The Captains charge . THE Captaines charge is to commaund all , and tell the Maister to what Port he will go , or to what height , In a fight he is to giue direction for the managing thereof , and the Maister is to see to the cunning the Ship , and trimming the sailes .

The Maister and his Mates . The Maister and his Mate is to direct the course , commaund all the Saylors , for steering , trimming and sayling the Ship , his Mates are onely his Seconds , allowed sometimes for the two Mid-ships men , that ought to take charge of the first prize .

The Pilot. The Pilot when they make land , doth take the charge of the Ship till he bring her to Harbour .

The Cape-merchant and Purser . The Cape merchant and Purser hath the charge of all the Caragasoune or Merchandize , and the Purser doth keepe an Account of all that is receiued and deliuered , but a Man of Warre hath onely a Purser .

The Gunner with his Mate , and quarter Gunner . The Maister Gunner hath the charge of the Ordinances , Shot , Powder , Match , Ladles , Spunges , Cartrages , Armes and Fire-workes , and the rest euery one to receiue his charge from him according to directions , and to giue an account of his store .

The Carpenter and his Mate . The Carpenter and his Mate is to haue the Nayles , Clinches , roue and clinch-nailes , spikes , plates , rudder-irons , called pintels and gudgions , pumpe-nailes , skupper-nailes and leather , sawes , files , hatchets and such like , and euer ready for calking , breaming , stopping leakes , fishing or spliceing the Masts or Yards , as occasion requireth , and to giue an account of his store .

The Beteswaine and his Mate . The Boteswaine is to haue the charge of all the Cordage , tackling , sailes , fids , and marling spikes , needles , twine , and saile-cloth , and rigging the shippe , his Mate the command of the long boate , for the setting forth of Anchors , waying and fetching home an Anchor , warping , towing , and moreing , and to giue an account of his store .

The Chyrurgion and his Mate . The Chirurgion is exempted from all duty but to attend the sicke , and cure the wounded , and good care Would be had , he haue a certificate from the Barber-surgions Hall of his sufficiency , and also that his Chest bee well furnished both for Physicke and Chyrurgery , and so neere as may bee proper for that clime you goe for , which neglect hath beene the losse of many a mans life .

The Marshall . The Marshall is to punish offendors , and to see Iustice executed according to directions , as ducking at Yards arme , hawling vnder the Keele , bound to the Capsterne , or maine Mast with a basket of shot about his necke , setting in the bilbowes , and to pay the Cobty or the Morryoune . But the Boyes , the Boteswaine is to see euery Munday at the chist to say their Compasse , which done , they are to haue a quarter can , and a bisket of bread .

The Corporal . The Corporall is to see the setting and releeuing the watch , and see all the souldiers and saylors keepe their Armes cleane , neate and yare , and teach them their vse .

The Steward and his Mate . The Steward is to deliuer out the victuall , according to the Captaines directions , and messe them 4 , 5 , or 6 , as there is occasion .

The quarter Maisters . The quarter Maisters hath the charge of the hold for stowage , rommageing , and trimming the shippe , and of their squadrons for their Watch , a Sayne , a Fisgigg , a Harping iron , Fish-hookes , for Porgos , Bonetos , or Dorados , &c. and rayling lines for Mackerell .

The Cowper and his Mate . The Cowper is to looke to the caske , hoopes and twigges , to staue or repaire the buckets , Baricoes , Cans , steepe-tubs , runlets , hogsheads , pipes , buts , &c. for wine , beere , syder , beuerage , fresh water , or any liquor .

The Coxeswaine and his Mate . The Coxswaine is to haue a choyce to attend the Skiffe to go to and againe as occasion commandeth .

The Cooke and his Mate . The Cooke is to dresse and deliuer out the Victuall , he hath his store of quarter cans , small cannes , platters , spoones , lanthornes , &c. and is to giue his account of the remainder .

Th 〈◊〉 . The Swabber is to wash and keepe cleane the ship and maps .

The Lyer . The Lyer is to holde his place but for a weeke , and hee that is first taken with a lye , euery Monday is so proclaimed at the maine Mast by a generall cry , A lyer , a lyer , a lyer , he is vnder the Swabber , and onely to keepe cleane the beake-head and chaines .

The Saylers . The Saylers are the antient men for hoysing the sailes , getting the tackes aboord , hawling the Bow-lines , and steering the ship .

The Yonkers . The Younkers are the yong men called Fore-mast men , to take in the Top-sayles , or Top and yeard , Furle , and Sling the maine Saile , Bousing or Trysing , and take their turne at Helme .

The Lieuetenant . The Lieuetenant is to associate the Captaine , and in his absence to execute his place , he is to see the Marshall and Corporall doe their duties , and assist them in instructing the Souldiers , and in a fight the Forecastle is his place , to make good , as the Captaine doth the halfe decke , and the quarter Maisters , and mid-ships men , but in the States men of Warre he is allowed as necessary as a Lieuetenant on shore .

How to deuide the Company . When you set sayle and put to sea , the Captaine is to call vp the company , and the one halfe to goe to the Starreboord , the other to the Larboord , as they are chosen , the Maister chusing first one , then his mate another , and so forward till they bee deuided in two parts , then each man is to chuse his Mate , Consort , or Comrado , then deuide them into squadrons according to your numbers and burthen of your ship : but care would be had , that there be not two Comorados vpon one watch , because they may haue the more roome in their Cabons to rest .

To giue a true Arithmeticall and Geometricall proportion for the building of ships , were they all built after one mould , as also of their Yeards , Masts , Cables , Cordage and Sayles , were all the stuffe of like goodnesse , a methodicall rule might bee Proiected , but it would bee too curious for this Discourse , and as much too troublesome either for the Reader or Author , but the principall names of the timbers about the building of a ship , according to his vnderstanding followeth , and how being framed they are fixed .

The Principall names of the timbers about the building a ship . First lay the Keele , the Stemme , and Starne , in a dry docke , or vppon the stockes , and binde them with good knees , then lay all the Flore timbers , and cut your Limber holes aboue the keele , to bring the water to the well for the pumpe . Next your Nauell timbers , and bind them all with sixe foote Skarfe at the least , the Garbell strake is the outside plancke next the keele , be sure you haue a good sufficient Kelson , and then plancke your outside and inside vp , with your Top timbers , but the lengthes , breadthes , depthes , rakes and burdens are so variable and different , that nothing but experience can possibly teach it .

Notes for a Couenant betweene the Carpenter and the Owner . A Shippe of 400 , Tunnes requires a planke of foure inches , 300. Tunnes three inch , small Ships two inch , but none lesse . For clamps , middle bands and sleepers , they be all of 6. inch planke for binding within . The rest for the sparring vp of the workes of square 3. inch planke ; Lay the beames of the Orlope , if the be 400. Tunnes at ten foote deepe in howle , and all the beames to be bound with two knees at each ende , and a stardard knee at euery beames end vpon the Orlope , all the Orlope to be layd with square three inch plancke , and all the planckes to be treenailed to the beames .

Sixe foote would bee betweene the beames of the Decke and Orlope , and ten ports on each side vpon the lower Orlope , all the binding betweene them should be with three inch , or two inch plancke , and the vpper Decke should be layd with so many beames as are fitting with knees to bind them ; laying that Decke with spruce deale of 30. foot long , the sap cut off , and two inches thicke , for it is better then any other .

Then for the Captaines Cabben or great Cabben , the stearage , the halfe Decke , the round house , the Fore-castle and to binde an ende with a Capsterne and all things fitting for the Sea , the Smiths worke , the caruing , ioyning , and painting excepted , are the principall things I remember to be obserued , for a Charter-party betwixt the Merchant , the Maister and the Owner , you haue Presidents of all sorts in most Scriueners shops .

Generall sea termes belonging to ships . A dry Docke , the stockes , the keele , the steme , the sterne , the starne-post , the flowre , the sleepers , rising timbers , garble strake , her rake , the fore reach , plankes , bindings , knees , boults , trunions , brasers , riders , the Orlope , the ports , the bend , the bowe , the hawse , the hawses , the decke , the partners , a flush decke , fore and aft , the ram heads , the Knights , a halfe decke , a quarter decke , the bulke , the bulkes head , the skuttle , the hatches , the hatches way , the holes in the commings , pitch , tarre , rosen , okum , calking . In the stearage roome , the whip , the bittakell , the trauas boord , the Compasse , the Fly , the needle , the lanthorne , the socket . About the Gun-roome , the Tiller , the rudder , the pintels , the gudgions , the bread-roome , the ships runne . The powder-roome , the Stewards roome , the cooke roome , the great cabbon , the gallery , a cabben , a hanging cabben , a Hamacke , the lockers , the round-house , the counter , the wayst , the wayst-boords , the gunwayle , stations for the nettings , a chaine through the stations , or breft-ropes .

What belongs to the Pumpe . The Pumpe , the pumpes well , the pumpes brake , the pumpes can , the pumpes chaine , the spindle , the boxe , the clap , the pumpe is choaked , the pumpe suckes , the ship is stanche .

What belongs to the fore castle . The forecastle , or prow , the beake-head , the bits , the fish-hooke , a loufe hooke , and the blot at the Dauids ende , the Cat , Cats head and Cats holes , the ships draught .

The Masts , Caps and Yeards . The boule spret , the pillow , the sturrop , the spret sayle , the spret sayle yeard , the spret sayle top mast ; the spret sayle top sayle yard , the foremast , the fore yard , the fore top , the fore top mast , the fore top sayle yard , the fore top gallant mast , the fore top gallant sayle yeard , coates and wouldings for all masts and yeards , Grummets and staples for all yeards . The trussell trees or crosse trees , the maine mast , the step in the kelson , where it puts its heele , as doth also the fore mast , the maine yard , the maine top , the maine top mast , the maine top sayle yeard , the top gallant mast , the maine top gallant sayle yeard , the truck , or flagge staffe . The misen , the misen yeard , the misen top mast , the misen top sayle yeard , in great ships they haue two misens , the latter is called the boneauentuer misen , then the poope , Lanthorne and flagge staffe : when a mast is borne by the boord , they make a Iury-mast , which is made with yards , rouftrees , or what they can , splised or fished together .

The capsterne and other generall phrases . The Capsterne , the pawle , the whelps , the capsterne bars , a Ieare capsterne is onely in great ships to hoyse their sayles , the can hookes , slings and parbunkels , ports and ringbolts and hooks , the skuppers , the skupper holes , the chaines , the steepe tubs , an entring ladder or cleats , a boy , a can boy , a ship cranke sided , Iron sicke , spewes her okum , a leake ship , the sheathing , furring , carrying , washing and breaming , lanching , caruing , guilding and painting a ship , ballast , kintlage , canting coynes , standing coynes , roufe trees , a grating , netting or false decke for your close fights .

The ropes names in a ship . The entring rope , the boate rope , the bucket rope , the boy rope , guest rope , the cat rope , the port ropes , the keele rope , the rudder rope , the top ropes , the bolt ropes , the brest ropes are now out of vse , the water line is .

Concerning the tackling and rigging a ship . The tacklings are the fore stay , the maine stay . The tackles , the mison stay , the collers , the maine shrouds and chaines , the maine top shroudes , the fore shroud , the fore top shroud , the swifters , the mison shroudes , the mison top shroudes , and their ratlings , and the parels to all masts , the maine hallyards , the maine top sayle hallyards , the top gallant saile halyards , the fore hallyards , the fore top sayle hallyard , the misen hallyard , and the spret sayle hallyeard , the horse , the maine sheats , the maine top sayle sheats , the maine braces , the maine top sayle braces , the maine bowling and bridles , the maine top sayle bowlin , the bunt lines , the trusses , the lifts , the earring , the cat harpings ; a Ieare , leatch lines ; the Robins , garnit , Clow garnits , tyes , martlits , the most of all these are also belonging to the fore-mast , misen and bowlespret , and hath the same denomination after their masts , only the boulespret hath no bowlines , and the misen sheats , are called the starne sheats , they haue all of them pullies , blockes , shiuers and dead mens eyes , Lanyeards , caskets and crowes feete . A snap blocke is seldom vsed but in heauing of goods and ordinances .

There is also diuerse other small cordage , as head lines , the knaulings gassits or furling lines , marlines , rop yearne , Caburne , Sinnet , paunches and such like .

The Cables , hawsers or streame cables , are most vsed in the water by the Anchors , when they are too short , they shoote one into another when they are galled or breake , they splice them , when that way vnseruiceable , they serue for Iunkes , fendors and braded plackets for brests of defence , and then as the rest of the ouerworne tackling : for rope yarne , caburne , sinnit an okum , sheeps feet is a stay in setling a top mast , and a guie in staying the tackles when they are charged with goods .

Tearmes for the Anchors . The Anchor hath a stocke , a ring , a shanke , a flouke , the greatest in euery ship is called the sheat Anchor , the rest Anchors , a streame Anchor , graplings or kedgers , bend your cables to your Anchors .

The names of the sailes . The maine sayle , the fore sayle called sometimes the fore course , the maine course or a paire of courses , each of them hath a bonnet and a drabler , the maine top sayle , the top gallant sayle , and in a faire gaile your studding sayles , then your mison , your misen top sayle , your spret sayle , and spret sayle top sayle , a drift sayle , a crosiack , a netting sayle , twyne , a munke seame , a round seame , a suite of sayles , a shift of sayles , top Armours , wayst clothes , pendants and colours .

The tearmes for the harbor A channell , a bay , a rode , a sound , an offen , a coue , a crike , a riuer , cleere ground , very fast ground , or good anchoring , foule ground , osie ground , sandy ground , clay ground , a headland ; a furland , a ketch ; a land marke .

For the wind● A calme , a brese , a fresh gaile , a pleasant gayle , a stiffe gayle , it ouerblowes , a gust , a storme , a spoute , a loumegaile , an eddy wind , a flake of wind , a Turnado , a mouthsoune , a Herycano .

Tearmes for the sea . A calme sea , becalmed , a rough sea , an ouergrowne sea , the rut of the sea , roaring of the sea , it flowes , quarter floud , high water , or a still water , a full sea , a spring tide , ebbe , a quarter ebbe , halfe ebbe , three quarters ebbe , a lowe water , a dead low water , a nepe tide , a shoule , a ledge of rockes , a breach , a shallow water , deepe water , soundings , fdome by the marke , 3 0 d. and a shaftment lest . 4 0 d. disimboage , a gulph , the froth of the sea .

●earmes for stearing . Starbord is the right hand , Larbord is the left , starboord the helme , right your helme a loufe , keepe your loufe , come no neere , keepefull , stidy , so you goe well , port , warre , no more ; beare vp the helme , goe roumy , beyare at the helme , a fresh man at the helme .

Tearmes of 〈◊〉 A sayle , how stands she , to wind ward or leyward , set him by the Compasse , he stands right a head ; or on the weather bow , or ley bow , out with all your sayles , a stydy man to the helme , sit close to keep her stydie . Giue chase or fetch him vp , he holds his owne , no we gather on him , out goeth his flag and pendance or streames , also his Colours , his wast-clothes and top armings , he furles and slings his maine saile , in goes his spret sayle and misen , he makes ready his close fights fore and after ; well , we shall reach him by and by . What is all ready ? Yea , yea . Euery man to his charge , Dowse your top sayle , salute him for the sea ; Hale him : whence your ship , of Spayne , whence is yours , of England , are you Merchants or Men of Warre , We are of the Sea . He wayses vs to leyward for the King of Spaine , and keepes his loufe . Giue him a chase peece , A broad side , and runne a head , make ready to tacke about , giue him your sterne peeces , be yare at helme , hale him with a noyse of Trumpets . We are shot through and through , and betweene winde and water , trye the pumpe . Maister let vs breathe and refresh a little , sling a man ouer-boord to stop the leake , done , done , is all ready againe , Yea , yea : beare vp close with him , with all your great and small shot charge him ; Boord him on his wether quarter , lash fast your graplins and sheare off , then runne stemlins the mid ships . Boord and boord , or thwart the hawse ; we are foule on each other : The ships on fire ; Cut any thing to get cleere , and smother the fire with wet clothes , We are cleere , and the fire is out , God be thanked . The day is spent , let vs consult . Surgion looke to the wounded , wind vp the slaine , with each a waight or bullet at his head and feete , giue three peeces for their funerals . Swabber make cleane the shippe . Purser record their names ; Watch bee vigilant to keepe your berth to windward : and that wee loose him not in the night . Gunners spunge your Ordinances ; Souldiers skower your peeces ; Carpenters about your leakes . Boteson and the rest , repaire the sayles and shroudes . Cooke see you obserue your directions against the morning watch . Boy , Holla Maister , Holla , Is the kettleboyled , yea , yea , Boteswaine , call vp the men to Prayer and Breakfast .