¶
The
discourse
from
time
,
to
TIME
HOWE
THIS
SCIENCE
of
Architecture
increased
.
IN
the
beginning
of
the
world
,
Nature
by
necessitie
dyd
firste
inuent
straunge
maner
of
couertures
or
houses
for
the
people
to
inhabyte
in
.
But
of
all
suche
order
and
forme
of
buyldinges
as
were
before
Noes
fludde
,
it
shall
not
nede
to
make
rehersall
.
But
after
the
fludde
of
Noe
,
the
people
agayne
,
when
they
were
increased
and
multiplied
,
did
daylye
more
and
more
,
seeke
for
theyr
commoditie
to
be
defended
from
the
heate
of
the
Sunne
,
and
coldenesse
of
the
ayer
:
some
succoured
them selues
vnder
the
shadowe
of
trees
,
and
other
taking
occasion
thereby
,
deuised
to
set
vp
forked
stakes
,
with
the
forkes
vp
wardes
,
and
there
vpon
layed
bowes
.
Afterwardes
they
still
deuised
and
daylye
did
practise
more
and
more
in
that
kinde
.
And
in
time
,
they
perceyuing
the
vse
of
cutting
with
yron
,
did
set
vpright
trees
as
they
had
before
,
wyth
theyrstakes
being
done
with
their
handes
,
and
bycause
they
should
not
cleaue
witth
the
heauines
of
theyr
burdens
aboue
at
the
toppe
,
they
compassed
them
about
wyth
ringes
of
Yron
,
and
called
them
Pillers
or
Columnes
.
The
forme
and
shape
of
which
Pillers
,
they
did
imitate
,
fashioning
them
of
stone
.
And
then
they
callynge
to
theyr
remembraunce
the
fludde
of
Noe
,
which
had
drowned
all
the
world
,
deuised
to
build
the
towre
of
Babilon
.
So
they
added
in
steede
of
the
rynge
aboue
at
the
toppe
of
their
pillers
,
these
,
which
our
author
Vitrinius
calleth
Astragali
,
and
Apophigis
.
So
in
proces
of
time
,
diuers
witty
men
euer
addinge
some
thinge
thereto
,
at
the
last
it
came
to
some
perfection
.
Then
did
they
beginne
to
deuise
and
practise
after
dyuers
fashions
,
and
buylded
a
great
parte
of
the
tower
.
In
which
buylding
came
the
deuision
of
tounges
,
or
languages
,
whereby
these
buylders
were
parted
and
scattered
abrode
vpon
the
face
of
the
earth
,
and
inhabited
many
straunge
countreyes
,
and
began
to
buylde
in
Egipte
,
and
after
that
in
many
other
places
,
as
semeth
by
the
workes
,
which
Belus
,
Ninus
,
and
Semiramis
buylded
,
which
were
spred
so
farre
,
as
som
men
do
suppose
that
Trier
in
lowe
Doutcheland
should
haue
bene
buylded
of
the
brother
of
Ninus
as
ye
may
perceyue
by
Berosus
,
Herodotus
,
and
many
other
that
are
writers
and
witnesses
of
the
same
.
Yea
,
shortly
after
was
made
Memphis
,
the
whiche
nowe
is
named
Alkayre
,
the
whiche
was
buylded
by
a
kinge
of
Egipte
,
hauing
in
compasse
round
about
,
one
hundred
and
fiftye
stades
,
or
as
some
interpretate
it
,
so
many
furlonges
,
and
in
like
maner
the
auncient
citie
of
Thebes
in
Grece
,
besides
many
other
cities
,
which
were
made
before
and
after
.
In
the
which
it
is
to
be
supposed
,
that
there
were
sumptuous
temples
and
Pallaces
.
So
,
that
they
were
experte
and
began
in
the
science
to
come
to
more
perfection
.
And
immediately
after
a
wittie
man
named
Dorus
(
the
sonne
of
Helemer
and
Optix
the
Nymphe
)
inuented
and
made
the
firste
piller
drawen
to
perfection
,
and
called
it
Dorica
,
after
his
owne
name
.
Shortlye
after
him
,
there
was
Iôn
,
sonne
of
Xuthus
,
that
was
made
gouernour
of
a
part
of
Caria
,
which
he
had
wonne
,
he
in
that
countrey
buylded
these
cities
folowing
,
Priem
,
Samum
,
Teorem
,
Colophonem
,
Nachiū
,
Erithren
,
Phoceam
,
Clazomenas
,
Lebedum
,
Melyten
,
of
the
which
,
the
citizeins
afterwardes
draue
out
of
that
countrey
the
Caryans
,
and
called
it
Ionia
,
after
theyr
kinges
name
,
and
then
they
made
their
churches
and
Temples
of
their
Goddes
,
and
first
began
with
Appollo
his
Temple
,
as
they
had
sene
it
in
Grecia
before
.
And
they
not
knowing
any
measure
of
pillours
considered
howe
to
make
a
iust
Symetrie
,
that
it
might
be
comely
and
also
stronge
,
toke
their
mesure
by
the
foote
of
a
stronge
fashioned
manne
,
findinge
him
to
be
in
height
sixe
times
,
the
length
of
hys
foote
,
and
so
by
that
mesure
finished
all
the
partes
of
that
piller
,
and
called
it
Dorica
,
bycause
they
hadde
sene
it
in
the
workes
of
Dorus
,
and
so
therewith
finished
the
temple
of
Appollo
,
after
that
they
deuised
to
make
a
temple
to
the
goddesse
Diana
,
wherein
they
dyd
deuise
an
other
Symetrie
,
for
that
temple
,
as
they
hadde
done
for
the
temple
of
Appollo
,
and
fashioned
it
after
the
iuste
measure
of
a
woman
,
to
the
ende
and
purpose
,
it
shoulde
be
more
beautifull
and
sklender
,
making
it
eighte
Diameters
,
in
height
,
and
called
it
Ionica
,
after
their
countrey
,
adding
therunto
in
the
stead
of
her
shoowe
,
that
which
Vitruuius
,
nameth
Spira
,
and
in
the
Capitel
,
was
set
Voluta
,
in
the
steade
of
her
heare
,
whiche
trussed
vp
with
a
lace
,
on
eyther
side
of
her
heade
,
for
an
ornature
and
garnishment
of
the
Capitell
They
also
fashioned
the
body
of
the
pilloure
,
and
filled
it
with
Canalicoli
,
and
Striges
,
as
thoughe
it
were
the
plates
of
her
garmentes
.
Then
they
being
more
delighted
with
the
beautifulnes
of
the
height
therof
added
also
an
other
Diameter
,
vnto
the
forsaid
Dorica
,
and
made
it
seuen
Diameters
,
in
heght
.
After
that
in
the
citie
of
Corinthe
,
was
buried
a
certaine
maiden
,
after
whose
burial
her
nourishe
(
who
lamented
much
her
death
)
knowing
her
delightes
to
haue
bene
in
pretye
cuppes
and
suche
like
conceytes
in
her
life
time
,
with
many
other
proper
thinges
appertayninge
onely
to
the
pleasure
of
the
eye
,
toke
them
,
and
brake
them
,
and
put
them
into
a
littell
preatie
baskette
,
and
did
sette
the
basket
on
her
graue
,
and
couered
the
basket
with
a
square
pauinge
stone
.
That
done
,
with
weping
teares
she
sayde
Let
pleasure
go
wyth
pleasure
,
and
so
the
nourishe
departed
.
It
chaunced
that
the
basket
was
set
vpon
a
certain
roote
of
an
herbe
called
Acanthus
,
in
frenche
Branckursine
,
or
bearefote
with
vs
,
now
in
the
spring
time
of
the
yere
,
when
euery
roote
spreadeth
fourth
his
leaues
,
in
the
encreasing
they
did
ronne
vp
by
the
sides
of
the
basket
,
vntill
they
coulde
ryse
no
higher
for
the
stone
,
that
couered
the
basket
,
whiche
being
square
and
castinge
hys
sowre
corners
ouer
the
sydes
of
the
rounde
basket
,
constrained
the
braunches
of
the
herbe
to
draw
downwardes
againe
with
a
sertaine
compasse
,
and
so
grewe
to
the
fashion
that
Vitruuius
,
calleth
Voluta
.
So
is
there
also
other
smaller
that
come
oute
of
the
Caules
,
and
stalkes
,
and
are
named
in
greeke
Helices
,
and
the
basket
beynge
hydden
vnderneth
wyth
a
multitude
of
leaues
.
In
thys
cytie
one
Calimachus
,
an
excellent
Architectur
,
passyng
or
goinge
thereby
,
regardinge
the
beawtifull
worke
of
nature
,
afterwardes
vsing
then
the
measures
of
the
forsayde
Pillours
,
makynge
the
pillour
Ionycke
,
vpon
the
whiche
pillor
or
Scapus
thereof
,
he
set
the
Capitell
,
the
whiche
he
hadde
sene
vpon
the
tombe
of
the
mayden
,
the
whiche
garnished
beatifully
the
whole
pillor
,
whiche
Capitell
,
was
in
height
the
thicknes
of
the
pillor
,
and
named
it
Corinthia
,
because
it
was
made
in
the
cytie
of
Corinthe
,
by
thandes
of
Calimachus
,
who
for
the
excellence
of
that
arte
was
named
Catatechnos
,
and
after
that
this
worke
growing
more
and
more
to
perfection
came
to
the
Romaynes
,
and
so
through
oute
all
Italie
,
and
manye
other
places
,
yea
,
and
was
throughlye
practised
by
them
.
Then
the
Tuscanes
,
beginning
to
builde
,
hauing
knowlaige
of
the
pillor
,
whiche
was
firste
inuented
by
the
Ionians
,
vpon
the
Symetrie
,
of
a
strong
manne
inuented
to
buylde
stronglye
after
the
maner
aforsayde
,
yea
,
and
to
garnishe
also
theyr
cyties
and
townes
beautifullye
with
a
pillour
of
their
owne
deuise
whyche
yet
at
this
present
time
,
remayneth
wholle
in
the
citie
of
Forence
and
in
the
countreis
there
about
they
fourmed
and
fashioned
that
pillor
,
whyche
to
thys
daye
is
named
after
the
sayde
countrey
Tuscana
.
The
Romains
,
then
wel
practised
in
their
measures
of
all
the
rest
of
their
Columes
,
and
also
desirous
to
encreace
so
noble
an
arte
,
by
some
noble
accession
,
beholdyng
and
regardinge
the
beautifulnes
of
these
foresayd
pillors
,
that
is
to
say
.
Tuscana
,
Dorica
,
Ionica
,
Corinthia
,
gathered
oute
of
eche
of
the
same
pillers
,
that
,
whyche
they
thought
moste
faire
,
and
made
a
piller
of
pleasure
or
triumphe
,
after
the
moste
excellent
maner
that
euer
was
before
.
This
piller
was
firste
buylded
to
his
perfection
in
the
time
of
Titus
,
Vespasianus
,
who
sette
it
at
hys
triumphe
in
the
higheste
place
of
hys
arche
triumphall
,
and
called
it
Composita
,
or
as
some
doo
name
her
Italica
.
These
pillers
,
partelye
for
their
beautye
and
comlines
,
partelye
for
their
fortitude
and
strength
,
the
writers
of
them
,
haue
resembled
and
lykned
to
sertain
feyned
Goddes
and
Goddesses
.
As
namely
Tuscana
,
is
applied
vnto
Atlas
,
the
kynge
of
Mauritania
:
Dorica
,
vnto
Hercules
and
the
god
Mars
:
Ionica
to
Diana
,
or
Appollo
.
Corinthia
vnto
Vesta
or
some
lyke
virgin
,
and
Composita
,
to
Pandora
,
of
Hesiodus
,
the
which
he
faineth
to
haue
ben
endewed
wyth
diuers
of
those
graces
and
coninge
,
wherwith
the
beforenamed
Goddes
and
Goddesses
were
indewed
,
so
that
it
semeth
by
the
auncient
writers
and
Authors
,
which
haue
made
rehersall
of
these
thinges
,
that
they
haue
bene
had
in
great
estimation
and
prise
,
as
ye
maye
wel
parceyue
by
Ysis
,
whiche
buylded
a
temple
in
Egipte
for
her
father
Iupiter
,
bycause
her
husbande
Osiris
,
and
she
were
in
great
estimation
,
and
also
for
theyr
beautifull
inuentions
and
wysedome
,
were
honored
as
goddes
.
This
maye
well
be
gathered
by
their
pillers
and
ornamentes
,
that
belong
therunto
,
the
whyche
were
noted
and
marked
with
He
brewe
letters
,
and
also
by
the
Sepulcres
of
Amasis
,
whych
was
made
more
,
then
.
M.
D
yeres
before
the
birthe
of
Christe
,
in
the
whiche
one
of
the
Pyramides
was
CCClx.
thousande
mens
workes
,
the
space
of
twentye
yeares
,
the
whyche
remayneth
in
Egipte
to
be
sene
at
this
present
daye
,
and
manye
other
beautifull
buildinges
of
that
nacion
.
Reade
.
Diado
.
Sic.
li.
1.2
.
Also
it
semeth
by
many
other
writers
,
that
after
Babell
decaied
,
incontinently
the
Hebrues
most
triumphantlye
florished
in
thys
pointe
.
Thus
we
maye
perceiue
that
the
Hebrues
,
receyued
their
knowlage
of
the
Babilonians
,
and
the
Grekes
,
receiued
it
of
the
Hebrues
,
in
lyke
case
the
Latines
,
and
the
Italians
receiued
their
,
from
the
Grekes
,
the
whyche
our
Author
Vitruuius
,
doth
not
deny
,
in
makynge
demonstrations
to
a
Latine
worke
with
Greke
letters
as
vpon
the
inuention
of
the
Grekes
,
whych
concerninge
hys
science
in
Architectura
,
in
the
whyche
thing
Vitruuius
,
semeth
muche
to
be
commended
,
as
one
,
that
did
not
disdayne
to
acknowledge
the
authors
and
writers
,
out
of
whom
he
receiued
his
knowledge
.
In
so
muche
,
as
in
hys
seuenthe
booke
of
Architecture
,
he
affirmeth
(
by
naming
the
notablest
of
them
)
that
they
which
haue
left
these
thinges
in
wryting
,
are
to
be
commended
,
whose
names
also
I
thought
not
altogyther
the
metest
to
be
omitted
,
&
therfore
do
rebers
these
.
Theodorus
,
which
wrot
of
the
Dorica
.
Etesiphon
and
Metageues
,
who
wrote
of
the
Ionica
,
which
was
set
in
the
temple
of
Diana
,
at
Ephesis
.
Then
Hermogenes
,
hath
written
of
Diana
in
Magnesia
,
after
Argelius
,
which
made
the
rehersal
of
the
Corinthes
.
Fistly
Sathirus
,
&
Pitheus
,
who
did
speake
of
Mansolea
,
in
Halicarnasso
,
last
both
Cares
,
Briaxes
,
Scopas
,
Praxiteles
&
many
other
,
as
Nexaria
,
Theosides
,
Philemon
,
Demophilos
,
Pollis
,
Leonides
.
Silamon
,
Melampus
,
Sarnacus
,
Euphranor
,
al
the
which
verly
,
are
to
be
thanked
&
commended
throughly
For
by
them
we
know
and
perceiue
(
as
thoughe
we
sawe
in
a
loking
glasse
)
the
thinges
,
that
haue
bene
sene
,
done
and
made
long
before
.
Neuertheles
,
it
hath
ben
withdrawen
and
hidden
(
as
almost
al
other
knowlages
,
for
a
long
season
hath
bene
)
through
ignoraunce
,
for
so
it
came
to
passe
by
the
iniurie
of
time
,
that
all
sciences
and
learning
haue
bene
kept
secret
and
not
spoken
of
,
in
so
much
that
at
this
daye
,
there
are
many
which
name
this
order
of
building
to
be
of
the
new
facion
.
But
it
can
not
he
new
,
that
hath
so
many
ancient
Authors
and
maisters
thereof
,
whom
,
namely
the
Noble
writer
or
Author
Pliny
,
hath
in
so
great
estimation
,
that
for
their
sake
he
blameth
al
them
greatly
,
that
haue
written
and
wrought
any
thing
,
and
haue
not
named
the
authors
and
maisters
,
of
whom
they
toke
their
inuention
especially
of
suche
great
and
vnspeakable
worke
,
of
which
the
honour
and
fame
,
hath
bene
asmuch
vnto
the
maker
therof
,
as
it
was
vnto
them
that
caused
those
thinges
to
be
made
.
But
now
of
thie
thinges
we
haue
spoken
ynough
,
let
vs
therfore
speake
some
what
of
the
worthynes
of
this
science
,
and
of
the
office
of
an
Architect
.
What
the
Office
and
Duetie
is
of
him
that
wyll
be
a
Perfecte
Architecte
or
Mayster
of
buyldings
.
ARchitectur
(
by
the
common
consent
of
many
notable
men
)
as
Cesarius
sayth
,
ys
of
all
artes
,
the
most
noble
and
excellent
,
Contayning
in
it
sundrie
sciences
and
knowlaiges
wherwyth
it
is
furnished
and
adourned
,
as
full
well
Vitruuius
doth
affyrme
and
declare
by
his
writinge
.
For
saith
he
,
an
Architecte
must
be
sharpe
of
vnderstandinge
and
both
quicke
and
apte
to
conceiue
the
trewe
Instructions
and
meaninges
of
them
that
haue
written
therof
:
and
must
also
be
a
perfect
distributor
of
the
great
misteries
,
that
he
hath
perceued
and
experymented
,
that
playnlye
and
briefly
he
maye
discusse
and
open
demonstrations
of
that
which
shal
be
done
or
mete
to
those
persones
,
that
shal
be
the
fownders
of
any
noble
workes
wherfore
he
ought
first
to
be
a
very
good
Grammarian
,
then
to
haue
experte
knowladg
in
drawing
and
protracting
the
thinge
,
which
he
hath
conceyued
,
Nexte
he
must
haue
a
good
sight
in
Geometrie
,
Consequently
in
Opticke
and
in
suche
lyke
sciences
he
must
haue
good
perceuerance
.
Likewise
in
Arithmeticke
he
must
be
very
parfiact
,
and
in
histories
singulerly
well
seene
.
He
must
also
haue
a
good
sighte
in
Musycke
,
and
some
knowlaige
in
Phisicke
,
not
altogether
ignoraunt
in
Astronomie
,
he
must
also
besides
all
thise
ben
Philosophie
,
very
experte
.
The
causes
why
al
thise
sciences
before
named
,
ought
to
be
in
him
that
is
a
parfaict
Architect
and
maister
of
buildinges
be
of
Vitruuius
in
this
sorte
rehersed
.
If
he
haue
(
saith
he
)
learninge
he
shall
strengthen
his
memory
,
with
all
written
bookes
,
and
throughe
drawing
vtter
his
fantasie
and
shewe
the
trike
or
fascion
of
the
thing
that
he
goeth
about
to
make
And
Geometrie
teacheth
vs
the
order
of
rules
,
Compasses
,
Squiers
,
Quadrantes
,
and
Iuste
waterleueles
with
manie
other
knowlaiges
that
procedeth
thereof
as
Euclide
,
and
other
authours
&
also
Sebastian
Serli
,
in
his
first
Chapiter
reherseth
,
Opticke
sheweth
vs
howe
and
by
what
meanes
the
lightes
should
be
set
into
the
House
,
And
howe
they
should
be
brought
from
place
to
place
,
as
to
serue
the
hole
house
,
and
euery
place
therin
,
whiche
Optica
,
is
properly
called
perspectiue
,
and
is
of
a
furder
speculacion
,
then
therin
can
or
nedeth
to
be
exprest
:
which
of
Sebastian
Serlius
,
in
his
second
booke
first
second
and
thirde
Chapiter
is
partely
declared
.
Arithmeticke
,
teacheth
vs
innumerable
poinctes
most
necessarily
required
to
the
parfaicte
knowlaige
of
this
art
▪
for
without
yt
,
we
can
neither
know
or
yet
discusse
the
measures
and
harde
sentences
or
questions
of
Symetrie
,
neither
howe
to
accompte
the
Coste
and
charges
of
our
labores
.
An
Architecte
also
must
haue
a
knowlaige
in
hystories
,
There
be
moreouer
multitude
of
causes
in
buildinges
,
and
very
many
ornatures
and
garnishinges
of
which
he
must
nedes
geue
answere
,
from
whence
they
come
,
and
for
what
purpose
they
are
made
,
As
for
an
example
,
If
a
maister
workman
should
make
ymages
,
figured
like
women
,
clothed
and
garnished
after
a
beautifull
soarte
,
which
are
named
Cariatides
,
and
set
them
in
his
worke
for
pillers
and
make
ouer
their
heade
Mutilos
,
and
Coronas
,
yf
yt
were
demaunded
of
him
to
what
purpose
those
ymages
wer
made
,
then
be
shuld
answer
that
Caria
,
a
towne
in
Peloponeso
,
trayterously
conspired
with
the
Persians
,
against
the
Grekes
:
But
the
grekes
getting
the
victorie
ouer
their
enemies
,
agreed
with
one
accord
,
and
besieged
Caria
,
and
wan
the
citie
,
killed
the
men
and
toke
the
women
,
carieng
them
as
bond
women
not
suffering
them
to
put
of
their
Ryche
ornamentes
and
Iewelles
to
the
intent
,
that
the
showe
of
their
triumphe
,
myght
be
thereby
the
more
glorious
.
So
they
subdued
,
weare
brought
into
bondage
.
For
this
cause
and
other
suche
lyke
,
the
chief
maisters
of
Architecture
made
in
their
common
places
and
pallaces
suche
women
to
beare
vp
the
burthen
of
their
buildinges
,
the
whiche
was
a
remembraunce
and
memorial
of
their
punishmentes
for
their
mallice
against
the
Grekes
,
sustained
by
the
Cariatides
,
that
is
to
saye
,
by
the
women
of
Caria
.
In
lyke
case
dyd
the
Lacedemonians
,
whan
they
with
so
littell
a
power
ouercame
suche
a
great
host
of
the
Percians
,
and
slew
them
.
After
which
conquest
in
their
triumphe
,
they
builded
a
gallery
whiche
shoulde
remayne
vnto
them
for
a
perpetuall
and
euerlasting
token
of
victorie
and
did
set
therin
the
figures
,
and
counterfeites
of
the
Percians
,
which
before
wer
their
prisoners
,
in
their
straung
apparaill
,
standing
in
their
pallaces
,
supporting
their
galleries
,
wherfore
they
were
feared
of
their
enemyes
therby
,
and
also
yet
encouraged
the
hartes
of
the
Citizens
,
against
their
other
enemies
and
backe
frendes
.
Vpon
this
example
Pausanias
,
did
afterwarde
make
the
counterfeates
of
the
same
Persians
,
and
vpon
their
heddes
,
he
laide
Epistilia
,
and
Coronas
,
setting
betwixt
them
Zophorus
,
the
which
was
garnished
and
figured
with
the
Ieweles
,
that
they
had
taken
from
them
being
their
enemies
,
As
Cuppes
,
gobletes
,
cheines
,
girdelles
,
&
suche
lyke
other
Iewelles
,
which
wer
plentifull
among
the
Persians
,
and
vnder
their
fete
was
set
Stylobata
,
wherin
were
written
their
titles
,
Many
suche
Histories
an
Architecte
,
ought
of
necessitye
to
know
.
Next
vnto
this
doth
follow
Musicke
,
which
also
is
verie
necessary
for
an
Architecte
,
for
these
causes
must
he
haue
,
as
it
were
a
foresight
in
it
,
that
therby
the
principall
chambers
of
the
house
,
shuld
with
suche
order
be
made
,
that
the
voice
or
noyse
of
musicall
Instrumentes
,
should
haue
their
perfaict
Echo
,
resounding
pleasauntly
to
the
eares
of
those
that
shal
be
heares
therof
,
as
also
the
Romaines
,
vsed
in
all
their
pallaces
&
for
many
other
necessities
therunto
belonging
,
of
the
which
Vitruuius
,
maketh
further
demonstration
,
as
the
refreshing
of
the
Melancolicke
mindes
,
which
ar
alwaies
trauailing
for
further
knowlaige
.
But
now
consequently
followeth
the
cause
why
he
should
haue
sight
in
Phisicke
,
which
through
the
knowlege
of
Astronomie
,
parfaictly
doth
declare
the
mouings
of
the
heauens
,
and
where
vnto
by
their
naturall
inclinations
they
be
disposed
,
as
also
the
vnderstanding
of
the
plages
or
Coastes
of
the
word
,
which
the
Grekes
call
Climata
,
to
th
yntent
that
he
maye
shewe
what
ground
plottes
stande
in
the
most
bolsom
ayer
to
builde
vpon
.
And
which
also
be
the
swet
and
holsome
waters
,
the
moste
fertill
and
frutefull
places
,
as
namely
for
those
plottes
that
stand
contrary
to
thys
order
are
not
mete
or
necessarie
to
build
vpon
.
This
bolsome
ground
so
found
wheron
Ye
shall
build
,
yemust
furst
haue
knowlaige
how
to
cast
your
ground
plotte
,
wherin
you
must
deuide
all
your
seuerall
places
of
offices
appartayning
to
the
furniture
of
your
house
,
your
principall
chambers
of
rest
and
libraries
,
and
such
other
like
must
receyue
their
lightes
from
the
East
,
for
that
the
sonne
by
natural
heate
at
his
rising
draweth
to
him
all
corupte
humors
and
euill
vapors
of
the
earth
and
quickneth
the
spirittes
of
man
and
beast
,
and
if
ye
will
cast
therin
baynes
or
hot
houses
,
with
winter
Chambers
and
parlors
they
shal
receiue
light
from
the
west
.
For
that
side
is
defendid
from
the
south
windes
which
are
greuous
and
contagious
and
also
great
wasters
of
all
kinde
of
buildinges
,
as
may
welbe
parceuyd
by
old
Edifices
.
Your
study
places
,
were
you
wold
write
,
draw
or
deuise
,
or
the
places
wher
your
Sellers
shuld
be
cast
,
ought
to
receiue
their
light
from
the
northe
,
by
cause
in
that
parte
are
the
lights
,
which
are
stedfast
,
As
for
lights
other
wayes
appointed
I
referre
to
the
builders
of
those
works
.
But
Vitruuius
,
maketh
no
further
mention
therof
.
Now
also
it
belongeth
to
an
Architecte
,
to
haue
the
knowlaige
of
Astronomie
,
wherby
he
should
directly
know
the
foure
principal
places
,
which
are
East
,
west
,
north
,
and
south
,
with
that
,
whiche
they
call
Equinoctium
,
and
Solsticium
,
and
the
mouings
of
the
sterres
,
for
without
this
knowlaige
none
can
attaine
vnto
the
making
of
horologes
,
quadrantes
,
Clockes
dialles
,
in
the
sonne
necessary
to
be
set
in
goodly
Edyficies
.
It
belongeth
also
to
an
Architect
,
to
haue
sight
in
Philosophie
,
which
teaching
to
be
of
a
noble
courage
as
Vitruuius
saith
,
and
also
gentil
,
curtious
,
faithfull
and
modest
,
not
geuen
to
auarice
and
filthy
lucre
,
as
not
to
be
troubled
or
corrupted
with
rewardes
or
giftes
,
but
with
grauity
and
Sagenes
to
conceine
al
honor
and
dignity
in
al
thinges
conseruinge
his
good
name
and
estimation
.
Let
him
also
take
a
charge
of
workes
in
hand
,
being
desired
and
not
desirous
of
workes
.
He
,
which
wold
be
an
expert
Architecte
,
ought
to
haue
all
these
sciences
and
knowlaiges
,
To
him
that
hath
any
science
or
knowlaige
and
iudgment
therwith
conceiued
,
it
is
most
euident
and
plaine
.
Neuerthelesse
it
will
sound
straungely
to
some
that
a
man
shoulde
learne
so
many
sciences
for
the
atteining
of
one
,
and
kepe
all
them
in
memorie
for
the
practise
of
the
same
:
yet
it
is
necessary
and
also
mete
,
that
although
he
be
not
parfaict
in
them
or
euery
of
them
,
yet
he
should
haue
some
knowlaig
in
them
and
so
it
behoueth
,
neither
it
is
requisit
that
he
should
be
so
parfaict
a
Gramarian
,
as
was
Aristarchus
,
and
yet
not
altogether
with
out
it
.
Nor
in
Musicke
like
vnto
Aristoxenis
,
neither
in
painting
like
Apelles
nor
Plastes
,
or
Stattuary
like
vnto
Miron
or
Policrates
,
neither
in
Phisike
like
to
Hippocrates
,
but
yet
in
this
and
other
not
altogether
ignoraunt
.
But
yf
à
man
myght
be
parfaict
in
al
these
sciences
as
were
Aristarchus
,
Samrius
,
Plulolaus
,
Architas
,
Tarentinus
,
Apollonius
,
Pergeus
,
Eratosthenes
,
Sireneus
,
Archimedes
,
Scopinas
,
(
for
all
these
were
strongely
weaponed
with
al
these
sciences
before
rehersed
)
he
should
be
able
to
answer
to
all
questiones
therto
apertaining
.
But
I
may
pray
as
Vitruuius
doth
,
saying
,
I
pray
O
Caesar
,
and
all
other
that
rede
this
my
writinges
,
if
ther
be
any
thing
disagreing
to
any
of
these
sciences
beare
with
me
for
I
confesse
my selfe
(
saith
he
)
not
to
be
parfaict
in
any
of
the
other
sciences
.
But
he
nameth
him selfe
to
be
an
Architect
,
wherein
he
thinketh
him selfe
parfait
,
But
I
the
setter
forth
of
this
treatise
in
Englishe
,
acknolage
myself
not
to
be
a
parfaict
Architecte
,
(
as
he
saith
)
nor
yet
Gramarian
,
&
though
I
haue
put
my selfe
in
prease
,
it
is
not
through
the
depe
knowlaige
aboue
rehersed
,
but
I
do
it
for
to
put
in
vre
an
entraunce
or
beginning
to
them
which
be
therin
Ignoraunt
,
&
desyre
further
knowledge
in
these
thinges
,
as
hereafter
appereth
by
the
declaration
hereof
.
diagram and illustration of Tuscan column
THVSCANA
.
TVSCANA
.
THe
maner
and
forme
of
the
fiue
principall
pillors
,
and
their
proper
names
with
all
their
compoundes
therto
belonging
and
,
their
setting
in
their
iust
places
by
the
order
and
rule
of
Symetria
,
and
marked
with
the
letters
A.
B.
C.
wherunto
is
made
this
piller
Tuscana
,
as
it
is
figured
,
inuented
and
made
by
the
Ionians
,
vpon
the
Simetrie
of
a
strong
man
.
Renewed
and
found
agayne
by
the
Tuscanes
and
o
them
taketh
his
name
.
❧
THVSCANA
.
whose
marke
is
K●th
Proiecture
or
hanging
ouer
shal
be
so
muche
as
the
pillor
is
diminished
on
eche
side
,
the
which
is
correspondent
to
the
thicknes
of
Scapus
beneth
.
Thus
writeth
Sebastian
Serlias
,
of
the
proiecture
of
this
Capitall
.
Neuertheles
I
haue
sene
in
some
places
in
Italie
that
the
Proiecture
,
haue
bene
like
to
their
height
,
by
cause
the
pillor
is
so
muche
dyminished
it
should
be
therefore
the
more
commely
to
haue
the
greater
Proiecture
,
and
yet
shall
those
two
wayes
not
differ
muche
one
from
the
other
.
But
yet
of
these
two
wayes
let
vs
take
the
moste
faire
I
haue
also
sene
this
pillor
so
placed
that
it
hath
bene
.
7
Dyameters
in
heigthe
,
where
as
he
supported
no
other
pillors
but
his
owne
Trabiacions
.
So
endeth
the
forme
and
measures
of
the
Capitulum
.
EPISTILIVM
.
VPon
the
Capitall
shal
be
layde
or
set
Epistilium
,
named
also
Trabes
called
in
oure
English
tonge
the
Architraue
the
which
is
marked
with
Land
is
a
modulus
in
height
.
The
which
height
ye
shal
deuide
into
6.
parts
wherof
Tenia
,
to
be
the
sixte
part
,
&
the
other
.5
partes
is
for
Trabs
.
So
done
:
vppon
the
Epistilium
you
shal
set
Zophorus
being
also
a
Modulus
,
in
height
and
is
marked
with
M.
vppon
Zophorus
,
shal
be
set
Coronix
being
in
height
also
a
Modulus
,
&
that
height
you
shall
deuid
into
.4
partes
geue
one
part
vnto
Cimatium
vnder
Corona
marked
with
N.
but
the
other
side
of
it
is
called
Tenia
,
and
geue
likwise
2
parte
vnto
Corona
marked
with
O.
&
the
fourth
part
which
remaineth
geue
vnto
Cymatium
ouer
Corona
which
is
marked
with
P.
In
Corona
,
ye
shal
make
Denticulos
,
the
which
are
made
like
teethe
and
their
Proiectures
,
shal
be
like
vnto
their
heightes
,
sauing
only
Corona
which
hangeth
his
height
and
halfe
his
height
ouer
.
And
thus
endeth
the
mesures
of
the
pillor
called
Tuscana
.
Now
ye
shal
vnderstand
,
that
the
pillor
which
standeth
in
the
myddell
is
your
ground
plotte
,
but
the
other
whiche
standeth
by
him
,
is
made
vpon
the
self
same
measure
but
that
it
is
otherwise
garnished
whiche
garnishmentes
bring
other
measures
for
them
.
And
as
touching
this
pillor
,
I
shall
begin
from
the
lowest
parte
of
the
Pedestall
being
Tenia
inferior
,
deuiding
his
height
into
.8
.
partes
.
Geue
.3
.
pa●tes
vnto
Plinthus
&
.4
.
partes
geue
also
to
Sima
reuersa
,
and
the
eighte
parte
remaineth
for
the
small
edge
vpon
Sima
.
vpon
the
whiche
is
sette
the
bodye
of
the
Pedestale
,
also
the
vpper
Tenia
ye
shall
deuide
his
height
into
5
partes
geue
.
2
partes
vnto
Hypotrachelium
,
and
also
.2
.
partes
vnto
Cymatium
,
and
the
fift
.
part
geue
vnto
his
edge
at
the
toppe
of
the
Pedestale
,
nowe
Basis
,
or
Base
,
belonging
to
the
sayde
pillor
is
the
height
of
a
Modulus
,
or
half
the
thicknes
of
the
pillor
,
whose
height
ye
shall
deuide
into
.2
.
partes
.
Geue
Plinthus
one
parte
,
and
the
second
part
deuide
you
into
.3
.
partes
Geue
.2
.
partes
vnto
Torus
,
and
the
third
part
deuide
also
into
.3
.
partes
.
Geue
.2
.
partes
to
Sima
and
the
third
parte
ye
shall
geue
the
edge
vnder
Sima
So
endeth
the
mesures
of
the
Basis
or
Base
,
vpon
the
which
Base
shal
be
set
Scapus
,
or
the
body
of
the
pillor
,
made
after
the
maner
&
order
as
before
is
mencioned
vpon
the
which
shal
be
set
the
Capital
the
one
Capital
,
is
like
to
the
other
sauing
that
it
hath
vpon
Echinus
a
littel
edge
,
which
seteth
forth
Plinthus
with
a
more
beautiful
Proiecture
.
As
conserning
the
Architraue
or
Epistilium
,
that
is
,
as
before
reherced
a
Modulus
in
height
,
which
height
ye
shal
deuide
into
.6
.
partes
.
Tenia
,
occupieth
the
sixt
part
,
the
other
.5
.
partes
ye
shal
deuid
into
.2
.
partes
.
Geue
one
part
vnto
the
half
of
Trochilus
,
the
other
part
is
left
for
the
flat
square
,
that
resteth
vpon
the
Capital
&
so
endeth
the
Epistilium
.
Now
as
touching
the
fries
or
Zophorus
,
being
also
a
Modulus
in
height
,
as
is
before
rehersed
of
the
other
,
is
like
vnto
it
but
that
this
swellet
houte
the
fourth
part
of
a
round
compas
,
that
is
drawen
aboue
&
square
being
the
height
and
bredth
of
a
modulus
wherwith
endeth
Zophorus
,
vpon
the
whiche
shal
be
sette
Coronix
,
the
one
side
is
like
vnto
the
other
in
the
mesures
,
but
that
in
this
side
Cymatium
,
is
set
vnder
Corona
,
and
vpon
the
other
side
Tenia
is
set
vnder
Corona
,
being
of
one
heighte
.
This
done
and
finished
according
to
this
rule
so
endeth
the
mesures
and
garnishmente
of
the
first
piller
called
Tuscana
.
NOwe
for
as
moche
as
that
you
haue
vnderstanding
bowe
all
the
partes
of
this
piller
&
the
rest
of
the
pillors
that
shal
be
,
hath
theyr
mesures
,
ornatures
,
and
names
finished
out
of
Icnographia
or
ground
plot
vpwardes
to
the
very
top
of
the
same
worke
,
wherfore
I
thought
it
good
for
the
more
perfection
and
exercises
of
the
gentest
reader
to
make
a
Rehersall
of
all
the
partes
and
passelles
downwardes
agayne
endyng
in
Ichnographia
where
I
began
first
▪
these
be
the
names
TRABEATIONIS
.
Cymatium
,
mar
.
P.
Corona
,
mar
.
O.
Tenia
.
mar
.
N.
Zophorus
,
mar
.
M.
Tenia
in
Epistylium
,
mar
.
L.
CAPITVLI
.
Plinthus
mar
.
K.
Echinus
,
Et
Annullus
mar
.
I
,
Hypotrachelium
mar
.
H.
COLVMNA
mar
.
F.
Astragalus
marked
.
G
,
Apophiges
superior
&
inferior
,
SPIRA
sine
BASIS
.
Torus
mar
.
E.
Plinthus
mar
.
D.
STYLOBATAE
.
Tenia
pro
Coronice
mar
.
C.
Tenia
pro
Basis
mar
.
B.
Ichnographia
mar
.
A.
being
the
parfecte
square
or
ground
plot
the
beginning
and
foundacion
of
this
worke
.
diagram and illustration of Doric (?) column
❧
DORICA
.
HERE
FOLOWETH
THE
MANER
AND
FORME
of
the
second
pillor
called
Dorica
,
being
ascribed
to
Hercules
and
Mars
,
for
his
strength
,
accordinge
to
the
rule
aforesayde
.
THis
pillor
called
Dorica
,
shal
be
.7
.
Diameters
in
height
,
with
the
Base
,
and
Capitall
Now
if
ye
will
set
Stylobata
,
or
Pedestal
,
vnder
your
pillor
,
thus
ye
shal
begin
.
First
you
shall
make
a
foure
square
,
which
shal
be
your
ground
,
the
which
is
in
my
figure
marked
with
A.
and
then
draw
a
lyne
ouerthwart
from
the
one
corner
to
the
other
,
which
line
is
called
Dyagonalis
,
and
is
marked
with
B.
and
that
lyne
being
directly
vpright
set
,
one
ende
shal
be
then
height
of
the
square
or
body
of
the
Pedestall
marked
with
C.
measure
and
deuide
that
height
into
5.
partes
the
which
height
of
the
Base
of
the
Pedestall
,
shal
be
as
muche
,
as
one
of
the
.5
.
partes
whiche
is
marked
with
D.
and
admitte
also
asmuche
vnto
the
Coronix
of
the
Pedestalle
marked
with
E.
so
that
the
Pedestale
is
.7
.
suche
partes
in
height
like
vnto
the
pillor
,
which
is
7.
Dyameters
,
in
height
.
The
height
of
the
Basis
of
the
Pedestale
which
is
marked
with
D.
shal
be
deuided
into
.2
.
partes
the
lowest
part
is
for
Plinthus
,
marked
with
F.
the
second
part
deuide
into
.5
.
partes
.
Three
of
those
partes
geue
vnto
Torus
,
marked
with
G.
the
other
.2
.
partes
shal
be
deuided
into
.3
.
partes
,
geue
.2
.
partes
vnto
Astragalus
,
marked
with
H.
the
third
parte
is
lefte
for
the
edge
which
Vitruuius
calleth
Regula
,
the
Proiecture
,
of
eche
side
of
the
Base
,
of
the
Pedestall
as
Vitruuius
saieth
shal
be
halfe
a
Modulus
,
but
the
antiques
haue
made
their
Proiectures
like
vnto
their
heightes
.
Then
deuide
the
height
of
Coronix
marked
with
E
into
.3
.
partes
geue
one
vnto
Astragalus
,
with
his
Regula
,
marked
with
I.
the
other
.2
.
partes
deuide
into
.3
.
partes
admiting
.2
.
of
those
partes
to
Cymatium
,
marked
with
K.
and
the
thirde
parte
thereof
is
lefte
for
Regula
,
whose
marke
is
L.
the
Proiectures
of
the
same
is
like
vnto
their
heightes
.
Thus
endeth
the
Pedestale
or
Stylobata
.
SPIRA
SIVE
BASIS
.
VPon
the
Pedestale
,
you
shall
set
Spiram
which
is
the
fote
or
Base
of
the
pillor
and
is
marked
with
M.
being
a
Modulus
in
height
.
that
height
deuide
into
.3
.
partes
one
of
those
partes
is
for
Plinthus
marked
with
N.
the
other
.2
.
partes
deuide
into
.
4.
partes
.
one
of
them
shal
be
for
Torus
,
aboue
marked
with
O.
The
other
.3
.
partes
that
remayneth
deuide
into
2
partes
,
one
of
them
geue
vnto
Torus
,
vnder
marked
with
P.
the
rest
is
admitted
vnto
Trochitus
,
marked
with
Q.
and
eache
of
his
rules
to
be
either
of
them
in
height
the
seuenth
part
of
that
hole
measure
or
parte
.
The
Proiectures
of
the
whole
Basis
,
shal
be
half
a
Modulus
,
on
eche
side
,
and
thus
endeth
the
mesures
of
the
Basis
.
SCAPVS
SIVE
COLVMNA
.
VPon
Spira
,
or
Base
of
the
pillor
ye
shal
set
Scapus
,
marked
with
R.
being
the
tronike
or
body
of
the
pillor
the
which
is
in
height
.6
.
Diameters
.
The
thicknes
of
the
pillor
at
the
foote
is
deuided
into
.6
.
partes
:
and
vnder
the
Capital
,
it
is
diminished
one
of
the
.6
.
partes
that
is
half
a
parte
on
eyther
side
,
and
the
.5
.
partes
which
remaigne
,
be
for
the
thicknes
of
the
pillor
vnder
the
Capitale
.
From
the
whiche
thicknes
ye
shall
drawe
downe
perpendiculerly
vnto
the
third
part
of
the
height
of
Scapus
,
whervpon
is
made
the
halfe
compas
the
which
.2
.
lynes
shal
make
.2
.
crosses
on
eche
side
of
the
half
compas
one
.
Then
mesure
from
the
crosse
by
the
side
of
the
halfe
compas
vnto
the
lowest
part
of
the
half
compas
and
deuide
the
same
into
.6
.
partes
,
drawinge
them
ouerthwarte
the
halfe
compas
from
the
one
side
of
the
pillor
vnto
the
other
marking
the
endes
of
the
lynes
with
.1.2.3.4.5.6
.
then
measure
from
the
ouerthwarte
lyne
vnder
the
halfe
compas
,
deuiding
vpwardes
to
the
highest
of
Scapus
into
.6
.
partes
The
which
shal
be
drawne
ouerthwarte
the
pillor
,
the
highest
ouerthwarte
line
at
the
toppe
of
Scapus
,
marking
that
lyne
with
1.
on
and
so
the
other
downewardes
with
2.3.4.5.6
.
Then
the
strike
marked
with
.1
.
one
vnder
the
Capitall
,
is
drawen
downe
on
bothe
the
sides
vnto
the
lyne
that
ledeth
to
the
half
compas
,
whiche
is
also
marked
with
one
.
Then
drawe
downe
righte
from
the
strike
.2
.
whiche
is
drawin
ouerthwarte
the
pillor
at
the
toppe
vnto
the
other
lyne
,
which
leadeth
to
the
half
compas
.2
.
and
so
downwardes
from
.3
.
perpendyculerly
to
the
other
lyne
or
crosse
marked
with
.3
.
and
so
directly
downwardes
from
.4
.
to
.4
.
from
5.
to
.5
.
and
so
likwise
from
.
6.
to
.
6.
That
done
,
take
a
rule
,
and
drawe
from
the
2.
strikes
which
are
the
thicknes
of
the
pillor
vnder
the
Capitall
to
the
end
of
the
vpright
line
marked
.2
.
which
stayeth
that
lyne
which
is
drawen
ouerthwart
the
pillor
marked
also
.2
and
drawe
from
.2
.
to
the
end
of
the
vpright
lyne
marked
.3
.
and
so
likwise
from
.3
.
to
.4
.
downewardes
:
and
so
from
.4
.
to
.5
.
and
from
.5
to
.6
.
So
done
,
ye
haue
closed
vp
the
sides
with
the
diminishinge
of
your
pillor
as
ye
may
perceiue
by
your
grounde
plot
,
the
other
side
is
lefte
vnclosed
,
wherin
ye
may
perceue
,
where
the
lynes
do
stoppe
,
whiche
be
drawne
vpwardes
out
of
the
half
compas
.
The
other
side
of
the
pillor
I
haue
closed
because
ye
shuld
see
it
and
the
better
vnderstand
therby
how
to
close
and
finish
the
diminishing
of
the
pillors
.
At
the
toppe
of
Scapus
,
or
Pillor
,
right
vnder
the
Capitall
,
is
made
Astragalus
,
with
his
Regula
being
in
height
the
sixte
parte
of
Modulus
.
The
which
Regula
,
shal
be
halfe
so
much
in
height
as
the
height
of
Astragalus
,
marked
with
S.
whose
Proiectures
,
shal
be
somuch
as
the
pillor
is
diminished
on
eche
side
a
like
.
If
your
pillor
shall
haue
Canaliculos
,
there
must
be
of
those
.20
.
round
about
Scapus
,
so
done
make
a
square
so
greate
,
as
one
of
those
.20
.
partes
,
then
drawe
from
corner
to
corner
ouerthwart
the
square
,
makyng
a
crosse
in
the
mydell
of
that
square
.
Then
take
a
payre
of
compasses
and
set
the
one
ende
of
your
compasses
in
the
middell
of
the
crosse
,
and
draw
with
the
other
poincte
of
your
compasses
al
a
long
by
the
side
of
your
square
from
the
one
corner
to
the
other
,
compassing
the
same
quarter
as
more
plainely
doth
appere
by
your
ground
plot
marked
with
A.
the
whiche
ar
the
right
Canalicoli
,
Beneth
at
the
foote
of
Scapus
,
lieth
Regula
,
being
of
the
same
height
that
Astragalus
is
of
at
the
toppe
,
and
so
endeth
Scapus
.
CAPITAL
.
VPpon
the
toppe
of
Scapus
,
you
shall
set
the
Capitall
or
hedde
of
the
pillor
marked
with
T.
and
is
in
heigth
a
iust
Modulus
,
that
height
deuide
into
.3
.
partes
Geue
one
part
vnto
Hypotrachelium
marked
with
V.
and
the
second
part
deuide
into
.3
.
partes
.2
.
of
those
shal
be
for
Echinus
,
marked
with
.
X.
the
rest
is
lefte
for
the
.3
.
kinges
which
be
called
Apophiges
,
or
.
Anuli
,
Now
the
thirde
and
higheste
parte
,
deuyde
you
also
into
.3
partes
wherof
.2
of
those
partes
shal
be
geuen
to
Plinthus
marked
with
.
Y.
the
thirde
parte
,
whiche
remaineth
,
geue
to
Cymatium
,
and
his
rule
or
Regula
,
which
Regula
,
shal
be
the
thirde
parte
of
that
,
which
remaineth
and
lieth
at
the
toppe
of
the
Capitale
.
The
Proiecture
of
this
Capitale
,
shal
be
correspondent
with
the
proiecture
of
the
Plinthus
,
at
the
foote
of
the
pillor
,
and
is
marked
with
N
the
whiche
Proiecture
,
is
obserued
of
the
Antiques
,
in
the
sayd
pillor
,
which
is
already
finished
and
standeth
by
.
Howbeit
Vitruuius
writeth
it
to
be
made
after
this
sorte
,
to
wit
,
that
the
Proiecture
of
the
Capitale
shal
be
the
twelueth
and
sixte
parte
of
a
Modulus
.
Thus
is
finished
the
Capitale
with
all
his
Proiectures
.
EPISTYLIVM
.
VPon
the
Capitale
,
shal
be
set
Epistylium
marked
with
A.
the
height
therof
shal
be
a
Modulus
that
height
ye
shall
deuide
into
.
7.
partes
.
Geue
Tenia
,
marked
with
B.
the
seuenth
parte
,
and
geue
Subtenia
,
and
Gutta
,
pendante
marked
with
C.
the
sixte
part
of
a
modulus
to
their
height
and
that
part
deuide
vnto
.4
.
partes
,
Geue
.3
.
vnto
Gutta
pendant
being
.6
.
in
number
,
the
fourth
part
shall
be
for
the
edge
or
Regula
,
in
Epistylia
vnder
Tenia
.
ZOPHORVS
.
VPon
Epistylium
,
shal
be
set
Triglyphi
,
marked
with
D.
whose
height
muste
be
a
Modulus
and
a
halfe
.
Also
the
bredth
therof
shal
be
a
Modulus
,
and
that
bredth
you
shall
deuide
into
.12
.
partes
Geue
1.
of
those
.
vnto
eche
one
of
the
Semicanalicoli
,
the
which
stand
on
either
syde
of
the
Triclyphi
,
so
remayne
yet
.10
.
partes
and
.6
.
of
those
shal
be
for
Strie
,
or
the
flath
whiche
are
marked
with
E.
the
other
4
partes
are
left
for
the
Canalicoli
,
standing
vpright
within
the
Triglyphi
,
wher
vpon
ye
shall
set
his
Capitale
,
which
also
is
called
Tenia
,
being
in
height
the
sixte
part
of
.
Modulus
and
marked
with
F.
Bitwixte
the
.2
.
Triglyphos
,
yow
shall
set
Methopa
,
marked
with
G.
being
square
so
high
as
it
is
broad
:
and
in
that
square
shal
be
made
a
bulles
bed
,
his
hornes
bound
about
with
rybandes
:
garnished
with
branches
flowers
and
Iewelles
,
hanging
at
the
endes
of
the
Ribandes
In
euery
second
Methopa
,
ought
to
be
made
a
faire
basone
or
flat
peace
,
the
which
inwardely
:
shuld
be
garnished
but
I
am
not
hable
to
set
fourth
the
bewtye
therof
in
so
small
a
figure
.
The
highest
parte
of
TRABEATIONIS
,
called
in
English
a
Cornishe
.
VItruuius
teacheth
vs
that
the
height
of
it
shuld
be
a
Modulus
,
and
that
yow
shall
deuide
into
2.
partes
the
lowest
parte
deuide
into
.5
.
partes
,
Geue
.1
.
to
Cymatium
vnder
Corona
also
.1
.
other
vnto
Cymatium
,
aboue
Corona
,
the
other
.3
partes
geue
vnto
Corona
,
whose
marke
is
H
,
that
second
parte
which
remayneth
of
the
Modulus
ye
shall
geue
vnto
Syma
,
marked
with
I.
Then
adde
the
eight
part
of
a
Modulus
,
to
be
the
height
for
his
edge
or
Regula
,
aboue
Sima
the
proiectures
to
be
like
to
their
heightes
,
sauing
that
the
Proiecture
of
Corona
,
must
be
twise
his
height
by
cause
in
it
must
be
made
,
the
order
of
Gutta
,
being
right
ouer
Triglyphi
,
they
shal
be
,
.18
.
in
nomber
.6
.
the
one
way
and
.3
.
the
other
.
Right
ouer
Methopa
,
the
Antiques
vsed
to
cut
in
Corona
Iupiters
mark
of
the
thunder
bolte
.
Thus
endeth
the
opinion
of
Vitruūius
in
these
thinges
.
Neuertheles
as
ye
may
perseue
by
the
muller
or
Coronicis
,
of
the
antiques
that
standeth
on
the
right
side
wherunto
they
haue
added
Echinus
,
and
Denticuli
,
with
Apophigis
or
rule
&
garnished
it
after
many
beautiful
facions
bringing
their
worke
to
a
great
height
,
the
which
height
causeth
a
fairer
Proiecture
,
which
was
for
the
further
setting
fourth
of
their
work●…
&
was
pleasant
to
the
beholders
therof
.
If
it
be
a
gate
house
or
gallery
of
pleasure
hauing
Ionica
,
or
Corinthia
,
of
him
supported
or
standing
by
him
:
then
ought
he
to
be
richly
garnished
But
if
he
stande
in
the
gate
of
a
citie
or
castel
by
force
or
strength
,
then
ought
he
to
be
made
with
those
strong
measures
,
which
are
ascribed
vnto
him
standing
in
the
place
of
Mars
,
&
Hercules
whan
he
standeth
with
the
other
pillors
he
is
like
vnto
Minerua
,
and
therfore
haue
respecte
vnto
his
place
.
THus
hauinge
finished
all
the
measures
ending
now
at
the
highest
of
TRABEATIONIS
.
I
shall
name
al
the
partes
and
parssels
with
their
markes
whereby
is
knowen
the
thing
that
is
wrighten
or
spoken
of
to
the
clearnes
or
opening
of
matters
,
and
an
excercise
for
the
reader
to
know
the
names
by
,
I
haue
more
at
large
spoken
of
this
matter
in
the
ending
of
the
Tuscan
piller
,
therfore
I
shall
begine
in
TRABEATIONIS
:
REGVLA
.
&
Sima
,
marked
with
I.
Cymatium
,
&
Corona
,
marked
with
H.
Cymatium
inferior
(
Echinus
Regula
,
Denticulos
)
added
Tenia
,
marked
with
F.
Triglyphi
,
marked
with
D.
Methopa
,
marked
with
G.
Tenia
,
marked
with
B.
Regula
and
Gutta
,
marked
with
C.
CAPITVLI
,
marked
with
T.
Regula
Cymatium
Plinthus
,
marked
with
Y.
Echinus
marked
with
X.
Annulitres
.
Hipotrachelium
,
marked
with
V.
COLVMNA
or
SCAPVS
.
Apophiges
Superior
&
Apophiges
inferior
,
marked
with
R.
SPIRA
or
BASIS
,
marked
with
M.
Torus
superior
,
marked
with
O.
Regula
.
Scotia
,
marked
with
Q.
Regula
Torus
Inferior
,
marked
with
P.
Plinthus
,
marked
with
N.
STYLOBATA
.
Coronix
marked
E.
Regula
,
marked
with
L.
Cymatium
,
marked
with
K.
Astragalus
,
marked
with
I.
to
the
antike
pillor
is
added
Corona
,
Regula
,
and
Sima
,
Quadratum
,
Diagonium
,
marked
with
C.
the
diagonall
line
marked
B.
Ichnographia
,
or
ground
plot
marked
with
A.
BASIS
,
marked
with
D.
Regula
,
Astragalus
,
marked
with
H.
Torus
,
marked
G.
Plinthus
marked
F.
in
the
finished
pillor
or
BASIS
,
is
as
followeth
Regula
Cymatium
reuersa
.
Regula
Sima
.
Reuersa
Regula
,
Plinthus
,
which
maketh
an
end
for
this
piller
.
diagram and illustration of Ionic column
IONICA
❧
IONICA
.
THE
MANER
FORME
AND
ORDER
of
the
Symetria
,
or
measure
of
Ionica
,
whiche
was
deuised
by
the
Ionians
and
set
in
the
temple
of
Diana
.
STylobata
,
or
Pedestale
of
Ionica
,
you
shal
make
the
boddy
therof
after
this
sorte
.
The
flat
stone
,
which
is
marked
with
A.
shal
be
a
square
and
a
halfe
in
height
,
and
that
height
you
shal
deuide
into
.6
.
partes
,
&
adde
therto
such
an
other
part
for
the
height
of
the
Base
of
this
Pedestale
which
is
marked
with
B
&
set
also
such
an
other
like
part
for
the
height
of
the
Coronix
of
this
Pedestale
marked
with
C.
So
done
,
the
Pedestale
is
.8
.
partes
in
height
,
the
height
of
the
base
marked
with
B.
ye
shal
deuide
into
.5
.
parts
.
Geue
.1
.
part
vnto
Astragalus
&
his
Regula
,
marked
with
D.
the
which
Regula
,
occupieth
the
third
parte
of
that
one
parte
.
Geue
also
to
Sima
reuersa
,
with
his
edge
marked
with
.
E
,
one
parte
,
wherof
his
Edge
occupieth
the
third
parte
.
Then
ye
shall
geue
an
other
parte
vnto
Torus
,
marked
with
F.
and
the
other
.2
.
partes
you
shall
geue
vnto
Plinthus
,
marked
with
G.
The
Proiecture
of
them
shal
be
like
vnto
their
heightes
.
Now
the
height
of
Coronix
,
marked
with
C.
ye
shal
deuid
into
10.
partes
,
wherof
you
shall
geue
.3
.
vnto
Cymatium
,
and
his
Edge
marked
with
H.
and
also
geue
.3
.
partes
vnto
Corona
,
marked
with
Land
also
geue
.3
.
vnto
Syma
,
marked
with
K.
the
tenth
parte
is
left
,
for
the
Astragalus
&
his
edge
marked
with
L.
The
Proiectures
be
like
vnto
their
heightes
but
that
Corona
,
doth
sayle
ouer
twise
his
height
.
Thoughe
this
pillor
and
al
other
pillors
if
it
were
so
that
they
had
double
Plinthus
,
it
should
not
be
without
good
cause
,
for
the
antiques
haue
made
three
Plinthus
,
one
aboue
an
other
,
the
occasion
wherof
is
this
,
that
the
earthe
should
not
ouer
growe
the
Base
of
the
Pedestale
,
and
so
hyde
the
chief
thinge
wherupon
do
reste
the
whole
ordenaunces
yea
and
in
many
other
places
,
they
are
necessary
the
which
al
Architectes
,
and
masters
of
buildinges
ought
to
knowe
,
and
many
moo
of
those
and
such
other
ought
to
be
knowen
of
them
of
necessitie
.
The
occasion
or
cause
for
the
whiche
I
haue
begonne
this
order
or
rule
,
first
with
the
Pedestale
,
(
the
which
rule
differeth
from
Vitruuius
,
for
he
beginneth
first
with
the
pillor
,
neuertheles
they
come
to
one
purpose
in
the
parfection
)
is
for
this
,
that
firste
in
my
Pedestale
,
I
haue
drawen
the
ground
plotte
,
whiche
the
Greekes
call
Ichnographia
.
For
that
same
house
or
building
cannot
stande
or
endure
whiche
hath
no
good
foundacion
.
So
this
is
the
foundation
through
the
whiche
we
knowe
and
finde
all
the
measures
and
vprightes
belonging
to
the
pillor
.
In
it
is
also
found
the
Trabiations
,
the
height
of
the
Pedestale
,
and
the
bredth
therof
,
also
the
height
of
his
Base
and
Coronices
,
and
the
Diameter
and
the
thicknes
of
the
pillor
aboue
vnder
the
Capitalle
,
and
likewise
the
heighte
of
Spira
,
or
Base
of
the
pillor
:
and
the
height
of
Scapus
,
and
also
the
height
of
his
Capitale
,
with
all
the
whole
Proiectures
,
and
measures
whiche
issueth
oute
of
this
Ichnographia
.
Now
to
come
to
the
right
vnderstandinge
of
these
measures
before
rehersed
,
ye
shall
beginne
thus
.
The
bredth
of
the
square
,
whiche
is
the
bredthe
of
the
Pedestale
,
marked
with
A.
yow
shall
deuide
into
.11
.
partes
wherof
.8
.
shal
be
the
Diameter
,
or
thicknes
of
the
pillor
the
whiche
pillor
in
height
shal
be
.8
.
Diameters
,
with
the
Base
and
Capitalle
,
the
whiche
heighte
of
the
Capitale
,
occupieth
the
third
part
of
the
Diameter
,
and
the
Basis
marked
with
M.
shal
be
half
the
thicknes
of
the
pillor
in
height
,
thus
writeth
Vitruuius
,
in
his
third
booke
and
third
Chapiter
.
BASIS
.
THe
Basis
,
or
fote
of
the
pillor
shal
be
a
Modulus
in
height
:
which
is
marked
with
M.
that
height
you
shal
deuide
into
.3
.
partes
,
geue
one
part
vnto
Plinthus
marked
with
.
N
that
which
remaineth
deuide
into
.7
.
partes
geue
.3
.
vnto
Torus
,
marked
with
..
O.
the
other
.4
.
partes
deuide
into
.16
parts
,
geue
Trochilus
superior
with
his
Astragali
,
and
rules
.8
.
of
those
partes
,
wherof
Trochilus
,
occupieth
.6
partes
,
vnto
the
highest
Astragalus
,
and
his
edge
shal
be
geuen
a
part
and
half
a
part
,
&
vnto
the
litle
edge
vnder
Torus
geue
also
half
a
part
,
which
maketh
vp
the
rest
of
the
.8
.
partes
.
The
other
.8
.
partes
geue
vnto
Trochilus
inferior
,
and
deuide
them
also
as
is
before
rehersed
.
The
Proiecture
,
of
the
Plinthus
,
must
be
the
eighte
and
the
sixtenth
part
of
the
thicknes
of
the
piller
which
is
the
sailing
out
on
eache
side
of
the
Base
of
the
pillor
and
doth
answer
vnto
the
bredth
of
the
body
of
the
Pedestale
,
and
is
agreabel
with
the
forsaid
ground
plot
.
The
Antiques
haue
made
also
a
base
,
which
differeth
not
farre
from
the
declaration
of
Vitruuius
and
after
this
facion
they
haue
ordeined
their
Base
the
height
therof
to
be
a
Modulus
,
and
that
height
deuide
into
.2
.
partes
,
wherof
geue
Plinthus
one
part
,
as
before
is
taught
by
Vitruuius
.
Then
that
,
which
remaineth
deuide
also
into
.3
.
partes
,
wherof
the
highest
part
shal
be
geuen
to
Torus
,
the
other
.2
parts
which
remaine
,
deuide
either
of
them
into
.6
.
parts
wherof
the
highest
Astragalus
&
his
rule
occupieth
.1
.
part
,
the
which
rule
is
half
the
height
of
Astragalus
,
also
the
edge
,
that
lieth
vnder
Torus
shal
be
half
a
part
in
height
,
and
that
which
remaineth
is
for
Trochilus
superior
,
wherwith
finisheth
the
first
.6
.
partes
.
Nowe
geue
also
.1
.
part
to
the
lower
Astragalus
,
and
his
Edge
The
lowest
edge
that
standeth
vppon
Plinthus
shal
be
in
height
half
a
part
,
the
.4
.
partes
and
a
half
that
remaine
,
shal
be
left
for
the
Trochilus
inferior
.
The
Proiecture
of
the
Plinthus
,
is
before
rehersed
,
but
because
this
Torus
is
sklenderer
then
that
,
the
which
Vitruuius
speaketh
of
,
it
bringeth
a
more
bewtifulnes
to
the
Proiecture
,
which
can
not
be
here
expressed
as
any
man
of
knowlaige
will
confesse
.
SCAPVS
.
VPon
the
base
you
shal
set
Scapus
,
marked
with
R.
being
.7
.
Diameters
in
height
and
therto
adding
the
sixte
part
of
the
Diameter
The
which
height
of
Scapus
ye
shall
deuide
into
.3
.
partes
vpon
the
third
parte
make
halfe
a
compas
,
then
deuide
the
thicnes
of
the
pillor
beneth
into
.6
.
partes
.5
.
of
those
partes
shal
be
the
thiknes
of
the
pillor
or
Scapus
,
at
the
toppe
,
that
is
half
a
part
diminished
,
one
either
side
of
Scapus
,
from
thence
drawe
downe
right
one
both
sides
vnto
the
third
parte
of
the
pillor
vpon
the
which
is
made
the
halfe
compas
The
whiche
.2
.
lines
maketh
.2
.
crosses
vppon
the
half
compas
,
Then
measure
from
the
crosse
downewardes
euen
a
longe
by
the
side
of
the
halfe
compas
,
that
standeth
vpon
the
third
parte
of
the
pillor
deuiding
it
into
.6
.
partes
and
drawe
these
lines
ouerthwart
the
halfe
compas
and
marke
the
vpper
line
with
.1
.
and
so
marke
downewardes
the
next
with
.2
.
and
so
with
the
reste
as
followeth
.3
.
4.
5.
6.
then
deuide
from
the
lowest
of
the
half
compas
vpwardes
vnto
the
toppe
of
the
pillor
vnder
the
Capitall
,
also
into
.6
.
partes
drawing
them
ouerthwarte
the
pillor
and
marke
them
also
downewardes
with
.1
.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
or
deuide
it
into
so
many
parts
,
as
you
will
,
the
moo
,
the
better
,
&
the
parfaicter
you
shall
diminishe
your
pillor
.
Then
shal
ye
begine
after
this
maner
&
draw
from
the
strike
.2
.
downwardes
vnto
the
strike
&
crosse
,
which
is
drawen
ouerthwarte
the
halfe
compas
,
and
is
also
marked
with
.2
.
and
drawe
also
from
the
strike
.3
.
the
which
hath
also
a
crosse
made
vpon
the
halfe
compas
,
drawing
vpwardes
vnto
the
strike
marked
with
.3
.
the
which
is
drawn
ouerthwart
the
pillor
aboue
,
&
so
drawe
from
.4
.
to
.4
.
from
5.
to
.5
.
and
from
.6
.
to
.6
.
The
line
vnder
the
Capitall
,
at
the
toppe
of
the
pillor
marked
with
.1
.
from
thence
drawe
with
a
rule
downewardes
to
the
ende
of
the
vprighte
line
,
which
staieth
at
the
ouerthwart
line
marked
.2
.
closing
vp
the
side
of
the
pillor
,
and
from
.2
.
vnto
3
,
downewardes
,
and
also
from
.3
.
vnto
4
from
.4
.
vnto
.5
.
and
from
.5
.
vnto
.6
.
Then
is
that
side
full
finished
and
made
vpright
.
At
the
foote
of
Scapus
,
is
a
littell
small
edge
,
standing
vppon
Torus
whose
height
shal
be
the
ninthe
part
of
Modulus
,
wherof
his
Proiecture
shal
be
of
like
height
.
Also
at
the
toppe
of
the
pillor
lieth
Astragalus
,
and
his
fillet
being
half
so
high
as
the
Astragalus
,
&
also
aboue
the
Astragalus
,
is
a
littel
Edge
,
the
which
belongeth
to
the
Capital
:
The
measure
of
his
Astragalus
,
and
his
Edge
,
which
belongeth
vnto
Scapus
is
found
out
be
the
litel
compas
,
which
is
the
eye
of
Voluta
,
whose
marke
is
.
X.
if
the
pillor
shal
be
garnished
with
Canalicoli
ther
shal
be
in
number
.24
.
rounde
about
the
pillor
or
Scapus
,
and
euery
of
them
deuide
into
.5
.
partes
.4
.
of
those
partes
is
the
bredth
of
Canalicoli
,
and
the
fifth
parte
is
for
Striae
,
which
are
also
called
Femora
.
The
ground
plotte
therof
standeth
besid
the
pillor
which
is
marked
with
.
S.
wherin
ye
may
see
the
maner
or
making
of
Canalicoli
,
being
half
a
compas
inwardes
,
the
whiche
,
differeth
far
from
the
order
of
Dorica
,
as
it
appereth
by
your
ground
plotte
.
Thus
endeth
the
maner
and
making
of
Scapus
,
with
his
mesures
.
CAPITAL
.
DIrectly
and
right
vpon
the
top
of
Scapus
you
shall
set
this
Capitall
following
,
whiche
is
marked
with
.
T.
being
in
height
the
third
part
of
a
Diameter
,
the
bredth
of
the
Abacus
marked
with
V
is
a
Diameter
,
&
therto
also
adde
,
the
eighteneth
part
of
a
Diameter
.
That
same
part
deuide
into
2.
partes
The
which
.2
.
partes
shal
be
set
one
parte
on
eyther
side
of
the
Abacus
,
the
whiche
shal
aide
the
Proiectures
:
so
done
Abacus
is
the
in
bredthe
.19
.
partes
,
then
tel
from
the
vttermost
part
of
Abacus
inwardes
,
one
part
and
a
halfe
of
those
.19
.
partes
and
there
drawe
a
strike
downe
right
perpendiculerly
,
as
ye
maye
perceue
by
your
figure
here
expressed
whiche
on
both
sides
of
the
Capitall
,
hangeth
a
line
with
a
plommett
at
eche
ende
.
Then
deuide
the
hanging
line
from
the
highest
of
the
Abacus
,
downewardes
into
6.
partes
a
and
half
of
suche
measure
as
is
before
rehersed
,
wherof
the
height
of
the
Abacus
is
one
&
a
half
,
of
the
which
remaineth
yet
.8
.
partes
on
the
hanging
line
,
the
which
partes
shal
serue
for
Voluta
,
marked
with
.
X.
&
those
parts
shal
be
thus
deuided
.
Betwixt
the
Abacus
&
the
litell
round
Compas
,
shal
be
.4
.
parts
&
beneth
the
litel
compas
is
.3
.
partes
and
the
compas
it self
is
also
.1
.
part
.
That
part
,
which
is
the
litell
compas
ye
shal
deuid
his
height
into
.6
.
parts
Then
take
a
paire
of
compasses
and
set
the
one
poincte
of
the
compasses
in
the
toppe
of
the
small
compas
whiche
I
haue
marked
with
.1
.
&
the
other
fote
of
the
compas
ye
shal
set
vpon
the
line
vnder
the
Abacus
,
&
then
turne
the
compas
aboute
&
drawe
downewardes
vnto
the
lowest
of
those
.8
.
partes
belonging
to
Voluta
,
vntil
ye
come
to
the
line
wher
at
the
plomet
doth
hang
and
there
stay
with
that
poinct
of
the
compas
,
&
bring
the
other
poinct
of
the
compas
downe
vpon
the
lowest
strike
of
the
litle
compas
,
which
is
marked
with
.2
.
Then
turne
vpwards
the
lowest
poinct
of
the
compas
vntil
ye
come
to
the
hanging
line
,
wher
ye
shal
stay
.
The
other
fote
ye
shal
set
vpon
the
strike
marked
.3
.
being
within
the
litle
compas
.
Then
compassing
about
with
the
highest
part
of
the
compas
downwards
vntil
ye
come
again
to
the
hanging
line
and
so
remoue
the
highest
part
of
the
compas
setting
it
on
the
strike
.4
.
within
the
litle
compas
,
and
drawe
vpwardes
with
the
other
poincte
of
the
compas
vntill
ye
come
to
the
perpendiculer
line
,
staing
againe
there
,
and
then
set
the
other
foote
of
the
compas
right
vppon
the
strike
marked
with
.5
.
also
being
within
the
litle
compas
,
and
drawe
downe
wardes
againe
vnto
the
forsayde
line
,
and
so
set
the
highest
poinct
of
the
compas
vppon
the
strike
marked
with
.6
.
being
also
within
the
litle
compas
.
Then
drawe
with
the
other
poinct
of
the
compas
vpwardes
again
which
doth
inclose
the
litle
compas
.
In
the
which
compas
may
be
made
a
rose
or
some
other
flower
.
Then
shall
ye
perceue
that
the
Astragalus
,
and
his
.2
.
edges
are
Iuste
the
height
of
the
litle
compas
,
which
is
the
eye
of
Voluta
,
and
then
shall
the
height
of
Echinus
be
.2
.
of
those
parte
that
Voluta
was
made
with
,
the
whiche
Echinus
is
marked
with
Y.
also
that
space
that
lieth
betwen
Echinus
,
&
Abacus
shal
be
.2
.
of
those
parts
in
height
.
So
done
ye
haue
the
trewe
height
&
bredthe
of
the
forfront
&
face
of
the
Capital
.
It
is
also
nedefull
to
know
how
to
forme
&
facion
the
side
of
the
Capitall
,
The
maner
&
facion
therof
standeth
betwixt
the
.2
.
pillers
.
The
Abacus
,
that
lieth
vpon
Voluta
,
is
iust
.4
.
square
flat
like
to
a
trencher
,
the
Proiecture
is
as
muche
as
one
of
the
.19
,
partes
on
eche
side
of
the
Abacus
,
from
the
which
ye
shall
draw
downe
the
.2
.
sides
of
Voluta
,
which
is
8.
of
those
partes
,
the
.2
.
Edges
that
stand
on
eche
ende
of
the
Rolle
or
Voluta
shal
haue
.1
.
part
betwixt
them
both
.
Then
take
a
paire
of
compasse
&
set
the
one
poinct
of
the
compas
at
the
lowest
and
inner
parte
of
the
litle
edge
marked
with
.1
.
and
bring
the
other
poinct
of
the
compas
into
the
innermost
corner
of
the
other
edge
whiche
is
marked
with
.2
.
drawe
from
thence
downewardes
to
the
figure
3.
then
set
the
poinct
againe
in
the
place
marked
with
.2
.
&
drawe
with
the
other
poinct
of
the
compas
downe
to
this
figure
.3
.
againe
,
and
it
shall
make
a
crosse
,
vppon
that
crosse
,
set
the
one
poinct
of
the
compas
,
&
with
the
other
poinct
of
the
compas
draw
from
the
strike
marked
with
.1
.
vnto
the
other
strike
marked
with
.2
.
&
it
wylle
shew
you
the
diminishing
of
Voluta
in
the
middel
,
through
which
diminishing
you
shal
perceue
the
endes
of
the
Canaliculi
.
So
done
the
side
of
the
Capitall
,
is
twise
so
broade
as
it
is
in
height
,
the
Proiecture
of
Echinus
,
is
like
and
equall
with
the
Proiecture
of
Regula
at
the
foote
of
Scapus
,
and
so
ende
the
Proiectures
,
and
mesures
of
this
Capitall
also
the.
Antiques
in
diuers
of
their
edifices
,
hath
made
Echinus
,
to
be
in
Proiecture
like
vnto
Abacus
.
EPISTILIVM
.
OVer
the
Capital
or
hed
of
the
piller
ye
shal
set
Epistilium
,
or
Architraue
whose
marke
is
A.
the
height
therof
shal
be
a
Modulus
,
and
that
height
ye
shall
deuide
into
.7
.
partes
,
one
of
those
ye
shall
geue
vnto
Cymatium
marked
with
B.
his
proiecture
is
like
vnto
his
height
.
The
other
.6
.
partes
ye
shal
deuide
into
.12
.
partes
geue
.3
.
vnto
the
lowest
Fascia
marked
with
C
geue
.4
.
vnto
the
second
Fascia
marked
with
D.
&
also
geue
vnto
the
third
Fascia
the
.5
.
partes
which
remaineth
,
the
which
is
marked
with
E.
whose
Proiecture
or
hanging
ouer
shal
be
right
and
Equall
with
the
thicknes
of
the
piller
bynethe
aboue
the
Base
.
Now
vnderstand
that
the
Proiecture
of
these
.2
.
highest
Fascias
shal
be
so
muche
as
the
piller
is
diminished
vpon
the
one
side
vnder
the
Capitall
the
which
is
the
twelfthe
part
of
the
diameter
,
the
which
part
you
shall
deuide
into
.9
.
partes
,
geue
.5
.
vnto
the
highest
Fascia
,
marked
with
E.
for
his
Proiecture
,
the
other
.4
.
partes
shal
serue
for
the
Proiecture
of
the
middle
most
Fascia
marked
with
D.
the
lowest
Fascia
,
findeth
his
owne
Proiecture
as
before
is
rehersed
.
ZOPHORVS
.
VPon
the
Epistilium
,
ye
shall
set
Zophorus
,
which
is
called
in
our
Englishe
tounge
the
frize
.
If
any
thing
shal
be
therin
grauen
or
cut
,
then
it
ought
to
be
the
fourth
part
higher
than
the
Epistilium
.
If
nothing
shal
be
wrought
win
the
Frize
then
shal
the
frise
be
then
fourth
parte
smaller
then
the
Epistilium
,
Then
deuide
the
Frize
marked
with
F.
into
.7
.
partes
,
one
such
parte
adde
therto
for
Cymatium
,
marked
with
G.
let
his
Proiecture
be
also
as
muche
as
his
height
.
That
donne
ye
shall
begin
with
the
Coronix
,
marked
with
H.
the
which
is
the
highest
parte
of
the
Trabeation
.
Ouer
Cimatium
,
shal
be
sette
Denticuli
,
marked
with
.
I.
whose
height
shal
be
so
much
as
the
height
of
the
myddlemost
Fascia
,
and
his
fillet
to
be
the
sixt
part
of
Denticuli
,
and
aboue
Denticuli
,
ye
shall
sette
Corona
marked
with
K.
and
the
height
therof
shal
be
also
like
vnto
the
mydell
Fascia
That
height
deuide
into
.4
.
partes
,
one
of
those
partes
admit
vnto
Cymatium
aboue
Corona
,
the
Proiecture
of
the
Denticuli
and
Corona
with
Cymatium
,
hangeth
ouer
so
much
as
the
frize
is
in
height
,
if
the
frize
be
the
fourthe
part
diminished
.
Thus
writeth
oure
Author
Vitruuius
.
Ouer
Corona
shal
be
set
Sima
,
marked
with
L.
whose
height
shal
be
the
eight
part
higher
then
Corona
,
with
his
Cimatium
&
his
Edge
at
the
toppe
to
be
the
Sixte
part
of
Sima
added
therto
,
the
Proiecture
to
be
like
vnto
his
height
and
so
endeth
the
measures
of
Ionica
.
THus
haue
ye
endid
at
the
hiest
part
of
Trabeationis
whose
marke
is
H.
Regula
the
edge
of
Sima
marked
L.
Cymatium
,
Corona
,
marked
K.
added
ouer
the
woman
Mutilos
,
&
his
Capital
,
Denticulus
,
marked
I.
Zophorus
,
marked
.
F
Cimatium
marked
G.
EPISTYLIVM
marked
A.
Cimatium
marked
B.
Fascia
prima
,
marked
C.
Fascia
Secunda
marked
D.
Fascia
Tertia
marked
E.
CAPITVLI
,
marked
T.
Cymatium
.
Abacus
,
marked
V.
Frons
Voluta
,
marked
X.
Astragalus
.
COLVMNA
,
vpon
the
pillor
noted
Scapus
,
marked
R
Apophigis
superior
.
Apophigis
Inferior
.
BASIS
,
marked
M.
Torus
marked
O.
Regula
,
Scotia
,
Superior
,
marked
P.
Regula
,
Astragalus
Primus
,
Astragalus
Secundus
marked
Q
Regula
,
Scotia
,
Inferior
,
Regula
.
Plinthus
,
marked
N.
Coronix
,
marked
C.
Regula
.
Cimatium
marked
H.
Corona
,
marked
I.
Regula
,
in
the
finished
piller
is
added
Echinus
,
Regula
Sima
,
marked
K
Astragalus
marked
L
Regula
.
Quadratum
.
Sesquialtera
.
BASIS
,
of
the
pedestalle
marked
B.
Regula
,
Cimatium
inuersa
addid
Regula
Astragalus
marked
D.
Sima
Reuersa
marked
E.
Regula
,
Torrilus
,
marked
.
F.
Plinthus
Primus
marked
G.
Astragalus
,
Regula
,
Plinthus
inferior
being
added
vnto
the
Base
of
the
pedestall
for
to
increase
his
height
and
also
for
an
other
purpos
most
nesseseary
if
the
pillor
stand
on
the
ground
and
no
stepes
vnder
the
pedestall
in
the
which
bodye
of
the
pedestall
is
demonstrated
Ichnographia
,
where
in
I
begane
and
also
make
an
ende
❧
CORYNTHIA
diagram and illustration of Corinthian column
CORYNTHIA
HERE
BEGINETH
THE
PILLOR
that
was
founde
in
Corinthia
,
by
Callimachius
the
excellent
Architect
of
Corinthe
.
TO
beginne
with
the
Pedestal
of
Corinthia
,
ye
shal
enter
thus
,
The
flat
stone
or
body
of
the
Pedestal
shal
be
a
square
&
.2
.
third
partes
in
height
the
which
is
marked
with
A.
whose
height
ye
shal
deuide
into
.7
.
partes
,
adde
such
a
part
vnto
the
Base
of
the
Pedestall
,
marked
with
B
,
and
asmuche
for
the
Coronix
,
whose
marke
is
C.
Then
deuide
the
Base
of
the
Pedestall
marked
with
B.
into
.7
.
partes
,
Geue
one
vnto
Cymatium
,
marked
with
D.
and
one
vnto
Astragalus
,
with
his
Regula
,
marked
with
E.
Then
geue
.2
.
vnto
Syma
reuersa
marked
with
F.
with
his
fillet
,
Then
geue
one
part
vnto
Torus
,
marked
with
G.
the
other
.2
.
partes
admitte
vnto
the
highest
Plinthus
,
marked
with
H.
the
Proiecture
,
of
this
Base
is
like
vnto
his
height
The
other
Plinthus
,
is
added
therunto
,
the
cause
wherof
,
is
mencioned
and
declared
before
in
Ionica
,
Then
deuide
Coronix
,
marked
with
C.
into
.10
.
partes
Geue
vnto
Cymatium
aboue
marked
with
.
I
.3
.
partes
of
the
which
his
fillet
shall
haue
.1
.
part
Then
admit
also
.2
.
partes
to
Corona
,
marked
with
K.
and
also
.2
.
partes
vnto
Syma
and
his
fillet
or
edge
marked
with
L.
the
other
.2
.
partes
geue
vnto
Cymatium
with
his
edge
marked
with
M.
and
the
tenth
parte
admit
vnto
Astragalus
&
Regula
,
marked
with
N.
vnder
Cymatium
,
the
Proiecture
ye
shal
make
like
vnto
their
height
sauing
onely
Corona
,
whiche
ought
to
hange
ouer
.2
.
third
partes
more
then
his
height
the
which
is
a
beautie
vnto
the
whole
Coronix
and
so
endeth
the
measures
&
Proiectures
,
therunto
belonging
.
BASIS
.
NOw
ye
shal
finde
the
measures
of
the
thicknes
of
the
pillor
,
which
is
the
Diameter
,
as
doth
follow
,
deuide
the
bredthe
of
the
boddye
of
the
Pedestal
into
6.
partes
,
wherof
the
diameter
or
thicknes
of
the
piller
shal
be
.4
.
such
parts
&
the
height
of
the
pillor
shal
be
9.
Diameters
,
wherof
the
Capitall
shal
haue
.1
.
Diameter
,
for
his
height
,
&
also
the
height
of
the
Base
shal
be
halfe
a
Diameter
,
which
base
is
marked
with
O
whole
height
ye
shall
deuide
into
.4
.
partes
wherof
the
Plinthus
,
marked
with
P.
occupieth
.1
.
part
.
The
other
.3
.
partes
deuide
into
5.
parts
.
Geue
vnto
Torus
,
aboue
which
is
marked
with
Q.
one
part
,
&
the
Torus
,
beneth
shal
be
the
forth
part
greater
than
the
Torus
aboue
,
&
is
marked
with
R.
that
which
remaineth
betwen
the
.2
.
Torus
deuide
into
.2
.
partes
,
of
the
highest
part
ye
shall
make
Trochilus
,
marked
with
S.
wherof
the
Astragalus
,
shal
be
the
sixte
part
,
and
his
edge
shal
be
half
his
height
,
the
other
edge
that
lieth
vnder
the
highe
Torus
,
shal
be
in
height
the
third
parte
more
than
the
height
of
the
other
edge
.
The
second
part
that
remaineth
is
for
the
nethermost
Trochilus
or
Scotia
,
marked
with
T.
whose
Astragali
,
shall
also
be
in
height
the
sixte
part
of
Trochilus
,
and
his
edge
shal
be
halfe
his
height
,
the
other
edge
that
lieth
on
the
nether
most
Torus
,
shal
be
in
height
.2
.
third
partes
of
the
height
of
Astragali
,
the
Proiecture
of
this
base
is
thus
.
If
this
pillor
stande
vppon
any
other
pillor
,
then
shall
the
Proiecture
therof
be
like
vnto
the
Proiecture
of
the
Base
of
Ionica
,
&
if
this
piller
stand
vppon
the
ground
,
or
being
alone
by
himself
then
shal
this
Proiecture
of
the
Base
be
like
the
Proiecture
,
of
the
Base
of
Dorica
,
&
thus
endeth
the
Base
of
Corinthia
.
SCAPVS
.
VPon
the
Base
or
foote
of
the
piller
ye
shall
sette
Scapus
,
marked
with
V.
whose
height
is
.7
.
Diameters
and
a
halfe
,
whose
thicknes
is
diminished
the
sixte
part
of
the
toppe
of
Scapus
,
vppon
either
side
half
a
parte
as
is
before
sayde
vppon
the
third
part
of
the
height
of
Scapus
,
ye
shall
make
the
half
compas
,
through
the
which
ye
may
finde
a
faire
diminishing
as
I
haue
said
before
in
Thuscana
,
Dorica
,
and
Ionica
.
If
this
piller
be
garnished
and
filled
with
Canaliculi
,
and
Striges
,
whiche
Vitruuius
calleth
Femora
,
there
shal
be
.28
.
in
number
rounde
about
the
pillor
.
The
mesures
of
them
I
haue
before
rehersed
in
the
Ionica
,
sauing
onely
from
the
third
part
of
the
pillor
downewardes
,
Astraguli
be
made
and
set
vpright
round
aboute
the
piller
within
the
Canaliculi
,
the
maner
therof
you
shall
finde
in
the
ground
plot
,
the
which
standeth
here
betwene
the
.2
.
pillers
&
is
marked
with
X.
The
Proiecture
,
of
Them
doth
answer
iustly
with
the
thicknes
of
the
pillor
:
at
the
toppe
of
the
piller
shal
be
made
Astragalus
&
his
edge
,
the
which
shal
be
the
twelfte
parte
of
a
Diameter
in
height
.
The
Proiecture
therof
is
somuche
,
as
the
piller
is
diminished
on
either
side
,
and
thus
finisheth
Scapus
.
CAPITAL
.
OF
this
Capitall
,
Vitruuius
maketh
mencion
in
his
fourth
boke
and
first
chapiter
vppon
the
said
Scapus
,
which
is
the
body
of
the
piller
,
ye
shal
set
the
Capital
being
a
Diameter
in
height
,
and
is
marked
with
Y.
that
height
deuide
into
.7
partes
,
admit
one
vnto
Abacus
,
marked
with
A.
the
which
part
ye
shal
deuide
into
.3
partes
geue
.1
.
vnto
Cimatium
and
his
edge
,
the
other
.2
.
partes
geue
vnto
Plinthus
,
the
other
.6
.
partes
that
remained
from
the
Abacus
downewardes
,
deuide
into
.3
.
partes
,
geue
one
part
vnto
the
shortest
leaues
and
also
one
other
to
the
height
of
the
myddle
leaues
The
third
part
is
left
for
the
height
of
Clauiculi
,
Vitruuius
calleth
it
in
the
makinge
of
the
Capitale
of
Ionica
,
Voluta
,
and
is
in
this
Capitall
marked
with
B.
being
that
which
goeth
out
of
Caulis
,
and
turneth
to
the
4
Corners
of
the
Abacus
and
they
be
in
nomber
.8
.
rounde
about
the
Capital
,
the
which
closeth
togither
at
the
.4
.
corners
of
the
Capitall
,
also
there
be
other
smaller
,
that
are
called
Helices
,
the
which
springe
out
of
that
which
is
the
budde
or
Caules
,
and
growe
vpwardes
right
vnder
the
Abacus
and
haue
but
halfe
the
height
of
the
other
greater
Helices
,
or
Volutas
and
also
.8
of
them
be
rounde
about
growinge
also
.2
.
and
.2
.
togithers
vnder
the
.4
forefronts
of
the
Abacus
,
ouer
the
whiche
standeth
the
flower
or
Rose
in
the
myddell
of
the
Abacus
whose
height
is
equall
with
the
thiknes
or
height
of
Abacus
,
being
.4
.
roses
or
flowers
in
nomber
in
the
.4
.
frontes
of
the
Abacus
.
Also
vnder
the
Abacus
is
a
certaine
square
edge
named
Tenia
,
whose
height
is
half
somuche
,
as
the
Abacus
is
in
height
,
his
Proiecture
answereth
to
the
thicknes
of
the
pillor
or
Scapus
,
beneth
:
the
which
is
the
Diameter
,
Concerning
the
other
Proiectures
,
they
beginne
thus
.
The
Proiecture
of
the
Abacus
answereth
&
is
like
vnto
the
Proiecture
of
the
Plinthus
of
the
Base
or
foote
of
the
piller
,
and
sailleth
ouer
some
what
more
then
the
Plinthus
.
Nowe
to
knowe
how
muche
the
Abacus
hangeth
ouer
more
then
the
Plinthus
of
the
Base
of
the
pillor
,
the
which
is
shewed
in
the
ground
plotte
named
Ichnographia
,
and
is
marked
with
C.
whiche
grounde
is
to
be
made
thus
.
Make
you
a
rounde
compas
beinge
of
the
thicknes
of
the
piller
then
make
a
square
without
that
compas
and
also
make
an
other
compas
,
so
grate
as
maye
be
,
touching
the
.4
.
corner
:
of
the
sayd
square
,
also
set
that
compas
within
an
other
square
,
touchinge
the
.4
.
sides
of
the
great
compas
.
So
done
we
shall
come
to
the
right
ground
and
fascion
of
the
Abacus
,
the
which
lieth
on
the
vasse
or
basket
,
that
was
founde
on
the
maydens
tombe
in
Corinthe
,
as
before
is
rehersed
.
Now
let
vs
finishe
and
ende
the
ground
plotte
of
the
Capital
That
space
which
is
left
bitwene
the
two
squares
righte
in
the
myddell
of
one
of
the
sides
,
deuyde
you
into
.4
partes
Then
take
a
paire
of
compas
,
setting
the
one
poinct
of
the
compas
righte
in
the
Corner
of
the
greate
square
beinge
marked
with
.5
.
and
the
other
poincte
of
the
compas
bring
vnto
the
other
corner
of
that
square
marked
with
.6
.
and
so
drawe
downewardes
towardes
.7
.
then
bring
that
poincte
of
the
compas
,
vppe
agayne
and
set
it
in
the
place
that
it
came
from
,
and
bringe
downe
the
other
poincte
of
the
compas
,
from
.5
.
vnto
.7
.
and
there
it
shall
make
a
crosse
.
Then
set
the
poinct
of
the
compas
,
in
the
middes
of
the
crosse
and
the
other
poinct
of
the
compas
sette
vppon
the
strike
betwen
the
2.
squares
,
the
which
is
marked
with
.3
.
and
so
drawe
with
the
compas
from
.3
to
.5
.
and
againe
from
.3
.
to
.6
.
and
vse
all
the
other
sides
in
lyke
maner
,
and
so
through
it
ye
shall
knowe
the
trewe
Proiecture
.
Nowe
to
knowe
whither
this
grounde
be
vprighte
or
not
,
ye
shall
make
a
strike
ouerthwarte
the
greate
square
from
corner
to
corner
,
that
line
is
named
Diagonus
,
whose
marke
is
C.
being
in
lenght
.2
.
Diameters
So
done
is
the
grounde
plotte
of
this
Capitall
,
vpright
and
trewe
,
the
which
bringeth
with
it
,
his
trewe
Proiecture
.
Also
ye
shall
perceiue
in
this
Capital
,
marked
with
Y.
that
from
the
vttermost
of
the
Abacus
,
marked
with
A.
is
drawen
a
line
by
the
side
of
the
Capital
,
downewardes
vnto
the
Astragali
,
that
lieth
vnder
the
Capitall
,
whose
Proiecture
,
is
so
muche
as
the
pillor
is
diminished
on
the
one
side
.
Then
shall
the
Proiecture
of
the
Voluta
or
greate
Helices
,
marked
with
B
touche
the
line
that
is
drawen
by
the
side
of
the
Capitall
.
The
long
leaues
also
vnder
the
Voluta
,
shall
touche
that
line
and
in
lyke
case
the
shorte
leaues
.
So
done
you
haue
your
right
and
parfaicte
grounde
and
the
trewe
vprighte
measures
of
this
Capitall
with
all
his
Proiectures
.
Touchinge
this
pillor
that
standeth
on
the
other
side
,
the
whiche
is
Antique
:
it
standeth
,
in
an
Arch
triumphale
,
whose
height
is
.29
.
modernelles
and
.15
.
minutes
,
the
length
of
which
elle
,
containeth
.22
.
inches
and
a
halfe
.
In
Pantheon
within
Rome
,
and
diuers
other
places
in
Italie
are
these
pillers
founde
standing
in
good
estate
.
For
this
cause
haue
I
sette
this
Antique
pillor
here
beside
that
ye
should
perceiue
the
beawtie
whiche
is
in
it
,
the
whiche
differeth
littell
from
the
firste
inuention
of
Vitruuius
.
The
bodie
of
this
saide
pillor
is
garnished
with
Canaliculi
,
&
the
nomber
of
them
is
.26
.
or
28.
whose
Capital
,
is
a
Diameter
,
in
height
beside
the
Abacus
,
and
the
Abacus
added
therto
is
the
seuenth
parte
of
a
Diameter
,
his
height
to
maintaine
:
the
Antiques
affirme
that
the
firste
Author
hath
mente
it
thus
the
Capitall
to
be
a
Diameter
in
height
beside
the
Abacus
,
the
height
therof
is
before
rehersed
:
also
asmuche
as
they
haue
added
vnto
the
Capitall
,
somuche
haue
they
diminished
of
the
height
of
Scapus
,
So
that
the
pillor
remaineth
yet
.9
.
Diameters
in
height
,
yea
and
some
hath
added
the
seuenth
parte
therto
.
Neuertheles
it
is
beawtifull
that
they
haue
made
,
the
other
I
do
leaue
to
the
disresciones
of
them
whiche
are
or
wil
be
maisters
in
this
worthie
science
,
of
Architecture
.
And
thus
finisheth
the
order
of
this
Capitall
.
ARCHITRAVE
,
FRISE
,
AND
CORNISHE
.
AS
touching
the
Architraue
,
frise
,
&
Cornish
,
bilōging
to
Corinthia
,
Vitruuius
,
maketh
no
great
mencion
therof
,
Neuertheles
he
doth
describe
the
beginning
of
Mutuli
to
be
necessarie
in
all
Mullers
to
be
made
as
ye
may
perceiue
by
the
antique
workes
or
buildings
.
But
this
Architraue
,
frise
,
and
Cornishe
,
shal
be
like
vnto
that
whiche
was
made
for
the
Ionica
,
but
vnto
this
Cornishe
,
is
added
Echinus
,
marked
with
G.
standing
betwixt
Denticuli
and
Corona
,
being
in
height
like
vnto
the
vndermost
Fascia
,
marked
with
D.
the
Proiecture
of
the
Cornish
,
is
increased
somuche
as
Echinus
is
in
height
also
vnto
the
Architraue
is
added
vnder
the
seconde
Fascia
,
marked
with
E.
Astragalus
,
being
in
height
the
eight
parte
of
that
Fascia
,
make
also
that
Astragalus
,
to
be
in
height
the
eight
part
of
the
highest
Fascia
,
marked
with
F
the
whiche
Astragalus
,
shal
be
as
it
were
certaine
rounde
beryes
and
the
other
Astragalus
,
that
lieth
vnder
the
myddle
Fascia
,
shal
be
wrothonne
like
a
wreath
:
as
concerning
the
Frise
,
it
is
to
be
ordered
as
before
is
mencioned
in
the
measures
of
the
Ionica
,
the
proiecture
of
the
foresaid
Architraue
,
is
before
rehersed
in
Ionica
.
Now
it
behoueth
to
make
mention
of
an
other
order
and
commen
rule
that
the
antiques
heretofore
haue
vsed
in
their
time
of
buildinges
appertaining
to
the
whole
Trabeations
of
the
Corinthe
,
the
measures
is
as
hereafter
followeth
.
Deuide
the
height
of
the
pillor
with
the
Base
and
Capitall
,
into
.4
.
partes
,
the
which
whole
Trabeationes
,
shal
be
in
height
asmuche
as
.1
.
of
the
.4
.
partes
of
the
height
of
the
pillor
,
and
that
height
deuide
into
.10
.
partes
,
wherof
ye
shall
geue
.3
.
vnto
the
height
of
Epistilium
,
the
which
we
call
Architraue
,
marked
with
.
I.
and
also
geue
.3
.
vnto
the
height
of
Zophorus
,
which
we
cal
the
frese
,
marked
with
K.
those
.4
.
which
remaigne
geue
vnto
the
Cornish
,
which
Vitruuius
called
Coronices
,
marked
with
L.
Concerning
these
.4
.
partes
that
are
geuen
vnto
Coronix
,
deuide
you
into
.9
.
partes
geue
.1
.
vnto
Cymatium
marked
with
.M.
and
geue
also
2.
parts
vnto
Echinus
,
with
his
edge
whose
marke
is
N.
and
also
geue
2.
such
partes
vnto
Mutili
,
whiche
is
also
named
Modiglions
,
with
his
Cymatium
marked
with
O
also
geue
.2
.
of
those
partes
vnto
Corona
,
and
his
Cymatium
,
which
is
the
forthe
parte
of
Corona
,
and
is
marked
with
P.
and
the
other
.2
partes
geue
vnto
Syma
,
and
his
edge
at
the
top
which
is
the
eight
part
of
the
whole
Syma
,
which
is
marked
with
Q.
The
Proiecture
,
shal
be
as
before
is
rehersed
sauing
onely
that
Mutili
,
shall
hange
ouer
so
farre
as
ye
maye
conueniently
not
hyddinge
or
shadowing
his
Cymatium
the
which
doth
answere
right
to
the
Proiecture
of
Corona
.
Vitruuius
declareth
also
the
whole
height
of
the
Trabeationes
,
to
be
the
fifthe
part
of
the
length
of
the
pillor
,
&
so
he
writteth
that
it
was
made
in
Theatrum
,
wherof
he
maketh
mention
in
his
fifth
booke
and
seuenth
chapiter
,
this
Trabeatione
,
is
of
that
height
the
whiche
he
spake
of
and
is
marked
with
H.
Now
as
touching
the
other
side
that
standeth
ouer
the
garnished
pillor
,
that
is
also
antique
,
it
is
inriched
beawtifull●e
hauinge
in
it
Denticuli
,
Echinus
,
and
also
Mutuli
,
the
which
Vitruuius
,
doth
not
allowe
saing
in
his
forth
booke
and
second
Chapiter
,
that
Denticuli
,
&
Mutili
ought
not
to
stande
,
or
be
made
in
one
Cornishe
or
Coronix
as
ye
may
perceue
by
the
other
Coronices
for
that
which
standeth
in
the
myddes
hath
Mutili
,
and
Echinus
,
and
hath
not
Denticuli
,
also
the
other
Coronices
that
standeth
ouer
the
Image
hath
in
it
Denticuli
,
&
Echinus
,
but
not
Mutuli
.
So
that
which
hath
Mutili
hath
not
Denticuli
,
and
likewise
that
,
whiche
hath
Denticuli
must
not
haue
Mutili
,
So
that
both
these
Coronices
,
haue
their
alteracion
ye
both
obserue
the
Rule
of
Vitruuius
,
To
the
third
Coronix
,
that
the
antiques
,
haue
deuised
in
their
buildinges
they
haue
added
Mutilos
or
Denticul●●●
according
to
their
willes
&
haue
garn●●●…
it
most
triumphantly
,
as
is
manifest
in
diuers
of
their
doinges
.
For
the
which
they
ought
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
commended
.
For
Vitruuius
saith
,
that
Mutili
shal
be
a
necessary
thinge
in
all
Coronices
,
as
〈◊〉
teacheth
also
,
that
Denticuli
should
be
obserued
in
Ionica
,
seing
that
it
may
be
suffered
i●●●nica
,
it
is
necessarye
to
be
obserued
in
Corinthia
,
and
is
made
in
Italie
to
their
commend●●●●
and
fame
,
whose
Proiecture
therby
doth
more
abound
in
beawtie
.
Thus
ende
the
measure
〈…〉
the
makinge
of
Corinthia
.
NEuerthelesse
I
thinke
it
good
to
make
a
brief
rehesall
,
retourning
to
the
place
〈◊〉
I
began
at
,
&
also
for
that
her
is
added
diuers
thinges
,
in
the
.3
.
chaunges
of
the
Tr●●●●●●tions
in
inglishe
called
architraue
,
frise
,
and
Cornishe
,
the
first
and
highest
is
R●●●●●
Sima
marked
.
Q.
C.
matium
Corona
marked
P.
Cymatium
Mutili
marked
O.
Regula
Ec●●●●
marked
G.
Astragalus
&
Apophiges
Denticuli
Cymatium
marked
M
ZOPHO●●●
marked
K.
EPISTYLIVM
marked
I.
Cymatium
Fascia
marked
F.
with
his
Ast●●●●lus
.
Fascia
secunda
marked
E.
Astragalus
Fascia
tertia
marked
D.
CAPITVLI
m●●●●●
Y.
Abacus
marked
A.
Flos
Voluta
Maiores
marked
B.
Voluta
Minores
.
Folia
Minorae
●●●●…lis
Folia
media
.
Folia
ima
,
COLVMNA
marked
V.
Astragalus
Apophigis
Superior
〈◊〉
●●ferior
.
BASIS
marked
O.
Torus
Superior
marked
Q.
Regula
,
Scotia
superior
.
mar●●●
Regula
Astragalus
Primus
,
Astragalus
Secundus
Regula
,
Trochilus
marked
T.
R.
〈…〉
Torus
inferior
marked
R.
Plinthus
marked
P.
STYLOBATA
,
Coronicis
ma●●●●
C.
Cymatium
marked
I.
Corona
marked
K
Sima
marked
L.
Cymatium
marked
Astragalus
et
Apophigis
marked
N.
Quadratum
Proportionis
super
Bipartient●…
Tertia
marked
A.
BASIS
.
to
the
same
marked
B.
Cymatium
Reuersa
marked
D.
Astragalus
marked
E.
Sima
Reuersa
marked
F.
Torulus
marked
G.
Plinthus
marked
H.
Astragalus
et
Regula
,
Plinthus
inferior
,
last
of
all
ICHNOGRAPHIA
the
ground
plotte
and
foundation
where
with
this
worke
began
and
also
endeth
.
❧
COMPOSITA
diagram and illustration of Composite or Italic column
COMPOSITA
,
OR
ITALICA
¶
COMPOSITA
OR
ITALICA
THE
TRYVMPHANT
pillor
,
deuised
by
the
Romanes
,
and
setcheth
his
compoundes
out
of
all
the
other
before
rehersed
and
written
.
THis
pillor
named
Composita
shal
be
.10
.
Diameters
in
height
,
the
which
Dyameters
are
drawen
ouerthwart
the
pillor
,
whereof
the
Capitall
.
is
a
wholle
Dyameter
in
height
,
and
Spira
or
Base
is
halfe
a
Diameter
in
height
.
Now
as
concerning
the
measures
of
the
Pedestal
,
the
bredth
of
the
square
stone
which
is
the
bodye
of
the
Pedestall
shal
be
doubled
in
the
height
,
whiche
Philander
nameth
the
quadrante
of
the
double
proportio
which
is
marked
with
A
whose
height
shal
be
deuided
into
.8
.
partes
,
one
suche
part
ye
shall
adde
to
the
height
of
his
Coronix
,
marked
with
B.
asmuche
you
shall
adde
vnto
his
Base
marked
with
C
the
other
measures
therin
belonging
shal
be
as
before
is
rehersed
in
the
Corinthia
,
but
in
this
Base
is
added
Cymatium
which
lieth
betwene
Astragalus
,
&
the
square
of
the
pedestall
.
Also
Coronix
is
to
be
made
as
before
is
rehersed
in
Corinthia
,
but
that
in
this
,
they
haue
added
Denticulos
,
the
which
he
betwene
Cymatium
and
Echinus
,
throughe
the
which
it
mounteth
to
a
forther
Proiecture
,
the
which
the
Romaynes
haue
done
for
the
more
pleasure
of
the
eye
.
As
touchinge
the
bodye
of
the
Pedestall
they
haue
garnished
it
beautifully
after
diuers
sortes
as
by
these
finished
figures
,
ye
maye
perceiue
.
Nowe
as
the
other
Pedestalles
before
mencioned
,
were
parted
and
deuided
into
so
many
partes
as
the
pillors
were
Diameters
in
height
,
so
is
this
Pedestall
10.
partes
in
height
of
the
which
,
the
Base
occupieth
the
lowest
part
,
which
is
marked
with
C.
Also
the
double
square
occupieth
eight
partes
to
his
height
,
&
the
tenth
part
is
admitted
to
Coronix
,
marked
with
B.
BASIS
or
SPIRA
.
RIght
and
directely
vpon
the
middell
of
the
Pedestall
shal
be
set
Spira
or
the
Base
of
the
pillor
marked
with
D.
whose
height
shal
be
a
Modulus
,
or
halfe
the
thiknesof
the
pillor
,
the
which
height
ye
shal
deuid
into
.6
.
partes
geue
one
part
vnto
Torus
aboue
marked
with
E.
the
other
.5
,
partes
shal
be
deuided
into
.3
partes
geue
one
part
vnto
Plinthus
marked
with
F.
the
other
.2
.
partes
you
shall
deuide
into
.12
partes
wherof
ye
shal
geue
.5
.
partes
vnto
Torus
the
lower
marked
with
G.
geue
also
.2
.
partes
to
the
two
Astragali
with
their
Rute
whose
marke
is
.
H.
the
which
edge
or
regula
,
is
in
height
the
one
half
of
.1
.
Astragalus
,
geue
also
.1
parte
vnto
that
,
which
is
marked
with
I.
some
name
it
Echinus
,
but
the
garnishing
therof
is
not
like
Echinus
,
which
lieth
vnder
the
higher
Torus
,
whose
edge
shal
be
half
a
part
.
So
that
the
highest
Torus
,
&
Scotia
,
marked
with
K
(
the
which
the
grekes
call
Trochelon
)
be
very
nigh
of
one
height
.
The
Proiectures
of
this
Base
are
as
before
is
rehersed
in
Corinthia
.
SCAPVS
.
THe
body
of
the
pillor
shal
be
.8
.
½
Diameters
in
height
,
the
which
are
drawen
ouerthwart
the
pillor
Now
as
touching
the
diminishing
of
the
pillor
aboue
ye
shall
begin
thus
vppon
the
third
Diameter
there
ye
shal
trie
the
middle
of
the
pillor
vnder
the
Capital
.
Then
deuid
the
thicknes
of
your
pillor
into
.6
.
partes
that
is
.3
.
on
eche
side
of
the
middle
of
the
pillor
and
ye
shall
sette
.5
.
suche
partes
for
the
thicknes
of
the
pillor
vnder
the
Capitall
,
which
shal
be
.2
.
and
a
halfe
on
eche
side
of
the
pillors
myddel
,
from
the
which
thiknes
of
the
pillor
vnder
the
Capitall
drawe
both
the
sides
downe
wardes
perpendiculerly
vppon
the
thirde
Diameter
wheron
ye
shall
make
a
half
cyrcle
so
greate
as
it
maye
be
within
the
Diameter
or
thiknes
of
the
pillor
and
it
shall
make
on
eche
side
a
crosse
ouer
the
perpendiculer
line
,
measure
from
the
crosses
downewardes
euen
vpon
the
strike
of
the
half
cyrcle
or
compas
to
the
ouerthwart
strike
vpon
the
third
Diameter
&
deuide
it
into
.6
.
partes
,
making
.6
.
lines
crossing
ouer
the
half
cyrcle
.
And
ye
shall
begin
to
drawe
from
the
line
marked
.2
.
in
the
halfe
cyrcle
vnto
the
ouerthwart
line
at
the
toppe
of
the
pillor
marked
with
.2
.
and
also
from
the
line
of
the
halfe
cyrcle
.3
.
drawe
vpwardes
perpendiculerly
to
the
ouerthwarte
strike
marked
with
.3
.
and
so
drawe
vpwardes
from
4.
to
the
ouerthwarte
line
marked
.4
.
and
so
from
.5
.
to
.5
.
and
also
perpendiculerly
drawe
from
6.
to
.6
.
Then
take
a
rule
and
drawe
from
Diameter
vnto
Diameter
downewardes
,
closing
vp
the
side
of
the
pillor
as
you
may
perceue
by
your
figure
,
for
I
haue
drawen
&
closed
the
one
side
of
the
pillor
,
and
the
other
side
I
haue
lefte
open
that
ye
should
plainely
perceiue
the
working
therof
,
the
height
of
the
Diameter
,
vnder
the
Capitall
.
ye
shall
deuide
into
12.
partes
the
highest
part
shal
be
deuided
into
.3
equall
partes
,
wherof
ye
shal
geue
.2
.
vnto
Astragalus
,
marked
with
L.
and
the
third
part
shal
be
geuen
to
the
edge
or
Senta
,
which
is
marked
with
M.
Also
an
other
litle
square
edge
,
which
lieth
vpon
the
Base
being
at
the
lowest
parte
of
Scapus
shal
be
in
height
like
vnto
Astragalus
,
at
the
top
of
Scapus
.
Concerning
the
garnishing
of
the
body
of
the
pillor
or
Scapus
,
which
oure
authour
calleth
Canaliculi
and
Striges
,
the
antiques
haue
deuised
so
many
sundry
sortes
,
that
herin
the
beawtye
of
them
cannot
be
expressed
.
But
amonge
all
other
in
Pantheon
,
is
a
pillor
thus
deuided
.
Ther
be
Canaliculi
,
round
abought
the
pillor
.24
.
in
number
,
and
eache
of
them
in
deuided
into
9.
partes
,
of
the
whiche
partes
.4
.
is
geuen
vnto
that
,
whiche
oure
authore
nameth
Stryges
,
vpon
the
which
are
made
vpright
in
the
middle
therof
Astragali
,
whose
bredthe
is
.2
.
of
those
.4
.
partes
,
the
other
.2
.
partes
are
lefte
for
Stryges
.
So
that
vpon
eache
side
of
the
Astragali
,
is
left
one
part
.
The
other
.5
.
partes
are
left
for
Canaliculi
,
the
which
are
hollowe
inwardes
.
There
is
an
other
pillor
,
the
which
standeth
in
Basilia
del
foro
transitorio
,
in
Rome
,
the
which
is
made
much
after
one
fashion
but
that
the
Architect
hath
made
his
Canaliculi
,
somwhat
biggar
or
largar
.
And
that
measure
is
thus
.
The
pillor
rounde
about
shal
be
deuided
into
.28
.
or
.32
.
partes
The
occasion
wherfore
the
number
of
those
doth
differ
,
is
for
the
placinge
of
the
pillor
standing
farre
or
nighe
vnto
the
eye
,
for
if
this
piller
stande
farre
from
the
eye
,
there
shal
be
in
number
.24
.
and
at
the
most
but
.26
.
And
if
the
pillor
standeth
nigh
vnto
the
eye
,
there
shal
be
in
number
.28
.
or
.30
.
and
at
the
moste
,
they
made
32.
rounde
about
the
pillor
.
Nowe
eche
of
those
partes
shal
be
deuided
into
.3
.
partes
,
let
.2
.
of
those
partes
be
geuen
to
Canaliculi
,
the
thirde
parte
ye
shal
deuide
into
.4
.
partes
wherof
geue
.2
.
vnto
Astragalus
,
and
the
other
.2
.
that
remaine
,
geue
vnto
the
Strigeus
,
that
stande
on
eche
side
of
the
Astragalus
,
the
bredthe
of
eche
of
them
is
a
parte
,
as
ye
may
perceiue
by
this
Ichnographia
the
whiche
figure
is
and
standeth
here
betwene
your
2.
pillors
being
your
parfaicte
ground
of
the
bodye
of
the
pillor
or
Scapus
,
whiche
is
marked
with
N.
Thus
finishinge
the
measures
,
the
Prouctures
shal
be
as
is
before
declared
in
making
of
the
other
pillors
.
CAPITAL
.
ON
the
toppe
of
Scapus
,
or
pillor
shal
be
sett
the
Capitall
,
whose
height
shal
be
a
Diameter
,
in
the
which
Capitall
Abacus
with
his
long
and
shorte
leaues
,
and
his
Caules
out
of
the
which
spring
the
smaller
Helices
,
be
a
portion
taken
from
Corinthia
.
Also
they
haue
brought
to
pas
in
this
Capitall
,
Voluta
and
Echinus
and
Astragalus
,
with
his
rule
,
which
is
and
are
portiones
of
Ionica
.
The
measures
of
this
Capital
are
thus
.
From
the
pillor
vpwardes
to
the
toppe
of
the
Capitall
,
that
is
marked
with
O
whose
height
is
a
Diameter
shal
be
deuided
into
.7
partes
,
wherof
one
shal
be
geuen
to
Abacus
,
lung
at
the
toppe
of
the
Capitall
,
which
is
marked
with
P.
the
which
partes
,
some
Architecles
haue
added
to
the
height
of
the
Capitall
,
so
that
they
haue
made
it
to
be
in
height
a
Diameter
,
and
the
seuenth
parte
of
a
Diameter
,
as
before
is
rehersed
in
the
Capitall
of
Corinthia
,
but
so
muche
as
they
haue
added
to
the
height
of
the
Capital
,
somuche
haue
they
abated
from
the
height
of
Scapus
.
Nowe
of
the
forsaid
.7
.
partes
,
doo
remaygne
yet
6.
the
which
shal
be
reduced
into
.3
partes
,
the
one
shal
be
geuen
vnto
the
shorte
leaues
for
their
height
,
the
second
part
shal
be
added
vnto
the
height
of
the
myddle
leaues
,
and
the
third
part
vnto
Voluta
,
marked
with
Q.
as
for
the
height
of
Echinus
,
marked
with
R.
shal
be
founde
in
the
makinge
of
Voluta
,
as
before
is
mencioned
in
Ionica
.
The
Proiecture
of
this
Abacus
,
whose
marke
is
P.
shal
be
euen
so
muche
as
is
the
Proiecture
of
the
Plinthus
,
the
which
is
the
lowest
parte
of
the
Bases
,
of
the
pillor
euen
as
it
is
before
saide
in
the
ground
plot
of
Corinthia
,
This
done
drawe
from
the
vtter
moste
of
the
Abacus
,
downewardes
along
by
the
side
of
the
Capitall
,
vnto
the
vttermost
of
the
Astragali
lienge
vnder
the
Capitall
,
whose
Proiecture
,
shal
be
so
muche
as
it
is
in
height
This
done
you
shall
cause
Voluta
to
touche
the
strike
that
you
haue
drawen
by
the
side
of
the
Capitall
,
and
also
the
myddell
and
longe
leaues
vnder
Voluta
,
shall
haue
their
Proiecture
to
touche
that
line
,
and
also
the
shorts
leaues
shall
touche
the
same
.
This
done
ye
haue
the
true
measures
and
proiectures
of
this
Capitall
,
but
there
be
diuerse
other
beawtifull
Capitalls
,
belonging
to
this
pillor
whiche
hereafter
more
plainlye
shall
appere
.
EPISTYLIVM
.
THe
height
of
this
Epistilium
,
or
Architraue
marked
with
.
S.
shal
be
the
thiknes
of
the
pillor
aboue
vnder
the
Capitall
,
but
if
this
pillor
shall
stande
nighe
vnto
the
eye
then
make
the
height
therof
,
as
before
is
rehersed
in
the
other
pillors
,
which
height
shal
be
deuided
into
.7
parts
wherof
one
shal
be
geuen
vnto
Cimatium
marked
with
T.
the
other
.6
.
parts
,
deuided
into
.12
.
partes
,
geue
.3
.
of
them
to
the
firste
Fascia
,
marked
with
V.
also
geue
.4
.
to
the
second
Fascia
,
marked
with
X
and
geue
5.
vnto
the
thira
Fascia
,
marked
with
Y.
vnder
the
second
and
third
Fascia
,
shal
be
added
Astragali
with
Apophigis
,
to
the
garnishing
therof
,
the
Proiectures
,
and
measures
shal
be
as
is
before
rehersed
in
Corinthia
.
Vpon
the
Epistilium
,
ye
shall
sete
Zophorus
or
Frese
marked
A.
wherin
Mutili
doth
stand
being
in
height
like
to
Epistilium
,
the
Mutili
shall
stande
right
ouer
the
pillor
,
their
bredth
shal
be
the
fifte
parte
lesse
then
the
thicknes
is
of
the
pillor
vnder
the
Capital
,
and
they
be
marked
with
B.
whose
height
shal
be
deuided
into
.6
.
partes
,
Cimatium
occupieth
somuche
as
one
of
the
.6
.
partes
added
for
that
whiche
is
the
Capitall
vnto
the
Mutili
,
&
is
marked
with
C.
the
space
betwene
the
.2
.
Mutili
,
shal
be
somuche
,
as
twyse
the
bredth
of
Mutili
,
the
Proiectures
of
Mutilos
shal
be
asmuche
as
the
wholle
Mutili
is
in
height
.
As
touching
the
Coronices
,
the
one
side
differeth
from
the
other
,
both
being
fayre
,
take
of
them
which
pleaseth
your
mynde
best
,
their
heightes
shal
be
like
vnto
the
height
of
Mutilos
.
Then
ye
shall
deuide
that
side
ouer
the
pillor
into
.7
.
partes
.
Geue
.4
.
vnto
Corona
,
marked
with
D.
also
geue
.2
.
vnto
Cymatium
,
marked
with
E.
the
seuenth
parte
is
lefte
for
Supercilium
or
Regula
,
marked
with
F.
The
Proiecture
therof
shal
be
lyke
their
heightes
the
other
side
of
the
Coronix
,
ouer
the
maiden
which
is
marked
with
G.
shal
be
deuided
into
.2
.
equal
partes
,
the
lowest
parte
shal
be
geuen
vnto
Corona
,
the
seconde
parte
shal
be
deuided
into
.5
.
partes
,
geue
one
vnto
that
with
his
edge
which
is
like
to
Echinus
,
geue
.3
.
vnto
Cimatium
.
and
the
fifthe
parte
,
geue
vnto
Supercilium
.
The
Proiectures
of
Mutilus
with
the
Coronix
shal
be
somuche
as
they
be
both
in
height
,
Mutilus
standing
in
Zophorus
,
the
antiques
haue
deuised
for
a
commoditie
and
a
beawtie
to
their
edifices
.
But
the
cause
why
they
were
sette
in
Zophorus
with
diuers
other
monuments
therto
belonging
herafter
shal
be
declared
as
time
shall
serue
.
Thus
haue
I
finished
for
this
time
the
figures
,
garnishementes
,
and
measures
,
of
these
fiue
pilleres
before
specified
.
¶
OF
AN
OTHER
AVTENTIKE
PILLER
AND
A
nescessarie
Companion
to
the
before
named
pillers
made
by
the
Athenieus
to
his
perfection
named
ATTICVRCA
.
diagram of Attic column
ATICA
OF
this
piller
Plinius
maketh
rehersall
and
as
he
saith
is
a
corner
pillor
,
being
foure
square
,
whose
Diameter
marked
with
A.
(
saith
he
)
is
like
vnto
the
round
pillers
,
which
he
standeth
by
but
in
the
Diagonall
line
marked
B.
he
is
thicker
then
the
rounde
pillers
.
It
is
that
piller
which
Vitruuius
nameth
Atticurga
or
Attica
,
made
by
,
the
Atheniens
,
the
which
nation
vsed
also
the
mesures
of
Corinthia
in
their
pillers
.
So
that
the
Capital
of
this
foresaide
piller
,
is
much
like
to
the
Capital
of
Corinthia
.
The
Spira
,
or
Base
of
the
saide
Attica
,
wherwith
also
they
vsed
to
garnish
Corinthia
,
Vitruuius
,
also
,
witnesseth
of
suche
a
pillor
,
declaring
and
saith
,
that
Spira
attica
should
be
like
vnto
Spira
or
Base
Ionica
.
Thus
haue
you
all
the
maner
and
measures
of
pillers
that
anye
notable
maisters
of
Architecture
or
Authours
therof
haue
written
.
As
in
order
do
followe
.
Tuscana
conteineth
in
height
.6
.
Diameters
Dorica
.7
.
Diameters
in
height
.
Ionica
.8
.
Diameters
in
height
,
Corinthia
.9
.
Diameters
in
height
,
and
Composita
,
contaigneth
.10
.
Diameters
in
height
,
Nowe
of
this
forsayde
pillor
Atticurga
,
I
finde
no
mencion
made
of
his
height
.
But
of
the
multitude
of
his
Canaliculi
,
whiche
be
.7
.
on
either
side
of
the
pillor
.
And
as
touchinge
his
height
,
wherof
no
mention
is
made
,
it
is
to
be
thought
that
he
must
beare
suche
height
as
the
rest
of
the
pillors
for
Vitruuius
saith
that
the
highest
pillor
passeth
not
.10
Diameters
,
in
height
so
that
his
height
may
be
agreable
to
the
height
of
those
round
pillors
that
are
Ioyned
with
him
,
whither
they
be
Composita
or
Corinthia
,
which
I
my selfe
haue
sene
in
Rome
in
the
arke
triumphant
of
Seuerus
,
beinge
ioined
with
Composita
,
also
in
Pantheon
where
his
three
sides
plainely
are
sene
,
the
fourth
standing
in
the
wal
,
the
Capital
and
base
is
like
to
the
round
pillers
,
wherwith
he
standeth
being
Corinthia
.
The
Proiecture
of
his
base
was
like
vnto
Spira
attica
,
the
which
is
halfe
a
Modulus
,
on
either
side
of
the
Base
,
the
which
Vitruuius
more
plainly
at
large
declareth
.
¶
THE
CHAVNGE
OF
THE
FIVE
PILLERS
ORDERLY
to
be
vsed
eche
of
them
in
his
kynde
whiche
order
of
buildinges
be
named
of
Vitruuius
as
followeth
PICNOSTYLOS
,
SISTYLOS
,
DIASTYLOS
,
ARIOSTYLOS
,
EVSTYLOS
,
whose
pictures
insew●th
demonstrated
in
order
.
NOwe
for
somuche
as
I
haue
rehersed
the
beginning
and
the
Institution
of
this
arte
of
Architecture
,
naming
the
writers
and
authors
of
the
said
science
,
and
declared
the
measures
geometrycall
therto
belonging
in
their
simetries
,
with
all
their
garnishementes
:
it
is
therfore
also
requisit
to
reherse
and
to
let
you
vnderstand
,
by
what
meanes
the
order
of
the
before
named
pillers
shal
be
altered
in
their
standing
,
adding
,
or
abating
to
or
fro
,
euery
of
them
accordingly
as
they
shal
be
placed
,
by
whiche
knowledge
or
like
knowledges
many
may
come
to
the
righte
perfection
,
vpon
whiche
occasion
it
shal
be
declared
what
mention
Vitruuius
doth
make
in
the
third
boke
and
second
Chapiter
&
also
the
opinion
of
Sebastianus
Serlius
and
other
vpon
the
same
,
how
far
and
how
nere
the
pillers
shal
be
set
a
sunder
:
Saying
that
this
order
of
Picnostylos
ought
thus
to
be
made
,
that
which
is
the
space
betwene
the
.2
.
pillers
shal
be
a
Diameter
and
a
halfe
the
piller
being
in
height
.10
.
Diameters
.
Sistylos
is
that
which
hath
.2
.
Diameters
betwixt
the
.2
pillers
,
whose
height
shal
be
9.
Diameters
and
a
halfe
.
Diastylos
shall
thus
be
made
,
the
pillers
shall
stand
.3
.
Diameters
one
from
an
other
,
whose
height
shal
be
.8
.
Diameters
and
a
halfe
.
Ariostylos
is
that
,
which
hath
the
space
or
bredth
betwene
the
pillers
.4
.
5.
or
.6
.
Diameters
,
and
at
the
furdest
.7
.
Diameters
,
the
whiche
pillers
comonly
are
.8
.
Diameters
in
height
:
but
in
the
Eustylos
the
authors
differ
.
the
one
saith
that
his
measure
is
like
Diastyli
,
and
the
other
saith
that
it
ought
to
be
like
Sistyli
,
and
so
because
Diastyli
is
.8
.
Diameters
and
a
halfe
and
Sistyli
.9
.
and
a
halfe
,
therfore
oure
authoure
hath
made
betwene
them
both
an
vniformity
,
and
causeth
Eustylos
to
be
.9
.
Diameters
in
height
.
This
done
Areostyli
is
.8
.
Diameters
in
height
.
Diastyli
.8
.
Diameters
and
a
halfe
.
Eustylos
9.
Diameters
.
Sistyli
.9
.
and
a
halfe
,
and
Picnostyli
.10
.
Diameters
.
Nowe
like
as
Tuscana
,
Dorica
,
Ionica
,
Corinthia
,
&
Composita
,
increase
their
heightes
by
Diameters
,
so
do
these
.5
.
here
before
rehersed
increase
their
heightes
by
Modulus
or
half
Diameters
,
and
you
shal
also
garnish
&
fashion
them
according
to
their
lengthes
,
as
I
haue
by
their
lenght
shewed
before
their
similitude
and
strength
,
whiche
you
shall
see
and
perceiue
more
plainely
in
the
demonstrations
followinge
.
AREOSTYLOS
.
diagram showing Araeostyle (light-columned) spacing
AREOSTYLOS
BEginning
with
this
first
being
Areostylos
,
as
Cesarianus
saieth
,
ought
to
be
in
height
.8
.
Diameters
,
and
the
distaunce
betwene
the
.2
.
pillors
to
be
4.
5.
or
.6
.
Diameters
as
is
before
rehersed
,
whiche
piller
for
his
strength
is
likned
or
to
be
sembled
vnto
Tuscana
necessary
for
all
foundations
and
fortifications
both
to
withstande
great
forse
,
&
supporte
wayghtie
burdens
,
as
the
maister
builder
can
vse
him
,
which
is
to
be
sene
in
diuers
places
in
Italie
,
calling
it
Rusticke
or
Rughe
hewed
stone
,
and
in
other
places
to
be
otherwise
garnished
.
DIASTYLOS
.
diagram showing Diastyle (board-columned) spacing
DIASTYLOS
THe
second
order
as
I
haue
placed
it
,
is
that
whiche
Vitruuius
calleth
Diastylos
,
whose
height
(
saith
he
)
is
.8
Diameters
and
a
halfe
,
and
the
distaunce
betwene
the
.2
.
pillers
ought
to
be
.3
.
Diameters
or
.4
.
at
the
furdest
.
which
pillor
is
likned
vnto
Dorica
made
to
his
perfection
in
the
temple
of
Mars
.
which
also
is
a
piller
to
garnishe
cyties
and
gates
somwhat
pleasaunt
and
stronge
as
is
to
be
sene
in
diuers
places
,
as
also
gates
of
pallaces
with
the
vtter
galleries
.
EVSTYLOS
.
diagram showing Eustyle (well-columned) spacing
EVSTYLOS
.
THe
third
order
is
that
whiche
Vitruuius
calleth
Eustylos
,
the
whiche
oure
Author
hath
brought
to
a
vniformity
,
saying
the
piller
to
be
in
height
.9
.
Diameters
,
&
the
distaunce
betwen
the
.2
.
pillers
to
be
.2
.
Diameters
&
a
quarter
,
as
Guliheline
Philander
affirmeth
,
but
at
the
furdest
.2
.
Diameters
and
a
halfe
or
.3
.
which
piller
is
likned
vnto
Ionica
builded
to
his
parfection
in
the
temple
of
Diana
&
Apollo
&
to
be
vsed
in
many
meane
edifices
to
be
garnished
accordinglye
.
SISTYLOS
.
diagram showing Systyle (close-columned) spacing
SISTYLOS
.
THe
fourth
order
is
that
whiche
Vitruuius
calleth
Sistylos
,
whose
height
(
saith
he
,
is
)
.9
.
diameters
and
a
halfe
,
whose
pillers
standeth
distant
one
from
the
other
.2
.
Diameters
,
or
.2
.
and
a
halfe
at
the
fourdest
and
after
this
maner
it
was
made
in
the
temple
of
Fortune
,
which
piller
is
likned
vnto
Corinthia
,
whose
measures
are
slender
&
serueth
to
garnish
princes
pallaces
and
for
diuers
other
thinges
necessarye
whiche
multitude
nedeth
not
to
be
rehersed
,
but
as
time
shall
serue
they
maye
be
practised
and
brought
in
vre
to
diuers
vses
most
necessarie
.
PICNOSTYLOS
.
diagram showing Pyknostyle (tight-columned) spacing
PICNOSTYLOS
THe
first
&
last
order
is
that
which
Vitruuius
,
calleth
Picnostylos
whose
height
saieth
he
is
.10
Diameters
whose
pillers
standeth
distant
from
eche
other
a
Diameter
,
&
a
halfe
or
.2
.
at
the
furdest
&
thus
was
it
made
in
the
temple
of
Venus
which
piller
is
sembled
or
to
be
compared
vnto
Composita
hauing
in
it
the
full
beawtie
of
al
the
forsaide
measures
and
garnishments
,
for
al
excellent
artificers
,
beawtifully
to
set
furth
whether
it
be
in
golde
or
siluer
or
other
riche
stone
or
fine
woodes
in
marketrey
or
imbosinge
or
caruing
as
shal
be
thought
pleasaunt
&
necessary
for
noble
&
mighty
princes
or
for
diuers
other
estates
louers
of
excellency
or
conninge
.
¶
AN
OTHER
RVLE
GEVEN
BY
VITRVVIVS
for
these
three
orders
of
pillers
Dorica
,
Ionica
,
Corinthia
,
to
be
vsed
as
folowith
.
HOw
if
you
will
begin
with
the
order
of
Dorica
,
you
shall
deuide
his
height
with
the
Base
and
Capitall
into
.15
.
partes
,
one
of
those
partes
shal
be
the
height
of
the
Base
and
asmuche
vnto
the
height
of
the
Capital
,
whiche
shal
be
the
Modulus
of
the
worke
.
If
it
shal
be
the
order
of
Ionica
,
you
shall
deuide
the
height
of
Scapus
,
with
the
Base
and
Capitall
into
.8
.
partes
and
a
halfe
,
and
one
of
those
partes
shal
be
the
Diameter
of
the
whole
worke
,
whose
Base
shal
be
a
Modulus
in
height
,
his
Capital
shal
be
as
before
is
rehersed
in
Ionica
▪
also
if
you
will
make
an
order
of
Corinthia
,
ye
shall
make
it
as
I
haue
now
rehersed
of
this
laste
piller
,
sauing
onely
that
in
the
stede
of
the
Capitall
of
Ionica
,
ye
shall
set
the
Capitall
of
Corinthia
,
which
is
a
dyameter
in
height
.
Now
ye
shall
vnderstand
that
Vitruuius
doth
not
will
Dorica
,
Ionica
,
and
Corinthia
,
to
stande
one
vpon
an
other
but
he
willeth
the
Edifice
to
be
all
of
Dorica
,
orels
all
of
Ionica
,
or
all
of
Corinthia
,
and
they
to
stande
one
vppon
an
other
,
alway
d
minishinge
,
so
that
the
higher
they
stand
,
the
lesser
or
sklenderer
they
muste
be
,
for
,
as
he
saieth
,
a
tree
is
no
where
so
greate
as
at
the
ground
,
and
so
groweth
smaller
and
smaller
vpwardes
vnto
the
toppe
.
likewyse
,
he
willeth
the
lowest
pillor
to
be
strongest
made
vpon
the
measure
,
as
before
is
sayd
,
and
the
second
pillor
,
that
standeth
ouer
him
,
both
in
height
and
bredthe
shall
diminishe
his
fourthe
parte
.
And
his
Architraue
,
frese
or
Cornish
shal
be
in
heigth
the
fiueth
parte
of
the
height
of
that
piller
,
and
so
settinge
the
one
vpon
the
other
,
diminishinge
after
this
sayde
order
.
Some
of
the
antiques
aforsaid
haue
obserued
these
orders
and
measures
,
as
Sebastianus
,
doth
witnesse
in
his
third
boke
and
fourth
Capiter
that
there
are
many
edifices
of
the
antiques
wherin
all
the
orders
of
these
pillers
haue
bene
sette
one
vppon
an
other
:
garnishing
them
accordinglye
as
it
is
yet
to
be
sene
in
the
Amphitiatrum
named
Collosseum
in
Rome
whose
excellent
and
praise
worthy
doing
shal
be
more
plainely
sette
fourth
hereafter
.
¶
HERE
IS
AN
OTHER
NECESSARIE
Rule
appointed
of
Vitruutus
for
the
diminishing
of
Scapus
,
vnder
the
Capitall
by
the
increasing
of
his
height
.
table with ornate border
fotes
|
diam
|
pairt
|
15
|
6
|
5
|
20
|
6½
|
5½
|
30
|
7
|
6
|
40
|
7½
|
6½
|
50
|
8
|
7
|
60
|
8½
|
7½
|
70
|
9
|
8
|
80
|
9½
|
8½
|
90
|
10
|
9
|
100
|
10½
|
9½
|
110
|
11
|
10
|
VItruuius
,
in
his
third
booke
and
third
Chapiter
;
sainth
thus
if
Scapus
amounte
in
heighte
from
.15
.
fote
vnto
.20
.
the
Diameter
is
to
be
deuided
into
.6
.
partes
&
a
halfe
,
&
the
thicknes
of
the
pillor
vnder
the
Capitall
,
shal
be
.5
.
and
a
halfe
.
And
if
Scapus
,
Amounte
from
.20
.
vnto
.30
.
foote
then
shall
the
Diameter
be
deuided
into
.7
.
partes
,
wherof
.6
.
partes
shal
be
the
thicknes
of
the
pillor
vnder
the
Capitall
and
so
augmenting
and
diminishing
after
this
order
vntill
Scapus
,
if
it
were
possible
,
shoulde
amounte
to
the
number
of
110.
foote
whiche
is
the
ende
of
this
table
that
standeth
here
beside
wherin
ye
maye
perceiue
in
euery
.10
.
foote
increassinge
in
height
doth
shew
the
thicknes
of
Scapus
vnder
the
Capitall
,
so
that
the
110.
foote
in
height
of
Scapus
,
the
Diameter
to
be
deuided
into
.11
.
partes
,
then
shal
be
the
thicknes
of
Scapus
,
vnder
the
Capitall
.10
.
of
those
.11
.
partes
,
&
so
furth
if
nede
shall
require
.
¶
AN
OTHER
EXAMPLE
TO
BE
obserued
very
necessary
for
the
maister
builder
or
Architecte
that
is
for
the
inlarging
of
the
Epistilium
,
when
the
pillor
amounteth
to
certaine
heightes
.
table with ornate border
15
|
1/13
|
½
|
20
|
1/13
|
|
25
|
1/12
|
½
|
30
|
1/12
|
|
35
|
1/11
|
½
|
40
|
1/11
|
|
45
|
1/10
|
½
|
50
|
1/10
|
|
55
|
1/9
|
½
|
60
|
1/9
|
|
VItruuius
in
the
latter
ende
of
his
tird
boke
declaring
when
the
piller
that
is
to
saye
Base
Scapus
,
and
Capitall
amounteth
from
.15
foote
to
.20
.
fote
in
height
,
then
shal
the
height
of
the
wholle
pillor
be
deuided
into
.13
.
partes
,
on
such
a
part
shal
be
the
height
of
the
Epistilium
,
also
if
the
pillor
do
increase
from
20.
to
.25
fote
then
shall
the
piller
be
deuided
into
12.
partes
and
a
half
wherof
the
height
of
the
Epistilium
shall
occupie
one
suche
part
,
also
if
the
piller
surmount
from
.25
.
to
.30
.
the
height
of
the
pillor
must
be
deuided
into
.12
partes
wherof
the
height
of
the
Epistilium
,
shall
occupie
one
such
part
&
so
forth
as
the
colume
increaseth
in
height
so
increaseth
the
height
of
Epistilium
,
as
in
this
table
is
euidenly
discussed
the
encreasing
from
.15
.
to
.60
.
foote
increased
by
.5
at
ones
the
whiche
pillor
of
.60
.
foote
in
height
shal
be
deuided
into
.9
.
partes
,
where
of
the
Epistilium
occupieth
for
his
height
one
such
part
,
and
so
passing
forward
as
necessitie
shall
requyre
in
order
as
is
before
mencioned
.
Therbe
also
diuers
other
orders
of
measures
and
example
that
the
Antiques
alwayes
vsed
in
their
times
,
which
shoulde
be
to
tedious
for
the
hearer
,
and
to
long
for
the
Reader
,
hauing
no
figures
out
of
the
whiche
springeth
both
desire
and
also
encouragment
to
the
same
.
Thus
ending
this
treatie
of
the
Introduction
and
measures
of
these
forsayd
pillers
,
whiche
are
the
original
first
grounds
and
entring
into
this
noble
science
of
Architecture
,
practised
and
alowed
by
right
mighty
and
worthye
potentates
,
and
Emperours
for
perpetuall
memorye
of
their
victorious
and
triumphant
feates
,
the
Elegance
therof
,
of
all
antiquitie
hath
bene
and
yet
presentely
is
as
a
parfaicte
example
and
a
myrroure
to
behold
,
lerne
and
take
trewe
measures
,
aswell
to
all
suche
,
as
delight
in
durable
Edifices
and
buildinges
,
as
also
to
all
noble
parsonages
and
Architectures
,
whiche
do
or
shall
take
pleasure
to
erecte
&
builde
the
like
to
any
beawte
and
perfection
accordinge
to
the
deuise
and
myndes
of
the
forsaid
Authours
Vitruuius
,
and
Sebastianus
Serlius
,
to
whom
vndoubtedly
,
the
praise
and
commendation
is
chiefly
to
be
attrybuted
and
geu
n.
I
submyt
my
trauel
,
vnto
allother
that
in
any
parte
be
or
shal
be
of
more
parfaict
&
deper
learninge
,
knowledge
and
experience
,
and
of
like
well
wylling
affection
,
wherwthi
I
do
offer
this
my
poore
atemptes
and
smal
trauailes
.