IF the Silke-worme had been knowne by the auncient Authors and writers of Agriculture and husbandry , we need not doubt , but the praise of so rich & worthy a creature had been sung by them , as they haue done that of Bees : but by such default , it hath remained without name many ages . Virgil discourses ▪ as by passing , of the rich fleece that the Forrests of Ethiopia , & Setes brought forth , without mentioning the quality or meanes to gather it See in these words .

The first notice of silke at Rome . From whence some , as Solin and Sernius , haue thought this to be Silke and that to proceed directly of the trees ▪ Such hath been the first notice of the Silke giuen in Italie , which was in the raigne of the Emperour Octauius Augustus confirmed by Plinie more then seuenty yeeres after , ( for hee liued in the time of Vespatian ) he ther to addeth , that in the I le of Coos , there growe , Cypres trees , Turpentine trees , Ashes , and Okes ; of the leaues of which trees , fallen to the ground in maturity , through humiditie of the same , breede wormes bringing forth silke . That in Assyria the Silke-worme called by the Greekes and Latines , Bombyx , makes his neast vpon the earth , which he fastens to the stones , where it hardneth very much , remaining there conferued all the yeere , that makes webs after the fashion of Spiders . Aristotle also saith , that in the I le of Coos , Pamphyllia daughter of L●tous , was the first inuentris of spinning and weauing silke , by the which intricate and folded ▪ vp discourses , compared to the practick of these times , appeareth how far off the ancients were from the true knowledge of the Silke-worme , hauing not knowne from whence they came , nor how they are nourished , so by their silence they witnesse , in holding their peace , of the egges , and the leaues of the Mulberries for their food .

V●piscus witnesseth , that in the time of the Emperour Aurelian ( two hundred yeeres after Vespatian and more ) silke was sold for the weight of gold , for which dearnes , but especially for modesty , he would neuer weare to be all of silke , but mingled with other matter ; although Heliogabalus his predecessor was not so sparing , as saith Lampridius . Like modestie is noted of King Henry the second , which would neuer weare silke stockings , although that in his time the vse of them was then receiued in France . Many others in divers times , haue spoken of the silke , as Solin , Marcelin , and S●r●in● , which name the Silke-worme Zir , from whence comes the Latin wood , Siricam , that is to say , Silke , as witnesseth Pausanias in his description of Greece , Martial also makes mention of the silke by these verses .

And of the work of Silk-wormes Propertius saith , Nec si qua Arabia lucet Bombyce puella .

Vlpian an auncient Lawyer , speaketh of the silke in the title De Auro & Argento Legato , in this sort , vestimentorum sunt omnia lanea , lineaque vel serica bombycina &c. It is a thing receiued of al , that the inhabitants The beginning of the silke . of the country of Seres , first of al manifested the silke , hauing brought the seed from the I le Taprobane , otherwise Sumata , situate vnder the Aequinoctiall , in longitude from them of forty sixe , to forty eight degrees of latitude . The country of Seres , so called of a citie of the Prouince , is that which at this day is named , Cattay and Cambalis , in East Asia , adioyning on the West to Scytia Asiatick ; and of the South to the Indies , gouerned by the great Cham of Tartary . At the length these things came to light , by two Monks , which brought from Sera a citie of the country of Cattay the graine of Silke-wormes to Iustinian to Constantinople , ( the raigne of which Emperour began the yeere of Christ 526. ) from whence the knowledge of rearing and bringing vp this creature , is dispersed throughout all Europe . So Procopius hath written after many other . From the citie of Panorme Where first of all the silke was wrought in Europ , and finally in Scicile is come the manner to vse the silke , where first of all it was shewed by the meanes of certaine workmen in this arte , brought thither prisoners by ●●ger King of the for●said I le of Scicile , in the time of the Emperor Conrade . Lastly these excellent sciences haue taken footing in certain Prouinces of this realm , but by tract of time and distances , not all at once ▪

For as God hath accustomed to distribute his benefits by little and little , so much the better to make vs relish his graces : so the knowledge of the Mulberry tree hath first been giuen vnto vs , after that the vse of it , to the end to make prouision of food , before we charge our selues with the creature .

In what time , and in what Prouince of this kingdom . I will not here reckon the causes and times of their more forward bringing in into this Realme , but in the raigne of Charles the 8. in the voyage that this King made to the kingdome of Naples , the yeere a thousand , foure hundred , fourescore and foureteene , some Gentlemen of his traine , hauing noted the richnes of the silke , at their returne home did affect to prouide their houses of such commoditie . Afterwardes the warres of Italy ending , they sent to Naples , to fetch plants of Mulberries , which they placed in Prouence , by reason of the little distance of climates of each countrey , making the enterprise easie . Some say it was in the borders of such a prouince , ioyned with that of Dauphine , where the Mulberries first grew , marking also Alan , neere to Montellimar , which was then planted by the meanes of his Lord , which accompanied the King in his voyage : As the old great white Mulberries yet at this day to be seene , giue some assurance . But be it there , or elsewhere , it is certaine that in diuers places of Prouence , Langredoc , Dauphine , the principalitie of Crenge , and aboue all the Countie of Venessaine and the Arshbish opricke of Auignon , ( for the great commerce that they haue with the Italians ) the Mulberries and their seruice are at this present verie well knowne , there also the handling of the silke appeareth in great beautie ; where continually increaseth an earnest desire to plant Mulberries , for the experimented commoditie which comes of them . In summe , there the Mulberry is held for the most assured pennie falling into the purse . At Toures this busines is already receiued with great profit and applause ; and certaine yeeres since hath begun to manifest it selfe at Caen in low Normandy ; yet vnknowne to the Silk wil come faire & good throughout al this Realme , a few places excepted . rest of this kingdome , through the carelesse retchlesnesse of the inhabitants , and to the great shame , almost of all these prouinces , seeing that in them the Mulberrie , and Silk-worme may liue and profit . For the affection I beare to the publike , I haue in the beginning of the yeere a thousand fiue hundred eightie nine caused to bee printed a particular Treatise of this foode and norture , intituled , The gathering of the Silke , and addressed it to those of the common Counsell of the citie of Paris , to the end that thereby their people might be sufficiently stirred vp , to draw from the entrailes and bowels of their landes , the rich treasure of silke therein hidden . By this meanes , bringing to light the millions of gold inclosed and locked vp : and by such riches to finish the honor of their city , with this last of her ornaments , abounding aboue the rest in all sorts of riches . Amongst the pleasant places of the void fields of Paris , I haue marked Madril , and Vicenes wood , royall mansions , and very capable to receiue and norish three hundred thousand Mulberries , for the largenes and qualitie of their grounds , and facultie of the aire , the leaues of such trees in their times , may bee happily and profitablie employed ; The apparence of which is great , to draw from thence abundance of silke , for the publike commodity , and particular profit of the citie of Paris , when by dressing of the silke , it shall nourish infinite numbers of people of her proper inhabitants , and poore and miserable folkes , which flocke thither from all the Prouinces of the Realme .

What places it desireth . Where the Vine groweth , there also will come the silke , an apparent demonstration , sufficiently verified by reiterated experiences , in diuers countries discordant of climats . Nay going farther , where the Mulberry only liues , without speaking of the Vine , the Silk-worme will not chuse but profit ; as is knowne not long since , within the citie of Leiden in Holland , in the yeers a thousand fiue hundred ninety three , nintie foure and ninty fiue ; where the Noble Duchesse of Ascot caused to be nourished Silk-worms with good successe , and of the silke which came of them , was made apparell , which her gentlewomen wore , with great wonder of those which saw it , because of the coldnes of the countrie . Histories record that in the time of the auncient Gaules , France brought forth no wine : behold now at this day abundantly prouided of so exquisite a drinke , by dexterity of those which haue opportunly imploied their profitable curiosity . Many beasts and strange plants , consent to liue amongst vs with requisite care , ( which former times held impossible ) the which euery one notes almost euery where , without comming to examples . I will not heere reckon vp the Orenge trees , Lymon trees , Pouncitron trees , and other precious trees , which are nourished in all aires and countries , though neuer so cold , seeing that in such curiositie ●unnes out great expence .

The care of gathering the silke is not alike , the end of that is profit , not only particular delectation . For there is no heede at all to be taken for the Mulberries which as in the open field , it is onely for the little cattle that feares the cold , which would bee preserued from it . And what thing is easier to do then that , how cold soeuer the countrie bee , seeing the Silk-wormes are lodged in houses , and not abroad , and also in a season , not altogether cold but in the spring time , and part of the sommer ? All the hindrance that can be here alleaged , is , that the gathering the silke will bee more late then in a south countrie : what importeth that , so one hath abundance of good and fine silke , if one reapes not in the north parts in May and Iune , as they doe in Languedoc and Prouence , if they doe it in Iuly and August ? In like manner , wee want no store of good wine in France , though our vintage be not so soone as in hotter countries . The Mulberries haue foregone the knowledge of nourishing the Wormes , as I haue saide , in attending the which , many vpon hearesaie , were constrained in vaine to nourish Silk-wormes , & haue discredited such husbandry , esteeming this cattell can profit but in places where they hauebeen of long time naturalizde , whereby , with impatience haue extirped and puld vp the Mulberries as vnprofitable trees , which before , and at the first report of their worth , they had planted with great affection . But those which constantly haue attended the seasons , are proued better husbands , and abundantly prouided of Mulberry leaues , then , when the knowledge to guide and conduct this creature is knowne : an example which is marked at Nismes , & in many other places of Languedoc , seruing for instruction of those which at this day wil delight in so profitable an husbandry : the which to their contentment they shal find in these discourses , assembled the Sciences , both to dresse the trees , and nourish the creatures : whereby they shall be deliuered from the trouble of a languishing attempt , and the hazard of ill feeding the Wormes .

Silke brought first into the heart of France by the King . The King right well knowing these things , by the discourse which he commanded me to make for him on this subiect , the yeere a thousand fiue hundred ninety eight , resolued to haue white Mulberrie trees brought vp in all the gardens of his houses . And for this effect , in the yeere following that his Maiesty went the voyage of Sauoy , sent into Prouence , Languedoc , and Viuares ▪ Monsieur de Burdeaux , Baron of Colences , generall Surueyor of the gardens of France , a Lord accomplisht with all rare vertues ▪ and by this same way the King honored mee to write vnto me , to imploy me for recouery of the foresaid plants ; to which I gaue such diligence , that by the beginning of the yeere 1601 , there was brought to Paris to the number betweene fifteene and twentie thousand . The which were planted in diuers places in the gardens of Tuilleries , where they are happily sprung vp . And his Maiestie not willing that such treasures should remaine any longer thrust together in certaine corners of his realme , but that his people should vniuersally relish them , adding to the riches of the peace , which by his meanes and the celestiall fauour , all France most quietly enioyeth , hath ordayned by the Commissioners already deputed by his Maiestie for the generall commerce , should aduise for the most easiest dispatches that might bee possible , to furnish his kingdome with Mulberries , to the end to gather silke from them ; and in going on to establish the handiworke . Vpon which , and following his Maiesties will , after good and mature deliberation , contracts were passed with the merchants vpon this subiect , at Paris the fourteenth of October and the third of December a thousand sixe hundreth and two , confirmed authorised , and ratified by Letters Patents of his Maiestie , contayning the furnishing of the said Mulberries in the foure generalities of Paris , Orleans , Toures , and Lion . Also of a certaine quantity of seede or graine of the said trees , to be dispersed by the elections of the said Generalities . And for so much more to accelerate and aduance the said enterprise , and to make knowne and diuulge the facilitie of this worke , his Maiestie caused expressely to be builded a great house at the end of his garden of Tuilleries at Paris , furnished with all necessaries , as wel for feeding the Wormes , as for the first works of the silke : enioyning furthermore , that all the leaues that mought be found , as well of white , as black Mulberries , already planted in diuers places of the said generalities , should be taken by the expertests for this deputed , and employed to the nourishing of the Wormes the said yeere , to the end to giue generall notice that the temperature of the aire , and francknesse of the soyle are more then sufficient to bring forth silke , in like or better force , lustre , and goodnesse than that which we haue accustomed to receiue with great expence , from prouinces the most farthest off . All which things haue so easily sprung out through the grace of God , and the good successe of our Prince , for whom theheauens haue reserued all the most excellent inuentions of our age , that wee must no more doubt , but within short space , by the continuation of his thrice excellent beginnings , France shall see it selfe redeemed from the value of more then foure millions of gold , that euery yeere goeth out for furniture of stuffes compounded of this substance , or of the matter it selfe , to the end to worke it in this kingdome . Behold the beginning of the introduction of silke into the heart of France , where the example of his Maiestie hath been ioyned to his commaundements with great efficacie , for the good of his people .

Into Germany by the Duke of Wittenberge . And as by commendable emulation , worthie Sciences neuer rest in one only place , but passe euer forwarder in the spirits of vertuous personages , it is come to passe not long since , that Frederick Duke of Witenberg , a Prince meriting all praise , hath established in his territories , both the feeding of the Silk-wormes , and the handling of such matter . The successe whereof hath been so fortunate in the beginnings , that those haue been constrained to confesse the enterprise to bee profitable , which before condemned the counsell of it , builded vpon the coldnes of the countrey of Germanie .

The Worme brings forth Silke . But seeing that the silke comes directly from the Worme , which vomits forth all the silke ; and the Worme proceeds from the graine , the which is kept ten moneths of the yeere , as a dead thing , taking life againe in his season . The worme is nourished of the leafe of the Mulberrie , the onely victuall of this creature , which liuing no longer then sixe , seuen , or eight weekes , more or lesse , according to the countrey and constitution of the yeere ( the heate shortning his life , and on the contrarie the cold lengthening it ) within this little while , by the silke which he leaues vs ▪ he paieth largely the expence of his feeding . As the nations are sundrie which keepe him , so is he named diuersly . The Greekes and Latins haue called him Bombyx : and at this day in Italy , Caualieri , and Bachi ; and in Spaine , Glauor : in France , Vers-a-soye ; in Languedoc , Prouence and there abouts , Magniaux .

What earth and what manuring the Mulberrie desireth , what seede of wormes is to be chosen , what lodging , and what handling the beast requireth , which comes of those , what is his bearing and vse , shall bee shewed hereafter . By which discourses , shall cleerely appeare the riches of this foode : and that the land imployed to such husbandrie , brings more mony in lesse time , than by other fruits which may bee planted on it , at least , whereof one may make any account . An audit of the expence , and the comming in of this feeding .

Commonly , a thousand pounds of the leaues of Mulberries being ten hundred waight , is sufficient to satisfie and feede an ounce of the seede of Silk-wormes ; and the ounce of graine , makes fiue , or sixe pounds of silke ; euery pound being worth two or three crownes , and more ; wherefore ten or twelue crownes come of ten hundred waite of leaues : the which quantitie twentie , or fiue and twentie trees of a meane sise will alwaies bring forth ; yea a much lesse number wil suffice them , if they be old trees and great , as there are in many places , as neere Auignon , being so ample and abundant in armes and branches , that one tree will furnish with sufficient leaues to feede an ounce of seede . But because such trees so qualified are very rare , there is no certain account to be made . For the cost of the affaire , the fourth of the totall is taken : so there remaines three parts of liquid reuenew , which makes seuen crownes and a halfe , or nine crownes , that twentie , or fiue and twentie Mulberries will bring euery yeere . I confesse that alwaies an ounce of seede doth not make fiue or sixe pound of silke , for sometimes it makes almost nothing ; when by the infelicitie and vnluckinesse of the season the leafe being ill qualified , by vnholsome nourishment , causeth diuers maladies in the Wormes , when the pest is rife amongst this cattell ; or when their stages are not made verie firme where the Wormes are lodged , falling vpon them are surely killed , or when by other accidents they die . But likewise it is a thing confessed of all those which exercise themselues to this foode , that such a yeere happens , when an ounce of feede will arise to make ten pound of silke and more : and that is then when the race of the creature , his lodging , his foode , the time , the hand of the gouernour , doe acccord and agreee for the good of this household . And who knowes not that corne , wine , fruits of trees , and cattell , of ten times faile by tempests , drowthes , humidities , & other excesses of the yeere ? And who would desist from tilling and sowing the ground , or who would stub vp his Vines and trees , or casshier the food of this little beast , for their fayling in some yeer ? There is none to be found so brainlesse and ill aduised . It shall appeare hereafter that by the gouernment of this creature there can be nothing raised without curiositie , diligence , and expence : For the which things many despise this houshold , as fantastique , painefull , and chargeable . But they deceiue themselues , because they consider not , that for moderate hire , one shall finde people ●now sufficient exactly vnderstanding this art , which will vndergoe the charge of all that which depends vpon it .

Of gathering the leaues . And for to particularise the expences , I may say , that an hundreth or sixskore gatherers , whereof three quarters , are women , or boyes ▪ are sufficient to gather all the leaues necessarie to feed ten ounces of the seed of the Wormes , and to bring them into the place of the cattell , the Mulberries being not farre distant from the house as is requisit . To the payment of which worke for the qualitie of the persons , ariseth not to much mony . For it is in victuals that the most is consumed . But if the feeding of the leafegatherers trouble you ; for money only you may be supplied with their seruice by the day , or by the gathering , according to the order of many cities where such traffique is vsed .

The wages of the Gouernour . Touching the gouernour , his wages are commonly two , three , or foure crowns a moneth , besides his diet : and his charge is to gouerne the Wormes , and to hatch them from their seede euen till their silke bee made ; that is to say , to render it wound vp ▪ One only man will gouerne so many Wormes as you wil , prouided hee bee assisted : the which will be done with folke of little price , seeing all sorts of persons , men and women are capable of it .

Touching the seed . As for the feed of the Wormes , you are not to recken vp that which they haue cost you , because they will restore you enough euery yeere in renuing them , for the conseruation of the graine . But here will lie such expence in the rancke of that made in the buying of bords and tables , for the skaffolds , as also for the making fit the lodging : these things are to be ordained for the ground-worke of this reuenue being durable , & without consuming , at the least but very little . And although it is requisit to haue euery yeere some small quantity of new seed , to continue a good race , as shall be said , yet is there for that no more expence , seeing that of the sale of the seed , which you shall reserue , you may buy of another for your purpose .

Vpon which discourses making your account , you shall find that much better cheape you shall keep the Wormes comming of ten ounces of grain , then fiue and twenty or thirty sheepe : for the which , yea for lesse number , you must keepe a shepheard all the yeere ▪ which are three hundred sixtie fiue daies . So by that you euidently see how much the expences of one cattell differs from the other : And by this reckoning , which of the two makes more reuenue , though that by vniuersall iudgement the yeelding of sheepe is very profitable . And doubt not , but that Cato in his answeres touching feeding , for to become rich , had meant it of the Silke-worme , if This feeding hindereth no worke of the ground . hee had had the knowledge of it . The feeding of Silke-wormes is likewise very commendable , because they hinder not any worke of the fields ; comming in the moneths of Aprill and May , when they haue no other occupation to call them from it . Giuing such backwardnes , a meane for the master easily to find sufficient people to serue this turne : the which in this time hauing no other busines , are very easie to be had , to get their liuing , and some piece of money , to come forth out of the backe season of the yeere ; wherby the nourishing of this cattell is made more easie , by them only contemned , which know not how much the ell is worth : But for the rest , the licorishnesse of the coyne , that they drawe from it ( without losse of their other husbandrie , but as casuall accompts ) affects them continually , to plant new Mulberrie trees , with augmentation of the number , in like sort to augment their reuenue .

Of the Mulberrie trees . The Mulberry trees being the chiefest foundation of this reue 〈…〉 e , that shall be the first whereat you shall leuell , for to plant so great a quantitie , and so soone , that in a short time they may giue you contentment . The which you cannot hope of a small number while they are young , for the little leafe-age which they render , till they are come to a meane growth . But to attend while the Mulberries haue reacht their perfect greatnes , and not till then to disleaue them , to serue in this purpose , would bee to passe your time without tasting the sweetnes of this reuenue . Wherfore it is necessary to haue abundance of these trees , to the end that of many little ones , you may draw as many leaues , as from a few great ones . So without much tarrying after their planting , you shall reape pleasure and profit within a few yeeres . Such a great quantitie of Mulberries may be limited to two or three thousand trees ; a lesse number , I thinke the master of the worke ought not to enterprise this busines withall : because here is a question of the profit , which cannot grow but of a sufficient number of trees . For the particular nature of the worke , it is necessary here to employ it in a great volume , otherwise the play wil not be worthy the candle ; that being for women , which for pleasure nourish some few of this creature . Yet the master of the worke shall not stay heere in so faire a way , but shall augment alwaies his Mulberrie yard , therto adding euery yeere certaine hundreds of Mulberrie trees , for that at the length , plentiously abounding in leaues , he may haue wherwith to nourish great quantity of Wormes ; and the rest also for the succour of his trees , whereof a part shall rest , as shall be demonstrated in these discourses following .

The 7. booke , 7. chapter of Husbandrie . Of the order requisite to plant , and bring vp the Mulberries , is not heere a question to speake of , elsewhere the Science being shewed : but very well to represent the obseruations necessary for their scituation and entertainement ; that the trees may be conueniently lodged and gouerned , to endure long in seruice . For not taking good heed , within a little time they wil faile , as waxing old in their first youth . These trees are so easie to take roote , that wheresoeuer it please you , you may bring them vp : but with much more aduancement , they will grow in a fatte and moyst ground , then in a leane and dry . For the quantitie of the leaues , it is to be desired , to plant the trees in a good soile , but not for the quality ; because that the leafe neuer comes forth so fruitfully out of the fat earth as out of the leane ( hauing that of common with the Vines ) whereof the most exquisite grow in a light molde , so that that land there brings a grosse and fulsome leafe , and this here a delicate and sauorous ; likewise of the nurture of this latter leafe , the Wormes commonly make a good end ; the which happens very rarely of the other , yet that The fifth place for good and wholesome leaues . is by the meeting of a kindly season . The leaues of Mulberries will be well qualified as appertaineth , if you plant them in a leane place , & far from springs of water , prouided that they he exposed to the Sun , for with the Vines , the Mulberries hate a watrish and shadowie situation : in some there will bee the most assured foode , where thevines grow best . And though that the Vine , & the Mulberries , to compare them together , brings forth more in a strong ground then in a feeble ; yet so it is that the little of their bearing being delicate , is more to bee prized then the abundance of that which is grosse . Adding , that touching this cattell here , one cannot abuse nor deceiue him in giuing him meate , contrary to his nature , for either he will refuse to eate it , or eating of it will neuer doe well . And this his delicatenesse , turnes to the profit of his master , which imployes his leane grounds in Mulberries , and by consequent occupies not his fertill plow-lands , which remaine to him francke , and not charged with these trees : of which the importunitie is very great oppressing by the rootes and branches , almost all sorts of seede which can be sowed neere them . But to thinke also to plant Mulberries in a base and infertill ground , that should be a falling into extremitie , grossely deceiuing ones selfe , for the little growth they will make although they take there ; their tarditie giuing you cause enough to repent you of this Where to plantthe Mulberrie . counsell . These shall be then the places where you shall edifie your Mulberries , which you shall iudge proper for the vine ; that is to wit , in a soyle of a meane goodnes rather drie then moyst , light then heauie , sandy then clayie . Such a ground will beare leaues to your desire , and in a meane quantitie whereby you shall haue sufficient , by the way of numbers of trees , amplifying them as hath been said .

How to dispose the Mulberries for woodes in ranckes . From foure to foure fathoms , or from fiue to fiue , in al pathes to the line , you shall plante the Mulberries if you wil make forrests of them & desiring to dispose them by ranks at the borders of your plough lands , or about the sides of other possessions ; they may be planted somewhat neerer together without restraining than too much : the which cannot be done without great losse to the trees : one may very well amplifie the distance , as much as one will , for the Mulberries cannot be set too far a sunder , seeing the apparent profit that the aire , the Sun , & the amplitude of the grounds , aides to the growing great of the trees , and goodnesse of the leaues . But for that , the onely sides and By allies . borders of arable lands , Vineyardes & other parts of a demeanes moderately large , doe not suffice to receiue a great number of Mulberries requisit for abundance of food : and that elsewhere , the leaues of the trees which are within the thickets , is not so good as those about , because they neither haue sun nor windes at libertie . A meane between these two extreames hath been found , conueniently to plant the Mulberries , for the profit of their leaues , and without hindering the tillage of good lands ; that is , to plant the Mulberries amongst the lands , in double racks equally distant two fathomes and a halfe , being of like measure espaced one tree from an other , the two rancks making one alley , and to dispose the allees in length and crosse the field , intercrossing one another , leauing great square plots emptie , euery one conteyning an acre , or more if one wil , there to sow corne , which will bee reaped without being trowden downe by the gatherers of the leaues : But these will be the allies , which onely will suffer the treading downe , where for their small occupation of ground , the losse of the corne will not be great . It will likewise be necessarie to plant the trees in such sort , that they be not one right against the other , to the end not to enterpresse , rather that he of one ranke be set against the emptie place of the other , by that they will haue aire enough to grow flourishngly by the aide of the Sun , which will remaine free for them on the sides of the great squares . In the which , not onely may bee commodiously sowne corne , but also planted vines where they will profit ; being not there too much cloyed with the shaddow of the trees , yea spread with pastures , hauing but giuen to the trees 4 or 5 yeres , for to roote . For by the manner of the parted land , of the allies , well tilled , and sometimes dunged the Mulberries will profit enough . For the hard turfe of the pasture cannot much hurt them , seeing it ioyneth but on one side . So shall the Mulberrie-yard bee directed , with much profit for the good of the leaues , and without any thing hindring the demeanes ; which so furnished with Mulberries will remaine most pleasant to behold , so will they spread and amplifie , so much the better , the more often the master shall visit his land , as to that he shall bee stirred vp by the easie walks in these faire allies , in which , if it seemeth him good , he shal sowe some graines , as oats or field pease , which will alwaies pay for tillage of the ground .