¶
THE
VIEW
OF
Valyaunce
.
THe
auncient
name
of
Spayne
,
was
sometime
called
Hiberia
:
A
prouince
of
such
largenesse
,
as
hath
bene
thought
incredible
.
Conteining
by
the
olde
accompt
.xij.
C.L.
miles
,
as
wel
in
length
as
bredth
.
It
hath
the
same
Confines
,
that
it
hath
euer
had
,
vz.
the
Pyrenaei
Mountains
to
the
North
Occean
,
and
the
Tyrrhene
Sea
,
to
the
Pillours
of
Hercules
.
The
first
inhabitaunce
of
it
is
diuers
,
as
of
al
Countryes
:
of
the
which
to
make
much
a
doe
,
I
doe
not
intend
:
sauing
that
I
will
not
omit
,
how
that
the
Phoenicians
traded
Merchandise
and
toke
vp
place
of
habitation
ther
,
&
that
Arganthonius
King
of
Tartesso
,
gaue
certeine
Grecians
that
came
to
visite
him
,
conuenient
grounde
to
dwell
in
.
After
some
hee
lived
but
▪
120.
and
after
some
300.
yeares
.
Which
king
,
as
stories
telleth
vs
,
liued
an
C.L.
yeares
.
This
Region
so
rich
&
aboundant
,
the
Carthaginians
,
coueted
to
possesse
before
the
Romaines
,
and
vexed
them
so
continually
that
the
Romaines
wer
called
of
one
part
to
giue
them
ayde
.
Amilcar
of
Carthage
,
surnamed
Barcha
,
was
the
first
that
did
any
great
feat
in
Spayne
,
who
béeing
accused
at
home
for
his
doings
abroad
,
and
afrayd
to
come
to
aunswere
,
immediately
after
the
warre
of
Africa
,
which
was
caused
of
his
vntruth
,
not
keping
promise
with
the
souldiors
,
that
serued
him
in
Sicily
,
he
went
with
his
armie
into
Spayne
,
&
spoyled
the
country
which
had
not
offended
.
Wherfore
the
Lords
and
princes
of
Hiberia
,
confedered
together
,
&
slew
him
after
this
sort
.
In
the
front
of
their
hoast
,
they
had
placed
certeine
carres
of
woode
,
which
went
afore
,
&
they
followed
in
order
.
The
Carthaginians
not
knowing
what
they
ment
,
made
a
laughter
at
the
matter
:
but
when
they
began
to
buckle
,
the
Hiberians
set
the
carres
a
fire
,
which
made
the
Oxen
so
in
rage
,
that
they
droue
vpon
the
Africanes
,
&
brake
their
battaile
,
by
which
occasion
,
the
Spaniards
killed
many
of
them
,
A
milcar
slaine
.
with
their
Capitaine
Amilcar
.
But
the
Carthaginians
finding
a
swéetenes
in
Spaine
,
sent
an
other
armie
thether
,
&
made
Asdrubal
sonne
in
law
to
Barcha
,
General
of
the
same
,
Ther
we
sundry
of
this
name
whereoft
one
was
naturall
brother
to
Annibal
.
&
made
Annibal
,
his
brother
in
law
,
his
liuetenant
,
which
afterward
atchieued
,
so
great
a
fame
of
Chiualrye
.
And
these
two
,
won
all
the
country
vnto
the
riuer
Iberus
,
wheroff
it
had
the
name
,
and
diuideth
it
in
the
midst
.
The
Saguntines
,
The
Zacynthiane
builded
Sagunt
.
a
generation
descended
of
the
Zacynthians
,
inhabited
in
the
midst
of
the
mountaines
,
&
the
Riuer
,
with
certein
other
people
of
Grecia
.
These
being
afrayde
of
the
Carthaginians
power
,
sent
foure
Ambassadours
to
Rome
to
ha●e
their
help
.
The
Senate
sent
their
Orators
to
Carthage
,
wher
it
was
concluded
,
that
the
confine
of
the
Carthaginians
dominion
in
Spayne
,
should
be
the
riuer
Iberus
,
&
that
the
Romains
should
not
passe
the
hether
side
of
the
same
,
nor
the
Carthaginians
goe
beyond
it
,
&
that
the
Saguntines
&
other
Greeke
people
should
remaine
frée
.
Shortly
after
this
agréement
,
Asdrubal
slaine
by
a
slaue
.
to
reuenge
the
death
of
his
master
.
Asdrubal
was
slain
of
a
slaue
,
the
reuenged
the
death
of
his
master
,
whom
the
same
Asdrubal
had
cruelly
murdered
.
And
the
armie
ther
,
made
young
Annibal
Barcha
their
General
,
of
whom
they
had
conceiued
great
hope
.
This
Annibal
had
a
priuie
malyce
against
the
Romaines
,
béeing
therto
incensed
of
his
father
when
he
was
a
childe
,
and
made
to
sweare
vpon
the
Altar
of
the
burning
Sacrifice
,
that
he
should
be
perpetuall
enemie
to
the
Romaines
.
The
inward
grudge
and
Old
malice
of
Annibal
toward
the
Romaines
.
Hée
thoughte
long
to
picke
a
quarrell
against
them
,
&
perswaded
the
Torboletanes
,
neighbours
to
the
Saguntines
,
to
come
vnto
him
and
complaine
of
iniuries
that
they
should
doe
them
.
They
did
so
,
and
he
sent
their
Ambassadours
to
Carthage
,
&
with
priuie
letters
procured
his
friends
to
fall
out
with
the
Romaines
,
which
thing
taking
place
,
he
caused
the
Torboletanes
,
once
againe
to
come
vnto
him
,
&
complaine
of
the
Saguntines
,
in
the
which
they
also
obeyed
him
.
He
,
vppon
this
pretence
,
sent
to
the
Saguntines
,
that
they
shold
appoint
xv
.
discréete
men
to
treate
of
this
controuersie
:
whom
being
come
to
his
presence
,
he
commaunded
to
shew
their
matter
:
they
aunswered
,
they
would
leaue
that
,
to
the
iudgement
of
the
Senate
of
Rome
.
Annibal
made
no
more
words
,
but
the
same
night
passed
the
Riuer
with
all
his
Campe
,
and
spoyled
the
countrey
euen
to
the
walls
of
Sagunt
,
Sagunt
besieged
.
and
after
layd
siege
to
the
cittie
.
The
Saguntines
sent
for
ayde
to
the
Romains
,
who
after
their
manner
,
sent
Ambassadors
to
Annibal
,
to
record
vnto
him
the
chapiters
of
accorde
.
When
they
were
come
into
Spayne
,
he
sent
them
word
,
they
shold
come
no
nigher
him
,
wherfore
they
went
to
Carthage
,
wher
they
had
but
small
enterteinment
.
And
so
with
the
debating
of
the
matter
,
and
deferring
to
send
help
in
time
,
the
poore
Saguntines
were
driuen
to
extreame
desperation
.
For
Annibal
helde
them
so
streight
,
that
they
had
oppression
of
famine
,
and
all
kinde
of
lacke
.
Wherefore
entending
to
dye
valyauntlye
,
they
brought
all
their
corne
into
the
market
place
,
and
corrupted
it
,
and
then
issued
out
in
the
night
and
assaulted
the
watche
of
the
Campe
,
Valiaunt
stomacks
of
the
Saguntines
.
and
killed
many
of
their
enemies
,
and
in
the
ende
they
were
all
slaine
.
Which
when
the
women
in
the
towne
perceiued
,
some
lepte
from
the
top
of
their
houses
,
some
choked
themselues
,
some
killed
first
their
children
,
and
then
they
followed
,
Sagunt
conquered
.
and
this
ende
had
this
noble
and
rich
citie
of
Sagunt
.
Annibal
entred
the
citie
,
&
in
it
planted
inhabitaunts
of
his
own
country
,
and
named
it
Carthage
Spartagena
.
The
Romaines
were
much
abashed
at
the
losse
of
this
citie
,
and
sent
Ambassadours
to
Carthage
,
to
haue
Annibal
delyuered
vnto
them
,
as
a
breaker
of
league
and
accord
.
The
Carthaginians
,
made
lyght
of
them
,
and
dalyed
at
the
matter
:
Wherefore
the
Romaine
Ambassadour
,
tooke
vp
a
quarter
of
his
gowne
,
and
folded
it
together
,
saying
:
In
this
lappe
I
haue
peace
and
warre
,
Open
d●fiaunce
betweene
Rome
and
Carthage
.
chuse
which
you
wil.
Nay
(
quoth
they
)
offer
which
thou
lyst
,
I
offer
warre
,
(
quoth
he
,
)
and
we
take
it
(
quoth
they
)
And
vpon
the
same
,
they
wrote
to
Annibal
the
he
shold
range
ouer
al
Spaine
,
sparing
no
countrey
,
&
so
he
did
,
&
either
by
faire
meanes
or
foule
,
brought
it
to
his
deuotion
.
Now
had
Annibal
that
he
would
haue
,
all
whose
desire
was
to
inuade
Italy
,
&
prepared
for
it
accordingly
,
allying
himselfe
with
the
French-men
,
and
leauing
his
brother
Asdrubal
in
Spaine
.
The
Romaines
who
thought
the
warre
would
be
hottest
in
Spayne
&
Afrike
,
sent
their
power
thether
,
not
once
thinking
,
that
the
Carthaginians
would
haue
come
into
Italy
.
Tiberius
Sempronius
Longus
tooke
his
voyage
into
Afrike
,
with
C.lxii.
ships
,
&
two
Legions
.
And
Publius
Cornelius
Scipio
came
into
Spayne
,
with
.lx.
ships
,
x
M.
footemen
,
and
vii
.
C.
horsemen
,
and
his
Brother
Gneus
Cornelius
Scipio
was
his
Liuetenaunt
.
Publius
by
the
waye
vnderstoode
of
the
Merchaunts
of
Marsilios
,
that
Anniball
was
passed
the
Alpes
:
Wherefore
hée
fearing
that
the
Italians
should
bee
taken
napping
,
left
the
gouernment
of
the
Armie
to
his
brother
,
and
with
one
Galley
,
went
into
Tuscaine
,
to
make
preparation
against
Annibal
.
After
a
while
this
Publius
,
retourned
into
Spayne
as
Vice-generall
,
&
with
his
brother
kept
warre
with
Asdrubal
.
It
chaunced
that
Siphax
Kinge
of
Numidia
,
Called
new
Barbarie
.
made
such
inuasion
vpon
the
Carthaginians
,
that
they
sent
for
Asdrubal
&
a
part
of
his
armie
to
come
home
,
in
whose
absence
,
the
.ii.
Scipioes
by
their
pollycie
,
got
wonderfully
in
Spayne
.
Wherefore
when
the
Carthaginians
wer
accorded
with
Siphax
,
they
sent
againe
Asdrubal
into
Spayne
,
with
moe
men
,
and
two
newe
Capitaines
,
Mago
&
Asdrubal
Gisgo
:
after
whose
retourne
,
the
Romaines
had
inough
to
doe
,
and
yet
seemed
to
haue
the
better
hande
.
Publius
Cornelius
Scipio
and
his
brother
slaine
with
too
much
hardinesse
.
When
they
wer
in
Winter
campe
,
newes
came
to
Publius
Scipio
,
the
Asdrubal
was
comming
toward
him
:
he
went
with
a
few
men
to
espye
his
doing
,
and
being
some-what
too
hardye
,
was
caught
in
a
trayne
,
and
he
and
al
his
men
slaine
.
His
brother
vnderstanding
the
fray
,
and
not
knowing
the
chaunce
,
came
foorth
with
his
light
horsemen
to
ayde
him
,
but
the
Carthaginians
encountred
him
with
such
a
multitude
,
that
he
was
driuen
into
a
Tower
,
and
there
,
with
all
his
men
destroyed
.
Thus
perished
these
two
worthy
Capitaines
,
men
of
noble
courage
.
This
was
heauy
tidings
at
Rome
,
and
by
and
by
Marcellus
and
Claudius
were
sent
into
Spayne
,
with
.ii.
M.
horse
,
x.
M.
men
,
&
a
Nauy
,
&
money
conuenient
.
They
did
no
great
good
there
,
insomuch
as
the
Carthaginians
encroached
so
farre
as
the
Mountaines
.
The
Romains
wer
in
great
agony
,
for
if
they
shold
haue
giuen
ouer
Spaine
,
they
looked
for
double
warre
in
Italy
,
&
yet
had
they
so
much
a
doe
at
home
,
that
they
could
spare
no
power
abroad
:
Notwithstanding
to
auoyd
the
worst
,
they
appoynted
a
daye
for
the
creation
of
a
fit
Capitaine
into
Spayne
.
There
was
no
man
woulde
take
the
matter
in
hande
,
till
Cornelius
Scipio
sonne
to
Publius
that
was
slayne
in
Spayne
,
A
patterue
of
a
most
valiant
towardly
&
victorius
Cap●●aine
.
being
scarcely
.xxiiii.
yeare
of
age
stoode
vp
,
&
lamenting
the
death
of
his
father
&
vnckle
,
whose
reuengement
he
said
,
apperteined
to
him
,
spake
with
such
vehemencie
,
as
a
man
rapte
of
God
,
insomuch
that
the
people
were
wonderfully
glad
of
him
,
&
chose
him
Capitaine
generall
into
Spayne
.
But
the
auntient
fathers
sayd
,
he
was
too
rash
,
&
to
great
an
auauntour
,
&
doubted
of
his
procéedings
.
Wherfore
hée
came
again
,
&
spake
as
he
did
before
,
&
yet
(
he
sayd
)
he
wold
be
loth
,
his
youth
should
be
any
let
to
the
maiestie
of
the
People
of
Rome
,
therfore
if
any
man
would
take
the
enterprise
in
hand
,
he
would
willingly
giue
place
,
but
for
al
their
words
,
ther
was
no
man
would
take
the
thing
vpon
him
,
but
he
and
so
there
were
appointed
x.
M.
men
,
v.
C.
horse
,
and
xxviii
,
long
shippes
,
no
more
could
be
spared
for
feare
of
Annibal
.
When
he
was
come
into
Spayne
,
he
mostrued
his
men
&
purged
the
hoast
,
and
spake
with
such
vehemencie
vnto
them
,
that
he
was
thought
to
be
sent
of
god
,
which
opinion
when
he
knew
,
he
confirmed
it
by
his
polytique
deuices
,
and
pretended
to
doe
all
things
by
diuine
inspiration
.
For
he
vsed
many
times
to
go
into
the
Temple
alone
and
to
shut
the
dore
after
him
and
therevppon
was
thoght
to
haue
conference
with
Iuppiter
.
Numanda
besieged
&
wonne
by
Scipio
.
When
he
had
learned
that
the
enemies
were
encamped
in
diuers
places
▪
and
that
Mago
was
at
Sagunt
,
now
called
new
Carthage
,
with
x.
M.
men
,
he
determined
to
giue
the
first
onset
there
,
as
well
for
the
smal
number
,
as
for
the
commoditie
of
the
place
,
without
the
which
,
the
Romaines
shold
haue
but
hard
landing
in
Spayne
.
He
toke
his
iourney
before
night
,
&
in
the
morning
was
at
Carthage
,
&
immediately
layd
his
siege
and
entrenched
it
,
whereat
the
Carthaginians
were
astonished
.
The
next
day
he
entended
to
assault
it
,
and
appointed
scaling
ladders
and
engines
for
euery
part
,
except
one
,
where
the
wall
was
low
and
not
warded
,
being
defensed
with
a
standing
water
and
the
Sea
.
When
all
things
were
furnished
,
and
the
ships
at
the
mouth
of
the
port
,
before
day
he
commaunded
his
souldiours
in
part
,
to
giue
the
assault
from
the
engines
to
annoy
them
aboue
,
and
in
part
with
other
engines
for
the
purpose
to
batter
the
wall
beneath
.
Mago
had
appointed
his
men
likewise
,
partly
to
break
out
at
the
gates
&
to
fight
beneath
with
their
swords
,
bicause
it
was
too
narrowe
for
the
pikes
,
and
partlye
with
stones
,
&
fire
,
and
other
deuises
to
defende
from
the
wall
.
Ther
was
an
hote
assault
,
ther
was
no
courage
vnshewed
,
there
was
no
deuice
to
seeke
.
The
Romaines
that
stoode
at
the
batterie
beneath
,
wer
sore
handeled
of
them
that
issued
out
with
short
weapons
:
but
they
whose
harts
euen
encreaseth
in
daunger
,
so
manfully
behaued
themselues
,
that
they
droue
the
enemie
in
.
They
that
defended
the
Battlements
,
began
also
to
shrincke
,
so
that
the
Romaines
began
to
take
holde
with
their
scaling
ladders
:
But
they
that
had
fought
without
,
mounted
the
wals
,
&
repulsed
the
Romaines
very
valyauntly
.
Scipio
did
the
office
of
a
good
Capitaine
,
incouraging
his
Souldiours
,
and
continuing
the
fight
,
till
the
time
came
that
he
had
appoynted
,
&
made
no
man
priuie
.
Secrecie
&
wise
dealing
in
a
polytique
At
middaye
the
water
that
was
on
one
side
of
the
wal
,
was
so
low
,
that
a
man
might
wade
ouer
by
the
mid-legge
.
General
of
great
force
Wherefore
he
tooke
the
occasion
,
and
cryed
vnto
them
:
Now
is
the
time
(
valyaunt
souldiors
)
now
is
the
time
,
wherin
God
hath
appointed
you
to
winne
this
cittie
.
The
Sea
and
the
fresh
water
maketh
you
way
,
bring
your
ladders
,
follow
me
,
and
all
is
yours
.
He
tooke
a
ladder
,
&
entred
the
water
,
and
his
band
of
men
followed
,
he
was
the
first
that
set
the
scale
to
the
wall
to
haue
gone
vp
,
but
certeine
of
his
Gard
and
other
stayed
him
,
whiles
the
Souldiours
brought
their
ladders
and
scaled
.
Reliefe
came
vnto
this
side
,
with
great
tumulte
on
euery
parte
,
and
the
fight
continued
long
and
sharpe
,
till
at
length
the
victory
was
the
Romaines
,
who
first
got
certeine
lyttle
Touers
,
vpon
the
which
Scipio
made
the
Flutes
&
the
Drums
to
goe
,
to
encourage
the
rest
of
the
Romaines
:
at
the
which
sight
,
some
of
the
Citie
fledde
,
as
all
had
bene
taken
,
and
some
abode
by
it
manfully
,
til
certeine
of
the
Romaines
lept
downe
and
opened
the
gates
to
Scipio
,
who
entred
with
all
his
armie
:
&
then
euery
man
fledde
,
some
this
way
,
some
that
way
.
Mago
with
a
good
band
a
while
kept
the
Market
place
,
&
after
his
men
wer
slaine
,
&
he
could
not
holde
out
,
he
fled
with
a
few
into
the
Castle
,
where
,
for
lacke
of
all
things
,
he
yéelded
shortlye
after
.
When
Scipio
had
taken
this
,
so
rich
&
mightie
a
cittie
in
one
day
,
&
the
iiij
.
after
his
comming
into
Spayne
,
euery
man
thought
him
to
do
all
things
rather
by
diuine
inspiration
,
than
by
mans
policie
,
which
opinion
,
he
all
his
life
maintained
,
by
such
means
as
he
vsed
,
which
was
many
times
,
to
enter
alone
into
the
high
Temple
of
Rome
in
the
Capitol
,
&
to
shut
the
dores
to
him
,
as
though
God
had
ther
taught
him
his
lesson
.
Wherfore
in
Triumphes
al
other
Images
are
taken
out
of
the
Common
place
,
but
the
Image
of
Scipio
is
taken
out
of
the
Capitol
.
When
he
had
got
this
citie
,
which
shold
be
as
a
receipt
&
munition
as
wel
in
peace
as
in
warre
,
he
sacrificed
to
god
,
praised
his
host
,
&
recomforted
the
inhabitants
,
recording
to
them
the
memorie
of
his
auncestors
.
The
riches
of
the
Citie
was
infinit
,
for
ther
was
aboundaunce
,
&
great
store
of
armure
,
artillerie
both
for
the
land
&
sea
,
vittaile
&
corne
,
Iuory
,
golde
,
&
siluer
,
coined
&
vncoyned
,
the
pledges
&
prisoners
of
Spayne
,
&
all
other
things
afore
taken
from
the
Romaines
.
The
prisoners
he
set
free
,
to
win
friendship
of
their
countries
.
He
most
bountifully
rewarded
him
,
A
worthy
warrior
to
encourage
his
souldiors
rewardeth
ech
according
to
their
valyant
seruice
.
the
first
boldly
scaled
the
wall
,
&
halfe
so
much
to
the
second
,
&
ratably
to
the
rest
.
Al
that
precious
things
he
sent
to
Rome
,
wher
sacrifice
was
made
iij.
dayes
together
.
Now
began
the
Carthaginians
&
al
Spayne
to
tremble
at
the
feate
of
this
Scipio
,
as
a
thing
passing
man
his
reason
.
Immediately
vpon
the
fame
of
this
victory
,
a
countrey
in
Spayne
called
Betica
toke
the
Romains
part
,
Which
is
now
the
countrey
of
Granada
.
&
Mago
one
of
the
contrary
Capitaines
inuaded
that
Region
.
Scipio
hearing
thereoff
,
made
spéede
thether-wards
,
and
with
little
labour
,
enforced
him
to
forsake
the
ground
.
Asdrubal
,
Mago
&
Massimissa
,
vnited
their
forces
together
,
&
Scipio
tooke
his
place
a
mile
off
,
or
little
more
.
They
had
in
their
campe
aboue
.lxx.
M.
men
,
&
v.
M.
horsmen
,
with
.xxxvi.
Elephants
.
Scipio
had
not
the
thirde
part
,
&
therfore
durst
not
come
to
fight
,
but
spent
the
time
in
skirmishing
.
And
when
he
saw
his
vittailes
fayled
him
,
and
thought
it
reproch
to
depart
,
he
made
sacrifice
,
and
assembled
the
souldiors
in
conuenient
place
to
be
heard
,
and
with
countenaunce
chaunged
,
lyke
a
man
inspired
of
God
,
he
told
them
that
his
accustomed
Angell
had
appeared
vnto
him
,
and
giuen
him
courage
to
fight
,
forasmuch
,
as
victory
did
rather
consist
in
the
ayde
of
God
,
then
in
the
number
of
men
.
And
that
they
might
beléeue
him
the
better
,
he
caused
the
Maisters
of
the
Ceremonies
and
sacrifices
,
to
report
what
they
saw
in
the
same
.
And
whiles
he
was
about
this
matter
,
behold
a
number
of
birds
,
came
flying
ouer
him
,
which
béeing
wont
to
be
taken
for
a
luckie
token
,
he
did
not
let
it
passe
,
but
tourned
his
body
and
sight
toward
their
flight
,
and
as
a
man
in
furie
,
cryed
to
the
armie
to
behold
this
token
of
victory
.
At
the
sight
whereoff
,
euerye
man
tourned
himselfe
as
he
did
,
and
required
that
they
might
go
fight
:
A
wise
capitaine
letteth
no
occasion
slip
,
that
may
anie
reayes
further
his
affaires
.
When
he
perceiued
his
deuise
to
take
place
,
he
said
he
would
follow
the
signes
of
heauen
,
and
ordered
his
men
for
the
battaile
.
And
when
the
souldiours
had
taken
repast
,
he
committed
the
horsemen
to
Sillanus
,
and
the
footemen
to
Laelius
,
and
Martius
.
When
the
Capitaines
of
the
enimies
sawe
this
sodaine
assault
,
they
armed
themselues
with
great
confusion
,
hauing
yet
taken
no
repast
.
The
onset
was
giuen
on
both
partes
at
once
,
as
well
by
the
horsemen
as
footemen
.
The
Numidians
that
were
there
with
Massimssa
vsed
to
come
fearsely
vpon
their
enimies
,
&
spende
their
Darts
,
and
then
retyre
,
&
when
they
had
a
while
fled
,
they
would
returne
as
fearsly
againe
.
Scipio
had
deuised
that
the
Romaines
should
follow
them
so
neare
with
speare
in
rest
,
that
their
launching
tooles
shold
stand
them
in
little
stéede
.
And
so
they
had
the
worst
in
that
fight
,
but
the
footemen
of
the
Romaines
were
so
ouerlayd
with
the
multitude
of
the
others
,
that
all
the
day
they
had
the
worst
,
although
Scipio
neuer
ceased
to
encourage
&
refresh
them
,
til
at
the
last
he
left
his
horse
&
taking
a
tergate
from
a
souldiour
,
stept
into
the
middest
of
them
&
cryed
,
now
Romaines
helpe
your
capitaine
,
help
your
Scipio
in
this
daunger
,
at
the
which
,
partly
for
shame
,
&
partly
for
feare
of
their
capitain
they
thrust
vpon
the
enimies
which
such
vyolence
,
that
they
coulde
not
endure
their
force
for
that
they
were
with
long
fighting
&
lack
of
sustenance
very
faint
,
being
now
neigh
night
,
&
hauing
eaten
nothing
all
the
day
.
This
was
the
battayl
at
Cerbona
.
Battaile
of
Cerbona
.
Wher
the
victory
was
a
great
while
doubtful
,
of
the
Romanes
viii
.
C.
and
of
the
Carthaginians
x.
M.
fiue
C.
were
slaine
.
After
this
losse
,
the
Carthaginians
retyred
more
&
more
,
til
Scipio
droue
than
to
a
place
,
wher
they
were
conueniently
strong
,
&
had
reliefe
of
all
things
:
Wherefore
Scipio
left
Sillanus
to
beseage
them
,
&
he
himself
went
further
into
Spaine
.
Sillanus
did
so
wel
with
his
enimies
,
that
they
recoiled
stil
,
till
they
came
to
the
streict
,
&
passed
ouer
to
Gades
.
Annibal
had
sent
for
his
brother
Asdrubal
,
that
was
prouiding
men
at
North
Spaine
,
to
come
to
him
into
Italy
:
And
bicause
he
would
deceiue
Scipio
,
he
tooke
his
way
Northerly
by
the
mountaines
Hyrenaei
.
In
this
meane
time
Liuius
was
come
from
Rome
,
to
succéed
Scipio
&
told
him
that
the
Senate
minded
to
send
him
into
Affrica
against
Carthage
,
which
enterprice
he
had
long
desired
,
&
was
glad
of
it
.
He
sent
Laelio
into
Barbaria
to
Siphax
with
many
giftes
,
requesting
him
of
aliance
,
if
hée
came
into
Affrick
,
for
the
former
loue
that
had
bene
with
him
&
his
auncesters
,
Siphax
promised
so
to
be
,
receiuing
the
gifts
,
&
sent
likwise
to
Scipio
.
When
the
Carthaginians
vnderstoode
this
,
they
also
made
out
Asdrubal
to
Siphax
to
require
him
of
confederacie
:
The
venturous
enterprise
of
Scipio
.
whiche
when
Scipio
heard
,
he
thought
to
preuent
him
,
&
which
two
Gallies
,
sailed
to
Barbary
:
when
he
was
comming
the
galies
of
Carthage
,
that
were
before
him
lay
in
wait
for
him
,
but
by
that
benifite
of
the
wynd
he
escaped
,
&
got
the
port
.
Siphax
gaue
gentle
entertainment
to
them
both
,
and
priuely
concluded
leage
with
Scipio
,
and
sent
him
away
:
The
Carthaginians
had
laide
for
him
againe
,
but
yet
by
good
fortune
he
againe
escaped
.
A
number
of
the
inhabitants
beyond
the
ryuer
,
Now
called
Biskay
.
called
Celtiberians
,
were
in
Campe
with
Hanno
,
whom
Martius
droue
to
such
a
strait
,
that
they
were
forced
to
send
him
messengers
to
treat
of
accord
:
he
bad
them
first
deliuer
their
Captaine
,
and
the
fugitiues
&
then
expounde
their
message
:
they
tooke
their
captaine
&
the
fugitiues
,
&
brought
them
to
Martius
:
he
required
also
the
prisoners
,
&
they
brought
them
:
then
he
commaunded
them
to
delyuer
him
their
mony
,
and
come
downe
to
the
plaine
,
for
it
was
not
méete
that
they
whiche
sewed
for
pardon
,
shoulde
kéepe
a
place
of
strength
.
When
they
were
come
downe
,
hée
saide
vnto
them
,
Although
yee
haue
deserued
to
die
,
hauing
forsaken
your
countrey
that
obeyeth
vs
,
and
serued
our
enimies
,
yet
I
am
content
to
let
you
all
goe
safe
,
if
you
wil
leaue
your
armour
.
At
the
whiche
word
,
they
were
so
agreeued
,
that
they
cryed
out
and
said
,
they
would
rather
die
then
so
to
doe
,
wherevpon
began
a
cruell
fight
,
in
the
which
the
halfe
of
the
Celtiberians
were
manfullye
slaine
.
Sillanus
went
to
receiue
a
citie
called
Castace
,
but
when
he
came
there
he
was
repulsed
,
wherof
he
sent
word
to
Scipio
,
who
made
readie
to
come
vnto
it
,
and
by
the
way
assaulted
the
Citie
of
Illiturgo
:
This
citie
when
the
Scipiones
were
aliue
,
was
friend
to
the
Romaines
,
but
after
their
death
plaied
a
traiterous
part
,
and
delyuered
the
Romaines
,
to
the
Carthaginians
.
Scipio
remembred
this
iniurie
,
Illiturgo
vtterly
razed
,
and
all
the
inhabytauntes
slaine
.
&
in
foure
houres
destroyed
it
,
and
although
he
were
wounded
in
the
neck
,
yet
he
gaue
not
ouer
til
he
had
the
victory
:
wherfore
the
souldiers
without
any
commandement
,
despising
al
spoile
,
killed
men
,
women
,
&
children
,
&
laid
the
city
to
the
ground
.
Being
come
to
Castace
he
Marshalled
his
camp
in
iii.
seueral
places
,
&
refrained
from
fight
,
to
sée
what
they
would
do
.
The
citizens
renouncing
the
garison
of
the
Carthaginians
deliuered
the
citie
to
the
Romaines
,
where
Scipio
left
a
man
of
their
owne
,
to
gouerne
it
.
Ther
was
a
citie
called
Astapa
,
which
had
continued
in
faith
with
the
Carthaginians
,
&
was
beseiged
of
Martius
.
They
of
the
citie
considering
,
that
if
they
were
taken
▪
they
shoulde
be
sold
as
slaues
,
caused
al
their
ritches
&
substance
,
to
be
brought
into
the
market
place
,
&
layde
a
stacke
of
woode
about
it
,
&
set
their
wiues
&
children
vpon
it
.
Desperate
&
inuincible
courage
of
the
Astapians
.
Then
did
they
choose
fifty
of
their
best
men
,
and
bound
them
by
othe
,
that
if
their
citie
were
taken
,
they
should
first
kill
their
wiues
&
children
,
&
than
themselues
,
hauing
first
set
al
on
fire
:
when
they
had
called
the
Gods
into
witnesse
of
their
purpose
,
they
came
out
&
assalted
Martius
that
looked
for
nothing
lesse
,
&
at
the
first
brunt
put
the
light
horsemen
to
flight
:
the
battaile
of
footemen
made
resistance
&
fought
it
out
.
The
Astapians
shewed
great
prowesse
,
&
though
they
were
inferiour
in
number
,
yet
were
they
nothing
inferiour
in
valour
:
And
being
deuoide
of
hope
,
fought
without
stop
,
till
they
were
al
killed
.
When
the
fiftie
of
the
towne
perceiued
that
,
they
dispatched
the
women
&
the
children
,
&
set
the
woode
a
fire
,
and
killed
themselues
.
Martius
,
had
their
noble
hearts
in
admiration
,
and
refrained
from
ruine
of
their
houses
.
It
chaunced
that
Scipio
fell
sicke
,
Mutinie
of
Souldiours
against
their
capitaine
.
and
left
the
charge
of
all
the
campe
to
Martius
,
wherefore
such
soldiours
as
had
spent
their
gaines
vpon
pleasure
,
and
thought
they
were
not
sufficiently
rewarded
,
and
that
Scipio
did
attribute
their
trauailes
to
his
glory
,
were
not
content
but
rebelled
against
Martius
.
They
camped
by
themselues
,
they
made
their
own
captains
and
gouernours
,
they
prouided
all
things
,
&
sware
to
hold
together
.
Many
of
the
country
tooke
their
part
,
&
Mago
sent
money
to
them
,
to
allure
them
to
their
sids
.
They
alwayes
tooke
the
mony
,
abode
stil
together
.
Discipline
and
pollicy
of
a
noble
capitaine
.
Scipio
wrot
his
letters
to
them
that
were
occasion
of
this
mutinie
,
excusing
the
matter
&
saying
,
that
his
sicknes
had
béen
cause
,
why
he
had
not
condignly
rewarded
them
according
to
their
deserts
,
and
that
he
would
do
it
immediatly
vpon
his
recouerye
.
Some
of
them
with
faire
words
he
caused
to
be
entreated
,
and
generally
wrote
to
them
all
,
to
leaue
their
opinion
,
and
come
to
him
to
receiue
their
reliefe
:
some
had
the
letters
in
suspect
,
and
some
thought
good
to
giue
credite
,
and
so
by
accorde
they
went
toward
Carthage
.
When
Scipio
vnderstoode
their
comming
,
he
commaunded
the
chiefe
Gentlemen
to
accompany
them
,
that
were
the
Capitaines
of
the
ryot
,
and
vnder
pretence
of
entertainment
,
to
haue
them
into
their
tentes
,
and
make
them
sure
.
He
also
gaue
order
to
the
Liefetenants
and
Marshals
of
the
army
,
that
the
next
morning
they
should
be
redie
with
their
trustie
men
,
and
if
any
made
any
businesse
while
hée
spake
,
forthwith
to
dispatch
them
.
He
betimes
in
the
morning
,
called
them
to
the
assembly
,
&
had
al
things
accordingly
.
The
soldiers
wer
scarsly
vp
,
&
made
them
ready
with
hast
,
being
ashamed
,
that
their
sicke
Capitaine
should
be
vp
before
them
,
and
came
vnarmed
and
vnready
.
He
lamented
at
their
fact
,
and
saide
:
I
will
with
your
helpe
,
chastise
the
causers
of
your
offence
.
Then
he
caused
way
to
be
made
,
that
the
gentlemen
might
bring
in
the
Capitains
,
who
cryed
to
the
Souldiours
for
helpe
,
and
by
and
by
the
Marshals
dispatched
them
.
When
the
multitude
saw
this
,
and
how
they
wer
naked
and
enclosed
with
harnessed
men
,
they
were
heauy
&
sad
.
He
caused
all
the
remnaunt
of
the
chief
&
heades
,
to
be
beaten
at
the
pale
,
Rebellious
souldiers
executed
.
and
after
beheadded
,
and
to
the
residue
hée
proclaimed
a
frée
&
generall
pardon
.
And
thus
he
redressed
his
Armie
.
There
was
a
Prince
of
Spayne
,
that
had
to
name
Indibilis
,
&
was
in
league
with
the
Romaines
.
King
Indibilis
rebelled
and
being
ouerthrown
in
battaile
entred
into
new
league
and
was
pardoned
.
Scipio
went
against
him
,
and
he
refused
not
to
fight
,
but
hauing
lost
twentie
thousand
of
his
men
,
he
was
compelled
to
aske
peace
,
which
was
graunted
him
,
vpon
paiment
of
certeine
summes
of
money
.
Massimissa
came
to
Scipio
to
confeder
with
him
,
moued
by
a
displeasure
wrought
against
him
at
Carthage
.
Massinissa
becommeth
a
most
faithfull
confederate
with
Scipio
and
the
Romaines
.
He
was
brought
vp
in
the
Citie
,
and
espoused
to
Sophonisba
,
daughter
vnto
Asdrubal
,
that
was
Generall
of
the
Armie
.
King
Siphax
also
was
in
loue
with
the
same
Gentlewoman
,
whose
beautie
was
renoumed
ouer
all
Africa
,
&
bicause
he
saw
an
other
man
preferred
,
he
tooke
disdain
,
&
allied
himselfe
with
that
Romains
.
The
Carthaginians
considering
what
a
losse
they
shold
haue
of
such
a
prince
,
sent
him
word
,
that
if
he
would
returne
againe
to
them
,
they
would
giue
him
Sophonisba
to
his
wife
.
He
tooke
the
condition
,
Siphax
maryed
to
Sophonisba
.
&
forsooke
the
Romains
,
they
maried
hir
to
him
,
in
the
absence
of
hir
father
&
hir
former
husband
,
not
making
them
priuy
to
it
.
When
Asdrubal
heard
of
it
,
he
thought
to
beare
with
it
,
bicause
it
stoode
with
the
benefit
of
his
country
▪
&
wold
not
tell
Massinissa
of
it
,
who
was
with
him
in
campe
,
but
yet
he
had
priuie
intellygence
of
it
,
&
secretly
went
to
the
Romaines
,
with
whom
euer
after
most
faithfully
he
continued
.
Then
Mago
that
was
Admirall
,
perceiuing
that
Fortune
beganne
to
lowre
&
frown
vppon
them
,
left
the
streightes
of
Gades
,
and
went
into
Fraunce
and
Liguria
,
and
so
the
Romaines
tooke
it
,
and
after
that
time
sent
yearely
Officers
to
gouerne
the
country
.
Scipio
reduced
the
Zanthianes
into
the
forme
of
a
Citie
,
&
of
that
name
of
Italy
,
called
it
Italica
,
The
country
of
Traiane
and
Adriane
Emperours
.
which
was
the
countrey
of
Traiane
and
Adriane
that
after
wer
Emperours
of
Rome
.
He
retourned
to
Rome
,
with
a
great
Nauy
&
a
rich
pray
,
&
ther
triumphed
to
that
admiration
of
all
men
.
When
Scipio
was
departed
to
Rome
,
Indibilis
rebelled
again
,
&
the
presidents
of
the
countrey
to
withstand
him
,
made
an
armie
of
such
garisons
as
wer
ther
left
,
&
of
such
other
help
as
tooke
part
with
than
,
&
had
the
day
against
him
,
where
he
was
slaine
,
the
rest
of
the
countrey
was
punished
according
to
their
deserts
.
Indibilis
slaine
.
This
was
the
end
of
the
first
expedition
the
Romaines
made
into
Spaine
.
After
a
seson
,
when
they
had
to
do
with
Philip
of
Macedon
,
more
trouble
began
in
Spain
,
&
Sempronius
Tuditanus
,
M.
Claudius
,
and
Minutius
,
were
successiuely
sent
thether
,
Cato
a
most
stout
Capitaine
&
vehement
Orator
wan
more
cities
in
Spaine
than
hee
abode
daies
and
did
no
great
good
.
Wherefore
at
length
Cato
went
in
person
,
a
young
man
in
déed
,
but
a
seuere
and
painefull
Capitaine
,
and
an
eloquent
Oratour
,
insomuch
that
he
was
worthely
compared
to
Demosthenes
.
When
he
was
come
into
Spaine
,
hée
had
an
armie
of
xl
.
M.
men
,
whom
he
continually
trained
in
feats
of
armes
,
and
when
he
was
appointed
to
fight
,
he
sent
away
his
Nauie
to
Marsyles
,
declaring
to
his
souldiours
that
only
victorye
must
be
their
refuge
,
which
standeth
not
in
huige
multitudes
,
but
in
valyaunt
courages
.
And
so
when
he
had
vsed
such
wordes
vnto
them
,
as
men
vse
rather
in
reproofes
,
than
in
exhortations
,
he
began
the
fight
,
&
in
euery
place
encouraged
his
men
valyantly
.
The
field
continued
equal
,
till
the
euening
:
he
with
thrée
bands
of
men
went
vp
to
an
hill
,
to
beholde
in
euery
place
how
the
battaile
went
,
and
saw
that
in
the
midde
battaile
his
men
had
the
worst
:
wherefore
hée
ranne
thether
with
such
a
fury
with
his
fresh
men
,
that
he
himselfe
was
the
forwardest
in
the
conflict
,
crying
&
fighting
so
fiercely
,
that
the
enimies
were
put
to
flight
,
whom
he
chased
al
the
night
,
and
tooke
their
Campe
:
and
all
the
whole
armie
attributed
the
enterprise
and
thankes
onely
to
him
as
the
chiefe
and
first
author
of
the
victory
:
he
deuided
the
spoyle
among
his
men
,
and
required
pledges
of
the
citties
.
He
sent
his
letters
to
euery
cittie
,
commaunding
the
messengers
so
to
appoynt
their
iourneyes
,
that
although
they
wer
sent
seueral
wayes
,
some
to
one
cittie
&
some
to
an
other
,
yet
they
might
arriue
,
&
debate
their
letters
all
in
one
daye
.
The
letters
commaunded
euerye
Magistrate
of
the
sayd
Citties
,
A
notable
pollycie
of
Cato
.
that
immediately
vppon
the
sight
thereoff
they
should
beat
downe
the
walls
of
their
Cities
,
and
they
that
did
not
obey
,
should
looke
for
all
extremitie
.
They
hauing
no
time
to
consult
with
their
neighbours
,
and
supposing
it
had
ben
but
a
seuerall
commaundement
,
afraid
of
a
further
inconuenience
,
wer
compelled
to
obey
,
and
so
in
one
day
,
al
the
cities
about
the
riuer
Iberus
,
wer
defaced
by
the
policie
of
the
Capitaine
,
&
continued
quiet
a
long
time
after
.
In
processe
of
time
,
for
lack
of
competent
ground
to
occupy
,
there
was
a
new
tumult
among
the
people
,
for
the
appeasment
whereoff
,
Fuluius
Flaccus
was
sent
,
who
droue
the
people
to
their
holdes
:
but
one
great
rout
kept
to-gether
at
Complega
,
which
was
wel
fortified
&
newly
buylded
:
Flouting
&
mockerie
requited
.
They
greatly
molested
the
Romains
,
&
sent
a
message
in
mockerie
to
Flaccus
,
that
he
should
leaue
a
Iacke
,
an
Horse
,
and
a
Sword
,
for
so
many
as
he
had
killed
,
and
flye
out
of
Spayne
,
before
he
had
any
more
hurt
:
he
sent
them
worde
,
he
would
shortly
bring
amongs
them
,
many
moe
Iackes
than
they
shoulde
vouchsafe
well
to
thinke
well
off
,
and
incontinent
layd
siege
to
their
Citie
.
They
nothing
aunswerable
to
their
late
brauerie
,
and
lustinesse
,
ran
their
way
,
&
he
spoyled
all
the
country
.
Tiberius
Sempronius
Gracchus
succéeded
Flaccus
,
Biskay
.
when
the
Celtiberians
had
besieged
the
Citie
of
Carabia
,
friend
to
the
Romaines
,
the
citie
was
at
poynt
to
be
rendred
,
&
bicause
the
siege
was
so
streight
,
Gracchus
could
not
send
them
word
of
his
comming
,
wherfore
he
deuised
with
a
Capitaine
of
his
called
Cominius
,
which
could
speake
that
countrey
language
very
well
,
Great
care
and
pollicy
vsed
by
Gracchus
for
the
succouring
of
his
besieged
friends
.
&
clad
him
with
a
Spanish
Iack
,
who
got
among
them
that
went
a
forraging
&
so
from
the
Campe
fled
into
the
Citie
,
&
told
the
selye
besieged
,
that
the
Romaines
were
at-hande
:
wherefore
they
endured
the
siege
,
and
in
thrée
daies
by
the
comming
of
Gracchus
were
delyuered
of
the
same
.
Out
of
the
Citie
of
Complega
,
ther
issued
xx
.
M.
with
branches
of
Olyue
in
their
handes
,
in
token
of
supplycation
,
and
being
come
nigh
the
Romaines
,
they
set
fiercely
vpon
them
,
They
that
meane
mischiefe
many
times
fall
into
mischiefes
themselues
.
&
put
them
to
great
trouble
.
Gracchus
of
purpose
forsooke
his
campe
,
&
fayned
to
fly
away
,
&
whiles
they
wer
about
the
spoyle
,
he
returned
vpon
them
,
&
slew
so
many
of
them
,
that
he
got
the
town
,
wherin
after
he
had
staid
a
certein
while
,
he
gaue
the
lands
of
the
country
to
such
as
had
néede
of
ground
:
whom
vpon
certeine
conditions
and
bondes
,
he
confedered
with
the
people
of
Rome
,
which
capitulation
did
good
seruice
,
in
all
the
warres
that
followed
,
and
by
this
meane
,
the
name
of
Gracchus
was
notable
in
Spayne
,
and
also
in
Rome
,
where
he
had
Tryumph
.
Certeine
yeares
after
,
there
arose
a
cruell
warre
in
Spayne
by
this
occasion
.
A
Cittie
of
Celtiberia
,
called
Segeda
,
Sharp
war
renued
.
being
comprised
in
the
articles
of
Gracchus
,
allured
certeine
towns
to
them
,
and
reedified
their
wals
,
whose
example
induced
the
Tithians
another
nation
of
Celtiberia
,
to
doe
the
lyke
.
The
Senate
forbad
them
the
buylding
of
the
Walls
,
and
required
the
tribute
,
and
their
seruice
,
according
to
the
composition
of
Gracchus
,
They
aunswered
that
they
were
forbidden
the
building
of
any
new
cities
,
but
not
the
repairing
of
their
olde
,
and
that
the
tribute
which
they
wer
bound
to
paye
,
was
after
forgiuen
of
the
Senate
,
and
so
it
was
in
deede
:
but
all
such
priuiledges
,
were
vnderstand
for
the
time
,
that
they
continued
faithful
to
the
people
of
Rome
:
wherfore
Quintius
Fuluius
Nobilior
,
was
chosen
capitaine
against
them
,
with
an
armie
of
xxx
.
M.
Whan
the
Segedanes
had
knowledge
of
his
comming
,
bicause
their
wals
were
not
finished
,
they
fled
to
the
Arasthianes
desiring
them
to
be
receiued
with
their
wiues
and
children
,
and
they
were
content
:
And
chose
one
Carus
a
Segedane
,
their
generall
capitaine
,
a
man
expert
in
feats
of
war.
He
iii.
dayes
after
he
was
capitaine
,
laid
an
ambushment
of
xx
.
M.
in
a
place
for
the
purpose
,
and
assalted
the
Romaines
as
they
passed
:
The
fight
continued
doubtfull
,
but
at
length
Carus
had
the
victory
,
Great
slaughter
of
the
Romaines
.
and
killed
vi
.
thousande
of
the
verye
Romaines
borne
,
which
was
a
great
losse
:
but
in
following
the
chase
rashly
,
the
horsemen
of
the
Romaines
,
that
warded
the
cariage
,
set
vpon
him
,
and
slew
him
,
fighting
most
valyauntly
,
the
murther
there
was
great
,
and
greater
had
bene
,
if
the
darkenesse
of
the
night
had
not
stayed
the
same
.
This
was
done
the
next
day
after
the
feast
of
Vulcan
in
Rome
,
at
which
time
the
Romaines
would
neuer
after
take
any
battaile
in
hand
.
The
Arastianes
assembled
in
Numantia
,
a
strong
citie
,
and
chose
Arathane
,
&
Lencone
,
for
their
capitaines
.
Nobilior
went
thither
with-in
thrée
dayes
,
and
camped
thrée
myle
off
.
Massinissa
sent
him
iii.
C.
horses
of
Numidia
,
and
x.
Elephants
,
with
the
which
he
made
order
for
to
fight
,
and
placed
the
Elephants
behinde
,
with
a
deuise
,
that
way
shoulde
bée
made
for
them
:
And
when
the
onset
was
giuen
,
away
was
opened
for
the
Elephants
,
which
so
affraid
the
enimies
and
their
horse
,
that
they
fledd
.
The
Romaine
capitaine
followed
to
the
harde
walles
,
Discommodity
of
Elephants
in
warres
.
and
did
verye
well
,
till
one
of
the
Elephants
had
a
blow
on
the
heade
,
with
a
stone
,
that
was
cast
from
the
wall
,
with
the
which
he
became
so
frowarde
and
so
raging
,
that
he
turned
vpon
his
frindes
and
beate
downe
all
that
was
in
his
way
,
and
the
other
affraide
with
his
roaring
,
did
the
like
,
thrusting
▪
&
throwing
the
Romaines
to
the
grounde
.
And
this
is
the
discommoditie
of
Elephantes
,
which
when
they
beginne
to
rage
,
there
is
no
rule
with
them
,
and
therefore
be
they
called
common
enimies
.
The
Romaines
by
this
occasion
fledde
with
such
disorder
,
that
the
Numantines
issued
out
and
slewe
iiii
.
M.
of
them
,
and
tooke
thrée
Elephants
,
and
many
ensinges
,
when
Nobilior
had
recouered
himselfe
,
hée
went
to
beate
the
Citie
of
Apenio
,
which
was
a
great
reliefe
to
the
enimies
,
but
he
did
nothing
there
,
but
retourned
by
night
with
losse
to
his
campe
.
Lowring
lucke
of
Nobilior
&
his
companie
.
He
sent
Blesius
capitaine
of
the
horsemen
,
so
confeder
with
a
countries
for
succour
of
horse-men
:
who
in
his
returne
fell
in
an
Ambushment
,
where
his
friendes
forsooke
him
,
and
he
very
manfully
fighting
was
slaine
,
and
all
most
all
the
Romaines
.
And
vppon
these
daylye
losses
,
the
Citie
of
Ocile
,
where
the
Romaine
munition
&
treasure
,
was
rendered
to
the
Celtiberians
,
wherefore
Nobiliar
was
driuen
to
such
shift
,
as
he
lay
all
that
winter
in
the
fielde
,
and
sustained
such
disease
with
hunger
and
colde
,
that
many
perished
pitifully
.
The
yeare
following
Claudius
Marcellus
came
in
his
place
,
bringing
with
him
viii
.
M.
men
,
&
v.
C.
horse
,
&
where
his
enimies
had
layd
ambushment
for
him
,
he
auoyded
it
,
&
with
all
his
hoast
,
layd
seage
to
Ocile
,
and
at
the
first
assalt
tooke
it
.
And
vppon
the
receipt
of
certaine
pledges
&
xxx
.
Talentes
of
golde
,
he
pardoned
the
Citie
.
The
Nertobriganes
sent
vnto
Marcellus
to
knowe
his
pleasure
what
they
might
doe
to
obtaine
peace
,
hée
bad
them
send
him
an
hundred
horse
and
they
should
haue
it
:
they
were
content
,
&
appointed
the
number
which
followed
the
taile
of
the
armie
,
&
did
euermore
some
hurt
to
the
caryage
,
&
when
they
were
come
in
Marcellus
sight
,
they
offred
their
seruice
,
and
excused
the
offence
to
be
done
by
them
that
knewe
not
the
accorde
,
but
Marcellus
deteined
stil
with
him
the
men
as
prisoners
,
and
solde
their
horses
,
and
made
a
rode
into
their
country
,
&
laid
seage
to
the
citie
,
which
when
they
saw
,
they
sent
an
haralde
with
a
Wolfes
skinne
in
stéede
of
a
rod
,
to
demaund
pardon
.
Marcellus
said
,
Double
deling
of
Marcellus
.
if
the
Arbaceanes
,
Bellanes
,
&
Tithianes
woulde
in
treate
for
them
,
they
shold
haue
their
request
.
They
were
content
so
to
do
,
&
desired
Marcellus
that
they
might
haue
a
moderate
punishment
,
and
be
conteined
in
the
conditions
of
Gracchus
:
But
some
there
were
,
the
would
not
agrée
to
it
,
bicause
ther
had
bene
variunce
betweene
them
,
wherefore
Marcellus
sent
them
Ambassadours
of
both
parties
to
Rome
,
to
dispute
their
cause
before
the
Senate
.
Hée
wrot
priuate
letters
,
exhorting
to
accord
.
When
they
were
come
to
Rome
,
the
Ambassadors
of
their
friends
were
lodged
within
the
citie
,
&
they
which
were
of
their
enimies
,
without
.
The
Senate
was
not
disposed
to
peace
,
&
gaue
them
none
other
aunswere
,
but
that
Marcellus
shoulde
declare
vnto
them
the
will
of
the
Senate
,
&
apointed
a
new
army
,
of
the
which
Lucius
Lucullus
was
capitaine
.
And
then
was
the
first
time
that
the
souldiours
wer
taken
vp
by
hap
,
and
not
by
election
,
as
was
wont
to
be
,
wherefore
many
citizens
were
offended
.
The
Leifetenant
of
the
armie
was
Lucius
Cornelius
Scipio
,
whiche
afterwarde
tooke
Carthage
,
and
Numantia
.
Marcellus
protested
war
against
the
Celtiberians
,
and
yet
kept
still
with
him
the
Ambassadour
that
had
ben
at
Rome
,
and
all
was
to
make
an
ende
of
the
warre
before
the
comming
of
Lucullus
.
Certeine
people
of
the
Arbaceanes
tooke
Nertobridge
,
&
made
their
chiefe
resort
to
Numantia
,
whither
he
marched
,
&
camped
within
v.
mile
of
the
citie
.
Wilfulnes
&
couetousnes
of
Lucullus
.
The
capitain
of
the
Numantines
called
Lintenone
,
desired
to
speake
with
Marcellus
,
which
being
to
him
graunted
,
they
concluded
that
the
Bellanes
,
Titthianes
,
and
Arbaceanes
should
remaine
&
be
lest
frée
,
wherevpon
mony
&
pledges
were
receiued
,
&
so
the
war
of
this
people
,
was
ended
,
before
the
comming
of
Lucullus
.
Now
began
the
time
of
the
Romaines
declination
from
their
auncient
puritie
and
state
:
for
notwithstanding
the
peace
was
made
by
the
Romaine
consull
,
yet
Lucullus
for
desire
of
glorye
,
&
couetous
of
mony
,
inuaded
the
Vacceanes
,
who
had
neuer
offended
the
Romaines
.
He
passed
the
ryuer
Tagus
,
Now
called
Taio
.
without
any
commisson
from
the
Senate
,
and
camped
at
Cancea
:
they
of
the
towne
came
forth
to
know
the
cause
why
he
lay
there
,
he
aunswered
to
reueng
the
Carpentanes
,
whom
they
had
iniuried
,
&
with
this
aunswere
they
retourned
.
And
when
the
Romaines
went
a
foraging
,
they
lay
in
a
waite
,
&
set
vpon
them
,
&
slew
many
of
them
,
&
droue
the
rest
to
their
camp
,
wherefore
he
came
out
against
them
in
order
,
Stout
courages
with
out
skill
&
order
,
soon
ouerthro●…en
.
and
they
a
long
time
had
the
better
hande
,
but
when
they
had
wasted
their
shotte
,
and
not
experte
in
firme
battaile
,
they
tourned
their
backs
,
&
at
the
streightnesse
of
the
gate
,
thrusting
one
another
,
very
many
were
slaine
.
The
next
day
the
olde
men
of
the
towne
came
out
to
know
what
they
might
doe
to
bée
friendes
with
the
Romaines
:
Lucullus
bad
them
to
bring
vnto
him
pledges
,
and
an
C.
talents
of
gold
,
and
to
serue
him
in
the
warres
.
They
graunted
all
:
than
he
required
his
garrison
to
be
receiued
,
&
they
were
likewise
content
:
Then
put
he
in
two
M.
picked
men
,
Wicked
&
shameful
dealing
of
Lucillus
.
&
commaunded
them
to
be
sure
of
the
gats
,
&
the
wals
:
which
being
done
▪
he
entred
with
all
his
hoast
,
&
gaue
commaundement
to
kill
man
and
childe
,
without
respect
:
so
were
they
cruelly
murdered
&
slaine
,
calling
the
Godds
to
witnes
of
their
iniurie
receiued
at
the
Romaines
hands
:
Lucullus
sacked
the
Citie
,
and
for
reward
wan
to
the
Romaines
a
perpetuall
slaunder
.
The
other
people
drewe
together
into
strong
places
,
&
burned
all
such
things
as
they
could
not
carrie
,
bicause
they
woulde
leaue
nothing
for
Lucullus
:
he
made
a
long
voyage
in
desert
places
,
and
at
length
came
to
a
Citie
called
Endecacia
,
wher
xx
.
M.
were
assembled
.
Than
he
like
a
fond
man
moued
them
to
accord
:
Crueltie
getteth
hatred
at
all
hands
.
they
obiected
vnto
him
the
calamitie
of
the
Causeanes
,
demaunding
if
he
woulde
bring
them
to
lyke
amitie
.
Wherfore
he
being
in
a
rage
,
(
as
al
men
be
,
that
haue
done
euill
,
who
rather
ought
to
repent
)
spoyled
all
the
countrey
,
&
then
layde
siege
to
the
Citie
:
They
of
the
towne
came
out
,
and
skirmished
,
and
so
kept
him
occupyed
.
There
was
one
among
them
of
a
goodly
stature
,
and
faire
in
armes
,
that
came
many
times
forth
,
and
challenged
any
Romaine
to
fight
hand
to
hande
,
and
bicause
none
tooke
the
defence
,
he
flouted
and
scorued
the
Romaines
and
went
his
way
.
Combat
betweene
Scipio
and
an
other
big
chalenger
of
huge
stature
.
Thus
he
vsed
long
time
,
till
Scipio
,
a
man
of
smal
stature
,
could
no
longer
stay
himselfe
,
but
would
néedes
fight
with
him
,
and
by
good
fortune
killed
him
,
as
great
as
he
was
.
There
was
a
company
of
the
Citie
that
wer
gone
for
a
conuay
of
vittayle
,
before
Lucullus
came
,
&
bicause
they
could
not
enter
the
Citie
,
they
came
by
night
,
&
gaue
alarme
to
the
Campe
,
and
they
of
the
Citie
did
the
lyke
,
so
the
they
wer
sore
troubled
in
the
host
,
and
besides
this
,
they
wer
not
accustomed
with
the
meates
of
the
countrey
,
hauing
neither
salt
,
oyle
,
nor
vineger
,
they
eate
all
things
fresh
,
wherby
they
were
sicke
of
the
fluxe
,
&
many
of
them
died
.
When
the
ramperes
were
finished
,
Lucullus
vntruth
&
breache
of
promise
made
him
and
all
his
to
fare
the
worse
.
they
battered
the
wall
,
and
entered
the
citie
,
but
by
very
fine
force
,
they
wer
repelled
,
and
in
the
retire
,
fell
into
a
fenne
,
and
the
more
part
perished
.
They
of
the
Citie
repayred
the
wall
by
night
.
In
continuaunce
of
time
,
their
want
wared
so
great
,
that
they
were
not
able
to
hold
out
,
and
yet
would
not
yéelde
for
the
vntruth
of
Lucullus
.
Wherefore
Scipio
tooke
the
matter
in
hand
,
and
promised
,
that
in
the
accorde
,
no
fraude
should
be
vsed
:
Iust
deling
&
vertue
is
beloued
euen
of
the
enimies
.
They
were
content
to
trust
him
,
bicause
of
the
great
fame
and
renowme
that
was
generallye
reported
of
him
.
They
were
content
to
giue
to
the
Romaines
x.
M.
Iackes
,
fiftie
pledges
,
and
a
number
of
Cattaile
.
Lucullus
that
sought
for
nothing
but
mony
,
required
golde
and
siluer
,
thinking
to
finde
plentie
there
,
but
he
was
deceiued
,
for
those
people
did
not
care
so
greatly
for
it
,
and
had
none
to
giue
him
.
After
this
league
,
he
went
to
the
citie
of
Pallantia
,
which
was
of
more
strength
,
&
better
defenced
with
men
,
and
all
other
things
necessary
,
he
had
counsaile
not
to
meddle
with
it
,
but
yet
he
had
hope
to
be
enriched
by
it
,
his
expectation
fayled
,
for
the
Horsemen
of
the
Pallantines
kept
him
alwayes
so
from
vitaile
,
that
he
fell
in
lacke
,
and
was
forced
to
depart
,
and
they
followed
him
to
the
riuer
Orio
,
which
he
passed
,
and
tooke
places
,
for
his
Winter
herborow
There
was
an
other
Countrey
of
Spayne
,
called
Lusitania
,
Portugall
.
which
liued
after
their
owne
lawes
,
and
vnder
a
Capitaine
of
Africa
,
they
did
much
hurte
to
the
Romaines
,
they
ouerthrewe
Caliphurnius
●…iso
,
and
Manlius
,
and
killed
vi
.
M.
Romaines
,
and
besieged
a
nation
that
obeyed
the
same
,
called
Blastophenitianes
,
which
had
that
name
,
bicause
Hannibal
had
mingled
certeine
Africans
with
them
.
Their
Capitaine
had
a
blowe
on
the
head
with
a
stone
,
of
the
which
he
dyed
,
and
in
his
place
they
made
one
Cessacrone
.
He
encountred
with
Mummius
that
was
come
from
Rome
with
a
new
armie
,
and
was
put
to
flight
.
Mummius
chased
him
without
order
,
which
he
perceiuing
stayd
his
men
,
Romaines
through
their
own
folly
ouerthrowne
.
&
retourned
vpon
the
Romaines
disparsed
,
and
killed
x.
M.
of
them
,
recouering
his
owne
Campe
that
was
lost
,
and
gayning
the
Romaines
,
with
all
their
armes
and
ensignes
,
which
hée
shewed
abroad
in
Spayne
,
for
a
brag
and
glory
of
his
victorye
.
Mummius
with
fiue
.
M.
that
were
left
,
kept
himselfe
in
a
sure
place
,
being
afrayde
to
come
out
into
the
playne
,
and
watching
the
time
,
when
the
enimie
sent
away
their
spoyle
,
he
sodainly
set
vpon
them
,
and
flew
many
of
them
,
recouering
againe
all
his
losse
.
An other
sort
of
the
Lusitanes
beyond
the
Riuer
Tagus
,
molested
the
Romaines
,
and
besieged
the
Citie
of
Ocile
.
Mummius
followed
them
,
&
at
diuers
times
killed
xv
.
M.
of
them
,
and
tooke
their
pray
from
them
,
and
deuided
it
to
the
Romaines
,
and
that
which
could
not
be
caried
,
he
sacrificed
to
the
Gods
after
the
fashion
of
war
.
And
for
these
feates
,
Mummius
had
Tryumph
when
he
came
to
Rome
.
After
him
succéeded
Marcus
Attilius
,
which
destroyed
a
great
Citie
called
Ostrace
,
and
brought
all
the
countrey
to
accorde
,
but
he
was
no
sooner
gone
to
winter
campe
,
but
they
rebelled
againe
,
and
anoyed
the
Romaines
.
Seruius
Galba
that
succéeded
Attilius
,
intending
sodeinly
to
surprey
and
take
them
vnawares
,
marched
in
a
night
and
a
day
,
about
l.
mile
,
The
chance
of
warre
diuers
.
and
immediately
vpon
his
comming
embattayled
his
wearie
Souldiours
,
&
with
the
sodeine
assault
,
put
the
enimies
to
flight
,
but
in
the
chase
vsing
little
discretion
,
and
not
considering
the
wearinesse
and
faintnes
of
his
souldiors
,
which
were
compelled
to
rest
them
many
times
by
the
way
,
the
other
gathered
together
,
and
set
vppon
them
being
scattered
and
weake
,
and
slew
vij
.
M.
Galba
with
the
remnaunt
of
the
horse-men
fled
to
Carmena
,
where
he
assembled
all
them
that
were
fled
,
and
when
he
had
renued
his
armie
to
the
number
of
xx
.
M.
hee
went
to
Winter
in
Cuuestagi
.
Lucullus
who
hadde
made
warre
vpon
the
Vacceanes
,
without
commission
,
would
not
goe
home
for
feare
of
iudgement
,
but
remayned
with
the
Capitaines
of
the
armie
,
&
comming
with
his
men
into
Lusitania
,
did
much
hurt
in
one
part
of
the
countre
,
&
Galba
sacked
the
other
.
Many
of
the
people
sent
vnto
him
to
renew
the
accord
made
with
Attilius
&
he
fained
to
bée
content
saying
:
that
he
knewe
well
,
pouertie
&
lacke
of
liuing
made
them
to
offend
,
&
therfore
he
would
giue
them
a
plentiful
ground
to
inhabile
,
&
they
being
glad
of
his
promise
,
came
to
him
with
al
their
goods
,
whom
he
deuided
into
thrée
parts
,
&
appointed
a
Plaine
for
them
to
staye
,
till
he
had
assigned
their
place
,
wher
they
shoulde
buylde
their
citie
.
Then
he
came
to
the
former
,
willing
them
to
leaue
their
harnesse
,
bicause
they
wer
friends
,
&
caused
them
to
be
entrenched
,
&
they
wer
content
:
which
wen
he
hadde
brought
to
passe
through-out
,
he
sent
his
souldiours
among
them
,
&
killed
them
euery
one
,
they
calling
&
crying
vpon
the
Gods
,
as
witnesses
of
periurie
&
crueltie
.
So
he
punished
falshood
with
falshood
,
as
a
Barbarian
,
&
not
as
a
man
worthy
the
name
of
Rome
.
Uery
few
escaped
from
this
murder
,
of
the
which
Viriatus
was
one
,
which
after
was
a
Capitain
,
&
did
many
notable
feats
,
as
shall
be
shewed
.
Galba
gaue
a
fewe
trifling
things
to
the
Romaines
,
and
kept
the
rest
to
himself
,
for
he
was
more
couetous
than
Lucullus
,
Neither
barrel
better
Hering
.
&
more
rich
than
any
Romain
,
but
of
such
nature
as
wel
in
peace
as
warre
,
that
for
his
profit
,
he
passed
neither
for
periury
nor
lyes
,
&
although
euery
man
hated
him
,
and
though
he
was
many
times
accused
,
yet
for
his
riches
he
alwaies
escaped
.
For
in
his
dayes
,
the
Romaines
began
to
sette
more
by
money
than
by
truth
.
An other
company
of
the
Lusitans
,
made
an
head
,
and
ranged
the
countreyes
of
the
Romaines
.
M.
Ventidius
,
was
sent
from
Rome
with
an
armie
,
who
droue
them
from
the
field
,
and
made
them
take
a
Castle
:
where
being
in
desperation
of
al
things
,
they
were
forced
to
send
to
Ventidius
,
to
haue
peace
and
grounde
to
inhabite
,
which
he
promised
them
.
But
one
Viriatus
who
(
as
before
is
sayde
,
had
escaped
the
crueltie
of
Galba
,
recorded
vnto
them
,
the
vnfaithfulnesse
of
the
Romaines
,
and
howe
ofte
they
hadde
bene
oppressed
,
vnder
pretence
of
an
oth
and
attonement
,
which
the
Romaines
no
longer
regarded
than
they
lusted
,
Viriatus
a
stout
warriour
and
worthy
Capitaine
and
repeated
to
them
the
example
of
Galba
and
Lucullus
,
and
promised
them
to
conuey
them
safe
,
if
they
would
be
ruled
by
him
.
They
were
mooued
with
his
wordes
,
and
made
him
their
Capitaine
.
He
placed
in
the
front
of
the
armie
his
Horse-men
,
as
though
hée
would
fight
,
and
gaue
warning
,
that
as
soone
,
as
he
tooke
his
Horse
,
they
that
were
a
foote
,
shoulde
flye
by
diuers
wayes
,
as
well
as
they
coulde
,
to
the
citie
of
Tribola
,
and
ther
abide
him
.
He
kept
with
him
,
them
that
were
most
méete
for
Horsemen
,
and
when
he
mounted
on
horseback
,
they
fledde
their
way
with
all
hast
.
Ventidius
doubted
to
followe
them
in
so
many
parts
,
and
abode
to
sée
,
what
Viriatus
would
do
that
stoode
still
.
He
skirmished
with
the
Romaines
all
the
daye
,
and
the
next
,
too
and
fro
,
and
when
he
thought
the
foote-men
to
be
past
daunger
,
he
went
his
waye
by
night
,
with
such
spéede
,
and
by
such
wayes
,
as
the
Romaines
could
not
tel
how
to
followe
.
This
feate
got
him
great
fame
in
all
the
country
,
&
euery
man
ranne
to
him
,
wher-by
he
kept
warre
a
great
while
with
the
Romains
,
and
did
them
much
hurt
.
Ventidius
followed
til
he
came
to
Tribola
,
Viriatus
layd
an
ambushment
for
him
in
a
place
ful
of
woode
,
&
when
he
espied
his
aduauntage
,
he
with
the
company
that
he
had
,
fayned
to
flye
,
till
Ventidius
was
past
the
trayne
,
than
returned
hée
,
and
the
bushment
discouered
,
and
so
beset
the
Romaines
,
that
they
were
either
slaine
or
taken
prisoners
,
and
Ventidius
himselfe
was
one
,
Ventidius
slaine
,
and
his
army
discomfited
but
bicause
he
was
not
knowen
,
being
an
olde
fat
man
,
he
was
cut
in
péeces
,
&
of
xx
.
M.
Romaines
,
scarcely
x.
M.
escaped
to
a
Citie
of
the
Coast
,
called
Carptesso
,
which
(
I
thinke
)
was
somtime
called
Tartesso
,
where
the
olde
King
Arganthonius
lyued
.
The
Tresurer
of
the
Campe
,
tooke
the
charge
vpon
him
a
fresh
,
and
gathered
v.
M.
of
of
the
countrey
about
,
which
he
sent
to
kéepe
Viriatus
backe
,
and
he
so
laid
for
them
,
that
one
escaped
not
to
bring
newes
.
The
Treasurer
stood
close
in
the
towne
and
durst
do
nothing
til
he
heard
from
Rome
,
Profperous
successe
of
Viriatus
.
Viriatus
inuaded
the
rich
countrey
of
Carpentania
,
and
without
all
feare
,
spoyled
at
his
pleasure
.
Caius
Plantius
came
from
Rome
,
with
x.
M.
men
,
&
a
M.iii.
C.
horse
.
Than
Viriatus
pretended
to
fly
,
after
whom
he
sent
iiii
.
M.
men
,
which
were
almost
all
destroyed
and
slaine
.
He
passed
the
riuer
Tagus
,
and
camped
in
an
hill
ful
of
Oliues
,
although
it
wer
called
Venus
Mount
.
There
Plantius
came
vpon
him
,
and
made
hast
to
recouer
his
dishonour
,
and
after
a
sore
fight
he
was
discomfited
,
and
compelled
shamefully
to
flye
,
with
great
losse
of
his
men
:
&
the
rest
of
the
Sommer
he
kept
within
townes
,
and
durst
not
come
foorth
.
Viriatus
went
abroade
the
countryes
,
requiring
paiment
for
the
sauing
of
their
Corne
.
When
these
newes
were
known
at
Rome
,
they
sent
Q.
Fabius
Maximus
Emilianus
,
sonne
of
that
Emilius
,
that
ouercame
Perseus
king
of
Macedonie
.
They
gaue
him
authoritie
to
take
what
men
he
would
,
he
to
giue
respite
to
the
olde
souldiours
,
tooke
vp
young
men
of
the
first
beard
,
hauing
no
practise
in
warre
,
and
came
to
Orsone
a
Citie
of
Spain
,
with
xv
.
M.
men
,
&
ii
..
M.
horse
,
but
he
durst
not
enterprise
to
take
any
battaile
in
hand
,
till
he
had
trayned
his
men
in
feates
of
armes
,
and
bene
at
Gades
to
Sacrifice
to
Hercules
.
Viriatus
met
with
a
company
of
his
men
that
went
a
forraging
,
&
killed
the
most
part
,
whom
being
againe
set
in
arraye
and
order
by
their
Leader
,
the
same
Viriatus
discomfited
the
second
time
,
and
tooke
a
great
praye
from
them
.
When
Maximus
was
come
,
he
durste
not
fight
in
open
field
,
but
kept
his
men
in
exercises
,
and
gaue
them
leaue
to
skirmish
,
to
proue
their
hearts
,
and
to
espie
the
aduauntage
of
his
enimies
doings
.
When
he
went
for
vittayle
,
he
warded
the
Dimilances
with
men
of
armes
,
that
scoured
the
countrey
,
as
he
had
séene
his
father
Paulus
doe
in
Macedonia
.
After
the
Winter
hée
came
forth
to
battaile
,
and
ouercame
Viriatus
,
and
put
him
to
flight
,
and
of
two
Cities
that
he
kept
,
he
tooke
the
one
,
&
burned
the
other
,
&
droue
him
to
an
holde
called
Vecor
,
&
then
went
to
herborow
at
Corduba
.
Now
was
Viriatus
nothing
so
brag
as
he
was
wont
to
be
,
but
sought
helpe
,
&
induced
the
Arbaceanes
,
Titthianes
,
and
Bellanes
,
al
warlyke
people
,
that
had
kept
warre
of
themselues
,
to
take
his
part
,
which
was
an
occasion
of
great
a
doe
.
Viriatus
was
in
an
other
part
of
Spaine
,
and
fought
with
Quintus
Pompeius
,
that
was
an
other
Capitaine
of
the
Romaines
,
and
had
the
losse
,
and
from
thence
fled
to
Aphrodisio
,
Venus
Hill
,
and
from
thence
came
sodeinly
vppon
the
Romaines
,
and
put
them
to
flight
,
and
tooke
some
of
their
Standards
,
and
chased
them
into
their
Campe
,
and
then
droue
awaye
the
garrison
and
Warde
from
Vtica
,
and
sacked
the
countrey
of
the
Basetanes
,
Quintus
sending
vnto
them
no
ayde
,
for
lacke
of
knowledge
and
courage
:
but
remayned
in
house
,
till
Sommer
was
ended
.
The
yeare
after
,
Fabius
Maximus
brother
to
Emilianus
succéeded
Quintus
,
and
had
two
Legions
of
the
Romaines
,
&
other
of
their
friendes
,
that
ther
was
xviii
.
M.
men
,
&
a.
M.vi
.
C.
horse
.
He
wrote
to
Micypsa
king
of
Numidia
,
that
in
hast
,
he
should
sende
him
succour
of
Elephants
,
and
with
a
part
of
his
armie
went
toward
Vtica
,
and
by
the
way
,
Viriatus
gaue
him
alarme
,
with
great
shoutes
,
and
terrible
behauiour
,
but
he
repulsed
him
without
losse
.
When
x.
Elephants
were
come
from
Africa
,
he
camped
in
a
large
field
,
and
fought
with
Viriatus
,
and
put
him
backe
,
but
at
one
time
,
when
the
Romaines
chased
with
out
order
,
he
tourned
vpon
them
,
and
killed
thrée
.
M.
&
droue
the
rest
within
,
and
followed
so
hard
that
he
found
few
or
none
in
the
way
towarde
the
Campe
,
but
they
were
fled
into
their
Cabbins
,
out
of
the
which
,
the
Capitaines
had
much
a
doe
to
draw
them
,
and
had
it
not
bene
for
Fannius
,
Laelius
,
who
shewed
that
night
great
wisedome
and
manhoode
,
the
Romaines
had
bene
vtterlye
destroyed
.
Viriatus
ceased
not
,
neither
by
the
darke
of
night
,
nor
by
the
heate
of
day
,
to
molest
them
with
all
deuice
,
till
Emilianus
had
mooued
his
campe
to
Vtica
.
Viriatus
being
distressed
for
lacke
of
vittayle
,
and
hauing
a
small
armie
,
burned
his
Campe
by
night
,
and
went
into
Lusitania
.
After
whose
departure
,
Emilianus
spoyled
the
countrey
,
and
fiue
Cities
that
had
succoured
him
,
and
from
thence
hée
went
by
Cunea
,
and
so
into
Lusitania
against
Viriatus
.
By
the
way
,
two
Kingleaders
of
Romaine
théeues
,
did
him
much
displeasure
,
which
were
called
Curius
,
and
Apuleius
,
Curius
was
afterward
slayne
,
and
Emilianus
recouered
his
losse
,
and
tooke
diuers
Cities
,
of
the
which
some
he
spoyled
,
and
some
hee
pardoned
,
and
of
x.
M.
prisoners
,
he
beheaded
fiue
hundred
,
and
killed
the
rest
.
This
done
,
he
passed
ouer
the
Wynter
and
went
to
Rome
,
hauing
bene
two
yeare
in
Office
.
His
brother
Maximus
Emilianus
,
tooke
a
Capitaine
of
théeues
by
yéelding
,
and
pardoned
him
,
and
cut
off
the
handes
of
the
other
.
He
followed
Viriatus
,
and
layd
siege
to
Frisana
,
into
the
which
,
Viriatus
got
in
by
night
,
and
the
next
daye
came
so
sodeinlye
and
fiercely
out
,
that
first
the
Pieners
and
then
the
Souldiours
fledde
:
whome
he
droue
to
such
barrein
and
wylde
Mountaynes
,
that
they
had
no
hope
of
escape
.
Viriatus
was
not
too
proud
of
this
victory
,
but
thought
that
now
hée
had
a
good
occasion
,
Cepio
,
Brother
to
Emiliane
,
thought
it
dishonourable
to
the
name
of
Rome
,
and
not
to
be
ratified
.
The
Senate
was
content
,
that
hée
should
séeke
new
matter
to
fal
out
with
him
:
But
he
ceased
not
writing
,
till
the
league
was
openly
reiected
.
Wherefore
by
this
authouritie
Cepio
went
against
Viriatus
,
and
tooke
the
citie
of
Arsa
,
whiche
Viriatus
had
forsaken
,
and
was
retired
bicause
he
had
no
conuenient
power
.
He
ouer
tooke
him
at
Carpentania
,
and
hadde
farre
greater
power
than
Viriatus
had
,
wherefore
Viriatus
woulde
not
fight
with
him
,
Cepio
sacked
the
Vettones
and
the
Callecianes
,
in
Portugal
,
many
followed
the
example
of
Viriatus
,
&
liued
of
Robbing
▪
Sextus
Iulius
was
sent
against
them
,
who
founde
more
a
do
than
at
the
first
he
supposed
,
the
countrey
was
so
great
and
the
riuers
so
many
,
as
Taio
,
Linia
,
Leca
,
or
rather
Lima
,
Duero
,
&
Gauda
Loquitur
,
Betis
,
all
Nauigable
,
that
they
might
escape
at
their
pleasure
.
Wherefore
Brutus
considered
that
it
was
impossible
to
ioyne
with
them
all
,
and
a
rebuke
to
let
them
continue
,
and
small
glorie
to
ouercome
them
,
wherefore
he
thought
best
to
assaulte
their
holdes
,
thinking
when
euerye
man
was
driuen
to
defende
his
owne
,
their
broode
shoulde
bée
the
sooner
broken
.
So
following
this
deuise
,
hée
beate
downe
all
he
could
meete
.
The
woemen
were
in
the
warre
with
their
husbandes
,
and
shewed
such
manlye
heartes
,
Manlye
heartes
in
women
.
that
when
they
were
killed
,
they
did
not
cast
forth
one
worde
.
Manye
fledde
into
the
mountaines
,
and
for
lacke
of
foode
,
required
pardon
,
whiche
he
fréely
gaue
them
,
and
tooke
their
pray
.
When
hée
hadde
thus
done
,
hée
passed
the
Ryuer
Orio
,
and
raunged
ouer
the
countrie
,
taking
pledges
of
them
that
accorded
with
him
.
And
he
went
ouer
the
flodde
Lima
,
where
no
Romaine
had
done
so
much
,
and
from
thence
to
the
Ryuer
Niben
,
Braccarianes
,
bicause
they
had
stopped
vitaile
that
came
vnto
him
.
These
be
people
,
with
whome
their
wiues
goeth
to
warre
,
and
dye
valiauntly
without
any
shrinking
,
or
scryking
,
and
when
they
fight
they
neuer
flée
,
nor
any
whit
lament
when
they
die
:
Many
of
these
being
taken
,
the
women
to
auoyde
captiuitie
,
killed
their
children
,
and
afterwardes
themselues
,
choosing
rather
to
dye
worthily
,
than
to
liue
wretchedly
.
Thus
,
Brutus
wan
much
,
and
came
to
a
citie
called
Labrica
,
whiche
had
many
times
broken
promise
with
him
,
and
once
againe
they
desired
pardon
,
and
rendred
themselues
,
he
required
all
the
fugitiues
of
the
Romaines
,
all
their
armour
and
certeine
pledges
,
and
last
of
all
,
that
they
should
forsake
their
city
,
which
when
it
was
done
,
hée
called
them
to
a
Parlaiment
,
in
the
whiche
hee
reproued
them
of
their
ofte
rebellion
,
and
breaking
of
their
promise
,
with
so
sharpe
words
,
that
they
feared
some
grieuous
punishment
,
being
on
ech
side
enclosed
with
al
the
army
,
but
he
rested
satisfied
with
repeting
them
with
this
reproch
,
and
refrained
from
further
vengance
,
And
when
he
had
taken
their
corne
,
and
their
common
treasure
from
them
,
contrarie
to
all
mens
opinion
,
he
let
them
dwell
in
their
owne
citie
.
Thinges
being
thus
ended
it
fell
out
that
he
must
returne
to
Rome
.
And
before
he
went
,
it
chaunced
that
Viriatus
sent
to
him
iii.
Ambassadors
Aulace
,
Ditalcone
,
and
Minuro
,
to
treat
of
accorde
,
which
Ambassadors
by
faire
promises
were
corrupted
,
&
did
agrée
for
a
some
of
mony
,
and
other
thinges
,
to
kill
their
tapitaine
the
valiant
Viriatus
.
Cepio
,
they
demaunded
their
rewarde
for
their
fact
.
He
granted
them
all
their
possessions
,
and
for
the
rest
sent
them
to
Rome
,
in
the
morning
they
of
the
campe
marueiled
the
Viriatus
came
not
forth
,
&
thought
he
had
reposed
himselfe
to
some
ease
.
But
in
the
end
when
they
heard
nothing
of
him
,
certeine
of
them
went
in
,
and
founde
him
deade
.
Wherevpon
throughout
the
whole
armie
,
there
was
great
dolour
as
might
wel
bee
,
&
no
meruaile
,
considering
the
losse
of
so
good
&
valiant
a
capitaine
,
and
the
case
that
they
presently
stoode
in
:
&
one
thing
greatly
grieued
them
,
that
they
could
not
finde
the
murtherers
.
They
burned
his
bodie
after
the
manner
,
vppon
a
great
stack
of
wood
with
many
ornaments
,
and
great
sacrifices
,
and
with
their
bandes
of
horsemen
,
rode
about
it
,
magnifying
and
praysing
him
.
Whan
the
fire
was
quenched
,
and
the
exequies
done
,
they
made
a
goodly
sepulchre
in
his
honour
,
&
set
forth
Iusts
,
&
attorniaments
with
most
solemne
pompe
,
and
chalengies
,
man
to
man
,
so
great
was
the
loue
and
desire
that
euerye
man
had
of
him
.
Praise
of
Viriatus
.
And
surely
he
was
a
man
most
expert
in
gouerment
,
most
circumspect
and
warie
in
perill
,
and
most
bolde
and
hardie
,
in
dispising
the
same
,
in
deuision
of
any
pray
or
bootie
,
he
obserued
such
iustice
,
as
hath
not
ben
heard
:
he
wold
haue
no
more
for
his
part
than
any
other
common
person
had
.
And
though
they
desired
him
to
take
preferment
he
would
not
,
and
that
also
which
fell
to
his
share
,
and
portion
,
he
gaue
away
alwayes
to
them
that
were
forwarde
men
,
and
valiaunt
,
wherefore
he
might
say
that
which
none
other
capitaine
coulde
,
for
his
armie
being
gathered
of
a
mixture
and
rifraff
of
all
sorts
,
continued
in
obedience
vnder
him
viii
.
years
with
out
any
mutinie
in
that
world
,
and
at
all
daungers
were
most
readie
to
serue
him
.
After
him
they
chose
Tantalus
to
their
capitaine
,
who
tooke
vpon
him
to
assalt
Sagunt
,
whiche
was
nowe
Carthage
,
Cecilius
,
Metellus
,
&
subdued
the
Vacceanes
.
Ther
were
two
strong
cities
that
would
not
giue
ouer
,
Termantia
,
and
Numantia
,
of
the
whiche
Numantia
was
situate
in
a
rocky
place
,
deuided
with
two
ryuers
,
fensed
with
mountaines
,
&
compassed
with
thicke
woods
,
Numantia
,
&
went
forth
on
a
time
to
viewe
a
certeyne
ground
:
the
Numantines
came
from
the
hill
,
&
killed
his
horsemen
,
wherevpon
he
with
such
men
as
he
had
marshalled
his
hoast
,
and
came
into
the
plain
to
fight
.
The
enimies
descended
downe
,
and
affronted
them
,
and
after
as
they
had
bene
afraide
fledde
vp
to
the
hill
,
whither
if
the
Romaines
followed
,
they
were
sure
to
be
lost
.
And
so
Pompeius
euery
day
had
the
worst
in
these
skirmishes
,
although
his
number
were
a
great
deale
more
,
wherefore
he
brak
vp
seage
,
&
went
to
Termantia
,
Malia
,
in
the
which
was
a
garrison
of
the
Numantines
.
They
of
the
towne
at
the
comming
of
Pompei
secreatly
killed
the
garrison
by
crafte
,
and
receiued
him
.
From
thence
he
went
to
Sweditania
,
which
place
a
capitaine
called
Tangino
,
haried
and
oueranne
with
spoyle
,
with
whom
Pompeius
fought
,
and
him
discomfited
,
taking
manye
of
his
men
prisoners
.
Now
Pompei
returned
againe
to
Numantia
,
with
an
intent
to
turne
the
course
of
the
ryuer
another
way
,
and
so
to
famish
the
city
.
They
of
the
towne
came
fearcelye
out
in
a
brunt
without
any
noyse
of
trumpet
,
and
beate
away
the
labourers
:
and
laide
a
waite
for
a
capitaine
that
guided
vittaile
,
and
slewe
him
and
most
parte
of
his
men
.
And
an
other
time
issued
out
vppon
the
Romaines
that
made
a
trench
,
and
slew
about
a
M.iiii
.
C.
with
the
capitaine
.
Bicause
of
these
losses
,
diuerse
Senatours
with
more
helpe
was
sent
to
Pompei
.
And
he
was
driuen
to
lye
the
Winter
in
the
fielde
,
where
his
souldiours
for
the
colde
and
watch
,
were
much
troubled
,
the
ayre
also
vexed
them
,
and
the
water
,
and
engendred
the
flixe
among
them
,
of
the
which
many
dyed
.
A
number
appointed
went
on
a
time
for
vittaile
,
for
whome
the
Numantines
had
laide
a
stacke
,
and
other
with
their
weapons
of
shotte
,
molested
the
Romaines
,
and
reproched
them
,
with
villanouse
wordes
,
whiche
they
coulde
not
abide
,
but
marched
to
fight
with
them
,
when
sodainely
they
of
the
Ambushment
discouered
and
killed
many
of
them
,
as
well
Gentlemen
as
other
.
Pompei
greatly
troubled
in
minde
for
his
losses
,
&
mishap
at
the
siege
of
Numantia
.
Pompeius
was
much
troubled
and
greatly
netled
with
these
losses
,
and
by
the
counsaile
of
the
Senatours
went
to
lye
with
his
campe
the
rest
of
winter
in
cities
.
And
bicause
he
looked
for
a
successor
,
&
feared
to
be
accused
,
he
began
to
practise
a
priuy
peace
with
the
Numantines
.
They
of
the
towne
also
hauing
lost
manye
of
their
best
capitaines
,
&
thereby
brought
to
extreme
want
,
sent
Ambassadours
likewise
to
treat
of
peace
.
Pompei
in
open
audience
said
,
that
they
must
commit
themselues
to
the
Romaines
discretion
,
for
otherwise
he
knew
no
way
of
accord
,
but
priuily
he
concluded
with
them
to
haue
again
the
fugitiues
to
receiue
pledges
,
&
30.
talents
of
siluer
,
al
the
which
was
fulfilled
,
and
halfe
the
mony
paide
downe
.
When
time
came
,
Marcus
Popilius
arriued
in
Spaine
to
be
successour
vnto
Pompeius
,
by
whose
comming
Pompeius
was
now
delyuered
from
feare
,
Double
dealing
of
Pompei
with
the
Numantines
and
so
when
the
Numantines
brought
the
rest
of
the
mony
,
he
denyed
the
accorde
,
and
said
he
ne●…
consented
to
such
dishonourable
league
,
the
Numantines
affirmed
it
,
and
tooke
witnesse
of
the
best
men
in
his
campe
.
Where-fore
Popilius
sent
them
both
to
Rome
,
to
pleade
their
matter
before
the
Senate
.
They
wer
both
hard
,
and
yet
the
Senate
was
disposed
to
continue
the
war
against
the
Numantines
.
Popilius
tarried
out
his
yeare
in
Spaine
,
&
went
his
way
without
any
great
honour
.
In
his
place
came
C.
Ostilius
Mancinus
,
who
was
diuerse
times
ouercome
and
driuen
to
his
lodging
.
And
bicause
their
was
a
voyce
that
the
Cantabranes
,
and
the
Vacceanes
came
to
ayde
the
enimies
,
he
fledde
by
night
in
the
darke
,
with-out
making
any
fyres
,
and
gotte
to
an
olde
forsaken
campe
which
Fuluius
Nobilior
hadde
made
,
and
stayed
there
without
any
fortification
in
the
worlde
,
being
beseaged
of
the
Numantines
,
that
manased
vtter
decaye
to
him
and
all
his
.
Wherefore
to
a
voyde
further
inconuenience
,
he
made
such
reasonable
leage
with
them
as
he
could
?
Which
thing
when
it
was
heard
at
Rome
,
it
was
not
lyked
,
and
Emilius
Lepidus
was
sent
capitaine
thither
,
and
Mancinus
called
home
to
iudgement
.
And
after
him
went
the
Ambassadours
of
Numantia
.
While
the
matter
was
debated
at
Rome
,
Emilius
was
wearye
to
stande
still
idle
in
Spaine
,
and
therefore
picking
a
quarrell
against
the
Vacceanes
,
inuaded
their
countrey
,
he
layde
seage
to
Pallantia
that
had
committed
no
faulte
.
And
sent
his
sonne
in
Lawe
Brutus
into
other
partes
of
Spaine
.
Wherefore
the
Senate
sent
two
Ambassadours
vnto
him
,
meruailing
that
hée
woulde
séeke
newe
occasion
of
war
,
séeing
the
losse
had
bene
so
great
of
late
.
He
shewed
reasons
the
all
Spaine
woulde
haue
the
Romaines
in
contempt
,
if
the
war
should
be
left
now
,
and
that
the
Numantines
woulde
thereby
wax
so
strong
,
that
it
would
be
hard
hereafter
for
the
Romaines
to
bridle
or
annoy
them
,
and
so
sent
away
the
Ambassadours
without
conclusion
.
Deuise
of
Flaccus
to
saue
himself
and
his
men
Flaccus
one
of
his
capitaines
was
gone
for
vittaile
,
and
by
the
way
was
caught
in
a
traine
,
who
séeing
himselfe
in
such
extremitie
and
daunger
,
sodeinly
eryed
out
,
Pallantia
is
taken
:
at
which
words
his
souldiours
made
such
shoutes
,
as
men
bée
wont
in
victory
,
insomuch
that
the
enimie
afraid
of
themselues
,
retyred
,
and
so
he
saued
himselfe
and
the
vittaile
,
onely
by
the
deuise
of
one
word
.
The
seage
continued
long
at
Pallantia
,
and
the
Romaines
lacked
vitaile
,
they
had
eaten
alreadie
their
and
beasts
,
Famine
and
mortalitie
,
able
to
dant
euen
the
stoutest
.
&
began
to
die
of
hunger
.
Emilius
and
Brutus
sustained
famine
&
disease
long
,
but
at
length
they
were
forced
to
giue
ouer
,
wherevpon
the
capitaines
went
about
the
campe
,
commaunding
to
depart
before
day
,
leauing
behinde
them
all
things
,
euen
their
wounded
fellowes
,
and
sick
soldiours
,
which
pitifully
embrased
them
,
Vnnaturale
&
more
than
brutish
vnkindnesse
,
to
leaue
our
friends
and
companions
in
extremitie
.
and
desired
their
helpe
,
but
for
all
that
they
departed
like
men
conquered
,
with
tumult
and
disorder
.
The
Pallantines
issued
out
vpon
them
and
did
them
much
hurt
,
following
the
chase
from
morning
till
night
:
The
Romaines
being
thus
scattered
,
hither
and
thither
,
shifted
away
,
and
ranne
some
hither
,
some
thither
,
as
hap
lead
them
:
So
,
that
if
by
the
purueyance
of
God
,
the
Pallantines
had
not
retyred
,
they
had
bene
vtterly
cofounded
.
When
this
was
hearde
at
Rome
,
they
depriued
Emilius
of
his
office
,
&
condempned
him
in
a
sume
of
mony
.
Audience
was
giuen
in
the
Senate
house
,
to
Mancinus
,
and
the
Ambassadours
of
the
Numantines
.
They
alleadged
the
Chapiters
of
accorde
,
and
he
layde
all
the
blame
in
Pompei
that
was
capitaine
a-fore
him
:
but
hée
was
pardoned
before
,
and
therefore
this
blame
depended
vppon
him
.
And
so
the
Romaynes
,
by
decrée
gaue
Mancinus
into
the
hands
of
the
Numantines
,
Mancinus
●eprochfully
vsed
.
bicause
with
out
their
consent
,
he
had
dishonourably
concluded
with
them
,
folowing
the
example
of
their
auncestours
,
that
gaue
their
Consul
into
the
power
of
the
Sanuites
,
bicause
he
hadde
made
a
shamefull
peace
.
The
Numantines
would
not
take
him
,
wherefore
Furius
ledde
him
into
Spaine
,
naked
,
and
spoyled
of
all
thinges
.
The
charge
of
the
armie
was
committed
to
Calphurinus
Piso
,
who
entred
the
dominion
of
the
Numantines
,
and
after
that
he
had
a
little
ranged
,
and
trauersed
the
ground
of
the
Pallantines
without
doing
any
harme
,
but
spent
the
rest
of
his
time
in
harborough
at
Carpetane
.
The
people
of
Rome
were
weary
of
this
tedious
warre
,
The
noble
&
victorious
Scipio
.
and
determined
to
create
Cornelius
Scipio
,
Consull
,
as
he
who
onely
(
as
their
hope
was
)
coulde
dispatch
this
enterprise
,
but
bicause
hee
coulde
not
be
consull
by
reason
of
his
young
years
,
the
senate
was
content
the
peple
shold
repeal
the
law
for
one
yere
.
And
so
he
was
made
Consull
,
and
came
into
Spaine
.
He
tooke
vp
no
souldiours
by
order
,
but
such
as
would
go
with
him
of
good
will
,
and
such
as
came
to
him
from
Cities
and
Kings
confederated
,
he
tooke
to
supplye
the
number
,
many
slaues
,
and
made
one
band
of
such
as
wer
his
assured
friends
and
companions
,
which
bande
he
called
Philonide
.
These
souldiours
to
the
number
of
foure
M.
he
tooke
to
his
cousin
Buteo
to
leade
,
and
he
went
afore
in
haste
to
Spayne
,
where
he
found
the
army
lost
and
effeminated
with
ryot
and
seditition
:
he
considered
wel
,
that
he
shold
neuer
do
no
feat
with
his
men
,
except
he
had
them
in
awe
and
order
,
and
therefore
he
was
no
sooner
come
,
but
he
banished
al
Merchants
,
Whores
,
The
warlyke
discipline
of
Scipio
.
&
Southsayers
:
For
now
the
Souldiours
were
so
frayed
with
the
former
losses
,
that
they
would
do
nothing
but
with
Prophecies
,
he
assigned
few
seruaunts
and
Pieners
,
he
sold
al
beasts
of
Cariage
,
except
such
as
were
néedfull
,
he
woulde
haue
no
Cookes
in
the
army
,
nor
instruments
of
the
kitchin
,
but
a
spit
and
a
pot
,
&
tooke
an
order
for
their
dyet
,
which
was
no
more
than
sufficient
.
He
would
not
suffer
them
to
haue
any
beddes
,
and
he
him selfe
was
the
first
that
slept
vpon
a
couch
of
straw
.
He
forbad
the
souldiours
in
the
waye
to
ryde
vppon
the
beastes
of
cariage
,
saying
,
there
was
no
great
hope
of
his
trauaile
,
who
could
not
walke
a
foote
.
He
reproued
them
that
had
seruants
to
rubbe
them
in
the
bathe
,
saying
:
that
Mules
without
hands
,
had
néede
of
some
to
clawe
them
.
He
by
this
meanes
,
brought
the
armie
,
againe
to
temperaunce
,
and
obedience
,
and
accustomed
them
to
reuerence
and
feare
,
and
was
harde
to
entreat
,
except
it
were
in
matters
iust
and
honest
.
He
vsed
to
saye
,
that
gentle
Capitaines
were
profitable
to
their
enimyes
,
and
harde
Capitaines
were
profitable
to
themselues
.
When
he
hadde
brought
them
to
good
order
,
yet
durste
he
not
venter
in
anye
assaye
,
till
he
had
trayned
them
furder
.
Wherefore
he
made
euerye
daye
newe
Campes
,
one
after
an
other
,
to
kéepe
them
occupied
,
and
cast
great
Ditches
,
and
fill
them
agayne
,
buylded
high
walles
,
and
pulled
them
downe
agayne
.
And
he
in
person
was
there
from
morning
till
nyght
,
to
encourage
the
Labourers
.
In
his
waye
,
hée
marched
euermore
in
a
square
Battayle
,
and
would
suffer
none
to
goe
out
of
their
place
:
Hee
rode
about
the
armye
,
some
time
before
,
some
time
behinde
,
and
made
the
sicke
Souldiours
to
ryde
in
stéede
of
the
Horsemen
.
The
Mules
that
were
ouerladen
,
he
caused
to
be
lyghted
,
and
deuided
the
burden
among
the
footemen
.
When
hée
camped
in
Sommer
,
hée
woulde
haue
the
Horses
that
hadde
bene
abroade
by
daye
,
to
rest
at
night
,
and
haue
other
goe
in
theyr
place
.
Euerye
thing
was
appoynted
to
euerye
manne
,
who
to
appoynt
the
place
,
who
to
digge
the
Trenche
,
who
to
buylde
the
wall
,
and
who
to
set
the
tents
,
to
all
the
which
was
a
time
and
measure
assigned
.
When
he
perceiued
the
armie
to
be
in
good
discipline
,
and
of
lustie
courage
,
he
remooued
toward
Numantia
,
and
by
the
way
made
no
great
businesse
,
but
kept
himselfe
close
,
least
otherwise
he
shoulde
growe
into
contempt
among
his
enimies
,
if
at
the
beginning
,
he
should
receiue
any
losse
:
therefore
considering
well
the
state
of
the
thing
,
and
the
importaunce
of
the
Empire
,
he
thought
he
wold
come
with
all
force
at
once
,
vppon
the
Numantines
,
he
wasted
euery
thing
,
and
cut
downe
the
Corne
,
before
it
was
ripe
.
Ther
was
two
wayes
to
Numantia
,
one
short
and
plaine
,
which
they
perswaded
him
to
take
:
he
aunswered
that
he
must
thinke
as
wel
of
his
Retyre
,
as
of
his
March
,
and
considering
the
enimies
were
armed
lyght
,
and
hadde
the
Citie
on
their
backes
,
they
might
so
trouble
him
with
his
heauye
carriage
,
that
all
his
labour
should
be
in
vaine
:
for
if
he
did
ouercome
,
he
should
get
no
profit
,
and
if
he
were
ouercome
,
he
should
haue
great
losse
.
He
sayd
further
that
he
was
an
euill
Capitaine
,
which
would
aduenture
to
fight
with-out
great
aduauntage
,
and
he
was
a
sage
Capitaine
,
that
would
not
fight
,
but
when
mere
necessitie
compelled
him
:
euen
as
wise
Phisitions
,
refraine
from
cutting
and
searing
,
till
they
haue
proued
al
other
medicines
and
salues
.
Wherefore
he
gaue
order
to
goe
the
longer
way
about
,
and
to
wast
the
lande
of
the
Vacceanes
,
from
whence
the
Numantines
had
reliefe
.
The
Pallantines
had
layed
an
ambushment
in
certeine
hills
,
and
with
an
other
company
molested
them
that
cut
downe
the
Corne
.
The
Authour
of
this
history
Scipio
sent
a
Capitaine
of
his
,
named
Rutilius
Rufus
,
(
who
wrote
this
Pamphlet
)
with
foure
Troupes
of
Horse-men
,
to
refraine
their
incursions
,
Rufus
did
his
Office
,
and
encountred
with
them
,
who
of
purpose
fledde
to
the
Mountaynes
,
and
he
followed
them
too
boldlye
,
but
when
he
suspected
fraude
,
hée
made
his
men
leaue
the
chase
,
&
onely
with
their
staues
kéepe
them
off
.
When
Scipio
sawe
him
approach
too
nigh
the
Hils
,
doubting
of
the
traine
,
he
came
forward
to
helpe
him
,
and
diuided
his
men
into
two
partes
,
to
assaile
the
enimies
,
and
by
encountring
and
retiring
not
hastelye
,
but
with
the
vse
of
their
shot
,
he
saued
all
the
other
.
After
this
he
leuied
his
campe
,
and
went
forward
.
There
was
a
déepe
riuer
,
daungerous
to
wade
,
and
full
of
myre
,
about
the
which
,
the
enimies
were
ambushed
,
which
when
he
perceiued
,
he
tooke
an
other
way
about
,
going
night
and
day
,
and
for
lack
of
water
made
wels
,
in
many
of
the
which
was
found
bitter
water
.
And
in
the
ende
,
the
men
passed
safe
,
although
with
paine
,
but
of
his
Horses
and
Moyles
,
there
dyed
a
great
number
.
Marching
thorow
the
country
of
the
Cauceanes
,
vppon
whom
Lucullus
had
made
iniust
warre
,
he
proclaymed
by
his
Herauld
,
that
they
should
not
doubt
,
but
retourne
euerye
man
home
to
his
countrey
to
doe
his
businesse
.
Than
went
he
forward
into
the
countrey
of
Numantia
to
lye
ther
the
Winter
,
till
he
had
.xii.
Elephants
,
&
a
band
of
Archers
and
slingers
sent
him
from
lugurth
,
Nephew
to
Massinissa
,
&
as
he
was
about
a
spoyle
,
he
fell
on
a
time
in
an
ambushment
nigh
a
towne
,
the
greater
parte
where-off
,
was
enuironed
with
a
fenne
&
marsh
,
and
the
other
with
a
sharpe
Hill
and
a
thicke
Wood
,
in
the
which
the
bushment
laye
.
The
hoast
of
Scipio
was
deuided
,
and
one
part
was
gone
into
the
Wood
,
to
séeke
their
pray
,
and
had
left
their
ensignes
without
,
an
other
company
of
Horsemen
not
verye
many
,
were
gone
on
for
raging
and
ranging
about
,
and
were
affronted
of
the
bushment
.
Scipio
himselfe
remayned
with
the
ensigns
,
and
called
forth
the
souldiors
with
a
Trompe
,
and
before
they
were
retourned
,
a
companye
of
a
thousand
in
an
heape
,
went
to
succour
the
Horse-men
,
which
began
to
shrinke
.
And
with
the
other
,
whom
he
had
set
in
martiall
arraye
,
he
himselfe
went
forth
and
made
his
enimyes
to
flye
,
yet
would
hée
not
pursue
them
.
After
this
,
hauing
planted
two
Camps
before
Numantia
,
the
gouernment
of
the
one
he
gaue
to
his
Brother
Maximus
,
and
the
other
gouerned
himselfe
.
Polllcie
of
Scipio
to
winne
the
citie
by
famine
.
The
Numantines
came
manye
times
out
,
and
prouoked
the
Romaines
to
fight
,
but
Scipio
made
lyght
of
it
,
not
intending
to
trye
the
matter
,
with
such
desperate
people
,
but
rather
to
conquer
them
by
famine
.
Wherefore
he
buylded
seuen
Bastiones
,
and
sent
to
the
Nations
his
confederates
there-abouts
,
appoynting
what
men
they
should
send
him
,
ouer
whom
he
appoynted
seuerall
Capitaines
,
and
them
he
commaunded
to
entrench
the
towne
.
Numantia
was
thrée
mile
about
,
and
the
trench
was
as
much
againe
,
and
euery
part
had
his
Gouernour
,
with
order
that
when
they
were
molested
of
the
enimie
,
they
should
make
a
token
with
a
red
cloth
vppon
a
long
speare
,
and
if
it
were
by
night
,
they
should
make
a
fire
.
After
the
first
trench
was
made
,
hée
caused
an
other
to
be
begon
,
&
to
laye
a
foundation
for
a
wal
,
the
bredth
whereoff
was
viii
.
foote
,
and
the
height
x.
beside
the
battlements
:
and
at
euery
Arches
bredth
,
was
a
tower
,
and
bicause
he
could
not
kéepe
the
proportion
of
the
wall
for
a
standing
water
that
was
there
,
he
made
a
thick
rampier
to
serue
in
place
of
the
wall
.
This
Scipio
was
the
first
(
as
I
thinke
)
that
entrenched
a
Campe
,
before
that
Citie
which
refused
not
to
fight
.
There
was
a
Riuer
called
Duero
,
which
did
the
Numantines
much
ease
,
as
wel
for
the
conueyance
of
vittaile
,
as
for
the
priuie
passage
of
men
,
wher
off
some
diued
vnder
the
water
,
and
some
with
small
Uessells
,
when
the
winde
was
great
,
The
riuer
Duero
cha●ned
ouer
.
passed
thorowe
at
their
pleasure
.
And
bicause
he
could
make
no
bridge
ouer
it
,
for
the
swiftnesse
and
Carriages
of
the
water
,
he
made
two
Fortes
at
either
side
,
and
from
the
one
Fort
to
the
other
,
he
tyed
long
Beames
with
Ropes
,
ouerthwart
the
Ryuer
,
to
the
bottome
of
the
water
,
and
in
the
Beames
were
pricked
swerd
blades
,
and
all
kinde
of
sharpe
poynted
fooles
,
the
which
tourning
vp
and
downe
with
the
streame
of
the
water
,
kept
the
enimyes
from
passage
,
as
well
by
ship
as
by
swimming
.
This
was
the
thing
that
Scipio
most
desired
,
to
kéepe
them
from
all
out-going
,
and
receiuing
of
anye
thing
in
.
Upon
the
towres
of
the
wal
,
he
placed
engines
to
shoote
dartes
&
stones
,
and
the
walles
were
fully
furnished
with
cast
and
shotte
,
and
the
Forts
stoutly
warded
with
Archers
,
and
slingers
.
And
beside
this
,
he
gaue
order
,
that
a
number
of
men
shold
be
alwaies
redy
to
signifie
from
one
to
another
,
what
chanced
,
&
that
they
of
the
Towers
should
,
in
any
lacke
set
vp
a
banner
,
where
the
thing
was
,
and
that
the
other
shoulde
followe
the
same
.
And
this
was
to
know
euery
sodeine
accident
,
but
in
such
cases
,
as
were
to
be
precisely
and
secretly
declared
,
other
wise
he
ordeined
,
that
the
message
shoulde
bée
brought
by
mouth
.
He
deuided
his
armye
into
two
partes
,
which
was
of
the
number
of
fortie
thousande
persons
,
one
part
kept
the
Walles
,
and
the
other
serued
to
fight
abroade
,
of
the
which
,
twentie
thousande
were
ordinarye
,
and
twentie
thousande
in
relyefe
.
All
these
hadde
their
place
appoynted
,
from
the
which
they
might
not
passe
,
but
with
lycence
,
and
repayred
to
the
same
,
at
the
sight
of
a
token
.
Of
the
other
side
the
Numantines
ceased
not
to
assaulte
the
Warde
,
some-time
on
one
side
,
and
sometime
on
an
other
,
but
the
defence
was
so
meruaylous
and
so
sodeyne
,
and
the
multitude
of
Standerdes
so
great
,
and
the
number
of
menne
so
manye
,
which
at
the
sounde
of
a
Trompe
,
euen
as
it
were
in
a
moment
,
came
to
the
wall
&
the
noyse
of
the
drommes
so
terrible
,
that
many
times
the
Numantines
remayned
amazed
.
This
enclosure
,
that
compassed
sixe
mile
and
more
,
Scipio
euery
day
and
euery
night
,
paced
&
went
ouer
in
his
owne
person
,
to
sée
what
was
done
.
The
enimies
being
thus
shut
from
al
hope
of
reliefe
,
could
not
long
continue
.
There
was
one
Ritogenes
,
one
of
the
chiefe
of
the
Citie
,
Aruaceanes
,
and
as
humble
suiters
besought
them
to
help
the
poore
Numantines
their
kinsmen
and
neighbours
.
The
Aruaceanes
did
them
no
hurte
,
but
for
feare
,
charged
them
to
depart
.
From
thence
they
went
to
Lucia
,
a
strong
Citie
,
where
the
youth
was
enclyned
to
fauour
them
:
But
the
auncients
sent
word
of
it
to
Scipio
,
&
he
in
the
night
went
foorth
,
and
by
breake
of
day
,
had
compassed
the
Citie
,
and
required
the
heades
of
the
young
men
to
be
giuen
him
:
they
aunswered
,
that
they
were
fledde
and
gone
.
He
menaced
to
sacke
their
Towne
,
except
they
were
delyuered
.
The
Numantines
oppressed
with
the
miserie
of
famine
and
penurie
,
Scipio
,
to
know
what
clemencie
he
would
vse
with
them
if
they
did
render
.
The
chiefe
of
the
fiue
stoode
greatly
vpon
his
honour
,
and
magnified
the
purpose
of
the
Numantines
,
who
so
valyauntly
had
stood
to
the
defence
of
their
lybertie
,
wyues
,
and
children
,
and
affirmed
that
it
should
be
a
thing
conuenient
to
the
noble
nature
of
Scipio
,
to
take
pittie
of
so
noble
a
people
.
Wherefore
(
quoth
hée
)
receyue
vs
to
thy
mercye
,
with
conuenient
punishment
,
or
come
and
fight
with
vs
,
that
we
may
dye
like
men
.
Scipio
,
who
knewe
well
ynough
how
it
was
with
them
,
required
that
they
should
simply
render
themselues
to
his
discretion
,
which
aunswere
when
it
was
reported
to
the
Numantines
,
like
men
madde
and
furious
,
they
killed
the
v.
messengers
,
as
bringers
of
euil
news
:
so
fierce
was
their
nature
by
continuall
calamitie
,
not
accustomed
to
obey
.
And
after
they
had
spent
all
their
beastes
,
The
miserarable
&
lamentable
state
of
the
Numantins
.
and
fedde
vpon
Lether
suppled
in
water
,
last
of
all
they
fell
to
eating
of
deade
mens
flesh
,
whiche
they
either
founde
decayed
or
killed
them selues
,
where
vppon
their
nature
was
become
like
the
noriture
that
they
tooke
,
and
at
length
conquered
with
famine
,
and
pestilence
,
they
yealded
to
Scipio
.
Hée
commaunded
them
to
bring
foorth
all
their
armour
,
and
come
them-selues
,
into
a
place
appoynted
.
But
they
deferred
the
day
,
bicause
some
desired
to
ende
their
lyues
by
famine
,
in
the
lybertie
of
their
countrey
.
Such
hyghe
courage
was
in
this
lyttle
Citie
,
that
so
many
tymes
had
driuen
the
Romaynes
to
make
such
accorde
with
them
,
as
they
neuer
dydde
,
wyth
anye
other
Natyons
.
Euerye
man
knoweth
what
a
Capitaine
this
Scipio
was
,
that
laye
at
the
siege
,
with
thréescore
thousand
men
,
&
yet
they
with
their
eight
thousand
,
prouoked
him
many
times
to
fight
.
But
surelye
hée
was
more
experte
than
anye
other
Capitaine
,
and
by
his
long
experience
in
warres
,
knewe
that
it
was
a
thing
bootelesse
,
and
woulde
not
auayle
,
to
fight
and
deale
with
such
sauage
people
anye
other
waye
,
than
to
subdue
them
by
hunger
,
which
is
remedilesse
,
and
the
onelye
thing
,
that
coulde
ouer-throwe
the
Numantines
,
as
it
didde
in
déede
.
They
that
determined
to
dye
in
the
space
of
thrée
dayes
dispatched
them-selues
,
some
one
way
,
and
some
an
other
.
The
other
came
forth
at
the
place
appoynted
,
Numantia
conquered
by
Scipio
.
all
deformed
and
horrible
to
sée
,
their
bodyes
wer
foule
,
and
their
hayre
long
,
their
nayles
ouergrowen
,
and
ful
of
filth
,
their
garments
ill
fauoured
and
worse
sauoured
,
and
the
whole
feature
of
their
body
vgly
and
terrible
,
their
countenaunce
strange
&
fierce
,
their
affections
cruel
&
beastly
,
being
by
their
dyet
tourned
from
the
nature
of
men
.
The
Romaines
were
asronished
at
the
sight
,
with
meruaile
at
their
disposition
of
bodye
and
minde
,
they
considered
the
penury
,
the
dolour
,
and
the
paine
that
they
had
taken
,
they
abhorretd
he
remembrance
of
their
feeding
,
being
driuen
one
to
gnawe
anothers
flesh
:
their
infected
ayre
,
their
perishing
by
hunger
,
their
decay
by
sword
,
made
the
Romaines
heauie
in
that
their
time
of
ioy
.
Scipio
reserued
some
of
them
for
the
triumph
,
and
solde
the
others
.
This
capitaine
that
had
ouerthrowne
two
mighty
cities
,
and
hard
to
be
taken
,
reserued
Carthage
,
that
was
so
great
,
and
had
Empire
both
by
sea
and
lande
,
and
destroyed
Numantia
from
the
foundation
,
that
was
but
little
,
and
of
smal
receipte
,
which
he
did
either
bicause
it
was
so
expedient
for
the
Romaines
,
or
bicause
hee
was
a
man
of
cruell
nature
to
them
whom
he
tooke
by
force
,
or
(
as
some
men
thinke
)
bicause
he
thought
his
glorie
should
growe
by
the
quantitie
of
their
affliction
,
and
therefore
he
is
called
Africanus
,
and
Numantinus
of
the
calamities
that
he
wrought
these
two
cities
.
Whan
he
had
diuided
the
countrey
of
Numantia
to
the
next
cities
,
and
quieted
the
suspected
places
,
with
payment
of
money
,
he
went
home
by
shippe
.
After
him
came
other
capitaines
and
did
no
great
feates
,
sauing
onely
Didius
,
slew
a
xx
.
M.
Aruaceanes
,
and
made
the
Citizens
of
Termeto
to
leaue
their
strong
situation
,
and
dwell
in
the
plaine
.
He
also
tooke
Colenda
,
ix
.
moneths
after
he
had
beseaged
it
.
And
in
one
thing
followed
the
cruel●te
of
Lucullus
,
for
he
made
a
number
of
Celtiberians
beléeue
,
that
he
would
giue
them
lande
to
inhabite
,
and
apponted
them
to
come
to
a
place
assigned
with
their
wiues
and
children
.
And
when
they
were
come
in
deede
,
Crueltie
&
falshod
of
Lidius
.
he
made
his
armie
to
kill
them
euery
mothers
sonne
.
After
him
came
Flaccus
,
and
killed
xx
.
M.
of
them
,
and
at
the
citie
of
Belgida
the
people
was
disposed
to
rebell
,
and
caused
the
Senatours
to
consult
what
was
best
to
be
done
,
and
bicause
they
were
long
or
the
could
conclude
,
they
set
fire
on
the
place
and
burned
them
all
.
After
the
which
time
there
was
no
great
a
doe
,
till
Q.
Sertorius
,
a
noble
man
of
Rome
,
and
of
the
faction
of
Cinnia
,
made
much
a
doe
in
Spaine
against
the
Romaines
,
against
whom
Cecelius
Metellus
,
and
Gneus
Pompeius
were
sent
,
and
after
that
Certorius
was
traiterously
slayn
by
Perpenna
,
one
of
his
owne
sort
:
Pompey
made
an
end
of
the
warre
,
and
slewe
Perpenna
.
After
him
Caius
Caesar
had
somewhat
adde
with
Pompeies
children
,
who
wer
fauoured
in
the
country
,
and
last
of
al
Octauius
Cesar
subdued
them
that
disobeyed
,
and
made
an
end
of
them
.
All
the
which
things
bicause
they
were
done
of
the
Romaines
against
Romaines
,
in
the
time
of
ciuil
warre
,
they
be
declared
in
the
bookes
appropriate
to
the
same
.
And
when
the
Emperour
of
Rome
had
the
Lordship
of
all
the
world
,
and
euery
land
was
at
his
commaundement
,
than
Spaine
was
compelled
to
receiue
such
gouernment
as
he
did
appoint
,
which
〈…〉
president
of
iustice
,
and
a
〈…〉
warre
.
And
after
the
decli●●…
〈◊〉
of
the
Romaine
Empire
,
they
r●●●uered
libertie
,
and
grewe
into
kingdomes
,
as
other
countries
did
.
FINIS
.