Cornelius Shilander his chirurgerie Contaning a briefe methode for the curing of woundes and ulcers, with an easie manner of drawing oyle out of wound-hearbes, turpentine, guincum and waxe. Translated out of Latin into English, and published for the benefite of all those that are studious in the arte. By S. Hobbes.

Cornelius Shilander his Chirurgerie .

Containing A briefe Methode for the curing of Woundes and Vlcers .

With An easie maner of drawing Oyle out of Wound — Hearbes , Turpentine , Guiacum and Waxe .

Translated out of Latin into English , and published for the benefite of all those that are studious in the Arte.

By S. Hobbes .

printer's or publisher's device SEMPER EADEM CB.

Imprinted at London by R. Iohnes for Cutbert Burbie , and are to be solde at his shop , at the Royall Exchange . 1596.

To the Reader .

HEre hast thou gentle Reader , a briefe and compendious methode of Chirurgerie , compiled by a most excellent Doctor , in maner of a Dialogue , wherein thou maist learne with ease the curation both of Woundes and Vlcers , the vertue and operation of diuers Hearbes , with their preparations for Oyle , with extracting of diuers Oyles , most necessarie and profitable for all true and faithfull professors in the Art of Chirurgery . And although it was not meant at the first , to be published vnto the view of the world , but only for mine owne priuate practise ; yet when I remembred that saying of Cicero , that we are not onlie borne to profite our selues , but our countrie , parentes , and friends . I therefore thought it good to publish it for the benefite of euerie one that is desirous of the Arte. And the rather mooued thereunto , because I see manie that are professors , and allowed in their practise , and yet are scarse able to define of a simple Wound of which sort the worlde is too full , and poore patientes buy their practise at too deere a price : But I leaue them to bee more carefull both in studie and practise . And shal request thee ( gentle Reader ) that whereas this booke is not altogether without imperfections and blemishes , yet if thou curteouslie and friendlie accept of it at this time , it may cause the same hereafter for thy further commoditie to be scoured , and better amended .

Farewell .

A briefe and easie Practise of Chirurgery of Cornelius Shilander .

The first Lecture . Of the Definition of Chirurgerie , and the operation of a Chirurgian . Doctor .

GOe to Chirurgian , tell me what is Chirurgerie ?

Chirurgian .

Chirurgerie is a right orderly taking away of affectes besides Nature , by incision or setting together , and also a healing of Woundes and Vlcers .

Doctor .

Right : but why say you by incision and ioyning togither .

Chirurgian .

In this Arte , there are two partes , Synthesis and Analysis : that is , Composition , and Resolution . By Composition Limmes disioynted are setled into their former seate . But by Analysis or Resolution thinges that were ioyned are diuided as commeth to passe in Apostumes and ruptured or bursten Bones .

Doctor .

I perceiue you doe briefly touch the two principall partes of Chirurgerie : but further , how doth the Chirurgian cure or heale , where Nature of Hipocrates is said to bee the Physition or healer of diseases :

Chirurgian .

That commeth to passe in a diuerse kind of cause : For Nature alone is the efficient cause of curing , and the Chirurgian is the ministring or keeping cause , for he ministreth Medicines : and to the end Nature may better accomplish her operation , he preserueth her from the iniurie or hurt of the aire .

Doctor .

I know Appollo watereth , but Nature it is that giues the encrease : But what is this Methodicall or right orderlie taking away , whereof you make mention ?

Chirurgion .

That first we digest the matter of the Woundes or Vlcers : And secondarilie , that we mundifie or cleanse the same being digested or concocted .

Doctor .

Wherefore , I pray you ?

Chirurgian .

Because it behooueth to Medicine to mooue thinges that are ripe or concocted : not also the rawe and vndigested , as it is contained in the Aphorisme .

Doctor .

How shal we at length euacuate or voyd out the matter digested ?

Chirurgian .

By Vnguents or Emplaisters on the more declining or lower part : For those thinges that you must drawe foorth , ought to be deriued or drawne whether they shal seeme most chieflie to encline .

Doctor .

Is this then the perfect method of Chirurgians ?

Chirurgian .

Not at all : but of each ones own Method , we shall speak in their proper Lectures .

The second Lecture . Of the Difference of Woundes , and of their curing . Doctor .

WHat is a Wound ?

Chirurgian .

¶ ¶ ¶ A Wound is a Solution of the continuitie , bloudy and fresh or new , viz. latelie made .

Doctor .

What is the cause of the solution of continuitie ?

Chirurgian .

Incision or cutting , which is made with a sword , knife , or such like weapon . Sometimes contusion or bruising , which is made by things blunt , as is a stone , club , timber , &c. And also perforation , boaring or thrusting , which is done with weapons , as a Dart , Launce , or other like sharp pointed thing .

Doctor .

Is not the methode of curing all these alike .

Chirurgian .

Yes trulie .

Doctor .

I pray you shew it .

Chirurgian

The wound being offered to cure , the blood is not forthwith to be stopped , but suffered to issue foorth by little and little , till the boyling heat of the blood caused of anger , or some great trouble of mind , be quieted or calmed .

Doctor .

Thinke you then that the vntimely stopping of the blood may breed annoyance ?

Chirurgian .

Yes marie : for by Wounds are things hurtfull purged out , euen in a maner , as by Phlebotomy or cutting of a vain .

Doctor .

In the meane time whiles the blood issueth out from the wounded person , what must be giuen him being angred or sorely mooued .

Chirurgian .

Those thinges that are woont to quench the hotnesse and Ebulation of the bloud , such as are accustomed of the Physitions to be prescribed .

Doctor .

And what is that ?

Chirurgian .

The Gumme of Elennium decocted in Rhennish wine .

Doctor .

Trulie that Gumme is marueillous , for it digesteth , mundifieth , and incarnates , and that specially in wounds of the head .

Chirurgian .

So it is that in manie green Wounds , Chirurgians are found that vse this alone , to whome all things succeed according to their desire .

Doctor .

I pray you let me heare the composition of Emplastrum Sticticum , as you make it .

Chirurgian .

It is compounded in this maner . Empl. Sticticum . Recip . Ol. Oliuarum . ℥ . vj. Cera . ℥ . j. s. Quib. liquefactis . ℥ ij . Adde Liturgirii . ℥ ij . Amoniaci . An. ℥ s. Bdellii . An. ℥ s. Galbani . An. ʒ ij . Opoponacis . An. ʒ ij . Aristolochi rot . An. ʒ ij . Calaminaris . An. ʒ ij . Mirrhae . An. ʒ ij . Thuris . An. ʒ ij . Ol. Laurinii . . ʒ ij . Resina abietis . ℥ j.

Let them be boyled to a Consistance , But note , the Amoniac . Bdell . Galbanum , and Oppon . being brayed , ought first to be steiped in Vinigre for a naturall day , and after being dissolued at a soft fire , must be strain'd out .

Doctor .

Very well : That Emplast . ( so God loue mee ) is marueilous both for all Woundes and Vlcers .

Chirurgian .

Without doubt it is most effectual : But note , the wound is to be dressed euery day twise : to wit , the twelfth hower after the applying .

Doctor .

Why so ?

Chirurgian

The vertue thereof vanisheth away , if it sticke any longer to the Wound .

Doctor .

How shall we incarnate the Wound ?

Chirurgian .

By the only applying of this Emplaster , the effect wherof is woonderfull , as well in incarnating , as in digesting and in mundifying .

The third Lecture Of stitching of the lippes of Woundes . Doctor .

IS stitching in wounds vnprofitable then .

Chirurgian .

If the lippes may by Emplasters be vnited , it is vnprofitable , if not it is profitable .

Doctor

Geue the reason therefore .

Chirurgian .

A Chirurgian should bee a follower or Contersector of Nature , but he followes not Nature , while hee stitcheth together the vtter surface with a thredded needle : Note . for shee beginneth her glewing or ioyning of partes together at the inner partes , and so proceedeth leasurerly , till she be come to the extremitie or outmost part of the wound .

Doctor .

Is not this manner of curing obserued of our greene-wound Chirurgians ?

Chirurgian .

No indeed : for they stitch together the vtter parts , and leaue a concauitie or hollow place , wherein the bloud contained is corrupted , for one Wound they make ten : wherupon if any of the Sinewes be hurt with the needle , good God , what griefe and what bitter paine ensueth .

Doctor .

Cure they not rightly then ?

Chirurgian .

They cure rightly in sooth : but it would more prosperously succeed , if they vsed sticeicke plaisters .

Doctor .

I would faine heare of you their methode in curing .

Chirurgian .

Being called to a person that is hurt , they by and by with a thred draw together the lippes of the Wounde , an Orifice left beneath , whereby excrements may be purged : the white of an Egge beaten they take , on a light stuffe , they put it on , leauing it so for a day naturall .

Doctor .

Right : For this stops the fluxe of bloud , asswageth the paine , and keepeth backe Apostemation and Inflammation : But these matters finished , doth all the cause want perill ?

Chirurgian .

No indeed : Howbeit if the same happens without pricking of the Sinew , if Feuers , Spasmes , or other accidentes doe not spring of vntimely stopping the blood , the chiefe part of the labour is taken away .

Doctor

I beleeue verilie hee that hath well begun hath halfe done : but how proceed you the next day after ?

Chirurgian .

The next day , they gentlie annoint the wound it selfe with a feather , dipt in Gum Elenium , and then they lay on Basilicon Magistrale , described of Iohn de Vigo .

Doctor .

The Gum of Elenium Mathiolus saith is a most excellent medicine in the fracture of the Cranium or Braine pan , which like fire , not onlie conglutinateth , but also mundifieth and is incarnatiue .

Chirurgian .

Also the Vnguent Basilicon Magistrale , artificiallie spread , hath a woonderfull vertue digestestiue , with mundifying and asswaging paine , so that amongst all other Vnguents it deserueth the prize .

Doctor .

Doth it so : I pray you then giue vs the description of it .

Chirurgion .

Recip . Ol. Ros . ℥ iij. Vnguent . Basilicon . Magistral . Ol. Mastichs . ℥ j. Pinguid . Vituli , An. ℥ ij . Et Poreines An. ℥ ij . Foli . Plantag , an . p. j. Foli . Periclym , an . p. j. Foli . Betonice , an . p. j. Foli . Pimpinel , an . p. j. Foli . Pilosel . an . p. j. Foli . & Anthos . an . p. j.

A Ciath is a measure of wine contayning ℥ j. ʒ vj ℈ j. of oyle ℥ j s , of honey ℥ ij s . Let them all be beaten together , and boyled with a Ciath of Wine to the consumption : and to the straining thereof , adde of Gum Elenium , ℥ s. Resinae piri , ℥ s. Liturgiri Auri , ℥ j. & Argenti , ℥ j. Minii , ℥ v.

Let them boyle againe till they get a blacke cullour , and let there be added , Refinae Abietis , ℥ ij . Cera alb. q . s .

And let there be made a soft Cerote .

Doctor .

But what if Inflamation come in the meane season !

Chirurgian .

What then ? afterward they haue wherewith they may take the same away .

Doctor .

What is that ?

Chirurgian .

A defensiue with Oyle of Roses alone , or Oyle of Roses with Bole Armoniak , or of Vinigre , with a double potion or quantitie of water .

The fourth Lecture . Of contused Woundes , and the methode of curing them . Doctor .

IN Woundes comming of Contusion or bruising , is the way of proceeding all one and the same ?

Chirurgian .

Not altogether : for least any filth of stone or Wood sticke in them , they are first to be washed with cenuenient liquor .

Doctor .

With what liquor .

Chirurgian .

With the decoction of Wine , of Mirrhe , and then further , the way of curing is all one with the former , the lippes ioyned together , the Wound is to bee emplastred with the white of an Egge : the next day after , it is gentlie to bee annoynted with the Eum of Elenium . And thereupon Basilicon Magistrale is to be applyed , as we haue said .

Doctor .

What if contusion or bruising chanceth without a wound ?

Chirurgian .

Take the White of an Egge vehemently beaten with Oyle of Mirtle , and with the powder of the same . An. ℥ j. on a light stuffe moystned in Vinigre and Water , and squised in the hand : take them and applie them to the part infected , and by Gods grace it will vinish away .

Doctor

What if the Contusion doth continue ?

Chirurg.

Vse often the same medicine , and you shall attaine your desire : I vse Waxe dissolued only , and it falles out well .

The fift Lecture . Of deepe woundes by thrusting in . Doctor .

BY what method are Woundes cured wherein weapons thrust doe sticke still .

Chirurgian .

Before all thinges the weapons are to bee drawne out , and if to the deepnesse of the Wound there fal out a straight Orific . the Wound must be enlarged , and the cure begun , as is said , with Gum Elenium and Basilicon Magistrale .

Doctor .

What if the Wound may not be enlarged ?

Chirurgian .

Then we vse a lotion of Wine , Mirrhe , and salte boyled which iniected with a Syring , purgeth out the corrupt matter , but the member ought to be placed downward , to the end it may the more easilie issue out .

Doctor

I vnderstand : but how may you drawe out weapons , that are hoooked or forked , without endamaging the vaines and Artiers .

Chirurgian .

Drawing forth is by drawing to , that belongeth to weapons of round and long making , or is done by thrusting from or pushing further : by this meanes weapons with barbed heades are drawne out , for when they cannot bee drawne backe , they must needs be thrust out on the contrarie side .

Doctor .

What if they may not be thrust out ?

Chirurg.

The Wound then must suddenly be made wider : For in cases to make delay is nothing safe , or we must vse an hollow and round instrument , which may containe in it selfe the foresaid barbes deuided afore from the flesh .

Doctor .

All things deuised wittily ynough : But if the weapons sticke in the bones , how must a man worke .

Chirurgian .

Let the place be opened with a three cornered incision , and let the Tripan be so set to , that in the compasse of the Arrowe the bone it selfe may be bored with deepe boaring : For most easilie then with instrumentes they with the bone together will be plucked out .

Doctor .

Truelie I confesse this to bee true , so the Weapon be not in some more noble part of the bodie : But if by reason of the Vaines , and Artiers , and Sinewes , the Wound may not be enlarged , or Tripan vsed , what should be done then ?

Chirurgian .

In this & their like , a man must proceed with disgestiues Resolutiues & Attractiues , I will perswade no man to beleeue this , except hee haue seen it by experience or he must vse charming words , whereby without much businesse all kinde of weapons are with two fingers drawne out of the wound .

Doctor

Doe you beleeue that .

Chirurgian .

I would not beleeue it , vnlesse I had seene it .

The sixt Lecture . Of Woundes of the Sinewes , and the easie Methode of curing them . Doctor

GOd graunt that with so few wordes you may determine touching the pricking of Sinewes , or Wounds of the sinewes , to the which Crampes , Feuers , and such like , not without perill of the Patients do ensue .

Chirurgian .

I will dispatch in few wordes if you please .

Doctor .

It pleaseth me marueillous well .

Chirurgian .

The bloud after it hath moderatelie issued out of the Wound , as is aboue said , must be stayed , either by stitching , with the application of an Egge , or Sticticke Emplaster : An Orific . left in the lower part , by which way the excrements may be purged out .

Doctor .

T' is true in all such cures that offereth it selfe first .

Chirurgian

After that , a Defensiue is to be laid on the higher part of the wound , of Oyle of Roses , and Mirtle , An. ℥ j. Oyle of Cammomill , ℥ s. Bole Armoniack , ℥ j. & Cera quod satis est .

Doctor .

These also are common with other Wounds .

Chirurgian .

The day next following wee shall annoint the lippes of the wounde with Resin of Firre , putting thereupon the emplaster Stictick , or the Emplaster described of Vigo , in the chapter of the woundes of the Sinewes .

Doctor .

That disgesteth passing well , asswageth paine , and with an attractiue force cleanseth the wound it selfe .

Chirurgian .

If in such maner of wounds there be great boyling out of impure superfluities with paine , the opening of Vaines , and appeasing of the paine , are also needfull .

Doctor .

Is any thing more to be done ?

Chirurgian .

The due situation of the member is no lesse necessarie , for if the hurte hath hapned in the vpper part of the hand or finger : a table is to be framed , that the Member may be left spread or stretcht out : But if in the lower part , let the hand be halfe clenched and drawn together a little , for so the Sinewes shall the more easily cleaue togither or close .

Doctor .

Giue vs Vigoes Emplaster in prickings of the Nerues .

Chirurgion .

Recip . Ol. Rosarum an . ℥ j Violarum , an . ℥ j Chammomil , Emplastrum pro punctura Neruotum . an . ℥ j Sepi Vitulini . ℥ iij. Anpung . Porc. ℥ j. Pinguid . Gall. an . ℥ s Medul. crur. vittul . an . ℥ s Limbricor . loto in vino , ℥ j. Butyri recentis , ʒ vj. Mucilag . Altheum . l s.

Let them boyle at a soft fire to the consumption of the Mucilage . Adde to the straining , Litargiri aur. an . ʒ x. & Argent . an . ʒ x. Minii . ʒ iij. Cum Cera sufficienti .

Let a Cerote be made , adding in the end of the seething Resina Abietis , ʒ x. Masticis , ℥ s. and let them boyle againe once about .

The seuenth Lecture . Of Woundes of the Head , and the particular cure of them . Doctor .

MVst nothing peculiar be obserued in Woundes of the head .

Chirurgian

If it be without hurt of the Skull , wee Emplaster it with the White of an Egge , and the next day doe annoynt the lippes ( as is said afore ) with applying the plaster of Gum Elenium , or of Betonie ,

Doctor .

What if the Skull be broken ?

Chirurgian .

If that be done without solution of the flesh , so that inwardly there be no rough sharpnesse of the bones , we vse resoluing and drying medicines , wherby the moysture of blood between the skul & Dura mater may be resolued & dried vp .

Doctor .

Not without cause verily : for blood poured or issued out of the vessels , as the vaines at length putrifieth , and corrodeth or fretteth the nigher parts , therfore of dissoluing it , consideration must first be had , but wherwith is that brought to passe .

Chirurg.

With Emplasters that we apply to the head shauen , or pouders which we giue them to drinke with waters proper for that purpose .

Doctor

And what maner Emplaster is that ?

Chirurgian .

It is an Emplaster of Vigo , which is compounded thus Recip . Furfuris exsiccati & Triturati . l s. A plaister to dissolue congealed blood Farina Fabarum . ℥ viij . Rosarum & Mirtilorum . An. ℥ j. Cammomill . & Mileloti , an . M. j. Stecados . Squinanti , An. p. j. Coriandri . Anissi . anʒ . vi . Betonica . Periclemini , Anethi , An. M. s. Absinthi . M. ij .

All these being brayed with branne and sope sufficient , and a small quantity of sweet smelling wine : Let them boile to thicknesse , adding in the end of the seething , Olei Chamomeli , An. ℥ ij s. Anethi , Rosarum . An. ℥ ij s. Myrthini . An. ℥ ij s. Croci , ʒ j. Cera alb . ℥ ij .

Let them boyle againe a gallop , and be stirred with a stick while it shal be warme : adde therto Calami Aromaticiʒ x.

Doctor .

Declare now the pouder that hath the power to dissolue the inward congeled clods of blood .

Chirurg.

Recip . Rheabarb . electi . ʒ ij . A powder to dissolue congealed blood Mumiae . Syncer , ʒ s. Lacce Rubr. Sperm . Ceti . An. ʒ j. Boli Armen . an . ʒ s Ter. sigill . an . ʒ s Radic . Hirundinaria , ʒ iij.

Make a fine pouder , and let it be giuen with Aqua Tilia .

Doctor .

Must we not vse the Tripan then sometimes .

Chirurgian .

Yes vse it , but in two cases only .

Doctor .

What I pray you ?

Chirurgian .

While the pricking of Dura mater . by the Asperities of the skull is felt , or while a peece of the bone stickes between the skull and Dura mater . For wheras these may not be concocted by the ayde neither of Nature , nor of medicine , the administring of the Tripan is requisite .

Doctor .

When must it be Tripaned ?

Chirurgian

Sometimes the first day , sometimes the second , and sometimes the third , according as the accidentes are grieuous or light .

Doctor .

You say true : But the Skull opened , what harme shall the Dura mater . suffer of the iniurie of the aire .

Chirurgian .

That this may be auoyded , we apply the Tripan in an hot place , closed vpon euery side , and the Asperities or sharp pricking scalles so soone as may be we take away . Then hot honey of Ros. poured in , with Cotten we fill the emptie place and liue thereupon put , we stop vp the wound , and in the end with the Vnguent of Gum Elenium , and Emplaster of Betonie thereon set , we heale the griefe .

Doctor .

What , is the cure finished so ?

Chirurgian .

Doubtlesse so that the Ligature be daylie renewed , and due order of diet obserued , the member being saued from Flegmon or inflammatios of blood .

The eight Lecture . Of Woundes piercing the breast . Doctor

TOuching Wounds of the breast what thinke you ?

Chirurgian .

In this the way of curing is like the former , so as they pierce not .

Doctor

No : I speake of piercing Woundes .

Chirurgian .

These are dangerous , yet if they admit or abide cure this way it shall be done : Let the wounded partie lie groueling on the bed , to the end by little and little may issue from the region of the stomacke to the outer partes , such superfluous stuffe as ought to be expelled , neither is the bloud forthwith to be stopped , so as the fluxe be not too great .

Doctor

What then afterwards ?

Chirurgian .

A fine Flamula dipped in Gum of Elenium , or the Resin of Firre , with a little of the marrow of a Calfe , and Cumfry rootes is to be put in , and the white of an Egge is to be laid thereon , ( as we said before ) or the Stictick Plaister described of vs .

Doctor .

What if the blood be not well purged out of the breast ?

Chirurgian .

To dissolue the same , vse our powder that we described before of , Rheabarb , ʒ ij . Mumia , ʒ s Lacca Rubre , anaʒ j Spermatis Ceti . anaʒ j Boli Armeni . an . ʒ s Terra sigillat an . ʒ s

With Aqua Tilia , for in this case it claimes the prerogatiue to it selfe .

Doctor .

But what if the wound cannot be consolidated , or closed with these remedies ?

Chirurgian .

We shall then vse decoctions of Wound hearbes , which consolidateth .

Doctor .

Describe vs such a decoction , that in a perillous case we may succour hurt persons .

Chirurgian .

Recip . Consolida maior , An. M. j A Decoction consolidatiue & Mediae , An. M. j Sanicula , An. M. j Betonica , An. M. j Ophioglossi , An. M. s Agrimoniae , An. M. s Rhabarbari , ℥ s Mumia sincere , ʒ ij Spermatis Cetiʒ j

Let it be sod in wine in a double vessel wel stopt , whereof let the diseased drinke a Ciath morning and euening .

Doctor .

Well said : besides conglutination , it also dissolueth congealed blood , but what if the cough troubles the partie ?

Chirurgian .

The cure therof here we omit , it suffiseth here briefly to haue comprehended Chirurgicall administrations alone , other things are also needful ofttimes , as bloodletting , purging , & other matters which shuld be sought for of the Pharmacenticke or curatiue part .

The ninth Lecture Of Woundes of the Intestines and bellie . Doctor .

NOw of the Wounds of the Intestines and bellie .

Chirurgian .

The cure of Wounds of the bellie without hurt of the Intestines or guttes is easie , for their way of curing is al one with the former .

Doctor .

How doe ye know the Guttes to be wounded ?

Chirurgian .

For that the ordure doth often void out , and the guttes strent out with the Calle .

Doctor .

The guttes hurt , is there any hope of health ?

Chirurgian .

If a small Gut be hurt , or if through the back part of the Gut commeth , where the store of sinewes is , it is deadly : but if the great guttes be wounded , because they consist of fleshy substance , a man must hope well of the wounded person .

Doctor .

How do you know whether the small or great guttes be hurt ?

Chirurgian .

Of the place , for the small guttes are set aboue the Nauill , and the greater guttes beneath .

Doctor

With what method then are the wounds of the guttes to be cured ?

Chirurgian

Let the Guttes first washed with wine of Mirrhe , bee brought into their vsuall place , and being first stitched with a thred , that stitch that Skinners vse , let the portion of the Calle fallen out , on what part of the bellie it is , bee made equall in a sound place : Let it be bound with some thred for that purpose , then let it be cut off half a fingers breadth from the knot , and being seared close with a hot glowing iron , and so set in again , part of the thred left out : then let the Mirach and Peritonium be also bound together .

Doctor .

How ought that to be done ?

Chirurgian .

In the first stitching let the Mirac with Peritonium be thrust through with the needle : on the other part the Mirac alone . In the third stitch let the Mirac also be stitcht alone . In the fourth stitch the Mirac and Peritonium . In the sixt the Mirac alone , and that by enterchangeable course ought to be done , somtimes by bath , and sometimes by the one .

Doctor .

Is it so ? what after that ?

Chirurgian

The white of an Egge , without putting in of any Tent , is to be applyed , for the thred hanging out supplyeth the turn thereof .

Doctor

What must be done the day following ?

Chirurgian

It is to be annointed with the Resin of Firre , or Gum of Elenium , with the applying of Vnguentum Basilicon Magistrale , and sometimes a wound decoction is to be vsed .

The tenth Lecture . Of Wound-Hearbes , and maner of extracting oyles out of the same Hearbes . Doctor .

WHat are the Hearbes whereof Wound drinkes are at this day compounded ?

Chirurgian .

Pyrola sanicula . Phioglossum consolida . Maior , media , & Minor Regalis . Saracenica , Limonium . Mumia , Spcrma ceti , Vinca , prouinca Serpentina . Centaurea , Hypericon , Betonica , Aristolochia , Persicaria , Balsamina , Herba carpentaria . Flos S. Iacob , Millifolium . Perfoliata Prunella . Numularia saluia . Cum aliis .

Doctor .

Giue vs some composition of these .

Chirurgian .

Recip . Pyrola . M. ij . Ciclaminis , an . M j Saniculae , an . M j Alchimilla . M. s

Let them seeth in Rhennish Wine , according to Ante. And of the same ( being strained ) let the hurt person drinke thereof morning and euening .

Doctor .

While we vse these decoctions must nothing bee bound vpon the Wound ?

Chirurgian .

Yes mary : the hearbs sodden are strayned , and with a little salt are applyed to the Wound .

Doctor .

Are there other potions otherwise compounded ?

Chirurgian .

There are many : for of these simples each man at his own discretion may deuise himself decoctions , which he may vse with great successe .

Doctor .

You expresse all things so brieflie and plainlie , that nothing can be more . But there are others which in steed of these decoctions , do exstract Oyles out of the sayd Simples . Tell I pray you how that may be done .

Chirurgian .

Diuers men worke diuerslie : but I will brieflie declare vnto you , that which herein is easie to done . They that extract Oyles out of flowers , doe first drie the Flowers in the winde , and after they are dryed : In each pound of Oyle of Oliues they put v. handfull of flowers therein mixed togither in a Stillitorie well stopt for two naturall dayes , are digested in Balneo Neptuni with a soft fire : namely , in the first degree . After these daies they take it out of the vessell and straine it , and if it cannot quite be strained , they wring it out with a presse , as we were wont to doe while we presse Oyle out of Almonds .

BALNEVM NEPTVNI . Doctor .

At this first steiping of the Flowers in the Balneum , will the Oyle be perfect , or must this steiping be renewed ?

Chirurg.

It must needs be renewed , but with other Flowers dried in the winde , for these must againe be steiped in the Oyle , strained and pressed out , for two dayes space , and been put ( as afore ) in Balneum Neptuni , not aboue the first degree of heate , and then be prest out and strained .

Doctor

Doth this second infusion of flowers suffise then ?

Chirurgian

It suffiseth not : it must be repeated the lhird time in the same maner altogether as we haue spoken of . But after the second day , the oyle that is prest out must be set in a glasse Bodie well stopt , and in a Balneo Neptuni more hot , where it must remaine so long till the dregs be seperate from the Oyle , and the Oyle appeare cleare .

Doctor .

So thy Neptune loue me , thou vtterest all those matters with an easie method , that if Peracelsus had performed the same , in good sooth there would be manie , who leauing the grosse bodies , would compose their medicinces of Oyles and Spirittes of the Bodies .

Chirurgion .

You say true : but the Oyle whereof we haue remembred is not perfect yet , vnles also another working be added

Doctor .

Of what manner I pray you ?

Chirurgian .

This Oyle purged from his dregges , the Flegme : that is , the watery moisture , which when it is seuered , it ought to be reserued in a glasse , and in a cold place , that also must bee done with the help of Neptune .

Doctor .

How say you ? in a cold place : It should be placed in the sun rather , whose heat is said to be vitall .

Chirurgian .

Away with that , that must be done in no wise , for so the oyle should get a rank sauour : contrariwise , if it be put in a colde place , it will be most fragrant , & wil breath forth the sent of the flowers steipt therein .

Doctor .

Are Oyles then in like sort composed out of Herbs ?

Chirurgian .

I indeed : but that they must first of all be bruised together , and be chopt very small , and therfore who so vnderstandeth that hath gone before , shall easily extract Oyles out of Hearbes and Rootes .

Doctor .

Verie well : there resteth nothing but that Chirurgians so do make their Oyles that they helpe the wounded , for so shall they purchase themselues a name , and exercise this Arte with honour .

The eleuenth Lecture . Of the maner of compounding of the spirite of Turpentine . Doctor .

WHat thinke you of the spirite of Turpentine , is it not of greater power then the Oyles of the aforesaid Hearbes ?

Chirurgian

Yes surely , it is of miraculous facultie . So that if anie man had the true Spirite , it were no hard matter for him to cure all sortes of Woundes in very short time .

Doctor

Think you then the true Oyle thereof is seldom found ?

Chirurgian .

Very many boste that they haue it , but hetherto I haue found no man , whole Oile was not corrupt of Vulcan or the fyre .

Doctor

But Alchimists there are , that dream of nothing but Oyle .

Chirurgian .

I feare me , they loose their Oyle and their time and labour , for Vulcan vseth their Furnace ouer hot , meet rather to mollifie yron , then to these kind of naturall workes .

Doctor

But tell me , I pray you , how you distil Oyle out of Turpentine , which is the most excellent medicin against wounds For I couet to heare , if you it remember those things you haue learned .

Chirurgian .

I will verilie shew you , and that most gladly ; They that distill oyle out of Turpentine , doe first mingle vi . l. of Turpentine with iij. cuppes of water in a brazen vessell , or a brazen Cucurbita with a crooked Limbeck . And before the Distillation they besmeare the ioyntes with Lutum sapientiae , to let expiration or breathing out : Which done , they distill with a slowe or soft fire : and immediately the Spirite with the water by drop-meale runneth out of the Limbecke into the Vial set vnderneath , and after that they see nothing more distilled by the help of Vulcan , they open the Cucurbita , and doe let the Turpentine coole .

Doctor

What then afterward ?

Chirurgian

After that the Turpentine is cooled , they take it out of the Cucurbita , and they repeat the same afresh with vi . l. of Turpentine , and iij. cups of water : And doe distil it as afore , and that so often , vntill they haue such store of Spirits as they wished .

Doctor .

What auaileth it , or what vse haue the Spirits mixt with the water ?

Chirurgian .

None , and therefore they ought to bee seperate from the water , that any may know their naturall force .

Doctor .

How great store of Spirits doe come foorth in distillation of vj. l. of Tupentine and three cuppes of water .

Chirurgian .

A pound with one third part of a pound , more or lesse according as the Turpentine is pure or impure .

Doctor .

You haue all at your fingers endes , and nothing is hid from you : proceed wee then to the composition of Oyle of Turpentine .

The twelfth Lecture . Of the maner of distilling Oyle of Turpentine . Doctor .

GO to now , in what sort is Oyle of Turpentine made

Chirurgian .

We take viij . l. or ix . l. of this Turpentine from whence the Spirits are seuered , and in the vessel spoken of euen now , wee continually stirre it with a Splattor whiles it melteth through the heat of Vulcan , vntill all the water be vapoured out and doth no more ascend .

Doctor .

Be there no signes whereby we know that the Turpentine hath boyled ynough before distillation ?

Chirurgian .

There are verily : while in boyling it is hard no more to knack , it is a most certaine signe that all the water is consumed .

Doctor .

What is to be done after that ?

Chirurgian .

The Limbeck is to be set in by and by , and the ioyntes well to be luted with Luto sapient .

Doctor

Whereof is this Lutum sapient . composed ?

Chirurgian .

There are sundry compositions for sundry operations , but here it suffiseth to take clay , with meale and whites of Egges .

Doctor .

After that the ioyntes are luted with Lutum sapient , as they tearme it , how must we proceed further ?

Chirurgian .

First , I reduce Vulcan to the first degree of heat , for being more vehement , it hindereth our operations .

Doctor .

When Vulcan is so fitted to your intention , doe you goe on to distill without delay ?

Chirurg.

Yes mary : and within an houre and a halfe the distillation will be finished . Howbeit , least the time deceiue you , somtime you must let it worke so long , vntill that which distilleth shall appeare greene : for tha is the signe of perfect operation . and that no more Oyle remaines in the body of the Turpentine .

Doctor

All well done : Our Vulcan graunt that much profite to the commoditie of the Weale publike you may procure your selfe thereby , and that your Ople may be of so greate efficacie in healing woundes , that with it alone you may cure all whatsoeuer .

❧ The Practise of Cornelius Shilander touching Vlcers . THE SECOND PART .

The first Lecture Concerning Humours and Qualities whereof Vlcers haue their originall . Doctor .

GOe to , tell what is an Vlcer .

Chirurgian .

An Vlcer is a solution of the contiuitie , matterie and festering , but more properlie in Latin containing Pus & sanies : For in an Vlcer is a thin matter , tearmed Sanies , and a thicke , which is called Sordis or Pus .

Doctor .

And what is the beginning of this maladie ?

Chirurgian .

The Minerall of impurities , which by their saltishnesse , sharpnesse , sweetnesse , sowrnesse , doeth corrode the skinne , through which , as an Emunctorie or cleansing place it is expelled .

Doctor .

Come they not then of Bloud , Choller , Melancholie , or Flegme .

Chirurgian .

Not so , for these parts of the bodie framed by Nature , that are authors of no euill , but only do couet what is good and perfect .

Doctor .

You say well that they are partes : but the hot and colde qualities of these parts are the causes of Vlcers . Note .

Doctor .

Nay verily : these qualities are only the effects of impurities : for Choller , doth not because it is hot , erode or fret the members , otherwise it should so do alwayes , sith it is at no time not hot , but because the impuritie of Choller preuaileth in sharpnesse , which imprinteth in the members an heat vnnaturall .

Doctor

What is it then that doth worke ?

Chirurgian .

Euen that which is saltish , bitter , tart and sweet : these are such as haue some force , as saith Hippocrates , which while they exceed in a man , they bring foorth effects besides Nature , the hotnesses , coldnesses , drinesses , and moystnesses are of no effecacie .

Doctor .

What here I hetherto , it hath bene beleeued that Vlcers proceeded from the distemper of humors or elements .

Chirurgian .

I confesse indeed that it is commonly saide , but this distemper hath wrought great mischiefe to Philosophie , and bewitched the eyes of manie , who supposing to haue caught the Kernell , got the rindes and shales .

Doctor .

Are there not then foure humours in man ?

Chirurgian .

Yes in sooth , there are , yea , and many more .

Doctor .

How many therefore ?

Chirurgian .

So many as be sortes of cullours : there is an humour white , dunne , yellowe , blacke , redde , greene , blew , purple , &c.

Doctor .

Then you seeme to deride the fourefolde differences of humours ?

Chirurgian .

Why not deride it ?

Doctor

Why not deride it ? Ti 's a point of rashnesse to hold opinion one iote against the Philosophers decrees .

Chirurg.

Not at all : Plato is my friend , so is Aristotle : but the trueth is more my friend .

Doctor .

Did the Philosophers erre then in the quaternitie of Elements , and their mixture ?

Chirurgian .

I , indeed .

Doctor .

How so ?

Chirurgian .

It is repugnant to holie Scriptures , which is the true Philosophie : God ( saith Moses ) shope man of the mold of the earth : that is , of water and earth mixt together .

Doctor .

Doeth that then come to passe without the admixtion of aire and fire .

Chirurgian .

Who doubts it ? Aristotles aire is found no where , and Fire is an accident , and not a substance .

Doctor .

Tush man , what s that you say ?

Chirurgian .

It 's easie to be conceiued , if one knoweth that a fire-cole which we cal Fire , differeth from a dead cole , as they terme it , not on fire only accidentally , like as yron glowing hot , from that which is colde and glowes not . Bodies also are resolued into water and earth alone , For the vapor and exhallation ascend , and the grosse earth , abides in the botome of the Cucurbita .

Doctor .

Trulie spoken indeed : but it is the part of Philosophers to consider those things : For a Chirurgian it is ynough to know Choller , Flegme , Bloud , and Melancholie , with their heating and cooling qualities ,

Chirurgian .

It is not to the end a man may haue the nature of an Vlcer throughlie knowne , because a man is compounded only of water and earth , and with them alone is nourished , it is behoofull to know the differences of earths and waters , for according to the diuersities of these , diuers Vlcers spring in man .

Doctor .

Vnfold to vs the originall beginnings of Vlcers , for I vnderstand not how that commeth .

Chirurgian .

We feed on bread , hearbes and flesh , we drinke water , Ale , or Beere , and wine . It is certaine that in these watery or earthy , impurities , lurke that which for their vnlikenes of Nature cannot be altered into our bodies : Whiles therfore the pure cannot by the benefite of Nature bee seuered from the impure , Note . there is made an interchangeable commixture of both . Mallowes with Nettles , and Arsnick with Violettes is mingled , which tempered of mutuall mixture so long , doe remit or slake their egrenesse , till they shall be seuered .

Doctor .

What ?

Chirurgian

This earthie or watery impuritie , free from the mixture of purity is exalted by reason of its saltishnes , sharpnes sweetnesse , or sowrnesse corrodeth the flesh and skin , and breedeth calidities , humidities , and other accidents .

Doctor .

Very well : but if Vlcers bee ingendred of water and earth , how becomes their difference so manifold ?

Chirurgian .

Because the difference of earthes and waters is manifold : for the water and earth of the Nettle is one , of Arsnicke another , of Pepper another , and so of the rest : of which some are saltish corrasiue , other some are sharp pricking . &c.

Doctor .

Is water with earth then the Genus or generall thing from which Vlcers are deriued , and in which they are contayned ?

Chirurgian .

Assuredly , and nothing more rrue , though it be against the common opinion of Philosophers .

Doctor

You vtter Paradoxes , written of none , so farre as I know .

Chirurgian .

I acknowledge them to be Paradoxes , but such as ought of none not be allowed , euen as Tartar lies in sweet wine in forme resolued , which in processe of time is congealed , or as it were , Note . curded , and cleaues to the vessels sides . So in man are found impurities , which in digested times being congealed or festered , do breed in the flesh Vlcers agreable to their Nature .

Doctor

A faire Similie .

The second Lecture . Of the Methode to be kept in Vlcers . Doctor

PRoceed we now to the methode to be kept in Vlcers ?

Chirurgian .

Heer like as in wounds we proceed with disgestiues and Mundificatiues .

Doctor .

What kind of methode is this then ?

Chirurgian .

The purging and due maner of diet being let passe , which must be sought of the curatine and dietarie parte : First , we shall digest the matter , till Pus appears equally white : then we shall mundifie the matter sufficiently concocted , Exsiccatiues that may drie vp the humiditie in the Vlcer not neglected . These doings finished , Nature her selfe will procreate flesh , and bring Vlcers to consolidation , so that by the Chirurgian she be rightly kept from the iniury of the ayre : that is , be bound with Emplasters that may preserue her .

Doctor .

You say well : for the Chirurgian is Natures Gardien or keeper , but when any Vlcer is offered to cure , shall wee forthwith digest the matter ?

Chirurgian .

Yes : so it be simple : that is , so as no Paine , or Flegmon , or Tumor , or Apostume , or Callositie , or Fluxe of bloud or corruption of the bone be ioyned withal : otherwise while it is compoundes , the said accidents are first away to bee taken , then after , a man may proceed further by the methode wee haue declared .

Doctor

By what meanes may these be remooued quite ?

Chirurgian

Dolour or paine by medicines , Anodinae asswaging it , Flegmon by the vnguent of Rosh , Callousnes and corruption of the bone by Cantiers , after Vigo : Flure of bloud by Croco Martis , Tumor , or swelling by Vnguentum Agrippinum , with Oyle of Tartor : of Apostume we shall speake hereafter .

Doctor .

In how manie differences are Vlces found ?

Chirurgian .

In manifold : for so many Vlcers there be , as be diuersities of impurities : and impurities either haue the action and propertie of Arsnick , and become pestilent Vlcers , with mightie inflamation , or haue the propertie of Alom , and become corrosiue , or haue the Nettles propertie , and become sharp & biting : or haue the property of Popie and Mandrag or of other vegitables and Mineralles , and become Vlcers : which for the diuersitie of impurities , do alot to themselues diuers names .

Doctor .

Assuredly your speeches are far more probable then theirs that ascribe all these matters to Choller , melancholie or Flegme , and that wil raeher borrow these names from the vtter tokens , that is , from the cullors , then from the inward properties .

The third Lecture . Of Remedies that are vsed in the curation of Vlcers . Doctor .

HItherto you haue spoken of the general methode , nowe declare with what remedies Vlcers are cured .

Chirurgian .

Commonly after digestiod we vse Vnguentum Egyptiacum , which in euery filthy , putrified , virulent , A methode for curing Vlcers . and hollow Vlcers , by experience we haue learned to bee of verie greate force . rolling it on with Vnguent . de Mynio , Basilicon , or de Lytargiro .

Doctor

Were it not better to vse Praecipitat . so much magnified of Vigo ?

Chirurgian .

I must approue also the vse of this powder wel prepared : for it mundifieth Vlceration without paines , it correcteth the malignitie , it maketh the subtill matter grosse , and bringeth it to good digestion .

Doctor .

I pray you giue vs the description of Vnguentum Egiptiacum .

Chirurgian .

Recip . Aqua Plantag. Vini Granatorum . Mellis Licii . Ana. ℥ ij . Floris Acris , Aluis Rocsa , An. ʒ x.

Let all boyle to a Consistance .

Doctor

Let me heare how in Vlcers these kinde of powders or Vnguents doe pierce to the inmost parts .

Chirurg.

If mixed with Barbers Lie and Mel Rosarum , they be iniected with a Syring , as Vigo teacheth .

Doctor

And what must be done after mundification ?

Chirurgion .

Then we take of Aquar . Hordei . l j. Mel Rosarum , ℥ iij. Sarcolla , ʒ ij . Mirrha , Thuris , An. ʒ j Vini o doris , ℥ vj.

Let these be voyled to the consumption of the third part , it is good to comfort and incarnate the place .

Doctor

What remedie is there for superfluous and proud flesh ?

Chirurgian

The powder of burnt Allome , setting on Splegiants , whereon they put the Emplasters .

Doctor .

Are all Vlcers then cured with these remedies ?

Chirurgian .

No : there are certain inueterate Vlcers that are named Chirons or Telephis : Vlcers there are also of harder consolidation , representing the nature of Mercurie , which ought to be cured with other remedies .

Doctor

With what remedies I pray you ?

Chirugian

With Oyle of Mercurie , Oyle of Antimonie , or Oyle of Sulphur .

Doctor .

Let vs leaue these remedies to Alchumists , and shew vs those that we may prepare withou difficulty .

Chirurgian .

Most gladly : and if you be not content with one , I will giue you more .

Recipe Serpentaria vtriusque . An. M. ij . Aristolocia acutae . an. l s. Consolida ponticae . an. l s.

Contundantur , & cum Terebinth . l i. & s. & Olei Oliuarum ℥ iiij . frat Vnguentum . With this Vnguent all affectes of the skin , euen Phagacdena it self is cured .

Another . Recip . Succi Chelidoni , l j Alocs Epat . ℥ ij . Mumia , ℥ j Viridis Aeris . ℥ j Almis Vsti . ℥ ij .

Terantur Subt. quae terenda sunt , & cum Succo digerantur in calore per dies octo . Post vlcera panis in co madefactis ligentur .

Another . Recip . Argenti viui , ℥ s. Mortif . ℥ s. Cerusa ℥ ij Euphorbie . ʒ ij . Saxiphragie , An. ʒ j Litargirii , An. ʒ j Sandalorum , An. ʒ j Anxvngia por. q. s , Another . Recip . Virid . earis . ℥ s. Almis Vsti . ℥ ij Henrici rubei vt vocant . ʒ vj Terebinth . distil . l. j. misce . Another . Recip . Salis Armoniaci , ℥ iij Salis communis . ℥ s.

Buliant in aqua , post adde gumi Attramentum ℥ iij. & liquescunt simul & indurietem excoquantur huius portiuncula in aqua dissoluatur qua Hulcus abluatur .

Doctor .

Are these most excellent remedies ?

Chirurgian .

They are , and yet there are more excellent in account , which are not rashly to be published to all , for all kind of Vlcers may be cured with potions .

Doctor .

You are a marueillous Artsman : you will not communicate your secrets to others , that you may be rich your self I know .

Chirurgian .

Trulie you haue rightly aymed .

Doctor

But I pray tell me what auaileth in the procuring of a Cycatrise ?

Chirurgian .

Ad cicat . Pruocat . Let the place be first washed with the water of Plantin , Rosh , or Roch Alome , with a little Mel Rosarum : Afterwards vse of the medicine which is made ex Minii . ℥ j olei Rosarum & Mirthini , An , ℥ js̄ . This is of Vigos description .

The fourth Lecture . Of the manner of curing Fistulaes . Doctor .

NOw it remaineth that we intreat of Fistulaes .

Chirurgian .

It is so : know therefore that the Fistula is a deepe and hollow Vlcer , indurated with a strict and narrow Orific , Methodes ad Fistulas curandas . which requireth exercise or handy operation , and not the Physitions help .

Doctor .

Haue you any experiments against the Fistula ?

Chirurg.

Trulie I haue , and that good store .

Doctor

Then teach me with what remedies this euill is taken away ?

Chirurgian .

I will shew you what thinges are required of the Chirurgian , but know that such things as are deliuered of Vigo , belong to Physitions , and not so much to Chirurgians for , this businesse may be dispatched without incision .

Doctor

Then what remedies must we vse ?

Chirurgian .

Decoctions and reasonable diet , which take away the cause , whereof Fistulaes doe proceed , for I haue seene many well cured by these means only .

Doctor .

Ought there not any Emplaisters to be applyed ?

Chirurgian .

Yes : Vnguent de Tutia , drawne on Leather , or on linnen cloath , which also must be often in the day wiped .

Doctor .

What Decoction , and what Diet shall it be which the Patient is to vse ?

Chirurg.

It is not heer to be spoken of , for these and such like are to be sought for in the other part of medicine , namely to such as belong to Phisicke and diet .

Doctor

You still keepe your old custome , you conceale that which are said to be ignorant to the Logicians : but tell mee , may not the Fistula be cured by Topycall Remedie .

Chirurgian .

It may , as some affirme , but I haue no experience thereof .

Doctor .

What is your experience ?

Chirurgian

Recip . Olei Martis , Ol. Vitrioli . an . ʒ j Olei Mercurii , ℈ j s.

Misce his Plinnaceoli infundantur , & post infusionem exsiccati , Fistula imponantur calositatem enim statim auferint .

Doctor

I demaund not these Chimicall thinges , which aren not to be gotten without great cost , tell me some other .

Chirurgian

Recip . Oleii Laterini , ℥ iij. Olei Terebinth . l. s. Olei Gariophilorum . ℥ j s. Thuris Masticis . an . ℥ s Mirrha , an . ℥ s Mumia . ℥ iij.

Distillentur , & Oleum inde distillatum per siringam . quotidie bis iniiciatur , & cauicas vino vel aqua salis subinde eluatur .

Doctor

Thy remedies are hard to be prepared .

Chirugian

Therfore those remedies are best to bee vsed , which in this euill are infallible .

The fift Lecture . Of Scabbes . Doctor

NOw sir , let vs to the Scabbes , what kind of remedies haue you against the same ?

Chirurgian .

Reci . Succi , Chelidonie , Fume terra Boraginis scabiosa , Lapacii acuta . an . ℥ iij

Cum feari aceti & Anxungia vetteri misceantur , with the which the part infected is to be annointed .

Doctor .

Be all kind of Scabbes to bee cured by this kind of remedie ?

Chirurgian .

Yes trulie they are : vnlesse they proceed of the French Poxe , for those scabbes will not giue place to so light medicines .

Doctor

What think you of Vnguents against scabbes , set down of Vigo in his Antidatorie ?

Chirurgian .

For that they are compounded of Quicksiluer , they are not to be vsed , but reiected , for they are not applyed without hurt to such bodies wher they are vsed .

Doctor .

Doe you know any other Vnguent , which is not compounded of ioyces , which I may come by in the winter time

Chirurgian .

I doe ; Recip . Butyri recentis . Anxungia , ℥ s. Litargirii , an . ʒ j Cesusa , an . ʒ j Zinziberis , ʒ j Sulphuris . ʒ s. Helebori nigri , Puluersat . ʒ iij Aceti , ℥ j s.

Misceantur & coquantur ad forinum Vngnent .

The sixt Lecture . Of burning with Fire , Oyle , Butter , &c. Doctor .

HOw are those burnings cured , which commeth of fire , milke , Oyle , butter , and such like .

Chirurgian .

Butyri recentis , liquifacti calid . quantum sufficit , aqua infundatur & agitetur , donce niuis instar albescat & tandem aqua abiiciatur , & seruetur ad vsum in formam vnguent . With this lineament thou shal often annoint the part infected , and alwaies be carefull to keep the place moist with Butter , neither shall ye suffer the part infected to drie , before the heat be extinguished .

Doctor .

Haue you anie other like to this ?

Chirurgian .

I haue : Recip . Corticis Tiliae interiores in aqua fontana macerentur , & fiat vnguentum . Let this be continually applyed vnto the burnt place : but if the place through burning be exulcerate , proceed according as we haue spoken before of Vlcers .

Doctor .

Trulie this method of yours is verie easie ,

The seuenth Lecture . Of the preparation of the Oyle of Guiacum that is , of the holie wood . Doctor .

LEt vs come I pray you to the Oyle of holy wood , which as it is said , hath a maruellous facultie in Vlcers .

Chirurgian .

I am content , for that cannot be omitted without great offence , which wee knowe to doe much good in a common weale .

Doctor .

Doe you suppose that this Oyle is the best Antidote to heale Vlcers ?

Chirurgian ,

This ought not to be doubted of any man , and chiefly to those Vlcers which haue their originall of the Spanish , or if you had rather , of the French Poxe .

Doctor .

Hitherto I had thought that that disease could not bee cured without Quicksiluer , which being by a certaine propertie begotten to himself , all men say it is a remedy in such a sicknesse .

Chirurgian .

That is least of all true : For the Oyle of holy wood is more effectuous , and hee is holpen more easily , so that it be well prepared of the Chimists , and the naturall collour not eqanged into a fierie , by reason of an immoderate heat .

Doctor .

And are there certain degrees of fire to be kept in distillation because we must not run hither and thither .

Chirurgian .

There are truly : for otherwise his nature that is distilled should be corrupted : for as all things are not hot in the same degrees , but either drie , cold , or moist , so likewise diuers degrees of fire are to be obserued in distillations , for that both the nature of the hearb , and the diuersities of the operation requireth it .

Doctor .

Trulie I would heare of you the whole matter , for it seemeth to me that no man ought to be ignorant of the work

Chirugian

You say true : but the handling hereof would require a great volume , if we should set it down according to the worthinesse thereof : heer it suffiseth vs to shewe in what degree the fire ought to be kept , whiles we draw the oyle out of the wood Guiacum , or holie wood .

Doctor

Well sayd : For he which doth declare any thing particularlie , it is more easily vnderstood of the Reader , then he which doeth it generallie , especiallie in such varietie of distillations , and degrees thereof : Goe to therefore , tell mee how the Oyle of this wood is called holie , is it because of his efficacie .

Chirurgian .

Trulie it is : But the better to get this oyle it is needful to haue a large great retorte well luted with clay , called the Lute of wisdome , the Guiacum ought to be turned small , and in light peeces , and also a vessell of cold water must bee prouided , through which a brasen and hollow pipe must passe .

Doctor .

These things are easie to be done , but how must the rest of the worke be accomplished .

Chirurgian .

Then the retort must be filled with Guiacum , being smal cut almost to the necke .

Doctor .

And this is easie ?

Chirurgian .

Being fild and luted ( as we haue said ) we set it in the furnace following . So that the necke of the Retort bee left out three handfulles emptie , and so to bee let into the pipe that passeth through the water .

Doctor .

I wold to God Paracelsus himself had declared his works with so easie a method : there would be found more Paracelsians than Galenists : but what followeth ?

Chirurgian .

Both the Orifists and the neck of the retort with the pipe are to be luted with clay on both sides , the bredth of an inch , least the spirites breath out whiles it is distilling : For the Spirits , because they are deliuered from their bodies , doe easilie flie , therefore the vessels and all the chinkes ought to be well fenced with the Lute of wisedome .

Doctor

These things haue no difficultie at all as I think .

Chirurg.

Well said : it hath no difficultie , but the operation is somewhat harde , but if thou art desirous to practise , first make a furnace with a vessell full of cold water .

Doct.

Verie well : but must it not haue in the top of the Furnace the forme of a Testicle ?

Chirurg.

It is true : Therfore after all things be finished acording to that order which we haue spoken of principally , it is to be wrought with a gentle fire , least that vessel hauing the forme of a testicle breake .

Do.

Must we then dispatch the businesse with a gentle fire ?

Chirurg.

No trulie : but you must increase the fire with degrees , that is to say , by litle and litle , vntil ye see the oyle and the water to distill into the receiuer .

Doct.

How long shall the Oyle distill ?

Chirurg.

I know not that ! but know this , when it can distill no more then leaue off working , for it is a token of no more moisture and spirits in the bodie of the Guyacum .

Doct.

Is the Oyle of the Guyacum therefore distilled then ?

Chirurg.

It is truly : but yet doth it want other preparations .

Doctor .

What are they , I pray you ?

Chirurg.

First of all , that which is found in the Receyuer , both water and oyle , they must be afterwards seperated

Doctor .

How must they be seperated ?

Chirurg.

Because the Oyle doth pierce to the bottome , and is blacke like Pitch , the water must bee poured foorth by little and litle .

Doctor .

Doth this water containe in it any faculty ?

Chirurg.

Yea trulie : but we will omit it here , and wee will haue nothing but the Oyle it selfe .

Doctor .

But tell me , what must we doe with the Oyle seperated from the water ?

Chirurg.

The Oyle is to be put into another Cucurbita and a little water is to be poured vnto it :

Do.

What kind of head or receiuer must be put vnto it ? one with a snowt or beake , as we haue spoken of , or any other

Chirur.

Euery kind of Limbecke is not conuenient for this work , therfore that is the most aptest , that which is called a Vapour , because it containeth in his vpper part colde water .

Doct.

Wherefore is it so ?

Chirurg.

Because with the cooling of the head & snowt , the Oyle is kept downe , and so falleth into the bottom of the Cucurbita , from whence it ascendeth not :

Do.

How long shall we distill ?

Chirurg.

So long as you see any thing distill into the Receiuer .

Do ,

What must we doe afterwards ?

Chirurg.

That which is in the receiuer you may reserue to your selfe if you wil , for the oyle lieth in the bottom of the Cucurbita :

Do.

How is the oyle taken out of the Cucurbita ?

Chirurg.

After the vessell is cooled , it must be opened , and the water which you find in the vessell must bee seperated from the oyle by a leasurely pouring out , least any of the Oyle passe therewith :

Do.

Is the oyle then perfect , being seperated from the water , doth it need no other preparation ?

Chirur.

As yet it hath not his perfection : Moreouer , we haue need of another metamorphosis that we be not frustrat of hope :

Do.

I pray you what metamorphosis is this ?

Chir.

This Oyle which is seperated from the water , is to be put into a Cucurbita of glasse .

Do.

Must we then distill it a third time , I feare me least the distillation so many times repeated , will marre the nature of the Oyle :

Chirurg ,

Why should it marre it : Nay rather , feare least the Doues flie out from their open nests .

Doctor .

Must we then distill it in a brasen Instrument , on the which the Vapor is ouerluted ?

Chirurg.

We must haue another instrument , as I haue said , for the Oyle must runne into a glasse Cucurbita , or rather a Receiuer .

Do.

What afttrwards ?

Chirurg ,

There must be also a glassen Limbecke luted ouer .

Do.

Well , one glasse in another aptly agreeing .

Chirurg.

And this Cucurbita must bee set in a vessel of Sand , fit for the Lembick , in the first degree of heat .

Do.

Will it then distill ?

Chir.

Doe you aske whether it will distill : Yes truly , you shall see Oyle as red as bloud in the Receiuer , which is of such facultie that nothing can goe beyond it .

Doct.

How long must we distil ?

Chir.

So long vntill no more wil come foorth .

Doct.

Are the Fecis that are left in the bottome after distillation profitable ?

Chiru .

They are truly : but they require to be mingled , and before mingling to be rectified in Horse-dung : of which matter , seeing the operation is somewhat difficult , I purpose not here to speake of it , let our Oyle suffise you , whose facultie , how great it is , experience shall tell you , for good marchandize needeth no praise .

The eighth Lecture . Of the maner to prepare Waxe before Distillation . Doct.

WHat think you of the Oyle of Waxe , is there great difficultie in the preparing of it ?

Chi.

Do you not perceiue such difficulty as some suppose ?

Do.

I pray you teach me how it is made of the chirurgian .

Chirurg.

Before all things the Waxe must be prepared , for this part being omitted as the chiefest , no oyle is drawn from the Waxe .

Doctor .

Therfore how must it be prepared ?

Chirurg.

Amongst all other preparations , this is one of the best : Four or fiue pounds of Virgin wax broken into sixe or seuen peces , must be put into the Cucurbita , to the which must be poured three pettes of Malmsey wine .

Doctor .

What afterwards ?

Chirurg.

The Vapor being ouerluted , and the fire so to be tempered least the waxe flow ouer , as it is a boyling .

Doctor .

In what degree of heat must it be then .

Chirurg.

In the second : neuerthelesse , if you see a little of the Waxe togither with the wine in like maner to distill euer , you may not thinke therfore that you haue erred , for this Waxe after the Cucurbita it luted , may bee mingled againe .

Doctor .

The vessell being well fitted , how is the operation to be expected ?

Chirurg.

That must be done by the help of Vulcan , that the waxe with the wine may boyle in the Cucurbita .

Doctor .

What doth this Ebrilution profit : or whereunto serueth it ?

Chirurg.

It serueth that in the boyling , the spirit of the Wine with the waxe by little and little doth distill .

Doctor .

Ought this distillation to be often repeated ?

Chir.

Yea , often therfore , that the waxe may be wel prepared , after that we haue of this distilled wine one pynt , then we poure it againe vpon the waxe through a pipe from the one side : and least any should euaporate , we stop it close .

Doctor .

What if the Waxe sticke vnto th pipe of the Limbecke ?

Chirur.

It must be drawne forth by litle and litle otherwise the beak would be stopped vp .

Doct.

What afterwards ?

Chirurg.

Secondarily , the distillation hereof ought to be renued , and eye pinte of the distilled wine ( as before ) must be poured in againe through a wide pipe , and worke it together twelue howres that there may be a certaine recipricall Distillation and powring foorth .

Doct.

And what must we doe after twelue howers ?

Chirur ,

The distillation being repeated , you shal gather the spirit of the wine and waxe : this spirit you must reserue , for it must be mingled with the Oyle of Waxe , as afterward shall be taught .

Doc.

Is the waxe then sufficiently prepated with these absolute things ?

Chirurg.

Not so : but after many distillations , the Cucurbita is to bee opened , and the Waxe must bee sepeeated from the Flegme to which it is mingled .

Doct.

How must that be done I pray you ?

Chirurg.

Only pressing it downe with your handes .

Doct.

You say well : for with pressing downe the waxe , the moysture is taken away .

Chirurg.

Then this Waxe being seperated from his Flegme , must be put into the Cucurbita , from whence it was taken , and afterwards is to be molten at a gentle fire , and wrought with a Spatula so long till it ascende no more , and that there come no smoke from it , or hath no more froth vpon it .

Doct.

Are these sure tokens wherby we may know that the waxe is sufficiently prepared .

Chirur.

Yea doubtlesse , and all these things are wel to be bept in memorie , the distillations & pouring foorth by course the pressing out of the Flegmes , the boyling and working of the Waxe , vntill we see these tokens now spoken of , but if all things be done as it ought to bee , we shall easily drawe out the Oile of Waxe .

The ninth Lecture . Of the maner of drawing oyle out of Wax being prepared Doctor .

THe Waxe being sufficiently prepared , how afterwardes shall we distill the Oyle ?

Chirurgi .

The Ware is to be made hot , and to be put into a large Retorte of Glasse well luted with that lute which is called Lutum Sapientiae , vnto whose necke a pype shal be aglutinated and so made to passe through a vessell of cold water .

Doct.

How is that Lute made ?

Chirur.

With clay , with Fullers hayre , with whites of Egges and sand .

Doct.

After the Retort is luted , with his necke and pipe , what must we doe ?

Chir.

It must be placed in the furnace , begin your work first with a gentle fire , by the space of one whole houre .

Doct.

And how must we proceed afterwards ?

Chirur.

The fire must be encreased by degrees , vntill such time that all the substance be come foorth into the receiuer , which will be somewhat grosse , but neuerthelesse of most excellent efficacie .

Doct.

Will not the oyle then be cleare after the order of Turpentine ?

Chirur.

No , it will not : but it will be congealed : for to haue it cleare would require an often distillation , and cause the oyle to be of a more hotter operation and sharper .

Doct.

Tell me the vertue of this oyle , and how it ought to be applyed ?

Chiru .

It is most excellent in al wounds & Vlcers whatsoeuer , if it be rightly applyed , besides it may be ministred inwardly for diuers deseases , as occasion shal be offered .

Doct.

Haue we now finished our discourse in euerie respect , as may be necessarie for a Chirurgian .

Chirur.

We haue for this time , vntil it please God to cause vs to meet againe .

Doct.

I pray you then make a briefe repetition of such conferences as hath past between vs since our first meeting .

Chi.

Most willingly : for it shal be most necessary for the refreshing of both our memories .

Doct.

I thank you : I shal be a debtor vnto you for your courtesie .

Chir.

In our first conference I defined vnto you what Chirurgery was , what was the operation of a chirurgian : The 2. of the difference of wounds & thir curing : Thirdly , of the stitching of wounds Fourthly , of contused wounds : Of deep wounds : Of wounds of the sinewes : Of wounds of the head : Of wounds piercing the breast : Of wounds of the intestines and bellie : Of the drawing oyle out of hearbes : Of compounding the spirit of Turpentine : Of drawing the oyle out of Turpentine . Of Vlcers , Fistulaes and Scabs : Of the drawing Oyle out of Lignum fanctum , and of Waxe : Of all which , I haue briefly and simply discoursed of , according to that knowledge which God hath giuen me .

Doct.

You haue satisfied me of al things that I can bethinke me worthy the asking , only I am to request you to set me downe some receipts , wherof you make good accompt , which may be as a supply for the breuitie we haue vsed in our conferences ,

Chi.

Indeed , in many places of our talk I omitted the rehearsal of diuers medicines , which of purpose I did to bring them in together at the end : which shal serue as an Antydotarie for you to resort vnto , when as occasion shal require .

Ad ignem persicam , and the Canker .

Rec. Vittiolei ℥ j. Amborum Gumi minorum , an . ℥ ij . Ocrae ℥ s Vini & Aceti , an. l j cocta calidaque superligentur .

For the Fistula .

Recip . Aqua Galethini , ℥ iiij . Olei Vitellorum , Ouarum ℥ j Mumiae liquorum , ℥ vi . Fiat Oleum quo madidi panni superpoponantur .

An Emplaister for wounds .

Recip . Cerae Terebinthinae , Visci preparati , ana l j. Olei Lini , l iij. Litargiri preparati , Calaminaris prepar . ana l j. coquantur in emplastrum .

A powder for compound woundes .

Recip . Croci Martis , Veneris , atque Saturnia , ana ℥ s. Mercurii dulcis , ʒ s. Inde fiat puluis

Emplastrum .

Recip . Olei Oliuarum , l j. Masticis , Thuris , Mirrhe , Oppoponaci , Serapina , Storacis , Bdellii , ana ℥ j. Coquantur in formam : postmodum accipe Cerae l. j , Calami preparati , l s coquantur in Cerotum , pinse manib . extrahendo cum Camphora in Oleo Anetino vel ex Verbasco .

Potio ad Fistulasj

Recip . Aquae de cornib . Cerui l j. Centaureae , Consolid . aurea , ana ℥ iij. Parthenionis , ℥ iiij s. His impone Reubarb , Mannae electae , Spermatis ceti , ana ℥ j. huius optime commoti singulis vicibus mane vesperique bibatur Coclear vinum , &c.

Emplastrum ad vulnera .

Recip . Litargitii , Mimii ana l s. Olei Oliuarum , l j. Cerae , l s Reduc in emplastrum , postmodum accipe puluer . Aranciarum , Chelidoniae , Aristolochi rot . ana ℥ iij. & formetur emplastrum .

Balzamum .

Recipe Terebinth . claris . l ij , Olei Omphacini , l s. Gumii Elenii ℥ vj Resinae Pimae . Colophonie , ana ℥ iij , Mirrhae , aloes ep. Thuris , Sarcocoll . Mastic , Hannoniac . in vino dissoluto , ana ℥ j s. Garophilorum , Nucis muscat . Cucubarum . Cinamoni , anaʒ iij. Sem. Hipericonis , Rubic . Tinctorum , Grani puri , anaʒ x. Vernum Ter. lot . in vino ℥ viij . Vini Maluatici . l j s : Pul. puluersantur & impone Terebinth . Oleum & vinum cum alus in vitre a pro dies x. vel xij in Sole , & post distillentur in balneo .

Gargarismus prosquinantie .

Recipe Mellis rosacei ℥ iiij . Aristolochia rot. Pirolae , ana ℥ s. Aquarum de prinis , de prunella , ana ℥ vij . Fiat Gargarismus .

Cataplasm . pro squinatia .

Recip . Mucilaginis de Fenngreco , ℥ x , Cerusa , ℥ ij . Camphorae vitae , ℥ s misce & fiat Cataplasma .

Balsamum .

Recipe Mirrhae electae , Aloes hep . Spicenardi , Sanguis dtac . Thuris , Mumie , Oppoponacis , Bdellii , Carpobalsami , Sinamoni , Sarcocoll . Croci , Mastic , Gumi Arab. Stiracis liq , sing ℥ ij : Ladani elect . siue Castorii ℥ ij s. Moschi , ʒ s. miscetur Terebinth . Pondus omnium tritis a Lembico distillentur .

FINIS

Notes, typically marginal, from the original text

Notes for div A11573-e230

Notes for div A11573-e9740