CERTAIN
Discourses
,
written
by
Sir
John
Smythe
,
Knight
:
Concerning
the
formes
and
effects
of
diuers
sorts
of
weapons
,
and
other
verie
important
matters
Militarie
,
greatlie
mistaken
by
diuers
of
our
men
of
warre
in
these
daies
;
and
chiefly
,
of
the
Mosquet
,
the
Caliuer
and
the
Long-bow
;
As
also
,
of
the
great
sufficiencie
,
excellencie
,
and
wonderful
effects
of
Archers
:
With
many
notable
examples
and
other
particularities
,
by
him
presented
to
the
Nobilitie
of
this
Realme
,
&
published
for
the
benefite
of
this
his
natiue
Countrie
of
England
.
AT
LONDON
,
Printed
by
Richard
Johnes
,
at
the
signe
of
the
Rose
and
Crowne
neere
Holburne
Bridge
.
1.
Maij.
1590.
SIR
IOHN
SMYTHE
his
Proëme
Dedicatorie
,
to
the
Nobilitie
of
the
Realme
of
England
.
RIght
Honorable
and
most
noble
Lordes
:
Euen
as
the
wisedome
and
humilitie
of
the
notable
men
of
later
ages
,
haue
giuen
greater
honor
to
the
excellencie
of
men
in
all
Artes
and
Sciences
of
former
ages
and
greater
antiquitie
,
than
to
themselues
;
not
onlie
acknowledging
themselues
to
be
inferiours
vnto
them
,
but
also
,
that
the
greatest
skil
and
knowledge
which
they
haue
attained
vnto
,
hath
(
in
the
greatest
part
)
proceeded
from
such
notable
men
,
either
by
hearing
and
obseruing
their
opinions
,
or
by
reading
of
their
works
,
or
els
by
reading
of
others
that
haue
written
of
the
iudgements
and
actions
of
such
excellent
men
:
Euen
so
,
the
vanitie
and
ouerweening
of
yong
men
,
and
chieflie
of
our
Nation
in
this
our
time
(
I
meane
within
these
twentie
yeares
)
haue
so
exceeded
and
superabounded
,
that
they
haue
not
been
ashamed
,
not
onlie
to
attribute
vnto
themselues
greater
wisedome
and
sufficiencie
in
all
Arts
and
Sciences
,
and
speciallie
in
the
Arte
Militarie
,
than
to
the
notable
men
and
great
Captaines
of
former
ages
and
greater
antiquitie
,
but
also
to
dishable
them
in
respect
of
themselues
and
their
sufficiencie
,
and
all
others
also
yet
liuing
,
that
are
men
of
greater
yeares
and
antiquitie
,
than
they
are
,
both
of
our
owne
Nation
,
as
also
forraine
,
that
haue
seene
and
serued
in
the
well
ordered
warres
of
Emperours
or
Kings
,
in
times
past
;
saying
,
(
to
make
the
same
more
probable
)
that
their
warres
are
now
growne
to
greater
perfection
,
and
greatlie
altered
from
the
warres
of
times
past
;
vnder
pretence
whereof
,
they
haue
of
late
sought
both
by
publique
and
priuate
perswasions
and
inducements
,
to
reduce
all
our
auncient
proceedings
in
matters
Militarie
,
which
they
are
vtterlie
ignorant
of
,
to
their
owne
errors
and
disorders
,
procuring
also
(
as
much
as
they
can
)
by
their
vaine
and
friuolous
obiections
against
our
Archerie
,
to
suppresse
and
extinguish
the
exercise
and
seruiceable
vse
of
Long-bowes
.
But
now
,
let
vs
come
to
consider
,
who
are
these
of
our
Nation
that
doo
attribute
vnto
themselues
greater
wisedome
and
sufficiencie
in
all
Arts
and
Sciences
,
and
especiallie
,
in
the
Art
Militarie
,
than
to
the
excellent
men
of
former
times
and
ages
,
and
to
the
auncient
experienced
men
yet
liuing
.
Are
they
newlie
fallen
from
heauen
with
some
diuine
instinct
and
gift
,
to
renewe
,
reforme
,
and
teach
vs
the
Arte
Militarie
?
No
,
no
such
matter
,
but
euen
such
as
we
knew
children
,
or
very
yong
men
within
these
twentie
yeares
.
What
then
?
are
they
Noblemen
themselues
by
title
,
or
descended
of
noble
and
excellent
fathers
,
or
themselues
of
great
sobrietie
,
continencie
and
worthines
of
mind
?
No
truelie
,
for
such
as
are
Noblemen
by
birth
,
or
descended
of
noble
fathers
,
or
themselues
worthie
,
doo
knowe
by
good
education
and
instruction
,
that
experience
is
the
mother
of
Science
,
and
therefore
,
will
not
neglect
nor
contemne
the
wisedome
and
sufficiencie
of
former
ages
,
nor
the
opinions
and
iudgements
of
the
auncient
and
experienced
men
of
this
time
;
but
will
(
with
humility
)
yeeld
themselues
to
heare
and
learne
by
their
experiences
.
What
then
?
are
they
endued
with
anie
such
rare
gifts
,
or
corporall
presences
,
wisedomes
and
vertues
,
as
I
haue
in
my
time
knowne
diuers
,
and
doo
yet
knowe
some
verie
fewe
yong
Gentlemen
endued
withall
,
that
therefore
we
may
admire
,
and
thinke
them
to
bee
extraordinarie
and
notable
men
?
No
in
troth
,
but
some
yong
,
and
some
now
growne
to
be
of
the
middle
age
,
all
which
,
are
but
after
the
common
sort
,
both
in
their
corporall
presences
,
and
in
their
wisedomes
and
vertues
,
vnlesse
(
peraduenture
)
somtimes
,
when
they
fall
into
argument
of
some
such
matters
,
that
they
would
seeme
to
haue
great
skil
of
,
then
indeed
,
they
shew
themselues
to
be
extraordinarie
:
for
in
steade
of
alleadging
reasons
and
examples
,
according
to
the
vse
of
other
Nations
,
with
quietnes
and
courteous
phrase
of
speach
,
they
argue
for
life
and
death
,
with
hastie
and
furious
wordes
,
as
though
there
were
no
more
in
the
experience
of
men
of
greater
yeares
,
but
that
which
they
say
:
which
in
the
opinions
of
all
men
of
any
iudgement
,
that
are
of
wise
and
braue
Nations
,
is
thought
more
meete
for
the
common
sort
of
such
as
are
chiding
women
,
than
for
men
that
do
professe
any
knowledge
in
Arts
&
Sciences
,
and
chiefly
Militarie
.
What
?
is
the
number
great
of
these
controllers
of
Antiquitie
in
matters
Militarie
,
that
are
infected
with
so
great
an
ouerweening
?
Certainely
,
no
,
the
number
of
the
chiefe
of
them
is
very
small
and
fewe
,
and
therfore
,
sauing
for
Arithmetikes
sake
,
not
woorthie
to
be
called
Number
.
And
those
that
are
possessed
with
this
ouerweening
,
are
such
as
do
presume
of
their
long
experience
in
such
warres
as
they
haue
serued
in
,
all
which
are
more
addicted
to
selfe-will
,
newe
fashions
and
fancies
,
than
to
any
reason
and
experience
Militarie
.
What
,
haue
they
no
imitators
?
Yes
,
many
,
that
are
abused
by
their
perswasions
:
but
yet
they
are
such
,
as
I
doo
thinke
may
bee
easily
perswaded
and
reduced
to
better
iudgement
vpon
sound
reasons
and
demonstrations
vnto
them
shewed
,
or
vpon
the
experience
of
some
newe
and
well
ordered
warres
.
But
now
,
I
pray
you
,
in
what
warres
of
Emperours
,
Kings
,
or
formed
Common
wealthes
haue
these
our
such
men
of
war
serued
,
and
learned
their
great
pretended
skill
and
sufficiencie
?
by
the
which
they
may
with
the
more
reason
and
experience
assume
vnto
themselues
,
to
condemne
the
ancient
orders
and
proceedings
Military
of
diuers
forren
warlike
Nations
,
as
also
of
our
most
valiant
and
wise
ancestors
;
or
the
experience
in
the
Art
Military
,
of
many
both
forren
as
also
of
some
auncient
men
,
yet
liuing
of
our
owne
Nation
,
in
respect
of
the
warres
that
they
haue
serued
in
;
and
therefore
,
that
vpon
their
greater
experience
and
iudgement
,
they
should
seeke
to
reduce
all
our
auncient
proceedings
and
orders
Militarie
,
to
their
owne
opinions
and
fancies
,
and
therewithall
,
to
procure
the
vtter
suppressing
and
extinguishing
of
our
auncient
and
peculiar
weapon
the
Long-bowe
?
Certainelie
,
all
men
knowe
,
that
the
chiefest
warres
that
they
euer
serued
in
,
where
they
haue
learned
anie
experience
,
hath
bene
in
the
disordered
and
tumultuarie
warres
of
the
Lowe
Countries
vnder
the
States
,
or
(
peraduenture
)
some
litle
diuers
yeres
past
,
in
the
intestine
&
licentious
warres
of
France
.
Well
,
if
it
be
so
(
without
any
further
question
)
I
doo
not
then
meruaile
,
that
they
doo
alleadge
to
set
foorth
and
beautifie
their
owne
sufficiencies
,
and
to
disable
all
others
both
auncient
and
moderne
,
that
haue
serued
in
the
well
ordered
wars
of
Emperours
or
Kings
,
that
their
wars
are
now
growen
to
greater
perfection
,
and
greatlie
altered
from
the
wars
of
times
past
,
in
the
which
I
do
concurre
with
them
,
and
the
rather
because
they
verifie
the
olde
Prouerb
,
which
is
,
That
such
as
were
neuer
but
in
Hell
,
doo
thinke
that
there
is
no
other
Heauen
.
For
true
it
is
,
that
the
ciuile
and
licentious
wars
of
France
,
and
the
tumultuarie
and
disordered
wars
of
the
Lowe
Countries
,
which
haue
beene
their
schooles
,
and
the
chiefe
warres
that
euer
they
sawe
,
haue
beene
altogether
without
anie
formed
Milicia
and
discipline
militarie
,
&
therfore
farre
different
from
the
well
ordered
wars
that
haue
bin
in
former
times
,
betwixt
Emperors
,
Kings
,
and
formed
common
wealthes
.
And
now
,
because
I
intend
in
this
Proëme
vnto
your
Lordships
,
as
brieflie
as
I
can
,
to
shewe
by
what
meanes
our
Nation
hath
verie
much
decaied
,
or
rather
forgotten
all
our
auncient
orders
and
exercises
Militarie
,
with
the
wonderfull
euills
that
haue
in
other
ages
,
and
do
now
(
through
long
peace
)
threaten
vs
againe
to
happen
,
as
also
that
it
hath
been
impossible
for
them
,
or
any
others
,
to
learne
any
Art
or
Science
Militarie
in
the
ciuill
warres
of
France
,
nor
in
the
disordered
warres
of
the
Lowe
Countries
vnder
the
States
,
but
rather
the
contrarie
,
that
is
,
disorder
and
confusion
.
I
therefore
will
first
make
manifest
by
diuers
examples
,
by
what
meanes
and
accidents
,
the
Art
and
Science
Militarie
hath
in
many
Empires
,
Kingdomes
and
Common
wealths
,
as
also
in
this
Kingdome
,
come
sometimes
,
to
be
vtterlie
forgotten
;
and
at
other
times
,
to
growe
to
great
disorder
and
confusion
:
and
so
finallie
,
that
it
is
most
euident
,
that
such
of
our
Nation
as
haue
seene
and
serued
in
no
other
wars
,
but
in
such
confused
and
disordered
wars
,
as
aforesaid
,
could
no
wayes
attaine
to
anie
such
vnderstanding
in
the
Art
and
discipline
militarie
,
that
they
may
be
anie
wayes
deemed
,
or
thought
worthie
to
controll
or
finde
fault
with
the
orders
and
proceedings
of
our
wise
and
worthie
auncestours
,
nor
of
the
olde
and
auncient
Noblemen
,
Gentlemen
and
Captains
yet
liuing
,
that
haue
bene
trained
vp
in
matters
of
armes
,
as
it
shall
euidently
appeare
by
a
fewe
of
their
infinite
vnsoldiorlike
proceedings
and
disorders
,
which
I
will
set
downe
in
the
end
of
this
Preface
.
I
thinke
it
is
euident
to
all
men
of
wisedome
and
discretion
,
that
haue
read
diuerse
notable
Histories
,
with
consideration
and
iudgement
,
as
also
that
haue
well
considered
of
this
our
age
,
that
there
are
two
thinges
of
all
others
that
are
the
greatest
enemies
to
the
Arte
and
science
Militarie
,
and
haue
been
the
occasion
of
the
great
decay
,
and
oftentimes
,
the
vtter
ruine
of
many
great
Empires
,
Kingdoms
&
Common
wealths
:
of
the
which
,
the
first
is
long
peace
,
which
ensuing
after
great
warres
to
diuers
Nations
that
haue
had
notable
Milicias
and
exercises
Militarie
in
great
perfection
,
they
by
enioying
long
peace
,
haue
so
much
giuen
themselues
to
couetousnes
,
effeminacies
and
superfluities
,
that
they
haue
either
in
a
great
part
,
or
els
vtterlie
forgotten
all
orders
and
exercises
Militarie
,
in
such
sort
,
that
when
they
haue
been
forced
to
enter
into
a
warre
defensiue
for
the
defence
of
their
Dominions
against
any
forraine
Nation
or
Nations
,
that
haue
had
a
puissant
and
formed
Milicia
,
they
haue
been
so
voide
of
the
orders
&
exercises
of
war
of
their
forefathers
,
that
either
they
haue
bin
conquered
by
their
enemies
inuading
,
or
at
least
,
haue
been
put
in
hazard
of
the
losse
of
their
estates
and
dominions
,
as
it
may
verie
well
appeare
by
the
Egyptians
,
who
being
one
of
the
first
Nations
of
the
world
,
that
had
the
Art
and
science
Militarie
in
great
perfection
,
by
the
which
they
●●tained
many
victories
and
conquests
.
And
thereby
finding
no
Nation
that
durst
assaile
them
,
they
did
after
by
enioying
long
peace
and
prosperitie
,
so
giue
themselues
to
their
delights
,
couetousnesse
and
effeminacies
,
neglecting
all
orders
and
exercises
Militarie
,
that
being
in
processe
of
time
,
and
in
diuerse
ages
assailed
and
inuaded
by
diuers
other
warlike
Nations
,
that
had
the
Arte
and
Science
Militarie
,
in
great
perfection
,
and
were
allured
thereunto
,
partly
by
the
wonderful
fertilitie
of
Aegypt
,
but
chiefly
,
because
the
Aegyptians
were
growen
effeminate
without
anie
orders
and
exercises
Militarie
,
they
came
to
be
by
them
subdued
and
conquered
,
and
euer
since
haue
liued
in
subiection
,
and
seruitude
to
diuers
other
Nations
.
The
Macedonians
and
Grecians
also
,
that
had
vnder
that
notable
conquerour
,
Alexander
the
great
,
and
other
notable
Princes
and
Captains
of
those
Nations
,
the
Arte
Militarie
in
great
perfection
,
whereby
they
atchieued
many
notable
victories
and
conquests
,
did
after
,
by
liuing
in
long
peace
,
accompanied
with
great
dissention
,
couetousnes
and
superfluities
,
so
forget
al
their
orders
and
exercises
Militarie
,
that
they
came
to
be
conquered
by
the
Romanes
:
and
of
late
yeares
by
their
like
negligence
in
matters
of
warre
,
were
vtterly
subdued
and
brought
into
seruitude
by
the
Turkes
.
The
Romanes
also
themselues
,
after
that
they
had
by
their
notable
milicia
,
atchieued
wonderfull
victories
and
conquests
,
through
the
peace
but
of
a
few
yeares
,
did
growe
so
to
decay
in
their
discipline
Militarie
,
that
Hanniball
that
notable
Captaine
of
Carthage
,
atchieuing
diuerse
victories
in
Spaine
against
the
Romanes
,
and
marching
with
his
army
through
France
,
and
passing
the
mountaines
of
the
Alpes
,
did
(
before
that
the
Romanes
could
renue
and
reduce
themselues
to
their
auncient
Milicia
)
inuade
Italie
,
and
woon
diuers
notable
battailes
,
and
killed
diuers
of
their
Consuls
and
their
whole
Armies
,
and
put
Rome
it selfe
in
great
feare
to
be
sacked
and
conquered
.
And
if
we
list
to
consider
of
our
owne
Countrie
and
Nation
in
diuers
ages
,
omitting
infinite
numbers
of
other
examples
of
greater
antiquitie
,
as
also
of
later
ages
;
we
may
see
,
that
our
auncestours
the
Saxons
,
that
conquered
and
expulsed
the
Britans
(
the
auncientest
inhabitants
of
this
Realme
)
by
reason
that
they
found
them
altogether
without
any
orders
and
exercises
Militarie
,
wholie
giuen
to
idlenes
,
vitiousnes
&
delights
,
the
same
Saxons
after
,
by
long
peace
with
forren
Nations
,
being
giuen
to
couetousnes
,
vice
,
and
superfluities
,
as
also
to
ciuile
dissention
amongst
themselues
at
home
,
did
so
confound
and
forget
their
Arte
and
Science
Militarie
,
by
the
which
they
in
former
times
had
bene
conquerours
,
that
they
themselues
came
after
to
be
conquered
by
the
Danes
,
and
shortly
after
by
the
Normans
.
All
which
examples
of
conquests
,
and
daungers
of
conquering
,
with
infinit
others
of
great
Empires
,
Kingdoms
and
Common
wealths
haue
proceeded
chiefly
through
the
negligence
of
their
Princes
,
Rulers
and
Magistrates
,
who
through
long
peace
,
and
ouermuch
securitie
,
did
gouerne
their
subiectes
onely
by
lawes
politike
,
neglecting
and
contemning
all
orders
and
exercises
Militarie
.
And
this
dooth
most
manifestly
appeare
by
many
notable
Histories
that
doo
containe
great
actions
.
The
second
cause
which
doth
confound
and
disorder
all
discipline
and
orders
Militarie
,
is
,
intestine
and
ciuile
warres
,
as
we
may
see
by
many
examples
,
of
the
which
for
breuities
sake
,
I
will
only
alleage
two
;
the
one
ancient
,
&
the
other
of
this
time
.
The
first
is
of
the
Arabians
,
which
nation
,
vnder
Mahomet
that
false
prophet
,
&
his
successors
,
Halifas
,
conquered
a
great
part
of
Europe
,
Affrike
and
Asia
,
&
were
(
so
long
as
they
had
but
one
supreme
Halifa
or
Prince
,
to
gouerne
the
Arabians
and
al
their
dominions
by
them
conquered
)
so
mighty
through
their
excellent
Milicia
,
that
no
forren
Nation
durst
assaile
them
.
But
after
,
by
their
long
liuing
in
peace
and
great
prosperitie
;
in
the
end
,
through
the
viciousnes
and
insufficiencie
of
one
of
their
supreme
Halifas
,
that
at
that
time
raigned
ouer
them
,
fell
into
reuolt
and
intestine
wars
amongst
themselues
,
striuing
for
the
supreme
throne
and
gouernement
;
in
such
sort
,
that
in
few
yeres
,
they
did
so
corrupt
and
confound
their
ancient
discipline
Militarie
,
&
so
weaken
themselues
by
many
confused
battels
,
sackings
and
spoiles
;
and
by
diuiding
their
great
Empire
into
diuers
partes
,
vnder
diuers
Halifas
,
that
the
Turkes
(
a
new
Nation
,
who
had
an
excellent
Milicia
)
did
inuade
their
dominions
,
and
within
few
yeares
brought
them
into
subiection
to
the
Turkie
Empire
.
Now
the
other
example
,
which
is
of
our
time
,
is
Fraunce
,
which
kingdome
(
vntill
Lewes
the
eleuenth
did
serue
himselfe
with
mercinaries
)
had
a
well
ordered
Milicia
,
offensiue
and
defensiue
,
and
that
chiefly
on
horsebacke
,
and
yet
diuers
yeares
had
some
reliques
and
remnants
of
the
same
;
but
nowe
in
this
later
time
,
the
French
Nation
,
hauing
continued
seauen
or
eight
and
twenty
yeares
in
ciuile
warres
amongest
themselues
,
they
haue
so
corrupted
and
confounded
all
their
ancient
orders
and
proceedings
in
matters
Militarie
,
that
they
haue
at
this
present
,
no
shew
,
token
,
nor
mention
of
the
same
,
but
disorder
,
disobedience
and
confusion
;
which
hath
proceeded
of
the
like
causes
that
brought
the
Arabians
and
many
other
Nations
(
through
intestine
warres
)
to
corrupt
and
confound
their
Arte
and
Science
Militarie
,
as
it
shall
more
particularly
appeare
by
that
which
followeth
.
I
think
all
men
of
experience
&
iudgement
in
matters
of
warre
,
do
know
,
that
the
first
&
principall
thing
that
is
requisite
to
assemble
and
forme
an
armie
,
or
armies
,
and
to
keepe
the
same
in
obedience
with
good
effect
,
is
treasure
,
to
maintaine
pay
and
reward
,
with
seuere
execution
of
excellent
Lawes
Militarie
.
Which
,
what
Prince
soeuer
he
be
that
hath
,
with
sufficient
Generals
,
&
other
Officers
,
to
commaund
and
gouerne
,
may
very
well
haue
a
well
ordered
Milicia
;
by
reason
that
no
souldiours
well
payd
,
and
chiefly
being
subiects
to
the
Prince
that
they
serue
,
can
vse
any
excuses
not
to
obserue
all
lawes
and
orders
Militarie
,
of
Sea
or
Land
,
Towne
,
Campe
or
Field
.
Besides
that
,
vpon
any
transgression
of
orders
,
it
is
lawfull
for
the
Captains
and
higher
Officers
,
to
correct
,
reforme
and
punish
,
according
to
the
lawes
and
ordinances
Militarie
:
from
whence
it
commeth
to
passe
,
that
euen
as
the
Citizens
of
a
wel
ordered
Citie
,
through
the
execution
of
good
lawes
,
ciuil
and
criminall
,
by
excellent
gouernors
,
doo
liue
in
great
order
,
quietnes
and
prosperitie
,
without
any
ciuile
dissention
:
Euen
so
,
an
Armie
in
the
field
,
being
well
payed
,
prouided
for
and
gouerned
,
doo
liue
as
orderly
in
towne
,
campe
and
field
,
without
robbing
,
spoiling
,
or
otherwise
iniuring
any
other
,
but
the
common
enemie
.
Now
to
maintaine
,
and
continue
the
same
,
it
dooth
behoue
a
King
in
his
kingdome
,
and
chieflie
in
the
bodie
of
the
same
to
be
well
obeyed
;
that
by
the
quiet
obedience
of
his
subiects
,
he
may
receiue
all
his
customes
,
rents
and
reuenewes
,
with
all
other
subsidies
and
aides
,
that
of
antiquitie
his
progenitors
haue
accustomed
to
receiue
;
with
newe
supplies
of
men
and
munitions
from
time
to
time
to
ranforce
his
Armie
or
Armies
.
All
which
,
the
French
Kings
(
through
their
subiects
so
often
taking
Armes
,
and
such
intestine
warres
so
manie
yeares
)
haue
so
come
to
want
,
that
they
haue
not
had
anie
meanes
possible
to
maintaine
any
other
but
a
deformed
and
disordered
Milicia
;
by
reason
that
the
Nobilitie
and
Princes
of
the
bloud
,
vppon
diuers
legitimate
causes
by
them
pretended
,
with
their
friends
and
followers
,
taking
Armes
against
them
,
a
great
part
of
the
reuenewe
of
the
Crowne
,
with
all
other
customes
,
subsidies
and
aides
,
haue
in
diuers
Cities
,
Townes
and
Prouinces
,
come
to
cease
,
and
the
same
to
be
enioyed
by
the
Kings
enemies
armed
:
by
meanes
whereof
the
French
Kings
,
that
haue
liued
in
the
times
of
these
intestine
warres
,
haue
not
had
treasure
to
pay
their
Armies
,
whereby
to
keepe
their
men
of
warre
in
any
discipline
;
Besides
that
,
by
those
continuall
dissentions
,
they
haue
lackt
a
great
part
of
their
Nobilitie
and
subiects
,
to
ranforce
their
Armies
.
The
Nobilitie
also
,
and
Princes
of
the
bloud
,
that
haue
continued
in
Armes
against
their
Kings
(
notwithstanding
their
vsurped
reuenewe
and
treasure
of
the
Crowne
)
haue
beene
as
little
,
or
lesse
able
to
pay
their
men
of
warre
;
so
that
,
all
the
intestine
and
ciuill
warres
,
that
haue
continued
so
manie
yeares
in
France
,
with
the
slaughter
and
destruction
of
such
infinite
numbers
of
all
sorts
of
people
,
haue
beene
maintained
and
continued
tumultuaritie
,
more
by
spoyle
,
sedition
,
passion
and
faction
;
than
by
any
pay
,
order
,
and
discipline
Militarie
.
Whereof
it
hath
come
to
passe
,
that
such
Armies
as
haue
serued
vnder
the
French
Kings
,
or
vnder
the
Nobilitie
,
that
haue
continued
in
armes
against
them
,
(
how
good
Officers
&
gouernors
soeuer
they
had
)
could
not
haue
any
certen
nor
ordered
Milicia
;
by
reason
,
that
through
the
lacke
of
certaine
pay
,
and
no
hope
of
reward
for
extraordinary
deserts
,
it
hath
come
to
passe
,
that
the
souldiors
thereby
being
made
voluntary
,
haue
obeyed
their
Captaines
no
otherwise
than
hath
pleased
themselues
,
altering
and
changing
their
weapons
,
as
also
themselues
out
of
one
band
into
an
other
,
and
sometimes
horsemen
to
become
footemen
,
and
footemen
to
become
horsemen
;
besides
their
forraging
and
stragling
from
their
Ensignes
without
order
;
as
also
their
negligence
and
lacke
of
vigilancie
in
their
watches
,
bodies
of
watches
and
centinels
,
and
by
disordering
themselues
vpon
euery
light
occasion
both
in
battallion
,
squadron
and
troupe
.
Captaines
also
,
haue
oftetimes
formed
,
or
rather
deformed
their
bands
,
both
on
horsebacke
and
on
foote
,
with
armors
and
weapons
,
new
inuented
by
themselues
,
without
controlment
,
different
from
all
orders
Militarie
.
The
Generals
,
and
whole
armies
also
,
both
of
the
one
side
and
of
the
other
haue
very
seldome
,
or
neuer
,
according
to
the
Arte
Militarie
,
lodged
themselues
in
any
campe
formed
,
but
dispersed
and
scattered
by
bands
in
many
Townes
and
Villages
with
great
disorder
.
Besides
that
,
both
Captaines
,
Souldiors
and
all
other
men
of
warre
,
for
lacke
of
ordinary
pay
,
haue
liued
a
great
deale
more
vpon
the
spoile
,
and
misusing
of
the
common
people
,
their
fellow-subiects
and
friends
,
than
vpon
any
spoile
,
or
annoying
of
the
enemy
armed
:
through
which
great
disorders
and
lack
of
pietie
,
contrary
to
all
diuine
&
humane
lawes
,
it
hath
come
to
passe
,
that
such
Officers
,
Captains
and
Souldiours
that
haue
serued
any
long
time
in
such
licentious
and
tumultuarie
wars
(
be
they
subiects
or
mercenaries
)
can
very
hardly
after
be
reformed
and
reduced
to
containe
themselues
,
and
liue
vnder
any
discipline
Military
,
where
Iustice
without
fauour
is
executed
,
because
they
neuer
before
liued
vnder
any
seuerity
of
lawes
Martiall
;
but
haue
spent
their
times
,
&
learned
their
chiefe
soldiorie
,
in
such
disordered
&
licentious
wars
,
where
in
respect
of
spoile
and
gaine
,
they
haue
accounted
and
holden
both
friends
&
enemies
al
in
one
reckoning
and
degree
.
Now
the
ciuil
wars
of
France
hauing
growen
to
be
so
disordered
,
&
without
any
discipline
through
their
intestine
dissentions
(
as
I
haue
before
mentioned
)
with
many
other
disorders
,
a
great
deale
more
orderlie
,
and
particularlie
set
downe
by
that
braue
soldier
,
Monsieur
de
la
Noüe
in
his
discourses
:
how
farre
of
further
,
then
is
it
euident
,
that
the
tumultuarie
,
&
confused
warres
of
the
Lowe
Countries
haue
been
from
all
order
&
discipline
Militarie
,
where
both
mercenaries
and
subiects
,
haue
serued
vnder
subiects
,
called
by
the
title
of
States
?
which
gouernment
hath
been
popular
,
and
consisted
of
sundrie
heads
,
and
of
those
verie
fewe
Noble
;
but
Merchants
,
Citizens
and
Burghers
;
whose
pay
as
it
was
manie
yeares
to
the
English
,
French
and
other
mercenaries
more
by
words
and
promises
,
than
by
any
good
performance
:
so
the
seruices
of
such
hirelings
,
were
as
disordred
,
and
voide
of
all
discipline
Militarie
;
as
it
hath
most
manifestlie
appeared
by
their
proceedings
and
actions
;
some
part
of
the
which
,
(
by
the
helpe
of
almightie
God
)
I
will
set
downe
,
that
thereby
it
may
be
apparantlie
discouered
,
what
kind
of
men
of
warre
those
disordred
warres
of
the
Lowe
Countries
haue
bred
and
brought
forth
,
and
of
what
experience
and
sufficiencie
,
they
may
bee
esteemed
to
be
,
that
doo
with
such
an
ouerweening
disesteeme
,
and
condemne
the
great
Captaines
of
times
past
,
as
also
the
old
men
of
warre
of
diuers
Nations
yet
liuing
,
in
respect
of
themselues
;
saying
further
,
that
their
warres
of
the
Low
Countries
doo
farre
exceed
and
excell
the
warres
of
times
past
in
all
perfection
.
And
therefore
,
I
will
set
downe
and
compare
part
of
the
opinions
,
proceedings
and
orders
Militarie
,
of
the
great
Captaines
and
men
of
warre
,
both
auncient
and
moderne
;
with
the
straunge
opinions
,
newe
kinds
of
Milicias
(
or
rather
Malicias
,
and
disorderlie
proceedings
of
our
such
men
of
warre
.
And
in
al
those
things
which
I
in
this
Proëme
will
mention
concerning
them
and
their
wonderfull
errors
and
disorders
Militarie
,
I
will
not
set
downe
anie
thing
of
mine
owne
knowledge
,
nor
inuented
,
nor
deuised
by
me
,
but
a
verie
few
of
the
smallest
of
an
infinite
number
of
their
disorderlie
proceedings
,
contrarie
to
all
pietie
,
and
discipline
Militarie
,
which
I
haue
heard
manie
,
&
manie
times
publikelie
reported
by
manie
valiant
Gentlemen
of
our
Nation
,
that
haue
detested
the
same
;
diuers
of
the
which
are
of
verie
good
houses
,
and
not
anie
one
of
them
but
that
hath
serued
in
those
warres
,
some
of
them
fifteene
or
sixteene
yeares
past
,
in
the
time
of
the
Commendator
major
Requesenes
,
others
of
them
a
dozen
yeares
past
in
the
time
of
Don
Iuan
de
Austria
,
and
others
at
the
Earle
of
Leicesters
going
ouer
,
and
also
before
.
All
which
Gentlemen
hauing
been
eye
witnesses
of
those
wonderfull
disorders
(
which
haue
redownded
to
the
consumption
and
losse
of
many
thousands
of
yong
Gentlemen
,
Yeomen
,
and
Yeomen
sonnes
,
and
others
of
the
most
dispost
and
lustie
sort
of
people
of
our
Nation
)
haue
mooued
me
(
not
vpon
any
hate
,
I
protest
,
that
I
beare
vnto
any
of
them
in
respect
of
my selfe
,
but
onlie
for
the
great
loue
that
I
beare
to
my
Prince
,
Countrie
and
Nation
)
to
commit
those
things
with
great
blame
of
writing
,
to
the
intent
that
hereafter
the
same
may
be
some
kind
of
terror
to
all
others
to
take
such
barbarous
and
base
proceedings
in
hand
.
And
therefore
will
proceed
to
the
matter
.
First
,
it
is
very
well
knowne
to
all
men
of
experience
and
iudgement
in
matters
of
Armes
,
that
all
such
great
Captaines
as
haue
been
Lieutenants
generalls
to
Emperours
,
Kings
,
or
formed
Common
wealths
,
or
that
with
regiments
of
their
owne
Nation
haue
serued
forraine
Princes
,
as
mercenaries
(
knowing
that
Iustice
is
the
Prince
of
all
order
and
gouernment
both
in
warre
and
peace
,
by
the
which
God
is
honoured
and
serued
,
and
Magistrates
and
Officers
obeyed
)
haue
at
the
first
forming
of
their
Armies
or
such
Regiments
,
by
great
aduise
of
Counsell
established
sundrie
lawes
both
Politique
and
Martiall
,
with
Officers
for
the
superintending
and
due
execution
of
the
same
,
which
haue
been
notified
to
all
their
men
of
warre
,
as
also
at
euerie
incamping
or
lodging
haue
been
set
,
written
or
printed
in
certaine
tables
in
conuenient
places
for
all
soldiers
and
men
of
warre
to
behold
,
to
the
intent
that
none
might
transgresse
through
ignorance
:
All
which
by
some
of
the
chiefe
of
our
such
mercenarie
men
of
warre
haue
been
so
vtterly
contemned
,
or
by
them
not
vnderstood
,
that
they
neuer
vsed
anie
such
matter
,
but
in
stead
of
the
same
,
haue
onlie
set
downe
a
verie
few
written
lawes
,
altogether
cunningly
and
artificiallie
,
tending
to
terrifie
their
soldiers
from
demanding
of
their
paies
due
;
as
also
from
complaining
of
the
misusages
of
their
Captaines
and
higher
Officers
:
but
to
terrifie
them
from
spoyling
,
robbing
,
and
taking
by
force
from
the
common
countrie
people
their
friends
,
with
many
other
great
offences
,
there
was
no
prohibition
,
nor
penaltie
of
lawes
set
downe
;
they
often
terming
those
to
be
best
soldiers
that
could
liue
without
pay
,
by
stealing
and
spoyling
most
;
saying
further
,
that
to
forme
and
establish
many
lawes
politique
and
Martiall
,
it
was
the
manner
of
old
dunsicall
Captaines
in
times
past
,
who
did
not
vnderstand
their
excellent
discipline
of
this
time
,
and
that
all
lawes
of
Towne
,
Campe
and
Field
should
bee
in
the
wisedome
and
discretion
of
the
Generall
;
which
their
grosse
and
ignorant
conceites
,
through
their
lacke
of
iustice
,
cost
the
liues
of
a
great
sort
of
braue
men
;
for
in
stead
of
proceeding
orderlie
vppon
lawes
Militarie
established
(
as
aforesaid
)
they
proceeded
according
to
such
lawes
as
they
conceiued
in
their
owne
simple
braines
.
Whereof
it
hath
come
to
passe
,
that
manie
of
honest
parentage
haue
been
condemned
to
death
vpon
diuers
offences
,
that
the
transgressors
themselues
haue
not
knowne
to
be
transgressions
of
death
,
and
others
that
haue
committed
as
great
,
or
greater
offences
,
haue
escaped
with
verie
little
or
no
punishment
at
all
.
Also
,
whereas
in
all
ages
and
times
,
all
Emperours
,
Kings
,
and
formed
Common
wealthes
,
that
haue
employed
their
Generalls
with
Armies
either
in
warres
offensiue
or
defensiue
,
haue
established
a
Counsell
of
men
of
great
sufficiencie
both
in
warre
and
peace
to
assist
their
Generalls
;
of
the
which
some
of
the
chiefe
Officers
of
the
Armie
,
by
the
right
and
due
of
their
Offices
,
were
alwaies
of
the
same
counsell
,
as
also
some
others
,
according
to
the
choise
and
liking
of
such
Princes
;
and
this
,
to
the
intent
that
their
Generalls
in
all
important
matters
should
consult
with
them
:
The
conclusion
,
and
resolution
of
such
consultations
notwithstanding
to
remaine
in
the
wisedome
,
iudgement
and
valour
of
the
Generalls
.
And
that
likewise
it
hath
bin
alwaies
the
vse
of
all
mercenarie
Coronels
both
Almanes
and
Italians
,
that
haue
been
hired
into
the
seruices
of
forraine
Princes
vpon
all
important
occasions
to
consult
with
their
Sergeants
Maiors
,
and
certeine
other
Captaines
and
Officers
for
the
well
ordring
and
gouerning
of
their
Regiments
.
Euen
so
contrariwise
,
some
of
our
chiefe
men
of
warre
that
haue
had
great
charges
in
the
Lowe
Countrie
warres
,
haue
not
onelie
contemned
and
disdained
to
haue
anie
counsell
about
them
,
or
to
take
counsell
of
some
of
their
Captaines
and
other
Officers
,
but
haue
also
spoken
to
the
blame
and
reproach
of
some
notable
and
very
sufficient
Generalls
of
this
time
,
because
they
haue
vsed
in
all
important
matters
to
consult
with
their
Counsellors
,
saying
,
that
they
were
therefore
verie
simple
men
,
and
that
they
were
able
to
doo
nothing
of
themselues
,
but
onlie
by
the
aduise
of
Counsell
.
By
the
which
,
our
such
men
of
warre
haue
not
onelie
shewed
a
wonderfull
ouerweening
,
and
lacke
of
discretion
in
those
their
vaine
and
fond
opinions
;
but
also
haue
in
the
gouernment
of
their
charges
(
which
was
altogether
of
their
owne
heads
)
shewed
themselues
as
fond
and
voide
of
all
reason
and
order
Militarie
.
Also
,
whereas
all
wise
and
sufficient
Generalls
and
Coronels
haue
alwaies
had
speciall
regard
,
when
the
Enemie
hath
not
been
neere
at
hand
;
that
their
Sergeants
Maiors
,
Captaines
,
&
other
Officers
,
should
oftentimes
in
the
field
reduce
their
bands
&
regiments
into
diuers
formes
,
and
to
teach
their
soldiers
all
orders
Militarie
,
with
the
vse
of
their
weapons
in
euerie
degree
,
time
and
place
,
as
also
how
to
lodge
in
their
quarters
orderlie
,
and
therewithall
to
vnderstand
the
orders
of
watches
,
bodies
of
watches
,
centinells
,
rounds
,
and
counterrounds
,
with
many
other
matters
Militarie
,
whereby
they
might
be
made
prompt
and
readie
to
encounter
with
the
Enemie
:
so
contrariwise
,
our
such
men
of
warre
in
the
Lowe
Countries
did
very
seldome
,
or
rather
neuer
instruct
nor
teach
their
soldiers
any
such
matter
,
whereby
it
hath
come
to
passe
,
that
their
old
soldiers
Piquers
with
their
piques
,
Harquebuziers
and
Mosquettiers
with
their
weapons
of
fire
,
haue
in
certaine
trainings
here
in
England
shewed
and
vsed
such
Matiches
,
as
they
haue
giuen
occasion
to
bee
scorned
and
laughed
at
,
by
such
old
Captaines
of
experience
as
haue
seene
their
doings
.
And
whereas
also
all
men
of
warre
in
times
past
haue
had
speciall
care
that
all
their
soldiers
should
be
fitlie
apparelled
and
armed
,
according
to
the
different
weapons
that
all
sorts
of
their
soldiers
did
vse
,
and
that
they
should
not
lacke
any
of
their
weapons
,
nor
any
part
or
peece
of
their
armours
,
but
that
the
same
should
be
by
them
fitlie
and
aptlie
worne
,
and
from
time
to
time
kept
cleane
and
neate
:
So
contrariwise
,
some
of
our
such
men
of
warre
haue
holden
these
matters
for
such
trifles
,
that
they
haue
had
so
little
care
thereof
,
that
they
haue
been
contented
to
suffer
their
soldiers
to
goe
euill
weaponed
,
and
worse
armed
,
and
many
of
them
without
any
kind
of
armour
at
all
,
and
in
their
apparell
all
to
be
totterd
and
torne
,
and
some
of
them
bare
legged
,
or
bare
footed
like
roges
:
a
thing
neuer
before
heard
off
in
any
age
,
that
men
of
warre
,
and
chieflie
the
English
nation
,
going
to
the
aide
of
a
forraine
Nation
,
and
the
countrie
and
people
wonderfull
rich
and
plentifull
in
all
abundance
,
and
their
Captaines
themselues
verie
gallant
in
apparell
,
and
their
purses
full
of
gold
;
that
their
soldiers
should
be
in
such
poore
and
miserable
estate
.
Also
,
whereas
it
hath
been
the
vse
of
all
great
Captaines
and
Chieftaines
,
vpon
anie
long
march
&
enterprise
intended
,
with
all
foresight
&
prouidence
to
prouide
plentie
of
victuall
,
and
all
other
things
necessarie
for
the
sustenance
of
all
their
soldiers
,
euen
to
the
meanest
&
least
of
accompt
;
as
also
of
great
store
and
plentie
of
powder
&
shot
,
with
some
ouerplus
of
weapons
of
diuers
sorts
for
al
accidents
&
employments
,
with
al
other
things
requisite
:
So
some
of
our
such
men
of
warre
vpon
their
occasions
of
marches
and
enterprises
,
haue
prouided
plentie
of
victuall
onlie
for
themselues
and
their
followers
,
suffering
their
bands
&
regiments
to
straggle
,
&
spoyle
the
people
of
the
Countrie
oftentimes
to
their
owne
mischiefe
,
&
in
the
rest
to
take
their
aduentures
,
and
sometimes
to
starue
,
or
at
least
to
be
driuen
to
great
extremitie
of
hunger
.
Besides
that
,
for
powder
,
shot
,
and
ouerplus
of
weapons
,
they
haue
prouided
no
more
than
that
which
their
soldiers
haue
carried
about
them
,
which
haue
been
with
great
scarcitie
;
which
doth
argue
their
small
care
of
the
health
&
safetie
of
their
soldiers
,
&
their
little
intention
to
doo
any
great
hurt
to
the
enemie
,
and
therewithall
a
great
ignorance
in
the
Art
and
Science
Militarie
.
And
whereas
also
in
all
well
ordered
Milicias
,
the
commendation
and
sufficiencie
of
all
Generalls
,
Coronells
,
Captaines
and
other
Officers
,
hath
consisted
in
knowing
how
to
command
,
gouerne
,
and
order
their
Armies
,
Regiments
,
bands
and
companies
,
and
to
winne
the
loue
of
their
soldiers
by
taking
great
care
of
their
healths
and
safeties
,
as
also
by
all
examples
of
vertue
and
worthines
,
not
onlie
by
instruction
,
but
also
by
action
in
their
owne
persons
,
venturing
their
liues
in
all
actions
against
the
enemie
amongst
them
,
and
therewithall
accompting
of
them
in
sicknes
and
health
,
or
wounds
receiued
,
as
of
their
owne
children
;
and
that
all
Coronells
and
Captaines
of
horsemen
,
according
to
all
discipline
,
haue
vsed
to
serue
amongst
their
horsemen
on
horsebacke
,
and
that
all
Coronells
and
Captaines
of
footmen
,
yea
euen
the
verie
Lieutenants
generalls
,
and
Kings
themselues
(
if
their
Armies
and
forces
of
the
field
haue
consisted
more
of
footmen
than
of
horsemen
)
haue
alwaies
vsed
by
all
discipline
Militarie
,
vppon
the
occasion
of
anie
battaile
,
to
put
their
horses
from
them
,
and
to
serue
on
foote
,
and
to
venter
their
liues
in
the
former
rankes
.
Euen
so
contrariwise
,
the
new
discipline
of
some
of
our
chiefe
men
of
warre
of
the
Lowe
Countries
hath
been
,
neuer
to
winne
nor
procure
the
loue
of
their
soldiers
by
anie
affabilitie
or
fauour
shewed
vnto
them
,
nor
yet
by
anie
care
taking
for
their
healthes
and
safeties
,
and
vpon
anie
accidents
of
sicknes
,
or
wounds
receiued
,
they
haue
presentlie
disesteemed
them
,
as
base
and
vile
creatures
,
neuer
comming
amongst
them
neither
in
sicknes
nor
health
,
but
onlie
vppon
occasion
of
seruice
:
and
for
anie
instruction
or
examples
of
vertue
and
worthines
in
the
actions
of
their
owne
persons
to
be
shewed
amongst
their
soldiers
,
it
hath
not
been
their
delight
nor
profession
;
and
for
them
to
haue
imitated
the
great
and
famous
Captaines
of
al
other
times
,
both
ancient
and
moderne
,
in
venturing
their
liues
amongst
their
soldiers
(
as
aforesaid
)
according
to
their
Milicia
,
that
hath
consisted
more
of
footmen
than
of
horsemen
,
it
hath
been
contrarie
to
their
newe
discipline
,
which
hath
not
permitted
that
they
should
learne
anie
thing
of
anie
great
Captaines
,
but
onelie
of
themselues
:
whereof
it
hath
come
to
passe
,
that
some
of
our
such
chiefe
men
of
warre
in
the
Low
Countries
,
whose
strength
in
the
field
hath
consisted
of
farre
greater
numbers
and
forces
of
footmen
than
horsemen
,
and
that
some
other
ordinarie
Captaines
also
,
whose
charges
haue
consisted
onlie
of
footmen
,
haue
(
presentlie
vpon
their
squadrons
formed
,
and
approach
or
sight
of
the
Enemie
)
mounted
vppon
horses
of
swift
Carrires
,
and
either
haue
accompanied
their
footmen
vpon
the
flankes
or
rereward
,
being
so
well
mounted
,
or
els
haue
put
themselues
into
some
bands
of
horsmen
;
as
though
it
were
against
their
reputation
to
serue
on
foote
amongst
their
soldiers
;
or
rather
(
as
it
may
be
thought
)
that
vppon
anie
hard
accident
they
might
be
readie
(
leauing
their
soldiers
to
the
slaughter
)
to
saue
themselues
rather
with
the
force
of
their
heeles
and
spurres
,
than
with
any
of
sword
,
which
amongst
manie
other
,
hath
been
one
special
cause
that
there
haue
been
so
great
numbers
of
soldiers
at
diuers
times
consumed
and
slaine
,
and
neuer
anie
Chieftaine
,
nor
any
other
of
our
such
men
of
warre
.
Which
their
newe
discipline
is
such
a
mockerie
,
and
so
contrarie
to
all
order
Militarie
,
as
that
such
are
not
to
bee
accoumpted
worthie
to
take
the
charge
of
men
,
nor
yet
to
bee
reckoned
amongst
the
number
of
soldiers
.
And
whereas
also
all
great
Captaines
,
Chieftaines
,
and
men
of
charge
haue
holden
for
a
Maxime
,
to
preserue
by
all
meanes
possible
the
liues
of
their
soldiers
,
and
not
to
employ
and
hazard
them
vppon
euerie
light
occasion
,
and
therewithall
to
esteeme
the
preseruation
of
the
liues
of
a
verie
fewe
of
their
soldiers
,
before
the
killing
of
great
numbers
of
their
enemies
:
Euen
so
contrariwise
,
the
new
discipline
of
some
of
our
men
of
warre
in
the
Lowe
Countries
,
hath
been
,
to
send
,
and
employe
their
soldiers
into
manie
daungerous
and
vaine
exploites
and
seruices
,
without
any
reason
Militarie
,
hauing
sure
regard
to
their
owne
safeties
;
as
though
they
desired
and
hoped
to
haue
more
gaine
and
profite
by
the
dead
paies
of
their
soldiers
slaine
,
than
encrease
of
reputation
by
the
atchieuing
and
preuailing
in
anie
such
enterprises
.
Besides
that
,
it
hath
been
sometimes
a
practise
by
some
of
our
such
men
of
warre
,
when
they
haue
borne
anie
hatred
or
malice
to
such
as
haue
serued
vnder
them
,
to
deuise
some
dangerous
enterprise
of
purpose
to
employ
them
in
,
from
whence
they
might
hardly
escape
with
their
liues
,
to
the
intent
that
they
might
hit
two
markes
at
one
shoote
,
that
is
,
take
reuenge
of
such
as
they
hated
,
and
gaine
the
dead
paies
of
such
as
were
there
slaine
;
which
was
an
infernall
inuention
.
And
this
I
would
not
haue
set
downe
if
I
had
not
heard
it
most
constantlie
affirmed
by
some
of
those
themselues
,
that
haue
been
of
purpose
sent
to
such
banquets
,
and
haue
with
great
daunger
escaped
out
of
such
enterprises
.
And
whereas
there
is
nothing
more
requisite
to
keepe
men
of
warre
in
obedience
and
discipline
,
than
pay
and
good
vsage
of
their
Chieftaines
,
Coronells
,
Captaines
,
and
other
Officers
,
(
which
hath
been
the
cause
that
in
all
well
ordered
warres
both
ancient
and
moderne
,
the
Generalls
,
Chieftaines
and
Captaines
,
haue
alwaies
vsed
to
procure
and
liberallie
to
pay
,
or
to
see
the
same
paied
to
their
soldiers
,
without
defrauding
them
of
any
part
thereof
:
)
so
some
of
our
such
men
of
warre
haue
in
those
warres
procured
pay
for
their
soldiers
;
but
when
they
haue
obtained
and
receiued
it
,
they
haue
vsed
diuers
waies
to
defraude
them
of
the
same
,
but
chieflie
two
,
speciallie
to
be
noted
;
of
the
which
the
first
hath
been
,
that
presently
vpon
the
receipt
of
their
pay
,
(
or
els
that
they
haue
been
assured
that
they
should
receiue
the
same
)
within
a
day
or
two
daies
after
,
they
haue
presentlie
deuised
some
verie
daungerous
enterprise
to
employ
their
bands
and
companies
in
,
to
make
proofe
how
manie
in
such
exploytes
should
leese
their
liues
,
that
they
might
enrich
themselues
by
their
dead
p●ies
;
during
which
employments
,
some
of
our
such
chiefe
men
of
warre
that
deuised
the
same
,
remained
in
great
townes
feasting
,
banquetting
,
and
carowsing
with
their
dames
.
And
their
second
policie
and
practise
hath
been
,
that
they
haue
plainlie
kept
and
conuerted
(
or
rather
peruerted
)
a
great
part
thereof
to
their
owne
vses
,
lodging
their
soldiers
dispersed
and
stragling
in
Villages
,
and
in
stead
of
pay
haue
suffered
them
to
goe
alla
picoree
,
that
was
,
to
robbe
and
spoyle
the
Boores
their
friends
:
whereupon
it
came
to
passe
,
that
the
Boores
fearing
such
mercenaries
more
than
their
enemies
,
did
arme
themselues
,
and
stoode
vpon
their
gardes
,
in
such
sort
,
that
at
times
it
cost
the
liues
of
a
great
number
of
our
braue
Nation
.
And
for
Captaines
,
diuerse
wayes
to
become
Merchants
,
and
chiefly
in
selling
their
bandes
one
to
an
other
,
as
also
in
letting
them
to
farme
for
a
yearely
rent
vnto
their
Lieutenants
,
as
if
they
were
flockes
of
milch
Ewes
,
it
hath
beene
too
often
put
in
practise
.
And
whereas
also
,
all
Generalls
and
Chiefetaines
of
all
Nations
of
anie
iudgement
,
vpon
the
approch
of
any
Citie
,
Towne
,
or
place
fortified
,
haue
vsed
to
approch
the
same
with
trenches
,
crosse-trenches
,
gabions
,
and
diuerse
other
ordinary
and
extraordinary
inuentions
,
(
according
vnto
the
scituation
of
the
ground
)
for
the
preseruing
,
and
sauing
of
the
liues
of
their
Souldiors
,
and
that
they
haue
not
offered
to
giue
any
assault
,
vntill
by
the
battery
and
effect
of
great
Ordinaunce
,
planted
vppon
〈◊〉
Caueleeres
(
by
vs
called
Mounts
)
or
by
battery
from
the
counterscarfe
cut
,
and
opened
,
the
flankers
of
the
bulwarkes
,
platformes
,
and
reuelins
haue
beene
taken
away
,
and
the
Artillerie
of
the
inward
Mounts
dismounted
,
and
a
sufficient
breach
in
the
Curtine
made
assaultable
,
with
the
drie
or
wet
ditches
filled
to
take
away
the
effectes
of
Casamates
,
as
also
to
make
the
entrance
of
the
Souldiors
into
the
ditches
and
breach
more
easie
,
and
with
lesse
daunger
;
and
otherwise
with
great
order
of
their
Armies
of
horsemen
and
footemen
reduced
into
〈◊〉
Squadrons
and
other
formes
,
for
the
garde
of
their
Campes
and
Field
:
So
contrariwise
,
our
such
men
of
warre
(
being
ignorant
of
all
discipline
Militarie
)
haue
bene
so
prodigall
of
the
liues
of
their
Souldiors
,
that
they
haue
diuers
times
sent
them
(
as
it
were
to
the
butchery
)
to
giue
assault
to
certaine
skonces
,
and
other
such
fortifications
,
without
any
such
order
of
approach
,
or
taking
away
any
flankers
,
or
making
any
breach
.
Besides
that
,
in
this
later
time
(
I
meane
within
these
very
fewe
yeares
)
most
grosely
and
ignorantly
in
the
time
of
Winter
,
with
some
thousandes
of
our
braue
English
people
,
they
laie
shooting
off
gunnes
diuers
weekes
against
some
great
Towne
well
fortified
,
with
a
broad
and
a
large
riuer
nauigable
being
betwixt
them
,
without
anie
other
wayes
besieging
of
it
,
their
Campe
lying
in
a
wet
moorish
ground
,
where
their
soldiors
in
their
watches
and
centinels
stoode
to
the
mid
legges
in
dyrt
&
myre
,
with
frost
,
snow
,
raine
and
mysts
,
and
small
store
of
victuall
,
and
at
their
dislodging
from
thence
,
did
dislodge
stragling
by
bands
,
without
any
chiefetaine
to
direct
and
gouerne
them
.
All
which
disorders
cost
the
liues
of
some
thousands
of
our
gallant
English
Nation
,
the
dead
payes
of
the
which
so
great
numbers
of
souldiors
so
fondly
and
wilfully
cast
away
,
did
redound
greatly
to
the
enriching
of
some
of
our
such
men
of
warre
.
And
now
in
the
same
later
time
,
when
all
things
should
by
all
reason
haue
beene
reduced
vnto
order
and
discipline
,
because
the
nature
of
the
warre
was
altered
from
mercenary
and
voluntary
,
to
princely
authoritie
;
I
meane
the
Sommer
before
the
Earle
of
Leicester
went
ouer
,
our
such
men
of
war
that
had
serued
diuers
yeares
before
in
those
parts
deuised
a
newe
inuention
,
neuer
heard
nor
read
of
before
amongst
any
men
of
warre
,
but
onely
vpon
some
great
lackes
and
extremities
,
and
that
was
,
that
their
Soldiors
,
in
steade
of
pay
with
money
,
should
be
payed
in
Prouand
,
which
was
bread
and
cheese
,
and
other
such
victuall
of
the
best
cheape
and
basest
sort
,
and
that
taxed
by
measure
;
saying
,
that
it
was
not
conuenient
that
their
Souldiors
should
receiue
their
owne
payes
,
because
they
knewe
not
how
to
lay
out
their
money
,
but
that
they
would
spend
it
idlely
;
which
simplicity
and
ignorance
,
if
it
had
beene
in
them
(
as
it
was
not
)
they
,
and
their
officers
,
by
good
instruction
should
haue
reformed
the
same
.
But
such
couetous
men
of
warre
,
vnder
that
pretence
(
as
though
their
Souldiours
had
beene
either
naturall
fooles
or
children
)
did
contrarie
to
all
Militarie
order
put
the
greatest
part
of
their
Souldiors
pay
into
their
owne
purses
,
allowing
them
great
scarcity
of
Prouand
.
By
which
means
it
came
to
passe
,
that
diuers
thousands
of
their
Souldiors
in
those
plentifull
Countries
,
partly
by
hunger
,
and
partly
by
euill
lodging
,
&
altogether
by
the
small
care
and
misuse
of
our
such
men
of
warre
did
perish
.
Besides
that
,
great
numbers
of
such
their
sicke
and
starued
Souldiors
,
by
the
order
of
the
Earle
of
Leicester
,
were
in
those
partes
embarked
,
and
transported
into
Essex
,
Kent
,
and
other
partes
of
England
,
to
recouer
health
,
of
which
foresaid
great
numbers
of
miserable
&
pitiful
ghosts
,
or
rather
shadowes
of
men
,
the
Essex
and
Kentish
carts
and
carters
(
that
carried
them
)
can
testifie
;
of
which
,
scarce
the
fortieth
man
escaped
with
life
.
Also
,
when
any
of
their
Soldiors
,
through
the
naughtines
,
or
scarcitie
of
their
victuall
,
or
by
their
euill
lodging
,
or
by
the
pestering
,
or
lying
of
two
or
three
hundred
of
them
together
in
some
one
Church
,
and
so
in
diuers
Churches
,
vpon
the
bare
pauements
,
or
vpon
diuers
other
disorders
,
and
misusages
of
some
of
our
such
men
of
war
,
fell
sicke
;
our
such
men
of
warre
presently
did
casse
,
and
discharge
them
out
of
their
bands
for
dead
men
,
turning
their
Prouand
money
with
all
ouerplusses
into
their
owne
purses
,
procuring
newe
supplies
of
well
apparelled
,
and
lusty
yong
men
out
of
England
,
to
the
intent
to
serue
their
owne
turnes
,
and
to
consume
people
after
people
.
All
which
marueilous
disorders
of
some
of
our
such
men
of
warre
against
their
Souldiors
,
contrary
to
all
discipline
Militarie
,
by
them
practized
and
vsed
,
with
infinit
others
(
which
to
rehearse
would
make
a
huge
volume
)
were
the
occasion
that
manie
thousands
of
the
lustiest
and
dispost
sort
of
our
English
people
,
were
in
those
warres
(
as
it
were
)
wittingly
and
willingly
cast
away
;
besides
great
numbers
,
that
at
diuers
times
did
choose
rather
to
flie
to
the
enemy
than
to
serue
vnder
such
cruell
and
disordered
chiefetaines
;
And
these
wonderfull
disorders
,
with
innumerable
others
did
continue
and
increase
vntill
such
time
as
diuers
yong
Noblemen
lately
comming
to
take
principall
charges
in
those
wars
,
as
also
diuers
knights
and
Gentlemen
of
Noble
and
of
Worshipfull
houses
,
and
themselues
of
great
valour
and
woorthines
did
complaine
of
,
and
discouer
those
most
strange
and
wonderfull
abuses
,
vnto
the
Queene
,
and
to
her
Counsell
;
who
vnderstanding
thereof
,
did
very
nobly
reforme
and
redresse
diuers
of
those
disorders
,
taking
further
order
,
that
the
aforesaid
newe
deuised
Prouand
should
be
abolished
,
and
that
in
steade
thereof
,
the
Souldiours
should
receiue
their
owne
payes
in
money
;
which
,
with
the
wise
and
worthie
proceedings
and
courses
of
the
aforesaid
Noblemen
,
Knights
and
Gentlemen
,
that
began
with
great
order
and
Discipline
,
to
serue
in
those
warres
,
some
at
,
and
others
since
,
the
going
ouer
of
the
Earle
of
Leicester
,
hath
of
late
greatly
preuailed
and
redounded
to
the
reformation
of
diuers
of
those
strange
inuentions
,
and
abuses
,
inuented
and
brought
into
those
warres
by
the
aforesaide
newe
fantasied
men
of
warre
.
But
now
,
for
excuse
vsed
by
some
of
our
such
men
of
war
,
for
the
casting
away
and
losse
of
such
great
numbers
,
and
many
thousands
of
our
gallant
English
people
in
those
Lowe
countrie
warres
,
as
also
in
later
wars
,
(
I
meane
not
in
France
,
where
I
neuer
heard
any
blame
,
but
great
honour
imputed
to
the
Chiefetaine
,
and
commendation
to
the
Captaines
;
but
in
a
very
short
warre
of
a
great
deale
further
distance
,
but
of
a
wonderfull
consumption
of
our
braue
Nation
,
through
great
disorder
,
and
lacke
of
discipline
Militarie
:
the
particularities
whereof
,
because
I
haue
not
hitherto
handled
,
I
omit
)
some
of
our
such
men
of
warre
haue
not
beene
ashamed
,
manie
times
to
report
and
say
,
that
all
those
braue
people
that
haue
beene
consumed
and
lost
in
the
Lowe
Countries
,
and
those
other
fore-mentioned
warres
,
by
their
disorders
(
as
aforesaid
)
were
the
very
scomme
,
theeues
,
and
roges
of
England
,
and
therefore
haue
beene
very
well
lost
,
and
that
the
Realme
(
being
too
full
of
people
)
is
very
well
ridde
of
them
,
and
that
if
they
had
not
beene
consumed
in
those
warres
,
they
would
haue
died
vnder
a
hedge
,
with
diuers
other
such
brutish
and
infernall
speaches
,
euen
like
vnto
themselues
,
and
to
the
newe
discipline
by
them
inuented
and
practized
,
rather
to
dispeople
a
kingdome
of
England
of
the
youth
and
floure
thereof
,
than
anie
wayes
to
doo
anie
hurt
vnto
the
enemie
.
Whereas
contrariwise
it
is
very
welknowen
vnto
all
the
Iustices
of
peace
in
al
shires
of
England
,
from
whence
those
Souldiors
did
go
voluntarie
,
or
otherwise
,
euen
from
the
beginning
of
the
first
voluntarie
warres
,
vntill
this
day
,
(
sauing
such
as
were
leuied
in
the
Citie
of
London
by
commission
,
and
some
fewe
roges
in
one
yeare
leuied
in
other
shires
)
that
they
were
in
a
verie
great
part
yong
Gentlemen
,
and
in
a
farre
greater
part
of
Yeomen
and
Yeomens
sonnes
,
and
the
rest
of
the
brauest
sort
of
Artificers
,
and
other
lustie
yong
men
,
desirous
of
a
gallantnes
of
mind
,
to
aduenture
themselues
,
and
see
the
warres
,
many
thousands
of
the
which
(
being
the
verie
floure
of
England
)
did
farre
exceed
,
and
excell
our
such
men
of
warre
both
in
goodlines
of
personage
and
worthines
of
mind
;
and
these
were
no
roges
,
nor
theeues
,
nor
the
scomme
of
England
,
as
those
our
such
men
of
warre
doo
ofttimes
report
:
for
it
is
verie
well
knowne
in
all
shires
by
experience
,
that
such
malefactors
and
base
minded
people
,
neuer
had
any
desire
,
nor
will
to
go
into
anie
warres
and
actions
Militarie
,
but
haue
hidden
and
absented
themselues
away
during
the
times
of
musters
and
leuies
,
and
when
the
same
haue
been
past
,
they
haue
againe
followed
their
vile
occupations
of
robbing
,
pilfering
and
stealing
.
Besides
that
,
it
is
most
manifest
,
that
before
some
of
our
such
men
of
warre
tooke
those
voluntarie
warres
in
hand
,
there
were
verie
few
theeues
and
roges
in
England
,
in
comparison
that
there
are
now
,
that
haue
come
out
of
their
discipline
;
for
it
is
certaine
,
that
this
new
deformed
Milicia
and
euill
gouernment
of
our
such
men
of
war
,
by
suffering
their
soldiers
for
lacke
of
pay
in
those
warres
to
go
a
robbing
and
spoyling
the
countrie
people
their
friends
(
as
aforesaid
)
hath
brought
many
of
them
from
good
to
euill
,
and
made
most
of
those
that
haue
returned
into
England
impudent
roges
and
theeues
,
that
were
true
men
before
they
went
ouer
.
By
which
their
merueilous
disordered
,
and
deformed
discipline
,
it
is
come
to
passe
that
many
,
and
many
thousands
of
the
brauest
and
lustiest
sort
of
people
able
to
weare
armes
,
and
to
serue
in
any
warres
either
offensiue
or
defensiue
,
are
(
as
aforesaid
)
consumed
in
those
warres
,
and
the
number
of
exercised
and
expert
soldiers
,
meete
vpon
any
occasion
to
serue
the
Prince
and
Realme
,
by
those
seruices
no
waies
increased
;
by
reason
that
all
such
as
haue
come
out
of
those
seruices
(
vnlesse
it
be
the
Captaines
,
and
a
fewe
Officers
of
bands
)
are
almost
all
turned
from
miserable
soldiers
that
they
were
in
those
Lowe
Countries
,
to
most
impudent
roges
and
theeues
,
that
by
no
order
,
nor
pollicie
can
be
reformed
and
reduced
to
any
honest
course
of
life
,
all
which
hath
come
to
passe
through
the
extreme
euill
gouernement
of
some
of
our
such
men
of
war
(
as
aforesaid
.
)
And
whereas
they
talke
and
boast
so
much
of
their
new
discipline
Militarie
,
and
of
their
owne
sufficiencies
,
and
that
they
doe
exceede
and
excell
all
the
ancient
men
of
war
of
times
past
,
as
also
such
as
are
yet
liuing
:
Certainely
,
all
men
that
list
may
beholde
their
newe
Milicia
of
their
owne
forming
,
as
aforesaid
,
of
theeues
and
roges
that
doe
swarme
in
all
the
high
wayes
,
and
gaoles
of
England
.
Which
doth
make
manifest
the
great
insufficiencies
of
such
as
haue
beene
Authors
,
actors
and
performers
of
that
infernall
discipline
:
some
of
the
which
also
haue
not
contented
themselues
to
worke
the
aforesaid
great
euills
to
their
Countrie
and
Nation
(
before
declared
)
but
haue
of
late
yeares
,
since
they
came
out
of
those
Lowe
Countrie
warres
sought
to
bring
to
passe
two
other
such
notorious
and
deformed
effectes
amongst
the
English
Nation
,
as
may
in
time
to
come
,
be
the
vtter
ruine
of
this
most
noble
kingdome
and
people
;
euen
as
the
like
hath
beene
of
diuers
other
great
Monarchies
:
of
the
which
two
effects
,
the
one
hath
beene
to
celebrate
;
the
other
to
abolish
and
extinguish
.
That
to
celebrate
,
hath
been
to
the
feasts
of
Bacchus
,
with
carowsing
and
drunkennesse
.
Which
most
foule
and
detestable
vice
,
is
enemy
to
all
Discipline
and
Exercises
Militarie
,
and
to
be
short
,
to
all
vertues
and
excellencies
both
of
bodie
and
soule
,
and
in
the
rest
is
the
very
mother
and
nurse
of
effeminacie
,
of
cowardice
,
of
sensualitie
,
of
rebellion
,
of
couetousnes
,
and
all
other
vices
that
can
be
imagined
;
as
we
may
euidently
see
by
our
next
neighbours
the
Flemings
,
and
Dutch
,
whose
vices
and
imperfections
(
sauing
onely
their
pollicie
to
grow
rich
,
and
gather
goods
)
for
breuities
sake
I
ouerpasse
.
And
this
forren
vice
hath
bene
brought
out
of
those
Lowe
Countries
by
some
of
our
such
men
of
warre
within
these
very
fewe
yeares
,
whereof
it
is
come
to
passe
,
that
nowadayes
there
are
very
fewe
feastes
,
where
our
said
men
of
warre
are
present
,
but
that
they
doo
inuite
,
and
procure
all
the
companie
,
of
what
calling
soeuer
they
be
,
to
carowsing
and
quaffing
;
and
because
they
wil
not
be
denied
their
challenges
,
they
will
with
many
new
conges
,
ceremonies
and
reuerences
,
drinke
to
the
health
and
prosperitie
of
Princes
;
to
the
health
of
Counsellors
,
and
vnto
the
health
of
their
greatest
friends
both
at
home
and
abroad
;
in
which
exercise
they
neuer
cease
till
they
be
dead
drunke
,
or
as
the
Flemings
say
,
Do
ot
dronken
.
Which
their
quaffings
,
and
carowsings
,
with
all
their
ceremonies
,
is
no
other
but
a
blaspheming
and
offending
of
God
in
the
highest
degree
,
a
touching
of
the
honour
of
the
Princes
,
vnto
whose
healths
they
carowse
,
and
a
very
offering
of
sacrifice
vnto
Satanas
,
or
rather
to
Belzebub
himselfe
the
Prince
of
feendes
.
Certainely
,
a
wonderfull
pitifull
case
,
that
anie
of
our
such
men
of
warre
or
nation
vnder
the
pretence
of
souldiorie
,
and
warlike
Discipline
,
should
nowadayes
in
steade
of
praying
to
God
,
for
the
health
of
Princes
,
which
hath
beene
alwayes
very
commendably
vsed
amongst
all
good
subiects
,
Christians
,
drinke
and
carowse
drunke
to
the
health
,
&
prosperity
of
Kings
,
Kingdoms
,
and
States
;
And
that
men
that
haue
beene
created
by
God
to
his
owne
similitude
and
likenes
,
should
contrarie
to
his
glorie
,
by
such
filthie
disorder
make
themselues
farre
inferiour
to
most
brute
beasts
.
And
this
aforesaid
detestable
vice
hath
within
these
sixe
or
seuen
yeares
taken
wonderfull
roote
amongest
our
English
Nation
,
that
in
times
past
was
wont
to
be
of
all
other
Nations
of
Christendome
one
of
the
soberest
;
And
this
is
one
of
the
fruits
and
merchandize
of
their
discipline
that
our
such
men
of
warre
haue
brought
in
amongst
vs
.
Now
,
the
other
effect
that
they
haue
sought
most
blindlie
and
maliciouslie
to
bring
to
passe
,
to
the
great
daunger
that
vppon
diuers
accidents
may
hereafter
happen
to
the
Crowne
and
Realme
of
England
and
English
Nation
,
hath
been
,
and
is
to
seeke
to
abolish
and
extinguish
the
notable
exercise
and
vse
of
our
Long-bowes
and
Archerie
;
by
which
weapons
our
auncestors
,
with
many
miraculous
victories
,
haue
made
our
Nation
famous
both
in
Europe
,
Affrick
and
Asia
,
so
that
in
stead
of
Archerie
,
which
is
the
soberest
exercise
of
all
others
to
auoide
drunkennes
and
other
euills
,
and
a
most
manlie
exercise
and
wholesome
for
the
health
of
the
bodie
,
and
to
encrease
strength
;
and
for
battailes
and
victories
of
farre
greater
effect
,
than
any
other
weapon
that
euer
was
or
shall
be
inuented
;
our
such
men
of
warre
vnder
pretence
of
the
excellencie
of
the
weapons
of
fire
by
them
misreported
,
would
bring
in
carowsing
and
drunkennes
:
which
two
things
,
I
meane
of
the
neglecting
and
suppressing
of
the
vse
and
exercise
of
Bowes
and
Archerie
,
and
bringing
in
of
superfluities
and
drunkennes
,
hath
been
the
ruine
of
manie
great
Empires
,
Kingdoms
and
Common-wealthes
,
as
it
is
apparant
by
the
testimonie
of
many
notable
histories
.
As
for
example
,
the
Aegyptians
(
before
mentioned
in
this
Proëme
)
vnder
their
most
valiant
and
mightie
King
Sesosis
or
Sesostris
,
and
other
their
notable
Princes
,
did
conquer
a
great
part
of
Asia
,
Europe
&
Affrick
by
their
notable
Milicia
,
which
did
consist
most
of
Archerie
and
Bowes
:
but
after
,
through
long
peace
,
and
the
negligence
of
some
of
their
effeminate
Kings
,
the
same
warlike
Nation
did
growe
to
such
drunkennes
and
gluttonie
,
that
thereby
forgetting
the
vse
and
exercise
of
their
Bowes
,
they
were
conquered
and
subdued
Alexander
the
great
,
the
greatest
part
of
whose
Armie
did
consist
of
Archerie
,
and
after
that
many
times
subdued
and
kept
in
seruitude
by
the
Milicia
and
force
of
Archerie
of
diuers
other
sober
Nations
.
The
Empire
of
Constantinople
,
and
Rome
also
at
such
time
as
they
were
vnder
one
Empire
,
and
that
the
Emperours
held
their
imperiall
seate
in
Constantinople
,
as
carefull
as
some
of
those
Emperours
were
to
keepe
their
subiects
the
Grecians
in
exercise
of
Armes
,
and
chieflie
of
Archerie
,
yet
after
in
the
time
of
other
Emperours
that
were
careles
and
effeminate
,
their
subiects
giuing
themselues
,
through
long
peace
,
vnto
feasting
and
drunkennes
,
and
neglecting
the
exercize
of
Bowes
and
Archerie
,
did
so
forget
the
vse
of
that
most
excellent
weapon
,
that
they
were
many
times
vanquished
by
the
Milicia
of
the
Arabians
,
that
consisted
most
of
all
of
Bowemen
:
which
conquering
Nation
at
that
time
gaue
themselues
to
labour
and
trauell
,
and
to
the
exercise
of
their
bowes
,
with
great
sobrietie
,
and
not
to
drunkennes
.
And
the
subiectes
of
the
very
same
Empire
of
Constantinople
long
after
the
time
of
their
great
ouerthrowes
by
the
Arabians
,
through
the
negligence
of
some
of
their
effeminate
Emperours
,
as
aforesaide
,
were
by
the
constraint
of
certaine
imperiall
statutes
and
ordinances
of
some
other
wise
and
valiant
Emperours
,
reduced
in
a
great
,
part
from
their
drunkennes
to
sobrietie
,
and
from
idlenes
to
their
ancient
exercize
of
Archerie
,
by
the
which
they
did
defend
themselues
against
the
Turkes
and
Sarazins
(
during
the
time
of
those
woorthie
Emperours
)
very
valiantly
;
but
after
againe
in
processe
of
time
,
through
the
effeminacie
and
negligence
of
other
Emperours
of
no
valour
nor
worthines
,
the
said
Grecians
did
returne
againe
to
their
former
drunkennes
,
superfluities
,
and
vtter
forgetting
of
the
vse
,
and
exercize
of
their
bowes
and
Archerie
.
Whereby
it
came
to
passe
,
that
Mahomet
the
second
of
that
name
of
the
house
of
Otoman
,
with
his
notable
Milicia
of
Turkes
and
Ianissaries
,
that
consisted
most
of
Bowe-men
(
a
Nation
no
wayes
giuen
to
drunkennesse
)
did
vtterly
subdue
and
conquere
that
Empire
.
Besides
which
examples
,
I
coulde
(
if
it
were
not
too
long
)
alleadge
many
others
of
many
kingdomes
,
and
mighty
Nations
,
that
through
the
detestable
vices
of
drunkennes
,
couetousnes
and
superfluities
,
haue
giuen
themselues
to
effeminacie
;
and
forgetting
of
all
vse
of
their
Bowes
and
Archerie
,
and
other
exercises
Militarie
:
by
meanes
whereof
they
haue
bene
after
conquered
,
and
brought
into
seruitude
by
other
sober
and
valiant
Nations
,
that
haue
had
the
vse
of
the
Bowe
in
great
perfection
.
And
to
be
briefe
,
there
is
no
man
that
hath
read
many
notable
histories
of
great
antiquitie
,
as
also
of
later
ages
with
obseruation
,
but
hee
shall
most
manifestly
see
,
that
drunkennes
,
couetousnes
and
superfluities
,
haue
caused
the
forgetting
and
contempt
of
the
vse
of
Archerie
,
and
all
other
exercises
Militarie
,
which
hath
beene
the
ruine
of
most
of
all
the
Empires
,
Kingdomes
and
Nations
that
haue
beene
knowne
,
or
written
of
in
Europe
,
Affrick
,
or
Asia
;
And
if
any
of
our
such
men
of
warre
be
so
obstinate
,
that
they
wil
not
beleeue
such
notable
Histories
,
let
them
then
resorte
to
the
Bible
,
which
is
the
Booke
of
God
,
and
then
(
if
they
be
not
possessed
with
some
infernall
spirit
,
that
doth
breed
in
them
infidelitie
)
they
shall
not
onely
there
see
the
great
account
,
that
King
Dauid
that
holie
prophet
made
of
that
weapon
after
the
ouerthrow
and
death
of
King
Saul
,
slaine
by
the
Philistines
,
great
effectes
perfourmed
with
that
weapon
by
the
Iewes
vnder
Iosuah
their
most
excellent
Captaine
,
that
did
depose
so
many
Kings
;
with
many
other
particularities
:
by
the
which
it
may
be
iustly
gathered
,
that
God
gaue
such
excellent
effects
to
that
weapon
,
that
when
he
diuers
times
promised
helpe
to
the
Iewes
against
the
Gentiles
,
hee
made
speciall
mention
of
that
weapon
.
And
when
it
pleased
him
to
punish
the
Iewes
for
their
idolatrie
gluttonie
,
by
the
handes
of
the
Gentiles
,
they
receiued
diuers
ouerthrowes
,
by
the
effect
of
Bowes
.
Besides
that
,
King
Dauid
dooth
call
Bowes
a
mightie
power
,
and
in
his
Psalmes
,
the
vessells
of
death
.
By
which
examples
before
alleadged
(
that
drunkennes
and
neglecting
of
the
exercize
,
and
vse
of
Bowes
,
hath
bin
the
ruine
of
many
Empires
and
kingdomes
)
I
thinke
all
men
of
consideration
and
iudgement
may
euidently
see
what
pernicious
and
dangerous
matters
our
such
men
of
war
haue
by
their
euill
and
foule
examples
,
and
sinister
perswasions
,
sought
to
drawe
,
and
perswade
our
Nation
vnto
.
Which
with
their
innumerable
disorders
Militarie
by
them
committed
in
the
Lowe
Countries
,
as
also
elsewhere
,
to
the
consumption
,
and
destruction
of
many
and
many
thousands
of
our
Nation
(
as
is
before
declared
:
)
may
,
I
thinke
,
euidently
shewe
how
vnfit
and
vnable
such
men
of
warre
are
to
compare
themselues
with
the
great
Captaines
of
former
times
,
or
with
the
ancient
men
of
war
yet
liuing
,
that
haue
bene
trained
vp
in
matters
of
armes
in
the
warres
of
Emperours
or
Kings
,
as
also
how
much
more
insufficient
they
are
to
erect
and
innouate
anie
new
Discipline
Militarie
amongst
vs
,
or
any
wayes
to
suppresse
or
find
fault
with
the
exercise
,
vse
,
and
effectes
of
our
peculiar
,
and
most
victorious
weapon
the
Long-bowe
.
And
now
that
I
haue
in
this
Proëme
laid
open
many
foule
&
detestable
proceedings
&
disorders
of
some
of
our
such
men
of
war
,
practised
and
put
in
execution
by
them
in
the
Low
countries
,
as
also
some
here
at
home
,
greatly
to
the
hurt
&
preiudice
of
our
country
&
Nation
:
I
thinke
it
good
to
notifie
vnto
your
Lordships
,
that
I
haue
not
taken
it
in
hand
,
&
performed
the
same
any
waies
moued
therunto
vpon
any
priuat
hatred
or
malice
by
me
to
anie
of
them
borne
.
For
I
protest
,
that
if
they
were
all
my
verie
neere
kinsmen
,
the
cause
being
publique
,
I
would
respect
them
no
more
than
I
haue
respected
these
;
but
as
for
those
men
whosoeuer
they
be
,
to
my
remembrance
,
I
haue
had
verie
little
or
no
conference
with
anie
of
them
.
Besides
that
,
there
is
none
of
them
,
to
my
knowledge
,
that
euer
gaue
vnto
me
(
in
respect
of
mine
owne
particular
)
anie
occasion
of
offence
:
but
the
verie
originall
and
principall
cause
that
hath
mooued
me
to
set
downe
my
discourses
following
,
as
also
this
my
Proëme
to
your
Lordships
in
this
forme
and
phrase
,
hath
been
the
exceeding
loue
,
and
extraordinarie
zeale
that
I
beare
vnto
my
Prince
,
Countrie
and
Nation
.
That
seeing
and
foreseeing
the
wonderfull
euills
that
haue
alreadie
,
and
are
likelie
daylie
,
and
from
time
to
time
more
and
more
to
ensue
(
if
the
same
bee
not
speedilie
prouided
for
and
remedied
)
to
no
lesse
in
processe
of
time
,
than
to
the
ruine
or
great
hazard
of
this
most
noble
Monarchie
;
I
therefore
thought
it
my
duetie
,
all
priuate
passion
of
feare
,
of
loue
,
of
hatred
and
affection
set
aside
,
to
make
manifest
vnto
your
Lordships
those
great
disorders
and
euills
before
declared
;
that
by
your
being
put
in
remembrance
,
and
knowing
of
them
your
Lordships
(
being
the
Nobilitie
and
Magnates
of
the
Kingdome
,
and
the
verie
eyes
,
eares
,
and
of
the
King
,
and
the
bodie
of
the
watch
,
and
redresse
of
the
Common
wealth
)
may
prouide
for
,
preuent
,
and
reforme
the
aforesaid
great
euills
that
doo
threaten
hereafter
to
ensue
:
al
which
haue
come
to
my
knowledge
by
the
certaine
and
assured
reports
of
verie
many
both
wise
and
gallant
Gentlemen
of
principall
houses
,
and
others
of
verie
good
sort
,
that
haue
serued
some
of
them
at
one
time
,
and
some
of
them
at
other
times
,
euen
from
the
first
voluntarie
going
ouer
into
those
warres
,
till
within
these
two
yeares
and
a
halfe
,
and
within
these
three
yeares
last
past
;
all
which
Gentlemen
haue
greatlie
detested
those
aforesaid
infinite
disorders
.
And
now
,
because
that
no
Chieftaine
,
Coronell
,
nor
Captaine
,
that
haue
in
those
warres
gouerned
themselues
and
their
charges
with
great
care
,
reputation
and
worthines
(
and
therefore
deserued
great
praise
,
and
commendation
)
shall
iustly
think
themselues
any
waies
reproached
or
touched
,
by
any
thing
contained
in
this
my
Proëme
or
discourses
following
;
I
notifie
vnto
them
that
no
part
of
my
intention
nor
meaning
,
nor
any
word
to
my
knowledge
in
these
contained
,
doo
any
waies
sound
to
the
touch
or
blame
of
any
such
worthie
men
,
but
altogether
to
their
praise
and
commendation
:
for
I
would
be
sorie
to
erre
so
greatlie
,
as
any
waies
to
touch
with
blame
anie
men
of
worthines
,
but
rather
with
my
word
,
writing
and
action
,
to
encrease
their
reputations
;
for
if
I
haue
in
respect
of
the
publique
cause
touched
our
such
men
of
warre
aforesaid
,
with
reproach
,
they
themselues
vpon
a
guilty
conscience
,
will
discouer
who
they
are
,
by
blaming
and
detesting
my
Proëme
and
discourses
,
by
the
which
the
honor
and
vertue
of
such
men
of
worthines
shall
shine
,
and
flourish
the
more
through
the
cleerenes
of
their
consciences
not
touched
,
according
to
the
old
saying
,
that
the
reproching
of
vice
is
the
honoring
of
vertue
:
for
in
troth
,
mine
intention
in
this
my
Proëme
,
and
discourses
,
hath
been
onlie
to
discouer
the
great
disorders
,
and
euils
that
some
men
of
charge
of
our
Nation
(
vnder
pretence
of
a
new
discipline
Militarie
by
them
inuented
in
the
Lowe
Countries
)
did
with
great
couetousnes
practise
,
and
exercise
,
to
their
owne
gaine
and
profite
in
that
their
disordered
Milicia
,
neglecting
and
contemning
all
true
honor
,
reputation
and
worthines
,
to
the
great
dishonor
of
our
Countrie
,
and
Nation
.
That
thereby
all
yong
Gentlemen
that
haue
mispent
their
times
in
those
tumultuarie
,
and
disordered
warres
without
anie
discipline
,
as
also
all
other
yong
Gentlemen
that
are
desirous
to
followe
the
profession
of
Armes
may
reiect
,
and
detest
such
newe
disordered
,
and
detestable
disciplines
,
and
reduce
themselues
,
and
followe
the
true
discipline
Militarie
of
all
warlike
and
worthie
Nations
both
ancient
and
moderne
,
which
do
all
concurre
and
conforme
in
one
;
and
that
is
,
that
all
true
and
vniuersall
disciplines
Militarie
doo
(
as
I
haue
learned
by
hearing
the
opinions
of
diuers
great
Captaines
,
as
also
by
reading
diuers
histories
)
brieflie
consist
as
folweth
.
That
be
he
Emperour
King
,
or
a
Lieutenant
generall
of
an
Emperour
,
or
of
a
King
that
doth
commaund
and
gouerne
an
Armie
.
First
of
all
,
that
he
doo
make
God
to
be
loued
,
feared
and
serued
throughout
his
whole
Armie
:
the
second
,
that
he
doo
knowe
how
to
commaund
and
gouerne
,
with
great
prouidence
,
care
,
order
and
iustice
,
and
by
rewarding
the
good
,
and
punishing
the
bad
,
and
by
keeping
his
whole
Armie
in
discipline
to
make
himselfe
to
bee
no
lesse
loued
than
feared
.
The
third
is
,
often
to
consult
with
his
counsell
,
and
to
know
,
how
of
himselfe
(
after
the
opinions
of
his
counsell
heard
)
with
valour
to
resolue
and
performe
,
and
in
the
rest
,
himselfe
to
know
vpon
all
doubtfull
occasions
and
acccidents
,
how
to
preuent
,
remedie
and
execute
,
as
also
to
direct
others
with
great
skill
and
dexteritie
.
And
these
are
the
most
principall
poynts
that
doo
belong
to
the
Generall
of
an
Armie
.
The
sufficiencie
of
Coronells
doth
consist
in
the
gouerning
of
their
Regiments
with
all
care
,
valour
,
affection
and
diligence
;
and
that
they
doo
make
their
Regiments
as
well
in
particular
bands
,
as
in
the
whole
bodie
of
the
same
,
to
obserue
all
orders
Militarie
in
lodging
,
dislodging
,
in
marching
,
and
in
fighting
,
as
also
that
they
doo
liue
in
great
order
,
without
stragling
,
spoiling
or
any
waies
iniuring
:
And
in
the
rest
,
that
the
Coronells
themselues
doo
with
all
obedience
.
The
sufficiencie
of
Captaines
,
doth
consist
in
knowing
how
to
gouerne
and
order
their
bands
and
Companies
,
&
to
winne
the
loue
of
their
soldiers
,
by
all
examples
of
vertue
and
worthines
,
not
onlie
by
instruction
,
but
also
by
action
in
their
owne
persons
,
accompting
of
their
soldiers
as
of
their
owne
children
.
And
in
the
rest
to
be
obedient
,
valiant
and
resolute
,
as
also
of
sufficiencie
to
performe
and
execute
all
commandements
and
directions
with
discretion
,
valour
and
iudgement
.
The
duetie
and
sufficiencie
of
soldiers
,
doth
first
and
principallie
consist
,
to
be
obedient
to
their
Captaines
,
and
all
other
their
superiour
Officers
.
The
second
,
that
they
doo
knowe
how
to
apparell
and
arme
themselues
fitlie
,
and
to
handle
and
vse
their
weapons
in
euerie
time
and
place
,
and
to
knowe
and
obserue
al
orders
Militarie
.
The
third
is
,
to
be
sober
,
patient
,
and
able
to
endure
labours
and
trauells
.
The
sufficiencie
of
all
higher
and
lower
Officers
of
Armies
vnder
the
Generall
,
is
to
knowe
how
to
performe
their
Offices
with
all
care
,
fidelitie
,
diligence
and
obedience
.
And
such
a
Prince
or
Lieutenant
generall
of
an
Armie
,
as
hath
those
sufficiencies
in
him
(
that
I
haue
before
mentioned
)
cannot
faile
to
frame
good
Officers
of
his
Campe
&
Armie
,
as
also
good
and
sufficient
Coronells
and
Captaines
.
And
such
Officers
,
Coronells
and
Captaines
cannot
faile
to
make
good
soldiers
:
All
which
,
with
the
seruing
of
almightie
God
,
tendeth
to
the
orderlie
proceeding
and
managing
of
a
warre
in
all
affaires
and
actions
to
the
end
of
the
same
with
victorie
.
And
this
that
I
haue
aboue
set
downe
,
is
a
principall
part
of
a
Milicia
,
and
discipline
Militarie
of
all
warlike
Nations
;
and
the
contrarie
is
tumultuarie
,
and
cleane
opposite
to
all
Arte
and
Science
Militarie
.
And
this
I
haue
written
in
the
end
of
my
Proëme
for
a
note
and
remembrance
,
for
all
yong
Gentlemen
of
our
Nation
,
that
haue
a
desire
to
winne
honour
by
following
of
actions
of
Armes
.
And
now
I
proceed
to
my
discourses
.
Authorum
nomina
,
in
quibus
&
huius
Proemij
,
&
tractatus
varia
exempla
,
résque
diuersae
continentur
.
-
1
Biblia
Sacra
.
-
2
Diodorus
Siculus
.
-
3
Herodotus
.
-
4
Thucydides
.
-
5
Quintus
Curtius
.
-
6
Cornelius
Tacitus
.
-
7
Plinius
.
-
8
Titus
Liuius
.
-
9
Plutarchus
.
-
10
Beda
.
-
11
Appianus
Alexandrinus
.
-
12
Paulus
Diaconus
.
-
13
Pomponius
Mela.
-
14
Vegetius
de
re
militari
.
-
15
Adrianus
.
-
16
Polidorus
Virgilius
.
-
17
Historia
Imperatorum
.
-
18
Herodianus
.
-
19
Eutropius
.
-
20
Sparcianus
.
-
21
Luys
de
Carauajal
,
&
multi
alij
.
Faults
escaped
in
the
Printing
(
the
Author
being
absent
)
are
thus
to
be
amended
.
In
the
Proëme
.
-
Fol
3.
pag.
1.
lin.
35.
retained
,
for
,
attained
.
-
Fol.
6.
pag.
2.
lin.
3.
Commendator
major
,
for
,
Comendador
mayor
.
-
Fol.
6.
pag.
2.
lin.
14.
blame
of
writing
,
for
,
blame
to
writing
.
-
Fol.
6.
pag.
2.
lin
16.
therefore
will
proceed
,
for
,
therefore
I
will
proceed
.
-
Fol.
10.
pag.
1.
lin
17.
the
counterscarfe
cutt
,
and
opened
the
flankers
,
for
,
the
counterscarfe
cut
and
opened
,
the
flankers
.
-
Fol.
10.
pag.
2.
lin.
34.
scaritie
,
for
,
scarcitie
.
In
the
Discourse
.
-
Fol.
2.
pag.
1.
lin.
18.
Armies
and
Campes
,
formed
either
of
,
for
,
Armies
and
Campes
formed
,
either
of
.
-
Fol.
4.
pag.
1.
lin.
5.
Besies
,
for
,
beesides
.
-
Fol.
4.
pag.
1.
lin.
7.
preace
,
for
,
presse
.
-
Fol.
10.
pag
2.
lin.
13.
Sardenna
,
for
,
Sarden̄a
.
-
Fol.
14.
pag.
1.
lin.
1.
Marinnan
,
for
,
Marin̄an
.
-
Fol.
17.
pag.
2.
lin.
5.
kneeling
vpon
their
knees
,
for
,
kneeling
vpon
their
right
knees
.
-
Fol.
20.
pag.
2.
lin.
10.
as
,
for
,
is
.
-
Fol.
24.
pag.
1
lin.
12.
being
imployed
,
for
,
are
to
be
imployed
.
-
Fol.
25
pag.
2.
lin.
28.
&
31.
Achs
,
for
,
aches
.
-
Fol
34.
pag.
1.
lin.
8.
Sir
William
Olde
,
for
,
Sir
William
Odle
.
-
Fol.
34.
pag.
2.
lin
3.
forcing
,
for
,
farcing
.
-
Fol.
38.
pag.
1.
in
margine
.
Harquebuziers
,
for
,
Harquebuzes
.
-
Fol.
41.
pag.
1.
lin.
24.
Gabo
Saballa
,
for
,
Gabo
Sabada
.
-
Fol.
43.
pag.
2.
lin.
14.
killed
forraine
Archers
,
for
,
killed
with
forraine
Archers
.
Whereas
the
leaues
of
the
Proëme
are
not
numbred
with
folios
;
pleaseth
it
the
reader
to
count
the
leaues
from
the
beginning
thereof
,
to
the
place
agreeable
to
the
number
of
the
Errata
.
Certen
Discourses
concerning
the
formes
and
effects
of
diuers
sorts
of
weapons
;
and
other
very
important
matters
Militarie
,
greatlie
mistaken
by
diuers
of
our
men
of
warre
in
these
daies
;
and
chieflie
of
the
Mosquet
,
the
Caliuer
,
and
the
Long-bowe
,
as
also
of
the
great
sufficiencie
,
excellencie
,
and
wonderfull
effects
of
Archers
,
with
manie
notable
examples
,
and
other
particularities
.
Composed
by
Sir
Iohn
Smythe
,
Knight
.
1589.
And
printed
1590.
THe
straunge
opinions
,
so
wonderfullie
mistaken
in
these
our
daies
in
al
matters
Militarie
,
by
diuers
of
our
chiefe
men
of
charge
and
warre
,
(
as
they
are
accompted
)
that
haue
learned
their
greatest
skill
in
matters
of
Armes
,
seruing
vnder
the
States
,
in
the
tumultuarie
,
licentious
,
and
staruing
warres
of
the
Low
Countries
,
or
peraduenture
some
little
in
the
ciuil
warres
of
France
,
haue
moued
me
to
take
in
hand
this
discourse
,
to
discouer
their
straunge
and
erronious
opinions
Militarie
,
by
them
published
to
our
Nobilitie
and
chiefe
Magistrates
,
as
also
to
all
the
better
sort
of
our
people
and
Nation
;
which
vppon
anie
important
warre
,
either
offensiue
or
defensiue
,
may
greatlie
redound
to
the
losse
and
daunger
of
our
Prince
,
Countrie
and
Nation
.
In
the
which
discourse
,
my
meaning
is
not
to
touch
the
reputation
of
diuers
of
our
auncient
braue
Captaines
and
Soldiers
,
who
were
men
of
good
skill
and
sufficiencie
before
they
entred
into
those
warres
,
nor
yet
the
reputation
and
honor
of
diuers
Noble
men
,
These
our
such
men
of
warre
before
mentioned
,
in
a
manner
,
vtterlie
ignorant
of
all
our
auncient
discipline
and
proceedings
in
actions
of
Armes
,
haue
so
affected
the
Wallons
,
Flemings
,
and
base
Almanes
discipline
,
(
as
some
of
them
terme
it
)
that
they
haue
procured
to
innouate
,
or
rather
to
subuert
all
our
ancient
proceedings
in
matters
Militarie
,
and
therefore
haue
left
nothing
in
a
manner
vntouched
,
without
seeking
to
alter
and
chaunge
the
same
:
as
for
example
;
They
will
not
vouchsafe
in
their
speaches
or
writings
to
vse
our
ancient
termes
belonging
to
matters
of
warre
,
belegard
:
Their
Ensignes
also
they
will
not
call
by
that
name
,
but
by
the
name
of
Colours
,
which
terme
is
by
them
so
fondly
&
ignorantly
giuen
,
as
if
they
should
be
apposed
as
yong
scholers
in
their
accidens
,
and
should
(
in
stead
of
Ensignes
)
be
asked
how
manie
Colours
of
footmen
there
were
in
the
Armie
by
Remenen
vnder
the
Count
Boissu
against
Don
Iuan
d'
Austria
,
they
must
then
either
answere
,
a
hundred
,
or
more
or
fewer
,
as
white
,
black
,
blewe
,
greene
,
yellowe
,
russet
,
&c.
or
els
forsake
their
newe
terme
of
Colours
,
and
say
so
manie
Ensignes
,
Bands
,
or
Companies
,
which
in
troth
is
no
direct
answere
to
the
question
.
The
bodie
of
the
watch
also
or
standing
watch
(
as
we
were
wont
to
terme
it
)
they
now
call
after
the
French
,
or
Wallons
,
Corps
du
gard
,
with
manie
other
such
Wallon
and
Dutch
termes
,
as
though
our
English
Nation
,
which
hath
been
so
famous
in
all
actions
Militarie
manie
hundred
yeres
,
were
now
but
newlie
crept
into
the
world
,
or
as
though
our
language
were
so
barren
,
that
it
were
not
able
of
it selfe
,
or
by
deriuation
to
affoord
conuenient
words
to
vtter
our
minds
in
matters
of
that
qualitie
.
Their
Horsemen
also
,
and
themselues
seruing
on
horsebacke
with
Launces
,
or
any
other
weapon
,
they
thinke
verie
well
armed
with
some
kind
of
head-peece
,
a
collar
,
a
deformed
high
&
long
bellied
breast
,
and
a
backe
at
the
proofe
;
but
as
for
pouldrons
,
vambraces
,
gauntlets
,
tasses
,
cuisses
,
and
greues
,
they
hold
all
for
superfluous
.
The
imitating
of
which
their
vnsoldierlike
and
fond
arming
,
cost
that
noble
&
worthie
Gentleman
Sir
Philip
Sidney
his
life
,
by
not
wearing
his
cuisses
,
who
in
the
opinion
of
diuers
Gentlemen
that
sawe
him
hurt
with
a
Mosquet
shot
,
if
he
had
that
day
worne
his
cuisses
,
the
bullet
had
not
broken
his
thigh
bone
,
by
reason
that
the
chiefe
force
of
the
bullet
(
before
the
blowe
)
was
in
a
manner
past
.
Besides
that
,
it
is
a
great
encouragement
to
al
forraine
Nations
their
Enemies
that
are
better
armed
,
to
encounter
with
them
and
their
soldiers
that
they
see
so
ill
armed
.
And
as
their
ill
arming
is
an
encouraging
to
the
Enemie
,
so
it
is
vnto
them
a
discouragement
,
and
a
great
disaduantage
.
For
in
case
anie
horseman
or
footman
piquer
so
ill
armed
,
should
bee
wounded
on
the
thigh
,
or
chieflie
on
the
arme
or
hand
,
either
with
Launce
,
Pique
,
Sword
,
or
any
other
weapon
,
his
fighting
for
that
day
were
marred
;
besides
that
,
by
such
wounds
receiued
,
he
is
put
in
hazard
either
to
bee
slaine
or
taken
.
And
to
the
same
effect
it
hath
been
a
maxime
in
all
ages
amongst
all
great
Capraines
,
and
skilfull
soldiers
,
that
the
well
arming
of
horsmen
and
footmen
is
a
great
encouragement
vnto
them
to
fight
valiantlie
;
whereas
contrariwise
being
euill
armed
,
it
is
a
great
discouragement
vnto
them
encountring
with
well
armed
men
,
and
most
commonlie
through
wounds
receiued
,
the
verie
occasion
that
doth
make
them
to
turne
their
backes
.
And
as
they
doo
mistake
the
conuenient
arming
of
horsemen
and
footmen
,
so
they
also
mistake
the
weaponing
of
them
:
for
whereas
Swords
of
conuenient
length
,
forme
and
substance
,
haue
been
in
all
ages
esteemed
by
all
warlike
Nations
,
of
al
other
sorts
of
weapons
the
last
weapon
of
refuge
both
for
horsemen
,
and
footmen
,
by
reason
that
when
al
their
other
weapons
in
fight
haue
failed
them
,
either
by
breaking
,
losse
,
or
otherwise
,
they
then
haue
presentlie
betaken
themselues
to
their
short
arming
Swords
and
Daggers
,
as
to
the
last
weapons
,
of
great
effect
&
execution
for
all
Martiall
actions
:
so
our
such
men
of
warre
(
contrarie
to
the
auncient
order
and
vse
Militarie
)
doo
now
a
daies
preferre
and
allowe
that
armed
men
Piquers
,
Long
heauie
Daggers
also
,
with
great
brauling
Ale-house
hilts
,
(
which
were
neuer
vsed
but
for
priuate
fraies
and
braules
,
and
that
within
lesse
than
these
fortie
yeres
;
since
which
time
through
long
peace
,
we
haue
forgotten
all
orders
and
discipline
Militarie
)
they
doo
no
waies
disallow
,
nor
find
fault
withall
,
but
rather
allowe
them
for
their
Souldiors
to
weare
,
than
short
arming
Daggers
of
conuenient
forme
&
substance
,
without
hilts
,
or
with
little
short
crosses
,
of
nine
or
ten
inches
the
blades
,
such
as
not
onely
our
braue
Ancestors
,
but
al
other
warlike
Nations
,
both
in
warre
and
peace
,
did
weare
,
and
vse
.
By
the
which
they
euidently
shew
that
they
do
very
litle
consider
how
ouer-burdensome
and
combersome
,
such
Alehouse
Daggers
are
for
all
sorts
of
Souldiors
both
horsemen
and
footmen
,
as
also
how
vnfit
they
are
to
be
vsed
with
the
point
and
thrust
by
Soldiors
,
Piquers
or
Halbardiers
against
their
enemies
in
squadron
.
Where
,
by
proofe
,
reason
and
experience
,
in
al
battailes
and
other
encounters
,
the
nerenesse
and
prease
being
so
great
,
short
,
strong
,
and
light
arming
daggers
are
more
maniable
,
and
of
greater
execution
amongst
al
sorts
of
armed
men
,
milicia
,
&
therewithall
,
I
wold
haue
them
to
be
made
so
light
,
&
of
very
good
wood
,
that
they
shold
be
both
portable
and
maniable
,
which
many
of
our
piques
at
this
present
are
not
.
than
such
long
deformed
Daggers
,
as
aforesaid
.
[
*
](A12567-e3100-b)
*
Their
mistaking
of
piques
.
Piques
also
(
which
are
the
strength
of
the
field
,
as
well
against
horsemen
as
footemen
)
they
doo
allowe
of
diuers
lengths
,
so
that
they
seeme
long
,
hauing
no
regarde
to
their
vniformitie
of
length
,
nor
whether
they
bee
portable
or
maniable
,
thorough
their
too
much
wood
,
or
no
;
whereby
they
shewe
the
little
skil
they
haue
in
the
vse
of
that
weapon
,
considering
that
Piquers
being
reduced
into
squadron
to
fight
,
should
haue
all
their
piques
of
one
equall
and
proportionate
length
,
to
the
intent
that
all
the
ranckes
being
closed
by
frunt
and
flanckes
,
either
to
charge
an
other
squadron
of
Piquers
their
Enemies
,
or
to
receiue
,
and
repulse
a
charge
of
Launces
,
all
the
points
of
the
Piques
of
euerie
rancke
carrying
one
equalitie
,
and
so
diuerse
ranckes
being
incorporated
by
frunt
and
flancke
,
with
their
Piques
bent
against
their
Enemies
,
may
altogether
giue
a
greater
blowe
to
the
repulsing
either
of
horsemen
or
footemen
,
than
if
they
were
of
diuerse
lengths
like
Organe
pipes
,
and
thereby
become
of
lesse
force
and
resistance
.
Besides
that
,
it
is
a
verie
vncomelie
sight
to
see
a
square
of
Piquers
enlarged
in
their
ranckes
to
march
,
that
the
but-endes
of
their
piques
through
their
disequalitie
of
length
,
should
disorderlie
precede
one
another
.
All
which
being
neglected
and
contemned
by
our
such
men
of
warre
,
is
by
the
Almanes
,
Zwitzers
,
Spaniards
,
and
other
Nations
skilfull
in
the
Arte
Militarie
,
greatlie
regarded
.
Halbards
of
the
Italian
fashion
,
Now
,
some
of
our
such
men
of
warre
that
were
of
great
offices
and
charge
vnder
the
Earle
of
Leicester
,
that
was
Lieutenant
Generall
of
the
Queenes
Armie
at
Tilburie
this
last
sommer
1588.
seeing
the
Essex
regiment
of
4000.
footmen
reduced
into
great
bands
of
400.500
.
and
600.
to
an
Ensigne
,
vnder
the
charge
and
gouernment
of
Knights
and
Esquires
of
great
worship
,
discretion
,
and
desire
to
doo
seruice
to
their
Prince
&
Countrie
,
they
perswaded
him
with
great
vehemencie
,
that
it
was
verie
meete
and
conuenient
that
all
that
whole
regiment
should
bee
reduced
into
bands
of
150.
soldiers
to
an
Ensigne
,
When
the
great
Princes
of
Germanie
,
vppon
anie
occasion
or
iniurie
offered
,
are
disposed
to
make
warre
one
against
another
,
or
vpon
an
imperiall
Armie
assembled
to
inuade
,
or
resist
the
Turke
,
being
bound
(
as
they
are
)
by
their
tenures
Militarie
to
the
Empire
,
some
to
finde
horsemen
,
and
others
to
finde
footmen
at
their
owne
charges
,
they
then
vpon
such
occasions
haue
alwaies
vsed
,
and
do
still
vse
,
to
forme
their
regiments
of
footmen
into
great
bands
of
500.
to
an
Ensigne
,
and
that
they
vse
especiallie
for
two
causes
,
the
one
thereby
in
their
regiments
,
and
so
consequentlie
in
their
whole
Armies
to
saue
the
pay
of
a
great
sort
of
Captaines
,
Almanes
,
that
either
the
King
of
Spaine
,
or
the
French
King
haue
hired
and
imployed
anie
waies
in
their
warres
,
haue
been
but
of
300.
to
an
Ensigne
,
which
is
verie
true
;
howbeit
the
cause
thereof
hath
been
,
that
when
such
Princes
haue
occasion
to
employ
anie
Mercinarie
regiments
of
Almanes
,
Germanie
,
to
hire
so
manie
Coronells
as
they
will
haue
Regiments
,
in
case
that
they
had
none
before
in
their
ordinarie
stipends
and
pay
;
and
those
Coronells
doo
make
choise
of
Captaines
for
the
leauie
of
their
Regiments
,
at
their
owne
pleasures
,
and
therefore
will
accept
of
no
Captaines
,
but
of
such
as
will
compound
with
them
and
buy
their
Captainship
,
so
as
the
more
bands
the
more
Captaines
,
and
the
more
Captaines
the
more
compositions
and
profite
;
which
peraduenture
was
the
cause
that
moued
some
chiefe
officer
,
or
officers
vnder
the
Earle
(
as
imitators
of
the
Almane
Mercenaries
)
to
perswade
him
to
reduce
all
the
great
and
honorable
bands
aforesaid
,
into
little
bands
of
150.
or
200.
thereby
to
haue
the
more
compositions
and
sommes
of
monie
at
our
Lowe
Countrie
Captains
hands
,
some
of
the
which
would
not
let
to
giue
largelie
to
obtaine
Companies
,
intending
after
by
fleecing
and
ransoming
of
their
soldiers
being
men
of
wealth
,
to
pay
themselues
againe
with
great
interest
,
which
two
or
three
daies
before
the
breaking
vp
of
the
Campe
,
they
verie
pretilie
did
begin
.
Howbeit
,
it
seemeth
that
such
great
Officers
and
perswaders
,
had
little
regarde
to
the
profite
of
the
Prince
,
nor
yet
to
the
reducing
of
the
Armie
with
celeritie
and
dexteritie
into
squadrons
and
battailes
,
and
other
formes
Militarie
as
aforesaid
,
considering
that
those
small
bands
of
150.
or
200.
soldiers
to
an
Ensigne
,
did
consist
of
fiue
different
sorts
of
weapons
,
viz.
Piques
,
Battleaxes
,
Mosquets
,
Harquebuzes
,
and
Long
Bowes
,
and
that
therefore
euerie
one
of
them
was
to
bee
reduced
into
fiue
diuers
diuisions
,
which
besides
the
vncomely
sight
to
see
so
many
small
compertiments
in
euerie
such
little
band
,
it
would
haue
required
a
farre
longer
time
vpon
the
dailie
&
ordinarie
dislodging
of
an
Armie
reduced
into
Vaward
,
Battle
,
and
Rereward
,
to
haue
drawne
out
so
great
a
number
of
compertiments
out
of
such
a
number
of
little
bands
,
than
out
of
bands
of
500.
to
haue
drawne
a
few
great
compertiments
,
and
to
haue
encorporated
and
reduced
them
into
anie
forme
Militarie
.
Now
,
whereas
our
such
men
of
warre
perswaded
with
the
Earle
,
that
the
Enemie
would
iudge
the
greatnes
of
the
Armie
by
the
greatnes
of
the
number
of
Ensignes
,
and
therfore
redoubt
the
more
,
&
that
by
the
number
of
such
little
bands
vnder
so
manie
trained
Captains
,
the
Armie
should
be
so
much
the
more
full
of
men
of
seruice
,
it
argueth
the
insufficiencie
and
lack
of
iudgment
of
such
perswaders
.
For
there
is
no
Enemie
skilfull
in
the
Arte
Militarie
,
that
will
iudge
of
the
greatnes
or
smalnes
of
an
Armie
in
the
field
,
by
the
great
or
small
number
of
Ensignes
or
peeces
of
Taffata
,
but
by
the
frunts
and
flancks
of
the
squadrons
marching
,
and
chieflie
by
good
espialls
,
or
by
prisoners
taken
.
And
as
for
the
dismissing
and
cassing
of
the
Knights
and
Esquiers
that
were
Captains
of
such
honorable
Companies
,
that
such
Lowe
Countrie
Captaines
might
haue
supplied
their
places
,
vpon
the
diuiding
of
those
great
bands
into
hundreds
and
fifties
,
or
into
two
hundreds
,
I
thinke
it
had
been
a
great
deale
more
meete
for
the
reasons
before
alledged
,
that
all
the
whole
Armie
(
if
it
had
been
farre
greater
than
it
was
)
for
the
defence
of
the
realme
,
should
haue
been
reduced
into
great
bands
of
fiue
hundreds
,
vnder
the
charge
of
Knights
and
Esquiers
,
well
chosen
,
and
of
great
worship
in
their
Countries
,
and
that
a
great
part
of
our
such
Lowe
Countrie
Captaines
(
〈◊〉
neuer
knewe
what
discipline
Militarie
ment
,
nor
yet
what
it
is
to
command
and
gouerne
,
as
it
may
well
appeare
by
their
infinite
disorders
in
the
Lowe
Countries
)
should
haue
been
distributed
,
and
placed
throughout
those
great
bands
as
Sergeants
,
or
Ensigne
bearers
vnder
such
discreet
and
worshipfull
Gentlemen
,
to
the
intent
that
they
might
first
learne
to
obey
,
before
they
should
haue
authoritie
to
commaund
and
gouerne
the
Yeomanrie
of
England
.
Now
,
whereas
I
haue
heard
of
some
of
our
auncient
and
most
sufficient
Captaines
,
that
our
English
milicia
of
footmen
manie
yeares
past
,
did
consist
of
bands
but
of
100.
to
an
Ensigne
;
and
that
I
haue
likewise
heard
by
diuers
old
and
notable
Captaines
Italians
,
that
the
Italian
milicia
also
before
the
Emperour
Charles
,
as
also
in
the
beginning
of
his
time
,
did
consist
of
bands
of
footmen
but
of
100.
to
an
Ensigne
,
and
that
those
bands
of
hundreds
did
consist
euerie
one
of
them
but
of
one
sort
of
weapon
,
as
amongst
the
Italians
of
a
hundred
Piques
,
(
sauing
that
of
that
number
there
were
a
verie
fewe
partisans
for
the
garding
of
their
Ensignes
)
and
of
a
hundred
Harquebuziers
:
so
our
bands
of
hundreds
did
also
consist
of
100.
Archers
,
&
of
100.
Battleaxes
,
without
composing
them
of
diuers
sorts
of
weapons
,
according
to
the
moderne
vse
,
which
certainlie
(
in
mine
opinion
,
sauing
onelie
for
the
encrease
of
the
charges
of
the
Prince
)
was
a
verie
conuenient
order
,
considering
that
euerie
sort
of
weapon
being
reduced
into
bands
by
themselues
,
without
compertiments
of
diuers
sorts
of
weapons
in
anie
one
band
(
vnles
it
had
been
of
Battleaxes
with
Piques
,
because
those
two
sorts
of
weapons
are
to
enter
into
the
bodie
of
a
squadron
)
would
haue
wrought
that
the
Sergeants
Maiors
,
and
other
Officers
of
the
field
,
might
with
great
facilitie
and
celeritie
haue
reduced
anie
meane
Armie
into
manie
formes
of
battailes
both
to
march
and
fight
,
as
also
that
they
might
haue
been
lodged
in
their
quarters
with
great
order
and
readines
in
a
Campe
,
or
Campes
formed
.
Now
,
whereas
our
such
men
of
warre
did
perswade
with
the
Earle
for
the
reducing
of
the
great
bands
of
footmen
into
small
companies
of
one
hundred
and
fiftie
(
as
is
before
declared
:
)
so
did
they
likewise
perswade
with
him
to
reduce
all
those
small
bands
into
little
Regiments
of
one
thousand
vnder
euerie
Coronell
;
France
,
and
the
Lowe
Countries
vnder
the
States
,
than
anie
reason
and
experience
Militarie
.
For
in
troth
,
bands
of
horsemen
and
footmen
,
of
which
Armies
doo
consist
,
were
at
the
first
reduced
into
Regiments
for
diuers
causes
,
and
chieflie
for
fiue
.
The
first
,
that
they
might
be
the
better
&
the
more
orderlie
gouerned
,
and
the
more
readie
vpon
all
occasions
to
be
commaunded
and
imployed
.
The
second
,
that
they
might
be
the
better
,
and
the
more
conuenientlie
lodged
in
their
quarters
.
The
third
,
that
they
might
bee
the
more
orderlie
and
readilie
placed
in
their
watches
,
bodies
of
watches
,
and
Centinells
.
The
fourth
,
that
they
might
for
the
defence
of
their
Camp
be
the
more
readilie
reduced
into
diuers
puissant
bodies
of
squadron
by
themselues
,
with
sleeues
and
wings
in
the
places
of
assemblie
.
And
the
fift
,
that
vpon
the
dislodging
of
an
Armie
reduced
into
Vaward
,
Battle
,
and
Rereward
,
diuers
Regiments
might
the
more
orderlie
and
readilie
incorporate
,
and
reduce
themselues
into
three
mightie
battailes
,
or
more
,
according
to
the
order
and
direction
of
the
Lieutenant
generall
,
or
high
Marshall
of
the
field
,
or
els
of
the
Sergeant
Maior
Maior
,
by
some
called
the
Sergeant
Maior
generall
.
Now
,
the
Launce-knights
Almanes
(
which
is
the
Nation
of
Christendome
most
skilfull
of
all
others
that
euer
I
sawe
,
to
performe
these
actions
and
effects
before
declared
,
with
manie
other
matters
Militarie
both
for
the
Campe
&
field
)
to
the
intent
to
performe
al
such
actions
with
the
more
celeritie
and
dexteritie
,
haue
vsed
of
great
antiquitie
to
forme
all
their
Regiments
of
footmen
of
tenne
Ensignes
to
euerie
Regiment
,
and
so
they
did
vse
manie
yeares
past
,
when
euerie
one
of
their
Regiments
did
consist
of
fiue
thousand
soldiers
,
at
which
time
their
bands
did
consist
of
fiue
hundred
to
euerie
Ensigne
.
And
of
later
yeares
they
reduced
their
Regiments
to
bee
of
foure
thousand
,
and
their
bands
to
be
of
foure
hundred
to
an
Ensigne
.
And
last
of
all
,
their
Regiments
to
bee
of
three
thousand
,
and
so
their
bands
to
bee
of
three
hundred
to
euerie
Companie
,
which
doth
at
this
present
continue
,
vnles
it
bee
in
the
publique
seruices
of
the
Empire
against
the
common
Enemie
the
Turke
,
or
in
their
owne
priuate
seruices
,
as
is
before
declared
.
Now
,
if
our
such
perswaders
before
mentioned
were
of
so
great
consideration
and
iudgement
,
as
they
would
seeme
to
be
,
they
would
verie
well
know
that
great
Regiments
of
fiue
,
foure
,
or
three
thousands
that
doo
consist
of
great
bands
of
fiue
,
foure
,
or
three
hundreds
,
are
a
great
deale
more
readie
to
be
commaunded
and
gouerned
,
and
therewithall
to
performe
all
actions
Militarie
,
with
a
great
deale
more
celeritie
and
dexteritie
,
than
if
they
were
reduced
into
little
Regiments
of
thousands
,
&
small
bands
of
hundreds
and
fifties
.
And
that
may
be
with
great
facilitie
considered
by
the
like
comparisons
and
reasons
,
which
I
haue
before
alleaged
,
that
great
bands
of
fiue
hundreds
,
and
so
consequentlie
by
the
like
reasons
of
foure
or
three
hundreds
are
more
readie
to
bee
reduced
into
forme
,
and
imployed
in
all
important
seruices
with
more
celeritie
&
dexteritie
,
than
small
bands
of
hundreds
and
fifties
,
or
two
hundreds
are
:
Besides
all
which
,
by
forming
of
such
small
Regiments
of
one
thousand
,
the
Prince
doth
consume
a
farre
greater
pay
,
than
by
forming
of
great
Regiments
of
fiue
,
foure
,
or
three
thousand
,
by
reason
of
the
great
number
of
officers
,
which
are
encreased
by
such
great
numbers
of
little
Regiments
.
And
for
further
proofe
and
confirmation
of
euerie
forementioned
particularitie
,
I
were
able
to
alleadge
manie
more
reasons
,
if
it
were
not
to
auoide
prolixitie
.
Howbeit
,
peraduenture
it
may
now
be
said
vnto
me
,
that
the
Tercios
of
the
Spaniards
that
haue
serued
manie
yeares
in
the
Lowe
Countries
,
doo
consist
some
of
them
but
of
twelue
hundred
,
and
others
of
fifteene
hundred
,
and
some
of
more
,
and
others
of
fewer
,
which
I
confesse
to
bee
true
,
but
that
hath
proceeded
of
this
,
that
they
are
not
entire
Tercios
,
nor
neuer
were
since
they
were
drawne
out
of
such
principalities
where
they
before
were
resident
,
as
for
example
:
when
the
Duke
of
Alba
was
to
come
out
of
Italie
with
his
Armie
,
to
suppresse
the
intestine
tumults
of
the
Lowe
Countries
,
the
whole
Tercios
of
Sicilie
,
Naples
,
Sarden●a
,
and
Lumbardy
were
not
drawne
out
of
those
gouernments
,
but
certen
great
parts
of
them
,
which
notwithstanding
were
called
by
the
names
of
Tercios
,
with
additions
of
the
names
of
the
gouernments
&
principalities
from
whence
they
came
,
as
though
they
had
bin
entire
,
whereas
in
troth
they
were
but
certen
great
parts
of
those
Tercios
.
For
a
Tercio
is
not
to
bee
holden
for
compleate
of
anie
smaller
number
than
of
3000.
soldiers
,
according
to
the
ordinarie
regiments
of
Italians
,
Wallons
,
and
other
Nations
that
are
in
these
daies
of
the
like
number
.
Caliuers
and
Mosquets
for
seruices
in
the
field
they
extoll
and
magnifie
,
Now
,
for
answere
to
some
of
these
vnsoldierlike
opinions
,
I
say
,
that
if
anie
such
as
doo
hold
that
wonderfull
opinion
of
the
effects
of
Mosquettiers
(
how
good
soldiers
soeuer
they
thinke
themselues
)
were
at
anie
Hauen
in
England
with
fiue
or
sixe
thousand
of
the
best
Mosquettiers
that
they
euer
saw
of
our
English
nation
,
without
〈…〉
of
horsemen
and
footmen
of
other
weapons
to
backe
them
,
I
thinke
they
would
worke
verie
small
effect
against
the
Enemie
landing
,
although
they
had
ensconsed
themselues
(
as
they
terme
it
)
in
such
Sconses
as
they
and
their
Enginers
formed
this
last
sommer
1588.
vppon
the
Sea
coasts
of
Suffolke
,
and
in
Essex
and
Kent
,
on
both
sides
of
the
riuer
of
Thames
.
For
if
they
should
see
a
Nauie
with
an
Armie
of
thirtie
or
fortie
thousand
men
(
besides
seamen
,
and
such
as
should
be
left
for
the
gard
of
the
shipps
)
vnder
some
notable
and
sufficient
General
enter
into
anie
capable
Hauen
of
England
,
with
wind
and
weather
fit
for
their
purpose
,
with
intention
to
inuade
(
which
God
forbid
)
they
should
finde
themselues
in
their
opinions
wonderfullie
deceiued
.
For
this
they
are
to
knowe
,
that
such
a
Generall
being
with
his
whole
Nauie
entred
into
such
a
Hauen
,
doth
take
order
before
,
that
proclamation
be
made
throughout
all
his
shipps
and
vessells
,
that
no
man
vpon
paine
of
death
being
landed
,
shall
straggle
or
stray
abroad
,
but
all
soldiers
to
reduce
themselues
with
all
celeritie
vnder
their
Ensignes
;
which
done
,
a
Cannon
is
discharged
out
of
the
Generalls
ship
,
which
is
a
warning
for
all
Captaines
,
Officers
and
Soldiers
to
arme
themselues
and
to
take
their
weapons
.
And
vppon
the
second
Cannon
discharged
,
the
Captaines
,
and
Ensign-bearers
with
their
Ensignes
in
their
hands
,
with
such
conuenient
numbers
of
Mosquettiers
,
Harquebuziers
,
Piquers
,
and
Halbarders
,
as
the
long
boates
,
Shallops
,
Fregatts
,
Azabres
,
and
other
such
vessells
of
oares
lying
readie
at
the
shipps
sides
are
capable
of
,
doo
enter
into
them
,
euerie
long
boate
hauing
two
Bases
afore-ship
readie
charged
,
and
gunners
readie
to
discharge
them
.
Then
vpon
the
third
Cannon
discharged
,
all
the
long
boates
and
vessells
of
oares
for
the
landing
of
men
,
do
rowe
with
all
furie
towards
the
land
with
a
wonderfull
terrible
noise
of
trompets
&
drommes
.
Now
,
if
our
such
men
of
warre
with
their
Mosquettiers
would
giue
their
volees
of
Mosquet
shot
vppon
these
shipboates
full
of
men
,
with
intent
to
destroye
great
numbers
of
them
being
so
thicke
and
so
manie
,
they
shall
finde
that
discharging
their
Mosquet
shot
from
higher
grounds
downwards
into
the
sea
,
which
by
the
Italians
are
called
Botti
di
ficco
,
accompted
of
all
other
dischargings
most
vncertaine
,
as
also
by
the
ouermuch
distance
,
and
continuall
motion
of
the
ship-boates
rowing
,
and
with
the
swelling
of
the
salt
water
(
how
calme
soeuer
it
bee
)
made
more
vncertaine
,
they
shall
shoote
verie
vncertainlie
,
&
therefore
work
verie
little
or
no
effect
to
the
destroying
of
their
enemies
,
or
anie
waies
to
keepe
them
from
landing
.
Besides
that
,
the
Enemies
out
of
such
their
shipps
as
are
neerest
vnto
them
,
will
discharge
Cannon
,
Culuerin
and
Saker
shot
to
the
terrifying
of
them
;
so
as
their
ship-boates
in
despight
of
their
Mosquets
comming
to
land
,
and
they
presentlie
sending
certen
troupes
of
Harquebuziers
,
with
some
Halbarders
vnder
their
conductors
,
to
skirmish
and
entertaine
the
Mosquettiers
,
whilest
the
Piquers
and
other
weapons
doo
reduce
themselues
into
forme
vnder
their
Ensignes
,
they
shall
finde
in
the
space
of
three
or
foure
houres
aboue
twelue
or
fifteene
thousand
men
landed
;
who
then
taking
some
ground
of
aduantage
to
fortifie
,
and
to
place
their
victuall
,
powder
,
and
all
sorts
of
munitions
,
they
with
all
speede
possible
do
proceed
to
the
landing
of
their
Artillerie
and
Munitions
,
with
all
the
rest
of
their
Armie
both
of
horsemen
and
footmen
.
Which
being
by
them
performed
,
they
presentlie
make
their
approach
vpon
their
indented
Sconce
,
not
with
anie
crooked
or
crosse
trenches
,
gabions
,
nor
mounts
,
according
to
the
order
of
approaching
,
and
battering
of
places
in
forme
fortified
,
but
with
other
inuentions
gardable
against
Mosquet
shot
(
that
peraduenture
our
such
men
of
warre
are
ignorant
of
)
as
also
with
Mosquet
and
Harquebuze
shot
,
with
piques
,
and
halfe
piques
,
swords
and
targets
,
and
with
ladders
if
it
be
needful
,
in
such
terrible
sort
,
as
that
great
number
of
our
vnskilfull
Mosquettiers
and
Caliuerers
within
their
Sconce
,
would
be
found
scarse
able
to
abide
the
first
charge
and
assault
,
seeing
so
puissant
an
Enemie
landed
.
And
I
doubt
rather
when
they
should
see
with
what
terrour
the
Enemies
doo
approach
the
land
,
and
the
small
annoyance
that
they
with
their
Mosquet
shot
should
worke
vppon
them
,
that
they
would
scarse
abide
the
landing
of
the
first
boates
full
of
soldiers
,
without
abandoning
both
Sconce
and
shore
to
the
Enemie
.
And
whereas
our
such
men
of
warre
the
last
sommer
had
manie
deuises
in
their
heads
of
ensconcing
of
Sconces
for
the
defence
of
diuers
Hauens
;
England
,
and
those
of
Holland
,
Frizeland
,
and
other
such
low
and
flat
Countries
full
of
riuers
,
great
ditches
,
marishes
,
and
wet
grounds
,
where
they
may
ensconce
themselues
with
small
cost
within
little
Ilands
,
or
vpon
poynts
&
meetings
of
riuers
▪
or
elswhere
,
by
the
opening
of
sluces
and
dykes
,
or
cutting
of
banckes
and
trenches
,
they
may
enuiron
themselues
with
water
on
euerie
side
.
The
best
sort
of
which
Sconces
being
more
strong
by
nature
and
scituation
,
than
by
anie
arte
or
forme
of
fortification
,
may
in
those
parts
resist
and
hold
out
a
weake
or
an
vnskilfull
Enemie
some
long
while
:
but
such
their
ensconcings
in
the
drie
grounds
vpon
the
Hauens
of
England
,
are
to
small
purpose
to
hold
out
a
puissant
Enemie
,
if
he
should
land
,
or
anie
waies
to
keepe
him
from
landing
.
And
therfore
I
conclude
,
that
such
fortifications
in
England
are
verie
skornes
and
mockeries
,
and
would
be
rather
profitable
for
the
Enemie
landed
,
than
anie
waies
to
annoy
or
to
resist
the
Enemie
.
Besides
all
which
before
alleaged
,
it
is
further
to
bee
noted
,
that
a
puissant
and
mightie
Enemie
that
in
the
time
of
sommer
intendeth
the
inuasion
of
forraine
dominions
by
sea
,
to
the
intent
to
giue
battaile
and
subdue
,
doth
not
alwaies
binde
himselfe
to
land
his
Armie
in
a
Hauen
,
but
sometimes
vpon
an
open
coast
and
shoare
,
if
the
sea
(
without
hidden
rockes
and
flatts
)
be
deepe
,
and
the
wind
and
weather
faire
,
hauing
commoditie
by
the
depth
of
the
sea
to
approach
his
Nauie
,
and
to
cast
ancker
in
open
roade
,
neere
vnto
a
commodious
shoare
&
countrie
to
land
and
march
vpon
.
So
as
it
behoueth
all
such
Princes
,
as
doubt
the
inuasion
of
their
dominions
by
sea
,
not
onlie
to
expect
and
prouide
for
the
resisting
of
the
Enemie
in
their
Ports
and
Hauens
,
but
also
to
haue
as
great
regard
to
some
such
open
and
commodious
shoares
,
as
are
before
mentioned
.
Which
cannot
be
performed
〈◊〉
with
ensconcing
of
Sconces
,
〈…〉
,
but
onelie
with
a
great
and
extraordinarie
wisedome
,
and
with
the
valiant
hands
of
a
puissant
Armie
and
Campe
formed
.
Now
,
whereas
they
attribute
such
excellencie
vnto
Mosquettiers
with
their
Mosquets
,
that
being
in
great
numbers
,
and
backed
with
some
squadrons
of
Piques
,
Charles
,
and
Henrie
the
French
Kings
times
,
to
flank
a
square
of
Launces
,
and
to
giue
a
volee
at
another
square
of
Launces
their
enemies
,
and
they
did
vse
to
weare
halfe
cuirasses
,
with
rests
of
yron
,
to
pull
forward
or
put
backward
,
to
discharge
their
Mosquets
from
.
but
chieflie
on
foote
,
but
neuer
in
anie
great
number
vntill
the
Duke
of
Alba
came
to
gouerne
the
Lowe
Countries
;
who
greatlie
encreased
the
number
of
that
weapon
for
soldiers
on
foote
.
To
the
which
encrease
of
Mosquettiers
he
long
before
had
perswaded
with
the
Emperour
Charles
,
howbeit
he
could
neuer
bring
it
to
passe
,
because
there
were
diuers
great
&
notable
Captaines
,
such
as
the
Marquesse
of
Guast
,
Don
Fernando
Gonzaga
,
Iuan
Baptista
Castaldo
,
Antonio
Dorea
,
and
the
Marquesse
of
Marin●an
,
with
diuers
other
principall
men
of
his
councell
of
warre
,
that
did
vtterlie
mislike
the
encreasement
of
that
weapon
for
the
field
,
as
too
burdensome
and
heauie
for
soldiers
to
vse
in
battailes
or
great
encounters
;
but
for
within
townes
besieged
,
or
out
of
trenches
against
places
fortified
,
they
did
greatlie
allow
of
them
:
But
the
Duke
at
this
time
being
Lieutenant
generall
and
absolute
Gouernour
in
the
Lowe
Countries
(
as
aforesaid
)
seeing
the
numbers
of
Rutters
in
all
Armies
encreased
,
and
that
the
most
of
those
Rutters
,
as
also
that
manie
Captaines
and
Officers
of
footmen
were
armed
at
the
proofe
of
the
Harquebuze
,
he
to
the
intent
to
frustrate
the
resistance
of
their
armours
,
did
encrease
his
numbers
of
Mosquettiers
,
the
blowes
of
the
bullets
of
which
,
no
armours
wearable
can
resist
.
And
this
I
haue
heard
of
diuers
auncient
Captaines
both
Italians
and
Spaniards
,
who
did
rather
allowe
of
the
opinion
of
those
great
Captaines
,
than
of
the
Duke
of
Albas
so
great
encreasing
of
that
weapon
.
Since
whose
time
the
Duke
of
Parma
after
the
death
of
the
Commendador
and
Don
Iuan
d'
Austria
,
being
appoynted
by
the
King
of
Spaine
to
bee
Lieutenant
generall
and
gouernour
there
,
seeing
the
greatest
part
of
the
Lowe
Countries
reuolted
,
and
lost
through
Don
Iuan
d'
Austrias
composition
;
&
that
he
was
therfore
to
recouer
citie
after
citie
,
and
towne
after
towne
,
because
they
were
all
fortified
more
or
lesse
,
and
that
when
he
had
won
them
,
he
must
keepe
&
defend
them
with
garrisons
;
for
the
which
two
effects
of
winning
&
defending
of
townes
&
places
fortified
,
that
kind
of
weapon
being
verie
excellent
,
he
encreased
his
Mosquettiers
to
a
farre
greater
number
(
as
I
haue
heard
)
than
the
Duke
of
Alba
euer
had
.
Howbeit
,
I
knowe
that
the
Duke
of
Alba
had
more
cause
to
vse
Mosquettiers
in
seruices
of
the
field
vpon
diuers
occasions
,
than
anie
of
his
successors
gouernours
of
those
Prouinces
euer
had
,
by
reason
of
the
often
inuasions
of
Counte
Lodowick
,
the
Prince
of
Orange
,
and
others
;
and
therefore
he
being
(
as
he
was
)
a
great
Captaine
,
and
of
great
experience
and
skill
in
all
discipline
and
science
Militarie
,
did
vse
to
conferre
with
his
Coronells
,
and
Maestros
de
Campo
,
and
Sergeants
Maiors
of
the
vse
of
all
weapons
in
their
due
times
and
places
,
and
of
their
distances
in
euerie
sort
,
as
of
verie
important
matters
belonging
to
the
Arte
Militarie
;
in
such
wise
as
there
was
not
anie
Captaine
,
Alferez
,
Sergeant
of
band
,
or
Cabo
de
Esquadra
,
that
did
not
knowe
(
both
by
instruction
and
practise
)
the
particular
operations
and
effects
of
all
weapons
,
and
chieflie
of
the
Mosquet
and
Harquebuze
,
in
which
two
weapons
the
Spaniards
haue
been
accompted
of
manie
yeares
to
bee
most
perfect
and
skilfull
,
in
such
sort
as
there
were
not
anie
Captaines
or
Leaders
in
his
Milicia
so
ignorant
,
that
would
permit
their
Mosquettiers
to
giue
anie
volees
from
their
restes
,
either
at
horsemen
or
footmen
in
march
,
or
anie
motion
,
aboue
8.
or
10.
scores
at
the
farthest
,
because
they
knewe
(
both
by
instruction
and
experience
)
that
with
that
weapon
(
being
for
diuers
causes
verie
vncertaine
)
they
should
in
discharging
farther
of
,
haue
wrought
verie
small
or
none
effect
to
the
anoyance
of
their
Enemies
.
For
although
the
Mosquet
ranforced
and
well
charged
with
good
powder
,
would
carrie
a
full
bullet
poynt
and
blancke
24.
or
30.
scores
,
de
man
puesto
(
as
the
Spaniards
call
it
.
)
By
which
reasons
and
experiences
of
the
vse
of
that
weapon
in
the
field
,
the
lacke
of
experience
and
iudgement
in
our
such
men
of
warre
,
that
talke
of
24.
or
20.
scores
like
nouices
and
Vison̄os
,
may
verie
euidentlie
appeare
and
giue
occasion
to
anie
such
as
haue
seene
the
true
effects
thereof
,
to
thinke
that
they
neuer
sawe
anie
important
matter
performed
with
that
kind
of
weapon
in
the
field
.
Now
,
whereas
they
giue
so
great
commendation
to
the
Caliuer
,
that
with
that
kind
of
weapon
soldiers
may
giue
volees
of
shot
in
the
plaine
fields
10.
or
12.
scores
off
,
to
the
great
annoyance
both
of
horsemen
and
footmen
;
To
that
I
answere
,
that
it
is
a
verie
vnsoldierlike
opinion
,
and
contrarie
to
all
experience
and
vse
of
old
soldiers
,
and
chieflie
of
the
old
bands
of
Italians
,
Spaniards
,
&
Wallons
,
who
by
long
experience
do
better
knowe
what
effects
both
Harquebuzes
and
Mosquets
of
all
heighthes
doo
work
,
than
they
doo
.
And
because
that
by
continuall
experience
they
know
the
wonderfull
vncertaintie
of
those
kinds
of
weapons
in
the
field
,
they
will
neuer
skirmish
,
nor
otherwise
giue
anie
volee
aboue
10.20.30
.
or
40.
paces
off
at
the
farthest
,
although
it
bee
at
a
whole
squadron
or
troupe
of
horsemen
or
footmen
:
sauing
that
true
it
is
,
that
the
old
soldiers
Harquebuziers
Spaniards
,
seeing
their
enemies
in
the
field
some
8.9
.
or
10.
scores
off
,
by
the
commandement
of
their
officers
doo
sometimes
giue
a
verie
fewe
shot
at
their
enemies
,
with
no
other
intent
but
to
abuse
and
procure
them
to
giue
their
volees
with
all
furie
,
that
thereby
they
may
spend
their
powder
and
bullets
,
heate
their
peeces
,
and
worke
no
effect
,
whereby
they
still
keeping
the
force
of
their
shot
,
may
after
giue
their
whole
volees
at
their
enemies
,
approaching
within
10.15
.
or
20.
paces
;
and
for
that
effect
the
Spaniards
doo
vse
this
phrase
;
discharge
a
farre
of
,
to
draw
on
,
and
deceiue
dotterells
.
disparese
de
lexos
,
para
atraher
,
y
engannar
bobos
,
which
our
such
men
of
warre
may
truelie
confesse
,
if
euer
they
sawe
,
and
encountred
with
anie
puissant
numbers
of
those
Nations
in
the
field
.
Now
,
because
they
doo
so
much
mistake
the
effects
of
those
two
weapons
of
fire
,
the
Mosquet
and
Caliuer
,
attributing
such
excellencie
vnto
them
for
the
field
,
as
is
not
to
be
performed
with
them
,
thereby
to
bring
our
Magistrates
,
and
the
better
sort
of
our
people
&
Nation
into
misliking
of
our
ancient
weapon
the
Long
Bowe
,
wishing
the
vtter
extinguishing
of
that
kind
of
weapon
as
vnprofitable
and
of
none
effect
for
the
warrs
of
these
our
daies
,
I
will
set
down
the
perfections
and
imperfections
both
of
the
Mosquet
,
Caliuer
and
the
Long
Bowe
,
attributing
vnto
each
one
of
them
the
true
effects
,
that
by
common
experience
and
reason
haue
been
,
and
may
be
wrought
with
euerie
sort
of
them
in
the
field
,
that
by
comparing
the
perfections
,
imperfections
,
and
effects
of
the
soldiers
,
and
their
weapons
of
fire
,
with
the
perfections
,
imperfections
,
and
effects
of
the
Archers
&
their
Bowes
,
all
men
of
consideration
and
iudgement
(
bee
they
soldiers
or
men
of
peace
)
may
iudge
which
of
those
three
sorts
of
weapons
are
of
greatest
effect
for
battailes
and
great
encounters
,
and
other
actions
in
the
field
,
and
not
in
places
fortified
.
And
therefore
beginning
with
Harquebuzes
,
by
many
miscalled
Caliuers
:
which
Harquebuzes
if
they
bee
well
ranforced
,
and
the
Cannons
of
them
not
aboue
a
yard
in
length
,
and
the
bore
&
bullets
not
too
great
,
with
stocks
of
good
forme
,
I
think
them
to
be
verie
maniable
weapons
,
for
such
soldiers
as
are
well
practised
,
Harquebuziers
also
being
reduced
into
wings
,
and
little
squares
and
troupes
in
the
field
,
aduanced
and
retired
with
some
societies
,
or
Cameradas
of
loose
shot
are
of
good
effect
for
skirmishes
against
the
like
weapons
,
and
against
Mosquettiers
,
so
that
they
be
backed
with
Piques
,
Halbards
,
or
Battleaxes
,
and
that
in
that
kind
of
action
,
they
doo
not
discharge
their
peeces
aboue
thirtie
,
fortie
,
or
fiftie
yards
,
or
three
score
at
the
most
,
and
that
with
great
order
and
discretion
.
And
these
are
the
chiefe
effects
of
that
kind
of
weapon
.
Now
,
as
for
Mosquettiers
with
their
long
ranforced
and
heauie
peeces
of
great
munition
and
bullet
,
they
doo
worke
verie
good
effect
in
the
like
places
and
seasons
,
sauing
that
they
are
not
to
be
imployed
as
loose
shot
in
skirmishes
:
howbeit
,
the
verie
proper
and
apt
places
for
Mosquettiers
in
the
field
,
is
to
be
reduced
into
sleeues
,
wings
,
broad
squares
or
troupes
,
to
flancke
a
〈…〉
of
armed
men
,
or
to
defend
a
straight
.
All
Harquebuziers
in
skirmishes
,
or
great
encounters
,
or
being
reduced
into
anie
forme
,
doo
commonlie
discharge
their
peeces
without
taking
anie
certeine
sight
at
poynt
and
blanck
,
and
out
of
their
poynt
and
blancke
they
doo
neither
kill
nor
hurt
,
〈…〉
If
Harquebuziers
also
or
Mosquettiers
in
taking
their
sights
,
doo
faile
but
the
length
of
a
wheate
corne
in
the
heighth
of
their
point
and
blancke
,
If
the
powder
also
with
the
which
they
are
charged
bee
not
well
corned
,
and
with
sufficient
quantitie
of
saltpeter
,
and
kept
verie
drie
,
it
furreth
the
peeces
,
and
carrieth
the
bullets
poynt
and
blanke
but
a
little
way
,
and
manie
times
goe
not
off
at
all
.
The
match
also
if
it
bee
not
of
verie
good
substance
,
well
wrought
,
and
verie
well
twisted
,
and
kept
verie
drie
,
whereby
the
cole
of
the
same
may
be
hard
and
good
,
it
giueth
no
fire
to
the
touchpowder
;
besides
that
,
if
the
touchpowder
bee
not
drie
it
taketh
no
fire
,
how
good
soeuer
the
cole
of
the
match
be
.
The
Harquebuziers
and
Mosquettiers
also
,
charging
their
peeces
in
anie
actions
of
the
field
,
if
in
mouing
or
trauersing
their
grounds
,
they
do
not
looke
well
to
the
keeping
vp
of
the
mouthes
of
their
peeces
,
but
that
by
anie
chaunce
the
ends
of
them
doo
goe
anie
thing
downward
,
the
bullets
that
are
smaller
by
〈◊〉
boare
than
the
heighth
of
the
cannons
of
their
peeces
,
doo
fall
to
the
ground
;
wherevpon
it
happeneth
,
that
manie
Harquebuziers
and
Mosquettiers
thrusting
nothing
after
their
bullets
to
keep
them
close
to
the
powder
,
doo
in
vaine
discharge
the
powder
without
the
bullets
.
Also
if
harquebuziers
or
mosquettiers
do
not
continually
keepe
their
peeces
cleane
without
moysture
or
rust
,
and
also
take
great
heed
that
they
do
not
ouercharge
them
,
they
either
put
their
peeces
in
hazard
of
breaking
,
or
els
themselues
to
bee
ouerthrowne
with
the
reculing
of
them
.
Or
if
Harquebuziers
or
Mosquettiers
in
charging
their
peeces
,
do
not
charge
them
with
conuenient
and
full
charges
,
and
chieflie
the
Harquebuziers
,
and
that
the
powder
bee
verie
good
and
drie
,
as
also
that
they
doo
with
their
scouring
stickes
thrust
either
paper
or
felt
,
or
something
els
betweene
the
powder
and
the
bullets
,
or
at
the
least
after
the
bullets
,
whereby
the
whole
charges
of
powder
being
restrained
may
take
fire
,
and
giue
the
more
force
to
the
bullets
likewise
restrained
,
they
performe
but
smal
effect
;
for
such
Harquebuziers
and
Mosquettiers
,
as
charging
their
peeces
in
actions
of
the
field
,
doo
not
vse
to
put
anie
thing
betweene
the
powder
and
the
bullets
,
nor
yet
after
the
bullets
to
keepe
the
powder
and
bullets
firme
and
close
together
,
doo
discharge
much
of
the
powder
whole
out
of
the
mouthes
of
their
peeces
vnfired
,
vnlesse
the
powder
bee
merueilous
drie
and
good
;
for
bullets
for
the
field
being
smaller
and
lower
(
as
is
aforesaid
)
than
the
heighths
of
the
peeces
by
〈…〉
bore
,
the
first
powder
within
the
Cannons
next
vnto
the
touch
hole
taking
fire
,
doth
driue
out
the
bullets
,
with
the
powder
next
vnto
the
bullets
vnfired
,
because
that
both
the
powder
and
bullets
doo
lie
loose
vnrestrained
,
by
meanes
whereof
the
bullets
doo
neither
worke
that
effect
in
their
distances
of
point
and
blancke
,
that
otherwise
they
would
doo
,
nor
yet
in
the
force
of
their
blowes
.
Besides
all
which
defaults
&
defects
,
neither
the
Harquebuze
nor
the
Mosquet
in
wet
weather
in
the
field
doo
worke
anie
effect
.
All
which
so
manie
imperfections
of
Harquebuziers
and
Mosquettiers
(
as
are
before
declared
,
with
manie
others
that
I
omit
)
are
the
causes
that
vpon
manie
great
skirmishes
and
encounters
that
haue
been
verie
hot
,
and
continued
manie
houres
,
with
newe
supplies
on
euerie
side
,
it
hath
often
happened
,
that
in
discharging
on
both
sides
manie
thousands
of
bullets
within
three
,
foure
,
or
fiue
scores
,
and
neerer
,
there
hath
not
been
on
both
sides
slaine
and
hurt
with
bullets
thirtie
men
,
And
now
hauing
before
in
this
discourse
declared
all
the
greatest
and
most
perfect
effects
of
Harquebuziers
and
Mosquettiers
for
seruices
in
the
field
,
and
but
a
part
of
the
imperfections
of
them
,
and
their
weapons
of
fire
;
because
there
are
many
more
,
which
for
breuities
sake
I
haue
omitted
,
and
that
I
haue
last
of
all
declared
that
the
imperfections
of
the
Bowe
do
consist
onelie
in
the
breaking
of
the
Bowe
and
bow-string
;
because
that
Archers
,
if
they
bee
well
chosen
,
and
sound
of
limbes
,
their
weapons
doo
not
permit
anie
such
accidentall
imperfections
and
failings
in
them
,
as
the
forenamed
weapons
of
fire
doo
in
the
soldiers
that
doo
handle
and
vse
them
;
which
hath
alreadie
appeared
,
and
shall
after
in
this
discourse
bee
made
more
manifest
.
I
will
now
therefore
proceed
to
the
consideration
and
examining
of
three
most
important
things
,
To
the
first
I
think
,
that
there
is
no
man
of
any
experience
in
the
aforenamed
weapons
,
that
will
denie
,
but
that
Archers
are
able
to
discharge
foure
or
fiue
arrowes
apeece
,
before
the
Harquebuziers
shall
bee
readie
to
discharge
one
bullet
;
I
meane
the
Harquebuziers
beginning
to
charge
when
the
Archers
doo
begin
to
take
their
arrowes
to
shoote
.
The
reason
is
this
,
because
good
Harquebuziers
are
first
to
charge
their
peeces
with
powder
by
one
of
three
waies
:
the
first
(
which
is
best
)
is
out
of
the
mouthes
and
charges
of
their
flaskes
:
the
second
is
by
certeine
charges
filled
with
powder
,
which
Harquebuziers
doo
weare
,
or
carrie
diuers
waies
:
and
the
third
is
by
cartages
,
with
the
which
they
doo
charge
their
peeces
both
with
powder
and
bullet
all
at
one
time
,
and
yet
by
which
of
all
these
waies
soeuer
,
or
anie
other
they
do
charge
them
,
they
must
(
if
they
bee
good
Harquebuziers
)
vse
with
their
scouring
sticks
to
thrust
a
quantitie
of
paper
or
felt
,
or
something
els
both
before
,
but
chieflie
after
their
bullets
,
to
keepe
them
close
to
the
powder
;
to
the
intent
that
their
bullets
vpon
no
accidents
may
fall
out
,
or
at
least
lie
loose
vnrestrained
from
the
powder
,
as
also
that
their
peeces
may
carrie
the
further
poynt
and
blancke
,
and
their
bullets
giue
the
greater
blowes
;
which
done
,
they
must
presentlie
put
touchpowder
into
their
pans
,
and
their
matches
into
their
cocks
or
serpentines
;
al
which
to
performe
requireth
a
good
time
.
Whereas
the
Archers
in
the
field
continuallie
hauing
their
Bowes
bent
,
haue
no
more
to
doo
but
to
drawe
their
arrowes
out
of
their
cases
and
sheafes
,
to
nocke
them
in
their
Bowes
,
to
drawe
them
to
the
heads
and
shoote
;
all
which
is
performed
almost
in
an
instant
.
Now
to
the
second
;
Archers
haue
no
accidents
nor
impediments
to
hinder
them
from
the
performance
and
execution
of
their
dischargings
and
volees
,
whereby
they
should
anie
waies
faile
to
discharge
the
same
,
vnles
their
Bowes
or
bowstrings
should
breake
:
whereas
Harquebuziers
haue
not
onlie
the
same
let
,
in
case
their
peeces
by
ouercharging
,
or
ouerheating
,
or
crackes
,
or
rifts
,
doo
breake
,
but
also
if
that
through
the
negligence
of
the
Harquebuziers
,
the
powder
with
the
which
they
charge
their
peeces
,
by
anie
accident
haue
receiued
anie
wet
,
or
moysture
,
or
that
through
the
lacke
of
the
closenes
of
their
flaskes
,
the
ayre
of
some
moyst
weather
hath
penetrated
and
entered
into
the
flaskes
,
and
caused
the
powder
to
giue
and
danke
,
by
meanes
whereof
the
Harquebuziers
giuing
fire
with
their
matches
〈◊〉
serpentines
to
the
touchpowder
,
oftentimes
their
peeces
doo
not
discharge
,
or
sometimes
lieth
sissing
in
the
touchhole
or
peece
,
vntill
the
Harquebuziers
haue
lost
their
poynt
and
blanke
,
and
then
peraduenture
in
vaine
doo
goe
off
.
The
touchpowder
in
the
touch-boxes
also
,
if
either
by
the
negligence
of
the
Harquebuziers
(
as
aforesaid
)
or
by
the
fault
of
the
touch-boxes
,
through
the
moystnes
of
the
weather
,
the
powder
hath
giuen
,
and
become
dancke
,
then
oftentimes
the
powder
will
take
no
fire
;
whereby
the
Harquebuziers
doo
not
onlie
faile
of
their
dischargeings
,
but
also
become
vnprofitable
,
till
they
haue
dried
or
chaunged
the
same
.
Harquebuziers
and
Mosquettiers
also
in
powring
touchpowder
into
their
pannes
,
the
winde
(
if
it
bee
great
)
will
blowe
and
disperse
the
same
,
in
such
sort
,
that
they
shall
verie
often
faile
to
discharge
their
peeces
;
and
so
likewise
if
Harquebuziers
in
putting
their
matches
into
their
serpentines
do
faile
to
set
them
of
a
conuenient
length
,
that
therby
they
may
strike
iust
in
the
powder
and
pannes
,
but
that
they
doo
set
the
same
too
long
,
whereby
the
matches
,
if
they
be
anie
thing
too
lythe
,
do
hang
downeward
,
and
with
the
comming
downe
and
stroke
of
the
cockes
they
fall
double
and
short
of
the
pannes
and
powder
;
or
if
the
same
matches
by
anie
accident
haue
receiued
outwardlie
anie
wett
or
moisture
,
then
the
coales
doo
burne
inward
,
leauing
a
beard
outward
,
so
as
thereby
although
the
endes
thereof
doo
light
in
the
middest
of
the
pannes
and
powder
,
yet
the
same
doo
giue
no
fire
to
the
towchpowder
.
By
all
which
aforesaid
meanes
and
accidentes
,
with
diuers
others
both
Mosquettiers
and
Harquebuziers
,
do
faile
to
discharge
their
peeces
:
of
all
which
imperfections
and
other
accidentes
,
Archers
with
their
Bowes
are
voyde
.
So
as
by
all
reason
and
experience
,
it
is
most
manifest
that
Archers
are
foure
tymes
more
readie
to
giue
their
volees
of
arrowes
,
than
Harquebuziers
,
or
Mosquettiers
their
volees
of
bulletts
.
Besides
all
which
vnreadynesses
,
and
failings
before
mentioned
,
if
in
the
tyme
of
anie
battle
,
great
encountre
,
or
skirmish
,
the
weather
doth
happen
to
raine
,
haile
,
or
snow
,
the
aforenamed
weapons
of
fire
can
worke
no
effect
,
because
the
same
doth
not
onelie
wett
the
powder
in
their
pannes
and
touch
holes
,
but
also
doth
wet
the
match
,
put
out
,
or
at
least
dampe
the
fire
,
and
doth
marre
the
powder
in
their
flaskes
and
towchboxes
;
vnlesse
the
souldiours
haue
very
good
prouision
,
and
besides
;
be
wonderfull
carefull
with
their
saltenbergs
or
mandillions
to
encouer
and
preserue
the
same
.
Whereas
contrariwise
,
neither
haile
,
raine
,
nor
snowe
,
can
let
or
hinder
the
Archers
from
shooting
,
and
working
great
effects
with
their
arrowes
.
All
which
argueth
&
proueth
a
singular
aduantage
and
excellencie
of
Archers
and
their
weapons
,
aboue
al
Harquebuziers
and
Mosquettiers
with
their
weapons
of
fire
.
Now
,
peraduenture
some
not
skilled
in
the
perfections
and
imperfections
of
Harquebuziers
and
Mosquettiers
,
will
say
that
they
haue
seene
the
soldiers
of
those
weapons
of
fire
,
charge
and
discharge
with
a
great
deale
more
celeritie
than
I
haue
before
mentioned
;
whereunto
I
answer
,
that
although
it
be
verie
commendable
for
all
Harquebuziers
and
Mosquettiers
to
knowe
how
to
charge
and
discharge
apace
,
with
all
other
particularities
belonging
to
weapons
of
fire
,
yet
such
Harquebuziers
or
Mosquettiers
as
do
vse
to
charge
&
discharge
so
fast
,
are
the
worst
of
all
others
.
For
by
often
experience
,
such
soldiers
for
hast
do
commonly
charge
their
peeces
with
vncertaine
charges
of
powder
,
&
do
neither
vse
with
their
scouring
sticks
to
thrust
paper
nor
anie
thing
els
betwixt
their
powder
&
bullets
,
nor
yet
after
their
bullets
to
restraine
&
keepe
close
the
same
,
whereby
their
dischargings
against
the
enemie
might
be
the
more
effectuall
:
besides
that
,
in
their
dischargeings
,
they
take
no
kind
of
sight
at
poinct
&
blank
,
nor
yet
at
the
ends
of
their
peeces
,
but
doo
discharge
at
a
venture
;
wherby
it
commeth
to
passe
,
that
such
quick
and
hastie
Harquebuziers
,
doo
worke
no
other
effect
but
spend
powder
,
match
&
shot
,
and
heate
their
peeces
oftentimes
to
their
owne
mischiefes
;
and
therefore
(
in
troth
)
are
more
meete
to
scarre
Crowes
in
a
corne
field
(
vnles
they
reforme
themselues
)
than
with
anie
weapons
of
fire
to
be
employed
against
the
Enemie
.
And
now
to
the
third
,
and
last
;
which
is
,
whether
by
reason
and
common
experience
,
the
bullets
of
weapons
of
fire
in
the
field
,
or
the
arrowes
of
Archers
doo
annoye
the
Enemies
most
,
be
they
horsemen
or
footmen
.
I
thinke
it
superfluous
againe
to
reiterate
,
and
set
downe
the
different
aduauntages
and
chiefe
effects
of
Harquebuziers
,
Mosquettiers
,
and
Archers
;
because
I
haue
alreadie
made
them
so
manifest
,
as
also
that
the
Reader
hereafter
shall
see
in
manie
parts
of
this
discourse
diuers
reasons
,
&
manie
notable
examples
and
experiences
,
that
Archers
in
the
field
doo
farre
exceed
and
excell
all
Mosquettiers
and
Harquebuziers
in
terrifying
,
wounding
,
and
killing
both
horses
and
men
.
And
therefore
wil
onlie
in
this
place
answere
one
obiection
,
which
I
haue
diuers
times
heard
alleaged
in
commendation
of
the
effects
of
weapons
of
fire
,
and
the
dishabling
of
the
effects
of
Archers
,
and
that
is
;
there
are
manie
that
haue
reported
that
the
blowes
of
the
bullets
of
Mosquets
and
Harquebuziers
,
are
no
lesse
than
death
to
such
as
they
light
vpon
;
whereas
contrariwise
the
blowes
of
arrowes
doo
but
onelie
gall
,
or
lightlie
wound
:
which
in
troth
is
greatlie
mistaken
by
all
such
as
doo
hold
that
opinion
.
For
that
by
common
experience
it
hath
been
seene
in
all
skirmishes
and
great
encounters
,
that
for
euerie
one
that
hath
been
slaine
dead
in
the
field
by
the
shot
of
Mosquer
or
Harquebuze
,
there
haue
been
foure
that
haue
not
died
by
the
hurts
of
such
weapons
of
fire
,
although
some
of
them
haue
remained
euer
after
maimed
,
and
some
not
.
Whereas
by
true
experience
,
Archers
with
their
arrowes
doo
not
onlie
greatlie
wound
,
but
also
sometimes
kill
both
horses
and
men
,
in
such
sort
as
they
neuer
depart
out
of
the
field
aliue
,
as
it
shall
hereafter
appeare
by
diuers
auncient
as
also
moderne
examples
.
Besides
that
,
I
,
and
diuers
other
Gentlemen
of
our
Nation
yet
liuing
,
that
were
in
France
in
King
Edward
the
sixts
time
,
and
also
diuers
times
since
,
haue
manie
times
heard
French
Captaines
and
Gentlemen
,
attribute
al
the
former
victories
of
the
English
against
themselues
&
their
ancestors
the
French
,
more
to
the
effect
of
our
Archers
,
than
to
anie
extraordinarie
valiancie
of
our
Nation
;
and
therewithall
further
report
and
say
,
that
they
did
thinke
that
the
English
Archers
did
vse
to
poyson
their
arrowe
heads
;
Besides
all
which
,
it
is
to
bee
noted
,
that
horses
in
the
field
being
wounded
,
or
but
lightlie
hurt
with
arrowes
,
they
through
the
great
paine
that
vppon
euerie
motion
they
doo
feele
in
their
flesh
,
vaines
,
and
sinewes
by
the
shaking
of
the
Arrowes
with
their
barbed
heads
hanging
in
them
,
do
presentlie
fall
a
yerking
,
flinging
and
leaping
as
if
they
were
mad
,
in
such
sort
,
as
be
it
in
squardron
,
or
in
troupe
they
do
disorder
one
an
other
,
and
neuer
leaue
vntill
they
haue
throwne
,
and
cast
their
masters
.
Whereas
contrariwise
,
horses
that
are
in
their
vitall
partes
hurt
with
bulletts
,
or
that
the
bones
of
their
legges
,
shoulders
,
or
backs
be
broken
,
they
do
presently
fall
down
,
or
otherwise
,
although
they
be
striken
cleane
through
,
or
that
the
bulletts
do
still
remaine
in
them
,
they
after
the
first
shrinck
at
the
entring
of
the
bullett
doo
passe
their
Carrire
,
as
though
they
had
verie
litle
or
no
hurt
:
And
this
of
the
hurting
of
horses
with
bulletts
,
both
I
my selfe
,
and
all
others
do
know
,
that
haue
seene
any
actions
performed
in
the
field
.
And
the
other
of
the
great
disordering
of
horses
with
the
hurts
of
our
English
arrowes
I
haue
read
in
diuers
histories
,
and
also
heard
reported
by
diuers
Gentlemen
of
our
nation
that
haue
seene
the
same
.
But
now
because
I
haue
diuers
times
heard
manie
vaine
obiections
obiected
by
some
of
our
Captaines
of
the
Low
Countries
against
Archers
,
to
the
disgracing
,
and
dishabling
of
them
,
and
their
weapons
in
comparison
of
Mosquettiers
and
Harquebuziers
and
their
weapons
of
fire
:
I
will
(
with
the
helpe
of
almightie
God
)
answere
as
manie
of
them
as
shall
fall
into
my
memorie
;
and
therefore
will
begin
with
one
of
their
litle
fancies
that
they
doo
alledge
against
the
Longbow
,
and
so
proceed
to
their
greater
,
and
greatest
obiections
.
Among
manie
other
their
fancies
they
do
alledge
,
that
the
Archers
bowes
,
being
by
them
vsed
against
the
Enemie
in
the
heate
of
sommer
,
Also
they
do
further
alledge
,
France
,
and
disembarking
in
Normandie
,
and
winning
Newhauen
and
Roan
,
should
straight
march
to
Paris
:
(
which
is
no
more
than
diuers
Kings
of
England
and
their
Generalls
haue
done
)
where
after
some
encountres
and
skirmishes
the
Armie
comming
to
lack
powder
and
shott
,
they
should
with
facilitie
for
money
prouide
the
same
in
the
hart
of
the
Enemies
Countrie
,
where
all
the
Townes
in
which
that
prouision
is
to
bee
had
are
fortified
,
which
is
a
verie
mockerie
and
dreame
to
bee
thought
on
.
But
some
of
our
such
men
of
warre
peraduenture
will
further
alledge
,
that
they
might
haue
the
same
prouision
by
the
way
of
conuoy
,
either
from
Newhauen
or
Roan
,
in
case
they
were
possessed
of
those
Townes
:
whereunto
it
is
to
bee
answered
,
that
first
the
conuoy
had
need
to
bee
verie
strong
;
besides
that
,
there
is
no
man
of
anie
consideration
and
iudgement
,
but
that
doth
verie
well
knowe
,
that
Mosquets
,
Harquebuzes
,
powder
,
match
and
lead
,
are
as
heauie
,
and
a
great
deale
more
heauie
to
bee
carried
,
than
Bowes
,
sheafes
of
arrowes
and
bowstrings
are
.
Besides
that
,
by
such
their
ignorant
obiections
,
they
doo
euidentlie
shew
that
they
haue
not
read
,
nor
heard
,
or
els
for
lacke
of
reason
not
beleeued
,
the
proceedings
of
the
notable
Kings
of
England
in
their
inuasions
of
France
,
and
other
Dominions
;
for
if
they
had
,
they
would
not
then
doubt
,
but
that
a
King
of
England
,
or
his
Lieutenant
generall
inuading
forraine
dominions
,
would
vpon
such
an
enterprise
carrie
all
sorts
of
munition
,
belonging
to
Archers
,
to
serue
them
for
many
battailes
and
great
encounters
,
as
well
as
King
Edward
the
third
,
and
Henrie
the
fift
,
and
their
Lieutenants
generall
did
,
whose
Armies
did
sometimes
consist
of
nine
,
or
ten
thousand
al
Archers
,
and
not
aboue
foure
or
fiue
thousand
armed
men
on
horsebacke
and
on
foote
;
which
Princes
,
and
their
Lieutenants
did
neuer
omit
(
according
to
their
milicia
)
to
carrie
great
plentie
of
sheafes
of
Arrowes
,
Bowes
,
and
all
other
things
requisite
aswell
for
their
Archers
,
as
for
their
armed
men
,
milicia
,
that
doth
not
in
the
publique
carriages
of
the
Camp
,
ordinarylie
carrie
all
kindes
of
munitions
of
weapons
and
armours
offensiue
and
defensiue
,
with
all
other
munitions
and
necessaries
requisite
for
all
purposes
,
for
the
publique
employments
and
vse
of
Camp
,
Towne
,
and
field
.
Now
,
whereas
some
of
our
aforesaid
men
of
warre
do
further
alledge
,
rather
vpon
fancie
than
vpon
anie
souldiourlyke
reasons
and
experience
,
manie
vaine
and
friuolous
obiections
,
partlie
against
the
Bowes
(
as
aforesaid
)
but
chieflie
against
the
Archers
that
do
vse
them
,
prouand
,
and
lodging
them
in
Churches
,
vpon
the
bare
stones
and
pauements
,
aswell
in
winter
as
in
sommer
,
with
manie
other
their
abuses
and
disorders
,
contrarie
to
all
discipline
militarie
,
haue
made
most
of
their
souldiours
vnfit
and
vnable
to
vse
any
sort
of
weapons
,
as
soldiers
should
do
in
the
field
:
howbeit
in
fauour
of
Archers
,
to
conuince
their
simple
and
ignorant
opinions
,
Mosquettiers
also
,
it
doth
behoue
to
be
strong
and
puissant
of
body
without
sicknes
,
achs
,
or
other
impediments
,
and
euerie
way
sound
of
wind
and
limbe
:
for
if
they
be
decayd
in
strength
of
body
by
lying
in
the
field
,
Armed
men
also
Piquers
and
Halbarders
,
a
la
volee
,
but
with
consideration
,
reason
and
iudgement
;
for
otherwise
,
how
long
soeuer
they
haue
serued
in
warres
,
it
may
bee
rightlie
deemed
that
they
haue
spent
their
times
,
&
employed
themselues
more
to
some
other
base
and
vile
occupations
,
than
to
the
consideration
&
exercises
of
matters
Militarie
.
Moreouer
,
they
obiect
against
Archers
,
England
,
as
also
amongst
other
Nations
,
as
manie
sonnes
,
as
tall
or
taller
than
their
fathers
,
or
bigger
and
stronger
,
as
they
shall
see
lower
,
slenderer
,
and
weaker
.
Now
,
peraduenture
with
more
troth
some
may
say
,
that
the
subiects
of
England
within
these
thirtie
or
fortie
yeares
,
haue
not
had
so
much
exercise
in
Archerie
,
as
their
forefathers
in
times
past
were
wont
to
haue
,
whereby
it
commeth
to
passe
,
that
Archers
in
number
are
greatlie
decaied
,
which
I
confesse
to
bee
verie
true
:
howbeit
,
that
hath
chieflie
proceeded
through
the
great
fault
and
negligence
of
sorts
of
Magistrates
,
who
hauing
excellent
statute
and
penall
lawes
established
in
other
kings
times
for
the
increase
and
maintenance
of
Archerie
,
and
that
boyes
from
their
young
yeares
should
bee
taught
the
exercise
and
vse
of
the
Bowe
,
that
being
come
to
mans
state
,
they
might
bee
the
better
able
to
serue
their
Prince
and
Countrie
with
that
kinde
of
weapon
,
haue
so
neglected
,
or
rather
contemned
the
due
performance
&
execution
of
those
lawes
,
that
a
great
deale
more
through
their
owne
fault
,
than
through
the
fault
of
the
people
,
it
is
now
come
to
passe
,
that
the
Realme
hath
so
fewe
good
Archers
:
which
their
negligence
,
or
contempt
,
whether
it
hath
proceeded
of
that
they
haue
been
carried
into
the
fancies
of
liking
the
aforesaid
weapons
of
fire
,
because
they
fill
mens
eares
and
eyes
with
such
terrible
fire
,
smoake
and
noyse
,
or
els
that
they
haue
been
perswaded
thereunto
by
some
old
new-fangled
men
of
warre
,
that
do
neither
vnderstand
the
true
effects
of
Mosquetterie
,
Harquebuzerie
,
nor
Archerie
,
I
wot
not
.
But
this
I
knowe
,
that
if
that
weapon
hereafter
shall
come
to
be
forgotten
and
extinguished
,
through
the
negligence
and
lacke
of
good
execution
of
such
good
lawes
,
that
whereas
in
times
past
we
were
wont
to
giue
battaile
,
and
fight
with
our
Enemies
with
a
weapon
so
terrible
vnto
them
,
that
they
neuer
had
anie
vse
or
skill
of
,
but
onelie
to
their
mischiefe
,
and
therefore
of
great
aduauntage
for
vs
,
and
wherein
our
people
and
Nation
of
a
singular
gift
of
God
,
&
as
it
were
by
a
naturall
inclination
with
good
execution
of
lawes
,
came
to
be
so
perfect
&
excellent
,
without
anie
publique
cost
&
charges
either
to
King
or
Realme
,
we
shall
then
vpon
anie
occasion
of
warre
offensiue
or
defensiue
,
bee
driuen
to
fight
with
them
with
their
owne
weapons
,
to
our
great
disaduantage
,
that
is
,
with
the
Harquebuze
and
Mosquet
,
in
the
which
they
had
and
haue
continual
practise
and
exercise
,
Now
,
whereas
our
such
men
of
warre
do
further
dishable
our
Archers
,
saying
,
that
they
are
to
worke
in
a
maner
no
effect
neither
against
horsemen
nor
footemen
,
and
that
Archers
are
not
able
in
the
field
to
abide
the
terrour
of
the
shot
of
Mosquettiers
nor
Harquebuziers
,
with
manie
other
vaine
and
fond
obiections
,
contrarie
to
all
reason
and
experience
:
certenlie
,
it
is
not
to
be
thought
strange
in
them
,
considering
that
as
their
ouerweening
and
presumption
hath
extended
to
shew
their
lacke
of
skill
in
manie
other
matters
militarie
before
mentioned
,
that
they
pretended
to
haue
most
knowledge
of
,
as
namely
in
the
mistaking
of
the
conueniencie
of
diuers
sortes
of
weapons
in
their
due
times
and
places
,
with
manie
other
verie
important
matters
before
mentioned
;
so
in
these
matters
of
our
Archerie
,
it
is
not
to
be
meruailed
at
,
that
they
do
so
groselie
erre
in
their
fond
opinions
conceiued
and
alledged
,
against
the
excellent
effects
of
that
weapon
,
of
the
which
they
neuer
had
any
experience
,
nor
yet
doo
know
how
to
order
them
;
as
it
did
verie
euidentlie
appeare
to
all
men
of
iudgement
,
that
saw
their
disorderlie
placing
of
Archers
in
the
battles
they
formed
at
Tilbury
this
last
sommer
.
Leycester
,
being
Lieutenant
generall
of
the
Armie
assembled
for
the
defence
of
the
Realme
,
commaunded
all
such
men
of
warre
as
were
the
chief
Officers
of
the
Army
vnder
him
,
to
consider
of
some
excellent
order
and
formes
of
battle
,
that
should
be
presented
within
three
or
foure
dayes
after
,
in
the
presence
and
sight
of
the
Queene
,
her
Councel
,
and
Nobilitie
:
at
which
tyme
some
of
the
chief
Officers
of
the
Camp
,
that
of
long
tyme
had
serued
in
the
Low
Countries
,
being
there
assembled
to
forme
three
battles
,
a
Vaward
,
Battle
and
Rereward
,
with
wings
,
sleeues
,
squares
&
troupes
,
according
to
their
best
skill
,
&
that
warning
had
bin
giuen
them
of
the
Queenes
comming
so
long
before
;
and
therfore
had
consulted
how
to
reduce
them
into
most
strong
and
beautifull
forme
that
they
could
,
to
haue
giuen
battle
if
the
Enemie
had
bin
there
;
they
with
many
terrible
othes
and
cursings
and
bannings
of
Archers
and
their
Bowes
,
partlie
for
the
hatred
they
bare
to
that
weapon
,
but
chiefly
(
as
I
think
and
as
it
after
appeared
)
because
they
knew
not
where
to
place
them
;
in
the
end
(
after
long
and
much
a
doo
)
they
placed
certen
ranckes
of
Archers
in
the
middest
of
their
squadrons
of
Piques
,
behind
the
Ensignes
,
&
seuen
rancks
of
Archers
they
placed
behind
vpon
the
verie
backe
of
the
battle
,
and
all
the
rest
they
reduced
into
sleeues
,
close
by
the
flanks
of
their
three
battailes
,
of
which
sleeues
some
of
them
were
of
fiue
in
a
rancke
,
and
some
three
in
a
rancke
;
and
because
they
should
bee
surelie
garded
with
shot
,
they
reduced
sleeues
,
or
rather
squadrons
of
Caliuer
shot
close
to
the
flanckes
of
the
Archers
,
of
which
sleeues
of
Caliuer
shot
,
some
were
of
nine
and
twentie
in
a
rancke
,
other
of
fifteene
in
a
rancke
,
and
the
smallest
sleeues
of
eleuen
in
a
rancke
,
which
to
all
men
of
anie
iudgement
in
matters
Militarie
,
might
bee
a
wonderfull
scorne
and
mockerie
.
For
in
case
that
they
should
in
that
forme
haue
marched
against
the
Enemie
to
haue
giuen
battaile
,
they
themselues
,
by
their
fond
and
vnskilfull
placing
of
the
Archers
,
had
taken
away
the
whole
effect
of
the
volees
of
their
arrowes
.
For
it
is
to
bee
vnderstood
,
that
when
anie
squadrons
of
Piquers
doo
approach
,
with
intent
to
giue
battaile
and
ioyne
with
other
squadrons
of
Piquers
,
or
to
receiue
a
charge
of
horsemen
,
they
all
vpright
their
piques
,
and
doo
close
themselues
by
frunt
and
flanckes
;
then
the
Archers
are
to
giue
their
volees
of
arrowes
at
the
Enemie
,
approaching
within
eight
,
nine
,
tenne
,
or
eleuen
scores
;
and
to
performe
the
same
,
they
ought
not
to
haue
anie
other
weapon
placed
before
them
,
that
may
anie
waies
take
away
their
sights
to
direct
their
arrowes
towards
the
Enemies
faces
;
but
as
they
were
placed
,
their
sights
had
not
onlie
been
taken
away
vppon
such
an
action
with
the
smoake
of
the
shot
,
and
with
so
manie
ranckes
and
Ensignes
closed
in
frunt
and
flanckes
as
were
before
them
,
but
also
the
most
of
their
volees
of
arrowes
should
haue
flien
through
the
taffaties
of
the
Ensignes
,
and
haue
glaunced
or
lighted
vpon
the
piques
,
either
cleauing
them
,
or
beating
them
downe
:
besides
that
,
(
to
the
Archers
great
disaduantage
)
they
should
haue
lost
a
great
part
of
their
ground
,
in
giuing
their
volees
of
arrowes
at
their
Enemies
,
by
reason
of
the
distance
,
so
manie
ranckes
of
other
weapons
being
before
them
:
which
most
grosse
and
ignorant
errors
by
them
committed
in
their
reducing
of
Archers
,
contrarie
to
all
science
Militarie
,
with
manie
other
their
disorders
(
which
I
omit
)
doo
manifestly
shew
their
lack
of
skill
&
insufficiencie
,
any
waies
to
controll
or
find
fault
with
that
most
excellent
&
renowmed
weapon
.
Now
therfore
,
I
will
proceede
to
the
ancient
and
orderlie
forming
&
vse
of
Archers
that
hath
been
vsed
of
great
antiquitie
by
the
notable
Kings
&
great
Captaines
of
our
English
nation
,
who
with
the
grace
of
God
and
merueilous
effect
of
that
most
singular
weapon
,
haue
atchieued
so
manie
and
so
wonderfull
victories
against
both
Pagans
&
Christians
.
France
,
&
all
other
braue
horsmen
of
foraine
Nations
,
who
in
those
dayes
were
far
better
armed
than
any
Nations
in
these
our
daies
are
.
And
yet
with
this
good
order
,
the
wonderfull
effect
of
our
Archerie
and
arrowes
was
such
,
that
flying
in
the
ayre
as
thick
as
snowe
with
a
terrible
noyse
,
much
like
a
tempestuous
wind
preceding
a
tempest
,
they
did
leaue
no
disarmed
place
of
horse
or
man
vnstriken
and
wounded
,
as
may
well
appeare
by
manie
battailes
and
victories
;
Crecy
,
that
kind
Edward
the
third
and
Prince
Edward
his
sonne
wonne
against
king
Phillip
of
France
,
where
the
said
king
Phillip
had
eight
or
ten
thousand
men
at
armes
,
and
fifteen
thousand
Genoüeses
Crossebowers
(
which
were
no
wayes
inferiour
for
seruices
in
the
field
to
the
Mosquettiers
of
this
tyme
)
with
so
puissant
an
Armie
also
on
horseback
and
on
foote
,
verie
well
armed
and
appointed
of
diuers
Nations
,
that
they
were
six
at
the
least
,
for
euerie
one
of
the
English
,
in
which
battaile
were
slaine
eleuen
Princes
,
and
twelue
hundred
Knightes
,
besides
thirtie
thousand
soldiers
of
all
Nations
.
Poictiers
,
where
certeine
yeares
after
the
same
Prince
Edward
,
that
was
at
the
battaile
of
Crecy
with
King
Edward
his
father
,
hauing
not
in
his
whole
Armie
aboue
eight
thousand
English
and
Gascoignes
,
(
of
the
which
there
were
sixe
thousand
Archers
,
and
two
thousand
armed
men
)
ouerthrewe
King
Iohn
of
France
that
valiant
Prince
,
who
at
that
battaile
was
accompanied
with
a
great
part
of
the
Nobilitie
of
France
,
and
of
other
Nations
,
as
Dukes
,
Princes
,
Earles
,
&
other
great
Captaines
,
and
had
in
his
Armie
aboue
threescore
thousand
horsemen
and
footmen
,
of
the
which
there
were
aboue
ten
thousand
men
at
armes
,
and
of
horsemen
of
all
sorts
aboue
thirtie
thousand
;
where
a
little
before
the
battaile
,
Athens
,
with
so
manie
Earles
,
Barons
,
Knights
and
Esquiers
,
that
they
were
numbred
to
bee
aboue
seauen
hundred
,
and
so
manie
prisoners
of
all
sorts
taken
by
the
English
and
Gascoignes
,
that
they
farre
exceeded
the
number
of
the
Princes
Armie
.
Don
Pedro
el
cruel
,
against
Don
Henry
of
Castil
,
may
testifie
the
wonderfull
effect
of
Archers
,
where
there
were
aboue
a
hundred
thousand
Spaniardes
,
Frenchmen
,
Portugueses
,
Genoüeses
Crossebowers
&
Mores
,
both
horsemen
and
footmen
ouerthrowne
in
that
battaile
.
Agincourt
,
also
of
later
yeares
fought
by
king
Henry
the
fift
against
the
whole
power
of
France
,
doth
euidentlie
shewe
the
most
excellent
effectes
&
execution
of
Archers
,
where
with
the
grace
of
God
and
incredible
volees
of
arrowes
,
the
French
kings
army
was
ouerthrown
,
Lorain
,
of
Brabant
,
of
Alinçon
and
Bar
,
with
a
great
number
of
Earles
,
Barons
,
Knightes
and
Esquires
;
besides
that
,
there
were
taken
prisoners
,
the
Dukes
of
Orleans
&
Bourbon
,
with
many
other
Earles
,
Barons
and
Knightes
.
The
battaile
of
Herrings
also
(
so
called
by
the
French
Chronicles
)
fought
in
king
Henry
the
sixts
time
neare
vnto
a
village
in
France
called
Rouuray
,
Orleans
,
doth
euidently
shew
the
great
excellencie
of
Archerie
against
all
other
sorts
of
weapons
;
in
which
battel
Syr
Iohn
Fastolf
,
with
other
braue
English
Captains
by
the
grace
of
God
and
terrible
shot
of
the
Archers
,
ouerthrewe
the
bastard
of
Orleans
,
the
Lord
high
Constable
of
Scotland
,
the
Count
of
Clermount
,
with
manie
other
Captaines
of
great
accoumpt
and
their
whole
Armie
of
Frenchmen
&
Scots
,
in
the
which
there
were
a
great
number
of
French
Harquebuziers
and
Crosse-bowers
,
which
against
the
Archers
wrought
no
effect
.
I
might
also
alledge
for
the
excellencie
of
Archers
the
most
wonderfull
victorie
wonne
by
king
Richard
the
first
in
the
holy
land
,
manie
yeares
before
anie
of
these
battailes
before
mentioned
;
where
,
being
Generall
of
the
Christian
Armie
,
by
the
grace
of
God
,
and
wonderfull
effect
of
his
English
Archers
,
he
in
a
most
famous
battaile
ouerthrewe
that
braue
Saladin
,
Souldan
of
Egipt
,
with
his
notable
milicia
of
Mamelucks
(
by
many
called
Sarasins
)
and
all
the
rest
of
his
Armie
,
which
did
consist
of
an
innumerable
number
of
horsemen
&
footmen
Turks
&
Arabians
.
But
for
breuities
sake
,
I
will
omit
the
particularities
of
that
most
famous
battaile
,
and
of
many
other
great
victories
that
I
could
alledge
for
proofe
of
the
incredible
effectes
of
our
English
Archers
in
battailes
:
And
will
now
come
to
answere
certein
other
friuolous
obiections
of
smaller
moment
than
these
that
I
haue
alreadie
by
such
notable
examples
and
experiences
of
great
battailes
and
victories
answered
.
Some
of
our
such
men
of
warre
(
because
by
common
and
moderne
experience
,
no
number
of
Mosquettiers
nor
Harquebuziers
in
the
plaine
fields
,
without
succours
of
some
other
weapon
or
ground
of
aduantage
,
are
able
to
abide
the
charge
of
halfe
so
manie
Launces
or
Stradiots
in
number
as
they
are
,
without
being
ouerthrowne
and
broken
)
doo
therfore
thinke
and
commonlie
report
,
For
answere
whereunto
(
according
to
the
testimonie
of
the
French
Chronicles
)
I
say
,
that
in
King
Henrie
the
sixts
time
,
Iohn
Lord
of
Bellay
,
being
accompanied
with
two
hundred
Launces
at
the
least
,
and
taking
his
way
to
a
towne
called
Mans
,
met
by
chaunce
with
an
English
Captaine
,
called
Berry
,
that
had
to
the
number
of
fourescore
Archers
,
who
perceiuing
the
French
men
,
And
within
a
while
after
a
French
Captaine
of
the
countrie
of
Main
,
called
Guion
du
Coing
,
departed
from
a
towne
called
Sable
,
accompanied
with
sixe
score
Launces
to
seeke
his
aduenture
,
William
〈◊〉
betwixt
Mans
and
Alinçon
,
that
had
in
his
companie
sixteene
or
twentie
Archers
on
horsebacke
,
who
perceiuing
so
manie
French
Launces
,
alighted
on
foote
,
and
reducing
themselues
into
forme
in
a
broad
high
way
,
where
the
Launces
could
not
charge
them
but
in
frunt
,
And
in
our
tyme
king
Henry
the
eight
being
at
the
siege
of
Teroüenne
and
a
conuoy
of
munitions
and
victuals
being
at
that
tyme
to
go
from
Guiens
towardes
Teroüenne
,
Martin
du
Bellay
.
all
the
French
Captaines
of
Picardy
and
Vermandois
hauing
intelligence
thereof
,
did
assemble
all
their
men
at
armes
&
Launces
of
those
prouinces
,
with
some
number
of
shot
also
both
Harquebuziers
and
Crossebowers
,
and
attended
the
English
conuoy
in
ambush
more
than
a
league
beyond
the
towne
of
Ard
,
towardes
Teroüenne
,
where
encountring
with
the
English
light
horsemen
auant
courirs
,
they
did
ouerthrowe
them
,
which
being
perceiued
by
the
English
Captaines
of
the
conuoy
,
they
presently
reduced
their
carriages
into
a
conuenient
forme
,
and
placing
conuenient
numbers
of
Archers
in
the
two
open
places
of
the
carriages
before
and
behind
,
and
forcing
all
other
places
betwixt
carriages
and
carriages
with
Archers
,
where
the
French
Launces
might
haue
anie
entrance
;
after
a
long
fight
and
many
charges
by
the
men
at
armes
of
France
and
their
shot
giuen
,
the
terrible
effect
of
the
volees
of
arrowes
was
such
,
that
a
great
number
of
their
horses
were
wounded
or
slaine
,
de
Plessis
lifting
vp
his
sword
to
strike
,
was
with
an
arrowe
shot
in
at
the
arme
hole
through
his
gusset
of
maile
,
and
there
slaine
,
with
many
other
men
at
armes
,
&
French
Gentlemen
of
good
accompt
:
In
such
sort
,
that
the
French
,
which
did
farre
exceed
the
English
in
number
,
were
that
day
repulsed
and
ouerthrowne
by
the
excellencie
of
Archers
.
And
at
this
action
there
is
an
old
English
Gentleman
yet
aliue
,
whose
name
is
Master
Caudwell
that
was
there
present
.
And
these
examples
aforesaid
,
are
sufficient
(
I
thinke
)
to
conuince
and
confound
the
vaine
opinions
and
obiections
before
mentioned
.
Now
,
if
the
effect
of
volees
of
arrowes
bee
so
terrible
both
against
horsemen
and
footmen
armed
(
as
I
haue
before
declared
by
so
many
reasons
&
examples
)
what
then
are
the
volees
of
arrowes
able
to
performe
against
Mosquettiers
and
Harquebuziers
,
that
are
in
a
manner
altogether
disarmed
,
whose
weapons
of
fire
in
the
field
,
doo
rather
terrifie
and
make
afraid
yonglings
and
nouices
of
warre
,
with
smoake
and
noyse
,
than
with
anie
often
killing
,
hurting
,
or
wounding
them
with
bullets
,
whereof
not
onlie
old
soldiers
,
but
horses
also
that
are
a
little
vsed
to
their
fire
,
crackes
and
smoake
,
are
not
anie
thing
amazed
nor
afraid
;
but
three
or
foure
volees
of
arrowes
lighting
amongst
anie
number
of
Mosquettiers
or
Harquebuziers
(
how
old
and
braue
soldiers
soeuer
they
bee
)
will
so
amaze
and
terrifie
them
,
that
they
shall
faile
to
charge
their
peeces
,
to
put
touch
powder
into
their
pannes
,
&
their
matches
into
their
serpentines
.
Besides
that
,
they
will
either
wound
,
kill
,
or
mischiefe
them
,
in
such
sort
as
happie
those
that
with
three
or
foure
arrowes
in
their
bodies
,
faces
,
armes
or
legges
,
throwing
downe
their
Harquebuzes
and
Mosquets
,
can
escape
out
of
the
terror
and
daunger
of
the
volees
of
arrowes
.
For
confirmation
wherof
,
there
be
diuers
moderne
examples
,
with
verie
honorable
testimonie
of
such
as
are
yet
liuing
,
verie
honorable
by
birth
and
parentage
,
as
also
by
titles
of
honor
and
worthines
,
of
the
which
that
noble
Gentleman
Ambrose
Earle
of
Warwicke
is
one
,
Norffolke
,
who
at
that
time
lay
encamped
with
a
great
power
of
notorious
and
hardie
rebells
by
the
Citie
of
Norwich
,
vppon
a
high
hill
called
Mount
Surrey
,
to
the
which
Citie
the
Duke
with
his
Armie
being
come
,
he
with
great
order
did
encampe
and
lodge
himselfe
and
his
Armie
on
the
other
side
of
the
citie
and
riuer
,
&
the
next
day
he
entred
the
towne
and
brought
in
foure
and
twentie
field
peeces
,
to
the
chiefe
charge
whereof
he
appointed
the
Coronell
Courpenick
an
Alman
and
a
great
soldier
,
with
his
regiment
of
Almans
,
which
was
twelue
hundred
,
the
most
of
them
braue
shot
,
and
all
old
soldiers
,
with
diuers
other
English
bands
and
valiant
Captaines
of
our
owne
nation
for
the
gard
of
the
same
;
but
before
they
could
throughlie
entrench
themselues
,
those
furious
Rebels
contrarie
to
all
expectation
,
descended
downe
their
hil
with
such
a
furie
of
shot
of
arrowes
,
being
al
Bowmen
,
Swords
and
Bills
,
that
they
gaue
such
a
terror
and
feare
to
our
people
both
strangers
and
English
,
as
they
were
faine
to
runne
away
with
the
losse
of
the
Ordinance
,
and
slaughter
of
a
great
sort
of
soldiers
,
and
before
the
Duke
could
make
head
against
them
,
they
had
recouered
eighteen
field
peeces
,
and
carried
them
vp
to
their
hill
euen
with
verie
force
of
men
.
And
within
two
or
three
daies
after
,
those
gallants
did
not
let
to
abide
the
battaile
against
the
Duke
&
his
whole
Armie
in
the
plaine
field
,
where
the
battaile
was
so
manfullie
fought
on
both
sides
,
that
it
could
be
hardlie
iudged
by
the
best
soldiers
that
were
there
,
which
side
was
like
to
preuaile
,
but
in
the
end
,
God
giuing
the
victorie
,
it
was
seene
by
that
battaile
that
arrowes
were
a
most
noble
weapon
.
And
whereas
the
Duke
at
his
first
assembling
and
forming
of
his
Armie
,
had
chaunged
many
Archers
into
Harquebuziers
(
because
he
had
no
opinion
of
the
Long
Bowe
)
he
after
that
victorie
and
suppression
of
the
Rebels
,
vpon
the
experience
that
he
in
those
actions
had
of
the
daunger
and
terror
of
arrowes
,
(
his
owne
horse
being
wounded
vnder
him
at
that
battaile
with
three
or
foure
arrowes
,
whereof
he
died
)
did
both
then
&
many
times
after
openlie
protest
his
error
before
Count
Malatesta
Baglion
,
an
ancient
and
a
noble
soldier
Italian
,
and
other
great
Captaines
Italians
and
Almans
,
saying
,
that
from
that
time
forward
he
would
hold
the
Bowe
to
be
the
onelie
weapon
of
the
world
,
and
so
did
all
the
notable
Captaines
both
English
and
strangers
affirme
the
same
.
And
this
I
haue
set
downe
almost
verbatim
,
from
the
report
of
the
aforesaid
Ambrose
Earle
of
Warwicke
that
now
is
,
who
was
present
at
that
action
,
and
had
his
horse
also
wounded
vnder
him
with
two
or
three
arrowes
.
In
the
same
yeare
of
the
raigne
of
King
Edward
the
sixt
also
,
&
in
the
same
sommer
,
Sir
Iohn
Russel
knight
,
Lord
priuie
seale
,
that
was
after
Earle
of
Bedford
,
being
sent
by
the
King
as
his
Lieutenant
generall
with
a
great
power
both
of
horsemen
and
footmen
,
against
the
Rebells
of
the
West
parts
,
accompanied
with
the
Lord
Grey
of
Wilton
,
Sir
William
Herbert
,
(
after
Earle
of
Penbrooke
)
the
Lord
of
Hunsdon
that
now
is
,
with
manie
others
both
Knights
&
Esquiers
of
great
worship
,
and
comming
to
certeine
skirmishes
&
encounters
with
the
Rebells
,
the
Archers
of
the
Rebells
did
so
behaue
themselues
with
their
volees
of
arrowes
against
diuers
old
bands
Harquebuziers
Italians
and
Spaniards
,
that
they
draue
them
from
all
their
strengths
,
as
from
bancks
,
ditches
,
hedges
,
and
other
aduantages
of
ground
,
to
the
great
mischiefe
of
manie
of
those
strangers
.
And
of
these
great
effects
of
Archers
against
Harquebuziers
,
England
.
To
the
like
effect
and
singular
commendation
of
Archers
,
I
haue
also
heard
the
aforesaid
Earle
of
Warwicke
diuers
times
further
report
,
Normandie
,
and
at
that
time
fauoured
by
the
Queene
of
England
)
did
send
to
the
Earle
for
a
succour
of
some
English
bands
,
of
the
which
he
desired
that
the
most
might
bee
Archers
.
But
the
Earle
at
that
time
hauing
no
Archers
on
that
side
the
sea
,
sent
vnto
him
a
supplie
of
sixe
hundred
braue
Harquebuziers
,
with
some
armed
men
also
,
which
he
very
thankfully
receiued
,
but
therewithall
signified
vnto
the
Earle
that
he
had
rather
haue
had
two
hundred
Archers
,
Francis
Somserset
,
Sir
Nicholas
Throgmorton
,
and
Sir
William
Pelham
.
And
shortlie
after
,
that
notable
Coronel
Alman
the
Reingraue
(
who
had
serued
manie
yeares
in
France
)
accompanied
with
manie
other
braue
Captaines
both
French
and
Almans
,
with
a
great
power
both
of
horsmen
and
footmen
,
comming
downe
and
encamping
not
farre
from
Newhauen
,
there
happened
a
great
skirmish
betwixt
certeine
English
bands
of
Newhauen
,
and
the
French
and
Alman
companies
,
which
continued
verie
hot
,
with
many
volees
of
Harquebuze
shot
,
and
newe
supplies
on
euerie
side
,
but
at
the
length
the
French
and
Almans
exceeding
the
English
farre
in
multitude
,
forced
them
to
retire
with
disorder
euen
to
the
verie
gates
of
Newhauen
;
during
which
action
,
it
happened
that
fourescore
tall
Archers
(
Hamshire
men
)
did
at
that
time
land
in
the
Hauen
,
who
taking
their
Bowes
and
sheafes
of
arrowes
,
with
their
other
furniture
,
did
presently
march
without
any
tarriance
through
the
towne
into
the
field
where
the
skirmish
was
;
vpon
whose
comming
,
the
English
bands
that
a
little
before
were
forced
by
the
often
charges
and
great
multitude
of
the
shot
of
their
Enemies
,
to
retire
euen
to
the
verie
town-ditches
and
gates
,
taking
courage
a
fresh
,
they
and
the
Bowmen
entered
againe
into
skirmish
with
the
Almans
and
French
,
where
the
fourescore
Archers
did
behaue
themselues
so
notably
against
the
enemies
with
their
volees
of
arrowes
,
that
with
the
braue
and
valiant
charges
which
they
and
the
rest
of
the
English
bands
gaue
vppon
their
enemies
,
but
chieflie
with
the
excellencie
of
the
Archers
,
they
forced
them
not
onelie
to
retire
,
but
to
turne
their
backes
:
in
such
sort
,
as
putting
a
great
number
of
them
to
the
sword
,
they
became
masters
of
the
field
.
Vpon
which
notable
effect
of
those
fewe
Archers
,
as
also
vpon
diuers
others
that
the
Reingraue
had
before
time
seene
in
seruing
against
the
English
,
he
shortlie
after
vppon
the
returne
of
a
message
that
had
been
sent
vnto
him
by
the
Earle
of
Warwicke
(
Sir
Edward
Horsey
being
the
messenger
)
did
most
highly
commend
the
notable
effects
,
that
he
long
before
in
diuers
seruices
had
seene
performed
by
the
English
Archers
against
both
horsemen
and
footmen
:
&
said
also
,
that
long
before
that
time
he
knewe
by
experience
,
that
great
numbers
of
English
Archers
were
able
to
performe
verie
great
matters
in
the
field
;
but
that
so
small
a
number
of
Bowmen
as
were
in
that
last
great
conflict
,
should
bee
able
with
their
arrowes
to
do
so
great
mischiefe
against
his
old
bands
of
Almans
,
French
and
Gascoignes
,
Iames
Croft
,
that
honorable
and
most
sufficient
Gentleman
,
that
hath
serued
diuers
of
our
Princes
in
manie
great
and
principall
offices
and
charges
Militarie
,
both
in
England
,
France
,
Scotland
and
Ireland
,
declare
verie
notable
effects
,
which
he
himselfe
hath
seene
by
our
Archers
in
diuers
actions
performed
.
The
particularities
whereof
,
as
also
his
opinion
concerning
the
excellencie
of
that
weapon
,
I
remit
to
his
owne
report
.
Now
,
notwithstanding
all
these
notable
experiences
and
examples
of
the
excellent
effects
of
Archers
against
Harquebuziers
;
our
such
men
of
warre
haue
vsed
to
alledge
,
that
neither
the
Harquebuzes
were
so
good
,
nor
yet
the
Harquebuziers
so
skilfull
in
those
daies
,
as
now
their
Caliuerers
are
:
whereunto
it
may
be
answered
with
great
reason
and
experience
of
diuers
auncient
Captaines
both
Italians
and
Spaniards
,
Charles
,
&
the
French
Kings
warres
in
Italie
,
France
,
the
Lowe
Countries
,
and
Burgundie
,
as
also
in
Barbarie
against
the
Turkes
and
Mores
,
and
in
the
warres
of
Germanie
,
betwixt
the
said
Emperour
and
the
Duke
of
Saxonie
,
&
other
Reystates
and
Princes
of
Germanie
.
Which
opinions
aforesaid
misconceiued
,
and
verie
ignorantlie
alledged
by
our
such
men
of
warre
,
to
the
disabling
of
the
Harquebuziers
of
other
Nations
in
times
past
,
and
enhabling
their
Caliuerers
of
this
time
,
thereby
to
detract
the
excellent
effects
of
our
Long-bowes
,
doth
further
manifest
their
lacke
of
sufficiencie
to
iudge
of
the
exercises
and
vse
of
those
weapons
of
fire
,
not
onlie
of
times
past
,
but
also
of
this
present
time
,
and
that
hath
appeared
in
diuers
of
their
seruices
of
the
Lowe
Countries
,
as
I
haue
heard
certeine
of
our
old
Captaines
of
good
experience
affirme
,
that
haue
seen
some
of
their
vnskilfull
seruices
in
those
parts
;
and
was
also
confirmed
by
the
fained
skirmish
that
some
of
their
Captaines
,
Officers
,
and
old
bands
of
Harquebuziers
and
Mosquettiers
of
the
Low
Countries
of
their
owne
training
,
did
the
last
sommer
most
disorderlie
performe
before
my
Lord
Treasurer
at
Tilburie
,
where
they
discharged
one
in
anothers
necke
,
and
hauing
discharged
their
peeces
,
did
run
out
of
their
troupes
and
stand
still
,
and
charge
their
peeces
againe
,
and
returning
to
giue
newe
volees
,
did
discharge
their
peeces
at
their
fellowes
hammes
,
legges
and
backes
,
running
together
thicke
and
threefold
so
disorderlie
,
that
it
was
a
scorne
to
behold
them
:
and
this
in
the
opinion
of
many
Gentlemen
,
&
some
old
Captaines
of
good
seruice
and
experience
that
were
there
present
and
beheld
the
same
,
who
concluded
the
insufficiencie
of
our
such
men
of
warre
of
the
Lowe
Countries
,
by
the
lack
of
skill
,
imperfections
,
and
insufficiencies
of
their
trained
souldiers
,
according
to
the
old
prouerbe
;
In
discipulis
magister
videtur
,
like
masters
like
men
.
Which
aforesaid
action
at
Tilburie
,
doth
not
onlie
make
manifest
that
our
such
old
soldiers
Harquebuziers
are
now
as
vnskilfull
,
as
the
newe
Soldiers
Vison̄os
Spaniards
of
two
moneths
pay
were
manie
yeares
past
,
but
if
that
anie
forraine
enemie
with
such
vnskilfull
Harquebuziers
as
they
were
,
should
assaile
a
quarter
of
the
like
number
of
our
Archers
,
they
should
not
be
able
to
abide
two
volees
of
arrowes
,
without
casting
away
their
peeces
and
turning
their
backes
.
And
now
hauing
in
this
my
discourse
made
manifest
the
excellencie
of
our
Long-bowes
and
Archers
,
by
many
reasons
&
examples
,
ancient
and
moderne
,
both
against
well
horsed
and
armed
Launces
,
as
also
Harquebuziers
,
which
I
thinke
by
all
reason
may
suffice
to
conuince
and
confound
all
the
ignorant
opinions
and
friuolous
obiections
of
our
such
men
of
warre
,
as
also
to
induce
all
such
as
are
of
any
right
consideration
and
iudgement
,
to
acknowledge
the
sufficiencie
&
excellencie
of
that
weapon
;
&
that
it
is
further
euident
by
all
forren
Histories
that
haue
made
any
mention
of
the
differences
of
Bowes
,
vsed
by
many
Nations
,
as
also
by
such
as
haue
trauailed
in
many
parts
of
Europe
,
Affricke
,
or
Asia
,
that
our
English
Bowes
,
arrowes
and
Archers
do
exceed
and
excell
al
other
Bowes
vsed
by
all
forren
Nations
not
only
in
substance
&
strength
,
but
also
in
the
length
&
bignes
of
the
arrowes
:
I
will
now
further
shewe
the
wonderfull
effects
that
hath
bene
wrought
by
diuers
sorts
of
forren
Bowes
,
as
Gothian
,
Parthian
,
Arabian
,
Turkish
,
and
Tartarian
,
all
which
(
as
aforesaid
)
are
inferiour
vnto
ours
:
that
by
such
notable
effects
by
them
performed
,
all
such
as
are
of
sound
iudgement
,
not
caried
with
toyes
,
fancies
and
new
fashions
,
may
very
well
knowe
,
that
God
hath
giuen
such
exceeding
and
excellent
effects
vnto
that
weapon
,
that
of
all
others
it
hath
euer
bene
,
and
yet
may
be
iustly
accounted
the
chiefe
weapon
of
battells
and
conquests
.
I
thinke
it
is
most
manifest
by
all
Histories
,
that
haue
written
of
puissant
and
conquering
Nations
,
that
in
many
and
diuers
ages
vnder
their
great
and
notable
Captaines
,
haue
giuen
themselues
to
enlarge
their
dominions
,
or
with
force
to
possesse
the
habitations
of
other
forren
people
,
that
they
haue
erected
some
kinde
of
milicia
and
discipline
militarie
,
to
atchieue
and
performe
the
same
.
And
as
the
best
kinds
of
weapons
in
the
handes
of
well
disciplinated
,
obedient
and
exercised
souldiers
,
is
a
principall
part
of
a
milicia
,
And
although
they
haue
not
vsed
in
their
armies
that
weapon
alone
,
but
other
weapons
also
incorporated
with
them
,
yet
it
is
most
manifest
,
that
the
greatest
number
of
such
mightie
armies
haue
consisted
more
of
Archers
either
on
horsebacke
or
on
foote
,
than
of
any
other
sorts
of
weapons
,
and
by
their
excellent
effects
chiefly
,
haue
beene
atchieued
most
notable
and
wonderfull
victories
;
as
for
example
:
Were
not
diuers
Emperors
and
great
Captains
Romains
with
puissant
armies
many
times
inuading
the
Parthians
and
Persians
,
Persians
,
and
that
chiefly
by
the
great
effect
of
their
arrowes
?
Besides
all
which
it
is
most
euident
by
diuers
Histories
,
that
neither
the
notable
Consulls
of
the
ancient
Romanes
,
nor
yet
after
them
the
Emperors
Romans
with
their
conquering
milicia
were
euer
able
to
conquere
the
Parthians
and
Persians
,
defending
themselues
chiefly
with
that
excellent
weapon
of
Archerie
on
horsebacke
.
But
now
to
speake
of
foure
mightie
and
conquering
Nations
,
that
of
later
yeares
,
but
in
diuers
ages
,
haue
vanquished
and
subdued
diuers
great
partes
of
the
world
.
It
doth
appeare
by
many
Histories
,
that
the
Gothes
,
Vandalls
,
Alans
,
and
other
septentrionall
Nations
,
vnder
their
notable
Princes
,
&
great
Captains
,
making
warre
at
diuers
times
vpon
the
Emperour
Romanes
,
Greece
,
did
besiege
the
imperiall
citie
of
Constantinople
,
and
did
spoile
the
Panonias
,
now
called
Hungarie
,
and
Austria
,
with
Illyria
,
Dalmatia
,
and
many
other
prouinces
.
Also
they
inuaded
and
wasted
Italie
,
sacked
the
most
auncient
and
famous
citie
of
Rome
,
with
a
great
number
of
other
Cities
.
And
in
diuers
notable
battailes
wounded
and
killed
many
great
Captaines
,
and
some
Emperours
&
their
Generals
with
their
arrowes
.
After
which
they
passed
through
&
spoiled
France
,
inuaded
and
conquered
Spaine
,
and
caried
their
armies
to
the
straights
of
Hercules
,
now
called
Gibraltar
.
Also
the
same
Vandalls
and
Alans
passed
the
straights
,
and
inuaded
Affrike
,
and
conquered
in
a
maner
all
the
Leuant
sea
coasts
of
the
same
now
called
Barbarie
.
And
it
is
most
euident
,
that
they
did
performe
&
atchieue
al
those
their
battailes
,
victories
and
conquests
,
more
with
the
effect
of
their
Archers
and
Bowes
,
than
with
all
the
rest
of
their
weapons
.
And
not
many
yeres
after
that
,
Mahomet
,
&
his
successors
Halifas
,
with
infinit
numbers
of
Arabian
Bowmen
on
horseback
,
&
some
numbers
of
Zagaias
(
which
are
double
headed
Lances
)
did
inuade
the
dominions
of
the
Empire
of
Constantinople
.
And
with
those
weapons
chiefly
did
conquere
al
Mesopotamia
,
Suria
,
Armenia
,
and
Persia.
Also
,
they
did
win
Ierusalem
and
many
other
Cities
and
Prouinces
,
and
brought
the
Emperour
Heraclius
and
some
other
of
his
successours
to
be
tributaries
vnto
them
.
And
in
diuers
great
battailes
with
their
arrowes
did
wound
and
take
some
Emperours
and
many
of
their
Generals
,
prisoners
.
Also
,
they
inuaded
Affrike
,
conquered
Egypt
,
and
subdued
all
Barbarie
euen
to
the
very
Ocean
sea
.
And
shortly
after
passing
ouer
the
straights
of
Gibraltar
into
Spaine
,
and
finding
the
Gothes
&
Vandalls
possessours
of
the
same
,
through
the
exacting
and
tyrannicall
gouernement
of
their
two
last
kings
Gothes
,
Vitissa
and
Don
Rodrigo
,
brought
from
all
their
ancient
exercises
militarie
and
vse
of
their
Bowes
,
they
did
conquere
the
kingdome
euen
to
the
very
mountains
Perinëos
,
and
atchieued
many
other
notable
victories
and
conquests
in
Italie
,
Greece
,
Sicilie
,
Candia
,
and
other
Islands
of
the
Archipelago
,
and
all
those
chieflie
,
by
the
wonderfull
effectes
of
their
Arabian
Bowes
.
Halifas
,
&
that
they
through
long
peace
and
some
ciuil
dissention
,
were
now
growen
into
ambition
,
enuie
and
couetousnes
,
and
to
neglect
their
ancient
discipline
militarie
and
vse
of
their
Bowes
,
the
Turkes
(
a
new
Nation
at
that
time
in
a
maner
vnknown
)
comming
at
the
first
but
with
fiue
thousand
,
all
Archers
,
from
beyond
the
mountaines
of
Caucasus
to
the
aide
of
Mahomet
,
then
King
of
Persia
,
vnder
their
braue
Captaine
Tanglaropice
Muçaleto
,
did
performe
great
seruices
vnto
the
Persians
.
And
after
vpon
lacke
of
pay
,
and
some
other
iniuries
vnto
them
by
the
Persians
offered
,
retiring
themselues
to
the
mountaines
,
they
did
most
valiantly
defend
themselues
,
vntil
that
new
aides
and
great
numbers
of
Archers
and
Aljauas
Turkes
came
to
ioyne
with
them
.
At
which
time
inuading
the
Persians
,
and
ouerthrowing
and
killing
their
King
in
battaile
,
they
conquered
all
Persia
;
●aldac
,
and
did
subdue
in
a
maner
all
the
Dominions
that
Mahomet
that
false
prophet
,
and
his
successours
Halifas
had
in
certaine
hundreds
of
yeeres
before
conquered
in
Asia
.
And
all
those
conquests
,
with
many
battailes
and
victories
he
and
his
Turkes
atchieued
chiefly
with
the
wonderful
effects
of
their
Bowes
,
of
which
weapon
their
milicia
did
principally
consist
.
After
whose
time
,
the
Soldans
his
successours
,
and
Otoman
the
first
Emperour
of
the
Turkes
,
and
his
successours
did
win
many
battailes
and
victories
against
the
Emperours
of
Constantinople
,
chiefly
with
the
aduantage
of
that
weapon
.
And
it
is
further
apparant
by
diuerse
Histories
,
that
the
Tartars
inhabiting
towards
the
North
and
Northeast
seas
of
Asia
,
being
reduced
into
a
discipline
militarie
vnder
diuers
of
their
Princes
&
Captaines
,
as
Hocata
Cham
,
Gabo
Sabada
,
and
Haloon
,
did
with
their
innumerable
numbers
of
Archers
,
and
Aljauas
on
horsebacke
,
not
onely
subdue
all
the
East
partes
of
Asia
,
euen
to
the
very
Ocean
seas
,
but
did
in
diuerse
ages
inuade
the
West
partes
of
Asia
,
vanquishing
and
ouerthrowing
in
many
battailes
diuers
Soldans
with
their
great
armies
of
Turkes
,
and
spoiled
&
made
tributarie
vnto
them
Parthia
,
Persia
,
Media
,
Armenia
,
Mesopotamia
,
and
Suria
.
And
last
of
all
Tamberlan
,
that
valiant
Emperour
of
the
Tartars
inuading
Asia
minor
,
and
comming
to
battaile
with
Bayezet
,
at
that
time
Emperour
of
the
Turkes
did
ouerthrow
&
vanquish
him
&
his
mightie
armie
and
tooke
him
prisoner
.
Which
battaile
and
victorie
he
atchieued
by
reason
that
his
armie
of
Tartars
did
farre
exceede
the
Turkes
in
numbers
of
Archers
.
Which
most
excellent
effects
of
Archers
before
mentioned
,
was
the
very
cause
that
mooued
Amurat
(
the
second
of
that
name
)
Emperor
of
the
Turkes
,
within
fewe
yeeres
after
to
institute
for
the
gard
of
his
person
that
milicia
of
the
Ianissaries
on
foote
,
who
being
Christian
mens
children
renied
,
&
taught
from
their
youth
the
exercise
of
the
Bowe
,
Basshas
,
Bellarbies
,
and
Senjaques
of
the
Turkes
(
of
the
which
there
be
so
many
notable
and
excellent
Captaines
able
to
gouerne
,
conduct
and
commaund
great
and
mightie
Armies
,
as
all
the
West
partes
of
Christendome
haue
not
so
many
,
nor
the
like
)
who
knowing
all
the
effectes
of
weapons
of
fire
,
as
well
as
the
best
men
of
warre
of
Christendome
,
do
by
all
reason
militarie
preferre
their
Bowes
before
their
Harquebuzes
for
all
battailes
,
and
great
encounters
in
the
field
:
And
euen
so
likewise
two
other
most
puissaunt
and
mightie
Empires
of
Asia
and
conquering
Nations
,
the
one
of
the
Tartars
,
and
the
other
of
the
Persians
,
Parthians
,
and
Medians
vnder
the
Sophie
,
which
Empires
and
Nations
although
they
haue
knowen
and
had
the
vse
of
weapons
of
fire
long
before
they
were
knowne
in
Europe
,
Cataia
,
and
in
vse
in
diuers
partes
of
Asia
aboue
800.
yeeres
past
:
&
that
I
haue
read
,
and
also
heard
reported
in
Spaine
by
two
Embassadours
,
the
one
of
Venice
,
and
the
other
of
Portingall
.
yet
haue
they
alwayes
,
and
doo
still
greatlie
preferre
their
Archers
and
Bowes
on
horsebacke
for
battailes
and
victories
,
before
their
weapons
of
fire
.
And
now
as
I
haue
before
in
diuers
parts
of
these
discourses
brieflie
set
downe
manie
notable
effects
of
our
English
Archers
,
against
both
horsemen
and
footmen
of
all
sorts
of
weapons
,
with
such
and
so
manie
notable
battailes
&
victories
atchieued
by
our
English
nation
,
chieflie
(
next
vnto
God
)
by
the
excellencie
of
our
said
Archers
;
And
that
I
haue
last
of
all
brieflie
declared
the
wonderfull
victories
and
conquests
in
diuers
ages
atchieued
by
foure
so
notable
Nations
,
and
that
most
of
all
by
the
notable
effects
of
their
Bowes
,
(
I
meane
the
Gothes
,
Vandals
,
and
other
such
septentrionall
people
,
their
companions
and
fellowes
in
armes
,
as
also
the
Arabians
,
the
Turkes
and
Tartars
)
:
So
I
might
further
with
the
testimonie
of
many
notable
histories
,
&
partlie
by
the
very
Bible
it selfe
,
(
if
it
were
not
to
auoide
prolixitie
)
shewe
and
prooue
,
that
all
the
notable
and
famous
Nations
of
Europe
,
Affrick
and
Asia
,
that
haue
since
the
beginning
of
the
world
,
And
now
againe
to
returne
to
the
answering
of
other
obiections
of
our
such
men
of
warre
,
who
(
notwithstanding
so
many
reasons
and
examples
by
me
before
alledged
in
due
&
iust
commendation
of
Archers
)
haue
not
been
ashamed
many
times
most
phantastically
to
report
,
France
,
and
other
Nations
in
King
Edward
the
thirds
time
,
&
other
kings
times
,
did
by
the
experience
of
their
daungers
&
mischiefes
so
greatlie
redoubt
,
that
they
caused
their
footmen
(
although
they
were
as
well
armed
for
the
defence
of
their
bodies
&
heads
,
as
footmen
now
a
daies
are
)
to
carrie
pauoises
of
seauen
foot
long
,
and
a
foot
and
a
halfe
,
or
two
foote
broad
,
with
little
holes
towards
the
vpper
end
armed
with
steele
,
for
them
to
looke
through
;
which
pauoises
did
couer
their
faces
,
and
al
other
disarmed
parts
euen
downe
to
their
toes
.
And
that
their
men
at
armes
also
(
because
our
arrowes
were
so
terrible
in
the
sights
of
their
horses
,
and
that
they
did
wound
them
in
the
eyes
and
legges
,
and
euerie
bare
and
disarmed
place
,
which
made
them
run
athwart
the
one
the
other
,
as
is
before
declared
)
did
oftentimes
forsake
their
horses
,
and
reducing
themselues
into
esquadron
,
came
vpon
our
Archers
with
their
launces
and
swords
,
the
beuers
of
their
helmets
downe
,
and
armed
cap
a
pie
,
as
it
doth
appeare
by
diuers
great
encounters
mentioned
in
Froissart
,
and
other
histories
.
But
because
the
wonderfull
effects
and
mischiefe
of
arrowes
,
may
further
appeare
to
be
farre
different
from
the
dreames
and
reports
of
our
such
phantasticall
men
of
warre
,
I
will
now
of
many
Emperours
,
Kings
,
and
great
Captaines
that
haue
been
wounded
and
killed
forraine
Archers
and
arrowes
,
inferiour
vnto
ours
,
alledge
a
fewe
examples
to
auoide
prolixitie
,
beginning
first
with
some
testimonie
out
of
the
Bible
.
Iewes
,
and
a
valiant
Prince
)
in
his
last
battaile
fought
with
the
Amalakites
,
afraide
of
the
volees
of
their
arrowes
,
and
himselfe
wounded
with
an
arrowe
?
And
was
not
Ioram
King
of
Israel
slaine
by
Iehu
his
successor
with
the
shot
of
an
arrowe
,
that
strake
him
into
the
bodie
and
through
the
hart
?
And
was
not
Achab
also
king
of
Israel
,
in
a
battaile
against
the
Sirians
,
ouerthrowne
and
wounded
with
an
arrowe
,
that
strake
him
into
the
bodie
betweene
the
ioynts
of
his
armour
,
of
the
which
wound
he
that
night
died
?
Besides
that
,
it
is
further
manifest
by
many
other
notable
histories
,
that
Alexander
the
great
,
that
most
mightie
Conquerour
,
besieging
the
Citie
of
Gaza
in
Siria
,
was
himselfe
sore
wounded
through
the
habergin
into
the
shoulder
with
an
arrowe
,
in
such
sort
,
that
he
was
by
that
wound
in
great
daunger
,
and
his
whole
Armie
thereat
greatlie
amazed
.
Vespasian
also
that
famous
and
excellent
Emperour
,
was
wounded
himselfe
with
an
arrow
in
a
great
encounter
and
conflict
,
that
he
had
against
the
Iewes
by
the
citie
of
Iorpata
in
Iuda
.
The
Emperour
Decius
also
was
ouerthrowne
&
slaine
in
a
battaile
against
the
Gothes
;
and
Decius
Caesar
his
sonne
striken
dead
with
the
shot
of
arrowes
.
The
Emperour
Valens
also
was
ouerthrowne
in
a
great
battaile
by
the
Gothes
,
and
himself
sore
wounded
with
an
arrowe
.
Don
Alfonso
also
King
of
Leon
in
Spaine
,
and
Don
Sancho
King
of
Aragon
were
(
although
at
diuers
times
,
&
in
diuers
places
)
wounded
and
slaine
by
the
Arabians
and
Mores
with
arrowes
.
Manuel
also
Emperour
of
Constantinople
,
was
ouerthrowne
in
a
great
battaile
against
the
Soldan
of
Iconio
,
and
himselfe
wounded
with
arrowes
,
notwithstanding
his
armour
and
target
,
in
the
which
he
had
thirtie
arrowes
sticking
.
Orcan
also
sonne
vnto
Otoman
and
second
Emperour
of
the
Turkes
,
was
ouerthrowne
,
wounded
and
slaine
with
arrowes
,
in
a
merueilous
great
battaile
fought
betwixt
him
,
his
Turkes
and
the
Tartars
.
And
finallie
,
Mahomet
the
second
of
that
name
Emperour
of
the
Turkes
,
that
wonderfull
Conquerour
,
that
did
so
prosper
in
all
battailes
,
and
besiegings
of
townes
,
that
he
wan
the
two
Empires
of
Constantinople
,
and
Trepizonda
,
and
killed
the
Emperour
Constantine
Dragon
Paleolego
,
as
also
the
Emperour
of
Trepizonda
,
called
Colojani
,
and
besides
conquered
ten
Kingdomes
of
Christians
,
and
slewe
foure
Kings
,
and
all
this
chieflie
by
his
notable
milicia
of
Archers
,
yet
notwithstanding
all
those
his
great
victories
and
conquests
,
in
a
great
battaile
fought
betwixt
him
and
that
famous
Vayuod
Iuan
Huniades
Coruino
,
he
was
himself
wounded
with
an
arrowe
,
and
his
Turkes
thereat
so
wonderfullie
amazed
,
that
thereupon
he
and
they
were
by
the
Christians
vanquished
,
and
compelled
with
great
disorder
,
dishonor
,
and
losse
of
his
people
to
retire
to
Constantinople
.
Which
notable
examples
of
wounding
,
and
killing
of
Emperours
,
Kings
,
and
great
Captaines
by
foraine
Archers
,
and
arrowes
inferiour
vnto
ours
,
may
verie
well
shewe
the
ouerweening
,
and
lacke
of
consideration
and
iudgement
of
our
such
men
of
warre
,
that
haue
sought
by
their
vaine
and
ignorant
speaches
and
words
,
to
deface
the
force
,
violence
,
and
wonderfull
effects
of
our
English
Archers
and
arrowes
,
contrarie
to
infinite
examples
and
notable
histories
in
diuers
languages
,
and
experiences
of
manie
conquering
Nations
,
and
most
excellent
Captaines
both
auncient
,
and
also
of
this
age
.
And
now
hauing
in
this
my
discourse
endeuoured
my selfe
by
manie
reasons
and
examples
,
to
make
manifest
how
our
such
men
of
warre
haue
mistaken
the
vse
and
effects
of
diuers
sorts
of
weapons
out
of
their
due
times
and
places
,
with
diuers
other
their
errors
Militarie
,
contrary
to
the
moderne
opinions
and
vse
of
diuers
forraine
warlike
Nations
,
as
also
that
I
haue
(
according
to
my
first
proposition
)
particularlie
set
downe
the
most
of
the
perfections
and
imperfections
of
Mosquettiers
and
Harquebuziers
,
&
of
their
weapons
,
with
the
perfections
and
imperfections
of
Archers
and
their
Bowes
,
with
manie
reasons
and
examples
also
to
shewe
and
proue
,
that
the
auncient
effects
of
our
Archers
and
arrowes
,
are
no
waies
decaied
nor
blemished
by
the
effects
of
Harquebuziers
and
Mosquettiers
,
but
that
they
doo
in
the
field
farre
exceed
and
excell
the
effects
of
all
weapons
of
fire
maniable
,
and
further
,
that
no
horsemen
nor
footmen
are
able
to
abide
the
terror
and
daunger
of
the
volees
of
our
arrowes
,
with
many
examples
of
battailes
,
victories
,
and
conquests
,
of
great
encounters
and
skirmishes
,
of
wounding
and
killing
of
mightie
Emperours
,
Kings
,
&
great
Captaines
with
arrowes
;
I
now
come
to
conclude
,
that
our
Archers
,
being
yet
so
excellent
as
they
are
,
although
in
number
not
so
manie
as
they
were
in
times
past
,
may
(
being
well
ordered
)
worke
as
great
or
greater
effects
in
the
field
,
France
,
and
other
wel
armed
Nations
,
but
also
against
the
shot
and
volees
of
armed
Crosse-bowers
;
who
as
they
were
verie
skilfull
with
that
weapon
in
those
daies
;
so
were
they
no
waies
inferiour
to
the
shot
of
Mosquettiers
and
Harquebuziers
of
these
our
daies
.
A
briefe
comparison
betwixt
Reisters
,
Carabins
,
or
Argolettiers
,
so
much
vsed
in
forren
parts
in
these
our
dayes
;
&
Crosse-bowers
and
Archers
on
horsebacke
,
which
were
vsed
by
the
English
,
and
diuers
other
Nations
many
yeares
past
:
With
mine
opinion
also
,
concerning
which
of
those
weapons
are
of
greatest
effect
for
seruices
in
the
field
.
DIuers
of
our
English
Captains
and
Gentlemen
that
haue
serued
in
the
〈◊〉
warres
of
the
Lowe
Countries
,
or
peraduenture
some
time
in
the
ciuill
warres
of
France
,
do
so
praise
and
magnifie
the
shot
of
Carabins
or
Argolettiers
(
as
they
terme
them
)
and
of
Reisters
,
which
are
Pistollettiers
,
that
they
will
not
admit
any
shot
on
horsebacke
to
be
comparable
vnto
them
,
imitating
therein
diuers
forren
Nations
,
that
in
these
dayes
doe
vse
those
weapons
on
horseback
.
In
which
their
opinions
I
doe
not
meane
to
touch
them
with
any
blame
,
because
I
do
not
remember
any
Nation
in
these
West
parts
of
Christendome
,
that
doe
vse
at
this
present
anie
other
.
Howbeit
,
when
I
come
to
consider
of
such
shot
on
horsebacke
as
hath
bene
vsed
in
times
past
,
which
are
the
Long-Bowe
and
the
Crosse-bowe
,
and
that
there
be
some
principall
Gentlemen
and
Captaines
of
diuerse
Nations
yet
aliue
,
that
haue
seen
them
vsed
in
the
field
,
as
namely
of
our
English
,
that
graue
and
most
experienced
Gentleman
sir
Iames
Crofte
;
&
that
I
do
compare
the
vnreadines
,
imperfections
and
small
effectes
of
the
weapons
of
fire
aforesaid
,
with
the
readinesse
,
perfections
and
great
effectes
of
Crosse-bowes
and
Long-bowes
.
I
doo
(
in
mine
opinion
)
greatly
prefer
those
two
ancient
weapons
on
horseback
before
the
said
weapons
of
fire
for
al
seruices
in
the
field
.
And
because
it
may
appeare
vnto
such
Gentlemen
as
may
peraduenture
reade
this
my
opinion
,
how
,
&
in
what
sort
I
would
haue
such
Archers
&
Crosse-bowers
to
be
horsed
,
armed
and
weaponed
,
I
will
first
make
mention
thereof
,
and
after
briefly
proceed
to
the
fortifieng
&
prouing
of
mine
opinion
by
diuers
reasons
.
All
the
Crosse-bowers
on
horsebacke
vnder
sufficient
conductours
well
skilled
in
that
weapon
,
Germanie
,
that
they
might
on
horsebacke
bend
their
Crossebowes
the
more
easily
and
readily
,
with
foure
and
twentie
quarrells
in
a
case
,
well
and
fitly
set
at
their
saddle
pommells
,
mounted
vpon
good
cold
geldings
of
meane
size
,
themselues
armed
with
good
murrians
of
the
Spanish
fashion
vpon
their
heades
,
collars
,
light
and
short
wasted
cuirasses
and
backes
,
with
sleeues
of
maile
or
chained
with
maile
;
or
else
,
that
they
should
be
armed
with
murrians
,
light
and
easie
Brigandines
,
and
sleeues
chained
with
maile
,
with
broad
short
swords
by
their
sides
of
not
aboue
a
yarde
in
length
,
Italians
,
Spaniards
,
or
French
that
haue
bene
vsed
to
receiue
the
pay
of
Emperours
or
Kings
:
and
if
it
be
of
the
Pistolettiers
,
then
to
the
Reisters
themselues
.
Argolettiers
,
Carabins
,
Pistolettiers
,
or
Reisters
considered
with
the
readinesses
,
aduantages
and
perfections
of
Archers
and
Crosse-bowers
for
all
seruices
in
the
field
.
I
come
to
conclude
,
that
Crosse-bowers
on
horsebacke
vsed
by
many
forren
Nations
of
great
antiquitie
,
and
that
Archers
on
horsebacke
vsed
by
our
auncestours
many
yeeres
past
,
as
also
at
this
present
by
the
Turkes
,
Tartars
,
Persians
,
Arabians
,
and
other
mightie
Nations
,
do
farre
exceede
and
excell
all
weapons
of
fire
on
horsebacke
.
An
exhortation
to
the
Magistrates
and
Gentlemen
of
England
.
THese
discourses
which
I
haue
handled
&
set
down
,
with
many
reasons
aledged
,
as
also
with
very
notable
examples
&
opinions
of
great
captaines
,
&
testimony
of
most
approued
histories
,
concerning
the
excellencie
of
Archers
and
diuerse
other
weapons
in
their
due
times
and
places
,
with
many
errours
and
abuses
militarie
by
our
such
men
of
war
practised
,
and
in
publike
places
perswaded
and
taught
,
I
haue
not
taken
in
hand
and
performed
with
anie
intention
or
hope
to
reduce
them
from
their
erroneous
opinions
martiall
,
or
to
perswade
them
to
giue
credit
to
any
thing
by
me
alleadged
and
proued
,
because
they
are
growen
to
such
a
selfe-wil
&
liking
of
their
owne
opinions
or
rather
fancies
militarie
,
that
their
ouerweening
,
wilfulnes
&
presumption
do
extend
so
far
,
that
diuers
of
the
chiefe
of
them
will
giue
no
credit
to
anie
historie
alledged
,
nor
anie
experience
nor
example
that
they
heare
by
their
elders
reported
,
nor
yet
any
thing
by
diuers
reasons
proued
;
but
onlie
vnto
their
owne
fancies
&
such
few
things
as
they
themselues
haue
seen
:
which
doth
most
euidently
argue
in
them
a
wonderfull
arrogancie
,
and
obstinat
barbarousnes
,
&
that
they
neither
haue
,
nor
euer
will
haue
any
understanding
in
the
science
militarie
.
For
it
hath
bin
alwais
a
principle
in
the
opinion
of
al
great
Captaines
,
as
also
in
all
reason
&
experience
,
that
no
man
can
attaine
to
any
sufficiencie
and
excellencie
in
the
arte
and
discipline
militarie
,
but
by
three
principall
meanes
,
that
is
,
by
seeing
actions
of
armes
&
of
war
performed
,
by
conference
with
others
to
vnderstand
the
reasons
of
things
in
action
or
already
done
,
&
by
the
discourses
of
men
of
experience
,
and
histories
of
things
in
times
past
performed
&
done
:
as
for
example
;
What
doth
it
auaile
any
Nobleman
or
Gentleman
how
excellent
a
wit
&
courage
soeuer
he
hath
,
incase
he
had
seene
all
the
chiefe
and
best
fortifications
that
are
in
Europe
,
as
also
many
encampings
of
armies
in
campes
formed
,
dislodgings
,
marchings
in
diuers
formes
,
with
many
battailes
,
skirmishes
and
great
encounters
:
If
hee
neglecting
to
learne
and
vnderstand
the
causes
of
those
things
which
hee
hath
seene
,
hath
giuen
himselfe
to
dicing
,
carding
,
making
of
loue
and
drunkennes
?
Or
if
his
pride
,
arrogancie
&
ouerweening
,
haue
so
possessed
him
,
that
he
hath
disdained
to
harken
or
confer
with
others
,
that
haue
bene
able
by
experience
to
instruct
and
giue
him
the
reasons
of
things
by
him
seene
;
Now
therfore
,
those
our
men
of
warre
being
such
as
I
haue
before
declared
,
and
that
notwithstanding
there
haue
been
such
wonderfull
opinions
conceiued
here
at
home
of
their
sufficiencie
,
that
they
haue
been
not
only
compared
with
the
greatest
Captaines
of
this
age
,
but
also
thought
to
bee
the
onlie
men
of
warre
of
Christendome
:
certeinlie
,
it
is
greatly
to
be
meruailed
at
how
any
such
opinion
should
bee
conceiued
of
them
,
considering
that
they
neuer
serued
in
any
imperiall
or
royall
warres
of
Emperors
,
Kings
,
nor
formed
Common
wealths
within
the
continent
of
Europe
,
Affricke
,
nor
Asia
,
where
they
might
attaine
to
any
such
knowledge
in
the
Art
Militarie
,
but
onlie
in
the
disordered
and
tumultuarie
warres
of
the
Lowe
Countries
vnder
the
States
(
where
the
soueraigne
gouernment
and
commaundement
hath
consisted
of
a
broken
and
vncertaine
authoritie
,
all
things
tending
(
with
great
disorder
and
confusion
)
more
to
the
spoyle
,
than
to
any
discipline
or
Martiall
seruice
)
or
peraduenture
some
verie
little
or
nothing
in
the
licencious
and
ciuil
warres
of
France
;
in
both
which
warres
for
the
lacke
of
certaine
and
assured
pay
for
the
men
of
warre
,
as
also
rewards
for
particular
and
extraordinarie
deserts
and
worthines
,
it
hath
been
impossible
to
establish
and
continue
any
formed
milicia
&
discipline
Militarie
,
de
la
Noüe
,
where
the
imperfections
and
insufficiencies
of
such
as
haue
attained
to
their
chiefe
skill
in
those
warres
,
are
verie
manifestlie
set
downe
.
To
the
particularities
whereof
(
because
his
booke
is
not
onelie
extant
in
French
,
but
also
translated
into
English
)
I
remit
those
that
are
disposed
to
see
and
consider
.
Besides
all
which
,
the
wonderfull
disorders
,
and
lack
of
vnderstanding
of
our
such
men
of
warre
,
in
all
their
proceedings
and
actions
Militarie
haue
been
such
,
so
many
,
and
so
great
,
almost
in
al
matters
that
they
haue
taken
in
hand
in
the
Lowe
Countrie
warres
,
that
not
onlie
in
the
iudgement
of
all
the
great
Captaines
Italians
,
Spaniards
,
Burgonnions
,
and
other
Nations
,
that
either
haue
knowne
their
seruices
,
or
serued
against
them
,
but
also
in
the
opinions
of
some
of
the
wiser
sort
of
the
States
themselues
,
they
haue
been
iudged
to
bee
men
of
no
vnderstanding
,
nor
sufficiencie
in
matters
of
warre
,
although
it
hath
bin
giuen
out
and
reported
farre
otherwise
to
their
aduantage
here
at
home
amongst
vs
,
altogether
to
their
merueilous
and
incredible
commendations
and
praises
:
wherevpon
there
hath
been
such
credite
giuen
to
their
fond
speaches
and
ignorant
perswasions
,
by
the
better
sort
of
our
Nation
,
that
they
haue
not
onelie
since
our
Nation
began
first
to
go
ouer
to
serue
as
mercenarie
soldiers
in
the
Low
Countries
vnder
the
States
,
brought
in
great
numbers
of
disorders
and
abuses
Militarie
,
farre
different
,
or
rather
cleane
contrarie
to
the
auncient
and
moderne
experience
,
vse
,
and
proceedings
of
all
warlike
Nations
,
but
also
in
a
great
part
defaced
,
and
decaied
the
accompt
,
vse
,
and
exercise
of
our
most
excellent
weapon
the
Long-bowe
;
which
in
short
time
to
come
(
if
it
be
not
verie
speedilie
prouided
for
by
the
execution
of
such
penall
statute
lawes
,
as
haue
been
in
times
past
ordained
and
established
for
the
exercise
and
maintenance
of
the
same
)
will
growe
to
bee
forgotten
,
and
in
a
manner
vtterlie
extinguished
;
which
,
if
through
the
negligence
of
the
better
sort
of
our
Nation
,
imitating
and
following
the
simple
and
ignorant
opinions
of
our
such
vnskilfull
men
of
warre
,
it
should
come
to
passe
,
it
doth
in
mine
opinion
argue
nothing
more
,
than
that
God
hath
withdrawne
his
hand
,
and
all
right
iudgment
in
matters
Militarie
from
vs
,
and
that
in
time
to
come
,
vpon
any
great
warre
either
offenciue
or
defenciue
,
we
shall
,
when
it
is
too
late
,
repent
the
same
,
greatlie
to
the
hazard
and
perill
of
our
Prince
,
Countrie
and
Nation
.
The
consideration
whereof
,
for
the
great
loue
that
I
haue
alwaies
borne
,
and
doo
still
,
according
to
my
duetie
,
And
now
to
make
an
end
,
I
doo
againe
(
as
I
did
in
the
beginning
of
my
discourse
)
notifie
that
mine
intention
hath
no
waies
extended
by
any
thing
in
my
discourses
contained
,
Honor
&
gloria
in
excelsis
,
Deo
,
omnipotenti
,
sempiterno
,
&
incomprehensibili
.
Amen
.