Politick
conceites
and
sentences
,
Gathered
by
M.
Francisco
Sansouino
,
out
of
the
most
famous
writers
in
the
Greek
,
Latin
,
and
Italian
tongues
,
to
benefit
those
that
commaund
in
matters
of
State
and
Ciuill
gouernment
.
IT
is
the
wunted
Nature
of
men
chéefelye
to
doubt
those
dangers
that
be
nearest
at
hand
,
to
estéeme
more
then
is
conuenient
,
those
thinges
that
be
present
:
and
to
haue
in
lesse
account
then
they
ought
,
those
that
be
farre
off
:
by
reason
that
in
these
last
we
may
hope
for
many
remedies
,
by
the
meanes
of
Time
and
other
sundry
accidents
.
WHen
we
suspect
our
confederates
or
those
that
we
credit
&
trust
,
it
is
requisite
we
excuse
vnto
them
those
things
that
be
apparent
,
deny
those
that
be
doubtfull
,
and
indeuour
our selues
with
great
diligence
to
mittigate
the
most
mighty
of
them
:
and
so
by
flatteryes
and
promises
,
please
and
assure
sometimes
one
,
sometimes
an
other
,
aswell
to
make
them
more
negligent
,
as
to
hope
,
that
by
such
sortes
of
practise
they
being
seperated
,
there
may
growe
and
arise
amongst
them
suspicion
,
breach
&
discord
.
THat
curious
prudence
of
minde
,
which
ouerstrictly
considers
&
desiphers
matters
to
come
,
is
often
discommendable
,
forsomuch
as
worldly
affairs
are
subect
to
so
many
&
so
sundry
accidents
,
that
sildome
times
those
things
succéed
,
which
wise
men
haue
imagined
ought
of
necessitie
to
fall
out
.
And
therfore
,
he
that
dooth
for-goe
present
benefites
,
for
feare
of
future
perrilles
(
when
in
such
cases
the
danger
is
not
most
certain
and
neere
at
hand
)
plainely
perceiues
that
he
hath
lost
sundry
occasions
full
of
profit
and
glorye
,
for
feare
of
those
perilles
which
after
fall
out
to
be
vaine
.
WHen
a
wise
man
for
some
occasion
,
is
drawn
by
any
person
whosoeuer
,
to
a
iust
disdaine
and
anger
:
yet
ought
he
to
moderate
the
same
asmuch
as
he
is
able
with
his
mature
iudgement
,
hauing
respect
not
to
his
perticular
right
and
benefit
:
but
to
the
profit
and
right
of
the
common
wealth
:
specially
,
if
by
his
wrath
and
anger
,
he
maye
become
hurtfull
and
domeageable
to
the
gouernement
and
state
.
THe
deliberations
of
Common-wealthes
require
no
base
and
priuate
respectes
:
neither
that
all
things
shall
be
referred
to
profitte
,
but
to
most
magnanime
and
hautie
endes
,
wherby
their
glorie
may
be
augmented
,
and
reputation
kept
:
the
which
nothing
dooth
so
much
exstinguish
and
deface
,
then
that
men
should
enter
into
conceit
,
that
they
haue
neither
the
minde
or
power
to
perceiue
and
remember
iniuries
,
neither
to
be
prompt
and
ready
to
reuenge
them
.
A
thing
chéefly
necessarie
for
to
perform
them
,
not
so
muche
to
take
pleasure
in
reuenge
,
as
that
the
punishment
of
those
that
offend
:
may
be
such
an
example
to
the
rest
,
that
they
shall
not
dare
to
prouoke
them
againe
.
And
so
consequently
it
will
come
to
passe
that
glory
shall
be
lincked
with
vtilitie
,
and
that
those
deliberations
which
proceede
of
generositie
and
magnanimitie
,
shall
arise
to
be
full
of
profite
and
commoditie
.
A
Great
power
vnited
wholy
together
,
is
much
more
to
be
feared
,
then
the
powers
&
forces
of
many
that
are
disseuered
,
the
which
as
they
haue
sundry
mouings
and
proceedings
,
so
haue
they
seuerall
&
disagréeing
operations
.
ALthough
some
hold
for
a
maxime
.
That
these
common-wealths
which
are
not
gouerned
by
one
mans
appetite
but
by
the
consent
of
many
,
procéede
with
more
moderation
and
with
greater
respects
then
a
Prince
can
doo
:
neither
doo
so
out
of
reason
depart
from
that
which
hath
some
appearance
of
honesty
,
as
oftentimes
they
doo
,
yet
dooth
it
fall
out
to
be
a
farre
better
gouernment
when
the
common-wealth
makes
the
bodie
and
the
members
,
and
the
Prince
the
head
,
so
that
being
incorporated
together
as
one
bodie
,
the
dignitie
,
maiestie
and
state
of
the
common-wealth
,
falles
out
to
be
of
a
farre
greater
perfection
.
A
Wise
man
ought
alwaies
to
draw
commodities
out
of
occasions
,
therfore
a
Prince
should
not
cast
away
the
instruements
of
encrease
,
neither
slack
them
when
he
hath
the
fauours
of
fortune
propetious
.
COuncelles
not
well
measured
of
Princes
,
are
pernitious
not
onlye
to
themselues
,
but
also
to
their
people
,
when
as
hauing
only
before
their
eyes
,
either
vain
errours
,
or
present
ambitions
,
not
remembring
the
often
change
of
fortune
,
and
conuerting
into
damage
the
power
of
others
,
graunted
them
for
common
commoditie
:
they
are
made
,
either
through
want
of
prudence
,
or
through
ouer-great
ambicion
,
the
authors
of
new
troubles
.
PRinces
are
to
their
great
domage
disceiued
,
when
in
making
election
of
persons
,
vnto
whome
they
commit
the
execution
of
important
affaires
:
they
haue
greater
consideration
to
the
fauour
of
them
they
choose
,
then
to
their
valour
and
vertue
.
GReat
Princes
thinke
themselues
iniured
when
they
are
denied
that
thing
they
desire
,
and
become
displesed
against
euery
one
,
which
followe
not
their
willes
,
and
that
together
with
their
fortune
,
doo
not
put
forward
to
them
,
their
owne
proper
fortune
.
SUch
as
the
custome
of
Princes
be
,
such
likewise
be
the
gouernment
of
their
affaires
.
If
the
Prince
be
of
small
discretion
,
and
lesse
estimation
they
runne
into
ruine
.
If
good
and
valerous
,
they
florish
,
for
God
doth
prosper
alwaies
the
good
,
and
for
the
most
part
doth
throwe
downe
headlong
those
that
b●
wicked
.
A
New
Empire
not
well
ordered
,
nor
prudently
gouerned
,
doth
rather
burden
then
make
more
mighty
him
that
hath
gained
it
,
besides
that
,
no
man
hath
at
any
time
born
himself
well
in
gouerning
a
state
which
hath
béene
euill
gotten
.
EUen
as
in
the
sustenance
of
the
body
,
it
is
not
only
necessary
that
the
head
be
well
and
in
good
state
,
but
also
it
is
requisite
that
the
other
members
do
their
duety
,
so
it
is
not
enough
that
a
Prince
be
faultles
,
if
his
officers
do
not
proportionally
doo
their
dueties
with
diligence
and
vertue
.
THe
nature
of
great
Princes
,
cannot
easily
resist
their
appetites
like
priuate
persons
:
for
being
accustomed
to
be
reuerenced
,
vnderstoode
,
and
obeyed
by
signes
,
they
become
not
onelye
hautie
and
insolent
,
but
also
they
cannot
beare
nor
tollerate
to
be
denied
or
not
to
obteine
that
which
séemes
iust
vnto
them
:
and
in
their
sight
that
appeares
iust
which
they
desire
,
perswading
themselues
that
they
are
able
to
smoothe
and
make
easie
all
impediments
,
and
to
ouercome
the
nature
of
thinges
,
with
one
onelye
woorde
or
looke
.
PRinces
and
common
wealths
ought
to
consider
in
their
enterprises
,
what
difference
is
betwixt
making
warres
against
others
,
or
exspecting
that
they
come
to
be
made
against
them
:
to
practice
and
worke
the
deuision
of
an
other
mans
state
,
or
abide
vntill
his
own
be
deuided
:
to
be
accompanied
against
one
alone
,
or
to
remaine
post
alone
against
many
that
are
knit
in
league
togeather
.
And
after
the
consideration
héereof
,
to
determine
which
will
turne
best
to
his
particular
profit
.
IT
is
a
note
of
high
prudence
and
reputation
,
in
a
great
Prince
,
to
procéed
in
such
sorte
in
all
his
causes
:
that
of
the
actions
he
workes
,
those
that
obey
him
haue
not
any
cause
to
enter
into
suspect
,
either
that
he
doth
it
cunningly
to
disceiue
,
or
feinedly
for
some
other
sinister
end
.
WHere
many
Princes
that
pretend
to
be
equalles
doo
consort
and
kéepe
company
together
,
there
dooth
easilye
spring
vp
amongst
them
suspitions
and
contentions
,
by
reason
whereof
,
those
enterprises
which
they
haue
begun
with
great
reputation
,
doo
fall
into
many
difficulties
,
and
finally
become
vaine
.
TO
giue
good
hopes
to
augment
as
much
as
is
possible
the
fauours
and
reputations
of
an
armye
,
with
arte
and
with
industrie
:
to
remain
ready
to
make
agréements
and
concords
according
to
occasions
,
are
affaires
fit
to
be
perfourmed
of
a
Prince
.
TO
gouerne
and
raigne
:
dependes
onely
on
fortune
,
but
to
be
a
King
that
doth
preferre
for
his
finall
end
,
the
safetie
and
felicitie
of
his
people
:
doth
onlye
depend
of
him selfe
and
of
his
proper
vertue
.
IT
appertains
to
wise
Princes
in
their
difficill
and
dangerous
determinations
,
to
approue
for
easie
and
plaucible
those
that
be
necessary
,
or
that
are
subiect
to
lesse
difficulties
and
perilles
then
the
rest
.
BY
how
much
more
a
King
is
great
and
mightye
,
by
so
much
more
is
it
glorious
for
him
to
shewe
his
power
,
for
the
maintaining
of
iustice
&
faith
,
nothing
being
more
vnworthie
for
him
,
and
for
his
●ommon-wealth
,
then
to
want
and
faile
in
faith
.
ALl
people
by
nature
imitate
the
customes
of
their
princes
,
and
follow
his
footsteps
,
and
according
to
his
procéedings
doo
either
hate
him
or
loue
him
:
but
when
once
he
begins
to
be
odious
,
whither
his
actions
be
good
or
bad
,
all
things
be
accounted
euill
,
but
if
once
he
haue
begun
to
get
the
loue
of
them
,
euery
thing
how
euill
soeuer
it
be
doon
,
is
attributed
to
vertue
:
as
though
he
would
not
goe
about
to
doo
euill
,
if
he
were
not
occasioned
vpon
some
grounded
reason
.
A
Prince
in
duetifull
causes
must
hang
in
suspition
and
reserue
to
himselfe
so
much
as
is
possible
,
the
meanes
and
facultie
to
take
these
deliberations
,
that
by
the
procéeding
of
generall
and
vniuersall
causes
,
he
dooth
discern
to
be
his
best
.
A
Prince
can
haue
no
greater
felicitie
,
then
that
his
deliberations
(
wherof
dooth
arise
his
own
greatnes
and
glory
)
may
be
accompanied
with
such
consequences
&
circumstances
,
that
they
may
appeare
that
they
are
doone
,
no
lesse
for
an
vniuersall
safetie
and
benefite
,
then
for
the
exaltation
of
the
whole
Christian
Common-wealth
.
IT
is
the
custome
of
Princes
,
artificiallye
to
entertaine
one
another
,
with
vaine
hopes
and
dissembling
practises
,
besides
that
,
they
be
couetous
and
greedy
to
embrace
counterfeite
cullours
,
to
the
intent
they
maye
with
more
apparant
honestie
disturbe
and
vexe
(
although
oftentimes
wrongfully
)
the
states
and
dominions
of
others
.
And
if
a
man
goe
about
to
perswade
them
that
which
is
good
,
he
renues
molestation
and
trauaile
:
but
when
he
dooth
flatter
them
,
and
dooth
vse
a
contrarye
course
,
he
maye
doo
it
without
any
trouble
in
the
world
.
THe
counsells
of
Captains
oftentimes
fall
out
to
be
full
of
fallacies
,
vnlesse
they
be
fauoured
by
the
force
of
fortune
:
And
although
they
be
diligent
and
prudent
,
yet
for
all
that
they
become
vnprofitable
,
when
the
execution
of
their
enterprises
,
procéedes
with
negligence
and
imprudence
.
A
Politick
Generall
and
Captain
,
wil
rather
(
to
the
intent
he
may
with
securitie
obtaine
the
victorie
)
haue
little
or
no
respect
to
the
length
of
the
time
,
neither
to
the
taking
of
too
much
toyle
and
trauaile
,
either
to
proceed
in
the
spare
of
expences
,
without
much
prouision
,
rather
than
by
obteining
glorye
by
ouercomming
with
facilitye
and
speed
,
to
put
in
perill
and
hazard
together
with
his
armie
,
the
euent
of
his
quarrell
and
action
.
IT
almost
comes
euer
to
passe
through
the
corrupt
iudgment
of
men
,
that
prodigalitie
is
more
praised
in
a
King
(
although
thereunto
rapine
be
annexed
)
then
sparing
ioyned
to
forbearing
from
other
mens
goods
.
NO
sollicitations
,
no
benefites
,
no
knot
of
coniunction
is
sufficient
to
remoue
from
the
brest
of
Princes
the
smal
confidence
and
mistrust
they
haue
one
with
an
other
:
and
although
it
be
fit
and
proper
for
them
,
alwaies
to
preferre
in
their
deliberations
,
profit
,
and
beneuolence
,
before
hate
and
other
couetous
humours
,
yet
neuerthelesse
,
it
is
the
office
and
duety
of
a
wise
Prince
,
to
the
intent
he
may
shame
the
greater
,
to
imbrace
for
profitable
,
for
good
,
and
for
the
very
best
,
the
election
of
the
lesse
euill
:
neither
ought
he
to
frée
him selfe
from
one
perill
,
and
one
disorder
,
to
run
into
an
other
,
of
more
importance
,
and
of
greater
infamie
.
HOnestye
maye
sometimes
and
in
some
respectes
giue
place
to
profit
,
rather
then
by
maintaining
with
obstinate
pertenacie
,
the
giuen
faith
to
perseuer
in
molestations
.
Men
kéep
longer
in
memory
an
iniury
,
then
a
receiued
benefite
,
for
when
they
call
to
minde
the
benefite
,
in
their
imagination
they
make
it
lesse
then
it
is
,
reputing
themselues
to
haue
merited
much
more
.
The
contrarye
doth
arise
of
iniuries
,
for
it
gréeues
euery
one
more
then
of
reason
they
ought
to
be
agréeued
:
therefore
where
the
bad
estate
and
degree
is
alike
,
keep
thee
from
doing
those
pleasures
,
which
of
necessitie
worke
displeasures
to
auoid
losse
and
damage
.
A
Tirant
doth
enforce
himselfe
to
performe
thrée
things
to
maintain
his
estate
,
the
first
is
to
kéep
down
,
and
to
kéep
the
mindes
of
his
citizens
weak
and
feeble
,
for
he
that
is
of
smal
courage
doth
neuer
rise
vp
against
a
tirant
.
The
second
is
to
procure
that
the
most
mightye
Citizens
doo
liue
in
discorde
amongst
themselues
,
to
the
intent
they
shall
not
conspire
against
him
,
being
vnited
together
.
The
third
,
is
to
kéepe
them
disarmed
and
in
idlenes
,
for
he
that
neither
can
nor
knowes
how
to
doo
any
thing
:
will
not
be
enflamed
,
neither
once
enter
into
thought
to
assault
him
that
is
of
great
power
.
THat
place
is
not
called
a
Cittie
,
which
hath
a
great
number
of
men
to
inhabite
it
,
but
rather
that
which
is
furnished
with
such
Citizens
which
are
of
sufficiencye
to
liue
well
and
happily
,
for
Lordship
and
Signorie
is
maintained
with
prudence
and
with
valour
,
and
with
him
that
is
a
good
man
,
and
a
good
gouernour
:
and
good
he
cannot
be
vnlesse
he
be
prudent
.
ALl
these
things
for
the
which
men
do
toyle
themselues
in
this
world
,
are
reduced
and
drawne
into
two
heads
and
titles
:
that
is
to
say
,
to
profit
,
and
to
honor
,
vnder
the
title
of
profit
is
to
be
vnderstood
all
that
which
appertains
to
the
body
,
vnder
the
title
of
honor
:
al
that
which
belongs
to
the
minde
.
A
Prince
ought
to
be
graue
,
not
in
hautines
of
countenance
,
but
in
the
order
of
his
life
:
gouerning
him selfe
moderately
in
all
his
affaires
and
actions
,
and
obseruing
those
promises
he
hath
made
:
let
him
be
rather
affraide
not
to
doo
euill
,
then
that
euill
should
be
doon
vnto
him
,
and
let
him
remember
,
that
being
a
man
as
others
are
,
he
hath
graunted
him
by
God
almost
deuine
power
,
to
the
intent
he
may
place
in
his
gouernment
thinges
that
be
iust
and
honest
.
THat
Citizen
that
dooth
begin
to
manage
the
affaires
of
the
Common-wealth
,
dooth
liue
according
to
the
customes
vsed
of
the
other
Citizens
,
and
dooth
accommodate
himselfe
to
their
nature
,
and
with
art
and
prudence
doth
leane
to
those
things
that
are
wonted
to
bring
pleasures
and
delight
to
the
people
,
and
by
the
which
they
are
accustomed
to
be
taken
into
a
snare
,
to
the
intent
,
that
by
so
doing
,
gayning
an
opinion
of
valour
and
faith
,
he
maye
obtaine
authoritie
.
THose
that
manage
the
affaires
of
a
frée
state
:
ought
to
haue
in
minde
two
precepts
of
Plato
,
the
one
,
that
they
defend
and
maintaine
the
profit
of
their
Citizens
in
such
sort
,
that
whatsoeuer
they
doo
may
tend
to
that
end
,
setting
aside
their
own
commodities
:
the
other
,
that
they
haue
an
eye
to
the
whole
body
of
the
Common-wealth
,
to
the
intent
,
that
whilste
they
haue
care
of
one
parte
,
they
doo
not
abandon
another
:
for
euen
as
in
the
Tuter
of
a
ward
,
so
the
gouernment
of
a
Common-wealth
is
to
be
handled
and
ordered
,
to
the
benefite
of
those
for
whome
it
is
committed
and
recommended
,
and
not
for
them
to
whom
it
is
committed
.
IT
is
the
proper
charge
of
a
Magistrate
,
to
vnderstand
that
he
carries
vpon
him
,
and
dooth
exercise
the
person
of
the
Cittie
:
and
that
he
ought
to
maintain
his
decorum
and
his
dignitie
,
to
obserue
the
lawes
,
and
to
be
mindefull
of
those
things
that
are
committed
to
his
fidelitie
,
and
not
only
to
look
into
that
which
is
doon
,
but
also
to
prouide
for
that
which
ought
to
be
doone
,
and
to
vse
all
possible
indeuours
to
prouide
that
the
Common-wealth
after
his
death
may
be
no
lesse
rightly
administred
,
than
it
is
during
the
gouernment
of
his
life
.
LIberty
is
nothing
else
but
full
power
,
to
doo
as
a
man
will
.
And
that
man
liues
as
he
will
,
the
which
doth
follow
those
things
that
be
right
and
well
doon
,
and
which
dooth
reioyce
in
him selfe
to
doo
pleasures
and
benefites
to
others
,
and
that
in
his
liuing
is
aduised
and
prudent
,
and
that
dooth
obey
the
lawes
,
not
through
feare
,
but
doth
honor
and
obserue
them
like
others
,
and
who
neither
dooth
think
nor
doo
any
thing
,
but
fréelye
and
with
a
good
will
,
whose
councelles
and
whose
operations
,
doo
arise
and
take
end
in
him selfe
,
not
hauing
any
thing
that
maye
accomplish
more
in
him
then
his
will
and
his
iudgement
,
and
vnto
which
likewise
fortune
her selfe
may
giue
place
.
THat
warre
is
iust
that
is
necessarye
,
and
those
armes
and
weapons
are
godly
and
happye
,
in
the
which
there
resteth
no
other
hope
than
in
the
said
weapons
and
armes
.
And
that
warre
is
iust
which
is
commaunded
of
the
Prince
,
either
in
respect
to
recouer
that
which
is
lost
,
or
to
defend
himselfe
from
other
mens
iniuries
:
but
that
is
an
vnhappy
and
wicked
warre
,
in
the
which
it
is
necessarye
,
that
he
to
liue
in
seruitude
,
since
that
amongst
all
worldly
things
the
best
is
liberty
:
whose
name
is
a
note
of
vertue
,
as
seruitude
and
bondage
is
a
note
of
infelicitie
.
WHen
a
noble
personage
dooth
degenerate
from
the
vertuous
actions
of
his
predecessors
,
let
him
remember
,
that
how
much
the
more
famous
the
life
of
his
Auncestours
hath
been
,
so
much
more
shamefull
&
slaunderous
shal
his
be
:
forsomuch
as
the
glorie
of
our
fore-fathers
,
is
as
it
were
a
light
to
those
that
discend
from
them
,
the
which
doth
discouer
them
to
the
eyes
of
others
,
that
vertue
or
that
vice
which
they
haue
.
IT
is
a
goodly
thing
in
a
victorious
Prince
,
when
as
calling
him selfe
to
memory
,
he
dooth
rather
goe
about
that
which
is
worthie
of
him selfe
,
then
that
which
he
may
with
reason
doo
against
his
ouercome
and
vanquished
enemy
.
HE
dooth
assuredlye
liue
and
enioy
a
staide
and
perfect
minde
,
who
being
intentiue
about
any
busines
or
action
,
doth
procure
himselfe
a
fame
of
woorthy
Princes
,
of
good
art
or
letters
.
ALthough
flatterie
be
reprehended
of
wise
men
,
as
a
wise
contrary
〈◊〉
woorthy
wit
:
yet
did
Cicero
saye
,
it
is
necessary
in
the
obtaining
of
office
and
gouernment
in
a
free
Common-wealth
.
THe
life
and
behauiour
of
the
people
is
corrupted
by
the
customes
of
the
Prince
:
who
beholding
his
licentious
lecherie
,
despise
the
merites
of
his
chastetie
,
Indeuouring
themselues
to
imitate
his
vices
,
as
most
vertuous
actions
:
for
that
it
séemes
vnto
them
that
they
cannot
commend
the
deedes
of
their
Prince
,
if
they
themselues
doo
not
likewise
practise
and
vse
the
same
.
IT
is
a
manifest
thing
,
that
he
that
is
mighty
is
alwaies
accompanied
and
followed
with
enuy
,
not
of
the
least
,
for
those
cannot
much
harme
him
,
but
of
his
competitoures
,
carriualles
and
his
péeres
:
therefore
to
shun
the
same
in
my
opinion
,
he
should
aduise
himselfe
well
,
if
in
matters
of
importance
he
did
vse
that
parte
and
meanes
of
procéeding
,
which
dooth
most
asswage
,
and
is
contrarye
to
enuye
.
HE
that
is
not
altogether
aleuated
from
peace
,
is
neuer
hindered
or
kept
from
making
the
same
by
multitude
of
complaintes
and
damages
,
for
so
much
as
these
differences
and
debates
are
cut
off
(
although
they
be
many
)
by
the
force
and
vertue
of
vpright
iustice
,
or
by
means
of
recompencing
,
waying
one
iniurie
with
an
other
,
or
by
counterpesing
and
ballancing
this
reason
and
right
with
that
,
or
else
(
for
a
lesse
domage
,
or
to
giue
end
to
the
greater
trauailes
or
troubles
)
let
the
one
yéelde
vnto
the
other
some
parte
of
his
right
,
as
vnto
these
wise
men
by
consideration
of
the
importance
or
subiect
of
the
cause
,
it
shall
séeme
conuenient
.
IT
is
fitte
for
euery
well
gouerned
Common-wealth
,
to
take
order
that
all
the
causes
,
or
at
least
the
greatest
part
of
them
if
it
be
possible
,
may
be
de●i●hered
and
discided
by
the
lawes
,
rather
then
left
to
the
〈…〉
of
the
Iudge
:
for
there
be
very
fewe
to
be
found
that
haue
good
and
mature
vnderstanding
,
knowledge
and
abilitie
,
to
minister
and
ordaine
lawes
,
and
to
giue
right
iudgement
in
doubtfull
causes
:
for
so
much
as
lawes
through
the
long
vse
of
thinges
,
and
through
many
and
sundry
considerations
,
are
brought
to
full
perfection
,
but
the
iudgementes
of
man
by
his
own
nature
,
being
apt
to
bende
either
to
loue
or
hate
:
is
corrupted
,
spoyled
,
and
made
partiall
,
vnlesse
it
be
vnder
propt
with
the
strong
piller
of
Lawe
.
THose
which
haue
iudgement
falling
into
consideration
of
the
riches
and
power
of
any
other
State
,
doo
not
meruaile
,
neither
at
their
power
,
neither
at
their
riches
:
but
admiring
the
good
forme
of
the
order
of
the
saide
State
,
vnder
which
such
power
and
riches
dooth
florishe
,
desire
the
good
gouernment
of
their
Common-wealth
,
by
being
and
suffering
their
Prince
:
and
be
very
vigilant
to
kéepe
themselues
from
offending
him
at
any
time
,
neither
with
déeds
nor
with
woords
,
to
the
intent
not
to
imitate
him
.
AMongst
the
rest
of
these
goods
that
fortune
bestowes
vpon
vs
,
he
dooth
gaine
most
worthy
praise
,
that
being
rich
doth
not
aspire
to
rule
and
Signorie
:
that
is
not
insolent
by
reason
of
his
money
,
that
dooth
not
preferre
himselfe
before
others
arrogantly
,
and
that
doth
behaue
himselfe
in
such
sort
,
that
others
may
iudge
,
that
that
aboundance
of
riches
haue
giuen
him
meanes
to
become
sober
and
modest
,
and
not
malepert
and
hawtie
.
EUery
one
knowes
that
those
discordes
which
arise
amongst
the
people
,
are
occasioned
by
inequalitie
of
goods
and
riches
:
for
those
that
be
of
meane
estate
would
make
themselues
equall
with
their
betters
,
but
those
which
spring
vp
amongst
noble
and
great
men
,
be
occasioned
by
meanes
of
honours
:
for
those
the
be
equalles
would
make
themselues
greater
then
the
rest
.
MEn
when
they
draw
néere
to
their
future
mischéefes
do
principall
〈◊〉
their
discourse
,
discretion
and
prudence
with
the
which
they
might
easily
bring
impediment
and
hinderance
to
their
destinies
.
IT
is
a
great
impudence
for
a
man
to
binde
himselfe
to
a
perpetuall
perrill
,
vpon
foundations
not
perpetuall
:
and
through
vncertaine
hopes
to
begin
an
assured
warre
with
an
enemy
more
mighty
then
himselfe
.
NOthing
is
more
necessarie
in
hard
and
difficult
deliberations
then
counsell
,
nothing
on
the
other
side
more
perillous
then
to
demaund
counsell
:
and
it
is
no
doubt
,
but
that
counsell
is
lesse
necessary
to
prudent
men
,
then
to
those
that
be
imprudent
:
and
yet
notwithstanding
those
that
be
wise
do
reap
much
more
profit
by
counsel
than
the
ignorant
,
for
who
is
he
that
is
so
perfect
in
prudence
,
that
doth
alwaies
consider
&
know
euery
thing
of
himselfe
,
and
in
contrary
reasons
,
doth
euer
discern
and
cull
out
the
best
parte
?
but
what
assurance
hath
he
that
doth
demaund
counsell
,
to
be
faithfully
counselled
?
forsomuch
as
he
that
dooth
giue
counsell
,
if
he
be
not
very
faithfull
and
much
affectioned
to
him
that
doth
demaund
the
same
:
moued
not
only
through
notable
respectes
of
profitte
,
but
for
euery
small
commoditie
,
or
euerye
light
satisfaction
:
dooth
oftentimes
direct
his
counsell
,
to
that
ende
that
dooth
turne
most
to
his
purpose
,
or
that
wherein
he
dooth
take
most
pleasure
,
and
therefore
these
ends
and
tearmes
being
for
the
most
parte
so
much
vnknowne
to
him
that
séekes
for
counsell
,
he
dooth
not
remember
nor
perceiue
if
he
be
not
prudent
,
the
infidelitie
of
the
councell
.
A
Prince
that
by
the
means
of
his
embassadour
would
deceiue
an
other
Prince
,
must
first
deceiue
the
Ambassadour
,
to
the
intent
that
he
may
woorke
and
speake
with
greater
efficacie
,
perswading
himselfe
and
beléeuing
that
such
is
the
mind●
of
his
prince
,
the
which
though
he
would
not
nor
could
not
doo
,
if
he
did
imagine
himselfe
to
be
a
dissembler
,
and
this
practise
euerye
one
dooth
vse
,
that
by
the
meanes
of
an
other
,
would
perswade
that
which
is
false
vnto
an
other
.
IT
is
proper
to
fortune
so
often
as
●●ctorie
is
not
made
assured
with
moderation
and
prudence
,
to
blot
and
stain
the
glorie
that
is
gained
,
with
some
thing
vnlooked
for
:
therfore
it
is
not
requisite
in
the
managing
of
matters
of
moment
,
to
suffer
things
to
be
carried
away
and
marshald
by
chaunce
.
HE
that
will
hang
in
suspence
,
and
ballance
thinges
amongst
Princes
,
and
become
a
newter
,
it
is
necessary
for
him
very
circumspectly
to
abstaine
not
only
from
déeds
but
from
all
those
demonstrations
that
maye
bring
him
into
suspect
of
his
greater
inclination
,
more
vnto
one
part
then
vnto
an
other
.
TO
doo
and
not
to
doo
an
action
although
it
seeme
to
bee
of
small
effect
,
yet
oftentimes
there
dooth
depend
vppon
the
same
moments
of
matter
of
importance
:
And
therefore
in
the
managing
of
thinges
that
be
more
profitable
,
he
must
alwaies
be
well
aduertised
,
and
haue
many
good
considerations
.
THe
nature
of
the
people
is
,
to
incline
themselues
to
hope
more
then
they
ought
:
to
be
of
lesse
telleration
,
to
take
alwaies
against
hart
thinges
that
be
present
,
and
to
attribute
vnto
themselues
not
to
desire
and
challenge
that
which
they
ought
rather
to
attribute
to
their
disabilitie
:
besides
this
,
those
that
be
fearefull
,
and
which
determine
not
to
oppose
themselues
against
perils
,
but
to
flie
:
fall
to
consolations
,
but
to
people
that
are
warlicke
and
hardy
:
it
appertaines
to
charge
and
to
present
themselues
to
the
enemy
,
so
soon
as
they
haue
had
sight
of
him
.
AS
there
is
no
age
which
doth
naturally
more
abhorre
infamie
,
and
is
more
couetous
of
honor
and
prowesse
then
is
youth
:
so
there
is
no
age
that
is
so
apt
neither
of
more
power
and
force
to
tollerate
trauailes
,
to
supporte
discommodities
,
difficulties
and
wants
,
that
of
necessitie
are
suffered
in
warres
.
And
if
we
doo
rightlye
enter
into
consideration
of
the
matter
,
men
doo
not
differ
one
from
another
,
by
reason
〈◊〉
:
but
through
pollicie
in
wit
,
through
quicknes
in
iudgement
,
through
their
study
,
their
industrie
,
their
experience
,
and
their
vertue
.
IT
is
follye
to
become
angrye
with
those
persons
against
whome
,
by
reason
of
their
greatnes
thou
canst
not
hope
to
reuenge
thy selfe
,
therefore
if
it
seeme
vnto
thée
that
thou
hast
receiued
iniurye
at
their
handes
,
dissemble
and
suffer
.
IN
matters
of
warfare
,
there
springes
vp
from
time
to
time
,
infinite
varieties
,
therefore
we
must
not
put
vpon
vs
ouer-great
haughty
hate
for
late
prosperities
,
nor
ouer-great
abiect
mindes
,
for
aduerse
calamities
:
for
oftentimes
there
dooth
arise
mutations
.
Therefore
héereby
we
must
learne
,
that
when
occasion
dooth
present
it selfe
,
let
vs
not
lose
or
let
slippe
the
same
,
for
she
is
of
small
continuance
.
WE
ought
well
to
consider
that
,
which
the
beginnings
of
things
may
be
able
to
bring
foorth
,
and
to
obserue
and
beware
at
the
first
to
giue
place
to
vniust
and
pernitious
demaundes
:
for
so
much
,
as
when
once
any
one
hath
obteined
their
desired
things
,
they
doo
not
deminish
at
all
,
but
doo
alwaies
encrease
our
determinations
and
desires
with
a
greater
better
will
,
and
with
greater
conceites
then
before
.
HOw
much
more
any
accidents
comes
at
vnawares
,
and
vnlooked
for
,
by
so
much
more
it
dooth
amase
and
put
men
in
terrour
:
and
therefore
a
wise
man
ought
to
be
aboundantly
stored
with
able
meanes
,
to
prouide
that
discordes
doo
not
ensue
,
or
that
if
they
should
ensue
,
that
they
doo
not
continue
:
and
he
must
foresee
euen
from
this
present
state
,
all
future
perilles
,
remouing
them
with
prudence
and
with
counsell
:
not
suffering
thinges
to
runne
headlong
.
IN
ciuell
States
and
conuersations
,
an
offence
cannot
be
chasticed
,
or
a
vertuous
action
rewarded
:
but
that
the
Citizens
shall
receiue
that
common
profit
that
dooth
therby
arise
:
neither
was
there
any
●●medye
found
better
,
more
apt
,
nor
of
greter
effect
to
maintain
a
commonwealth
in
good
and
happie
estate
,
then
a
counterpose
of
punishment
and
reward
vsed
vprightly
.
ALl
the
Securitie
that
may
be
had
of
an
enemie
,
either
of
faith
,
either
of
fréends
,
either
of
promises
,
and
of
other
,
some
bonds
are
good
:
but
through
the
wicked
condition
of
men
,
and
through
the
varying
of
times
,
there
is
nothing
thought
better
and
more
firme
,
then
so
to
accommodate
our selues
,
that
the
enemy
cannot
haue
power
to
offend
vs
.
THe
maner
of
procéeding
in
moderne
warrefare
is
far
vnlike
to
the
antiquitie
,
who
did
not
suborne
secret
murtherers
,
but
did
discouer
vnto
the
enemy
,
if
any
such
wicked
treason
was
wrought
against
him
,
hauing
confidence
to
be
able
to
ouercome
with
vertue
.
IT
is
a
more
secure
&
glorious
resolution
,
with
asmuch
equalitie
of
hope
as
may
be
:
to
make
experience
of
fortune
,
then
by
flying
and
leauing
the
same
to
consume
by
little
and
little
,
and
to
giue
to
the
enemy
the
victory
without
blood
and
without
perrill
,
forsomuch
as
in
thinges
that
fall
out
contrarye
,
the
feare
and
difficultie
of
him
that
is
ouercome
,
dooth
become
euerye
day
greater
.
IN
difficulties
a
man
must
sometimes
,
not
denying
but
prolonging
,
indeuouring
himselfe
to
cause
others
to
accept
and
imbrace
hope
in
stead
of
effects
.
IT
is
a
most
true
and
commendable
Prouerbe
amongst
the
antiquitie
,
that
Dignities
disciphers
mens
qualities
,
for
through
experience
and
measure
thereof
,
is
not
onelye
knowne
by
their
weight
,
what
ability
or
insufficiencie
is
in
them
,
but
also
by
reason
of
the
power
and
libertye
they
haue
,
are
discouered
the
affections
of
their
mindes
and
of
what
nature
they
are
:
by
how
much
the
greater
a
man
is
,
so
much
lesse
respect
hath
he
to
suffer
and
keep
himself
from
being
guided
according
to
his
own
nature
.
INdeuour
thy selfe
not
to
be
euill
thought
of
by
him
that
is
thy
superiour
in
the
Countrie
,
neither
put
trust
in
the
good
gouernment
of
thy
owne
life
:
but
let
it
be
such
,
that
thou
maist
imagine
not
to
fall
into
his
hands
,
for
there
arise
infinite
causes
,
not
thought
vpon
,
wherein
thou
maist
haue
need
of
him
,
and
Et
e
conuerso
.
IF
a
superiour
haue
desire
to
punish
or
reuenge
himselfe
against
his
inferiour
,
let
him
not
doo
it
in
a
headlong
and
rashe
manner
,
but
let
him
expect
time
and
occasion
,
the
which
without
doubt
shall
in
such
sorte
fall
out
that
not
discouering
himselfe
for
a
passionate
and
malignant
person
,
hee
shall
be
able
to
satisfie
his
desire
.
TOuching
the
managing
of
warfare
,
the
counsell
of
the
olde
dooth
little
helpe
,
if
in
putting
the
same
in
execution
,
the
courage
,
the
valour
,
and
the
gallant
lustines
of
youthes
doo
not
set
their
handes
to
the
dooing
,
who
for
the
moste
parte
are
of
a
very
quicke
vnderstanding
,
and
haue
their
spirites
and
wittes
in
such
a
readines
,
that
oftentimes
they
ouercome
the
difficulties
of
the
affaires
,
with
greater
discretion
and
prudence
then
others
can
beléeue
:
for
we
must
not
expect
the
processe
of
yéeres
,
when
the
vertue
of
valour
and
force
is
to
be
shewed
:
for
so
much
as
the
race
and
course
of
force
and
vertue
is
much
more
swift
,
then
that
of
age
.
IT
is
requisite
that
Gouernours
doo
rather
followe
the
substance
then
the
appearance
of
thinges
,
measuring
more
with
prudence
then
with
proper
will
,
and
not
giue
ouermuch
faith
or
credit
to
themselues
,
for
it
is
a
great
infamie
to
States
,
when
ignorance
is
accompanied
with
losse
.
THe
order
of
occasions
to
obtaine
any
high
matter
,
is
necessary
to
be
taken
when
things
are
in
reuolucion
neither
is
it
good
for
a
man
to
stand
to
looke
about
him
so
oftentimes
as
he
knowes
it
more
perillous
to
stand
still
,
then
to
aduenture
.
MAtters
of
warrefare
consist
rather
in
obedience
then
in
will
:
intruding
themselues
to
knowe
the
circumstances
and
reasons
of
the
Generall
&
Captains
affaires
,
and
that
army
aboue
all
other
is
of
greatest
valour
,
in
perilles
,
at
the
encounter
and
charge
,
that
before
the
encounter
and
stroke
of
the
battaile
,
is
more
then
any
other
in
tranquilitie
and
quiet
.
ALl
they
that
would
determine
and
resolue
themselues
vpon
any
thing
of
importance
,
ought
to
consider
whither
that
which
they
enterprise
and
take
in
hand
to
doo
,
is
to
fall
out
profitable
to
the
Common-welth
,
honourable
to
himselfe
,
and
easie
to
be
brought
to
passe
:
or
at
leastwise
not
very
difficill
.
IN
all
enterprises
it
is
necessary
to
haue
an
eye
&
be
aduertised
if
any
one
perswade
,
beside
giuing
of
counsell
,
whether
likewise
he
put
himself
in
peril
,
&
when
fortun
hath
brought
the
enterprise
to
an
end
,
who
it
is
the
ought
to
haue
the
principall
degrée
and
honour
.
IN
discordes
and
tumultes
,
those
haue
alwaies
most
force
and
power
,
that
amongst
all
the
rest
be
most
wicked
,
In
peace
and
quietnes
those
are
of
most
valour
,
that
doo
shine
and
are
decked
with
good
and
commendable
disciplines
.
ALl
men
naturally
are
good
when
they
reape
no
profit
or
take
no
delight
in
euill
,
but
so
greatly
dooth
varrie
the
corruption
of
this
world
&
their
fragilitie
,
that
easilye
and
very
often
for
their
owne
profit
they
encline
to
euill
.
Therefore
the
rewarde
of
vertue
and
punishment
of
vice
,
was
found
out
and
inuented
by
wise
Lawe-giuers
,
for
the
foundation
of
Common-wealth
,
not
to
destroye
men
,
but
to
the
intent
they
might
followe
the
inclination
of
nature
.
HE
that
hath
to
gouerne
Citties
&
peoples
,
and
would
haue
them
corrected
:
let
him
punishe
the
offenders
in
them
,
after
the
rate
of
thirtéene
pence
halfepeny
,
and
let
him
in
effect
chastise
all
faultes
,
he
may
very
well
vse
mercy
,
but
not
in
hainous
causes
,
for
in
those
it
is
requisite
to
giue
example
to
the
rest
.
GLorie
,
for
that
it
is
the
proper
and
true
reward
of
humaine
trauails
,
is
that
which
doth
enflame
and
prick
forward
woorthye
mindes
to
honourable
enterprises
,
neither
can
we
finde
out
any
thing
that
is
of
greater
effect
to
cause
any
man
to
raise
vp
his
mind
,
to
quicken
his
vnderstanding
,
and
to
make
sharpe
his
industrie
,
then
the
desire
to
obtaine
glory
,
and
the
hope
of
immortallity
.
SO
long
as
men
shall
be
in
the
world
,
so
long
shall
there
be
found
vices
,
these
neuerthelesse
,
not
alwaies
,
nor
continually
,
but
the
good
and
the
euill
shall
come
in
their
turnes
:
and
by
the
comming
of
better
thinges
,
they
shall
recompence
and
redresse
themselues
amongst
themselues
.
EUen
as
discord
in
a
Cittie
doth
discouer
and
giues
occasion
to
those
that
lye
in
waite
to
betray
,
to
perform
their
practises
well
:
so
vnitie
dooth
knit
together
the
diuersities
of
opinions
,
and
of
many
making
one
body
alone
doth
kéepe
gouernments
and
States
vncorrupted
.
NO
lesse
doth
a
kingdom
take
her
beginning
of
a
King
,
then
a
king
of
a
kingdome
:
for
the
King
giues
lawes
and
orders
to
the
kingdome
,
and
not
the
kingdome
to
the
King
:
the
pardons
,
the
gifts
,
the
warres
,
the
peace
,
the
punishments
and
the
rewardes
,
doo
procéede
from
the
King
to
the
kingdome
,
and
not
in
contrary
course
,
for
onely
vnto
an
emperiall
maiestie
appertaines
to
commaund
,
and
the
Common-wealth
to
obay
.
AS
in
a
building
of
importance
there
is
greater
perrill
when
a
stone
falles
foorth
of
the
foundation
,
them
fifty
tiles
from
the
roofe
:
so
it
is
a
greater
faulte
once
to
disobaye
iustice
,
then
to
commit
a
hundreth
errours
against
the
Common-wealth
:
for
we
haue
oftentimes
séene
,
that
there
hath
sprung
vp
scandalles
of
great
importance
in
a
Common-wealth
through
a
very
small
disobedience
.
IN
doubtfull
causes
we
cannot
haue
recourse
to
any
better
thing
then
to
counsell
,
for
the
piller
and
remedye
of
doubt
is
counsell
,
but
in
trueth
leauing
counsel
aparte
,
we
ought
to
put
ende
to
the
execution
thereof
:
and
with
so
much
greater
speede
followe
and
performe
that
thing
that
is
assuredly
determined
,
by
how
much
more
we
perceiue
it
to
be
frée
,
and
secure
from
all
perilles
,
and
to
serue
to
the
purpose
,
and
is
apt
and
good
for
our
intention
.
WE
ordaine
and
commaund
that
to
that
man
,
which
doth
not
rule
his
life
aright
,
which
doth
not
gouerne
his
house
well
,
which
dooth
not
administer
well
his
owne
affaires
,
and
which
dooth
not
vse
discipline
towardes
his
famulie
,
liuing
in
debate
with
his
neighbours
,
shall
haue
giuen
vnto
him
a
gouernour
,
which
may
haue
charge
ouer
him
like
a
foole
,
and
that
he
be
chased
from
amongst
the
people
like
a
vagabound
:
for
Common-wealthes
are
neuer
disturbed
,
but
by
those
that
haue
no
methode
and
maner
of
rule
in
their
life
.
AMongst
mortall
men
there
is
nothing
more
common
and
therewithall
more
perillous
,
then
to
giue
place
to
that
imagination
,
wherby
wee
beleeue
that
the
state
of
one
man
,
is
better
then
that
of
an
others
,
and
heereby
it
comes
to
passe
,
that
humain
malice
dooth
so
blinde
men
,
that
they
rather
seeke
to
haue
that
with
trauaile
,
which
appertaines
vnto
another
,
then
to
enioye
with
rest
and
quietnes
that
which
is
his
owne
.
The
state
of
a
Prince
assuredlye
is
good
,
if
of
them
it
be
vsed
to
a
good
end
:
and
the
being
of
the
people
is
likewise
good
,
if
they
be
content
with
the
same
.
So
in
like
sorte
,
that
of
religious
men
is
best
,
if
they
reape
that
profite
thereby
which
they
ought
:
To
be
rich
is
very
good
,
if
therein
they
vse
temperaunce
:
in
like
manner
,
the
poore
man
,
if
he
haue
patience
,
his
es●ate
falles
out
to
be
good
:
for
to
merrite
,
doth
not
consist
in
suffering
many
trauailes
and
discommodities
:
but
by
hauing
in
them
great
patience
.
TO
threaten
and
manace
a
mightye
enemye
,
and
to
make
him
mindful
that
thou
aboundantly
retaines
in
memorye
,
the
iniuries
receiued
of
him
▪
is
no
other
then
to
inuite
and
stir
him
vp
to
a
greater
offence
,
for
either
thou
art
such
a
one
,
that
thou
hast
to
be
ashamed
,
that
thou
art
inflamed
to
contend
with
him
and
cannot
suffer
it
,
or
thou
art
such
a
one
that
he
maye
in
what
or
whensoeuer
be
afraide
of
thy
power
,
And
if
he
be
wise
he
will
neuer
expect
that
time
,
so
all
those
threatninges
shall
fall
out
to
be
to
thy
damage
.
IF
Subiects
did
know
what
it
costes
the
Prince
to
commaund
and
rule
,
or
if
the
Prince
did
knowe
how
sweet
a
thing
it
is
to
liue
in
peace
,
the
meaner
sorte
would
haue
more
compassion
towardes
the
greater
,
and
the
greater
would
not
beare
enuye
towards
the
meaner
,
for
much
lesse
be
the
pleasures
that
Princes
inioye
,
in
respect
of
the
displeasures
they
suffer
:
but
as
the
state
of
a
Prince
is
greater
then
all
others
,
can
performe
more
then
all
others
,
is
more
woorth
then
all
others
,
doth
support
more
then
all
others
,
and
to
conclude
,
doth
ouerpasse
and
excell
the
gouernment
of
all
others
.
So
is
it
most
necessarye
that
the
Court
,
the
person
,
and
the
life
of
a
Prince
,
be
ordered
and
corrected
more
then
that
of
all
others
:
for
euen
as
with
the
length
of
an
elme
all
the
whole
goods
of
a
Marchant
is
measured
,
so
with
the
life
of
the
Prince
all
the
whole
common-wealth
is
measured
.
PRinces
that
are
wise
indéed
,
doo
neuer
glorye
in
any
thing
more
then
to
kéepe
about
them
valiant
men
,
to
defend
their
state
,
and
prudent
men
to
gouerne
their
common-wealth
.
THose
which
are
to
counsell
,
to
instruct
,
and
to
giue
rule
to
the
life
of
Princes
:
ought
to
haue
their
iudgement
,
their
vnderstanding
,
their
woords
,
their
doctrine
,
and
their
manner
of
liuing
very
cleare
,
very
vpright
,
very
sound
,
and
without
blot
or
any
suspition
at
all
:
for
to
goe
about
to
handle
and
discourse
of
great
thinges
,
without
hauing
experience
▪
is
no
other
then
that
a
man
that
is
starke
blinde
should
goe
about
to
guide
an
other
that
dooth
see
verye
well
.
WHen
a
man
is
brought
to
those
tearmes
,
that
either
standing
still
or
going
forward
,
he
remaines
in
the
selfe
perrill
he
ought
to
apply
himself
to
practise
or
woorke
somwhat
,
for
whilste
he
standes
lingering
:
the
same
accidents
which
doo
holde
him
in
perrill
,
doo
stand
in
the
same
state
,
whereas
by
endeuouring
himselfe
to
practise
some
actions
,
either
he
may
finde
out
somewhat
that
may
saue
him
,
or
at
leastwise
,
not
finding
the
same
,
he
hath
shewed
that
he
hath
carried
a
minde
and
courage
,
to
knowe
how
to
seek
for
his
safetie
.
HE
is
very
presumpteous
that
dooth
dare
to
giue
counsell
to
a
prince
,
for
as
princes
in
many
matters
carry
lofty
imaginations
,
and
many
of
them
giue
libertie
to
the
reines
of
their
own
will
&
desires
:
so
we
finde
them
,
(
thinking
them
to
haue
them
propitious
)
more
incensed
against
vs
:
for
counsell
is
rather
more
damegeable
then
commodious
,
if
he
that
giues
the
same
be
not
of
excellent
iudgement
,
and
he
that
receiues
it
of
very
great
patience
.
GReat
is
that
worke
of
Fortune
,
when
a
notable
man
dooth
rise
vp
more
at
one
time
then
at
an
other
:
for
if
a
valiant
man
come
in
the
time
of
a
couragious
Prince
:
he
shall
be
holden
in
great
estimation
,
and
shall
be
sent
to
performe
worthie
enterprises
,
but
if
he
come
in
the
time
of
a
doutfull
and
fearefull
Prince
,
he
will
make
more
account
of
him
that
dooth
encrease
his
rents
,
then
of
him
that
dooth
ouercome
a
mighty
warre
,
or
makes
his
honor
great
and
famous
.
The
very
same
falles
out
,
in
respect
of
wise
and
vertuous
men
,
who
if
they
chaunce
to
come
in
the
time
of
a
vertuous
and
wise
Prince
,
they
shal
be
estéemed
and
honoured
,
but
if
they
spring
in
the
time
of
a
vitious
Prince
,
small
account
is
made
of
them
:
for
it
is
an
auncient
and
olde
custome
amongst
vaine
men
,
not
to
honour
those
that
be
profitable
to
the
Common-wealth
,
but
rather
those
that
are
most
gratefull
and
acceptable
to
the
Prince
.
PRinces
that
desire
much
to
be
good
,
ought
liuelye
to
know
euen
at
the
fingers
ends
,
what
the
procéeding
of
good
Princes
hath
beene
:
for
we
must
not
despise
all
that
which
is
blamed
of
wicked
men
▪
neither
accept
all
the
which
is
spoken
of
men
abroade
in
the
worlde
.
AS
there
be
certaine
lawes
sometimes
made
for
other
occasion
then
to
punishe
vice
,
so
there
be
some
rather
chastised
to
the
intent
that
they
may
receiue
losse
,
then
for
any
desire
that
the
lawes
which
condemnes
them
should
be
obserued
:
the
which
is
easily
knowne
,
when
it
is
discerned
and
séene
,
that
neither
the
Prince
his
fauourites
o●●●gnius
,
doo
leaue
off
that
vice
,
the
which
they
chastice
in
others
,
and
héereof
in
time
doo
spring
such
pernitious
effects
,
as
scarse
are
to
be
credited
,
besides
that
it
is
of
it selfe
a
thing
of
most
wicked
example
.
NO
man
ought
to
be
more
carefull
of
any
thing
,
then
to
searche
out
those
that
maye
aduise
and
counsell
him
how
to
gouerne
the
Common-wealth
well
,
and
how
to
maintaine
his
estate
with
iustice
,
the
which
is
not
to
be
perfourmed
with
woordes
that
terrifie
,
neither
with
déedes
that
scandalize
,
but
gentlenes
and
curtisies
that
may
embolden
their
harts
,
and
with
good
woorks
that
may
edifie
them
,
for
a
woorthye
,
noble
and
gentle
hart
cannot
make
resistance
,
if
he
that
commaunds
be
of
good
life
and
behauiour
.
AS
in
the
head
of
a
man
are
placed
the
sence
of
smelling
and
hearing
,
so
a
Prince
which
is
the
head
of
the
common-wealth
must
giue
eare
to
al
those
that
are
oppressed
,
and
know
all
those
that
serue
him
,
to
the
intent
to
reward
them
for
their
seruice
.
I
Haue
many
times
séene
large
experience
of
one
thing
in
this
worlde
worthie
to
be
noted
,
that
as
there
is
to
be
found
one
amongst
the
good
,
which
is
of
marke
for
his
singuler
goodnes
:
so
amongst
the
wicked
there
dooth
appeare
one
extreamely
wicked
,
but
the
wurst
is
,
that
the
vertuous
man
doth
not
obteine
so
much
glorie
for
his
vertue
,
as
the
wicked
through
his
wickednes
,
possesseth
impudence
:
for
vertue
makes
a
man
naturally
discreet
,
and
vice
makes
him
dissolute
.
AMongst
wicked
men
the
tippe
and
height
of
their
euill
is
,
that
forgetting
themselues
to
be
men
,
and
treading
reason
vnder
foot
,
they
wander
farre
astray
from
the
trueth
and
from
vertuous
men
,
and
let
slacke
their
raines
with
liberty
to
followe
vice
:
for
if
it
be
an
euill
thing
that
one
should
be
wicked
,
it
is
much
more
euill
to
procure
that
an
other
should
not
be
good
.
PRinces
in
aduerse
times
ought
not
to
become
terrified
,
amased
or
ameruailed
,
but
rather
resist
their
enemies
,
alwaies
with
the
firme
and
staide
counsell
of
mature
men
,
and
with
the
counsell
of
those
that
be
olde
and
wise
.
THat
man
which
is
oppressed
,
dooth
ordinarily
cry
after
the
change
of
Fortune
:
And
there
is
nothing
more
abhorred
of
a
man
in
felicitie
,
then
to
thinke
how
full
Fortune
is
of
mutabilitie
:
for
the
oppressed
doth
imagine
,
that
by
changing
oftentimes
,
his
state
may
growe
to
be
better
:
but
the
man
that
is
in
felicitie
,
dooth
think
y●
one
change
of
Fortune
,
may
throw
him
down
headlong
into
the
deapth
of
disgrace
and
miserie
.
CErtaine
wise
men
giue
this
rule
,
that
when
the
Common-wealth
will
choose
a
Gouernour
,
let
them
haue
care
,
that
he
haue
béen
before
hand
at
the
least
tenne
yeeres
in
the
warres
,
for
he
only
is
able
to
maintaine
the
desired
peace
:
who
by
experience
hath
tryed
the
toiles
and
the
troubles
of
warrefare
.
THere
is
no
doubt
but
that
a
Prince
when
hee
measureth
his
forces
,
dooth
playe
a
very
wise
parte
,
for
if
he
possesse
but
small
and
consumes
much
,
he
shall
be
assured
either
to
loose
his
principalitie
,
or
else
become
a
Tirant
.
IT
dooth
much
consist
in
the
handes
of
the
people
,
that
their
Gouernours
be
good
or
euill
:
for
there
is
no
Prince
that
is
so
humble
or
lowlye
,
that
he
can
alwaies
dissemble
his
euill
and
wickednes
,
neither
any
such
a
tirant
,
but
that
sometimes
hee
will
take
notice
of
that
which
is
good
.
THere
is
nothing
in
this
worlde
which
dooth
more
make
Common-wealths
to
runne
into
ruine
,
then
when
the
prince
giues
consent
or
permits
that
nouelties
arise
in
his
kingdome
,
and
that
those
which
ought
to
obeye
,
liue
in
greater
securitie
then
Princes
and
great
Lords
.
PRinces
doo
not
gaine
honour
for
going
enuironed
with
wicked
men
,
for
heaping
vp
treasures
,
for
killing
the
innocents
,
for
taking
from
others
their
goods
:
but
for
being
conuersant
with
those
that
be
good
,
for
straite
familiaritie
with
the
wicked
,
bringes
the
life
of
a
good
man
to
be
suspected
.
For
spending
his
riches
in
good
woorkes
(
it
beeing
a
thing
by
proofe
verye
manifest
,
that
that
man
which
makes
account
of
his
fame
,
estéemes
little
of
mony
)
for
routing
out
tirants
,
(
for
that
the
good
hermonye
in
the
gouernment
of
a
Prince
dooth
consist
in
chastesing
of
the
wicked
and
rewarding
the
good
)
and
for
the
giuing
fréelye
of
that
which
is
his
own
,
for
nothing
dooth
make
more
notable
the
maiestie
of
a
Prince
,
then
to
shew
his
greatnes
in
helping
of
others
,
and
not
to
be
gréedy
to
be
ouerpassed
,
and
aduauntaged
by
others
.
TWo
things
makes
a
cittie
safe
and
secure
,
and
brings
vnto
those
that
gouernes
the
same
,
praise
and
honour
:
the
one
is
,
when
it
is
garded
by
the
most
mighty
,
and
kept
and
conserued
with
due
defence
:
the
other
is
,
if
the
Gouernours
doo
ioyne
and
knit
themselues
together
in
amitie
with
their
neighbours
,
without
the
which
they
cannot
fréely
conduct
victua●les
and
other
necessarye
thinges
from
one
place
to
another
in
safetie
.
A
Prince
or
Lord
that
desires
to
be
obeyed
,
it
is
necessary
that
what
he
commaundes
be
first
obserued
to
be
in
his
owne
person
:
for
no
Lord
or
Prince
can
well
withdrawe
or
exempt
himselfe
from
vertuous
opperations
,
for
so
much
as
a
Prince
being
an
example
to
others
,
is
bound
to
vse
such
actions
and
opperations
,
that
he
may
become
a
woorthye
and
notable
example
to
those
that
he
gouernes
.
IF
a
Prince
would
knowe
for
what
end
he
is
a
Prince
,
I
would
tell
him
to
gouerne
well
and
to
be
patient
when
he
is
tolde
that
men
murmure
at
his
dooinges
,
forsomuch
as
finallye
they
are
men
,
and
become
handled
like
men
,
neither
can
they
shunne
the
miseries
of
men
:
and
neuer
was
there
any
Prince
in
this
worlde
,
but
that
he
was
touched
yea
and
torne
with
the
tunges
of
wicked
persons
,
for
they
are
subiectes
to
those
two
euents
,
that
if
they
be
wicked
:
they
incurre
the
euill
will
of
those
that
be
good
,
and
if
they
be
good
:
soddainly
all
those
that
be
wicked
murmure
.
THere
be
two
thinges
amongst
the
rest
that
woorke
great
effectes
against
the
State
:
the
one
is
ambition
,
the
other
is
desperation
,
neuerthelesse
,
the
second
is
much
woorsse
then
the
first
:
for
so
much
as
ambition
may
expect
occasion
and
oppertunitie
,
but
so
cannot
desperation
:
it
being
a
Subiect
vnto
the
which
there
beeing
no
time
permitted
or
graunted
it
,
neither
can
nor
is
able
to
graunt
it
to
others
.
TO
receiue
losse
,
is
neuer
good
of
his
owne
nature
,
yet
it
is
very
true
that
it
may
sometimes
accidently
helpe
and
benefite
when
it
is
receiued
and
dooth
chaunce
vnto
men
that
be
of
good
vnderstanding
:
for
it
is
an
occasion
to
bring
them
to
be
of
great
experience
,
since
there
is
a
fewe
if
once
they
haue
not
proued
the
euill
,
will
enter
into
conceite
or
beléeue
that
the
same
is
such
as
it
is
:
whereof
it
ariseth
that
those
that
be
vnexpert
and
ignorant
in
their
affaires
,
doo
euer
procéede
either
with
ouer-great
rashenes
,
wheras
if
once
they
haue
tasted
the
wrath
of
fortune
,
they
become
more
warie
,
carefull
,
and
prouident
.
PRinces
ought
to
studye
to
indeuour
themselues
to
vse
such
conuersation
with
their
Subiects
,
that
they
may
make
choise
rather
to
serue
them
for
their
good
wills
,
then
for
wages
and
rewardes
,
for
when
money
begins
to
deminish
,
their
seruice
likewise
beginnes
to
diminish
,
and
a
thousand
troubles
dooth
folowe
them
,
which
doo
not
serue
with
a
good
hart
,
for
he
that
dooth
loue
with
all
his
whole
affection
,
dooth
not
become
arrogant
in
propertie
:
doth
not
withdraw
himselfe
in
aduerse
fortune
,
dooth
not
complain
of
his
pouertye
▪
dooth
not
grudge
at
the
small
fauour
which
is
vsed
towardes
him
,
neither
dooth
departe
from
him
in
time
of
persecution
,
and
bréefly
that
course
of
life
and
loue
doth
neuer
take
end
vntill
the
houre
of
death
.
PRinces
without
doubt
haue
greater
néede
to
haue
about
them
more
wiseand
prudent
men
,
(
to
the
intent
〈◊〉
preuaile
by
them
,
and
to
vse
their
counsell
)
then
any
other
whosoeuer
:
for
since
they
are
to
stand
in
centernell
and
watch
to
beholde
and
discouer
what
the
dooings
of
all
others
be
,
they
haue
lesse
liberty
or
licence
then
their
subiects
haue
to
commit
errours
,
for
euen
as
they
haue
liberty
to
beholde
and
iudge
of
others
,
euen
so
are
they
behelde
and
iudged
of
others
:
without
any
licence
or
liberty
granted
them
so
to
doo
.
EUery
state
ought
to
desire
peace
,
and
thereof
to
make
demonstrations
both
with
déeds
and
with
woords
:
but
for
al
that
they
ought
to
shew
themselues
in
military
preparations
and
prouisions
most
warlicke
,
for
a
disarmed
peace
is
weake
and
féeble
:
neither
dooth
there
séeme
to
be
contradiction
betwixt
the
desiring
of
peace
,
and
to
arme
our selues
:
since
there
is
nothing
more
fréend
to
ease
and
peace
,
then
knowledge
and
specculation
:
to
the
antiquitie
it
did
seeme
conuenient
that
the
image
of
Pallace
which
is
the
Goddesse
of
science
,
should
be
portraited
and
figured
armed
.
DUetie
requires
that
a
fréend
doo
indeuour
him selfe
to
yéeld
helpe
vnto
an
other
freend
,
and
must
not
expect
and
tarry
vntill
he
be
requested
,
for
he
that
dooth
so
,
dooth
not
only
offer
it
thankfully
,
but
dooth
also
cause
it
to
be
receiued
as
thankfully
:
preuenting
and
taking
away
in
his
fréend
a
certaine
shamefastnes
and
feare
which
dooth
alwaies
accompany
the
demaunder
,
wherby
it
comes
to
passe
that
he
receiues
it
with
a
more
gratefull
minde
,
and
with
greater
disposition
to
yéelde
the
like
againe
in
exchange
.
A
Prince
dooth
playe
a
verye
wise
parte
,
when
he
dooth
procure
to
haue
prudent
and
valiant
Captaines
for
the
warres
,
but
without
comparison
it
is
much
better
to
kéepe
in
his
Courte
wise
men
,
for
the
victories
of
battailes
dooth
finally
consist
in
the
force
of
many
,
but
the
gouernement
of
the
Common-wealth
sometimes
is
referred
and
credited
,
to
the
aduise
and
iudgement
of
one
alone
.
THat
particular
loue
that
princes
very
often
shew
more
to
one
then
to
another
,
is
a
thousand
times
occasion
of
gréeuous
alterations
in
kingdomes
,
for
by
reason
that
one
is
in
disgrace
and
out
of
fauour
,
and
another
in
loue
and
credit
:
there
dooth
spring
vp
harmefull
hates
,
pernitious
thoughtes
and
great
enuye
,
the
end
whereof
is
wicked
woordes
,
and
finallye
wicked
déedes
.
And
therefore
that
Prince
that
dooth
make
any
difference
in
conuersation
with
those
that
be
equall
,
dooth
kindle
and
set
fire
in
his
Common-wealth
.
AMongst
all
other
offices
,
there
is
none
wursse
,
then
to
take
charge
to
chastise
other
mens
vices
▪
and
therefore
a
wise
man
ought
to
flée
this
care
,
like
the
infection
of
the
plague
,
for
to
reprehend
vices
:
dooth
spring
greater
hate
against
him
that
dooth
chastice
,
them
there
doth
grow
amendment
in
him
that
is
chasticed
.
PRinces
and
wise
men
ought
to
prohibite
that
seditious
persons
doo
not
disturbe
the
quiet
of
the
people
,
for
when
the
people
doo
rise
,
the
desire
of
riches
is
wakened
,
couetousnes
doth
encrease
,
iustice
doth
fall
of
it selfe
,
wicked
persons
preuaile
,
good
men
are
reprehended
:
and
finally
,
euery
one
dooth
reioyce
to
liue
to
the
preiudice
of
others
,
to
the
intent
they
may
set
forward
their
déeds
to
prefer
their
own
proper
commodities
.
ALthough
we
excuse
ordinarilye
the
fault
of
any
man
that
hath
committed
the
same
,
notwithstanding
there
is
no
man
found
faultie
,
nor
any
fault
which
dooth
not
merite
punishment
:
for
if
he
did
commit
the
same
in
his
rage
vpon
the
suddaine
,
it
was
a
great
euill
and
offence
:
but
if
he
committed
the
same
,
pondering
the
case
before
hand
,
and
with
deliberation
,
it
was
much
wursse
.
IT
is
very
good
that
we
goe
about
to
doo
all
thinges
with
reason
,
and
it
is
good
that
we
doo
guide
all
our
enterprises
in
order
▪
but
yet
in
this
there
falles
out
to
be
great
difficulties
.
For
wise
and
staid
men
in
perfourming
their
affaires
,
doo
consider
,
reuolue
&
compasse
with
such
diligence
those
inconueniences
that
may
spring
in
the
same
,
that
they
neuer
almost
determine
to
resolue
vpon
any
finall
end
.
REason
requires
,
that
that
Cittizen
which
is
in
the
state
of
a
priuate
person
,
is
affable
and
curteous
with
his
frends
when
he
doth
arise
afterwards
to
beare
the
title
of
a
Magistrate
,
that
he
should
maintaine
himself
with
them
in
the
selfe-same
degrée
of
humanitie
:
for
euen
as
to
become
proude
through
the
obtaining
of
perpetuall
honours
newly
gotten
either
by
Fortune
or
by
valour
:
is
a
demonstratiue
signe
of
a
vile
&
abiect
minde
.
So
to
become
hautie
through
the
office
of
a
Magistrate
,
which
is
shortly
to
take
ende
:
is
the
signe
of
a
minde
that
dooth
possesse
small
modesty
and
vertue
,
for
although
honours
do
change
manners
and
humours
of
men
,
yet
for
all
that
they
ought
to
change
them
not
into
wursse
,
but
into
better
.
ALl
persons
of
iudgement
that
desire
to
obtaine
any
thing
that
is
difficile
to
attaine
vnto
,
procure
to
haue
meanes
to
be
able
to
obtain
it
,
for
many
things
are
broght
to
passe
if
a
man
haue
any
great
or
good
facility
&
dexterity
in
them
,
which
we
lose
when
we
go
about
to
get
them
by
force
.
A
Man
must
(
so
farre
as
is
possible
)
kéep
himself
from
emulations
which
are
of
most
naughty
nature
,
and
endowed
with
apparent
customes
,
which
haue
in
their
mouth
the
contrarye
to
that
which
is
their
minde
:
and
must
double
their
tung
,
not
suffering
it
vnaduisedlye
to
breake
the
bonds
and
the
two
bulwarkes
of
the
teeth
and
the
lips
,
amongst
which
nature
hath
shut
vp
the
tung
as
in
the
midst
of
a
strong
and
double
Fortresse
.
HE
that
doth
inuade
&
occupie
a
state
,
must
gain
the
fauour
of
the
souldiers
with
rewards
and
gifts
,
the
good
willes
and
grace
of
the
people
with
the
abundance
of
the
Cittie
,
the
beneuolence
of
the
vniuersall
cuntrie
,
with
ease
and
with
peace
,
and
afterwards
draw
vnto
him
the
affairs
and
actions
of
the
old
gouernment
,
that
of
the
magistrats
,
and
togither
with
the
same
:
the
authoritie
of
the
lawe
.
TO
a
general
&
captain
besides
his
knowledge
in
the
art
of
wars
,
it
appertains
to
him
to
be
indewed
with
magnanimity
,
temperance
,
fortitude
,
liberality
&
prudence
,
to
him
it
is
requisit
to
carry
authority
in
his
déeds
,
grauity
in
his
woords
,
and
to
kéep
faith
in
his
promise
,
moreouer
he
must
disgest
and
discourse
vpon
his
affaires
with
great
aduisement
,
deliberate
vpon
them
with
mature
iudgements
:
and
execute
them
with
great
celeritie
.
In
his
countenaunce
he
must
shewe
himselfe
vnto
his
Souldiers
wilde
,
alegre
and
sterne
,
he
ought
to
be
pleasant
,
humaine
and
benigne
towards
men
,
neuertheles
,
obseruing
alwaies
together
with
that
manner
of
behauiour
,
his
degrée
and
the
decorum
of
his
dignitie
:
that
he
neither
with
his
ouer-much
familiaritie
and
homelines
make
his
armye
become
dissolute
and
of
small
obedience
,
neither
with
ouer-much
severitie
bring
them
to
be
his
enemies
:
and
for
so
much
as
the
beneuolence
of
the
Souldiers
is
the
most
certaine
hope
to
obtaine
victorie
,
he
must
so
frame
his
actions
,
that
not
onelye
they
may
carry
towards
him
a
due
respect
and
reuerence
,
but
that
they
may
more-ouer
loue
one
another
greatlye
,
and
him
especially
,
therefore
he
ought
alwaies
to
reward
and
honour
those
that
merites
and
contrariwise
reproche
and
punish
those
that
are
faultie
.
THe
power
of
Fortune
is
very
great
in
all
humain
operations
,
yet
greater
in
military
affaires
then
in
any
other
,
but
vnstable
,
vnmeasurable
and
infinite
in
the
deedes
of
armes
.
Where
a
commaundement
euill
vnderstoode
,
an
appointed
order
euil
executed
,
one
rash
temeritie
,
one
vain
voice
euen
of
the
meanest
souldier
,
dooth
oftentimes
carry
the
victorie
to
them
which
appeare
to
be
ouercommen
,
where
at
vnawares
doo
rise
innumerable
Accidents
,
which
are
impossible
to
be
foreséene
or
gouerned
by
the
counsel
of
the
Generall
or
Captaines
.
HE
dooth
most
easilye
deceiue
others
,
who
is
reported
neuer
to
deceiue
,
and
which
dooth
couer
with
falshood
that
which
is
true
.
ONe
Iudge
alone
dooth
very
well
and
easily
discearne
matters
,
as
well
those
that
be
true
,
as
those
that
be
sinisterly
enterpreted
,
for
so
much
as
hate
and
enuy
where
they
are
many
,
may
perfourme
much
more
.
HOw
much
greater
,
and
how
much
more
important
things
are
:
so
much
more
they
are
spoken
of
,
and
so
muche
lesse
we
doo
gather
and
groape
out
the
trueth
,
in
respect
that
one
sorte
of
men
beleeue
and
declare
for
true
,
those
things
that
they
haue
heard
,
whether
they
be
true
or
false
:
othersome
,
although
part
of
those
things
be
true
,
yet
alwaies
they
reporte
them
otherwise
than
they
are
,
and
so
with
time
they
encrease
,
and
those
that
come
after
to
those
things
that
they
haue
heard
of
their
Auncestours
,
do
alwaies
adde
and
ioyne
some-thing
more
.
THe
heauens
doo
seldome
times
graunt
that
the
greatnes
of
priuat
persons
neare
vnto
Princes
,
doo
endure
perpetually
,
for
that
the
one
or
the
other
dooth
washe
them
away
,
hauing
than
graunted
the
whole
:
there
rests
no
more
for
them
to
gape
after
.
AT
the
hands
of
the
Prince
is
alwaies
expected
something
more
high
and
greater
then
of
others
:
And
as
euerye
one
in
particular
dooth
receiue
a
good
parte
,
those
thinges
that
be
well
doone
of
him
:
so
contrariwise
,
the
Prince
is
onely
the
man
vpon
whom
doth
fall
all
the
hate
and
euill
will
of
vniuersall
errours
.
TO
procure
fauours
and
authorities
,
sometimes
with
pompe
and
libertye
,
somtimes
with
watchfulnes
and
industrie
,
are
harmfull
and
pernitious
meanes
when
they
are
vsed
fainedlye
,
to
open
the
way
to
principalitye
,
and
therfore
it
is
the
sayings
of
wise
men
,
that
the
pathes
that
leades
other
men
to
principalities
is
very
rough
and
difficil
,
but
when
once
a
man
is
entred
and
slipt
into
them
,
the
fauours
and
helpes
of
many
doo
concurre
on
all
sides
.
I
Oftentimes
doubt
in
my selfe
,
whether
it
be
giuen
to
Princes
from
their
birth
(
as
in
other
thinges
it
is
)
to
become
propitious
and
fauourable
towards
these
,
and
froward
and
cruell
towards
these
others
:
or
that
is
infused
and
placed
in
our
industrie
,
by
means
wherof
it
is
graunted
vs
to
walke
in
a
meane
path
,
to
the
intent
that
ouer
obstinately
we
doo
not
oppose
our selues
against
those
that
rule
:
and
yet
neuerthelesse
,
we
are
not
to
suffer
our selues
to
fall
headlong
into
a
shamefull
flatterie
and
seruitude
,
but
we
ought
to
procéed
in
such
sorte
,
that
neither
through
ambition
,
neither
through
ouer
great
couetousnes
of
glory
,
we
yéeld
our selues
ouercome
,
and
therfore
with
greater
security
we
doo
leade
our
liues
,
and
with
lesse
perrill
,
if
we
make
our selues
subiect
.
THe
number
of
those
was
alwaies
verye
small
,
that
knew
how
with
prudence
to
distinguish
&
discearne
the
good
from
the
euil
,
or
the
profitable
from
the
damageable
,
but
are
accustomed
for
the
most
part
by
other
mens
euents
and
chaunces
to
become
better
and
more
prudent
.
THings
that
are
not
premeditated
,
doo
hurt
much
more
without
comparison
,
then
those
that
are
foreseen
,
therfore
I
call
the
mind
of
him
great
,
couragious
&
experte
,
which
doth
wel
gouern
himself
,
and
is
not
astonished
at
these
perils
&
accidents
which
chaunce
vpon
a
sodain
&
vnawares
.
THat
common
saying
which
is
in
the
mouth
of
wise
men
of
our
time
,
did
neuer
please
the
antiquitie
,
if
it
be
true
:
that
is
,
that
we
ought
to
enioye
the
benefite
of
time
,
for
that
they
did
choose
rather
to
enioy
prudence
and
vertue
,
for
so
much
as
time
dooth
choose
before
it
al
things
,
and
may
come
with
it
aswell
the
euill
as
the
good
,
but
prudence
and
vertue
doth
bring
foorth
nothing
but
that
which
is
good
.
ALthough
to
know
the
particular
thoughts
of
man
,
be
a
thing
proper
to
God
:
neuertheles
,
to
know
in
generall
the
naturall
inclination
of
a
people
or
of
any
other
Prouince
,
is
a
most
easie
thing
,
for
the
workes
and
operations
therof
being
publike
,
it
is
requisite
that
they
shew
of
force
their
mindes
and
desires
,
forth
of
the
which
afterwardes
wise
men
doo
gather
either
more
or
lesse
then
perticular
draughts
and
determinations
,
according
to
the
capacity
of
him
,
that
hath
the
charge
to
penetrate
and
enter
so
farre
.
I
Was
of
opinion
that
I
could
not
perseuer
and
discouer
with
often
reuoluing
and
thinking
vpon
that
which
I
could
not
discearne
at
the
first
sight
:
but
I
knowe
by
proofe
that
how
much
the
more
a
man
doth
think
vpon
his
affaires
:
so
much
the
better
they
are
vnderstoode
,
and
so
much
the
better
they
are
perfourmed
.
PRinces
haue
soddainlye
and
spéedily
that
which
comes
in
their
appetite
to
desire
,
and
therefore
onelye
this
aboue
all
other
things
,
and
without
any
stay
they
ought
to
procure
,
that
their
praise
and
glory
maye
at
all
times
and
specially
if
their
posteritie
be
celibrated
:
for
if
there
be
any
one
that
dooth
goe
about
to
dispraise
the
fame
and
memorye
of
the
posteritie
,
he
makes
shewe
that
he
is
not
studious
in
that
vertue
by
the
which
the
same
is
obtained
.
PRiuat
men
in
their
determinations
ought
to
haue
consideration
of
that
which
may
be
profitable
for
them
,
but
the
condition
and
qualitie
of
a
Prince
is
of
an
other
sorte
,
for
in
their
actions
they
are
to
haue
respecte
to
their
fame
and
good
name
.
PRinces
were
not
first
created
to
benefite
themselues
:
for
by
that
means
no
man
should
be
put
to
so
gréeuous
seruilitie
,
but
to
profit
the
people
,
to
the
intent
they
might
be
wel
gouerned
,
therfore
when
a
prince
hath
more
respect
to
himself
than
to
his
people
,
he
is
no
more
a
Prince
but
a
Tirant
.
SUbiects
are
better
content
to
haue
the
prince
néer
hand
then
far
off
,
for
desiring
to
be
good
they
haue
more
occasion
to
loue
him
,
and
delighting
to
be
wicked
more
occasion
to
feare
him
:
besides
that
there
doth
arise
an
other
benefit
that
whosoeuer
goes
about
to
assault
the
State
,
doth
remain
therby
the
more
duetifull
,
and
if
he
should
resolue
vppon
the
same
,
yet
can
he
very
hardly
ouercome
▪
for
the
presence
of
the
prince
doth
woorke
greater
&
more
liuely
effect
in
the
mindes
of
those
that
obay
,
then
the
memory
together
with
the
hope
that
is
had
of
his
comming
can
be
able
to
performe
.
GReatnes
of
State
is
better
kept
with
discréete
and
moderate
counsell
,
then
with
ouer-braue
rash
&
headlong
handling
of
our
affaires
.
A
Generall
or
Captaine
that
dooth
take
glorye
and
honour
for
his
full
scope
and
finall
ende
,
ought
to
indeuour
himselfe
to
obtain
fame
:
not
with
the
toyle
and
with
the
perrils
of
others
(
as
many
are
vsed
to
doo
)
but
with
the
sweat
and
danger
of
his
own
person
,
and
by
the
means
of
his
proper
vertue
:
and
since
it
is
a
déed
worthy
of
no
lesse
praise
to
extinguishe
the
warres
with
counsel
,
then
to
end
it
by
armes
:
he
must
goe
about
sometimes
to
doo
the
one
,
somtimes
to
doo
the
other
:
and
let
him
carrye
well
in
minde
that
the
first
successe
of
things
,
are
those
that
doo
make
him
fearefull
to
the
enemy
:
and
contrariwise
,
to
be
despised
,
and
to
be
had
in
small
consideration
:
for
such
as
is
the
beginning
,
such
oftentimes
is
the
end
accustomed
to
be
.
Let
him
likewise
be
circumspect
in
vsing
of
artificiall
deceites
,
for
small
sinceritie
or
faithfull
procéeding
is
suspected
of
him
,
that
men
once
haue
conceiued
in
opinion
to
be
wunted
to
gouerne
himselfe
with
doublenes
and
artificiall
meanes
.
WE
ought
euer
to
carry
this
consideration
in
all
causes
to
maintaine
our
dignitie
,
the
which
we
oftentimes
loose
with
haste
to
shew
to
be
resolute
in
any
thing
,
for
those
that
haue
to
resolue
vs
doo
estéeme
(
beholding
our
instance
and
care
)
that
our
necessitie
is
greater
,
then
perchaunce
it
is
,
wherby
it
comes
to
passe
,
that
the
standing
vpon
their
punctor
,
and
make
shewe
to
doo
vs
a
pleasure
,
as
though
it
did
proceed
of
great
frendly
curtesie
,
although
indéed
it
fall
out
to
be
for
their
profit
,
many
times
there
ariseth
a
certain
pertinacie
in
them
,
of
whom
those
things
he
demaunded
,
which
indéed
dooth
woork
their
owne
losse
,
for
by
reason
of
our
haste
,
and
of
the
great
instance
made
to
them
,
they
become
more
proud
,
and
doo
not
take
the
offered
occasions
.
AS
it
is
a
thing
most
certain
,
that
warres
are
ouercome
by
preuentions
&
by
diuersions
,
so
it
is
most
true
that
he
receiues
naughty
counsell
,
that
without
euident
necessity
,
makes
an
other
mans
warres
,
his
own
proper
quarrell
.
A
Capable
wit
that
knows
how
to
make
choise
of
time
hath
no
occasion
to
lament
him selfe
that
his
life
should
be
shorte
,
for
he
that
can
applye
himselfe
to
infinite
things
,
and
spend
his
time
profitably
dooth
gaine
time
.
MAny
preache
liberty
,
that
if
they
did
hope
to
haue
a
benefite
more
of
a
State
that
is
straite
,
then
of
a
free
:
they
would
run
thither
in
poaste
,
for
euery
one
hath
respect
to
his
owne
proper
profit
,
and
fewe
are
to
be
found
that
haue
knowledge
of
glory
and
honour
.
EUery
one
in
this
worlde
commits
errours
,
forth
of
the
which
doth
arise
damage
either
more
or
lesse
,
according
to
the
accidents
and
chaunces
that
dooth
followe
the
same
,
but
those
haue
very
euill
hopes
that
abase
and
intangle
themselues
in
things
of
small
importance
,
wherof
succeeds
small
losse
and
as
small
dishonour
.
HE
that
desires
,
to
be
beloued
of
his
Superiours
,
it
is
requisite
that
he
shewe
himselfe
to
vse
respect
and
reuerence
towards
them
▪
For
nothing
doth
more
offend
the
mindes
of
our
betters
,
then
that
it
should
séeme
vnto
them
that
we
doo
not
carry
that
respect
and
that
reuerence
towards
them
,
that
they
iudge
dooth
appertaine
vnto
them
.
WHosoeuer
hath
the
charge
of
a
Cittie
that
is
to
be
besieged
or
assaulted
,
ought
to
make
most
mightye
foundations
and
grounds
vpon
all
those
remedies
which
prolong
the
time
,
and
to
estéeme
very
muche
euerye
thing
(
although
it
be
verye
small
)
that
takes
away
time
from
the
enemy
:
for
oftentimes
one
day
,
one
hower
of
aduauntage
doth
bring
foorth
some
accidents
that
may
set
them
frée
and
at
liberty
.
HE
deceiues
himselfe
that
resolues
vpon
the
firste
aduertisementes
that
come
and
are
brought
him
touching
his
affaires
,
for
they
alwaies
ariue
with
greater
heate
and
with
greater
terrour
,
then
they
fall
out
to
be
,
when
they
grow
to
effect
:
therfore
he
that
is
not
constrained
by
necessitie
,
let
him
alwaies
expect
the
second
aduertisements
,
and
the
rest
one
after
another
.
IT
is
almost
impossible
,
but
that
he
which
with
a
great
and
wonderfull
efficacie
dooth
affirme
a
thing
:
should
raise
some
ambiguitie
,
to
beleeue
the
contrary
,
yea
in
the
mindes
of
those
that
are
resolutely
determined
.
WHen
we
proceed
to
giue
beginning
to
the
execution
of
any
new
,
great
and
difficill
thing
although
it
be
already
thorowly
determined
vpon
:
but
diuers
reasons
present
themselues
vnto
the
mindes
of
men
,
which
in
contrary
sence
may
be
considered
.
IT
is
very
perilous
to
gouerne
our selues
by
examples
,
if
the
selfesame
reasons
doo
not
concurre
as
well
in
the
generall
as
also
in
the
particular
pointes
,
if
the
affaires
be
not
ruled
with
the
same
prudence
,
and
if
besides
that
,
in
all
the
other
grounds
and
foundations
the
verye
selfe
fortune
doo
not
play
his
parte
to
woorke
the
like
effects
.
EUen
as
to
suffer
our selues
to
be
ouercome
by
our
affections
,
is
a
seruile
act
:
so
to
restraine
our
rage
&
ire
which
is
an
impediment
to
our
counsell
,
to
vse
victorye
temporatly
,
which
of
it
owne
nature
is
proude
and
insolent
:
to
rule
our selues
and
appetites
,
which
is
the
parte
of
a
staide
and
woorthy
hart
,
and
to
be
humaine
,
benigne
,
and
liberall
towardes
our
enemie
:
is
truelye
a
most
famous
and
princelye
qualitye
,
woorthye
of
diuine
and
eternall
memory
.
THere
is
nothing
more
proper
,
more
conuenient
,
more
necessary
,
or
more
profitable
to
a
Prince
,
then
to
be
iust
,
liberall
and
benigne
,
for
it
appertaines
to
their
power
and
greatnes
:
to
be
mindefull
of
the
oppressed
,
and
to
releeue
other
mens
calamities
,
and
speciallye
for
Kinges
who
are
the
liuely
images
of
God
.
WIcked
and
naughty
persons
haue
power
to
doo
euill
,
and
although
they
doo
it
not
,
it
is
not
so
gratefull
to
behold
that
they
doo
it
not
,
as
it
is
noisome
to
thinke
that
they
may
doo
it
:
and
therefore
without
doubt
it
is
a
miserable
thing
to
haue
before
our
eyes
that
person
that
without
any
feare
,
alwaies
when
he
will
maye
harme
.
And
it
most
séems
an
impossible
thing
that
he
dooth
not
hurt
,
For
knowing
that
the
good
cannot
keepe
companye
or
consorte
with
him
,
it
is
behouefull
for
him
to
beare
them
hatred
,
and
knowing
that
they
are
followed
and
fauoured
of
all
the
rest
that
be
good
:
it
behoues
him
likewise
to
stand
in
feare
of
them
.
Now
therfore
to
escape
from
him
that
hates
,
that
feares
,
and
that
hath
power
to
doo
euill
:
dooth
arise
more
of
aduenture
then
reason
.
MY
opinion
is
,
that
if
nobilitie
and
grauitie
(
I
speak
of
that
,
wherof
men
superficially
make
such
estimation
)
doo
not
consist
in
any
other
thing
then
in
the
long
succession
of
our
auncestours
beginnings
and
euents
,
and
of
good
counsel
:
He
may
be
called
most
noble
&
most
graue
,
whose
knowledge
and
whose
counsell
doth
spring
from
these
accidents
that
are
borne
from
the
beginning
of
the
world
euen
vntill
this
present
time
.
EUen
as
it
is
a
great
offence
for
vs
to
praise
those
things
that
are
of
wicked
and
pernitious
example
:
so
it
is
no
lesse
sinne
and
shame
to
burye
those
in
obliuion
the
which
through
their
merites
of
vertue
,
deserue
to
be
most
highly
celebrated
.
THat
Common-wealth
where
iustice
is
found
for
the
poore
,
chastisement
for
those
that
be
insolent
&
tirants
,
weight
and
measure
in
those
things
that
are
solde
for
the
vse
of
man
,
exercise
and
discipline
amongst
yong
men
,
small
couetousnes
amongst
olde
persons
:
can
neuer
perishe
.
A
Prince
ought
not
to
beléeue
,
that
to
make
choise
of
a
good
maister
for
his
sonne
is
of
small
importance
,
for
if
in
this
point
he
doo
not
vse
very
great
diligence
,
he
dooth
burden
himselfe
with
a
great
fault
:
my
opinion
therefore
is
,
that
he
ought
not
to
giue
the
office
of
instructing
his
Sonne
in
such
sort
as
other
offices
are
giuen
,
that
is
either
for
requestes
,
either
for
giftes
,
either
for
importunitie
,
either
for
ametie
,
either
else
in
respect
to
reward
some
seruice
,
for
although
some
of
his
subiects
haue
béen
Ambassadours
in
strange
and
forraine
Countries
,
or
the
Generall
of
his
armye
,
or
that
he
hath
borne
in
his
royall
Courte
great
offices
,
yet
for
all
that
it
followes
not
,
that
he
should
be
apt
to
instruct
the
Sonne
of
his
Prince
.
For
to
be
a
good
Generall
,
it
is
requisite
for
him
to
be
ful
of
valour
,
and
verye
fortunate
:
but
to
be
the
maister
and
instructour
of
a
Prince
,
it
is
necessary
that
he
be
indowed
with
great
vertue
,
ioyned
together
with
a
setled
and
staide
minde
.
IN
the
aduerse
chaunces
of
our
life
,
and
in
the
persecutions
of
fortune
,
where
industrie
and
force
dooth
a
little
helpe
,
it
is
the
best
remedy
to
esteem
of
them
like
men
,
and
to
disseemble
them
like
prudent
persons
.
HE
that
takes
in
hand
to
performe
any
enterprise
,
and
afterwardes
dooth
not
know
how
to
issue
foorth
of
the
same
,
or
to
bring
it
to
an
end
,
either
he
shall
faile
in
Conscience
,
or
it
is
ouer
troublesome
and
tedious
,
for
he
that
is
afraide
of
shame
,
and
dooth
possesse
a
worthie
&
noble
hart
,
either
must
make
an
end
of
that
enterprise
he
hath
taken
vpon
him
,
or
else
declare
the
occasion
that
moues
him
to
giue
it
ouer
.
THis
difference
is
discerned
betwixt
one
Prince
and
an
other
,
that
he
that
is
euill
is
onely
obeyed
,
but
he
that
is
good
,
is
both
obeyed
and
loued
,
and
besides
that
a
good
and
vertuous
prince
,
makes
hard
enterprises
to
séem
light
but
with
a
tirant
those
that
be
light
are
made
most
hard
,
through
their
pernitious
naughtines
.
Happy
is
he
therefore
that
is
obeyed
,
but
most
happy
the
other
that
is
both
obeyed
and
loued
,
for
the
bodie
becomes
weary
to
obeye
,
but
the
minde
is
neuer
wearied
,
neither
euer
satisfied
wit●
louing
.
A
Good
Prince
ought
neuer
to
laye
handes
vpon
an●
man
,
for
what
iniurie
soeuer
he
hath
doone
him
,
for
hi●
hands
ought
neuer
to
be
exercised
in
the
reuenging
of
in●iuries
doon
against
him
,
but
in
defending
and
reuengin●
the
iniuries
of
those
that
obey
him
.
ONe
of
those
things
that
a
wise
Prince
ought
to
haue
an
eye
vnto
:
is
,
that
his
Gouernours
or
iudges
,
doo
not
consent
,
that
in
their
Common-wealth
the
auntient
lawes
be
broken
:
and
that
they
induce
not
new
and
strange
customes
,
for
the
people
is
so
variable
and
light
,
that
euerye
daye
they
would
haue
a
newe
Prince
,
and
change
newe
lawes
.
A
Prince
ought
to
make
reckoning
of
his
reuēn●es
,
but
if
he
forget
to
redresse
those
offences
and
faultes
that
are
committed
in
his
Territories
,
and
makes
no
account
of
them
:
he
is
woorthy
of
reprehension
,
for
the
people
paye
their
tribute
to
the
Prince
,
to
the
intent
he
may
set
them
frée
from
their
enemies
,
and
defend
them
from
Tirants
.
THose
things
that
terrifie
procure
enmitie
,
and
against
the
encrease
and
proceeding
therof
,
euery
one
dooth
oppose
himselfe
,
but
the
prowesse
of
the
hart
and
the
bountye
of
the
minde
,
and
these
things
that
are
magnificently
doon
,
with
their
shining
quallities
and
beautie
▪
doth
moue
euen
our
aduersaries
and
enemies
to
loue
vs
,
and
meruaile
at
vs
,
or
rather
to
worship
and
reuerence
vs
.
NOthing
is
more
easie
,
then
in
our
thought
and
imagination
to
drawe
and
set
downe
in
what
manner
it
is
bettter
to
doo
a
thing
after
one
sorte
,
then
after
another
sorte
,
but
to
put
it
in
execution
is
not
so
light
a
matter
,
for
that
there
be
many
things
,
the
which
empeche
,
disturb
and
draw
back
those
that
execute
the
same
.
IT
is
an
honest
parte
to
pardon
those
that
be
poore
when
they
doo
erre
,
and
to
examine
himselfe
to
see
if
in
his
minde
any
di●fect
peraduenture
dooth
lye
hid
,
to
the
intent
he
giue
not
to
others
that
blame
which
he
dooth
merite
himselfe
:
for
oftentimes
it
comes
to
passe
,
either
through
lightnes
or
ouerthwartnes
,
or
through
the
haste
or
rage
of
our
superiours
,
that
those
thinges
that
be
well
ordained
,
are
spoyled
:
and
those
enterprises
,
that
with
diligence
and
discretion
are
put
in
execution
:
fall
out
to
the
contrarye
.
THose
that
doo
sharpe
and
bitterly
commaund
,
and
for
euery
small
foreseeing
that
falles
out
,
become
furiouslye
angrye
and
in
no
case
can
be
pacified
,
besides
that
they
doo
vniustly
▪
they
must
think
that
they
are
enuironed
with
more
enemies
then
fréends
.
THere
is
great
difficultie
placed
in
endeuouring
our
selues
in
all
things
,
not
only
to
obserue
measure
:
but
also
to
establish
in
our
thoughtes
what
measure
is
,
for
so
much
as
offices
and
dueties
doo
change
according
to
the
persons
,
the
times
,
the
age
▪
the
nature
,
and
the
customes
of
men
:
the
vse
of
places
,
countries
,
and
according
to
other
things
,
which
are
almost
without
matter
:
the
which
varietie
he
that
would
on
a
sodaine
see
and
vnderstand
,
it
is
conuenient
that
he
be
of
a
sharp
wit
&
quick
consideration
.
CErtainlye
the
substance
of
riches
makes
him
verye
proud
and
insolent
,
that
possesseth
the
same
as
Aristotle
doth
say
in
his
Rethorick
,
but
he
that
doth
wiselye
beholde
this
parte
,
wil
say
with
Senecca
,
that
none
is
more
woorthy
or
neere
vnto
God
,
then
he
that
despiseth
and
scoffeth
at
riches
:
The
which
I
doo
not
denye
saith
Senecca
,
that
thou
shouldest
possesse
:
but
I
would
haue
thée
to
possesse
it
not
fearefullye
,
the
which
thou
shalt
doo
by
this
onely
meanes
▪
if
thou
perswade
thy selfe
to
liue
happilye
and
in
felicity
without
it
,
and
if
thou
dost
hebolde
it
with
eyes
,
which
are
alwaies
to
faile
thee
.
THe
antiquity
doo
hold
,
that
wise
men
onely
can
do
that
which
they
desire
,
and
the
wicked
that
which
they
haue
appetite
vnto
,
but
not
that
which
they
desire
,
for
they
doo
all
thinges
whilste
by
these
thinges
in
which
they
delight
they
think
to
quiet
them selues
in
that
good
which
they
desire
,
but
they
cannot
obtaine
it
,
for
those
that
are
wicked
can
neuer
arise
to
fortitude
.
WH●n
any
man
doth
go
about
to
bring
a
wrathfull
and
furious
person
into
the
tearms
of
reason
and
iustice
▪
he
doth
shew
himself
that
either
he
is
not
very
wise
,
or
ouer
diligent
:
forsomuch
●s
when
ire
is
enflamed
and
that
it
hath
blinded
the
vnderstanding
of
many
,
he
cannot
be
quieted
through
any
consolation
that
he
can
haue
:
neither
through
any
reason
that
can
be
tolde
him
.
WHen
men
of
base
qualitie
doo
approche
and
ioyne
in
amitie
with
the
chéefest
of
the
Cittie
and
contrariwise
when
the
riche
and
the
mightye
receiue
those
persons
that
be
base
and
poore
into
their
house
:
it
seemes
that
both
of
them
doo
not
care
for
the
perfection
of
vertue
,
but
onely
intentiue
about
profite
or
pleasure
:
the
which
may
be
knowne
by
this
,
that
they
doo
not
goe
about
to
procure
themselues
the
seruice
of
honest
men
,
iust
,
well
mannered
,
and
full
of
valour
▪
but
those
that
be
liberall
and
rich
,
if
the
one
and
the
other
may
be
found
:
the
rich
in
contrary
sorte
do
not
search
for
others
,
but
such
as
be
painefull
,
craftye
,
diligent
,
profitable
and
sparing
,
commending
such
more
then
any
vertuous
quality
.
EUen
as
the
pride
of
any
person
with
familiaritie
,
with
often
discourses
,
and
with
pleasantnes
,
is
asswaged
and
made
more
modest
:
so
with
hautines
,
with
melancholye
and
with
taciturnitie
it
is
made
more
lofty
and
rude
.
FRéends
of
base
qualitye
ought
to
dispise
themselues
in
such
sort
with
their
bettters
,
that
not
only
they
doo
not
touch
and
iniuriously
moue
the
ouer-great
familiaritye
of
the
mightye
in
their
iestes
:
but
also
confesse
that
they
are
bound
vnto
them
for
that
they
are
so
domestically
vsed
.
LEt
no
man
estéem
so
much
his
own
proper
counsel
,
but
that
he
suffer
himselfe
sometimes
to
be
gouerned
according
to
the
aduice
of
others
:
for
that
man
which
dooth
despise
and
make
no
account
of
other
mens
opinions
,
and
will
onlye
followhis
owne
:
let
him
hold
himselfe
assured
,
that
he
shall
commit
errours
in
many
things
.
IT
is
no
prudence
to
iudge
things
by
their
effects
:
for
many
times
affaires
that
haue
been
well
managed
in
counsell
,
haue
had
no
good
end
:
and
those
that
haue
béene
euill
counselled
haue
had
a
good
end
.
And
if
we
should
commend
pernitious
counselles
,
for
their
good
end
:
we
should
doo
nothing
else
,
but
giue
courage
to
men
to
erre
,
which
dooth
greatly
turne
to
the
damage
of
Common-wealthes
,
for
alwaies
euill
counsell
falles
not
out
happily
,
so
should
we
erre
if
we
did
reprehend
a
wise
determination
,
which
hath
not
a
ioyfull
ende
:
for
that
it
takes
awaye
the
courage
of
Citizens
to
giue
counsell
to
the
Cittie
,
and
to
speake
that
which
they
vnderstand
.
WHen
it
dooth
chaunce
vnto
vs
to
denye
anye
thing
through
necessitie
,
to
assure
the
person
that
dooth
demaund
the
same
of
his
good
will
,
it
is
requisite
immediatly
to
set
an
other
abroache
(
if
you
haue
one
)
to
offer
him
and
that
largely
:
in
such
sorte
,
as
he
may
knowe
that
you
make
account
of
him
,
and
that
you
desire
to
pleasure
him
▪
and
by
this
meane
vsed
with
respect
,
he
is
sooner
satisfied
,
if
he
haue
any
ioynt
of
humanitie
,
then
by
any
other
means
,
by
the
which
should
be
graunted
him
that
he
did
demaund
.
So
men
doo
suffer
themselues
to
be
ouercome
by
the
nature
of
curteous
woordes
,
and
become
angrye
at
those
actions
which
are
not
accomplished
with
curtesie
.
DEtraction
and
flatterie
are
two
vices
to
be
shunned
of
euery
honest
person
,
but
much
more
of
those
that
make
profession
of
good
&
of
exemplar
life
:
for
that
in
such
,
euerye
small
diffect
that
is
discouered
,
is
sufficient
to
perswade
,
that
their
other
good
operations
haue
béen
alwaies
doon
fainedly
,
and
for
any
other
end
then
to
doo
good
▪
but
in
others
that
are
not
bound
to
so
straite
a
life
,
but
haue
alwaies
remained
in
a
certaine
honest
liberty
:
it
seemes
that
they
are
noted
for
lesse
vitious
,
when
speciallye
they
are
directed
to
doo
good
,
for
when
we
goe
about
by
flatterie
to
make
any
one
the
more
our
freend
,
and
not
that
he
by
the
meanes
of
our
flatterie
should
become
wicked
:
it
is
more
to
be
borne
withal
.
So
detraction
or
speaking
euill
of
any
person
,
when
it
is
doone
against
any
one
,
which
dooth
manifestlye
empeche
principall
determinations
:
and
then
when
any
vice
of
his
is
di●couered
,
and
speciallye
of
those
that
doo
harme
vertue
,
wherof
he
of
whome
euill
is
spoken
doth
greatly
make
profession
as
should
fall
out
:
if
of
a
good
profession
,
he
make
some
naughty
and
wicked
practise
,
if
of
liberall
,
some
signe
of
couetousnes
:
For
all
that
it
is
necessary
it
should
be
doone
with
so
great
modesty
,
and
in
things
so
manifest
,
that
it
may
appeare
rather
that
occasion
doth
force
thée
,
then
that
it
dooth
arise
of
thy
owne
will
and
pleasure
.
IT
may
be
saide
with
reason
,
that
there
is
no
diffect
,
but
that
occasion
may
cause
it
to
be
accepted
for
lesse
euill
:
for
time
is
the
head
and
foundation
that
makes
vs
able
to
conclude
euerye
qualitye
of
busines
,
how
difficile
soeuer
it
be
:
as
contrariwise
,
to
woorke
any
thing
out
of
time
,
is
an
occasion
that
those
that
be
easie
,
become
almoste
impossible
.
PEople
ground
themselues
vpon
vaine
hope
and
fallible
determinations
,
hardie
when
they
are
farre
off
from
perrilles
,
fainte
harted
and
weake
minded
when
perrilles
are
neere
at
hand
:
doo
obserue
no
moderation
in
their
dooings
.
IT
is
very
hard
to
answer
or
concur
with
the
conceites
of
men
,
wherfore
the
most
parte
are
not
of
a
due
&
mature
consideration
:
neither
measuring
things
with
their
right
proportions
.
IN
publick
affaires
we
ought
diligentlye
to
consider
of
the
beginnings
,
for
that
it
is
not
after
in
the
power
of
men
,
to
part
from
the
deliberations
alreadye
made
,
and
in
the
which
they
haue
perseuered
long
time
,
without
dishonour
and
perrill
.
THe
hope
of
forraine
persons
measured
rather
with
desire
then
with
reason
,
doo
almost
alwaies
fall
out
to
be
fallible
and
most
vaine
.
THe
authority
of
those
that
reprehend
things
that
haue
succeeded
vnluckelye
,
would
be
oftentimes
lesse
:
if
in
the
selfesame
time
we
could
know
,
that
which
would
haue
faulne
out
if
we
had
proceeded
diuerslye
.
WArres
are
made
with
the
weapons
of
Souldiers
and
with
the
counsell
of
Captaines
,
they
are
accomplished
by
fighting
in
Campania
,
not
with
the
draughtes
which
those
men
that
are
vnexpert
in
warfare
do
set
down
vpon
papers
,
and
doo
paynte
out
with
their
Pencilles
,
or
with
their
fingers
or
a
rod
in
the
dust
.
THat
which
is
desired
of
many
dooth
seldome
times
succeede
,
for
the
effects
of
humaine
actions
doth
commonly
depend
vpon
the
willes
of
fewe
,
and
the
finall
end
and
intention
of
these
,
being
almost
alwaies
diuers
and
varying
from
the
ends
and
intention
of
many
:
the
things
can
very
hardly
succéed
otherwise
then
according
to
the
intention
of
those
,
that
giue
them
their
first
motion
.
IT
is
a
rash
temeritie
to
determine
to
enter
into
warres
by
the
which
if
it
fall
out
vnfortunately
,
we
are
to
participate
of
parte
of
all
the
euills
,
more
then
our
rates
comes
to
:
but
succéeding
prosperouslye
,
not
to
haue
any
portion
therof
,
euen
of
the
least
parte
of
the
benefites
.
NEwtralitie
in
the
warres
of
others
,
is
a
commendable
thing
,
and
by
the
which
molestations
and
expences
are
shunned
,
when
thy
forces
are
not
so
weake
that
thou
art
to
feare
the
victories
of
euerye
one
of
the
parties
:
for
then
it
brings
vnto
thée
great
securitie
,
and
verye
often
their
greatnes
,
meanes
for
thee
to
encrease
thy
state
.
Manye
beleeue
that
death
is
a
thing
to
be
desired
of
those
that
are
in
the
height
of
prosperitie
,
but
it
is
a
most
happie
death
of
him
that
dyes
,
hauing
gained
a
glorious
victorie
.
WIse
men
doo
not
alwaies
discearne
and
iudge
perfectly
:
it
behoues
that
oftentimes
that
there
be
shewed
signes
of
weakenes
in
humaine
vnderstanding
.
HE
that
hath
to
make
lawes
to
sundrye
persons
that
haue
sundry
endes
not
conformable
to
his
owne
:
can
no
long
time
make
foundation
in
the
confederations
made
with
them
,
forsomuch
as
the
affaires
in
confederations
,
may
be
by
aduerse
and
sundry
chaunces
reduced
into
many
difficulties
.
CElestiall
predictions
in
prosperity
are
smally
credited
,
but
when
aduersities
begin
to
appeare
,
they
are
ouermuch
beleeued
.
IT
is
a
greater
difficultie
without
comparison
,
to
kéepe
and
conserue
from
the
lesse
perrils
that
which
remaines
when
once
we
begin
to
decline
,
then
it
is
to
him
that
dooth
enforce
&
endeuour
himselfe
to
maintain
his
own
dignity
and
degrée
,
if
he
turne
himselfe
spéedilye
against
him
that
dooth
go
about
to
oppresse
him
,
without
making
any
signe
that
he
is
willing
to
giue
place
.
IN
those
warres
commonly
made
of
many
Princes
,
against
one
alone
:
is
accustomed
to
arise
greater
feares
then
effectes
:
for
the
firste
furies
are
soone
spéedily
asswaged
,
whilste
there
dooth
spéedily
beginne
to
spring
varietie
of
opinions
,
which
dooth
amongst
them
weaken
their
leage
of
faith
.
IN
the
action
of
armes
,
the
condition
and
partie
is
farre
better
of
him
that
stayes
and
expectes
to
be
assaulted
,
then
of
him
that
dooth
goe
about
to
assault
an
other
.
THe
clemencie
of
Princes
hath
alwaies
brought
them
beneuolence
and
reputation
.
Cruelty
(
where
it
is
not
necessarye
)
hath
alwaies
wrought
contrary
effectes
,
neither
as
many
dooth
vnprudently
beléeue
,
hath
it
remoued
the
impediments
and
difficulties
:
but
encreased
them
,
and
made
them
greater
.
IN
the
armyes
of
leages
,
prouisions
do
neuer
concur
together
in
one
selftime
:
And
amongst
so
many
wills
,
when
there
is
sundry
interests
and
sundry
ends
,
there
dooth
easily
arise
,
disorders
,
discords
,
displeasures
&
mistrustes
,
and
neuer
is
there
found
any
prompt
spéedines
to
execute
gallantly
when
the
fauour
of
fortune
dooth
shew
her selfe
benigne
and
fauourable
,
neither
of
disposition
to
resist
constantly
when
she
dooth
li●●
to
frowne
.
IT
is
a
most
perrilous
parte
,
to
consorte
our selues
in
any
warre
,
in
the
which
the
mighty
prouisions
of
the
confederates
may
as
well
hurt
as
benefit
.
IT
is
a
more
prudent
and
a
more
easie
counsell
to
goe
about
to
establishe
amitie
with
him
that
vnwillinglye
would
become
thy
enemye
,
then
with
him
that
at
no
time
can
become
thy
freend
.
HE
is
to
be
blamed
that
through
ouer
aboundant
suspition
and
mistrust
,
dooth
depriue
himselfe
of
those
great
occasions
which
he
with
difficulties
and
perrils
hath
gained
,
but
much
more
he
is
to
be
reprehended
which
doth
it
through
a
fearefull
and
base
minde
,
then
he
that
doth
it
through
generositie
and
greatnes
.
IT
comes
by
nature
,
that
a●ter
suspect
followes
hate
,
after
hate
followes
harmes
,
after
harmes
followes
the
familiaritie
and
confederations
with
the
enemies
of
him
that
hath
offended
,
and
the
determination
not
onely
to
assure
himselfe
,
but
to
gaine
:
Moreouer
,
with
the
ruine
of
the
endamaged
,
the
memory
of
the
iniurye
,
greater
without
doubt
and
more
displeasant
in
him
that
dooth
it
then
in
him
that
receiues
it
.
THe
principall
grounds
in
determining
vpon
any
enterprise
be
,
the
iustice
and
right
of
the
cause
,
the
facilitie
and
easines
to
ouercome
,
the
fruit
and
commodity
of
the
victorie
.
THe
desire
of
liberty
almost
a
thing
naturall
in
al
men
ought
to
consist
in
the
equall
proportion
of
the
conditions
,
artes
,
and
qualities
of
the
Citizens
,
a
most
necessary
foundation
in
populare
gouernment
.
AS
the
distribution
of
Magistrates
,
and
the
determination
of
the
lawes
dependes
vpon
the
arbitriment
of
fewe
:
the
Citizens
then
being
intentiue
,
not
about
publike
profites
,
but
about
couetous
and
priuate
affaires
,
there
dooth
arise
particular
sects
and
conspiracies
,
with
the
which
the
deuisions
of
the
Cittie
doo
ioyne
themselues
,
a
most
assured
plague
and
death
to
the
Common-wea●●h●s
of
empires
and
gouernments
.
IT
was
neuer
accounted
wisdome
to
determin
vpon
any
matter
of
moment
,
without
long
consultation
and
without
reuoluing
and
disgesting
the
same
in
our
mindes
,
●n
infinite
number
of
times
.
OF
his
owne
nature
nothing
is
more
shorte
,
nothing
doth
liue
a
lesse
while
then
the
memory
of
ben●●ites
,
and
so
much
the
greater
they
be
:
so
much
the
more
they
a●e
paid
with
the
partes
of
ingratitude
,
for
he
that
cannot
nor
will
not
blot
them
out
with
requitalles
:
dooth
oftentimes
goe
about
to
deface
them
,
by
perswading
himselfe
that
they
haue
not
been
so
great
as
they
were
,
and
those
which
become
ashamed
that
they
were
brought
into
such
tearms
that
they
haue
had
néed
of
benefites
,
growe
to
be
displesed
that
they
haue
receiued
them
:
in
such
sorte
that
hate
is
of
more
effect
in
them
,
through
the
auntient
memory
of
their
necessitie
,
into
which
they
did
fall
:
then
the
bond
of
the
obligation
through
the
confederation
of
the
curtesie
which
hath
béen
vsed
vnto
them
.
WHere
insolence
is
:
there
is
blindenes
,
where
vaine
lightnes
is
:
there
is
no
knowledge
of
vertue
,
no
iudgement
to
discearne
the
actions
of
others
,
neither
no
grauitie
to
measure
that
which
is
conuenient
to
him selfe
.
THe
practises
,
the
preparations
,
and
the
opperations
of
confederates
:
are
differred
,
interrupted
broken
off
,
and
varied
,
according
to
the
forces
,
according
to
the
ends
,
and
according
to
the
counselles
of
Princes
,
whereby
it
is
not
easie
to
make
an
assured
and
firme
knotte
and
vnion
,
where
there
be
diuersities
of
mindes
,
variety
of
wils
,
and
change
of
conditions
and
qualities
:
PRinces
that
bend
of
their
owne
proper
inclination
to
preferre
vtilitie
before
fidelitie
,
are
easilye
perswaded
the
selfesame
that
other
Princes
are
.
THe
common
people
of
his
nature
is
couetous
alwaies
of
new
things
,
who
are
easie
to
be
filled
〈…〉
errours
and
with
false
perswaisions
,
euen
as
〈◊〉
waues
of
the
Sea
are
rouled
forward
with
the
blast●
〈◊〉
winde
.
AS
of
an
vnexpert
and
vncapable
iudge
,
we
cannot
look
for
a
right
sentence
:
so
of
a
people
that
is
full
of
confusion
and
ignoraunce
,
we
cannot
look
for
but
by
meare
chaunce
,
an
election
and
deliberation
of
reason
and
discretion
.
IT
is
the
nature
of
men
when
they
departe
from
one
extreme
in
the
which
they
haue
béene
holden
violentlye
,
to
runne
voluntarily
without
staying
in
the
meane
,
into
other
extremeties
.
THe
successe
of
warres
depend
for
the
most
parte
of
reputations
:
the
which
when
they
decline
,
the
valour
and
vertue
of
the
Souldiers
likewise
decline
,
the
fidelitye
of
the
people
deminishe
,
the
reuenues
appointed
to
sustain
the
warres
grow
to
be
nothing
,
&
contrariwise
the
minde
of
the
enemies
encrease
,
doubts
are
nourished
,
and
al
sorts
of
difficulties
doo
augment
infinitely
.
IN
all
humaine
actions
it
is
oftentimes
requisite
to
accommodate
and
frame
our
counsell
to
our
necessitie
,
neither
for
the
desire
we
haue
to
obtaine
that
part
which
is
ouer
difficile
and
almost
impossible
to
put
all
to
the
hazard
of
manifest
perrilles
.
THose
leages
wherin
there
chaunceth
to
be
many
potentates
,
are
not
so
firme
or
of
such
concord
,
but
that
we
may
hope
that
they
wil
become
colder
,
or
some
of
them
to
dis-vnite
himselfe
from
the
rest
.
IT
is
the
nature
of
men
,
that
those
things
which
in
the
beginning
present
themselues
verye
teriblye
:
doo
in
such
sorte
can●ell
and
diminish
the
same
from
day
to
day
,
that
if
no
newe
accidents
doo
arise
that
may
make
freshe
and
quicken
the
terrour
and
feare
they
haue
:
They
make
themselues
in
the
processe
of
small
time
,
almost
assured
.
EUery
one
that
dooth
perceiue
and
smelles
out
,
that
there
is
no
account
made
of
him
:
becomes
angry
,
anger
makes
him
bolde
,
or
else
somtimes
to
applye
himselfe
to
thinke
moste
perrillous
thinges
the
which
oftentimes
comes
to
passe
:
and
cheefely
if
to
audacitie
,
any
authority
be
ioyned
to
some
singular
quality
that
is
in
the
person
of
him
that
is
growne
so
audatious
.
PErrillous
determinations
and
practises
,
so
much
the
more
they
are
considered
of
,
so
much
the
vnwillinglye
they
are
taken
in
hand
:
wherupon
it
dooth
alwaies
come
to
passe
,
that
those
commorations
and
rebellions
that
giue
space
of
time
to
the
execution
of
them
:
are
discouered
.
THe
name
of
liberty
is
so
woorthy
a
thing
,
that
no
force
can
tame
it
,
no
time
can
consume
it
,
and
no
merite
can
counterpese
it
:
in
so
much
as
to
go
about
to
maintain
seruilitie
in
a
frée
Citie
:
forrain
forces
are
not
sufficient
,
and
of
those
within
the
same
,
a
man
can
put
no
confidence
,
for
those
that
be
now
freendes
,
and
comfort
others
to
take
vpon
them
the
Signorie
:
when
they
haue
by
the
authoritie
of
their
new
Lord
ouerthrowen
their
enemies
,
they
go
about
afterwardes
as
they
can
or
maye
,
to
thrust
out
the
Prince
,
and
make
themselues
Lords
.
TO
one
that
is
accustomed
to
liue
lose
and
at
libertye
,
euery
chaine
is
waighty
,
and
euery
bond
dooth
pinch
,
although
to
finde
a
violent
state
with
a
good
Prince
,
is
almost
impossible
:
for
of
necessitie
it
is
conuenient
,
either
that
they
become
like
,
or
else
that
spéedilye
the
one
or
the
other
doo
ruinate
.
THat
Cittie
that
would
maintaine
it selfe
more
by
sects
and
factions
then
by
lawes
:
when
one
sect
doth
remain
at
home
without
opposition
:
of
necessity
it
comes
to
passe
,
that
it
deuide
it selfe
,
for
from
these
priuat
meanes
it
cannot
defend
it self
,
the
which
for
her
safetie
she
had
firste
ordained
.
TIme
is
not
euer
altogether
commodious
to
woorke
a
thing
in
,
in
such
sort
,
that
whosoeuer
doth
expect
all
the
commodities
,
or
else
dooth
neuer
attempt
any
thing
:
or
if
he
doo
attempt
it
,
doth
performe
it
for
the
most
parte
to
his
disaduauntage
.
AS
Er●onices
which
otherwise
should
be
smal
,
become
in
warres
capitall
,
hauing
against
him
a
prepared
enemy
,
which
giues
no
time
to
vnderstand
them
,
but
dooth
indeuour
himselfe
to
encrease
them
with
industrie
,
searching
alwaies
to
drawe
the
victorie
wholye
vnto
him
:
so
in
like
sorte
,
small
errours
made
in
demaunding
of
honours
,
become
most
gréeuous
and
heauye
,
and
a
small
mutation
of
our
willes
dooth
engender
in
vs
great
effectes
.
IT
is
apparentlye
séene
,
that
when
anye
resolution
is
made
,
either
with
ouer
spéedye
or
wich
ouer
great
affection
:
alwaies
we
doo
that
which
is
euill
,
for
so
much
as
the
one
dooth
not
giue
vs
time
to
finde
out
and
discipher
those
things
that
ought
to
be
considered
of
before
we
conclude
:
the
other
dooth
so
busie
and
occupy
our
mindes
that
it
doth
not
suffer
vs
to
know
any
thing
,
but
that
which
doth
vrge
at
that
instant
.
To
these
two
sorts
of
men
two
other
may
be
ioyned
,
and
that
is
that
we
finde
some
,
that
although
they
haue
sufficient
time
to
be
able
to
consider
and
are
voyde
of
affection
:
neuerthelesse
,
through
a
certain
naturall
folly
or
incapacity
,
or
through
a
continuall
negligence
they
vse
in
their
affaires
:
do
neuer
perform
any
good
thing
or
accomplishments
to
the
purpose
.
WHen
our
affaires
are
reduced
into
such
tearmes
,
that
there
remaines
no
other
hope
then
the
prouidence
of
God
:
to
hazard
and
aduenture
,
enter
in
,
to
supplye
the
place
of
reason
and
of
prudence
,
in
such
sorte
that
we
ought
not
to
leaue
off
to
attempt
those
thinges
that
séeme
vnto
vs
to
be
of
small
foundation
,
in
respect
of
humaine
prudence
:
for
so
much
as
our
most
blessed
Sauiour
and
God
,
many
times
,
to
the
intent
to
make
the
wisedomes
of
the
worlde
appeare
vaine
,
suffers
a
some
certain
sorte
of
people
,
to
runne
into
great
calamities
:
for
that
he
dooth
giue
and
send
vs
his
mercie
,
in
those
causes
in
the
which
the
grounds
of
reason
dooth
faile
vs
.
EUen
as
melancholly
and
heauines
of
the
minde
vnder
which
Ielosie
is
comprehended
:
euen
as
suspition
,
feare
,
and
such
other
humours
chaunce
vnto
men
and
to
their
mindes
:
so
likewise
dooth
the
very
same
fall
out
in
the
negotiation
of
our
affaires
,
for
so
much
as
after
beginning
is
giuen
to
any
enterprise
,
the
minister
&
executor
therof
be
not
patient
to
conserue
it
whole
:
then
will
arise
vnto
him
infinite
accidents
,
which
will
be
apt
to
bring
him
into
infirmitie
,
and
moreouer
to
make
him
dye
.
Therfore
it
is
necessary
before
things
are
moued
,
to
consider
well
of
all
those
contraries
that
may
fall
out
,
as
well
of
the
Ambassadours
parte
,
as
of
his
Princes
parte
,
and
as
well
of
those
with
whome
he
shall
negotiate
,
as
of
euerye
other
person
.
IT
is
a
wonderful
and
very
perilous
parte
for
him
that
goes
about
to
set
at
liberty
any
people
,
that
in
any
case
desires
to
remaine
in
seruitude
and
slauerie
.
IT
is
a
perillous
matter
to
nourish
one
that
hath
great
reputation
vniuersallye
,
for
as
it
is
easie
to
oppresse
and
withstand
disorders
at
the
beginning
,
so
suffering
them
to
encrease
,
it
is
a
more
hard
matter
to
yéeld
remedye
.
GOod
Citizens
,
in
the
gouernment
of
Common-wealthes
,
ought
to
take
so
much
as
is
giuen
them
of
men
and
the
lawes
:
and
in
so
dooing
they
shall
neither
incurre
perrill
nor
enuie
:
for
that
which
a
man
dooth
take
,
and
not
that
which
is
giuen
vnto
a
man
,
dooth
cause
him
to
be
hated
,
and
such
persons
shal
obtaine
more
then
those
that
going
about
to
get
other
mens
portions
lose
their
own
:
and
before
they
lose
the
same
,
liue
in
continual
gréef
and
sorrowe
.
FOr
that
seruilitie
dooth
drawe
after
it
the
effectes
and
humoures
of
feare
,
and
that
by
so
much
the
more
,
by
how
much
it
is
violent
and
base
,
it
falles
out
of
necessitie
,
that
no
lesse
the
Tirant
then
he
that
is
tirannised
,
should
be
full
of
terrour
and
feare
:
for
he
that
commaunds
ouer
seruile
persons
is
not
frée
,
and
a
Tirant
being
such
a
one
,
it
followes
that
he
should
be
seruile
as
well
as
his
people
:
and
so
both
of
the
one
side
and
the
other
dooth
arise
forcible
actes
and
great
indignities
,
in
such
maner
that
feare
dooth
alwaies
spring
and
encrease
.
ARmes
,
Lawes
,
and
diuine
honours
in
a
wel
gouerned
Citie
or
Common-wealth
,
can
neuer
be
seperated
but
with
destruction
of
euery
one
of
them
,
for
that
being
vnited
together
,
they
are
maintained
entire
ruling
one
an
other
,
and
so
soone
as
they
are
disseuered
:
that
which
peraduenture
without
his
two
companions
,
did
séeme
by
it selfe
to
be
sufficient
:
dooth
speedilye
fall
if
it
be
not
succoured
,
wherfore
it
is
requisite
that
they
haue
the
three
qualities
of
the
soule
or
minde
of
man
:
which
is
Uigilatiue
,
Sensatiue
,
and
Intellectiue
:
which
are
not
to
make
three
soules
,
but
one
onlye
act
by
the
operation
of
thrée
powers
,
and
so
consequentlye
we
are
of
no
value
in
humaine
perfections
:
without
reciprocall
aide
and
helpe
.
IN
warfare
,
valour
and
art
are
of
great
woorthines
,
but
their
perfection
consistes
in
knowing
how
to
vse
morrall
vertues
:
and
vnderstanding
poleticke
affaires
:
and
in
treading
the
footsteppes
of
ancient
and
good
Captaines
.
IN
the
times
and
cases
important
in
warfare
,
we
ought
to
giue
intire
authoritie
to
him
that
dooth
merite
the
same
,
and
to
put
in
him
the
full
managing
thereof
,
yet
with
this
prouiso
,
that
he
haue
about
him
Counsellers
of
good
vnderstanding
,
with
whome
he
may
conferre
all
the
whole
course
of
his
enterprises
.
IN
the
accidents
of
humaine
chaunces
,
doubtfull
causes
are
alwaies
consulted
vpon
:
for
it
appertaines
not
to
make
any
consultation
vpon
those
that
be
certaine
:
for
doubts
doo
spring
of
that
which
is
within
the
compasse
and
power
of
chaunce
,
and
not
of
prudence
:
wherefore
we
ought
to
consider
how
many
partes
there
is
within
the
one
and
the
other
:
for
in
consultation
when
a
man
is
not
constrained
by
necessitie
,
and
his
beginning
dooth
depend
wholye
of
his
owne
will
,
which
is
altogither
frée
:
he
dooth
tosse
in
his
minde
touching
the
succession
of
his
enterprise
,
whither
is
greater
,
his
hope
or
his
feare
:
and
takes
resolution
not
to
attempt
the
same
,
when
mear●
chaunce
is
to
haue
greatest
force
:
and
contrariwise
to
attempt
the
same
when
prudence
ought
to
haue
the
greater
swaye
.
HE
that
is
meanelye
wicked
,
and
likewise
he
that
is
meanelye
good
,
dooth
euill
in
the
handes
of
one
that
is
verye
mightilye
wicked
,
but
the
verye
mightye
good
person
,
dooth
ouercome
the
very
mighty
euill
person
.
WHen
Common-wealthes
are
well
administred
,
the
persecutions
of
the
enuious
which
through
our
good
woorkes
they
practise
against
vs
,
doo
fall
out
to
be
to
our
greater
aduauncement
:
for
being
constrained
by
the
trueth
,
to
bring
foorth
and
perfourme
actes
contrarye
to
their
motions
and
procéeding
:
they
doo
that
against
vs
,
which
a
Racket
dooth
against
a
tennice
ball
,
the
which
by
how
much
the
more
it
is
stricken
,
by
so
much
the
more
it
doth
rebound
in
height
,
and
therefore
in
stead
of
abasing
vs
,
they
doo
exalte
vs
.
IT
is
no
doubt
but
that
other
mens
continuall
seueritie
,
dooth
exasperate
our
mindes
,
but
euen
as
the
ouer-much
fatherly
pardoning
suffers
the
childe
to
runne
astraye
to
a
licentious
and
a
disobedient
life
:
euen
so
the
ouer-great
abundance
of
pleasures
in
a
Prince
,
dooth
spoyle
his
Citizens
and
his
Souldiers
,
and
is
yet
an
occasion
of
greater
domage
,
when
it
is
vsed
with
persons
of
account
&
degree
:
for
those
that
be
heads
and
principalles
by
offering
things
not
lawfull
,
take
possession
and
become
maisters
of
their
administrations
:
and
besides
that
by
little
and
litle
to
be
their
superiours
:
And
moreouer
,
their
insolence
maye
woorke
more
pernitious
effects
then
can
that
of
the
multitude
,
it
being
very
easie
to
knowe
,
whither
many
persons
gathered
together
bend
themselues
,
as
it
is
a
thing
of
difficile
vnderstanding
to
discipher
the
secrets
of
one
man
alone
.
WE
may
graunt
vnto
our
fréends
and
vnto
good
Princes
,
the
entire
possession
of
our
goods
&
of
our
liues
,
but
not
of
our
soule
:
if
they
cause
vs
to
doo
vniust
and
dishonest
actions
.
WHen
the
multitude
are
not
well
pleased
with
their
Prince
,
by
beholding
the
like
slacknes
in
others
,
and
that
they
all
remain
in
the
selfesame
tearms
,
they
are
much
lesse
afflicted
,
and
likewise
for
that
not
without
great
cause
they
vnite
themselues
to
rebell
against
a
good
&
legitimate
Prince
,
they
supporte
and
beare
his
displeasure
:
After
through
the
aboundance
of
people
in
a
state
of
sundrie
and
diuers
humours
,
and
that
for
the
most
part
are
of
a
weake
vnderstanding
,
by
little
and
little
they
forget
the
same
:
But
when
a
man
of
great
account
dooth
not
rest
satisfied
touching
any
his
important
request
,
he
retaines
the
disdaine
in
the
deapth
of
his
minde
:
and
according
to
the
occurrence
,
may
conuert
it
into
a
pernitious
execution
.
WHen
a
Prince
is
sought
vnto
by
any
great
personage
,
for
any
thing
of
importance
:
and
that
he
will
not
graunt
the
same
:
he
ought
to
consider
of
two
things
.
The
one
is
the
necessarye
circumstances
,
that
is
to
saye
,
those
things
wherof
dooth
spring
euill
satisfaction
,
the
person
that
is
euill
content
,
and
the
time
wherein
the
same
dooth
occurre
:
the
other
is
to
be
aduertised
and
haue
in
memory
,
to
counterpease
one
benefite
with
one
that
hath
been
refused
and
reiected
.
THe
administration
of
a
peaceable
state
,
is
that
which
dooth
conserue
those
things
that
are
gained
in
time
of
war
,
&
as
the
studies
of
peace
yeeld
ciuil
prudence
,
that
which
dooth
accommodate
our
discourse
touching
the
maner
how
to
make
warres
:
so
likewise
they
maintaine
them
,
after
we
haue
brought
backe
victorie
:
For
the
facultie
to
exercise
warres
against
our
enemies
,
foiling
those
men
that
are
not
good
,
but
in
the
same
:
come
to
hands
together
,
to
contend
and
to
exercise
in
some
sort
their
wittes
and
their
forces
,
in
the
which
they
are
of
value
,
being
constrained
by
their
nature
and
discipline
,
to
woorke
according
to
their
knowledge
,
and
according
to
their
abilitie
.
A
Good
Souldiour
is
like
vnto
bright
Stéele
the
which
dooth
keep
his
bright
shining
glosse
whilste
it
is
in
continuall
exercise
,
but
being
not
wrought
withall
takes
rust
:
rust
bréeds
to
an
eating
cancker
,
and
cancker
makes
contagion
,
in
such
sort
,
that
right
Souldiours
which
are
not
good
:
to
any
other
end
then
to
manage
and
handle
weapons
,
in
times
of
peace
they
suffer
great
damage
in
themselues
:
and
cause
others
to
be
pertakers
therof
.
CIuilitie
and
warfare
,
ought
necessarily
to
be
ioyned
together
:
for
constraining
the
wicked
to
take
armes
,
if
we
be
not
well
prouided
and
of
good
vnderstanding
either
the
common
quiet
will
be
continually
disturbed
,
or
else
we
must
chase
them
out
of
the
Citie
and
State
:
although
the
same
be
ruled
with
a
very
good
gouernment
.
IT
falls
out
often
in
contentions
that
he
which
seeth
himselfe
excluded
,
or
that
is
fauoured
of
himselfe
,
doth
runne
headlong
(
setting
aparte
all
respects
)
rather
to
some
third
person
,
then
to
giue
place
vnto
him
that
dooth
oppose
himselfe
against
his
intention
.
MEn
haue
no
greater
enemies
then
ouer-great
prosperities
,
for
that
it
makes
them
impotent
of
themselues
:
licentious
,
and
bolde
to
commit
euill
,
and
desirous
to
desturbe
their
proper
benefites
and
goods
,
with
new
deuises
.
THe
infamie
of
timeritie
:
hurtes
Generalls
and
Captaines
,
more
then
the
glory
of
victorie
dooth
benefite
them
:
for
temeritie
commits
many
errours
,
and
is
attributed
wholy
to
the
Captaine
,
but
the
prosperous
successe
in
matters
of
warfare
at
the
least
,
according
to
the
opinion
of
men
,
is
communicated
to
many
.
IT
is
the
office
and
parte
of
a
wise
Generall
casting
in
his
minde
,
how
often
it
is
necessarye
in
warres
to
varie
deliberations
,
according
to
the
varietie
of
the
accidents
:
to
feare
and
accommodate
from
the
beginning
so
much
as
lyes
in
him
,
prouidently
for
all
chaunces
,
and
for
all
counselles
,
for
euen
as
the
happie
successe
of
enterprises
,
gaine
to
the
Generall
the
beneuolence
of
the
Armie
:
so
those
that
are
vnfortunate
get
him
hate
and
euill
will
.
A
Prudent
man
ought
not
to
suspect
that
smal
credit
and
faith
is
giuen
vnto
him
:
and
if
he
suspect
the
same
,
he
must
so
order
the
matter
,
that
the
wicked
doo
not
knowe
that
he
hath
suspition
of
them
:
to
the
intent
that
through
feare
,
licence
doo
not
increace
in
them
,
and
that
they
take
not
away
their
diligence
&
promptnes
from
others
.
TOuching
newe
doubts
,
it
is
either
good
to
faigne
not
to
knowe
them
,
or
else
cloake
them
,
not
confirming
them
by
beléeuing
them
:
for
so
much
as
for
the
most
parte
either
they
are
altogither
false
,
or
else
much
lesse
then
that
which
is
beleeued
of
them
.
THose
which
exhort
vs
to
doo
any
thing
in
the
night
,
are
oftentimes
moued
to
commit
some
licentious
errours
,
for
that
the
night
couers
in
them
that
which
the
daye
doth
discouer
,
which
is
either
feare
or
shame
.
PRinces
in
the
hands
of
whom
,
God
did
place
for
no
other
end
,
rule
&
empire
,
but
to
the
intent
men
might
haue
recourse
from
the
vnmoueable
and
dead
lawes
,
vnto
the
quick
and
breathing
:
if
with
the
adorned
woorke
of
charitie
they
doo
not
searche
to
imitate
them
:
they
are
not
onely
gréeuouslye
reprehended
of
euery
one
,
but
they
doo
deseruedlye
incurre
the
displeasure
and
hatred
of
his
deuine
maiestie
.
WArres
at
home
are
much
more
difficille
and
perrillous
then
abroade
:
for
defence
is
made
more
easilye
abroade
and
a
farre
off
,
then
at
home
by
our
owne
doores
:
but
if
it
be
at
home
,
it
is
no
sound
counsell
to
remoue
it
further
,
before
that
which
is
néere
and
at
hand
be
exstinguished
.
THe
malignitie
and
the
imprudence
of
ministers
and
officers
about
Princes
,
maye
doo
muche
that
other
through
negligence
doo
not
apply
their
affaires
,
or
through
wante
of
capacitie
doo
not
discearne
of
them-selues
good
counsell
from
euill
.
THe
euent
of
things
is
commonlye
had
in
consideration
of
men
,
by
the
which
sometimes
with
praise
sometimes
with
infamie
,
according
as
they
be
either
happye
or
ouerthwart
,
doo
alwaies
attribute
to
councell
that
which
oftentimes
procéeds
of
fortune
.
THe
first
and
the
cheefest
praise
in
militarie
discipline
,
consists
more
in
not
putting
our selues
in
perill
without
necessitie
,
in
making
the
indeuours
of
our
aduersaries
vaine
:
by
industrie
,
by
patience
,
and
by
arte
:
then
by
fighting
most
couragiously
or
furiously
.
THe
multitude
haue
béene
accustomed
to
take
pleasure
in
swéete
and
delicate
counselles
,
rather
then
in
those
that
be
mature
and
ripe
,
and
oftentimes
account
them
for
woorthie
persons
that
doo
not
measure
their
affaires
prudently
.
TO
doo
benefites
to
him
that
doth
perswade
himselfe
,
to
haue
receiued
many
iniuries
:
are
not
sufficient
to
cansell
out
of
his
euill
disposed
minde
the
memorye
of
the
offences
:
cheefely
when
the
benefite
is
doon
in
such
a
time
,
that
it
séemes
it
proceedes
more
of
necessitie
then
of
any
voluntary
desire
.
THe
counselles
and
the
secret
grounds
of
Princes
affaires
&
actions
,
are
dispersed
abroade
for
the
most
parte
in
a
farre
disagreeing
sort
from
that
which
is
true
in
effect
:
for
it
falles
to
be
commodious
for
them
to
doo
one
thing
,
whilste
the
worlde
doth
beléeue
another
thing
.
PEace
is
a
most
desired
and
sacred
thing
,
when
it
dooth
assure
vs
from
suspitions
,
when
it
dooth
not
augment
perrilles
,
when
it
doth
induce
men
to
be
able
to
rest
,
and
to
lighten
them
of
expences
:
but
when
it
brings
foorth
contrarie
effects
,
and
pernitious
warres
vnder
the
name
of
a
traiterous
and
disceitfull
peace
,
it
is
a
pestiferous
venome
vnder
the
name
of
a
hoalesome
medicine
.
AMbassadours
are
the
eyes
and
the
eares
of
States
,
and
the
other
offices
the
eyes
of
Princes
,
but
woe
be
vnto
that
Prince
,
that
sometimes
doth
not
sée
without
those
eyes
.
THere
is
great
difference
betwixt
hauing
of
the
Subiects
desperate
,
and
the
hauing
of
them
mal-content
:
for
the
first
doo
not
thinke
vpon
any
other
thing
then
vpon
the
change
and
the
mutation
of
the
State
,
the
which
they
goe
about
to
performe
,
with
the
hazard
of
many
perrils
:
the
second
desire
newe
thinges
,
but
they
doo
not
stirre
vp
occasions
,
but
expect
the
comming
of
them
by
themselues
.
WE
ought
to
look
for
effectes
and
not
for
demonstrations
,
and
superficiall
showes
and
proceedings
in
causes
:
and
yet
neuerthelesse
it
is
an
incredible
thing
,
what
grace
&
fauour
,
curtesie
and
humanity
doth
obtaine
vs
amongst
men
,
I
iudge
the
reason
is
,
for
that
euery
one
doth
beleeue
and
estéeme
himselfe
to
merite
much
more
then
he
doth
deserue
or
merite
▪
and
therefore
he
becomes
displeased
when
he
perceiues
,
that
that
account
is
not
made
of
him
that
seemes
to
appertaine
vnto
him
.
SUubiects
can
not
be
well
gouerned
without
seueritie
,
but
it
ought
to
be
mixt
with
dexteritie
;
by
making
great
demonstrations
,
to
the
intent
the
people
may
beleeue
that
crueltie
doth
not
please
thée
,
but
that
thou
doost
vse
it
of
necessitie
,
for
the
commoditye
of
the
Common-wealth
.
A
Man
must
alwaies
kéepe
and
restraine
himselfe
from
those
things
that
doo
hurt
or
not
benefite
:
therefore
he
ought
not
to
speake
any
thing
that
dooth
displease
,
neither
in
presence
nor
in
absence
,
without
necessitie
:
for
it
is
a
great
follie
to
make
people
our
enemies
without
purpose
.
HE
that
enters
into
perrilles
without
considering
of
those
things
that
may
importe
,
is
to
be
called
beastlye
;
but
he
that
dooth
knowe
them
before
hand
,
and
dooth
enter
into
them
franckly
,
either
through
necessitie
or
for
some
honourable
occasions
,
is
to
be
called
a
most
couragious
man
.
HE
dooth
erre
and
is
much
disceiued
that
dooth
say
that
letters
and
study
spoile
the
braines
of
men
,
although
perchaunce
it
be
true
in
those
that
haue
weak
and
vnstayed
heads
:
but
where
learning
findes
a
good
naturall
wit
,
it
makes
it
perfect
:
for
a
good
nature
ioyned
with
a
good
accident
,
makes
an
excellent
composition
.
THat
glory
is
to
be
accounted
vaine
the
which
is
gained
or
sought
out
by
the
iniruie
of
others
:
but
that
is
the
true
,
honest
and
immortall
glorye
,
which
is
gained
not
by
the
destruction
of
people
,
and
the
ouerthrowe
of
Citties
:
but
by
the
knitting
and
vniting
them
in
good
concord
,
dooth
giue
them
assured
quietnes
,
and
dooth
deliuer
them
from
the
sorrowes
and
miseries
that
dooth
afflict
them
.
NEw
and
vnaccustomed
counselles
,
at
the
firste
sight
séeme
to
be
good
and
glorious
,
but
they
fall
out
afterwards
without
doubt
,
to
be
more
fallible
and
more
perrilous
,
then
those
that
reason
and
experience
hath
approued
in
all
ages
,
and
amongst
all
men
.
ALl
the
fruite
that
is
reaped
by
hauing
ouercome
,
consistes
in
the
well
vsing
of
the
victorie
,
and
not
to
vse
the
same
well
:
the
infamie
is
so
much
greater
then
not
to
ouercome
,
by
how
much
the
more
it
is
a
greater
faulte
to
be
deceiued
of
those
thinges
that
are
in
the
power
of
them
that
are
deceiued
,
then
of
those
that
depend
of
Fortune
.
THe
common
people
neither
haue
nor
vse
any
mean
,
for
when
they
doo
not
doubt
,
they
endeuour
themselues
to
make
others
afraide
:
and
when
they
are
afraide
themselues
,
then
they
may
without
perrills
be
managed
.
DOubtfull
and
headlong
determinations
,
appertaine
vnto
him
that
hath
difficile
and
sinister
state
,
or
vnto
him
that
is
pricked
forward
with
ambition
and
couetousnes
to
make
his
name
famous
,
and
dooth
feare
that
he
shall
want
time
.
IT
is
fit
for
prudent
men
,
to
consider
the
perrilles
which
lye
hid
vnder
hope
and
couetousnes
,
and
much
more
the
end
then
the
beginning
of
any
thing
.
WOrldly
affaires
are
all
of
them
subiect
to
many
perrilles
,
but
wise
men
know
that
all
that
which
is
euil
and
may
chaunce
,
comes
not
euer
forward
,
for
either
by
the
benefite
of
fortune
or
of
chaunce
,
many
perils
become
vaine
,
many
vanishe
awaye
through
prudence
and
industrie
,
and
therefore
we
ought
not
to
confound
feare
with
prudence
.
THose
are
not
to
be
reputed
for
wise
,
that
presuppose
for
certaine
all
those
perrils
that
are
or
séeme
doubtful
,
and
being
afraide
all
thinges
rule
themselues
in
their
determinations
,
(
as
if
all
were
to
succeed
and
come
to
passe
)
or
rather
in
no
case
,
can
we
call
those
prudent
and
wise
,
that
are
more
affraide
of
future
things
then
they
ought
:
For
to
deserue
the
name
of
wise
and
to
be
had
in
praise
,
appertaines
muche
more
to
those
that
be
couragious
.
For
knowing
and
considering
the
perrilles
,
they
discourse
and
reuolue
in
themselues
,
how
often
men
sometimes
haue
by
chaunce
,
sometimes
by
force
,
valour
and
vertue
,
made
free
themselues
from
many
difficulties
.
WIse
men
,
that
in
their
deliberations
doo
call
no
lesse
into
counsell
,
hope
then
feare
:
neither
presuppose
and
take
for
certaine
,
vncertaine
euents
:
doo
not
so
easilye
refuse
and
reiect
profitable
and
honourable
occasions
,
as
rash
men
doo
.
WHen
as
the
desire
to
enlarge
,
or
the
ielousie
to
maintain
,
or
the
feare
to
loose
,
dooth
once
enter
into
the
minde
of
a
Prince
,
he
neuer
thinkes
vpon
,
either
the
circumstances
of
giuen
faith
,
the
bonds
of
freendship
,
or
receiued
benefites
:
an
example
heereof
may
be
taken
of
Lodowick
S●orce
,
who
in
change
to
shewe
himselfe
gratefull
to
Charles
the
eight
,
for
the
benefites
receiued
of
him
:
not
onely
,
did
not
defend
him
from
the
perrill
of
loosing
the
state
,
but
did
helpe
to
chase
him
out
of
Italye
,
by
violating
the
faith
of
amitie
:
breaking
in
sunder
the
league
,
and
ioyning
himselfe
to
his
enemies
,
only
in
respect
to
kéepe
and
preserue
his
estate
,
and
for
feare
of
the
ouer
great
rising
,
might
and
power
of
King
Charles
.
IT
is
an
imprudence
and
a
pusillanimitie
,
where
the
health
and
safetie
of
all
persons
is
touched
and
had
in
discourse
,
to
bring
indignities
into
consideration
:
and
not
to
knowe
how
to
force
himselfe
to
performe
the
consideration
of
the
State
,
before
his
proper
will
and
affections
.
IN
taking
of
counsell
,
many
thinges
are
to
be
had
respect
vnto
,
but
principallye
two
,
prudence
in
him
that
hath
to
receiue
counsell
,
and
fidelitie
in
him
that
is
to
giue
counsell
:
for
so
much
,
as
counsell
being
nothing
else
but
a
well
considered
discourse
of
certaine
thinges
,
whither
they
are
to
be
doone
,
or
not
to
be
do●●e
:
if
he
that
is
to
receiue
counsell
be
not
prudent
,
he
will
not
receiue
that
which
shal
be
offered
him
as
for
the
best
:
but
will
followe
that
which
is
most
agreeable
to
his
owne
minde
:
for
if
he
be
not
prudent
,
foolishe
thinges
will
please
him
:
and
not
being
capable
of
that
which
is
good
and
true
,
he
will
followe
that
which
is
naught
and
foolishe
:
and
so
peruerting
all
order
,
it
will
neuer
be
possible
for
him
either
to
performe
woorks
,
or
giue
end
to
any
action
that
will
fall
out
well
.
And
on
the
other
side
,
if
he
that
giues
counsell
be
not
faithfull
:
he
will
so
cunningly
with
a
thousand
cullours
,
couer
and
shadowe
the
truethes
,
drawing
him
back
to
his
intent
,
end
,
and
purpose
:
and
winding
in
the
receiuer
with
counsel
,
that
he
beléeuing
him
,
in
the
ende
shall
finde
himselfe
to
be
disceiued
:
and
so
hauing
taken
and
tas●ed
wicked
and
naughtye
counsell
,
for
that
which
is
good
:
he
will
call
to
memorye
,
but
ouer-late
,
the
vnfaithfulnes
of
his
Counsellour
.
IMportant
consultations
in
matters
of
state
,
are
contained
vnder
fiue
subiectes
and
rules
,
about
the
which
Gouernours
make
discourse
.
That
is
,
either
touching
the
reuennues
of
the
State
or
Prouince
,
or
touching
peace
or
warres
,
or
touching
the
garde
of
Prouinces
,
or
touching
victua●les
that
are
to
be
brought
into
or
taken
out
of
the
saide
Prouinces
,
or
touching
the
lawes
,
vpon
which
affaires
he
that
dooth
consult
,
cannot
doo
it
well
,
vnlesse
he
be
well
informed
therof
:
and
moreouer
,
of
all
the
circumstances
touching
which
he
is
to
giue
counsell
.
A
Man
ought
to
take
care
,
not
onely
:
not
to
take
counsell
of
him
that
hates
him
,
but
also
of
those
persons
that
carrye
hate
to
others
:
although
they
were
the
enemies
of
him
that
is
counselled
.
To
the
intent
,
that
he
by
accepting
such
counsell
,
it
chaunce
not
vnto
him
to
chastice
any
one
of
his
enemies
,
or
peraduenture
more
then
he
that
counsells
him
,
that
he
fall
not
into
some
inconuenience
,
not
able
to
be
remedied
.
AFter
that
any
potentate
hath
well
consulted
vpon
the
affaires
and
prouisions
for
warres
,
he
ought
not
to
varie
from
his
purpose
,
but
ought
to
be
resolute
in
his
enterprises
:
for
so
much
,
as
to
remaine
in
a
doubtfull
minde
and
to
hang
in
suspence
,
bending
himselfe
somtimes
to
doo
one
thing
,
sometimes
another
,
doth
cause
many
disorders
,
but
that
which
doth
greatly
importe
,
is
:
that
he
giues
time
to
the
enemy
,
not
so
much
to
thinke
vpon
the
waies
how
to
defend
himselfe
,
as
to
make
preparations
to
endamage
and
offend
thée
.
IT
is
necessary
,
that
he
that
sets
forward
or
doth
moue
any
warres
,
remaine
alwaies
prepared
and
watchfull
,
and
intentiue
in
his
minde
,
to
euerye
accident
or
chaunce
that
ariseth
:
and
be
making
of
prouisions
for
all
such
things
as
may
chaunce
to
occurre
,
and
for
his
first
intention
,
he
must
beware
he
moue
not
warres
vniustlye
:
and
that
he
prouide
he
be
not
alone
,
to
consider
against
what
Potentate
he
dooth
moue
the
same
,
that
is
to
say
:
that
the
enemy
haue
not
the
protection
of
a
Prince
that
is
more
mightye
then
he
that
makes
●he
warres
:
to
examine
the
forces
of
his
aduersaries
,
and
of
his
own
:
and
moreouer
of
those
that
may
be
induced
to
vnite
themselues
with
the
one
parte
or
the
other
.
A
New
Prince
in
making
prouision
of
monye
,
hath
greater
difficultie
then
hath
a
Common-wealth
:
forsomuch
,
as
it
is
not
possible
for
him
that
his
ordinarie
reuennewes
,
should
suffice
to
maintaine
him
in
his
estate
,
as
well
for
the
new
expences
that
are
necessary
for
him
to
make
,
and
for
the
preparations
and
fortifications
to
defend
his
State
,
as
in
respect
that
he
must
entertaine
many
captaines
in
time
of
peace
to
serue
him selfe
withall
in
future
warres
:
and
moreouer
,
to
maintaine
himselfe
towards
great
princes
,
of
whom
a
new
Prince
is
constrained
to
depend
:
and
to
intertaine
other
Princes
,
wherin
besides
the
conuentions
that
is
made
with
them
,
there
dooth
occurre
sundry
other
expences
:
for
so
much
as
the
officers
of
great
persons
,
think
that
they
may
be
able
alwaies
reasonablie
to
enrich
themselues
by
meanes
of
the
giftes
of
new
princes
:
whilste
it
seemes
vnto
them
,
that
to
draw
from
those
is
not
so
much
profitable
to
them
,
as
it
is
vnto
the
Prince
they
serue
:
but
in
a
Common-wealth
many
doo
willingly
contribute
infinite
thinges
:
carried
forward
with
a
desire
to
procure
themselues
greater
honours
,
the
which
oftentimes
falles
out
,
by
receiuing
due
and
woorthy
rewardes
:
and
if
it
chaunce
they
impose
and
appoint
necessarie
taxes
and
paiments
to
be
made
:
It
séemes
that
euery
one
dooth
supporte
it
easily
,
whilst
it
appeares
vnto
them
,
that
they
disbursse
the
same
for
their
own
proper
profit
.
WHen
the
charge
and
care
of
the
Common-wealth
is
set
vpon
the
shoulders
of
one
person
alone
,
it
séemes
vnto
euery
man
that
it
is
reasonable
,
that
a
prince
abounding
in
riches
,
make
all
the
costs
and
expence
that
chaunce
out
of
his
owne
store
,
considering
the
profite
of
the
enterprise
ought
likewise
to
redownde
to
himselfe
alone
:
and
the
mindes
of
men
are
naturally
most
prompt
and
readie
to
examine
with
extreame
diligence
,
all
the
reuenues
of
the
Prince
,
and
to
magnifie
them
,
without
making
computacion
or
defaulting
the
expences
,
and
very
often
in
reprehending
many
of
these
things
as
ouer-aboundant
:
and
not
knowing
many
of
their
causes
,
neither
examining
well
the
degrée
or
the
necessitie
of
the
Prince
,
become
in
their
paiments
recusants
and
slowe
,
besides
that
many
doo
beware
and
kéepe
themselues
,
some
for
that
the
fame
shall
not
go
abroad
that
he
is
rich
,
and
othersome
for
that
they
wil
not
haue
their
prince
to
grow
into
suspition
.
AMbition
in
the
Generall
of
an
Army
,
dooth
oftentimes
ruinate
whole
States
and
Prouinces
,
for
that
they
giue
no
end
to
their
warres
,
whilste
with
their
honour
or
with
thier
aduauntage
they
may
make
them
:
to
the
intent
he
may
endure
the
longer
in
his
Generallship
,
or
else
sometimes
they
doo
demaund
such
honours
or
such
authorities
that
it
is
farre
ouermuch
:
And
verye
often
if
they
doo
not
obtaine
the
same
,
they
become
displeased
,
and
doo
nothing
that
is
good
,
or
else
,
obtaining
the
same
,
they
become
ouer
proud
or
damageable
to
the
States
they
serue
.
THere
is
nothing
more
perilous
,
in
respect
of
what
potentate
soeuer
,
then
the
contention
,
emulation
and
the
strife
for
first
and
chéefest
preferments
amongst
many
Captains
,
or
to
send
his
souldiers
to
any
enterprise
without
a
head
:
for
so
much
,
as
in
warres
it
importes
to
haue
a
head
that
knowes
how
to
commaund
,
and
officers
that
will
obay
and
put
in
execution
those
things
that
are
committed
vnto
them
:
for
that
the
one
or
the
other
of
these
thinges
being
taken
away
,
there
ariseth
confusion
,
able
not
onely
to
driue
in
disorder
what
armie
soeuer
,
although
most
valiant
:
but
also
,
what
other
thing
soeuer
that
were
more
mighty
.
ONe
of
those
principall
thinges
that
a
Generall
ought
to
haue
next
vnto
force
and
valour
,
I
would
wishe
it
should
be
fidelitie
:
that
which
is
to
be
preferred
aboue
all
other
things
,
who
ought
not
neither
for
displeasure
,
anger
,
or
for
anye
thing
else
,
faile
of
that
which
is
looked
for
he
should
doo
:
and
chéefely
towards
that
Prince
or
potentate
which
he
serues
,
to
the
intent
nothing
may
come
vnto
him
that
should
be
his
ruine
or
his
shame
.
MEn
ought
to
haue
care
to
doo
their
thinges
well
and
vertuously
,
if
they
will
become
glorious
and
woorthy
praise
,
for
so
much
,
as
of
glory
,
vertuous
actions
doo
not
arise
:
but
of
vertuous
déeds
,
dooth
spring
glory
.
THe
desire
of
goods
dooth
spring
of
a
base
and
euill
compounded
minde
:
if
it
be
for
any
other
consideration
,
then
that
we
may
enioy
the
same
,
but
the
life
of
men
in
this
world
being
so
corrupted
as
it
is
,
whosoeuer
desires
reputation
,
it
is
necessary
that
he
desire
goods
,
for
that
by
them
vertue
dooth
shine
and
is
had
in
estimation
,
whereas
in
a
poore
man
it
is
smally
knowne
and
lesse
estéemed
.
MAny
doo
agrée
that
the
state
of
one
man
alone
is
better
when
it
is
good
,
then
that
of
many
or
of
fewe
,
although
likewise
good
:
so
in
like
maner
,
we
maye
conclude
that
,
that
of
one
alone
maye
become
more
easilye
wicked
,
then
that
of
many
:
and
when
it
is
wicked
,
then
becomes
it
wurst
of
all
▪
and
so
much
the
more
wicked
is
i●
,
by
how
muche
it
goes
forward
in
succession
,
for
it
comes
verye
ra●ely
to
passe
,
that
vnto
a
good
and
wise
Father
doth
succeed
a
Sonne
like
vnto
him
.
Therfore
I
would
that
those
that
make
profession
of
pollicie
and
gouernment
,
would
resolue
me
of
a
doubt
,
(
all
the
conditions
,
qualities
,
and
perrilles
,
being
considered
)
which
state
is
most
to
be
desired
in
a
Cittie
or
a
Common-wealth
,
either
to
fall
vnder
the
gouernement
of
one
alone
,
or
of
many
,
or
of
fewe
.
IT
is
no
great
matter
for
an
Emperour
or
King
,
vsing
oftentime
the
sharpenes
and
effect
of
seueritie
,
to
make
himselfe
redoubted
:
for
that
Subiectes
become
easilye
afraid
of
those
that
be
able
to
force
,
ruinate
,
and
ouerthrow
them
with
any
easie
execution
:
but
I
commend
those
muche
,
that
with
little
sharpenes
and
executions
,
knowe
how
to
obtaine
and
to
maintaine
the
name
of
terrible
and
seuere
.
THose
selfesame
enterprises
,
which
being
attempted
out
of
due
time
,
are
most
difficile
and
impossible
,
when
they
are
accompanied
with
time
and
occasion
,
are
most
easie
to
be
doone
:
therefore
they
are
not
to
be
attempted
but
in
their
due
times
,
for
by
dooing
them
out
of
their
time
:
they
doo
not
onely
not
succeed
,
but
it
makes
the
matter
perrillous
to
fall
out
,
in
that
they
haue
beene
attempted
,
that
they
should
spoyle
that
time
,
in
the
which
they
might
easily
haue
béen
perfourmed
.
Therfore
those
that
be
patient
are
accounted
for
wise
men
.
THese
remembrances
or
records
are
not
alwaies
to
be
obserued
indistinctlye
,
for
that
in
some
particular
causes
,
that
haue
sundry
reasons
they
should
fall
out
not
to
be
good
,
and
what
those
cases
be
,
cannot
be
comprehended
vnder
any
rule
,
neither
can
there
any
booke
be
found
that
can
teach
the
same
:
but
it
is
necessarie
that
this
light
be
first
had
of
nature
,
and
afterward
of
experience
.
TO
finde
out
notes
and
records
for
the
profit
of
one
person
,
is
a
hard
and
difficull
thing
:
but
it
is
much
more
difficile
to
execute
the
same
:
for
that
oftentimes
a
man
knowes
them
,
but
knowes
not
how
to
put
them
in
action
and
execution
:
therefore
whosoeuer
will
vse
them
,
let
him
force
his
nature
,
and
therin
to
make
a
habite
,
by
the
meanes
whereof
he
shall
performe
so
much
as
is
taught
him
:
and
besides
that
there
shall
fall
out
to
be
perfourmed
and
doon
,
without
trauaile
,
all
that
whatsoeuer
reason
dooth
commaund
him
,
or
that
experience
dooth
teach
him
.
THere
be
two
times
that
are
cheefely
good
to
doo
our
affaires
in
:
the
one
,
when
we
sée
the
enemye
occupied
in
other
affaires
:
and
the
other
when
he
is
afflicted
,
as
I
haue
oftentimes
comprehended
by
experience
.
AMbition
doth
enforce
many
Persons
to
become
false
,
to
shut
vp
one
thing
close
in
their
breast
,
and
to
haue
an
other
prompt
and
ready
in
their
tung
to
iudge
of
amity
and
of
emnetie
,
not
by
the
measure
of
effects
,
but
by
profit
:
And
to
cary
greater
bountie
in
their
countenance
then
in
their
mindes
.
AMbition
is
a
vice
néerer
to
vertue
,
then
couetousnes
:
for
that
men
of
valour
and
men
of
vile
disposition
,
doo
desire
and
encrease
equally
,
glorye
,
honour
,
and
signorye
,
but
the
first
dooth
direct
his
pace
to
the
true
way
,
and
this
other
,
because
he
wants
good
arts
,
dooth
woork
by
deceites
and
fraude
.
THe
amitie
of
the
Common-wealth
,
ought
to
preserue
it selfe
,
rather
in
publick
then
in
priuate
:
leauing
off
,
to
giue
gifts
or
presents
to
any
one
:
for
not
without
perrill
,
that
is
bought
of
fewe
,
which
appertaines
to
many
.
MAny
by
fraude
and
by
theftes
rather
then
by
good
artes
enforce
themselues
to
attaine
to
rule
,
empire
and
honours
,
as
though
supreme
and
chéefest
offices
are
of
themselues
cleare
and
magnificent
,
and
not
reputed
to
be
such
,
as
the
vertue
of
those
be
that
sustaine
and
beare
them
.
MAny
doo
seek
for
the
offices
of
Maiestrates
,
not
after
one
maner
and
one selfe
arte
:
and
in
like
sorte
after
they
haue
obtained
the
same
,
they
gouerne
the
same
:
firste
they
are
industrious
,
suppliant
,
modest
,
and
after
with
pultronorie
and
in
pride
doo
lead
their
age
.
A
Generall
or
Captaine
,
dooth
attend
and
take
respect
with
prudence
and
with
carefulnesse
to
his
affaires
,
and
to
the
enemies
,
and
dooth
know
that
which
is
good
,
or
that
which
is
pernicious
in
the
one
and
the
other
:
he
spies
out
his
proceeding
,
his
counselles
,
and
dooth
preuent
his
trappes
and
deceites
:
neither
suffer
any
thing
negligently
about
himselfe
,
nor
assured
about
them
.
A
Generall
or
Captaine
ought
to
prouide
for
euerye
thing
,
no
otherwise
than
if
he
had
not
giuen
in
charge
any
of
his
affairs
,
not
so
much
in
respect
that
he
should
mistrust
or
doubt
that
his
commaundement
should
not
be
executed
:
but
to
the
intent
his
Souldiours
should
willinglye
séek
to
match
and
imitate
his
,
in
trauaile
and
paines
taking
.
A
Generall
or
captain
,
although
death
were
present
before
his
face
,
yet
ought
he
rather
to
stay
himselfe
resolutely
.
Then
betraying
and
abandoning
those
that
he
dooth
leade
,
giue
pardon
to
his
vncertaine
life
with
a
shamefull
flight
.
VNto
a
Generall
comes
greater
sorrowe
and
gréefe
through
the
wicked
customes
and
behauiours
of
his
Souldiours
,
then
helpe
or
good
hope
through
their
multitude
,
the
which
is
confirmed
much
more
by
shunning
then
by
chas●●sing
of
errours
.
ALl
thos●
that
are
to
giue
counsell
vpon
any
matter
,
ought
to
be
●oid
of
hate
,
without
amitie
in
that
respect
,
without
anger
&
without
mercy
,
I
may
saye
that
the
like
is
to
be
obserued
when
iudgement
is
to
be
giuen
vpon
the
cause
of
any
one
.
IT
is
a
thing
truely
very
difficile
to
be
full
of
valour
in
battaile
,
and
good
in
counsell
,
for
the
one
is
accustomed
for
the
most
part
to
bring
feare
through
prudence
,
and
the
other
small
consultation
through
audacitie
.
SOuldiers
if
fortune
do
enuie
,
their
valour
ought
not
to
faile
in
hart
and
courage
without
reuenge
,
neither
suffer
themselues
,
being
taken
like
beasts
,
rather
to
be
cut
to
peeces
,
then
fight
like
valiant
men
,
and
leaue
vnto
their
enemies
the
victorie
,
lamentable
and
bloodye
.
HE
that
is
to
prognosticate
and
diuine
of
other
mens
determinations
,
ought
if
he
will
not
to
deceiue
himselfe
,
to
haue
in
consideration
not
so
much
that
,
that
a
wise
man
would
think
meet
to
be
doon
,
as
what
the
braine
and
nature
of
the
person
is
which
hath
to
determine
.
ENuie
is
a
sorrow
and
gréefe
that
we
haue
at
the
goods
which
other
men
possesse
,
and
cannot
be
shunned
but
of
those
that
be
miserable
,
yet
neuertheles
it
may
be
much
diminished
,
and
sometimes
altogither
exstinguished
,
with
the
vsing
of
humanitie
and
curtesie
,
as
contrariwise
,
with
ouermuch
and
proude
ostentation
and
bragging
,
it
is
infinitely
kindled
and
encreased
:
but
hate
which
is
a
desire
that
an
other
man
should
incurre
damage
,
is
auoided
either
with
remaining
altogether
solitarily
and
quiet
apart
(
which
appertaines
not
to
a
noble
personage
,
borne
in
the
Common-wealth
)
or
by
obtaining
that
which
to
our
power
we
ought
to
indeuour
our selues
to
obtain
,
which
is
the
good
grace
and
beneuolence
of
all
persons
vniuersally
.
THe
Earle
Francisco
Carmignuola
was
accustomed
to
saye
,
that
the
principall
rule
that
men
ought
to
obserue
towards
Princes
,
was
not
to
beleeue
verye
easilye
that
which
they
speake
with
their
mouth
,
and
that
which
they
make
outward
apparance
of
:
but
it
is
necessary
to
consider
and
to
discipher
that
which
with
all
reason
they
may
imagine
they
think
in
their
mindes
,
that
is
,
that
which
will
turne
most
commodious
for
their
profit
,
and
vpon
this
they
maye
make
the
foundations
of
their
desires
and
thoughts
more
then
vpon
their
woords
:
and
likewise
we
ought
not
to
haue
regarde
to
the
ametie
,
to
the
emnitie
,
to
the
parentage
,
or
to
any
thing
else
whatsoeuer
amongst
them
:
for
when
they
perceiue
any
future
profit
to
arise
,
they
forget
all
amitie
,
they
quiet
all
disdaine
,
and
make
small
account
of
any
brotherhood
or
parentage
,
and
do
permit
euery
respect
,
so
that
therin
may
be
found
some
small
colome
of
honestie
sufficient
to
salue
the
apparent
shew
therof
.
EUen
as
a
good
Phisition
,
when
he
hath
to
cure
the
infirmitie
of
any
particular
member
,
it
is
conuenient
that
he
haue
care
that
,
that
medicine
be
not
hurtfull
to
an
other
member
:
Euen
so
a
man
of
State
ought
alwaies
to
put
his
Prince
in
memory
of
those
things
which
wil
serue
the
Common-wealth
for
the
preseruation
therof
.
WHat
great
diuersitie
and
difference
there
is
betwixt
those
déeds
that
spring
of
feare
and
of
errour
,
and
betwixt
those
that
are
moued
of
fraud
and
of
euill
intent
,
is
manifest
to
euery
one
.
THe
liberty
of
Citties
do
chéefely
please
God
,
for
that
in
them
more
then
in
any
other
sort
of
gouernment
,
common
benefites
are
conserued
:
wherein
iustice
is
administred
more
without
destinction
,
and
much
more
kindles
and
inflames
the
mindes
of
the
Citizens
,
to
vse
honourable
and
vertuous
actions
:
and
finally
they
haue
more
respect
to
obserue
religion
then
other
gouernments
.
HE
is
an
vnprofitable
Citizen
,
that
for
any
occasion
dooth
withdrawe
himselfe
to
perswade
vnto
others
that
which
in
himselfe
he
dooth
féele
to
be
the
benefit
of
the
Common-wealth
.
FOr
a
man
to
moderate
himselfe
and
to
ouercome
those
proper
desires
his
hart
couets
:
is
so
much
more
woorthy
of
praise
,
by
how
much
it
is
a
rare
thing
to
be
able
to
do
it
,
&
by
how
much
the
occasions
are
more
iust
wherwithall
the
anger
and
appetite
of
men
is
stirred
vp
and
moued
.
THe
silence
of
a
Prince
giuen
to
demaundes
and
requests
:
is
tollerable
,
when
it
is
not
doone
or
procéedes
in
a
despising
maner
:
and
moreouer
oftentimes
doth
help
,
for
that
the
lawes
,
amities
,
and
such
other
like
things
,
are
nourished
in
him
:
moreouer
,
it
dooth
helpe
ouer
much
when
a
naughty
answere
is
fearde
,
and
it
is
taken
for
a
despising
of
the
Prince
,
and
if
it
be
a
iust
quarrell
,
armes
is
taken
,
and
dooth
flie
the
fault
,
in
that
he
hath
not
demaunded
the
thing
,
to
abtaine
it
.
THe
coniectures
of
all
elections
,
the
which
depend
of
the
free
will
of
many
,
is
difficile
and
incertain
:
forsomuch
as
nothing
is
more
difficile
,
then
to
penetrate
and
enter
into
the
willes
of
men
,
altogether
shut
vp
from
all
persons
,
and
open
onely
to
God
:
and
nothing
more
vncertaine
,
then
to
establish
and
set
downe
,
in
so
great
a
motion
and
reuolution
of
mindes
,
vpon
what
they
wil
settle
their
determinations
:
neuerthelesse
,
so
farre
as
mans
wit
may
attaine
vnto
,
a
wise
officer
ought
to
indeuour
himselfe
so
much
as
he
is
able
,
to
doo
his
duetie
,
and
not
become
terrified
with
the
greatnes
of
the
act
,
to
the
intent
to
make
him selfe
knowne
for
prudent
,
the
busines
taking
effect
:
or
of
a
willing
minde
or
diligence
,
by
not
abandoning
any
due
meanes
to
obtaine
the
end
of
his
desire
.
THe
opinions
of
men
are
so
sundrye
and
so
contrarye
to
things
:
And
we
haue
besides
in
vs
a
certaine
necessity
which
doth
force
vs
to
attempte
fortune
,
although
we
perceiue
that
there
rest
in
vs
a
small
foundation
in
demaunding
of
the
thing
:
neuerthelesse
,
drawne
by
a
certaine
inspiration
,
we
put
our selues
in
perrill
to
demaunde
those
benefites
that
we
are
not
woorthy
to
obtaine
.
This
thing
besides
the
examples
of
histories
,
hath
likewise
his
reason
,
if
not
through
the
iniurie
of
him
that
demaunds
the
same
,
to
those
vnto
whome
the
requests
are
made
,
through
their
nature
,
carrying
a
resemblance
of
God
:
whose
mercye
is
poured
vpon
those
that
séek
for
it
:
many
times
in
our
own
demerites
,
in
our
own
infelicities
,
in
our
miseries
,
a
certaine
spirit
which
is
called
of
the
antiquitie
Genio
,
doth
prick
vs
forward
to
attempt
thinges
contrarie
to
all
humaine
prudence
:
And
they
fall
out
in
such
sorte
as
we
are
not
able
to
finde
out
the
reason
therof
.
IT
is
no
infamie
to
retire
our selues
,
when
it
is
doone
by
prudence
,
neither
is
it
pusilanimitie
when
it
is
doone
to
refuse
and
shun
to
put
in
doubtfull
tearmes
,
those
thinges
that
be
certain
:
when
as
the
approching
end
of
the
warres
hath
to
shew
to
all
the
world
,
the
mature
ripenes
of
counsell
:
forsomuch
as
no
victorie
is
more
profitable
,
more
famous
,
or
more
glorious
,
then
that
which
is
gained
without
losse
,
and
without
shedding
the
blood
of
Souldiours
.
EUen
as
the
minde
which
commonly
ought
to
be
mistresse
ouer
the
body
,
should
become
a
Tirant
ouer
the
same
:
and
knowing
the
excellency
of
her selfe
,
should
onlye
think
and
care
for
herselfe
,
and
would
graunt
no
parcell
of
the
time
to
the
body
,
he
would
become
weak
and
féeble
:
euen
so
contrariwise
,
those
that
make
their
bodies
Lordes
ouer
their
mindes
,
in
satisfiyng
their
appetites
,
not
graunting
any
parte
thereof
to
their
minde
:
they
can
neuer
become
vertuous
,
neither
haue
any
valour
in
them
.
COuetousnes
without
doubt
is
a
thing
more
to
be
detested
in
a
Prince
then
in
a
priuate
person
,
not
onelye
for
that
hauing
more
liberty
to
distribute
,
he
dooth
depriue
a
man
thereof
,
so
muche
the
more
:
but
also
,
for
that
,
that
which
a
priuat
person
hath
,
is
all
to
his
own
vse
,
and
may
be
disposed
as
it
pleaseth
himselfe
,
without
the
iust
complaint
of
any
person
:
but
that
which
a
Prince
hath
,
is
giuen
him
for
the
vse
and
benefite
of
others
.
Therefore
if
he
retaine
it
for
him selfe
,
he
defraudeth
men
of
that
which
he
dooth
owe
vnto
them
.
THe
affaires
of
this
worlde
are
so
variable
,
and
depend
vpon
so
many
chaunces
and
accidents
,
that
very
hardlye
,
we
shall
be
able
to
giue
iudgement
of
that
which
is
to
come
:
and
therfore
it
is
séene
by
experience
,
that
almoste
alwaies
the
coniectures
of
wise
men
are
vain
and
fallible
.
I
doo
not
therefore
commend
the
counsell
of
those
which
leaue
off
the
commoditie
of
a
present
benefite
,
although
lesse
for
feare
of
a
future
euill
although
it
be
greater
,
vnlesse
it
be
very
néer
and
very
certaine
,
for
that
,
those
things
not
falling
out
oftentimes
,
which
thou
diddest
doubt
of
through
a
vaine
feare
,
it
comes
into
thy
memorye
,
that
thou
hast
left
off
those
things
that
did
please
thée
,
and
therfore
that
is
a
wise
Prouerb
which
saith
:
Di
cosa
nasce
cosa
et
il
Tempo
le
gouerna
,
Affaires
spring
foorth
of
affaires
,
and
Time
dooth
gouerne
them
.
THose
which
giue
iudgement
in
matters
of
state
,
I
haue
séen
oftentimes
to
erre
,
for
that
men
doo
with
reason
examine
that
which
a
Prince
hath
to
doo
,
but
not
that
which
he
will
doo
.
WEll
ordered
Common-wealths
doo
not
vse
to
suffer
that
their
confederates
,
who
together
with
them
haue
well
plaide
their
partes
in
their
occasions
,
should
be
abandoned
in
their
necessities
.
MIghty
Common-wealths
be
accustomed
not
only
to
desire
and
will
that
their
confederates
and
freendes
doo
not
loose
any
thing
:
but
that
euerye
day
they
may
encrease
and
make
themselues
greater
in
fauours
,
in
mightines
,
and
in
honours
.
WHen
a
Prince
dooth
followe
vertue
,
he
dooth
merite
to
be
praised
:
for
that
Princes
more
then
any
other
persons
are
inclined
to
their
appetites
:
forsomuch
,
as
they
hauing
béene
nourished
with
small
chastisement
in
their
Childehood
,
most
men
endeuour
themselues
to
please
them
,
and
to
follow
them
in
their
waies
.
PRinces
for
the
most
part
are
more
suspitious
than
other
men
,
for
that
they
are
giuen
to
vnderstand
sundry
doubts
and
aduertisements
,
and
very
often
are
●lattered
.
THat
Prince
that
can
gaine
persons
with
well
dooing
,
besides
his
being
in
the
grace
of
God
:
he
shewes
that
he
is
not
blotted
with
the
vice
of
pride
,
the
which
procu●es
hate
to
follow
the
vertues
of
persons
.
WHen
in
a
Common-wealth
any
dooth
obtaine
&
take
vpon
him
the
name
of
Singuler
in
what
matter
soeuer
(
although
therein
he
be
ignorant
)
it
is
a
very
hard
thing
to
remoue
that
opinion
,
for
that
men
naturallye
conceiue
and
become
grosse
with
the
first
impressions
,
the
which
waxing
olde
,
cannot
so
easilye
be
defined
and
plucked
out
.
HE
that
is
sent
to
entreate
of
peace
,
ought
to
be
faithfull
vnto
his
Prince
,
and
of
a
meane
age
:
to
the
intent
that
his
weakenesse
induce
him
not
to
doo
things
that
are
not
fit
,
or
at
his
returne
to
terrifie
his
Maister
,
more
then
is
necessarie
:
and
that
man
is
rather
to
be
imployed
therin
,
which
hath
receiued
fauours
and
benefits
of
his
Prince
then
any
other
.
TO
know
the
natures
and
dissimulations
of
those
that
are
in
election
to
haue
great
honors
,
as
it
is
a
thing
very
easie
,
so
is
it
a
thing
very
wise
:
therefore
the
inclinations
and
the
discourses
of
such
persons
ought
alwaies
to
be
obserued
,
hauing
neuerthelesse
an
eye
,
not
so
much
to
affection
as
to
common
profit
.
WHen
any
persons
doo
departe
from
thy
enemye
to
come
to
enter
into
thy
seruice
great
profit
is
reape●
by
them
,
if
they
be
faithfull
:
for
that
the
forces
of
thy
aduersarie
are
diminished
much
more
with
those
that
flie
from
him
,
then
by
those
that
are
slaine
:
although
the
name
of
a
fugitiue
to
the
new
freend
be
suspitious
,
and
to
the
old
odious
.
IN
warres
for
the
most
parte
the
good
fortune
of
a
victorious
Prince
is
nothing
else
but
the
euill
counsell
&
base
minde
of
his
aduersarie
:
and
therfore
very
hardly
may
he
be
●uercome
that
can
measure
and
knowe
both
his
owne
and
his
enemies
forces
:
besides
that
,
the
valour
and
vertue
of
the
Souldiours
is
of
more
valewe
,
then
the
multitude
:
and
the
cituation
of
the
ground
doth
somtimes
more
help
their
valour
and
vertue
.
HE
that
is
most
vigilant
in
warres
to
marke
and
obserue
the
determinations
and
plattes
of
the
enemie
,
and
can
endure
greatest
trauaile
to
exercise
his
people
:
shall
incurre
least
perrilles
,
and
may
the
more
hope
for
victorie
,
but
it
is
requisite
in
warres
to
know
how
to
discern
occasion
,
and
to
take
héede
of
her
,
for
that
she
dooth
helpe
more
then
any
other
thing
.
THe
ambition
of
honor
and
glory
,
is
a
thing
commendable
and
profitable
to
the
worlde
,
for
that
it
giues
men
occasion
to
woork
great
and
high
effects
:
but
the
ambition
of
power
and
greatnes
is
not
so
,
for
that
she
is
taken
of
others
for
an
Idole
,
and
will
in
any
case
obtaine
all
things
,
either
lawfullye
or
vnlawfullye
▪
and
is
the
occasion
of
many
euils
:
and
therefore
we
apparentlye
perceiue
,
that
whosoeuer
dooth
possesse
ambition
to
this
ende
,
haue
no
stay
of
themselues
,
and
makes
their
life
and
their
goods
equall
.
ENterprises
and
other
affaires
that
are
to
fall
in
decay
,
not
through
fury
and
force
,
but
are
first
to
consume
themselues
,
draw
out
more
in
length
,
then
would
haue
béen
reléeued
at
the
first
:
for
that
when
men
growe
obstinate
to
suffer
,
they
suffer
and
supporte
much
more
then
we
would
haue
imagined
.
Therefore
we
see
,
that
any
warres
which
is
to
take
end
through
famine
,
or
through
any
other
discommoditie
,
drawes
out
further
in
length
then
we
would
think
.
HE
that
first
gaue
vnto
the
people
this
woord
Popolo
,
would
verily
haue
tearmde
it
vn
Pazzo
,
A
Foole
,
for
that
he
is
a
monster
replenished
with
confusion
and
errours
:
forsomuch
as
his
opinions
are
so
farre
off
from
the
trueth
,
as
according
to
Tolome
,
the
East
Indies
is
from
Spaine
.
I
Can
neuer
flatter
my selfe
,
to
make
shew
of
those
things
that
are
not
so
in
effect
:
neuertheles
,
it
should
be
much
more
profitable
to
doo
the
contrarye
,
for
it
is
an
incredible
thing
to
be
spoken
off
,
what
benefit
the
reputation
and
the
opinion
that
men
haue
that
thou
art
great
,
will
woorke
,
then
for
that
onely
by
the
means
of
this
rumour
they
run
after
thee
,
without
needing
to
clime
to
the
height
to
make
showe
of
thy selfe
.
THe
libertie
of
a
Common-wealth
,
is
the
administration
of
iustice
,
for
that
the
foundation
therof
is
laide
to
no
other
end
,
but
that
the
one
be
not
oppressed
of
the
other
:
Therefore
he
that
might
be
assured
that
in
the
state
of
one
alnoe
,
or
of
many
,
Iustice
would
be
obserued
:
should
haue
no
occasion
to
desire
liberty
.
This
was
the
occasion
wherfore
the
wise
men
of
olde
time
did
not
praise
the
gouernement
of
those
that
liue
in
liberty
,
more
then
the
rest
:
but
those
in
which
there
was
best
prouision
made
for
the
preseruation
of
the
lawes
and
iustice
.
MEn
,
Iron
,
Money
,
and
Bread
,
are
Sinewes
of
the
warres
,
but
of
these
foure
the
firste
two
are
most
necessarye
:
for
that
Men
and
Iron
will
be
able
to
get
mony
and
Bread
,
but
money
and
bread
doo
not
prouide
so
easily
for
Men
and
Iron
.
NEw
and
soddaine
thinges
make
afraide
and
terrifie
Armies
,
those
that
are
accustomed
and
sloe
,
are
smallye
estéemed
of
them
,
therefore
a
Generall
ought
to
practise
and
make
knowne
to
his
Army
,
with
light
&
small
encounters
,
a
newe
enemy
,
before
he
come
to
a
day
of
battaile
with
him
.
A
Prince
when
he
hath
about
him
his
familiares
,
dooth
distribute
his
fauours
amongst
them
that
are
most
gratefull
and
most
conformable
to
his
honour
,
but
when
a
time
of
necessitie
and
occasion
of
affaires
falles
out
:
then
the
diuersitie
and
difference
that
is
amongst
them
is
apparently
known
.
A
Wise
personage
,
which
hath
the
meanes
to
entertain
ten
thousund
Footmen
,
is
more
to
be
feared
and
estéemed
,
then
ten
confederates
together
,
which
haue
euerye
one
of
●hem
sixe
thousand
:
for
that
very
sildome
agréeing
togither
,
by
reason
of
their
sundrie
and
diuersitie
of
ends
:
the
one
halfe
of
the
time
is
lost
and
spent
,
before
they
resolue
vpon
any
thing
.
IF
a
man
would
serue
a
great
person
,
let
him
rather
choose
him
wise
then
ignorant
:
for
about
a
wise
man
there
be
many
meanes
to
be
found
,
by
the
which
his
fauour
is
obtayned
,
but
about
one
that
is
ignorant
:
there
can
no
way
be
found
that
is
good
,
for
that
he
hath
no
vnderstanding
.
THe
true
note
of
the
ruine
of
a
Prouince
,
dooth
appeare
when
those
that
ought
to
vnite
themselues
together
,
become
deuided
amongst
themselues
,
and
doo
band
themselues
,
to
be
abandoned
.
HE
that
gaue
this
rule
,
that
a
wise
man
cannot
commit
errour
in
speaking
,
had
no
iudgement
:
for
that
either
because
he
is
affectioned
to
the
matter
which
is
spoken
off
,
either
for
loue
,
either
for
hate
,
or
for
that
he
would
be
contrarie
to
another
:
and
sometimes
through
the
indisposition
of
his
person
,
he
is
subiect
to
commit
errours
in
his
woords
.
THe
affaires
of
the
world
doo
not
alwaies
remain
stable
and
firme
:
but
are
euer
in
continuall
motion
to
go
forward
into
that
way
and
path
into
the
which
by
reason
they
are
to
goe
,
and
where
by
their
nature
they
are
to
take
end
:
but
oftentimes
they
make
longer
staye
then
we
would
beléeue
,
for
that
we
doo
measure
them
according
to
our
life
,
which
is
shorte
:
and
not
according
to
their
time
which
is
long
,
for
that
their
féete
be
more
sloe
then
ours
be
,
and
farre
sloe
themselues
by
nature
,
for
although
they
moue
,
yet
oftentimes
we
doo
not
perceiue
their
motion
,
by
meanes
whereof
it
dooth
arise
,
that
those
iudgements
,
which
we
make
:
fall
very
oftentimes
to
be
false
and
fallible
.
IN
matters
of
importance
,
he
that
dooth
not
very
well
knowe
all
the
perticulars
,
can
giue
no
right
iudgement
,
for
that
one
circumstance
although
it
séeme
very
little
,
dooth
change
and
varie
all
the
whole
cause
that
ought
to
be
iudged
,
yet
is
it
true
that
oftentimes
he
may
giue
good
iudgement
,
that
hath
knowledge
of
no
other
then
of
Generalities
,
and
knowing
more
perticulars
,
giues
woorsse
iudgement
,
forsomuch
as
he
that
hath
not
his
braine
very
perfect
,
and
cleane
and
free
from
passions
,
vnderstanding
many
particulars
,
dooth
verye
easilye
varie
and
confound
himselfe
.
A
Man
ought
aboue
all
thinges
in
this
worlde
to
desire
and
to
attribute
to
his
owne
felicitie
,
to
see
his
enemie
stricken
prostrate
to
the
ground
,
and
brought
into
such
s●ate
,
that
he
may
vse
him
at
his
discretion
:
but
by
how
much
the
more
happie
he
is
vnto
whom
this
aduenture
doth
befall
:
by
so
much
the
more
ought
he
to
make
himselfe
glorious
,
by
vsing
the
victorie
commendable
,
in
pardoning
and
in
vsing
of
clemencie
:
a
thing
proper
and
perticular
to
great
and
woorthy
mindes
.
AN
inferiour
Prince
ought
neuer
to
put
his
state
in
hazard
of
one
battaile
,
for
if
he
ouercome
,
he
gaines
nothing
but
glory
,
and
if
he
loose
:
he
is
spoyled
.
GReat
personages
are
often
much
enclined
to
their
own
willes
,
without
hauing
any
respect
at
all
to
reason
,
and
that
which
is
woorst
,
they
are
for
the
most
part
environed
with
men
that
cast
their
eyes
vpon
nothing
else
,
then
to
praise
and
congratulate
their
good
and
euill
déeds
,
whither
soeuer
they
be
,
and
if
there
be
any
that
would
doo
the
contrary
,
he
findes
him selfe
deceiued
.
THose
Princes
which
are
equalle
in
power
,
(
although
they
be
not
young
,
for
at
such
times
they
thinke
onely
vpon
pleasure
)
doo
not
well
to
meet
and
come
to
speak
personally
together
,
forsomuch
as
,
besides
that
they
doo
not
without
perrill
,
euil
wil
dooth
spring
vp
betwixt
them
,
and
enuie
growes
to
be
greater
.
ALthough
the
issuing
and
sallying
foorth
of
Souldiers
,
out
of
a
Cittie
besiedged
,
be
necessarie
:
yet
neuerthelesse
,
they
be
perrilous
for
those
within
:
for
that
it
improts
them
much
more
to
loose
ten
of
their
infantrie
,
them
it
is
for
them
without
to
loose
an
hundreth
.
IT
is
a
manifest
thing
to
euery
one
,
that
he
that
dooth
alwaies
holde
his
Prince
in
tearmes
of
suspition
,
and
feare
,
with
aduertisements
stuffed
with
feare
and
suspition
:
either
will
become
to
be
mortallye
hated
of
him
,
or
in
the
ende
shall
fall
into
some
other
euill
inconuenience
.
HE
that
dooth
possesse
authoritie
and
rule
,
maye
likewise
exstend
the
same
ouer
his
owne
forces
,
for
that
his
subiects
doo
not
measure
exquisitlie
,
that
which
de
can
doo
,
but
rather
imagining
his
power
to
be
much
more
then
it
is
,
yéeld
to
those
thinges
vnto
which
the
Prince
can
not
constraine
them
.
IT
is
to
be
discerned
in
those
differences
,
that
doo
arise
with
vrbanitie
amongst
Citizens
,
and
in
those
malicious
humours
,
into
which
men
do
incurre
,
alwaies
to
haue
recourse
to
those
iudgements
or
to
those
remedies
,
that
of
the
antiquitie
haue
been
ordained
:
for
that
the
ciuill
lawes
is
nothing
else
,
then
Sentences
giuen
by
the
ancient
lawgiuers
,
the
which
being
brought
into
order
,
do
instruct
our
present
Lawyers
how
to
iudge
:
and
Phisicke
likewise
is
nothing
else
,
but
the
experience
which
hath
beene
made
by
auncient
Phisitions
,
vpon
which
the
Phisitions
in
these
our
daies
doo
ground
their
iudgements
:
neuerthelesse
,
in
the
ordering
of
a
Common-wealth
,
in
the
maintaining
of
States
,
in
the
gouernement
of
Kingdomes
,
in
the
militarie
institutions
,
in
the
administration
of
warfare
,
in
iudging
the
Subiects
,
and
in
the
encreasing
of
the
Empire
and
State
:
There
is
to
be
found
,
neither
Prince
,
neither
Common-wealth
,
neither
Generall
or
Captaine
,
neither
Cittizen
,
that
haue
recourse
to
the
examples
of
the
antiquitie
.
THere
be
infinite
persons
that
read
Histories
,
and
take
pleasure
to
hear
the
varietie
of
accidents
,
that
are
contained
in
them
,
but
they
neuer
thinke
vpon
the
imitation
of
them
:
for
they
imagine
and
iudge
the
imitation
,
not
onely
difficile
,
but
also
impossible
,
as
if
the
Heauens
,
the
Sunne
and
Starres
,
the
elements
and
men
,
were
changed
in
their
mouing
,
order
,
and
power
,
from
that
that
they
were
in
auntient
time
.
MEn
doo
woork
their
affaires
,
either
by
necessitie
or
by
choise
:
and
for
that
it
is
séene
,
that
vertue
is
greater
where
choise
hath
least
authoritie
:
it
is
to
be
considered
,
whither
it
should
be
better
to
choose
a
barraine
place
for
the
building
of
a
Cittie
,
then
a
fertile
:
to
the
intent
that
men
being
tonstrained
by
industrie
,
being
lesse
subiect
to
idlenesse
,
may
liue
the
more
vnited
togeather
,
hauing
by
reason
of
the
place
lesse
occasion
of
discorde
:
This
election
or
choise
might
be
accounted
wise
,
if
men
would
be
content
to
liue
of
their
own
,
and
would
not
goe
about
to
commaund
ouer
others
:
and
forsomuch
as
men
cannot
assure
themselues
but
by
power
,
it
is
necessary
to
shun
those
barrain
places
,
and
to
plant
our selues
in
a
most
fertile
Cuntrie
,
where
they
may
be
able
through
the
aboundance
of
the
ground
,
to
enlarge
their
bounds
and
limits
,
to
defend
their
bounds
and
limits
,
to
defend
themselues
from
those
that
assault
them
,
and
oppresse
them
,
whosoeuer
would
withstand
and
oppose
themselues
against
their
greatnes
.
MEn
doo
neuer
agree
to
any
newe
Lawe
,
which
bring
a
newe
order
into
the
Cittie
,
if
it
be
not
apparentlye
shewed
vnto
them
,
that
of
necessitie
it
is
requisite
it
should
be
doon
:
now
then
,
that
necessitie
not
being
able
to
come
without
perrill
:
that
Common-wealth
dooth
easily
runne
into
ruine
,
before
the
Lawe
be
brought
to
the
perfection
of
a
right
order
.
EUen
as
amitie
betwixt
particular
Gentlemen
is
contracted
by
a
mutuall
agréeing
of
their
mindes
,
and
by
the
similitude
of
their
good
customes
:
so
amongst
Princes
amitie
is
wrought
,
either
through
their
owne
correspondence
of
nature
,
or
through
the
iudgement
they
haue
,
that
it
falles
out
to
their
commoditie
to
be
fréendes
,
or
else
through
necessitie
and
Fortune
:
which
againste
their
own
willes
,
constraines
them
to
remaine
vnited
.
MY
opinion
is
that
aduersse
fortune
,
is
the
touch-stone
of
our
fréendes
and
followers
.
For
that
those
that
remaine
,
are
such
as
are
good
,
faithfull
,
and
full
of
constancy
.
The
rest
that
fall
away
:
are
vnprofitable
,
naught
,
and
an
example
of
lightnesse
,
and
I
beléeue
that
of
aduersitie
this
profit
is
reaped
:
That
without
vsing
a
staffe
,
a
man
may
driue
away
from
him
,
the
whole
trayne
of
those
men
that
are
base
of
minde
and
body
,
replenished
with
cou●tousnes
and
ingratefulnes
.
And
those
only
remaine
with
vs
:
that
desire
to
showe
by
the
vertue
and
valour
of
their
minde
,
that
they
cannot
be
ouercome
by
aduersse
fortune
.
ALl
those
that
discourse
of
the
manner
of
Ciuill
life
,
and
all
Histories
are
full
of
examples
:
That
he
which
hath
the
disposing
of
a
Common
wealthe
,
and
dooth
ordaine
Lawes
in
the
same
:
it
is
necessarye
that
he
presuppose
,
that
all
such
men
as
be
wicked
:
will
euer
apply
themselues
to
be
malignant
,
so
often
as
occasion
is
offred
.
And
when
any
malignitie
dooth
remaine
hid
for
a
time
:
it
dooth
procéed
of
some
occasion
,
the
which
because
experience
hath
not
beene
séene
to
be
made
of
the
contrarye
,
comes
not
to
be
knowne
,
but
time
dooth
afterwards
discouer
the
same
,
which
is
the
father
of
all
trueth
.
MEn
doo
neuer
perfourme
any
action
well
,
vnlesse
it
come
through
necessitie
,
for
where
choise
doth
abound
and
that
liberty
may
be
vsed
:
suddainly
all
things
is
filled
with
confusion
and
disorder
.
Therefore
it
is
saide
that
hunger
and
pouertie
makes
men
indus●rious
:
and
the
Lawes
makes
them
good
:
and
where
any
thing
of
it selfe
dooth
wexe
well
,
there
is
no
necessitye
of
Lawe
,
but
when
that
good
custome
dooth
faile
,
immediatly
lawes
are
necessarie
.
EUen
as
Saylers
haue
for
their
guide
,
the
South
and
the
North
,
who
sometimes
do
trauerse
and
crosse
their
way
,
and
yet
for
all
that
do
not
altogither
lose
their
guide
:
Euen
so
in
matter
of
State
,
it
is
necessarye
to
haue
for
guide
,
and
for
principall
and
chéefe
foundation
,
the
knowledge
how
to
pearce
into
the
nature
and
endes
of
those
with
whome
we
haue
to
entreat
:
for
that
by
this
means
a
man
very
rarely
shall
rest
deceiued
,
and
without
this
ground
he
takes
his
iourney
at
auentures
,
and
all
the
diligence
he
dooth
vse
is
vaine
.
THe
nature
of
neutralitie
is
such
,
that
she
is
most
hurtfull
and
full
of
perrilles
:
for
she
offends
both
the
parties
,
the
Superiour
for
that
he
iudgeth
that
we
ought
to
sustaine
and
fauour
his
greatnes
,
the
inferiour
for
that
he
is
not
defended
,
reputes
himselfe
offended
:
therefore
the
one
doth
neither
assure
vs
from
our
enemies
,
nor
the
other
dooth
maintaine
freendship
towards
vs
.
ALthough
it
appeares
that
newtralitie
makes
a
man
secure
and
quiet
amidst
other
mens
trauailes
,
yet
trulye
it
dooth
not
fall
out
so
afterwards
:
for
that
she
dooth
feed
others
with
a
false
securitie
and
quiet
,
considering
that
in
short
time
the
damages
therof
doo
discouer
themselues
,
no
otherwise
then
it
is
accustomed
to
chaunce
,
to
those
who
haue
taken
money
to
vsurie
,
for
although
they
enioy
the
same
well
for
a
certaine
time
,
not
tasting
any
bitternesse
at
all
,
being
afterwares
consumed
,
and
the
day
and
time
to
restore
them
being
come
:
they
make
apparent
proofe
of
that
greeuous
damage
which
they
haue
procured
with
so
short
a
commoditie
.
AT
all
times
wise
Princes
ought
to
discourse
of
their
affaires
,
with
mature
counsell
,
and
prudentlye
to
resolue
ther-upon
:
but
when
they
are
in
yéeres
and
times
that
be
full
of
trauaile
and
troublesome
,
then
haue
they
much
more
néed
therof
then
in
times
that
be
ful
of
rest
and
quiet
:
for
that
in
these
the
greatnes
of
his
principalitie
dooth
gouerne
and
holde
him
vp
,
without
muche
trauaile
and
toyle
:
in
the
other
they
are
enuironed
with
many
perrilles
,
and
supposed
with
infinite
difficulties
,
from
the
which
to
defend
and
keepe
themselues
,
dooth
for
the
most
parte
procéede
of
the
rare
and
hye
vertue
of
a
prudent
Prince
,
who
can
with
a
good
and
resolute
execution
shunne
the
euill
,
and
cleaue
to
that
which
is
good
,
but
no
good
execution
can
be
made
,
without
good
prouidence
:
neither
that
without
a
good
resolution
,
neither
can
resolution
be
made
without
good
counsell
,
the
which
is
the
head
,
fountain
,
and
originall
of
all
good
operations
.
A
Man
ought
not
to
departe
from
the
first
purposed
plot
and
forme
of
his
life
,
without
euident
and
most
necessarye
occasions
,
as
did
Cato
Vticenses
,
who
did
rather
choose
to
kill
himselfe
,
then
to
fall
into
the
hands
of
Caesar
,
therfore
a
wise
Prince
ought
to
doo
the
very
same
,
holding
alwaies
firme
and
fast
his
first
and
his
good
resolution
.
THat
Prince
which
dooth
remaine
a
neuter
,
euerye
one
dooth
goe
about
to
imbrace
him
:
and
to
drawe
him
to
their
partie
,
for
that
the
desire
they
haue
to
haue
him
for
a
freend
,
causeth
euery
one
to
make
account
of
him
and
to
honor
him
,
thinking
to
gaine
him
with
benefites
,
and
so
by
the
meanes
of
neutralitie
,
he
dooth
enioy
great
securitie
:
wheras
if
he
should
declare
himselfe
,
he
should
make
one
of
them
his
manifest
enemie
,
and
should
thrust
himself
into
expresse
perrilles
.
MEn
doo
more
easily
remember
iniuries
,
then
receiued
benefites
,
therfore
that
Prince
which
dooth
declare
himselfe
,
dooth
much
more
harme
then
helpe
himselfe
,
for
that
he
with
whome
he
doth
confederate
himselfe
,
is
neuer
so
whot
to
defend
him
,
as
he
against
whom
he
is
declared
,
shall
be
redy
to
endamage
and
offend
him
:
it
being
a
naturall
effecte
that
men
should
become
muche
more
stirred
vp
and
moued
with
iniuries
,
then
with
benefites
:
besides
that
,
in
receiued
benefites
euery
one
dooth
attribute
them
a
parte
of
his
enemie
,
but
iniuries
are
all
attributed
to
him
that
hath
been
iniurious
.
IT
is
a
most
certaine
thing
that
warres
draw
after
them
many
difficulties
,
and
most
great
expences
,
which
are
occasions
of
many
euils
:
in
respect
,
that
first
of
all
it
empties
the
princes
pursse
,
and
makes
him
weake
.
Since
moneye
is
not
onely
the
sinewes
and
strength
of
the
warres
,
but
of
all
other
humaine
actions
,
next
after
it
constraines
them
,
so
much
to
oppresse
the
people
with
new
and
sharpe
exactions
,
that
it
dooth
bréede
them
extreame
hate
:
from
which
euery
wise
prince
ought
to
kéepe
him selfe
.
For
that
the
hate
of
the
people
is
the
roote
of
that
which
bringes
rulers
to
ruine
.
IT
is
disputed
amongst
some
,
who
is
most
ambitious
:
either
he
that
would
maintaine
,
or
he
that
would
obtain
:
for
that
both
the
one
and
the
others
appetite
,
maye
be
an
occasion
of
great
Tumultes
,
and
it
is
concluded
that
for
the
most
parte
those
tumults
are
caused
of
them
that
possesse
,
for
that
the
feare
they
haue
to
loose
dooth
engender
in
them
,
the
selfesame
will
that
is
in
those
which
desire
to
gaine
:
for
that
men
think
they
cannot
surely
possesse
any
thing
,
if
they
make
no
newe
gaines
:
And
moreouer
,
by
possessing
much
,
they
maye
with
greater
power
and
with
greater
motions
and
stirre
make
alterations
and
change
:
besides
all
this
their
corrupt
and
ambitious
behauiours
,
kindling
vp
in
the
brest
of
them
that
haue
possessions
,
a
will
and
desire
to
possesse
,
and
to
reuenge
themselues
of
them
,
by
spoyling
them
,
makes
them
to
be
able
also
to
enter
into
those
riches
and
those
honours
,
that
they
perceiue
to
be
euill
vsed
of
others
.
IN
all
humaine
causes
this
is
perceiued
(
whosoeuer
dooth
examine
it
well
)
that
we
can
neuer
race
out
one
inconuenience
,
but
that
an
other
dooth
followe
:
And
therfore
if
we
desire
to
make
a
people
to
encrease
to
great
numbers
,
and
to
be
armed
:
to
the
intent
to
set
vp
a
great
empire
,
we
make
it
of
such
qualitie
,
as
we
shall
not
be
able
to
manage
it
after
one
discretion
and
maner
:
and
if
we
maintaine
it
small
and
disarmed
,
to
the
intent
we
may
guide
it
the
better
:
if
we
gaine
any
dominion
,
we
are
not
able
afterwards
to
kéepe
it
:
or
else
we
shall
become
so
vile
,
that
we
shall
fal
to
be
a
spoile
&
pray
to
whosoeuer
doth
assaulte
vs
.
Therfore
in
all
our
opinions
and
determinations
,
we
ought
to
consider
,
where
the
inconueniences
are
least
,
and
to
make
choise
of
the
best
partie
:
for
that
they
be
neuer
found
to
be
altogither
cleare
,
altogither
secure
,
and
altogither
without
suspition
.
IT
is
requisite
that
those
that
are
principall
and
publicke
Maiestrates
,
haue
thrée
things
in
them
:
One
is
,
that
they
loue
the
state
of
their
Cittie
and
Common-wealth
,
another
is
,
that
they
haue
authoritie
as
may
be
sufficient
if
neede
require
to
force
men
:
the
third
is
,
that
they
be
knowne
for
persons
that
be
iust
and
full
of
valour
,
but
it
is
necessarye
to
haue
in
minde
,
that
if
such
as
these
would
beare
rule
and
commaund
,
it
behoues
them
whilste
they
are
young
,
to
learne
to
be
gouerned
and
commaunded
of
those
that
be
olde
.
WHilste
Princes
are
at
hostilitie
together
,
and
spend
out
of
all
measure
in
their
warres
:
he
that
remaines
neuter
,
maye
gather
together
a
great
summe
of
money
,
and
strengthen
himselfe
in
such
sort
,
that
the
warres
being
ended
,
they
shall
become
weake
through
many
exspences
,
and
be
gallant
and
mighty
.
The
consideration
of
which
thing
maye
be
an
arbitrament
of
their
difference
and
discentions
.
ALthough
to
remaine
neuter
is
not
a
thing
verye
frée
,
yet
at
the
least
it
cannot
be
denyed
,
but
that
the
resolution
of
the
contrarye
is
verye
doubtfull
in
this
case
,
the
wisest
parte
is
for
vs
not
to
moue
at
all
,
for
that
when
there
ariseth
a
doubt
whither
any
new
deliberation
be
good
or
not
:
we
cannot
doo
better
then
followe
the
olde
determinations
,
and
chéefelye
when
the
other
are
found
to
be
hurtful
,
in
summe
,
the
old
and
woonted
way
is
rather
to
be
followed
,
then
the
new
and
vnaproued
way
.
WHen
a
Prince
is
instantly
required
to
vnite
himselfe
with
the
one
of
any
two
that
makes
warres
,
and
that
he
makes
refusall
both
to
the
one
and
the
other
:
he
enters
into
suspition
with
them
both
,
that
he
hath
secret
intelligence
with
some
one
of
them
:
and
eche
of
them
both
doth
imagine
&
esteeme
him
to
be
against
himselfe
.
In
such
sort
,
that
which
soeuer
of
them
doth
ouercome
,
makes
a
pray
of
the
newter
,
wherupon
it
will
arise
,
that
he
shall
holde
both
of
them
for
suspect
,
and
neither
of
them
for
fréend
.
IN
that
Prince
which
dooth
declare
himselfe
,
it
is
conuenient
that
one
of
these
thrée
thinges
doo
followe
:
Either
that
he
with
whom
he
ioynes
himselfe
remaine
vanquisher
,
or
that
he
loose
,
or
that
the
matter
be
managed
in
such
sorte
,
that
he
neither
loose
nor
winne
:
in
the
first
case
he
proceedes
to
expresse
gaine
,
by
entring
into
parte
of
the
victorie
,
in
the
second
he
encurres
perrill
to
lose
,
but
yet
therin
is
this
difference
,
that
at
the
least
he
hath
a
fréend
for
his
colligate
and
confederate
,
who
although
he
haue
losse
,
his
case
is
not
such
,
that
he
cannot
or
that
he
ought
not
to
minister
helpe
,
and
it
followes
not
,
that
his
fortune
may
not
rise
vp
againe
:
in
breefe
,
it
is
better
to
hazard
our
fortune
with
a
good
fréend
,
then
to
remaine
in
feare
to
be
offended
and
iniuried
of
both
of
them
:
In
the
third
case
,
more
is
to
be
gained
then
to
be
lost
:
for
that
we
obtaine
a
good
fréend
that
may
much
profit
vs
:
and
he
that
we
make
our
enemye
,
dooth
harme
vs
no
more
then
that
he
did
him
whilste
we
remained
neuter
,
although
apt
occasion
did
offer
it selfe
.
IN
all
the
resolutions
of
the
world
,
both
good
and
euill
is
mixed
amongst
them
,
ordained
of
God
,
to
the
intent
to
shewe
foorth
the
imperfections
of
humaine
causes
,
but
prudent
counselles
ought
to
compare
the
euill
with
the
good
,
and
counter pease
them
in
equall
ballance
,
and
on
that
side
where
the
least
euill
is
and
the
most
good
,
to
cleaue
to
that
parte
.
MEn
hauing
for
finall
end
goodnes
,
and
the
conseruation
of
their
good
,
they
cannot
by
any
reason
be
called
inconstant
:
for
so
much
as
when
affaires
doo
change
,
it
is
conuenient
also
that
a
man
doo
change
his
thoughtes
,
for
all
that
foreseeing
the
selfesame
finall
end
,
euer
remaines
firme
:
And
in
this
case
it
is
necessary
we
imitate
the
good
gouernour
of
a
Ship
,
who
ordering
and
setting
the
sayles
after
one
sort
,
to
bring
him
to
a
determined
place
,
when
afterwards
the
time
dooth
change
,
and
contrary
windes
arise
:
he
also
dooth
change
his
firste
order
,
hauing
alwaies
for
finall
ende
the
good
and
the
benefite
of
the
Ship
.
THat
rule
which
is
giuen
to
remaine
neuter
,
to
the
intent
to
weaken
other
,
and
to
strengthen
our selues
:
for
the
most
parte
dooth
not
fall
out
to
be
true
,
for
that
the
victorie
of
one
of
the
parties
doth
draw
with
her
so
much
reputation
,
so
many
partakers
,
and
such
a
train
of
fauourers
,
that
alwaies
the
ouercommer
shewes
himselfe
to
be
strong
and
gallant
,
whereby
he
maye
rather
iniurye
his
companion
,
then
that
he
should
be
afraide
of
other
mens
threatnings
.
IT
is
euer
good
to
ioyne
&
knit
our selues
with
those
that
haue
the
heauens
benigne
and
fauorable
vnto
them
,
for
that
therby
a
man
doth
alwaies
perticipate
of
the
qualitie
of
his
companion
,
whither
soeuer
it
be
good
or
euill
.
FOr
that
humain
affairs
are
almost
all
subiect
to
chance
and
haue
no
assured
stay
in
them
:
a
wise
man
ought
to
cleaue
to
that
which
carries
most
apparent
likelyhood
,
and
therin
to
take
order
with
all
due
meanes
,
for
that
for
the
most
part
it
will
fall
out
to
be
well
,
and
shal
be
besides
accounted
prudent
,
and
if
it
should
haue
an
vnlucky
end
:
yet
in
such
a
case
it
would
appeare
to
wise
men
,
that
fortune
had
greater
power
therin
,
then
prudence
.
GOod
Souldiers
haue
néede
of
a
good
Generall
Captaine
,
who
may
be
their
guide
in
all
things
,
of
whose
actions
dooth
depend
for
the
most
parte
,
the
exaltation
and
ruine
of
an
Armie
:
therefore
the
Gréeke
Prouerb
did
say
,
That
an
armie
of
Hartes
that
hath
a
Lyon
to
their
Captaine
,
is
more
terrible
then
an
armie
of
Lyons
which
is
guided
with
a
Hart.
But
it
is
requisite
that
in
an
Armye
there
be
both
good
souldiers
and
a
good
Captain
generall
,
to
the
intent
that
like
may
not
be
spoken
therof
,
that
Caesar
spake
:
who
going
against
Pompei
saide
:
he
went
against
a
Captaine
without
Souldiers
:
and
afterwardes
going
against
Afranius
in
Spaine
,
saide
:
that
he
went
against
an
Armie
without
Captaines
.
MOney
without
doubt
is
the
nourishment
of
an
army
,
the
which
giues
measure
to
euery
thing
,
and
is
conuerted
into
euery
thing
:
therfore
that
wise
auntient
man
saide
,
the
Captaines
,
the
souldiers
,
their
armes
and
weapons
,
the
instruements
and
engines
of
warre
,
the
artillerie
:
and
excluding
money
,
were
like
vnto
a
bodye
which
had
a
head
,
armes
,
neck
,
brest
,
legges
,
feet
,
but
no
belly
,
for
euen
as
the
bellie
giues
nourishment
to
all
the
bodye
:
so
mony
dooth
giue
substance
to
an
Armye
.
And
that
King
of
Sparta
did
call
it
the
sinewes
of
warre
,
for
euen
as
the
Sinewes
giues
mouing
to
the
bodye
,
so
monye
giues
life
to
an
Armie
.
TO
doubt
of
the
fauour
and
good
grace
of
our
Lord
and
Prince
,
although
a
man
haue
not
faulted
against
him
,
is
a
thing
common
to
manye
,
neither
is
it
necessarye
that
,
that
feare
which
is
had
of
our
Lord
&
maister
should
be
attributed
to
basenes
of
minde
,
neither
much
lesse
to
the
lightnes
of
nature
,
for
that
the
diuersitie
and
crueltie
of
our
desire
caused
through
the
diuersitie
of
accidentes
,
(
whilste
our
woorkes
and
actions
,
dooth
manifest
a
certaine
courage
and
constancie
)
ought
either
to
be
reputed
for
the
signe
of
a
bolde
and
constant
person
.
IN
my
opinion
he
hath
no
great
reason
to
lament
himself
,
that
at
any
time
hath
béene
contented
to
make
himself
equall
to
others
,
referring
himselfe
to
chaunce
:
The
which
for
no
other
respect
,
hath
béene
induced
and
brought
into
a
Commonwealth
,
but
only
to
take
away
,
all
sortes
of
concurrences
&
inequalities
:
and
to
content
equally
euery
one
.
MEn
doo
very
rarely
complaine
of
themselues
,
but
very
often
of
others
:
and
for
the
most
parte
,
doo
willingly
rage
against
Chance
.
Forsomuch
as
since
euery
day
there
doo
succéed
newe
and
strange
chaunces
,
and
not
vnderstanding
the
occasion
,
neither
the
meanes
by
which
they
are
wrought
:
Sodainlie
we
giue
the
praise
or
the
blame
vnto
Fortune
.
THe
Affaires
of
men
being
in
reuolution
&
motion
,
and
not
béeing
able
to
stand
firm
&
stedfast
:
it
is
conuenient
that
they
arise
vp
,
and
discend
downe
.
And
to
name
things
that
reason
dooth
not
induce
vs
,
necessitie
dooth
induce
vs
:
In
such
sorte
,
that
hauing
ordered
and
fashioned
a
Commonwealth
,
apt
to
maintaine
it selfe
without
enlarging
of
it
,
and
that
if
we
were
constrained
,
by
necessitie
to
enlarge
it
:
It
would
come
to
passe
,
that
we
should
remooue
our
foundacions
,
and
make
the
Common
wealth
sooner
to
ruinate
.
So
on
the
other
side
,
if
the
heauens
were
so
beneficiall
vnto
vs
,
that
our
state
should
haue
no
néede
to
make
warres
:
It
would
ensue
,
that
idlenes
would
either
woorke
deuision
amongst
vs
,
or
make
vs
effinate
.
The
which
two
thinges
together
,
or
either
of
them
by
her selfe
,
would
be
an
occasion
of
our
ruine
.
Therfore
since
we
cannot
(
as
I
beléeue
)
ballance
these
thinges
,
neither
precisely
kéepe
the
middle
path
:
it
is
necessary
that
in
the
directing
of
a
Commonwealth
,
we
should
think
vpon
the
most
honorable
partie
,
and
order
it
in
such
sorte
:
that
when
through
necessitie
we
should
be
brought
to
enlarge
it
:
we
may
be
able
to
kéep
that
which
we
haue
gotten
.
THe
offence
and
damage
of
a
priuate
person
againste
a
priuate
person
:
dooth
engender
feare
,
feare
séekes
for
defence
,
defence
dooth
procure
partakers
.
And
immediatly
parties
and
factions
arise
vp
in
a
Citie
or
state
,
and
such
partakings
doth
ruinate
the
same
.
WHen
it
appéeres
or
is
perceiued
that
forrayne
forces
be
called
in
by
parte
of
those
men
that
liue
in
one selfe
Citie
or
state
:
It
may
be
thought
,
that
it
springeth
of
the
naughtie
orders
therin
vsed
,
for
that
there
is
no
orders
that
can
(
without
extraordinary
meanes
)
extinguish
those
malignant
humours
that
arise
in
any
person
.
Therfore
we
ought
to
prouide
by
the
way
of
accusation
,
but
as
accusations
be
profitable
to
a
Commonwealth
:
so
detractions
are
damageable
.
DEtractions
or
calumnies
haue
no
néed
of
testimonies
or
any
other
perticuler
circumstances
to
prooue
them
,
In
such
sorte
that
euery
one
may
be
detracted
of
any
:
but
not
accused
.
Forsomuch
as
accusations
haue
need
of
proofes
and
of
circumstances
that
may
showe
the
trueth
of
the
accusation
.
WEe
ought
to
obserue
this
generall
rule
,
that
neuer
or
very
seldome
it
dooth
chaunce
:
That
any
Common
weale
or
Kingdome
,
is
at
the
first
well
instituted
,
or
at
all
,
beeing
made
newe
and
reformed
out
of
the
olde
constituted
Lawes
,
if
it
be
not
set
in
due
rule
and
order
by
one
alone
.
Therfore
it
is
necessary
that
one
alone
,
may
be
the
man
that
may
set
downe
the
manner
,
and
of
whose
minde
may
depend
what
institution
or
ordinance
soeuer
.
For
a
prudent
commaunder
of
a
Common
weale
,
which
caries
a
minde
to
benefit
,
not
himselfe
but
the
comminaltie
:
ought
to
endeuour
himselfe
to
sw●ie
alone
the
whole
Authoritie
,
and
a
wise
man
would
neuer
reprehend
him
,
that
to
constitute
a
kingdome
or
Common
weale
:
did
vse
any
extraordinary
action
.
WE
ought
to
reprehend
him
that
is
violent
to
spoyle
,
but
not
him
that
is
violant
and
of
a
forward
nature
to
adorne
and
polish
:
For
that
the
violence
to
adorne
be
comes
●
vertue
,
and
to
destroye
:
a
vise
.
MEn
are
accustomed
to
iudge
largelye
of
themselues
,
and
of
their
proper
merites
,
and
beholding
the
succession
of
thinges
as
we
doo
for
the
most
parte
,
and
séeing
some
out
of
all
expectation
and
peraduenture
without
merite
,
without
reason
,
or
at
the
least
without
proportion
:
and
by
contrary
waies
&
procéedings
,
to
be
placed
in
high
degrees
and
estate
:
their
hope
doth
awaken
in
such
sorte
,
and
they
proceede
so
far
in
their
thoughts
,
that
measuring
with
their
eyes
the
height
whither
they
determine
to
ascend
,
suddainly
they
flye
thither
with
their
imagination
,
and
doo
place
themselues
vpon
the
tipe
and
height
thereof
,
but
afterwardes
being
entred
into
the
troublesome
&
crooked
path
,
and
the
way
euery
day
encreasing
,
they
become
afflicted
,
fall
into
lamentations
,
and
sometimes
also
dispaire
to
be
able
to
attain
vnto
the
same
.
NOt
onely
the
good
being
,
but
also
the
simple
being
of
things
doth
principally
depend
vpon
the
conseruation
of
the
forme
and
finall
ends
:
and
the
one
and
the
other
is
maintained
in
the
Common-weale
by
two
means
,
that
is
to
say
,
by
the
lawes
and
by
Magistrates
:
And
therefore
where
these
things
are
not
obserued
,
and
wheras
in
these
cases
such
men
as
are
not
fit
for
such
like
charges
are
vsed
in
maneging
the
same
:
it
falles
out
of
necessitie
,
that
there
must
follow
great
alteration
.
MEn
doo
for
the
most
part
settle
and
staye
themselues
in
things
present
,
as
well
for
that
euerye
one
dooth
not
pearce
and
enter
with
the
eyes
of
his
discretion
into
the
nature
and
future
state
of
things
,
as
also
for
that
the
remedies
of
damages
are
not
endowed
with
glory
,
when
they
are
neither
doubted
nor
knowne
:
and
few
there
be
to
be
found
that
in
publick
causes
wil
recompence
their
present
trauailes
with
common
commodities
that
are
to
come
:
or
rather
which
at
the
least
do
not
suffer
themselues
to
be
deceiued
with
the
great
and
large
hopes
,
which
future
accidents
doo
promise
.
THe
very
same
dooth
chaunce
vnto
Common-weales
,
which
is
accustomed
to
fall
out
in
the
body
of
man
,
vnto
whome
his
euill
minded
appetite
is
an
occasion
of
disorders
,
wherof
after
spring
infirmities
,
with
the
trauail
and
greefe
of
the
body
and
of
the
minde
together
:
so
it
falles
out
,
that
a
certaine
sensualitye
(
to
tearme
it
so
)
hath
produced
and
dooth
produce
many
defectes
in
a
Common-weale
.
TO
giue
without
reputation
,
is
a
losse
without
gaine
,
it
being
estéemed
a
paiment
that
proceedes
of
duetye
,
and
not
a
gift
comming
of
curtesie
:
so
that
it
rather
giues
courage
to
him
that
hath
receiued
the
same
,
still
to
demaund
other
thinges
,
rather
then
to
recompence
those
he
hath
receiued
.
WHen
for
what
occasion
soeuer
alterations
is
once
made
in
the
States
,
and
that
they
s●raye
aside
from
their
finall
ends
:
infinit
difficulties
rise
vp
togither
with
the
same
,
and
alwaies
goes
forward
,
encreasing
amongst
the
gouernements
:
Example
heereof
was
giuen
by
the
Common-wealthes
of
Candie
and
Sparta
,
which
were
instituted
and
instructed
in
warrefare
The
very
same
did
the
Romane
Common-weale
,
who
for
the
remedie
of
their
troublesome
state
,
were
constrained
to
goe
abroade
continually
to
make
warres
:
to
the
intent
that
those
euill
humours
might
be
consumed
,
that
with
rest
did
spring
vp
amongst
the
Citizens
:
at
the
ende
when
they
had
no
more
to
ouercome
,
ouercomming
and
ruiniting
themselues
:
they
reduced
themselues
vnder
another
forme
of
state
,
forsomuch
as
the
end
being
once
changed
,
it
is
an
impossible
thing
to
stand
firme
and
fast
,
in
the
obseruation
of
the
mean
and
of
the
auntient
institutions
.
THe
way
how
to
manage
States
although
it
ought
to
be
somewhat
the
more
open
,
because
it
is
to
receiue
into
it
the
greater
number
of
persons
,
neuerthelesse
,
in
the
beginning
(
for
that
much
trust
is
required
)
the
entraunce
thereof
is
very
difficile
,
and
it
is
much
more
conuenient
for
vs
to
be
called
vnto
the
same
,
then
presumptuouslye
to
intrude
our selues
therinto
,
if
a
man
doo
not
make
profession
therof
,
he
is
neither
knowne
nor
reputed
for
sufficient
,
and
if
he
make
profession
therin
,
the
same
is
on
the
one
side
odious
,
and
the
other
side
is
also
hurtfull
to
his
owne
iudgement
:
and
he
that
makes
this
profession
,
doth
oftentimes
discourse
so
much
,
that
he
dooth
ouer-passe
his
bounds
,
and
dooth
foreshewe
many
false
propositions
:
and
finally
is
reputed
of
wise
men
,
like
vnto
those
souldiers
that
braue
and
bragge
it
out
in
the
time
of
peace
.
HE
that
doth
serue
a
Prince
a
farre
off
,
hath
very
hard
meanes
to
satisfie
him
:
for
that
those
errours
which
are
committed
are
of
the
greater
importance
,
and
cannot
be
so
easi●ye
remedied
:
besides
that
,
in
the
managing
of
them
we
cannot
comprehend
all
the
particuler
actions
of
the
instructions
,
by
reason
that
the
state
of
thinges
doo
change
vpon
a
soddaine
:
besides
that
,
this
maner
of
being
is
a
life
very
full
of
discommodities
and
perrilles
,
and
lesse
néere
vnto
rewards
▪
the
which
be
for
the
most
part
preuented
and
obtained
before
hand
of
those
that
remaine
about
the
presence
of
the
Prince
.
THe
way
and
path
of
the
goodnesse
and
bountye
of
exemplare
life
,
hath
her
difficulties
,
for
that
it
hath
néed
of
a
firm
and
great
staiednes
,
and
of
one
perpetuall
forme
and
order
:
with
bond
of
obligation
to
sustain
at
all
times
and
in
all
actions
,
one selfe
person
:
forsomuch
as
if
a
man
be
not
vnfainedly
good
,
he
leads
a
troublesome
and
an
vnhappye
life
aboue
all
others
,
dooing
so
many
thinges
and
abstaining
from
so
manye
other
,
against
their
owne
proper
apetite
:
and
to
faine
long
is
an
impossible
thing
,
for
that
euen
as
a
lame
person
by
any
equall
encrease
which
he
procureth
to
those
partes
that
are
shorter
then
the
rest
,
or
through
any
other
rel●efe
vsed
to
the
same
,
can
neuer
couer
the
matter
so
closely
,
but
that
in
going
he
shall
discouer
his
diffect
:
so
those
persons
in
their
procéedinges
,
cannot
go
in
such
measure
,
but
that
with
some
exteriour
signe
they
will
shew
their
wants
and
inward
lamenesse
.
EUery
one
that
placeth
himself
to
serue
in
Courte
:
ought
not
so
much
to
trust
in
his
prudence
,
that
he
should
presume
to
be
able
to
ouercome
euerye
aduersitie
.
Neither
so
much
neglect
his
affaires
,
that
he
altogether
commit
himself
to
chaunce
:
but
let
him
think
that
the
same
is
a
voyage
vpon
the
Sea
:
in
the
which
although
prudence
may
doo
much
and
makes
the
greatest
parte
of
the
windes
fauorable
,
neuerthelesse
,
he
cannot
prescribe
any
determined
or
certaine
time
to
ariue
safe
there
,
whither
others
haue
directed
their
course
.
Forsomuch
as
some
in
the
midst
of
Sommer
,
in
a
gallant
and
well
furnished
ship
,
doo
sincke
,
or
else
forsloe
very
much
:
others
in
winter
,
in
a
weake
&
vnfurnished
Bark
goe
speedily
and
safely
.
HEe
which
hath
the
onely
authoritie
:
ought
,
to
be
so
exactly
prudent
and
vertuous
:
That
,
that
authoritie
which
he
hath
obtained
,
be
not
left
vnto
an
other
as
an
Inheritance
.
For
that
men
beeing
more
prone
to
euill
then
to
goodnes
,
his
successor
may
vse
that
ambitiously
,
which
was
of
him
vsed
vertuously
.
Besides
this
,
although
one
be
apt
to
order
the
thinges
instituted
and
ordained
,
yet
is
it
not
to
endure
long
,
when
it
dooth
remaine
vpon
the
shoulders
of
one
alone
:
but
otherwise
it
falles
out
to
be
well
,
when
it
remaines
vnder
the
care
of
many
,
and
that
it
appertaines
to
manye
to
maintaine
the
same
.
For
that
euen
as
many
are
apt
to
order
and
rule
one
thing
,
for
that
they
doo
not
knowe
the
goodnes
of
the
same
:
occasioned
through
the
sundrie
opinions
that
are
amongst
them
:
So
when
they
once
knowe
it
,
they
do
not
easily
agrée
to
leaue
it
.
AMongst
all
those
men
that
are
had
in
commendation
,
those
are
moste
worthy
commendation
,
which
are
the
chéefe
heads
and
institutors
of
Religion
.
Next
vnto
these
,
those
that
haue
laide
the
foundacions
of
Common
weales
or
Kingdoms
.
After
these
,
those
that
haue
enlarged
them
,
and
next
vnto
them
,
those
that
be
learned
.
Contrarywise
,
those
men
are
infamous
and
detestable
,
which
haue
béene
the
destroyers
of
Religion
,
that
haue
disseuered
kingdoms
,
and
are
enemies
to
learning
,
vertue
,
and
valour
.
THere
was
neuer
any
institutor
of
extraordinary
lawes
amongst
any
people
,
but
that
he
made
his
refuge
to
the
helpe
of
God
:
For
otherwise
they
should
not
haue
béen
accepted
,
forsomuch
as
of
a
prudent
person
,
many
good
things
are
knowne
,
who
haue
not
in
themselues
any
euident
reason
,
able
to
showe
and
perswade
the
same
to
others
.
Therfore
wise
men
that
will
take
away
this
difficultie
,
doo
remit
the
whole
to
God
.
So
did
Licurgus
,
so
did
Solon
,
and
so
did
that
most
holy
and
diuine
Moses
.
REligion
causeth
good
orders
,
good
orders
bring
good
fortune
,
fortune
makes
good
successe
to
arise
in
all
enterprises
.
Therfore
the
obseruing
of
deuine
honours
and
deuine
woorships
:
is
the
occasion
of
the
greatnes
of
the
Common
wealth
.
And
where
the
feare
of
God
doth
fayle
:
it
is
conuenient
that
,
that
kingdome
be
sustained
with
a
Prince
that
with
feare
may
supplye
that
defect
where
there
is
no
Religion
.
THat
people
which
is
vsed
to
liue
in
bondage
,
béeing
set
at
libertie
:
is
like
in
all
respects
to
a
sauage
Beast
,
the
which
hath
béene
nourished
in
a
grate
or
close
place
.
The
which
béeing
by
chaunce
afterwards
set
at
libertie
abroad
in
the
Féeldes
:
not
béeing
vsed
to
séeke
for
his
owne
prouision
,
not
knowing
whither
to
flie
:
he
becomes
the
praye
of
the
first
,
that
goes
about
to
entrap
or
entangle
him
.
THat
common
vtilitie
that
is
drawne
of
liuing
feare
:
As
to
enioy
fréely
that
which
is
our
own
without
suspicion
not
to
dout
of
the
honour
of
women
and
of
our
Children
,
not
to
be
affraid
of
our selues
,
is
not
knowne
of
any
whilst
that
we
possesse
the
same
.
For
that
there
is
no
man
that
will
euer
confesse
to
be
bound
to
him
,
that
he
doth
not
offend
.
HEe
that
takes
in
hand
to
gouerne
a
multitude
,
either
by
waye
of
libertie
,
or
by
waye
of
principalitie
,
and
doth
not
assure
himself
of
those
that
doo
oppose
themselues
against
this
new
order
and
institution
:
makes
a
state
of
small
endurance
.
True
it
is
,
that
I
iudge
those
Princes
vnhappie
,
that
to
assure
their
state
,
are
constrained
to
hold
extraordinary
waies
,
hauing
the
multitude
for
enemie
,
for
so
much
as
he
that
hath
fewe
for
his
enemies
,
easilye
and
with
little
scandale
dooth
assure
himself
,
but
he
that
hath
an
vniuersall
people
for
his
enemy
,
shall
neuer
be
assured
:
and
by
how
much
the
more
he
vseth
crueltye
,
by
so
much
the
more
his
principalitie
becomes
weake
.
WEe
must
presuppose
it
to
be
a
most
true
thing
,
that
a
corrupted
Citie
which
dooth
liue
vnder
a
Prince
,
although
that
that
Prince
with
all
his
stock
be
exstinguished
,
cannot
reduce
it self
into
liberty
,
but
rather
it
is
conuenient
that
one
Prince
exstinguish
another
,
and
without
the
creation
of
a
new
Prince
it
neuer
ramaines
in
rest
:
if
alreadie
the
bountie
of
the
one
,
together
with
his
great
vertue
,
doo
not
kéep
it
frée
,
but
the
liberty
is
to
remaine
so
long
as
the
life
of
him
dooth
continue
.
WHere
the
ground
and
subiect
of
the
matter
is
not
corrupted
,
tumultes
and
other
scandales
cannot
bring
vs
any
damage
:
but
where
the
subiect
is
corrupted
,
there
Lawes
well
instituted
doo
not
helpe
,
if
it
were
not
already
set
forward
by
some
person
,
that
with
extreame
force
did
cause
it
so
well
to
be
obserued
,
that
the
subiects
should
become
good
:
it
is
true
,
that
this
may
fall
out
whilste
his
life
dooth
indure
,
but
when
he
is
dead
,
it
returnes
to
his
olde
and
former
state
,
and
the
vertue
and
force
of
the
vniuersall
subiect
being
alreadye
corrupted
,
we
cannot
sustaine
good
orders
.
A
Man
cannot
be
of
so
long
a
life
,
as
shal
be
of
sufficient
time
to
accustome
to
goodnes
,
a
Cittie
that
hath
a
long
time
béene
accustomed
to
euill
.
And
if
a
man
that
is
of
long
life
,
or
two
vertuous
successions
togither
dooth
not
prick
them
forward
,
when
one
of
them
begins
to
faile
,
it
dooth
ruinate
,
if
that
with
many
perrilles
and
much
blood
,
he
doo
not
cause
it
to
arise
againe
,
for
that
such
corruption
and
so
small
aptnes
of
free
life
,
dooth
spring
of
an
inequalitie
which
is
found
in
that
Cittie
or
State
:
and
desiring
to
reduce
it
to
equall
tearmes
,
it
is
necessarie
to
vse
great
extraordinaries
the
which
fewe
other
knowe
or
will
vse
.
WE
ought
to
praise
all
persons
modestlye
,
for
by
how
much
infamie
and
slaunders
doo
offend
those
against
whome
they
be
spoken
:
so
much
more
doo
the
praising
of
any
one
(
besides
that
we
commend
with
great
perrill
to
the
iudgement
and
bountie
of
him
of
whome
we
speake
)
dooth
oftentimes
offend
him
that
dooth
heare
the
same
:
in
respect
that
through
the
selfe
loue
that
dooth
gouerne
vs
,
the
good
or
the
euill
that
we
heare
reported
of
others
,
is
immediatly
reuolued
in
our
mindes
,
and
is
compared
to
our selues
:
wherupon
it
ariseth
,
that
euerye
one
that
is
of
such
defects
or
merites
,
calles
to
memorie
,
and
is
agréeued
that
his
praise
is
past
ouer
with
silence
,
or
else
dooth
feare
that
his
defects
be
not
discouered
:
and
it
often
comes
to
passe
,
that
we
offend
man
,
onely
with
carrying
lesse
respect
to
one
of
the
same
,
or
one
of
greater
quality
,
he
iudgiug
that
asmuch
or
perchaunce
more
shal
be
doone
to
him
.
WHen
a
Prince
hath
fortified
himselfe
with
confederates
,
with
good
Captains
,
with
valiant
souldiers
,
with
weapons
,
with
money
,
and
with
strong
places
:
it
followes
that
he
endeuour
himselfe
to
weaken
the
force
,
and
to
interrupt
and
break
asunder
the
aduersaries
determinations
:
the
which
thing
may
be
perfourmed
speedilye
or
late
,
according
as
occasion
shall
offer
it selfe
,
the
which
is
the
fountaine
and
originall
of
all
glorious
acts
.
AS
good
customes
to
the
intent
they
may
be
maintained
haue
néede
of
the
lawes
:
so
the
lawes
in
respect
they
may
be
obserued
,
haue
need
of
good
customes
.
THose
institutions
and
lawes
that
were
made
in
a
Common-weale
,
in
the
beginning
thereof
when
men
were
good
:
doo
not
serue
after
to
the
purpose
,
when
they
are
once
become
wicked
:
and
if
lawes
doo
varrie
in
a
Cittie
according
to
the
accidents
,
the
institutions
thereof
doo
sildome
or
neuer
varie
:
the
which
thing
makes
that
the
newe
lawes
doo
not
suffise
,
by
reason
that
the
institutions
that
stand
firme
,
doo
break
them
.
AMongst
the
Romanes
the
chéefest
degrees
of
the
Cittie
were
not
giuen
but
to
those
which
did
demaund
them
:
this
order
at
the
beginning
was
good
,
for
that
none
did
demaund
them
but
those
Citizens
which
were
iudged
woorthie
:
and
to
haue
the
repulse
was
an
ignominious
thing
,
wherupon
it
did
arise
,
that
to
the
intent
they
might
be
iudged
good
,
euerye
one
did
perfourme
good
actions
.
IN
the
institution
of
a
Cittie
or
State
to
a
politicke
life
,
presuppose
in
your
minde
a
good
man
.
And
to
become
a
Prince
by
violence
,
presuppose
in
your
minde
a
wicked
man
:
By
this
meanes
you
shall
sildome
finde
that
it
falles
out
that
a
good
man
becomes
a
Prince
by
wicked
meanes
although
the
end
were
good
:
and
that
one
that
is
wicked
being
become
a
Prince
,
will
performe
good
actions
,
&
that
it
will
fall
at
any
time
into
his
minde
to
vse
the
authoritie
well
,
which
he
hath
by
euill
meanes
obtained
.
HE
that
succéeds
in
state
,
although
he
be
not
of
so
great
valour
and
vertue
as
his
predecessour
,
yet
maye
he
maintaine
the
saide
state
through
the
force
and
vertue
of
him
that
gouerned
the
same
before
him
,
and
maye
enioye
the
fruites
of
his
trauailes
:
but
if
it
should
come
to
passe
that
he
were
not
of
a
long
life
,
or
that
after
him
there
did
not
spring
vp
another
,
which
dooth
put
vpon
him
the
valour
and
vertue
of
the
first
,
that
Kingdome
is
constrained
to
fall
into
ruine
:
So
in
contrary
sorte
,
if
●●ery
one
after
the
other
,
are
of
great
vertue
,
it
oftentimes
appeares
,
that
they
accomplish
great
things
and
that
they
mount
vp
with
their
fame
euen
to
the
highest
heauens
.
IT
is
a
thing
most
certaine
,
that
if
where
there
be
men
there
be
no
Souldiers
:
it
dooth
spring
through
the
fault
of
the
Prince
,
and
not
through
the
defect
or
any
want
in
nature
,
or
of
the
scituation
of
the
Countrie
:
for
that
,
a
wise
Prince
doth
vse
in
time
of
peace
the
orders
of
warfare
and
militarie
discipline
.
THere
be
two
sortes
of
flatterie
,
the
first
ariseth
of
a
malicious
craft
:
the
second
of
an
vnaccustomed
vse
in
conuersation
:
the
first
with
purpose
to
profit
,
is
pricked
forward
artificially
,
and
doo
vse
all
studie
to
deceiue
:
the
second
,
hath
for
his
purposed
end
,
a
care
and
feare
not
to
offend
,
and
therfore
dooth
vnwillingly
follow
the
other
,
who
for
all
that
becomes
his
guide
,
but
yet
he
is
drawne
by
her
as
though
it
were
by
feare
,
with
putting
in
obliuion
certaine
humilitie
,
certain
seruile
respects
and
most
vaine
titles
,
which
are
made
proper
and
fit
,
and
such
as
are
required
of
all
sorts
and
qualitie
of
persons
,
in
such
sort
,
as
they
cannot
be
shunned
euen
of
vertuous
men
,
and
such
as
remaine
written
in
these
tearmes
of
vse
.
IT
was
neuer
iudged
a
wise
resolution
,
to
put
in
perrill
all
thy
fortune
&
not
all
thy
forces
:
those
do
fal
into
this
inconuenience
,
which
determine
when
the
enemie
comes
,
to
defend
the
difficile
places
,
&
to
kéepe
the
passages
:
forsomuch
as
it
is
a
thing
of
great
damages
,
if
in
that
difficilplace
we
cannot
commodiously
place
all
our
forces
:
and
in
the
case
we
ought
to
take
that
resolution
,
but
if
the
place
be
rough
and
ragged
,
and
so
strait
that
we
cannot
plant
al
our
strengths
:
our
resolution
is
naught
:
therefore
if
we
loose
that
passage
which
we
did
presuppose
to
kéep
,
and
in
the
which
the
people
and
our
armie
did
put
their
confidence
:
there
dooth
enter
for
the
most
parte
into
the
people
,
and
into
all
the
rest
of
the
armie
so
great
terrour
,
that
without
making
triall
or
experience
of
their
valour
and
vertue
,
doo
giue
ouer
themselues
to
loose
all
.
And
so
it
comes
to
passe
that
we
forgoe
all
our
whole
fortune
,
and
ouerthrowe
parte
of
our
forces
.
NO
well
ordered
Common-wealth
dooth
at
any
time
cansell
out
the
demerites
of
her
Citizens
,
with
their
merites
,
but
hauing
appointed
rewardes
,
for
a
good
deede
,
and
punishments
for
a
wicked
:
and
hauing
rewarded
some
one
for
that
he
hath
doone
well
,
if
that
the
same
man
do
afterwards
commit
any
thing
that
is
euill
:
he
is
to
be
chastised
without
any
respect
of
his
good
d●eds
,
for
that
if
vnto
a
citizen
that
hath
performed
and
doone
any
famous
thing
for
his
Cittie
,
be
ioyned
(
besides
the
reputation
that
such
a
one
hath
gained
)
a
certaine
audacitie
,
confidence
&
trust
,
to
be
able
without
feare
to
doo
any
thing
that
is
not
good
:
he
will
in
time
become
so
insolent
,
that
he
will
dissolue
all
the
order
of
ciuill
life
.
HE
that
would
reforme
the
state
of
a
Cittie
,
desiring
to
haue
that
reformation
accepted
,
and
to
haue
it
likewise
maintained
with
the
satisfaction
of
euery
one
:
It
is
necessary
that
he
retaine
at
the
least
the
shadowe
of
the
auntient
customes
,
to
the
intent
that
it
may
not
appeare
to
the
people
that
he
hath
changed
the
olde
orders
and
institutions
,
although
in
effects
the
ordinances
were
newe
,
and
altogither
alienated
from
those
that
were
before
:
for
that
the
vniuersall
mindes
of
men
is
so
fed
with
that
outward
shew
which
it
séemes
to
carrie
,
as
if
it
were
the
very
same
indéede
,
so
that
they
are
muche
more
mooued
with
th●se
things
of
outward
appearance
,
them
with
that
which
they
are
in
effect
.
THe
vice
of
ingratitude
dooth
spring
either
of
couetousnes
or
of
suspect
,
for
that
,
when
any
people
or
any
Prince
doo
send
foorth
any
Generall
or
Captaine
,
into
what
importunate
expedition
soeuer
,
where
he
gaines
sufficient
glorye
:
that
Prince
or
people
is
afterwardes
bound
to
rewarde
him
,
and
if
in
change
they
dishonour
or
endamage
him
,
moued
thereunto
by
couetousnes
:
they
commit
an
errour
which
cannot
be
excused
,
but
rather
they
loade
their
backs
with
a
perpetuall
infamie
.
THe
nature
of
men
is
ful
of
ambition
and
suspition
,
and
cannot
giue
any
staye
or
meane
to
none
of
their
Fortunes
:
therfore
it
is
an
impossible
thing
but
that
,
that
suspition
which
dooth
arise
in
a
Prince
immediatly
after
the
victorie
of
his
Captaine
Generall
:
should
be
caused
by
the
encrease
of
some
maner
or
fashion
of
behauiour
vsed
insolently
in
the
said
Captaine
:
so
that
a
Prince
can
enter
into
no
other
thought
,
then
how
to
assure
himselfe
,
either
by
putting
him
to
death
,
or
by
taking
from
him
his
reputation
,
or
to
make
shewe
with
all
industrie
,
that
that
victorie
did
arise
not
by
his
valour
and
vertue
,
but
by
Fortune
,
or
through
the
vile
basenes
of
his
enemie
,
or
by
the
prudence
of
some
other
of
his
Captaines
,
that
were
in
that
faction
.
SUspition
is
so
naturall
in
Princes
,
that
they
cannot
defend
themselues
from
the
same
:
wherupon
it
is
impossible
that
they
should
shew
gratefulnes
to
those
that
haue
vnder
their
Ensignes
gained
victorie
,
and
that
which
a
Prince
cannot
defend
himselfe
from
:
it
is
no
miracle
although
the
people
doo
not
defend
themselues
from
:
for
that
a
Citie
which
haue
lawes
frée
,
hauing
two
finall
endes
,
the
one
to
settle
commodities
,
and
the
other
to
maintain
their
freedome
:
it
falles
out
of
necessitie
,
that
through
ouermuch
loue
,
they
should
erre
both
in
the
one
and
the
other
case
.
THat
Captaine
which
will
auoide
ingratitude
,
it
is
necessarie
that
he
doo
one
of
these
two
thinges
:
either
that
immediatly
after
the
victorie
he
put
al
into
the
hands
of
his
Prince
,
or
that
he
kéepe
himselfe
from
committing
any
insolent
or
ambitious
act
,
to
the
intent
that
the
Prince
being
made
voyde
of
all
suspition
,
he
may
haue
no
occasion
either
to
punishe
him
,
or
to
doo
him
any
hurt
,
but
when
the
Generall
dooth
not
so
:
let
him
couragiouslye
take
holde
of
all
those
meanes
,
to
make
those
thinges
that
he
hath
gained
,
hisowne
.
FLatterie
is
chéefelye
found
in
Courtes
,
Pallaces
,
and
●ouses
,
and
also
in
Common-wealthes
,
and
in
euerye
place
,
touching
the
person
of
him
that
dooth
flatter
,
and
of
h●m
that
is
flattered
:
the
flatterer
hath
néede
or
desire
of
something
the
which
may
be
for
his
gaine
,
or
else
to
conserue
,
to
obtaine
,
or
not
to
loose
,
by
the
meanes
of
him
that
he
dooth
flatter
:
forsomuch
as
the
person
that
is
flattered
is
alwaies
more
mightye
then
he
that
flatters
,
or
at
the
least
such
a
one
as
in
some
respects
may
fauour
him
:
And
therfore
it
is
vsed
in
Common-weales
amongst
those
that
be
equalles
,
and
also
of
the
superiours
towards
the
inferiours
:
only
it
rests
,
that
those
that
be
miserable
and
base
men
,
which
are
not
thought
to
be
able
in
any
case
either
to
harme
or
helpe
,
doo
not
flatter
and
in
like
sorte
as
well
those
that
are
endowed
with
magnanimitie
,
and
are
in
happie
estate
,
as
those
that
be
presumptuous
,
and
those
that
content
themselues
with
their
estate
,
be
not
flatterers
.
MEn
to
obtaine
their
intents
vse
their
meanes
,
that
is
to
say
:
either
force
,
either
recompence
,
or
the
amiable
willes
of
others
:
the
two
first
doo
not
appertaine
to
flatterers
:
for
,
he
that
will
vse
force
,
or
giue
due
recompence
,
dooth
neuer
flatter
:
besides
that
,
force
belonges
to
the
mighty
,
where
flattery
appertains
more
to
the
weakned
.
And
recompences
makes
men
,
at
the
least
in
that
act
,
equall
amongst
themselues
.
Where
flatterie
makes
them
vnequall
:
amitie
remaines
,
the
which
is
gained
with
beneuolence
,
and
is
maintained
with
fréendship
,
or
with
the
similitude
of
the
one
and
the
other
.
THe
reputation
of
dignitie
the
which
doth
spring
of
vertue
&
valour
of
magnificence
,
of
studies
,
of
thoughtes
,
of
woords
,
and
of
such
customes
,
that
they
doo
not
disagrée
from
the
state
wherein
a
Gentleman
dooth
remaine
,
and
that
togither
they
are
not
farre
seperated
from
that
vnto
which
he
maye
attaine
:
the
which
thing
ought
to
be
alwaies
●efore
the
eyes
of
a
Gentleman
,
as
well
for
that
he
may
neuer
be
reputed
vnwoorthie
,
as
also
for
that
he
neuer
come
to
be
suspected
that
he
is
not
apt
to
become
a
Maiestrate
.
WHosoeuer
dooth
possesse
a
state
,
ought
to
consider
before
aduerse
times
doo
chaunce
,
that
he
maye
haue
néede
of
sundrye
men
,
and
after
this
consideration
to
liue
amongst
them
in
such
sorte
,
that
he
shall
iudge
(
whensoeuer
that
time
shall
fall
out
)
that
he
of
necessitie
must
liue
:
and
he
that
gouernes
himselfe
otherwise
,
and
after
when
the
perrill
comes
vpon
him
,
dooth
think
to
gaine
men
with
benefites
:
he
is
disceiued
,
for
he
cannot
only
,
not
assure
him selfe
,
but
dooth
rather
hasten
his
ruine
.
WHen
any
inconuenience
dooth
arise
in
a
Common-weale
,
caused
by
inward
,
or
outward
,
or
for
vain
occasions
,
is
become
so
great
,
that
it
begins
to
strike
feare
in
the
hartes
of
euery
one
:
it
is
a
more
sure
resolution
,
to
temporise
the
same
,
them
to
attempt
to
exstinguish
it
,
for
that
those
that
goe
about
to
choake
and
kill
it
,
doo
almost
alwaies
make
the
forces
therof
greater
,
and
doo
hasten
that
euill
which
is
suspected
of
the
same
.
IF
there
be
seene
to
arise
in
a
Common-weale
,
a
noble
person
,
that
hath
extraordinarie
vertues
,
the
eyes
of
the
Citizens
turning
their
sight
vpon
him
,
doo
concurre
and
runne
without
any
respect
to
honour
him
,
in
such
sort
,
that
if
there
be
in
him
any
ambition
at
all
,
those
fauours
that
nature
and
these
accidentes
haue
giuen
him
,
being
vnited
together
,
comes
immediatly
in
place
:
that
when
the
Citizens
perceiue
their
errour
,
they
haue
small
remedye
to
resist
the
same
:
and
going
about
to
doo
so
,
they
performe
naught
else
but
to
hasten
forward
his
power
.
IF
a
Citizen
would
be
able
to
endamage
and
to
take
vpon
him
extraordinarye
authoritie
:
it
is
requisite
he
haue
many
partes
and
qualities
which
he
can
neuer
haue
,
in
a
Common-weale
not
corrupted
:
for
that
it
is
necessarie
that
he
be
very
rich
,
that
he
haue
sufficient
store
of
pertakers
and
adherents
which
he
cannot
haue
where
the
lawes
are
obserued
,
and
although
he
had
,
yet
such
men
are
so
timerous
,
that
those
frée
fauours
doo
not
concurre
in
them
.
WHen
the
auntient
gouernours
of
State
,
did
sée
the
Common-weale
quiet
and
in
good
case
,
they
did
alwaies
finde
out
something
although
feinedly
to
the
intent
the
Citizens
might
be
afraide
:
for
that
by
this
feare
they
might
arise
to
be
more
carefull
,
and
the
more
watchful
for
the
preseruation
of
their
safetie
:
forsomuch
as
those
wise
aun●ient
fathers
did
very
well
know
,
that
the
vniuersall
defect
of
men
,
is
willing
to
become
idle
and
negligent
,
&
neuer
by
their
good
wils
to
apply
themselues
in
a
life
that
is
indu●trious
,
but
only
when
necessitie
constraines
them
.
LEagues
are
accustomed
not
to
endure
long
,
whose
force
and
fury
is
at
the
beginning
:
therfore
it
necessarily
falles
out
,
that
they
take
in
hand
enterprises
that
endure
but
a
small
time
.
IT
is
a
manifest
thing
that
the
force
of
Leagues
not
vsed
in
their
heate
,
doo
soone
vanish
away
:
for
that
immediatly
suspition
makes
entry
,
which
doth
coole
and
dissolue
them
,
and
as
at
one
instant
they
are
disseuered
:
so
they
cannot
be
knit
againe
togither
,
without
a
long
space
of
time
.
AMbition
is
of
so
mightye
power
in
the
brest
of
men
,
that
it
neuer
doth
abandon
them
:
the
occasion
is
,
for
that
nature
hath
created
men
,
that
they
maye
desire
all
thinges
,
but
not
obtaine
all
thinges
:
in
such
sorte
,
that
alwaies
our
desires
being
greater
then
our
power
to
obtain
:
it
doth
turne
to
the
euill
contentation
and
small
satisfaction
of
him
that
dooth
possesse
.
Of
this
doth
arise
the
varying
and
changing
of
fortune
,
for
that
men
desiring
,
some
to
haue
more
,
and
some
fearing
to
lose
that
they
haue
alredy
gotten
,
fall
out
to
vse
iniuries
,
and
finally
warres
,
wherof
the
ruine
of
one
prouince
doth
arise
,
and
the
exaltation
of
another
.
A
Prince
in
the
managing
of
his
estate
,
doth
not
onelye
seek
to
redresse
present
scandales
,
but
also
those
that
are
future
,
and
to
prouide
for
the
same
with
all
industrye
,
for
that
prouiding
for
the
same
a
far
off
,
he
may
easilye
remedie
them
,
but
expecting
vntill
the
euill
drawe
neere
:
the
phisick
comes
not
in
time
,
forsomuch
as
not
being
known
,
it
both
growes
olde
and
to
be
without
cure
.
WHen
a
Prince
would
maintain
his
state
in
a
Prouince
,
disagreeing
in
customes
and
lawes
,
from
his
nature
:
finding
therin
much
difficultie
,
it
is
requisite
that
he
haue
great
fortune
and
great
industry
but
the
most
assured
way
is
:
that
he
goe
to
remaine
there
in
person
,
to
the
intent
the
possession
may
be
assured
,
and
those
disorders
maye
be
discerned
,
vnto
which
remedye
maye
be
giuen
,
besides
that
,
the
subiects
hauing
their
Prince
néere
at
hand
,
and
carrying
willing
mindes
to
be
good
,
they
haue
greater
cause
to
loue
him
,
and
being
the
contrary
,
to
feare
him
:
and
he
that
goes
about
to
assault
him
,
shall
remaine
more
doubtfull
,
and
although
he
determine
to
doo
so
,
yet
he
ouercomes
with
greater
difficultie
.
HE
that
is
in
a
Prouince
with
his
regiments
or
colonies
that
consist
of
many
footmen
,
and
of
many
inhabitours
therin
:
ought
to
make
himselfe
the
head
and
defendour
of
his
neighbours
that
are
of
lesse
power
then
he
is
himselfe
,
or
rather
to
indeuour
himselfe
to
weaken
the
most
mighty
of
them
,
and
he
ought
to
haue
care
and
regarde
▪
that
for
no
accident
no
Strangers
doo
enter
into
his
slate
,
forsomuch
as
they
are
euer
hunted
after
of
those
that
are
mal-contents
in
that
Prouince
,
either
through
ouergreat
ambition
,
or
through
ouer-great
pouertie
.
IMmediatlye
after
a
mightye
Stranger
is
entered
into
a
Prouince
,
all
those
that
are
of
meanest
power
in
the
same
,
doo
ioyne
themselues
vnto
him
,
moued
through
the
enuye
that
they
haue
had
against
him
that
hath
beene
mighty
against
them
,
by
reason
that
in
respect
of
these
small
powers
,
the
stranger
hath
little
trauail
to
gain
the
same
,
that
assemble
themselues
incontinently
about
him
,
he
hath
only
this
to
thinke
vpon
,
that
they
take
not
vpon
them
ouer
much
force
,
or
ouermuch
authoritie
,
the
which
he
may
easily
doo
,
debasing
with
his
forces
the
most
mightye
,
to
remaine
altogither
the
arbitratour
of
the
Prouince
,
and
he
that
doth
not
gouerne
himselfe
well
in
this
part
,
he
shall
soone
loose
that
he
hath
gotten
.
THey
doo
not
breake
their
accorde
and
compact
,
who
when
they
are
not
aided
and
succoured
,
confederate
themselues
with
others
:
but
rather
those
that
yeelde
no
succours
to
them
with
whome
they
haue
made
conuention
and
are
in
consorte
.
And
he
merites
no
blame
who
because
he
will
not
fall
into
perrilles
that
be
exceeding
great
,
castes
his
eyes
with
diligence
vpon
those
things
that
are
profitable
vnto
him
:
rather
than
vnto
those
,
which
for
other
mens
caus●s
are
damageable
vnto
him
.
A
Wise
man
knowes
easily
the
generall
inclination
of
any
nation
,
and
the
actions
therof
being
publick
:
it
is
necessarie
that
the
same
shewe
perforce
her
minde
and
desires
,
foorth
of
which
afterward
are
drawne
perticular
determinations
either
more
or
lesse
,
according
to
the
capacitie
of
that
wise
man
:
which
hath
charge
to
perce
and
desipher
the
same
.
THe
great
and
mighty
Northern
Princes
,
which
haue
many
Children
,
carrie
alwaies
their
mindes
apt
and
prone
to
make
warres
as
well
in
respect
of
glory
,
as
also
to
obtaine
state
for
their
Children
,
and
to
deliuer
their
owne
Kingdomes
,
from
those
disturbations
,
which
for
the
most
parte
,
the
first
begotten
amongst
many
brethren
,
is
accustomed
to
bring
,
and
if
vnto
these
respects
wrath
and
glorie
be
ioyned
,
without
all
doubt
they
exalte
very
much
that
Kingdome
,
which
according
to
their
imagination
is
most
easie
to
be
conquered
:
or
in
the
which
they
haue
some
〈◊〉
or
pr●tence
of
right
,
to
the
intent
they
may
in
eche
cas●
that
dooth
chaunce
either
of
Leages
,
either
towardes
their
aduersaries
,
or
in
any
iustifications
:
salue
the
appearance
thereof
to
the
worlde
.
SOliman
the
Emperour
of
the
Turkes
saide
,
that
Princes
ought
not
to
vse
the
help
and
aide
of
a
Seruant
oftner
then
once
:
forsomuch
as
,
in
that
first
fact
his
desire
to
obtaine
the
good
grace
of
his
Prince
:
and
the
greatnes
of
the
demaund
,
dooth
make
him
to
resolue
in
himself
to
obey
his
request
,
hauing
no
space
to
think
either
of
the
perrill
or
of
his
owne
aduauntage
:
but
when
after
he
comes
afreshe
to
request
him
,
he
thinkes
no
more
of
the
fauour
alreadye
obtained
,
but
dooth
imagine
to
make
frée
himselfe
,
with
the
perrill
of
his
Prince
,
and
to
aduauntage
himselfe
by
some
meanes
,
to
the
damage
oftentimes
of
his
Prince
,
and
the
falsing
of
his
own
faith
.
IT
oftentimes
comes
to
passe
,
that
when
we
demaund
a
thing
and
are
not
able
to
obtain
it
:
for
that
we
haue
not
in
a
readines
the
reasons
that
may
be
opposed
,
we
lose
reputation
,
and
he
that
doth
deny
the
same
:
besides
that
,
he
dooth
repute
vs
for
presumptuous
and
imprudent
,
imagining
that
he
hath
offended
vs
,
by
reason
of
his
deniall
:
and
growes
to
hate
vs
.
Heerof
it
ariseth
,
that
the
gate
is
shutte
vp
against
o●r
obtaining
of
any
other
thing
,
which
easily
would
haue
béene
graunted
vs
,
the
which
we
do
not
now
procéed
to
demaund
,
because
the
first
hath
been
denyed
,
wherupon
he
knowing
our
néede
and
necessitie
,
dooth
not
offer
the
same
,
supposing
that
we
are
displeased
.
A
Wise
Officer
or
seruaunt
ought
after
the
maner
of
an
excellent
Phisition
,
foresée
that
which
he
may
hope
for
,
or
that
which
he
maye
feare
,
neither
hoping
nor
fearing
more
or
lesse
,
then
so
much
as
is
conuenient
,
and
he
may
very
easily
know
in
the
beginning
,
if
that
his
hope
be
in
augmentation
,
in
estate
,
or
in
declination
:
and
knowing
the
same
,
he
may
make
his
prognosticate
,
to
the
intent
he
néede
not
altogither
to
expect
his
sorrowe
,
and
he
ought
to
aduertise
his
Prince
or
Maister
,
thereby
to
shewe
himselfe
prudent
,
kéeping
alwais
his
iudgement
in
hand
,
not
suffering
him
to
be
exalted
through
hope
,
neither
fall
downe
to
the
ground
through
feare
,
and
so
affaires
are
handled
with
prudence
,
and
come
to
passe
to
his
honor
,
that
dooth
negotiate
for
the
profit
of
his
Master
.
WHen
Princes
doo
not
graunt
,
or
are
correspondent
to
other
mens
demaunds
,
it
growes
vpon
these
occasions
,
either
that
their
silence
giues
them
time
to
resolue
vpon
some
thing
that
is
doubtfull
,
or
else
with
their
silence
they
deny
the
same
:
iudging
the
demaund
to
be
vniust
,
or
else
they
despise
him
that
hath
made
the
demaund
,
although
it
be
vniust
,
either
else
despise
the
seruaunt
that
doth
demaund
the
same
,
or
else
exspects
new
aduertisements
,
the
better
to
resolue
himselfe
,
or
otherwise
in
this
case
giue
good
woords
to
their
Seruants
:
therfore
the
prudent
negotiatour
ought
to
make
his
considerations
,
in
which
estate
of
these
foresaide
cases
,
he
dooth
finde
himselfe
,
and
takes
his
expedition
in
hand
with
the
better
deliberation
.
PLato
would
haue
the
duetye
of
a
good
Citizen
to
consist
in
these
fower
thinges
,
for
the
benefite
of
the
common-weale
:
that
is
,
that
he
be
prudent
in
discearning
those
things
that
be
present
,
and
preuent
those
that
are
to
come
:
iust
in
distributing
to
euerye
one
according
to
his
demerites
,
strong
to
ouer-come
feares
,
which
are
an
impediment
to
the
operation
of
vertue
,
and
temporate
in
our
desires
.
IF
we
desire
to
gouerne
secretlye
and
surelye
in
any
State
:
there
is
nothing
more
necessarie
then
to
haue
knowledge
of
the
determinations
and
designes
of
great
Princes
:
and
in
what
sorte
they
are
of
abilitie
to
be
executed
:
for
that
a
man
maye
preserue
himselfe
in
time
of
peace
,
which
whosoeuer
he
imagineth
may
aide
or
profit
him
through
their
amitie
,
and
maye
prouide
himselfe
in
case
of
any
disturbance
,
to
the
intent
to
auoide
harme
.
THe
knowledge
of
matters
of
state
,
is
sifted
out
of
Princes
by
sundrie
meanes
.
Forsomuch
,
as
some
procure
to
knowe
the
same
by
way
of
reporte
,
some
by
way
of
discourse
,
some
by
the
meanes
of
espialls
,
some
by
stipendary
intelligencers
,
and
some
by
the
disposition
of
this
man
,
and
some
by
that
man
.
But
there
is
no
way
so
certain
:
as
by
the
meanes
of
Ambassadours
,
&
especially
of
those
,
that
either
through
the
greatnes
of
their
Prince
,
or
by
his
owne
proper
vertue
,
is
in
reputation
:
for
that
dealing
alwaies
with
greate
persons
,
and
pondering
diligently
,
their
customes
,
their
woords
,
their
counsell
,
the
valour
,
the
maner
of
euery
one
and
of
the
Prince
himself
:
they
may
with
a
more
surer
grounded
foundacion
,
then
those
that
write
Cronicles
:
knowe
by
reporte
,
thinges
that
are
past
:
neither
like
exploratoures
,
rest
onely
vpon
the
consideration
of
thinges
present
:
But
with
a
certain
and
assured
consideracion
drawne
foorth
of
these
and
those
thinges
:
make
iudgement
of
that
which
is
to
come
.
THose
Common-weales
that
were
well
instituted
,
giuing
out
Authoritie
any
long
time
,
appoynted
vnto
the
same
certaine
guardes
and
watch
men
,
that
the
wicked
vnto
whome
such
authoritie
did
belonge
,
should
not
be
able
to
vse
it
naughtily
:
and
in
this
case
,
it
helpes
not
that
the
matter
and
substance
should
not
be
corrupted
.
For
that
an
absolute
Authoritie
,
dooth
corrupte
in
shorte
time
the
matter
and
substance
,
and
makes
them
partakers
and
freendes
.
And
to
such
a
person
it
hurtes
not
that
he
is
poore
,
or
that
he
hath
no
kins-folkes
.
For
that
riches
and
other
fauours
,
doo
run
immediatly
after
him
.
A
Common
weale
,
maye
haue
more
confidence
in
a
Citizen
,
that
from
a
highe
degrée
,
descendes
to
gouerne
one
that
is
lesse
:
then
in
him
,
that
from
a
small
degrée
ascends
to
a
greater
.
For
that
in
reason
this
man
cannot
be
credited
,
if
he
haue
not
good
men
about
him
,
who
are
of
such
reuerence
and
vertue
,
that
those
nouelties
he
raiseth
,
maye
be
moderated
with
their
authoritye
and
counsell
.
THose
men
that
would
put
any
thing
in
execution
,
ought
firste
to
prepare
themselues
with
all
industrie
,
when
occasion
commeth
,
to
remaine
in
good
readines
,
to
satisfie
and
performe
that
,
which
they
haue
determined
to
put
in
execution
,
and
for
that
when
preparations
are
made
politickly
and
craftily
they
are
not
known
,
he
cannot
be
accused
of
any
negligence
,
if
first
it
be
not
discouered
by
occasion
,
in
the
which
if
afterwards
it
woorke
not
effect
,
it
appeares
that
either
he
made
not
such
preparations
as
were
sufficient
,
or
that
he
thought
of
no
parte
of
them
before
hand
.
TO
desire
to
take
away
a
disorder
sprung
vp
in
a
Common-weale
,
and
for
this
respect
to
make
a
Lawe
that
may
looke
a
great
time
backward
,
is
no
good
resolution
:
for
that
we
procure
naught
else
but
hasten
that
euill
vnto
which
this
disorder
doth
conduct
and
leade
vs
,
but
by
temporising
either
that
the
euill
may
goe
forward
more
slolye
or
that
by
it selfe
(
before
it
take
effect
)
it
may
be
exstinguished
in
time
.
THe
woorst
qualitie
that
a
weake
Common-weale
can
haue
,
is
to
be
irresolute
,
for
that
all
the
resolutions
they
take
,
they
take
them
by
force
,
and
if
they
doo
any
thing
that
is
good
,
they
doo
it
by
force
and
not
by
prudence
,
forsomuch
as
their
weakenes
,
will
neuer
suffer
them
to
consult
where
there
is
any
doubt
,
and
if
that
doubt
be
not
cancelled
,
by
some
violence
that
dooth
pricke
it
forward
:
they
hang
alwaies
in
suspition
.
THe
distribution
and
diuision
of
the
politick
iustice
,
life
and
gouernement
,
would
be
ruled
with
a
Geometricall
proportion
,
that
is
,
according
to
the
qualitie
of
the
person
:
otherwise
it
is
no
ius●i●●
.
As
for
example
it
appeares
,
that
punishment
by
infamie
is
a
small
punishment
to
one
of
base
degree
,
whereas
to
a
noble
personage
it
is
of
great
detriment
.
Therfore
those
Officers
and
ministers
that
procéede
in
merites
and
demerites
,
in
fauours
and
disfauours
,
in
one
maner
and
with
one
measure
,
having
no
consideration
to
the
diuersity
,
that
nature
and
fortune
hath
put
betwixt
the
one
and
the
other
,
so
that
they
cannot
be
changed
vnlesse
the
nature
and
custome
of
the
whole
worlde
be
changed
:
doo
not
vnderstand
the
same
as
it
ought
to
be
:
for
that
the
nobilitie
growe
into
dispaire
,
perceiuing
themselues
to
be
debased
,
in
like
equall
sort
to
those
that
be
their
inferiours
,
and
perceiuing
that
those
which
are
of
base
degrée
to
be
entreated
and
ordered
like
the
nobilitie
:
it
makes
them
become
insolent
.
THe
forces
of
Princes
,
if
they
be
not
gouerned
with
reason
,
and
with
good
counsell
:
doo
not
onely
become
weak
and
vaine
,
but
for
the
most
parte
are
damageable
to
those
that
possesse
them
:
but
if
they
be
ruled
by
prudence
and
good
iudgement
,
they
woorke
meruailous
effects
,
and
giue
vnto
our
fréends
hope
and
securitie
,
and
bringes
vnto
our
enemies
confusion
and
feare
.
THe
reputation
and
credit
of
a
well
ordered
common-weale
,
is
preserued
with
ne●tralitie
,
with
abstaining
from
entring
into
league
with
any
Prince
,
with
remaining
in
amitie
with
all
,
and
by
kéeping
all
Princes
in
hope
by
shunning
all
occasions
to
suffer
damage
or
iniury
of
any
whosoeuer
,
by
entertaining
many
Captaines
of
valour
and
of
experience
,
by
making
good
and
forceable
preparations
of
warfare
by
Land
:
and
by
not
abandoning
with
negligence
his
Nauie
for
the
Seas
,
by
kéeping
and
maintaining
the
people
in
loue
and
fidelitie
,
and
by
giuing
vnto
the
Nobility
honours
,
to
those
that
be
of
base
degrée
many
commodities
:
and
finally
by
giuing
vnto
euery
one
securitie
and
iustice
,
hauing
chéefe
care
that
all
men
obserue
,
obey
and
reuerence
deuine
institutions
.
IT
is
easilye
knowne
by
those
that
consider
well
,
those
thinges
that
are
present
,
and
those
things
that
are
past
in
auntient
time
:
how
that
in
all
Cities
and
amongst
all
people
,
the
same
desires
and
the
same
honours
,
that
euer
were
amongst
them
doo
still
remaine
:
in
such
sorte
that
it
is
a
very
easie
thing
to
him
that
dooth
well
and
diligently
examine
things
past
,
to
foresee
in
a
Common-weale
those
thinges
that
are
to
come
:
and
to
vse
those
remedies
that
of
the
antiquitie
were
vsed
,
or
not
finding
those
that
haue
been
vsed
to
think
vpon
new
,
through
the
similitude
of
the
accidents
:
but
for
these
considerations
,
are
either
neglected
or
not
vnderstoode
of
those
that
read
,
or
if
they
be
vnderstoode
,
they
are
not
knowne
of
them
that
gouerne
,
neither
are
they
followed
,
for
that
the
selfesame
scandalles
are
to
be
found
in
all
ages
.
WHen
the
people
are
brought
into
this
errour
,
to
giue
reputation
to
one
sole
person
,
which
dooth
ruinate
and
reuenge
himselfe
against
those
he
hates
,
and
that
the
same
man
be
not
wise
:
it
will
euer
chaunce
,
that
he
being
become
a
Tirant
,
will
endeuour
himselfe
together
with
the
fauour
of
the
people
,
to
roote
out
and
exstinguishe
the
Nobiliti●
:
neither
will
he
euer
turne
himselfe
to
oppresse
the
people
,
but
when
he
hath
destroyed
all
the
Nobilitye
.
ALthough
those
that
be
noble
desire
to
be
Tirants
,
neuerthelesse
that
parte
of
the
nobility
which
kéep
them selues
foorth
of
the
path
of
tirannie
,
are
alwaies
enemies
to
a
Tirant
,
who
can
neuer
gaine
to
his
parte
all
the
nobility
,
through
the
ambition
&
great
couetousnes
which
remaines
in
him
●
forsomuch
as
the
Tirant
is
not
able
to
haue
such
store
of
riches
,
and
so
many
honours
,
as
would
satisfie
all
the
whole
members
of
them
.
Whereupon
it
comes
to
passe
,
that
those
Tirants
which
haue
to
their
fréendes
the
vniuersall
multitude
of
the
people
,
and
for
enemies
those
that
be
great
personages
,
are
more
secure
,
for
that
their
violence
is
sustayned
with
a
greater
force
then
those
be
that
haue
the
people
to
their
enemies
,
and
the
Nobilitie
to
their
freends
.
HE
that
in
shewe
hath
appeared
for
good
a
certaine
time
,
and
will
at
his
fantasie
and
pleasure
become
naught
:
must
procéede
in
the
same
with
due
meanes
,
and
guide
himselfe
in
such
sort
with
occasion
,
that
before
the
change
of
his
nature
,
take
away
from
him
his
old
fauours
:
he
may
haue
obtained
so
many
new
,
that
his
authoritie
be
nothing
deminished
at
al
,
otherwise
when
he
is
discou●●ed
and
without
fréends
,
he
runnes
into
ruin
&
is
ouerthrown
.
IT
is
hurtfull
to
a
Common-weale
,
with
continuall
harmes
and
damages
,
to
holde
and
kéepe
the
mindes
of
the
Subiects
in
continuall
feare
and
suspence
:
for
that
those
men
that
begin
to
doubt
that
they
shall
incurre
any
euill
,
doo
in
any
case
assure
themselues
from
those
perrils
,
and
become
to
carry
lesse
respect
and
to
be
of
more
audacitie
to
attempt
newe
things
:
therfore
it
is
either
necessary
neuer
to
hurt
or
offend
any
person
,
or
to
vse
al
our
harmes
at
one
instant
,
and
afterwards
assure
those
men
,
and
giue
them
occasion
to
quiet
their
mindes
.
A
Common-weale
in
her
institutions
and
orders
ought
to
be
watchfull
that
the
Citizens
vnder
the
shadowe
of
good
,
doo
not
woorke
euill
:
and
that
they
carye
and
haue
that
reputation
,
which
may
helpe
and
not
harme
the
libertye
thereof
.
A
Prudent
man
ought
neuer
to
refuse
the
popular
iudgments
,
in
particular
things
about
the
distribution
of
degrées
and
dignities
,
for
that
in
this
onelye
the
people
do
not
deceiue
themselues
:
and
if
they
be
deceiued
,
it
is
rarely
:
but
those
that
be
fewe
in
number
,
which
haue
to
make
such
distributions
,
doo
much
more
deceiue
themselues
.
ALl
those
Contries
and
Prouinces
that
liue
in
libertie
▪
make
great
increase
,
and
procéed
much
more
forward
then
those
that
liue
in
slauery
and
bondage
.
For
that
in
a
free
state
is
found
greater
store
of
people
,
because
mariage
amongst
them
are
more
frée
and
more
desired
of
men
:
forsomuch
as
euery
one
dooth
willingly
beget
those
Children
,
which
they
think
them selues
able
to
nourish
:
not
douting
that
their
Patrimony
shall
be
taken
from
them
:
and
that
they
are
borne
free
and
not
slaues
,
and
that
they
may
by
means
of
their
vertue
and
valour
become
great
.
THose
which
determine
in
them selues
to
haue
a
Citie
of
great
empire
and
rule
:
ought
to
endeuour
them selues
with
all
industrie
,
to
replenish
the
same
with
inhabitants
:
the
which
thing
is
perfourmed
two
wayes
,
by
loue
and
by
force
.
By
loue
,
by
kéeping
the
way
open
and
secure
for
all
strangers
,
that
dispose
them selues
to
inhabite
therin
.
By
force
,
by
destroying
the
next
Cities
and
by
bringing
the
inhabitants
of
them
to
dwell
in
their
owne
Citie
.
A
Weake
and
small
Common
weale
cannot
inuade
and
occupy
neither
cities
nor
kingdomes
that
are
stronger
and
greater
then
it selfe
.
And
if
for
all
that
she
doo
inuade
and
possesse
the
same
:
it
chaunceth
vnto
her
,
the
same
that
dooth
vnto
that
Trée
which
hath
her
bowes
greater
then
the
body
of
the
Tree
,
so
that
sustaining
and
holding
vp
her
branches
with
great
toyle
and
trauaile
:
euery
small
wind
dooth
bend
the
same
.
TO
take
the
charge
and
care
to
gouern
a
Citie
with
violence
,
chéefely
those
which
are
accustomed
to
liue
free
:
is
a
difficile
and
troublesome
thing
,
and
if
we
be
not
mighty
in
armes
:
we
can
neither
rule
nor
commaund
the
same
.
THe
intent
of
him
that
makes
war
by
election
or
by
ambition
:
ought
to
be
,
to
obtaine
and
to
maintaine
the
thing
gotten
,
and
in
such
sorte
to
procéed
in
the
same
,
that
he
make
him selfe
rich
,
and
not
impouerish
the
Country●
and
his
owne
Common
weale
.
TO
obtaine
empire
and
not
force
:
agrée
well
together
,
and
he
that
obtaines
Empire
and
not
force
both
together
,
it
comes
of
necessitie
,
that
he
must
fall
in
ruine
.
And
he
cannot
obtaine
force
,
that
is
impouerished
by
warres
,
although
he
be
victorius
:
for
that
he
dooth
disbursse
more
then
he
receiues
in
by
the
gaine
therof
.
A
Prince
or
a
Common-weale
:
ought
first
to
take
euerye
other
resolution
,
then
to
haue
recourse
to
conduct
and
bring
into
his
state
for
his
defence
,
Forraine
succours
,
although
it
is
necessary
for
him
to
put
confidence
in
them
,
for
that
any
parte
,
or
any
conuention
that
he
makes
with
the
enemie
:
wil
be
lighter
vnto
him
,
them
any
such
resolution
.
AN
ambitious
Prince
or
Common-weale
,
can
haue
no
greater
occasion
to
inuade
any
Citie
or
Prouince
:
them
to
be
requested
to
send
his
army
to
the
defence
therof
.
THat
person
that
is
so
ambitious
,
that
not
onely
to
defend
himselfe
,
but
also
to
offend
others
:
calles
vnto
him
like
coadiutours
and
helpes
,
goes
about
to
obtaine
that
which
he
cannot
holde
,
and
that
the
same
which
already
he
hath
gotten
:
may
be
easily
taken
from
him
.
THose
Cities
which
are
vsed
to
liue
frée
,
or
accustomed
to
gouerne
themselues
by
their
Prouincialls
:
remaine
content
(
together
with
other
quiet
)
vnder
a
Dominione
which
they
see
not
,
rather
then
vnder
that
which
they
see
euery
day
:
Wherin
it
seemes
that
their
bondage
apéeres
alwayes
before
their
eyes
.
AMongst
all
those
States
that
are
full
of
infelicitie
and
infortunate
:
the
state
of
a
Prince
or
Common-weale
is
most
vnhappy
,
which
are
reduced
into
such
tearmes
,
that
they
can
neuer
receiue
peace
,
nor
sustaine
warres
.
Unto
which
tearmes
,
those
are
reduced
that
be
ouermuch
endamaged
with
the
conditions
of
the
peace
,
and
on
the
other
side
,
when
they
would
make
warres
:
it
behoues
them
either
to
make
themselues
a
pray
to
those
that
help
them
:
or
remaine
for
a
spoyle
to
the
enemie
.
THe
estate
of
a
gouernment
is
no
other
,
then
to
rule
thy
subiects
in
such
sorte
,
that
neither
they
can
,
or
by
reason
ought
to
hurt
or
offend
thée
.
This
is
doone
by
this
meanes
either
by
assuring
thy selfe
sufficiently
in
all
thinges
,
cutting
off
all
those
wayes
wherby
they
might
harme
thée
:
or
else
to
benefite
them
so
much
,
that
they
cannot
by
any
reason
be
more
to
desire
to
change
Fortune
.
WHen
we
are
to
Iudge
mightie
Cities
that
are
accustomed
to
liue
free
:
it
is
conuenient
either
to
extinguish
them
,
or
curteously
to
imbrace
them
,
otherwise
euery
iudgement
will
fall
out
to
be
vaine
,
and
we
must
altogether
shunne
the
meane
waye
,
for
that
it
is
pernitious
.
TO
vse
woordes
againste
the
Enemye
,
of
small
honour
:
spring
for
the
most
part
of
an
insolencie
that
giues
vnto
men
either
victorie
or
a
false
hope
of
victorie
.
The
which
false
hope
dooth
not
onely
cause
men
to
erre
in
woordes
,
but
also
in
déedes
,
for
that
this
hope
makes
a
man
to
passe
his
boundes
,
and
causeth
him
often
times
to
loose
the
occasion
he
hath
to
obtaine
an
assured
good
,
hoping
to
haue
a
better
which
is
vncertaine
.
PRinces
that
are
assayled
(
when
the
assaulte
is
made
by
men
that
are
more
mightie
then
they
)
can
commit
no
greater
errour
,
then
to
refuse
any
agréement
,
chéefely
when
it
is
offred
vnto
them
.
For
that
there
can
neuer
any
such
b●se
condition
be
offred
:
but
that
in
some
parte
of
the
same
there
is
contayned
,
the
benefite
and
good
béeing
of
him
that
doth
accept
the
same
:
and
therein
shall
be
parte
of
his
victorie
.
IF
a
greate
personage
be
greatly
offended
or
endamaged
,
with
the
publike
state
,
or
with
anye
priuate
person
,
and
hath
not
reuenged
him selfe
according
to
his
own
satisfaction
,
if
he
liue
in
a
Common-weale
:
he
dooth
goe
about
with
the
ruine
therof
to
reuenge
himselfe
.
If
he
liue
vnder
a
prince
,
and
haue
within
him
any
generositie
and
corage
:
he
neuer
dooth
quiet
him selfe
,
vntill
such
time
that
in
some
sorte
,
he
dooth
reuenge
him selfe
against
him
,
although
he
perceiue
his
owne
proper
damage
shoulde
fall
out
in
the
same
.
MEn
may
alwayes
followe
Fortune
,
but
neuer
oppose
them selues
against
Fortune
.
They
may
weaue
the
web
therof
,
but
not
breake
the
same
.
They
ought
neuer
to
abandon
Fortune
,
for
that
not
knowing
the
end
therof
:
and
besides
that
she
alwaies
goes
through
vnknowne
and
crooked
pathes
,
we
ought
alwaies
to
liue
in
hope
of
her
,
and
hoping
not
to
abandon
our selues
,
in
whatsoeuer
Fortune
or
in
whatsoeuer
trauaile
we
do
finde
our selues
.
AMongst
those
Signes
whereby
we
knowe
the
power
and
might
of
a
State
:
the
one
is
,
to
beholde
how
she
liues
with
her
neighbours
.
For
that
when
she
gouernes
her selfe
in
such
sort
,
that
her
neighbours
to
haue
her
their
fréende
doo
make
them selues
her
Pencionares
,
then
is
it
a
certaine
signe
that
,
that
State
is
mightie
.
But
when
the
saide
Neighboures
(
although
inferiour
vnto
her
)
drawe
money
of
her
:
then
it
is
a
greate
signe
of
her
weaknes
.
IF
thou
be
a
Mal-content
againste
any
Prince
:
measure
and
ballance
thy
forces
,
and
if
thou
be
so
mightye
,
that
thou
art
able
to
discouer
thy selfe
to
be
his
Enemie
,
and
to
make
warres
against
him
openly
:
enter
into
this
path
,
as
least
perilous
and
most
honourable
:
but
if
thy
forces
be
not
sufficient
,
indeuour
thy self
with
all
industrie
,
to
make
him
thy
fréend
,
and
enter
into
the
path
that
thou
doost
iudge
to
be
necessarie
,
following
his
pleasures
,
and
making
showe
that
those
thinges
please
thée
,
which
thou
seeest
delightes
him
:
for
that
this
domesticke
familiaritie
makes
to
liue
secure
,
and
without
feare
of
any
perrill
make
thee
to
enioye
and
be
pertaker
of
his
good
fortune
,
and
bringes
vnto
thée
all
good
meanes
and
commodities
for
thée
to
satisfie
thy
minde
.
WE
ought
not
to
remaine
so
néere
vnto
Princes
,
that
their
ruine
ouerwhelme
vs
:
neither
so
farre
distant
off
,
that
being
ouerthrowne
,
we
maye
be
able
to
ariue
in
time
to
leape
vpon
the
ruine
.
THose
Princes
begin
then
to
loose
their
state
,
when
they
begin
to
breake
the
Lawes
,
the
maners
,
and
those
customes
that
be
of
antiquitie
:
and
vnder
the
which
men
haue
liued
a
long
time
,
for
that
these
doo
want
commodity
:
those
doo
abandon
them
,
and
their
willes
and
desires
is
alike
,
for
that
the
desire
of
dominion
,
is
as
great
or
greater
then
is
the
desire
of
reuenge
.
THe
greatest
enemy
that
a
Prince
hath
,
is
conspiracy
,
for
that
whensoeuer
it
is
made
,
either
it
dooth
destroy
him
or
defame
him
.
If
they
take
effect
:
he
dyes
,
if
they
be
discouered
,
and
that
he
dooth
kill
the
conspiratours
:
it
will
alwaies
be
thought
to
haue
béen
the
inuention
of
the
prince
,
to
satisfie
his
couetous
desire
,
or
to
asswage
his
crueltie
in
the
blood
and
goods
of
them
which
he
hath
executed
and
put
to
death
.
WHen
a
Prince
dooth
discouer
any
conspiracye
,
let
him
vse
all
endeuours
to
vnderstand
the
qualitie
thereof
:
and
to
measure
well
the
condition
and
nature
of
the
conspiratour
,
and
of
his
owne
:
and
when
he
dooth
finde
them
great
and
mightye
,
let
him
not
discouer
them
,
if
firste
he
be
not
prepared
with
sufficient
forces
to
oppresse
them
.
For
if
he
doo
otherwise
,
he
discouers
his
owne
ruine
.
MEn
for
the
most
parte
in
their
procéedings
,
and
much
more
in
their
actions
of
importance
,
ought
to
consider
and
to
accommodate
themselues
to
the
time
.
And
those
which
by
making
naughty
elections
,
or
by
natural
inclinations
disagree
from
the
time
:
liue
for
the
most
parte
vnfortunately
,
and
their
operations
haue
a
naughty
end
.
A
Man
may
begin
with
his
practises
&
with
his
naughty
orders
to
corrupt
the
people
of
any
Cittie
,
but
it
is
an
impossible
thing
that
the
life
of
one
alone
should
be
sufficient
to
corrupt
it
in
such
sorte
,
that
he
himselfe
may
be
able
to
reape
fruite
thereof
:
and
although
he
did
performe
it
through
the
long
progresse
and
drawing
out
of
time
,
yet
it
is
impossible
in
respect
of
the
proceeding
of
men
that
are
impatient
,
and
cannot
long
deferre
their
passions
.
HE
that
will
take
vpon
him
authoritie
in
a
Common-weale
,
and
to
plant
therein
naughty
orders
:
it
is
requisite
that
he
finde
the
substance
and
matter
therof
disordered
by
time
,
and
that
by
little
and
little
,
and
that
from
generations
to
generations
,
it
be
brought
into
disorder
:
the
which
of
necessitie
falles
out
to
be
brought
so
,
when
she
is
not
oftentimes
refreshed
and
supplyed
with
good
examples
,
or
with
newe
lawes
drawing
towardes
her
firste
principles
.
THe
Citizens
which
in
a
Common-weale
make
any
enterprise
in
fauour
of
libertye
,
or
in
fauour
of
tirannie
:
ought
to
consider
the
subiect
they
haue
,
and
therby
to
iudge
the
difficultie
of
their
enterprise
,
for
it
is
as
hard
and
as
perrillous
to
make
frée
any
people
that
would
liue
in
seruitude
,
as
it
is
to
make
a
people
bound
that
would
liue
frée
.
THe
cause
of
the
good
or
of
the
euill
fortune
of
a
man
,
is
in
his
order
of
proceding
to
match
and
light
right
with
Time
.
For
that
it
appeares
that
men
in
their
actions
and
déedes
procéed
,
some
with
extremitie
,
some
with
respectes
,
and
some
with
cautions
:
and
for
that
in
the
one
and
the
other
order
they
passe
their
conuenient
tearmes
,
not
being
able
to
obserue
the
true
way
:
they
erre
in
the
one
and
the
other
,
but
he
doth
commit
least
errour
,
and
hath
most
prosperous
fortune
,
that
dooth
encounter
and
match
the
time
with
his
order
of
procéeding
.
A
Prince
that
hath
an
army
together
,
and
dooth
perceiue
that
through
the
want
of
money
or
fréends
,
he
cannot
long
hold
the
same
together
:
is
of
small
discretion
if
he
doo
not
attempt
and
make
triall
of
fortune
before
the
armie
be
dissolued
,
for
if
he
tarry
and
exspect
:
he
is
sure
to
lose
,
but
if
he
attempt
the
same
:
he
may
ouercome
,
and
if
he
lose
,
yet
he
dooth
obtaine
glory
:
for
more
glorie
it
is
to
be
ouercome
by
force
,
then
by
any
other
inconuenience
,
which
may
cause
thée
to
loose
.
HE
that
desires
to
haue
a
Cittie
to
defend
it selfe
obstinately
,
or
that
would
haue
an
armie
in
the
féeldes
obstinately
and
resolutely
fight
:
he
ought
aboue
all
things
to
indeuour
himself
to
print
in
the
mindes
of
those
that
must
●ight
,
necessitie
.
A
Wise
Generall
that
goes
about
to
winne
&
expugne
any
Cittie
,
he
ought
to
measure
the
facilitie
and
difficultie
that
he
shall
haue
to
winne
the
same
,
by
knowing
and
considering
what
necessitie
dooth
constraine
the
inhabitours
thereof
to
defend
themselues
:
and
when
he
findes
sufficient
necessitie
that
constraines
them
to
defend
themselues
:
let
him
iudge
the
expugnation
for
difficile
,
otherwise
:
let
him
holde
it
for
most
easie
.
TOwnes
and
Citties
after
their
rebellion
,
are
more
difficile
to
be
obtained
,
then
they
are
at
their
firste
winning
:
for
that
in
their
beginning
hauing
no
occasion
to
feare
any
punishment
,
for
that
they
haue
made
no
offence
,
they
doo
easily
yeeld
themselues
:
but
after
rebellion
,
they
iudging
themselues
to
haue
offended
,
and
therfore
fearing
punishment
,
are
most
difficile
to
be
expugned
.
ORders
are
not
so
much
necessarie
for
an
armie
to
be
able
to
fight
in
due
order
,
as
they
be
:
for
that
euerye
small
accident
,
should
not
disorder
them
,
for
the
populare
multitude
,
are
not
vnprofitable
in
warres
for
any
other
cause
:
but
for
that
euery
rumour
,
euery
woord
and
sound
,
and
euerye
noyse
dooth
amaze
them
and
makes
them
to
flye
.
A
Wise
Generall
,
amongst
other
things
,
ought
to
appoint
which
those
be
which
must
receiue
his
woordes
and
carrie
them
to
others
:
accustome
his
Souldiers
that
they
beléeue
none
,
but
only
those
Chéeftains
and
officers
,
that
speake
or
appoint
nothing
but
that
which
is
commaunded
by
him
:
for
that
if
this
parte
be
not
well
obserued
,
it
is
oftentimes
séene
,
that
disorders
of
great
importance
hath
followed
.
EUery
wise
Generall
ought
to
indeuour
himselfe
to
cause
some
newe
thing
to
appeare
whilste
the
Armies
are
in
fighting
,
to
the
intent
he
therby
may
giue
aid
to
his
owne
,
and
take
the
same
away
from
his
enemie
:
the
which
accident
maye
be
verye
effectuall
to
giue
him
the
victorie
.
And
besides
these
aduertisements
,
he
ought
to
doo
two
things
,
the
one
to
make
proofe
with
newe
inuentions
to
amase
the
enemye
,
the
other
to
stand
prepared
,
that
if
the
same
be
practised
of
the
enemye
against
him
,
he
both
maye
be
able
and
knowe
how
to
discouer
and
make
frustrate
the
same
.
IT
is
much
better
to
send
into
an
expedition
,
a
man
alone
that
is
of
ordinary
prudence
,
then
two
woorthy
personages
together
,
with
the
very
same
authoritie
.
HE
that
commaunds
ouer
subiects
,
to
the
intent
they
may
not
become
insolent
,
and
that
through
thy
ouer-great
felicitie
,
doo
spurne
at
thée
:
thou
ought
rather
to
applye
thy selfe
to
punishe
then
to
execute
:
but
neuerthelesse
with
such
moderation
,
that
thou
maist
shunne
that
hate
which
euery
Prince
ought
to
keep
him
from
.
SOmetimes
an
act
that
is
replenished
and
full
of
charitie
,
dooth
woorke
greater
effect
in
the
minde
of
a
man
,
then
one
that
is
cruell
and
violent
.
And
it
comes
oftentimes
to
passe
,
that
,
that
Prouince
and
that
Cittie
,
that
the
weapons
,
the
warlicke
instruements
and
euery
other
force
hath
not
béene
able
to
open
,
one
example
of
humanitie
or
of
pietie
,
of
chastitie
,
or
of
such
other
vertues
,
hath
been
able
not
onely
to
open
,
but
also
to
make
subiect
.
HE
that
desires
ouermuch
to
be
beloued
:
euerye
small
step
wherby
he
stra●es
out
of
the
true
way
,
makes
him
despised
,
and
he
that
desires
ouermuch
to
be
respected
and
feared
,
euerye
lea●t
parte
wherein
he
excéedes
the
meane
,
makes
him
odious
:
and
to
kéepe
the
meane
and
middle
way
,
cannot
be
iu●tly
perfourmed
,
for
that
our
nature
doth
not
consent
vnto
it
:
wherfore
it
is
necessarie
to
mitigate
both
the
one
and
the
other
with
an
excessiue
vertue
.
WHosoeuer
desires
to
be
obeyed
,
it
is
necessarie
he
know
how
to
commaund
,
and
those
know
how
to
commaund
,
that
make
comparison
of
their
own
qualities
,
with
that
of
those
ouer
whome
they
are
to
commaund
:
but
when
they
perceiue
they
are
out
of
proportion
and
frame
they
ab●taine
:
and
if
they
commaund
ouer-hard
and
violent
thinges
,
it
is
conuenient
with
violence
and
hardines
to
cause
them
to
be
obserued
,
otherwise
he
shall
finde
himselfe
deceiued
.
TO
keepe
a
Common-weale
with
violence
,
it
is
conuenient
that
there
be
a
proportion
of
him
that
forceth
the
same
,
with
that
which
is
forced
:
and
sometimes
there
is
such
a
maner
of
proportion
,
that
it
may
be
thought
,
that
,
that
violence
may
endure
,
but
when
he
that
is
forced
is
stronger
then
he
that
forceth
him
:
it
is
to
be
doubted
that
this
violence
will
cease
euerye
day
.
TO
commaund
ouer
strong
thinges
,
it
is
conuenient
to
be
strong
,
and
he
that
is
of
this
force
,
and
that
dooth
commaund
them
,
cannot
afterwards
with
gentlenes
and
curtesie
,
cause
the
same
to
be
obserued
,
but
he
that
is
not
of
this
fortitude
of
minde
,
ought
to
kéep
himselfe
from
extraordinary
rule
and
commaundings
:
and
in
those
that
be
ordinary
may
vse
his
humanitie
:
for
that
ordinarye
punishments
,
are
not
imputed
to
the
prince
,
but
to
the
lawes
and
to
the
other
institutions
of
the
Citie
.
IF
we
desire
that
an
armie
shall
ouercome
any
battaile
:
it
is
necessary
to
make
it
enter
into
such
an
opinion
of
assurance
:
that
they
may
beléeue
that
in
any
case
they
shall
ouercome
.
And
to
make
them
assured
,
it
is
necessarye
to
arme
them
and
to
make
them
cunning
in
military
orders
,
and
woorke
so
that
they
may
haue
perfect
knowledge
and
counter-sig●es
one
of
an
other
.
And
this
assurance
and
order
cannot
arise
,
but
amongste
those
Souldiers
,
that
are
borne
and
haue
liued
together
.
It
is
conuenient
also
,
that
the
Captaine
Generall
be
estéemed
of
qualitie
,
that
they
trust
in
his
prudence
:
and
they
will
alwayes
trust
in
him
,
when
they
see
him
order
things
well
,
to
be
carefull
,
bolde
,
and
that
doth
hold
wel
and
with
great
reputation
,
the
maiestie
of
his
degree
:
the
which
he
shall
always
maintaine
,
when
he
dooth
punish
them
of
their
errours
,
and
dooth
not
toyle
or
trauaile
them
in
vaine
:
and
that
he
obserue
vnto
them
his
promise
,
and
showe
them
,
that
the
waye
to
ouer
come
is
very
easie
:
and
to
kéepe
secrets
hid
,
and
make
mery
in
such
maner
as
may
show
that
the
perrills
are
remoued
.
The
which
thinge
being
well
obserued
:
they
are
a
great
occasion
that
the
armye
should
enter
into
an
opinion
of
assurance
,
and
beeing
assured
:
to
obtain
the
victorie
.
EUery
Prince
that
makes
warres
,
ought
to
take
honour
for
his
beginning
:
and
profit
for
his
finall
end
.
Neither
that
can
be
reputed
a
profitable
warre
:
which
dooth
obtain
State
or
money
.
I
haue
made
mention
of
honour
and
profite
.
For
that
although
ma●y
times
honour
mooues
Princes
to
make
warres
:
yet
for
al
that
,
for
the
most
parte
,
his
state
is
gayned
,
that
against
reason
hath
showed
him selfe
thy
Enemye
.
And
that
warre
wherein
there
is
as
muche
sp●nt
as
there
is
gotten
therein
:
is
a
damageable
warre
.
HE
that
determines
to
obtaine
the
degrée
of
a
Magistrate
,
let
him
dispose
himselfe
to
supporte
the
hate
and
euill
will
of
many
,
and
let
him
neuer
imagine
to
become
angrye
with
any
one
,
for
any
thing
that
shall
chaunce
vniustly
against
him
:
euen
of
those
that
he
hath
holden
for
most
freendlye
,
neither
let
him
leaue
of
so
lightlye
,
by
reason
of
the
first
denialls
and
withstandings
that
are
made
him
,
his
hopes
are
muche
lesse
his
owne
defences
:
for
that
he
that
doth
su●●ain
certain
vehement
assaults
,
and
chéefly
the
first
,
the
which
are
accustomed
to
be
made
,
neither
suffers
himself
to
fal
into
manifest
ouerthrow
,
either
through
wrath
or
ouer
much
haste
:
maye
hope
to
finde
many
good
occasions
to
fauour
his
election
.
TO
be
olde
,
giues
great
helpe
to
him
that
desires
honours
,
for
that
olde
age
dooth
carry
with
it
ordinarily
hope
of
short
life
,
yet
it
is
true
,
that
olde
age
is
not
sufficient
,
but
it
is
necessarie
withall
to
haue
other
qualities
,
and
the
first
is
bounty
:
forsomuch
as
men
are
neuer
so
wicked
,
nor
by
admiration
so
vnciuill
,
that
they
can
altogither
suppresse
the
desire
of
good
things
,
that
nature
hath
giuen
to
euerye
one
,
wherupon
it
dooth
arise
,
that
the
good
be
honored
euen
of
the
wicked
.
THose
thinges
by
the
which
men
are
moued
to
fauour
any
one
,
to
obtaine
the
degree
of
a
Magistrate
,
it
is
necessarie
that
they
be
encreased
in
all
their
operations
,
or
at
least-wise
not
deminished
from
the
fauourite
:
and
let
him
beléeue
that
continually
the
eyes
of
euery
one
is
vpon
him
,
&
that
he
is
to
make
iudgement
of
euery
little
thing
,
of
his
will
and
desire
.
Forsomuch
as
the
selfe
sam●
freends
,
will
faile
him
in
affection
,
when
they
discouer
the
contrary
of
that
which
they
haue
imagined
of
him
.
THe
people
when
they
beginne
to
giue
anye
degrée
to
anye
Citizen
,
grounding
them selues
vpon
the
fame
,
vpon
opinion
and
vpon
his
workes
:
make
no
euill
foundation
.
But
when
afterwards
the
sundrye
examples
,
and
his
many
good
déedes
makes
him
better
knowne
:
they
ground
it
better
,
for
in
such
case
they
are
neuer
deceiued
.
THe
People
in
the
election
of
maiestrates
,
iudge
according
to
those
countersignes
,
that
men
do
holde
for
mos●e
true
:
and
when
they
may
be
counsailed
as
Princes
are
,
they
erre
lesse
then
Princes
doo
.
And
that
Citizen
whic●
will
beginne
to
get
the
fauour
of
the
people
:
ought
to
gaine
the
same
with
some
notable
fact
.
THose
that
giue
counsell
to
a
Common-weale
or
vnto
a
Prince
:
are
set
amongst
these
straites
,
that
if
they
giue
no
counsaile
to
those
thinges
that
vnto
them
appéere
profitable
,
either
for
the
Citie
or
for
the
Prince
,
without
hauing
any
respect
:
they
faile
in
their
dutie
If
they
giue
counsaile
:
they
enter
into
perrill
of
their
life
and
of
their
state
,
all
men
béeing
blinde
in
this
case
,
to
iudge
the
good
and
the
naughtie
counsailes
by
the
end
.
TO
shunne
or
flie
either
infamie
or
perrils
,
by
counsaile
I
sée
no
other
waye
then
to
take
the
thinges
moderatelye
,
and
not
to
take
any
by
enterprise
:
telling
his
opinion
without
passion
,
and
without
passion
defend
the
same
with
modestie
,
in
such
sorte
that
the
Citie
that
is
counsailed
or
the
Prince
doo
followe
the
same
:
that
he
may
followe
it
willingly
,
and
that
it
séeme
not
that
he
be
drawne
therunto
by
the
importunitie
of
him
that
giues
the
counsaile
.
IT
seemes
that
there
is
found
in
humaine
actiones
,
in
going
about
to
bring
things
to
their
perfection
:
alwaies
néere
vnto
the
good
,
there
is
adioyned
some
euill
,
the
which
(
together
with
the
same
goodnes
)
dooth
easily
spring
,
that
it
séems
vnpossible
that
we
can
want
the
one
,
if
we
desire
the
other
.
A
Wise
Generall
,
when
he
comes
to
encounter
with
a
new
enemy
that
is
of
reputacion
:
is
constraned
before
he
giue
battaile
,
to
make
his
souldiours
proue
the
enemy
with
light
encounters
and
Skirmishes
,
to
the
intent
that
beginning
to
manage
and
to
knowe
them
,
they
maye
loose
that
terrour
which
fame
and
reputation
had
giuen
them
.
ALthough
to
vse
fraude
in
any
action
,
is
detestable
:
neu●●thelesse
in
the
managing
of
warres
,
it
is
a
laudable
and
glorious
thing
:
and
he
is
aswell
commended
that
ouercomes
the
enemy
by
fraude
,
as
he
that
dooth
ouercome
him
by
force
.
WHen
determinations
is
altogither
to
be
made
touching
the
safetie
of
our
Countrie
,
we
ought
not
to
fall
into
any
consideration
either
of
iust
or
vniust
,
of
pitifull
,
or
cruell
:
of
laudable
,
and
●gnomie
:
but
hauing
set
aside
euery
other
respect
we
ought
to
follow
altogither
that
resolution
,
which
dooth
maintaine
our
liues
in
safetie
,
and
our
Countrye
in
libertye
.
HE
that
would
sée
what
shall
fall
out
,
let
him
consider
what
hath
beene
:
for
that
all
things
in
this
worlde
,
in
all
ages
,
haue
the
same
euents
they
had
in
auntient
time
.
WHen
a
Prince
desires
to
obtaine
a
thing
of
any
other
:
let
him
not
giue
him
space
to
d●li●●rate
vpon
the
same
(
if
occasion
doo
suffer
it
)
and
woorke
in
such
sorte
that
he
may
see
the
necessitie
of
the
speedie
deliberation
:
the
which
is
when
he
that
is
demaunded
,
dooth
sée
that
by
denying
or
by
differring
doth
arise
a
perilous
and
suddain
indignation
.
A
General
ought
neuer
to
giue
credit
to
any
errour
that
is
euidentlye
made
by
the
enemie
:
for
alwaies
vnder
the
same
there
is
some
fraude
,
since
it
cannot
stand
with
reason
that
men
should
be
so
vnwarie
.
THere
is
nothing
more
difficile
to
be
handled
,
neither
more
doubtfull
to
come
to
passe
,
neither
more
perillous
to
be
managed
,
then
to
make
our selues
chée●e
to
bring
in
newe
orders
:
for
that
he
which
is
the
bringer
in
of
them
,
hath
vnto
his
enemies
all
those
which
haue
sped
well
vnder
the
olde
orders
,
he
hath
for
meane
and
moderate
de●enders
,
all
those
that
by
the
new
orders
shall
spéede
well
:
the
which
medeocritie
dooth
spring
partely
for
feare
of
the
aduersaries
that
haue
the
lawes
to
benefite
●hem
:
part●ly
through
the
incrudelitie
of
men
,
which
doo
not
giue
place
to
any
new
thing
,
vnlesse
they
doo
see
firme
experience
.
HE
that
dooth
beléeue
that
newe
denefites
dooth
make
great
personages
forget
olde
iniuries
,
is
deceiued
:
and
iniuries
ought
to
be
made
altogither
,
to
the
intent
that
ta●●ing
lesse
,
they
may
offend
lesse
:
but
benefits
ought
to
be
made
by
little
and
little
,
to
the
intent
they
may
sm●ll
better
.
A
Prince
ought
to
haue
no
other
obiect
,
nor
any
other
thought
,
neither
take
any
other
thing
for
his
art
,
then
warres
,
orders
,
and
lawes
,
and
the
discipline
of
them
:
for
that
is
the
only
art
that
is
to
be
required
of
him
that
commaundes
,
and
is
of
such
great
vertue
,
that
it
dooth
not
onlye
maintaine
those
that
are
borne
Princes
,
but
oftentimes
,
makes
men
of
priuate
fortune
to
arise
vnto
that
degrée
.
IT
is
apparently
séene
,
that
when
we
make
any
resolution
,
either
with
ouer
great
haste
,
or
with
ouer
great
affection
,
it
dooth
euer
fall
out
to
be
euill
:
forsomuch
as
the
one
giues
vs
no
time
to
finde
out
those
thinges
,
that
ought
to
be
had
inconsideration
,
before
conclusion
b●
made
:
the
other
,
do●th
occupye
our
mindes
in
such
sorte
,
that
it
dooth
not
suffer
vs
to
knowe
any
other
,
saue
onlye
those
which
dooth
touch
vs
at
that
instant
.
ONe
pleasure
or
displeasure
,
doth
moue
vs
more
which
is
doone
in
our
present
action
,
then
those
great
benefites
that
haue
béene
doone
in
times
past
:
so
for
the
most
parte
the
sence
of
thinges
present
,
dooth
woor●e
more
in
men
,
then
the
memory
of
things
past
,
or
the
prouidence
of
things
that
are
to
come
.
IT
is
an
easie
thing
to
know
the
euill
satisfaction
of
the
minde
of
euerye
one
:
for
that
euerye
one
dooth
recount
willingly
the
merits
or
demerits
of
their
fréends
,
and
that
which
our
aduersaries
can
doo
,
or
cannot
doo
:
so
that
we
will
haue
patience
to
giue
eare
,
the
which
patience
is
the
foundation
for
vs
to
doo
euery
thing
well
.
And
he
that
hath
greater
desire
to
speake
then
to
giue
eare
:
dooth
instruct
much
more
then
he
dooth
learne
.
WHen
any
thing
will
not
take
effect
,
it
is
necessarie
to
consider
whither
that
did
arise
of
their
owne
disorder
,
or
of
the
enemies
abilitie
or
power
,
if
they
spring
of
disorders
,
that
may
be
amended
,
we
ought
to
doo
it
:
if
for
that
the
enemy
proceedes
in
good
order
,
it
is
requisite
we
should
change
opinon
,
and
doo
that
which
is
least
euill
:
the
which
will
come
to
passe
,
when
there
dooth
aduaunce
any
small
time
in
the
consideration
of
our
owne
State
,
and
if
that
he
will
discend
to
reasonable
and
iust
compositions
and
partes
.
AMongst
the
manye
occasions
of
euill
,
that
being
disarmed
dooth
bring
vnto
a
Prince
:
one
is
,
that
it
causeth
him
to
be
dispised
:
for
of
one
that
is
armed
,
in
respect
of
one
that
is
disarmed
,
there
is
no
proportion
:
and
reason
dooth
not
require
that
he
which
is
armed
,
should
willinglye
obey
to
him
that
is
disarmed
,
and
that
the
disarmed
should
remaine
secure
amongst
armed
seruitours
,
for
that
whilst
in
the
one
there
remaineth
disdain
,
and
in
the
other
suspect
:
it
is
not
possible
that
they
should
agrée
and
match
well
together
.
A
Prince
which
hath
no
vnderstanding
in
Warrefare
besides
his
infelicitie
,
he
can
neither
be
estéemed
of
his
Souldiers
,
neither
put
any
confidence
in
them
:
he
therefore
ought
to
exercise
himselfe
more
in
the
time
of
peace
,
then
in
the
time
of
warre
,
two
waies
:
The
one
in
action
,
the
other
with
his
minde
:
in
action
,
by
kéeping
his
people
w●ll
ordered
and
well
exercised
,
alwaies
to
vse
himselfe
to
the
chase
,
and
by
the
means
therof
,
to
accustome
his
bodye
to
trauailes
and
discommodities
,
and
in
parte
to
learn
the
nature
of
the
scituations
.
With
his
minde
to
read
the
histories
,
and
in
them
to
consider
the
excellent
acts
of
men
,
to
beholde
how
they
did
gouerne
themselues
in
warre
,
examine
the
occasion
of
the
victorie
,
and
of
the
losse
thereof
:
to
the
intent
that
the
one
maye
be
shunned
and
auoyded
,
and
the
other
imitated
:
and
aboue
all
thinges
,
to
imitate
those
that
before
him
were
glorious
and
of
woorthye
praise
.
HE
that
dooth
leaue
off
that
which
he
dooth
,
for
that
which
he
ought
to
doo
,
dooth
rather
learne
his
ruine
,
then
his
preseruation
,
for
a
man
that
in
all
respectes
will
performe
the
profession
of
a
good
man
,
it
falles
out
of
necessitie
,
that
he
be
ruinated
amongst
so
many
good
men
.
THat
Prince
that
cannot
vse
liberalitie
without
his
damage
,
in
such
sort
that
it
come
to
knowledge
:
he
ought
if
he
be
prudent
,
not
to
care
for
the
name
of
miserable
,
for
that
in
time
he
shall
be
alwaies
accounted
more
liberall
,
perceiuing
that
by
his
spare
,
his
reuenewe
shall
be
so
sufficient
,
that
he
maye
be
able
to
defend
himselfe
,
against
any
that
makes
him
warres
,
that
he
may
take
enterprises
in
hand
without
oppressing
the
people
:
whereupon
it
will
come
to
passe
,
that
he
shall
vse
libertye
to
all
those
from
whome
he
takes
nothing
,
which
are
infinite
:
and
be
miserable
to
all
those
to
whom
he
giues
nothing
,
which
are
fewe
.
NOthing
doth
more
consume
it selfe
then
liberality
,
the
which
whilste
thou
doost
vse
it
,
thou
losest
the
meanes
to
vse
it
,
and
thou
shalt
become
either
poore
,
either
vile
,
or
else
to
shunne
pouerty
:
rauenous
or
odious
.
IT
is
greater
wisdome
to
kéepe
the
name
of
miserable
,
then
to
bring
foorth
an
infamie
without
hate
,
for
to
desire
the
name
of
liberall
,
is
to
incurre
of
necessitie
the
name
of
rauenous
,
which
brings
infamie
ioyned
with
hate
.
A
Prince
ought
not
to
take
care
to
be
accounted
cruel
,
so
that
he
may
maintaine
his
subiects
in
fidelitie
and
concord
:
for
that
with
a
fewe
examples
he
is
more
pitifull
then
those
that
through
ouermuch
pittie
,
suffer
disorder
to
ensue
:
whereby
spring
vp
rapines
and
slaughters
:
for
that
these
are
accustomed
to
endamage
the
vniuersall
state
,
and
those
executions
which
procéede
from
the
Prince
,
doo
hurt
but
one
perticuler
person
,
and
it
is
altogither
impossible
for
a
newe
Prince
to
auoide
the
name
of
cruell
,
for
newe
states
are
full
of
perrilles
.
A
Prince
ought
to
be
slowe
in
beleeuing
,
and
slowe
to
be
displeased
,
neither
ought
he
to
make
a
terrour
of
him selfe
,
but
to
proc●ede
in
such
a
temperate
sorte
with
prudence
and
humanitie
,
that
his
ouer
great
confidence
do
not
make
him
vnwarie
,
and
his
ouer
great
distrust
doo
not
bring
him
to
be
intollerable
.
MEn
haue
lesse
respect
to
offend
one
that
makes
himselfe
to
be
beloued
,
then
one
that
makes
himself
to
be
feared
and
redoubted
:
for
that
loue
is
holden
with
a
bond
or
obligation
,
the
which
for
that
men
be
wicked
,
fall
out
to
be
broken
:
as
euery
occasion
of
our
own
proper
profit
,
but
feare
is
maintained
with
the
terrour
of
punishment
,
which
neuer
dooth
abandon
it
.
WHen
the
Prince
is
abroade
with
an
armie
,
and
hath
in
gouernment
a
multitude
of
Souldiours
,
he
ought
not
to
care
to
be
named
cruell
,
for
that
without
this
name
an
Armie
is
not
holden
together
vnited
,
neither
apt
for
any
faction
.
MEn
doo
vniuersallye
iudge
more
by
their
eye
then
by
their
hand
,
for
that
it
falles
out
to
be
euery
ones
lot
to
see
,
but
to
fewe
to
touch
,
euerye
one
dooth
see
what
thou
seemes
to
be
,
fewe
doo
feele
what
thou
art
:
and
those
fewe
dare
not
oppose
themselues
against
the
opinion
of
many
or
which
haue
the
maiestie
of
the
state
to
defend
them
,
and
in
the
actions
of
all
men
,
and
chéefly
of
Princes
,
where
there
is
no
iudgement
vnto
which
they
may
appeale
,
beware
of
the
end
.
PRinces
béeing
forced
of
necessitie
to
know
how
to
manage
beasts
:
ought
amongst
them
to
make
choise
of
the
Fox
and
the
Lyon
:
in
respect
that
the
Lyon
dooth
not
defend
him selfe
from
snares
:
nor
the
Fox
dooth
not
defende
him-selfe
from
wolfes
.
Therfore
it
is
necessary
to
be
a
Fox
,
to
know
how
to
discypher
snares
:
and
a
Lyon
,
to
make
the
wolfes
affraide
.
A
Newe
Prince
,
cannot
obserue
all
those
thinges
by
the
which
men
are
accounted
good
:
béeing
often
times
driuen
to
necessities
,
to
maintain
his
state
,
to
wincke
against
his
promised
faith
,
against
charitie
,
against
humanitie
and
against
such
like
vertues
.
And
therefore
it
is
necessary
he
haue
a
mind
ready
to
turn
it selfe
,
according
as
the
windes
and
the
varying
of
Fortune
dooth
commaund
:
but
he
ought
not
to
departe
from
that
which
is
good
(
if
he
be
able
)
but
to
knowe
how
to
enter
into
that
which
is
euill
,
when
he
is
enforced
.
A
Prince
ought
euer
to
endeuour
him-selfe
how
to
liue
and
to
maintaine
his
State
,
and
the
meane
is
euer
iudged
honorable
and
commendable
of
all
men
.
For
that
the
common
Uulgar
people
are
taken
with
that
which
appeeres
,
and
with
the
euent
of
thinges
.
And
in
the
Worlde
there
be
none
but
such
as
be
Uulgar
:
And
those
that
be
fewe
haue
place
,
when
those
that
are
many
haue
no
where
to
settle
them selues
.
A
Prince
ought
to
possesse
two
feares
,
one
at
home
in
respect
of
his
Subiectes
:
the
other
abroade
,
in
respect
of
forraine
Potentates
.
From
these
he
may
defende
himselfe
with
good
weapons
and
w●●h
good
Fréendes
,
and
alwayes
if
he
haue
good
weapons
:
he
shall
haue
good
Fréendes
.
And
continually
the
state
of
thinges
will
remaine
firme
at
home
:
when
those
rest
firme
that
are
abroade
.
A
Prince
ought
not
to
make
estimation
of
conspiracies
,
when
the
people
is
beneuolent
,
but
when
they
be
his
enemies
and
hate
him
,
he
ought
to
be
afraide
of
euerye
thing
and
of
euerye
one
,
how
simple
soeuer
he
be
,
for
there
is
no
man
of
such
pouertie
,
that
he
wants
a
knife
.
A
Prince
that
would
maintaine
his
state
,
is
constrained
oftentimes
not
to
be
good
,
for
that
when
the
people
,
the
Souldiours
,
or
other
great
Personages
,
be
corrupted
,
of
whome
in
his
iudgement
he
hath
néede
to
maintain
himselfe
:
it
is
requisite
that
he
follow
their
humours
and
that
he
satisfie
them
:
and
then
his
good
woorkes
,
are
his
enemies
.
WHen
occasion
dooth
present
her self
vnto
thée
,
of
any
thing
thou
doost
desire
,
take
holde
of
her
without
loosing
time
:
for
that
the
affaires
of
this
world
doo
so
soone
varie
and
change
,
that
we
cannot
assure
our selues
to
haue
any
thing
,
vntil
such
time
as
we
haue
it
in
our
hands
,
who
when
therfore
any
thing
is
propounded
and
offered
vnto
thée
that
dooth
displease
thée
,
deferre
it
so
long
as
thou
art
able
,
for
that
it
is
often
seene
,
that
time
brings
foorth
accidents
,
that
will
carrie
thée
out
of
those
difficulties
.
WHen
a
Prince
is
more
afraide
of
his
owne
subiectes
then
of
forraine
forces
,
let
him
make
fortifications
:
but
he
that
is
more
afraide
of
forraine
nations
then
of
his
owne
people
,
let
him
cast
those
at
his
backe
,
but
to
the
intent
he
need
not
to
be
in
doubt
,
but
rather
to
make
himselfe
esteemed
:
nothing
is
better
then
to
take
in
hand
great
enterprises
,
and
giue
knowledge
to
the
world
of
his
notable
examples
.
WE
neuer
goe
about
to
shunne
one
inconuenience
,
but
that
we
incurre
another
,
but
prudence
dooth
consist
in
knowing
how
to
discearn
the
qualitie
of
the
inconueniences
,
and
not
in
taking
a
naugty
course
for
a
good
.
THe
Prince
ought
alwaies
to
receiue
counsell
when
he
will
,
and
not
when
others
will
:
but
when
he
is
not
wise
of
him selfe
:
he
cannot
receiue
good
connsell
,
if
he
do
not
remit
whole
to
the
chance
of
one
alone
(
which
may
gouerne
all
)
and
such
a
one
as
were
a
wise
and
prudent
man
.
But
good
counsells
from
whome
soeuer
they
come
,
it
is
requisite
that
they
arise
through
the
prudence
of
the
Prince
,
and
not
the
prudence
of
the
Prince
to
arise
of
good
counsell
.
HE
that
will
negotiate
,
ought
not
to
suffer
him selfe
to
be
taken
out
of
possession
:
for
that
of
one
thing
dooth
arise
anotherthing
,
as-well
by
the
accesse
that
the
first
giues
vnto
the
second
:
as
by
the
reputacion
he
dooth
carrie
to
be
found
in
negotiation
.
Unto
which
purpose
this
Prouerbe
may
be
applyed
.
Di
Cosa
nasce
cosa
,
et
il
tempo
le
gouerna
.
Of
thinges
:
thinges
arise
,
and
time
dooth
gouerne
them
.
WE
ought
to
obserue
with
diligence
,
thinges
past
:
for
that
they
giue
light
to
those
that
are
to
come
,
forsomuch
as
the
Worlde
was
alwayes
one
,
and
all
that
which
is
at
thi●
present
and
shall
be
,
hath
béen
at
other
times
.
For
that
the
selfe
same
thinges
returne
vnder
diuers
sundrie
names
and
cullours
,
wherefore
they
are
not
knowne
but
of
those
that
are
wise
,
and
that
consider
them
with
greate
diligence
.
THose
possesse
a
better
time
in
this
Worlde
,
a
longer
life
,
and
after
a
certaine
sorte
a
more
happy
,
which
are
of
a
base
and
meane
wit
:
then
these
hye
and
scrutinous
wittes
.
For
that
a
Noble
wit
is
for
the
moste
parte
a
trauaile
to
him
that
hath
it
.
Neuertheles
the
one
in
practising
dooth
participate
more
of
a
brute
creature
then
of
a
man
,
the
other
ascending
aboue
the
degrée
of
man
:
dooth
aproche
néere
vnto
the
heauens
.
THe
nature
of
the
people
,
is
like
vnto
the
nature
of
priuate
persones
,
that
is
,
to
desire
alwayes
to
augment
in
degrée
,
more
then
they
are
of
them selues
:
Therfore
he
is
wise
,
that
denyes
anye
thinge
before
they
demaunde
it
.
For
if
he
doo
graunte
it
:
hée
dooth
not
staye
them
,
but
dooth
inflame
them
to
demaund
more
,
and
with
greater
instance
then
before
,
for
by
giuing
them
often
to
drink
:
the
thirst
is
made
greater
.
HE
that
is
the
follower
of
a
great
person
,
and
doth
serue
him
,
&
dooth
desire
to
be
employed
of
him
:
dooth
apply
himselfe
to
be
alwaies
present
before
his
eyes
,
for
that
occasions
doo
arise
from
time
to
time
,
to
commit
some
affaires
to
the
handes
of
those
he
dooth
sée
,
or
vnto
those
that
are
néerest
him
:
which
if
he
did
séeke
for
or
looke
for
,
he
would
not
commit
them
vnto
him
:
and
he
that
doth
loose
any
beginning
although
very
small
,
dooth
oftentimes
loose
his
accesse
and
introduction
to
great
things
.
I
Would
imploye
my selfe
to
séek
the
mutation
of
states
,
if
I
alone
were
able
to
change
them
:
but
when
I
call
to
minde
that
it
is
requisite
I
should
first
make
head
with
others
,
and
for
the
most
parte
with
fooles
and
with
malignant
persons
,
which
neither
can
kéep
secret
,
neither
know
how
to
perfourme
any
thing
,
there
is
nothing
that
I
flée
and
shunne
more
then
this
.
HE
that
would
procure
in
any
accident
,
a
wise
man
to
iudge
the
effects
that
would
come
,
and
write
his
iudgment
:
he
should
finde
(
returning
to
sée
the
progresse
of
times
)
fewe
thinges
verified
,
for
that
the
affaires
of
the
worlde
are
euer
variable
and
full
of
change
.
HE
that
is
conuersant
with
great
persons
,
should
not
suffer
himselfe
to
be
set
on
horse-back
,
with
curteous
embrasements
,
or
with
superficial
demonstrations
,
wherwithall
they
make
men
daunce
as
they
list
:
for
that
by
how
much
more
is
it
difficile
for
vs
to
abstaine
from
this
,
so
much
the
more
ought
we
to
restraine
our selues
by
kéeping
our
head
free
and
at
liberty
,
not
suffering
any
to
carry
vs
away
lightly
.
A
Good
Citizen
that
loues
his
Countrie
,
ought
not
onely
to
temporise
and
maintain
himselfe
in
the
good
grace
of
a
Tirant
for
his
securitie
,
for
that
he
is
in
perrill
when
he
is
holden
in
suspect
:
but
also
for
the
benefite
of
the
Cittie
,
for
that
gouerning
of
himselfe
,
after
this
sort
,
he
shal
haue
occasion
to
fauour
with
counsel
and
with
d●eds
,
many
good
men
,
and
disfauour
many
wicked
.
IF
thou
be
not
well
pleased
with
any
one
,
indeuour
thy selfe
so
much
as
thou
art
able
,
that
he
doo
not
perceiue
it
:
for
that
he
dooth
soddainly
alienate
himselfe
,
and
for
that
in
time
manye
occasions
doo
fall
out
,
that
maye
serue
thy
turne
,
and
they
will
serue
thée
if
thou
hast
not
lost
them
by
making
account
of
them
:
dissemble
then
and
hold
him
for
thy
freend
.
HE
that
perceiues
himself
to
be
of
good
luck
and
fortunate
,
may
weaue
the
webbe
of
his
enterprises
with
greater
courage
:
but
let
him
knowe
,
that
chaunce
&
luck
be
not
only
from
time
to
time
ful
of
change
,
but
also
in
one selfe
time
and
in
one selfe
thing
.
And
whosoeuer
will
obserue
the
same
,
shall
finde
many
that
haue
béene
fortunate
in
one
kinde
of
thing
,
and
in
an
other
kinde
haue
been
vnfortunate
.
I
Haue
desired
as
other
men
haue
:
profit
and
honor
,
and
my
draught
hath
alwaies
succeede
,
neuerthelesse
,
when
I
haue
obtained
what
I
would
:
I
haue
not
found
in
the
same
any
of
those
satisfactions
I
imagined
before
,
which
thing
if
it
be
well
considered
,
ought
to
suffise
to
exstinguish
much
of
that
thirstie
humour
that
men
haue
of
honours
.
DOo
not
determine
vpon
that
thing
which
thou
hast
not
,
neither
spend
vpon
any
future
gaines
:
for
that
many
times
they
doo
not
succéede
,
and
thou
findest
thy selfe
entangled
.
And
it
is
oftentimes
seene
,
that
great
Merchants
doo
faile
,
when
that
vnder
the
hope
of
a
greater
future
gain
,
they
enter
into
exchange
,
the
multiplying
wherof
is
certaine
,
and
hath
a
perfixed
time
,
but
the
gaines
which
he
looked
for
,
oftentimes
doo
not
come
,
or
else
drawe
out
in
length
more
then
he
made
account
off
:
in
such
sorte
,
that
those
enterprises
which
he
had
begun
to
his
profit
,
fall
out
to
be
damageable
.
IN
the
particular
accidents
of
warre
,
fortune
dooth
rule
more
then
in
any
other
humaine
actions
,
forsomuch
as
euery
arte
that
hath
his
subiect
changeable
,
is
in
some
sorte
subiect
to
the
occurrence
of
chaunce
:
but
most
of
al
the
art
militarie
through
the
great
difficulties
,
brought
by
the
varietie
of
the
change
of
chaunces
,
which
are
and
fall
out
vpon
the
way
,
in
scituations
of
grounds
,
in
seasons
,
in
the
inequalitie
of
the
aire
,
in
infirmities
,
in
mony
,
in
victua●ls
,
in
the
munition
,
in
artillerie
,
in
the
bagage
,
in
the
spyes
,
in
the
guides
,
in
the
vaulcorrours
,
in
the
principall
officers
,
and
in
the
proper
Souldiours
.
WArrefare
cannot
be
vsed
for
an
arte
,
but
of
a
common●weale
,
or
of
a
Prince
:
and
the
one
and
the
other
of
these
when
they
are
well
ordered
,
wil
neuer
consent
that
any
Citizen
or
subiect
shall
vse
the
same
for
art
.
A
Well
ordered
Cittie
ought
to
desire
that
the
studie
of
warrefare
be
vsed
in
time
of
peace
,
for
an
exercise
:
but
in
the
time
of
warre
,
for
necessitie
&
for
glory
,
suffering
the
same
to
be
vsed
for
art
,
onlye
of
publick
&
common-weale
.
THere
is
no
sorte
of
Souldiers
to
be
found
so
perrilous
,
as
those
which
are
compounded
of
them
that
make
warres
an
art
,
for
thou
shalt
be
forced
either
alwaies
to
make
warres
,
or
to
haue
them
alwaies
in
paye
:
or
else
to
stand
in
perrill
that
they
doo
not
take
away
thy
kingdome
from
thee
,
but
if
a
King
will
liue
in
securitie
,
he
ought
to
haue
his
footmen
and
souldiours
compounded
of
such
men
that
when
time
requires
to
make
warres
:
they
wil
willinglye
for
his
loue
goe
vnto
the
same
,
and
when
afterwardes
peace
doth
fall
out
,
they
doo
most
willingly
return
home
to
their
houses
,
forsomuch
as
the
end
of
him
that
will
make
warres
,
is
to
be
able
to
fight
with
any
enemy
in
the
féelde
,
and
to
wi●ne
the
battaile
.
WEapons
put
in
the
hands
of
Citizens
or
subiects
by
the
lawes
or
any
other
ordinance
,
did
neuer
do
hurt
:
but
are
alwaies
profitable
,
and
maintaine
the
Citie
more
immaculate
by
means
of
these
weapons
then
without
them
.
A
Captain
of
the
sea
,
which
is
accustomed
to
fight
with
the
windes
,
with
the
waters
,
and
with
men
,
will
more
easily
become
a
captain
on
land
,
where
we
fight
only
with
men
:
then
a
captain
of
the
land
become
a
captain
on
the
sea
.
ALthough
those
which
attribute
all
to
vertue
or
all
to
prudence
,
vse
their
endeuours
to
exclude
fortune
:
yet
can
they
not
deny
that
it
is
a
great
chaunce
to
be
borne
in
some
one
time
,
or
to
practise
in
those
occasions
in
the
which
those
partes
or
vertues
,
he
dooth
feele
himselfe
to
be
of
valour
and
abilitie
,
are
in
estimation
.
THe
officers
and
fauourites
of
the
Prince
,
are
bound
if
they
be
wise
,
to
maintaine
their
maister
in
loue
&
charitie
with
other
Princes
,
and
to
molifie
with
their
woords
their
ire
,
when
it
will
fall
out
to
be
hurtfull
,
not
onelye
to
themselues
,
but
also
to
the
people
:
for
that
they
being
for
the
most
part
headlong
&
violent
in
their
wills
,
so
much
the
more
they
become
furious
,
by
how
much
they
are
inflamed
with
ire
,
by
those
that
ought
to
reconcile
and
asswage
them
:
and
he
that
dooth
otherwise
,
is
no
other
then
a
naughtye
seruant
,
and
vnwise
officer
.
EUery
souldiour
and
euery
man
,
although
he
be
valiant
and
strong
,
dooth
only
defend
himselfe
and
his
owne
life
,
but
a
Prince
whilste
he
shewes
himselfe
iust
&
benigne
to
all
,
is
more
ententiue
about
other
mens
safety
than
his
own
and
let
him
know
that
the
safetie
of
his
people
is
his
own
security
,
and
therfore
he
ought
ioyfully
to
take
holde
of
all
those
remedies
that
fortune
and
occasion
doth
yeelde
him
.
WE
doo
not
only
gain
glory
by
ouercomming
that
enemy
which
doth
fall
armed
in
the
feelde
,
but
also
it
is
a
much
more
glorious
victory
which
is
obtained
without
sound
of
trumpet
:
and
in
the
which
thy
enemy
is
made
thy
prisoner
willingly
.
TO
slye
(
which
very
rarelye
or
neuer
dooth
saue
a
man
)
doth
shew
the
basenes
of
his
minde
,
&
his
folly
to
punish
himselfe
in
the
hazard
and
perrilles
of
warrefare
.
THe
greatnes
of
state
is
vniuersaly
desired
of
euery
one
,
for
that
all
the
goodnesthereof
dooth
appeare
outwardly
,
but
the
euill
remaines
hid
within
the
same
,
the
which
if
it
were
séene
,
we
should
haue
no
such
great
desire
thereof
,
for
that
without
doubt
it
is
full
of
perrilles
,
of
suspitions
,
of
trauailes
and
of
toyles
,
but
that
which
dooth
cause
a
well
purged
minde
to
desire
the
same
,
is
the
appetite
that
men
haue
to
become
superiours
ouer
others
:
the
which
thing
is
truely
a
goodly
and
blessed
thing
,
considering
that
in
this
case
they
resemble
God
.
EUery
one
that
is
forced
of
necessitie
,
dooth
require
helpe
of
others
,
where
there
is
no
boud
of
benefites
receiued
or
straite
knotte
of
freendship
:
it
is
a
iust
and
reasonable
thing
the
he
showe
in
what
sort
his
request
aboue
all
things
is
of
great
profit
,
or
at
the
least
dooth
bring
in
damage
to
any
person
,
if
the
same
be
freely
graunted
vnto
him
,
and
after
make
manifest
that
he
shall
be
euer
bound
vnto
him
:
and
where
demonstrations
can
be
made
of
none
of
these
foresaid
thinges
:
he
ought
to
be
displeased
if
he
doo
not
obtaine
that
which
he
demaunds
.
IN
all
thinges
it
is
necessary
first
to
aide
our selues
with
reason
,
and
then
with
force
:
and
therefore
in
matters
of
warrefare
,
it
is
much
better
to
entrappe
others
,
then
to
defend
our selues
from
the
factions
of
others
:
not
suffering
through
our
basenes
of
courage
the
enemies
forces
to
be
encreased
with
those
things
that
we
ought
to
serue
our
turnes
withall
:
for
that
by
how
much
more
a
man
dooth
vphold
himself
with
reason
in
any
thing
,
so
much
the
greater
profit
will
follow
.
EUen
as
in
naturall
things
the
multitude
of
perticular
causes
are
knit
vp
in
fewe
,
by
ascending
vp
to
the
height
and
from
fewe
,
so
long
vntill
they
end
in
one
alone
:
euen
so
likewise
the
multitude
of
those
,
that
doo
handle
publick
affaires
,
are
restrayned
and
knit
vp
through
sundry
occasions
and
waies
,
into
fewe
bodies
and
sectes
,
and
those
into
other
fewe
,
vntill
such
time
as
they
conspire
and
be
incorrupted
,
whither
it
be
by
chaunce
or
of
purpose
,
in
one
onely
body
and
head
.
PRinces
may
by
education
and
by
election
,
make
themselues
good
voluntary
,
wherin
their
proper
conscience
,
or
at
the
least
shame
may
doo
that
in
them
that
the
lawes
cannot
doo
in
a
frée
state
and
power
,
but
when
the
lawes
do
serue
vnto
a
well
compounded
minde
,
not
for
a
spur
,
but
for
a
bridle
:
that
person
truely
is
worthy
of
all
honour
,
and
ought
to
be
reputed
excellent
.
MEn
doo
lament
more
when
any
wrong
is
doon
them
,
against
reason
,
then
when
violence
is
vsed
against
them
by
force
,
for
that
the
wrong
makes
shewe
,
that
he
that
dooth
doo
iniurie
,
and
he
that
is
iniuried
be
equal
,
but
force
is
a
token
,
that
he
that
dooth
force
is
of
greater
power
then
he
that
is
forced
.
EUen
as
similitude
enclines
the
maister
to
estéeme
déerly
of
his
seruant
,
and
to
giue
him
aide
,
and
to
admit●e
him
into
his
grace
:
euen
so
continuation
almost
against
the
will
of
the
maister
,
dooth
in
ende
ouercome
and
open
the
passage
,
through
those
occasions
which
necessarilye
doo
occurre
,
aswell
through
the
indisposition
,
as
by
the
absence
of
him
,
which
either
through
auncient
seruice
,
or
through
the
fauour
of
his
maister
,
being
assured
of
his
grace
,
dooth
leaue
off
his
diligence
:
and
dooth
attend
about
some
of
his
owne
commodities
,
the
which
if
it
goe
any
time
forward
,
it
is
an
easie
thing
,
for
that
the
new
seruant
in
a
smal
time
to
make
him selfe
more
estéemed
of
his
maister
,
then
the
auntient
:
forsomuch
as
the
new
dooth
study
alwaies
to
obtaine
his
good
grace
,
and
honour
him
more
then
the
other
,
as
he
that
perchaunce
hath
not
known
him
in
wursse
fortune
or
of
lesse
age
,
whereas
the
auntient
seruaunt
many
times
by
those
reasons
that
are
contrarye
to
these
,
and
by
his
continuall
practise
,
dooth
vsurpe
an
odious
equalitie
,
or
at
the
least
doo
not
serue
with
such
a
reuerence
and
respect
.
PUblicke
and
perticular
accusations
maye
easilye
be
exstinguished
:
but
an
vniuersall
warre
,
taken
in
hand
by
all
at
the
instance
of
some
perticulars
,
(
they
not
knowing
what
shall
be
the
issue
thereof
)
cannot
easily
abandon
the
same
with
their
honour
.
WHen
we
prepare
our selues
against
our
enemies
,
we
ought
to
think
and
imagine
that
their
displeasure
is
like
vnto
ours
,
and
we
ought
to
apply
our selues
to
déedes
and
not
to
woordes
:
not
putting
any
trust
at
all
in
the
errours
which
our
enemies
commit
,
but
rather
let
vs
presuppose
that
alwaies
they
being
of
sound
iudgement
,
haue
aswell
prouided
for
their
affaires
,
as
we
for
ours
.
A
Wise
man
ought
not
to
kéepe
secret
any
good
counsell
that
is
profitable
for
his
Countrye
,
for
doubt
that
the
same
should
be
put
in
effect
:
for
that
the
end
will
cause
other
mens
temeritie
and
folly
to
be
knowne
:
and
likewise
will
cause
the
bounty
and
prudence
to
appeare
of
him
that
hath
giuen
thee
counsell
.
IT
is
conuenient
for
wise
men
to
remaine
in
peace
,
not
being
molested
with
other
mens
iniuries
,
but
towards
men
of
valour
(
being
offended
)
it
is
conuenient
to
take
notice
thereof
,
making
his
recourse
from
peace
to
warres
,
and
if
things
doo
succéed
towards
them
prosperouslye
:
they
ought
to
returne
to
peace
,
and
not
become
proud
through
the
happy
successe
of
warres
:
or
rather
enioying
the
rest
of
peace
,
suffer
themselues
to
be
iniured
.
Forsomuch
as
he
that
through
the
delight
of
peace
is
sloe
if
he
remaine
quiet
,
in
a
small
space
of
time
he
is
depriued
of
the
delight
of
that
idle
rest
which
made
him
sloe
.
And
he
that
through
the
happy
successe
of
warres
becomes
proude
,
dooth
not
perceiue
that
his
is
raised
vp
with
an
vncertain
audacitie
:
for
that
many
things
naughtily
determined
,
incountred
by
the
enemy
more
foolishlye
counselled
then
he
,
haue
had
happye
issues
,
and
many
of
those
which
with
prudence
did
seeme
to
be
determined
,
contrariwise
haue
had
vnhappy
successe
.
For
so
much
as
things
are
very
sildome
executed
according
to
their
draught
,
but
euery
one
with
a
certaine
securitie
,
doo
iudge
of
future
things
,
and
after
in
the
action
faile
.
WArres
very
seldome
fall
out
in
such
sort
as
the
plot
is
set
down
,
for
that
she
findes
of
her selfe
many
thinges
besides
the
occurrants
:
and
therfore
he
that
is
couragious
in
the
same
,
proues
to
be
secure
,
but
he
that
is
fearefull
in
the
same
,
commits
greeuous
errours
.
THe
falling
out
and
issue
of
things
are
accustomed
to
be
fallible
,
no
lesse
than
humain
determinations
,
&
through
that
occasion
,
when
there
dooth
come
vpon
vs
any
disgrace
at
vnawares
:
we
vse
to
burden
fortune
with
the
falte
thereof
.
MEn
submit
themselues
vnto
seruitude
it self
,
yéelding
obedience
in
small
things
,
vnto
which
they
should
be
subiect
,
being
obedient
in
great
things
.
AN
armie
vpon
the
Seas
,
is
artificiallye
handled
like
vnto
the
other
,
in
the
which
it
is
not
necessarie
with
sloth
once
or
twice
to
exercise
our selues
:
but
he
that
will
entirelye
learne
it
,
it
is
requisite
that
he
continually
make
profession
of
nothing
else
:
forsomuch
as
the
issues
of
warre
be
doubtfull
,
and
from
small
thinges
they
come
to
great
,
and
many
assaults
are
made
through
ire
and
rage
,
and
the
lesse
multitude
fearing
,
hath
oftentimes
ouercome
the
greater
number
,
who
not
estéeming
the
enemy
,
haue
made
no
account
of
order
.
IT
is
necessarie
that
all
those
that
doo
enter
into
other
mens
territories
:
to
be
ready
and
prompte
of
minde
,
and
firme
and
staid
in
their
déeds
,
for
that
in
such
sort
the
souldiours
become
most
valiant
to
giue
the
assault
,
and
more
assured
in
resistance
,
alwaies
imagining
that
they
doo
not
fight
against
a
citie
that
is
impotent
and
weak
of
defence
,
but
furnished
with
all
thinges
necessary
:
wherfore
they
ought
to
presuppose
,
that
the
enemye
will
méete
them
in
the
face
,
if
not
at
that
present
at
the
least
,
when
they
sée
that
they
are
entred
into
their
Countrie
,
beginning
to
destroy
and
to
ruinate
the
same
.
ALl
those
that
doo
sée
any
vnwoonted
damage
to
be
done
,
before
their
proper
eyes
:
are
moued
by
the
same
immediatly
vnto
disdaine
and
ire
,
and
vsing
small
reason
,
pricked
greatly
forward
with
fury
and
anger
,
enforce
themselues
to
vse
blowes
.
MOnye
is
gathered
and
kept
to
spend
honourably
,
and
that
is
the
vse
and
finall
ende
thereof
:
therefore
a
wise
Prince
ought
not
to
giue
himselfe
to
gather
the
same
together
,
to
serue
his
turne
withall
:
but
to
make
warres
,
forsomuch
as
in
warres
money
is
not
spent
in
vain
,
when
there
is
hope
of
greater
gain
:
and
although
the
people
are
very
vnwillingly
made
contributarye
:
notwithstanding
,
when
they
know
that
it
is
doon
for
the
common
safetye
,
they
supporte
it
peaceably
.
MAny
times
we
see
created
of
purpose
in
Common-weales
,
the
successour
differing
in
nature
to
his
predicessours
,
and
this
is
doone
:
forsomuch
as
the
qualitie
of
the
firste
(
how
good
soeuer
he
be
)
through
a
certaine
naturall
glutting
of
mens
appetites
,
dooth
displease
:
and
so
much
the
more
,
by
how
much
there
is
nothing
found
in
this
worlde
,
that
is
altogither
good
,
and
which
hath
not
in
it
some
parte
of
euill
,
through
the
hate
wherof
,
we
go
about
to
set
vp
one
of
contrarye
customes
,
whose
order
of
life
and
woorking
,
may
be
almost
directlye
opposite
to
his
predicessour
,
aswell
for
that
he
is
one
alone
of
the
number
of
them
that
iudge
after
this
sort
,
and
is
reputed
for
such
of
others
:
as
for
that
he
can
doo
nothing
more
acceptable
then
the
contrary
of
that
which
a
little
before
was
hated
,
neither
any
thing
more
apparent
or
glorious
,
then
that
which
is
néere
vnto
perrill
.
THose
things
that
may
appeare
vnto
many
little
and
of
small
moment
:
be
like
vnto
the
signes
,
by
the
which
Phisitions
doo
foresée
plagues
,
and
Saylers
the
tempests
at
the
Sea
:
but
rather
vnto
the
good
,
and
those
of
vnderstanding
,
they
are
peraduenture
of
greater
importance
,
then
oftentimes
are
the
demonstrations
of
greater
things
:
for
that
as
a
certain
wise
man
saith
,
in
small
things
wherin
men
vse
not
to
faine
,
and
doo
not
vse
studie
of
apparence
,
neither
are
afraide
to
be
punished
:
the
habite
of
vertue
is
easily
comprehended
together
,
with
the
secret
inclination
and
disposition
that
a
man
hath
towards
vices
,
forsomuch
as
hauing
at
that
time
not
any
eye
and
care
to
please
vniuersally
,
but
himselfe
:
he
remembers
himselfe
(
drawn
by
his
particular
humour
)
of
that
errour
into
the
which
he
may
runne
,
but
to
satisfie
his
appetite
.
BY
great
reason
men
doo
iudge
,
that
he
is
woorthie
of
reprehension
,
who
through
timorositie
doth
faile
in
the
glorie
,
which
at
that
present
hee
dooth
possesse
,
euen
as
they
likewise
iudge
him
to
be
woorthie
of
euill
will
,
who
dooth
rashly
séek
for
that
,
which
neither
is
conuenient
,
nor
doth
not
appertaine
vnto
him
.
COnfidence
for
the
most
parte
dooth
arise
of
an
vnhoped
for
aduenture
,
and
may
likewise
be
in
a
timerous
person
,
but
an
assured
firmenes
appertaines
onely
to
him
,
who
knowes
certainly
,
that
he
by
the
counsell
which
is
in
our selfe
is
to
ouercome
his
aduersarie
:
and
prudence
which
springeth
of
the
greatnes
of
our
courage
in
equall
fortune
,
doth
make
him
that
hath
audacitie
,
more
secure
,
not
putting
his
trust
in
hope
,
whose
power
is
fallible
:
but
in
that
counsell
which
is
taken
vpon
thinges
present
,
the
fore-seeing
of
which
is
more
stable
.
TO
be
enuied
,
and
to
be
vsed
,
falles
out
of
necessitie
to
be
in
all
them
,
who
think
themselues
woorthye
to
gouerne
ouer
others
:
and
euerye
one
that
in
great
thinges
doth
obtain
hate
,
he
is
well
counselled
:
for
that
hate
endure●
but
a
small
time
,
but
the
present
fame
and
the
glorie
to
come
,
shall
remaine
perpetually
.
IN
perrills
where
there
is
no
courage
:
no
art
dooth
help
,
for
feare
makes
men
to
forget
knowledge
and
Science
:
and
practise
without
generositie
,
dooth
bring
with
it
no
profit
at
all
.
Let
therfore
an
Army
be
couragious
although
it
be
but
small
:
for
that
,
that
Armye
which
is
greate
,
and
dooth
trust
more
in
their
number
then
in
their
counsell
and
in
their
courage
:
it
may
be
said
that
the
same
Army
is
full
of
fooles
.
And
let
him
knowe
that
order
and
silence
,
whilst
Armyes
are
in
fight
:
are
great
helpes
to
obtaine
victories
.
And
that
those
which
be
once
ouercome
in
any
enterprise
,
finding
them selues
againe
in
the
same
perrill
:
are
not
verye
assured
.
AMongst
priuate
persons
there
is
no
stable
amitie
,
neither
amongst
Cities
confederations
of
any
moment
:
if
there
be
not
betwixt
the
one
and
the
other
an
interchangeable
opinion
of
sinceritie
,
and
if
in
other
thinges
,
they
be
not
of
like
customes
:
for
where
mens
mindes
disagrée
,
likwise
their
operations
disagrée
.
WEe
ought
to
praise
moderatelye
,
for
by
how
muche
more
ignominies
offend
him
,
against
whom
they
are
spoken
:
by
so
much
more
the
manifolde
praises
oftentimes
offend
him
that
dooth
heare
them
,
besides
that
,
the
praise
▪
giuer
runnes
into
the
perrill
of
the
iudgement
and
of
his
bountie
which
is
lesse
:
for
so
much
as
through
his
proper
loue
that
dooth
gouerne
him
,
the
good
and
the
euil
which
is
spoken
of
others
,
is
sodainlye
reuolued
and
enters
into
comparison
with
our selues
:
where-vpon
,
euery
one
that
dooth
féele
in
him selfe
such
merites
or
defectes
:
either
is
greeued
that
his
prayses
are
kepte
secrete
,
or
else
dooth
feare
that
his
defectes
shoulde
be
discouered
.
And
it
oftentimes
comes
to
passe
,
that
we
may
offende
a
person
onlye
with
bearing
greater
respect
vnto
an
other
of
the
same
or
of
a
greater
quallitye
,
the
same
person
iudging
,
that
as
much
,
or
perchance
woorsse
shall
be
doone
to
him
.
MEn
of
grosse
and
slowe
wittes
,
doo
gouern
a
Citie
better
,
then
those
that
be
of
a
quicke
and
craftie
braine
,
for
wise
men
will
showe
,
that
they
know
more
of
lawes
,
and
be
superiours
in
eloquence
to
others
,
of
things
deterned
in
commune
,
as
those
,
that
cannot
make
demonstration
of
their
prudence
in
greater
matters
:
wherupon
oftentimes
they
bring
great
damage
to
the
Cittie
,
but
those
that
put
no
confidence
in
their
prudence
:
esteeme
themselues
of
the
least
in
the
lawe
,
and
not
being
sufficient
to
obiect
against
the
spéeche
of
him
that
dooth
discourse
,
but
rather
being
better
iudges
then
many
of
those
that
speake
like
cerimonies
,
for
the
most
parte
doo
with
great
felicitie
gouerne
their
Cittie
.
WHen
those
that
haue
receiued
any
offence
doo
prolong
the
time
of
reuenge
:
they
correct
the
offendours
with
much
more
modes●ie
,
but
when
reuenge
is
immediatly
made
after
a
receiued
iniury
:
those
that
haue
béene
the
offendours
,
receiue
due
chastisement
.
IN
Common-weales
,
good
things
so
soon
as
they
are
told
abroad
,
engender
suspect
,
no
lesse
than
those
as
be
naught
:
Therefore
it
is
necessarie
,
that
he
which
will
perswade
any
thing
that
is
hurtfull
,
let
him
moue
the
multitude
therein
with
disceit
:
and
he
that
doth
giue
out
thinges
profitable
,
likewise
by
lying
and
dissembling
shal
be
be
beléeued
,
neither
can
he
openly
profit
his
Common-weale
,
if
that
by
such
fictions
he
do
not
deceiue
:
for
he
that
doth
openly
to
that
sight
of
the
world
performe
any
benefite
in
the
behalfe
of
his
citie
:
suddainlye
it
comes
to
be
suspected
,
that
he
goes
about
by
some
secret
and
hid
way
to
reape
the
same
againe
.
POuerty
makes
some
men
full
of
audacitie
,
others
by
riches
&
couetous
store
are
made
ambitious
and
proud
:
and
to
others
doth
chaunce
other
occasions
,
according
as
euery
man
doth
possesse
,
either
ire
,
or
some
other
vnbridled
accident
that
doth
moue
him
,
the
which
doo
all
of
them
make
vs
to
put
our selues
in
perill
,
&
aboue
all
things
hope
and
loue
dooth
greatly
prick
vs
forward
:
the
one
going
before
,
and
the
other
following
after
:
and
the
one
despising
deceites
,
and
the
other
propounding
vnto
vs
the
prosperitie
of
fortune
:
doo
bring
great
damage
.
IT
appertains
to
Princes
and
Common-weales
,
to
take
care
that
their
Captaine
Generals
do
nat
fall
in
suspect
,
and
if
the
same
doo
chaunce
:
they
ought
by
cutting
the
occasion
spéedilye
off
,
to
prouide
and
prepare
for
those
damages
,
and
for
those
ruines
,
that
therby
might
hang
ouer
their
State
.
SUspition
dooth
spring
vp
sometimes
in
our
mindes
,
either
of
those
thinges
that
be
likely
,
or
of
any
violence
that
hath
falne
out
,
or
else
through
a
certaine
folly
and
ignorance
of
men
:
that
which
doth
arise
of
likely-hoods
,
it
is
necessarie
to
examine
it
well
,
forsomuch
as
it
behoues
to
haue
iustification
,
and
he
that
dooth
iustifie
himselfe
,
dooth
merite
no
punishment
.
That
which
dooth
arise
of
any
violence
that
is
doon
or
that
is
to
be
doon
:
ought
not
so
stricktly
to
be
examined
,
for
that
already
it
is
rather
an
offence
,
then
a
suspition
:
&
offences
ought
to
be
punished
.
The
last
which
dooth
arise
of
follye
and
ignorance
,
ought
not
to
be
admitted
of
any
person
of
qualitie
,
but
rather
reiected
and
left
aparte
.
WRath
&
disdain
being
nothing
else
,
but
a
passion
conceiued
in
the
minde
either
through
anye
iniurie
receiued
,
or
through
that
which
it
séemes
we
shall
receiue
either
offew
or
of
many
,
no
person
of
qualitie
ought
to
giue
place
vnto
the
said
passion
,
without
reasonable
occasion
:
and
chéefely
in
those
iniuries
which
it
séemes
he
receiues
of
many
,
one
perticular
man
being
more
apt
to
erre
then
any
vniuersall
people
.
PRinces
ought
to
haue
care
,
not
to
prouoke
,
to
disdaine
their
vassailes
:
but
aboue
all
things
a
multitude
or
an
vniuersall
people
,
forsomuch
as
such
a
violence
is
much
more
headlong
,
is
of
greater
importance
,
and
dooth
cause
more
spéedie
and
perrilous
effects
for
Princes
.
MEn
that
are
strong
and
of
great
magnanimitie
,
are
not
to
be
afraide
of
their
liues
in
glorious
enterprises
:
but
rather
ought
to
account
death
for
most
glorious
,
when
either
for
the
benefite
of
their
Cuntry
,
or
for
their
Prince
,
the
same
should
chaunce
in
some
woorthie
and
hautye
enterprise
,
desiring
rather
to
dye
gloriouslye
,
then
to
liue
beastly
.
ALthough
the
actions
of
men
are
grounded
not
onelye
vpon
honour
,
honesty
or
iustice
,
but
also
vpon
firme
and
stable
faith
,
wherewithall
they
are
pricked
forward
to
put
things
in
action
,
in
such
sorte
,
that
they
may
be
approued
and
found
good
,
by
the
consent
of
all
:
and
to
the
intent
when
they
be
doon
,
we
growe
not
to
repent
vs
,
forsomuch
as
by
repentance
what
action
soeuer
,
although
it
be
well
doone
:
is
spoyled
and
defamed
.
FOrtitude
is
truely
the
supportation
of
great
thinges
,
wherein
there
is
perrill
of
death
,
but
not
in
respect
of
himselfe
alone
,
that
dooth
put
himselfe
into
the
same
,
but
in
respect
of
the
vniuersall
and
publick
benefit
either
of
his
country
or
of
his
Prince
whome
he
dooth
serue
.
TRue
fortitude
,
is
to
moderate
feare
and
audacitie
,
and
to
be
not
able
to
be
ouercome
with
trauailes
,
stout
and
strong
in
perrilles
,
seuere
against
pleasures
,
and
to
be
an
enemye
to
couetousnes
:
is
proper
to
a
man
that
possesseth
right
fortitude
.
And
to
be
such
a
one
to
defend
our
country
and
our
Prince
from
barberous
inuations
,
and
at
home
the
weak
and
not
able
,
with
weapons
:
or
abroad
,
his
companion
from
théeues
,
or
the
hye
waye
from
rapines
:
is
as
I
haue
saide
to
accomplishe
an
ample
and
full
iustice
.
THe
fortitude
of
minde
is
knowne
two
waies
,
the
one
is
when
being
in
perrils
,
he
dooth
no
otherwise
estéeme
and
repute
of
the
partes
of
the
body
,
but
as
superfluous
and
to
be
despised
:
the
other
,
is
when
he
dooth
perseuer
to
follow
those
things
which
are
most
principall
in
the
enterprise
,
and
in
them
goes
forward
still
pursuing
of
honour
,
and
following
that
which
doth
leade
to
the
true
and
honest
way
,
with
an
vnspotted
and
excellent
intent
and
minde
,
vntill
such
time
as
he
hath
obtained
the
effect
,
or
the
desired
end
.
IF
Fortitude
do
principally
appertaine
vnto
man
as
his
proper
due
:
and
the
principall
partes
&
dueties
of
Fortitude
,
is
not
to
be
afraid
of
death
neither
of
gréefe
.
Whosoeuer
desires
to
be
a
man
,
ought
likewise
to
consider
well
of
the
true
properties
of
a
man
,
and
to
haue
in
memorye
,
that
to
suffer
himselfe
to
be
possessed
with
feare
,
to
be
ouercome
by
his
owne
will
and
pleasures
,
or
drawne
by
a
couetous
desire
to
gaine
money
and
riches
:
be
partes
of
lightnes
and
instabilitie
,
contrarye
to
all
fortitude
.
THose
thinges
which
are
vniuersallye
desired
,
doo
sildome
come
to
passe
,
the
reason
is
:
for
that
there
be
fewe
that
giue
beginning
or
motion
to
those
thinges
:
at
the
ende
whereof
there
be
sundry
contrarye
,
to
the
appetites
of
many
.
THe
arte
of
clemencye
and
of
pardoning
,
although
for
the
most
parte
it
benefites
:
neuerthelesse
,
sometimes
it
is
hurtfull
and
damageable
,
but
this
comes
to
passe
,
when
thou
doost
pardon
a
perticular
person
,
equall
or
like
vnto
thy selfe
,
whereas
to
pardon
or
to
vse
clemencie
towards
a
multitude
,
for
the
moste
parte
dooth
benefite
,
for
that
it
is
almost
impossible
that
a
multitude
which
hath
receiued
any
benefite
,
should
all
of
them
be
willing
to
be
malignant
or
ingratefull
,
whereas
a
perticular
person
,
either
through
his
euill
nature
,
or
through
some
other
vnreasonable
desire
,
dooth
oftentimes
fall
into
this
vice
of
ingratitude
.
THe
true
intent
of
good
men
,
and
men
of
iudgement
,
ought
neuer
to
be
other
then
to
endeuour
themselues
to
obtaine
fame
,
glorye
and
honour
,
in
the
sight
of
men
:
for
that
all
perrilles
,
toyles
,
trauailes
,
discommodities
and
gréefes
,
which
we
beare
in
the
exercise
,
or
in
the
managing
of
great
causes
,
is
doone
with
this
principall
intent
,
to
benefite
so
many
as
we
can
or
are
able
,
and
to
be
hurtfull
to
none
.
A
Wise
man
ought
too
consider
,
that
he
is
borne
not
somuch
for
himselfe
,
as
to
benefite
others
,
and
by
how
much
he
findes
himself
in
greater
degrée
then
others
,
or
by
how
much
he
knowes
himselfe
to
haue
more
knowledge
,
more
vertue
,
or
more
gifts
of
God
then
others
:
by
so
much
he
ought
to
iudge
that
God
hath
graunted
him
the
same
,
to
the
intent
he
may
imparte
the
same
to
the
benefite
of
others
,
and
in
this
we
ought
infinitely
to
reioyce
,
that
he
hath
opened
vnto
him
so
large
,
so
plaine
,
and
so
apparent
a
way
,
to
make
him selfe
immortall
.
SOddaine
determinations
,
when
as
commoditie
is
not
left
to
consulte
,
they
drawe
perrilles
oftentimes
after
them
:
and
oftentimes
also
when
a
man
for
feare
of
a
great
perrill
dooth
turne
himselfe
towardes
desperation
,
they
issue
foorth
of
those
greefes
and
trauailes
wherein
they
finde
themselues
intangled
:
forsomuch
as
the
conuerting
of
feare
into
desperation
,
makes
men
furious
and
bolde
:
and
those
that
be
bolde
are
for
the
most
parte
aided
and
fauoured
by
fortune
.
IN
free
Citties
where
feare
and
renowne
is
entered
into
the
mindes
of
the
vniuersall
people
,
that
is
to
say
:
of
all
the
Citizens
,
or
into
the
minde
of
any
particular
person
,
when
it
is
vniuersally
it
causeth
two
effects
,
either
the
vniuersall
people
doo
take
their
resolutions
very
slolye
,
or
else
dooth
take
them
spéedily
and
desperatelye
.
When
they
take
their
resolution
slolye
,
it
ariseth
for
that
a
multitude
can
verye
hardlye
perswade
themselues
,
that
any
other
can
so
spéedily
harme
them
:
and
to
resolue
desperatelye
and
spéedilye
,
dooth
spring
for
feare
of
the
imminent
damage
,
or
much
rather
through
the
present
harmes
,
and
for
doubt
of
wursse
,
but
that
feare
which
is
in
the
minde
of
a
perticular
person
,
when
he
is
mighty
dooth
oftentimes
deuide
a
fr●e
Cittie
into
partes
,
and
dooth
dis-vnite
the
same
.
THe
feare
of
a
greater
euill
dooth
sometimes
deliuer
a
man
from
the
care
and
the
thoughtes
of
a
lesse
euill
:
forsomuch
as
those
things
that
appeare
more
terrible
doo
cause
vs
vpon
a
sodaine
to
forget
the
lesse
terrible
,
and
setting
aparte
all
care
of
the
one
,
makes
vs
applye
our selues
to
the
other
.
A
Man
that
is
of
a
frée
and
of
a
good
minde
,
ought
to
consider
that
iustice
is
maintained
,
that
the
faultye
are
chastised
,
and
the
good
rewarded
,
for
no
other
occasion
but
only
by
so
dooing
it
is
good
and
iust
.
AMongst
the
actions
of
men
that
are
glorious
,
by
the
meanes
of
weapons
or
c●unsell
,
or
that
by
one
waye
or
by
another
,
they
ascend
vp
to
honorable
degrees
:
it
is
a
thing
of
great
importance
to
knowe
how
to
defend
our selues
from
enuie
,
for
that
there
is
nothing
that
can
sooner
and
more
easilye
cause
them
to
fall
downe
from
their
height
into
a
base
degree
,
woorthy
of
compassion
then
enuye
:
and
to
such
persons
it
is
a
thing
pernitious
in
particular
to
be
conuersant
with
men
of
the
common
sorte
:
for
that
great
men
perswading
themselues
that
they
are
to
be
in
Courte
,
in
Pallaces
,
in
the
streetes
,
and
in
euery
place
,
holden
of
greatest
reputation
,
in
the
same
maner
they
were
,
when
they
did
manage
armies
,
or
states
,
or
publicke
affaires
:
there
is
nothing
that
appeares
more
strange
to
be
supported
,
then
populare
equalitie
,
the
which
not
onelye
in
f●ee
Citties
,
but
also
in
those
that
are
subiect
to
Princes
,
it
remaines
firme
and
fixed
in
the
mindes
of
the
vulgar
sorte
(
as
those
that
haue
no
other
principall
intent
)
then
to
pull
downe
and
debase
such
great
persons
,
because
they
would
not
sée
them
before
them
,
neither
more
honoured
or
of
greter
reputation
then
they
be
.
MEn
of
vertue
and
reputation
haue
nothing
that
doth
more
helpe
to
maintaine
their
greatnes
and
reputation
,
and
to
auoide
enuie
:
then
to
remaine
seperated
and
withdrawen
from
the
conuersation
or
traffique
with
the
common
sorte
.
IT
is
not
to
be
doubted
but
that
enuye
dooth
not
onelye
hurt
those
that
are
enuied
,
but
oftentimes
blinding
and
debasing
the
vertue
of
those
men
that
are
of
great
counsel
,
of
valour
,
and
of
Prudence
:
doo
keepe
them
for
a
certaine
time
hid
and
not
exercised
,
whereby
those
that
are
mighty
and
the
Common-weales
very
often
doo
suffer
detriment
in
their
occurrences
.
IT
is
the
parte
of
prudent
and
great
counsellours
,
to
prouide
so
much
as
they
are
able
,
that
those
that
be
vertuous
and
good
,
be
not
oppressed
with
enuye
:
and
to
woorke
so
farre
foorth
as
their
abilitie
will
stretch
,
or
is
permitted
,
that
enuie
be
exstinguished
and
rooted
out
in
their
Cittie
.
WHen
others
are
to
be
found
superiour
in
vertue
and
knowledge
:
we
ought
in
no
respect
to
giue
▪
place
and
permit
those
persons
that
are
not
worthy
should
be
admitted
or
enter
into
the
gouernment
of
publick
causes
,
and
that
the
chéefe
affaires
of
importance
,
should
be
put
into
the
handes
of
Citizens
that
are
not
capable
,
for
when
those
Citizens
that
be
of
greater
counsell
and
bounty
,
and
more
profitable
to
their
Countrye
,
be
afraide
either
of
the
audacitie
of
troublesome
and
ambitions
Citizens
,
or
are
in
doubt
of
enuye
,
or
are
terrified
in
the
trauaile
of
great
and
difficile
enterprises
,
and
draw
themselues
back
:
a
large
way
is
opened
to
negligence
and
sloath
.
EUery
one
ought
to
defend
himself
as
much
as
he
is
able
from
enuy
,
and
if
for
all
that
through
some
accident
a
man
cannot
defend
himselfe
:
let
him
imagine
that
it
is
much
better
to
be
enuied
of
others
,
then
to
beare
enuie
to
others
,
for
that
enuie
is
nothing
else
but
a
gréefe
and
a
sorrowe
taken
to
see
the
good
hap
and
glory
of
others
.
THere
is
nothing
that
dooth
more
easily
turne
vp-side
down
Common-weales
and
states
:
then
to
vse
change
in
the
gouernment
of
them
,
at
euery
beck
and
desire
of
the
vulgar
people
.
As
though
they
were
voide
of
people
,
they
doo
abhorre
and
●lie
alwaies
,
without
euer
taking
rest
as
it
dooth
chaunce
to
the
Sea
,
when
it
is
in
subiection
to
sundrye
windes
.
WEe
ought
neuer
to
put
any
hope
in
the
vulgar
people
,
for
that
there
is
no
stayednes
,
firme
mindes
,
or
remembrance
of
receiued
benefits
:
but
rather
do
euer
turn
them selues
for
euery
little
and
sodaine
accident
,
applying
alwaies
their
minde
,
from
that
which
from
hower
to
hower
,
dooth
present
it selfe
before
them
,
as
a
thing
profitable
or
delightfull
:
hauing
neither
respect
to
that
which
is
past
or
that
which
is
to
come
.
But
like
an
vnreasonable
beast
,
dooth
folllowe
that
onely
appearance
of
profite
,
that
in
euery
instant
or
moment
of
time
,
according
to
the
necessities
or
willes
which
appéere
before
their
eyes
,
or
in
what
other
sence
they
will
.
THe
perticuler
Citizens
or
officers
of
a
Common
weale
,
doo
not
onlye
suffer
damage
or
shame
,
by
meanes
of
the
instabilitie
of
the
vulgar
&
common
sorte
:
but
Princes
also
when
through
any
necessitye
they
are
brought
to
make
experience
of
the
amitie
&
stabilitie
of
the
vniuersall
sorte
.
A
thing
which
euery
Prince
ought
greatly
to
haue
in
memory
&
take
care
of
,
that
if
it
be
profitable
and
good
,
to
be
beloued
of
the
people
:
yet
it
is
a
thing
not
only
pertayning
to
a
prudent
&
wise
Prince
,
not
to
haue
occasion
to
make
experience
therof
,
but
assuredly
necessarie
,
to
him
that
will
maintain
his
state
and
establishe
it
for
his
successours
,
to
be
prepared
in
such
sort
,
that
besides
the
loue
of
the
people
he
may
haue
money
,
all
sorts
of
prouisions
and
Souldiours
,
to
be
able
moreouer
to
defend
himselfe
by
force
.
THose
which
loue
and
those
which
hate
likewise
,
are
accustomed
to
honour
&
reuerence
their
Prince
,
but
the
one
through
loue
&
naturall
fauour
:
and
the
other
through
feare
and
terrour
.
Therfore
a
wise
Prince
ought
to
apply
his
indeuours
to
procure
vnto
himselfe
,
not
by
any
of
those
waies
,
Titles
,
statures
,
honours
and
dignities
,
which
the
people
would
attribute
vnto
him
without
merite
:
but
apply
himselfe
to
those
actions
,
that
truly
are
woorthy
of
true
praise
and
of
great
honours
,
which
are
to
be
attributed
to
him
,
not
of
the
vnskilfull
and
light
multitude
:
but
of
vertuous
men
that
haue
consideration
of
his
quallitie
,
&
that
doo
not
change
(
as
for
the
moste
parte
the
multitude
dooth
,
following
after
the
fouours
of
Fortune
)
for
that
true
vertue
is
that
which
dooth
confirme
and
establish
States
:
by
the
which
Fortune
béeing
ouercome
,
is
constrained
in
the
end
to
goe
with
him
in
companye
.
IT
is
necessary
that
he
that
will
rule
,
do
not
put
any
confidence
in
the
multitude
:
but
in
his
proper
vertue
,
and
in
his
owne
prudence
and
force
,
or
else
deposing
himselfe
of
his
dignitie
and
Scepter
:
he
spoyle
himselfe
of
all
the
popular
fauours
,
and
retire
himselfe
to
quietnes
and
rest
,
content
with
that
glorye
he
hath
gotten
,
by
dooing
so
greate
a
benefite
for
his
Countrye
.
THe
sinewes
of
Prudence
is
not
to
beléeue
fondely
and
speedily
:
Therfore
before
we
beléeue
,
we
ought
to
consider
well
,
the
circumstances
of
the
thing
,
the
accidentes
,
the
person
and
the
cause
.
The
which
whosoeuer
will
examine
well
:
shall
not
so
easily
fall
into
the
errour
to
beleeue
ouer
lightly
.
VNiuersall
thinges
is
the
mother
and
originall
of
perticular
thinges
,
and
euerye
perticular
thing
is
to
be
found
in
the
vniuersall
,
as
part
in
all
.
And
the
true
knowledge
in
vniuersalities
,
dooth
make
vs
more
easily
resolue
in
our
iudgement
of
perticularities
.
MEn
in
peace
doo
not
supporte
iniuries
,
and
although
manye
times
they
forget
them
:
it
seldome
falles
out
,
but
that
when
occasion
serues
,
the
displeasure
of
receiued
iniuries
:
dooth
awaken
and
quicken
againe
within
their
mindes
.
And
few
are
to
be
found
,
that
although
they
know
they
are
in
the
wrong
,
and
that
,
that
punishment
that
for
some
of
their
offences
is
put
vpon
them
:
they
repute
it
as
though
it
were
iust
.
FOr
the
most
part
a
man
doth
neuer
accuse
him selfe
,
or
neuer
doth
perswade
himself
to
merite
any
punishment
and
chastisement
,
but
rather
reputing
himselfe
for
good
:
doth
holde
it
for
an
assured
thing
that
iniuries
is
doon
vnto
him
,
when
he
is
accused
.
The
which
beleefe
very
rarelye
or
neuer
is
cancelled
out
of
his
minde
,
but
alwaies
remaines
watchfull
,
apt
to
bring
foorth
effects
at
euery
occasion
that
doth
offer
it self
when
they
are
able
to
stand
them
in
stead
.
THere
is
nothing
that
is
more
hurtfull
to
a
Prince
,
or
to
those
enterprises
that
are
to
be
accomplished
:
them
to
beléeue
ouer
easily
,
and
specially
to
beleue
those
,
that
fayning
them selues
to
be
escaped
from
our
enemies
:
endeuour
them selues
with
their
fictions
to
deceiue
〈◊〉
.
For
the
truthe
of
the
thing
is
hid
from
that
man
that
giues
credit
vnto
such
kinde
of
persones
:
which
is
the
capitall
enemye
that
those
haue
,
that
desire
that
their
enterprises
should
succéed
vnto
them
,
accordinge
to
their
draughtes
,
determinations
and
desires
.
WHilst
we
goe
about
to
practise
peace
:
it
is
necessarye
we
be
vigilant
and
carefull
,
and
knowe
how
to
kéep
our selues
from
the
deceites
which
the
enemye
may
set
abroche
and
practise
againste
vs
.
And
this
is
to
be
obserued
not
so
much
of
those
that
beseige
others
:
as
it
is
for
those
that
be
beseiged
.
WHen
Princes
can
not
put
trust
one
in
an
other
,
the
thred
and
order
of
Iustice
and
of
the
right
maner
of
liuing
being
broken
betwixt
them
:
it
falles
out
of
necessity
,
that
they
vse
the
force
of
armes
,
and
indeuour
themselues
to
shewe
their
errour
one
to
the
other
:
either
to
reuenge
themselues
of
their
broken
faith
,
or
reduce
them
that
are
issued
foorth
by
force
vnto
their
duetie
,
and
right
path
of
iustice
:
and
he
that
dooth
not
performe
this
,
shall
become
not
onely
an
enemye
to
the
people
that
are
subiect
to
him
,
but
also
to
himself
:
for
that
besides
his
not
defending
them
,
from
the
inuasions
and
damages
that
they
haue
receiued
,
the
Prince
will
become
in
short
time
ignominius
,
of
small
account
,
&
to
be
despised
of
other
Potentates
,
and
for
that
he
neither
knowes
,
neither
was
of
abilitie
to
preuaile
through
those
receiued
iniuries
,
by
means
of
the
faith
broken
towards
him
,
he
shal
loose
al
his
reputation
and
credit
.
IT
is
the
propertie
of
a
man
that
carries
a
good
minde
,
not
to
break
his
faith
:
but
not
to
know
how
to
preuaile
against
those
that
haue
failed
in
faith
against
them
:
is
a
thing
that
is
proper
to
a
man
of
small
value
,
and
it
is
requisite
for
what
Prince
or
potentate
soeuer
,
sharpely
to
chastice
those
that
doo
not
obserue
faith
,
if
he
be
desirous
to
maintaine
himselfe
in
his
state
,
with
●ame
and
with
reputation
,
the
which
is
lost
wh●n
he
is
in
the
derision
and
dispraise
of
others
.
IT
is
requisite
that
the
Captain
Generall
haue
in
minde
and
know
,
that
he
doo
not
so
much
make
his
Souldiours
obserue
their
faith
towards
him
,
as
also
how
to
knowe
to
obserue
towards
them
:
speciallye
when
he
dooth
promise
the
same
publicklye
,
to
a
multitude
,
wherby
the
same
may
gather
profit
or
riches
,
forsomuch
as
they
become
incensed
in
their
mindes
,
to
perceiue
them-selues
depriued
of
the
promise
,
and
of
their
merited
recompence
,
conuerting
their
loue
into
disdaine
,
and
their
disdaine
into
hate
:
and
it
seeming
vnto
them
,
that
they
are
punished
for
that
,
which
they
ought
to
be
rewarded
for
:
they
seeke
meanes
to
reuenge
themselues
,
breaking
their
faith
against
their
superiours
,
of
whom
they
sée
the
same
vniustly
to
be
broken
,
since
they
perceiue
themselues
depriued
of
the
iust
reward
of
their
trauailes
.
THe
finall
end
of
those
that
moue
any
warres
,
is
to
enrich
themselues
,
and
to
empouerish
the
enemy
▪
neither
for
any
other
occasion
,
victorie
is
so
much
sought
after
,
neither
the
gaining
and
conquest
of
thinges
is
desired
for
any
other
end
,
then
to
make
our selues
mighty
,
and
the
aduersaries
weake
:
wher-vpon
it
followes
,
that
sometimes
either
thy
victorie
dooth
impouerishe
thée
,
or
thy
conquest
make
thée
weake
:
it
falles
out
of
necessitie
,
that
either
he
dooth
ouer-passe
,
or
dooth
not
arriue
to
those
tearmes
and
ends
,
for
the
which
the
warres
are
made
:
but
that
prince
and
that
Common-weale
is
made
rich
by
victories
of
warre
,
which
destroye
the
enemye
:
and
become
Lords
ouer
the
spoyles
,
taxes
,
and
impostes
:
those
are
impouerished
through
victories
,
that
although
he
ouercome
cannot
destroye
the
enemyes
:
and
that
the
spoyles
and
the
taxations
fall
not
to
his
share
,
but
appertain
to
his
souldiours
:
such
a
one
is
vnlucky
in
his
losses
,
and
vnfortunate
in
his
victories
:
for
that
by
losing
,
he
supportes
the
iniuries
the
enemies
haue
made
against
him
,
by
ouercomming
he
supportes
that
which
his
fréendes
doo
against
him
,
the
which
for
that
they
are
lesse
reasonable
,
and
lesse
supportable
,
specially
perceiuing
that
of
necessitie
he
is
constrained
to
burden
his
subiects
with
newe
offences
and
with
taxations
,
and
if
he
haue
in
himself
any
humanitie
,
he
cannot
entirely
reioyce
in
such
a
victorie
:
for
the
which
all
his
subiectes
are
made
sorrowfull
and
become
agréeued
.
THose
are
accustomed
(
that
desire
to
obtaine
any
thing
)
to
assault
with
praiers
,
with
requests
,
with
rewardes
,
and
with
menaces
,
to
the
intent
they
may
be
moued
to
doo
so
much
as
they
are
desired
and
condiscend
to
our
request
,
either
through
mercy
&
pitie
,
or
through
profit
,
or
through
●eare
:
but
the
thrée
foresaid
waies
hauing
no
place
amongst
couetous
and
cruell
men
,
which
are
mightye
according
to
their
own
opinion
.
Those
toyle
and
trouble
them selues
in
vaine
,
which
beleeue
either
with
requests
to
humble
them
or
with
rewardes
to
gaine
them
,
or
with
threatinges
to
astonish
them
.
THose
Cities
are
infortunate
,
which
are
to
defend
their
libertie
againste
the
ambition
of
those
that
would
oppresse
them
:
but
those
are
much
more
vnhappye
,
that
are
constrained
to
defende
them selues
with
the
mercenarye
and
vnfaythfull
weapons
of
forraine
succours
.
THose
that
are
in
hope
that
a
Common
weale
may
be
entirely
vnited
:
are
very
much
deceiued
by
that
hope
,
true
it
is
:
that
some
deuisions
do
harme
a
Common
weale
and
some
doo
benefite
.
Those
which
doo
harme
:
doo
arise
of
factions
and
of
partners
,
banded
&
vnited
together
.
Those
doo
benefite
:
that
without
factions
and
without
partialities
and
parteners
doo
maintaine
them selues
.
Therefore
the
first
institution
of
a
Common
weale
,
not
béeing
able
to
prouide
but
that
there
will
be
discordes
and
enmities
in
a
Citie
:
he
ought
at
the
leastwise
to
prouide
that
there
be
no
factions
.
And
therfore
he
ought
to
knowe
how
Citizens
do
obtain
reputation
two
manner
of
waies
in
a
Citie
,
either
by
publike
meanes
or
by
priuate
meanes
.
Publikly
they
are
obtained
by
ouercomming
a
battaile
,
by
winning
a
Citie
,
by
accomplishinge
an
Ambassage
with
care
and
with
prudence
,
and
by
counselling
the
Common-weale
,
wiselie
and
happilye
.
By
priuate
meanes
it
is
obtained
,
by
benefiting
these
and
those
other
Citizens
,
by
defending
them
from
seueritie
of
Magistrates
,
releeuing
them
with
money
,
aduancing
them
vndeseruedly
to
honours
,
and
with
feastes
and
with
publike
gifts
to
gratifie
the
people
.
By
this
maner
of
procéeding
,
springe
vp
factions
and
partners
,
and
by
how
much
reputation
,
gained
in
this
sorte
dooth
offende
:
by
so
much
it
dooth
helpe
and
benefite
,
when
it
is
not
mixed
with
factions
,
for
that
it
is
grounded
vpon
a
common
benefite
,
and
not
vpon
a
priuate
benefite
,
and
although
that
amongst
such
Citizens
we
cannot
by
any
meanes
so
prouide
,
but
that
there
will
arise
gréeuous
hates
,
neuerthelesse
,
hauing
partners
,
that
through
their
own
proper
profit
,
doo
follow
him
,
they
cannot
be
hurtfull
to
the
Common
weale
:
but
rather
it
will
fall
out
,
that
they
shall
benefite
:
therfore
it
is
necessarie
to
ouercome
their
attemptes
,
that
they
turne
themselues
to
the
exaltation
of
those
,
and
perticularly
holde
certain
obseruations
one
to
another
,
to
the
intent
they
doo
not
ouerpasse
the
ciuill
tearmes
.
THe
Generall
that
would
make
his
Souldiours
obstinate
in
any
charge
and
onsette
,
he
must
not
permitte
them
to
send
home
to
their
houses
,
any
of
their
spoyles
or
riches
,
or
to
lay
them
vp
in
any
place
:
to
the
intent
they
may
vnderstand
,
that
if
flying
away
doo
saue
their
liues
,
yet
will
it
not
saue
their
goods
,
the
loue
whereof
no
lesse
then
that
dooth
make
a
man
obstinate
,
to
stand
to
his
defence
.
IT
is
very
easie
to
perswade
or
disswade
one
thing
to
few
for
that
if
woords
doo
not
suffice
,
we
may
vse
authoritie
:
but
the
difficultie
is
to
remoue
from
a
multitude
any
sinis●er
opinion
which
is
either
contrarye
to
the
common-weale
,
or
else
contrary
to
their
owne
opinion
,
wherein
no
other
meanes
can
be
vsed
,
then
woords
:
the
which
is
conuenient
that
they
should
be
heard
of
all
.
THe
speaches
of
a
Generall
or
of
a
Captaine
,
to
his
Souldiours
,
dooth
take
away
feare
,
dooth
kindle
vp
and
inflame
their
mindes
and
courages
,
dooth
encrease
their
obstination
,
and
resolution
,
doth
discouer
de●●ites
,
dooth
promise
rewards
,
doth
shew
vnto
them
perrils
,
and
the
way
how
to
shun
them
,
dooth
reprehend
,
requ●s●
,
thret●n
,
dooth
fill
with
hope
,
praise
and
dispraise
,
and
dooth
performe
all
those
thinges
,
by
the
which
humain
passions
,
are
e●stinguished
or
are
kindled
vp
.
Therefore
that
Prince
or
common-weale
,
that
hath
an
armie
,
ought
to
acustome
the
souldiers
,
to
haue
their
Captaine
speak
,
and
the
Captain
to
speak
often
to
the
Souldiours
.
THe
best
way
that
a
Generall
or
Captaine
hath
to
cause
his
Souldiours
become
resolute
and
obstinate
in
fight
:
is
to
take
away
from
them
all
hope
to
saue
themselues
,
but
onely
by
ouercomming
:
the
which
resolution
or
obstination
is
also
encreased
through
confidence
,
or
loue
towards
their
Captain
,
or
towards
their
countrye
:
Weapons
,
good
order
,
fresh
victorie
,
and
the
opinion
which
is
had
of
the
Captaine
,
dooth
cause
and
confirme
in
them
confidence
:
nature
doth
bréede
in
them
the
loue
of
their
Cuntrie
,
vertue
more
then
any
other
benefit
,
that
of
the
Captaine
also
there
may
be
many
sorts
of
necessities
,
but
that
is
strongest
which
dooth
constraine
them
either
to
ouercome
or
to
dye
.
A
Cittie
whose
ditches
without
the
same
,
togither
with
counterscarpes
and
other
strengthes
,
be
higher
then
the
walles
of
the
Cittie
:
that
Towne
is
most
weake
,
for
that
those
become
bulwarkes
to
the
enemye
that
dooth
assalt
them
:
and
doth
not
hinder
him
to
endamage
them
,
for
that
easilye
they
may
be
opened
,
and
giue
place
to
his
artillerie
.
NOthing
dooth
giue
more
hope
to
the
enemye
to
be
able
to
inuade
a
Cittie
,
then
to
know
that
the
same
is
not
accustomed
to
see
the
enemy
:
for
that
many
times
through
feare
onely
without
experience
of
force
,
Citties
are
lost
:
Therfore
when
any
Prince
or
other
Captain
dooth
assault
a
Cittie
,
he
ought
to
make
all
his
showes
and
o●●entations
terrible
:
and
that
a
towne
that
is
assaulted
,
ought
to
place
in
that
parte
where
the
enemye
dooth
assault
,
strong
men
,
and
such
as
are
not
terrified
by
opinion
,
but
by
weapons
:
for
if
the
first
attempt
doth
become
vaine
,
it
encreaseth
the
mindes
of
the
besieged
,
and
afterwards
the
enemy
is
forced
to
ouercome
those
that
are
within
the
town
,
with
valour
,
vertue
,
and
reputation
.
GEneralles
and
Captaines
for
two
reasons
are
commended
and
praised
:
the
one
is
,
that
haue
with
an
armie
ordered
by
his
naturall
discipline
,
performed
great
things
:
the
other
is
,
of
those
that
not
onelye
haue
had
to
ouercome
the
enemye
,
but
firste
before
they
come
so
farre
,
haue
beene
of
necessitie
constrained
to
order
,
teach
and
instruct
their
armie
well
,
and
those
without
doubt
do
merite
much
more
praise
,
then
those
haue
deserued
,
that
haue
wrought
vertuously
and
worthily
,
with
these
well
exercised
auntient
armies
.
A
Generall
amongst
all
his
other
actions
,
ought
to
indeuour
himself
with
all
art
,
to
deuide
the
forces
of
his
enemies
,
either
by
making
his
Souldiours
suspected
of
him
,
in
whom
he
trustes
and
puts
confidence
,
or
to
giue
him
occasion
to
seperate
his
people
,
and
by
this
meanes
to
become
more
weake
.
THat
which
aboue
al
other
things
kéeps
an
army
vnited
together
,
is
the
reputation
of
the
Generall
,
the
which
doth
only
arise
of
his
vertue
:
for
that
neither
blood
,
neither
authoritie
doth
neuer
giue
it
him
without
valour
.
THe
firste
thing
that
a
Generall
must
looke
to
performe
,
is
to
kéep
his
Souldiours
punished
and
paide
:
for
when
they
want
their
paye
,
it
falles
out
of
necessitie
,
that
they
must
want
punishment
,
for
that
a
Souldier
cannot
be
corrected
vnlesse
he
be
paied
,
neither
if
the
Souldier
desire
to
liue
,
can
he
abstaine
from
robbing
and
spoyle
,
but
if
he
pay
them
and
not
punishment
,
the
Souldiour
becomes
in
euery
respect
insolent
:
and
the
Generall
growes
to
be
of
small
estimation
:
the
which
being
so
,
he
cannot
maintain
the
dignitie
of
his
degrée
:
and
not
maintaining
the
same
,
tumultes
and
discords
of
necessitie
doo
followe
,
which
are
the
ruine
of
an
armie
.
WHen
either
hunger
or
any
other
naturall
necessitye
,
or
humaine
passion
,
doth
bring
the
enemy
to
his
last
desperation
:
and
pricked
forward
with
the
same
,
dooth
come
to
fight
with
the
General
:
he
ought
to
remain
within
the
lodgings
of
his
camp
,
and
so
much
as
is
in
his
power
,
to
flée
and
shunne
the
charge
and
encounter
of
battaile
.
NO
man
ought
euer
to
performe
any
thing
,
by
means
whereof
without
rememedy
he
dooth
begin
to
loose
his
first
reputation
,
the
which
being
lost
,
it
makes
his
other
orders
and
appointments
to
be
estéemed
lesse
,
and
doth
amaze
those
that
haue
taken
vpon
them
his
defence
.
THe
three
principall
actions
which
an
Army
is
to
performe
,
is
to
marche
,
fight
,
and
lodge
:
and
if
an
Armie
dooth
marche
,
lodge
and
fight
in
good
order
,
and
perfect
practise
:
the
Generall
obtaines
honour
,
although
the
battaile
take
not
good
effect
.
ALthough
a
man
be
of
an
excellent
wit
and
naturall
iudgement
,
yet
is
it
impossible
that
he
should
attaine
vnto
,
and
vnderstand
well
,
certaine
perticulares
:
and
therefore
experience
is
necessarye
,
the
which
nothing
else
dooth
teache
him
,
but
the
practise
of
thinges
:
wherefore
he
that
hath
managed
many
affaires
,
dooth
vnderstand
,
for
that
by
expe●ience
it self
,
he
hath
learned
how
good
,
and
how
much
experience
is
woorth
.
WIthout
doubt
a
Prince
dooth
more
please
,
that
is
prodigall
then
couetous
,
and
neuerthelesse
hee
ought
altogither
to
be
the
contrarye
:
for
the
prodigall
person
is
forced
to
vse
extortions
,
and
rapines
,
and
the
couetous
person
,
dooth
not
take
any
thing
from
any
person
,
besides
that
those
be
of
greater
number
that
suffer
discommoditie
through
the
burdens
of
prodigalitie
,
then
those
that
receiue
benefites
of
his
liberalitie
:
the
reason
is
,
that
amongst
men
hope
is
of
greater
force
,
then
fame
,
and
those
be
of
greater
number
that
hope
to
obtaine
something
at
his
hands
,
then
those
that
feare
to
be
oppressed
.
HE
that
hath
liuing
,
possessions
,
or
goods
in
his
owne
natiue
Countrie
,
and
is
subiect
to
a
bloody
and
beastly
Tirant
,
fewe
rules
that
are
good
can
be
giuen
to
that
man
,
except
to
take
vpon
him
exile
:
but
when
the
tirant
either
through
prudence
,
or
through
necessitie
,
dooth
gouerne
with
respect
:
a
man
that
is
well
qualited
,
ought
to
indeuour
himself
to
be
accounted
of
many
not
couragious
,
but
of
a
quiet
nature
:
and
not
desirous
of
alterations
if
he
be
not
forced
therunto
.
For
that
by
this
means
the
tirant
will
embrace
him
,
and
will
not
goe
about
to
giue
him
cause
to
make
nouelties
,
●he
which
thing
he
would
not
doo
,
when
he
dooth
knowe
him
vnquiet
,
for
that
then
he
thinks
in
any
case
he
will
not
remaine
firme
,
and
is
cons●rained
of
necessitie
to
exstinguish
and
destroy
him
.
IT
is
an
honourable
thing
to
a
man
,
not
to
promise
any
thing
,
but
that
which
he
will
perfourme
:
but
commonly
al
those
to
whom
he
makes
denial
although
iustly
,
remain
euill
satisfied
:
for
that
men
do
not
suffer
themselues
to
be
gouerned
by
reason
.
The
contrary
chaunceth
to
him
that
promiseth
,
for
that
many
cases
doo
occurre
:
by
the
which
,
they
are
not
constrained
to
make
experience
of
that
which
he
hath
promised
:
and
so
he
dooth
satisfie
him
with
his
minde
,
and
yet
if
he
must
performe
the
act
,
they
want
no
excuses
,
and
many
are
so
vndiscrete
,
that
they
suffer
themselues
to
be
compassed
about
with
woords
:
neuerthelesse
it
is
so
foule
a
thing
for
a
man
to
faile
of
his
promise
,
that
he
ought
to
preferre
this
before
any
profit
,
that
maye
be
drawne
of
the
contrarye
:
and
therfore
a
man
ought
to
entertaine
or
temporise
somewhat
with
general
answers
,
and
full
of
good
hopes
,
but
not
in
such
sorte
as
they
may
binde
thée
precizely
.
IT
is
a
commendable
thing
,
that
good
and
valiant
souldiours
in
haughtie
and
hard
enterprises
,
and
in
diffici●e
passages
,
should
exhort
one
an
other
to
doo
well
:
to
the
intent
that
their
not
ouercomming
through
their
negligence
and
passing
their
time
with
ease
,
and
not
making
one
onely
experience
against
their
enemies
of
their
vertue
and
valour
:
should
be
reputed
to
them
for
a
shame
.
And
therefore
they
ought
not
to
expect
that
their
fame
should
be
defamed
,
neither
their
prosperous
fortune
turne
to
a
contrarye
course
:
but
rather
hoysse
vp
their
sayles
,
according
to
the
fréendly
winde
that
blowes
.
THe
Stratagems
and
aduertisements
of
an
olde
Captaine
,
when
they
are
effectuallye
perfourmed
of
his
Souldiours
:
are
as
hurtfull
to
his
enemyes
,
as
the
weapons
which
doo
kill
them
.
IT
is
necessary
that
those
which
consider
of
perrilles
:
doo
firste
of
all
compare
them
amongst
them selues
,
and
afterwards
make
choise
of
the
leaste
:
And
he
that
giues
fauours
,
it
is
requisite
that
he
haue
that
consideration
in
all
thinges
.
WHen
a
people
doo
remaine
without
head
:
and
doo
liue
of
them-selues
:
they
become
lesse
apte
for
the
warres
.
And
if
after
they
returne
vnder
a
head
:
they
are
made
lesse
obedient
,
for
that
they
were
once
frée
,
and
more
apt
to
discordes
amongst
them
,
dooth
forslowe
his
victorie
,
and
often
times
dooth
loose
his
state
.
PRincipalities
when
they
are
instituted
by
olde
men
,
haue
alwayes
had
small
continuance
:
for
that
for
the
most
parte
olde
men
because
they
liue
but
a
small
time
,
either
doo
not
furnish
out
the
planting
of
their
plat
,
or
if
they
doo
plant
it
,
they
leaue
it
with
so
small
&
weake
rootes
,
that
when
that
vertue
&
force
which
did
custome
it
dooth
faile
:
the
first
winde
dooth
bend
downe
and
bow
the
same
.
THere
is
nothing
more
woorthy
in
an
excellent
Prince
,
or
in
a
well
ordered
Common-weale
,
neither
more
profitable
for
a
Prouince
:
then
to
builde
and
edifie
a
newe
Towne
,
whether
men
maye
reduce
them selues
through
the
commoditie
of
de●ence
or
benefite
of
the
fertill
ground
.
For
that
it
makes
the
Countrye
that
is
ouercome
,
more
secure
to
the
vanquishour
:
and
dooth
fill
with
inhabitants
voide
places
,
and
maintaines
men
well
distributed
and
dispearced
in
a
Prouince
,
forsomuch
as
the
inhabitours
multiplying
,
they
be
more
prompt
and
readye
in
their
offences
,
and
more
secure
in
their
defences
.
MEn
doo
neuer
maintain
themselues
in
any
difficultie
if
they
be
not
maintained
through
a
necessitie
:
in
such
sort
as
where
the
feare
of
warres
doth
constrain
them
to
inhabit
willingly
in
rough
and
strong
places
,
that
feare
being
ceased
,
and
being
called
vpon
by
commoditye
:
they
doo
inhabite
more
willingly
,
in
easie
and
domesticall
places
.
THe
gréeuous
and
naturall
discordes
which
are
amongst
the
populare
sorte
and
the
noble
,
being
caused
for
that
the
one
partie
would
commaund
,
and
the
other
for
that
they
would
not
obay
,
are
the
occasions
of
many
euils
that
arise
in
a
Citie
,
for
that
through
this
diuersitie
of
honours
,
all
those
other
thinges
that
disturbe
the
Common-weale
,
take
their
nourishment
.
THat
Citie
which
would
maintain
it selfe
rather
with
factions
then
with
Lawes
,
when
any
one
faction
doth
remaine
in
the
same
without
any
that
oppose
themselues
:
it
is
conuenient
of
necessitie
,
that
the
same
deuide
it selfe
within
it selfe
,
for
that
it
cannot
defend
it selfe
,
from
these
priuate
procéedinges
the
which
the
same
for
his
safety
had
first
instituted
.
WHere
many
doo
erre
,
none
are
corrected
,
small
factes
are
punished
,
the
great
and
gréeuous
are
rewarded
:
and
when
manye
do
suffer
:
fewe
do
goe
about
to
reuenge
them selues
,
for
that
vniuersall
iniuries
are
supported
with
greater
patience
then
those
that
are
perticular
.
FOr
the
moste
parte
all
those
that
attaine
to
riches
and
great
power
,
either
with
fraude
,
either
with
force
,
doo
attaine
vnto
the
same
.
And
after
they
haue
either
with
violence
or
with
deceite
vsurped
those
thinges
,
to
hide
the
filthynes
of
their
getting
:
they
doo
make
honest
the
same
vnder
a
false
tytle
of
gaine
.
And
those
that
through
lack
of
prudence
,
or
through
folly
,
doo
shun
and
flie
these
meanes
:
are
alwaies
ouer-whelmed
in
slauerye
and
pouertie
.
For
that
faithfull
seruants
are
alwaies
conserued
,
and
good
men
alwaies
are
poore
,
and
none
there
be
that
at
any
time
doo
issue
out
of
seruitude
,
but
those
that
be
vnfaithfull
and
shamelesse-hardye
and
forth
of
pouertie
but
those
that
are
rauenous
and
fraudulent
:
for
nature
hath
placed
all
the
fortune
of
men
in
the
midst
of
them
,
the
which
are
subiecte
and
exposed
more
to
rapine
then
to
industrie
,
and
more
to
the
wicked
then
the
good
.
Héerof
it
procéedes
,
that
men
eate
one
an
other
,
and
he
that
may
least
:
goes
to
the
woorst
.
WHere
necessitie
contraryes
,
audacitie
is
iudged
prudence
,
and
couragious
men
neuer
make
account
of
perrill
in
greate
matters
:
for
that
alwayes
those
enterprises
that
begin
with
perril
,
doo
end
with
rewarde
,
and
foorth
of
one
perrill
we
can
neuer
issue
without
an
other
perrill
.
WEl
ordered
Cities
,
that
are
administred
vnder
the
name
of
Common
weales
:
doo
oftentimes
varie
and
change
their
gouernmentes
and
their
states
,
not
by
the
meanes
of
libertye
and
seruitude
as
manye
thinke
:
but
by
the
meanes
of
seruitude
and
licence
.
For
of
libertie
the
name
of
the
ministers
of
licence
,
which
are
the
people
is
celebrated
,
and
that
of
seruitude
,
which
are
the
Nobilitye
is
celebrated
,
euerye
one
of
those
desire
not
to
be
subiect
,
neither
to
the
Lawes
,
neither
vnto
men
:
True
it
is
,
that
when
for
all
that
it
chaunceth
,
that
when
through
the
good
fortune
of
the
Citie
,
there
dooth
arise
in
the
same
,
a
wise
,
good
,
and
mightye
Cittizen
,
by
whome
Lawes
are
instituted
,
by
whom
these
humours
of
the
nobilitie
and
of
the
populare
sorte
are
quieted
,
or
are
restrained
in
such
sort
,
that
they
cannot
woorke
any
euill
:
then
it
comes
to
passe
that
this
Citie
may
be
called
free
,
and
that
●ate
maye
be
called
stable
and
firme
,
for
being
grounded
vpon
good
lawes
and
good
orders
,
it
hath
no
such
necessi●ie
of
the
vertue
of
one
man
,
as
the
others
haue
that
doo
maintaine
the
same
,
manye
auntient
Common-weales
were
endowed
with
like
lawes
and
orders
:
all
those
that
often
in
their
gouernement
haue
changed
and
doo
change
from
a
tiranicall
state
to
a
licentious
state
,
and
from
the
one
to
the
other
,
haue
failed
in
this
:
and
for
that
in
them
through
the
mightye
enemies
that
euerye
one
hath
,
there
neither
is
nor
can
be
any
stabilitie
,
for
that
the
one
dooth
not
please
good
men
,
the
other
doth
displease
wise
men
:
the
one
may
easily
doo
euill
,
the
other
may
doo
good
but
with
great
difficultie
,
in
the
one
insolent
men
haue
ouer-great
authoritie
,
in
the
other
those
that
be
foolish
.
And
it
is
con●enient
that
both
the
one
and
the
other
●e
maintained
by
one
man
through
vertue
and
fortune
,
which
either
through
death
maye
become
lesse
,
or
by
trauaile
become
vnprofitable
.
A
Wise
man
ought
euer
little
to
estéeme
,
to
liue
in
a
Citie
where
lawes
are
of
l●sse
account
then
men
:
for
that
Country
is
to
be
desired
,
in
the
which
we
may
safelye
enioye
our
substaunce
and
our
fréends
,
not
that
where
other
men
may
easily
take
from
vs
that
which
is
ours
,
and
our
●●●ends
,
for
feare
of
their
proper
state
,
doo
abandon
vs
in
〈◊〉
most
necessitie
.
PRouinces
for
the
most
parte
are
accustomed
in
the
chaunges
they
make
,
from
order
to
come
to
disorder
,
and
afterwards
againe
,
from
disorder
to
passe
to
orders
:
for
that
the
affaires
of
this
worlde
being
not
firme
by
nature
,
where
they
arriue
at
their
last
profession
,
not
hauing
wher-vpon
to
ascend
higher
:
it
falles
out
of
necessitie
that
they
discend
,
and
after
they
be
discended
,
and
being
come
by
disorder
to
the
last
step
,
not
being
able
of
necesitie
to
discend
lower
:
it
is
conuenient
that
they
climbe
vp
againe
,
and
so
alwaies
from
the
good
we
discend
to
euill
,
and
from
the
euill
we
ascend
to
good
:
for
that
warres
bringes
quietnes
,
quietnes
brings
idlenes
,
idlenes
engenders
disorder
,
disorder
dooth
ruinate
vs
,
and
likewise
of
●uine
doth
spring
orders
,
of
orders
come
vertue
,
of
vertue
ariseth
glorye
,
and
good
fortune
:
wherefore
of
prudent
persons
it
is
obserued
,
as
letters
come
after
weapons
,
and
that
in
Prouinces
and
Cities
,
Captaines
are
borne
before
Philosophers
,
for
that
the
good
and
well
ordered
wepons
hauing
brought
forth
victories
,
and
victories
brought
quietnes
:
the
fortitude
and
strength
of
armed
mindes
cannot
be
corrupted
with
a
more
honest
idlenes
,
then
which
that
of
le●ters
,
neither
can
idlenes
enter
into
a
well
ordered
Citie
,
with
a
greater
or
more
perrilous
deceite
then
by
letters
:
Prouinces
therefore
come
by
these
meanes
to
ruine
,
whereinto
being
arriued
,
men
by
blowes
being
made
wise
returne
to
orders
,
if
that
alreadye
through
extraordinarye
forces
they
remaine
not
choked
and
deuoured
.
THere
is
not
any
thing
more
hard
then
that
obedience
the
which
we
call
the
denying
of
our selues
,
wherupon
I
cannot
sée
the
occasion
wherfore
we
flée
from
performing
towards
God
that
which
dooth
carrie
our
health
,
and
procure
our selues
to
do
it
towards
men
,
in
things
which
doth
promise
vncertaine
and
small
benefites
,
if
we
will
not
saye
that
this
comes
to
passe
through
the
commonoccasion
of
al
euils
,
that
is
through
our
great
ignorance
&
malice
,
which
dooth
estéeme
of
nothing
but
these
present
and
these
earthly
goods
,
beyond
all
measure
,
and
together
with
the
pleasure
that
many
take
to
deceiue
others
:
but
through
whatsoeuer
occasion
it
dooth
rise
,
it
is
a
great
enemye
to
reputation
.
AN
Armie
being
vanquished
,
the
warres
are
vanquished
,
but
the
townes
being
vanquished
,
and
leauing
the
Armye
entire
:
the
warres
begin
to
be
more
hotte
,
forsomuch
as
that
Armie
which
is
entire
,
maye
recouer
the
Townes
,
the
which
when
they
holde
in
their
handes
,
the
warres
is
not
ouercome
.
HE
is
not
wise
that
dooth
attempt
to
defend
a
thing
that
in
any
case
is
to
be
lost
,
he
may
with
lesse
infamy
and
with
lesse
damage
,
loose
any
state
alone
,
then
to
loose
both
the
state
and
his
monye
.
THere
is
no
man
so
prudent
,
neither
any
man
so
learned
vpon
the
earth
,
but
that
the
greatest
part
of
that
which
he
knowes
is
not
lesse
then
that
which
lyes
hid
vnto
him
,
héerof
it
springes
,
that
if
we
haue
occasion
to
builde
,
we
cal
vnto
vs
cunning
woorkmen
and
architectours
:
if
we
are
to
saile
vpon
the
Seas
,
we
demaund
the
counsell
of
Mariners
:
but
in
matters
of
warre
,
so
much
the
more
diligently
we
ought
to
goe
about
to
performe
this
,
by
how
much
the
perrill
séemes
to
be
greater
:
forsomuch
as
the
harmes
of
other
thinges
séeme
to
be
more
light
,
euerye
want
being
able
to
be
amended
,
but
the
errours
of
warre
,
besides
the
perpetuall
shame
,
doo
carrie
with
them
blowes
,
woundes
,
death
and
destruction
in
a
Common-weale
:
the
which
are
so
extreame
euilles
,
that
they
cannot
be
corrected
nor
shunned
:
and
therefore
in
these
cases
we
ought
to
take
mature
counsell
of
wise
men
,
and
the
aduertisement
of
those
that
are
inueterated
in
Armes
,
and
experimented
in
such
seruice
.
THere
is
no
man
so
rash
and
foolish
hardye
,
that
being
able
to
depresse
and
ouercome
the
enemye
with
a
prudent
prolonging
of
time
,
will
rather
with
a
furious
speede
put
the
victorie
in
doubt
and
hazard
,
which
deferring
and
lingering
,
doth
promise
him
most
certain
:
forsomuch
as
victorie
cannot
be
so
well
gotten
with
an
inconsiderate
spéede
,
as
with
a
prudent
staye
:
and
neither
so
well
in
going
to
finde
the
enemye
at
his
owne
doores
,
as
to
defend
himselfe
within
his
owne
confines
:
and
to
goe
about
rather
to
put
our selues
in
perrill
,
then
ouercome
:
is
the
part
of
an
vnwise
man
,
and
of
one
that
is
more
rash
,
then
couragious
.
WIse
men
haue
not
sought
meanes
and
desired
,
that
faith
should
be
more
obserued
in
any
humain
action
,
then
in
confederacies
:
for
that
,
if
faith
be
broken
amongst
them
which
are
bound
togeather
in
leage
,
what
thing
is
there
that
can
be
accounted
stable
and
entire
in
this
world
?
for
which
respect
the
iudgementes
which
are
made
vpon
other
contentions
,
for
that
they
are
as
it
were
priuate
,
giue
almost
no
other
punishment
then
in
money
,
and
capitall
punishment
:
for
that
the
lawes
do
not
in
any
case
support
integrity
,
that
he
ought
to
be
reputed
for
entire
,
which
is
not
ofentire
faith
towards
his
confederates
.
IN
the
gouernment
of
a
Common-weale
,
euerye
man
dooth
confesse
,
that
we
ought
to
haue
greater
respect
to
honor
,
then
profit
:
for
that
euen
as
a
Citie
is
of
great
estimation
and
reputation
,
so
faith
ought
to
be
pure
and
sincere
.
EUen
as
horses
through
idlenes
&
ouermuch
abundance
of
meate
becomes
vnwildy
and
res●ie
:
so
people
sometimes
through
the
curtesie
and
benignity
of
those
that
gouerne
,
become
insolent
and
proude
,
and
haue
néede
of
force
to
hold
back
the
reines
of
liberty
.
WHen
a
Common-weale
doth
moue
warres
against
a
Prince
,
she
ought
first
to
look
about
her
and
take
care
that
she
be
not
deceiued
with
the
woordes
of
her
enemye
:
besides
that
,
she
ought
to
traine
vp
her
people
,
so
as
they
maye
bee
able
to
resist
the
inuading
force
of
the
enemye
,
and
to
withstand
those
perrilles
which
doo
chaunce
at
vnawares
.
Thirdly
she
ought
to
make
choise
of
prudent
and
well
practised
men
,
who
may
stand
like
Senternelles
and
watch-men
,
attentiue
and
vigilant
for
the
benefite
of
the
Common-weale
:
and
wisely
vnderstand
euery
thing
,
and
with
great
prudence
prouide
for
euery
thing
.
Forthly
,
to
conserue
and
kéep
the
amitie
of
adioyning
Princes
,
yeelding
fauour
to
those
that
haue
néede
:
Last
of
all
to
write
to
the
greatest
Princes
of
the
worlde
,
consulting
with
them
vpon
occurent
causes
.
THe
expences
of
the
warres
are
gréeuous
to
euery
one
,
but
specially
to
the
multitude
,
which
doo
not
foresee
future
perrilles
:
Wherupon
,
euen
vs
Phisitions
vse
oftentimes
●ire
and
iron
,
towards
the
sick
persons
they
gouern
,
and
loose
one
parte
to
saue
the
whole
:
so
ought
the
gouernours
of
the
Common-weale
,
perceiuing
and
foreseeing
future
perrilles
,
constraine
the
people
to
spend
one
part
of
their
goods
,
for
the
conseruation
of
all
the
rest
:
for
that
libertye
being
lost
,
euery
thing
falles
into
the
handes
of
the
Conquerour
,
and
next
dooth
follow
the
infamie
and
shame
of
slauerie
:
the
which
of
worthy
men
ought
to
be
chased
away
,
euen
vnto
death
it selfe
.
THe
people
and
the
vulgare
multitudes
which
doo
not
foresee
future
things
,
doo
firste
feele
and
sée
the
perrilles
before
they
haue
imagined
and
thought
vpon
them
:
but
excellent
men
,
although
they
foresee
perrilles
in
a
populare
Common-weale
,
neither
cannot
nor
dare
not
make
prouision
,
for
when
they
make
demonstration
of
the
perrils
and
perswade
to
vse
remedye
,
immediatly
it
is
saide
they
desire
warres
:
and
make
lawe
and
prohibitions
in
such
sort
that
he
that
would
prouide
for
the
safetie
of
the
Citie
,
there
should
remaine
no
way
for
him
able
to
perfourm
the
same
,
wherupon
it
ariseth
that
making
no
prouision
,
times
doo
poste
awaye
,
but
when
perrilles
are
present
,
and
canot
be
auoyded
,
then
full
of
feare
,
they
consult
what
is
to
be
doon
.
THose
men
are
woorthie
of
very
great
infamie
,
who
not
c●ring
to
be
infamous
,
doo
not
obserue
their
giuen
faith
,
neither
their
promises
they
haue
made
neither
their
sworne
conuentions
.
And
although
euery
breache
of
promise
be
infamous
,
neuertheles
that
is
most
infamous
which
against
capitulacions
of
peace
,
dooth
drawe
warres
after
i●
.
For
if
the
sacred
effectes
of
faith
,
and
the
obseruing
of
othes
be
taken
awaye
:
what
remaines
more
amongste
men
that
is
good
and
godly
,
wherby
one
may
put
trust
in
an
other
?
and
by
which
inconueniences
,
the
common
conuersation
and
companye
of
men
is
broken
.
IT
is
manifeste
to
euery
one
,
that
nature
hath
graunted
not
onely
to
men
,
but
also
vnto
brute
beastes
,
a
certaine
desire
of
libertie
:
to
obtaine
and
keepe
the
which
libertie
,
they
enforce
them selues
with
all
dilligence
and
naturall
industrie
to
performe
all
those
things
that
may
maintain
the
same
in
them
,
and
doo
beare
great
hate
to
all
those
that
they
imagine
to
be
contrary
to
these
their
appetites
.
And
this
is
apparentlye
perceiued
in
those
vnreasonable
creatures
,
which
are
accustomed
to
remain
domestically
bound
who
so
soone
as
they
are
vnloosed
from
them
that
gouerne
them
,
with
actes
and
gestures
make
signe
,
how
gratefull
it
is
vnto
them
to
be
looste
from
those
bondes
and
Chaynes
,
and
that
they
are
able
to
goe
at
libertie
where
they
list
.
And
therfore
if
we
beholde
this
naturall
desire
of
libertie
to
be
in
beastes
,
how
much
more
ought
the
same
to
be
in
men
,
who
God
hath
made
aboue
all
other
creatures
,
most
prudent
and
wise
,
and
hath
endowed
vs
with
reason
and
vnderstanding
,
to
the
intent
that
we
may
follow
the
order
of
nature
,
and
defend
that
libertie
,
then
the
which
there
is
nothing
amongst
men
more
déere
and
of
greater
prise
and
valour
:
And
although
nature
the
mother
of
thinges
hath
graunted
vs
infinite
benefites
,
neuertheles
she
hath
giuen
vs
nothing
,
neither
better
neither
swéeter
then
libertie
.
ALthough
warrs
are
made
and
taken
in
hand
for
many
ocasions
,
neuertheles
there
is
none
more
iust
nor
more
woorthy
of
praise
,
then
that
which
is
taken
in
hand
for
the
defence
of
our
libertie
and
of
our
Country
,
the
which
dooth
containe
in
it
,
our
houses
,
our
Children
,
our
wiues
,
our
fathers
and
mothers
,
riches
,
the
Temples
,
and
finally
euery
humaine
and
deuine
thing
.
THere
be
two
things
in
a
Common-weale
,
the
which
although
by
effect
and
name
they
are
swéete
:
neuertheles
oftentimes
they
haue
beene
an
occasion
of
great
harmes
to
mightie
and
noble
Cities
,
as
peace
and
a
restraint
of
money
foorth
of
the
publike
profit
.
For
that
perrills
being
placed
a
farre
off
or
before
our
eyes
:
either
they
are
not
séene
or
if
they
be
séen
,
whilst
we
do
ouermuch
delight
in
sparing
or
in
peace
,
we
estéeme
them
so
small
,
that
almoste
we
are
brought
into
euery
euident
perrill
,
before
we
will
prouide
for
the
terrible
name
of
warrs
although
we
be
in
manifest
daunger
,
and
all
to
shun
the
odious
name
of
expences
.
A
King
is
no
other
then
a
man
brought
vp
in
deliacies
,
and
as
it
is
accustomed
to
be
said
in
swaddle
clothes
,
and
is
a
man
that
hath
néed
of
a
greate
number
of
officers
and
seruants
.
From
whome
if
his
wonted
seruices
be
taken
away
:
without
dout
he
is
of
lesse
power
then
others
,
forsomuch
as
he
is
not
accustomed
neither
wonted
to
exercise
neither
his
féete
,
neither
his
handes
,
neither
any
other
parte
of
his
body
,
but
to
liue
in
idlenes
.
And
Kings
knowe
better
how
to
commaund
then
to
performe
.
HEe
is
aswell
to
be
reprehended
that
through
basenes
of
minde
dooth
suffer
those
occasions
to
passe
,
wherby
he
might
recouer
his
state
,
assure
the
rest
▪
&
succour
others
vnto
whome
he
is
bound
and
beholden
:
as
on
the
other
side
also
he
that
ouer
boldely
or
ouer
rashly
dooth
commit
all
things
to
fortune
,
where
he
cannot
looke
for
due
&
worthye
recompence
of
his
perrills
and
trauailes
.
WHen
there
be
many
mighty
men
and
Cities
confederate
together
,
it
beeing
conuenient
that
many
heads
should
be
of
one selfe
opinion
:
it
is
impossible
that
they
should
long
maintain
them selues
,
all
of
them
vnited
together
,
or
that
they
should
vse
one selfe
consultation
or
bring
soddainly
things
to
effecte
,
because
they
are
not
of
one selfe
will
and
minde
,
but
rather
euery
one
is
onely
carefull
for
his
owne
proper
profit
.
For
where
mens
mindes
are
disagreeing
:
there
likewise
their
déedes
fall
out
to
be
disagréeable
,
whereof
there
can
neuer
any
thing
that
is
perfecte
arise
.
COuragious
men
ought
neuer
to
make
account
of
perrilles
in
greate
matters
.
Therfore
those
merite
to
be
praised
that
vse
endeuours
,
not
only
to
deliuer
themselues
from
tirannie
:
but
become
vnto
him
that
dooth
aspire
vnto
tirannie
,
so
much
his
superiour
,
that
he
haue
greater
cause
to
be
greeued
and
to
feare
them
:
then
they
him
.
A
Good
Citizen
ought
neuer
to
speake
neither
for
fauour
or
grace
,
neither
through
the
instigation
or
beneuolence
of
others
:
but
onlye
in
respect
of
that
he
knowes
to
be
lawdable
and
best
,
aswell
for
the
particular
as
generall
commoditie
of
all
.
And
neuer
to
perswade
any
thing
but
which
shall
be
as
agréeable
to
God
:
as
in
the
sight
of
men
reasonable
,
iust
,
and
sacred
,
louing
rather
better
the
publike
benefites
and
the
vniuersall
quiet
,
then
his
owne
proper
life
.
THe
end
of
all
enterprises
is
more
vneasie
then
the
beginning
:
for
to
giue
end
to
a
begun
enterprise
,
requires
trauaile
.
And
a
Ship
dooth
fréely
cut
through
the
Seas
,
although
the
windes
doo
not
blowe
prosperously
,
the
Mariners
alwaies
bending
their
sayles
in
such
sorte
,
that
they
goe
forward
vpon
their
voyage
,
but
comming
to
enter
in
to
the
Hauen
:
it
is
necessary
to
haue
prosperous
windes
,
hauing
to
enter
with
their
Ship
in
at
a
straight
passage
.
A
Captain
ought
not
to
comforte
his
Souldiers
,
but
vnto
a
glorious
enterprise
,
for
that
to
comforte
them
to
their
wonted
works
&
actions
is
shamful
,
not
only
to
them
that
are
comforted
,
but
also
to
him
that
dooth
comfort
,
séeking
for
at
the
hands
of
the
Souldiour
,
that
which
he
is
bound
vnto
.
THe
Soules
of
those
warriours
and
valiant
men
,
that
haue
beene
esteemed
and
thought
to
dye
for
their
cuntrye
,
●or
their
Children
,
and
for
their
religion
,
being
disseuered
with
weapons
from
the
bondage
of
their
bodie
:
it
is
no
doubt
but
the
shining
starry
heauens
doth
receiue
them
into
a
most
happie
quiet
mantion
:
and
there
doth
remaine
vpon
earth
some
signe
of
glorye
or
clamour
:
for
that
those
that
dye
by
infirmity
,
do
leaue
behinde
no
memory
of
them
but
he
that
goes
against
his
enemye
,
if
it
chaunce
he
dye
,
glorye
dooth
follow
him
.
HE
that
dooth
serue
his
turne
with
the
benefite
of
traiterie
,
through
the
receiued
grace
,
dooth
take
therein
like
a
Conquerour
suddaine
pleasure
,
and
guided
in
time
to
come
with
a
continuall
suspition
,
at
one
instant
dooth
feare
and
hate
the
traitour
,
although
he
haue
béene
beneficiall
vnto
him
,
and
haue
that
in
himselfe
,
and
proued
the
same
,
haue
afterwards
to
take
héed
and
warily
to
shun
the
signe
of
tradiments
.
ALl
great
facts
are
accustomed
to
be
better
directed
with
good
counselles
,
then
with
celeritie
of
time
:
for
that
,
for
the
most
parte
a
mature
dilation
,
which
with
opportunity
doth
conduct
to
the
end
,
doth
carry
with
it
much
greater
profite
:
but
rash
audacitie
and
ouer-curious
spéed
in
matters
,
when
they
are
not
performed
in
time
conuenient
&
not
ap●
,
hath
cut
off
from
many
the
hope
to
dispatch
any
thing
:
for
that
the
enemy
dooth
more
easily
ouercome
a
multitude
which
as
yet
is
not
in
order
,
then
that
which
with
fewer
people
,
but
well
instructed
and
ordered
,
dooth
come
to
giue
an
onset
,
and
to
fight
.
HAving
not
well
prouided
for
one
warre
▪
and
to
goe
about
to
take
in
hand
another
,
is
a
great
folly
,
for
that
th●se
which
hang
in
ballance
,
and
are
not
intentiue
,
against
one
onely
enemye
,
reason
will
that
they
be
ouercome
by
their
aduersaries
.
TO
raise
vp
in
time
a
Campe
for
any
place
,
hath
directed
and
reduced
many
to
better
fortune
:
but
the
desire
to
doo
some
glorious
act
,
and
that
doth
taste
of
a
valiant
man
:
the
same
being
not
performed
in
time
,
hath
brought
him
rather
into
●lauerye
&
perpetual
dishonour
,
then
made
him
glorious
and
honourable
:
for
that
we
are
not
to
seeke
after
and
follow
the
names
of
things
,
but
rather
are
to
gain
the
commodity
of
them
:
for
that
the
vertue
of
a
man
doth
not
shewe
it selfe
in
thinges
that
are
new
begun
,
but
those
which
are
brought
to
an
ende
doo
make
him
noble
and
famous
.
THe
enemye
dooth
shun
and
flée
those
that
with
a
great
preparation
and
at
one
instant
time
goe
to
assault
him
:
but
those
which
desire
perpetually
to
conserue
their
bodies
and
remaine
far
off
from
the
warres
,
are
soone
ouercome
,
and
made
slaues
:
for
that
it
is
of
great
importance
in
warfare
to
haue
prompt
and
readie
the
willes
of
the
combatants
,
and
when
their
mindes
are
inclined
to
fight
,
they
are
accustomed
to
accomplishe
manye
egregions
victories
and
famous
thinges
,
but
how
small
and
fewe
soeuer
those
valiant
men
and
armed
with
vertues
are
,
yet
they
surpasse
the
great
armies
of
the
enemie
.
THose
do
not
gaine
great
praise
,
that
haue
ouercome
the
lesse
mightye
,
but
those
also
that
with
lesse
preparations
doo
surpasse
the
rest
in
greatnes
of
minde
.
But
to
those
which
of
their
proper
nature
are
very
timerous
,
it
would
fall
out
to
be
a
great
help
to
them
to
be
full
of
courage
and
audacitie
,
for
that
for
the
most
parte
,
all
those
whose
states
depend
vpon
stéele
and
weapons
,
by
despising
perilles
couragiously
,
they
haue
oftentimes
become
victorious
.
WE
maye
more
easilye
breake
and
kill
those
that
of
things
already
doone
,
haue
carried
away
the
victorie
(
if
peraduenture
)
they
are
puffed
vp
&
made
proud
thereby
,
then
those
that
without
thinking
vpon
the
same
,
be
fallen
downe
from
the
same
:
although
they
procéed
with
their
enemies
in
time
to
come
more
timerously
and
doubtfully
:
for
negligence
and
basenes
doo
corrupt
also
those
thinges
that
are
excellently
well
ordered
,
but
trauaile
accompanied
with
care
and
diligence
:
hath
aided
greatly
vnto
manye
,
although
Fortune
hath
béene
contrarye
vnto
them
:
for
that
those
that
with
slothe
and
follye
take
in
hand
any
enterprise
,
are
accustomed
oftentimes
to
weaken
themselues
,
and
to
faile
in
their
forces
,
but
those
that
proceed
in
the
same
with
care
and
with
diligence
,
are
accustomed
to
encreace
marueilously
.
TO
all
those
that
are
borne
,
the
selfe-same
ende
of
life
dooth
not
followe
,
neither
the
very
same
chaunce
and
qualitie
of
death
,
as
in
many
things
it
comes
to
passe
,
men
are
disagréeing
amongst
themselues
:
for
those
that
are
Cowards
and
not
apt
for
the
warre
,
hauing
first
receiued
many
iniuries
,
and
giuen
occasion
to
cause
themselues
to
be
●●outed
of
the
enemy
,
according
to
the
yéeres
that
God
hath
most
ordained
,
they
finishe
and
make
an
end
of
their
destinie
,
the
which
for
al
that
ought
not
to
chaunce
to
worthye
and
valiant
men
,
who
with
vertue
and
with
great
glory
ought
to
finde
the
meanes
to
end
their
liues
.
THose
that
be
rashe
doo
much
more
easilye
obtaine
the
name
of
couragious
,
then
those
that
be
politicke
and
prudent
,
for
that
he
that
dooth
take
vpon
to
performe
anye
enterprise
,
ouer
and
beside
his
duetie
,
through
the
beneuolence
of
any
one
,
vnto
whome
peraduenture
he
seeme
to
be
a
valiant
&
wise
man
,
obtaines
honor
:
but
he
that
prudently
and
with
iudgement
doth
auoide
any
perrill
,
neither
for
all
that
hath
well
performed
those
things
according
to
his
desire
,
he
shal
be
without
doubt
accounted
capable
,
through
the
occurrence
of
the
thing
,
and
if
it
fall
out
according
to
his
minde
and
iudgement
,
it
will
not
seeme
vnto
the
ignorant
that
he
hath
doone
any
thing
of
himselfe
.
HUmaine
thinges
are
sometimes
accustomed
to
deceiue
much
:
for
that
euery
man
being
mortall
,
and
it
séeming
to
euery
one
,
to
be
hardly
apt
for
the
rash
disgraces
of
fortune
,
it
is
necessarye
(
as
reason
will
that
he
cléerly
and
manifestly
sée
his
grosenes
and
insolence
,
and
neuertheles
,
although
he
will
not
,
yet
he
must
needes
be
subiect
to
the
necessitie
of
fortune
.
WE
maye
easilye
fight
with
those
that
are
halfe
dead
with
hunger
,
and
much
sooner
ouercome
the
enemye
with
dearth
and
famine
,
then
with
weapons
,
neither
can
we
cast
more
sharpe
dartes
,
neither
shoote
more
swift
arrowes
against
our
aduersaries
,
then
those
of
long
abstinence
and
fasting
:
the
which
being
a
disease
that
consumeth
force
,
it
is
not
nourished
with
any
other
meat
then
with
want
of
things
to
eate
,
and
the
penury
of
meate
doth
cast
to
the
ground
and
ruinate
the
force
of
weapons
.
THere
is
no
Captaine
so
farre
out
of
his
right
sences
,
or
simple
Souldiour
so
rash
,
that
being
able
to
fight
with
securitie
&
aduauntage
,
will
rather
to
his
losse
and
perrill
attempt
the
chaunce
of
battaile
,
and
that
maye
without
blowes
or
wounds
receiue
victorie
,
will
rather
with
blood
put
his
health
and
safetie
in
doubtfull
hazard
.
EUery
one
knows
how
slolie
and
without
trauaile
they
doo
handle
their
weapons
,
whose
armes
are
consumed
with
fasting
,
and
can
with
great
paine
rule
themselues
:
and
he
cannot
very
well
perfourme
any
thing
with
them
in
battaile
,
that
in
other
exercises
hath
consumed
his
forces
:
and
there
victory
is
spéedilye
obtained
,
where
he
that
is
whole
dooth
fight
with
the
sicke
:
the
strong
,
with
the
weak
,
and
the
aflicted
with
labour
,
with
him
that
hath
neuer
tasted
of
any
trauaile
.
IT
is
an
extreame
follye
to
abandon
with
the
base
minde
of
a
woman
,
and
to
despise
with
a
childish
feare
that
which
is
gained
with
the
minde
of
a
man
,
and
with
the
valour
of
a
Souldier
,
and
to
giue
into
the
hands
of
the
enemye
that
which
he
hath
as
yet
not
gayned
,
together
with
riches
not
hoped
for
,
and
therefore
what
hope
can
be
had
in
them
,
or
how
maye
we
beléeue
that
they
are
to
behaue
themselues
in
armes
,
who
making
the
profession
of
Souldiours
,
are
onely
made
afraide
with
thinking
vpon
warres
,
and
with
the
imagination
of
battailes
:
therefore
is
it
better
to
take
a
glorious
death
,
then
to
desire
to
liue
to
lead
a
shamefull
and
vile
life
,
for
in
a
short
space
of
time
life
dooth
leaue
vs
,
but
shame
dooth
neuer
leaue
vs
,
euen
after
death
:
but
dooth
rather
make
our
shame
so
much
the
longer
and
the
greater
,
by
how
much
our
death
hath
beene
shamefull
and
infamous
.
WHat
signe
of
victorie
can
we
receiue
more
certaine
,
then
before
the
battaile
to
possesse
the
spoyle
,
and
to
occupye
the
enemies
lodginges
before
we
come
to
fight
with
them
:
and
it
is
much
better
to
ouercome
securely
by
putting
the
enemy
in
feare
then
to
put
in
doubt
,
and
hazard
his
safetie
,
with
making
proofe
experience
of
armes
.
THere
is
nothing
more
swéet
to
him
that
is
in
calamitie
then
death
:
and
that
death
is
most
happie
,
which
is
hoped
for
and
desired
,
for
that
she
dooth
not
take
awaye
the
delights
of
time
but
doth
consume
the
vnplesant
taste
of
bitter
and
noysome
things
,
and
as
in
prosperous
things
it
is
good
to
desire
life
,
so
in
aduersitie
it
is
fit
we
call
after
death
.
IT
is
the
parte
and
duetye
of
a
good
Citizen
,
that
he
doo
preserue
himselfe
for
the
benefite
of
the
Common-weal
,
and
beware
that
he
doo
not
harme
without
some
fruit
,
and
he
ought
not
to
leaue
off
and
to
slippe
any
fit
saying
or
act
for
the
commodity
of
his
Countrie
,
yea
if
moreouer
,
he
could
no
otherwise
then
with
his
blood
preserue
it
.
THose
which
haue
a
desire
to
furnish
and
to
obtaine
any
thing
,
are
accustomed
to
differ
in
their
words
and
their
déeds
:
forsomuch
as
they
faine
all
thinges
to
obtain
their
intent
,
but
after
they
haue
once
obtained
it
,
they
do
not
in
any
sorte
abstaine
from
the
fulfilling
of
their
desires
,
and
besides
this
those
that
come
after
doo
alwaies
force
themselues
to
ouerpasse
their
auncestours
in
audacitie
,
thinking
▪
that
the
like
is
small
,
for
that
befoore
it
hath
beene
committed
,
they
choose
that
which
is
vnaccustomed
,
as
if
it
we●e
a
thing
fit
and
worthy
for
them
,
because
it
is
behinde
the
opinion
and
exspectation
of
men
.
THose
that
hunt
after
and
desire
the
gifts
of
liberalitie
,
it
is
necessarye
that
they
prouide
and
force
themselues
that
they
doo
not
lose
the
same
at
the
beginning
:
forsomuch
as
seruitude
doth
alwaies
giue
the
firste
and
chéefest
molestation
.
It
is
a
iust
thing
to
moue
warres
,
because
they
will
not
sustaine
the
same
,
but
he
that
is
once
become
subiect
to
others
,
and
afterwardes
would
rebell
,
dooth
shewe
himself
rather
to
be
a
contumelious
slaue
,
then
a
louer
of
libertye
.
IN
warres
it
dooth
not
onlye
benefite
to
be
store
of
men
,
although
they
be
very
warlicke
:
but
also
it
dooth
benefite
the
small
number
,
if
amongst
them
there
be
force
:
for
those
that
be
few
,
may
easily
set
themselues
in
order
,
and
maye
easilye
help
one
another
:
but
great
armies
are
of
greater
trauaile
to
be
set
in
order
,
and
besides
that
they
carrye
alwaies
with
them
many
vices
of
minde
,
and
those
thinges
that
are
of
valewe
in
prosperitie
,
through
euerye
small
errour
,
are
exstinguished
,
and
become
woorth
nothing
.
EUen
as
it
is
the
act
of
vain-glorious
and
light
men
,
to
become
proud
in
prosperitie
,
so
is
it
the
acte
of
men
of
vile
and
base
mindes
,
to
become
afraide
in
errours
and
aduersities
:
for
he
that
dooth
so
,
dooth
shewe
that
he
hath
no
constancie
at
all
,
&
that
he
is
ouer-lightheaded
,
to
change
himselfe
firste
into
one
parte
,
then
into
another
:
and
that
the
strong
man
of
fortitude
is
he
,
that
dooth
remaine
firme
and
dooth
not
change
:
whose
minde
is
sober
and
quiet
,
euen
in
thinges
that
be
administred
vnluckily
,
to
the
intent
he
may
be
accounted
one selfe
person
in
all
his
actions
,
correcting
errours
with
right
counselles
.
NO
man
at
any
time
vnlesse
he
be
a
vanquishour
,
doth
change
wars
into
peace
:
and
it
is
a
great
folly
to
hope
for
safetie
by
flying
,
and
by
casting
away
his
armes
&
wepons
wher-withall
he
doth
defend
himselfe
,
and
doth
couer
his
owne
proper
bodye
:
and
those
doo
bring
greatest
perrilles
in
a
battaile
,
which
are
most
afraide
,
for
that
audacitie
is
as
it
were
a
most
strong
wall
.
WHen
the
Nobility
gouerns
a
Common-weale
,
that
gouernment
cannot
be
but
good
,
and
cheefelye
when
they
gouerne
by
loue
,
and
ha●e
an
eye
to
the
common
benefite
:
for
that
the
Nobilitie
being
frée
from
the
occupations
of
Artifficers
and
handie-crafts
,
they
may
haue
their
mindes
more
apt
and
turned
to
the
management
of
the
conseruation
of
the
state
:
but
when
contrariwise
the
Nobilitye
haue
their
mindes
blinded
with
some
passions
,
or
corrupted
with
bribes
:
then
iustice
running
into
ruine
,
can
neuer
be
found
quiet
nor
in
tranquilitye
:
and
specialllye
,
turning
that
gouernement
to
the
damage
of
the
people
,
to
the
shame
and
infamie
of
the
Common-weale
.
TO
prepare
for
warres
,
and
at
one
time
not
to
charge
L'erario
,
to
constrain
vnto
warfare
those
that
would
not
endamage
,
to
take
care
of
all
those
things
appertaining
to
peace
and
warres
,
and
to
doo
them
before
the
eyes
of
the
enuious
,
of
those
that
are
partiall
,
and
those
that
are
aduersaries
:
is
a
way
more
difficile
,
then
that
which
a
man
would
beléeue
.
IT
is
not
a
parte
appertaining
to
a
right
Souldiour
,
to
runne
first
to
one
side
,
then
to
another
,
for
vnto
that
captaine
or
Souldiour
that
hath
no
stedfast
faith
:
a
charge
of
importance
,
cannot
be
committed
vnto
his
handes
,
neither
cannot
be
trusted
with
any
strong
place
:
and
therfore
vnto
men
that
be
strong
and
of
valour
,
it
appertayneth
more
to
despise
death
,
then
to
haue
our
life
in
hatred
:
and
oftentimes
those
that
be
vile
and
base
,
are
foreced
either
through
the
tedious
toyle
and
trauaile
,
to
prouide
for
themselues
and
for
their
owne
profit
,
but
vertue
dooth
leaue
nothing
behinde
vnprouided
and
vnexperimented
.
NEcessitie
and
force
goe
oftentimes
before
reason
,
and
chéefelye
in
the
enterprises
of
warres
,
in
the
which
very
rarelye
we
can
be
able
to
determine
and
to
assemble
times
,
forsomuch
as
the
fortune
of
warres
dooth
instruct
euen
those
that
are
ouercome
,
in
the
art
of
warrefare
.
WHat
thing
is
of
greater
disgrace
,
then
to
lament
our selues
of
iniuries
,
and
to
prepare
our selues
to
war
to
our
perrilles
,
and
flying
and
shunning
the
Iudge
,
make
him
our
enemye
?
for
that
the
Iudge
although
he
be
wicked
,
neuerthelesse
dooth
interprete
the
Lawes
,
but
thy
enimye
although
he
be
iust
,
dooth
séeke
thy
death
:
then
therefore
we
ought
to
please
the
Iudge
,
and
defend
our selues
from
our
enemy
:
to
the
intent
he
doo
not
moue
and
raise
vp
our
neighbours
against
vs
:
for
that
by
pleasing
them
,
they
become
more
benigne
,
and
this
is
auoyded
by
standing
aloofe
from
him
.
ALthough
valour
and
vertue
,
be
accustomed
to
be
commended
in
warrefare
:
neuerthelesse
,
Fortune
hath
a
swaye
and
rule
therein
:
but
it
is
conuenient
that
prudent
men
amend
their
faultes
and
errours
,
and
in
prosperitie
to
be
modest
,
for
rude
wittes
become
proude
,
through
any
happye
successe
,
as
though
they
were
not
to
fight
with
men
:
and
those
that
be
weake
through
anye
sinister
chaunce
,
loose
all
hope
without
considering
that
the
successe
of
Warres
doo
easilye
change
:
he
therfore
is
a
most
woorthy
man
,
that
in
aduersities
can
manly
sustaine
the
furies
of
fortune
,
and
dooth
studye
to
amend
his
wants
&
faults
:
but
he
that
is
negligent
,
dooth
fall
oftentimes
in
his
rising
,
and
running
headlong
,
goes
altogiter
into
ruine
:
but
if
this
oftentimes
fall
out
where
onelye
vertue
is
,
how
much
more
in
warres
:
where
the
Squadrons
are
of
sundrye
generations
,
their
mindes
and
their
willes
sundrye
,
the
place
contrarye
,
the
raggednes
therof
difficile
,
and
the
space
of
ground
straite
to
fight
in
,
in
which
thinges
fortune
is
of
greater
force
then
vertue
.
WHen
a
Citizen
perswading
publicke
benefites
,
dooth
not
shewe
therein
any
passion
,
in
applying
himselfe
to
priuate
benefites
,
he
dooth
easilye
encline
the
mindes
of
the
hearers
,
to
all
that
which
he
desires
,
but
when
in
perswading
publick
benefites
it
séemes
he
hath
a
meaning
to
procure
some
priuate
commoditie
,
or
his
owne
profite
:
he
doth
not
so
easily
bow
and
make
fauourable
the
mindes
of
them
that
heare
him
.
IT
is
a
more
filthye
and
infamous
thing
to
those
that
are
in
anye
dignitye
,
to
gaine
with
fraude
and
with
deceite
:
then
by
manifest
and
open
violence
,
for
violence
by
all
reason
proceedes
from
the
power
which
fortune
hath
giuen
vnto
some
:
but
deceite
,
from
the
snares
of
an
vniust
minde
.
THat
wise
Captain
which
with
a
good
,
vigilant
and
prudent
eye
,
hath
in
consideration
the
enemies
erroures
,
and
dooth
dispose
himselfe
to
assault
them
hottelye
and
couragiously
:
not
in
equall
battaile
,
or
at
an
appointed
time
,
not
with
like
wil
,
but
according
as
he
shall
sée
his
aduauntage
,
he
dooth
obtaine
victorie
for
the
most
parte
.
I
Make
my
account
,
that
that
Citie
which
departes
from
the
exercise
of
busines
,
and
giues
it selfe
to
idlenes
,
will
soone
runne
into
ruine
:
and
that
those
men
amongst
all
the
rest
liue
in
greatest
securitie
,
that
vsing
the
present
lawes
,
although
they
were
lesse
good
,
,
without
any
contention
,
doo
gouerne
their
Common-weale
,
without
strife
and
discorde
.
IN
those
cases
that
may
endamage
a
Common-weale
,
it
is
better
to
remaine
prouided
to
defend
them
,
then
to
expect
to
make
prouision
when
they
are
come
:
and
in
all
matters
of
warre
,
it
is
better
to
feare
,
then
to
dispraise
:
for
that
feare
makes
wise
men
to
be
alwaies
prouided
,
and
despising
for
the
most
parte
dooth
bring
vs
vnto
those
ends
that
are
neither
desired
nor
beléeued
.
EUerye
well
ordered
Common-weale
,
ought
to
proceede
faire
and
easily
to
banish
a
man
foorth
of
his
house
,
and
to
send
him
into
exile
:
who
through
his
vertue
or
through
his
fauour
,
either
with
his
owne
or
with
forraine
strangers
,
may
be
embraced
of
his
enemies
,
and
that
may
more
hurt
them
being
banished
,
then
he
could
benefite
,
being
at
home
in
his
owne
house
.
FOr
that
it
is
a
perrillous
thing
to
tell
the
trueth
vnto
Princes
,
and
speciallye
in
those
thinges
,
that
they
are
resolutely
determined
to
doo
,
esteeming
them
for
good
:
therefore
it
sil●ome
comes
to
passe
,
that
they
are
well
councelled
,
and
as
they
ought
to
be
:
forasmuch
as
if
they
tell
the
trueth
,
he
becomes
their
enemy
:
if
they
flatter
,
he
obtaines
their
grace
:
and
flatterye
is
more
secure
then
veritie
.
IF
the
opinion
and
iudgements
that
be
contrary
amongst
themselues
:
be
not
well
examined
and
discussed
,
we
cannot
so
easily
make
choise
of
the
best
parte
,
but
it
is
conuenient
to
vse
that
which
is
first
reported
:
but
when
many
do
alleadge
that
which
euery
one
dooth
beléeue
to
be
best
,
we
maye
make
choice
thereof
,
as
we
would
doo
of
golde
that
dooth
glister
of
it selfe
:
and
being
put
to
the
touch
,
is
discearned
whither
it
be
pure
or
not
.
ALl
the
gaine
of
great
enterprises
,
dooth
consist
in
good
counsell
,
and
although
some
froward
hap
doo
chaunce
against
all
counsell
this
comes
to
passe
,
for
that
Fortune
dooth
ouercome
our
prouidence
,
but
hee
that
dooth
take
naughty
counsell
,
(
although
it
succeede
happily
)
is
woorthy
of
blame
,
for
verye
sildome
to
the
deuices
of
euill
counsell
dooth
succeed
prosperous
endes
.
A
Good
counsellour
ought
neuer
to
hide
the
trueth
,
although
it
turn
to
the
preiudice
of
his
life
:
for
it
is
better
for
him
to
loose
his
life
,
then
to
kéepe
secret
a
good
counsell
:
for
that
the
end
of
things
will
make
manifest
of
what
minde
he
was
that
did
wiselye
giue
counsell
,
and
who
did
speak
things
to
please
the
Prince
,
to
flatter
him
:
and
it
wil
then
followe
,
that
the
good
counsellour
will
be
better
beloued
being
so
dead
,
then
the
flatterer
shall
be
esteemed
,
that
remaines
liuing
.
MAnye
chaunces
in
warrefare
make
men
beleeue
,
that
men
constrained
of
necessitie
,
procéed
much
farther
than
their
proper
courage
,
and
naturall
force
dooth
beare
:
and
héerby
it
comes
to
passe
,
that
many
after
the
ouer-throwe
constrained
to
begin
a
new
battaile
,
haue
ouerthrown
the
vanquishours
.
THose
which
haue
their
life
in
gifte
of
the
enemye
,
and
accustomed
oftentimes
to
dye
with
miserie
and
with
shame
:
and
contrariwise
all
those
that
consider
that
the
law
of
death
is
common
to
all
,
without
hauing
to
fighting
combate
,
or
any
other
perrill
:
they
goe
to
encounter
an
honorable
death
:
&
such
as
those
haue
I
euer
seene
,
arriue
to
a
goodly
olde
age
,
and
during
their
life
,
alwaies
to
manage
honorable
enterprises
,
and
such
as
were
ful
of
great
praise
and
fame
.
IT
sildom
comes
to
passe
that
any
good
counsel
should
not
generally
be
accepted
of
all
:
for
that
our
vnderstanding
being
by
nature
giuen
to
settle
and
staye
it selfe
in
true
thinges
,
or
that
haue
great
apparence
of
trueth
,
it
is
requisite
that
they
should
embrace
right
counselles
for
good
and
true
.
THe
speach
of
a
light
and
of
an
inconstant
person
,
is
reputed
vnprofitable
and
vaine
who
dooth
vnconsideratly
runne
here
and
there
without
any
reputation
or
honor
.
Contrariwise
when
it
is
knowne
that
any
one
dooth
carry
greate
respecte
to
his
faith
:
his
speache
when
he
dooth
desire
,
praye
or
make
request
,
is
much
more
woorth
then
the
force
of
any
other
.
And
the
same
chanceth
when
he
would
cause
any
one
to
returne
to
his
obedience
,
he
dooth
farre
more
basely
obtaine
his
desire
with
woordes
,
then
an
other
with
déedes
,
and
his
threatnings
haue
more
force
then
other
meanes
,
executions
and
punishments
:
and
he
dooth
bring
foorth
greater
frute
by
promising
,
then
any
other
by
giuing
.
NO
man
that
dooth
gouerne
and
rule
others
:
can
haue
neither
a
more
godlye
neither
a
more
honourable
riches
then
vertue
,
iustice
,
and
the
magnanimitie
of
minde
:
The
which
if
any
one
haue
hauing
together
with
the
same
greate
numbers
of
fr●end●●
▪
and
trustie
faithfull
persons
:
h●e
can
not
but
be
verye
rich
,
neither
shall
he
want
anye
persons
that
shall
reioyce
with
him
in
his
prosperitie
,
and
who
in
the
time
of
aduersse
fortune
,
will
conuersse
with
him
,
helpe
him
and
succour
him
.
IT
is
no
doubte
but
that
the
couetousnes
of
Princes
Officers
,
be
apte
and
sufficient
,
to
make
their
goodnes
and
bountie
infamous
.
For
that
Princes
when
they
make
warres
,
not
béeing
able
for
the
moste
parte
to
be
there
in
personne
:
of
force
they
must
put
trust
in
their
Officers
and
Commissaryes
of
their
Campe
.
Who
beleeuing
that
the
Souldiours
,
may
be
driuen
off
and
entertayned
with
fayre
woordes
and
greate
hopes
:
retaines
those
payes
which
Princes
doo
send
to
the
Armye
to
paye
the
Souldiours
.
NOt
onely
the
Common-weales
,
but
also
priuate
men
ought
of
necessitie
,
by
how
much
the
more
they
florish
in
forces
:
by
so
much
the
more
to
procure
themselues
those
things
,
which
at
some
time
maye
turne
to
their
profit
,
to
the
intent
that
when
occasion
and
néed
requires
,
they
may
haue
a
defence
wherewithall
to
help
themselues
.
HE
that
desires
to
ouercome
,
ought
not
to
put
himselfe
in
flight
:
for
victorie
is
not
gained
with
our
shoulders
but
with
our
hands
:
&
euery
victorie
merites
to
be
praised
in
euery
place
,
but
that
which
is
shewed
&
séene
in
warres
is
woorthy
to
be
celebrated
and
lift
vp
euen
vnto
heauen
,
for
that
the
same
is
visible
,
and
doth
shine
in
the
middest
of
so
many
perrilles
,
no
lesse
then
golde
in
the
midst
of
a
hot
flaming
fire
.
FRom
the
beginning
of
the
world
it
hath
béen
instituted
for
a
lawe
,
that
Cities
taken
by
warres
,
should
appertaine
to
the
conquerours
:
and
besides
this
,
the
men
,
the
money
,
and
what
thing
soeuer
else
is
within
the
Citie
,
to
be
a
reward
of
the
victorie
.
MEn
estéeme
it
a
great
thing
to
gaine
Empire
,
but
much
greater
it
is
to
kéepe
it
after
that
it
is
gotten
:
for
that
we
oftentimes
sée
,
that
manye
through
audacitye
and
fortune
may
take
a
Kingdome
,
but
not
maintain
it
:
whilste
it
is
gained
with
much
diligence
and
care
,
without
Prudence
and
Temperance
.
THe
proportion
or
the
name
dooth
not
make
anye
man
freend
or
enemye
:
but
the
good
or
euill
which
we
reap
of
things
,
dooth
make
them
freends
or
enemies
:
louing
th●se
that
bring
vs
good
,
and
hating
those
that
bring
vs
euill
:
neither
haue
men
planted
this
lawe
,
neither
haue
we
taken
it
from
any
of
our
predicessours
,
but
nature
doth
teach
it
vs
:
and
for
this
rispect
,
we
leaue
our
fréendes
when
they
offend
vs
▪
and
embrace
our
enemies
when
they
doo
benefite
vs
:
and
that
Citie
which
hath
engendred
vs
,
we
loue
it
when
it
dooth
well
,
and
dispraise
it
when
it
shewes
the
contrarie
,
and
dooth
euill
:
and
this
falles
not
out
by
reason
of
the
place
where
it
is
set
:
but
through
the
damage
or
through
the
proffite
which
chaunceth
to
be
perfourmed
by
the
same
,
neither
dooth
it
chaunce
only
to
priuate
persons
,
to
haue
such
opinion
of
euery
of
these
thinges
,
but
also
vnto
all
Cities
and
vnto
all
people
.
Demaunde
nothing
but
that
which
is
according
to
the
deuine
lawes
,
neither
doo
any
thing
out
of
the
common
iustification
of
men
.
THat
Captaine
which
dooth
thinke
that
he
can
with
woordes
,
make
those
men
couragious
,
which
neuer
haue
seene
the
enemie
in
the
face
:
dooth
greatly
deceiue
him selfe
.
Wherefore
in
enterprises
of
importance
,
it
is
no
wisedome
to
set
an
Armye
of
young
and
vnexpert
Souldiours
,
in
the
face
of
a
Campe
of
olde
tryed
Souldiers
.
For
although
the
General
be
most
valiant
and
prudent
,
neuertheles
he
cannot
with
securitie
serue
his
turne
with
those
that
haue
small
practise
in
warfare
.
THe
troupes
and
great
multitudes
of
people
,
are
very
easie
to
be
deceiued
and
perswaded
any
thing
.
Unto
whome
it
oftentimes
chaunceth
the
same
that
it
dooth
vnto
the
Sea
:
For
euen
as
the
Sea
by
his
nature
dooth
no
hurt
to
those
that
vse
it
well
:
but
if
it
be
tossed
with
furious
windes
,
it
becomes
like
to
the
windes
wherwithall
it
is
tumbled
on
euery
side
.
So
likewise
the
multitude
becomes
like
to
those
that
manage
them
which
are
their
Captains
and
counsellers
.
TO
me
it
séemes
that
Hauen
townes
are
much
liker
to
Shippes
then
to
the
Land
or
shore
:
for
they
haue
in
them
a
continuall
concourse
and
greate
aboundaunce
of
Marchants
,
but
that
which
is
gathered
and
reaped
of
the
frutes
of
the
earth
and
by
the
worke
and
industrie
of
Artificers
,
is
more
sure
and
dooth
continue
longer
.
For
this
occasion
,
the
auncient
Empires
for
the
most
parte
,
were
farre
off
from
the
Seaes
,
and
therefore
they
did
encrease
and
endure
long
.
ENuye
amongste
Captaines
hath
alwayes
béene
an
occasion
to
ruinate
Armyes
,
and
to
destroye
Kingdomes
.
For
that
suffring
them selues
to
be
caryed
away
with
passions
,
they
vse
not
their
counselles
for
the
common
proffit
but
according
to
the
euill
disposition
of
their
mindes
,
whervpon
it
followes
,
that
those
which
haue
giuen
good
counsell
,
be
despised
,
and
afterwardes
Princes
by
meanes
of
those
euill
counselles
:
finde
themselues
to
be
depriued
of
their
States
.
ALthough
a
Generall
or
Ambassadour
haue
Commission
of
his
Prince
to
conclude
any
thing
,
neuertheles
he
ought
not
to
take
vpon
him
so
much
authoritie
,
that
therby
their
commission
should
become
rash
or
licencious
:
and
cheefly
when
in
the
managing
of
things
there
is
some
point
that
may
doo
hurt
to
the
honour
of
his
prudence
,
the
which
thing
the
Ambassadour
ought
not
to
ratifie
,
neither
to
accepte
anye
thinge
,
before
he
haue
aduertised
his
Prince
thereof
.
IT
is
no
safetie
for
a
frée
Citie
,
to
fauour
any
parte
,
where
two
Princes
that
are
neighboures
make
warres
together
.
And
also
to
stande
in
the
midst
and
kéepe
a
meane
,
dooth
not
bring
with
it
greate
securitie
,
for
that
these
two
Princes
at
the
last
maye
agree
together
to
ruinate
them
,
whilste
thou
hast
béene
neither
freende
to
the
one
nor
to
the
other
.
IT
comes
to
passe
of
necessitie
,
that
those
that
possesse
any
thing
,
should
be
laid
in
waite
for
by
many
.
Therfore
it
is
good
that
he
preuent
the
snares
of
his
enemyes
,
to
the
intent
that
those
that
doo
repose
themselues
in
their
owne
proper
goodes
,
should
not
fall
into
those
daungers
like
vnto
those
that
through
ouermuche
aboundaunce
doo
mooue
warres
.
NO
fréend
doth
differ
from
an
enemie
by
nature
,
which
is
common
to
euery
one
,
but
by
customes
and
by
déeds
.
The
which
being
good
,
makes
euery
stranger
séem
to
be
his
neighbour
&
familiar
,
but
being
wicked
:
makes
euery
man
although
a
neighbour
,
to
become
a
stranger
.
NAture
hath
appointed
it
to
be
healthfull
and
necessary
to
man
,
that
some
should
be
rulde
and
gouerned
,
and
it
is
impossible
that
without
this
order
,
anye
thing
should
perseuere
and
go
forward
any
long
time
,
and
it
is
a
conuenient
thing
that
one
that
is
ruler
ouer
another
,
haue
care
ouer
conuenient
thinges
,
and
to
comaund
,
but
he
that
is
subiect
,
it
appertaines
vnto
him
to
be
obedient
without
any
excuse
,
and
to
execute
diligentlye
that
which
is
commaunded
him
.
ALthough
iniuries
be
doone
vnto
a
man
,
yet
for
all
that
he
dooth
not
euer
lye
vnder
:
neither
he
that
is
superiour
in
power
is
alwaies
a
vanquishour
,
but
the
one
&
the
other
are
subiect
to
humaine
instabilities
and
the
vncertaintie
of
Fortune
:
and
oftentimes
the
ends
doo
not
succéed
according
to
the
hopes
that
we
haue
,
but
quite
against
their
thoughts
and
imaginations
.
THat
man
becomes
terrible
,
that
either
is
iniuried
or
reputes
himselfe
to
be
iniuried
,
and
verye
many
times
besides
his
force
,
he
puts
himselfe
into
perrilles
,
carrying
this
minde
,
that
either
he
will
ouercome
or
not
loose
,
without
drawing
bloode
of
the
enemye
:
and
they
sometimes
are
vanquishours
,
and
sometimes
are
ouercome
:
and
now
equall
in
power
,
now
inferiour
:
it
falles
out
that
some
dye
altogither
and
some
other
obtaine
the
victorie
of
Cadmus
.
WHen
discordes
beginne
amongst
any
that
indeuour
themselues
to
resist
violence
with
violence
,
and
knowe
not
that
reuenge
cannot
be
made
with
equitie
and
humanitie
,
but
according
to
the
appetite
and
licence
which
they
take
through
weapons
:
it
comes
to
passe
that
they
make
a
circuler
&
winding
compasse
of
euils
,
without
end
and
it
comes
that
there
is
successiuely
made
a
resolution
of
crueltie
:
for
that
he
that
is
vanquishour
,
dooth
abound
in
iniuries
,
&
giues
no
end
to
his
doing
euil
,
and
he
that
is
disgraced
through
the
displesure
and
wrath
of
his
mizerie
,
if
in
the
beginning
he
be
not
altogither
destroyed
,
he
remaines
in
continuall
desire
to
reuenge
himselfe
against
him
that
did
him
iniuries
,
vntill
such
time
as
he
feele
himselfe
satisfied
in
his
minde
:
and
in
like
sorte
the
rest
of
the
multitude
,
although
they
haue
not
béene
pertakers
of
this
thing
,
neuerthelesse
,
through
the
pittie
they
beare
to
him
that
is
ouercome
,
and
through
the
enuye
they
beare
to
the
vanquishour
:
fearing
also
to
suffer
such
like
,
and
hope
they
maye
be
able
to
doo
the
same
to
him
:
and
by
this
meanes
the
one
halfe
of
the
Citizens
are
moued
to
make
sedition
,
and
the
one
and
the
other
succéeds
and
followes
on
to
euil
,
which
is
like
to
a
Circulare
and
legitimate
course
,
hauing
this
occasion
to
reuenge
those
that
haue
béene
oppressed
,
and
although
they
are
priuately
set
free
,
neuerthelesse
euery
way
they
destroy
the
Common-weale
.
THe
instruementes
of
Maiestrates
and
of
armies
is
so
ioyned
and
lincked
with
humaine
imperfections
,
that
they
are
not
apt
for
the
diuinitie
,
as
deuine
worships
are
:
which
raising
vs
from
the
earth
,
makes
vs
to
approche
neere
to
God
himselfe
:
and
consequentlye
dooth
make
vs
more
pertakers
of
his
vertue
,
then
of
any
care
of
worldlye
matters
:
where-upon
dooth
spring
and
arise
good
fame
,
and
after
the
same
,
that
reputation
which
is
holden
in
hyest
degrée
,
drawing
the
mindes
of
the
people
into
a
firme
beleefe
that
we
are
exactly
good
,
not
in
exteriour
actions
,
but
in
inwarde
conscience
:
and
besides
that
inducing
them
to
holde
for
certaine
,
that
we
cannot
erre
,
God
being
vpon
our
side
:
which
likewise
is
an
occasion
that
men
reuerence
vs
with
a
certaine
feare
,
not
to
offend
vs
:
because
they
will
not
offend
together
there
withall
his
diuine
maiestie
.
WHen
we
take
in
hand
any
voyage
,
the
ende
is
,
to
arriue
at
that
place
whither
we
think
to
goe
,
the
midst
or
meane
is
the
way
by
the
which
we
take
our
iourney
:
so
in
our
affaires
we
ought
to
haue
before
our
eyes
,
tw●
considerations
,
the
end
,
and
security
to
arriue
with
satisfaction
,
but
when
vnto
these
two
,
spéede
maye
be
ioyned
:
then
haue
we
fully
all
those
parts
that
appertains
to
perfect
affaires
.
OF
the
two
,
offensiue
warres
is
better
then
the
defenciue
:
for
that
he
that
dooth
assault
,
hath
already
thought
vpon
all
that
which
is
necessarye
for
him
,
and
therefore
he
is
become
thorowlye
resolute
:
but
he
that
is
assaulted
,
is
taken
either
vnprouided
or
prouided
:
the
vnprouided
person
dooth
prepare
&
defend
himselfe
by
force
,
and
without
doubt
hath
infinite
disaduauntages
,
the
which
if
they
come
to
him
through
the
fraud
of
others
,
he
is
excused
:
but
if
he
know
himselfe
to
haue
any
mightye
enemye
,
and
hath
not
forseene
the
same
:
he
is
woorthye
of
blame
,
and
dooth
merite
the
name
of
imprudent
.
He
that
is
prouided
will
likewise
be
accounted
not
verye
wise
,
if
he
haue
not
vsed
all
force
and
diligence
,
to
be
the
first
to
issue
and
break
,
for
that
although
before
the
chaunce
doo
fall
,
it
appeares
that
he
is
furnished
with
so
much
as
is
néedefull
,
yet
vpon
the
déede
dooing
,
great
store
of
wants
discouer
themselues
,
and
with
long
procéeding
and
continuance
,
for
the
most
parte
he
growes
wursse
,
and
to
feele
defects
,
forsomuch
as
he
fals
vnto
the
want
of
Captaines
,
of
Souldiours
,
of
victuales
,
of
artillerie
,
and
of
other
such
like
things
necessarye
for
the
saide
defence
:
the
which
procéeds
because
he
is
not
able
to
woorke
by
entire
frée
choice
and
election
,
and
that
he
is
constrained
to
do
euery
thing
through
méere
necessitie
,
besides
that
his
owne
proper
people
doo
suffer
infinitely
,
with
the
perrill
of
their
totall
ruine
,
and
with
continuall
feare
of
losse
,
without
any
hope
of
gaine
.
THe
counsell
of
a
Prince
compounded
of
diuers
and
sundry
persons
,
is
most
commmended
:
for
many
haue
proued
many
things
,
and
all
consists
in
experience
,
because
the
subiect
is
humaine
actions
,
wherein
we
oftentimes
see
by
proofe
,
that
that
thing
dooth
succéede
and
fall
out
,
which
by
reason
was
not
looked
for
,
and
many
men
,
besides
that
they
haue
seene
much
,
haue
heard
many
things
and
read
much
,
wherby
they
possesse
a
discourse
of
greater
effect
,
and
likewise
because
the
affaires
that
are
consulted
vpon
are
many
and
sundrye
,
therin
is
to
be
required
diuers
and
sundry
iudgementes
:
and
he
that
rules
,
hath
so
huge
a
Machine
vpon
his
shoulders
,
that
he
is
forced
to
haue
many
armes
,
to
lay
hand
vpon
to
helpe
him
to
sustaine
that
heauye
burden
.
THe
counsellour
of
a
Prince
ought
both
to
be
quicke
and
graue
,
to
the
intent
that
by
his
onely
viuacitie
,
he
become
not
vaine
:
and
through
only
grauitie
,
grosse
and
sluggishe
:
being
quick
he
wil
be
vigilant
,
and
if
graue
,
he
wil
be
well
staide
in
himselfe
to
giue
eare
:
and
in
the
act
of
counselling
if
he
be
quicke
,
he
dooth
discouer
difficulties
,
dooth
pearce
and
see
into
them
,
and
dooth
not
loose
the
courage
of
his
minde
,
and
hath
recourse
to
prouision
and
preuention
:
and
if
graue
,
he
examines
and
resolues
feares
,
perrils
,
and
determines
vpon
the
prouisions
:
and
so
viuacitie
makes
him
to
foresée
,
and
grauitie
causeth
him
to
prouide
,
and
he
that
dooth
prouide
,
will
:
and
he
that
dooth
foresee
,
knowes
:
and
he
that
will
and
knowes
,
and
is
not
hindred
,
and
empeched
,
may
put
his
valour
in
execution
:
and
for
that
the
quick
person
is
subtile
and
sharpe
,
and
the
graue
firme
and
mature
:
the
one
dooth
arise
more
by
nature
then
by
experience
,
and
the
other
more
by
experience
then
by
nature●
we
may
say
that
of
viuacity
,
comes
wit
,
and
of
grauity
,
iudgement
wherof
prudence
is
framed
:
and
that
good
waye
and
maner
how
to
vse
the
same
,
which
is
dexteritie
,
so
that
for
the
full
perfection
of
counsell
,
it
is
necessary
that
viuacitye
and
grauitie
doo
concurre
therin
,
the
one
giuing
to
another
reciprocall
helpe
.
COunsell
is
made
of
those
things
that
remaine
alwaies
in
one selfe
forme
,
neither
of
those
that
doo
change
and
are
notorious
,
neither
of
those
which
although
they
be
difficile
,
neuerthelesse
there
remaines
and
rests
not
much
,
but
when
any
case
dooth
fall
out
,
that
hath
manye
shapes
and
cullours
,
so
that
it
may
change
it selfe
in
sundry
sorts
,
and
take
many
formes
,
and
that
it
dooth
importe
much
either
in
apparence
or
in
consequence
,
or
in
the
one
and
the
other
sorte
:
the
which
thing
comes
often
,
for
that
oftentimes
ma●●ers
doo
fall
out
,
which
carrye
with
them
such
doubts
as
are
to
be
had
in
consideration
.
IN
the
gouernment
of
a
free
Citie
,
where
there
is
no
head
that
is
vndoubtedlye
Lord
and
Maister
:
euerye
thing
is
subiect
to
the
lawes
,
but
in
a
Monarchie
men
are
not
bound
vnto
them
,
but
all
that
which
dooth
please
the
Monarch
himselfe
,
becomes
Lawe
in
effect
:
the
which
he
maye
performe
,
either
by
letters
or
by
subscriptions
,
either
by
decrées
,
or
by
woords
,
or
by
edictes
,
or
in
some
other
sort
:
and
euen
as
the
father
of
a
famulye
maye
at
his
pleasure
alter
the
orders
,
that
he
hath
constituted
in
his
house
:
So
a
Prince
hath
so
great
authoritie
ouer
his
subiects
as
he
wil
himselfe
:
and
moreouer
so
much
the
greater
,
by
how
much
the
more
his
power
is
free
:
and
much
more
also
,
for
that
the
same
doth
extend
ouer
all
the
principalls
of
the
houses
,
the
Citie
being
all
,
and
the
house
parte
of
all
.
SInce
it
dooth
chaunce
for
the
most
parte
that
the
people
doo
taste
of
extreame
pouertie
,
and
the
Nobilitye
of
extreame
riches
,
(
in
a
Common-weale
not
well
ordered
)
it
destroyes
the
forme
of
ciuill
gouernment
:
forsomuch
as
those
that
be
extreame
poore
,
vse
industrie
,
to
follow
craft
and
fraude
,
and
those
that
are
very
rich
become
proud
,
insolent
,
and
insupportable
:
and
finallye
seditions
doo
arise
:
the
disorders
of
these
extreams
,
procéeding
so
far
forward
,
that
either
those
of
base
degrée
,
recommend
themselues
to
great
persons
which
are
mightye
,
and
therefore
able
to
giue
them
liuinges
:
or
great
men
goe
about
to
gaine
those
of
mean
and
base
degrée
,
to
make
them
partiall
vnto
them
with
the
occasion
,
by
finding
them
euill
satisfied
,
and
by
hauing
the
meanes
to
entertain
them
,
and
so
they
may
easilye
stirre
vp
tumults
against
the
regall
power
.
THat
Citizen
that
would
be
holden
for
iust
,
it
is
necessarie
,
that
he
know
how
to
distribute
,
euerye
thing
to
all
persons
,
according
to
their
degrées
and
dignities
,
and
that
he
knowe
how
to
defend
the
customes
and
orders
of
his
Countrie
,
to
obserue
the
lawes
,
and
to
be
vpright
in
controuersies
,
and
stand
firme
in
conuentions
.
TO
amend
entirely
the
customes
of
a
Citie
,
to
prouide
for
disorders
,
to
remedie
scandalles
,
to
take
away
abuses
,
to
roote
out
vices
,
to
kéepe
in
safetie
the
people
,
and
to
conduct
and
bring
them
to
a
vertuous
and
happy
life
:
as
it
is
a
thing
of
very
great
importance
,
so
without
doubt
it
is
so
much
more
glorious
and
commendable
.
EUery
man
carries
great
hate
to
those
,
who
towardes
their
benefactors
do
shew
themselues
ingrateful
,
therfore
euen
as
it
is
a
thing
proper
to
authoritie
,
to
nourishe
vs
with
honour
and
praise
,
and
that
since
we
are
thereby
moued
and
inflamed
to
followe
studies
through
the
swéetnes
of
glory
:
so
men
of
hye
spirites
,
if
they
see
the
trauailes
they
haue
taken
for
other
mens
commodities
,
oftentimes
to
be
acknowledged
with
benigne
and
gratefull
mindes
,
they
reioyce
in
their
honest
trauails
,
and
become
pleasant
in
those
perrilles
that
most
terrifie
and
triumph
in
the
midst
of
most
cruell
deaths
,
since
that
with
the
spirite
of
fame
,
they
are
so
noblye
and
worthily
maintained
in
life
,
wherefore
with
great
forwardnes
they
aduenture
their
bodyes
willinglye
,
inticed
through
hope
,
that
the
force
of
benefite
ought
to
remaine
imprinted
in
the
memoryes
of
men
eternally
.
THe
good
qualities
that
are
found
amongst
men
,
are
confirmed
either
by
vertue
,
either
by
long
vse
and
habite
,
or
by
natures
,
carrying
with
them
an
inclination
thervnto
,
euen
from
their
swadles
,
or
by
a
certain
〈◊〉
men
estéeming
by
that
meanes
to
be
able
to
attain
to
some
purpose
or
determined
inuention
:
therefore
it
is
required
in
those
that
seeke
for
honours
,
that
libertye
and
affability
be
in
them
by
nature
,
not
for
that
it
is
not
good
to
obtaine
the
same
vertuously
and
by
election
,
but
for
that
not
being
able
so
well
to
make
iudgement
of
the
inward
partes
of
others
,
sometimes
it
chaunceth
,
that
which
is
doone
by
artificiall
meanes
,
dooth
make
such
a
manner
of
showe
,
that
it
séemes
,
that
it
is
like
vnto
vertue
,
wherby
it
may
easily
deceiue
,
but
nature
dooth
neuer
deceiue
.
HE
that
desires
honours
:
it
is
necessarie
that
he
dispose
himselfe
to
the
matter
long
time
before
,
and
indeuour
himselfe
to
make
euery
one
his
fréend
,
but
aboue
all
:
those
he
knowes
to
be
of
a
good
spirit
,
men
of
traine
and
abilitie
,
and
suche
as
haue
courage
in
them
.
The
occasiones
to
obtaine
freendes
,
dooth
alwayes
springe
and
arise
,
so
that
they
be
taken
in
time
:
and
the
desire
to
take
them
,
ought
to
be
so
much
the
greater
in
like
time
,
by
how
much
more
at
that
instant
,
a
benefit
,
how
little
soeuer
it
be
,
séemes
to
haue
great
force
to
worke
great
effectes
&
parts
of
beneuolence
.
THe
right
practises
to
séeke
to
obtaine
honoures
,
are
those
which
are
accomplished
and
doon
before
the
time
of
the
demaund
.
For
that
the
time
of
paymente
and
debte
being
come
:
those
haue
gained
fréendes
that
freend
them
in
good
earnest
.
Forsomuch
as
those
that
are
gotten
in
that
time
,
that
the
seruice
doon
vnto
them
,
are
perceued
of
them
to
be
doon
for
a
desire
to
please
them
and
not
in
hope
of
rewarde
,
forsomuch
as
pleasures
so
neere
the
payment
,
cannot
be
gratefull
:
neither
receiued
with
good
conscience
.
BEneuolence
sometimes
is
gotten
no
lesse
with
reuerence
and
with
dooing
benefites
,
then
with
receiuing
them
,
and
cheefelye
of
those
that
are
of
greater
power
:
who
for
the
moste
parte
become
fréendes
,
when
they
perceiue
them-selues
to
be
esteemed
,
and
that
confidence
is
put
in
them
,
with
often
séekinge
for
some
pleasures
at
their
handes
that
will
not
be
discommodious
or
gréeuous
vnto
them
.
WHosoeuer
desires
honoures
:
ought
not
to
make
practise
for
the
same
himselfe
:
neuertheles
he
ought
to
receiue
whosoeuer
dooth
speake
vnto
him
,
with
a
gratefull
minde
,
and
retayning
in
himselfe
a
certain
modestie
:
make
showe
alwayes
to
receiue
that
which
is
to
come
,
rather
as
proceeding
of
curtesie
then
for
any
other
of
his
own
merits
:
besides
this
,
let
him
make
signe
that
he
dooth
es●eeme
well
and
déerly
of
what
help
soeuer
is
offred
vnto
him
:
making
showe
that
it
will
be
of
great
importance
for
him
.
Forsomuch
as
euery
one
although
very
meane
and
weake
by
nature
,
makes
great
account
of
it
to
be
estéemed
a
profitable
person
,
and
therfore
that
it
was
his
due
to
haue
had
some
obligacion
of
those
vnto
whome
they
haue
lent
the
same
.
IT
is
necessarie
that
he
that
dooth
demaund
and
seeke
for
honours
,
should
haue
alwaies
his
countenance
and
his
fore-head
open
&
vncouered
:
and
that
he
giue
of
himselfe
,
very
great
expectation
of
benignitie
and
curtesie
,
and
that
he
indeuour
himselfe
to
know
the
nature
,
and
his
disposition
to
profit
that
speakes
with
reasons
,
putting
him
in
manye
hopes
of
his
desire
:
for
he
that
hopes
,
is
much
more
deutifull
&
diligent
then
the
rest
,
this
humanitie
of
woords
is
of
more
power
then
is
able
to
be
spoken
:
and
such
there
hath
been
,
that
neither
desiring
or
knowing
how
to
vse
it
,
haue
lost
goodly
and
great
occasions
.
HE
that
dooth
trauaile
to
make
others
to
obtaine
honours
,
it
is
necessarye
that
he
haue
good
vnderstanding
,
and
better
vtterance
:
for
he
that
hath
naughtye
vtterance
is
,
as
though
he
had
no
vnderstanding
:
Moreouer
,
it
is
requisite
that
he
be
couragious
,
forsomuch
as
sometimes
there
arise
such
accidents
,
that
he
that
can
best
shew
his
force
to
fortitude
,
dooth
remaine
superiour
,
and
this
courage
is
necessary
to
be
accompanied
,
with
greatnes
of
blood
,
with
many
followers
,
and
with
excellent
vertue
,
forsomuch
,
as
whosoeuer
is
courag●ous
without
stay
and
piller
of
some
of
these
qualities
,
shall
perseuer
himselfe
rather
to
be
deri●ed
and
flo●ted
,
and
shall
spoyle
all
,
rather
then
helpe
and
amend
the
matter
.
EUen
as
there
be
sundrye
woorthie
men
,
that
through
their
good
behauiour
and
gentle
cur●esies
,
are
of
estimation
amongst
all
persons
▪
so
there
be
some
others
,
so
spitefull
of
nature
,
that
they
are
hated
of
euerye
one
.
The
firste
,
although
before
that
time
they
haue
not
applyed
themselues
to
the
negotiation
of
affaires
,
yet
may
they
by
the
fauour
of
their
freends
perfourme
many
things
:
and
such
as
these
are
to
be
accounted
for
freends
,
and
so
far
as
we
can
,
we
ought
to
get
and
obtaine
them
,
to
the
intent
to
set
them
a
woork
.
The
second
sort
also
,
are
to
be
estéemed
for
freends
,
but
it
is
not
good
to
vse
them
in
our
affaires
:
forsomuch
as
we
shall
receiue
by
them
more
harmes
,
then
benefites
:
and
that
we
ought
to
doo
with
such
dexteritie
,
that
they
doo
not
perceiue
that
they
are
accounted
for
such
,
for
spitefull
persons
also
are
full
of
wrath
,
and
without
iudgement
dispose
themselues
to
doo
ouerthwartly
,
and
if
they
cannot
harm
vs
otherwise
,
yet
they
will
hurt
vs
with
their
tunges
as
dayly
we
perceiue
by
experience
.
FINIS
.
Deo
Gratias
.
Et
Pace
,
Et
Praelio
.
THis
is
the
end
of
the
first
Booke
,
translated
out
of
Italian
into
English
.
Anno.
1590.