The safegarde of saylers, or great rutter Contayning the courses, distances, soundings, flouds and ebbes, with the marks for the entring of sundry harboroughs both of England, Fraunce, Spaine, Ireland, Flaunders, and the soundes of Denmarke, with other necessarie rules of common nauigation. Translated out of Dutch into English by Robert Norman hydrographer. And newly corrected and augmented by E.W.

How to sayle from Amsterdam going out to Sea .

FIrste , When you shall Sayle from Amsterdam to Thyoorte , keep you in the middle channel . And when you are without Thyoorte , then goe Northeast so long , till you haue brought Markerkerke with the lowe Land o● Edam . And then keepe so , till that you haue brought Amsterdam a good way open to the northwards of the Chappel of Thyoort , and then keep your course Northeast and by east , and East Northeast till you haue brought Edam by East Merken , & then you are past Pampus . Then goe northeast towards Urke , and when you see Urke beare northeast & by north from you , or more Northerlye , then are you in the right course . And hauing obserued these pointes , you shal finde hard ground , and then againe soft ground , and a better depth , and then are you in the right Channel . But if Urke beare northeast from you , them are you verie nigh to the north shore sand . Then goe nowe and then more westerlye , till you haue brought the Church and the houses in one , & then goe west northwest with the Hoft , & keepe the church & the houses in one , vntil you haue brought Memelick a little without the land of the Uen , and keepe it so , till you haue brought the end of the Uen directly ouer Ankenson , keeping this course & the markes in one till you bring Grosbrocke and it together , they haue two sharp steeples , and keep Memelick open to the northwards of the Castle , as much as the breadth of the Castle or more . These are the markes of the Channel , you shall haue 4. fatham , and in the best 5. fath. 3. foote lesse , and hard streamy ground .

Item , to sayle from the Hoft to the Creile , you must goe northwest & by north . After as the winde and tyde will serue , the markes of the Creile , is Twiske church a little to the westward of the Corne mill , which is on the west side of Memelicke , and Mirnes a flat steeple which lieth at the south end of Cliffe , these brought together are the markes of Creile , and the Buies lie in foure fatham , and in the best deepe is fiue fatham , The Course from Creile to the plat is north and by east , the markes are Pendergas flat Stéeple standing within the Land , and Buerthwisen a Uillage in the midway betweene Worwolt and Panderga , ( to wit ) Buerthwisen , and then next Panderga , and Mirnes is the third marke , & then by east Stauerne you shall see a sharpe steeple . These are the markes of the plat , and dooth lye in two fatham , and in the best deepe is but three fatham .

Item from the plat to the Tuffler , the course is North Northeast , the markes is a small sharpe steeple which standeth at the Corner of Panderga , Mirnes , Molquerum , Hemelium , and the long Buerthwisen : goeing by these marks you shall come to the Bay , which lyeth in two fatham ¼ at a lowe water , and betweene the plat and Tuffler dooth the shauld of the Ulack lye , a southeast and a Northwest moone dooth make there a full sea .

Item from the Tuffler to goe to the westwardes of Worcom , you must goe north and by west , or more Westerlye , vntill you haue two little Steeples northeast of you , and shut one in another , they stand vppon the sea side , and when you haue brought them open one from another , then you shall see other two small steeples something to the Eastwards , then edge northwardes something offwardes kéeping them open one from an other , as farre as the other past which stand by the sea side : Then haue your thwart marks for the Buy is a high house at the East ende of a Kowdom , and commeth in at the South end of Hinde , And these are the marks of the Buy or Tunne that lyeth west from worcom , and lyeth scarce in three fatham . And the best deapth is three fatham , and is soft ground .

Item , from by west Worcem , to Yeghelhocke , Northwards , the thwart markes is a long village by the Seaside , comming into a valley , and in the same vallie comes a small steeple , and against these markes the Buy or Tun of Yeghelhocke lyeth at three fatham & a halfe , the best deapth is foure Fatham soft ground . The West shore is very deep , the Eastland shore is flat or plattie .

Item , from Yeghelhocke to the middle gront , the course is north , the land marks are two sharpe steeples , northeast from you : those twaine brought together , there lyeth the middle ground , on which is foure Fatham , the best deapth is sixe fatham , and the west parte is verie deepe , and then go north northwest with Swanballick .

Item the thwart markes , for the Buy of Swanballicke are Bolstwert , brought open a little by south Cormure by a little round house . These are the markes for the Buy which lyeth toward the East shore in three Fatham , you may saile by them as ye come from within outwards , but as ye come outwards you may not sayle by the west shore .

Item , then from Swanballicke to Skutland , the course is northwest , vntill you haue brought Panderga to the northward Yoschwisen , which is a round village with a little flat Steeple , and is to the Southward of Macom the next to it , and keepe Panderga in the middest between the South end of Macom , and that round village , then can you not go amisse . And when you haue brought Panderga neer to Macom , then are you nigh the north land , and if Panderga bee neere the round village , then are you nigh to the Southland , therefore keepe Panderga alwaies in the middle betweene that village and Macom , as long as you can see them , till you come about Kashock .

Item , the marke of Skutsand , is a flat Steeple which sheweth ouer the blockehouse of Harling , the Land markes is Bloswert Northwards of the Stintsen , which standeth on the Northwardes of Womens , that Buy lyeth in sixe Fatham of the North shore , and is verie deepe , & in a maner shore deepe , & the best deapth there is seauen or eight fatham You may sayle by the south shore by your leade .

Item , the course from Skutsand to Caishocke is west northwest , The markes of Caishocke are these , Fromiker with Harling , or verie nigh vnto the houses of the Towne of Harling , and vppon the north land lyeth the Buy at fiue fathams .

Item the course from Caishocke to Woolfehook is north northwest , and you may bee bolde to sayle by the east shore , from Caishocke to Woolfehooke and the channel , is ten or twelue fatham deepe , and the west shore is there verie stéep to the Castle .

Item , from Woolfehook to Schierinchalles the course is North and by West , and the best depth is seauen or eight fathams , and then from Schierinchalles to Langersande , the course is northwest , there you may not sayle too neere the shore , as you come from within outwardes : these two Buies ( to wit ) Woolefhook & Langersand , are no markes to make account of , but Woolfehooke lyeth also on the east side , at 4. fathams , and Langersand likewise lieth in the same side at fiue Fathams , and comming from without inwards , you may sayle along on the east side of Langersand by Schierinchalles : vpon the west side comming inwards , keepe you at seauen fathams , and you cannot doe amisse .

Item , from Langersand to the Castle , the course is north , the east side is shallowe and flat .

Item the course from the Creile to the South Buye of Wyringen flats , is west northwest . And when you haue brought Twiske in the middest between the two Steeples which is Derdoes , and Almerdorpe , then take heede you come no néerer to that flat with any ship , that drawes much water , especially at a lowe water , and then set of northwest and by west . Heere a south east and northwest Moone makes a ful sea . And when the Moone is east or west , then is it there still water , and best tune to sayle ouer it .

Item , the markes of the souther Buye from the flat of Wiringen , is Twiske beyond Almerdorp , and the thwart markes is Cleuerst when it commeth by south the west end of the Church of Wyringen .

Item , from the south Buy , to the next Buy or Tunne by Scorne , the course is northwest and by north , and this Buye lies of the we●t shore of three fatham , a quarter lesse . Then must you keepe by the east shore , that is the deeper side , the Marke is the Mill on the south end of the Riuer .

Item , from Scorne to the North buye , the course is North northwest , The east shore is flat , and the best of the Channell is three Fathams at lowe water , the West shore is the deepest , the thwart markes for the North Buye , are two Towers standing to the East wards by Wyringen brought in one and the Buye lyes in three Fathams of the wester shore .

Item from the North Buye to the Nese , keepe the North Buye with Memelick , so farre as you can see , till you bring those two Steeples or Towers into one , and then shall you haue water enough . And then runne on north and by west , and keepe off from the Wester shore , for that is flat , & the easter shore is deeper . And in the right channel is seauen fatham deepe about the Buye . And markes of the Nese that is westward is a steeple by Wyringen , broght a little way by West the vttermoste houses of Wyrengen , and lyes towards the East shore in 6. fatham : You must then go more Westerlye with the west shore in fiue fatham , and keepe so till the Watermill come without the north end of the riuer , kéeping so til you finde ten or twelue Fatham , then go west northwest to Uoge●sand , and then you haue both the shores verie deepe . And when you come neere to Uogelsand , you shall see Coger church to the westward of the houses which stand by the west of the mill , then keepe Coger Church to the westwardes of the houses that stand westward of the mil , so long till the high st●eple come without the end of the houses , which stand to the northeast of that high Steeple , kéeping them so a little without the houses , and so can you not miscarie on the south shore , keepe in fiue Fatham till you come to the Roode , which is the Herne about Weringerdicke .

How to sayle to Amsterdam comming out of the Sea .

ITem from the Busse inwards to Hobsand , the course is south a little to the Eastwardes .

Item the thwart markes from the Busse is the Cape vpon the corner of Schellinck , & the south end of the downes of Schellinck , and lyes in fiue Fatham on the easter shore , and in the deepest is nine or ten Fatham , and on the West side is deepe till you be past Hobsand , and beeing past Hobsand , the fore floud sets you thwart ouer to the Buye . And you may goe that way , when you come from without inwards . Therefore you must keep your selfe in deepe water . And the sore Ebbe doth runne againe directly towards the Fleland .

Item , the Markes of H●●sand is the easterliest sharpe Steeple vpon Schellinck , brought a little to the eastwards of the long house and the sand bankes of Fleland . Those brought a little within the white Leden , and thereupon the Buy , and lies in sixe Fatham by the east shore .

Item from Hobsand to Langersande , the course is south and somewhat westerly , come not neerer to the east shore then seauen Fatham , and so you may not sayle fast by Langersand , for the Buy lyeth in fiue fatham of the East shore , and lyeth at the ende of Langersand , where you vse to turn into Getsing for to sayle to Harling . Then from Langersand to Schierinchalles , the course is southeast , come not in any lesse water then seauen fatham , and you may not come nere Schierinchalls : on the west shore thwart ouer against Schierinchalls you shall haue 10. or 11. fatham .

Item , from Schierinchalls to Woolfhooke , the course is South southeast , set your course alongst the west shore , and keep in sixe or seauen fatham . About Woolfehook it is eight Fa●ham , and the eastermoste Buy lyeth in foure fatham , ye may sayle hard by it when ye come out of the sea inwardes , therefore keepe yee in deepe water .

Item , from Woolfhook to Raishook , the course is southeast and by south . Then you may keepe by the East shore in foure or fiue Fatham , till you come to Raishooke . In the maine Channell , is eleuen or twelue fatham , the west side is a shore almost steep too . The after floud sets into the old Ulye , the markes of Raishooke is Franker , brought open to the Eastwardes of the towne of Harling , a little by the west Mil , which is to the westwards of the Steeple of Harling . Heere doth the Buy lye in fiue Fatham .

Item , from Raishooke to Scutsand the course is east southeast , vntill you haue brought the Beacon southeast of Raishooke , and thwart of you , and then within a while you shall haue sholder water : the south shore is flat but you may well sayle by it , the best deapth shall be fiue fatham or there abouts , and then you shal see Marcum beare southeast from you , which standes by the water side with a mil , and to the southward of Marcum doth lye a little round village with a flat steeple , and betweene this Uillage and the south ende of Marcum standes a flat Tower , and is called Panderga , keepe this Tower in the middle betwéen the middle of this Uillage , and the south ende of Marcum , and so you cannot take any hurt on neither shore . And if Panderga bee nearer to Marcum , then are you by the north shore , and if Panderga bee next the Uillage , then are you by the Southland , therefore keepe Panderga in the middle , vntill you haue brought Winaldom ouer the highest of the Towne of Harling , and then you shall haue deepe water . Then haue you the Beacon of Doueballigh vpon the thwart marks of Scutsand , which is Winaldom with the blockehouse of Harling and Bulswert by North , the two Stenghen lyes by north Wocustaem , and the Buye lyeth by the North shore in sixe Fatham and it is steepe too .

Item from Scutsand to Swanbalch , the course is northwest and southeast ▪ There you may not sayle neere t●e east shore , and yet with an after floud and a fresh gale of winde at a stil water , you may come nere to the Easter shore . The floud runneth southward when the moone is S. or N. & the ebbe againe runneth northwards so long as the Moone is E. or w. yet notwithstanding , a southeast or northwest M. makes a high water . And heere the streames sets to the westwards & like wise vpon the flats . And about Swanebalch , you may keepe by the west shore , but take heede that you come not in lesse depth then fine fatham .

Item , the thwart markes from the Buye to Swanebalch , is Bolswart brought ouer a little round house , which stands to the southward of Curmor , and against that dooth lye the buye on the east side , and lies in three fatham water .

Item from Swanebalch to the middle ground , the course is south southeast and north northwest , keepe the Buye of the middle ground lying about Hinde to go by , and so go ye well . And betweene the two Buyes you may bee boldest towards the west shore , and yet you may saile hard by the East shore : when you come from without inwards , you shal finde the buy of the middle ground to lye in foure fathams , or there abouts of the east shore .

Item the markes of the middle ground , are two sharpe steeples & they lie northeast from you , the one is called Arom and the other Peningen , these are the thwart markes , and you shall see likewise two flat Steeples , by east Harling , which are called Winaldom and Middelum , those twaine are the land markes , & these two Churches must be brought both in one .

Item from the middle ground to Yeghelhooke the course is south , the East shore is flat , and the west shore is steep● too , the thwart markes of Yegelhooke , is a village vpon the water side to be brought in a gut or vallie , and directly vppon this Gut or vallie , comes in sight a small Steeple : these are the markes of the Buye . And Yeghelhooke lyeth on the east side at three fatham and a halfe .

Item , from Yeghelhooke to the west of Workum , the course is south , the east shore is flat , and the West shore , not so flat , in the Channell is soft ground , the thwart marks to the westwardes of Workum , you shall see a sharpe steeple lying farre within the land , to the northwardes of Hindelopen , and when they come with the houses standing by North Hindelopen , and thwart of Hindelopen there lyeth the Buye in two fatham ½ at a lowe water in the best deapth is three fatham , hard ground . Then west of Workum to the Tuffler , the course is south and by East , Easterlye : so long till the markes of Tuffler , that is Panderga a flat steeple to the southwards of Uorwold within the land , and you shall see a little steeple come ouer Core , of Panderga . These are the land markes of that Buye , the thwart markes are Hemellum , the countrie houses of Molquellum and Myrus flat steeple , keeping alongst these , you shal come to the Tuffler , which lies in two fatham ●/2.

Item , from the Tuffler to the plat , your course is south southwest , according as the winde or streame dooth serue , betweene both these Buyes lyes the sholdes of the Ulacke , and you must keepe Panderga in one with the Countri● houses and by south , so long till you haue brought Mirus which is a flat steeple to the Eastwards of Stauerre state , and these are the thwart markes of the Plat , & lyeth at two fatham ½ . The land markes are the countrie houses standing scant halfe way betwixt Uorwold and Panderga ( to wit ) the countrie houses next to Panderga , & these markes being in one , there you shall finde the Buye which lyeth in three fatham .

Item from the Plat to Creile , the course is south and by West , and going so , you shall now and then haue deepe water , and so go til you haue brought Tuyex by west the corne Mill , which standes by west Memelicke . These are the land markes , and the thwart markes is Myrus , a litttle flat stéeple , which commeth in at the south end of the Eliffe : thes● marks being in one , there lyeth the Buye of the Creile in 4. fatham , the best deapth is fiue fatham .

Item , from the Creile to the Hooft , the course is southeast , goe so vntil there appeare a sharp Stéeple at the South ende of the Cliffe , and bring Grootbrooke and that in one . These are thwart markes of the two Buyes , and then Memelick steeple brought by North the Castle , as far as tho Castle is broad or more , that is likewise a thwart marke : the land markes is one end of the Uen , with the east church of Ankeusen . The Creeple lyeth in three fatham large . And Hooft lyeth in foure Fatham toward the east shore , and the Creeple lieth on the wester shore , the best depth is scarce 5. fatham and hard ground .

Item , from the Hooft to Urk , the course is east southeast til you haue brought Medenblincke a little without the land of the Uen , goeing so till you bring the Church of Urke within the houses , & keep it so til you come neere vnto Urk , and now & then edge to the southward , til the church of Urk beare almost north northeast from you , and then goe southeast with Pampus . And when you are come so nigh vnto Pampus , that you can see Amsterdam with the Chappell of Tyort , keeping your course so vntill Merkerkerke bée brought in the plaine land of Uidam , then keepe Merkerkerke so of you till you come vnto Tie , and keep you in the mid channell till you come to Amsterdam .

Item , now for to sayle from Huysdwinen inwards , goe Northeast and by East , for the landes are steep to , on either side and cannot well be sounded : Therfore keep your course so vntill the Churh at the east end come to the East of the highest and moste easterly f●rme house , which stands to the westward of the Church : and dooing thus you can take no hurt by Burksand . Then go northeast so long til the highest spire steeple appeare without the houses which stand to the northeast of Howberich , and keepe those Steeples still by north those houses , so long till you haue brought the church in the Cooch , which is without a steeple , and couered with blew slates , nigh vnto the mill which standes betwéen Oosterend and the Duaell , and goe east southest , and keepe the Chu●ch and the Mill together as long as you can see them , and then you shall see the water mill that standes on the other side of Wieringhen , wil come between the Douer and the other corne mill : keepe this course towards the West shore in fiue fatham , and at seauen fatham y● shall haue the Buye which is the best deapth .

Item , the markes of the Buye vpon the Nes is the westward steeple : brought a little without the mos●e westerly houses of Wieringhen , and dooth lie at fiue fatham on the East shore , and so you may direct your course . Therfore ke●p by the west shore , from the Nes Buye , to the North Buye , which lieth on the flattes , the course is south and by east , and then when you haue brought two sharpe steeples ouer Wieringhen in one : then shall you haue 4. or 5. fath. there you must stay with Shippes of great draught to be lighted , The west shore is flat : the east shore is deepest , then going south and by east , within a while you shal haue sholder water , that is to say 3. fatham ½ lesse at lowe water . And when you come so neere that you can see the Buy thwart Memelicke , then you shal finde the norther buye of the Ulack : and the Buy lyeth in 2. fath. ½ at lowe water , and lyeth on the west shore , you must sayle by the east side : the thwart marks of this Buy are two easterly stéeples brought in one .

Item from the norther Buy to the other Buy thwart of Sochorne , the course is south southeast : the markes is the Mill on the South end , and lyeth in two Fatham 1/● against the middle of the west shore , you must sayle by it east .

Item from Sochorne to the south Buy , the course is south southeast , and lyeth in two fatham 1/● betweene these 2. Buies lieth the shallow of Ulack : the thwart markes of the south buy of the Ulacke , are 5. or 6 , houses brought a little by south , the moste westerlye Steeple of Wieringhen , and these houses are called Cleuern , the land ma●kes is a sharpe steeple by west Memelick , which you must bring ouer Almerdorp , Almerdorp hath a little flat Steeple .

Item from the south Buye of the Ulacke to the Creille the course is east southeast , and to keepe the right Channel , runne southeast and by east so long till you finde deepe water , or till you haue the land of Creile , that is Myrus , at the south ende of Cliffe .

Item , when you come from by north inwards , and wil sayle to Ankewsen , then bring that high red house to the westward of the steeple so that you may see between them , and keep so till the west end of it come right ouer that great high Farme house which standeth by north the Watermil , and these are the markes of the first Buye , then goe south southwest towards the wester shore in two Fatham , and then off againe into two Fatham 1/● the thwart marks of the other Buye is Boecaspell , brought ouer that Farme house , the land markes are to bring the Mill by south of Ankewsen , a little by East of that high stone house which stands at the south end , and against that doth lye the Buye , then kéep your course by the west shore . Upon a flowing water you may saile fast by the East shore comming inwards .

Item , the thwart markes of the third Buye is Grotebrooke , brought ouer the same farme house to the Northwards of the water Mill. The land markes of the same buy is a stone house which standes at the north end opening from the Steeple , so as you may see betweene them : these are the land markes of the third Buye .

Item to knowe the land markes of the Buy to the southw●●ds of Ankeusen : next to Ankeusen the watch house by the gate being brought by East the Steeple : And by these markes when the Mill comes in on with the quire of Boecaspell , there shall you finde the Buy on the East shore .

Item the land markes of the moste southerlie buye , is the little tower of the hospitall , being a little by west of a little steeple that stands vpon the tower that the ankers do hang vpon : the thwart markes is a sharpe steeple brought on the south end of Buerthwisen nigh vnto a high Farme house : with these markes lieth the southermoste Buye .

Item , now it is necessarie that al men should knowe that these creekes and streames before specified , are to be vnderstoode for waters of pilotage , or lademanage : therefore by the Sea right it is plaine , that the Maister of any Ship sayling these streames , and refusing to take in a pilot or lodesman & that thereby the Ship doth perish , and miscarie : he is bound to make restitution to the Marchants for their goods .

These following are the Seauen Ilands of Yotland . Witholm , Ameren , Dil , Kem , Menow , Fanow , Numink .

Of Bombergen .

Item from Bombergen , to the Elue , the land lieth northwest , and southeast , and are distant 52. leagues . And a south and north Moone makes a ful Sea in all those hauens . And like wise in Yotland .

Item , Bombergen is a flat long Hill , and on the south ende of it standes a steeple , and to the north part of the same northeast end , dooth likewise stand a steepe Hil or Tower , and from that are high round Sand hilles , as though it were salt houses all alongst euen to the Holmes : and the course from Bombergen to the holmes , is North northeast , and they are distant a 11. leagues .

Item , the riffe lyes alongst betweene Bombergen and the holmes west , or thereabouts in the seawards .

Item , in all hauens betweene Bombergen and the Elue and thereabouts , a south or north Moone makes a full Sea .

Of Friezeland side .

Item the Coast of Frizeland lies alongst , East northeast and west southwest .

Item , the Eider and the Holy land , lie east and by north , and west and by south one from an other , and are distant two small kennings .

Item , Ripen lyes from the holy land Northeast and by north , two great kennings a sunder .

Item , the holy land and the Schelling , lye northeast and by east , and south west and by west one from an other , and are distant 31. leagues .

Item , you may sayle into the south Hauens , at 5 , fatham .

Item , you shall come no neere the Holy Lande on the westerside , then nine or tenne fatham so the Northwards , for from the Steene at some places it is seauen Fatham deepe .

How to goe in with Holy land .

Holy lande

Coluerhoeck

Item to sayle from the Holy land to the Elue , the cours● lies south and by east , and distant two kennings .

Item , he that will ride vnder the holye land , and comes from the west , let him not come any nearer by the west part then ten fatham , so long as you can see betweene the Monk● and the high Cliffe , and then you may goe boldly with the south shore in foure fathams , by that side or fiue .

Item , when the Cliffe beareth southwest , or west southwest of you : and the Coluerhooke lyes north northeast from you , there is the best Rode in foure or fiue Fatham water , faire white sand , and by Coluerhook is likewise faire ground to anker on .

Item , when the Werk lyes south east and by south from you , then are the markes in one .

Item , when as Mensen lies south from you , then are you open of the Weser .

Item when the Cape of Roten lyes southeast and by East from you , then you shall see them also in one .

Item , when the Tower or steeple of Bor●um dooth lye south from you , then are you open against the easter Emes .

Item , when you haue Iuster tower northeast from you , then are you within the riuer of Iuster .

Item , whem the Beacons of Shermerinkocke lye to the east southeast of you , then you shall see them in one .

Item , from Rose borkin to that Beacon in the Meme : th● course is southeast and by east , goe by the Southland in seuen or eight fatham .

Item , from the Beacon on the ( Meme ) to the Buy on the east side of the course is east and by north .

Item from the Buy on the east side , the course is East & by north . And holde the North shore till you come to the Stoor Toée .

Item when as you come from vewest , and wil sayle into the Elue , then keepe the south shore in fourteene fatham , and in Elue , you shall haue fifteene fatham , and is hard ground .

The course to goe into the Elue .

Item when you goe with the Elue , you must brin● the Cape and the new Werke in one , which will bring you with the Buy , and the shore Buy lies on the South shore . Then from the shore Buy , to the Buy the Newgate , the course is East and by North : reckon alway your streames , for the floodes sets commonlye East and by south inwards . Then runne towards the North shore in sixe or fiue fatham , and so shall the Newgate come in with the first Buy or Tun , and when you haue the Werke south at the first Buy , there shall you haue it foure fatham or the caebouts : keepe that Buy on the steereboord and goe with the other Buy east ( in ) and something to the Northwardes from that other Buye , the Werke lyes southwest , and in fiue or sixe Fatham water : then forwards to the third Buye or Tunne : goe East southeast , somewhat southerlye ( in ) And the Werke lyes from the third Buye Southwest and by south , there is deeper water seuen or eight Fatham tast by the Buy , then beare on to the fourth Buy east Southeast , and the Werke lies of it south west and by west , And that fourth Buy lyes on the highest of the new grounds and the new groundes are steepe to , and lye dry at low water Then when you come out of the Seas , you may goe in fiue or sixe fatham wat●r by the foresaid second Buy , hence away to the Rose beacon without any danger , and keepe by the southland . Then keepe your course from the fourth tunne to the first , southeast , and the first tunne or Buy lies at the end of the new grounds : and when you haue brought the mill within the Lande , and Crwis Kirke in one , then are you past the new groundes . The Werke and the first Buy or Tunne , lye the one from the other west southwest something more southerly .

Item , when any ship comes from by west and will goe into the Elue , and hath a southerly winde , or a west southwest winde : let him beare aloft by the south shore in twelue Fatham , so long as he keepeth the south shore , for when hee comes right against the Elue , hee must then keepe the south shore in seauen or eight Fatham , going so alongst the south shore till you haue brought the Werke south from you , or neither abouts : and then goe more northerly til you come to the Buy of the new gate or entrie in . And from the fift Buy , goe southest and by south til you come to the sixt Buy , and when you shal see a mil in a certaine blacke heath with a house : then hale in towards the land , and when you haue brought the mill to the eastwardes of that house , then are you within the Rose Buy , then goe east and by south to the Rose Beacon , and when you are against the Rose Beacon , then shall you see a little Church with a small sharpe Steeple within the land : when you haue brought the Church right ouer a long house a Cable length to the Eastwardes of Rotsebetell , then shall you bee hard by the Rose Beacon . Then goe Southeast and by east vp toward the Moen , and keepe the south shore in seauen , eight , or nine fatham , so long , till there come to the westward of you a sharpe Steeple , brought in one with two other steeples , that stand in one Churchyard within the land , which is called Oldenbrook , and when one of the steeples is come so far by the east , then you shall see a couple of trees , when you haue brought the steeples into these two trees , then are you past the sholdes of Romerder , and then goe east with Bunsutell and keepe rather alongst the north shore at fiue or sixe Fatham , but take heede of the souther shore for feare of Pelgheremsand , for you shall sayle alongst by it .

Item , if the weather so serue that you may then keepe by the north shore still till you come at Billingborch , and when you are come to Billingborch , yet keepe you on the north shore still in seauen or eight Fatham , and hale so in till you come so farre as Rugeroort , then you shall come to the Easter shore , then you must hale vp something more Southerly to Staderland .

Item there is the south Elue which now lately in Anno 1571. is bowed .

Item , from the Schore Buy , to the next Buy , your course is east and by South .

Item , from the second Buye to the third : the course lyeth east southeast , and something more to the southwards .

Item , from the third Buy to the fourth , the course is east and by south .

Item , from the fourth Buy or tunne to the fift , the course is east and by north .

Item from the fift Buye to the Buye in the Rose , the course is southeast .

Item from the Rose Buye to Rose Beacon the course is southeast , and something southerly .

The course to sayle to the Weser .

Item , hee that comes from the westwards and will saile to the Weser , hauing a Northwest or a North Northwest winde , let him not come any neerer to Wangeroge then six fatham , and then let him runne east so long till he see the vt●ermoste Buye : and then there lies a sand on Larbourd , which is called the mid plat , on which is but two fatham at a full sea , and lyes open before the Weser , then from that Buy to the other course is northeast .

Item if you should haue the winde southerlie , then go● with Wengerorge , and keepe you in nine or ten Fatham , and take heede of the wester Weser that lies at 9. fatham inwards , then take your course ouer from Wangerorge Northeast till ye come at ten or eleuen Fatham , then shall ye haue Menser Church beare south and by east from you , there lies the vttermoste Buy .

M●nser Church .

Item , Menser Church is a flat Church , without anye steeple , and lies in Urowkens land : from the vttermost buy to the second Buy your course is east . And when you are a little from the second Buy , then lies Menser from you South and by east , and from that Buy to the third , your course is east . And when you are at the third Buy , then lies Menser south from you : from the third Buye to the fourth , your course is east , but see that you alwaies accompte your tide , and then lies Menser from you south and by West . Then from the fourth Buy to the Buy on the head , the course lies east and somewhat to the northwards , And when ye come to the Buy , then lies Menser South southwest from you , then goe Southeast and by South to the Buy in the Faire way that lies in 10. or 11. Fatham , and take alwaies good heede of your streame . That Buy is laide for the Beacon , then southeast is the course to the Buy on the Coers .

Item from the Buy vpon the Coers to the Buy on ●he Steene of the Bollensill , the course lies southeast ▪ and to the eastwards . And when you are about the Buye of Bollensil then set your course to the southward , with the west shore , there are two Beacons standing .

Langhwoorde .

Item when Newarke lyes southeast and by south of you , then haue you both the Capes in one .

Blexhem Church .

Item , when you haue Menser Church south from you , then are you open before the Weser .

Item , when the steeples of Borkum beare south from you then are you open thwart of the easter emes .

Item , when the steeples beare nue northeast of you , then you are within both the Iuster Reuens , in the wester emes .

Item , when the head lands of Rotum doe lie southeast and by east from you , then are they in one .

Item , when the headlands lye south southeast from you , then they are both in one .

The going into the Iade .

Item , if you wil go into the Iade , when you are past the ●ed sand , beare in southwards , euen as farre as you may , and you shall leaue Menser Church on steereboord side : and if you will sayle to the Wood , then leaue the church on Larboord side .

Wangeroge

Item , you shall knowe Wangeroge by that there stands a little Church vppon it , and the steeple standes at the west end .

Item Sprigeroge is to bee knowne by that it is plain● Sandhilles , and then you shall knowe Langeroge , for that it appeares in two Sandhilles .

Item , you shall knowe Balterom by that the west end is high Sandhilles , and the east ende lowe Sandheaps .

Iust

Item , you shall knowe Iust two waies , there stands a Church ouer it , and the Steeple standes at the east end of the Church , and the mill that was in Iust is blowne down and is cleene gone , so that there standes nothing where the Mill was .

Burkum .

Item , you shall knowe Burkum , by that it riseth in thrée parts , and about the middest of the land standes a church with a flat steeple and standes at the east end of the church ,

Item , you shall vnderstand , that the Easter Emes goeth in betwixt Iust and Burkum .

Item , to know Burkum well , when you shall fall with it comming from by west , it seemeth to looke vpon as it were three Ilands : for betwixt euerie one of the hilles of it which seemes Ilands : is a Ualley or slacke of plaine sand without anye hilles , and on that which seemes the middlemoste Iland , stands a church with a great sharpe steeple , & stands at the west ende of the church .

Item from the northwest corner of Burckum , doth lye a riffe of sand , and lyeth west in the Sea , at least a league and a halfe , and you may sayle alongst by the same into the easter emes , and goe in east by south .

Item , the easter emes lyeth in east southeast , and when you haue Burckum Steeple south of you , then keepe by the shore , in foure Fathams and a halfe , and edge ouer , and fetch sounding of Iuster riffe , and you shall by and by haue deepe water , and then keepe in by him .

Item when you haue brought Iuster steeple Northeast of you , then are you past both the Riffes of Iuster , and then you are within the Easter emes .

Item , there is a newe Channell , that is when yee haue broken in the wester Emes , which lyes a little to the westwards of the old Channel , & is as deepe at a low water , as the old deepe is at a full sea or high water .

Item , when any man will seeke to enter in at the wester-Emes , let him bring the bush south and by east of him , and the west end of Rotum southeast , and bring both the two great Capes in one , and then you shall finde the vttermoste Buy , and that lies in fiue fatham , then goe from the vttermoste Buy to the second Buye , East and by north , and that lies at foure Fatham , then from the second Buy to the third Buy , likewise east and by north & that lies in sixe fath. And then is the longest Cape & the ●●ast Cape vpon the old deep to bee kept both in one , and so you shall haue euer the deeper water . Then from the third Buye to the farthest Buy , goe east southeast , & then edge something ouer towards Burckum riffe , towards the north shore , least yee fall to the eastwardes of Hakenballge , which goeth in by east Rotum . Also , when any man comming from by E. with an east●rly winde , would goe in at the old deepe , let him bring the longest Cape , and the least Cape as they stand in one , against the olde deepe , and runne so in , and there you shall finde the third Buy , and the old gate or entrie at a low water hath but two fathams ½ being an easterly winde .

Item , Bosch is on the west end full of high Sandhilles , and there is no habitation vpon it .

Item ye shall knowe Shirmerkerog by the lowe Sandhilles ▪ and at the West ende of it stands a high round sand-hill , and there standes two Capes vpon it for to sayle into Scholbalch , and you shall bring that East Southeast from you , and then you shall haue both Capes in one , and then runne right towards him till you finde the first Buye . And there lies two Buyes in one gate or entrie , and then when you come to the second Buy , go east northeast , and east and by north , and you may saile by either of these Walles , and when you come at the third Buy , then go south and by west or south southwest , and you shall haue no lesse at a low water then three Fatham . Now when you come out of the sea and fall with Borne riffe , then edge towards the Wall at sixe Fatham , and at fiue fatham and a half . And do euen as heare before written , when you wil sayle into the Scholbalch .

Schirmonckeroghe

Item , to knowe Schirmonkerogh : those are lowe sand-hilles : and at the west end stands a hill which is something higher : as for the Church , you cannot see it till you come hard by the Land : & Schirmonkerogh is two leagues and a halfe in length .

Ameland

Item , vpon Ameland there standes a high great Church with a flat steeple towards the west end of the Iland : and is couered with blew states , and there is a stone house standing by east of the Church : and it seemes to looke vpon , as though it were an olde ruinous farme house : and there lieth thre● high sand hilles aboue the middest of the land , and Ameland is foure leagues in length .

Item , betweene schirmonkerogh and Ameland , goeth in Scholbalch , and hath two gates or entries , one goeth in by Ameland , and the other by Schirmonk●ro●h .

Skelling .

Item , vpon the Skelling are fiue steeples , one standing at the ●ast ●nde is sharpe , and about the middle of the land are three steeples : two flat ones , & the highest of all is sharp , and that which standeth on the west end is a high flat stéeple : and is called S. Brandatius Church : and the Iland is three leagues in length .

Item , a southeast or northwest Moone makes a hie water in Rauster deepe .

huysduinen

oglie

Item , Petten be high ragged sand hilles .

Item , Kettle downe is a white forked sand hill .

Item , the Coast of Holland lies alongst south southwest and somewhat to the westwardes , & north , northeast somewhat to the Northwards .

Item Marsedeepe and the Hosden lie one from the ●ther southwest and by south somewhat westerlye : and Northeast and by north somewhat easterlye : and are distant thrée and fiftie leagues .

Item , an East or west Moone makes hie water in Marsedeepe .

Scrauesand

Item the Mase and the UUellings are distant 3. kennings

Item , the Mase , and the Marsdeep , are distant foure and twentie leagues .

The Mase .

The briel

Item , the Mase lyes vp East Southeast , and somewhat Southerlye .

Item , the East Uorn●olt goeth in by Fwerboden ▪ and then by the Maine land : a West south southwest Moone makes a ful sea : also before the Mase mouth , and within the Mase , a south south west Moone makes a full sea .

Item , before the Flee : you must take heede to the tide , for the fore flood dooth set thwart ouer the shallow grounds to the Eastwardes , and the first of the ebbe sets likewise to the westwards .

The Flee Iland .

Item the Flee is knowne by the high white sand hilles , and there standes a small steeple in the Church .

Item , the Flee and the Riffe , are distant the one from the other 11. gaeat kennings , and Uliland is foure leagues in length ▪

Item , there is an Iland that lieth between the Flee and the Tessell that is called Yereland , and there standes a little house vpon it : see that you take heede to your tides alwaies before the Tessell , for the fore floud , and latter end of the Ebbe sets ouer to the Northwards , and the last of the floud and first of the ebbe sets to the southwards .

Item , Tessell is two leagues ½ in length .

Item , from Marsedeepe to the Sweene is nine kennings

Item , from Marsedeepe to the Ulie , is 8. leagues .

Item , whosoeue● will saile out of Ulie to Shotland , the course is north Northwest , and somewhat weste●lye , and so saile with afore winde , it is three daies and a halfe sayling , and is 152. leagues .

●ussel

Item , for to knowe Holland , Egmont is a flat steeple , & standes vpon the sea side , and within Egmont are two stéeples standing togeather in one Churchyard .

Item , Fairehill and Shotland , lye by North Northwest and south southeast 150. leagues .

Item Shotland and Boffamnes lye North and to the eastwards and south , and to the westwards , and are distant 46. leagues .

Item , Shotland and Orteny , lie southwest and Northeast ●0 . leagues , and when you are about midway betwéen them , you may see them both at once in a cleere day .

Item , Ortenye and Boffamus , lye south southeast and north northwest 26. leagues .

Item , the southwest end of Shotland , and Fayre-hill lye North Northeast and south southwest , two kennings distant .

Item Fayrehill and Farie , lye Northwest and by west , and south east and by east , a great day and night sayling .

Item , Shotland and Barghen lye neere east , and west 60. leagues distant .

Item , Shotland and Farie lye west northwest , and East south east a day and a night sayling .

Item , Shotland and the Osterhooke of Island , lye North West and by West , and southeast and by east , three dayes sayling .

Item , Farie and the Osterhooke of Island , lye northwest and southeast two daies sayling .

Item , from the Osterhooke of Island to the Beare for t , the course is south south west , and North Northeast twentie leagues .

Item , from the Bearefort to the Siden , is 16. Leagues , the course is West southwest , and East Northeast is the course to Mydall , from Siden is all lowe plaine land , and within high .

Item , from Mid●ll to Webnie the course is West , and Webnie lies three mile from the land : and betweene Webnie and Midall is 6. leagues .

Item , from Webnie to Robenes , the course is west , north west : and east southeast , sixteene leagues : Robenes is a little blacke poynt : between UUebnie and Robenes is foure Hauens . And likewise there lies of Robenes west southw . three Ilands : whereof twaine are two leagues and a halfe a peece , and the third is fiue leagues long .

Item , from Robenes to the Snens iockle , the course is northwest and by north , and south east and by south , and are distant sixteene leagues . A●d betweene them are many Hauens , as Dorse Hauen and Busandē , Cabelwick , Morwicke , Walstruse , Strent , Hamfort , Hullin , an and Iland called Widowe halfe a mile from the land , an other also called UUalfort .

Item , from Snens Iockle to the Bederstand , the course is south and north , and are distant sixteene leagues . And by the Iockelles lye three Hauens called Bodem , & then Stapen & the Riffe , & by Bosten Riffe dooth lye three Hauens , Kurmwork , and Grindfort , and an Iland called Sletten .

Item , from the Berderstant to the Schaghen , is 7. leag . & doe lie North and by East , and south and by west , and betweene them lye foure Riuers , and called in that tongue Foordes , The first is Paters fort , and then Telkfort , Admerfort , and in Admerfort are three Hauens .

Item , from the Schaghen to Disefort , is 8. long leagues and they lie one from an other North Northeast , and south southwest : and between them are two Foordes , Orenderfoord , and the Sugheford .

Item , Disefort , and Schalwicke lye Northeast and by North , and southwest and by south , and are distant foure leagues : in D●sefort lye three hauens , schutelfort , and Alfort , and the Iland Edoc .

The fords in Island , that is the riuers or creekes going vp into the Land .

FIrst Swidens fort , Heeft fort , Scort fort , Meise fort , the Disefort , Gruniwick , Nerd fort , the Iocklefort , Rabben fort , Hesterbeche : and in that Hauen lie Whale fish bones .

Item , from Schaelwick to the Haddenstrant , the course is north northeast , & south southwest , and are distant 11 , leagues . Heere lyeth three mountaines and yet is whole land .

Item from the Haddenstrant to the Schagen Fort , is 16 leagues and lie North Northeast , and south southwest : betweene these lye manie Fordes or Creekes going vp into the land . And first the Singrins Foord going into the landwards , Griens ford , and then the Bitter , and the Putiford , the Nide foord , & Wydaell , and Wasedaell , the long Déere .

Item , from Schargenfort to the Widalen , the course is East southeast , and West Southwest , and are distant fiue leagues .

Staghenfort is a Hauen , and is called Lapsand .

Item from the Widalen to the Rauen hooke is twentie Leagues , and lies east● northeast , and west southwest , beetweene these twaine lies three Hauens , the first Sigelfort , and then Dackfort , then Huiswicke . And likewise three Fordes or Riuers , the first Ydlefort , and then Oneselfort , and then Lerefort , all which are Riuers or Creekes going vp into the Land .

Item from the Romehooke to Grinsie , is eight leagues , and lies east and west .

Item , Grinsie is an Iland , and lyeth from Huiswicke , 8. leagues south southeast , and north northwest .

Item Grinsie and Denfort lye south southwest southerlye , northeast northerlye .

Item , Grinsie and Sighelfort lye southwest southerlye , and northeast northerlye . And vnder Grinsie you may anker for a northeast winde in 17 fatham .

Item , from the Roemhooke to the Langnesse , the course is East southeast , and west northwest , and are distant sixtéene Leagues : betweene these twaine lies a sound and a Riuer , the sound is called Rooder sound , and the riuer is called Sescelfoert and lyes at the westwards of the Langnesse : and Ynwicke and Roodhauen lyes eight leagues from Langnesse , and they lie in a manner east and west .

Item from Langnesse to Osterhooke , the course is south southeast , and North Northwest : and are distant foure and twentie leagues , and betweene them lieth a Hauen called Worneforte , and to the Eastwards of the Langnesse there lies a great mountaine .

The going in at Vergate .

Item , if yee will goe in at Uergate , bring the steeple of Middelbrough & E. Capplen in one , or to the southeast southerly and run directly so till you finde Shald water at thrée Fatham , and goe yee so foorth ouer the Shald : then against Meiland , you shall come into nine or tenne Fatham , then keepe on so vntill ye come where the Mermaide is set vp at Teruere , and till you haue brought those towers or steeples which are called Ualentines towers in one : then shall you be ouer against the easter Towers , and keepe those towers of Teruerre in one , and so runne euen hard to by them : and alwaies account of your tides : for a south or north Moon there makes a full Sea . Now to knowe Warkeren by the land , West Capplen is a grosse or a flat Steeple , and to the Eastwardes of West Capplen ▪ standeth East Caplen , and that is a sharpe Steeple , and to the North and by East of East Capplen standes Dombrough , and is likewise a sharp Steeple ,

This is couke●ick within the sondhills

The Order to be obserued in comming out at the Wellings .

ITem to come out of the wellings , you must leaue one third part of the way on the Larboordside , so long as you haue the church by north the steeple of the abbey of Middleborough , or to your sight , vntill they be within halfe a fath. one of another , then you shall haue Eastmunster , as far from the Steeple of the abbey as that Coude Kerk stand by N. it , and when the steeple of the abbey standes so in the middest of those two Churches , then you shall haue to the Northwardes of Coude Kerke another steeple , which is called Westmunster : and that standes to fight more then a ships length to the northwards of Coude Kerke , and when as the Steeple of the Abbey is brought in the middest betwixt both the two before named Churches : then you must runne directlye with them , keeping the steeple so vntil you haue brought Ardēbrough a great ships length without Heisant , and then you must keep Flanders side , for feare of the Pooles of the Willing , & that you may be sure of the other markes . Then you shal see Weindwine with a plaine , and the valley by it that seemes to bee two ships length , and then you shal see the small steeples which are called Weindwine , open against the middle of the valley , and then the corner of the Steeple is the marke of the deapth of the water for the nearer to the Poles , the déeper water like as is the Heilegen before written : and when you see the Heilegen as it were two ships length a sunder : there you may bring saint Lamberth by North the sandhilles . Or when you are cleere past them , you may keep them halfe a fatham a sunder in sight , & hale so outwards a good while : and to come in at the Wellings from without , then keepe saint Lamberth as is aforesaid , till you haue brought the Heilegen in one , then you must bring Saint Lamberth three or foure fatham open to the Northwards , and after gouerne your selfe by the marks of the stéeples of the abbey , as is before written . And if it be such weather that you can not see the steeples of the Abbey , then beare in Northeast vpon a flood , vntill you haue brought Arenburch and saint Lamberth in one , and then hale in directly east northeast .

Item , before Wellings : a southw . or a northeast Moone makes a full sea , and at Walkherne , a south and a North Moone .

The going in at the Wellings .

Item , first you shall vnderstand that the Steeple of saint Katherins is a sharpe steeple , and is the Steeple that stands on the west side on the Sea Coast next to the Sluce . And from Saint Katherins vp within the Land standes another sharpe Stéeple , and that is Knocke. And to the westward from Saint Katherins by the sea side standes Heyes and hath a sharpe Steeple , and is something greater then Saint Katherins , and after that by the Sea side stands Lisweighen , whose Church hath a great flat Steeple . And from Lisweighen vp into the land wards stands an abbey , which is called Terdoes , and that is a Church with a little sharpe Steeple in the middle . And from Lisweighen Westwards , standes Blankenburch vppon the Sea side , and that is a Church with a flat steeple , but it is much lesse then the steeple at Lisweighen , & betweene Lisweighen & Blankenburch vp into the landwards stands Wot Kerke , and that hath a sharpe steeple , and standes nigh vnto Blankenburch , then by Lisweighen to the Westward of Blanckenburch , there standes Weindwine , & that is a sharpe steeple .

Item , when the steeple of Lisweighen , and that of the Abbey of Terdoes are brought in one , then are you right against the vtter sand that lyes thwart of Mailand , and then are you within the English Pole , and if you haue sixe Fatham of Mailland side , then lies the Pole on the Larboord side of you , then keep ouer Mailland in sixe or seauen Fatham , but no deeper , and runne in so long , till you haue brought the Steeple and saint Katherins , and the steeple of Knocke in one , those are called the Heileghen , and then are you cleane past the English Pole , & then bea●e inwards so long , till Saint Katherins Steeple comes in one with a high blacke hill , and then you are against the French Pole .

And when the Steeple is hidden with the land that lies by North of the Sluis : then are you past the French Pole .

The markes and order to be kept when yee will saile in at Botkill .

ITem when as you will saile in at the Botkill , hauing recouered the shore , you shall bring the Steeple of Middleborough southeast of you or thereabouts . And goe so in till you haue west Capplen east southeast from you , and then you shall see the Church of west Capplen come in a glaid of the sandbankes , then keepe the Church so of you , so long till Saint Actens comes past east Capplen , and then are you past the Shalds . Then runne inwards towards the shore to Flushing .

How you shall saile in at the Doerloe .

ITem , when you pretend by Gods grace to saile in at the Doerloe , bring the high steeple of Middelborough to the northwards of the flat Steeple , and also a little from thence the two south towers almost together , the innermoste as it were within the length of a Capstein barre from the vttermoste , and run so into Flushing east and by south , or thereabouts is the course . And the Southberghen are two sharp stéeples standing betwixt Middleborough and Flushing .

Item , East Capplen is a sharpe steeple : west Capplen and Saint Actens are likewise sharpe steeples , That standes from it to the Eastwardes , and is much higher then East Capplen .

Selland .

ITem , the land on Selland side lies alongst southwest and northeast , and a south southwest Moon makes a ful Sea .

The Clocken deepe by Flanders side .

ITem , when as you will goe in at the Clocken deepe , you must bring west Capplen in one with Saint Katherins church by Clocken , and so goe you in at the best deepe , and ●aint Katherins steeple is the next steeple to the Sluis by the water side , and those other steeples standes vp into the landwards , and after that Heys , and then Blancken-Church that hath a flat steeple : after that , there stand thrée steeples to the westwards .

The Coast of Flaunders .

ITem , on Flaunders side , the Coast lyeth alongst East Northeast , and West southwest , and a south or north Moone makes a ful sea at the shore . And without the sholds a southwest or northeast Moone : and alongst all the coast of Flaunders in the vttermoste Channell , it is not in an● place aboue foure and twentie fatham deepe .

The Swine .

ITem , if you wil goe in at the Swine to come in , the wind being contrarie : then take the latter end of the floud , and the first of the ebbe . And when you will saile in at Heyes deepe , you must bring the foure Beacons of Heyes which standes by the Mill in one , ouer Core at Heyes : and then shall you goe in at the best deepe , and so you shall goe farre enough from the vtter sand : and so you may beare on to the Weelings east northeast . And you shall vnderstand , that Anchewisen , Buisen and the Swine , doe keepe all one iust time of flowing and ebbing .

Item when as Donkerke lies due south southeast from you , and that you can then but see it vpon the hatches , then is there a flat of two fatham deepe at a lowe water .

¶ The order and course of the streames and tides alongst the Coastes of Flaunders , Normandy , and of Brittaine to the Seames .

ITem , first you shal vnderstand , that alongst all the coast of Flanders & of Sealand , the floud runneth to the eastwards , & the last quarter of the floud , the streames sets to the seawards , & the last quarter of the ebbe to the landwards . There are sand banckes about which , as well at sometimes of the floud , as at sometimes of the ebbe , there goeth no streame at all .

If you come to an anker by east of the Nese in ten Fatham you shall bee well defended for a west southwest winde .

Item thwart of the head , the floud sets in Northeast and by north , and the ebbe sets out southwest and by south .

Whosoeuer wil come to an ancker at lands end of England by Douer , let him cast ancker and ride at fiue or 6 fatham , and he shall ride well for a south winde .

He that will come to Ancker by the Gulles , let him ride at fiue fa●ham , and saint Margets Church shal beare south sou●heast to him .

And whosoeuer will come to ancker within saint Margets , let him ride at sixe , seauen or ●ight fatham .

Note , that from Ostend to Saint Katherins : the Floud sets east northeast and the ebbe west southwest .

Betweene Grauelin and Dunkerke : the floud runnes Northeast and by North , and the ebbe sets southwest and by south .

From Woltersland to Graueling : the ●loud sets North northeast : and the ebbe west southwest .

From the Nesse to Woltersland : the floud sets North and by east land the ebbe sets south and by west .

From Bullen to Blacknesse , the floud sets to the northwa●ds , and the ebbe to the southwards .

From Staples , to Bullen , the floud sets north northeast and the ebbe southwest .

From Cane to Staples the floud sets northeast and by north , and the ebbe southwest and by south .

From Deepe to Cane , the floud runnes northeast and by north : and the ebbe southwest and by south .

From Fecam to Deepe in the faire way , the floud sets Northeast and by east , and the ebbe southwest and by west .

From Bereflecte to Fecam , foure or fiue myles of the land in the faire way , the floud runnes eas● northeast , and the ebbe sets west south west .

From Berefleete to Sainehead : the floud runneth ea●● south east : and the ●bbe west northwest in the faire way : and you may not come any nearer then 12. fatham .

Item from Berefleete into the Bay of Hags : the floud sets southeast and the ebbe west Northwest .

Item , from the Cape of the Hagge , to the Iland called Alderny : the floud sets northeast , and the ebbe southwest : and in the race of Blanchey it is so likewise .

Item , from the Caskets to Berefleete , the floud sets to the eastwardes , and the ebbe westward .

And betweene Britany Bay and the Caskets , the floud sets northeast and by north , and the ebbe southwest and by south .

Item from Garnesay to the Caskets , the first quarter floud runneth East southeast , and then after northeast and the ebbe south west .

It●m at 〈◊〉 well within as without , the flou● runneth ●ast south wes● and the ebbe west northwest .

Item fr●m th● 〈◊〉 ufe to A●●●wracke alongst the shore , the floud sets east and by south , and the ebbe West and by no●th .

Item from the Fourne to Saint Powles de Lyons , or the I le of Bas● th● floud runnes east and by north , and the ebbe west and by south .

Item , from Saint Mathewes to the Fourne , the floud runes north and by east , and the ebbe south and by east .

Item from the race of Fontenie to saint Mathewes , the floud sets North and by East , and the ebbe South and by west .

Item nigh vnto Ushant North northeast of is a place which is two and fiftie fatham deepe : and no ship can ●ide there , for the tide goeth round about as a which pool● .

Item from the Sean●es in the broade s●nd ●etweene that and Ushant , the ●●oud runneth east northeast , and the ebbe west southwest .

Item , from Woltersland to Graueling , the coast alongst lyes northeast and by east .

Item , Woltersland lies off of the before wr●tten Rockes northeast , and a little to the Eastwardes , and are distant 29. leagues .

Item , thrée Rocks which lie without the Cape of Cause , lye north northeast from Swine head , and are distant fiue leagues .

Item , Sainhead lyes from Berefleete east and by south and is distant 21. leagues .

Item , Berefleete lyes from the Caskets : east & by south , and are distant 16 leaques .

Item , the Caskets lies from the Fourn● northeast , and a little to the Eastwards , and are distant three and fortie leagues .

Item , the Caskets lyes from Saint Powle de Lyons northeast , and are distant 33. leagues .

Item , Garnsay lies from Saint Powles Northeast , and a little to the eastwards and are distan●●5 leagues .

Item , set Iles lyes from saint Powles east northeast , and are distant 12. leagues .

Item Saint Powles lyes from Ushant East & by north , and are distant 26. leagues .

Item , the race of Fontenie and the wester Penmarke , northwest and southeast and are distant 9. leagues .

Item the course from Bellille to Penmark is west north west , and so you shall goe cleare without the Pens , and it is from the wester Penmarke , to the southeast end of Bellille 24. leagues .

Item Bellille lies from Use northwest , and it is from the northwest ende of Use , to the southeast end of Bellille 16. leagues .

Item the course from the tayle of Aise to Use , is West northwest , and it is from the tayle of Aise to the northwest end of Use 13. leagues .

Item , whosoeuer will anker by the Caskets or Hagge : let him go with the land , within three or foure cable length o● the shore , for feare of the banke which lies out from the land in foure or fiue fatham , till you come at the Caskets , and then when ye● come before the Uillage , then let fall your anker at fiue or sixe fatham : and the barke doe lie from Seine head southwest .

Item if you will anker before Deepe , bring the Church and the gibbet in one , and then let your anker fall at 10. fatham at a full Sea , and at a lowe water at 7. fatham .

Item , if you will anker in the Fossis by Fecam : you shall bring the m●l and the fire Beacon in one , and keeping them foe g●e 〈◊〉 west to the single , and Anker betweene the head of the Hordrelles and Reihem . And a ship that draws a fatham an● 〈◊〉 water , m●st haue half floud or better : and you● 〈…〉 the Fo●fis , for there you haue ●ut a fatham and a halfe at a low water .

Item , who●oeuer will anker vnder the Nesse : hee must let fal his anker before Coudey at tenne or twelue fatham , and if you goe in any sarthar , you shall haue foule ground .

the kaskets

Now you must note when as you haue the west end of the Caskets south from you , being foure Leagues or there about● off there you shall haue it eight and thirtie or nine and thirtie fatham deepe , reddish and s●elly ground , & likewise many white stones : and there betweene Caskets and Portland , you shall haue 40 fatham deepe .

Item , he that will goe to Garnsay , must saile so the cape of Rokeine that is the westermost parte o● the Iland , and let him saile to the southwardes of that Cape three or foure Cable length . And then he shall go in alongst that souther side vntill ye see the Castle , and when ye haue the Castle thwart of you , then anker at fiue or sixe fatham .

Item , he that will anker before Sherbrocke , let him cast anker before the Castle at sixe fatham , and he shall haue good road for a west northwest winde .

It●m , without the west end of the foreland of Berefléet , lye rockes which are drye at a lowe water , and lye a leagu● from the shore , right before the great sandy Bay .

Item , he that wil anker before the Hooke , let him kéep off a good way from the Headland , and then ye shall sée two Churches westwards off from him , the one vpon the high land , and the other Church belowe . And when you hau● brought those two Churches in one , then come to an anker at a lowe water at sixe fatham , and at a full sea , at nine or tenne fatham .

Item , S. Powles and Ushant , are dist●●t 13. league● , and lye the one from the other West southwest , and East northeast .

S. paulus

Item , he that will sayle to the I le of Base before Saint Poule de Lions , ye shall sée to the southwards a great rocke and you may hale in fast by the rocke : and when ye are right against the rocke , you may come to anker at thrée fatham at a lowe water , and at a full sea at seuen or eight fatham . And from the East corner of the Iland , there lyes a great rocke , which at halfe floud is vnder water .

Item , whosoeuer will sayle into Aberwracke , he must leaue the great rocke to the eastward of him , and runne in South southeast , and when you come in by an Iland , and the rocke is to seawards of you , then you shall kéep alongst by the shore of the East side . And when you haue sayled a while , then you shall sée a rocke that lyeth vnder water , and the sea breakes on it continually , and lyes in the midst of the entrye : and you may sayle on which side you will of it . And when you are a good way past the Rocke , then you may anker at foure or fiue fatham .

Item , north northwest from Aberwracke a league into the sea lyes a bancke , which hath but sixe fatham on it at a lowe water .

Item when you lie off & about the Mollens , then must you bring the Abbay of S. Mathewes , a little without the corner of Conket , but you may not bring it farre without .

Item , when you haue Hieman hill in the northwest end of the foresaid little Iland , then are you right against the souther Mollen , then keepe alongst the east shore , till you come to Blanckhauen .

Item the Mollens are sixe little Ilands , which lye in a manner southeast from Ushant .

Item hee that will sayle from Blancke hauen Northwards , let him r●nne North Northwest : and let him take heede of the North corner of the Blanck hauen , for feare of a great Rocke that lies before it , and then northwest and by west of it lyes a rock vnder water , which lies not aboue three fatham and a halfe deepe at a low water , and is a verie sharpe rocke .

Item , whosoeuer will come to anker in Blancke-hauen , let him let fall his ●nker against the middlemoste Bay , at fifteene or sixteene fatham .

Item a little by south of Conket , it is not aboue foure fatham and a ●●lfe , deepe at a lowe water in a spring tide .

Item whosoeuer will sayle by west the Uintner , he must keepe the corner of Blanke hauen ouer the Blanken Mongie . And sayling so , you shall finde foure fatham deepe at a lowe water and a spring tide . And when as you cannot sée Conket from the North part : then are you by North the Uintner . And if you can see in at the hauen of Conket , then are you by south the Uintner .

Item hee that will anker before S. Mathewes corner in the best road : let him cast anker at sixteene or seauentéen fatham , and looke that the said corner lye northwest and by by north from you .

●tem , Saint Mathewes point and the race of Fontenie , lie the one from an other north and by west and south and by east and are distant 5. leagues .

I●em , the corne● of Saint Ma●hewes and the point of Cro●don lye the one from the other east south east and west northwest , and are distant 3 leagues .

Item , the Collier lies of Saint Mathewes po●nt south sou●heast , and something to the Eastwards two leagues .

Item , the Hen with her Ch●ckens lyes by the West corner of Croidon , or Clers downe , and are couered at a high water .

Item , the Rock called the Nome i● 〈◊〉 the mouth or entry of Brest , & to the Southward of tha● about a quarter of a leagu● lies a Rocke which is not 〈◊〉 us at a s●ring ●ide .

Item the Falconers lie without Cr●●●on ● little to the southward and it is a great high rocke : and ●ou may sayle within it if ye goe from Croidon to the r●ce of Fo●tenie .

Item west southwest from the Collier h●● to a league off , lies a rocke no deeper then so , 〈…〉 a 〈◊〉 .

Item , when you are forced to lye off and 〈◊〉 , nigh about the Collier and the weathe● i● such 〈◊〉 ●●●horite the Collier then keepe the corne● of the 〈◊〉 without the corner which lies from the northwe●●●nd of Sa●nt Mathews Abbey : and then you cannot ( in so doing 〈…〉 ) .

Item , the thwart m●●nes of 〈…〉 the Borborow and when you haue 〈…〉 in one , then are you against the O●●h●rland and when you can see the Colliers breake aboue the water , then you man if you will saile hard by it .

Vsshiant

Item when you are of Ushiant , North and by West , so farre as you can well see the same from the Decke , then dooth the East corner appeare the highest part of the Iland , & the corner is to the eastwards verie steepe downe , and then the land is plaine almost to the west point , and the west point something steeping .

Item , when you are northwest and by North of Ushant then may you see through the point which is to the southwards of the maine Iland , and when you are off o● Ushant Northwest and by West , then is that point shut in on the shore .

Vsshiant

Item , wh●● Ushant beares north Northwest from you , then doth it app●●r● like as it is heere aboue demonstrated .

Item , when you are off o● Ushant northwest and by west , or west Northwest , then lies there a great Rocke of the northeast pointe , but you cannot well see through betwixt the Roc●e and Ushant from thence . And alongst the northwest for of Ushant , it is all full of great flat Rockes , and lye all vnder wate● : and by the West end a little from the shore , ●●en a sm●l rocke as it were two little hillockes .

Item when ●ou are West and by North f●om Ushant , then their 〈…〉 a●other rocke to appeare o●t at the north ●nd but you cannot 〈◊〉 see through betwixt the rock and Ushan● .

Item , when you are one West of Ushant , then may you see two g●eat rockes lying without the northwest co●ner of it : and you may also see through betwixt the corner and the ro●k 〈◊〉 & ●he lands seemes then to be all plaine aloft , seeming eue● 〈◊〉 place almost like high .

Item , when you are south and by west from Ushant , so far off as you may well see it f●om the Hatches a● Hull of the shippe , if ye then looke out of the top , you shall see the West northwest end all ragged with many rockes , and at the east southeast end lyes a round rocke , and you may easily see betwixt the Rocke & Ushant . And then a little from that east southeast of you , you may see the Mollens which doe lye in two little Ilands , and there lyes yet other three Ilands towards the maine , but those you cannot see from hence , and they lie euerie one a good way off from an other and there lyes many great Rockes about that Iland that lyeth next to Ushant and is full of Hillocks .

the mill

the abbe

Item , a Bowe shoote from the point of Konket , lies the Uintner , and at a lowe water you may see it , it is a little flat round Rocke , and you may saile round about it .

Item , the course from the Fourne to Blanchie hauen , is East , and from the Fourne to Blanchsablen Bay , South southeast .

Item , when you will sayle from Saint Mathews point into Brest or Croidon , keep the southermoste Iland of the Mollens open to the Southwards of Blanck Mongie , and goe East Southeast in with Brest , and so you can take no hurt on the north side , for it is broade enough .

Item the Mollins are sixe little Ilands , and the highest of them is that next to Ushant .

Item , on the shore at Fontnes head , a Southwest and a northeast Moone makes a full Sea .

The Keyser .

The Lauender .

The Se●mes .

Item , the Seames lye off into the sea , 3. leagues west northwest .

Item , when you will anker in the race of Fonteny , you must anker at fourtéene , or at fiftéene fatham .

Item , when any man will passe the race of Fonteny , let him set his prowe to the North northeast , and let him take good héed of the Lauender , for the floud sets directly towards it , and there is a sonken rocke hard by . Also , hard by the Keiser there lyes a flat rocke , in the race on the easter side .

Item , if you come out of the sea with Saint Mathews poynt through the broad sound , you shall sée a high land vp in the land eastwards , with thrée hils as it were thrée heads , and the northermost is the highest , and halfe a league to the southwards , there lyes an other high hill , and is the highest aboue the high land .

The shee●

Item , when the Shéet beareth north from you or thereabouts , so as you may sée it out of the top , then it riseth a● héere aboue is shewed : and the ground is smal white sand , and many small Mazes in it : and it is there seauen & fifty , eight and fifty , and nine and fifty fatham déep , and you cannot from thence sée the Seames out of the top .

Groy

Item , when you are thrée leagues from Groy , or thereabouts , then it sheweth thus as is set foorth : and Groy and Bellille riseth almost of one fashion , and lye the one from the other North northwest , and South southeast , and are distant seauen leagues : and vnder Groy is likewise verye good riding .

Groy

Item when Groy lies east north●ast fr●m you , then it sheweth as is heere aboue described .

Groy

Item when Groy lies north and by w●st from you , then it sheweth as is aboue figured .

groy

Item when Groy lyes Northeast from you , then dooth it shew as is aboue portraied .

belille

Item when Bellille beareth north northeast from you , then it sheweth like as is aboue portraied .

Item the point of Saint Gindast and Glanons at the entring of Penodet lye the one from the other southeast and northwest , and are distan● foure leagu●s . And forts eschew the danger of the Sholdes in this Channell , let these markes following be well remembred , and you cannot doe amisse .

There is lying betweene Glanons and the I le of Moton a ledge of Rockes , and to goe cleere of them , you must leaue one third part of the way towards the Glanons , and the other two partes towards the I le of Moton and so you may saile without feare .

Item , when any man will sayle into Penodet , hee must borough hard by the maine land , and the point of Glanons shall beare Southeast of him : then let him goe Northwest till he come before the hauen , and there he may anker at foure fatham .

Item , whosoeuer wil saile out of Cantper to goe through betwéene the I le of Moton and the Ledge , he must saile hard by Moton , so nie as a man may throwe a pound stone a shore , and then goe southwest and by south , and when you are come out with Glanons , then you may saile boldelye without danger to Penmarke : they lie the one from the other east southeast , and west northwest , and are distant 9. leagues .

Belille

Item when you are West of Bellille , from the Northwest parte of it foure Leagues from the land , then dooth it shew thus as i● heere portraied .

Item , from Bellille to Use , the course is southeast and northwest and are distant 16. leagues .

Item , when you will anker at the east end of Bellille , bring your selfe a little to the west wards of the Mill : and ancker in ten fatham , and ye shall ride wel for a northwest winde and for a southwest and by west winde , and there is indifferent good ground , great red grauell : and when you will ride on the Northeast side in Poldye Bay , anker at 11. or 12. Fath. & then wil the east point couer you for a southeast winde . And for a west Northwest winde , set ouer againe towards the sharpe steeple , & seeke no better deapth then twelue or thirteene Fatham and hee that will , may ride in eight , ten or twelue fathams .

Item , he that will saile from the inner parte of Bellille to Glanons , he must goe Northwest and by west , till hée come against the the ●oint o● Glanons , which is called saint Ginvast , because of Sholds that lye there betweene Glanons and Groy .

Vse

Item when Use beareth southwest and by south from you , about halfe a league off , then doth it rise thus as aboue is shewed ,

Item , Use is a league and a halfe in length .

Vse

Item , when Use dooth beare north northeast from you : then it shewes thus as is aboue figured .

Item , he that will ancker vnder Use , he must let fall his ancker at seauen , eight or nine Fatham , for it is no deeper there , and you may not ride there at lesse then seauen Fatham , in the northeast side is the best Roade of Use but beware of a Rocke that lieth at the easter end as you come by it , for it is verie dangerous .

Item , the course from Use to the tayle of Aise , is East southeast and are distant 14. leagues .

Item , whosoeuer will saile from Use to Piller , let him not come any nearer the maine land of Larmester , then 12 fatham .

Item Piller and Use lye the one , from the other North and by west , and south and by east , and are distant a great kenning , and in that course lie many sholds .

He that will saile from Piller towards the Baye , let him beware of the Monkins ledge , and let him goe east north east , for the Castle of Larmester standes on the east side of the Abbey . And when you haue brought those two markes in one , then you must ●et thwart ouer to Pietermein . And from P●etermein you may verie well goe east Southeast , till you haue brought the Ca●●le of Larmester and a t●ee in one then you may anker at 6. or 7. fatham , where you list , it is soft g●ound

Item , he that goeth without Bellille bound for the Bay , hee must goe east southeast with Piller , and it is distant from Bellille fourteene leagues . And then from Piller to the Monkens , the course is east northeast : and are a league a sunder , and from the Monkens to Piet●rmein , the course is due east , a small league of .

The markes to goe into the Bay .

ITem , when you saile into the Bay , you shall see a little church standing vpon the high land , you must keepe that Church in one with the land of the Collets , and so you shal goe in at the best of the Bay . And when you haue the hauen of Premdie open , then you are directly thwart of the ledge : when you are past that , then you may keepe alongst by the shore of Collet in foure fatham , and in the Bay , a northeast and by east Moone makes a full sea .

Hee that commeth to ride vnder B●llille before Saint Powles , may ride at 13. or 14 fatham , and if he will ancker before Pogemeison , hee must ride at 21. or 22. fatham .

And he that wil saile in at the south Pe●trees , let him goe alongst by the south shore in 8. or 9. fatham , and when ●e is come as farre as saint Ma●is , then shall hee keepe the fower of Rochell right ouer the Wood which lyes to the southwardes of the other poin● of Rochell , and when the corner of the Wood beareth northeast of you , then he may set his course southwards or ●●rthwards without da●ger .

Item , hee that will saile by in the north Pertrees , let him edge from the north side , for that is the sholdest , and the south shore is something deeper . And w●en you are against the Blockhouse then shall you haue 8.9 . or 10. fatham of the taile of Ayse , they lie southeast and northwest , then kéep neare to the north shore , till you are thwart of the Wood , and the south sho●e from the Monastarie is fl●t ▪ and w●en it is halfe floud you may goe ouer with a ship th●t d●awes twelue foote water .

Item , he that will ride thwart of the Wood , must let fal his anker at 7. or 8. fatham , and there is soft ground .

Item , the tayle of Aise lyeth east southeast and west northwest .

Item , the south Pertries lyes from Rochell : from the roade of Charle de Bloys , west southwest into the sea .

Item , you must haue the tide to sayle from Rochell to the roade of saint Georges Iland : and then foorth to ●orage , and your course from the roade of Rochell to saint Georges Iland , is south southeast , something more southerly , & they are distant two leagues . ½

. S. martins yland

Item , when saint Martins Iland lyes northeast and by north from you : it seemes to you as it is heere aboue portraied : and the land lies east southeast , and west northwest and it is of length foure leagues .

Item , when you come in by the south Petris , then take good heede to the south shore of Oleron . for there lies out a great ledge of Rockes that breakes alwaies : and it lies not far of from the Iland of Oleron : they are called the Dogs , and you may boldly beare alongst by saint Martins Iland in 6.7 . or 8. fatham .

Item the Lauerden lyes a great league from the point of the Bosse , and in a spring tide at ● lowe water it is drie and vncouered . And you may verie well saile through betweene saint Martins Iland , and the Lauerdin : for it is deepe enough , and then when you see the great tower at Rochell cleane without the Bosse : then are you cleare of the Lauerdin : & in the Bosse there is at a low water 5 fat .

Item a southwest or a Northeast Moone makes a full Sea there .

Item , when the white flat tower in Rochell ( which is called Duke Charles tower ) commeth to the southwardes of the point of the burned Iland . then are you right against Bangert , and then you may boldely saile into the Iland of Oleron .

The groundes and deapths of Brittaine .

ALso , hee that is south southwest from the pole head of Burdiaux & in seauen & twenty fath. hee shall see sandhills to the southwards . And he that wil saile from the pole head of Burdiaux to Rochell , & will come in at the so . Peretrées , let him not run any neerer the Land , then thirteene or foureteene fatham .

Item , at the ent●ng of the Peretrées , you shall haue 13. or 14. fatham come no neerer the shore then that deapth .

Item , when you are west northwest from the south Peretrees , and about 5. great leagues from the shore : you shall haue foure and twentie fatham , and grosse red stony sand .

Item , if you be Southwest from the pole head of Burdiaux : and haue 〈◊〉 and three fatham , and will goe with the Pole head , th●n goe Northeast , and you shall not saile long , but you shall haue sixtie three , and sixtie fatham . And thereby you shall perceiue you be in the right course to the polewards . And if you haue fiue and twentie fatham : then you shall see the tower of Cordon : that lieth east & by south of the polehead , and the same tower lieth East southeast of the wester Swach .

He that is betwixt Bellille and Use in 74. Fatham , shall be from the land of Poitow about twentie & thrée leagues : and if then he saile towards the land thirteene leagues , hée shall finde but 42 fatham .

He that is from saint Ellens southwest , & hath three and thirtie fatham : hee is about nine leagues , from the shore and when he comes to seauen and twentie fatham , he shall see the land if it be cleare weather .

Item , to the westwards of Oleron : when you are two kennings from the land : you shall haue 50. fatham , And west northwest in the Sea from Olleron , about eighteene leag . lyes a ledge of Rocks which is called the Toper , and is not aboue three fatham vpon it at a lowe water .

Hoe that commeth from Rochell outwards by the North Peretrees , let him keepe in 15. fatham , and he shal not néed to feare the Barges of Olleron , for hard by the Barges you shall haue twelue Fatham . And hee that keepes this course alongst West Northwest , hee shall finde without Use thirtye Fatham . And betweene Use and Bellille in the faire way , or Northwest course , hee shall finde thirty fatham , and in the inner channel fiue and twentie fatham .

Item , without Use , being within sight of the Steeple of the Church , you shall haue eight and fortie fatham : and 2. kennings from Use , you shall haue fortie ●●tham .

Item , he that is southwest from Belille , and hath seauentie two fatham he is sixteene leagues from the Iland . And if he be southwest from the west end of Bellille , and haue seauentie fatham , he is then twel●● le●gu●● from the land , and if hee bee against the middle o● the Iland in sixtie thrée fatham , he may see the Iland out of the shrouds .

Item being southwest from the west point of Bellille : and as far off as you may in a cleare weather sée land vpon the Hatches , you shall haue about sixtie Fatham , and the ground is like Mustard seed● br●s●● in ● morter .

You shall haue the deapth without thwart of Bellille , about fiue and fortie Fatham : come no neerer the land by night .

From Bellille to the Seames , come no nearer the Land by night then fiftie fatham .

He that sets foorth from Bellille , and goeth west and by North , and keepes on till he come thwart of the Glanons , shall finde fiftie or sixtie fatham , and there lie Rockes without Glanons in the faire way , and on both sides of them is about fortie fatham .

Hee that is without Penmarke in fortie fiue Fatham , sayling from thence northwest , he shal double the Seames , and within the Seames he shal finde fiue and fifty fatham come no nearer by night for feare of the Bridge , for that Rocke lies a great way in the Sea west southwest off .

From the Seames , two leagues and more into the Sea lies a great ledge of Rockes , and between the Seames and Ledge is 50. Fatham , and there is vpon one part of the Ledge but 7 Fatham deepe , & 12. Fatham in some places .

Item , three leagues to the southwards from the race of Fontenie , you shal finde 64. fath. & the ground is something soft .

Item , betwixt the Seames , and Ushant is 56. Fatham & hard by Ushant you shall haue 45. fatham . And also far in the sea you shall likewise haue the same deapth , and therefore it is perilous to trust to the deapth there .

Item , seauen leagues without Ushant , at the entring into the Sleue , you shall finde 70. fatham , and betweene Ushant and Aberwracke , in the faire way is 40. fatham .

Item , in the course betweene Ushant and Sillie , which lye southeast and northwest , you shal finde 70. fatham .

The Colour of the ground in sundry soundings .

IN primis , he that soundes thwart of Glanons , shal finde small blacke sand .

And he that soundes against Penmarke , shall finde soft grauell like waxe .

He that soundes against Fontenie head , shall haue redde sand mingled with blacke .

He that soundes beeween Ushant and the Seames , shal finde great redde sand , and some small red stones , and some blacke mingled withall .

And he that soundes being thwart of Ushant , shal finde small white sand mingled with white shelles , and certaine thinges like white Hackes teeth , and then he hath Ushant northeast from him . And if he finde all alongst smal things like needles , then Ushant beareth from him southeast .

And if he cannot well iudge by the groundes , let him then beare to the northwards : and if he finde deeper water then he is in the sholding of the Seames , & open the broad sound .

And if he be betweene Ushant and the Seames in 70. Fatham : then you shall haue the ground small blacke stones with blacke sand . And if he finde the sounding to bée great red sand , then hee must stand to the northwards till he finde white sandy ground : with long small things like Hackes téeth , and then he shall knowe thereby that he is in the entring of the Sieue .

He that sets out from Siserge : must goe north northeast to goe without Ushant : and when you haue 10. fatham then he is 19. or 20. leagues from Ushant : and sayling on forwards , he shall haue 70. fatham , and then hee is a 11. or 12. leagues from Ushant : and if hee sound and finde small whole shels , and little stones like waxe , then hee is thwart the Seames . And finding this ground , let him stand northwards , and if it bee on a floud , let him take héede of Ushant .

Item , if you bee betweene Ushant , and the Iel of Basse , in 60. fatham , you shall finde in the sounding small stones as big as beanes , and thereby you may know that you are on Brittaine side .

Item , if you be about the lands end of England , or about the Lesart in 70. fath. then you are from the land 17. or 18. leagues , and you shall finde in your sounding small blacke stones , mingled in great red sand .

And if you be in the same course at 60. fath. then are you 12. or 13. leagues from the shore , & there your ground shall be great red sand and vnder it long small white things .

Item , if you finde the like deapth towardes the coast of Corenwa●l , you shal not see the land so soone as you think , for you shall haue that deapth indure a long time .

Item by the Lyzard it is shore deepe 25. or 30. fatham & the land hard by .

Item southwest of Sillie , the ground is full of all sortes of little stones like the parings of Chéese , and white small shelles mingled withall .

Item , to the southwards of Sillie , the ground is grosse sand .

Item , to the southwest of Sillie , the ground is red stones and fine white sand .

Item 16. 〈…〉 s●●th of Sillie , there is the ground likewise small 〈…〉 and white sand .

Item . in 37. and 65. fatham , the ground is shelles and whitish stones with sand .

Item , if you h●ue small blacke stones something long and mingle● wi●●●l●cke grosse sand , that sheweth the entring of the Sleu● .

Soundings alongst the Coast of Brittaine .

ITem if you bee on the Coast of Lyons between Ushant and Saint 〈…〉 sixtie Fatham , you are then within two leagues of the land , and take heede you come no neerer by 〈…〉 Fatham , for you shall see base Brittaine and the R●cke al a right .

Item within a league of Aberwracke , you shall haue 50. fatham and three leag . from the shore is there 56. fatham .

Item if you 〈◊〉 thwart of Set Iles Northeast of tenne leagues , you shall 〈◊〉 52. Fatham .

Item , if you saile southwest from the Caskets 13. or 14 leagues past Garnesay , and from thence to Set Iles in the Drech course , is 35 and 40. fatham .

Item , if on the day you lye off and on betweene Aberwrack and the Fourne , come no neerer the Rockes then 35 or 40. fatham , and take good heed in the night .

Item , if you lye off and on in the day time betweene the I le of Base & Lanterger , you may come within 25. fatham of the maine without danger :

Item , he that comes with Dragnesse West southwest from Set Iles , let him come no nearer by night then 40. Fatham .

The course to be kept sayling from the tayle of Aise .

THe course from the Killiats or taile of Aise , to Use : is west northwe●● , & from the taile of 〈◊〉 i● the northwest end of Use is 14. leagues .

Item , Bel●●lle and Bluet 〈…〉 ●●rthwest , and it is from the Northwest and of 〈…〉 southeast end of Bellille , 16 , leagues .

The course from Bellille to the 〈◊〉 P●nmarke , is West Northwest : and so you shall 〈…〉 enough off the Pennes , and from the west 〈…〉 to the southeast ●nd of Bellille : is 19. leagues .

Fontenie or the Rase , lies from the wester Penmarke : northwest , and are distant 8. leag●●● .

Saint Powles de Lyons lieth from Ush●nt east and by north : and are distant 16. leagu●● .

Set Ile lyes from saint Powl●● 〈…〉 and i● distant 12. leagues .

Garnesey lies from saint 〈…〉 , and a little to the Eastwards , and are distant 〈…〉 .

The Caskets lies from saint 〈◊〉 ●●●theast , and are distant 28. leagues .

The Caskets lie from the 〈…〉 and a little to the eastwards , and are dista●● 45 〈◊〉 .

Berefleete lies from the 〈◊〉 and by south , and is distant 16. Leagues .

Seine head lies from 〈…〉 and by north , and is distant 21. leagues .

Item , the Rockes which doe li● without the Cape of Cause lye north northeast of 〈◊〉 head , about 5. leagues .

Blacknes lyes from the said Rockes of Cause northest and a little to the eastwards : and is distant 30. leagues .

From Blacknes to Graueling , the land lyeth alongst northeast and by east .

And all the Coast of Flaunders lyeth east northeast and west southwest .

The lying of the Headlands of the Coastes of Porting all and Spaine .

IN primis the point at Farao or Cape saint Mary , lies from the Rockes of Chipiona , which lie at the east point of the entring of the Ru●er of Swill east and West , distant 28. leagues .

The Cape saint Uincent lyeth from the Cape of Saint Maries , West and a little to the Northwards , and are distant 18. leagues .

Cape Picher lyes from the Cape of saint Uincent , North and to the westw●●●s distant 33. leagues .

The Cape of Rockesemper lies from Cape Picher northwest and by north and is distant 8. leagues .

The Burlings from Rockesemper lye north northwest and are distant , 1● . leagues .

Cape Finister lyeth from the Burlings due North : and are distant 68. 〈◊〉 .

The entring 〈…〉 lyes from Burlings , north and by east 55. leagues .

The Iland of 〈◊〉 lye from Cape Finister southeast and by south distant 16. leagues .

The entring 〈…〉 Moores , lyes from Cape Finister southeast , and 〈…〉 5. l●●gues .

The Cape of 〈◊〉 lyes from Cape Finist●r due north and is distant two leagues .

Siserge lyes from Cape Corian Northeast and by east , and is distant 10. leagues .

The Cape Pri●r li●● from Siserge East northeast , and they are distant ● . leagues .

The Hauen of Ferr●e lyes from Siserge due East , distant 7. leagues .

Ortingal lyes from Cape Prier Northeast and by East and is distant 8. leagues .

Ortingall , U●r● point , cape Pennie , and Martinchaco in Biskaie , lyes one from an other east and west , and are a sunder 66. leagues .

The Iland of Saint Cyprian lyes distant from Ortingall 7. leagues .

The entring into Rebadew , lyes from the Iland Saint Ciprian southeast , and they are distant 8. leagues .

The Rockes of Cappenye lye from the ●ntring of Rebadew northeast and by east , distant 14. leagues .

Martinchaco lies from the Rocks of Cape Penie east , & is distant 43. leagues .

The point of Pewger lies from Martinchaco east and by south : and are distant 14. leagues .

The point of Bayone lies from the H●wgar northeast and are distant fiue leagues .

Arkason lyes from the point of Bayone due North , and is distant 18. leagues .

The Pole head of Burdiaur lyeth from Arkason due N. and is distant 18. leagues .

The south Peretris by Rochell lyes from the Cole head of Burdiaux north northwest , & they are ●●●tant 1● leagues .

The courses to be kept in cro●●ing the Sea .

IN primis , the Cape of Cleare and 〈…〉 , doe lye one directlye from the other , south 〈…〉 , and North and by West : and are distant the one from the other 155 Leagues .

The Tower of Waterfoord lyeth from the Groine , next hand due North , and are distant 156. leagues .

The olde head of Rinfal and the 〈…〉 south and to the eastwards , & north and to the We●●wards , and distant 155. leagues .

Sillie lyes from Cisarge North and by east , and is distant 133. leagues , & keeping that course , you shall goe foure leagues to the eastwards of Silly .

Ushant lyeth from Cisarge north northea●● , and are distant 108. leagues .

The Cape of Ortingall and the Lyzard lye the one from the other north and by east , and south and by west , and are distant 130 , leagues .

The Seames & the Hauen of Rebadewe doe lie one from an other north and by east , and south and by west , and are distant 94. leagues .

Item , Pem●ark● lyeth from Uiueris north northeast , and are distant 90. leagues .

Mouse hole in Cornewall lyes from Cape Prior , North and by east , and are distant 136. leagues .

Fontenie li●● from Ortingal north northeast , and is distant 90 , leagues .

Groy lies from Uiueris northeast and by north distant 97. leagues .

Bellille lies from Ortingall Northeast & is distant 90. Leagues , and keeping your course so , you shall fall seauen leagues by east 〈◊〉 .

And you mu●t 〈◊〉 , that seauen leagues are heere reckonev for a kenning .

Item Set Ile is three kennings to the Eastwards of the Fourne , and ther● lies by them a great soncken rocke in the sea , & when 〈◊〉 are North and by west from the land so farre an you● 〈…〉 from the Hatches of the ship , then it seem● 〈…〉 loine Hill , and on the toppe on the east side thereof is a little valley , and it seemes to bee halfe a ships length , and on the west side of the Hill , is likewise a little valley : and it seemes also to bee about a ships length long , and 〈◊〉 that ●halle● vpon the west side stand 2. little Hilles , and the vttermoste of the two is the greatest . And then there 〈◊〉 high hill a good way within the land , and that lies a little 〈◊〉 east the foresaid rocke .

And when you are off from the said out Rock northwest and by north then you can perceiue but one Hillocke vpon that valley that lies at the west ende of the Rock , and then the foresaid high hil lies a little to the westwards of the out rocke , and when you are a kenning from the land , west and by North of the Rocke , that is the East ende of the foresaid deepe Rocke , and the west ende goeth downe a little slope , and you shall see a little hill or knot on the West side of it , and then westwards from the said Rocke lies another outer rocke , which is something lower and ●lmoste round . And on the east side of the Rocke lyes a little ●not , and that i● something greater , and a little way to the westwardes of the same , lyeth yet two out Rockes more and are proportioned like as if they were long h●lles , and the east side is the longest . And between those 〈◊〉 lye also 2 little smal Rockes not much aboue the water , and ●hen a man is a kenning northeast from the foresaide long hil , if ye look out of the top , then it is all alongst betweene those out Rockes full of Rocks : and at the west end of the broadest long hill doe also lye long Rockes , and then a good way westwards of them lies a long ledge of l●we Rocke● , and those lie in foure or fiue parts , and in in the 〈…〉 lye foure round hillocks , which are little higher then the l●●ge , & the moste easterly hillocke lies alone a little to the Eastwards from the ledge .

And then when you are past ouer the Stert , so farre that you can see the land to the northw●●●● of Blanchie hauen , then is there a long high hill , and is a good way on the top all plaine , and both the endes goe ●●●●ping downe .

The course of the tides of Portingall , Spaine , and France .

ITem , at Calis Malis , an East southeast Moone makes a lowe water .

At saint Lucas of Barame●he , a southeast and by east Moone makes a lowe water , & so along from thence to the Riuer of Lishborne the like .

Item all the Coast of Spaine , Gascoine , Poitow , and Britaine , till Fontenie head : a southeast Moone makes lowe water .

Item , in the Riuer of Burdeaux at the mouth , a southeast and by south moone makes a lowe water .

Item , in the race of Fontenie , a southeast and by east Moone makes a lowe water .

Item , at saint Mathewes , a southeast & by south moone makes a lowe wat●r .

Item a south sout●●a●t Moone makes a lowe water at the Fourn● .

And likewise a south southeast Moone makes a lowe water at Aberwrack● .

Item , at the 〈◊〉 Base or Roscow which is within that Iland , and li●● 〈◊〉 ●ennings to the Eastwards of the Fourne , a south moon makes a lowe water , and within th● Iland , a south southeast m●one .

Item , two 〈◊〉 without Ushant , a South moone makes a lowe water , and the same tide holdeth to the I le of Base .

Item , in the faire way off of Ushant , a southwest moon● makes a lowe 〈◊〉 .

Item , seauen 〈◊〉 within the ile of Base , a southwest moone makes a 〈…〉 .

Item before 〈◊〉 , a south and by west moone makes a lowe water .

At the Set Iles , a south southwest moone makes a low water , and foure leagues a seaboard the Iles , a southwest and by south moone m●kes a lowe water .

Item , before the Ilands of Briehack , a south southwest moone makes a lowe water .

And from Briehack to within the hauen of S. Malloes , a south and by east moone makes a low water on the shore .

And without in the faire way , from the I le of Base to Saint Malloes , a southwest and by south moone makes a lowe water .

Item , from Rocke to saint Mallowes , and from Granuile to Garnesey , there a south moone makes a lowe water .

And within the roade of Garnsey , a south & by east moone makes a low water .

Item from Ga●nsey to the Caskets a southw●st moone makes a lowe water .

And 6. or 7. leagues without Garnsey , a southwest and by west Moone makes a lowe water .

Item betwene Caskets and Portland , a southwest and by west Moone makes a low 〈…〉 the Coast and 7. or 8. leagues a sea boord , a west southwest Moone makes a lowe water .

Item , from Bearfleete to the Seinh●●● , in the faire way a west southwest Moone makes 〈…〉 , and when it is a high spring , then a west 〈…〉 ●oone makes a lowe water .

Item from the point of 〈…〉 within the Riuer of Seine , a West and by south ●o●ne makes a lowe water .

Item a southwest Moon makes a lowe water in the riuer of Seine within .

From the Strowter to Some , in the f●ire way , a south and by west Moone makes a low● 〈◊〉 .

Item , at Some in the Fosse , a 〈◊〉 southwest Moone makes a lowe water , and at 〈◊〉 , a west southwest moone makes a lowe water , and at a west Moone it is but little floud .

Item , at Bullein and at Callic● , at Graueling , at Dunkerke , Newport , and alongst all the Coast of Flaunders a west Moone makes a lowe water .

Waltersland .

Item from Waltersland to the abbey of the Brothers a southwest and by west Moone makes a still water . And from thence to Blankenborow , & saint Katherins , a southwest Moone makes a still water . And from Blankenborowe to Saint Katherins , a southwest Moone makes a still water .

Item , a south Moone makes a high water at Swine .

Of the Hauens alongst the Coastes of Spaine and Portingall .

ITem hee that will saile into Ribadewe , hee shall goe in hard by the point on the east side and then hee shall kéepe foorth in the middest of the Riuer , till hee come open of the sandie Baye , and there hee may come to ancker at sixe , seauen or eight fatham .

And from Ribadewe eight Leagues to the Northwestwards , lyes the sound of Utueris , and he that will goe into Uiueris with a southwest winde , hee will goe in by a high point on the west side : and then let him keepe on in the middest of the harborough , going in a good way . And then come to an Ancker , where hee shall thinke good , at tenne or twelue fatham .

Item , west northwest from Uiueris , sixe Leagues off , lyes the point of Ortingall , and it is a high land and without the point there standes fiue or sixe high Rockes , which may bee seene in the Seawards , at the least two kennings of from the land . And those are Cleues , and there is betwéen them and the land 1● fatham .

On the east side of Ortingall is a barred hauen , and that goeth to the towne of Saint Mathewes . And hee that will ride there , let him ancker before the Uillage , called Karinoo , which lyes beneath the Castle of Ortingall . And that is but a quarter of a league from the Rockes , which lye of the southwards . And hee shal haue the Uillage North from him .

And Northwest from Ortiger three leagues or more , lyes , the Hauen of Sidero , which is a good harborough : and goeth Southwest in . And the Southside is a lowe point , & he that wil goe in there , let him keepe by the south side for the northside is all Rockie and soule ground . And when he hath sayled a little way in , let him ancker at sixe , seauen , or eight fatham .

cape prior

When you are north northeast from the Cape Prior , about fiue or sixe leagues , then doth the Cape shewe as héere aboue is set foorth .

Item , the flat end is the southeast end , and the other end is the northwest end , and it lies by the Sea , and it is a high Hill and all ragged aloft . When as you are to the northward , or southwestwards from the Cape Prior , & that you are not farre off from it , then is the Cape verie high all alongst , and seemes on the toppe of it , as though there were many men sitting on a rowe , euerie one a little way from another : and in the Northside of the Cape lyes two sandie Baies one by another , and on the north northeast corner of the Cape lies a rowe of lowe Rockes , and in the middest of the rowe lyes a great Rock , like as it were a stack of Haye . And when you are come within the Cape , then is there lying on the south side of the Cape a sandye Baye , and to the south of the sandye Bay , lyes a lowe flat Hill , which is not halfe so high as the high land that lies within it : and westward from the south end of the flat hil , there lyes two great Rockes hard one by another , and to the southwards of the sandye Baye , lies a point out from the entrie , within which is the Hauen of Faroll .

When you will saile into the Hauen of Faroll , you shall beare into the sound of the Groyne , so long till you see the Hauen of Faroll open on your Larboord side , and then you may beare boldely in with it . And when you are in , then before the towne of Farol , you must go no farther , for within is all shold , the hauen lies Northeast in , and it is a good Hauen for Carracts which are bound southwards .

He that wil saile into the Groine , shall keepe his course from Cape Prior South and by east towards the Groyne , and if he be without the Cape Prior , then let him kéep nearest to the East side , for the Westerside is all foule ground . And he shal see to the southwards from him about two leagues off or more , along small tower with a flat head , and dooth not shewe veri● hi●h abo●e the Sea : and southward from that tower , as you would iudge two bowe shootes of ▪ there standes the towne of the Groine : and at the Southeast end of the towne standes a Castle , and there is a great foure cornered Tower which hath no couering aboue to be seene : and to the Eastward from the Castle , about foure ship● lengthe● from ●he shore , there lyes a ledge of Rockes , and when it is a full se● , then you shal see but three or foure rocks breake aboue the water , but when it is a low water , then you shall see a great many . And Southward from the Castle about foure ships length from the land , there lies a little greene Hill , and on that standes a little Church of S. Anthonies , and it seem●● as though it were a little flat house , and you must leaue the high Tower ▪ the ragged Rockes , with the lowe 〈◊〉 , and that greene little hil altogether on your s●arboord side , and when yee are cleane past that greene 〈…〉 towards , goe westwards in before the Towne , 〈…〉 hee cleane defended from the Sea , then ye may anker where you wil and in what depth ye list .

Item , Sisarge l●es a little to the westwards of the Groin● and there is a little Iland , and is 〈◊〉 on the top , & when you are a little way within the Cape Prior , you may then see betwixt that little Iland and Sisarge , and there is no good Roade vnder Sisarge , for the ground is not cleane .

Mongi .

When you are northwest and by north of Mongie , then it shewes as heere aboue is set forth .

Item , he that will saile into Mongie , and comes from the eastwards , he shall finde without at the east point a great high Rocke which is called Uillen , and by it stand high cliffes , which are sharpe on the top , there stands 3. or 4. of them a good way a sunder one from another , and they lye East south east and west northwest , & alongst north from this point ; and to the westwards about foure cable length of there lyes a Rocke vnder water : that hee must leaue to the stereboorde side of him , and when he● is past the Rocke , then let him go southwest in and then when he shal sée the ●hurch of our Lady that is to the wes●wa●ds , then let him saile directlye towards it , and then he may anker before the towne , or betweene the Towne and the Church at 7. or 8. fatham .

Mongy

Item , when you are from Mongie North and by West then it shewes in this sort .

Item h● that will saile 〈…〉 , and comes from the westwards let him keepe the 〈◊〉 the Groine without the point which lies there within , which is a great round point , of a Ships length and it is called Bontrie , going thus till you haue opened our Ladies church , and when ye can see the church , ye may anker at 12. or 15. fatham in the sound , or ye may sail● in before the d●sage to the best roade .

Item , betwixt cape Finister and the point of the Groine lyes a ledge of rockes halfe a league into the seawards .

And whosoeuer will saile into Mongie , let him take héed of those rockes . And betwixt Finister and the Groine lyes a great sandy Bay : where is good riding with an east wind at 10. or 12. fatham .

Item , when you haue the Cape of Finister southeast and yeast from you or there abouts , and are distant from it about fiue leagues or more , then it seemeth to be as is figured aboue .

Item he that will ride vnder Cape Finister , let him saile two Cable length off from the Cape , and goe so on a good League till ye see our Ladies Church , and then let him anker against the Church at 10. or 12. fath. but when hee hath the Cape west from him , there is no good roade for a south winde , for the ground there is foule and rockie all about .

Item , halfe a league to the southwards of Cape Finister lyes a good hauen for ships that are bound southward which is called Seche , and lyes eastwards from the Cape : to goe into that hauen , you must saile in on the North side , but you may not come very nie the North land , for it is not all cleare of Rocks nie the shore . And when you come nye the hauen , there lyes a blacke Rocke not much aboue the water , which you must leaue on the sterboord side and saile in about the middest , betweene the rock & a point● that lies towards Cape Finister , going so a good way into the northwards , keeping you in the middle of the sound , til you see a sandy Baye to the Stereboord side of you , and against that sandy Baye , you may anker at 10.11 . or 12. fatham : and if you goe further in it is shalsower .

Foure leagues from Cape Finister , to the southeastwards , lyes ta● point of Mounteluer , and in the course thether lye many rockes on both sides , and the most part of the rockes that may hurt you , are in sight . Mounteluer is a great round hill , and there is a little tower on the top of it , and that is the north point of the Moores .

Hee that will saile into Hauen of Moores he must first bring the middle of the Mounteluer right ouer a little vally , and when he comes before the Hauen , then let him run in east northeast towards Mounteluer , and when hee is against Mounteluer , hee shall then see another high point lying on the Larboord side of him , & then he shal saile off from Mounteluer in towards the other point , and then hee shall see the Towne to the Westwards before him , and then let him saile in before the Towne , till hee come to twelue or fifteene fatham , and there anker .

Hee that will saile into Pontasedre , hee must saile in by the Iland called Bleedednes which is a flat land .

Then hee shall keepe the south side , going East northeast two leagues , and then hee shall finds before the middest of the hauen a little Iland , he shall leaue that on hi● Larb●ord side , and to the southward of the Iland , hee shall see a great Tower : then let him saile directlye before the tower , and there come to an ancker , at sixe , seauen or eight Fatham , and hee will ride vnder that Iland , which lies before the middle of the hauen , let him bring the Iland to the westwards of him and so ancker at 7. or 8. fatham .

Hee that will goe in to ride vnder the Ilands of Bayon , let him keepe neere to the Iland : for at the northeast point of the Iland , there lies a rocke vnder water , about a cables length from the point , otherwise all is cleare .

He that comes out of the sea with the Ilands of Bayon he shal not perceaue any other land but Graye Cliffes , and he that will saile in there comming from the south let him leaue the rocks which are in the southside of the Iland betweene him and the Iland , and so saile in by the middlemoste Iland , wherein the Eremetage stands . Ouer against the great sandye Bay● , there is the best roade in twelue or fourteene fatham , and you may ride so nigh , till you haue brought that north end of the Iland directly with that land which lies to the northwards of the Iland .

Hee that will saile into Bayon ▪ let him saile in betweene the little Iland of Baiona , that lieth on the north side of the eu●rie and the towne , going in East and by north , till he bée as farre within as the lowe towne , which he shal see on the south side , and there he may anker at ten or twelue fatham : but he must take great heede of a ledge of rockes that lie off the Iland on the north side .

I●em ▪ there lye fiue or sixe rockes by the point or corner of the Cape Pasalis these he must leaue on the stereboord side : and he needes not come to ancker , before he see them shut in the other point that the high towne stands on .

Item 19. Leagues to the southwards of this Iland of Bayona , lies the riuer of Portugall .

Item the riuer of the port of Portugal , is a good bard hauen , and hee that will goe in there , must keep the south side ●ee●●st him . And let him take good heede of the Rockes which lie at the entring into the hauen , and that is but a shorte cut in . The south side is a lower land then the north side is .

Item , eleuen leagues to the southwards of the port of Portugall , lies the hauen Aueiro .

Item , the Hauen of Aueiro is a bard hauen , & the land by the water side is a lowe sandy land : To saile into this Hauen , you must take your markes vpon the south land , and those are three Beacons of mastes , those three Beacons must be kept in one , so long till you bee come almoste hard by them , then you must set of northwards from them towards the other Shingle , which lies in the North side of the Hauen , and there yee may ancker at seauen or eight fatham .

Item , seauen leagues by south that hauen , there lyes the point of Teliacke by Mondego , which is a faire foreland , and from the south point of Teliacke , a mile to the east , southeastwards : there lies Mondego , which is a bard hauen .

And westward from that hauen a quarter of a league from the land , lies a bancke of seauen fatham , & behind that one may ride in 12. or 13. Fatham , it is there good ground and faire , and there is a village thereby North Northeast from the roade .

He that will ancker vnder the Burlings , let him ancker before the Eremitage at ten Fatham , hee may come to it by which side he will , for it is cleare there of danger .

Twelue Leagues to the S. southeast of the Burlinges , there lies the Cape of Rocksemper , a little within that point is the Roade of Kaskales & he that wil ride there may anker where hee list , for there is good anker holde in euerie place , but no couert for a southwest winde .

Then a league Eastwards from the Kaskals of saint Gilians point and is the north point of the Riuer of Lisbone , and hee that will saile in by the Northland , hee muste keepe the middle , and sayle in betwixt the point of of saint Gillians , and the land of the Kachopes , till he be within ●he point of saint Gillians , and then let him saile on foorth by the Northland till hee come to saint Katherins Bay , and then he must keepe off againe from thence towards the S. land , for feare of the Rockes which lye by the Rastelles a bow shoote from the north land , and that rocke is at a lowe water in sight , and at halfe floud it is vnder water .

The first white Church is Saint Katherins Churche , which standes vppon the foreland of saint Gillians to the Eastwards by the water side , and the other Church is the Rastelles and southeast from thence in twelue Fatham , is a good roade for all windes .

He that will saile in by the great deepe of Lisbone comming from the southwards , let him leaue the sand of the Kachopes on his Larboord side , and all the other sands that breake on his Sterboord side and then he shal see the white sandy Baye that lies next to the Eastwards of the point of Saint Gillians , and kéepe that Northeast and by north of him going still alongst the Kachop●s in 6. or 7 fatham and by these markes he may saile into the Bay of saint Katherins and then let him kéepe two third partes of the riuer on his Larboord side , and the other third part on the s●●rboord , and saile on so vntill he come before the towne of Lisbone , and he that will ancker before the Coupers , let him ancker before the Lime Kil and more athwart the Riuer , and lay the one anker at 13. fatham , and the other at 4 f●t●am .

He that will saile in before the Fisher town , let him not come neere the shore before the Coupers gate , for there lies a rocke a pretty way off , and it is il riding thereabout in any place , because the streames turns about so there at the eb , and it is all rockie .

Item , within a stones cast to the southwards of the Kachopes is 8. fatham deepe , and by the same sand by the south side , it is 13. fatham deepe within a Ships length of the sand . And let him that will saile out at Saint Gillians déepe , take good héede of the ebbe , for that sets sore towards the sand of Kachopes .

Item , hee that will saile in by the great deepe of Lisbone , let him bring the Castle of the Rastelles east , and by north of him , or let him bring the tower of the Rastelles to the northwards of the souther foreland , keeping them so till hee haue brought the little Church at S. Gilians point North northeast , or there about from him , then goe northeast off it towards S. Katherins bay : and alwaies reckon your tides well .

He that will saile to S. Toous , hee must haue halfe floud with him , and must saile east from Cape Pitcher , then hée shall see before him to the northwards , a great high land , when he is past that high land , then let him keepe the point of Cape Pitcher open a good way without the high land , going with those markes til he see the Tower to the northwards of him , then let him saile right with the Tower , till he come neere to it . And when he is as far in as the Tower , then let him edge into the middle of the channell , and ancker at ten fatham .

Cape S. Vincent

Item , when you are off from Cape S. Uincent West or thereabout , then dooth it shew as is aboue figured .

He that will ride vnder Cape S. Uincent , shall passe on by the first point , and saile a League further in vnder the other point by a red land , and there ancker at 15. or 20. Fatham , for the ground is all cleane thereabouts , and ye may saile fast by the shore that yee may in manner leape a land .

Hee that wil saile into S. Lucas , hee shall at the entring into the mouth of the riuer of Ciuill , when hee is without before the hauen , keepe the stéeple or Tower of S. Lucas to the eastwards of him , and so go in at sixe fatham , & ye shall continue so at sixe fatham almoste a league . And when hee comes in sixe fatham he may ancker , and then he shall haue haue pilots come to him .

Item , to the westwardes of S. Lucas lies a sandy Bay ▪ and you may saile alongst by that in sixe fatham , or come to an ancker if you list .

Callis .

Sebas●●an

WHen Callismallis is northward of you , then dooth it shewe thus , as is aboue set foorth .

Hee that will ride before Callis , let him saile in by the Rockes which lie to the westwards of Callis , which are called the Porkers , and he must leaue them Rockes on the steereboord side , and beare in at sixe Fatham or more . And when he is 3. or 4. cables length within the Porkers , that he may see the Towne of Callis open to the southwards , or South south west from him , then let him ancker , at 3.4 . 5. or 6 , fatham . And right off the Porkers to the northward lye sonken rockes , & there is at a lowe water but a fatham & a halfe vppon them ,

Item , the markes for the rock which lies betwéen Rotta and the Porkers in the channell are these , when S. Katherine Chappel which stands by west S. Maries Port by the waters side , and the house that stands vpon the high hil which you goe ouer , two sheeres be brought in one And S , Maries Cloister in Callis without the north point of Callis , and also two high hilles lying to the East northeast , or thereabouts from you brought together , also after this maner , as is heere under shewed , the lesse vnder the greater then are you euen hard by the said rocke .

in granado

Item , when you are come out of the sea , with a large winde , then keep the two hilles open in that order , as they stand aboue figured , but if hee keepe them shut in one then ye goe directly vpon the rocke .

The Tides alongst the coast of Ireland and England .

ITem , on the West part of Ireland , an east northeast , or a west southwest Moone makes a full sea .

Item to the Bay of Carmardin , in the mouth of Seuerne , and without in the Channel , & at the Momlesse , an East and by north , or West and by south Moone makes a full sea .

Item at the Iland of Londey , an East Moone makes a ful sea , & the same tid holdeth to the Holmes . And at Bristowe an east and by south moone makes a full sea .

Item , a northeast and by east , or a southwest & by south Moone makes a full Sea at Sillie .

Item ▪ in Mousehole and in Falmouth an east northeast Moone makes a full Sea , and three or foure Leagues off the shore in the faire way , an east southeast Moone makes a full Sea .

Thwart of Falmouth and Foye in the middest of the Channell , an east and by south Moone makes a full Sea .

Thwart of Plimouth and Dartmouth , and all betwixt that and Portland in the middle of the channell , an east southeast Moone makes a full sea .

In Foy , in Plimouth and Dartmouth , an east and by-north moone makes a full sea .

In the faire way betweene Dartmouth and Portland a southeast and by south moone makes a full sea .

In the middest of the channel ouer against Portsmouth a south southeast Moone makes a full sea . And the like tide is off the I le of Wight in the middest of the channell .

Po●tland .

IN the r●ce of Portland , a southeast moone maketh a full ●ea , and in the roade of Portland , an East Southeast Moone makes a full sea .

A southeast and by south Moone , makes a full sea at the Needles in Wight . And the same tide goeth to Wolter horne on the land , and 3. or foure leagues a seaboord , a south and by east moone makes a full sea , and at saint Ellens a southeast moone .

And it is to be noted that the floud sets in at the east end of Wight , till the moone be at southeast or northwest .

At Calshot , Hampton , and at Portsmouth , a south and by east Moone makes a full Sea , before Hampton a south moone makes a full sea .

From Wight to beachie , a south and by east Moone makes a full sea on the shore .

At Rie in the Cammer and Winchelsey , a south and by east Moone makes a full sea , and without in the O●tune a south southwest Moone .

A south southwest Moone , makes a full sea in the roade at Dongie Nesse , and a south moone vppon the Stell , and without in the channell there a southwest moone makes a full sea .

From the Nesse to Romney head , a southwest Moone makes a full sea .

In the Channel and hard by the head , a southeast or north west Moone makes a low water .

Item , a south moone makes a full sea at Douer , and in the Downes & at Tennet , a south southwest Moone makes a full Sea , and a south or north Moone makes a full Sea at the Shore .

The course of the streames of Ireland , and England .

IN primis , from the Cape o● Dorsey , to the Iland called Dordon , the floud runnes north northwest , and the ebbe sets south southeast .

From Dorsey to Cape cleere the floud runnes East and by north , and the ebbe west and by south .

From the Cape of Cleere to the Ilands called Salteis , the floud runneth east northeast , & the ebbe west southwest .

From the Cape of Ireland to the Iland of Londey , the flouds sets in northeast and by east , and the ebbe southwest and by west .

From Londey to Milford , the floud goeth east southeast and the ebbe west south west .

From Milforde to Calvie , to the Bay of Carmardin which is the mouth of Seuerne , & to the Ilands of Momlesse , the floud runneth northeast , and the ebbe southwest .

In the middest of the mouth of S. Georges channell , the floud runneth north northeast , and the ebbe west Southwest .

In the Channell of Bristowe , the floud sets east northeast , and the ebbe west southwest .

From Sillie to the Lyzart , the floud runneth East and by north , and ebbes west and by south .

From Sillie to the lands end of England , the floud sets east northeast , and the ebbe west southwest .

From the Point of the lands end , to the cape of the Lyzard : the floud sets east , and the ebbe west .

From the Lyzart to the Stert , the floud sets northeast and by east , and the ebbe southwest and by west .

Item , in the middle of the channell , against Falmouth , Foy ▪ Plimouth , and the Stert , the floud runnes northeast , and the ebbe west southwest .

From the Stert to Portland in the middle of the Channell , the floud runnes East north east , and the ebbe West southwest .

Against Dartmouth about two leagues from the shore , the ebbe sets southwest and by south , and to the Eastward , and on the south southwest side of the entring in towards E●cester , about two leagues from the shore , the ebbe sets likewise southwest and by south .

Portland .

ITem , within Portland in the Bay , the floud sets northeast and the ebbe southwest .

From Portland to Wight tht floud runnes east and by north , and the ebbe west and by south .

From Wight to Beachie , the floud runeth East and by north , and nie to the land in 15. fatham , the floud runnes northeast and by east , and the ebbe southwest and by west

He that will saile into Sillie comming from by South , let him looke well in time , and take good heede of the rocks which lie in the middest of the sound ●ight before the mouth , and hee may saile in on eyther side , ●ut it is best to keepe next to the east side , and keepe the steeples or towers in the middle of the same Bay ▪ and then he may beare in an anker at 6.7 . or 8. fatham .

portland

. S. andrew

Item , when the Béel or point of Portland beares northeast and by east from you , and that you are 2. leagues or more from the shore , then dooth it shew thus as before is portraied : but to the Westwards is much more land then heere is set foorth , and a greate deale of the west part , the land seemes whitely to looke to .

portland

Item , when Portland beareth North and by East from you , and that you are fiue or sixe leagues off from the land , then it shewes thus as aboue : & when it lies north Northeast from you , then it seemes playne ab●●e and r●●nd to looke on , From Dongie Nesse to Douer , the f●oud sets Northeast and by East , and the ebbe northwest & by west , At the south foreland the floud sets northeast and by north and the ebbe southwest and by south .

Heereafter follow the hauens alongst the west coast of England .

ITem , east northeast from Beachie nine leagues off lyeth the Nesse , which is a faire lowe point westward from the Nesse , two leagues off lieth the Cammer of Rie ▪ a bard hauen , and hee that will saile into the Cammer comming from by west , he must keep Beachie open without the point of Fairlee , and beare Eastwards in till hee haue brought the house northwest from him , & then sayle by the Shingle in , and when hee comes at the end of the Shingle , then let him anker within a cables length of the Shingle northwest from the point in ten Fatham , it is not wide there ,

Beachey

Item , when Beachie lyes northwest and by north from you , and that you are about foure or fiue leagues from the land , then it shewes thus : and it is a white chalkie land .

Item , he that will ride vnder Beachie hee may ancker where he will , the East side is all shold , and on the West side is all good ground .

Beachy

Item when Beachie lies northeast off from you , and that you are two leagues from the land , then dooth it appeare thus , as aboue is figured .

Beachie lies from the Caskets , northeast and by east about fortie leagues .

Wigh●

Item , when Wight beareth Northwest from you , and that you are fou●e leagues from the land , there you shall haue 35. fatham , and the ground is great rough stones .

Hee that will sail● in at the east ende of Wight , let him take heede of the Ow●●s , and fetch the sholding of the west side of the deapth before saint Ellins Church , and there hée may ride at seauen or eight Fatham . And hee that will sayle in , let him bring the Lime kill that lies aboue Portsmouth , and the steeple of Portesemouth in one , & so saile in keeping two third 〈◊〉 of the channel on the Larboord side and saile in so to 〈◊〉 .

At the East end of Wight a northwest Moone makes the entrie of the first quarter of the floud .

He that will saile in at the west end of Wight , he muste looke well to the tide , for the floud sets verie sore vpon the needles , and the ebbe likewise westwards vpon the Swingilles , and chalkie Rockes , which lies westwards of the Needles , and is verie narrow between the Needles and the swingilles , and let him directly saile with the Needles , euen tht he come fast by them , and saile in verie neere them , and when he is on●e within the Needles , then let him kéep off from the land before him because of the ●ocks called the Wardens , which lies on the Wight side neere the shore .

And hee that will ride vnder the Beachie which lies on the other side , let him ancker at seauen Fatham , and if hee will goe any further in , let him keep two third pa●ts of the Channel towards the maine land , and saile so in till hee come before the Uillage of Yarmouth where the new Bulwarke standes vpon the Wight side : and if he will saile vp to Caus●o● , then he must saile on till hee may see the town of Hampton appe●r without the abbey , and ancker nerest to the west part of Causho● .

He that will ride without Hurst by the Needles , let him beare in and ancker before the Uillage in the North Chanell at three Fatham at a lowe water , and he shall ●aue the Needles South southeast from him , and at a deepe tide , ●he floud dooth not rise there aboue one Fatham .

He that will ride in Portland roade , let him ancker at ● . fatham .

Item , 12. leagues to the Westwards of Portland , is a roade called Torbaie , and lies within the head which is called the Berrie , and Portland and that lie east and West , and on the East side of the Berrie head standes a Church and there against the Church is verie good riding at 6. or 7. Fatham .

Item , when as Torbay beares North Northwest from you , and that you are about three Leagues from the shore , then the land appeares in this fashion .

Dartmouth .

the stert

Hee that will ancker vnder the south point of Torbay let him ride at 7. Fatham , and he shall ride well for a southeast winde .

dort

〈◊〉

Torsbay

the stert

Item , when Der●mouth beares north northwest from you , and the point of Torbay north and by east of you , then sheweth the Stert and Dertmouth after this manner as is heere figured , and then you may see the little Bulwarke in the East side . & Sa. Patricks chappell in the west side , and a little ●lat Church to the westwards of you .

the stert

Item , when the Stert is west northwest from you , and two leagues off from it , then doth it shewe like as is aboue portraied .

the stert

Item , when the Stert beares Northwest from you , and you being 4. or 5. leagues off it , then doth it shew like as is heere aboue set foorth .

Portland lies from Ushant Northeast , and is distant 48 leagues .

portland

Item , when Portland lies west and by north from you , then it sheweth after this manner .

Item , when Portland beareth Northeast and by North , then dooth it shewe thus .

He that will saile into Dertmouth , let him goe directlye with Saint Patricks Chappell , which standes on the west pointe of the Hauen , and let him take heede that he doe not bring that village which standes within on the west side of the hauen without Saint Patrickes Church , but let him keepe the vttermost house of the same Uillage on the East side of the hauen a way in sight without the Bulwarke of the west side by Saint Patri●kes Chappel , and then can he not take any hurt on the rockes in the Range by the West p●int , and when hee is a little way within the point that lyes on the east side , he shall see a sharpe corner of a Cliffe , & without the sharpe corner of the Cliffe lies a rock vnder water very dangerous , let him leaue that on the steereboord side , and when he is past that Rock then he may keep himselfe in the middest of the hauen , and beare in without danger .

He that will ride vnder the Stert , let him Ancker in ten Fatham there hee shall haue cle●n●●round : the roade is to the Eastwards of the S●ert . To the West Northwestwards of the Sterte sixe leagues , goeth in the sounde of Plimouth , he that wil goe in there , must beare in the middest of the sound directly with an Iland that hath a Chappell on it : and if hee be disposed to ri●● within the Iland : when he is so farre in as the Iland , then hee must borrough hard by the East side thereof in 10. ●a●ham , and when hee hath brought the Iland to the southwards of him , let him anker in sixe or seauen fatham .

He that will saile into the E●ster harborough which is Catwater , let him goe alongst by the east shore , ●ill he come before the Blockhou●e at the entrie of Catwater , and hee must take verie good heede of the southeast point of the entry of Catwater , for it is al foule ground & shallowe , let him saile in by the N●rthwest point within two ships length of the Blockehouse , & then runne into the northeast & by E. about a bowes shoote in and ancker in 4.5 . or 6. fatham .

To the Westwardes of Plimouth lies a round hedge , which is called Rams head , & south and to the westwards of that 3. leagues into the sea , lyes a rocke which is called the Edie stone , and it lies south southwest southerlye from the Howe of P●imouth .

He that will ride vnder the Rams head to the eastwards may ancker at eight or nine Fatham within a bowe shoote of the Cape , for there is all cleane ground .

Item ▪ foure leagues from the Rams head to the Westw●rds , l●●s an Iland hard by the shore , & it is a little round Iland and with small Barqus ye may ride within it , and goe through betwixt the maine & in the east side is the best comming in , and the best riding is against the middest of the Iland , hard by it to the eastwards goeth in Lowe hauen .

Item , two leagues to the eastward of Lowe , lyes the hauen of Foye , and a little byeast Foye , lyes a Rocke vnder water , and so long as you can sée Lowe Iland without the poynt which lyes to the westwards of it , you can take no hurt by it .

Item , Foye is a bard hauen , and at the entrie of the hauen , there stands on either side vpon the high land , a church , and that which stands on the east side is the lesser , they are square towers something white , and hath a flat stéeple at the west end .

He that will saile into the hauen of Foye , must haue halfe flood at the least , and let him saile in the midst of the chanel , and when he is betwéene the two poynts , he may kéepe alongst which shore he will , but the west shore is the wydest chanel , by the stakes and tower of the steeple which stands in the west side of the hauen : and if he come in by the west shore , then he must when he is within those stakes , bear off a little from the west shore , almost into the midst of the chanell next to the west shore . Before the village which lyes on the west side , is a little dock , and there a ship may lye a flote at a lowe water , or yée may saile further in , and then you shall see a wall standing on the west side of the hauen , and a village behind it , there is good ankering a ships length by south that wall on the east side , but ye must ride by two Cables , or else you may saile further in alongst by that Swach that lyes on the west side , wherein the water mill stands , but take heed you come not too nigh the north corner of the Swach , for there lyes a rocke , and when you are a little past that . ye may rowe into the midst of the streame , there is best lying for ships that drawe much water : and to the southwards of the foresaid wall , a ship that drawes 18. foote water , may well ride a flote

Item , there lyes within the east poynt , a village euen at the first entrye , and before the village is a poole , where two or thrée ships may well lye , and the déepest is within at the east point . And if he that comes in by the east shore , will not goe into that poole , then let him ( when he comes a little way within the stakes on ●he east shore ) fall somthing off , and keepe neerest to the west shore , for on the east side lyes a Flatte all alongst , vntill you come against the first house of the west village . And if perchance the winde were so scarce that you cannot beare in , then ye may come to an anker without , so as the ship may ride without the stakes . And then ye may warpe in with Hausers , and lye behinde t●e stakes , with a ship that draweth twelue or fourt●ene soot water a flote at a lowe water .

Item , the hauen lyes N. northeast in , till you be past the Churche of the Uillage which lyes on the west side , and then it lyes north in , til you be past the watermill , and then north northeast in .

And he that will anker without , to tarye his tide , or for any other occasion , he may come to an anker at six , seauen , o● eight fatham , so that he haue the Church that standeth on the east side , north northeast of him , for there it is cleane ground all without .

The hauen of Foye and Daddeman , lye the one off the other , southwest and northeast .

Whosoeuer sayleth into ●almouth , l●t him take good heede of the rocke that lyeth without in the middlo before the entring . And he may leaue the rocke on which side he will , but the deepest water is to the eastward of the rocks . And when you are past the rocke , then may you anker in the middest of the hauen where you will , at fiue , sixe , or seauen fatham , and take heed how you sayle in any further , for feare of the bankes which lye within . And if you will sayle within the bankes , then you must haue good knowledge of the markes of the hauen .

He that will sayle into Helford , had need to take a quarthe flood with him , and let him sayle by the east poynt nigh the land at foure fatham , till he see the stéeple on the south-side beare south of him ; then he may anker against the stéeple at foure fatham . And by the west poynt lyes a rocke vnder the water , in the west side of the hauen .

He that will come to anker in the road of Moushole , he must sayle hard to by west of a high round hill , and to the northwards of the hilles side , lyes a white ledge of rockes on the shore , and against that is the road , in fiue or at seauen fatham , it is not verie cleane ground .

He that comes from the south , and wil saile into Sillie , let him looke out in time , for feare of the Rockes , which lye in the middle of the entring , right before the mouth on eyther side , but it is the best to keepe neerer the east side , and then keepe the Church of Saint Maries in the middest of the sandy Bay , and then you may anker at sixe , seauen , or eight fatham .

Item Sillie lieth west southwest off the landes end of England nine leagues

Item , from the point of the lands end , to the Lyzard , the course is southeast and by east eight or nine leagues .

Sandes at the Thames mouth .

NOw to knowe the markes of the last , there standes a thick bushie tree vpon the foreland , and you must bring Margate by south off that Bushy trée , to sight wit●in two yardes length , and keepe them so , & you shall passe betweene the Norther and the Souther last , and when ye haue brought the recouluers in one , then are you out of the danger of the Lasts , then kéepe on your foresaid course toward Sheppy , & when you haue brought the high land Sheppy to the Southward of you , then you shall see a white Church standing on the North side , and three or foure high trees there by it , bring the said white steeple into the trees , and goe so into the lowernesse , and the you shal come to the sea Rocks , and that lies West Northwest in .

At the Foreland , a south or north Moone makes a full sea , and the Reculuers are two sharpe stéeples vpon one Church , take héed you come not on the lands end at a lowe water , for there is not aboue two foot water déep .

The deapths ouer against England .

IN primis , the Coast of Flaunders in the right and vsed channel , is not aboue 24. fatham déep .

In the midst of the chanel betweene Douer and Blackenesse , lyes a banke , which hath not at a lowe water aboue 3. fatham déep on it .

And within halfe a league to the southwards of the bank it is 27. fatham deepe , and to the northwardes , fiue and twenty fatham .

Betwéene Winchelsey and Pickardie , the deapth is 26. fatham .

Item , vnder Ouldersey in the channel , the deapth is 25. fatham .

Item , the channel by east of Beachie , two leagues off , is 27. fatham déep .

Betweene Beachie and Seine head , in the channel , is 38 or 40 fatham deep .

Betwéene Wight and Beachie , it is in the channell , 38. or 40. fatham déep ,

And thrée leagues without Wight , it is 37. fatham déep and it is not very cleane ground there .

Item , from Berefléete to the middest of the depth of the channell , you shall finde it all rockie , and from the middest of the channell , to the East of England , it is all cleere ground ,

It is very perillous to trust to sounding by the Iland of Aldernay , for hard by the land is fortie fatham deepe , and west southwest off , by the Kaskets , it is eight and thirtye fatham déepe .

Betwéene Portland and the Kaskets , in the channell , is fortye fatham And two leagues a sea-boord the Iland of Aldernaye , is a certaine place , which is but thirtye fatham deepe , whereas in all other places betweene Porteland , and that Iland , it is forty Fatham deepe in the channell .

Item to the south southwestward , about a kenning from the Stert is about fortye Fatham , and the ground is red sandy clay .

South southeast into the Sea from the Stert , and a kenning of it , is 45. Fatham deep , and sayling from that depth southeast a little further foorth , yee shall finde 55. fatham . And these vncertaine deepes are betweene Rocketo and the Stert .

Item , to the Southwards of the high land of Dertmouth in the sight of the land , it is about 43. fatham deepe , and the ground is white sand , with some little shelles amongst it , & verie little smal long things like vnto such Maggots as are sometimes in Bacon .

Item , 5. or 6. Leagues southwest from the Stert is 40. Fatham déepe , and the ground is gray red sand , reddish , and shellie .

Item , 10. or 12. leagues Southwest from the Stert it is 47. fatham deepe , the ground is blacke grosse sand and shellie and little rough thinges like Maggots , with some small stones amongst .

Betweene Dartmouth and Set Iles , in the channell is 55. Fatham , and from the towne of Plimmouth 4. leagues south southwest into the Sea , it is 30. fatham deepe faire white sand .

Betweene the Lyzart and the Stert , come no nearer the land by night then 40. Fatham . And if you will ancker betweene those two heads , you shall ancker at 25. fatham , and be within the streame of the foreland .

Betweene Ioy and the I le of Basse in the Channell is 58. Fatham , and at the lands end of England it is 50. fatham deepe .

Betweene the Iland of Londey and Sillie , it is in the right course 40. fatham déepe .

Item ten leagues to the southeastwardes , from the Iland of Saltes is but 20. fatham , and the ground is small red ozie sand .

Item betweene Milford and the Saltes , in the channel is 40. fatham .

East southeast from the dale of Milford , right against it about a bowe shoote off lyes a sonken rocke vnder water .

From the Iland of Saltes to the Cape of cleer , in the right course is 56. Fatham , come no neere the land in the night than 40. fatham , for then you are but three leagues from the land .

Item , if you sound being thwart of the cape Clere , & finde 80. fatham deepe , and the ground clammie , and small white sand , then if it bee cleare weather , you shal see the Cape out of the top , and that ground and deapth is to the southward of the cape .

Item southward from Dorsey three leagues from the land , it is 70. fatham deep , & the ground is grey sand mingled with small shelles .

The lying of the land of England alongst the coast .

IN primis the point of the Nesse , lies from the point of Douer southwest .

Beachie lieth from the point of the Nesse West Southwest .

Donnoze in the I le of Wight lies from Beachie West and by South .

Item the coast alongst the I le of Wight , lyes West and by north , and the Wight lies from Nulfers Hauen Westwards .

Portland lies from Wight , West Southwest twelue leagues .

The Hauen of Dertmouth lyes from Wight west south southwest westerlye .

The Stert lyes from Portland west , and by south 16. leagues .

Plimmouth lies from the Stert , west northwest sixe or seauen leagues .

Dodman lies from Plimmouth , southwest and by west 13 , leagues .

The Lyzart lyes from the Stert , West and by south 25. leagues .

The lands end of England lyes from the Lyzart , West northwest westerly 8. or 9. leagues .

Item , it is from the point of Douer to Beachie eightéen leagues .

And it is from Beachie to Donnoze 20. leagues .

From Donnoze to Portland , is 16. leagues .

From Portland to the Stert , is 16. leagues .

From the Stert to the Lyzart , is 22. leagues .

From the Lyzart to sillie , is 18. leagues .

And from the Lyzart to the landes end of England is 9. leagues .

From the lands end to ●●llie is 8. leagues .

Sillie lies from the lands end of England west southwest , and from the Lyzart sillie lies due west .

The lying of the land about the lands ●nd of England , and of the coastes of Ireland .

IN primis , the Iland of Londey , lies from sillie northeast and by North , and are distant 30. leagues .

Waterfoord lies from sillie , North and by east 30. leagues ,

The hauen at Waterfoord lies from the lands end of England , northwest and by north , 31. leagues .

The hauen of Crock lyes from sillie northwest 35 ▪ leagues .

The Cape of Cleare lies from the Iland of Salteis , west southwest 43. leagues , and between them lies the Old head which lies from waterfoord 24. leagues .

The Iland of Salteis and the Iland of Beumaries or Holihead , lie the one from the other northeast and by north and southwest and by south , and are distant 42. leagues .

The Ilands of Dorses lyes northwest and by west from the cape of Clere , and are distant 12. leagues .

The Ilands of Blaskey lyes fro● the Dorses North and by west , and are distant 19. leagues .

The Cape of Strauen lies from Blaskey North and by west and are distant 8. leagues .

The courses , the lying of the coastes , and the tides vpon the North Coast of England .

Orfordnes . Leistow . Yermouth . Winterton .

NOte wel , that heere the floud comes from the Northwardes . And first you shall vnderstand , that the lands end and the Nesse , lies North and something to the Westward , and south something to the east ward , & they are distant two great kennings , and there a south or North Moone makes a ful sea .

Item from the Nesse to Orfordnes , the course is north northeast and to the eastwards , & they are distant two small kennings , and a south or north Moone makes a ful sea .

Item from Orfordnes to Leistowe , the course is north , and they are distant 8. leagues , & at Leistow a south southeast Moone makes a full Sea .

Item , when you haue the foreland southwest of you , and that you are about eight leagues distant from it , there are bancks of 17.20.23 . and of 24. fatham , & the ground is red sand with white shelles , and some stonye ground likewise .

Item our Ladies bancke lyes at the head betweene Calis and Blacknes , about 7.10 . or 12. fatham .

Item , hard by Goodwin you shall haue 26 , fatham , and the ground is grosse red sand .

Item , the west point of the foreland and the Northeast point of Goodwin sands , lye the one off the other southeast and by east , and northwest and by west , and are distant 10. Leagues .

Item , the Souther head of the Goodwin and the point ar Douer , ●ye the one off the other southwest and northeast .

Item from Leistowe to Yarmouth , the course is north northwest and they are distant 2. leagues , and a southeast or north northwest Moone makes a full sea at Yarmouth .

Item from Yarmouth to Winterton , the course is north northwest , and they are distant 2. leagues .

From Winterton to the Shield is no direct course , but they are distant 9. leagues , & there an east or west Moone makes a full sea .

Item from the Sheild to Humber , the course is Northwest , and they are distant three kennings , & a west southwest moone in Humber maketh a full sea .

Item , from the Shields to Flamborough head , the course is Northwest , and they are distant 30. leagues .

Item , from Humber to Flamborough head the course is North and by west , and they are distant 12. leagues .

Item , from Flamborough head to Whitby , the course is northwest and by west and they are distant 10. leagues .

Item from Scarborough to Whitby , the course is north west , and they are distant 5. leagues .

And betweene Scarborowe and Whitby , lyeth Robin Hoods Bay , and a Southwest or a northeast moone makes a full sea there .

Item from Whitby to Hartlepoole the course is west northwest , and they are distant eight leagues .

Item , from Hartlepoole to Tinmouth , the course is north northwest , & they are distant nine leagues , & a southwest or a northwest Moone makes a full sea there .

Item , all alongst the North Coast of England , the floud comes in from by north .

Item from Robin Hoods Baye to Tinmouth or Newcastle , the course is northwest .

Item from the Naze of Norwaye to Skeutnesse , the course is Southeast and Northwest , and they are distant fiue kennings . And to know Skeutsnesse it is a plaine low land , and to the eastward of Skeutsnesse , there goeth in a deepe sound towards Berghen . And on the east side of the same sound , lies a high round rocke or Cliffe drie abou● water .

A note how you shall knowe Skeutsnesse .

SKeutnesse is a plaine lowe land , and to the the eastward of it dooth a sound runne into Berghen . And to the eastward of the said sound , lies a high round rocke or Cliffe , & is called the Bocke . And foure leagues to the southward of the same sound , lyes another round rocke or Cliffe in the sea & is called the west Stone , and between the west stone & the sound lies a little lowe Iland which is called the Whitings eye , and to the westward of Skeutsnesse 4. leagues in the sea lyes a little Iland which is called Whitskersen , and shewes as it were two little hilles , but it is not high .

Item , skeutnesse and Oldersound lye one from an other , north northwest , and south southeast , and are distant seauen kennings .

Item nine Leagues to the northward of Skeutsnesse lies a high round Cliffe which is called sicke , and to the Southward of it , dooth goe in the Bomwell , a little by north the Saltfoorde , and to the southward of the Saltfoord it is all lowe land , and to the northward is high land .

Item betweene Skeus●nesse and Oldersound , beeing a prettie way from the land , if you looke on it . It seemes as it were all broken land on the south side , and there are many sounds that goe in betwéene Skeutsnesse & Oldersound .

Item to knowe Oldersound , there is a high cliffe that lyes alone , and when you are a good way off to the northwards , it shewes like a saile to the southwards of you , and seeing it from the westward , it is round .

And from Oldersound to Kin it is foure leagues & they lie north & south : and betweene those two is a hauen but you must eyther goe into Oldersound , or into Kinsound , and a seaboord Kinsound , a goo● way from the land , are many high rockes , And to knowe Kin , there is a round drie rock● at the southwest end of Kinsound , that standes vp forked , like a Bishops miter and lies all alone .

Item from Kinsound to Oldersound is three Leagues , and they lie north and south , and betweene those two lies a high round sharpe Rocke , and there is no hauen betweene them .

Item , from Oldersound to Stade is eight leagues , and they lie northeast ; and south southwest .

Item you shall vnderstand , that betweene Oldersound and Stade , is a high land , and there you may saile all alongst by the shore , there are no out rockes , whereby you may take any hurt , for they are all in sight . And there is a good hauen in Oldersound , and by Kinsound is likewise a good hauen which is called Ulwatch .

Item from Stade to Flouare , or Herie , is foure leagues and they lie east northeast , and west southwest , and is all broken Cliffes betwixt .

Item , from Stade to Flo Godsche sound , the course is northeast , and S.w. & they are distant 7. leag . & Flo watch is a round Cliffe and lies alone , and the East end to looke vpon , seemes a little lower then the west end , and comming in from the southwards , or by the southwest end , there goeth in Flo , and it is a good hauen : & by west off that you shall goe into Giske , and that lies in east and West , and is a verie good hauen , and betweene Stade , and Go●ssanne , lyes a little Iland which is called the Swin , and is cleane ground to sayle about .

Now for to knowe Giske , it is a lowe plaine land , and there is church with a church yard on the land , and before it lies a blacke rocke , and two or thrée sonken rockes , wheron the sea doth commonly breake .

Item , when as you are three or foure leagues West in the sea of Giske , then dooth that land lie alongst northwest and southeast , almoste threescore and seauen leagues , and then more easterly .

Now sayling from Giske , you shall not of long come to any other land , but an Iland called Grip , then when you are thwart of Stames Heft , which lies on the maine land , for Grip lies a kenning off into the sea , and to the Southward of Grip is the best going in . And your course from Hellen is all easterlye , and then you shall see a high land , lying before you , & that is called Toster Poster . And when you come by the east land , run all Northeast in , so long till you haue a streame or a tide that meetes you , and you haue hauens on both sides of the land .

The courses to be kept in sayling on the Coast of Norway .

NOw hee that will saile in at the easter straite or entrie by the Naze of norway , then let him with an east winde saile in hard by the Naze , & let him take héede of the rock called the Bishopbodē , for that lies in the middest of the entrie , and lies aboue water . And when you shall bee within that sound where you shall ride in , there lyeth a bom● within the head of that land : anker behinde that where you will .

And if it be so , that you will goe in at the Easter straight , or entrie , then you shall beare in by Maren , and when you are a little within , there standes a little Warder which is a Beacon or marke before the entrie , which you may see thorowe the middest , and take heede of that shelf , and then goe on so in , and let fall your ancker .

Item , if you will saile in at the Scarsound , you shall knowe that land by the Cow and her Calfe , which is a broken land , and there lyes a rocke without which is called Mels , and there is an other which is called Sparuay , and then when you come further inwardes as far as the Hart , then you may saile betwéen the two Beames or marks , or else through betwéen the other shore and the two markes .

Item , if you will saile into Hesnesse , then keep you néere to the west shore , there lies a rocke which is called the Cognaile , take good héed of that And also there lyes yet an other which is called the Gray Hollome , you mu●t leaue that on your starboord side : there are two Beacons set vp , and when you haue brought those two in one , then are you euen thwart the Cognaile : and then as you come inwards , there lyes a Bome , which is a marke to take heed by , on the Larboord side : You shall knowe that land , by that it is a high land , and to the eastwards lyes the Drommelles , and you may well see the Church of Mardowe , and if the weather be such that you cannot fetch Mardowe , then you shal runne thrée leagues further into an other hauen , which is called Longe , there lyes a round drye rocke before it , and there stands as it were a Beacon with a Barrell on it , kéep well on that shore where the Barrell stands , and at the entring in on the starboord side , there is a hand which poynts you to holde off from that place : and also there is a Baye or Bome , which lyes in two fatham and ½ . you must take heed of that place .

Item , if it were so that you would sayle into Calfesound , then you shall hale in by a high lande which is called Winge , and there stands fiue Warlockes or Bemes vpon it , the middlemost is the highest , and is on the north shore , and if you come out of the Sound , you shall knowe that land by the Distill , and those are all out-rockes , and there where the fiue Warlocks or Beacons are vpon the shore where the middlemost is the highest , there you must kéepe something off from Distill , for it is not all cléere , and kéepe on so North , or rather to the westwardes , then to the eastwardes there abouts , for that shore is cleare of Rockes , and look that you run not vpon the Rockes which lie aboue water , behinde which you shall ride .

The courses and d●stances alongst the coast of Norway .

ITem , wederow and the Scaw doe lie the one of the other north and by west , and south and by east , and are distant thirteene leagues .

Item , from the Naze to Scarsound , the course is east , northeast , and they are distant foure leagues .

Item , from Scarsound to Flecorie , the course is east northeast and they are distant 5. leagues .

Item from Flecorie to Reeperwicke , the course is East northeast and they are distant two leagues and a halfe .

Item from Reeperwicke to Mardowe : the course is northeast , and they are distant 8. leagues .

Item from Mardow to Longsound , the course is north northeast , and they are distant 8. leagues .

Item from Longsound to Uerdrro , the course is Northeast , and they are distant 11. leagues .

Item , from the Naze of Norway to Uinesound it is a league , and Uinesound lyes in Northwest .

Item from Uinesound to Scarsound or Westersound , the course is northeast , and they are distant a league .

Item , from Scar sound , to Hellicksounde it is foure leagues .

Item , from Hellicksound to Fleccorie is a league , and then foorth two leagues to Woolfsound .

Item , from Woolfsound to Blindsound , it is a league , and to Hesines three leagues .

Item , from Hesines to Mardowe , and to Ostersound , three leagues .

Item , from Ostersound to Ioffer land , 3. leagues .

Item , from Ioffer land to Longsound it is a league , and likewise to Larwicke three leagues .

Item , from Larwicke to saint Uéert , a league .

Item , from Saint Ueert to Miles water , three leagues .

Item , from Miles Water to Uerdero , three leagues .

Item from Uerdero to Rost foure leagues , & from thence to Iacksound foure leagues .

Item , from Iacksound to Otturen a league , and Norder Wickholme a league .

Item , from Norder Wickholme to sonder Wickholm foure leagues .

Item , from the Uoort to Busher two leagues , and so foorth to Malesound a league .

Item from Malesound to Kirkesound a league , and then foorth to Malstrand three Leagues , & then foorth to Calfe sound ●oure Leagues , and there men goe into Koy , and so foorth .

From Calfe sound to Reffesand three leagues , & there they saile into Meluos .

Item from Reffesand to Westersound , behinde Ning foure leagues . From thence to Weesbergen it is three leagues . And from thence to the Col , sixteene leagues .

The going in by the Westergate , or entrye of Flecory .

ITem the wester gate or Wester entrye of Flecory dooth lie in North northeast , & the easter gate or entrie lies west northwest in And you must leaue the Iland , with al the great rocks on the larboord side , & keep within the white Holm , & leaue the little black● rocks on the larboord side , and there you shall haue eightéen fatham deepe , and before the easter gate entrie , you may see the Foxe .

Item a league to the Westwardes of the Hesnes there lies Hamersound , where are gray outrocks .

Item , halfe a league to the Eastwards of Hamersound lyes Kerkfort , and there stands two Beacons or warlocks vpon the blacke rockes , and the one standes on the Starboord side , and the other on the Larboord side . And first goe in northwards , and then after m●re easterly , and anker in thirtéene fatham : and towardes the west shore in the faire way , lyes a blinde rocke , which hath foure fatham at a full sea vpon it .

Item , halfe a league to the eastward of Kerkfort , lyes Hesnes and if you will goe in there , then kéep a good bredth off from the west shore , for there lyes a Rocke before it at the entrye , which is called the Cognaile , and there is another rocke called Gray Hollome : you shall leaue those on the starboord side , and there standes two Mastes set vp vppon it , and when you haue brought these two Mastes in one , then are you thwart of the Cognaile . And as you come inwards , there lyes a drye rocke on the Larboord side . And you shall knowe that land , for that it is a high land and the Drommelles are from you , north north-west , and to the westwards are gray rocks ▪ and to the eastwards are round rocks : and hard by the sea side there stands a white church , which you cannot see vnlesse you be hard by it .

Item , when the Drommelles lye northwest of you , then are you open of Mardow , and the east end of the vttermost Mainholme and that Iland , lyeth north and by west , and south and by east , and you must lye northwest in , if you wil goe cleere of them .

A league to the eastwards of Mardow● , lyes Ossenfort , and a league to the east wards of Ossenfort lyes Fuert : and when the Drommell●s lye west from you there lyeth Longe , and before it lyes a round rocke , and there stands a Beacon or marke vpon it with a Barrell , keepe you néere by the land whereon the Ba●rell stands . And there stands a hand to the Starboord side of the entrye , and that hand poyntes , that there lyes a blinde rocke , on which is but eleuen foote water .

Item , the west Stanffort , and the easter Risen , lye thrée leagues to the Westwards of Iofferland , and one of them goeth North in , and the other goeth west in .

Item , a little to the Westwards of Iofferland lyes the Kill .

Item , hee that will saile into the Kill , let him keepe the high hill that lies next vnto Iofferland , alone within the land to the west of Iofferland , and when you haue the Hill Northwest and by west from you , then you are open before the Kill . And vpon the West shore stands a Beacon , and it is a white point .

Item , betweene Iofferland and Langsound , doth lie Abbisuert , by great steepe rough rocks .

Hee that will saile into Langsound , hee must goe North Northeast in , from the easter out Scarre of Iofferland , and these great out Rockes of the Nesse , and then North northwest goeth with the high rough round Rocke , where the barres lyes before , so al is north north west in .

From Uerdro to Soenwater , the course is north and by west , and thence to Roge North north east , and if you will ancker by Roge by east , it is a shold sandy Bay . And you may likewise saile through betweene Roge and the Calfe . And if you will ancker vnder Fletto , then goe without the two small Rockes .

Item the course from Uerdero to Elffange is Northeast and by north , and that goeth within the out Rockes , which lie within the Sisters a seaboord Roge , and keeping so right against the land you shall see a great gray Rocke , leaue that on your Larboord side , and there within lye small Rockes , leaue those on the Starboord side , & goe about by the west shore , then are you right in the narrowest of the gate or entrie , and there is good ground to ancker in , & within it is flat and soft ground .

Item from Uerdero to the Graswicke within the Sisters , the course is northeast , and leaue the sharpe point on your Larboord side , there is good anckering , and within lyes a round Rocke , you may goe on eyther side of it , and to the northwards of that rocke , standes a great warleeke , & there is likewise good anckering , and roome for a great fleete of ships , which tarrie for a winde , and if you will goe in , then goe alongst by the west shore , and there within lyes likewise a round rock , leaue that on your stereboord side , and there you may ride if you will , and the first of the entrie lyes in northwards , and after about the Iland north northeast , and then north northwest in and about the west shore .

Item , a good way without the Sisters lyes a shippell which is likewise a good hard hauen .

Item , Malstrand lieth from the scawe East northeast , if you will saile in there , you shall see a great long Hill , keepe that same hill to the east northeast from you , and so you shall leaue the Pater Nosters on the Larboord side , and then you may see Malstrand lying before you where vpon the great Beacon or UUarlocke is standing .

Item eight leagues to the eastwardes of Malstrand lies UUinne , which is a long Rock , and is small to be knowne , for there lies at the end of it small Rocks , like as they were in three partes , and that lies east and west from the scawe .

Item , three leagues by east of UUinne , lyes Konsbacks and Malesound , and Nidinck , lying the one of the other Northeast and south west , and Malesound is a round Iland , and you may saile round about it at fiue , sixe , seauen or eight fatham . And west northwest from Malesound lyes a sonken rocke a small base shot from it : and then as farre from that lies another little Rocke in sight aboue water , and there standes a Warder or marke vppon it at the west northwest end . And further vpon the maine land standes two warders or markes , those are great ones , and stand vppon the sea side , either of them vppon an out rocke a little a sunder , and there goeth in a little hauen betweene the warders : & the same hauen lies east northeast from Malesound and alongst by the lowe point , you shall see Konsback lying northwards from you , and there it is verie shallowe , & you may wel passe through betweene Nidincke and the maine land , it is all faire ground there , and something shallowe .

Item , the Naze of Norway lies from the Scawe west and they are distant 32. leagues .

Item , Uerdero lies from the ●caw , North northwest and they are distant 13. leagues .

Item , Malestrand lies from the Scaw East northeast , and they are distant 13. leagues .

Nidincke lyes from Watersbergen southeast and they are distant fiue leagues .

Item Watersbergen lyes from the Cole south & by east , and they are distant twelue leagues .

Item , Watersbergen sheweth as though it were an out rocke , and the land to the eastwards from Watersbergen is all plaine whole land , and Werstwards it is altogether rockie .

Item Breto is a high round hill , and lyes by Malestrand and westwards from Breto lies a long high hill .

Item , when as Breto lies East northeast of you , then are you right before Malestrand .

Item , Nidincke is a lowe plaine out Rocke , and lies a league from the shore , and you may saile round about it .

Item , the Scawe Riffe and the Trendelles , lie the one from the other southeast and Northwest , and are distant 9. leagues .

Item , the Trendelles and Anold Riffe lye the one from the other southeast & by south , & Northwest and by North and are distant 11. leagues .

Item Anold Riffe and the Cole , lye one from the other , next hand southeast and northwest , and are distant twelue leagues .

Item the Trendelles lyes Northeast , something northerly from the Wend of Lesol●e , about thrée smal leagues from the shore , and lies alongst into the sea , hard by the Trendelles : it is foure fatham deep , and on the Trendele it it is but a fatham and a halfe , and within them it is fiue fatham deepe or there abouts .

Item the Scawe Riffe and the Trendelles , lye the one from the other southeast and northwest , and are distant 9 leagues .

Item , the Scawe and Watersbergen , lye one off an other East Southeast , and West northwest , and they are distant 16. leagues .

Item , when the Scaw beareth west and by south from you , and that you are a great league & more from the land , there you shall haue 37. fatham , come no nearer to the scaw in the night , then 13. or 14. fatham , and especially when you are come from the westwards .

Item when you are south southwest from the point of the Scawe , and that you are a great league from it , you shall haue ground there at 38. fatham .

Item , when you haue the Scawe Northwest , or thereabouts from you , and you are a league from the shore , then you shall haue 17 or 18. fatham .

Item betweene Anold and Waesbergen , it is in the channell 22. fatham deepe .

Item from Lesold to Waesberghen , the course is East , and when you are east from Lesold so farre as you can well see it off the Ships Hatches , then shall you haue no ground in 40. fatham .

Item betweene the Scawe and Lesolde it is twentye fatham deepe and soft ground , euen hard to the Coast of Norway .

Item betweene the Scaw and Lesolde is no hard ground , but that you haue about Yotland side , and that is hard sandy ground , and betweene Lesolde and Anold it is al hard ground .

Item , by Waesbergen lyes a Flat of seauenteene Fatham deepe .

Item from Flastenbrowe lyes a Flat of ●welue fatham deepe alongst to Brunt Holland .

Item , there lies a bank● betweene Anold and Cole of seauen fatham , and sometimes the streame runnes round● about and breakes vpon it .

Betweene Anold and Zeland lyes an Iland , which you may saile round about , and ride on any side of it , and the same lies hath by Zeland , & there lies out a riffe from it towardes Zeland , and towardes Zeland it is hard , and towardes Norway soft , and also there lies another riffe off it towards the Belt , and those banks are very steep too , and the Iland is called Sedero .

Item , Northeast and by north , of the norwest ende of the Cole , lies an Iland called Wede●or , hee that will ride within that Iland , let him anker against the white church at 7. fatham or thereabouts . It is there a flat soft-ground , you may saile round about it , Norwardes or southwardes whethr you will .

From Anold to Waesbergen , the course is Northwest and they are distant 9. leagues .

Item , when Anold is south southwest from you , there is the north ende deepe , and you may saile to the westward of the riffe 18 fatham all alongst to the sound . And if you come out of the sound with a scant winde , that you can not kéepe your course , or neere the land , then ye may ride vnder Anold .

Betweene Anold and Lesold is 7. fatham deep , and you may saile through that Saies into the Belt .

Under the North end of Anold you may ride at 10. or 11 fatham , and you must goe rowme of the riffe , for to goe further in .

He that will saile into Waesbergen , let him bring the vttermost Buy to the Northwards of the Castle , and so go on north northeast , and take good héed , for there lies a great Rocke , euen a little vnder the water , and you must leaue that on your starreboorde side , and run so in , till you come against the Castell , and come thereto an anker at foure fatham or there abouts .

Item , Lesold lyes alongst south and north , and on the south ende stands a long flat Church , and there lieth a riffe of a good halfe League , and you must sayle without that riffe in fiue or six fatham , for it is shallow , & beare Eastward off . And when you are out of the sound , you maye then boldly sayle on , and then you must beare out Eastward againe at fiue fatham , vntill you haue brought the south end to the westward of you , and then you shall haue there 7. fatham .

Item North and by east from Nidiucke , lyes an Ilande which is called Malesound , you may ride within that yland , for behind it li●s a good hauen , which is called Monstersond , and lyes North and north northeast in . And to the west northwestwardes , lyes a rocke about two or thrée bowshootes off And there standes a warder or Beacon vppon it , and you may saile round about these two Ilandes before named .

Item , about 12. leagues south west from the Naze , lyes a banke of 14. fatham deepe , and the ground is grosse red sand .

The courses from the Swine Eastward .

ITem note that Walgheren and Skentinesse , lye the one from the other , south and north , and are distant a hundred thirtie and eight leagues .

Item Walgheren and the Naze , lye the one from the other south and by west , and North and by east , and are distant 10 leagues .

Item the Naze and Borneriffe lye one from the other south and North , and are distant 9● leagues .

Item the Naze and the Frith lie the one from the other east northeast , and west southwest distant 108. leagues .

Item the Naze and the sands before Yarmouth lye the one from the other north northeast , and south southwest and are distant 112. leagues .

Item the Naze & the Holmes , lyeth one from the other Southeast and by south , and northwest and by north , and are distant 18. or 19. leagues .

Gotsgesand lyes from Walgheren northeast , a litle northerly and they are distant 16. leagues .

Holland lyes alongst north northeast , and south southwest , and he that will sayle from Gotsgesand without the Haeken , he must go north and by east , and it is from Gotsgesand to hacken 2● leagues .

Item , when a man comming out of the Sea doth fall with holland so as he may see the lande , he shall know it by two steeples which stand both vp●n one Churche whiche is called S. Albert● : and you may be bold to borough by that land in eight fatham , so that you keep your selfe as you may get off againe with a northwest winde , for that shore is flat farre of from the land .

From the Haethen to Borneriff , the course is northeast , and they are distant 12. leagues .

Wangeroge lyes from Borneriffe east northeast , and is distant from it 35. leagues .

Holy lande

Holy lande lyes from Wangeroge North and by east , and they are 9. leagues .

Item , the riffe lyes westward into the Sea f●om Yotland , and if ye bee in 20. Fatham of the riffe , then are you to the southwards of Naze 20. leagues off .

Bouenbergen lyes from Holy land North and by west , and is distant from it 51. leagues .

From Bouenbergen to the Holmes , the course is northeast , and the distance ten leagues .

Bouenbergen is a long flat hill , and on the south ende of it stands a st●eple , and to the northwards at the north end stands likewise a high steeple , and it is al high rough sand-hilles alongst towards the Holmes , & that shore lies north northeast alongst .

The riffe or sand lyes out betweene Bouenbergen and the Holmes west into the sea .

It●m , from the Holmes to Robs●ot , the course is northeast , and they are distant 8. leagues .

Item , at the west end of Robsnot , lies a bank of 12 or 13 fatham deep which lies 3. league a from the shore .

Item , your course from harts Hals● to the Scaw , is east northeast , and they are distant 8. leagues .

Item , Trendell and Scaghen riffe lye one from an other southeast and northwest , and are distant 8. leagues .

Item , from Robsnot , is foure Leagues to Harts Halse , and Harts Halse lies of it northeast and by east .

From Harts Halse to the Scaw is 8 leagues .

Item , the Scaw is a low sandy Land , and Lacklie is a high land , and when you come from by west , you may see it ouer the Scaw .

Item , the Scaw riffe lyes east northeast into the sea , a great halfe league .

Item , a great league to the northeastwardes from the west end of Lesold , lyes the grounds or flats of the Trendelles , and in some places they are not aboue a fatham and a halfe deepe .

Item , when you haue Leisold West from you , and that you may see it out of the waste of the ship , you shal haue no ground at 40. fatham .

Lessold is a plaine low Iland , and Anold is a ragg●d or knottie Iland , and the Riffe lyes a great way off .

The Cole is a high land , and shewes it selfe in thrée knobs .

How to saile from sundrie places to the Scawe .

ITem , he that is ●●ue leagues to the northwards of Callis and wil saile in at the 〈◊〉 , let him goe North northeast , something more north●●● 〈◊〉 h● come in twentie Fatham of the Riffe , which is an hundred and eighteene leagues off and the course is north 〈◊〉 and something easterlye to Holme , and then north and northeast to the Scaw .

From the Scawe 〈◊〉 , southeast and by east , and distant 8. leagues , and th●● 〈◊〉 to the east wardes of the Trendelles .

From Lesold to Anold southeast , distant 8. leagues .

From Anold ri●●e to the Cole , south southeast twelue leagues .

Item , when you haue the 〈◊〉 a great halfe League to the northeast of you , there it is ●5 . Fatham deepe or thereabout . And betweene 〈◊〉 C●le and Zeland it i● 14. or 15. Fatham deepe , and 〈◊〉 of veale● in the night any neerer Zeland then twelue fatham . And betweene Anold Riffe and the Cole , there is 20 and ●● fatham deepe .

Item , the South 〈◊〉 lies a good way within the Cole and when you will saile into the sound , then keep the castle of Elsenbrowe without the land , and then you can take no harme there .

Laysand lies something to the northward of Olsenure , on the west side of the sound , ●ome no neerer there then 7. fatham , and you may sayle in lesse .

Item the Cole and Elsenure lye fiue leagues asunder , and the course lyes from Draker , to Faste● borne Riffe south .

From Elsenure to Rerichol , the course is south and by east , and they are distant 5. leagues .

From Draker to Fasterborne riffe , the course is south and by west . And when you can not see betweene the Castell of Fasterborne and the rhurch ▪ then are you vpon the shal●owest of the riffe .

Item , Fasterborne and the Moones lye the one off the other , south and by west , and north and by east .

Item , betweene the Moones and Fasterborne , it is in the channell 15 or 16. fatham d●●●e or thereabouts .

Item , betweene Steeden and Fasterborne are twelue fatham deepe in the channel and by Fasterborne it is shallow , and by Stéeden it is thirteene or fourteene Fatham deepe .

Item , the Moones and Stéeden , lye the one from the other southeast and by south and Northwest and by north , and they are distant 3. great leagues .

Item , Fasterborne and I●smount ly● one from an other south east and northwest , and 〈◊〉 distant 16. leagues .

Item , Iasmount and Whitmount lye one of an other east southeast and west northw●st , and are distant 3. great leagues .

Item , Whitemount and Dorn●hes lye one off another south and by west , and north and by east , and are distant 4. leagues .

Item Iasmount and the Moones lye one from another southeast and by east , and northwest , and by west , and are distant 9 leagues .

Item , Whitmount and Brenth●llom lye one from an other , southwest and bywest , and northeast , and by east , and are distant 19. leagues .

Item , Bronthollom and Bl●ckside lye one of another east and by north , and West and by south , and are distant 9. leagues .

The courses to Misloude and Gripewood .

ITem , the course from Fasterborne to Iasmount lyes southeast , and they are distant 16. leagues .

Item from Iasmount to Peert , the course is south southeast , and the distance is 3. great leagues .

Item , from the Péert too the newe Déepe , the course is south and westerly , and the distance is 3. leagues .

Item , he that will ride by Whitmount , he may sayle into the Wicke as farre as he will , for it is there all faire ground : when as you are a long league from the shore , in 14 or 15. Fatham , there is all good fast ground , and there you are defended from a Northwest , or North Norwest winde , but at 7.8 . or 9. fatham towards the land it is all foule stony groued .

Item , if you do ancker at Iasmo●nt very néere to it it is stony ground , but if you do ancker at 14. fatham , there it is good chackie or claie ground .

The courses through the flats or grounds which are in the sounds .

FYrst , for the course through the grounds or flats , from Fasterborne riffe to Drakor , you must saile North & by east , and hard by Drakor it is 5. fatham déepe , and a litle off there abouts is the shallowest of that deepe , and there lyes the second Tunne or Buy . Kasperkury lyes in 6. Fatham or thereabouts , & hard by it , it is 7. or 8. fatham deepe .

Nowe , the Markes for too bring the Castell at Copenpen hauen , and the sharpe stéeple in one & go directly North and by west to the middle Tunne or Buy according as the winde or streame do serue , you maye well lie off and on vnder the Cotholme . The middle marke is the Southerliest Mill by South Copen hauen .

Then foorth to the thi●d Tunne or Buye , the course is North northwest and there lies a high hillocke , by West of other three hillockes , that b●ing ●●●ught by North the towne , next to Copen hauen , there you shall haue ten or eleuen fat●am . And then going foorth north and by east to Elsenure , there you shall haue , ●tr●ight as soon● as you are past the buy , 7.8 . or 9. fatham .

The course from E●senure to Draker .

THe right course from Elsenure , to th● grounds or stat● , thwart Copen hauen and Draker is south and by east , & the distanc● is 8. leagues .

Then foorth from Draker to Steeden , the course is South & by west , the distance fiue leagues . And betweene Steeden and Fasterborne , it is 10 or 11. fatham deep , and by Steeden you haue deep water .

Item , the Moones and Steeden lyes Southeast and by south , and northeast and by north , distant foure leagues .

Item , in the channell betweene the Moones & Fastenbrowit is 15. or 16. fatham deep .

Item , the Moones and I●smount lye one of another , southeast and by east , and northwest and by west , and are distant nine leagues .

Item , Iasmount and Whitmount lye one off an other East southeast , and West northwest , and are distant thrée leagues .

Item Whitmount and Dorrembos lye one from an other southwest and by west , and northeast and by east , and are distant 4. leagues .

Item , Whitmount and Bronthollem , lye the one from the other northeast and byeast , and southwest and bywest , and are distant 12 leagues .

The courses from Fasterborne to Danske .

FYrst , from Fasterborne to Bront Hollom , the course is East and by south , and they are distant 21. leagues , and Bront Hollom lies alongst east southeast .

Item your course from Bront Hollom to Recoll , is east and by north , and the distance 24. leagues .

Item , the course from the Recoll to the Rose head , is east northeast , and they are distant 16. leagues .

Item , from the Rose-head to Externes , the course is east southeast , and they are distant foure leagues .

Item , from Externes to Uernoord , the course is southeast and they are distant one league .

Item from the ●●rnoord to the Heele is south southeast & they are distant one league .

Item the course from the Heele to the Wissell , is south and by west , and they are distant fiue leagues .

Item , from the Nierinck of Danske to the Memell , the land lies alongst northeast , and south southwest .

Item Lobsted is a Castle , and standes vpon a high hill , and lies three leagues to the eastwards of Quinshorowe & there is likewise a Mill by it .

Item the land of Lobsted dooth lie along to Dermemble north northeast , and south southwest , and they are distant the one from the other 25. leagues .

Item from Dermemble to Seuenbergen , the land lyes north north west , and south southeast , & they are distant twelue leagues .

Item , from Seuenbergen to Leserort , the land lieth north and by east , and south and by west , and they are distant 11. leagues .

Item , Dermemble and Leserort , are distant twentie-two leagues .

The courses and distances alongst the coast of Pomerland .

IN primis , from the Rose head to Seruenis head , it is four● leagues , & from thence to Wolnesacke other 4 leagues , and then so Lida a league , and at Lida is but fiue foote water .

And then from Lida to the Recoll , you haue 7. leagues and from Recoll to Granshood foure leagues , and then forwards is a deepe bay into Iasmount .

Item , from Granshood to Siuolde , is three leagues , and there comes out a small Riuer which is called Wiper .

Item , from Riuoold to Colbergen is 9 , Leagues , and there comes likewise a small riuer out .

Item , Colbergen and Iasmount lye East and west , the one from the other , and are distant 19. leagues .

Item , the course betweene Iasmount and Granshood is east northeast and west south west .

Item , the coast of Pomerland lyes alongst west Southwest , and east northeast .

The courses to saile to Reuell .

ITem from Fosterbo●ne Riffe , to goe by the North side of Bronthollome the course is east , and to the Northwards and are distant 20. leagues .

Item , from Bronthollome to goe to the southwardes of the Goteland , the course is northeast , and they are distant 47. leagues .

Item from Howbrough in Goteland , to Easter Gore , the course is Northeast and something to the Northwards and they are distant 14. leagues .

Item , from Easter Gore to Dagerort the course is northeast northerlye , and they are distant 37. leagues , then from Dagerort to Sipiernes it is 7. leagues northeast & by east .

But take deepe of Sipernes . And then your course from Sipernes to UUodhollome , is likewise northeast & by east and they are distant 9. leagues .

Item , UUodhollome is a little lowe Iland , and lyes two leagues from the maine land .

Item , from Wodhollom to Roge the course is east northeast , and rather more easterly , & they are distant 6 leagues .

Item from Roge to Nargen , the course is east northeast rather to the eastwards , and they are distant sixe leagues , and you must haue Nargen on your Larboord side .

Item , from Naruen to the Buye , you must goe east a great league , and ynu shall haue Buye on your steareboord side ,

Item , you must goe from the Buye to Reuell south , and something to the east wards , and they are three leagues distant .

How Dagerort is knowne .

THe b●st knowledge is this : the gouernors of r●uel haue made a high Tower or steeple ▪ vpon Dagerort without any church to it ,

Item Dagerort and Hontsord lye the one from the other south southeast , and north northwest , and are distant eight leagues .

Item , between Dagerort and Hontsord is a great gulfe or bay , and the same is called Hondeswicke .

The courses from Dagerort to Derwinda .

THe course from Dagerort to Derwinda , is north and by west , and south and by east , and they are distant 14. leagues .

Item , from Derwinda to Seuenberghen , the land lies alongst south by and by west , and north and by east , and they are distant 32. leagues .

The course from the Rose-head to Derwinda .

DErwinda is a Castle , and there are three small Towers vppon it , one standes in the middle of the Castle and that is the highest , and the Castle standes in Coreland .

Item the course from the Rosehead to Derwinda , is Northeast and by north , and they are distant threescore and three leagues .

The thwart courses from Coreland to Goteland .

FIrst Derwinda and Eastergore lye one from another East and West , and they are distant eight and twentie leagues .

Item , Derwinda and Howbrough which is the southwest end of Goteland , lye one from an other East northeast , and West Southwest , and they are distant 44. leagues .

Item , the southwest end of Goteland and the Heele , lye one from another South and North , and are distant nine and fortie leagues .

The course from the Rose-head to Quinsbrow .

THe course from the Rose-head to Quinsbrowe , is east and by south , and they are distant 18. leagues .

Item the Heele and the UUissell of Danske , lye the one from the other South and by west , and North and by East and are distant 5. leagues .

The course from Bronthollom to Rie .

ITem the course from Bronthollome to Derwinda is Northeast and by ●ast , and they are distant 77. leagues .

Leserort . Derwinda . Bacouen .

Item , the course from Derwinda to Leserort is Northeast and by north , and they are distant 4. leagues .

〈◊〉

Item , the course from Leserort to Domesnes , is East northeast , and the distance 13. leagues .

Item and if you doe not sound , it is dangerous on Corland side , therfore you must goe the way by your lead . And take good heede of Oessell side , for that is stony ground .

Item , you may borrow by Leserort in 4.5 . or 6. fatham without danger , and the ground is red sand , and when you come to 13. or 14. fatham , then goe northeast & by east with Domesnes .

Item , the course from Domesnes to Rye is southeast , and something more easterly , and the distance 21. leagues .

Item , betweene Coreland and Oessell , it is 15 or 16. fatham déepe . And thwart of the church of Oessel lyes a riffe two leagues off from the shore , and the same riffe is called Swalueroort , you must take heed you come no neerer that riffe then seauen Fatham .

Item betweene Domesnes and Oessell it is 20. fatham and is fast or hard ground .

Item hee that will ride vnder Oessell for a Westerlye winde , let him beare in till he come in seauen Fatham or thereabout , and there hee shall haue good cleane ground and good Ankerholde . And yee shall keepe the Church of Oessell halfe a league from you , west and by north or therabouts . And there you shall bee well for a we●t southwest winde . And the point of Oessel by west the church wheron the houses stand , that shall bear● w●st from you . And the Riffe lies thwart off from the church two leagues , south & by west into the sea , and in some places it is drie nigh to the land . Take heede therefore you come no neerer the out side of that riffe then 8. fatham , for it is verie vne●en ground and stony . And when you are at anker in the roade at Oessel , then haue you the point of Domesnes , southest from you or thereabout , and distant three great leagues .

Also the land alongst from Derwinda to the Seuenbergen lyes south and by west , and north and by east , & they are distant 11. leagues .

The thwart course● of Domesnes , Round , and Oes●ell .

ITem Domesnes is a a Riffe , and lieth a great League from the land East Northeast into the sea , from the point .

Item , Domesnes and Round lie one from an other east and by north , and West and by south , and are distant right leagues .

Item , Round and Ambroke lie the one from the other north west and by west , and southeast and by east , and are distant 8. leagues . And Ambroke is a little Iland , and lies a league from Oessell and the ground about it is foule stony ground .

Also the Round and Rie lye one off another , southeast and northwest , and are distant 16. leagues .

Also Round is an Iland , & is in compasse a great league about , and you may saile round about it without danger , keeping you in fiue fatham and a halfe .

Also hee that wil ride by the northeast point of Round : let him anker against the Chappel in 5. Fath. it is al clean ground there . And on the west southwest side of Round , it is a faire flat land .

Now followeth the course from Round to 〈◊〉 .

FIrst , from Round to Kin , the course is ●ast northeast , and they are distant 22. leagues .

Also from Kinne to Serkhollome , and from thence to Parno , the course is northwe●● and by north , and the distance ●ight leagues , an● Parno lyes in the Baye of Ryes bottome .

Item , Kin , Serkhollome , and Magno , are thrée Ilands , and these you must leaue all on larboordside , when you saile into Parno , & at Pa●no stan●es a sharpe steeple .

Also Kin is a lower ragge● Iland , about two leagues of length , and there is f●ule ground about it .

Item , it is broad betweene Corela●d and Kinne , four● leagues .

Also Coreland 〈◊〉 is a g●od faite shore , and betweene Corland and Kinne it is 10. fatham deepe , and betweene Serkhollom and Corland is fiue fatham deepe , and betweene that and Parno , now and then lesse water : to wit , 4. fatham and three fatham .

Parno and Ry● doe lie the one from the other south an● by west , and north and by east , and they are distant nineteene leagues .

Item , the deapth at Parno ●s one fatham & a quarter .

Nowe you must take heede that by night you come no neerer to Domesnes , then 15. fatham , and hard by the vttermoste parte of the Riffe it is 17. fatham deep , and at the vttermoste partes of Domesnes and Round , it is 24. fatham deepe .

Also Domesnes and round lye the one from the other east and by north , and west and by south , distant eight leagues .

The course● bac●e againe from Reuell to D●gerort .

IN primis , from Nargen to Sipernesse , the course is west ●outhwest , and something more southerlye , and they are dis●ant 21. leagues .

Item , the course from Sipernesse to Dageroort , is southeast and by south , and they are distant 6. leagues .

Item , the course from Dagerort to Eastergor , is southwest and they are distant 19. leagues . And Eastergor , lies by the south side of Gotland neere the midst of it , or rathe● neerest toward the east end . Gotland is a good roade for such as are bound either eastward or Westward , you may saue in all places round about that Iland .

Item , from Eastergor to Bron●hollom , ●our course is southwest , and they are distant 6. leagues .

Item , Westergore lye● in the Northside of Gotland by Wesbuy .

The course that is to be kept in saylin● from Dagerort , to go about by the North part of Gotland to Bronthollom .

FIrst the course from Dageroort to Gotsgesand , is southwest and by west , and ●om●what westerly , & they are distant 25. leagues .

Item , from Gotsgesand to Karelse your course is southwest and by south , and they are dis●ant 28 , leagues .

Item , from Karelse to the south point of Yolland your course is south southwest , and they are distant eight and twentie leagues .

Item , the course from the southermost point of Yolland to Bronthollom , is southwest , & something more southerly , and they are distant 19. leagues . And from that south point of Yolland , lieth out a Riffe into the sea , a little league from the shore .

Item , it is from Reuell to Narghen 4. leagues .

Item , from Narghen to Surpeis 1. league .

Item , from Surpe to Roge is three leagues .

Item , from Roge to Woodhollom , is 4. great leagues .

Woodhollom is a little lowe Iland , and lies a league and a halfe from the maine land .

Item from Woodhollom to Sipernesse it is 8. leagues .

Sipernesse is a high land , and there lyeth out a Riffe from the land halfe a league into the Sea , and on the east side it is flat , but on the west side it is deepe , and is a sandy ground .

The course from Dagerort about by the north side of Goteland .

FRom Dagerort to Gotsgesand , the course is southwest and by west and they are distant 24. leagues .

Gotsgesand is a little Iland and full of trees , and there is no h●bitation vpon it , and there you may choose your made where you will vnder the land , for it is all cleane ground and faire white sand round about that Iland . It lyes north northeast from the ●astermoste point of Goteland which is called Fero , about 4. leagues off .

Item , there lies a Riffe of sand out from that point of Fero , a great league from the land , and the same Riffe is called Salue Ontein● , and it is all shingle stones , and lies out from the land North and by east into the sea .

Item the point of Fero and Eastergore doe lye the one from the other south and by west southerlye , and north and by east northerly , and are distant 9. leagues .

The deapthes and soundings about Goteland and Yolland .

BE●weene Goteland and Yolland is verie vncertaine ●ound●ng , for in some place you shall haue 33. Fatham and in some other place twenty two fatham , & the ground blacke gritty stones , and sometime stones as great as peason which are blacke and earthie ▪ and sometime you shall haue 19. fatham and all blacke stony gro●nd .

And when the souther Norden beareth West off f●om you , and that you are three Leagues or thereabouts from the land , there you shall haue hard ground , and 28 , or 29 fatham deepe .

Item , when as you are two leagues to the westwardes of Eastergore , and three leagues or thereabouts from the land , you shall haue rough ground , and one and thirtie fatham deepe .

Also when you are Northwest , or Northwest and by north from Howbrough , which is the southwest point of Goteland three leagues from the shore , you shall haue grosse Grauelye Sand , mingled with some blacke stones as great as beanes .

Also when the Chappell of Souther Norden dooth lye North Northwest , or more Northerlye from you a league from the shore , you shall haue there thirtéene fatham deepe .

Also when you are North Northeast , or thereaboute● from Howbrough 6 leagues from the Land , you shal hau● fifteen● Fatham , and ●●onie ground . And when you are Southwest of Howbrough , two leagues from the land , you shall haue twentie two Fatham , and likewise grosse stonie ground .

Item , when Souther Norden beareth West Northwest from you , and you are two Leagues off in the Sea , you shall haue there one and thirtie fatham , and hard stony ground .

Also when you are past souther Norden , and are in the faire way about Clippen , there you shall haue hard Slymish ground , and 39. fatham deepe .

Also from Karelse to the South end of Yolland , your course is south southwest , and they are distant seauen and twenty Leagues .

Item , the course from the South end of Yolland to Bronthollom is southwest and by south and they are distant 18 , leagues .

Item , Yolland is 18. or 19. leagues long , and a great League broade , and vppon Yolland all the steeples are flat and Yollands south coast lyes alongst North and by east and south and by west .

Item , from the south point of Yolland , there lies out a shrord stony riffe , which is called Souther Norden , and lies out a league from the shore .

Also by west Yolland goeth in Cormersound , and that way you may saile to Stoke holme , and by east Yolland it is foule stony ground .

Also seauen leagues from Yolland West southwest , lyes an Iland which is called Clippen , you may saile round about that Iland , and it lyes north northeast from Bronthollom , and is distant 16. leagues .

Item , Bronthollom and the Iland called Hanno , lye the one from the other , south & by west , & north and by east , and they are distant 11. leagues . Hanno is a high round Iland , & you may ride there if you wil , and the land lyes from Hanno to Blacksit south southwest .

Also the Castle of Bronthollome and the Earthollome , lye the one from the other west and by south , and east and by north , and are distant 3. leagues .

Item , the Earthollome and the south end of Bronthollom , doe lie the one from the other South and by east , and north & by west , and are distant 3. great leagues . And in the Earthollom there goeth in a little sound ▪ which is foure fatham deepe . This Iland is two great leagues from Bronthollom .

Item , southwest and by south from Bronthollom , nine or ten leagues off from the shore , lyes a Riffe called the Browers Riffe , which is a banke , and there is fiue fatham vpon it , and it lies alongst southeast and northwest .

Also you may saile round about Bronthollom without danger , keeping 12. fatham .

A note for riding vnder Gotel●nd .

FIrst you shall vnderstand that great K●rle and little Karle are two small high rockie Ilands which do● lye v●r●e neere the one to the other , and they lie to ●he North●wards of the wes● parte of Goteland hard by it : and ●or such as are bound westwardes , is a good roade vnder litt●● Karle which lyes next vnto Goteland , and all is cleane ground round about . But great Karle is not cleane ground neither on the northwest side , nor southeast side .

Item , betweene great Karle and little Karle , it is 13. or 14. fatham deepe .

Item , Karlesse and Wisbuy lye the one from the other northeast and southwest , and are distant 7. leagues .

Item , betweene Karlesse and Wisbuys lyes Westergore .

Item take heede you come not any nearer great Karle on the other side of it , than 11. or 12. fatham .

Item whosoeuer will saile into Eastergore , comming from by west , let him passe by the first point and beare in to the other steepe point , and anker there in 7. or 8. fatham there you shall haue cleane ground , and betweene the Iland and the Maineland it is 11. fatham deepe , and 16. ●atham hard by the land .

Item a little league by west Eastergore lyes likewise a good hauen and it is called Sandwicke , and there standes a Chappell hard by the shore side , and fiue leagues from thence to the westwards lies another hauen which is called Nerwicke , and is fiue fatham deepe , and so likewise other more , as Buiswige , & Heilicholme , and Farasound , and the Iland of Eastergore , and doe lie the one off the other south and by west , and north and by east , and are distant 9. or 10. leagues .

Item , betweene Howbrough and Eastergore , lyes a bancke of 24. fatham , grosse red stony sand , and from that banke you cannot see the land of Goteland out of the top . And you haue also to the Eastw●rd thereby , an other banke of thirteene or fourteene fatham , and the ground is gray or whitish sand , and when ●ou are ouer that , you shal not haue ground at fortie f●tham .

The courses from Earthollom to Derwinda .

ITem the course from Earthollom to Dermemel is east northeast and they are distant 63. leagues .

Item ▪ when the Rosehead beareth southeast from you , and that you are foure leagues from it , you shall haue there twentie sixe fatham , and the ground red stones like the riffe sand .

Item when the Rose-head lies south southeast of you , being a league from it , there you shall finde fourteene or fifteene fatham , and it is white sandy ground .

Item , the Rose-head and Goteland lye one from an other south and North , and are distant 38 leagues .

Item , if you come from Bronthollom being bound for Danske , and haue 30. fatham deepe , you shall scant see the land out of the top , and the land is great white sand .

Item , when the Rose-he●d beares south southeast from you , then it seemes like a saddle with two Hillocks .

Item , when the Rose-head beareth south sout●west of you , and that you are a little leagu● off , there the g●ound is grosse white sand , and yee shall haue about 30. fatham deepe .

Item , when as the Rose-head beareth West from you , and that you are a small le●gue from the L●nd , there you shall haue small white sand , and 15. or 16. fatham deepe .

Item when you are bet●eene the Rose head and the Heele , and the East of the Heele , about halfe a league f●om the land there you shall finde 33. fatham and a white sandy ground .

And before the Heele in the roade , you shall haue 25. f●tham deepe , and blacke sandy ground .

Groundes and Deapthes .

ITem , the bank that is at the easter end , lying northwe●● from the Rocke , and the wester end of the banke that lyes northwest from Haerlem , hath a sweche in the middest of the banke , in which is 12.14.16 . or 17. fatham , and when you are at the broadest , there is 14. fatham , and then you haue the Flie east southeast from you .

The deapth and ground thwart of Ameland .

FIrst at 20. fatham ye shal haue grosse red sand mingled with some black sand , and shelly . And to the southward of that in 15. fatham , there you shal haue small sand with shelles . And for the space of the running of 4. or 5. glasses , continually ye shall haue 16. Fatham , and the ground all small sand , and that is the banke or flats of Ameland .

Item , in 24. or 26. fathom North from the Skellings , there you shall haue fine white sand .

Item , vpon the Riffe from three and thirtie fatham to foure and twentie . And from three and twentie to sixe and twentie fatham , the ground is all white sand , and continueth so till the last end of foure and twentie fatham , and twentie Fatham . And from twentie to seauenteen fatham is all grosse stony sand : and that is about Bortkum , and where white shelles are mingled withall , and is thwart of the Skellings .

Item , at 18. fatham of the Skellings , the ground is white sand mingled with blacke sand .

Item , the ground thwart of the Flye Iland is whit● sand , and mingled with some redde Sand , and redd● shelles .

Item , at 18. fatham by the east end of the Skeilinges , the ground is fine white sand mingled with blacke séedes , and small long white thinges like Needeles .

Item , about North northeast from the Neas , there lies a sholde of fourteene fatham , and the ground is grosse red sand , there wee lay at drift three houres , or there about● and it was still to the southwards , and then wee came to foure and twentie fatham , and the ground was grosse stony sand .

Certaine notes set downe by the Author , what his Ship did runne at sundrye times .

ITem , I haue sailed from Bronthollom to Goteland in 18. houres .

And from thence to Derwinda , in seauenteene houres , hauing a fresh continuall winde , and the Shippe being in her ballast .

Item , Earthollom and the West end of Bronthollom , lye one from another west and by south , and east and by north , and are distant three leagues .

Item , the Castle at Bronthollom and the Bleckeside , lye the one off the other , southeast and northwest .

Item , I haue sailed out of the Flee ouer the Riffe in 28 houres , hauing a mightie and continuing winde , the ship being in her ballast .

Item , I haue sailed from Bronthollom to Domesnesse , within 4. houres with a stout gale a fore winde .

Item , I haue likewise sailed within ten houres from Bronthollom to Yotland , hauing a continuall fresh gale of winde .

Item , I haue sailed from Bronthollome to Gotelande , within foure and twentie houres , and from Goteland to Derwinda in seauenteene houres , bearing as much saile as the Ship was able to carrie .

Item , I haue sailed out off the south Perdris by Rochel to Bellille in foure and twentie houres , with a reasonable gale of winde .

Item , hauing a verie great gale of winde I haue sailed from the Fourne to the I le of Wight in 33. houres .

It●m , I haue sailed out of the Hoofden to the Scaw in 33 , hou●●s hauing a fresh coole of winde , which carried vs w●ll in the running of three glasses two leagues 1/● . and I h●ue sailed to the Riffe of Scaghen in 17. houres , and was as much as the ship could beare vp , and this was the third day of Iuly . 1574. with a laden ship .

The same third day of Iuly , I sailed on foorth from the Scawe to thwart of the Trendelles in 3. houres .

Item : I haue with a fresh through bearing winde sailed from Flushing to Callis in ten houres .

Item I haue sailed from the Hoofden to the Scawe , in three daies carrying as much saile as the Ship was able to ●eare , and in three daies and three nights to the Nase , which was euerie glasse a league .

Item , I haue sailed from Friburch out of the Elue to Rochell in fiue daies , & wee were two nights in the north sea , & two nights betweene the Hoofden and the Fourne , and a night betweene the Keyser or race and Rochel , with a mightie continuall winde , as much as mast and Tackle were able to beare .

Item with a fresh through bearing winde I haue sailed from easter Penmarke to Bellille in 8. houres .

Item with such a like winde , I haue sailed from Bellille to Use in 6. houres .

Item I haue sailed hauing a continuall great gale of winde , out of the race of Fountanie to Saint Martins Iland , in twentie foure houres .

Item , I haue sailed from the south Peeretrees to Bellille in foure and twenty houres , with a reasonable gale of winde .

Item with a reasonable bearing gale , I haue sailed from Bellille to Use in 10 houres .

Also with such like weather I haue sail●● from Bellille to the Toper in 7. houres .

Also I haue sailed from Saint Martins Iland to Use , in 7. houres hauing a great coole of winde .

Item , with such a like winde I haue sailed from Bellille ●o Penmarke in 9. houres .

Item , I haue sailed out of the race of Fountany to Use in 22 , houres , hauing but a reasonable gale of winde and fa●re weather .

Item I haue sailed from the Fourne thwart of Portland with an easie gale of winde in 24. houres .

Also I haue with a good reasonable winde , sayled from the Needles in the I le of Wight , to Saint Powles in 28. houres .

Also I haue sailed from the Fourne , to thwart of the I le of Wight in 33. houres , hauing a continuall fresh gale of winde .

Also I haue sailed from Beachie to Wight in 10. houres and foorth to Portland in 7. houres .

Also I haue with a fresh winde sailed from the Hage to thwart of Dunkirk in 18. houres , and foorthwith to the Hooffeden in 4. houres .

Also I haue sailed from the Hage to the Hooffeden in 23. houres , which was with a mightie gale of winde , as much as mast and tackle could beare .

And I haue sailed with a fresh large winde , from Nargen to Woodhollome in 9. houres .

Also with a like winde I haue sailed from Nargen to Dagerort in 17. houres .

Also in the running of 28. glasses , I did saile from Banges riffe to Scaghen .

Also I haue with a reasonable gale of winde sailed from the Peertrees to Bellille in 24. houres .

Item , I haue with a resonable gale of winde sayled from Bronthollom to Fosterborne Riffe in 9. houres .

Item I haue sailed from Elsenore to the Scawe in 20. houres , hauing but a reasonable gale of winde .

Item Dagerort and Huntsfort lye the one from the other north northwest , and south southeast , and are distant 8. leagues .

The course through the Belt , & these leagues are to bee counted for Wekerses .

FIrst from the Trauen to Femeren it is 9. leagues and without to goe about to Stabuy it is 10. leagues , and the course is northeast and by north .

Item Stabuy is two leagues in l●ngth , and the cours● is northwest .

Item from Stabuy to Langland , it is 5. leagues and the course is west northwest , & against the south end of Langland , there lies a shallow within halfe a League of Langland , you may saile betweene them both .

Item Langland is sixe leagues long , and the course is north a little to the eastwards .

Item from Langland to Siroe it is 3. long leagues , and the course is northwest and by north .

Item from Siroe to Rins is three leagues , and the course is northwest and by north .

Item from Rins to Sessions is fiue leagues and the course is north and by west .

Item , from Sissiones to Siroe is 4. leagues , and the course is north northeast . And directly ouer agains● Siroe lies an Yland , which is called Wedero , from thence lyeth out a Riffe or bancke , a great halfe league from Siroe , and you may passe through betweene Siroe and the same riffe or banke .

Item , from Siroe to Steuenshot is sixe good leagues , and the course is north northwest .

Item from Steuenshot to the Sea Buy , it is 10. great leagues , and the course is north and by west .

When you are verie nigh vnto the land , you haue on Larboord side the grounds of Yotland , on which is 4. or 5 fatham , but you may not come any nearer to them . And on your starboord lyes the Riffe of Lesold , you may come within 5. or 6. fatham to that riffe , but in the right channel is 10. or 11.

Item , when as you shall saile off from Steuens , & that you will saile ouer the sweetring , toward the Dwaell groundes , the course is north northeast 14 leagues , and then when you are come so farre , that you can see the high land behinde seabuy , then bring that high land which lyeth behinde Seabuy , so far northerly of you , that Seabuy may beare north northwest , & so shew it selfe cleere without the said high land .

And then saile on north northwest , and you shall haue fast ground , and if you haue then 8.9 . or 10. Fatham deep , then are you in the right channell .

Item from Seabuye to the Scawe is 6. great leagues , and the course is north and by east : and on your Larboord lyes a little Iland which is called the Helmes , you must take heede of that Iland .

How to saile from the Scawe through the Belt .

●he scawe

Item , the Riffe stretches out East Northeast from the Scawe , about a great league from the Land , and you may well saile by it in 14. houres .

Item , from the Scawe to the Helmes , the course is South and by west , and they are distant 4. leagues , and in the right channell is 14. or 15. fatham , and the more to the eastwards so alway is the deeper water .

Also from the Holmes to Seabuy , the course is south & by west , and they are distant 4. leagues , and against seabuy there lies the Dwaell grounds alongst by the shore , and lie about halfe a league off from the land , and you may saile by those Dwael ground● keeping at 7.8.9.10.11 . or 12. fatham . For in the maine channel is 10.11 . or 12. fatham deepe , and is fast ground .

And when the ●owne of Seabuy beareth west from you , then are you right against the Dwaell grounds , and East and by south from Seabuy , there lyes the Iland of Lesol● about three leagues off , and then leaue two third partes of the water to Lesold wardes .

Lesolde

Also there lyeth a Riffe west off from Lesolde about a league from the land : and when you haue the Church of Lesold east from you , then are you right against the R●ffe .

Also when you shall saile through the Dwaell groundes to Steuens Hoofe , the course is south southwest , but and if you will leaue Steuens Hoofe on your Larboord side , then saile south and by east , and there in the right Channell is sixe or seauen fatham , and soft flat ground which is called Sweetring , and you may boldely come on that side of Steuens Hoofe at fiue fatham . But when you are within Steuens Hoofe , then you shal haue deeper water , to wit 11.12 . or 13. fatham and hard ground . And the further you are off from Steuens Hooffe East wards , the deeper water ye s●all haue .

Also , about 3. leagues to the southwardes of Steuens Hooft , lyes a little towne called Orund buye and alongst that runs a quick sand or landloose ground , which is called blacke ground , and lies about halfe a league from the land .

Item , the course from Steuens Hooft to Siro lies south southeast , and they are distant 8. leag . And Helmes ( which is a little Iland ) lies off from Steuens Hooft about south and by west & they are distant 4. leagues . And in the right Channell betweene Steuens Hooft and Siro it is 11.12 . or 13. fatham deepe and is hard ground

And note , that in the right course east southeast from Helme , lyes a quicke sand ground , which is called Hattes Riffe , and it is not past 4.5 . or 6. fatham vpon it , but when you are past that , then thencefoorth to Siro , you haue 12 or 13. fatham deepe , and fast ground .

And this quicke sand lyes on the east side of the faire way , & east southeast from this shold lies an Iland which is called Haslow , which lies so far off that you can but euen see it , and you may saile through betweene Haslow & Zeland alongst to the sound , and about west from Siro lyes a little Iland which is called Wedero , and there lieth out a Riffe that stretches to within halfe a league of Siro , and you may saile through betweene Siro and that Riffe , and you must leaue two third partes of the way towards the west land ( that is to say , on that side the Wedero is in , ) and the other third parte of the water on Siroes side , but come no neerer then two third parts of the way or more , which leaue on Wederoes side , to wit , on the west side , & the Riffe lieth off from Wedero about east , and in the right channel it is 12. or 13. fatham deepe .

Item , the course from Siro to Ruffenes , is south southwest and they are distant 4. leagues . And there lies a fl●t off from Ruffenes , and runs southwest off a little , halfe a league from the shore , and take heede you come no neerer there then 10 fatham .

Item , the course f●om Ruffenes to Roems , is South southeast & they are distant 4. leagu . And there lieth a flat off from Roems , east southeast , about a third parte of a league , you may ride behinde that for a Northeast winde , and for a north & northwest winde , but you may not saile about by the westwards of Roems : hard by south of Roems lyes a little towne which is called Cartmune .

Item , from Roems to Siro the course is south southeast & they are distant 4. leag . And from the southend there lieth out a small Riffe northeast off about a quarter of a league , and Neborke lyeth west southwest from Siro , & Neborke lyes in Uaneuan side . And there lies a little Iland west southwest from Siro about 3. leagues distant , and is called Uresselles , and there lies a Riffe off , & you must passe through betweene the Riffe of Siro , and the Riffe of Uresselles And that Riffe lieth northwest and by north from the Uressel , and there lies a shold on the east southeast side of the channell .

Then from Siro to Langland , the course is southeast & they are distant 4. leagues . And about west and by south of that , there lies ● little Iland , ( which is called Olmes , ) and about 3. leagues from the North end of Langland to the northwards , & there lies a Riffe northeast from Langland , about a third part of a league off . And Langland is 7. leagues long , and lies alongst south and north . And to the east southeastwards of Langland , lyes an Iland called Laland , and from the south end of Laland , there stretches out a Riffe or banke West Southwestwards about halfe a league from the shore , and to the southeast or east southeastwards , there is a shallow water , as fiue , sixe , or seauen fatham .

Item , from Laland to Femeren the course is east south east , and they are 5. leagues distant .

Item , from thwart off Roborgherhert and Femeren , the course lies west southwest .

Item from Femeren to the Trauen , the course lies south southwest , and they are distant 13. leagues .

Item for to knowe the markes of Lalands Riffe . First there standes a high steeple on Laland , which standes in the towne of Nascow , when as you haue that steeple east & halfe a point to the northwards off you , then shall you sée two little round Hillocks , seeming as though it were two Fishers boates , when as you haue brought those two Hillokes , and the said steeple in one , then you are neere the Riffe of Laland .

The course from the Moones to Lubecke .

FIrst from the Moones to Ghestro Riffe , the course is south southwest , & they are distant two kennings . Ghestro Riffe is a flat , & is a great league from Ghestro , & Rostick , and the Riffe lie one off another south and north , and are distant 9. leagues .

Item , the course from Ghestro Riffe to the the Trauen , is southwest & they are distant 3. kennings . Missond and Rosti●ke are distant 7. leagues by land .

Rosticke and Wismer are distant 8. leagues by land , & Wismer and Lubecke are distant 8. leagues by land .

Item in the channell sayling to Lubecke it is 14.15 . or 16. fatham deepe .

How to saile into Wismer deepe .

TO saile in at the deepe of Wismer , which goeth in by the east side , you must haue the steeple which standes on the southland to the southwards of you , & saile in so till you haue brought the steeple which stands on the West land , neere to the moste easterlye house of those fiue or sixe houses which stand there , and by those houses standes a tuffe of Trees togeather from the East land , and there lies out a small Riffe , that stretches off from the Eastland Nort●west and by north , and when you haue brought those stéeples that stand vppon the Eastland , & those houses in one , then goe south southeast in , and in that deep you shall haue 14. foote water . And in the Sommer there are two tuns or Buyes lying : the one lies on the taile of the Riffe , and the other on the shallowe ground , and you may saile through betweene them .

Heere followeth farther of Wismer deepe .

ITem , to saile into Wismer deepe , when you come from by east , then beare southwest in with the west shore , till you haue brought the sharpe steeple of Wismer , and the point of the east shore in one . And then hale in southeast and keepe the steeple vnder the land , and there you shall haue shallow water off 4. or 5. fatham deepe , and the verie sholdest is but 3. fatham , and when you come at 3. fatham then you shall haue the point or corner of the west shore west and by south from you , and after that three Fatham , you sh●ll haue againe now and then three Fatham and lesse , but doubt not , but trust to your course , and to the before written marks .

The Flouds and Ebbes from Callis in Andolozia , to Hambrough .

FIrst at Calis Malis a south southwest moone makes a full sea .

Item , at Saint Lucas a Southwest Moone makes a full Sea .

Item , you haue the like tide from thence to Lisbone .

Item , all the Coast of Spaine , and Gascoine , Poitowe and Brittaine to Fonteny , it floweth a southwest and northeast Moone .

Item , in the Riuer of Burdeux a southwest and by west moone makes a full sea .

Item , a southwest and by west moone makes a full sea in the race of Fonteny .

At Saint Mathewes a southwest and by west Moone .

At Fourne a West southwest moone makes a high water .

At Aberwracke a west southwest , and an east northeast moone makes a full sea .

Item , in the sea before saint Poules , an east northeast moone makes a full sea , and within the Hauen of Roscow a west southwest moone .

Item , two leagues without Ushant an east or West moone makes a full Sea , and the same tide keepes on to Saint Poules .

Item . 9. Leagues without saint Poules it floweth west northwest .

Item in the Roade at Garnesey , a west and by south moone makes a high water .

Item from Garnesey to the Kaskets it floweth Northwest .

Item 6. or 7. leagues without Garnesey it floweth a northwest and by North moone .

Betweene the Kaskets and Portland alongst the coast a northwest and by north moone makes a full sea , and seauen or eight leagues off the land , a northw . moone makes a full sea .

Item , at Sillie , an east or west moone , and in Falmouth an east and by north moone makes a full sea , and without in the sea an east and by south moone .

In Plimmouth and Dartmouth , an east and by North moone makes a ful sea , and without in the sea , an east S. east moone : alongst to Portland and within Portland , an east southeast moone , and in the Rase southeast , and foure Leagues a seaboord , it floweth a south southeast moone .

Item , at Needles in Wight , a southeast and by south moone . And at S. Ellens a southeast Moone , and at the east end of Wight , and without in the Sea , a south and by east moone makes a full sea .

Item , at Beachie a south moone , and without a south southwest moone makes a full sea .

In the Camer a south and by east moone , and in the Downes a south southwest moone . And without vpon th● north Coast of England east southeast the floud comes from by north .

The Tides of the Coast of Flaunders .

ANd vpon Flaunders Coast , a south and north moone makes a ful sea at the shore and in the Hauens , and without in the fayre way a Southwest and Northeast Moone .

Item in Zealand a southwest moone makes a full sea .

Item , a southwest and by South moone makes a ful sea before the Mase , and within , a south southwest Moone makes a ful sea .

Item , in the Marsedeepe , an east or west moone makes a full sea .

Item , at the Flee , a southeast and northwest Moone .

Item , before the wester and easter Cames , a southeast and northwest moone makes a full Sea .

Item , before the Weeser and before the Elue , and before Ankewsen a south or north moone makes a full Sea .

Item , at Hambrough , it Floweth at an east or west moone .

Item , a Southwest and a northeast moon makes a high water at Amsterdan .

The Tides seruing specially for the Coast of England .

THe Moone south or north on the landes end full Sea .

The Moone south and by east , at the Gore end , full sea .

The moone south southwest betweene Holy Iland and Tinmouth full sea .

It floweth betweene Tinmouth & Flambroughhead , a southwest and northeast moone .

It floweth betweene Flambrough-head and Bridlington in the Bay , a southwest and by west moone .

The moone in the west southwest betweene Bridlington and Laurenas full sea .

It floweth betweene Laurenas and Cromer , all along the well an east and west moone .

It floweth betweene Cromer and Yarmouth roade to Layslow north roade , a southeast moone .

It floweth betweene Laistow roade and Orfordnes , a southeast and by south moone .

It floweth betweene Orford & Orewell waues a south southeast moone .

It floweth betweene the Naes and the ware head of Colne , a south and by east moone .

It floweth at the Spittes , and at the Scaw , & al alongst the Swinne , a south moone .

At the west ende of the Nore , a south and by west moone full sea .

It floweth at Graues-end a south southwest moone .

It floweth at London bridge a south west moone .

It floweth at the Northland , a south southeast moone , & so alongst the Coast till you come to Beachy : and in the Offing from the north Forland to the south Forland , it runneth halfe tide . And from the south Forland to the Naes to Fairely , it runneth halfe tide . And from fairely to Beche , it runneth quarter tide vnder other .

It floweth to the westward of Beche a kenning , a southeast and by south moone .

It floweth at Portesmouth , a south and by east moone .

It floweth at S. Elins a south southeast moon● .

It floweth on the sea side of the Iland , a southeast and by south moone , and so on the Land , & at the Needles , and runneth qu●rter tide in the Offing .

It floweth at Poole in the hauen , a south east moone .

It floweth at Waymouth , an east and west moone .

It floweth at Portland , a southeast moone .

It floweth from the west part of Portland til you come vnto Plimmouth an east and west moone .

It floweth on the shore from Plimmouth to the Lizard , a west and by south moone , and in the Offing a southeast moone .

It floweth at Mount Bay , an east and west moone .

It floweth at Selly : a west and by south moone .

It floweth at the Lands end of Goolfe : a west southwest moone .

It floweth all alongst the Coast vp to Bristow , and the coast of Ireland from Waterfoord to Kinsale , a west and by south moone .

Furthermore it floweth ( for the moste part ) from the Poole head of Burdeaur , all alongst ●he Coast of Biskey , Ga●iza , Portingale , til you come to the straights of Maliga , a southwest and northeast moone .

It floweth at Flushing a southwest and by south moon

It floweth at Antwerpe an east and west Moone .

It floweth all alongst the Coast of Flaunders from the Wildings to Callis , a south & by east moone : and so runneth halfe tide vnder the other . It wil flow a point of the Compas●e more in the Spring tides then in the neap .

Now heere is one special thing to bee noted , and that is this : it floweth o●e point of the Compasse more in the Spring streames , then it dooth in any of the quarters of the moone , ( so that it bee a riuer where there is any indraft hauing distance from the sea ) when there is neither rage of windes , nor any cause either to hinder or further the said effect .

As for example , thus : it floweth at Grauesend at the change of the moone or full , a south south west moone , Tides in a riuer that hath any distance vnto the Sea . but in anie of the quarters of the Moone , it scant floweth , a south and by west moone : and this is generall for euer .

The markes to goe by the east , and of the Flee hard aboord the shore .

ITem your markes to goe into the Souther sea , by the East end of the Flee , being to the Westwards of it , you shall see two beacons , which stand on the east ende of the Flee , you must keepe them both togeather , vntil you come within 4. or 5. fatham of maine , and then you shal haue sight of the first Buy , which ye must goe withal : and being at the first Buye , you shall goe in alongst by the shore with the second , in three Fatham , for it is not much deeper in that channell : you may leaue the Buy on which side ye will And as you drawe neare to the east end of the Flee , you shal come to 7.8 . or 9. fatham , but take heede you come not too néere the Flée , for it is there as you Looffe in verie steepe : therefore you must giue the point a prettye b●arth , going vp in 4. or ● . Fatham , vntill you come to the Buy which you shall see to the south southwestwards of you , wh●ch you must leaue on your La●boord side , and so goe vp alongst by the Flée , vntill the Beacons begin to come together , where you may anker in 4.5 . or 6. fatham , as you thinke best .

The markes to goe in at the West gate by the Flee Iland or Skelling .

IF ye come out of the Sea , & meane to goe in at the wester Gate by the Skelling , you shall see a Beacon stand vpon the West end of the Skelling , hard by the Tower , you must runne in with the maine , kéeping the Beacons of the Flee together , vntill you see the foresaid Beacon and Tower in one , and thus you shal finde the first buy , which you must goe in by , & so goe in from it vntil ye come to the other , your least water in this deepe will be 3. fatham , and thus going in from Buy to Buy , you shall come into the norther gate , and then you may go vp in that deep by those Buyes , your course is then south and by west , next hand .

The going in at the Norther gate .

IF you come out of the sea , & wil go in at the norther gate , looke for a great Beacon the standeth vppon the west end of the Skelling , to the Eastwards of the tower by the sea side , and thus hauing the Beacon & the Tower together , you shal finde the first Buye of this Gate which lies in 3 fatham at the least . Leaue it on your Starboord side , & goe next hand south in with the next Buye , leauing it on your larboord side : to the next goe in south and by west , & leaue that also on your Larboord side : with the fourth Buye goe south southwest .

How to goe in with the wester Eames .

COmming out of the sea , to go in for the wester Eames , if you wil look out for the first Buy , you shal sée it when you haue brought the Bosse south southeast of you , the second buye lies from the Bosse south and by east , the third Buye is from that south : the fourth is south & by west : and these Buyes doe lie east and by south , and west and by north one off another , and by this you may knowe what Buy you goe in withall .

The courses from Hedland to Hedland about Island .

ITem from Ynge to Marchant Foreland , the course is west Afteene leagues , & between them is the Buye called Portland Buye , and a league to the westwardes of Ynge is an Iland called Ynge Iland , & lieth not a league from the maine .

Item , from Marchant Foreland to Westmonie , the course is west and by north 12. leagues , and to the northwestwardes of Westmonie is a Bay , wherein is a Harborough called Oribag , and to the Eastwardes of Westmony lyes two Ilands , the one called Risbell , and the other the Scatter , and they lie not two leagues from that hau●n , and to the southwards of Westmony there lieth also three or foure Ilands called the Gant Ilands , and the vt●ermoste of them lieth 4. leagues of the maine .

Item , from Westmony to the Roock the course is west northwest , 16 , leagues , and three leagues to the eastwards of the Roock is a hauen called Genswick , and at the point of the Roock lyeth two Ilands , called the Ganet Ilands , and they lie three leagues off the Roock , to the west southwestwards .

Item , from the Roock to Snoffall foote , the course is north northwest twelue Leagues , and betweene them is Hamford Baye , in the which goeth in two soundes , the one is Hamford and the other is called Keblewicke , and in the south part of the Bay , is Rossimers Nesse , & the north part is Snaffa● foot , Rosimers Nesse , and the northwards of the Roock fiue leagues , and Botsum Hauen is to the northwards of the Roock three leagues .

Item , from Snoffall foot to faire Foreland , the course is north 11. leagues , and betweene them is a great Baye called Snoffall Bay , and 3. leagues to the northeastward of Snoffall foot in the Bay , is a hauen called Gamlike .

Item , from Faire Foreland to Kettle Bay point , the course is northeast 16. leagues distant , and between them in the Baye are these soundes , the next to the Foreland is called Lousie Bay , and is there three leagues off , and to the northeast of it is Anderffer , and the next Dereffer , next Northe●ffer , then Pigges Holl , and Soundiffer , which is a sound that is two leagues ouer : in that sound is a good harbrowe called Scottelffer , and an Iland called Blunt Iland .

Item , from Kettlebaye to the Rag , the course is Northeast and by east sixe leagues distant , and betweene them are these Baies , First Kettle Baye , then Floudon Baye , next Wolffe Bay , and then the rag Bay .

Item , from the Ragge to sound riall point , the course is east northeast 20. leagues , and betwixt them are these Baies and sounds , there is a Bay sixe leagues to the eastwards of the Rag called Orgen Bay , and the easter point of that Bay is called the Orgen point and that is the west point of a sound called Langerdall , and within that sound is a Harborough called Stingarffer , and the east point of Langerdall is called Shell Nesse , and it is betwixt both pointes eight leagues , and to the eastwards of Shel Nesse is a sound called Calkerffer , & in the mouth of that sound there are two Ilands , the one is called the Barnard & the other the Scate .

Item , from sound Riall point to Simbernesse , the course is east northeast ten leagues , and off the mouth of sound Riall lies an Iland called Gremsie , next sound Riall is flat and Flatstrand Bay , next is Oxenfer , and it is betwixt it and Simbernesse 25. leagues .

Item from Simbernesse to Langnesse , the course is east & by north 12. leagues , and betwixt them is a blacke bay .

Item , from Watlingfer point to sillie , the course is southwest 20. leagues distant , & betwixt them is Strond Bay and Watlingfer .

Item , from Watlingfer point to Sillie , the course is southwest 15. leagues , and these are betweene them . First Rose bay , next Southerfer , and then Red-cliffe , next sillie and in the mouth of Sillie is an Iland called Sillie .

Item from Sillie to the Horne , the course is west southwest 30. leagues off & betweene them is first Dofhouse , Rocke Baye , Prie Bay , Gooderwick , ne●t Pappe Iland which lieth a league from the shore , and off Doshouse lies a Rocke fiue Leagues off the shore , called the Whales backe .

Item from the Horne to Ynge , the course is West and by south sixe leagues , and betweene them is Ynge Bay .

Breefe Notes of Saint Georges Channell .

NOw first from S. Denis head in Wales , to the Calfe of Mamis is 37. leagues , & at S. Denis head it floweth east & West halfe tide , & at the I le of man it floweth southeast , and the floud runneth to the Northeast wardes .

Item , from the Calfe of Man to the moulde of Galloy , the course is north & by E. & they are 12. leagues distant .

Item from the Mould of Galloy , to the mould of Kinter , the course is N. northwest , & they are distant 20. leagues .

Item the mould of Kinter and the sound of Ellye , lye the one from the other north northwest , and south south east , and are distant 12. leagues .

Item , the Mould of Kinter and Carles I le lyeth south and north , distant sixe leagues , and it floweth there northeast .

Item betwixt Caraway and Cormeck I le , it is fiue leagues .

Item , betweene Cormecke and Dentram fiue leagues and it floweth there southwest and by west .

Item , betweene Dentram and the sound of Ellie it is sixe leagues .

Item , between the small sound and Dowret it is foure leagues , and it floweth there west south west .

Item , betweene Dowret and Lasternel is two leagues .

Item , b●tweene Lasternell and Albermorick , is foure leagues and it floweth there east and west .

Item , from the mould of Kinter , all the sound alongst , vntill ye come to the Lough against Abermorick , the floud runneth to the northwards , and f●om the great Lo●gh to the northwards , the ebbe sets out West and th● floud east , till ye come to the sound of Moule .

Item , from Abe●moricke to Rowre Remory the course is east south east two leagues .

Item , from Rowbrie Demorye , to Kittles Croffe , the course is north northest 14. leagues , and it floweth there east and by south .

Item , betweene the Kittles and Macknelles Castle , is two leagues , and it floweth a seaboord Macknelles Castle a Northwest and by west Moone , and the floud runneth there to the Northwestwards , and the ebbe to the southeast .

Item , from Macknelles castle to seale Iland , the course is west northwest , and they are distant two leagues , and there is a verie good roade in the east southeast side of the Seale Iland .

Item , from Seale Iland to Rowre , is tenne leagues , and the course is North and South , there the floud runneth to the southwards , till you come to the northwardes of Lohcarim , and it floweth there northwest .

Item , from Rowbrie to Faire head , the course is north and by east thirtie leagues , there the floud runneth alongst the Coast to the Northwards , and the ebbe to the Southwards .

Item , Faire head and Holborne head , or Catnesse , lye East Northeast sixe leagues distant , and there it floweth a southeast and Northwest Moone , and the floud sets to the nothwards .

Heere followeth the course from Woods Hollom vp to the Narue .

ITem , from Woods Hollom to the I le of Nargen ▪ the course is east northeast sixe Leagues , and rhere lyes a Rocke east northeast from it two leagues off . At this Iland ye may see Reuel steeple east southeast from it , about ten or twelue miles .

Item , from the I le of Nargen , to the I le Hogland on Finland side , the course is east northeast 26. leagues , and from Nargen ouer to Finland side , it is not past 8. or nine leagues , and all the said coast of Finland , is full of rockes and dangers .

Item , from the I le of Hogland to the Ile Tuto , the course is southeast 4. leagues , and with that course ye shal goe to the westwards of Tuto .

Item from Tuto to the Narue , the course is southeast and by east 8. leagues , but in going from Tuto to the Naruewardes , ye must hale southest , or southeast and by south to goe cleere of the sholdes on Rufland side , the Latitude of the Narue is 60. degrees and 10. minutes .

Item , from the Narue roade the land lyeth west , vntil ye come as fa●re as Reuell , it is a faire Coast to saile by , and better passing by it then by Finland side , or by Hogland except the winde be northerlye .

Item , there is an Iland west 12. leagues from the Narue , called Earthollom . The said Ile is 2. miles from the main , there is good roade about it . Also there is an other Iland betweene Earthollom and the Narue roade , that is but 8. leagues west from the Narue , and there is a good road about it , there is the castle of Keysor●w by it , and on the Northside of it is a great ledge of Rockes called the wrangles , they lie in the middest of the Sound , therfore beware of them .

A briefe way to shift the Sunne and Moone by memory .

First , ye haue to consider , that although the moone haue prorperly but 29. daies 12. houres and 44. minutes from Coniunction to Coniunction , yet in shifting the Sunne & Moone for knowing the tides , it shall not bee hurtfull to giue her 30. daies iust , onely to auoide fractions , or broken numbers in the vse therof , for so small is the error that groweth thereby , that it is not to be accompted in any one tide , to bee any annoyance to the Mariner .

Further , you haue to note that the 32. pointes of the Compasse containe in this vse 24. houres of times , so that euerie point is iust ¼ of an houre . or 45. mi. and euery 24. howers the Sun and Moone depart the one from the other 48. minutes which is iust a point and 3. minutes more . And being 48. houres or two daies old , they are two points and 6. minu apart , and after this manner for euerie day of her age ye must ad to their aper●iment 1. point and 3. mi. vntill she come to the full or 25. d●ies olde . And also yee shall note , that from the change to the full she riseth by day and hath her hornes to the eastwards : and from the full to the change hath her hornes to the westwards , so that alwaies her hornes are turned from the Sunne , and also at the ful shee is directly against the Sunne as appeareth by the figure following on the other side .

And likewise ye shall note , the continually at the instant of the ful , the moone riseth at the present time , that the Sun goeth down in the a a This is to be vnderstood when the moone hath no Latitude , but is iust vnder the Ecliptick line , for otherwise when the M. hath her greatest N. or So. Latit . she wil differ for the moste parte more then half a point and sometimes an wholepoint & more f●om the Suns oposit point in such places as bee f●rre towards the North or South . opposit or contrary point , & therfore those that hold opinion that the moon alwaies riseth at the quart . at 12. of the clocke at noone , & at the full at 6. of the clocke at night , they are much deceaued . For if the sunne set at 4. of the clock in winter , he goeth neere the southwest and by west , the moone being then at the ful in Canc. must needs rise at northeast & by east , at the same present houre that the sun setteth . And as many are deceaued in this point , so are there also many mistaken , and oftentimes greatlye anoyed in an other point , & that are those the vse in going with any bard harbrough , shold , or land , to set the moone by the compasse , to know the time of the ●ull sea in any place , and this is surely a dang●rous practise . For if the moone be in north signes as in Gemini or Cancer , & that he seeke the full sea on the East , or East Southeast , then by setting the Moone by the compasse , to know the ful sea he may misse almost 2. houres of his tide , and thereby come to a great annoyance , and knoweth not how nor by what meanes it chanceth . Therefore let euerie man that shal stand in néed of this rule , practise the vse therof by memory , which is more commendable then Tables , but if their capacities serue them not to do it by head , then I wish them to vse rather such tables as are extant for that purpose , vntill they are otherwise able to doe it by memory . For as the Compasse lying in all places horizontally , is imperfect to shewe the true apertiment of the Sun●e & moone in the Zodiack , so likewise by the imperfection , the compasse is at no time a t●ue diall to shew the houre of the day , except for the instant time of the midday , or directly vnder the Poles of the Worlde , where the Equinoctiall is in the horizon , or els in the Equinoct . pointes , except the flee of the compasse be lifted vp a● the Equinoct ▪ is eleu●ted in the Lat. where the obseruation is made . And this is moste found in summer time , when the Sun is in north Agnes , as in Cancer or Gemini , at which time it is almost ● . of the clocke , before the sunne come to the east point of the compasse , yet it is commonlye counted with many , that an east Sun by the Compasse is alwaie● 9. of the clock in the mo●ning , & a west Sunne to be 6. of the clocke ●fter noon , and so consequently for all the other pointes o● the compasse . But all this error commeth by the Horizontall lying of the Flee of the Compasse as I before hath said . And because the imperfection of the compasse is caus● of the error in reckoning the tides , by setting ●he 〈◊〉 it by the eye , the●fore I wish no man to vse it to the par●●se bu● to reckon their appertiment by memory or by tables as I haue before said . And further héere is to be ●oted that the common compasse being sette ½ a point to the eastwar●● of the true meridien of any place , as some Compa●ses are almost● a whole point , then I say by that Compa●se where the North point so varieth from the true meridian of the place , so much shal it be vncertaine to finde out the ●oure of mid-day or noon , yet many makes not obseruation of the Sunnes meridian Altitude , vntil he be at S. by this da●ted compasse , & then is the Sun past the iust●nt of the meridian , and his Altitude some what decreased .

And the more the Compasse is varied to the eastwards , the more shal the Sun● altitude be decreased when he is come to that point , And as the south of the compasse ●oth make difference from the true Merid. in the Horizon , so doth all the other pointes in like proportion from their propper place . And as the varying compasse is the onely impediment heereof● , so is it likewise being varied imperfect to know the appertiment of the Sunne and Moone by the point shewed in the Horizon . Therfore for the easier vnderstanding of the willing learne● . I haue heereafter set downe in plaine sort a Compasse Fi●e , & the manner how to knowe the appertiment by memorie : how many points and minutes the Sunne and Moone shall be apart , for euerie particular day of her age .

The order of your compasse , that is to know your points both with the Sunne , and against the Sunne , beginning at the north point , as heereafter followeth .

NOrth , north & by east , north northeast , northeast and by , north Northeast , northeast and by east , east north East , east and by north , East ▪ east and by south , east southeast : southeast & by east , southeast , southeast and by south , south southeast , south and by east South , south & by west , south southwest , southwest and by south , southwest , southwest and by west , west southwest , west and by south , west , west and by north , west northwest , northwest & by west , northwest , northwest & by north , north northwest , north and by west , north .

Thus it is said with the Sunne , and as heere ●●lloweth against the Sun : north , north & by west , north northwest , and so foorth contrarie wise .

And thus must you learne to say your Compasse , bo●h with the Sunne and against the Sunne .

Now when you haue learned your compasse with the Sun , and against the Sunne perfectly , you shal learne to bring 32 to 24 , as heareafter followeth .

Heere is mentioned before , your Compasse wherein are 32. pointes , also you haue to euerie point 45. minutes and to your 32 : pointes are 24. houres , and to your 24. houres there are 1440. minu . also your , 32 , points are not an hower apeece , for they lacke 15. minutes a peece , of an hower . Also you shall take out of your 32 , points 8 , points , so there resteth behinde 24 , pointes , which 24 , pointes must bee brought into 24 houres , you haue mentioned heere before your Compasse , wherin are 32 pointes . Also you haue héer mencioned your 24 points , & also your 8 points . Now for to bring your 24 pointes to 24. houres , you haue to euerie one of your 24 pointes , 45. minu . a peece , and so they lacke 15. minutes a peece of an houre . Now for to make the 24. pointes 24. houres you haue 8. points which you did take out of your 32. pointes : also these 8. pointes must be parted into 24. parts to make the 14. points 24. hou . Also you haue to euerie one of your 24. points 45. min. the which 45. min. is three quarters of an houre . Also you haue to euerie one of your 8 , pointes 45. min. a peece , & to your eight pointes there is 6. hou . & to your 6. hour . there is 18. score min. these 18. score min. must be parted into 24 , partes , and to euerie part 15. min. And when your 18. score min. are parted giue to euerie one of your ●4 . pointes 15 minut , and that shall make euerie point an houre , for 45 min. & 15. minut . makes threescore minutes , and threescore minutes are an houre , and so your 24. pointes are 24. houres . So that 8. points , make the 24. pointes 24. houres . and 32. pointes 24. houres . And so giuing to euery 4 pointes 3. houres through your whole compasse , in your 32. pointes 24. houres , and you haue to the 24. houres 1440. minut● , and this is called th● bringing of your thirtie two pointes to 24. houres , and your 32. is twentie foure .

This rule of bri●ging 32. to 24. or any other number of pointes , giuen to the number of houres contained in them , may eastlyer be performed thus :

As 3. is to 4. so is the number of the points giuen to the number of houres contained in them . Therefore multiply the pointes giuen by 3. and deui●e the Product by 4. for so the quotient shall be , the houres sought for .

As for Example .

If you would know how many houres 13. points of the Compasse will make , multiply 13. by 3. the Product shall bee 39. which being deuided by 4. the quotient giueth you 9 houres and three quarters .

Particular notes from the change to the full , to knowe how many pointes and minutes the Sunne and Moone are apart , during which time , the Moone seemeth by the course of the diurnall motion to be behinde the Sunne : neuerthelesse by her proper motion in the Zodiacke , being swifter then the Sunne , she goeth continually before him , vntill the instant of the next coniunction or change .

FIrst at 1. day old , the Sunne and Moone are one point and 3. minutes a sunder , and the Moone to bee behind● the sunne to the eastwardes ▪ and so vnto the full .

At 2. daies old , they are 2. pointes and 6. minutes a sunder .

At 3. daies old , they are 3. pointes and 9. minutes a sunder .

At 4. daies old , they are 4. pointes and 12. minut . a sunder

At 5. daies old , they are 5. points and 15. minutes a sunder .

At 6. daies old , they are 6. points and 18. minutes a sunder .

At 7. daies old , they are 7. points and 21 minutes a sunder .

At 8. daies old they are 8. points and 24. minutes a sunder .

At 9. daies old , they are 9. points and 27. minutes a sunder .

At 10. daies old , they are 10. pointes and 30. min a sunder .

At 11 daies old , they are 11. pointes and 33. min. a sunder .

At 12. daies old , they are 12. pointes and 36. min. a sunder .

At 13. daies old , they are 13. pointes and 39. min. a sunder .

At 14. daies old , they are 14. pointes and 42. min a sunder .

At 15. daies old , they are 16. pointes and iust a sunder , the one directly against the other , and then is the moone at the ful , vntil which time ye must reckon the moone alwaies to be so many pointes behinde the Sunne , as is aboue expressed .

The apertiment of the Sun & Moone , from the ful vntill the change : in al which time the Moone is to bee reckoned before the Sunn● .

ITtem , at 16 daies old , the Sun & Moone are 14 points and 42. minutes a sunder , the Moone seeming to be before the Sunne to the westwards .

At 17. daies old , they are 13. pointes , and 39. minutes a sunder ,

At 18. daies old , they are 12. points and 36. minut a sunder

At 19. daies old , they are 11. pointes and 33. minu a sunder

At 20. daies old , they are 10. points and 30. minu . a sunder

At 21. daies old , they are 9. points and 27. minuts a sunder .

At 22. daies old , they are 8. points and 24. minuts a sunder .

At 23. daies old , they are 7. points and 21. minuts a sunder .

At 24. daies old they are 6. points and 18. minuts a sunder .

At 25. daies old , they are 5. points and 15. minuts a sunder .

At 26. daies old , they are 4. pointes and 12. min. a sunder .

At 27. daies old , they are 3. pointes and 9. minut . a sunder .

At 28. daies old , they are 2. pointes and 6. minu . a sunder .

At 29. daies old , they are 1. pointe and 3. minut . a sunder .

At 30. daies is the Coniunction of the Sunne & Moone .

Now when you knowe by these Rules before shewed , how many pointes the Sunne and Moone are apart , and whether she be before or behinde the Sunne , then is it easily knowne by the course of the Sunne , the houre & min. when the Moone shall come vpon anye point of the compasse , w●ere ye desire to know the houre of the full sea , according to her age , as hereafter followeth to make it plain by example .

An Example .

WHen the Moone is 10. daies old , I desire to know● at what houre the commeth to the south southeast to make full Sea at Callis , or in any other place where it floweth on that point●● say then 10 daies of her age sheweth her to bee 10. pointes , and three times ten minutes from the sunne and behinde him . Now for seeking of the houre of the full sea , the Moone being at south southeast , you must reckon the Sunne to be 10. pointes , and 30. min. before her to the westwardes , which falleth on the west point , and 30. minutes to the Northwards . And therefore the Sunne being on that point , and 30. minutes to the northwards of the west , I say the full Sea shall be at sixe of the clock and 30 minutes at Callis , and in all other places where a south southeast Moone makes a full sea .

Another Example .

WHen the Moone is 18 , daies old , being before the Su●ne , I desire to knowe the houre of the ful sea , where an east moone makes a ●igh water , I consider that the M. being but 18. daies old , there is yet 12. daies of her age to come which sheweth the Moone to be 12. pointes , & ●6 . min. from the Sunne , and before him , the Moone then being at the east & the Sunne must be 12 points & 36. mi. behinde her , which is at northwest & 36. min : to the westwards . So the full sea where it floweth east or west , & the Moone 18. dai●s old shal be at 8 of the clocke 24. minutes . And that by this computation is easily found in all places , and vpon euerie point of the Compasse , the time of the full sea or high water , the age of the moone being knowne as is before declared .

H●w to knowe the houre of the night by the Gwards , by knowing on what point of the Compasse they shal be at midnight , euery fifteenth day thorow out the whole yeere .

FIrst you must vnderstand , for the certaine knowing of the points of the compas , that North is alwaies to be vnderstod , directly ouer or aboue the North starre , and south vnder east , as you behold the starre to the right hand wards , and West to the left hand , the gwards seeme to go against about the sun lattrallye comming from East to north , and from north to west , and from thence to the South , and so ●ound euerie thrée moneths of the yeare , occupying one quarter of the Compasse as followeth .

Ianuary , Februa●ie , and March , occupie the Northeast quarter .

Aprill , May , Iune , the northwest quarter .

Iuly , August , and September , the sout● west quarter .

October , Nouember , and December , the southeast quarter .

And although I haue onely shewed the hou● of the night by Gwards or little Bear , yet the like also is to be known by any other notable fixed star●e , that is neere the Pole because the fixed ●tarres contain●d within the constellations keep alwaies one equidistant motion from the Pole , with out any great varietie , moouing alwaies about the Pole , in .24 . ho. euerie one in his proper Ci●cle , according to the diurnall motion . So that by the point or place considered that they occupie euerie month at midnigh● , may also easily be knowne the other houres of the night , in reckoning euerie point to be of ¼ an houre of time . And although in this rule for the houre of the night , by the Gward , there be 4. imperfections or error , growing by our view , being vpon the face or superficies of the earth or water , yet so small is the error and so great the benefit of the houre of the night , that I haue rather thought it necessary to let dewn it with that error , then to omit it and lacke the benefit & vse thereo● . And heere I haue occasion giuen me somewhat to speak of them that haue written against mariners for their grosse iudgements and erronious ●ules , promising generall reformation with new instruments , which I long haue desired , and daily looke for to see extant , I confesse the Compasse ( which is the chiefe instrument of Nauigation ) to be most erronious and variable , by reason of the natural propertie receaued from the Stone , as also because of the Horizontall lying of the Flee , for some vses . Yet necessitie causeth vs to vse it , because wee may by no meanes finde better , nor without it are able to helpe our selues in any Nauigation . Also the Ma●ine plats commonlye made for the sea & Marine●s vse , I acknowledge to be verie erronious , & far from the true shape of the Globe or round bodie : yet I may not prefer the vse of the Globe in Nauigation before them , ●or sundrie causes , both for want o● true courses as also because the variation . And the●●o●e al such ●ules , & inst●uments of Nauigation , be the● neuer so e●ronious and false , yet of necessitie they are tollerable and not to bee ●mitted , except it be possible either to refourme the olde , or to make new more exact .

Now further to our former purpose for more plaine vnderstanding thereof , I will set downe where and on what point of the compasse the Gwards are found at midnight , euerie ●5 . daies through the whole yere , as heereafter followeth , and for the better vnderstanding , I haue heere set the Flee of the Compasse , with all the pointes present .

Where the Gwardes are at midnight , euerie month in the yeere . I. The 15. day of Ia. the Gwards are at east at midnight . The end of Ia. east and by north northerly at midnight F. The 15. of Februarie at northeast and by east at mid . The end of February at northeast at midnight . M. The 15. of Mar. at northeast & by N. northerly at mid . The end of Marc. north & by east easterly at midnight . A. The 15. of Aprill north at midnight . The end of Aprill the Gwards north & by west westerly at midnight M. The 15. of May at northwest & by north at midnight The end of May at northwest & by north at midnight . I. The 15. of Iune northwest & by west Guards at mid . The end of Iu. at w , & by N northerly Guards at mid I. The 15 day of Iuly at west Guards at midnight . The end of Iuly at west & by south southerlie at mid , A The 14 , of August at southw , & by west westerly , at mid The end of August the Gwards southwest at mid . S. The 15 , of Sept , at southw & by So , southerly at mid , The end of September at south & by west westerly mid . O The 15 of October a south Guard is then midnight . The end of October at south & by east easterly midn , N The 15 , of Nouemb , at southeast & by S , southerly mid The end of Nouember at southeast , then it is midnigh D , The 15 , of Decemb , at southeast & by east easterly mid . The end of December at east & by south southerly mid

Now when you knowe on what point of the Compasse the Gwards are alwaies at midnight , then may yee by it also knowe the houres before or after midnight , alway reconing for euerie point that they shall lacke of the midnight point ¼ of an houre , & for euerie point that you shall finde them to be past the midnight point , likewise ¼ of an houre , as for example .

Example .

THe 15. of Ianuarie the Guardes are at east at midnight , if then you finde them at south east , which is foure pointes short of the east , that sheweth it to bee foure times 1/● of an houre before midnight which is nine of ●he clocke in the euening .

If you finde them past the east point , looke how many points they are past , so many times ¼ of an houre is it past midnight , and this is a gene●all rule for euerie month in the yeare . If the verie same day of the month be not heere expressed , which you shall then occupie , then take the middest , or the end of the same month that is next vnto the same day , and so the error cannot be great .

The houre of the night is also knowne by the Gwards or any other star né●re vnto the north Pole , by diuers sorts of instrum●nts made to that vse , some deuided as the compasse into 32. points , therby reckoning ¼ of an ho. for euery point : others deuided into 24. houres , as this Instrument following which is to be made of a Hoope of mettall deuided into 24. houres , euerie houre hauing a little pinne , that it may be felt in the night when it cannot be seene , to number the houres . This Hoope being deuided into 4. equal parts , ye sh●l make fast a threed to euery quarter therof , and the other 4. endes of them shal be fastned to a ring in the middest of the instrument , through the which yee shall see the north star . And thus holding it verie vpright , & of a reasonable distance from your eye , ye shal haue the Gwards directly with the pinnes in the Hoope , at such howres as is numbred vnder the pin . But it is necessarie that ye knowe by memorie ( as I haue before shewed ) what point those starres shall be on at midnight , and thus it serueth for any starre neere the Pole .