying
valiantly
,
could
singulerlye
profite
his
countrey
.
As
Brutus
the
first
Consul
,
Horatius
Cocles
,
the
two
Decij
,
Curtius
,
Atilius
Regulus
,
Scaeuola
,
Lucinius
Dentatus
,
Codrus
,
Leonidas
,
and
iiij
.
hundred
gentlemen
of
Lacedaemon
with
him
.
And
of
the
spoiles
&
prises
of
their
conquests
,
the
great
captaines
of
Roome
and
Grecia
enriched
them selues
little
,
but
rendred
all
to
the
publique
treasure
,
&
behoufe
of
the
comen
wealth
.
So
that
diuers
Dictatoures
(
which
was
the
place
of
a
great
Prince
,
and
Gouernour
,
ouer
the
whole
Empyre
,
duringe
the
time
of
the
warres
)
after
the
same
finished
,
and
great
kinges
by
them
conquered
,
and
lead
in
triumphe
with
all
their
treasures
,
and
substance
,
yet
haue
they
returned
little
the
richer
(
for
all
that
which
passed
thorough
their
handes
)
to
their
oulde
state
,
and
meane
degree
of
liuynge
,
from
whence
they
weare
called
,
not
for
their
Lordship
,
but
for
their
vertues
.
And
some
of
them
after
,
liuynge
thriftelye
of
a
little
,
haue
dyed
possessed
of
so
short
substance
:
that
for
the
iust
honour
of
their
funeralles
,
due
vnto
parsonages
of
so
great
vertues
,
for
want
of
their
owne
Arist.
polit.
3.
He
loseth
the
name
of
a
good
Citizen
,
which
preferreth
priuat
profit
,
before
the
commen
weale
.
abilitie
,
the
commen
Treasure
hath
supplied
the
charges
,
and
expences
thereunto
.
And
thoughe
some
esteeme
fame
as
a
bare
rewarde
,
without
fruites
of
profit
,
yet
they
regarded
nothing
of
ryches
in
comparison
of
honour
.
The
Romaynes
ordained
for
honour
to
victours
,
&
conquerours
,
triumphes
,
whearein
their
Generall
returninge
in
great
pompe
from
the
warres
,
all
his
Captaines
&
spoyles
following
his
Emperiall
charyot
,
he
was
with
his
Armie
receaued
of
his
Countrey
with
all
ioye
and
honour
that
might
be
deuised
,
erectinge
also
for
the
perpetuall
fame
,
and
memory
of
such
as
had
greatly
aduaunced
their
Countrey
,
images
set
vp
in
open
places
,
with
inscriptions
:
This
was
the
father
of
his
countrey
.
This
was
the
champion
of
Roome
,
&
terrour
of
their
enemyes
.
And
for
priuat
,
&
meane
souldiours
,
which
first
had
bourded
a
ship
of
the
enemyes
,
entred
their
campe
,
or
Towne
,
saued
a
Citizen
,
slayne
a
Captaine
of
the
enemyes
,
gotten
an
auncient
,
broken
a
rancke
,
or
atchieued
any
great
exploite
,
they
ordayned
crownes
of
siluer
,
bracellets
,
&
collers
of
goulde
,
with
such
like
conisaunces
,
the
worthy
wearinge
whereof
,
the
souldiours
estemed
as
much
,
as
of
great
seigniorye
.
Whereof
there
is
an
example
,
written
of
a
certaine
yonge
man
,
in
the
Armie
of
Scipio
,
which
had
done
marueylous
deades
of
Armes
in
a
battaile
of
his
,
so
that
he
had
deserued
such
a
like
rewarde
of
prowesse
,
as
is
spoken
of
before
,
in
liewe
whereof
,
Scipio
thinkinge
better
to
content
hym
,
gaue
him
a
great
substaunce
of
goulde
,
exhorting
him
to
continewe
manlike
&
valiaunt
:
but
he
,
verye
sadde
,
threwe
downe
the
monye
at
Scipio
his
feete
,
who
demaundinge
of
hym
,
whether
hee
woulde
rather
haue
the
appoynted
rewarde
,
and
ensigne
of
manhoode
,
hee
aunswered
,
that
therefore
he
had
trauayled
:
preferringe
worshippe
aboue
ryches
.
The
Generall
ought
to
gyue
great
regarde
both
by
hymselfe
,
and
by
others
,
which
without
partialitye
,
maye
bee
markers
and
obseruers
,
of
such
as
best
deserue
in
battaile
.
And
moreouer
,
the
most
expert
and
valiaunt
men
shoulde
bee
from
one
place
,
vnto
another
,
aduaunced
to
the
hyghest
degrees
,
and
offices
in
the
Armye
,
that
the
commendation
,
and
rewarde
bee
duelie
assigned
,
accordinge
to
desert
.
Also
he
must
obserue
,
and
execute
the
lawes
,
and
orders
of
warre
,
for
theare
is
no
Arte
without
rules
,
and
in
none
more
necessarye
rules
,
then
in
this
:
wherein
also
disorder
most
of
all
hurteth
,
as
neglygence
in
the
watche
,
or
warde
,
in
espyall
for
discoueringe
the
Countrey
,
where
the
Armye
soiourneth
or
is
to
passe
,
wante
of
furniture
,
or
any
prouisyon
allowed
,
or
charged
vnto
any
man
,
breache
of
arraye
,
mutyne
,
affraye
,
ryott
,
faylinge
of
duetye
in
any
poynte
,
or
transgressinge
the
Captaynes
commaundement
,
which
muste
stande
for
a
lawe
,
and
rule
vnto
the
Souldiours
.
These
misdemeanours
,
and
offences
,
the
victoryous
Romaynes
punished
streyghtlye
,
yea
sometyme
thoughe
aduauntage
,
and
benefite
grewe
vnto
the
Armye
,
by
exceadinge
the
Generalles
commaundement
,
yet
the
Captayne
in
thys
offence
,
hath
not
spared
hys
owne
Sonne
,
from
sharpe
Iustice
,
and
punishment
of
the
lawe
,
and
ordinaunce
violated
.
For
the
due
keepinge
of
Lawes
,
and
orders
,
is
the
staye
of
all
the
affayres
of
Warre
.
Also
the
Captayne
hath
muche
more
neade
to
bee
wyse
in
iudgement
,
then
the
ciuill
Magistrate
in
peace
,
for
that
hee
hathe
not
so
manye
assystentes
,
to
ayde
hym
in
counsayle
,
neyther
like
leasure
in
deliberation
,
and
aduyse
:
Some
time
hauinge
sodayne
daungerous
comminge
on
,
to
disturbe
,
and
interupt
the
same
.
Sodaine
passions
,
(
saye
the
Philosophers
)
troubleth
,
and
disordreth
the
minde
,
and
quiete
establisheth
the
vnderstandinge
,
and
ripenethe
counsailes
.
The
greke
Philosopher
Isocrates
sheweth
,
that
two
sortes
of
men
theare
are
to
be
commended
.
First
he
which
is
of
his
iudgement
,
able
to
geue
good
aduise
,
the
other
that
is
of
wisedome
to
vnderstande
good
counsaile
gyuen
by
an
other
,
and
of
inclination
to
followe
the
same
:
diligence
and
good
will
supplieth
a
number
of
wantes
.
There
hath
bene
diuers
Generalls
of
great
vertue
in
trayning
of
their
souldiours
,
beinge
able
of
their
owne
practise
,
to
instructe
them
in
all
feates
,
and
pointes
of
a
Souldier
,
as
in
well
vsinge
of
armes
and
weapons
of
warres
,
bothe
on
horsebacke
,
and
on
foote
,
in
chosinge
and
appointing
fitt
,
and
good
furniture
for
euery
man
,
and
euerye
purpose
to
encounter
the
ordinaunce
and
engins
of
the
aduersaries
,
by
policie
planting
,
and
hardye
,
and
victorious
minde
in
their
souldiours
.
In
which
Cirus
,
Romulus
,
Paulus
Aemilius
,
Scipio
,
Hannibal
,
&
Caius
Caesar
,
chiefely
excelled
.
How
be
it
that
Captaine
,
which
is
able
wel
to
leade
,
and
gouerne
an
army
trayned
,
ordered
,
and
martialled
to
his
hande
is
also
to
be
commended
,
and
the
better
,
if
he
vse
consideration
,
and
diligence
in
taking
order
,
that
his
souldiours
may
practise
the
exercises
,
profitable
for
the
warres
.
It
is
to
be
regarded
,
that
the
Captaine
be
generally
of
good
nature
&
disposition
,
not
subiecte
to
malitious
anger
,
crueltie
,
or
enuie
,
that
hee
haue
his
conuersation
and
conference
with
the
most
vertuous
and
best
affected
sorte
,
to
suppresse
wrongfull
dealynge
and
ryot
,
the
mother
of
disorder
and
ruine
.
The
Emperour
Charles
the
fifte
was
commended
of
great
sobrietie
and
diligence
in
his
affaires
,
and
to
be
verie
skilfull
in
settinge
and
orderinge
his
battailes
,
for
anie
aduauntage
.
The
Captayne
ought
to
flye
the
faulte
of
infidelitie
and
vntrothe
,
as
from
a
rocke
.
For
there
is
no
regarde
to
bee
hadde
of
the
man
that
is
not
iust
&
honest
,
and
firme
of
his
woorde
,
but
fycle
and
variable
of
promise
,
which
ought
alwaies
to
bee
perfourmed
towardes
souldiours
,
frende
,
&
enemie
.
The
breache
whereof
hath
manye
times
bread
great
myseries
,
and
brought
great
wracke
:
as
Laodislaus
kinge
of
Hungarie
,
vppon
presumption
of
dispensation
from
the
Pope
,
breakinge
his
faythe
geeuen
,
and
league
made
wyth
the
Turke
,
fell
afterwardes
into
his
handes
&
crueltie
.
The
Carthaginoys
,
breakinge
league
made
with
the
Romaines
,
and
afterwardes
beeinge
in
parle
,
and
towardes
a
composition
or
ende
verie
necessarie
&
greatlie
desired
of
the
Carthaginens
,
the
Romaines
demaunded
of
them
what
pledges
of
their
trothe
they
coulde
geeue
,
or
what
newe
Gods
they
had
now
to
sweare
by
,
&
vowe
the
perfourmaunce
of
the
condicions
agreed
,
seeing
they
had
sworne
by
all
their
Goddes
before
,
&
had
deceaued
in
breakinge
their
othe
:
Hasdruball
a
famous
Captaine
,
one
of
the
companie
,
aunswered
,
we
sweare
agayne
by
the
same
Godds
,
which
now
both
wee
,
&
you
ought
better
to
regarde
,
for
that
they
haue
reuenged
by
you
sharpelie
our
periurie
&
othe
breakinge
:
but
the
Carthaginoys
continued
in
their
falsehode
,
and
eftsones
violated
their
fayth
:
wherefore
the
Romaines
determined
finallie
,
not
to
cease
,
or
geeue
ouer
warres
against
them
,
till
they
had
vtterlie
ouerthrowne
them
,
subuerted
and
destroyed
their
Cytie
and
estate
,
which
their
iust
plague
followed
.
A
noble
example
,
for
the
due
regardinge
of
his
fayth
,
and
othe
,
shewed
Regulus
before
mencioned
,
a
generall
of
the
Romayne
armie
,
taken
prisoner
by
the
Carthaginoys
,
and
dismissed
vppon
his
othe
to
retourne
,
if
hee
did
not
entreate
and
obtaine
of
the
Senate
of
Roome
,
the
exchaunge
and
deliuerie
of
diuers
great
Captaines
of
Carthage
,
whom
before
hee
had
taken
prisoners
,
whiche
thinge
him selfe
disswaded
the
Romaines
from
,
for
the
beehoufe
of
the
commen
wealthe
in
diuers
weightie
respectes
,
and
so
retourned
to
Carthage
vnto
his
determined
death
.
Also
the
general
may
do
much
the
better
if
he
be
able
to
be
his
owne
secretarie
,
to
endicte
orderlie
,
and
aptlie
,
in
his
affaires
,
and
to
perswade
in
mutiue
discention
and
case
of
neede
,
to
vnderstand
languages
,
to
reade
with
iudgement
in
hystories
,
of
the
dealinges
and
stratagemes
of
great
princes
&
captaines
in
like
affaires
,
for
surelie
,
the
greatest
captaines
that
euer
were
,
&
almost
all
those
chiefetaines
&
conquerours
of
antiquitie
were
wel
lerned
.
An other
thing
also
there
is
which
maketh
a
captaine
most
honourable
,
&
to
be
as
a
father
vnto
his
countrey
,
that
is
,
after
warres
ended
,
if
he
can
frame
him selfe
to
peace
,
good
gouernment
,
&
to
be
as
profitable
vnto
the
cyuill
estate
by
his
industrie
&
policye
,
as
he
was
by
his
valure
in
the
warres
.
So
to
conclude
,
though
it
be
harde
to
fynde
a
martiall
man
,
so
farreforth
furnished
with
all
ciuill
vertues
as
before
recyted
:
yet
is
it
not
like
Tullies
oratour
,
or
Sir
Thomas
Moores
common
wealthe
,
which
represent
a
shadowe
,
&
not
a
substance
,
discoursing
of
matter
like
a
dreame
to
bee
imagined
,
&
not
possible
to
bee
followed
,
or
in
such
perfection
as
they
preciselie
picture
to
be
accomplished
.
But
examples
of
such
chiefetaines
as
I
write
of
,
I
haue
cyted
some
,
affirming
that
he
may
be
a
good
captaine
,
though
he
want
of
those
partes
before
declared
some
thing
,
but
the
more
bright
&
resplendent
light
of
vertues
that
hee
geeueth
forth
by
his
example
,
the
more
honourable
he
is
,
the
more
plentifull
is
the
hope
of
his
successe
,
the
more
prosperouslie
proceade
his
affaires
,
the
more
good
he
doth
to
his
armie
,
It
may
wel
be
sayde
,
Principis
exemplo
totus
componitur
nobis
.
According
to
the
president
of
the
prince
,
or
chieftaine
,
the
subiect
conformeth
his
fashions
,
&
endeuoureth
his
deedes
.
¶
Of
a
souldiour
,
&
the
qualities
which
he
ought
to
haue
.
Cap.
10.
THe
Souldiour
in
good
course
must
now
follow
his
captaine
.
And
first
we
are
to
shewe
the
qualities
&
disposition
of
mynde
requysite
vnto
him
.
For
all
be
it
,
hee
ought
to
bee
affected
and
enclyned
vnto
vertue
,
no
lesse
then
the
Captaine
,
yet
is
it
in
an
other
sorte
,
for
the
difference
of
their
places
,
functions
,
and
doynges
.
For
there
are
dyuers
thinges
,
which
appertayne
vnto
the
callinge
and
exercise
of
a
Captaine
,
whiche
beelonge
not
to
a
common
souldiour
:
as
for
rule
,
and
gouernment
,
politique
order
and
iudgement
in
the
generall
affaires
,
magnificent
and
bountifull
deedes
.
But
the
souldiour
ought
in
like
sorte
,
to
be
a
cyuill
manne
,
to
feare
God
,
and
liue
orderlie
in
his
degree
,
as
it
behooueth
the
Captaine
,
beinge
in
daylie
Deutero.
20.
daungers
of
deathe
,
whiche
are
alwayes
lesse
feared
of
him
which
hath
an
honest
and
well
prepared
minde
,
voide
of
the
horrour
and
burthen
of
lewde
and
dissolute
dealinges
liynge
vpon
his
conscience
.
Suche
a
good
souldiour
was
the
Centurion
,
of
whom
our
Lorde
and
Sauiour
in
the
viij
.
of
saint
Mathaew
sayeth
,
that
hee
founde
not
greater
faythe
in
Israel
,
then
in
him
.
And
such
was
the
deuoute
Cornelius
,
spoken
of
in
the
tenth
of
the
Actes
of
the
Apostles
.
And
it
is
seldome
or
neuer
seene
the
dissolute
person
to
prooue
a
profitable
souldier
,
as
if
he
be
an
idle
,
vnrulie
,
blasphemous
,
or
licentious
manne
of
lyuinge
,
a
ryotous
dyceplayer
or
iangler
,
such
bee
more
meete
for
an
Ale-house
then
an
army
.
Wherefore
good
sould
your
,
take
thy
beginninge
of
God
,
Remember
first
and
chyefelie
to
dyscharge
thy
duetye
towardes
him
.
For
wythoute
hym
noe
trauaile
bringeth
foorth
fruite
,
no
pollicy
,
or
purpose
planted
taketh
roote
,
or
effecte
.
Then
oughtest
thou
next
to
seake
with
all
diligence
,
the
honour
,
profit
,
and
saufegard
of
thy
Countrey
,
which
hath
bred
thee
,
and
nouryshed
thee
.
The
same
thou
art
bounde
,
most
stedfastlye
in
thy
mynde
to
hould
more
deare
then
thy
life
:
for
the
preferrement
whereof
,
and
for
the
generall
good
of
the
armye
,
no
daunger
in
reasonable
sorte
is
to
be
refused
,
no
endeuour
omitted
.
For
it
is
better
like
a
man
to
dye
,
for
the
behoufe
of
manye
,
then
by
cowardyse
to
bee
slayne
with
manye
.
The
Souldiour
also
in
his
degree
,
ought
to
fauour
Iustice
and
right
,
to
defende
the
honest
&
vertuous
from
oppression
,
to
be
louinge
&
helpefull
after
his
power
,
vnto
his
fellowe
souldiour
.
Moreouer
it
is
requisite
that
he
be
hardye
,
constant
,
and
valiaunt
,
to
endurethe
bruntes
difficulties
,
and
chaunces
of
warrefare
.
Yt
beseemeth
him
to
bee
hyghe
mynded
(
I
meane
not
proude
,
but
rather
the
contrarye
)
to
endeuour
to
climbe
to
the
highest
top
of
vertue
,
and
valure
.
He
ought
to
vse
exercises
of
armes
,
for
encrease
of
force
,
&
actiuitye
,
to
be
diligent
,
and
perfecte
in
the
partes
of
a
souldiour
,
to
keape
the
orders
,
&
lawes
of
warre
.
He
must
be
tractable
,
and
obedient
to
the
commaundement
of
his
Captayne
,
and
that
without
styckinge
,
for
he
is
to
houlde
for
assured
,
that
the
Generall
,
to
whom
for
his
skill
,
and
vertues
,
the
Prince
,
and
counsaile
,
hath
committed
the
strength
of
the
estate
,
is
a
person
sufficyent
well
to
guyde
the
same
,
which
will
by
wisedome
,
and
sound
aduise
,
order
,
&
dispose
his
affayres
.
Yt
is
not
commendable
in
a
souldiour
to
be
full
of
tongue
,
or
a
busie
bodie
,
but
he
should
be
secrete
and
sober
.
It
is
not
conuenient
for
him
to
bee
nicelie
accustomed
,
but
to
endure
hardnes
of
lyuinge
,
in
foode
&
trauaile
.
Wherefore
the
martiall
knightes
of
Roome
,
which
brought
vp
their
children
to
serue
their
countrey
honourably
in
the
warres
,
they
vsed
them
not
dayntilie
in
dyet
,
or
curiouslye
in
clothing
,
but
caused
them
diligentlie
to
be
instructed
in
vertue
,
and
perfectlie
practised
in
manlike
martiall
exercises
.
Licurgus
expellinge
all
idelnes
and
wantonnes
,
from
the
well
gouerned
estate
of
Lacedaemon
,
caused
the
youthe
to
dyne
&
suppe
abrode
in
comen
places
,
with
an
ordinarye
fare
;
harde
&
short
,
to
cutt
of
excesse
&
rvot
,
the
nourice
of
slouthe
,
&
that
they
should
not
sit
longe
at
their
Effeminatenes
is
contrarye
to
force
&
manlynesse
.
meate
,
but
be
soone
gone
to
the
publique
exercyses
,
and
profitable
studyes
appointed
for
them
.
Delicate
custome
,
and
lycentious
liuynge
spoyled
of
all
valure
,
the
victorious
and
most
redoubted
army
of
Hanniball
,
wallowinge
one
wynter
in
the
pleintifull
pleasures
,
and
fine
fashyons
of
the
curyous
Citizens
of
Capua
,
wheare
they
soiourned
,
by
which
the
iuste
reproofe
followed
,
and
was
imputed
vnto
their
Captayne
,
that
hee
hadde
the
skill
and
way
to
conquere
,
but
he
knewe
not
how
to
vse
and
prosecute
his
victories
.
For
if
hee
had
pursued
the
Romaynes
after
the
great
ouerthrow
which
he
gaue
them
at
Cannae
,
and
not
runne
his
Armye
on
the
rocke
of
ryott
,
restinge
out
of
time
,
and
waxinge
restife
by
pleasures
in
Capua
:
Roome
had
neuer
rysen
in
seigniorye
,
or
Empyre
to
bee
the
loftye
Ladie
,
and
Regient
of
the
world
,
which
then
beeinge
downe
,
when
hee
oppressed
not
by
his
slackenes
,
shee
toke
breath
agayne
,
and
recouered
to
his
ruyne
.
By
ryott
and
carelesse
rest
,
in
lascyuious
lasye
pleasures
,
Marcus
Antonius
the
moste
valyaunt
Captayne
with
his
Armye
was
spoyled
and
vanquished
.
The
great
empyre
of
the
Affiryens
sonke
in
this
vice
,
vnder
their
Prince
Sardanapale
,
and
was
subdued
.
Darius
drowned
the
Persian
state
in
delycate
lyfe
.
Italye
of
later
time
setled
in
loose
and
licentious
lyuinge
,
geeuinge
ouer
all
vertue
,
and
woorthye
excercyses
,
hath
offered
occasion
,
to
be
so
often
ouercome
by
the
Hunnes
,
Gotthes
,
Sayffers
,
Spanyerdes
,
and
Frenchmen
,
and
so
haue
fallen
,
and
shall
decaye
as
manye
Nations
,
as
geeue
ouer
them selues
to
lyke
effeminate
beastelyke
,
and
flewthfull
lyfe
.
And
thearefore
those
Princes
which
raygne
in
reste
onelye
by
fortune
,
stande
vppon
wheeles
,
roulinge
towardes
ruyne
:
But
the
state
whiche
hath
the
foundatyon
and
defence
theareof
,
vpon
vertue
,
is
firme
,
saufe
,
and
permanent
.
Good
Souldyours
shoulde
lyfte
vp
their
courages
to
atchyue
moste
hyghe
and
hard
thynges
,
treadynge
abiecte
ease
,
&
poorishe
pesauntlike
idlenes
vnder
foote
,
and
flying
lasciuyous
lewde
intemperaunce
as
from
a
Scorpion
.
They
ought
to
contempne
dayntines
,
as
a
womanlike
,
and
childishe
thinge
,
for
the
gluttons
bodye
,
or
minde
,
is
apte
for
no
good
purpose
.
And
yet
am
I
not
of
his
mynde
,
which
woulde
haue
the
souldiour
in
warrefare
,
to
eate
no
other
breade
,
or
meate
,
but
suche
as
hym selfe
baketh
,
and
dresseth
,
for
,
time
serueth
not
euerie
man
alwayes
so
to
doe
,
and
some
beinge
more
vnhandsome
in
handlinge
of
the
same
,
their
foode
should
be
the
lesse
healthsome
.
And
other
perchance
would
be
ouer
curious
,
and
employe
more
time
thearein
,
then
in
the
most
weyghtie
affaires
.
But
it
is
necessarye
that
for
a
neade
,
euerye
souldiour
knowe
howe
of
meale
,
egges
,
otemeale
,
oyle
,
or
Moderate
dyet
.
butter
,
to
bake
,
and
make
his
foode
.
Men
haue
had
sustinaunce
for
a
time
onely
by
rootes
,
and
that
without
any
hurt
of
health
.
He
is
not
woorthy
to
enioye
the
bountifull
benefites
,
&
plentyfull
prouision
,
which
GOD
hath
ordayned
for
the
wellfare
of
men
,
that
cannot
sometime
without
grudging
endure
some
hardnes
.
For
all
sortes
of
men
are
subiecte
vnto
necessities
,
trauayle
,
and
payne
,
or
els
this
weare
no
worlde
wherein
we
lyue
,
but
a
Heauen
,
and
two
heauens
a
Christian
man
is
not
to
looke
for
.
Moreouer
it
is
the
duetye
of
a
souldiour
with
all
affection
,
to
loue
,
and
honour
hys
Captaine
,
not
to
forsake
him
for
any
daunger
,
he
ought
to
keape
close
the
secrete
affayres
,
that
bee
committed
vnto
him
,
and
for
no
cause
to
conceate
any
thinge
from
him
,
that
maye
be
hurtfull
vnto
him
,
or
the
estate
of
the
armie
,
but
hee
ought
to
stretch
al
his
synewes
alwaies
to
profit
the
same
.
He
must
not
be
ouermuche
scrapinge
or
couetous
of
spoyles
,
for
so
diuers
victorious
armyes
haue
bene
spoyled
and
destroyed
,
whilest
they
onelie
respectinge
their
gaine
,
haue
neglected
the
enemie
,
till
they
haue
fallen
euen
in
his
mouthe
:
for
sometyme
,
the
enemie
hath
left
hys
campe
for
a
trayne
that
the
other
in
spoylinge
thereof
,
might
be
surprysed
in
disorder
and
easelie
vanquished
,
to
mocke
them
(
with
Tantalus
his
apple
,
as
the
Prouerbe
is
,
)
plucking
the
bone
or
possessd
praye
,
out
of
their
iawes
.
Great
Alexander
when
he
sawe
his
hoast
laden
,
surcharged
&
wearied
with
riche
spoyles
,
&
also
the
more
sharpelie
vrged
of
the
enemy
,
for
desire
thereof
:
he
caused
all
the
surplusage
of
the
carryages
&
stuffe
to
be
burned
,
first
beginning
with
his
owne
.
Be
moderate
therefore
good
souldiour
in
thy
doings
,
and
prynt
euery
parte
of
thy
duetie
in
prompt
memory
:
for
surely
,
I
write
not
these
wordes
of
course
,
but
of
trothe
,
with
my
careful
study
,
serchynge
and
faythfullye
examinynge
the
poyntes
needefull
for
thy
profite
,
and
I
trust
our
most
gracious
God
will
geue
fruites
of
our
labours
to
his
honour
,
and
our
countreys
good
seruice
:
whose
fauour
and
blessinge
bee
with
all
them
,
whiche
of
noble
courage
,
zeale
of
vertue
,
and
countryes
loue
,
desire
to
vse
armes
well
.
¶
Of
what
constitution
of
bodye
,
trade
,
and
qualitie
of
lyfe
,
the
best
souldiour
is
to
bee
chosen
:
and
what
exercyses
and
practises
are
needefull
of
hym
to
be
vsed
.
Cap.
11.
NOwe
for
the
choyse
of
our
good
souldiour
,
for
the
lykelihode
of
his
strength
,
courage
,
and
actiuitie
,
to
sett
downe
a
precyse
order
,
for
the
same
by
his
shoulders
,
brest
,
armes
,
thyghes
,
feete
,
or
composition
of
anie
other
parte
of
the
bodye
:
I
houlde
it
most
vayne
:
seeinge
that
good
iudgement
,
by
the
eye
discerneth
thereof
playnelie
,
and
wysedome
easelye
findeth
out
fitte
exercyses
for
certayne
proofe
and
tryall
hereof
,
and
it
is
not
possible
to
haue
a
great
armie
of
men
,
so
framed
in
all
pointes
,
but
the
courage
&
mynde
is
as
much
to
bee
respected
as
the
bodye
.
But
it
is
necessarye
to
bee
considered
,
of
what
age
,
trade
,
and
maner
of
lyuinge
,
best
choyse
of
souldiers
maye
be
made
.
For
their
age
,
the
lustiest
time
of
youth
for
strength
,
and
to
endure
trauaile
,
is
meetest
,
as
betwene
the
yeares
of
two
and
twentye
,
and
towardes
fiftie
.
How
be
it
,
great
Alexander
had
manie
of
hys
best
souldiers
,
aboue
those
yeares
of
age
.
And
for
their
exercyse
or
trade
of
lyfe
,
first
it
is
cleare
,
that
the
stronger
,
better
breathed
,
and
harder
man
of
bodie
by
nature
or
custome
,
is
the
more
auaylable
for
warres
:
and
therefore
it
is
to
conclude
,
that
men
of
suche
occupations
,
as
are
accustomed
most
to
labour
with
the
strength
of
their
armes
,
are
to
bee
preferred
for
this
purpose
,
as
smythes
,
butchers
,
masons
,
dyggers
in
mynes
,
Carpenters
,
&
most
principallye
the
husbandman
,
both
for
his
wonted
enduringe
of
hardnes
in
fare
,
and
of
all
weathers
and
toyle
in
the
fielde
,
beeinge
also
for
the
more
parte
,
of
honest
inclination
,
&
thriftie
,
which
be
good
partes
in
a
souldier
.
And
the
daintier
sorte
of
seruinge
men
&
riotous
fellowes
,
are
least
profitable
herein
.
But
the
common
speache
of
fencers
,
that
they
be
neuer
good
souldiours
,
proceadeth
not
of
iudgement
.
For
though
there
be
of
them
,
as
of
other
men
,
some
faynte
fellowes
,
yet
for
the
more
part
,
that
inclynation
&
delight
in
the
vse
of
weapons
,
sheweth
some
manlike
courage
,
&
the
practise
&
skill
therein
,
breadeth
hardines
:
and
albeit
there
be
other
sortes
of
weapons
vsed
in
warres
,
yet
the
exercyse
of
these
,
causeth
nimblenes
&
actiuitye
to
handle
anie
other
.
And
therefore
if
he
bee
not
otherwise
vnrulie
,
or
naughtelye
geuen
,
he
that
is
practysed
and
skilfull
in
vsynge
of
weapons
,
is
lykelye
to
prooue
a
valyaunt
and
an
excellent
souldiour
.
But
hee
that
feareth
not
to
receaue
hurte
,
excepte
he
knowe
howe
to
inflicte
daunger
&
doe
harmes
vnto
the
enemie
,
is
not
profitable
.
And
therefore
,
when
there
was
one
commended
vnto
an
expert
captaine
(
by
his
manie
skarres
of
woundes
receaued
)
that
he
was
a
great
souldier
,
&
a
verie
man
,
the
captaine
asked
streight
,
where
is
the
man
which
hurt
him
thus
:
brynge
him
vnto
mee
,
(
quod
he
)
&
I
will
entertayne
him
presentlie
,
for
in
this
case
I
like
the
geeuer
,
better
then
the
taker
.
Nowe
are
wee
next
,
to
see
,
what
exercyses
are
most
conuenient
and
expedient
to
bee
vsed
of
souldiours
.
And
generallie
,
suche
are
moste
auaylable
in
the
seruice
of
warres
,
as
cause
anie
of
these
effectes
:
that
is
to
saye
,
to
harden
the
bodie
,
to
make
it
nymbler
,
stronger
,
or
to
bee
well
breathed
,
as
for
the
purpose
,
wrastlynge
,
shootinge
,
dartynge
,
leapinge
,
castinge
of
great
stones
,
vawting
,
swymminge
,
and
to
labour
in
armour
,
heauyer
then
the
commen
forte
,
which
is
vsed
in
seruice
,
for
custome
maketh
labour
lyght
,
as
it
is
proued
by
the
practyse
of
Milo
,
whiche
begynninge
to
carriea
Calfe
into
the
fielde
to
pasture
,
euerie
daye
on
his
necke
,
hee
continued
with
the
same
burthen
,
till
it
was
growen
a
great
Oxe
,
addynge
still
encrease
of
goodwil
,
to
supplie
the
daylie
growing
of
hys
burthen
,
not
sufferyng
his
force
to
be
sodaynlie
so
surmounted
,
that
he
woulde
at
anie
time
shrynke
or
yelde
,
vnto
the
trauaile
&
burthen
of
the
daye
before
passed
:
So
that
custome
,
seemeth
to
alter
or
excell
nature
,
eftsones
.
Nowe
the
bodie
beeynge
made
apte
and
nymble
,
yet
doe
there
twoe
other
exercyses
remayne
,
to
bee
put
into
the
practise
of
a
souldyour
,
for
their
skyll
&
order
in
warres
.
The
first
is
,
that
hee
exercyse
to
handle
hys
bowe
,
peece
,
pyke
,
or
other
weapon
wherwith
he
shal
be
charged
,
nimblie
,
&
cunningly
,
that
he
be
able
to
doe
his
feate
thearewith
,
and
if
he
be
a
horseman
,
skilfullye
to
vse
his
horse
and
staffe
,
to
bee
readie
to
mount
or
alight
nymblye
at
a
becke
,
for
any
purpose
or
aduauntage
to
bee
taken
of
the
enemye
.
The
other
practise
is
,
to
be
perfecte
in
keapynge
the
arrayes
,
ranckes
,
and
orders
of
warre
,
in
marching
,
encampinge
,
&
fight
,
or
pursute
of
th
enemye
,
yea
,
and
in
reducing
,
and
bringinge
them selues
againe
into
any
fourme
of
arraye
,
if
perchaunce
they
shal
be
broken
or
disordered
by
force
of
the
enemy
,
&
that
spedelie
,
at
the
voyce
of
the
Captaine
,
or
sounde
of
Trumpet
,
or
Drumme
,
(
which
alwayes
stande
by
him
for
the
same
purpose
)
or
by
any
other
noyse
,
or
certayne
signe
,
which
hee
vseth
,
sometime
secretelie
,
and
sometime
open
,
to
geeue
out
vnderstandinge
of
his
minde
,
as
to
marche
,
or
proceade
,
to
retyre
,
to
take
this
waye
or
that
.
And
hearein
it
is
to
bee
certainlye
obserued
,
a
thinge
by
all
experience
alwaies
approued
,
that
no
force
of
men
,
prouisyon
,
power
,
industrie
,
or
furniture
can
preuaile
,
without
arraye
,
and
order
of
battaile
,
against
the
One
trayned
souldiour
,
worth
ten
untrayned
.
well
appoynted
,
whereof
a
feaw
,
shall
easelie
vanquishe
a
multitude
disordred
,
and
confusely
clusteringe
together
.
The
souldiour
thus
expert
,
and
by
practise
thoroughlye
manned
,
furnished
and
made
perfecte
mayster
,
and
possessour
of
his
Arte
,
shall
boldelye
,
and
courageouslie
proceade
into
the
fielde
:
For
feawe
men
feare
,
or
shrinke
to
doe
that
,
whearein
they
are
skillfull
,
and
well
practized
.
Now
for
the
more
endeuour
,
and
exercise
to
bee
vsed
and
had
hearein
,
thorough
out
this
lande
,
it
is
a
thinge
not
after
anye
other
to
bee
looked
vppon
,
and
effectuallye
considered
vnto
reformation
,
leaste
wee
doynge
nothinge
,
thinke
to
do
muche
,
&
beeinge
naked
vnder
a
nette
,
suppose
our selues
armed
,
when
wee
are
nothinge
couered
.
(
For
,
such
is
the
dulnesse
of
some
people
.
)
I
will
recyte
some
Examples
of
the
dilygence
vsed
by
the
moste
excellent
estates
hearein
.
First
in
the
foundation
of
the
greatest
Monarchye
of
the
worlde
vnder
Rome
,
what
ordynaunces
,
and
continuall
excersyses
of
warre
,
Romulus
established
theare
,
it
is
not
doubtfull
.
For
the
Romaynes
allwayes
after
vsynge
the
same
orders
,
whiche
hee
instituted
,
and
deliuered
vnto
their
handes
,
vppon
the
same
foundation
proceadynge
in
prowesse
,
attayned
to
moste
highe
honour
of
Armes
,
and
erected
their
famous
Empyre
.
Tullus
Hostilius
,
and
Ancus
Martius
kinges
theare
,
bestowed
greate
trauayle
and
industrye
,
in
encreasinge
the
sayde
Disciplyne
of
warre
.
In
Lacedaemon
a
Citye
of
Grecia
,
which
by
excellent
gouernement
grewe
to
haue
dominion
ouer
dyuers
Kingdomes
,
Lycurgus
the
politique
Prince
,
amonge
his
Lawes
and
customes
,
whiche
hee
established
theare
,
ordayned
that
all
spare
tyme
shoulde
bee
expended
in
vertuous
exercises
,
and
principallye
in
the
noble
practyses
of
Armes
,
to
gett
honour
,
and
soueraynetye
of
the
enemyes
,
cleane
cuttinge
of
vnthriftye
,
wastfull
ryott
,
abandoninge
delycate
nycenesse
,
and
banyshinge
idle
,
and
chyldishe
Games
,
as
commen
Cardeplaye
,
Cayles
,
Coytes
,
Slydebourde
,
Bowles
,
and
Blowepoynt
,
which
weare
throwen
oute
of
the
commen
wealthe
.
From
whence
also
hee
dyscarded
and
expelled
,
Ianglers
,
Iesters
,
Iuglers
,
Puppetplayers
,
Pypers
,
and
suche
like
vnprofitable
persons
,
in
steade
of
which
weare
mayntayned
menne
of
valure
,
frequentynge
,
and
exercisynge
actiuitye
of
wrastelinge
,
dartynge
,
throwinge
the
Barre
,
the
sledge
,
vsinge
the
weapons
of
Warre
,
in
skyrmishes
,
and
lyke
actes
to
example
the
practises
&
exployts
of
warre
,
as
skalynge
of
Fortes
,
skilfull
ridinge
,
runninge
at
the
rynge
,
marchinge
eftsoones
in
arraye
of
battayle
Vegetius
sayth
,
that
Gentlemen
to
whom
the
profession
of
armes
is
proper
,
as
their
arte
ought
from
their
cradel
to
their
graue
,
to
be
practised
thearein
.
&c.
And
publique
places
weare
appoynted
commodiouslye
for
the
commen
vsinge
of
the
same
,
and
moste
actyue
menne
to
bee
teachers
hearein
.
The
honourable
exercyses
called
Olimpiades
,
celebrated
in
Grecia
,
withe
concourse
of
people
from
all
partes
of
the
worlde
,
to
trye
valure
,
and
wynne
the
Vyctours
Crowne
,
thys
contentyon
in
all
practises
and
qualyties
of
vertue
and
commendation
,
caused
Grecia
first
aboue
all
other
nations
,
to
floryshe
in
honour
of
armes
,
learninge
,
and
other
laudable
trades
,
wheare
the
righte
and
excellent
Dyscipline
,
and
order
of
Warre
was
nouryshed
and
maintened
wythe
great
soueraintie
&
dominion
.
The
famous
spectacle
of
the
exercises
of
Armes
,
in
Campus
Martius
,
in
the
latter
time
of
the
triumphant
estate
of
Rome
was
of
great
industrie
,
&
actiuitie
,
being
alwayes
nolesse
honourablye
,
then
duelie
on
the
holidayes
frequented
,
and
obserued
of
al
sortes
.
And
at
this
daye
vnder
diuers
estates
in
Germanye
,
this
diligence
is
vsed
in
trayning
of
souldiours
,
&
preparation
for
warres
,
they
deuide
the
inhabiters
of
euerye
citie
,
or
shire
,
into
certaine
partes
,
or
bandes
,
geuing
vnto
them
the
names
of
such
weapons
,
as
they
will
chose
to
bee
charged
with
for
their
furniture
,
&
seruice
in
the
time
of
warres
,
as
Archers
,
Pikemen
,
Demilaunces
&
such
like
,
so
that
theare
is
no
able
person
,
exempted
out
of
these
orders
,
either
for
exercise
,
or
supplye
,
&
contribution
to
the
charges
of
one
sorte
of
these
weapons
,
which
companies
bee
thus
on
their
holydaies
,
and
spare
times
duelie
trayned
and
practised
.
The
Turke
also
,
what
numbers
hee
causeth
from
verie
yonge
yeares
,
to
bee
brought
vp
,
and
skilfullye
practised
vnto
the
feates
and
seruice
of
warres
,
and
what
huge
garrisons
,
and
armies
of
Souldiours
,
he
continuallie
maintaineth
,
it
is
well
knowen
:
and
with
all
no
Prince
,
Realme
,
or
estate
more
free
from
Rebellion
of
subiectes
,
and
forewarde
in
victories
Plaut.
Feliciter
is
sapit
,
qui
alieno
periculo
sapit
.
then
he
.
So
to
conclude
,
God
graunt
,
that
the
examples
of
others
,
maye
stirre
the
flacke
,
and
dull
sorte
,
well
to
vse
Armes
before
their
harmes
.
¶
Of
the
sundric
sortes
of
weapons
,
vsed
by
diuers
nations
in
the
auncient
warres
,
and
which
are
nowe
most
necessarie
,
with
some
respectes
of
pressynge
souldiours
.
Cap.
xii
.
THe
weapons
which
the
antiquitie
vsed
in
their
warres
were
diuers
.
They
hadd
crossebowes
,
slynges
,
dartes
,
and
hatchettes
,
all
which
the
harquebus
hath
nowe
displaced
,
beinge
more
auaylable
for
the
warres
.
They
vsed
also
malles
like
our
pollaxes
,
glayues
,
hammers
,
and
battail
axes
.
The
Romaines
vsed
most
for
their
footemen
,
the
swerd
Samuel
ca.
13
The
Isralites
for
want
of
weapons
vsed
their
matocks
&
cowlters
.
and
target
,
speares
or
iauelins
.
The
Macedonien
weapon
,
was
a
longe
speare
called
Sarissa
,
whych
our
partizans
and
pykes
well
supplie
.
The
Parthiens
were
all
light
horsemen
,
vsinge
bowes
and
arrowes
,
by
which
,
in
the
large
plaine
countreis
,
where
they
sought
to
ioigne
battaill
,
they
atchieued
manie
notable
conquestes
.
In
steade
of
the
Parthyens
bowe
,
mee
thynketh
the
curryer
weare
of
better
vse
for
some
light
horsemen
,
for
that
he
shooteth
more
certainelie
,
and
stryketh
more
daungerouslie
then
the
arrowe
,
and
when
hee
hath
dyscharged
,
he
maye
be
gone
,
and
remooue
lightlie
to
charge
againe
,
but
his
horse
must
bee
well
managed
heareunto
,
as
vnto
all
other
feates
of
the
warre
.
Moreouer
in
myne
oppinion
,
it
were
an
excellent
furniture
for
the
pikeman
to
haue
a
dagge
,
or
a
case
of
dagges
at
his
girdle
,
for
diuers
purposes
.
But
it
is
needefull
for
euerie
souldiour
in
the
fielde
to
haue
a
good
swerde
and
dagger
,
and
for
the
armed
souldiour
,
the
same
woulde
bee
but
shorte
,
with
waightie
pomells
,
stronge
,
&
narrowe
poynted
.
One
other
thinge
I
woulde
saye
,
and
conclude
,
for
the
regarde
of
souldiours
,
when
a
power
is
to
be
leuied
,
and
men
prest
into
the
warres
,
if
it
stande
vppon
no
greater
necessitie
,
but
that
such
choyse
maye
be
made
,
it
is
to
be
respected
,
that
men
of
occupation
,
husbandmen
,
and
suche
like
,
(
which
after
the
warres
ended
,
maye
retourne
to
their
trades
,
or
els
haue
somwhat
of
their
owne
to
liue
ciuillye
with
all
)
be
first
taken
.
Secondlie
it
is
to
be
considered
,
that
men
hauinge
great
charge
See
also
Deut.
20.
&
24.
of
children
,
or
occupyinge
,
be
the
rather
spared
&
exempted
from
the
warres
.
For
Iudas
Machabeus
the
most
redoubted
Captaine
of
the
hoast
of
Israell
,
dismissed
out
of
his
armie
,
suche
as
newely
maried
wyues
,
buylded
houses
,
or
planted
vineardes
,
whereby
their
hartes
beeynge
left
at
home
,
they
shoulde
be
the
lesse
valiaunt
,
and
more
lothe
to
hazarde
their
lynes
.
Good
order
must
bee
taken
,
that
the
commen
wealthe
be
not
pestered
wyth
idle
and
vnprofitable
men
,
and
the
same
once
beeinge
purged
,
if
none
be
after
taken
into
the
warres
,
but
such
as
by
their
trades
or
other
staye
,
are
lyke
to
liue
conuenientlie
by
their
owne
industrie
or
hauoyr
,
except
so
manie
as
maye
be
maintayned
by
the
warres
,
preferred
by
pentions
,
or
placed
in
garrisons
afterwardes
:
souldiours
shall
not
be
discouraged
to
see
manie
of
that
sorte
,
the
warres
beinge
dissolued
,
needie
,
neglected
,
and
fallen
into
miseries
.
For
surelie
the
souldiour
,
that
is
a
ciuill
man
with
all
,
is
an
especiall
member
of
his
countrey
,
to
be
regarded
more
then
hee
which
is
lesse
able
to
serue
the
same
,
for
it
is
a
blessinge
of
God
,
both
for
the
vse
,
necessarie
,
&
of
valure
,
worthye
estimation
.
And
therefore
principallie
,
the
generall
and
Captaines
ought
after
the
warres
ended
,
to
retayne
their
tender
affection
towardes
the
souldiours
,
which
haue
serued
them
well
,
and
to
endeuour
as
they
may
,
to
preferre
them
.
But
generallie
all
good
men
ought
to
fauour
and
further
honest
souldiours
,
which
hath
a
valiaunt
desire
to
propulse
the
enemie
,
&
to
purchase
honour
and
sauftie
,
vnto
their
natiue
countryes
.
The
seconde
booke
.
¶
Of
the
disciplyne
and
admonitions
of
warre
.
AL
bee
it
,
that
there
can
not
bee
rules
appointed
,
or
prescribed
to
direct
al
the
doinges
&
affaires
of
warre
,
as
well
for
that
there
is
no
leasure
,
vppon
sodaine
mischiefes
to
searche
out
presidentes
or
ponder
lessons
&
rules
,
as
also
because
of
the
infinite
occasions
&
chaunces
,
that
happen
beyonde
expectation
.
It
were
therefore
an
infinite
(
I
may
saye
as
Hanniball
did
by
the
dotinge
discourse
of
olde
Formio
)
a
madd
peece
of
woorke
,
to
prescribe
a
particuler
order
Formio
a
philosopher
.
for
euerie
acte
to
be
done
in
the
warres
,
wherein
the
Captaine
must
followe
the
grounde
and
dyrection
of
his
wisedome
and
experience
:
But
yet
some
certaine
obseruations
there
are
for
him
most
needefull
:
and
presidentes
of
other
excellent
captaines
in
great
difficulties
,
maye
bee
good
warninges
&
lessons
in
the
like
,
to
make
a
foundation
and
plott
of
politique
inuention
,
&
good
iudgement
,
so
that
the
Iron
or
stuffe
thereby
maye
bee
supplyed
,
but
the
hammer
of
the
Captaines
wisedome
,
must
worke
and
frame
the
same
,
vnto
hys
seuerall
practises
and
occasions
.
Now
therefore
to
goe
into
the
matter
,
let
vs
see
what
aduantages
,
policie
,
by
good
experience
and
sure
grounde
of
reason
,
hath
taught
vs
to
seeke
in
ioygninge
battaile
,
and
encounter
with
the
enemie
.
First
,
if
he
come
by
sea
,
to
aryue
&
take
his
landynge
,
Cassibellans
example
sheweth
what
is
best
to
doe
,
who
vnderstandinge
of
Iulius
Caesars
comming
out
of
Fraunce
to
inuade
this
land
of
Britayne
,
he
foorth
with
gathered
his
power
together
,
and
ioyning
them
with
the
aide
of
Androgeus
king
of
Kent
,
they
proceaded
to
the
Sea
side
,
wheare
valiauntlie
resistinge
the
arriuall
of
the
Romaines
,
they
were
repulsed
,
and
driuen
backe
to
their
shippes
,
well
laden
with
blowes
.
Which
declareth
that
great
aduauntage
is
had
to
deale
with
the
enemie
,
before
he
haue
discharged
all
his
power
out
of
the
shippes
,
being
disordered
,
and
straighted
in
rome
,
and
standing
on
slipperie
places
,
hauinge
some
impediment
of
the
water
,
before
they
can
winne
the
firme
shore
.
The
like
facilitie
is
there
to
withstand
the
enemie
,
at
the
mouthe
or
entringe
of
some
streyghtes
,
or
at
the
passinge
of
highe
stepe
hilles
.
Leonidas
wyth
Leonidas
,
and
the
armye
of
Xerxes
.
600.
Lacedemoniens
keapinge
the
toppe
of
the
hill
where
the
huge
hoaste
of
the
Persiens
were
to
passe
,
and
enter
into
Grecia
,
at
the
streyghtes
of
Thermopilae
,
slewe
theare
more
then
xx
.
thousand
of
them
.
Caesar
before
recited
,
beeing
to
conueye
his
Armie
ouer
a
riuer
in
Fraunce
,
the
passage
wheareof
was
defended
&
kept
on
the
other
side
by
Vergintorix
,
leader
of
the
Frenchmen
,
he
there
fore
knowinge
how
muche
the
enemie
might
auoide
him
,
before
he
could
gett
ouer
,
vsed
this
policie
to
beguyle
them
:
He
caused
a
portion
of
hys
armie
drawen
out
of
diuers
bandes
,
to
be
priuelye
lodged
in
a
woode
nighe
,
and
theare
to
frame
a
little
bridge
,
on
the
sodayne
to
be
cast
ouer
the
ryuer
.
them
,
downe
goeth
he
alonge
by
the
shore
,
as
thoughe
he
sought
passage
in
some
other
place
.
The
Frenchmen
seing
him
remoue
,
bearing
the
iust
number
of
his
ensignes
,
not
doubting
any
double
dealing
,
followeth
wayghting
vpon
him
alonge
the
other
side
,
Caesar
,
by
that
the
bridge
was
made
,
spede
lie
retourning
,
passed
ouer
without
lett
or
trouble
.
The
like
policye
may
bee
well
vsed
,
mee
thinketh
thus
:
to
espy
where
sum
part
of
the
riuer
is
shallow
or
otherwise
most
conuenientlye
to
be
passed
,
&
then
to
carry
away
the
enemy
by
colour
of
some
attempt
in
another
place
,
&
after
to
retourne
vnto
the
same
by
night
,
or
secretelie
to
lodge
some
sufficient
parte
of
the
armye
behinde
to
passe
the
same
,
&
inuade
the
enemie
on
a
sodayne
at
their
backe
,
while
the
other
parte
of
the
armye
proceadeth
before
,
in
the
viewe
,
&
gaze
of
the
enemy
.
For
the
polityke
Captayne
oughte
nothinge
lesse
to
pretende
in
shewe
,
then
that
whiche
in
purpose
he
intendeth
.
For
so
haue
famous
Cityes
bene
surprised
on
the
sodayne
vnprouided
,
while
a
counterfaite
preparation
hath
bene
made
by
the
enemye
,
&
a
power
lead
an
other
waye
,
sometime
againste
a
secrete
friende
,
being
in
apparance
an
enemy
,
till
they
haue
both
,
ioygned
to
the
mischiefe
of
a
third
partye
,
&
so
is
it
a
practise
at
the
syege
of
a
Towne
,
to
bende
&
encline
al
force
&
batterie
in
shewe
to
one
side
of
the
same
,
when
a
secrete
power
is
prepared
to
skale
,
&
surprise
it
on
some
other
parte
,
little
regarded
or
defended
.
Hanno
a
Captayne
of
Carthage
,
being
streightlie
besyeged
within
a
trenche
,
he
enclosed
himselfe
most
stronglye
,
as
it
seemed
,
on
that
parte
where
he
purposed
to
breake
forthe
,
which
he
afterwardes
setting
on
fire
,
escaped
thorough
wyth
his
armie
,
the
enemies
geuing
no
watche
vnto
that
place
.
Nabides
,
at
the
syege
of
Lacedaemon
,
set
fire
on
a
parte
of
the
Towne
,
where
enemies
weare
entred
,
&
by
the
trouble
thereof
,
with
a
fresh
assaulte
made
of
the
Townesmen
,
draue
them
out
agayne
.
Hanniball
,
on
a
time
driuen
into
a
streyght
by
Fabius
the
Romayne
,
so
that
hee
was
enforced
by
a
great
enconueniēce
to
passe
a
hill
,
where
the
armie
of
Fabius
lay
on
the
top
thereof
,
he
therefore
caused
linkes
&
brandes
,
to
be
fastened
vnto
the
hornes
of
a
great
number
of
oxen
which
weare
in
the
campe
,
&
setting
them
on
fire
by
night
,
the
cattail
were
driuen
with
great
noise
&
larum
,
vp
to
the
enemies
campe
,
which
hearinge
the
terrible
noise
of
the
beastes
,
when
they
felt
the
force
of
the
fire
,
&
also
being
ama
zed
with
the
sight
,
as
though
they
stoode
in
doubt
to
fight
with
the
dyuell
,
that
made
such
a
whorlye burlie
:
Hannibal
the
whilest
,
quietly
conueied
ouer
his
armie
.
Diuers
Captaynes
when
they
haue
bene
hardlie
pursued
,
or
let
in
like
passage
by
the
enemy
,
they
haue
setled
their
armies
,
and
begonne
trenches
,
as
thoughe
they
would
haue
rested
theare
,
or
ioygned
battaile
shortlye
,
withe
the
enemye
,
which
markinge
&
obseruinge
the
same
,
hath
encamped
,
&
made
the
like
preparation
,
whilest
that
the
other
haue
vsed
oportunitie
to
passe
suche
ryuers
,
hilles
,
or
gayne
such
grounde
,
as
they
desired
.
Also
the
excellent
Captaines
haue
accustomed
,
when
they
vnderstoode
that
the
enemie
had
made
strongest
the
front
,
or
some
other
singuler
part
of
his
battaile
,
they
haue
sett
against
the
flanke
,
or
weakest
side
theareof
.
Some
other
,
haue
suffered
them selues
to
be
enclosed
by
the
enemies
armie
,
to
the
ende
,
that
the
same
beeinge
brought
out
of
order
,
they
woulde
breake
thoroughe
the
weakest
parte
theareof
,
whiche
hath
happened
to
the
great
hurt
of
the
enemie
.
Manye
thinges
theare
are
to
be
obserued
,
which
geue
great
aduauntage
in
the
ioygninge
of
battaile
,
as
if
thou
canst
trayne
thy
enemie
into
a
streight
or
valley
,
&
thy selfe
to
possesse
the
hilles
,
on
bothe
sides
,
as
Hanniball
caught
the
Romaine
armie
at
Cannae
.
And
alwayes
it
is
good
policie
to
haue
the
higher
ground
of
the
enemy
,
and
to
haue
the
aduauntage
of
the
winde
,
and
the
sunne
,
for
the
same
being
in
the
face
of
the
enemie
,
thou
maist
sett
furthe
a
part
of
thine
armye
to
inuade
his
battaile
on
the
one
side
,
or
at
the
backe
,
that
their
sight
being
troubled
,
they
shall
not
perceaue
wheare
about
thou
goest
,
wheareby
also
if
thou
haue
any
ambushe
in
anye
trenche
,
wood
,
or
couert
laide
,
as
he
shall
marche
,
he
is
more
apte
to
come
into
the
same
vndiscouered
,
&
then
,
sodaine
daungers
when
they
be
not
knowen
,
or
perfectlie
sene
,
are
the
more
feared
.
As
the
experience
hereof
was
had
by
Epaminondas
,
a
famous
Captayne
of
Grecia
,
which
supplyed
this
aduantage
of
the
sonne
,
another
waye
,
hee
caused
his
light
horsemen
,
in
verie
dustie
wayes
,
to
make
an
attempte
vpon
the
enemye
,
and
shortlie
to
withdrawe
,
and
gallop
backe
before
them
,
the
whilest
Epaminondas
came
about
vppon
them
,
on
the
one
syde
,
before
they
coulde
discerne
the
order
of
his
battaile
,
for
the
dust
that
was
raysed
,
&
so
easelie
vanquished
them
.
The
like
practise
maye
be
by
a
pyle
of
wood
,
or
olde
hedges
in
the
waye
of
the
enemyes
sette
on
fire
,
to
rayse
a
smoke
,
for
a
impedyment
of
their
sighte
,
till
some
enterprise
bee
atchyeued
.
Where
the
one
parte
is
exceading
stronge
,
by
store
of
horsemen
or
of
shott
,
it
is
vndoubtedlie
for
the
aduantage
and
sauftie
of
the
other
,
to
keepe
in
rough
groundes
,
or
neare
some
bankes
,
hilles
,
or
woodes
,
&
also
to
keepe
their
armie
close
that
the
horse
men
or
shot
be
verie
nigh
vpon
them
,
before
they
bringe
foorth
their
battaill
.
So
shall
not
the
shott
haue
leasure
or
leuell
to
discharge
,
likelie
to
hurte
,
and
horses
in
suche
groundes
disordered
,
and
leapinge
one
vpon
an
others
backe
for
lacke
of
roome
,
shall
loose
their
force
to
take
the
starte
vpon
the
enemie
.
Great
policie
also
it
is
,
if
thou
canst
come
with
thy
armie
freshe
vpon
the
enemie
,
wearied
with
muche
trauaile
,
or
beinge
in
anie
mutine
amonge
them selues
,
weakened
or
discouraged
by
want
of
victualles
,
or
anie
other
perplexitie
or
distresse
by
ill
tydinges
out
of
their
countrey
,
or
some
losse
else
where
sustayned
,
before
the
same
bee
salued
or
supplyed
by
anie
later
victorye
,
or
other
good
happe
fallen
vnto
them
,
and
it
hathe
been
vsed
,
cunninglie
to
coygne
,
and
cast
abrode
,
imagined
rumours
of
mischiefes
towardes
,
to
appall
and
dismaye
the
enemie
.
Manie
singuler
and
famous
exploytes
and
victories
haue
been
had
&
done
,
when
the
enemie
hath
been
surprysed
on
the
sodaine
in
disorder
,
or
by
nighte
,
for
want
of
good
espyall
,
when
hee
hathe
not
doubted
anie
daunger
,
and
therefore
it
is
good
to
bee
circumspect
and
readie
,
to
stande
still
vpon
guarde
and
defence
,
and
little
to
truste
the
enemie
duringe
the
warres
.
Titus
Didius
,
beinge
weaker
then
his
enemie
which
was
remouinge
to
encounter
a
legion
,
comminge
into
his
ayde
,
to
staye
that
purpose
,
hee
publyshed
thoroughe
out
all
his
armie
that
he
entended
the
next
daye
to
fighte
the
fielde
,
and
suffered
certaine
prysoners
colourablie
to
escape
,
which
freshlie
coulde
so
orthe
those
newes
when
they
retourned
into
their
campe
,
whereby
the
enemie
stayed
,
and
the
other
sauflie
receaued
the
succour
sent
vnto
him
.
¶
To
breake
,
or
disorder
the
battaile
of
the
enemye
.
Cap.
2.
OTher
policyes
there
are
to
be
remembred
,
and
practised
,
when
a
battayle
is
orderlie
sette
,
to
breake
or
trouble
the
same
,
and
this
is
one
,
to
geue
out
with
great
noyse
duringe
the
fight
,
that
the
generall
on
the
other
syde
,
is
slayne
,
or
that
parte
of
hys
battaile
duringe
the
fighte
,
flyeth
,
or
to
make
some
sodaine
shewe
to
be
a
terrour
vnto
them
.
As
Caius
Sulpitius
,
caused
a
manie
of
Pages
vnder
Romaine
ensignes
,
with
bad
cast
horses
,
cartes
,
&
trumperie
,
to
make
a
great
muster
&
shew
sodainelye
vpon
a
hyll
within
sight
,
whyle
he
was
a
fightinge
with
the
Frenchmen
,
whiche
thereby
being
discomfited
,
he
obtayned
the
victorie
.
But
it
is
of
greater
effecte
,
if
in
deede
there
be
a
troupe
closelie
conueyed
,
or
an
ambushe
layed
,
on
the
sodaine
,
to
inuade
the
enemyes
fightynge
,
at
their
backe
,
whiche
maye
most
conuenientlie
be
done
,
where
there
be
hilles
or
couert
nyghe
.
Hanniball
in
a
battaile
against
kynge
Eumenes
,
threwe
earthen
pottes
full
of
snakes
and
vipers
amonge
his
enemies
,
wherewith
they
were
presentlie
frighted
and
disordered
.
The
Spaniardes
,
against
the
armie
of
Plutarch
in
vita
Hannibalis
.
the
Carthaginoys
led
by
Amilcar
,
put
in
their
fronte
,
Cartes
full
of
Towe
,
drawen
with
Oxen
,
and
ioygninge
to
fighte
,
they
kyndeled
fire
in
the
same
,
by
force
whereof
,
the
Oxen
thrust
furth
into
the
battaile
of
the
enemyes
,
and
opened
it
.
The
Carts
hooked
,
Horsemen
.
lyke
hathe
been
done
with
Cartes
full
of
hookes
,
by
great
power
enforced
and
dryuen
vppon
the
fronte
of
the
enemies
.
For
the
auoydinge
whereof
Sylla
the
Romaine
,
planted
Pyles
&
stakes
before
his
battaile
,
whereby
the
Cartes
were
stopped
Stakes
.
and
dyd
not
hurte
.
The
lyke
daunger
maye
bee
auoyded
by
geeuynge
waye
vnto
suche
engyns
,
thorough
spaces
prepared
in
the
fronte
or
first
rankes
,
till
they
may
bee
turned
a
syde
,
by
which
practise
also
,
great
power
and
fierce
assaulte
of
horsemen
hath
beecome
vayne
.
Nowe
to
remedie
sodaine
mischiefes
,
whiche
maye
fall
,
and
to
staye
the
armie
from
fearefull
flight
before
there
be
cause
:
there
bee
two
firme
and
necessarie
rules
constantlie
to
bee
kepte
,
the
one
is
,
that
no
man
for
anie
sodaine
chaunce
,
terrour
shewe
by
any
practise
or
assault
of
the
enemie
made
by
daye
or
by
night
,
take
anie
other
waye
or
purpose
,
but
to
fight
couragiouslie
,
till
there
be
certaine
signe
geuen
by
the
generall
to
retyre
,
or
otherwise
to
deale
.
The
other
rule
is
,
that
the
Captayne
circumuented
or
deceaued
by
the
enemie
,
seeme
to
Tu
ne
cede
malis
,
sed
contra
,
audentior
esto
.
Virg.
doe
the
same
willinglie
,
whiche
hee
is
enforced
vnto
.
Tullus
Hostilius
,
in
battayle
seinge
howe
a
bande
of
his
hyred
souldiours
was
tourned
vnto
the
enemye
,
whereby
hys
menne
were
muche
troubled
and
affrayed
,
hee
foorthwith
gaue
vnderstandinge
throughe
oute
the
armie
,
that
there
was
nothinge
done
,
but
by
his
commaundement
,
and
for
a
good
purpose
,
Scipio
goinge
to
inuade
Affryke
,
hadde
before
made
league
and
frendship
with
Syphax
kinge
of
Numidia
,
whiche
afterwarde
reuoltinge
,
sent
him
worde
that
he
woulde
be
a
frende
vnto
the
other
parte
,
but
Scipio
concealed
this
message
from
his
souldiours
,
and
sayde
that
hee
sent
vnto
him
to
make
haste
on
the
iourneye
.
Moreouer
,
yf
parte
of
the
armye
flye
,
be-before
the
whole
battayle
be
moued
and
broken
,
the
wise
and
valiaunt
Captaine
may
by
vehement
perswasions
&
meanes
,
bringe
them
backe
,
&
especially
the
hardynes
&
noble
courage
of
the
general
,
may
auayle
hearein
.
As
Lucius
Silla
,
in
a
battayle
againste
Mithridates
,
certayne
of
hys
legions
,
or
bandes
beinge
put
to
flyght
,
he
gott
before
them
with
his
swearde
drawen
,
crying
,
if
any
aske
you
of
your
Captaines
,
saye
,
we
lefte
him
in
the
fielde
fighting
.
Phillip
king
of
Macedon
,
vnderstanding
that
his
men
feared
the
Scythians
,
placed
behinde
his
armie
,
certaine
of
his
most
trustie
horsemen
,
&
gaue
commaundement
to
keape
in
,
and
turne
vpon
the
enemyes
,
such
as
shoulde
flye
,
that
they
might
bee
slayne
both
of
them
,
and
of
their
friendes
,
wheareby
his
souldiours
determininge
rather
to
dye
honourablye
to
the
benefite
of
their
Countrey
,
them
with
shame
,
to
the
hurt
thereof
they
became
Conquerours
.
Some
Captaines
to
geue
occasion
to
the
souldiours
to
vse
greater
endeuour
,
and
to
put
out
their
force
thoroughlye
,
haue
throwen
an
ensigne
amongest
the
enemyes
,
and
appointed
rewarde
to
him
which
could
recouer
it
againe
.
And
when
they
enemye
lodgeth
within
streyghtes
,
trenches
,
or
places
enuironed
with
hilles
,
meanes
may
bee
founde
to
prouoke
him
to
battaile
,
by
cuttinge
of
,
his
foragers
,
and
prouision
of
victualles
,
or
to
faine
that
thou
remouest
to
some
other
enterprise
,
withdrawinge
till
hee
be
dislodged
.
But
Paulus
Aemilius
in
Macedonia
to
encounter
,
and
deale
with
the
Armye
of
Perses
,
restinge
at
the
foote
of
the
hill
Olympus
,
in
a
place
maruailouslye
by
nature
enuironned
,
&
by
arte
fortified
,
hee
Martius
against
the
Dutchmen
,
&
Flaminius
against
Phillip
kinge
of
Macedon
,
conueyed
a
troupe
vp
a
hill
,
to
come
downe
vpon
the
enemy
at
their
backes
,
while
they
were
in
fight
belowe
.
conueyed
his
armye
secretelye
by
night
,
vp
the
stepe
,
&
vnhaunted
wayes
of
the
hill
,
not
suspected
or
watched
of
the
enemye
,
so
that
he
came
downe
the
more
sodainlie
vppon
them
,
to
their
greater
spoile
&
losse
.
Cato
Maior
by
the
verie
same
means
,
came
vpon
Antiochus
,
beinge
stronglye
guarded
&
defended
,
in
the
streyghtes
of
Thermopylae
in
Graecia
,
at
which
enterprise
,
the
kinge
Antiochus
,
being
greatly
hurte
with
a
stone
,
his
armie
fledde
.
Scipio
the
excellent
Captaine
,
goinge
to
subdue
Afrique
,
procured
in
so
great
warres
,
the
aide
of
K.
Masinissa
,
whom
shorthe
after
his
arryuall
there
,
he
sent
to
prouoke
Hanno
generall
on
the
other
side
,
for
the
Carthaginois
to
fight
,
who
seing
the
small
number
with
Masinissa
led
,
proceaded
against
him
with
all
his
power
on
a
heape
,
and
the
other
after
a
feawe
blowes
,
fayninge
to
flye
,
brought
the
enemy
foorth
vnto
Fooles
baye
,
vpon
the
hoast
of
Scipio
,
which
he
had
arrayed
and
sett
in
excellent
order
of
battaile
,
readye
to
receaue
the
enemie
:
So
was
Hanno
there
slayne
,
and
his
disordered
Armie
put
to
flyghte
.
Then
Scipio
purposinge
the
syege
of
the
Citye
Vtica
,
and
hearinge
of
the
comminge
of
Hasdruball
and
Syphax
,
with
a
myghtye
power
agaynst
him
,
hee
planted
his
Armye
vpon
an
hyll
,
wheare
he
might
saue
and
defende
his
nauye
,
and
also
with
sum
aduauntage
fighte
wyth
the
enemye
.
And
when
he
had
vnderstandynge
,
that
the
enemyes
had
setled
bothe
their
campes
nyghe
,
and
that
their
tentes
weare
made
wythe
woode
and
bull
rushes
warme
,
for
the
wynter
time
,
he
sent
Masinissa
,
and.
C.
Laelius
,
to
sett
fire
on
them
by
night
,
and
with
all
to
assayle
Syphax
,
whyche
done
,
the
fire
also
taketh
Hasdruballes
campe
,
&
the
Carthaginoys
runninge
foorth
in
heapes
vnto
the
broyle
,
they
fell
all
into
the
Romaynes
handes
:
So
that
theare
weare
then
slaine
almost
.
xl
.
thousande
of
them
.
Thus
mightie
powers
be
by
policie
,
smothelie
vanquished
,
and
great
estates
lyghtlie
ouerthrowen
,
&
wyse
men
seing
the
rocke
,
wheareon
other
men
wracke
,
are
warned
and
waxe
ware
,
taking
by
their
losse
,
a
lesson
to
guyde
their
owne
affayres
.
¶
Aduertysementes
how
the
armye
that
is
weaker
then
the
enemyes
,
may
growe
stronger
,
or
saue
it selfe
.
Cap.
3.
IT
is
a
policie
in
this
case
,
to
drawe
vnto
thee
,
sum
of
the
enemyes
friendes
or
ayde
,
by
promise
of
great
thinges
,
hope
of
large
dominyon
,
&
benefites
,
to
follow
,
or
by
practise
to
sowe
discention
,
or
mislike
,
betwene
them
,
as
when
Siphax
king
of
Numidia
,
had
ioygned
league
with
the
Romaines
,
to
ayde
them
in
the
warres
of
Afrique
,
the
Carthaginois
sent
Ambassadours
vnto
him
,
declaringe
the
ambition
of
the
Romaines
,
howe
by
litle
&
litle
,
they
sought
cunninglie
to
subdue
al
other
Princes
,
&
being
once
entred
into
Afrique
,
that
they
would
not
cease
,
till
they
had
obtayned
it
all
,
wheareof
his
Countreye
was
parte
:
and
by
other
such
enducementes
,
withdrewe
him
from
the
Romaynes
,
with
all
his
power
to
assiste
them
.
The
like
deuise
had
Hannibal
after
,
to
wynne
Antiochus
kinge
of
Macedonia
,
and
Prusias
kinge
of
Bithynia
,
to
the
aide
of
the
Carthaginoys
.
Also
it
profiteth
no
lesse
,
to
geue
occasion
vnto
the
enemye
,
to
distrust
,
or
displace
their
best
friendes
or
Captaines
.
The
Atheniens
weare
alwayes
victours
,
till
they
banished
their
excellent
Captaine
Alcibiades
,
and
shortlye
after
weare
subdued
by
the
Lacedaemoniens
.
And
if
the
Romaines
had
not
banished
Coriolan
:
The
Volsciens
before
subdued
,
had
not
afterwardes
put
Rome
in
daunger
of
ruyne
,
&
vtter
ouerthowe
.
Alcibiades
vsed
the
like
practise
to
make
a
iarre
betweene
Duke
Tissaphernes
,
and
his
mayster
the
kinge
of
Persia.
Hanniball
wasted
and
spoyled
wheare
euer
he
went
in
Italye
,
sauinge
onelye
the
possessions
of
Fabius
vntouched
,
which
he
dyd
,
to
cause
the
Romaines
to
houlde
their
best
Captaine
suspected
.
Some
haue
vsed
to
the
same
ende
,
to
make
manye
priuate
conferences
with
the
Generall
of
the
enemyes
,
sending
sundry
letters
secretelye
,
&
sometime
presentes
,
working
also
that
some
suspitious
letter
,
of
an
imagined
conference
or
practise
betwene
them
,
may
come
to
the
Princes
handes
,
vnder
whom
such
Generall
is
deputed
.
By
these
meanes
,
haue
excellent
Captaynes
bene
displaced
,
warres
stayed
,
and
the
weaker
parte
in
the
meane
tyme
hathe
gathered
strength
.
Other
wayes
there
are
to
detracte
battaile
,
and
to
saue
an
armie
,
at
neede
,
from
the
greater
power
of
the
enemie
,
which
is
to
encampe
stronglie
within
some
trenche
or
lyke
place
,
or
else
to
bee
backed
with
some
fenne
,
maryshe
,
steepe
hyll
,
or
ryuer
,
so
that
the
enemye
haue
but
one
waye
vnto
them
:
and
that
beinge
the
streyghter
,
is
the
more
aduauntage
for
the
fewer
number
.
Fabius
vsed
this
waye
with
Hanniball
,
seekinge
and
endeuoutinge
daylie
for
th
auoydinge
of
dyuers
enconueniences
,
to
fighte
wyth
him
:
but
Fabius
encamped
alwayes
so
cunninglie
,
and
with
suche
aduauntages
for
the
fielde
,
that
the
other
without
great
daunger
coulde
not
deale
with
him
.
Marius
thus
encamped
at
the
mouthe
of
the
ryuer
Rhodanus
,
the
infinite
multitude
of
the
Duchemen
,
durst
not
inuade
him
,
till
hee
brought
foorth
his
armie
into
the
fieldes
.
But
two
other
wayes
there
are
,
more
certaine
to
bee
saufe
from
the
enemie
.
The
one
is
to
puruey
thy
campe
distant
at
the
leaste
a
dayes
iourneye
from
hym
,
remoouinge
alwayes
in
the
open
countrey
,
that
thou
bee
not
stayed
by
hilles
or
ryuers
&c
to
passe
vnto
the
sea
syde
,
or
suche
place
where
thou
desyrest
to
rest
thyne
armie
.
The
other
helpe
is
,
if
thou
bee
wylling
to
assaye
the
force
of
the
enemie
without
anie
great
losse
,
and
to
abyde
him
in
the
fielde
,
then
it
is
best
for
thee
to
keepe
thy selfe
neare
vnto
some
strong
towne
of
thine
owne
,
or
thy
frendes
,
where
thou
mayst
withdrawe
thine
armie
from
pursute
of
the
enemie
,
if
he
prooue
the
stronger
in
battaile
.
So
did
Eumenes
saufelie
retyre
into
the
Cytie
Nora
,
from
the
armie
of
Antigonus
.
It
is
good
to
prouyde
for
the
woorst
,
as
it
is
common
lie
saide
,
for
the
best
will
saue
it selfe
.
¶
Howe
to
conducte
an
armie
,
&
proceade
with
the
same
in
a
foreyne
countrey
,
&
of
the
necessaries
thereunto
.
Cap.
4.
IT
is
first
to
be
considered
,
that
armed
men
,
victualls
,
and
moneye
,
be
the
accidentes
inseperable
,
or
rather
the
substaunce
and
strengthe
of
warres
.
There
must
bee
prouyded
also
for
an
armie
,
store
of
Iron
,
and
staffe
tymber
,
to
make
weapons
of
all
sortes
,
with
sundrie
artificers
,
for
dyuers
purposes
,
powder
must
bee
had
with
plentie
,
carriages
,
and
cattaill
good
store
to
followe
the
campe
,
for
necessaryes
,
with
vtensyles
and
suche
like
.
And
if
an
armie
be
led
into
a
foreyne
countrey
,
there
must
be
the
greater
store
of
this
prouision
,
and
forage
also
to
bee
had
,
and
yet
maye
not
the
campe
bee
pestered
with
caryages
,
for
then
it
can
not
so
lightlie
remoue
,
as
occasions
maye
require
.
Also
when
souldiours
haue
muche
carriage
beinge
greatlie
enritched
with
spoyles
,
their
mindes
are
sometime
more
vppon
their
baggage
,
than
vpon
battaill
.
And
if
they
sende
often
of
the
same
into
their
countrey
,
their
hartes
be
also
at
home
.
Great
Alexander
therefore
seeinge
his
armie
one
time
,
so
laden
with
booties
and
pryses
,
he
burned
all
the
surplusage
of
the
carriages
whiche
myght
encumber
them
,
beinge
of
a
great
substance
.
But
a
more
politike
and
profitable
waye
it
weare
,
to
prouyde
to
haue
some
one
stronge
towne
or
twayne
,
where
the
warres
are
,
to
conuey
the
same
into
,
which
shal
bee
moreouer
a
maker
of
great
benefite
&
vse
,
daylie
vnto
the
armie
,
and
to
the
state
of
the
warres
dyuers
wayes
,
as
for
reliefe
of
suche
as
bee
hurte
from
time
to
time
,
also
to
receaue
suche
ayde
of
men
,
victualles
,
or
other
necessaries
,
as
shal
be
sent
from
home
,
to
keepe
the
same
till
it
maye
be
saufelie
conueyed
into
the
armie
,
and
not
surprysed
of
the
enemie
by
the
waye
.
Also
it
is
a
necessarie
place
,
to
soiourne
in
wynter
time
,
(
for
the
wynter
warres
be
more
noysome
&
tedious
then
profitable
)
or
to
withdrawe
into
,
when
the
armie
or
store
of
thinges
is
spent
,
or
worne
with
warres
there
,
it
is
a
good
restinge
place
till
supplie
be
had
of
their
wantes
.
And
if
the
same
be
neare
vnto
the
Sea
syde
,
and
towardes
home
,
It
is
farre
the
more
commodious
.
Nowe
the
waye
to
obtayne
and
wynne
suche
a
towne
or
herbour
the
more
easelie
,
is
in
the
begynninge
to
make
thyne
aryuall
so
dayne
,
and
in
a
place
vnlooked
for
,
that
the
enemye
maye
bee
surprysed
vnfurnyshed
.
And
it
is
not
best
to
spende
muche
of
thy
store
of
menne
or
pouysion
,
in
the
wynninge
of
manye
Townes
at
the
fyrste
.
For
fyue
battayles
haue
beene
fougheten
wyth
losse
of
fewer
menne
,
them
some
one
Cytye
is
wonne
withall
,
and
therefore
,
will
not
the
wise
Captayne
so
weaken
him selfe
,
before
the
great
necessitie
&
mayne
force
of
battayle
.
For
it
is
to
be
considered
withall
,
that
manie
townes
taken
,
requyre
manie
garrisons
to
bee
assigned
,
for
the
defence
and
keepinge
of
the
same
,
all
whiche
dismember
an
armie
and
put
it
downe
,
as
muche
as
anie
practise
of
the
enemie
against
the
same
maye
do
.
For
the
armie
is
the
assurance
of
warres
,
without
which
thou
canst
little
annoye
or
terrifie
the
enemie
,
nor
yet
longe
maintaine
or
defende
thy
walled
townes
from
hym
,
for
if
hee
possesse
the
countrey
with
his
men
,
hee
shall
cutt
of
tyllage
,
and
stoppe
all
trades
vnto
the
townes
,
by
whiche
they
onely
maye
liue
and
be
maintained
.
And
therefore
that
Prince
that
possesseth
stronge
townes
,
and
dareth
not
,
or
hath
not
power
to
keepe
the
fielde
,
and
defende
his
countrey
by
battaile
,
if
he
be
cunninglie
dealt
with
,
will
vndoubtedlie
prooue
a
pesant
.
And
therefore
the
knowledge
to
guyde
an
armie
into
the
fielde
,
and
to
order
&
make
battaile
with
skill
and
aduauntage
,
is
misteresse
of
all
dominion
and
victorye
,
for
thereunto
all
warres
maye
bee
brought
in
the
ende
.
And
in
passinge
foorth
with
his
armie
,
let
the
generall
auoide
streightes
,
obserue
good
orders
,
and
choose
his
grounde
and
wayes
commodious
as
he
goeth
.
Nowe
let
vs
see
,
whether
policie
counsayleth
,
as
soone
as
thou
arte
entered
into
the
enemies
countrey
,
and
that
he
will
offer
battaile
to
receaue
the
same
,
and
shortlie
to
trye
the
matter
?
Herein
I
am
not
of
opinion
,
that
it
is
generally
best
to
detracte
battail
,
except
there
be
some
aduantage
to
be
taken
and
vsed
in
ioygning
of
the
same
,
for
so
the
one
may
goe
about
the
other
longe
enoughe
to
little
purpose
.
But
other
circumstances
and
accidentes
are
to
be
considered
in
this
generaltie
.
For
commonlye
it
is
for
the
behoufe
of
him
,
whose
Countrey
is
inuaded
,
to
seke
battaile
for
auoydinge
spoyle
of
the
same
:
But
yet
it
is
to
be
considered
,
that
if
the
other
bee
like
shortely
to
be
wearied
,
or
be
neare
some
mischiefe
by
mutine
,
or
for
some
wantes
forced
to
forsake
the
countrey
,
&
that
it
shoulde
be
daungerous
to
deale
wyth
him
for
his
force
,
then
policye
perswadeth
to
protracte
battaile
on
that
parte
.
And
generallye
the
inuader
,
as
longe
as
he
proceadeth
with
spoyle
,
to
plage
the
enemy
,
&
to
enritche
himselfe
,
hath
not
necessity
to
hasten
battaile
,
but
maye
take
the
time
best
for
his
aduauntage
.
How
be
it
,
occasions
may
growe
on
,
otherwise
,
and
be
vrgent
vnto
him
to
ioygne
battaile
spedelye
,
as
by
encrease
of
ayde
comminge
towardes
the
enemie
,
or
casuall
empayring
of
his
owne
present
power
.
Moreouer
,
vnto
him
which
hath
manye
hyered
souldiers
,
it
is
more
requisite
to
make
hast
vnto
battaile
,
and
to
end
the
warres
,
as
well
for
the
great
charge
of
that
retinue
,
as
for
the
daylie
daunger
of
their
vnsure
seruice
,
and
doubt
of
reuoltinge
vnto
the
enemye
,
being
money
men
,
by
corruption
,
or
for
a
greater
paye
,
they
lightlie
leaue
their
mayster
in
his
greatest
neade
.
For
seldome
haue
theare
bene
greate
conquestes
made
by
force
of
hyred
menne
.
The
Romaynes
,
and
the
Grekes
,
warred
withe
their
owne
Souldiours
against
all
nations
.
Great
Pompeye
,
withe
the
natiue
people
of
Italie
,
ouercame
Mithridates
with
hys
huge
Armye
,
of
more
then
twentye
Nations
.
Of
later
tymes
,
the
estates
of
Italye
haue
bene
vsurped
and
ouerrunne
,
by
vsinge
the
helpe
of
hyred
Souldiours
.
And
the
Venetians
,
(
hauing
otherwise
moste
excellent
gouernement
,
and
plentyfull
prouisyon
of
all
thinges
,
both
for
peace
&
warre
)
but
for
thys
cause
onelye
,
had
growen
to
haue
greate
Empyre
.
This
Realme
of
Britayne
,
hath
sum
experience
of
these
hurtes
,
beinge
sumtime
oppressed
by
the
hyred
Saxons
,
vnder
Hengistus
.
But
nowe
to
trie
the
truste
,
and
faithe
of
hired
Souldiours
before
their
infidelitie
,
or
defection
maye
greatlie
hurte
:
It
is
good
before
thy
greate
neade
,
and
daye
of
battaile
,
to
sende
them
foorthe
wythe
a
feawe
of
thyne
owne
approued
men
,
to
sum
exploite
,
supposed
to
bee
of
greate
importaunce
,
and
to
plante
priuelie
by
the
waye
,
or
to
sende
after
them
a
sufficient
number
of
trustye
Souldiours
,
to
doe
the
same
feate
,
if
the
other
shoulde
bee
false
,
or
faile
in
the
same
.
Also
it
is
policye
for
the
same
purpose
,
to
conferre
with
the
Captaynes
of
them
that
are
suspected
of
suche
matters
as
thou
entendest
not
to
doe
but
in
shewe
,
to
see
if
they
wyll
keape
the
same
secrete
,
or
geue
priuye
aduertysement
theareof
vnto
the
Enemye
.
The
like
proofe
is
made
by
delyuering
to
the
leader
of
them
,
letters
sealed
,
pretending
great
wayght
,
and
purportinge
little
,
to
bee
sent
foorthe
to
sum
friende
,
to
see
whether
the
same
should
be
opened
or
not
saufelye
conueyed
in
tyme
.
¶
Whether
it
be
more
profitable
,
to
seeke
the
great
Towne
,
or
the
lesse
,
and
how
best
to
wynne
the
same
.
Cap.
5.
NOw
is
it
further
to
bee
knowen
,
for
takinge
of
houldes
within
the
enemies
dominion
,
that
the
larger
be
rather
to
be
sought
for
,
than
the
lesse
.
And
thearefore
the
Citie
which
is
of
greatest
trade
to
enriche
the
enemie
,
or
such
large
towne
as
is
so
scituate
,
that
it
may
most
annoye
him
,
if
thou
be
able
to
furnishe
the
same
with
garrisons
,
is
most
auaylable
for
diuers
causes
.
Alcibiades
,
the
excellent
Captaine
,
entrynge
Sicilia
to
make
warres
theare
,
first
tooke
the
greate
Citye
Rhegium
,
&
nexte
besyeged
Catina
,
not
farre
from
Syracuse
,
the
chiefe
Citye
of
the
Realme
.
Scipio
began
hys
warres
in
Spayne
,
withe
the
syege
of
newe
Carthage
,
the
principall
citie
there
both
of
trade
&
power
:
And
in
like
sorte
inuadyng
Afrique
,
he
foorthwith
layde
syege
vnto
Vtica
,
a
famous
citie
,
standing
on
the
sea
side
,
wheare
he
also
harboured
and
kept
his
shippes
,
so
that
he
might
cut
of
all
ayde
&
succoure
,
both
by
lande
&
sea
from
the
towne
.
Now
for
the
maner
of
subduing
holdes
,
it
is
to
be
agreed
,
that
the
best
waye
of
wynning
,
is
that
,
whych
is
with
moste
speade
,
&
leaste
losse
.
And
thearefore
,
if
a
Towne
maye
not
be
surprised
and
taken
by
sum
trayne
or
policie
,
it
is
lesse
daunger
to
inuade
and
force
the
enemye
,
by
famine
,
then
with
the
swearde
.
How
Zopyrus
suttlelie
caughte
the
Babiloniens
(
fayninge
him selfe
fledde
from
his
Prince
,
for
crueltie
shewed
vnto
him
,
and
being
of
them
vnder
fayned
friendshipe
receaued
,
betrayed
their
Citie
,
)
the
maner
theareof
is
declared
at
large
,
in
the
first
booke
.
This
shift
also
hath
bene
vsed
,
when
a
Captayne
had
vnderstandynge
of
ayde
looked
for
by
the
besyeged
,
he
hath
apparelled
a
troupe
of
his
owne
souldyours
,
vnder
the
ensigne
of
those
whiche
shoulde
come
vnto
them
,
and
so
to
haue
taken
the
Towne
.
Cimon
of
Athens
,
besieginge
a
Towne
,
by
nighte
sett
fire
on
a
temple
in
the
suburbes
of
the
same
whearefore
sum
of
the
Townes
men
rashelie
runninge
out
to
succour
it
,
the
enemie
entered
in
vpon
them
.
Also
the
besieged
are
more
easelie
enduced
to
yelde
,
by
signifiynge
vnto
them
,
sum
great
victorie
latelye
hadde
against
their
Prince
,
or
other
streightes
that
he
is
brought
into
.
Sum̄
haue
practised
to
haue
friendes
within
a
towne
,
to
perswade
them
,
to
issue
out
vpon
the
enemie
,
or
to
doe
sum
other
acte
vnto
their
owne
ouerthrowe
.
And
such
persons
haue
geuen
intelligence
by
letters
fastened
to
arrowes
,
and
shote
foorthe
vnto
the
enemies
,
of
the
state
and
dealinges
within
the
Towne
,
as
of
the
weakest
parte
theareof
or
least
defended
,
of
the
custome
of
the
watche
,
when
and
howe
they
maye
be
deceaued
,
that
the
enemie
maye
enter
vpon
them
vnware
.
The
Frenchmen
corrupted
Tarpeia
a
mayden
,
to
lett
them
in
,
by
a
little
posterne
doore
into
the
Capitall
of
Roome
.
But
in
this
case
,
diligent
examination
must
be
made
by
captaines
,
for
double
dealinge
,
that
they
be
not
abused
in
their
practises
,
the
same
beinge
disclosed
vnto
the
enemie
:
which
hath
sometime
suffered
parte
of
the
aduersaries
power
,
to
enter
within
his
houlde
to
their
destruction
,
hauinge
prepared
,
sodainlie
to
repulse
and
shutt
out
the
rest
.
For
the
takinge
of
a
stronge
towne
by
famine
,
it
is
a
good
waye
to
winne
sum
weaker-nighe
,
&
to
tourne
out
the
inhabitauntes
thereof
,
that
they
may
be
receaued
into
the
other
,
&
so
their
victualls
,
the
soner
consumed
.
Fabius
suffered
them
of
a
towne
,
whom
he
woulde
besiege
,
to
sowe
their
fieldes
,
to
the
entent
that
they
shoulde
haue
the
lesse
corne
in
store
.
Sometime
,
townes
besieged
haue
desired
a
parle
or
truce
for
a
time
,
to
the
ende
that
the
siege
not
beinge
straightlie
kept
,
they
might
in
the
meane
time
receaue
in
,
ayde
of
men
or
victuals
.
And
therefore
the
siege
ought
not
to
be
slacked
by
suche
pretence
,
but
good
watche
to
be
alwaies
abrode
.
For
it
hath
chaunced
that
an
army
lying
at
the
siege
of
a
towne
,
hath
ben
on
the
sodaine
inuaded
of
enemies
at
the
backe
,
&
withall
they
of
the
towne
haue
issued
foorth
vpon
them
,
to
their
ouerthrowe
.
It
must
be
alwaies
holden
of
the
good
captaine
as
a
principall
grounde
,
that
hee
haue
diligent
espyall
of
the
enemies
doynges
,
&
keepe
his
owne
secrete
.
And
therefore
hee
consulteth
,
and
conferreth
with
manie
,
what
is
best
to
be
done
:
but
that
which
he
determineth
to
doe
,
hee
reuealeth
to
fewe
or
none
.
Hee
must
also
haue
regarde
,
that
his
custome
or
certaine
order
vsed
in
some
doinges
,
disclose
not
anie
of
his
purposes
vn
to
the
enemie
,
and
therefore
the
same
must
bee
often
varied
and
chaunged
.
It
is
good
also
to
encampe
in
suche
place
as
the
enemie
see
not
what
is
done
within
the
campe
.
For
if
he
perceaue
that
thou
receaue
in
,
anie
ayde
or
encrease
of
power
,
or
sende
foorth
anie
troupe
to
anie
attempte
or
exploycte
,
he
armeth
him selfe
and
prouideth
accordinglie
.
For
as
sodaine
daungers
be
more
dreadful
:
so
a
man
warned
before
,
is
saide
to
be
armed
.
¶
Howe
the
excellent
Captaynes
haue
encouraged
their
souldiers
vnto
battail
,
&
made
them
hardie
&
valiant
in
fight
.
Ca.
6.
IT
is
to
be
carefullie
considered
of
the
captaine
,
that
his
souldiers
be
not
afrayde
when
he
goeth
to
battaill
,
but
that
they
maye
valiauntlie
desire
to
encounter
the
enemie
.
And
therefore
such
meanes
,
as
maye
remooue
from
them
doubte
or
distruste
,
and
put
into
them
courage
and
hope
,
are
expedient
for
him
to
finde
.
As
for
the
purpose
,
some
people
doe
stumble
muche
at
sygnes
or
tokens
which
fall
before
battaill
,
coniecturinge
there
by
the
determination
of
God
,
and
euente
or
successe
of
the
battaile
.
wherefore
the
wyse
captayne
will
chearefullye
expounde
all
suche
chaunces
for
hys
aduauntage
,
as
if
an
auncient
happen
to
fall
,
vppon
the
Captaines
head
,
before
the
battaill
,
he
sayeth
,
the
same
is
a
happie
sygne
of
the
victorye
fallinge
vnto
him
.
For
they
which
haue
the
substance
of
vertue
,
are
not
to
bee
feared
by
the
shadowe
of
coniectures
.
It
is
written
of
Scipio
,
that
at
his
landing
in
Affryque
,
his
feete
slipped
,
so
that
he
fell
downe
to
the
grounde
,
where
at
,
when
hee
sawe
diuers
of
his
armie
dismayed
,
he
laughed
sayinge
,
all
is
our
owne
,
I
haue
heare
taken
possession
of
the
lande
.
Other
haue
vsyd
by
some
fayned
dreame
or
olde
prophecy
,
to
put
their
souldiours
in
firme
hope
&
expectation
of
victorye
.
Marius
,
when
he
was
to
deale
with
the
Dutchmen
,
an
enemie
not
accustomed
vnto
the
Romaines
,
beynge
tall
bigge
men
of
person
,
they
were
not
in
cleane
&
quiet
conscience
with
the
matter
,
but
somewhat
afrayde
,
whiche
Marius
perceauinge
,
sayde
,
those
longe
bodies
shewe
a
sure
signe
,
that
they
be
slowe
,
&
lasye
lowtes
,
&
so
stayed
the
battaill
some
dayes
,
why
lest
that
the
Romaynes
by
custome
of
often
syght
,
&
some
skirmishes
had
with
them
,
were
established
in
stomacke
,
&
desired
to
fight
with
them
.
It
is
written
of
a
captaine
,
when
his
armie
was
in
the
fielde
ready
to
ioygne
battail
,
some
of
the
formost
ranke
beinge
afrayde
seeinge
the
braue
marching
of
the
enemies
,
he
extended
&
helde
his
cloke
before
their
faces
,
sayinge
,
nowe
you
see
nothing
to
feare
,
you
are
saufe
,
by
that
meanes
reprouing
them
,
not
to
dreade
beefore
there
was
cause
.
Alexander
the
great
,
when
he
was
in
the
fielde
with
his
plaine
souldiours
in
his
first
warres
,
manie
of
them
beeinge
poore
fellowes
,
hauinge
woodden
shyeldes
,
and
olde
weapons
vsed
before
in
his
father
Phillip
his
warres
,
whiche
seeinge
the
huge
hoste
of
Darius
his
enemie
,
with
the
brauerie
of
the
people
,
their
armure
and
all
thinges
glisteringe
,
and
gorgeous
,
the
noyse
of
a
multitude
of
charyottes
and
horses
also
beinge
terrible
vnto
them
,
he
saide
to
his
men
,
our
enemies
are
come
to
make
a
shewe
or
maske
,
&
therefore
we
must
make
them
daunce
&
runne
also
.
See
you
those
golden
armures
,
gaye
weapons
,
and
goodlie
geare
,
it
is
better
to
haue
woodden
shyeldes
then
woodden
men
to
beare
them
,
the
spoyle
of
this
glorious
hoste
will
make
you
riche
&
gallant
fellowes
,
for
all
that
you
see
is
yours
,
if
you
playe
the
men
,
and
whatsouer
kinge
It
is
written
that
Hanniball
shoulde
vse
the
same
speache
to
kinge
Antiochus
,
leadinge
his
galant
armye
against
the
Romaines
.
Darius
hath
besides
.
Also
thinke
you
,
that
thys
dayes
battaile
,
maye
geeue
vs
the
dominion
&
seigniourie
ouer
all
the
worlde
.
For
who
can
withstand
vs
,
if
we
conquere
the
great
kinge
Darius
,
the
fame
of
whiche
victorie
will
moste
swyftlie
flye
into
Graecia
,
and
to
the
moste
hyghe
honour
of
your
countrey
all
Prynces
&
nations
shall
knowe
the
manhoode
and
prowesse
of
the
Macaedoniens
,
and
where
soeuer
you
goe
,
the
fame
thereof
shall
followe
you
.
Nowesyth
that
hyther
wee
are
come
foorthe
to
wynne
honoure
,
lett
not
our
longe
trauayles
bee
frustrate
or
fruitelesse
,
and
wee
to
runne
home
deluded
,
and
laden
wyth
shame
.
Our
countrey
shall
then
wyth
dysdayne
behoulde
you
,
remembringe
howe
your
auncestours
vnder
my
father
,
by
force
euen
on
their
shoulders
,
lifted
vp
the
dominion
thereof
ouer
diuers
nations
,
&
your selues
hunted
&
chased
home
,
shal
be
ashamed
to
see
your
frindes
.
And
thearefore
if
we
bee
here
repulsed
,
wheare
shall
wee
without
reproche
bee
receaued
.
So
that
to
rest
vpon
,
wee
haue
but
two
wayes
,
wheare
of
we
must
determine
to
take
one
:
that
is
either
to
wynne
the
victorie
,
or
to
dye
heare
with
honour
.
By
these
perswasions
,
(
wheare
as
Darius
thought
by
his
great
pompe
,
&
trayne
of
men
to
haue
daunted
&
dismayed
the
enemie
:
)
Alexander
turned
the
same
to
be
a
great
encouragement
vnto
his
armye
.
Furthermore
,
if
the
souldiour
be
afrayde
,
by
store
of
terrible
ordinaunce
,
straunge
engins
,
or
daungerous
deuyses
of
the
enemie
,
the
same
must
be
by
like
inuention
,
&
industrie
preuented
or
encountred
,
as
by
setling
sum
ambush
priuelie
to
surprise
the
same
,
or
by
settinge
on
sum
bande
of
horsemen
,
to
interrupte
the
plantinge
theareof
,
or
to
make
sum
like
exployte
as
noysome
vnto
the
enemie
,
that
the
battaile
may
come
on
before
the
same
can
take
effecte
to
doe
anye
great
hurt
.
Thus
,
must
the
politique
captaine
make
readie
,
an
Oliuer
for
a
roulande
,
to
remoue
all
stumblinge
blockes
and
impedimentes
,
from
the
good
courage
of
the
Souldiour
,
so
that
without
stickinge
,
most
valiauntlie
he
maye
marche
to
assaile
the
enemie
.
Iulius
Caesar
excelled
other
,
for
trayninge
,
and
makinge
valiaunt
&
noble
minded
souldiours
by
notable
examples
,
politike
instructions
,
and
practises
which
he
vsed
to
enduce
them
thereunto
,
and
to
aduaunce
their
courages
to
attempte
and
atchyeue
moste
highe
and
honorable
thinges
.
And
with
all
he
shewed
such
courtesie
and
good
affection
towardes
them
,
that
neuer
any
man
had
souldiours
of
greater
endeuour
and
valure
,
or
more
faithfull
towardes
their
Captayne
.
As
it
appeared
a
little
before
the
great
and
finall
battayle
,
betwene
him
and
Pompeye
,
when
his
armie
was
in
such
necessitye
of
victualles
,
that
they
hadde
no
foode
,
but
onelie
of
mylke
and
rootes
,
as
they
coulde
mingle
the
same
.
Yet
made
they
daylye
skirmishes
withe
the
contrarie
parte
,
and
eftsoones
preuayled
thearein
.
An other
tyme
a
shippe
of
Caesars
souldiours
,
beeinge
taken
by
a
gouernour
vnder
Pompeye
,
which
promised
vnto
one
of
them
for
the
good
reporte
whiche
hee
had
of
his
manhode
;
that
he
should
haue
pardone
,
and
be
receaued
to
serue
Pompeye
:
he
aunswered
that
Caesars
Souldiours
vsed
to
geue
life
and
libertie
vnto
other
,
and
not
to
receaue
the
same
of
almes
,
or
to
sell
their
Captayne
for
crauenous
feare
.
And
so
resisting
to
be
apprehended
,
after
that
hee
had
slayne
diuers
of
his
enemyes
,
hee
leaped
into
a
riuer
,
and
escaped
by
swimming
.
The
souldiours
of
Caesar
also
sustayning
so
constantlie
,
the
greate
and
continuall
battailles
in
Fraunce
and
Germanye
,
withe
terrible
trauayles
ouer
mountaynes
,
and
harde
passage
of
ryuers
and
floodes
,
in
the
percyng
coulde
,
and
sharpe
stormes
of
winter
,
shewed
their
inuincible
courage
,
&
good
will
to
follow
their
Captayne
.
¶
How
to
vse
victorye
,
and
what
clemencye
is
to
be
vsed
towardes
the
conquered
,
and
of
the
hurte
which
commeth
by
securitye
.
Cap.
7.
AFter
a
victorye
obtayned
,
howe
to
pursue
the
same
,
&
to
deale
with
the
enemye
,
two
thinges
are
to
be
considered
,
one
is
,
the
enemye
being
subdued
,
and
all
setled
and
confirmed
in
quyet
,
that
tyrannie
bee
not
shewed
,
but
reasonable
lawes
,
orders
,
and
conditions
established
vnto
the
con
quered
:
The
other
is
,
that
theare
bee
no
slacknes
or
negligence
vsed
,
vntill
the
victorye
bee
perfecte
,
and
accomplyshed
in
euerye
parte
,
daungers
fledde
farre
awaye
,
the
force
of
the
Enemye
broken
downe
and
suppressed
.
For
by
securitye
,
these
myschiefes
haue
growen
,
that
after
manye
battayles
withe
greate
honour
,
and
prowesse
foughten
,
infinyte
trauayles
sustayned
,
and
sundrye
Realmes
subdued
,
one
dayes
careles
securitye
and
vndiscrete
dysorder
,
hathe
subuerted
all
,
turnynge
the
state
of
Conquerours
into
captiuitye
.
As
the
Carthaginoys
,
hauynge
slayne
the
two
Scipioes
in
Spayne
,
and
wythe
greate
ruyne
repulsed
and
pulled
downe
the
Romayne
power
,
not
regarding
those
that
remayned
theareof
dispersed
,
they
weare
by
the
relycques
of
the
same
armie
(
gathered
together
vnder
Lucius
Martius
)
ouerthrowen
.
Brennus
&
Belinus
before
mencioned
,
beeinge
enryched
by
the
plentifull
spoiles
of
Italie
,
and
sacke
of
Rome
,
as
they
retourned
in
securitie
and
disorder
,
weare
on
the
sodaine
inuaded
by
Camillus
,
withe
a
feawe
of
the
people
before
conquered
,
and
the
victorie
being
wrested
againe
out
of
their
handes
,
they
weare
cleane
bereft
the
fruites
of
their
former
conquest
.
The
redoubted
Cyrus
,
beinge
the
verye
example
of
great
Alexanders
noble
courage
,
when
he
had
by
martiall
prowesse
obtayned
the
mightie
estate
of
Persia
,
and
subdued
diuers
kingdomes
,
afterwardes
inuadinge
Scythia
,
wheare
he
had
a
great
victorye
against
that
fierce
nation
,
by
this
policye
fayning
when
he
was
entred
within
the
Countrey
,
that
he
repented
of
his
attempte
,
and
makinge
a
shewe
of
hastie
fliynge
,
lefte
his
tentes
stored
withe
good
wynes
,
and
delicate
cheare
,
which
the
barbarous
people
pursuing
after
,
so
plyed
and
typled
square
,
that
tomblinge
together
at
night
surcharged
with
wyne
,
and
heauie
of
sleape
,
Cyrus
not
farre
with
drawen
,
came
vpon
them
,
and
slewe
them
euerye
mothers
sonne
:
After
which
victorie
,
Thomyris
Queene
of
the
lande
,
not
discomforted
womanlike
,
(
as
Cyrus
thought
,
reckoning
to
rashely
with
a
shrewde
hostis
)
but
purposing
&
preparing
a
reuenge
,
by
like
crafte
to
acquite
him
,
&
ouer
reache
him
in
his
owne
arte
,
she
fled
farre
within
the
countrey
,
fayninge
feare
,
but
meaninge
mischiefe
,
to
trayne
the
enemie
followinge
in
disorder
,
&
roominge
at
random
into
streigtes
,
where
she
had
priuelye
planted
ambushes
on
the
hilles
on
euery
side
,
which
sodainlye
inuadinge
Cyrus
and
his
hoste
,
slewe
them
all
,
so
that
of
two
hundred
thousande
men
,
there
escaped
not
one
,
to
make
reporte
of
the
battaill
.
Marcus
Antonius
,
after
manie
most
famous
victories
restinge
in
Egipt
out
of
tyme
,
regarded
not
the
daungers
at
Roome
,
whiche
seemed
so
farre
of
remooued
from
him
,
but
soone
they
came
on
him
,
whyle
he
snorted
in
carelesse
securitie
to
his
vtter
ouerthrowe
.
He
that
will
goe
drye
,
must
carrye
a
cloke
for
feare
of
the
cloude
,
which
sheweth
from
a
farre
.
I
will
not
waste
tyme
,
to
declare
the
further
mischiefes
&
destructyons
chaunced
thoroughe
rashe
and
ouerhastie
reckoninge
of
vnrype
victorie
,
and
vnsure
saufetye
.
These
maye
suffyce
to
warne
him
,
which
maye
assure
him selfe
by
good
order
,
in
armes
and
battaill
to
be
saufe
,
&
of
power
inuincible
,
that
by
rashnes
,
for
lacke
of
guyde
and
circumspect
foresyght
,
hee
tumble
not
vpon
the
enemies
swerde
.
After
one
victorie
had
,
foorth
with
the
enemie
must
bee
orderlie
pursued
,
and
not
suffered
by
rest
to
renue
his
faintinge
force
,
but
when
he
staggereth
,
stryke
on
still
till
he
be
downe
,
and
his
power
fast
shutt
vp
.
Then
the
warres
beinge
thoroughlie
ended
,
&
the
captiue
liuinge
vnder
the
lawe
,
&
rule
of
the
conquerour
,
his
honour
is
muche
encreased
by
shewinge
of
clemencie
,
&
shunninge
of
hatefull
crueltye
.
For
,
that
humanitie
requireth
,
&
this
,
christianitye
See
Deut.
20.
commaundeth
to
doe
.
Sum̄
haue
vsed
their
conquestes
ouer
suche
as
haue
yelded
vnto
their
dominion
,
that
sauinge
onelie
the
chaunge
of
their
prince
or
gouernour
,
they
haue
suffered
no
alteration
of
lawes
,
libertie
,
estate
or
degree
.
The
Romaines
vsed
to
appoint
deputies
&
gouernours
,
with
competent
garrisons
,
vnto
the
landes
conquered
,
taxinge
them
with
a
meane
tribute
,
and
takinge
hostages
for
the
same
:
so
they
retourned
,
&
left
them
quiet
.
The
noble
courtesie
,
which
great
Alexander
vsed
towardes
the
captyue
wyfe
and
daughters
of
Darius
,
enlarged
&
spred
abrode
his
honour
,
to
the
furtherance
of
his
conquestes
following
.
What
a
preparatiue
was
made
vnto
Scipio
his
good
successe
,
what
a
foundation
towardes
the
proceadinge
of
his
warrelike
affaires
,
by
his
honourable
vsinge
of
prince
Luceius
his
wife
,
&
lyberalitie
vsed
towardes
Masinissaes
nephewe
,
the
great
and
continuall
seruice
of
those
princes
afterwardes
in
his
warres
,
as
before
is
recyted
,
sheweth
.
And
whatsoeuer
lawes
,
fraunchyse
or
grauntes
,
the
generalls
of
armies
haue
establyshed
&
made
vnto
the
conquered
,
the
princes
and
estates
,
vnder
whom
they
were
deputed
&
ordayned
,
haue
alwaies
ratified
&
inuiolablye
obserued
and
allowed
the
same
compositions
.
¶
Of
the
beginninge
,
&
iust
cause
of
warres
.
Cap.
8.
FOr
that
the
iust
quarell
encouragethe
,
and
commenlye
bryngethe
prosperous
successe
:
it
is
to
bee
consydered
,
what
maye
bee
a
good
grounde
and
cause
to
vse
weapons
,
and
begynne
warres
,
by
the
lawe
of
nature
,
Iustice
,
and
pryncipallie
by
the
lawe
of
God
:
whiche
ought
to
bee
the
foundation
and
rule
of
all
our
doynges
,
of
whom
wee
ought
to
take
all
our
begynninges
,
by
whom
affayres
prosperouslye
proceade
,
and
happelye
ende
,
without
whom
nothinge
encreasethe
or
groweth
to
anie
good
effecte
.
That
warres
may
bee
iustlye
made
,
and
howe
diuers
good
menne
haue
attempted
and
vsed
the
same
,
we
reade
in
the
holye
booke
:
Almightie
God
hath
stirred
vp
dyuers
as
well
Prynces
,
as
priuate
menne
,
or
commen
persons
to
take
armes
,
and
vse
force
agaynst
the
wicked
.
The
children
of
Israell
vnder
Iosua
,
by
Iosua
.
the
commaundement
&
leadinge
of
God
,
conquered
the
Cananites
,
expelled
the
miscreaunt
and
idolotrous
nations
,
and
possessed
their
landes
.
Saul
,
&
Sampson
were
raysed
by
him
,
to
plague
the
Philistynes
with
battaile
.
The
Assyriens
,
were
King
Saul
.
Sampson
.
brought
by
hym
into
Iudea
,
for
the
captiuitye
of
the
people
,
when
they
ranne
at
ryot
,
and
left
to
serue
the
true
God
,
whyche
moste
meruaylouslye
had
shewen
hys
power
,
and
moste
tenderlye
his
loue
vnto
them
.
Iudas
Machabeus
also
,
and
Iudas
Mach.
Gedeon
,
were
leaders
of
the
Israelytes
against
the
enemies
of
God
by
his
ordinaunces
,
by
which
also
,
Gedeon
.
Iehu
,
was
mooued
to
make
warres
for
the
destruction
Iehu
.
of
the
house
of
Ahab
.
And
who
sent
Titus
from
Rome
,
to
enuiron
Hierusalem
,
with
the
most
dreadfull
and
fatall
siege
,
the
ende
&
ruyne
where
Titus
sonne
of
th
emperour
Vespatien
.
of
,
was
foretoulde
by
the
mouth
of
the
Almightie
.
But
for
our
purpose
,
to
shewe
howe
there
maye
be
iust
cause
to
leuie
and
prosecute
warres
,
&
to
dyscerne
of
right
herein
,
we
are
to
serch
for
the
roote
&
originall
thereof
.
The
worlde
,
God
created
&
gaue
vnto
the
sonnes
of
men
,
&
this
condition
,
the
geeuer
most
iustlie
annexed
,
this
he
enioyned
with
all
,
that
no
man
shoulde
couet
,
that
whiche
to
an
other
belongeth
,
and
that
to
euery
man
belongeth
,
which
he
without
wrong
enioyeth
.
For
in
the
beginninge
,
when
there
was
no
auncient
tytles
to
be
made
to
landes
,
or
lordship
:
possession
caused
good
right
,
this
is
the
lawe
of
nature
and
equalitie
,
&
it
is
also
in
the
ciuill
lawe
allowed
,
that
those
thinges
wherein
no
man
hath
propertie
or
interest
,
are
his
,
which
first
possesseth
them
,
which
he
maye
lawfullie
houlde
,
&
therefore
ought
not
by
force
to
be
dispossessed
of
the
same
.
Muche
lesse
,
where
possession
is
planted
,
and
setled
vppon
auncyent
ryght
,
or
grounded
on
other
good
tytle
.
A
later
lawe
there
is
,
of
the
most
highe
God
generallie
geuen
,
which
endureth
the
iustice
of
the
first
lawe
,
that
euerie
man
shoulde
doe
so
,
as
hee
woulde
bee
done
vnto
.
And
this
is
the
iust
measure
,
the
direct
rule
,
&
certaine
boundes
betwene
righte
&
wrong
,
which
beeinge
considered
,
we
shall
knowe
how
to
vse
warres
,
and
to
dyrecte
all
our
doynges
well
.
Now
lett
vs
runne
as
farre
as
wee
maye
,
into
the
course
of
antiquitie
,
to
serche
the
first
beginninges
and
causes
of
warres
,
that
wee
may
conferre
them
with
the
euentes
and
successe
theareof
,
for
the
better
knowledge
and
iudgement
herein
.
We
finde
,
that
Cain
the
eldest
sonne
of
Adam
,
in
the
firste
Cain
.
time
of
the
worlde
liued
so
long
,
that
diuers
landes
in
the
East
partes
beyng
peopled
,
he
buylded
a
city
for
feare
of
his
enemies
,
knowinge
iuste
cause
giuen
by
him
to
be
odious
vnto
men
,
for
the
vnnaturall
parricy
de
and
murder
of
his
brother
.
For
at
that
time
,
Iaball
the
sonne
of
Lamech
,
was
growen
Iaball
.
mightie
,
and
excercised
armes
against
such
as
vsed
vniust
violence
or
oppression
.
Tubalcain
was
then
Thubalcain
.
the
first
that
wrought
on
Iron
,
&
forged
weapons
for
that
purpose
.
For
as
yet
,
theare
was
no
kyngdome
established
,
nor
countrey
by
conquest
subdued
,
the
pompe
of
Princes
was
not
knowen
,
men
desired
not
then
,
soueraintie
ouer
estates
,
but
prepared
by
armes
to
shilde
their
owne
,
in
saufetie
,
when
they
had
no
lawe
to
defende
them
.
This
beginninge
of
warres
was
made
,
in
the
first
age
,
and
no
more
we
reade
of
,
till
after
the
floode
:
when
the
three
sonnes
of
Noah
,
with
their
manifolde
issue
multiplyed
,
possessed
the
sundrye
regions
of
Semin
Asia
.
Cam
in
Afrique
.
Iaphet
in
Europe
.
Thuball
.
the
worlde
.
Sem
setled
in
Asia
,
Cam
came
into
Afrique
,
and
Iaphet
inhabited
Europe
,
whose
ofspring
shortlie
spred
abrode
into
the
sudry
partes
,
regions
&
prouinces
of
the
same
.
Then
waxed
Thuball
the
sonne
of
Iaphet
,
mightie
in
power
,
and
bare
rule
aboue
the
rest
.
This
man
renued
againe
the
vse
of
weapons
.
Soone
after
,
Nimrod
began
&
aduaunced
Nimrod
.
the
firste
kingdome
ouer
Chaldea
,
wheare
he
buylt
the
citie
Babell
,
subduinge
people
&
Countreies
,
by
oppression
and
oultrage
of
warres
,
vnder
his
dominion
.
And
thearefore
the
same
violent
Empire
,
lasted
not
longe
,
but
it
shortlye
sonke
,
&
was
drowned
in
the
great
estate
,
which
Assur
raysed
in
assirya
,
the
lande
yet
now
bearinge
his
name
.
Assur
.
He
buylt
the
Citye
Niniue
,
Rezen
,
&
others
,
by
iust
conquestes
,
amplifiynge
his
seigniorie
.
After
him
succeaded
Ninus
,
in
the
time
of
the
patriarke
Abraham
,
whiche
enuironned
Babilon
withe
a
stronge
wall
,
and
muche
beawtified
the
Citie
,
as
the
chiefe
seate
of
his
estate
.
Hee
subdued
the
Bactriens
,
and
other
nations
,
makinge
vnto
him selfe
a
mightie
Monarchye
aboue
other
Kinges
,
by
honourable
,
&
not
iniurious
warres
,
as
it
may
appeare
by
the
continuaunce
of
thys
Empyre
,
whiche
remained
amonge
the
Assiryens
,
aboue
1300.
yeares
,
vntill
the
raigne
of
Sardanapalus
,
Sardanapalus
.
whose
estate
thoroughe
his
beastlike
lasciuyous
life
,
was
taken
from
him
by
Arbactus
,
a
Prince
of
the
Medes
.
Abraham
him selfe
made
warres
with
Arbactus
.
Abraham
.
the
kinge
of
Sodome
,
and
fower
other
Princes
,
vsinge
at
that
time
good
order
and
policye
in
his
battaile
.
And
thearefore
they
that
affirme
Ninus
,
Mars
,
or
Hercules
,
to
bee
the
beginners
,
Ninus
.
Mars
.
Hercules
.
and
firste
vsers
of
warres
,
and
order
of
battaile
,
are
not
learned
in
reading
,
for
that
theare
is
large
proofe
of
those
before
alleaged
.
And
as
for
Mars
,
he
was
the
sonne
of
Saturne
,
whiche
was
kinge
of
Crete
,
at
that
time
when
Ianus
raygned
in
Italye
,
and
that
was
about
the
time
of
Mofes
.
And
Hercules
of
Thebes
,
lyued
after
that
,
in
the
time
of
Saull
king
of
Iudea
,
or
a
little
before
by
sum
writers
,
which
was
soone
after
the
buylding
of
Troye
.
Mars
made
warre
of
ambition
,
and
lordlye
minde
to
rule
:
But
Hercules
,
the
patron
of
Iustice
,
and
champion
of
noble
prowesse
,
thrust
him selfe
into
all
daungers
of
battaile
,
to
redresse
iniuries
,
represse
rapyne
,
&
oppression
,
to
roote
out
tirantes
,
to
maintayne
&
defende
right
,
to
spred
the
valyle
of
prosperous
peace
,
and
wished
saufe
securitye
ouer
the
worlde
,
to
shewe
example
of
most
hyghe
vertue
and
valure
,
punishinge
robbers
,
and
purginge
countryes
of
mischeuous
malefactours
,
and
v
le
persons
.
For
whiche
his
ryghteous
affection
,
and
iust
minde
,
as
of
deuyne
vertue
proceadinge
,
he
was
after
hys
deathe
honoured
and
holden
as
a
God
.
Romulus
,
to
erecte
a
famous
Citie
,
and
establishe
Romulus
.
an
happye
estate
withe
excellent
lawes
,
orders
,
and
gouernement
,
called
people
together
,
and
made
warres
for
the
compassinge
,
and
encreasinge
thereof
.
So
dyd
the
auncient
kinge
Belus
of
Assiria
,
and
Phoroneus
in
Grecia
,
subdue
Belus
.
Phoroneus
.
people
to
good
order
and
conuenient
course
of
lyfe
,
geuinge
vnto
them
lawes
for
their
publique
benefite
and
behoufe
.
In
like
sorte
Ianus
Ianus
.
Licurgus
.
before
recyted
,
and
Licurgus
in
Lacedaemon
,
reduced
menne
from
idlenes
,
and
leude
lasye
lyfe
,
vnto
good
trades
,
ciuilitye
and
practyse
of
vertue
,
for
none
other
cause
desirynge
soueraigntye
,
but
for
the
good
state
and
profytte
of
the
people
.
To
thys
ende
Minerua
,
Cecrops
,
Minerua
.
Cecrops
.
Cadmus
.
&
Cadmus
vsed
armes
in
their
times
before
,
(
seeing
men
to
liue
in
diforder
without
gouernment
,
neither
comfortably
to
them selues
,
nor
commodiouslye
one
for
an
other
,
)
they
extended
their
power
&
dominion
ouer
them
,
to
refourme
them
into
an
happie
&
ciuill
sorte
of
life
.
And
diuers
nations
haue
willinglie
submitted
&
put
them selues
vnder
the
rule
&
scepter
of
such
,
as
they
perceaued
to
be
wise
,
wel
disposed
,
&
carefull
of
the
weale
of
a
multitude
,
to
be
a
patron
,
&
a
refuge
,
by
their
wisedome
&
experience
vnto
them
,
in
their
troubles
&
neades
.
Thus
Plato
.
Magistratus
excellens
.
Pastor
populi
.
seeing
that
inuasion
in
sum
cases
is
tollerable
,
yelding
sufficient
matter
,
for
noble
courages
to
worke
vpon
,
so
that
prowesse
shal
neuer
be
so
shut
vp
,
but
it
may
haue
a
commendable
course
,
if
theare
be
a
regarde
to
the
feare
of
God
,
for
the
vertuous
direction
&
good
ende
theareof
:
the
warres
for
defence
must
neades
more
generallie
be
allowed
,
whensoeuer
wronge
is
offered
,
by
the
enemie
of
anie
estate
to
the
losse
,
vexation
,
or
empayringe
of
the
same
,
wheareby
in
bodies
,
goodes
,
mindes
,
possessions
,
fraunchises
,
lawes
,
iurisdictions
,
credit
,
honour
,
or
anye
thinge
that
is
of
profit
or
contentation
vnto
them
,
they
be
anoyed
or
hurte
:
the
resistinge
&
encountring
wheare
of
is
iust
honourable
&
necessarye
.
The
auncient
warres
of
Troye
&
Thebes
,
arose
vpon
great
wronges
offered
,
the
first
of
them
,
in
the
time
that
K.
Dauid
raygned
,
the
other
,
not
longe
after
.
The
Grekes
maintained
continuall
warres
,
for
their
libertie
,
to
preserue
their
publique
states
vnder
elected
gouernours
,
&
especially
to
auoyde
subiection
to
anie
foreine
nation
,
which
they
esteamed
barbarous
and
rascall
,
in
respect
of
them selues
.
The
Scythiens
,
hauinge
no
riche
or
delycate
possessions
of
pleasant
or
frutefull
fieldes
,
no
substaunce
or
store
of
goodes
to
loose
,
yet
they
fought
fiercelie
to
defende
the
tombes
of
their
auncestours
(
whereof
they
had
their
greatest
care
)
from
iniuries
of
the
enemie
,
&
defacing
.
And
generallie
,
nature
hath
geuen
to
liuinge
thinges
,
a
desire
of
defence
,
&
resistinge
of
wronges
,
wherefore
that
force
is
better
to
be
allowed
of
,
than
inuasion
.
Iudas
Machabeus
saide
to
the
Israelites
,
let
vs
fight
for
our
liues
&
our
lawes
.
And
thus
to
cut
of
our
course
in
to
the
antiquitie
of
warres
,
seing
that
it
is
not
my
purpose
nowe
to
wryte
thereof
,
(
yet
supposinge
thus
muche
not
to
be
impertinent
vnto
hym
,
that
woulde
bee
a
trauayler
in
the
knoweledge
and
affaires
of
warres
)
we
conclude
by
plentiful
proofe
out
of
the
store
of
histories
,
accordinge
to
our
proposition
.
That
warres
iustlie
made
,
for
the
more
parte
,
growe
to
good
effecte
,
and
the
violent
empyre
lasteth
not
longe
.
Battail
attempted
for
pompe
,
or
ambitious
desire
of
dominion
,
not
regardinge
right
or
wonge
,
seldome
hath
good
successe
:
or
els
the
frutes
had
thereby
,
soone
fade
,
suche
victories
take
no
roote
.
But
yet
it
remayneth
,
to
aunswere
one
obiection
,
that
seemeth
to
ouerthrowe
and
quyte
condempne
all
our
warres
,
whiche
is
,
that
our
Lorde
Iesus
hath
sayde
,
that
he
which
striketh
with
the
swerde
,
shall
perishe
with
the
same
,
which
is
to
be
vnderstoode
,
eyther
of
wrongfull
striking
'
,
Math.
26.
or
else
betwene
pryuate
persons
,
which
haue
the
sworde
of
the
prince
&
defence
of
the
lawe
,
to
remedie
their
wronges
.
Also
,
where
it
is
commaunded
,
that
he
which
is
stryken
on
the
one
eare
,
should
turne
the
other
,
toreceaue
the
like
,
(
it
is
expounded
)
whereas
the
example
of
such
singuler
pacience
,
maye
greatlie
auaile
to
make
such
insolent
oultrage
,
the
more
odious
&
detestable
,
&
that
there
is
a
law
to
punish
the
same
,
otherwise
warres
,
&
armes
maye
be
vsed
for
maintenance
&
defence
of
vertue
&
ryght
,
&
great
good
grow
therof
.
For
in
the
x
,
of
the
Actes
of
the
Act.
Apost.
10.
Apostles
we
reade
,
that
the
conuersation
&
order
of
life
of
the
captaine
Cornelius
,
was
verie
well
pleasinge
&
acceptable
vnto
God
:
and
in
the
tenth
of
saint
Mathaew
,
our
sauiour
saieth
,
I
came
not
to
send
Mathaew
.
10.
peace
into
the
earth
,
but
a
swerde
,
which
proueth
,
that
the
same
maye
be
vsed
according
to
the
good
pleasure
of
God
,
thus
if
we
serch
his
will
,
we
shall
finde
it
,
and
knowe
howe
to
obserue
&
keepe
it
.
¶
Of
vyctories
,
which
is
the
best
,
and
what
truce
maye
be
honourablye
made
.
Cap.
ix
.
THat
victorie
is
most
to
be
preferred
,
which
maye
be
soonest
compassed
,
&
obtained
with
least
expence
,
inconuenience
&
losse
,
especiallie
of
men
:
wherein
it
is
to
be
considered
,
that
the
same
is
made
more
honourable
,
&
of
greater
importance
&
fame
,
if
periurie
,
cruel
murthers
,
infamous
treasons
,
poysoninge
of
victualls
,
or
such
odious
extremities
,
be
not
vsed
therein
.
Fabius
had
excellent
regarde
of
honour
in
his
conquest
,
when
besieginge
a
citie
of
the
Faliscyens
,
a
schoolemaster
which
had
the
chiefest
mens
sonnes
of
the
towne
in
gouenrment
&
teaching
,
trayned
them
forth
on
a
time
apte
for
his
purpose
,
&
for
hope
of
rewarde
,
brought
them
into
the
enemies
handes
,
to
the
ende
that
thereby
their
fathers
&
frendes
shoulde
be
fayne
to
render
the
towne
:
But
Fabius
rewarding
him
,
not
iumpe
accordinge
to
his
expectation
,
but
duelie
for
hys
desertes
,
he
caused
the
boyes
to
scurge
their
schole
mayster
well
with
roddes
,
for
betrayinge
the
trust
of
their
parentes
,
and
so
sent
them
home
together
singinge
vnto
the
citizens
,
which
hauinge
his
noble
vertue
in
highe
admiration
,
forthwith
rendred
vnto
him
the
towne
.
Dauid
,
sought
not
by
murder
to
wrest
the
kingdome
out
of
the
handes
of
Saul
,
but
punished
him
which
had
laide
handes
vpon
his
Lorde
,
anoynted
&
elected
of
God
.
Caesar
procured
not
Pompeye
to
be
slayne
,
but
wept
when
hee
sawe
his
enemies
head
.
Alexander
pursued
Bessus
,
to
reuenge
the
trayterous
murther
by
him
commytted
vpon
his
enemie
,
kinge
Darius
.
The
Romaines
generallie
,
had
regarde
to
conquere
by
valure
&
prowesse
,
wherefore
they
grewe
most
great
in
Em
pire
,
&
were
had
in
honour
&
awe
of
all
nations
:
The
Carthagynoys
contrarywyse
not
carynge
howe
,
so
they
had
victorie
,
vsinge
foule
practises
,
infidelitie
,
and
all
bad
shiftes
to
attaine
the
same
,
shortlie
lost
all
.
So
that
the
vertue
,
and
honourable
dealinge
of
the
generall
,
shall
alwaies
auayle
muche
to
the
prosperous
proceadinge
of
his
warres
,
and
more
easye
accomplyshynge
of
victorye
.
Hee
oughte
to
bee
as
a
tutor
,
or
rather
as
a
father
,
tender
and
carefull
ouer
the
souldiours
committed
vnto
his
guyde
,
good
order
&
diligent
prouidence
.
The
excellent
captaines
of
Roome
,
desired
rather
to
saue
one
citizen
in
battail
,
them
to
destroye
manie
enemies
.
Crueltie
is
to
be
eschued
,
excepte
when
seueritie
sharpelie
shewed
maye
geue
great
example
.
But
where
lenitie
and
prudent
meanes
maye
expresse
&
worke
th
effecte
of
rigour
,
euen
towardes
enemies
,
the
same
is
to
be
vsed
,
that
they
seeinge
the
excellent
vertue
,
wisedome
,
and
order
of
gouernment
in
the
conquerour
,
maye
the
rather
bee
allured
to
commit
them selues
vnto
him
,
when
by
suffringe
exchaunge
of
a
ruler
,
th
estate
of
their
welfare
,
shall
not
be
ouerthrowen
or
vndone
,
nor
slauerie
or
vile
seruitude
,
more
odious
then
death
,
is
not
sett
before
them
most
obstinatelie
&
desperatelie
to
bee
encountred
.
Nowe
touchinge
occasions
of
truce
&
intermission
of
warres
,
Bellum
gloriosum
,
Paci
turpi
antefevendum
.
it
is
to
be
considered
,
that
the
same
be
made
&
done
without
dishonour
,
so
that
the
warres
thereby
be
come
not
frutelesse
,
or
the
armie
in
worse
case
then
before
,
as
if
the
enemie
craue
that
for
feare
,
which
shall
like
auaile
him
,
and
muche
encourage
the
other
partie
.
But
pollicye
willeth
not
to
seeke
truce
or
delaye
,
but
by
constrainte
of
necessitie
,
or
for
sum
auantage
to
be
taken
,
as
sum
ayde
looked
for
,
or
in
the
meanetime
to
growe
into
the
secrets
of
the
enemie
to
sifte
his
purposes
,
by
conference
had
with
him
,
to
vndermine
his
doings
if
he
be
not
very
well
aduised
,
to
serch
the
state
of
his
force
&
gouernment
.
And
withal
the
good
captaine
must
be
vigilant
&
close
in
his
owne
affaires
.
Thus
shal
not
the
time
be
detracted
,
&
the
armie
with
great
charges
maintayned
without
good
purpose
or
profit
.
¶
Of
the
vse
,
and
ende
of
Warres
,
and
of
preparation
therefore
in
time
of
peace
.
Cap.
10
,
NOw
is
it
to
be
determined
,
that
the
vse
of
warres
ought
to
be
applyed
for
the
defence
of
right
,
to
shyelde
from
iniuries
,
&
to
plant
&
settle
a
commodious
state
of
life
,
&
this
vse
respecteth
&
hath
regarde
vnto
a
further
effecte
,
to
growe
thereof
:
which
is
the
verie
finall
ende
of
warres
,
that
after
valiaunt
victorie
or
reuenge
had
of
the
enemie
,
peace
may
follow
,
and
be
maintained
with
honour
,
free
from
violence
&
hostile
oppression
.
So
that
other
nations
,
seing
the
discipline
,
&
martial
prowesse
of
an
estate
so
wel
appointed
&
defended
,
may
feare
to
offer
them
iniuries
,
&
gladlye
desire
to
haue
league
&
fauour
there
,
when
things
in
this
good
stay
,
&
sauflie
are
confourmed
&
established
,
them
shall
learning
,
&
trades
florishe
,
&
craftes
men
in
cunning
encrease
,
Goulden
quiet
shal
plante
good
order
to
foster
frugality
,
&
bringe
foorth
the
fruites
of
plenty
:
where
by
the
land
wel
peopled
,
good
gouernment
shal
spred
the
happie
state
of
a
prosperous
commen
weale
ouer
al.
Good
excercises
shal
be
honourablie
frequented
,
Plato
.
Optimè
tum
ciuitates
instituuntur
,
cum
singuli
suis
operibus
incumbunt
.
&
vertue
with
all
desire
&
contention
endeuoured
:
in
which
excellent
course
of
life
,
we
shal
finde
our selues
most
happie
,
&
doe
our
Lord
God
best
seruice
,
so
that
our
felicitie
may
hereafter
endure
for
euer
.
One
thinge
more
I
would
saye
,
&
so
conclude
,
that
is
,
for
the
prouision
of
all
thinges
neadeful
,
in
time
of
peace
,
for
the
mayntenance
of
warres
:
for
peace
is
the
nourice
of
store
&
encrease
of
thinges
,
in
which
time
,
if
by
good
prouidence
respecte
be
not
had
,
to
haue
readie
furniture
of
armour
,
weapons
,
money
,
munition
,
menne
prepared
bothe
in
mindes
,
&
by
excercise
trayned
for
this
seruice
,
it
will
cause
fainte
warres
:
the
affaires
whereof
being
premeditate
before
hande
,
proceade
the
better
withe
out
stickinge
or
straungenesse
,
as
the
iourneye
,
where
the
waye
is
plaine
and
well
knowen
.
The
time
of
warres
is
troublesome
to
take
counsaile
in
,
and
more
vnfitte
for
exactions
,
but
most
of
all
it
is
vnmete
then
to
take
order
and
to
haue
thinges
to
seke
,
when
they
shoulde
bee
occupied
.
Also
this
preparation
&
furniture
for
the
warres
,
woulde
bee
had
of
euerie
priuate
manne
,
accordinge
to
his
abilitie
,
as
well
as
in
comen
stores
of
corporations
and
companies
.
And
suche
person
as
is
of
wealthe
,
and
lesse
able
by
his
persone
or
good
counsaile
for
the
seruice
and
defence
of
his
Countrey
,
oughte
to
extende
his
good
will
and
forwardnes
the
further
,
for
good
purueyance
to
arme
and
furnishe
others
theareunto
.
For
he
,
that
is
so
sotted
in
simplicitye
,
and
drowned
in
basenes
of
minde
,
that
hopinge
still
vpon
peace
,
will
neuer
aduaunce
his
consideration
or
care
,
for
defence
,
in
time
of
warres
,
but
employe
all
his
endeuour
vnto
his
owne
priuate
gaine
or
pleasure
,
and
not
laye
out
anye
money
for
the
behoufe
of
the
comen
state
,
is
like
by
his
policye
to
saue
a
fether
,
&
lose
the
birde
,
while
hee
snatched
at
a
shadowe
,
he
loseth
the
substaunce
.
And
the
example
of
such
grosse
carelesse
securitie
,
is
verye
pernicious
vnto
a
comon
weale
,
for
diuers
of
them
,
which
haue
the
wealthe
of
the
Realme
beinge
slacke
&
negligent
in
this
point
,
it
is
not
a
feawe
of
the
other
,
though
they
weare
neuer
so
careful
,
or
wel
disposed
&
appointed
to
serue
,
that
can
sustaine
the
brunte
of
warres
,
&
the
poore
man
can
little
auayle
hearein
,
being
thoroughe
wante
of
abilitie
,
naked
both
of
armour
&
experience
,
hauing
no
spare
time
for
the
excercise
of
armes
,
when
all
his
endeuour
emploied
to
purueye
for
his
necessarie
lyuinge
,
can
skantlie
suffice
theareunto
:
but
his
trust
is
,
that
thoroughe
the
circumspecte
prouidence
of
them
which
haue
whearewithall
to
doe
good
hearein
,
hee
shall
enioye
his
pouertye
,
saufe
from
captiuitye
.
So
,
if
the
other
bee
vnfurnished
at
the
time
of
neade
,
what
doth
he
,
but
bringe
ruyne
vpon
him selfe
,
and
hys
deare
Countrey
.
Is
it
not
the
wished
wellfare
,
and
a
right
happye
state
,
wheare
euerye
man
may
enioye
his
owne
quyetlie
,
vnder
their
naturall
and
gratious
Prince
,
moste
carefull
and
tender
ouer
the
Countreye
and
people
,
vsynge
suche
lawes
,
as
the
wyse
menne
of
the
Realme
,
can
best
deuyse
and
finde
oute
to
bee
moste
profitable
for
all
sortes
of
menne
:
And
an
horrible
miserye
more
odyous
then
anye
deathe
,
to
haue
oure
Lawes
,
lyues
,
goodes
,
and
what
soeuer
is
deare
vnto
vs
,
at
the
lyst
,
and
vnder
the
contempte
and
rule
of
the
insolent
and
cruell
enemye
,
to
bee
spoyled
by
force
,
pylled
by
exactyons
,
and
trybutes
,
to
liue
laden
with
seruitude
&
villanyes
.
If
we
will
haue
these
auoyded
,
then
must
theare
be
defence
Plaut.
Libertatem
nemo
bonus
,
nisi
cum
anima
simul
amittit
.
prepared
for
the
good
&
prosperous
estate
:
Els
is
the
same
by
peace
enriched
vnto
spoile
,
and
fatted
fitt
for
the
tothe
of
the
enemie
.
For
yet
neuer
was
theare
great
&
famous
estate
,
whearein
armes
and
lawes
,
ciuill
gouernement
,
and
martiall
prowesse
florished
not
together
.
And
now
for
suche
as
shall
serue
in
the
warres
,
that
they
might
liue
honestlie
and
ciuillye
after
the
same
ended
,
whereby
they
should
lesse
feare
to
put
them selues
forth
in
daungers
,
if
there
weare
in
euery
shire
of
this
realme
a
house
ordayned
for
maymed
souldiours
,
&
men
worne
in
the
warres
,
withe
suche
prouision
,
that
they
might
be
able
to
lyue
theare
,
&
not
idlelye
as
A
happye
commen
weale
,
wheare
good
lawes
and
armes
,
are
duelye
vsed
.
Iustice
and
chiualrye
maintained
.
lasye
lorells
haue
done
heretofore
vnder
cloke
of
religion
,
but
orderlie
&
duelye
to
serue
God
,
&
at
certaine
feastes
&
times
conuenient
,
to
be
leaders
vnto
the
countrey
men
,
in
the
orders
&
arraye
of
warre
,
and
teachers
to
the
ignorant
in
the
best
vse
of
martiall
weapons
&
practises
:
This
I
suppose
should
be
well
pleasinge
vnto
almightie
GOD
,
&
also
right
honourable
,
&
profitable
vnto
the
Realme
.
FINIS
.
¶
Tout
poiar
&
louange
a
Dieu
.
Amen
.