OF
THE
INTEREST
,
OF
THE
PRINCES
AND
STATES
OF
CHRISTENDOME
.
THE
PRINCES
commaund
the
People
,
and
the
Interest
commaunds
The
Princes
.
The
knowledge
of
this
Interest
is
as
much
more
raised
aboue
that
of
Princes
actions
,
as
they
themselues
are
aboue
the
People
.
The
Prince
may
deceiue
himselfe
,
his
Counsell
may
be
corrupted
,
but
the
interest
alone
can
neuer
faile
.
According
as
it
is
well
or
ill
vnderstood
,
it
maketh
States
to
liue
or
die
.
And
as
it
allwaies
aimeth
at
the
augmentation
,
or
at
leastwise
the
conseruation
of
a
State
,
so
likewise
to
get
thither
,
it
ought
to
varie
according
to
the
times
.
So
that
to
consider
well
the
interest
of
the
Princes
of
this
time
,
wee
need
not
remount
very
high
,
but
onely
take
the
standing
of
the
present
affaires
.
For
this
purpose
one
ought
to
lay
for
a
ground
,
that
there
be
two
Powers
in
Christendome
,
which
are
as
the
two
Poles
,
from
whence
descend
the
influences
of
peace
and
warre
vpon
the
other
states
,
to
wit
,
the
howses
of
France
and
Spaine
.
This
of
Spaine
finding
it selfe
augmented
all
at
once
,
hath
not
beene
able
to
conceale
the
designe
shee
had
to
make
her selfe
Mistresse
,
and
cause
the
Sunne
of
a
new
Monarchie
to
rise
in
the
West
.
That
of
France
is
forthwith
carried
to
make
a
counterpoise
.
The
other
Princes
are
annexed
to
the
one
,
or
the
other
,
according
to
their
interest
.
But
forsomuch
as
this
interest
(
as
it
hath
beene
well
or
ill
followed
)
hath
caused
the
ruine
of
some
,
or
the
greatnesse
of
others
,
I
haue
purposed
to
publish
in
this
present
Treatise
.
First
what
was
the
true
interest
of
these
two
mightie
Powers
,
and
then
of
the
other
which
seeme
in
some
manner
to
depend
on
their
protection
.
Next
of
all
I
shall
shew
how
much
has
beene
the
digression
from
this
true
interest
,
either
because
the
Prince
hath
not
well
vnderstood
it
,
or
else
for
that
he
was
disguised
by
the
corruption
of
his
Ministers
.
OF
THE
INTEREST
,
OF
SPAINE
.
SPAINE
is
at
the
head
of
Europe
,
where
the
Ocean
serues
her
for
bounds
,
vpon
the
entrance
of
the
Mediterranean
sea
,
which
separates
the
same
from
Affricke
,
hauing
the
Pyrenean
mountaines
for
barriers
against
France
.
On
this
great
Country
so
well
situated
,
do
depend
many
States
spread
in
diuerse
parts
of
the
world
.
Philip
King
of
Spaine
who
attempted
to
extend
this
vast
power
to
the
top
of
all
greatnesse
(
finding
himselfe
lesse
sitt
for
warre
then
ciuill
businesses
)
judged
that
Monarchies
got
as
it
were
in
post
,
by
the
valour
of
warlike
Princes
,
are
not
of
like
continuance
as
those
which
they
get
by
establishingh
a
good
Counsell
,
and
which
are
founded
vpon
good
maximes
.
Because
that
these
great
Conquerrours
,
(
who
thinke
onely
of
vanquishing
,
and
extending
their
dominions
,
and
not
of
founding
Lawes
for
their
subsistence
)
being
not
ordinarily
succeeded
by
such
as
equall
their
courage
,
and
the
vanquished
people
hauing
not
yet
lost
the
memorie
of
their
libertie
,
or
of
their
auncient
Lords
,
are
easily
carried
to
any
change
,
seeing
themselues
deliuered
from
the
feare
of
him
that
had
subjected
them
,
Which
made
this
wise
Prince
resolue
to
follow
his
owne
disposition
,
and
choose
a
course
most
agreeable
to
his
impenetrable
humour
,
that
is
,
to
prosecute
his
designes
vnder
a
profound
dissimulation
.
To
this
end
,
he
fixed
the
seat
of
his
dominion
in
Spaine
,
that
he
might
from
thence
conueigh
warmth
to
the
members
loosened
from
this
body
,
and
might
with
more
ease
(
conseruing
peace
by
his
presence
)
trouble
all
the
rest
of
Europe
by
his
subtilties
.
But
the
time
fayling
him
to
accomplish
so
loftie
a
designe
,
he
left
it
neuerthelesse
so
farre
aduanced
,
that
it
has
been
easie
for
his
successours
to
prosecute
the
same
.
See
now
the
Maximes
obserued
hitherto
as
Oracles
,
which
are
properly
the
true
Interest
of
Spaine
.
The
first
is
grounded
vpon
Religion
,
as
that
which
for
conscience
sake
does
make
people
vndertake
any
thing
.
There
ought
to
be
testified
by
the
Spaniard
,
a
great
zeale
to
the
Catholike
Religion
,
that
he
might
serue
himselfe
of
it
in
his
designes
.
And
he
ought
to
make
the
Pope
conceiue
,
that
to
fauour
the
greatnesse
of
Spaine
in
ruining
the
Protestants
,
is
the
support
of
his
owne
authoritie
,
and
puissance
.
It
behooues
him
to
perswade
the
other
Princes
of
Italie
,
that
on
the
protection
of
Spaine
depends
the
vpholding
of
the
Church
against
any
other
power
.
And
that
the
entrance
of
Strangers
into
Italie
be
barred
,
to
conserue
the
Religion
,
which
could
not
but
be
soyled
by
such
a
commerce
.
In
France
,
where
there
be
Protestants
,
and
where
the
Catholikes
are
the
Masters
,
He
should
incite
the
King
to
banishe
those
,
and
solicite
the
Pope
to
vrge
the
same
,
yet
giuing
vnderhand
courage
and
assistance
to
the
said
Protestants
to
stirre
vp
there
a
Ciuill
warre
,
which
might
so
much
the
more
weaken
the
Kingdome
.
If
the
King
pereiuing
the
subtiltie
of
this
counsell
,
will
not
giue
eare
to
it
,
He
ought
then
to
stirre
vp
the
Catholikes
themselues
against
him
,
as
against
a
fauourour
of
Heretiks
:
to
assist
them
also
powerfully
,
and
therein
likewise
to
engage
the
Pope
,
if
he
can
.
For
in
what
manner
soeuer
,
he
should
procure
that
this
Realme
be
destroyed
of
it selfe
,
as
that
which
euerie where
sets
it selfe
against
the
designe
of
the
Spanish
Monarchie
.
In
England
where
the
Protestants
are
Masters
,
where
they
beare
the
sway
,
he
ought
to
make
peace
in
any
wise
with
this
Realme
,
to
the
end
that
through
the
power
it
hath
at
Sea
,
it
doe
not
incommodate
the
Indies
,
where
his
chiefe
treasures
are
.
And
that
vnder
this
apparant
amitie
he
may
the
more
easily
render
himselfe
Protector
of
the
Catholickes
of
England
.
Wherefore
he
ought
to
aduantage
himselfe
by
the
Colledges
founded
of
purpose
in
Flanders
and
in
Spaine
,
to
instruct
the
English
youth
in
the
Catholicke
Religion
,
inciting
them
to
come
thither
by
the
liberalitie
there
vsed
,
and
to
follow
their
studies
there
,
without
paying
any
thing
.
Where
the
Diuinitie
they
learne
,
is
to
acquire
Martyrdome
,
and
merit
heauen
,
in
seruing
the
greatnesse
of
Spaine
,
at
the
cost
of
their
King
and
Country
.
In
Germanie
,
where
(
though
the
Emperour
be
a
Catholicke
)
the
Protestants
share
so
well
the
authoritie
,
that
he
needs
to
maintaine
the
Empire
in
the
house
of
Austria
,
(
being
the
same
with
Spaine
)
as
the
sole
bullwarke
against
the
Protestants
,
and
he
should
augment
it
from
their
spoyles
,
vnder
pretence
of
Religion
,
and
a
desire
thereby
to
defend
Christendome
against
the
Turke
.
In
Switzerland
,
where
the
power
is
shared
between
two
Religions
,
he
ought
to
animate
one
side
against
the
other
,
giuing
hope
to
the
Catholickes
of
the
spoyle
of
the
Protestants
,
and
holding
them
in
breath
,
to
make
them
breake
as
occasion
shall
serue
.
In
the
Low-countries
,
where
the
Catholickes
haue
not
any
power
,
and
where
so
long
and
bloodie
warres
haue
not
been
able
to
reduce
this
people
vnder
the
yoake
of
Spaine
,
the
endeauour
should
be
,
to
make
them
lay
downe
their
armes
through
a
long
truce
,
and
in
this
repose
,
to
foment
a
Schisme
there
,
which
may
diuide
them
betwixt
themselues
.
To
manage
well
these
affaires
,
one
must
come
to
the
second
point
,
that
consists
in
the
manner
to
maintaine
such
intelligences
as
shall
be
necessarie
in
all
other
States
,
which
he
must
doe
by
the
meanes
of
Embassadours
as
persons
towards
whom
respect
is
borne
.
Likewise
by
Monkes
and
Preachers
that
haue
great
power
in
their
pulpits
and
also
in
particular
families
,
by
Money
,
whereby
men
acquire
Confidents
,
such
on
whose
trust
one
may
relie
,
and
herein
he
must
not
be
sparing
.
Aboue
all
,
he
must
essay
to
gaine
the
principall
Ministers
of
Princes
,
to
diuert
the
dangerous
designes
which
they
might
haue
against
Spaine
;
Or
else
to
render
them
odious
who
are
found
too
faithfull
,
and
ruine
them
in
any
wise
howsoeuer
.
The
third
point
toucheth
negociations
and
treaties
,
wherein
he
must
employ
persons
secret
and
patient
,
He
must
all
way
shewe
a
desire
of
peace
,
thereby
to
cast
others
asleepe
,
and
in
the
meane
time
prepare
himselfe
to
warre
,
for
to
surprise
them
vnprouided
.
If
there
happen
any
difference
between
two
pettie
Princes
,
he
ought
to
interpose
himselfe
for
their
agreement
,
either
as
Iudge
of
Arbitratour
,
and
to
haue
in
deposito
,
in
trust
(
if
he
can
)
that
which
is
in
debate
betwixt
them
,
incensing
them
(
if
he
can
)
in
stead
of
appeasing
them
,
consentig
with
the
one
to
diuide
the
spoiles
of
the
other
,
and
vpon
the
diuision
dispossesse
both
two
.
He
ought
,
not
to
loose
any
occasion
of
intermedling
in
the
affaires
of
his
neighbours
,
but
yet
exclude
others
from
medling
with
his
.
Especially
the
French
from
the
affaires
of
Italie
,
hindering
them
from
hauing
any
entrance
there
,
because
they
are
the
onely
men
that
may
frustrate
the
designes
of
Spaine
in
that
Country
.
The
fourth
point
consists
in
being
allwaies
powerfully
armed
,
which
is
an
assured
meanes
to
keepe
his
Subjects
in
obedience
,
and
his
Neighbours
in
respect
,
to
preuent
the
designes
of
his
enemies
,
to
surprise
them
if
they
sleep
,
and
to
take
his
owne
aduantage
from
vnexpected
occasions
.
The
fifth
point
is
reputation
,
and
although
that
it
dependeth
on
the
foure
first
,
neuer
the
lesse
being
simply
considered
,
it
establisheth
a
fifth
maxime
,
whereby
Spaine
gaineth
as
much
,
as
by
any
of
the
rest
.
Considering
that
the
opinion
conceiued
of
her
great
zeale
for
the
maintenance
of
the
Catholicke
Religion
,
couers
with
the
cloake
of
pietie
,
all
her
other
designes
,
and
holds
the
people
in
a
wonderfull
awe
.
The
feare
of
her
profound
intelligences
throughout
,
causeth
other
Princes
to
haue
a
care
that
they
engage
not
themselues
lightly
against
her
.
This
assurance
confirmed
in
mens
vnderstandings
,
by
so
much
experience
of
her
prudent
dexteritie
,
(
knowing
how
to
aduantage
herselfe
in
Treaties
)
inuites
her
inferiours
to
enter
more
forwardly
in
league
with
her
,
and
to
set
themselues
vnder
her
shade
.
The
estate
of
her
armes
allwaies
on
foote
,
consumes
those
that
are
suspicious
of
her
,
and
assures
others
that
depend
on
her
protection
.
From
all
these
things
results
the
reputation
of
Spaine
.
Her
interest
is
,
to
manage
well
this
pietie
.
And
though
all
Princes
hold
for
a
generall
maxime
,
that
they
should
carefully
conserue
their
reputation
,
Spaine
ought
to
be
so
much
the
more
jealous
thereof
,
as
her
designes
are
greater
then
those
of
other
States
.
This
huge
frame
composed
of
so
many
parts
,
and
as
it
were
incumbered
with
its
owne
weight
,
moues
by
its
secret
springs
,
which
loose
their
force
euen
as
they
are
discouered
.
OF
THE
INTEREST
OF
FRANCE
.
FRANCE
being
seated
betweene
the
Alpes
and
the
Pyrenean
mountaines
,
and
flanked
by
two
seas
,
seemes
to
be
inuited
by
nature
to
oppose
it selfe
against
the
proceeding
of
this
puissant
Neighbourhood
.
For
shee
appeares
like
a
banke
against
this
torrent
,
and
the
opportunitie
of
her
situation
is
such
,
that
shee
may
hinder
the
distribution
of
the
head
to
the
members
of
the
Monarchie
which
does
oppugne
her
.
But
this
being
not
sufficient
to
crosse
the
proceedings
of
Spaine
,
the
interest
of
France
is
,
to
take
all
the
counter-course
(
to
impeach
all
shee
may
her
designes
)
by
maximes
,
which
wee
come
now
deliuer
vnto
you
.
Henry
the
fourth
,
(
vpon
whom
the
actiuitie
of
all
these
subtilties
has
been
exercised
euen
to
the
vtmost
point
)
hauing
better
vnderstood
them
then
any
other
before
him
,
(
for
that
he
proued
them
more
)
he
first
confirmed
the
true
interest
of
France
,
which
is
to
thwart
or
counterpoint
Spaine
in
all
these
points
.
In
such
wise
that
if
the
first
maxime
of
the
interest
of
Spaine
be
,
to
persecute
the
Protestants
,
for
to
growe
by
their
spoyles
:
the
first
of
the
interest
of
France
is
,
to
make
the
Catholickes
perceiue
the
venome
hidden
vndes
the
same
.
Especially
to
let
the
Court
of
Rome
vnderstand
that
the
hopes
which
Spaine
giues
her
to
augment
her
treasures
by
the
ruine
of
Protestants
,
is
not
but
to
further
her
designe
towards
the
Monarchie
,
where
shee
can
no
sooner
arriue
,
but
the
Pope
must
become
her
Seruant
,
whereas
his
authoritie
neuer
has
more
lustre
,
then
when
the
power
of
Christian
Princes
and
States
is
ballanced
.
Moreouer
France
should
make
shew
to
the
Protestant
Princes
and
States
that
allthough
shee
be
of
a
diuerse
Religion
to
theirs
,
yet
shee
would
rather
their
conuersion
,
then
their
destruction
,
assuring
them
that
this
shall
not
at
all
hinder
her
that
shee
contribute
not
of
her
owne
to
conserue
them
,
and
to
aide
them
freely
against
all
those
that
would
trouble
or
change
any
thing
in
their
States
and
liberties
.
Likewise
as
the
second
maxime
of
the
interest
of
Spaine
is
to
aduantage
her
designe
through
intelligences
.
The
second
of
the
interest
of
France
is
,
not
to
sleepe
at
all
in
hers
.
Nor
to
spare
money
in
spies
and
pensioners
,
to
the
end
to
know
what
passeth
amongst
her
neighbours
,
and
that
as
occasion
serues
,
shee
strengthen
the
weake
,
assure
the
fearefull
,
stop
the
engagement
of
those
that
are
moued
to
decline
,
retire
those
that
are
allready
engaged
,
and
that
shee
crosse
in
all
places
and
by
all
meanes
the
intelligences
of
Spaine
.
To
the
third
maxime
,
which
concerns
negociation
.
It
ought
not
to
be
suffered
,
that
Spaine
meddle
in
any
Treatie
,
but
that
France
also
step
between
on
her
part
.
Especially
in
Italie
,
where
shee
would
be
sole
judge
and
vmpire
.
That
which
shee
will
be
,
if
France
were
not
assured
of
one
port
to
enter
there
,
which
shee
ought
to
keepe
,
euen
so
long
as
shee
will
oppose
the
others
greatnesse
,
and
be
considered
as
the
bullwarke
of
the
Christian
libertie
.
Moreouer
flegmaticke
personnes
ought
to
be
made
choice
of
(
for
to
treate
with
Spaine
,
)
and
such
as
haue
not
any
impatient
humour
,
whereof
the
French
nation
is
accused
,
to
the
end
,
to
take
away
their
hope
of
profiting
by
delaies
,
wherewith
Spaine
has
been
accustomed
to
wearie
all
the
world
.
To
the
fourth
Maxime
.
There
ought
to
be
opposed
force
to
force
.
For
neither
perswasions
,
nor
the
Iustice
of
armes
will
awe
him
that
s
armed
.
So
as
that
France
ought
to
cutt
off
all
vnnecessarie
expences
,
and
be
allwaies
powerfully
armed
,
hauing
sufficiently
to
doe
the
same
,
without
borrowing
elsewhere
soldiers
,
munition
,
and
money
.
If
so
be
that
the
aboue
named
maximes
be
well
obserued
,
the
reputation
of
Spaine
,
(
whereby
shee
doth
so
aduantageously
preuaile
)
will
be
abated
:
that
of
France
eleuated
:
and
the
other
Christian
Princes
and
States
seeing
such
a
counterpoise
to
affaires
,
will
againe
take
courage
,
and
without
apprehension
of
future
danger
will
voluntarily
embrace
the
cause
of
their
conseruation
.
OF
THE
INTEREST
,
OF
THE
PRINCES
OF
ITALIE
.
ITALIE
,
which
is
enuironned
with
the
Alpes
,
and
the
Mediterranean
sea
,
(
after
the
deluge
of
those
barbarous
nations
that
so
long
time
afflicted
it
)
seemed
as
if
shee
ought
to
thinke
of
nothing
more
then
to
benefit
herselfe
by
the
opportunitie
of
her
situation
,
to
keep
her selfe
close
and
secret
,
being
as
well
separated
by
the
interest
of
Prouinces
,
as
diuided
by
her
situation
.
And
truly
it
was
then
the
maxime
which
shee
ought
to
hold
.
For
these
little
Princes
might
liue
preaceably
vnder
the
shadow
of
the
greater
,
when
hauing
amongst
themselues
their
just
counterpoise
,
they
cannot
attempt
any
thing
vpon
their
inferiours
.
And
the
principall
Powers
sharing
amongst
themselues
the
dominion
of
such
a
Countrey
,
had
reason
to
exclude
their
neighbours
from
the
Knowledge
of
their
affaires
.
But
since
that
the
King
of
Spaine
hath
set
footing
in
Italie
,
and
that
finding
himselfe
Maister
of
both
ends
thereof
,
he
has
made
the
ballance
incline
on
his
owne
side
,
the
true
interest
in
generall
of
the
Italian
Princes
has
beene
to
keep
euer
one
gate
(
at
least
)
open
,
to
guard
themselues
from
the
oppression
which
such
a
formidable
Power
might
make
them
feare
.
And
although
that
for
this
effect
they
ought
to
hold
intelligences
with
other
Princes
,
it
behooues
them
notwithstanding
,
to
doe
it
cheifely
with
the
King
of
France
,
for
three
reasons
.
First
,
for
the
neerenesse
,
and
opportunitie
of
being
able
to
succour
them
,
either
by
sea
or
land
.
Secondly
,
for
the
great
forces
that
this
great
Realme
can
set
on
foote
.
And
lastly
,
by
this
bridle
to
restraine
the
Spainard
,
who
otherwise
would
carrie
himselfe
towards
them
with
lesse
moderation
.
The
other
maxime
which
Italie
ought
to
obserue
is
,
to
conserue
her selfe
in
peace
,
First
,
because
there
can
be
noe
warre
,
but
the
Kings
of
France
and
Spaine
will
there
take
part
,
either
as
fauouring
one
of
the
parties
,
or
else
as
Arbitrators
.
Besides
it
ought
to
be
considered
,
that
warre
cannot
be
enkindled
in
this
Country
,
without
great
danger
of
stirring
vp
diuerse
humours
,
which
doe
now
lie
still
.
These
are
the
two
points
wherein
lieth
the
interest
of
Italie
in
generall
.
And
although
that
euery
Prince
ought
to
haue
the
same
aime
,
there
are
notwithstanding
certaine
particular
interests
in
each
State
.
The
Common-wealth
of
Venice
in
regard
of
the
extent
of
her
dominion
both
by
sea
and
land
,
likewise
of
the
firmenesse
of
her
establishment
for
twlue
ages
entire
,
and
of
the
prudent
conduct
of
so
wise
a
gouernment
,
is
without
doubt
the
chiefe
Power
of
Italie
next
that
of
the
King
of
Spaine
,
And
shee
also
has
been
the
first
Common-wealth
that
has
setled
the
rules
of
her
conseruation
,
and
that
has
most
punctually
obserued
them
,
in
taking
for
her
particular
interest
,
that
of
Italie
in
generall
.
Moreouer
for
particular
respects
shee
makes
it
a
maxime
,
to
hold
a
strait
intelligence
with
the
Turke
,
and
for
the
same
shee
spares
not
any
cost
.
Shee
belieues
also
that
her
interest
is
,
to
maintaine
warre
abroad
and
foment
the
same
with
money
.
That
which
the
other
Princes
of
Italie
ought
also
to
doe
,
if
they
had
strength
and
courage
to
vndertake
it
.
Shee
looses
noe
time
for
to
hinder
the
King
of
Spaine
and
the
Pope
from
waxing
great
.
The
State
of
Venice
seemes
extraordinarily
jealous
of
these
two
Potentates
,
though
it
be
a
maxime
common
to
all
Princes
to
hinder
the
growth
of
their
Neighbours
.
As
for
the
other
Princes
of
Italie
,
shee
vpholds
them
according
to
her
owne
benefit
.
OF
THE
INTEREST
,
OF
THE
SEA
OF
ROME
.
THE
interest
of
the
Sea
of
Rome
is
,
first
to
procure
by
all
manner
of
meanes
the
diminution
of
the
greatnesse
of
Spaine
,
because
the
Church
lands
ly
so
fitt
for
her
,
that
if
once
the
King
of
Spaine
come
to
quitt
the
specious
pretext
that
he
has
taken
to
protect
the
holie
Sea
,
certainly
he
will
easily
appropriate
all
this
goodly
demaine
,
for
to
joyne
together
the
two
ends
,
which
allready
belong
vnto
him
.
The
puissance
of
the
Venetians
and
of
the
great
Duke
does
much
enfeeble
that
of
the
Sea
of
Rome
,
which
without
these
obstacles
would
commaund
the
two
Gulfes
.
So
shee
ought
to
desire
that
these
two
Princes
remaine
at
least
as
they
be
.
But
all
these
are
but
generall
maximes
.
There
be
yet
three
particular
of
the
Sea
of
Rome
.
The
first
is
,
to
maintaine
her
credit
throughout
,
by
the
meanes
of
Eeclesiasticall
personnes
,
as
the
sinnewes
of
her
greatness
,
whom
shee
ought
to
protect
against
the
secular
Powers
.
The
second
is
,
to
make
Princes
dread
the
thunder-bolt
of
excommunications
,
But
not
to
vse
it
too
oft
,
for
feare
they
come
to
contemne
it
.
The
third
is
,
to
restraine
the
Popes
as
much
as
may
be
,
hindering
them
from
making
great
their
houses
at
the
Churches
cost
,
or
committing
any
extrauagance
by
their
passions
,
prejudiciall
to
the
common
good
of
the
Ecclesiasticall
State
.
It
would
be
to
no
purpose
to
touch
the
interest
of
the
other
Princes
of
Italie
,
for
that
they
are
either
so
little
considerable
as
they
can
doe
nothing
of
themselues
:
or
else
so
subiected
as
they
dare
not
make
shew
of
any
other
interest
,
then
that
of
those
on
whom
they
depend
.
OF
THE
INTEREST
OF
THE
DVKE
OF
SAVOY
.
IT
remaines
onely
for
conclusion
,
to
speake
of
the
Duke
of
Sauoy
.
The
Estate
of
this
Prince
is
in
such
manner
situated
,
that
to
which
side
soeuer
he
turnes
,
he
is
of
great
importance
to
the
partie
he
embraceth
.
CHARLES
EMANVEL
(
who
was
first
willing
to
make
knowne
that
a
Duke
of
Sauoy
could
make
peace
and
warre
in
Italie
beleeued
,
that
the
interest
of
his
Estate
was
,
to
side
one
while
with
France
,
another
while
with
Spaine
,
according
to
the
occurrences
and
good
of
his
affaires
,
which
was
the
sole
but
of
his
designes
,
without
thinking
of
Treaties
made
either
with
the
one
or
the
other
.
But
this
Prince
,
full
of
vast
thoughts
(
and
who
could
not
bound
his
ambition
by
the
barriers
that
Nature
had
set
to
his
Estate
)
was
glad
that
the
situation
of
his
Country
might
serue
for
a
pretext
to
his
disquiet
.
For
indeed
the
true
interest
of
the
Duke
of
Sauoy
is
,
to
haue
allwaies
a
good
correspondence
with
France
,
because
shee
can
assist
him
with
the
whole
masse
of
her
forces
,
against
one
member
of
the
power
of
Spaine
,
who
hath
more
jealousie
of
her
Estates
in
Italie
,
then
(
to
say
in
a
manner
)
of
all
the
rest
together
,
hauing
also
a
vehement
desire
to
joyne
Piemont
to
the
Dutchie
of
Milaine
.
So
as
,
the
Duke
of
Sauoy
should
beleeue
,
that
what
amitie
soeuer
he
has
with
Spaine
,
it
is
most
dangerous
to
him
.
He
ought
neuerthelesse
to
entertaine
it
,
in
so
much
as
it
is
needfull
to
gard
him
from
France
.
OF
THE
INTEREST
OF
GERMANIE
.
THIS
huge
masse
of
Prouinces
joyning
together
,
inuironned
with
three
Seas
,
and
diuided
by
so
many
mightie
riuers
,
has
beene
heretofore
the
terrour
of
the
Romane
Empire
,
which
at
length
shee
hath
transported
to
her selfe
.
And
as
before
,
shee
had
noe
other
interest
but
her
libertie
:
so
since
,
shee
has
no
other
designe
but
to
conserue
the
same
.
For
truly
if
the
name
of
Empire
has
brought
splendour
and
reputation
to
Germanie
,
it
hath
giuen
her
in
recompence
much
jealousie
and
distrus
.
Shee
presently
discouered
her
Emperours
,
and
essayed
to
limit
their
power
for
feare
that
from
Chiefs
of
this
Country
,
they
come
to
be
Masters
thereof
.
Dominion
being
such
a
daintie
morcell
that
the
most
temperate
cannot
forbeare
it
.
This
notwithstanding
,
by
the
continuance
of
certaine
successions
,
the
Empire
being
established
in
the
house
of
Austria
(
that
of
Spaine
,
which
is
the
principall
branche
thereof
)
knew
to
manage
this
beginning
of
establishment
with
such
dexteritie
,
that
now
it
seemes
as
hereditarie
in
that
house
.
The
maxime
of
Germanie
was
to
hinder
the
progresse
of
this
vsurpation
.
And
now
her
interest
is
,
to
reduce
things
to
their
former
estate
,
by
distributing
this
honour
interchāgeably
to
the
principall
houses
,
and
restraining
the
power
of
the
Emperours
,
whose
counsell
ought
to
be
the
generall
Diets
,
to
consult
alltogether
of
the
meanes
to
conserue
the
common
libertie
,
and
to
resist
the
Turke
,
who
is
the
onely
force
that
Germanie
should
be
afraid
of
.
The
diuersitie
of
Religion
ought
not
to
cause
any
diuersitie
of
opinion
in
things
that
concerne
the
common
good
.
The
interest
of
all
the
Princes
in
generall
and
of
euery
one
of
them
in
particular
is
,
mutually
to
defend
and
jointly
to
hinder
that
the
Emperour
make
not
an
attempt
vpon
the
libertie
of
any
,
vnder
what
pretext
soeuer
it
be
.
They
should
likewise
take
heed
that
the
stronger
amongst
them
oppresse
not
the
weaker
,
whereto
the
Emperour
will
allwaies
lend
a
hand
,
for
to
gaine
by
the
ruine
both
of
the
one
and
the
other
.
The
Catholicke
Princes
ought
from
henceforth
to
disabuse
themselues
,
and
to
hold
for
certaine
,
that
vnder
the
colour
of
Religion
,
they
serue
the
designe
of
the
house
of
Austria
,
and
forge
by
little
and
little
the
irons
of
their
owne
bondage
,
being
not
able
to
hope
for
any
other
aduantage
then
to
be
the
last
ruined
.
The
Protestants
(
since
they
alone
cannot
withstand
so
great
forces
)
should
make
it
a
maxime
,
to
be
first
well
vnited
at
home
,
and
afterwards
to
hold
necessarie
intelligences
abroad
,
for
to
counterpoise
the
Catholicke
league
.
Their
chiefest
aime
should
be
,
to
abide
streightly
conjoind
together
,
and
to
beleeue
,
that
their
assured
ruine
lieth
in
their
disunion
.
All
the
aduantages
proposed
vnto
them
for
to
disunite
them
one
from
another
,
ought
to
be
the
bands
of
their
concord
and
good
intelligence
.
This
is
the
true
interest
of
the
Princes
of
Germanie
and
of
the
Imperiall
townes
,
which
they
neuer
ought
to
relinquish
,
For
without
this
support
,
they
will
become
the
prey
of
the
first
Vsurper
,
and
their
great
magazins
and
stately
Arcenalls
will
serue
for
a
lure
to
intice
those
that
are
Masters
of
the
field
.
There
are
foure
Kingdomes
which
depend
in
a
manner
vpon
Germanie
and
are
obliged
to
follow
the
fortune
of
this
Country
.
Poland
and
Hungarie
for
diuers
interrests
remaine
tyed
to
the
house
of
Austria
.
Denmarke
and
Swedeland
embrace
the
partie
that
maintaines
the
libertie
of
Germanie
,
fearing
their
owne
may
be
in
danger
,
after
this
comes
to
be
oppressed
.
It
is
requisite
that
Germanie
remaine
strictly
vnited
with
both
these
Realmes
,
But
the
latter
shee
can
neuer
forsake
,
without
an
eternall
blot
of
ingratitude
,
hauing
receiued
from
thence
euen
that
which
was
beyond
her
hopes
,
seeing
her selfe
allreadie
swallowed
in
the
very
gulfe
of
so
hard
a
bondage
,
when
this
King
(
shewed
onely
to
the
world
through
so
many
darke
clowdes
)
made
the
Sunne
of
her
deliuerāce
appeare
to
this
desolate
Country
.
OF
THE
INTEREST
OF
THE
SWISSES
AND
OF
THE
VNITED
PROVINCES
of
the
Low-Countries
.
ON
the
two
sides
of
Germanie
,
at
the
entrie
of
this
large
Country
,
there
are
formed
two
Common-weathes
dreadfull
amongst
the
other
powers
of
Christendome
,
both
for
the
valour
of
their
people
,
and
for
the
forme
of
their
situation
.
So
that
very
rightly
one
may
call
them
the
two
armes
of
Germanie
.
The
right
arme
is
Switzerland
,
the
left
is
the
Vnited
State
of
the
Low
Countries
.
The
one
is
amongst
the
rockes
and
precipices
;
the
other
amongst
the
Seas
and
marshes
.
The
one
domineers
in
the
Alpes
:
and
the
other
in
the
Ocean
.
The
naturall
disposition
of
both
these
people
is
so
agreeable
to
the
nature
of
the
Countries
which
they
inhabite
,
as
that
the
Swisses
seeme
made
for
the
Mountaines
,
and
the
Mountaines
for
the
Swisses
.
The
Sea
for
the
Hollanders
:
and
the
Hollanders
for
the
Sea
.
In
Switzer-land
euery
Canton
,
in
the
Low-Countries
euery
Prouince
is
a
Commonwealth
.
The
Swisses
sell
the
libertie
of
their
bodies
to
others
,
and
doe
guard
the
libertie
of
their
country
:
the
Hollāders
ga●d
their
owne
libertie
intire
.
Long
peace
hath
enriched
those
:
but
these
flourish
by
the
continuation
of
warre
.
The
interest
of
the
Swisses
is
Peace
:
but
the
Hollanders
should
hold
for
an
assured
maxime
,
to
be
alwaies
in
Armes
.
These
two
Republikes
cannot
make
better
alliance
for
their
subsistence
then
with
France
,
who
(
to
oppose
Spaine
)
does
enrich
the
Suisses
with
her
money
,
and
supports
the
Hollanders
with
her
Counsell
and
Armes
.
These
two
Powers
should
neuer
be
diuided
betwixt
themselues
,
either
through
iealousie
,
or
Religion
,
since
these
are
the
sole
maladies
that
may
extinguish
them
.
OF
THE
INTEREST
,
OF
ENGLAND
.
ENgland
which
is
as
a
little
world
apart
,
had
not
any
thing
to
doe
with
other
Princes
,
but
onely
so
far
as
the
necessitie
of
commerce
did
oblige
her
,
which
was
then
her
true
interest
.
For
thereby
shee
gained
great
riches
,
which
together
with
her
situation
,
haue
made
her
of
very
great
account
.
But
since
that
vnder
the
shadow
of
that
misterious
mariage
betweene
PHILIP
and
MARIE
,
the
practises
of
Spaine
are
insensibly
slipped
in
,
England
(
which
before
had
maximes
conformable
to
her
owne
selfe
)
is
by
litle
and
litle
accommodated
sometimes
to
the
interest
of
France
and
sometimes
to
the
interest
of
Spaine
.
Queene
ELIZABETH
(
who
by
her
prudent
gouernment
has
equall'd
the
greatest
Kings
of
Christendome
)
shee
knowing
well
the
disposition
of
her
State
,
beleeued
that
the
true
interest
thereof
consisted
,
First
in
holding
a
firme
vnion
in
it selfe
,
atcheiuing
to
smother
the
reliques
of
precedent
factions
,
deeming
(
as
it
is
most
true
)
that
England
is
a
mightie
Animal
,
which
can
neuer
dye
except
it
kill
it selfe
.
Shee
grounded
this
fundamentall
maxime
,
to
banish
thence
the
exercise
of
the
Romane
Religion
,
as
the
onely
meanes
to
breake
all
the
plots
of
the
Spaniards
,
who
vnder
this
pretext
,
did
there
foment
Rebellion
.
And
allthough
shee
professed
her selfe
very
much
obliged
to
Philip
,
towards
whom
shee
bare
euer
a
speciall
regard
,
neuerthelesse
shee
had
so
carefull
a
consideration
of
the
interest
of
her
State
,
that
shee
beleeued
it
was
neuer
fitt
to
conclude
a
peace
with
him
,
for
three
very
euident
reasons
.
The
first
was
,
for
to
weaken
the
power
that
shee
suspected
in
the
Indies
:
The
second
,
for
to
enrich
her
Realme
by
depredations
:
The
third
,
thereby
to
make
her
Subjects
warlike
,
and
keep
them
in
perpetuall
exercise
for
Sea-fight
,
which
is
the
defence
of
the
Kingdome
.
Shee
beleeued
that
the
interest
of
her
Estate
was
,
to
aide
France
,
and
releeue
it
,
least
that
by
the
fall
thereof
shee
suffer
those
to
waxe
great
,
from
whom
shee
had
cause
to
defend
her selfe
.
By
the
same
maxime
,
Shee
supported
the
springing
libertie
of
the
Vnited-Prouinces
,
whose
protection
against
the
puissance
of
Spaine
,
is
one
of
the
principall
points
of
Englands
interest
,
as
well
because
shee
thereby
weakens
a
too
powerfull
Neighbour
:
as
for
that
Protection
serues
sometimes
for
a
step
to
reach
some
higher
matter
.
Shee
held
most
strait
intelligences
with
the
Protestants
of
France
,
for
reasons
alltogether
peculiar
to
England
.
Shee
did
the
same
(
though
for
other
respects
)
with
the
Protestants
of
Germanie
.
By
all
these
maximes
this
wise
Princesse
has
very
well
made
knowne
to
her
Successours
,
that
besides
the
Interest
which
the
King
of
England
has
common
with
all
Princes
,
he
has
yet
one
particular
,
which
is
,
that
He
ought
throughly
to
acquire
the
aduācement
of
the
Protestant
Religion
,
euen
with
as
much
zeale
as
the
King
of
Spaine
appeares
Protectour
of
the
Catholike
.
For
this
effect
,
England
should
haue
intelligences
throughout
,
where
soeuer
it
is
fitting
,
and
take
part
in
all
the
Treaties
that
are
made
with
Protestant
Princes
.
Shee
should
likewise
be
allwaies
armed
,
to
become
thereby
considerable
.
Here
is
the
true
interest
of
England
,
which
being
well
followed
will
establish
a
third
Puissance
in
Christendome
.
THE
SECOND
PART
OF
THE
INTEREST
OF
THE
PRINCES
AND
STATES
of
Christendome
.
AFTER
the
stablishing
of
the
true
interest
of
each
Prince
and
State
,
it
ought
to
be
made
appeare
by
the
recitall
of
the
principall
affaires
agitated
in
Christendome
for
the
space
of
fifth
yeares
past
,
how
the
ill
successes
that
haue
therein
happened
,
proceeded
not
from
any
other
cause
then
the
neglecting
of
the
said
interest
.
For
to
teach
vs
that
in
matter
of
State
one
ought
not
to
suffer
himselfe
to
be
led
by
inordinate
desires
,
which
carrie
vs
oftentimes
to
vndertake
things
beyond
our
strength
:
nor
by
violent
passions
which
doe
diuersly
trouble
vs
,
according
as
wee
are
possessed
therewith
:
nor
by
superstitious
opinions
,
whereby
ill-conceiued
scruples
are
ministred
vnto
vs
,
but
rather
by
our
proper
interest
guided
by
reason
alōe
,
which
ought
to
be
the
rule
of
our
actions
,
to
the
end
that
by
such
examples
,
wee
seeing
(
as
in
a
mirrour
)
the
faultes
of
others
,
may
thereby
benefit
our selues
.
THE
FIRST
DISCOVRSE
VPON
THE
AFFAIRE
of
the
League
.
VNDER
the
Raignes
of
Francis
the
second
and
Charles
the
ninth
,
France
was
exceedingly
molested
with
ciuill
warres
,
the
youth
of
these
two
Princes
was
the
principall
cause
thereof
.
Each
would
haue
the
managing
of
affaires
.
A
contestation
was
betwixt
Queene
Catherine
their
mother
,
and
the
Princes
of
the
blood
,
and
vnder
them
,
the
houses
wich
had
most
power
,
were
those
of
Guise
and
Montmorancy
,
which
had
quietly
ruled
Henry
the
second
their
Father
.
Francis
of
Lorraine
Duke
of
Guise
bore
the
partie
of
Catherine
.
Annas
Duke
of
Montmorancy
tooke
part
with
the
Princes
of
the
blood
.
Likewise
there
was
amongst
them
difference
of
Religion
.
The
warres
about
Religion
were
great
and
bloodie
,
and
lasted
euen
to
the
death
of
Charles
the
ninth
,
and
his
brother
Henry
the
third
succeeded
him
.
He
was
of
age
capable
to
gouerne
,
he
had
goodly
qualities
,
and
gaue
hopes
of
a
happy
Reigne
.
At
his
comming
to
the
Crowne
Henry
testified
a
desire
to
lead
a
peaceable
life
,
but
it
was
rather
for
to
plunge
himselfe
in
idlenesse
and
pleasures
,
then
to
reigne
well
.
Henry
Duke
of
Guise
(
sonne
of
Francis
)
a
Prince
endowed
with
great
qualities
,
and
full
of
loftie
thoughts
,
seeing
the
King
and
his
Brother
without
children
,
and
the
first
Princes
of
the
blood
to
make
profession
of
the
Protestant
Religion
,
is
bold
to
aspire
vnto
the
Royaltie
,
and
to
gett
thither
,
makes
himselfe
Protecteur
of
the
Catholikes
,
and
the
Persecutour
of
the
Protestants
,
against
whom
he
stirred
vp
diuers
warres
.
Henry
of
Bourbon
,
King
of
Nauarre
,
first
Prince
of
the
blood
,
Chief
of
the
Protestant
partie
and
a
Prince
adorned
with
an
heroïque
vertue
,
successfully
waged
diuers
warres
in
fauour
of
the
Protestants
.
Here
be
three
Henry's
,
Chiefs
of
three
seueral
parties
in
France
,
who
haue
euery
one
their
interest
.
The
King
to
maintaine
his
lawfull
authoritie
.
The
Duke
of
Guise
to
possesse
the
Kings
place
,
and
the
King
of
Nauarre
to
hinder
the
King
of
France
his
ruine
,
which
was
indeed
his
owne
,
and
of
his
partie
which
made
him
subsist
in
reputation
.
The
first
of
these
through
weakenesse
lets
himselfe
be
induced
to
make
warre
vpon
the
King
of
Nauarre
.
The
second
makes
himselfe
Head
of
the
Catholike
partie
.
The
third
becomes
Protectour
of
the
Protestants
.
So
that
as
he
who
ought
to
haue
commaunded
others
,
is
very
happie
to
haue
place
onely
in
the
partie
of
the
Duke
of
Guise
,
who
therein
came
so
farre
with
him
,
that
when
he
was
kill'd
in
the
yeare
1588.
he
was
vpon
the
point
to
make
him
be
declared
to
the
States
of
the
Realme
,
incapable
to
reigne
,
and
the
Princes
of
the
blood
to
succeed
him
.
Philipp
King
of
Spaine
,
who
had
allwaies
an
eye
open
to
his
great
designe
,
foments
this
businesse
,
fauours
the
Duke
of
Guise
at
Rome
,
helps
him
with
money
in
France
,
le
ts
him
not
want
for
any
thing
,
and
euen
after
his
death
continues
his
assistance
to
his
Brother
Charles
Duke
of
Mayne
.
The
King
seeing
himselfe
abandonn'd
of
all
the
great
Townes
of
his
Realme
,
and
of
the
most
part
of
his
Nobilitie
,
casts
himselfe
into
the
armes
of
the
King
of
Nauarre
,
who
by
his
assistance
retireth
him
almost
from
the
hands
of
his
enemies
,
which
held
him
besieged
within
Tours
,
he
brings
him
as
triumphant
,
before
his
Capitall
Cittie
of
Paris
,
where
by
the
stab
of
a
knife
he
dyed
and
left
the
Kingdome
to
the
King
of
Nauarre
,
in
the
yeare
1589.
This
Prince
seeing
himselfe
eleuated
to
so
high
a
dignitie
,
was
inuited
by
the
change
of
his
condition
to
make
change
of
his
interest
,
and
quitting
that
which
he
had
held
euen
till
then
,
he
embraced
that
of
France
.
He
had
great
oppositions
caused
by
Philip
,
as
well
by
his
practises
at
Rome
,
as
by
his
assistance
to
the
League
of
France
,
allwaies
vnder
pretext
of
his
great
zeale
for
the
Catholike
Religion
.
During
the
time
that
Henry
is
a
Protestant
,
Philip
maintaines
that
he
cannot
reigne
,
causeth
him
to
be
excommunicated
,
his
Subjects
to
be
dispensed
from
the
oath
of
allegeance
,
setteth
his
kingdome
in
prey
,
that
by
this
meanes
he
might
gett
it
as
easily
as
Ferdinand
got
the
Kingdome
of
Nauarre
from
his
Predecessour
.
When
he
giues
hope
to
turne
Catholike
,
Philip
declareth
that
he
is
an
Hypocrite
,
and
that
hauing
beene
relapsed
,
he
can
neuer
lawfully
reigne
,
he
aideth
his
enemies
with
money
and
armes
sufficient
to
weaken
both
parties
,
but
not
to
ruine
the
one
in
such
sort
,
as
that
the
other
might
subsist
without
him
,
willing
to
wearie
them
whom
he
maintained
,
to
the
end
that
they
should
be
constrained
to
giue
themselues
vp
to
him
.
Henry
on
his
part
shewes
vnto
Queene
ELIZABETH
,
and
the
Vnited
Prouinces
,
with
the
Protestants
of
Germanie
and
the
Swisses
,
what
interest
they
had
all
in
the
cause
,
He
receiued
great
assistance
from
them
all
,
and
euen
secretly
from
Ferdinand
great
Duke
of
Tuscanie
,
a
Prince
of
great
vnderstanding
,
and
who
judged
that
the
acquisition
of
France
to
the
King
of
Spaine
,
was
to
subject
all
the
other
Princes
.
But
the
Republike
of
Venice
onely
amongst
all
the
Catholike
States
,
did
without
delay
acknowledge
him
King
of
France
,
after
the
death
of
his
Predecessour
.
So
wellas
with
all
these
aides
,
and
his
owne
valour
,
he
resisted
in
the
very
beginning
,
and
afterwards
hauing
obtained
diuers
victories
,
and
his
affaires
beginning
to
prosper
,
he
was
considered
as
a
great
Prince
.
From
thence
forward
the
People
wearie
of
their
miseries
,
beganne
to
disabuse
themselues
,
and
to
giue
no
more
such
credence
as
they
had
done
,
to
their
Preachers
:
the
Nobilitie
to
thinke
vpon
the
side
that
prosper'd
:
the
Gouernours
of
Townes
to
assure
their
affaires
with
the
strongest
:
and
the
Principalls
of
the
partie
to
conserue
what
dignitie
soeuer
they
had
beene
raised
vnto
.
All
these
commotions
caused
the
Leaguers
to
assemble
the
States
.
Philip
takes
occasion
from
such
an
extremitie
,
for
to
perswade
them
,
that
the
onely
remedie
to
restablish
their
affaires
was
to
choose
a
King
,
and
offers
his
daughter
to
him
whom
they
chose
.
This
was
the
apple
of
discord
.
The
Duke
of
Mayne
,
principall
Commaunder
,
could
not
pretend
to
haue
her
,
he
being
allreadie
married
,
nor
would
suffer
that
another
should
,
lest
himselfe
from
being
Master
,
should
become
a
Seruant
.
His
Nephew
the
Duke
of
Guise
was
inticed
with
this
daintie
bit
.
The
Duke
of
Nemours
his
Vnkle
had
as
good
an
appetite
as
he
.
The
Duke
of
Mercueur
pretended
the
Dutchie
of
Britanie
to
belong
to
him
by
his
Wife
.
The
eldest
sonne
of
the
Duke
of
Lorraine
,
as
head
of
the
familie
,
was
also
mentioned
.
So
that
Philip
thought
by
this
discord
to
draw
them
to
make
choice
of
him
.
While
these
things
were
a
doing
,
Henry
turnes
Catholike
.
This
change
made
some
of
the
principall
Townes
and
Gouernours
to
declare
themselues
on
his
parte
,
and
the
other
beganne
to
treate
in
the
Court
of
Rome
.
Philip
neglects
nothing
(
no
more
then
the
chiefest
Leaguers
)
for
to
impeache
that
Henry
be
not
acknowledged
a
good
Catholike
,
and
a
long
time
hindered
his
Ambassadour
from
hauing
Audience
.
At
the
length
Clement
VIII
.
(
then
Pope
)
seeing
well
that
he
was
establishing
himselfe
without
him
,
resolued
to
graunt
that
which
he
could
not
hinder
,
and
to
acknowledge
him
for
King
,
it
being
à
maxime
of
Rome
,
to
gouerne
according
to
euents
,
to
the
end
that
shee
loose
not
that
reuerence
and
respect
,
which
Shee
endeauours
throughly
to
preserue
,
and
without
which
her
autoritie
would
be
but
a
small
matter
.
Philip
fallen
from
such
an
hope
,
continues
his
assistance
neuerthelesse
to
the
residue
of
the
Leaguers
,
Besides
he
inciteth
Emanuel
Duke
of
Sauoy
(
at
that
time
his
sonne-in-law
)
to
set
vpon
Prouence
,
thereby
to
diuert
him
from
the
pursuite
of
his
claime
to
the
Dutchie
of
Milaine
in
right
of
his
wife's
dowrie
.
Henry
seeing
this
obstinacie
,
declares
himselfe
openly
,
and
denounceth
warre
against
Philip.
The
successe
thereof
was
various
,
and
yet
after
the
recouerie
of
Amiens
by
Henry
,
Philip
seeing
himselfe
very
neere
his
graue
,
his
Sonne
yong
,
and
Henry
in
the
vigour
of
his
age
,
he
resolued
on
a
peace
,
which
was
concluded
at
Veruins
,
the
yeare
1597.
wherein
he
restoreth
all
that
he
held
of
France
,
and
then
died
.
It
behooueth
now
to
consider
the
interest
of
the
Princes
inueloped
in
this
affaire
,
what
faultes
they
therein
committed
,
and
what
were
the
euents
thereof
.
Henry
the
third
,
whose
interest
consisted
,
in
not
suffering
diuerse
factions
in
his
Kingdome
,
in
preseruing
the
Princes
of
the
blood
since
he
had
noe
children
of
his
owne
and
in
keeping
vnder
those
which
lifted
vp
themselues
to
the
prejudice
of
his
Royall
authoritie
,
yet
he
did
quite
contrarie
.
For
he
fomented
the
said
factions
in
stead
of
extinguishing
them
,
and
euen
joined
with
the
one
to
destroy
the
other
.
He
made
continuall
warre
vpon
the
Princes
of
the
blood
,
at
the
persuasion
of
those
who
desired
to
see
their
ruine
for
to
raise
themselues
in
their
places
,
and
he
authorized
in
the
commaund
of
his
armies
those
that
aspired
to
the
vsurpation
of
his
Kingdome
.
He
did
yet
worse
,
for
when
he
beganne
to
perceiue
their
plot
,
he
would
preuent
it
by
a
remedie
which
wrought
his
owne
destruction
,
to
wit
,
by
casting
himselfe
into
an
affected
and
vnusuall
deuotion
,
not
stirring
from
the
Cloisters
of
Monkes
,
thinking
by
this
meanes
to
take
from
the
Duke
of
Guise
the
credit
that
he
had
gotten
amongst
the
Catholickes
,
who
held
him
for
their
Chief
.
But
there
arriued
the
contrarie
,
for
he
became
contemptible
to
his
people
,
who
chased
him
from
his
capitall
citie
of
Paris
,
and
all
the
great
Townes
of
his
Kingdome
reuolted
from
him
,
they
also
reduced
him
to
such
a
pitifull
case
,
that
in
the
end
a
Monke
had
the
boldnesse
to
kill
him
,
which
was
the
fruite
of
his
negligence
and
ill
conduct
.
Henry
Duke
of
Guise
succeeding
a
Father
and
and
Vnkle
,
both
great
personages
,
and
who
had
had
in
the
precedent
Reignes
great
part
in
the
commaund
of
Armies
,
in
the
conduct
of
affaires
,
and
he
thinking
himselfe
no
whit
inferiour
to
them
neither
in
courage
nor
in
vertue
,
conceiues
the
most
haughtie
designe
that
a
man
(
borne
the
Subiect
of
a
Prince
)
could
vndertake
,
that
is
,
to
vsurpe
the
place
of
his
Souueraigne
.
The
occasion
seemes
most
fauourable
to
him
.
He
has
already
this
aduantage
of
gaining
by
the
labour
of
his
Father
,
it
being
a
thing
most
difficult
,
that
the
life
of
one
man
alone
should
be
able
to
worke
such
a
change
.
He
incountereth
a
King
without
children
,
and
of
the
humour
of
those
,
vnder
whom
such
projects
might
be
attempted
.
He
findeth
a
Kingdome
rent
by
factions
,
and
assaulted
with
the
most
dangerous
of
all
Ciuill
warres
,
which
was
for
the
difference
of
Religion
.
He
sees
the
first
Princes
of
the
blood
in
the
weakest
faction
,
the
King
of
Spaine
readie
to
assist
all
those
that
trouble
France
,
and
the
Popes
interessed
euery
way
to
persecute
the
Protestants
.
The
matter
standing
thus
,
he
(
full
of
hopes
)
neglecteth
nothing
to
accomplish
his
designe
.
He
was
a
goodly
man
,
gracefull
,
courteous
,
liberall
,
and
valiant
.
He
imployes
all
these
gifts
of
nature
to
insinuate
himselfe
amongst
the
Nobilitie
,
Gentrie
and
Commonaltie
.
He
shewes
himselfe
very
zealous
of
the
Catholike
Religion
,
not
by
haunting
the
Cloisters
,
and
walking
thorough
the
streets
in
Procession
:
but
by
persecuting
the
Protestants
,
and
declaring
himselfe
their
mortall
Ennemie
.
He
maintaines
his
intelligences
at
Rome
and
in
Spaine
allwaies
vnder
the
pretence
of
Religion
.
He
workes
the
Preachers
to
set
him
in
veneration
amongst
the
People
,
and
to
make
the
King
be
declared
a
fauorour
of
Heretickes
,
hypocriticall
,
vicious
,
and
idle
.
So
as
by
such
meanes
he
had
eleuated
his
designe
euen
to
the
last
step
,
when
vpon
the
very
point
of
execution
,
he
was
grossely
wanting
,
both
to
his
interest
,
and
to
his
owne
selfe
,
which
was
in
this
,
that
after
hauing
chased
his
King
from
his
chiefe
Citie
,
leuied
armes
against
him
,
made
publike
declarations
thereof
,
and
then
made
peace
with
him
as
with
his
equall
,
yet
euen
then
he
intrusted
his
life
to
him
,
when
he
would
haue
made
him
be
deposed
▪
his
businesse
being
not
of
that
sort
,
as
it
might
be
permitted
to
faile
twice
.
Henry
the
fourth
had
two
parts
to
act
.
For
whilst
he
was
onely
King
of
Nauarre
,
first
Prince
of
the
blood
,
and
Protectour
of
the
Protestants
of
France
,
his
interest
was
,
to
imploy
all
his
industrie
and
credit
,
both
within
and
without
the
Kingdome
,
to
defend
the
said
Protestants
,
to
the
end
that
they
might
defend
him
.
For
which
purpose
,
he
did
what
he
could
to
hinder
the
Duke
of
Guise
from
seising
the
Crowne
,
whereunto
he
had
interest
as
presumptiue
heire
thereof
,
and
to
make
himselfe
knowne
to
Henry
the
third
,
not
onely
in
qualitie
of
Chief
of
the
Protestants
,
but
also
as
first
Prince
of
the
blood
,
to
whom
the
interest
of
preseruing
the
Kings
personne
and
Estate
,
was
as
deere
to
him
as
himselfe
,
to
the
end
that
at
his
need
he
should
make
noe
scruple
to
haue
recourse
vnto
him
.
Which
succeeded
so
well
with
him
,
that
after
the
Duke
of
Guise
his
death
and
the
reuolt
of
his
Kingdome
,
he
had
not
a
more
assured
refuge
then
to
put
himselfe
into
his
hands
.
When
he
was
King
of
France
,
there
behooued
a
great
dexteritie
to
demeane
himselfe
discreetly
both
towards
the
Catholikes
,
and
the
Protestants
,
incensed
one
against
the
other
by
so
long
and
bloody
Ciuill
warres
.
These
gloried
in
hauing
a
King
of
their
Religion
:
but
those
could
not
endure
the
same
,
and
threatned
to
abandon
him
,
if
he
did
not
turne
to
theirs
.
His
businesse
now
was
,
to
preserue
his
old
friends
,
and
not
to
loose
the
new
.
He
promises
the
one
not
to
refuse
instruction
:
and
continues
with
the
other
,
in
the
exercise
of
his
Religion
.
In
the
meane
while
,
he
serues
his
owne
turne
of
both
together
,
to
fight
against
his
ennemies
.
In
the
tediousnesse
of
these
warres
,
euery
man
was
wearied
,
Many
of
the
Leaguers
like
not
a
Spanish
King
,
but
yet
they
would
not
haue
a
Protestant
King
.
The
Catholikes
that
serued
Henry
,
growing
impatient
to
see
him
continue
in
this
Religion
,
presse
him
to
embrace
theirs
,
and
come
so
farre
as
to
make
a
third
part
against
him
.
These
considerations
made
him
resolue
at
length
to
turne
his
Religion
.
And
by
this
meanes
he
kept
the
Catholikes
that
followed
him
,
thereby
also
he
gained
newe
ones
from
the
partie
of
the
Leaguers
,
and
he
lost
not
the
Protestants
,
who
he
well
knew
could
neuer
be
taken
in
the
number
of
his
enemies
,
without
destroying
the
pretext
of
Religion
which
alone
maintained
them
.
So
as
that
this
Prince
complying
with
the
time
,
knew
how
to
take
his
aduantages
so
fitly
,
that
he
had
good
successe
in
his
affaires
.
Philipp
who
had
a
designe
to
the
Christian
Monarchie
,
and
imagining
that
the
maine
obstacle
which
he
should
therein
meet
with
,
was
the
puissance
of
France
,
he
embraces
the
occasion
offer'd
vnto
him
for
to
ruine
the
same
.
He
aptly
serues
his
purpose
by
the
ill
gouernment
of
the
King
,
and
by
the
ambition
of
the
Duke
of
Guise
.
He
inciteth
the
first
to
expell
the
Protestants
out
of
his
Kingdome
by
which
way
so
euer
,
giueth
him
his
owne
example
,
offereth
him
his
assistance
,
publisheth
his
great
zeale
at
Rome
,
exhorts
the
Pope
to
ioyne
with
him
in
such
a
pursuite
:
On
the
other
side
,
he
vnderhand
exciteth
the
second
to
continue
courageously
his
designe
,
assists
him
with
money
and
Counsell
.
And
by
such
deuises
he
makes
himselfe
esteemed
in
France
,
as
the
chiefest
prop
of
their
Religion
.
He
makes
a
diuision
betwixt
the
King
and
the
Protestants
of
Europe
,
he
authoriseth
the
Duke
of
Guise
amongst
the
Catholikes
of
France
,
he
incenceth
the
people
against
the
Princes
of
the
blood
,
and
remoueth
(
so
much
as
he
can
)
the
the
children
of
the
Familie
from
the
gouernment
of
the
Realme
,
for
to
introduce
Strangers
there
.
No
other
consideration
diuerteth
him
from
his
profound
designe
,
he
holds
that
allwaies
couered
vnder
the
vaile
of
Pietie
,
and
of
his
great
zeale
to
the
Catholike
Religion
.
He
trauelles
there
step
by
step
without
being
impatient
through
the
length
of
the
way
,
or
precipitated
through
any
accident
.
After
the
Duke
of
Guise
his
death
,
in
stead
of
leauing
off
the
worke
,
he
became
more
resolute
.
He
assists
his
Brother
and
the
whole
partie
so
much
the
more
vigorously
,
as
he
beleeued
there
was
more
need
,
and
euen
thought
assuredly
,
that
it
would
be
more
easie
for
him
now
to
make
an
aduantageous
gaine
thereby
,
then
in
the
life
time
of
the
said
Duke
.
Because
that
the
whole
faction
hauing
more
need
of
him
,
he
could
more
easily
reduce
them
to
his
owne
will
.
In
so
much
as
he
aduanced
the
businesse
so
forward
,
that
the
Kingdome
of
France
escaped
not
his
hands
,
but
by
miracle
.
And
if
he
had
beene
content
onely
to
dissipate
it
,
in
stead
of
getting
it
intirely
,
he
had
therein
obtain'd
his
ends
.
And
this
is
the
onely
fault
that
he
committed
against
his
interest
in
this
Affaire
.
For
had
he
considered
the
affection
this
Nation
beares
towards
her
Kings
,
the
detestation
shee
has
of
the
Spanish
dominion
,
besides
her
naturall
sicklenesse
,
as
also
the
reputation
of
the
clemencie
of
Henry
IIII.
he
would
not
haue
beene
so
obstinate
as
to
goe
about
to
surmount
things
impossible
,
and
would
haue
contented
himselfe
to
part
the
Realme
among
seuerall
personnes
.
And
aftewards
vpon
the
differences
that
are
wont
to
happen
betweene
vsurpers
,
it
would
haue
beene
farre
more
easie
for
him
to
gett
by
peece-meale
,
what
he
would
haue
carried
all
at
once
.
Howsoeuer
it
would
haue
beene
a
gaine
great
enough
to
him
,
to
diuide
this
mightie
Kingdome
,
the
which
being
Vnited
,
does
euery
where
impeach
the
amplification
of
Spaine
.
THE
SECOND
DISCOVRSE
VPON
THE
WARRE
OF
SAVOY
.
IT
seemed
that
the
Peace
of
Veruins
had
restabished
a
solid
tranquillitie
to
Christendome
,
and
that
these
two
mightie
Powers
of
France
and
Spaine
wearied
of
troubling
each
other
,
had
beene
glad
to
tast
of
rest
.
But
as
it
is
ordinarie
,
that
in
all
accords
which
are
made
between
Princes
and
Soueraigne
States
,
there
men
leaue
vndecided
the
Claimes
about
Which
they
cannot
agree
:
So
likewise
in
this
Peace
,
the
restitution
of
the
Marquisate
of
Saluces
was
remitted
to
another
season
,
in
such
wise
as
Henry
,
afther
hauing
imployed
some
yeares
to
setle
againe
the
affaires
of
his
Realme
in
good
order
,
he
resolued
to
question
the
Duke
of
Sauoy
,
for
the
inuasion
of
the
said
Marquisate
,
insomuch
as
he
made
him
plainly
vnderstand
that
he
would
haue
it
restored
.
This
peece
(
although
little
)
is
of
very
great
importance
.
It
is
the
Port
of
Italie
whereby
the
French
might
passe
,
either
to
assault
,
or
succour
it
.
Those
that
feared
their
power
,
had
reason
to
withstand
the
designe
of
Henry
,
but
those
that
feared
any
other
,
fauoured
him
.
So
the
interests
of
Italie
were
diuided
.
Emanuel
Duke
of
Sauoy
(
as
the
most
interessed
of
all
in
the
businesse
)
vses
all
meanes
to
diuert
this
Tempest
.
He
solliciteth
the
King
of
Spaine
,
not
to
forsake
him
,
and
gaineth
the
Popes
Nephew
,
Cardinal
Aldobrandin
,
to
procure
the
Popes
fauour
.
But
being
exceedingly
confident
of
his
dexteritie
and
adresse
,
he
resolued
to
goe
into
France
,
to
the
end
that
vnder
the
pretence
of
treating
this
affaire
,
he
might
gaine
some
of
the
principall
Ministers
of
Henry
,
and
raise
a
broile
within
the
Kingdome
,
herein
he
was
at
great
cost
,
and
vsed
such
sleights
,
that
he
failed
but
very
little
of
his
purpose
.
Neuerthelesse
being
too
confident
of
a
thing
vncertaine
,
and
hauing
too
much
neglected
the
meanes
of
his
true
assurance
,
he
became
so
surprised
,
that
within
three
Moneths
he
was
dispoyled
of
all
Bresse
and
Sauoy
.
This
rude
beginning
awak'd
him
.
He
continues
his
practises
in
France
,
he
hasteth
the
succour
of
Spaine
,
and
seekes
the
intercession
of
the
Pope
,
who
to
this
effect
sendeth
the
Cardinall
Aldobrandin
towards
Henry
for
to
treate
the
same
.
In
the
meane
while
euery
one
armeth
,
some
to
assault
Piemont
,
others
to
defend
it
.
but
the
mediation
of
the
Peace
was
the
strongest
.
For
it
was
concluded
in
the
yeare
1600.
wherein
Sauoy
was
render'd
to
the
Duke
,
and
Bresse
remained
to
Henry
for
exchange
of
the
Marquisdome
of
Saluces
.
That
which
made
Henry
commit
this
errour
against
his
interest
,
was
the
desire
he
had
to
tast
of
repose
,
it
being
a
thing
certaine
that
a
man
ordinarily
flatters
himselfe
in
that
whereunto
his
fancie
carries
him
.
This
Prince
naturally
loued
his
pleasures
,
and
the
necessitie
of
his
affaires
allwaies
engaged
him
to
labour
;
So
as
now
seeing
himselfe
at
peace
in
his
Relme
,
and
beleeuing
he
had
done
enough
for
his
honour
,
he
chose
rather
to
take
a
recompence
for
the
said
Marquisate
,
then
to
imbarke
himselfe
in
a
long
warre
.
This
Peace
touched
Ferdinand
great
Duke
of
Tuscanie
so
much
to
the
heart
,
(
for
the
prejudice
that
it
brought
to
the
libertie
of
the
Princes
of
the
Italie
)
that
he
offered
to
breake
it
,
by
the
meanes
of
200000.
crownes
,
wherewith
He
and
the
States
of
Venice
should
furnish
the
Cardinall
Aldobrandin
.
But
Henry
would
not
hearken
to
it
.
In
this
affaire
,
and
the
sequele
thereof
,
there
are
two
things
remarkable
.
Viz.
The
losse
which
France
hath
sustained
by
leauing
the
Marquisate
of
Saluces
:
and
the
aduantage
that
one
gets
by
gaining
the
Nephewes
of
the
Pope
.
By
the
first
,
the
French-man
has
lost
all
credit
in
the
affaires
of
Italie
,
and
the
Spaniard
remaines
Master
there
,
hauing
noe
more
to
contradict
him
.
And
by
the
second
,
as
it
is
a
thing
well
knowne
that
the
approbation
of
the
Pope
(
on
the
Catholike
partie
)
is
of
great
consequence
:
So
likewise
is
it
certaine
,
that
to
acquire
the
same
,
one
must
gaine
his
Nephewes
,
who
cannot
be
wonne
but
by
readie
and
reall
benefits
.
For
the
establishment
of
their
house
being
founded
vpon
the
life
of
their
Vnkle
,
who
is
commonly
old
,
they
will
not
wast
the
time
in
vaine
.
So
as
he
that
does
most
readily
gratifie
them
,
carries
them
on
his
side
.
Whence
I
conclude
,
that
the
true
interest
of
the
Spaniard
is
,
to
hinder
the
entrance
of
the
French
into
Italie
,
to
the
end
that
he
haue
not
there
any
opposition
.
The
true
interest
of
the
French-man
is
to
haue
there
one
Port
open
,
thereby
to
maintaine
his
reputation
,
and
to
share
in
the
affaires
,
with
the
Spaniard
.
And
the
true
interest
of
the
Italians
is
,
throughly
to
expell
all
Strangers
out
of
Italie
,
but
not
being
able
to
doe
the
same
,
their
interest
is
,
to
conserue
their
libertie
by
the
counterpoise
of
these
two
Powers
,
of
France
and
Spaine
.
THE
THIRD
DISCOVRSE
VPON
THE
DIFFERENCE
that
happened
between
Pope
Paul
V.
and
the
Republike
of
Venice
,
the
yeare
1605.
SINCE
the
Sea
of
Rome
seemes
eleuated
to
that
high
point
of
Majestie
,
wherein
wee
behold
it
at
this
present
,
it
is
certaine
that
it
had
designes
proportioned
to
its
greatnesse
,
which
haue
appear'd
sometimes
more
,
sometimes
lesse
,
according
to
the
Nature
of
those
who
enjoyed
the
Popedome
.
For
those
Popes
that
were
endued
with
sufficient
wisedome
to
sustaine
the
weight
of
such
a
greatnesse
,
haue
allwaies
much
indeauoured
to
make
some
progression
for
to
approach
this
marke
.
But
neuerthelesse
they
haue
so
cunninghy
dissembled
their
enterprise
,
that
from
thence
there
is
not
arriued
any
scandall
vnto
Christendome
,
nor
any
dishonour
to
the
Church
:
Some
others
thrust
on
by
an
inconsiderate
zeale
,
or
inflamed
with
a
desire
to
get
themselues
a
name
to
posteritie
,
or
else
hurried
by
the
violence
of
their
passions
,
are
come
so
farre
therein
as
to
discouer
this
mysterie
of
the
Romane
Hierarchie
,
which
by
all
reason
of
prudence
and
wise
gouernment
should
not
haue
beene
reuealed
,
till
after
it
were
accomplish'd
.
Of
the
number
of
these
last
was
Pope
Paul
V.
who
euen
from
the
beginning
of
his
Papacie
,
blaming
the
moderation
of
his
Predecessours
,
resolu'd
himselfe
to
take
a
contrarie
course
,
and
to
doe
that
(
during
his
life
,
and
out
of
season
)
which
could
not
be
brought
to
an
end
in
many
ages
,
nor
by
a
long
succession
of
fauorable
occasions
.
But
for
as
much
as
our
intensions
remaine
liuelesse
,
when
they
haue
an
object
whereunto
they
cannot
attaine
.
Paul
considering
that
he
should
not
haue
to
deale
with
Kings
so
easily
as
with
Common-wealthes
,
(
which
being
gouerned
as
by
priuate
personnes
,
seeme
to
haue
lesse
power
,
because
they
haue
lesse
luster
,
)
he
determin'd
for
this
effect
to
beginne
by
them
.
He
quarelled
first
of
all
those
of
Luca
and
Genoa
,
and
made
them
obey
,
either
by
triumphing
vpon
their
weakenesse
,
or
by
interessing
himselfe
in
the
differences
of
particular
personnes
,
who
had
receiued
,
or
hoped
to
receiue
some
aduancement
by
the
Court
of
Rome
.
But
not
being
content
with
this
,
he
would
set
vpon
the
Republike
of
Venice
,
concerning
whom
the
Sea
of
Rome
makes
shew
,
not
to
haue
had
(
for
certaine
time
)
the
satisfaction
from
thence
,
which
shee
did
expect
,
for
two
principall
reasons
.
The
first
because
shee
excluded
all
Ecclesiasticall
personnes
from
the
participation
of
her
gouernment
.
The
second
because
shee
gaue
not
any
pension
to
the
Court
of
Rome
.
The
Pope
was
diligent
to
find
a
plausible
ground
to
make
this
Common
wealth
feele
the
effects
of
his
indignation
,
when
in
the
yeare
1605.
There
was
presented
such
an
occasion
as
he
desired
.
An
Abbot
,
and
a
Canon
(
after
many
scandalls
committed
)
were
accused
of
hainous
crimes
,
and
brought
to
Venice
,
where
they
were
imprisonned
.
Much
about
the
same
time
there
,
the
Republike
renewed
two
ancient
Lawes
,
for
to
make
the
same
obserued
in
all
places
of
her
dominion
.
The
one
forbidding
that
any
e●cular
goods
should
be
alienated
to
Ecclesiasticall
personnes
:
The
other
,
whereby
it
was
prohibited
to
build
any
Church
without
the
permission
of
the
Senate
.
Paul
became
offended
thereat
,
and
said
:
he
might
not
endure
that
Ecclesiasticall
men
should
be
iudged
by
secular
Authoritie
,
for
any
crime
whatsoeuer
,
and
that
it
belonged
to
him
alone
to
condemne
,
or
absolue
them
,
according
as
it
should
seeme
good
vnto
him
.
As
for
the
two
Lawes
,
he
said
:
they
could
not
subsist
,
being
contrarie
to
the
Councells
and
Imperiall
Constitutions
.
The
Venetians
after
mature
deliberation
vpon
the
matter
(
hauing
weighed
on
the
one
side
the
indignation
of
the
Pope
,
and
on
the
other
side
the
Common
libertie
)
answered
;
That
they
might
not
deliuer
the
Church-men
iustly
imprisoned
:
nor
abolish
the
Lawes
iustly
established
,
without
preiudice
to
the
libertie
which
God
had
giuen
them
,
and
which
they
had
maintained
for
so
many
ages
,
by
the
blood
of
their
Predecessours
That
their
State
hauing
prospered
by
such
Lawes
,
they
thought
they
could
not
change
them
without
incurring
an
euerlasting
brand
of
infamie
to
all
postcritie
.
The
Pope
growes
more
and
more
obstinate
,
and
takes
a
firme
resolution
to
make
them
obey
.
The
Venetians
endeauour
by
all
manner
of
meanes
to
order
the
matter
handsomely
.
They
alleadge
their
reasons
with
more
then
ordinarie
submissions
,
they
send
an
extraordinarie
Embassadour
to
Rome
,
that
by
this
demonstration
of
a
reuerent
regard
,
they
might
take
from
the
Pope
the
opinion
(
which
he
had
conceiued
)
that
he
was
neglected
,
and
also
thereby
giue
him
a
faire
pretext
to
retire
himselfe
from
the
precipice
where
he
lay
.
They
receiue
the
Pope's
Briefs
(
which
were
so
many
thunder-stroakes
against
them
)
with
all
honour
and
respect
.
They
humbly
shew
the
desire
they
had
to
content
the
Pope
if
it
were
possible
without
doing
wrong
to
the
common
interest
of
all
Princes
,
and
to
the
fundamentall
lawes
of
their
gouernment
,
which
binds
them
to
take
notice
of
the
buildings
that
are
erected
within
their
Townes
,
to
the
end
that
from
thence
arriue
nothing
dammageable
to
the
publike
good
.
As
for
the
alienation
of
Church-goods
,
they
cannot
permit
the
same
without
wholly
ruining
the
forces
of
their
State
.
As
for
the
impunitie
of
Ecclesiasticall
personnes
,
they
say
:
That
in
permitting
the
same
,
they
should
not
onely
derogate
from
their
Soueraigntie
,
and
the
power
they
hold
immediately
from
GOD
,
but
also
introduce
in
the
State
examples
of
dangerous
consequence
.
The
Pope
answers
:
That
he
regards
not
their
Lawes
whether
old
or
new
:
and
that
it
appertained
to
him
,
to
change
them
at
his
pleasure
.
That
he
would
not
allow
any
treating
of
the
businesse
,
but
an
absolute
obedience
.
In
the
meane
while
,
he
goes
about
to
nullifie
the
election
of
the
Duke
of
Venice
,
because
it
had
beene
made
since
the
beginning
of
this
difference
,
And
whilst
that
he
proceeds
in
this
sort
,
the
Duke
of
Venice
giues
him
part
of
his
Election
,
with
the
accustomed
reuerence
.
The
Venetians
(
to
make
knowne
the
Iustice
of
their
cause
)
doe
consult
this
affaire
by
personnes
well
vers'd
in
such
matters
,
and
therein
they
demaund
the
aduice
of
the
most
famous
Doctors
of
Europe
:
They
punctually
relate
the
Controuersie
to
all
the
Kings
and
Princes
their
allies
;
And
to
the
end
that
their
right
might
appeare
euen
to
posteritie
,
they
deliuer
their
answer
to
the
Pope
,
because
that
if
the
difference
were
reconciled
,
all
the
world
might
know
that
they
were
justified
.
The
same
is
to
be
noted
,
that
they
neuer
called
home
their
Ambassadour
,
before
the
Pope
had
retired
his
Nuntio
.
For
although
the
Extraordinarie
went
backe
to
testifie
some
ressentment
after
the
receiuing
of
so
many
distastes
:
the
Ordinarie
neuerthelesse
continued
there
,
to
shew
that
they
had
allwaies
an
eare
open
to
agreement
.
Lastly
when
they
could
no
longer
hold
from
breaking
off
,
they
take
a
resolution
to
defend
their
libertie
,
with
such
an
vnanimous
consent
,
that
in
the
whole
Senate
there
was
not
one
voice
contrarie
.
Thereby
frustrating
the
hopes
which
the
Pope
had
of
disuniting
them
,
according
as
the
Iesuites
had
promis'd
him
.
The
Pope
tooke
a
cleane
contrary
byas
,
for
(
men
beleeu'd
)
he
cared
not
a
jot
whether
he
went
vpon
good
,
or
ill
grounds
.
He
imparted
not
this
businesse
to
other
Princes
till
very
late
,
neither
did
he
demaund
the
aduise
euen
of
the
Cardinalls
,
but
for
fashion's
sake
.
Here
is
that
which
passed
before
the
breach
betwixt
the
Pope
and
the
Venetians
,
wherein
the
Venetians
exactly
followed
that
which
belonged
to
their
interest
.
For
their
State
being
founded
rather
by
Peace
,
then
by
Warre
,
and
being
more
considerable
for
Counsell
then
for
Armes
,
they
ought
euer
dexterously
to
auoid
any
rupture
whatsoeuer
.
During
the
time
of
the
breach
,
the
Venetians
surmounted
euen
their
owne
selues
,
hauing
giuen
in
this
affaire
a
perpetuall
example
of
perfect
conduct
.
shewing
as
much
constancie
and
courage
in
their
ressentment
of
the
injurie
which
they
pretended
was
done
them
:
as
before
they
had
shewed
submission
to
preuent
the
same
.
They
euer
answered
those
who
spake
to
them
of
agreement
:
That
the
remedie
ought
to
be
applied
to
the
part
whence
the
disease
proceeded
:
That
the
Pope
had
receiued
a
voluntarie
displeasure
,
the
remedie
whereof
was
a
voluntary
repentance
.
This
notwithstanding
,
they
rejected
not
any
proposition
,
but
much
insisted
vpon
this
point
:
That
they
had
done
onely
what
they
ought
:
That
the
Pope
in
withdrawing
his
Nuntio
had
barr'd
the
way
to
agreement
:
That
it
belonged
to
him
to
make
good
againe
,
what
he
himselfe
had
spoyled
:
and
That
when
he
shall
haue
taken
off
his
pretended
censures
,
they
will
not
seeme
estranged
from
Peace
.
But
that
which
had
beene
most
remarkable
here
was
,
that
they
were
not
a
whit
moued
for
all
this
tempest
,
prouiding
with
so
much
prudence
,
(
both
within
and
without
their
State
)
all
that
was
necessarie
to
sustaine
such
a
shock
,
that
noe
alteration
at
all
was
perceiued
.
The
people
remained
in
obedience
:
the
Townes
of
their
Dominion
offered
their
meanes
and
forces
:
the
Religious
obeyed
without
constraint
:
there
was
not
shed
one
drop
of
blood
.
The
Pope
,
in
stead
of
shewing
constancie
in
his
resolution
,
beganne
to
relent
so
soone
as
had
wrought
his
indignation
by
the
interdict
,
leauing
to
be
vnderstood
vnder-hand
,
that
he
would
lend
an
eare
to
agreement
,
prouided
that
he
might
saue
his
credit
.
But
when
he
saw
the
inflexible
stedfastnesse
of
the
Venetians
,
he
resolued
to
haue
recourse
to
force
,
and
to
interest
the
Catholike
Princes
in
the
same
.
France
had
noe
other
scope
in
this
affaire
then
to
arbitrate
the
difference
,
and
to
haue
the
honour
of
deciding
so
important
a
question
between
two
Princes
so
considerable
in
Christendome
.
For
this
effect
shee
shewed
not
any
partialitie
,
although
it
be
true
that
Villeroy
(
through
his
ambition
to
rise
to
a
Cardinalship
)
inclined
at
first
to
the
Pope's
side
,
seruing
his
turne
therein
by
the
ministration
of
his
sonne
,
then
Ambassadour
at
Rome
.
But
seeing
himselfe
disappointed
of
his
hope
,
he
returned
to
the
temper
which
a
just
Mediatour
ought
to
haue
.
So
it
is
,
that
oftentimes
a
priuate
interest
does
prejudice
the
publike
.
Happie
are
the
States
,
wherein
those
that
sit
at
the
helme
of
gouernment
,
haue
so
noble
a
spirit
as
not
to
ayme
at
any
other
greatnesse
then
that
which
is
inseparably
conioint
with
the
glorie
of
the
Prince
whom
they
serue
.
The
Spaniards
conceiued
it
best
to
foment
the
discord
betweene
the
two
parties
,
thinking
that
is
was
in
their
power
to
hinder
the
warre
,
if
their
profit
so
required
:
or
else
to
make
it
serue
their
owne
aduantage
.
They
therefore
let
the
businesse
runne
its
course
without
prescribing
any
thing
to
their
Ambassadour
which
was
at
Rome
.
who
handsomely
intertained
the
Pope
in
his
opinion
,
with
intent
to
obtaine
a
Cardinalship
for
his
Brother
by
this
meanes
.
The
Emperour
was
a
Mediatour
;
the
King
of
Poland
fauoured
the
Republike
:
the
Princes
of
Germanie
medled
not
all
in
the
matter
.
The
King
of
England
was
glad
to
see
this
businesse
dayly
waxe
hot
.
He
promised
all
assistance
to
the
Republike
of
Venice
,
as
by
all
reason
he
was
obliged
to
deale
in
this
manner
.
For
he
beleeued
that
this
would
rowse
vp
the
other
Catholike
Princes
which
were
interessed
to
maintaine
their
Lawes
.
And
that
it
would
be
an
occasion
to
deliberate
of
a
Councell
which
may
determine
so
many
Controuersies
.
The
States
of
the
vnited-Prouinces
offered
to
the
Venetians
succour
of
armes
and
munition
.
The
Princes
of
Italie
,
since
they
saw
the
Pope
remaine
confused
and
wauering
in
himselfe
,
as
if
he
had
manifestly
repented
,
they
appeare
all
newters
in
this
affaire
,
follwing
that
which
belonged
to
their
true
interest
.
Onely
the
Duke
of
Sauoy
let
himselfe
be
transported
by
his
passion
.
For
the
Republike
hauing
written
to
his
children
with
the
title
of
Excellence
,
as
shee
had
accustomed
to
doe
,
He
in
despite
kept
Chappell
without
admitting
there
the
Ambassadour
of
Venice
,
and
this
at
the
instance
of
the
Nuntio
residing
neere
vnto
him
.
It
is
not
in
this
affaire
alone
,
that
this
Prince
has
carried
himselfe
rather
capriciously
,
then
after
the
true
Maxime
of
his
interest
.
France
continued
to
solicite
the
Accord
,
without
shewing
any
passion
for
the
one
partie
,
or
the
other
,
following
herein
her
true
interest
.
For
because
one
shall
hardly
see
an
open
warre
betwixt
two
so
pacifique
Princes
,
Shee
could
not
reape
any
other
profit
by
this
Difference
,
then
the
honour
onely
to
haue
reconciled
the
same
.
The
Spaniards
perceiuing
this
,
beganne
to
recoile
,
and
desire
to
haue
a
hand
in
making
peace
,
since
they
could
not
haue
it
in
warre
,
They
judged
well
that
the
Pope
was
disposed
to
cast
himselfe
into
their
armes
,
and
to
goe
which
way
they
would
,
because
he
had
a
mind
to
agreement
.
But
they
saw
also
the
Venetians
so
firme
in
their
resolution
,
as
they
had
noe
hope
to
bend
them
.
Wherefore
they
essayed
to
trouble
them
with
the
Turk
,
to
the
end
they
might
be
constrained
to
haue
recourse
vnto
them
,
and
that
by
this
meanes
it
should
be
in
their
power
,
to
bring
the
Senate
to
accept
such
conditions
as
the
Pope
pleased
to
allow
them
.
But
they
failed
so
much
in
that
which
they
endeauour'd
to
doe
by
the
meanes
of
the
Turk
,
as
(
on
the
contrary
)
it
became
aduantageous
to
the
Republike
.
For
though
the
Marquesse
de
Saint-Croy
hauing
ransacked
Duras
,
beleeued
that
the
Turks
(
to
take
reuenge
)
would
turne
against
the
Republike
,
as
being
neerest
,
or
at
least
enter
within
the
Gulfe
.
Yet
it
happened
that
the
Turk
perceiuing
the
Spanish
wiles
,
commaunded
the
Admirall
of
his
Fleet
to
aide
the
Venetians
against
the
Pope
and
the
Spainards
.
But
the
Republike
judging
it
not
fit
to
make
vse
of
such
a
helpe
,
(
for
feare
the
remedie
should
be
worse
then
the
dissease
it selfe
,
)
shee
put
it
off
so
handsomely
that
the
Grand
Signior
receiued
not
any
distast
thereby
.
Neuerthelesse
making
the
Pope
vnderstand
,
that
in
case
of
necessitie
,
shee
well
knew
whither
to
haue
recourse
.
The
Spaniards
,
out
of
season
offer'd
a
whole
entire
Armie
to
the
Pope
,
Some
beleeued
that
it
was
for
to
reclaime
the
Venetians
by
this
way
,
but
it
was
nothing
lesse
.
For
all
whatsoeuer
the
Spaniards
did
then
for
the
Pope
,
proceeded
onely
because
the
Duke
of
Lerma
was
tickled
with
vaine-glorie
,
for
that
the
Pope
in
his
Briefs
had
giuen
him
the
title
of
Excellence
.
Lastly
they
perceiued
in
Spaine
that
this
businesse
would
be
ended
by
treatie
,
and
that
France
,
was
to
haue
all
the
honour
thereof
.
This
made
them
about
to
send
extraordinaire
Embassadours
from
one
side
to
the
other
,
but
it
was
too
late
,
the
negociation
being
so
farre
aduanced
by
the
French
,
that
t
was
impossible
to
get
it
out
of
their
hands
.
Insomuch
as
whatsoeuer
the
Spaniards
could
doe
to
crosse
the
Treatie
,
the
honour
thereof
remained
full
and
wholly
to
Henry
,
who
ended
the
businesse
by
the
dexteritie
and
prudence
of
the
Cardinall
de
Ioyeuse
,
and
of
Frenes-Canaye
,
ordinarie
Embassadour
at
Venice
.
The
Prisonners
were
deliuered
into
the
hands
of
the
Embassadour
:
The
Lawes
of
the
Republike
continued
without
alteration
:
and
the
Pope
was
forced
to
take
off
the
Interdict
without
any
token
of
submission
from
the
said
Republike
.
This
has
beene
a
warre
of
Negociation
,
wherein
the
Venetians
full
and
wholly
carried
the
victorie
.
Likewise
one
must
acknowledge
,
they
were
ingaged
to
deale
in
that
part
wherein
they
were
most
able
.
They
followed
therein
all
the
maximes
of
their
true
interest
:
The
Pope
did
quite
contrary
:
Spaine
was
amusing
after
Chymeraes
:
and
France
had
the
scope
which
shee
ought
to
haue
,
wherefore
shee
likewise
had
the
glorie
.
THE
FOVRTH
DISCOVRSE
CONCERNING
the
Truce
of
the
Low
Countries
with
the
King
of
Spaine
.
THE
Truce
of
the
Low-Countries
with
the
King
of
Spaine
,
is
an
infallible
proofe
of
the
excellence
of
the
Spaniards
in
matter
of
Negociation
.
The
King
of
Spaine
seeing
that
in
fortie
yeares
Space
,
the
warre
had
augmented
and
enriched
this
State
,
in
stead
of
ouerthrowing
it
,
and
that
it
would
greatly
diminish
his
reputation
to
treate
of
Peace
with
those
,
whom
(
euen
till
then
)
he
had
treated
as
Rebells
,
he
therefore
resolued
to
doe
his
vtmost
to
enter
into
their
Country
,
and
to
make
them
feele
(
euen
within
their
intrailes
)
the
discommoditie
of
Warre
.
For
which
purpose
,
he
employed
the
two
last
Summers
vnder
the
commaund
of
Marquesse
Spinola
,
one
of
the
renownedst
Captaines
of
the
time
,
Who
with
powerfull
Armies
endeauoured
to
enter
,
the
first
yeare
into
Frisland
,
and
the
second
into
Holland
.
Neuerthelesse
Maurice
Prince
of
Orange
(
a
Captaine
to
whom
wee
owe
the
restauration
of
the
auncient
militarie
discipline
)
all
though
he
was
much
inferiour
to
the
forces
of
Spinola
,
yet
he
made
so
good
vse
of
the
situation
of
his
Country
,
that
he
frustrated
all
his
endeauours
.
This
hauing
depriued
the
King
of
Spaine
of
all
hope
to
conquer
by
force
,
he
resolued
at
last
to
make
triall
of
a
Treatie
,
at
the
cost
euen
of
his
reputation
.
But
his
end
herein
was
,
1.
to
secure
the
trafficke
of
the
Indies
:
where
he
was
endammaged
by
them
,
2.
to
diuide
them
in
the
time
of
peace
:
and
lastly
to
beare
armes
more
aduantageously
against
people
lesse
trained
in
warre
,
and
more
easie
to
subdue
being
confident
that
any
good
successe
in
some
affaire
would
make
him
recouer
that
reputation
which
he
then
hazarded
,
and
whereof
he
has
beene
euer
jealous
.
A
Monke
did
first
lay
open
the
matter
to
a
Holland
Marchant
.
The
hope
giuen
to
the
States
that
in
this
Accord
,
the
King
of
Spaine
would
acknowledge
them
for
free
States
,
made
them
giue
eare
,
whereupon
followed
a
suspension
of
Armes
for
to
treate
more
at
large
.
This
intermission
awaked
the
interessed
and
neighbour
Princes
.
Henry's
mind
was
troubled
with
the
true
intererest
of
his
Estate
,
which
he
best
of
all
knew
,
and
also
by
his
particular
affections
.
The
States
(
by
reason
of
their
interest
)
had
succoured
him
in
his
necessitie
:
He
(
for
the
same
reason
)
powerfully
assisted
them
in
his
prosperitie
.
He
willingly
would
haue
them
continue
The
warre
,
prouided
that
he
augmēted
not
his
assistance
:
They
offered
to
continue
the
same
,
on
condition
that
he
would
double
the
money
which
he
gaue
them
yearely
.
The
desire
of
doing
thriftily
,
made
him
seeme
to
incline
,
and
not
alltogether
abādon
his
true
interest
,
thinking
it
should
be
a
great
aduantage
for
him
to
remoue
from
his
frontiers
such
good
Armes
which
a
Peace
or
long
Truce
might
dissipate
,
and
that
it
should
be
a
great
honour
for
him
to
cause
the
Low
Countries
to
be
declared
a
free
State
,
Insomuch
as
He
bent
his
thoughts
to
become
Arbitratour
of
this
negociation
,
and
to
make
it
succeed
aduantageously
for
the
Low-Countries
.
IAMES
the
first
,
King
of
England
,
whose
strong
inclination
to
peace
did
not
also
permit
him
to
follow
the
true
interest
of
his
Realme
,
which
was
to
nourish
Warre
in
the
Low-Countries
,
for
to
consume
the
forces
of
Spaine
,
and
hinder
their
entreprise
vpon
him
,
he
contents
himselfe
to
haue
part
in
the
Treatie
by
his
Embassadours
.
Diuers
Protestant
Princes
of
Germanie
(
imagining
well
that
the
Armes
of
Spaine
being
no
more
imployed
there
,
might
fall
vpon
them
)
doe
likewise
send
their
Embassadours
,
of
purpose
to
diuert
this
Accord
,
os
else
to
procure
the
protection
of
those
that
intermedled
in
the
businesse
.
Maurice
whose
particular
interest
was
joyned
with
the
true
interest
of
the
States
,
wholly
withstood
the
Accord
.
Bernaueld
who
had
most
abilitie
in
the
State-affaires
of
the
Country
,
seeing
that
his
owe
credit
grew
in
Peace
rather
then
in
Warre
,
he
would
haue
the
interests
of
the
State
to
serue
his
owne
ends
.
Here
is
the
true
pourtrait
of
those
that
dealed
in
this
affaire
.
But
for
the
better
vnderstanding
of
the
true
interest
of
the
States
,
we
must
remount
higher
,
and
come
to
the
originall
.
William
of
Nassau
Prince
of
Orange
,
who
alone
in
this
Age
had
the
honour
to
found
a
State
,
(
although
neither
his
disgraces
receiued
,
nor
the
endeauours
of
Philip
,
the
most
puissant
and
able
Prince
of
his
Time
,
could
haue
hindred
him
,
)
was
constrained
to
assemble
the
peeces
for
to
compose
a
bodie
thereof
,
with
such
conditions
as
each
Towne
and
Prouince
required
.
For
,
hauing
met
with
people
that
haue
euer
affected
their
libertie
more
then
their
very
liues
,
he
could
not
alter
the
conditions
whereupon
they
first
joyned
themselues
vnto
him
.
This
same
hath
caused
in
this
State
so
many
Republikes
as
there
be
Townes
,
amongst
whom
(
in
a
generall
decree
)
pluralitie
of
voices
has
noe
place
,
because
that
if
any
one
Towne
approue
it
not
,
shee
is
not
bound
to
obserue
it
.
So
as
he
deuised
rather
to
flatter
them
in
their
libertie
,
that
he
might
wholly
take
off
their
desire
to
complie
with
Philip
,
then
to
propound
vnto
them
good
Lawes
,
for
to
maintaine
them
in
the
time
of
Peace
.
His
sonne
Maurice
,
brought
vp
from
his
infancie
in
Armes
,
thought
principally
of
the
establishing
of
militarie
discipline
,
as
the
thing
then
most
necessarie
to
vphold
the
State
,
wherein
he
surpassed
all
the
Captaines
of
his
time
.
Insomuch
as
this
State
beeing
exceeding
well
grounded
for
to
subsist
by
warre
,
and
as
ill
to
maintaine
it selfe
in
Peace
,
it
is
euident
,
that
the
true
interest
thereof
is
to
continue
the
Warre
.
According
to
the
interest
of
each
Prince
,
their
Ambassadours
being
assembled
at
the
Hague
,
did
worke
about
.
The
Spaniards
make
a
great
difficultie
to
ratifie
the
declaration
of
the
Archdukes
,
(
who
acknowledged
the
States
free
,
and
soueraigne
)
to
the
intent
to
make
them
better
relish
the
same
,
and
that
in
yeelding
they
might
obtaine
of
them
,
conditions
that
would
worke
their
ruine
.
As
,
the
graunt
of
libertie
of
conscience
to
Catholikes
,
thereby
to
make
diuisions
among
them
:
The
priuation
of
trafficke
in
the
Indies
,
and
so
to
make
a
mutinie
by
the
Marchands
,
the
most
considerable
corporation
amongst
them
:
Besides
the
exchange
of
certaine
places
most
aduantageous
to
the
King
of
Spaine
,
and
most
prejudiciall
to
the
said
States
.
Maurice
earnestly
opposed
such
conditions
:
Bernaueld
durst
not
countenance
them
.
France
and
England
(
perceiuing
the
venome
hidden
vnder
the
same
)
could
not
digest
them
.
In
such
wise
as
all
Treatie
of
peace
being
broken
,
they
renew
that
of
a
Truce
for
many
yeares
:
Maurice
doth
his
best
to
hinder
it
,
but
Bernaueld
backed
by
France
and
England
,
is
the
cause
they
did
hearken
to
it
.
The
worke
beginnes
anew
,
and
the
Spaniards
seeing
they
could
not
obtaine
the
conditions
which
they
desired
,
imagining
also
their
repose
to
be
very
necessarie
,
at
length
they
gaue
ouer
,
sauing
that
the
Article
,
wich
declared
the
States
free
,
and
that
of
trafficke
in
the
Indies
were
couched
so
obscurely
,
as
they
might
saue
their
reputation
,
and
interpret
them
to
their
owne
aduantage
,
as
occasion
should
serue
.
On
the
other
side
,
the
French
for
to
induce
the
States
to
conclude
,
make
a
league
with
them
,
wherein
they
oblige
themselues
to
giue
them
pay
for
tenne
thousand
Souldiers
.
Specially
for
to
make
them
keepe
the
Truce
,
in
case
it
should
be
broken
on
the
Spaniards
side
,
whereupon
the
Spaniards
complaining
,
they
were
answered
,
that
whatsoeuer
was
done
,
was
for
their
good
,
and
that
without
doing
the
same
,
nothing
could
be
obtained
.
Maurice
for
his
part
yeelds
vnto
that
which
he
could
not
hinder
,
conditionally
that
the
Armie
might
be
maintained
for
the
securitie
of
the
State
,
Henry
approueth
this
condition
,
and
contributeth
to
the
maintenance
of
4000
Foote
,
and
200.
Horse
.
So
as
,
the
Truce
was
concluded
for
twelue
yeares
:
the
States
acknowledged
free
and
Soueraigne
:
and
their
Ambassadours
receiued
in
this
qualitie
by
Princes
.
Thus
ended
this
negociation
which
lasted
two
yeares
,
where
each
one
endeauours
to
deceiue
the
other
,
and
also
flatters
himselfe
with
the
perswasion
of
hauing
gotten
that
which
he
had
desired
.
In
effect
,
Henry
had
the
most
honour
in
this
affaire
,
and
the
States
(
by
his
meanes
)
the
most
profit
.
But
he
being
dead
,
and
Louys
vpon
the
Throne
at
nine
yeares
of
age
,
there
was
an
vniuersall
alteration
in
France
.
For
,
Marie
had
obtain'd
the
Regencie
,
and
willing
to
strengthen
her
authoritie
against
the
Princes
of
the
blood
,
and
great
ones
of
the
Realme
,
shee
procured
a
disunion
amongst
them
,
and
cast
herselfe
into
the
armes
of
Rome
and
Spaine
,
beleeuing
that
shee
had
then
need
of
the
former
Power
,
and
allwaies
of
the
later
,
insomuch
as
during
the
time
of
her
gouernment
,
the
true
interest
of
France
being
abandonned
,
there
was
taken
the
contrarie
course
.
The
Spaniards
lost
not
so
good
an
occasion
,
especially
vpon
the
Low-Countries
,
in
the
businesse
of
the
Arminians
,
the
which
Bernaueld
(
seeing
himselfe
vpheld
by
France
,
through
the
practises
of
Spaine
)
vndertooke
to
maintaine
against
the
Prince
of
Orange
,
in
such
wise
as
that
from
a
dispute
of
Religion
,
there
was
made
an
affaire
of
State
,
so
pernicious
,
that
it
was
like
to
ruine
this
Commonweath
.
Here
it
was
where
the
Spaniard
displayed
all
his
cunning
,
for
to
make
Marie
worke
in
this
Country
according
to
his
interests
.
He
perswaded
her
that
her
disunion
was
aduantageous
to
her
to
maintaine
her
authoritie
.
To
the
end
that
shee
might
not
assist
the
Princes
of
the
blood
disontented
with
her
,
nor
the
Protestants
of
France
which
might
joyne
with
the
said
Princes
.
He
makes
her
to
act
a
superstitious
zeale
,
which
is
an
euill
counsellour
to
those
that
entertaine
it
.
So
as
the
Ambassadours
of
France
)
vnder
the
pretence
of
zeale
to
Religion
)
become
sollicitours
of
the
affaires
of
Spaine
in
Holland
.
They
fauour
the
cause
of
Bernaueld
:
they
foment
the
diuision
within
the
State
:
they
bring
it
vpon
the
very
brinke
of
its
downefall
,
and
had
it
not
beene
for
the
patience
,
and
constant
courage
of
Maurice
,
assisted
by
the
souldiers
,
this
Republike
had
runne
the
hazard
to
seeme
as
sonne
extinct
,
as
borne
.
By
that
which
is
aforesaid
,
and
by
the
sequele
of
affaires
,
one
may
judge
that
the
true
interests
of
the
State
of
the
vnited
Prouinces
are
to
maintaine
warre
against
Spaine
,
otherwise
it
would
be
ruined
of
it selfe
.
The
interests
of
France
and
England
are
to
assist
the
said
State
,
for
to
giue
Spaine
this
bone
to
picke
.
The
interests
of
the
Germane
Princes
are
to
foment
the
same
,
to
the
end
that
by
the
fall
of
this
burden
,
they
likewise
be
not
ouerthrowne
.
And
the
interests
of
Spaine
are
to
keepe
all
the
other
in
broiles
amongst
themselues
,
or
else
set
them
one
against
another
,
least
they
should
all
accord
against
her
.
Therefore
so
soone
as
any
of
them
haue
abandonned
these
maximes
,
their
affaires
fall
to
the
ground
.
THE
FIFTH
DISCOVRSE
VPON
THE
affaire
about
the
succession
of
Cleues
and
Iulliers
.
SINCE
the
time
of
Charles
the
Fifth
,
Germanie
liued
very
happie
,
so
long
as
shee
kept
her
true
interest
,
and
whil'st
that
the
Emperour
did
containe
himselfe
within
the
bounds
of
the
lawes
of
the
Empire
,
which
ballancing
the
power
thereof
with
that
of
the
Princes
and
Republikes
of
Germanie
,
suffered
them
not
to
vsurpe
one
vpon
another
.
The
first
that
forsooke
this
interest
were
the
Princes
Electors
,
in
hauing
continued
the
Imperial
dignitie
without
interruption
to
many
of
one
and
the
same
familie
,
who
in
tract
of
time
haue
raised
the
same
to
the
prejudice
of
the
Imperiall
Lawes
,
the
which
hath
chiefly
happened
to
the
house
of
Austria
,
specially
since
this
house
and
that
of
Spaine
haue
beene
both
the
selfe
same
thing
.
For
,
seeing
her selfe
established
in
so
high
a
dignitie
,
and
supported
by
such
a
Power
,
shee
was
willing
to
be
there
perpetuated
,
and
because
shee
would
not
be
violently
incountred
hereafter
,
shee
has
essayed
to
put
downe
those
who
had
lawfull
right
to
interrupt
that
course
,
endeauoring
likewise
to
lift
vp
her selfe
by
abolishing
the
lawes
of
the
Empire
,
and
by
vsurping
the
principall
States
,
and
Townes
thereof
.
The
first
euident
occasion
that
has
manifested
in
our
time
this
designe
,
was
vpon
the
succession
of
Cleues
and
Iulliers
,
which
happened
in
the
beginning
of
March
,
the
yeare
1609.
occasioned
by
the
death
of
Iohn
William
,
who
hauing
noe
children
of
his
owne
,
left
this
goodly
heritage
to
his
foure
sisters
married
,
to
the
Elector
of
Brandebourg
:
to
the
Duke
of
Neubourg
:
to
the
Duke
of
Deu
ponts
:
and
to
the
Marquesse
of
Turgaw
.
The
first
of
these
laied
claime
to
the
succession
entire
,
as
indiuisible
,
hauing
married
the
eldest
.
The
second
makes
the
same
claime
,
because
the
eldest
sister
died
before
the
brother
,
and
his
wife
was
the
eldest
of
the
sisters
liuing
.
The
two
other
say
that
it
ought
to
be
equally
parted
betwixt
them
all
foure
.
Moreouer
the
Electour
of
Saxonie
reuiued
an
old
title
,
and
also
the
Duke
of
Neuers
another
.
Brandebourg
and
Neubourg
enter
in
possession
,
the
Emperour
becomes
offended
thereat
,
pretending
that
the
whole
heritage
ought
to
be
sequestred
into
his
hands
,
and
each
of
them
to
vndergoe
his
ordinance
.
He
sends
thither
Leopold
a
Prince
of
hie
owne
House
,
who
seiseth
on
Iulliers
the
principall
fortresse
of
the
Country
.
The
Princes
that
were
in
possession
,
seeing
such
an
obstacle
,
judged
well
that
this
sequestration
tended
to
an
vsurpation
,
and
not
thinking
themselues
able
enough
to
resist
,
in
regard
of
the
neighbourhood
of
Flanders
,
and
of
the
best
forces
of
Spaine
,
(
who
in
an
occasion
so
aduantageous
for
the
House
of
Austria
would
not
faile
to
helpe
her
kinseman
)
they
haue
recourse
to
those
,
who
were
principally
interessed
to
impeach
the
amplification
of
the
said
House
.
They
rallie
to
their
defence
,
France
,
England
,
and
the
Low-countries
,
with
the
most
part
of
the
Protestant
Princes
of
Germanie
,
who
made
such
a
mightie
warlike
prouision
to
recouer
Iulliers
seised
by
the
said
Leopold
,
that
notwithstanding
the
vnexpected
death
of
Henry
,
which
happened
before
the
execution
,
yet
the
designe
was
happily
accomplished
,
Spaine
not
daring
to
oppose
it
.
One
may
see
in
this
affaire
,
euery
one
's
true
interest
.
That
of
the
Emperour
was
,
to
make
vse
of
the
occasion
to
catch
hold
of
such
an
Estate
in
Germanie
:
That
of
the
King
of
Spaine
,
to
assist
him
therein
,
as
well
for
the
principall
end
,
which
is
,
the
aduancement
of
the
whole
House
,
as
for
the
neighbourhood
of
the
said
State
to
Flanders
:
That
of
the
lawfull
successours
,
was
to
maintaine
their
owne
right
:
That
of
the
Germaine
Princes
,
not
to
suffer
that
Power
whereof
they
were
jealous
,
to
be
strengthened
by
their
owne
weakening
:
And
the
interests
of
France
,
England
and
Holland
were
,
not
to
permit
the
amplifying
of
all
the
House
of
Austria
.
Hitherto
euery
one
played
his
game
aright
;
but
Marie
,
for
to
support
the
interests
of
Spaine
that
promised
her
to
maintaine
hers
euen
to
the
end
,
abandonneth
those
of
France
,
and
againe
secondeth
the
trouble
about
this
succession
.
The
occasion
was
offred
by
the
imprudence
of
the
Princes
that
held
the
possession
,
which
caused
the
King
of
Spaine
to
reattempt
the
businesse
.
The
sonnes
of
Brandebourg
and
Newbourg
did
joyntly
gouerne
this
faire
Estate
,
The
forteresses
were
guarded
by
equall
garrisons
:
they
dwelt
in
the
same
Pallace
,
and
managed
their
affaires
with
one
common
hand
.
But
this
lasted
not
long
,
it
being
no
easie
matter
to
gouerne
a
State
long
time
after
this
manner
without
dissension
,
especially
between
two
Princes
of
diuerse
houses
,
where
there
is
also
diuersitie
of
Religion
.
They
beganne
to
enter
into
jealousie
one
of
another
.
Those
that
were
friends
to
them
both
,
and
interessed
in
their
subsistence
,
perceiuing
the
same
and
fearing
least
their
misintelligence
should
increase
,
perswaded
them
to
make
an
alliance
together
.
Newbourg
agrees
thereto
,
goes
to
the
Electour
Brandebourg
,
and
requires
of
him
his
daughter
in
marriage
.
But
as
the
best
meates
being
corrupted
turne
into
the
strongest
poison
:
so
in
the
most
wholesome
counsell
giuen
to
these
Princes
to
confirme
their
amitie
,
there
was
found
occasion
of
a
most
implacable
hatred
,
which
caused
the
ruine
of
them
both
in
the
said
succession
.
For
,
whil'st
they
were
in
the
deboshes
of
their
feastes
,
the
Electour
vpon
some
discourse
that
did
not
please
him
,
offended
Newbourg
so
farre
(
euen
in
his
owne
house
,
and
at
the
table
)
as
to
giue
him
a
boxe
on
the
eare
,
for
which
he
would
not
afterward
make
him
any
teasonable
satisfaction
,
In
such
wise
,
that
in
stead
of
a
wife
,
he
carries
backe
an
offence
so
engrauen
in
his
heart
,
as
he
admitteth
noe
other
counsell
but
that
of
reuenge
.
This
spirit
thus
exasperated
,
being
vpon
returne
to
Cleue-land
,
it
was
easie
for
the
Spaniards
to
gaine
him
to
them
.
They
made
meanes
to
marrie
him
with
the
sister
of
the
Duke
of
Bauaria
,
perswaded
him
to
turne
Catholike
,
for
to
make
all
the
Catholike
league
of
Germanie
to
be
on
his
side
;
they
take
him
into
protection
,
and
giue
him
a
pension
,
The
vnited
States
seeing
how
prejudiciall
this
change
would
be
to
them
,
they
supported
Brandebourg
.
These
Princes
from
suspicions
doe
come
to
attempts
,
Newbourg
seiseth
on
Dusseldorp
:
Brandebourg
on
Iulliers
,
from
whence
the
King
of
Spaine
takes
a
pretexte
to
stirre
,
and
armeth
powerfully
to
recouer
the
same
.
The
States
on
the
other
side
,
prepare
to
defend
it
.
They
furnish
it
with
men
and
munition
fitt
to
sustaine
a
great
siege
.
The
true
interests
of
France
being
forsaken
,
they
had
nothing
from
thence
but
words
,
and
Embassages
,
England
seeing
France
had
giuen
off
,
was
contented
to
doe
the
like
,
in
sending
her
Embassadours
.
The
Princes
of
Germanie
seeing
themselues
forsaken
of
these
two
Crownes
,
and
diuided
amongst
themselues
both
by
Religion
,
and
by
the
different
affections
that
they
bore
to
those
two
Princes
,
they
therefore
stirre
not
at
all
.
Spaine
finding
now
noe
other
opposition
,
but
onely
from
the
vnited
States
,
prosecuteth
her
intentions
,
and
whilst
shee
amuseth
the
Ambassadours
of
these
two
Kings
,
shee
sends
Spinola
into
the
country
with
a
puissāt
Armie
,
who
in
stead
of
setting
vpon
Iulliers
,
(
which
was
then
but
a
rude
entreprise
,
)
he
goes
to
inuade
the
States
,
he
passeth
the
Rhine
,
assaults
and
takes
wezel
within
foure
dayes
.
Maurice
seeing
this
exploit
,
he
delayes
no
longer
,
leaues
the
Ambassadours
in
their
negociation
,
takes
Rez
and
Emerik
,
and
at
length
(
a
thing
neuer
before
seene
)
these
two
Armies
seize
vpon
this
heritage
without
impeachment
one
of
another
:
without
breaking
the
Truce
:
and
also
without
making
any
skirmish
at
all
.
For
,
when
one
of
these
Captaines
had
possessed
a
place
,
the
other
still
retired
,
not
pretending
any
thing
there
.
So
as
he
that
was
most
diligent
,
made
the
most
progression
.
The
reason
of
this
gentle
dealing
was
,
because
Spinola
knew
well
the
Armie
of
Maurice
to
be
better
then
his
owne
,
Maurice
likewise
well
vnderstood
that
the
safeguard
of
the
States
consisted
in
the
subsistence
of
his
Armie
.
So
as
he
beleeued
he
should
come
off
with
honour
enough
,
to
diuide
this
spoyle
with
the
King
of
Spaine
without
exposing
any
thing
to
danger
.
Is
is
now
easie
to
judge
that
the
ruine
of
the
Princes
which
were
in
the
possession
,
proceeded
from
hence
,
viz.
Because
that
Newbourg
forsaking
his
true
interest
to
follow
his
passion
,
cast
himselfe
into
the
armes
of
Spaine
:
Because
the
Protestant
Princes
of
Germanie
not
considering
their
true
interest
,
did
not
stirre
at
all
:
likewise
because
France
embracing
not
the
interest
of
Maurice
forsooke
her
owne
,
and
for
that
England
did
the
like
with
France
.
On
the
other
side
,
the
aduantage
that
Spaine
and
the
Low-Countries
haue
gotten
in
this
conquest
proceeded
hence
,
for
that
both
the
one
and
the
other
were
entirely
fixed
vpon
their
true
interest
.
THE
SIXT
DISCOVRSE
VPON
THE
Election
of
the
Count
Palatine
to
the
Kingdome
of
Bohemia
.
IF
the
quantitie
of
set
battailes
,
or
the
number
of
the
personnes
slaine
:
or
the
reuolution
of
sundrie
States
:
or
the
qualitie
of
the
Princes
interessed
:
or
the
length
of
the
time
might
make
a
Warre
memorable
,
then
that
which
Germanie
now
suffers
,
is
in
the
highest
degree
,
since
that
there
are
giuen
already
more
then
fifteene
battailes
:
three
hundred
thousand
men
haue
lost
their
liues
in
the
same
:
almost
all
the
States
of
Germanie
haue
thereby
changed
their
condition
and
their
Masters
:
all
the
Princes
of
Europe
haue
taken
an
interest
therein
:
and
it
is
now
fourteene
yeares
since
the
warre
begunne
,
without
being
yet
ended
.
The
occasion
thereof
happened
through
the
rejection
of
Ferdinand
of
Austria
from
the
Kingdome
of
Bohemia
,
and
the
Election
of
the
said
Kingdome
conferred
on
the
personne
of
Frederic
Count
Palatine
of
Rheine
.
The
first
would
establish
himselfe
in
a
dignitie
,
which
he
beleeued
was
vnjustly
taken
from
him
:
The
second
would
maintaine
himselfe
in
the
Kingdome
,
as
being
justly
chosen
thereunto
.
The
first
would
make
it
a
businesse
of
Religion
,
thereby
to
interest
all
the
Catholike
Princes
of
Europe
in
the
same
:
The
second
would
shew
that
it
was
nothing
else
but
a
State-warre
,
that
he
might
interest
in
the
same
all
those
by
whom
the
greatnesse
of
Spaine
was
suspected
.
But
for
to
judge
well
of
this
great
commotion
,
one
ought
to
remount
a
little
higher
.
It
is
certaine
that
since
the
warre
which
happened
about
the
succession
of
Cleues
and
Iulliers
,
Germanie
was
as
it
were
deuided
in
two
factions
,
and
(
in
imitation
of
the
Catholikes
)
the
Protestants
also
had
made
a
League
,
whereof
the
Prince
Elector
Palatine
was
chosen
Chiefe
,
as
the
Duke
of
Bauaria
had
beene
of
the
other
.
The
pretence
which
euery
one
tooke
for
the
defence
of
his
Religion
,
did
agrrauate
the
matter
amongst
them
.
And
the
secure
peace
which
this
nation
had
enjoyed
a
long
time
,
did
not
permir
her
(
following
the
reuolution
of
this
world
)
to
abide
thus
any
longer
.
There
wanted
onely
an
occasion
to
make
her
bandie
against
her selfe
.
The
Bohemians
present
this
occasion
,
whether
it
were
by
reason
of
their
naturall
ficklenesse
,
or
for
being
ill
treated
in
the
libertie
of
their
consciences
,
or
else
through
some
discontentment
of
the
principall
men
amongst
them
,
or
for
all
these
reasons
together
,
they
reject
Ferdinand
their
King
,
and
choose
Frederick
in
his
place
.
And
(
for
to
render
themselues
so
much
the
more
irreconcilable
with
him
)
in
the
full
assembly
of
the
States
,
they
cast
those
of
his
partie
out
of
the
windowes
.
This
action
arriued
in
the
yeare
1619.
after
which
euery
one
tooke
armes
.
The
Protestants
were
the
forwardest
,
for
they
were
alreadie
prepared
to
it
,
and
attended
onely
the
bruit
of
this
Election
to
beginne
the
game
.
Amongst
those
who
tooke
part
with
Frederick
,
he
that
brought
the
most
powerfull
assistance
,
was
Betheleem
Gabor
,
who
from
an
ordinarie
Gentleman
being
made
Prince
of
Transiluania
,
and
fearing
the
house
of
Austria
,
which
had
alwaies
endeauored
to
appropriate
this
State
,
he
put
himselfe
into
the
protection
of
the
Turk
for
to
secure
the
same
,
and
finding
so
faire
an
opportunitie
to
depresse
this
House
,
his
interest
suffered
him
not
to
loose
it
.
The
vnited
Prouinces
(
not
to
be
wanting
to
their
interest
)
doe
here
contribute
on
their
part
.
The
King
of
Denmarke
for
the
same
reason
,
and
also
for
his
honour
and
reputation
,
assisteth
his
Nephew
.
King
Iames
more
interessed
then
he
,
forgetteth
his
interest
concerning
his
Sonne
in
law
.
The
King
of
France
likewise
drawes
backe
,
and
stands
newter
.
At
this
beginning
Ferdinand
is
ill
handled
,
and
reduced
to
great
extremities
.
Here
Spaine
seeing
that
shee
must
venture
her
share
to
,
or
else
loose
both
her
hopes
and
reputation
,
shee
spares
nothing
,
but
vseth
all
manner
of
meanes
.
In
Germanie
shee
vrgeth
the
Elector
of
Saxonie
against
the
Palatine
in
point
of
honour
,
shee
remonstrates
vnto
him
that
he
holds
his
Electorship
of
the
house
of
Austria
,
and
that
he
cannot
maintaine
it
without
her
.
At
Rome
shee
perswades
the
Pope
that
her
losse
is
the
ruine
of
the
Catholike
Religion
,
and
the
meanes
to
make
all
Christendome
a
prey
to
the
Turk
,
insomuch
as
the
Pope
abandonning
his
true
interest
takes
part
with
her
,
fournisheth
both
men
and
money
,
and
laboureth
to
declare
the
other
Catholike
Princes
for
her
defence
.
In
England
shee
easily
entertaines
King
Iames
in
his
peaceable
inclination
.
In
France
(
by
the
Nuntio's
helpe
)
shee
gaineth
the
Duke
de
Luine
,
who
hauing
vsurped
neere
Loüys
the
authoritie
that
Marie
had
there
possessed
,
he
tooke
also
the
same
maximes
,
supporting
himselfe
by
Spaine
,
which
neuer
faileth
in
such
occasions
to
maintaine
those
who
distrusting
their
owne
worth
,
seeke
their
securitie
out
of
the
Realme
.
So
as
the
interest
of
a
Fauorite
being
preferred
before
that
of
the
State
,
they
assist
Spaine
.
But
to
the
end
that
it
might
be
with
more
profit
and
lesse
noise
,
they
vndertake
an
agreement
:
they
send
Embassadours
to
both
parties
:
they
amuse
the
Protestants
with
faire
hopes
:
they
make
them
loose
the
opportunitie
of
a
victorie
which
they
had
in
hand
,
and
they
induce
them
to
disarme
.
In
the
meane
while
the
Catholikes
hauing
this
time
for
respite
,
strengthen
themselues
on
all
sides
:
take
their
aduantage
:
prosecute
their
former
designes
,
and
by
gaining
the
battaile
of
Prague
,
wholly
ruine
their
ennemies
.
In
this
reuolution
of
affaires
,
Spaine
makes
good
vse
of
the
victorie
,
continues
her
intelligences
amongst
her
Neighbours
,
that
shee
might
not
be
diuerted
in
her
conquests
,
and
joynes
her
forces
of
Flanders
to
those
of
Italie
,
for
to
become
absolute
Mistresse
of
the
Empire
.
Feare
and
corruption
interpose
amongst
the
Princes
of
Germanie
and
the
Imperiall
Townes
,
Euery
one
hasteth
to
submit
himselfe
to
the
yoake
,
distrusting
least
he
should
not
be
time
enough
receiued
there
.
The
Counsellours
of
Princes
,
and
Magistrates
of
Common-wealthes
are
corrupted
by
money
,
and
all
contribute
to
forge
the
irons
of
their
owne
bondage
.
This
kind
of
proceeding
makes
the
King
of
Denmarke
feare
least
the
firing
of
Germanie
consume
him
,
he
takes
the
defence
thereof
,
and
goes
into
the
field
,
but
is
vanquished
,
looseth
part
of
his
dominions
,
and
for
to
recouer
it
againe
,
is
constrained
to
make
a
dishonourable
peace
.
The
Transiluanian
seeing
this
disorder
,
maketh
his
peace
likewise
,
but
so
much
the
better
by
reason
of
the
Turk's
protection
.
Here
was
the
issue
of
the
second
reuolution
of
the
affaires
of
Germanie
,
which
proceeded
chiefely
from
this
,
that
France
prostituted
her
interest
to
the
greatnesse
of
Spaine
.
Wee
should
come
now
to
the
third
reuolution
.
It
is
oftentimes
more
difficult
to
gouerne
ourselues
well
in
great
prosperitie
,
then
in
aduersitie
,
because
that
the
one
ingenders
neglect
,
and
lulles
vs
in
idlenesse
:
but
the
necessitie
of
the
other
keeps
vs
waking
,
and
makes
vs
search
the
meanes
of
our
restauration
.
Such
was
the
case
of
the
House
of
Austria
,
who
seeing
herselfe
from
such
a
heauie
blow
authorised
beyond
her
hopes
,
absolute
Mistresse
of
Germanie
,
of
innumerable
armies
entertained
at
the
cost
of
her
ennemies
,
France
not
stirring
against
her
proceedings
,
and
besides
imbroiled
in
Ciuill
warres
.
England
yet
forgetting
her
interest
.
Holland
hauing
enough
to
doe
to
conserue
her
owne
,
and
Italie
without
appearance
of
being
able
to
defend
it selfe
,
Shee
therefore
feareth
nothing
,
but
despiseth
all
,
in
such
wise
as
without
hiding
any
more
her
designe
vnder
the
pretence
of
Religion
,
(
wherewith
shee
had
so
well
serued
her
purpose
euen
to
the
present
)
shee
openly
inuades
the
Territories
of
the
Duke
of
Mantua
,
being
a
great
Catholike
,
vaunting
shee
could
not
suffer
a
Prince
that
was
French
borne
to
possesse
any
State
in
Italie
,
which
is
the
first
remarkable
errour
that
shee
committed
against
her
owne
interest
.
For
,
this
vsurpation
gaue
all
the
Princes
of
Italie
to
vnderstand
,
that
the
tempest
would
come
whirling
vpon
them
,
insomuch
as
the
Duke
of
Mantua
was
assisted
by
the
most
resolute
amongst
them
.
Louys
cannot
digest
this
affront
,
and
being
assisted
with
a
Counsell
whose
prudence
and
resolution
was
necessarie
in
such
a
perillous
conjunction
of
affaires
,
he
fortunately
imployed
his
Armes
in
his
defence
,
Which
was
the
first
occasion
of
importance
,
wherein
he
recouered
the
vsage
of
his
true
interest
.
But
seeing
that
diuersions
in
Germanie
were
needfull
for
him
,
and
not
finding
the
same
amongst
the
Germains
being
oppressed
with
the
burden
of
so
grieuous
a
subjection
,
he
goes
to
seeke
them
in
the
cold
Northerne
parts
.
The
renowne
of
Gustavus
King
of
Swede-land
had
beene
carried
euen
vnto
him
.
This
Prince
his
desire
of
glorie
made
him
easily
surmount
any
difficulties
he
could
imagine
,
likewise
his
vast
and
great
designes
he
surpassed
as
it
were
by
such
a
courage
in
execution
,
as
made
him
not
dishearken
to
any
enterprise
.
The
conquests
of
Walstein
(
Generall
of
the
Emperour's
armie
)
vpon
the
Balticke
sea
,
and
the
prouisions
which
he
made
to
render
himselfe
Master
there
,
made
the
King
of
Swede-land
know
,
that
he
might
well
be
in
suspicion
of
the
House
of
Austria
,
and
that
his
interest
was
to
oppose
the
same
.
He
therefore
allieth
himselfe
with
France
,
and
prepares
to
enter
into
Germanie
,
for
to
deliuer
it
from
the
thraldome
whereunto
it
was
reduced
.
Here
is
the
second
fault
that
Spaine
committed
against
her
true
interest
,
to
wit
,
the
contemning
of
this
Prince
.
For
whilst
that
on
the
one
side
he
enters
into
Germanie
,
the
Emperour
(
at
the
sollicitation
of
the
King
of
Spaine
)
sendeth
his
best
troupes
into
Italie
against
the
Duke
of
Mantua
,
which
welmost
all
perished
there
without
any
great
effect
.
And
the
successe
of
Gustavus
in
Germanie
was
such
,
as
that
those
of
the
Emperour's
side
and
the
Spaniards
,
were
faine
to
conclude
a
peace
in
Italie
with
the
French
(
at
the
expence
of
what
they
had
gotten
,
and
of
that
reputation
whereof
they
make
so
great
esteeme
)
for
to
draw
back
the
remainder
of
their
scattered
troupes
to
the
succour
of
Germanie
,
leauing
in
the
hand
of
the
French
,
Cazal
for
a
place
of
armes
in
Italie
,
and
Pignerol
as
a
port
to
enter
therein
.
So
as
the
desire
to
conquer
Italie
before
they
were
well
assured
of
the
conquest
of
Germanie
,
made
them
loose
both
the
one
and
the
other
.
This
happie
exploite
of
Loüys
,
made
him
acknowledge
his
former
errours
,
and
wholly
embrace
his
true
interest
.
He
deliuers
the
Grizons
from
their
seruitude
;
diuerteth
the
vnited
States
from
accepting
a
Truce
,
maintaineth
the
Swedish
partie
notwithstanding
the
death
of
Gustavus
,
defendeth
the
Electour
of
Tr●●●s
against
the
persecutions
of
the
Spaniards
,
and
chastiseth
the
Duke
of
Lorraine
for
adhering
to
the
Emperour
.
In
a
word
,
he
does
brauely
recouer
his
place
,
which
his
ill
Counsellours
had
made
him
forgoe
.
Pope
Vrb●n
seeing
himselfe
deliuered
from
the
apprehension
of
the
Spaniards
and
Germains
,
hauing
likewise
vnderstood
by
the
inuasion
made
vpon
the
Duke
of
Mantua
,
that
they
would
deale
noe
otherwise
with
the
Catholike
States
,
then
with
the
Protestants
,
he
thereupon
opposeth
them
.
The
Republike
of
Venice
that
considers
better
then
any
other
State
what
belongs
to
her
true
interest
,
and
which
neuer
failes
but
in
too
much
circumspection
,
(
as
ordinarily
those
Common
wealthes
doe
,
which
are
not
founded
by
Armes
.
)
shee
continueth
neuerthelesse
her
assistance
to
the
Duke
of
Mantua
.
Amedis
Duke
of
Sauoye
receiuing
instruction
by
the
danger
that
he
and
his
Father
were
in
to
loose
their
Estates
through
neglecting
their
true
interest
,
does
now
rejoyne
himselfe
to
France
.
The
other
Princes
of
Italie
seeing
the
aide
of
France
could
be
noe
impeachment
to
them
,
let
goe
the
apprehension
which
they
had
of
the
Spaniards
.
The
Germane
Princes
and
Imperiall
Townes
seeing
themselues
supported
by
the
armes
of
France
and
Swedeland
,
assisted
by
the
diuersion
of
their
other
allies
,
and
reassured
by
the
prosperous
successe
of
their
affaires
,
they
take
courage
againe
.
England
alone
,
as
if
shee
were
in
another
world
,
remaines
without
medling
at
all
.
On
the
other
side
,
Spaine
failes
not
to
animate
her
cause
,
takes
vp
againe
the
pretence
of
the
Catholike
Religion
,
which
shee
had
as
it
were
left
off
,
and
perceiuing
the
errour
shee
committed
thereby
,
crieth
more
then
euer
against
the
Protestants
,
exceedingly
vrgeth
the
Pope
to
haue
of
him
his
money
,
and
his
fulminations
,
maketh
much
of
the
Venetians
,
courteth
the
English
,
intertaineth
dissension
in
the
house
Royall
of
France
,
mightily
endeuoureth
to
draw
the
vnited
Prouinces
to
a
Truce
,
laboureth
to
disengage
the
Duke
of
Saxonie
from
the
Swedish
partie
,
neither
is
shee
cast
off
by
any
repulse
.
And
yet
notwithstanding
shee
spares
neither
men
nor
money
for
to
raise
new
armies
to
oppose
her
ennemies
.
In
briefe
,
necessitie
has
reduced
euery
one
to
follow
his
true
interest
,
which
is
the
reason
that
in
this
last
reuolution
,
the
contestation
about
these
affaires
is
of
longer
continuance
.
THE
SEVENTH
DISCOVRSE
VPON
THE
commotions
that
happened
in
Italie
for
the
succession
of
the
Dutchies
of
Mantua
and
Montferrat
.
ITALIE
enjoyed
a
profound
peace
,
and
found
it selfe
wholly
exempt
from
suspiciōs
,
which
are
wōt
to
disturbe
the
repose
of
States
,
when
on
a
sudaine
happened
the
death
of
Francis
Duke
of
Mantua
,
which
(
one
may
say
)
produced
the
seeds
of
all
those
troubles
that
haue
at
seuerall
times
since
disrested
this
Country
.
For
,
Charles
Emanuel
Duke
of
Sauoye
,
quarrelling
(
in
right
of
his
grand
child
Marie
)
for
t●e
Dutchie
of
Montferrat
with
Ferdinand
,
so
inkindled
the
fire
of
warre
in
Italie
as
since
it
was
neuer
so
well
extinct
,
but
that
from
time
to
time
the
cinders
thereof
haue
caused
new
flames
.
Ferdinand
supported
rather
by
the
justice
of
his
cause
then
by
his
owne
forces
,
implored
the
aide
of
all
the
Prince
,
which
by
common
interest
were
obliged
not
to
suffer
such
an
outrage
.
Marie
in
whose
hands
at
that
time
lay
the
gouernment
of
France
,
thinking
of
nothing
more
(
during
the
minoritie
of
the
King
her
sonne
)
then
to
maintaine
her selfe
in
peace
,
shee
beleeued
shee
had
enough
to
doe
to
smother
the
factions
of
the
Kingdome
,
and
to
appease
by
all
meanes
those
that
were
capable
to
resist
her
authoritie
.
So
shee
regarded
the
commotions
of
Italie
no
further
then
to
endeauour
to
asswage
them
,
and
shee
imployed
her
credit
to
induce
the
Pope
to
interpose
between
the
two
parties
for
their
accord
.
The
King
of
Spaine
considered
the
beginning
of
this
discord
after
another
manner
.
For
perceiuing
the
aduantage
that
might
from
thence
accrue
vnto
him
,
he
intermedled
so
farre
in
all
the
whole
course
of
this
affaire
,
as
he
failed
but
very
little
to
draw
from
thence
aduantages
proportionall
to
his
designes
.
The
Princes
of
Italie
,
whilst
the
game
was
playing
,
looked
on
without
medling
therewith
.
The
grand
Duke
vndertooke
the
defence
of
the
Duke
of
Mantua
,
beleeuing
he
was
obliged
by
his
proper
interest
to
assist
the
weaker
against
the
stronger
,
besides
the
particular
reasons
that
incited
him
thereunto
.
The
Duke
of
Sauoye
seeing
the
small
aduancement
that
he
could
hope
for
from
his
entreprise
,
hearkened
to
an
accord
which
was
proposed
to
him
,
and
letting
the
businesse
be
put
to
a
treatie
;
he
contented
himselfe
with
the
glorie
that
he
durst
vndertake
to
vsurpe
vpon
his
neighbour
,
and
so
all
this
goodly
designe
vanish'd
it
to
smoake
euen
as
it
had
beene
plotted
against
all
reason
,
it
being
not
the
interest
of
a
Duke
of
Sauoye
,
now
of
any
other
Prince
of
Italie
to
imbroile
himselfe
with
his
neighbours
,
since
all
the
aduantage
that
can
〈◊〉
aid
from
their
〈◊〉
is
to
see
the
difference
reconciled
by
the
power
of
one
of
these
two
Kings
,
which
cannot
be
without
manifest
danger
.
This
businesse
so
ended
,
the
King
of
Spaine
who
had
an
eye
euer
vpon
Piemont
as
a
piece
that
lay
fitt
for
him
,
saught
a
plausible
pretext
to
quarell
the
Duke
of
Sauoye
.
For
,
considering
France
out
of
case
to
medle
with
the
affaires
of
Italie
,
the
Duke
of
Sauoye
by
the
late
warre
,
exhausted
both
of
men
and
money
,
and
the
other
Princes
of
Italie
disunited
betwixt
themselues
,
He
thought
fit
to
take
this
time
to
enter
in
to
Piemont
,
hoping
,
as
he
had
had
the
glorie
to
be
arbitratour
of
the
first
controuersie
,
without
gaining
so
fauourable
an
occasion
for
his
particular
profitt
,
he
would
make
amends
for
his
default
by
reinflaming
a
second
warre
.
He
inuaded
then
the
Territories
of
the
Duke
of
Sauoye
,
where
finding
more
resistance
then
he
expected
,
he
was
in
the
end
fayne
to
make
peace
.
It
is
true
that
France
bestirred
herselfe
in
this
second
occasion
,
but
the
principall
commendation
therein
is
due
to
the
Marshall
de
Lesdigui●et
,
who
in
all
this
warre
(
albeit
that
he
followed
his
particular
ends
)
engaged
France
to
embrace
her
true
interest
,
as
shee
ought
to
haue
done
in
the
former
commotion
.
This
second
trouble
being
appeased
,
the
most
vnderstanding
men
judged
well
that
Italie
was
not
to
continue
long
time
in
peace
.
Because
they
saw
Ferdinand
Duke
of
Mantua
childlesse
,
and
his
brother
Vincent
leading
so
disordered
a
life
,
as
they
beleeued
he
could
not
liue
long
,
and
the
euent
was
answerable
to
their
opinion
.
For
,
after
Ferdinand's
death
,
Vincent
(
continuing
the
disorders
whereunto
he
had
formerly
accustomed
his
body
)
died
,
leauing
his
cousin
Charles
de
Gonzague
,
Duke
of
Neuers
heire
of
his
Estates
,
who
alone
by
all
right
could
pretend
there
.
The
death
of
Vincent
,
although
it
was
well
enough
foreseene
,
yet
it
astonished
all
the
Princes
of
Italie
in
such
a
manner
as
euery
one
beganne
seriously
to
consider
his
affaires
.
The
Venetians
foreseeing
that
the
Spaniards
could
not
endure
the
inheritance
should
be
conferred
on
the
Duke
of
Neuers
,
and
that
therefore
they
would
diuert
the
Emperour
from
giuing
him
the
inuestiture
,
they
resolued
to
doe
their
best
for
to
frustrate
their
designes
,
supposing
it
would
be
a
cast
too
pre●udiciall
to
them
,
to
see
a
Prince
depending
on
the
House
of
Austria
established
in
an
Estate
set
in
the
middest
of
their
owne
.
That
which
most
troubled
the
Republike
,
was
the
siege
of
Rochelle
,
where
the
King
of
France
was
so
ingaged
,
that
he
had
not
any
hope
to
be
free
a
long
time
.
The
Pope
was
agitated
with
the
same
motiues
as
the
Republicke
of
Venice
,
but
he
could
not
so
openly
shew
vnto
the
King
the
desire
which
he
had
to
disengage
him
from
thence
,
least
he
should
thereby
witnesse
that
his
particular
interest
was
more
preualent
then
that
of
the
Catholike
Church
,
for
the
honour
whereof
they
pleaded
in
depressing
the
Huguenots
.
The
other
Princes
of
Italie
kept
close
,
not
daring
to
shew
which
way
their
inclination
was
bent
.
The
Duke
of
Sauoye
onely
imagined
that
he
might
profit
by
th●s
warre
,
and
vpon
the
good
opinion
that
he
had
of
himselfe
,
was
perswaded
that
he
might
share
the
conquest
of
Montferrat
with
the
house
of
Austria
.
The
King
of
Spaine
t●king
his
aduantage
by
the
siege
of
Rochelle
,
and
by
the
presumption
of
the
Duke
of
Sauoye
thought
fit
to
take
his
opportunitie
to
seise
vpon
Cazal
.
Wee
must
confesse
that
his
designe
was
well
conceiued
,
and
with
great
likelylood
of
a
fortunate
successe
.
Hitherto
the
Spaniards
had
in
euery
thing
so
well
taken
their
time
,
that
it
seemed
a
thing
impossible
to
crosse
their
designes
,
neuerthelesse
the
wheele
of
their
good
fortunes
beganne
here
to
stop
,
and
from
hence
forward
wee
haue
seene
a
continuall
company
of
ill
accidents
befall
them
,
whi●h
last
euen
to
this
day
.
For
Loüys
by
an
incredible
diligence
and
resolution
takes
Rochelle
in
despite
of
the
English
,
forceth
the
Streight
of
Suze
,
relieueth
Cazal
,
and
so
endangers
the
Dutchie
of
Milaine
,
that
had
it
not
beene
for
the
troubles
in
Languedork
which
he
desired
to
make
an
end
of
,
he
might
haue
carried
it
away
from
the
King
of
Spaine
at
the
first
blow
.
The
Spaniards
secure
themselues
,
and
recouering
the
paths
of
their
ordinarie
prudence
,
seise
vpon
the
Grisons
,
cause
most
mightie
Armies
to
passe
that
way
,
send
Marquesse
Spinola
to
the
gouernment
of
Milaine
,
raise
an
armie
in
Italie
,
and
besiege
Cazal
anew
.
Lewys
sendeth
strong
forces
into
Piemont
.
The
Duke
of
Sauoye
would
amuse
him
with
hopes
of
a
peace
:
but
he
met
with
his
match
,
with
such
an
vndaunted
courage
that
both
in
sight
of
him
and
Spinola
,
he
forced
from
him
Pignerol
,
which
will
be
an
euerlasting
memoriall
to
posteritie
of
the
Raigne
of
Lewis
.
The
siege
of
Cazal
continues
.
The
pestilence
rageth
in
both
the
two
armies
.
The
Venetians
receiue
an
ouerthrow
towards
the
Mantuan
.
The
citie
of
Mantua
is
surprised
.
Notwithstanding
all
these
accidents
Lewis
assembles
new
forces
,
and
prouides
to
relieue
Cazal
,
In
the
meane
time
he
falles
sicke
at
Lyons
.
The
Spaniard
sowes
dissention
in
his
Counsell
,
which
interrupteth
the
course
of
so
many
heroïke
actions
,
and
after
so
many
stormes
past
,
one
seemes
vpon
the
point
to
suffer
shipwracke
in
the
hauen
.
There
appeared
his
vertue
against
whom
all
these
deuises
were
contriued
,
for
at
length
he
got
out
of
this
Labyrinth
by
the
clue
of
honour
.
The
King
recouers
his
health
:
Cazal
is
brauely
relieued
:
and
the
Duke
of
Mantua
not
onely
reestablished
in
his
Dominions
,
but
(
which
will
seeme
incredible
to
after
ages
)
he
is
inuested
therein
by
the
Emperour
.
The
Grizons
are
set
at
libertie
:
Italie
is
freed
from
the
armies
of
Strangers
:
the
port
lies
open
to
her
assistance
,
and
for
diuers
defections
of
the
Duke
of
Lorraine
they
make
sure
of
his
Estates
by
which
meanes
the
communication
of
Italie
with
Flanders
in
barred
See
here
the
true
and
liuely
table
of
these
differences
,
where
note
first
of
all
the
Duke
of
Sauoye
his
fault
in
hauing
imagined
that
he
should
share
Moniferrat
with
the
House
of
Austria
in
despite
of
France
,
it
being
a
case
most
euident
,
that
he
could
not
faile
to
be
dispoyled
by
the
one
or
the
other
,
or
by
both
two
together
,
if
extraordinarie
indulgence
had
not
beene
vsed
towards
him
.
It
is
also
a
thing
wholly
manifest
that
the
Duke
of
Lorraine
hath
forsakē
the
maxime
of
his
true
interest
in
taking
by
a
fi●t
of
jollitie
the
partie
of
the
Empe●our
against
that
of
France
,
in
a
season
when
the
House
of
Austria
was
so
vnable
to
d●fend
herselfe
,
and
that
of
France
so
free
to
enterprise
.
As
for
the
Emperour
,
he
cannot
excuse
himselfe
for
hauing
inuaded
Italie
before
he
was
sure
of
Germanie
,
and
for
hauing
quitted
the
pretence
of
Religion
(
which
hath
so
much
serued
him
)
in
oppressing
the
Duke
of
Mantua
being
a
great
Catholike
.
The
resolution
of
France
will
be
for
euer
memorable
,
which
notwithstanding
the
siege
of
Roehelle
assisted
by
the
English
:
and
the
warre
in
Languedoc
which
the
Spaniard
made
shew
to
foment
,
has
not
albeit
euer
abandonned
her
true
maximes
,
in
assisting
powerfully
her
Neigbours
,
and
euery
where
dashing
the
projects
of
Spaine
.
Whence
I
conclude
,
that
the
glorie
of
the
King
,
the
greatnesse
of
his
State
,
and
the
eminent
reputation
that
he
now
enjoyeth
,
will
continue
as
long
as
he
shall
remaine
constant
in
this
resolution
.
FINIS
.