Certen
Instructions
,
obseruations
and
orders
military
,
requisit
for
al
Chieftains
,
Captains
,
and
higher
and
lower
men
of
charge
,
&
officers
to
vnderstand
,
know
and
obserue
.
Composed
by
sir
Iohn
Smythe
,
knight
,
1591.
THE
first
thing
belonging
to
the
Art
and
Science
Militarie
,
practised
by
all
Warlike
Nations
in
all
ages
hath
bin
,
that
al
Captains
after
they
haue
receiued
the
charge
of
bands
or
companies
of
horsmen
or
footmen
armed
&
weaponed
,
according
to
the
discipline
and
vse
of
the
Nation
that
they
are
of
;
haue
first
instructed
and
taught
their
souldiors
to
reduce
themselues
into
their
simple
and
single
order
of
ranks
,
and
to
weare
,
carry
,
and
vse
all
their
weapons
in
soldior-like
manner
,
according
to
the
nature
and
effect
of
euery
different
sort
of
them
,
without
which
readilie
and
orderlie
performed
and
dulie
obserued
,
with
all
obedience
,
neyther
Captains
,
officers
,
nor
their
soldiors
,
can
in
right
vnderstanding
be
accounted
worthy
to
beare
the
name
of
men
of
warre
;
and
therfore
I
will
first
begin
with
the
orderlie
reducing
of
a
band
into
forme
to
march
in
their
rankes
as
followeth
.
All
Captaines
,
Lieutenants
,
and
Sergeants
of
bands
,
are
first
to
consider
before
they
do
reduce
their
bands
of
souldiors
into
their
simple
and
single
order
of
ranks
,
All
which
being
by
them
and
their
officers
considered
,
Ranke
your selues
harquebuziers
fiue
in
a
ranke
,
appointing
them
the
ground
where
the
soldiors
of
the
first
ranke
shall
reduce
themselues
;
and
so
likewise
the
like
briefe
wordes
and
orders
are
to
bee
pronounced
to
the
Archers
,
to
the
Musquetiers
,
and
to
the
armed
men
:
which
being
by
them
heard
,
euery
different
sort
of
those
weapons
ought
with
all
celeritie
to
reduce
themselues
throughout
their
compertiments
into
the
foresaid
number
of
5.
in
a
ranke
,
But
because
when
soldiors
doo
begin
to
reduce
themselues
into
ranks
after
the
number
pronounced
by
their
Captains
or
Sergeants
,
that
in
the
first
,
second
,
or
third
ranke
,
or
else
in
some
of
the
rest
of
the
rankes
,
there
happen
sometimes
more
soldiors
to
fa●l
into
some
of
those
rankes
,
then
there
should
be
by
the
number
pronounced
,
(
as
aforesaid
)
and
that
those
soldiors
that
came
last
into
that
ranke
or
those
ranks
,
And
the
like
briefe
speeches
and
prescribed
orders
of
reducements
by
the
left
flanke
the
one
of
th'
other
may
serue
for
horsmen
,
be
they
men
at
Armes
,
Launces
,
borderers
or
Stradiots
,
or
of
any
other
kinde
of
armor
and
weapon
on
horsebacke
.
As
for
example
,
If
a
Captaine
or
Lieutenant
of
men
at
Armes
,
or
Dimilances
would
reduce
his
companie
into
their
simple
or
single
order
of
rankes
,
Ranke
your selues
Launces
three
in
a
ranke
,
or
4
or
5
in
a
ranke
,
or
as
it
shal
please
him
:
Vpon
which
speaches
pronounced
,
all
his
whole
band
or
companie
is
to
performe
his
commandement
and
words
pronounced
with
the
like
obseruations
as
are
before
prescribed
vnto
the
bands
of
footmen
,
hauing
alwaies
speciall
regard
to
their
proportionate
distances
in
frunt
and
by
flanks
.
And
these
prescribed
orders
before
set
downe
,
al
soldiors
bee
they
horsmen
or
footmen
ought
to
know
&
performe
with
all
celerity
,
quietnes
,
&
silence
,
vpon
very
seuere
punishment
.
Now
the
Captain
or
Captains
hauing
reduced
their
soldiors
into
their
simple
,
or
single
order
of
ranks
or
into
any
forme
of
square
,
&
that
the
soldiors
piquers
do
stand
at
their
piques
,
the
butends
on
the
ground
,
and
the
points
vpright
,
and
that
the
Captain
,
Lieutenant
,
or
Sergeants
would
haue
them
to
march
,
they
are
then
to
say
to
the
first
ranke
:
Shoulder
your
piques
and
march
;
which
is
as
much
to
say
:
But
whereas
in
this
place
I
doe
instruct
that
all
the
soldiors
of
the
first
ranke
,
and
so
subsequentlie
of
all
the
rest
of
the
rankes
one
after
another
should
first
fall
back
with
their
right
feet
,
almost
a
foot
behind
their
left
,
to
the
intent
that
their
piques
should
fall
the
more
leisurely
to
their
shoulders
,
and
that
then
all
the
soldiors
of
the
first
ranke
at
one
instant
should
raise
and
lift
vp
their
left
feet
about
a
handfull
from
the
ground
,
and
letting
them
fall
againe
to
the
ground
should
march
forward
,
first
with
their
right
feet
;
that
instruction
I
doe
giue
partlie
in
respect
that
the
same
being
orderlie
performed
as
aforsaid
,
it
dooth
giue
a
very
comelie
grace
vnto
the
soldiors
in
their
first
beginning
to
march
,
but
chiefelie
because
that
the
leisurely
falling
backe
of
all
the
soldiors
of
the
first
ranke
with
their
right
feet
,
to
shoulder
their
piques
,
and
so
subsequentlie
of
all
the
rest
of
the
rankes
one
after
another
,
with
the
lifting
vp
also
of
their
left
feet
about
a
hand
full
from
the
ground
,
is
a
warning
to
euery
hinder
ranke
presently
to
prepare
themselues
to
march
,
whereas
by
not
performing
the
same
or
the
like
leisurely
and
soldiorlike
warning
vpon
the
stroke
of
the
drum
or
briefe
speeches
pronounced
as
aforesaid
,
it
often
commeth
to
passe
that
the
soldiors
of
the
second
ranke
,
are
suddenlie
,
and
disorderly
cast
too
great
a
distance
behind
the
first
ranke
,
and
so
consequentlie
all
the
rest
of
the
rankes
,
by
the
sudden
shouldering
of
their
piques
,
and
stepping
forward
of
the
first
ranke
.
And
I
doe
further
aduertise
that
the
soldiors
piquers
of
any
priuate
band
marching
in
their
single
order
of
rankes
doe
in
any
wise
obserue
the
distances
of
16.
or
else
18.
feet
betwixt
euerie
rank
&
ranke
by
flankes
,
and
6.
or
else
7.
And
in
this
place
because
I
haue
mentioned
and
touched
the
distances
that
ought
to
be
obserued
by
a
single
band
of
piquers
,
and
other
weapons
marching
in
their
simple
and
single
order
of
ranks
,
I
thought
it
were
a
conuenient
place
also
to
handle
and
write
at
large
of
the
many
and
different
distances
that
ought
to
be
obserued
as
well
in
frunt
;
that
is
in
euery
ranke
from
frunt
to
backe
,
as
by
flanks
,
that
is
betwixt
euery
ranke
and
ranke
,
not
only
by
single
bands
,
but
also
by
squadrons
and
battels
for
many
purposes
,
and
that
not
onelie
by
footmen
,
but
also
by
horsmen
of
diuers
different
sortes
of
armour
and
weapons
.
Howbeit
considering
that
the
same
hath
been
briefelie
touched
although
to
no
great
purpose
by
some
other
writers
of
forreigne
Nations
;
And
that
if
I
should
enter
to
write
and
discourse
of
those
matters
effectuallie
,
it
would
require
manie
sheetes
of
paper
,
and
therefore
would
be
very
long
and
tedious
to
the
Reader
,
I
thought
good
to
ouerpasse
those
particularities
as
thinges
very
well
knowne
to
all
skilfull
men
of
warre
of
all
warlike
nations
,
and
to
proceed
to
other
matters
that
doe
require
more
particular
instruction
.
And
as
piquers
and
short
weapons
either
in
single
bands
,
or
reduced
into
squadrons
,
are
for
diuers
purposes
to
reforme
themselues
into
such
varietie
of
distances
:
Euen
so
weapons
of
volee
reduced
into
sleeues
,
wings
,
and
other
formes
,
are
to
vse
some
of
the
like
,
and
other
sorts
of
distances
.
And
as
footmen
are
for
such
different
causes
and
occasions
to
obserue
such
varietie
of
distances
as
aforesaid
:
Euen
so
horsmen
of
diuers
armors
and
weapons
,
as
men
at
Armes
,
Dimilaunces
,
Stradiots
,
Reistres
,
and
other
sorts
of
light
horsemen
,
are
to
reduce
themselues
into
diuers
different
distances
according
to
the
effects
and
nature
of
their
armors
and
weapons
;
and
are
again
to
reforme
themselues
into
other
distances
according
to
new
occasions
and
directions
,
sometimes
for
one
purpose
and
sometimes
for
others
.
All
which
variety
&
different
sorts
of
distances
and
many
others
are
of
very
great
difficulty
,
to
bee
by
writing
rightly
expressed
in
their
iust
and
proportionate
measures
;
and
yet
the
notwithstanding
it
is
a
thing
of
so
great
facilitie
for
all
good
and
diligent
Captaines
and
officers
aswell
of
horsemen
as
of
footmen
,
only
by
sight
of
eye
and
ordinarie
practise
to
instruct
and
reduce
their
souldiors
vpon
any
different
occasions
into
all
sorts
of
distances
either
in
Towne
,
Campe
,
or
field
,
according
to
the
Art
and
scyence
Militarie
;
as
that
there
is
not
any
Captaine
,
Lieutenant
,
nor
Sergeants
of
band
,
that
are
any
waies
worthie
to
haue
the
charge
or
mannaging
of
a
band
of
footemen
;
nor
any
Captaine
,
Lieutenant
,
Conductor
,
nor
Decurion
of
horsmen
,
that
are
any
waies
worthy
to
haue
the
ordering
&
managing
of
any
sorts
of
horsemen
vnder
their
charges
,
if
they
doo
not
very
well
know
all
different
sortes
of
distances
according
to
discipline
,
that
they
are
to
reduce
their
soldiors
into
.
And
if
the
Captaine
or
officers
aforesaid
,
would
haue
their
souldiors
to
stay
their
march
and
make
a
stand
;
then
the
Captain
,
Lieutenant
,
or
Sergeant
is
to
say
to
the
first
ranke
of
piquers
Auance
your
piques
:
which
words
being
pronounced
,
al
the
soldiors
piquers
,
And
whereas
it
hath
beene
of
long
time
vsed
,
and
stil
is
by
many
Italian
,
Walloun
,
and
French
Captains
,
and
so
likewise
by
some
other
Captaines
of
other
Nations
,
that
they
doo
instruct
their
soldiors
marching
in
their
simple
or
single
order
of
rankes
of
5.
or
6.
or
7.
or
other
such
numbers
,
as
also
when
they
are
reduced
into
squadron
,
that
all
the
piquers
that
doo
march
of
the
left
flank
or
side
of
the
band
or
squadron
,
should
carrie
all
their
piques
vpon
their
left
shoulders
,
as
●y
piquers
marching
vpon
the
right
flanke
doo
carry
theirs
vpon
their
right
shoulders
;
and
this
to
the
intent
(
as
they
say
)
that
the
piquers
of
the
left
flanke
or
side
of
the
band
or
squadron
carrying
their
piques
vpon
their
left
shoulders
,
doo
in
the
same
carrying
of
their
piques
,
greatly
beautifie
the
band
or
squadron
in
the
eies
of
the
beholders
:
whereas
,
if
otherwise
all
the
piquers
of
the
left
flank
should
carrie
their
piques
vpon
their
right
shoulders
,
as
those
of
the
right
flanke
doo
,
that
it
would
not
make
so
good
a
shew
,
as
by
carrying
their
piques
vpon
their
left
shoulders
:
Thervnto
I
say
,
that
I
haue
knowne
diuers
Italians
,
and
namelie
Marco
Antonio
Colonna
,
Ascanio
de
la
Corna
,
&
Chapin
Vitelli
:
all
which
three
were
very
notable
gentlemen
and
great
Captains
,
that
did
greatlie
mislike
that
the
piquers
of
the
left
flanke
of
a
band
or
squadron
,
Also
if
there
were
any
piquers
that
were
left
handed
from
their
youth
,
I
wold
wish
them
to
carrie
their
piques
vpon
their
right
shoulders
,
and
to
practise
and
vse
their
piques
with
their
right
hands
,
in
couching
and
making
head
with
them
against
either
horsmen
or
footmen
,
and
in
all
other
militarie
exercises
and
actions
.
And
because
such
left
handed
soldiors
doo
weare
their
swordes
vpon
their
right
sides
,
I
would
wish
that
they
should
not
be
placed
neither
in
single
bandes
,
nor
in
squadrons
,
vpon
the
vttermost
flankes
or
sides
of
them
,
but
in
some
other
of
the
inner
ranks
.
And
here
it
is
to
be
noted
that
in
reducing
of
a
single
band
or
companie
of
soldiors
into
their
simple
,
Also
it
is
furder
to
be
noted
that
if
a
Captain
,
marching
with
hi●
band
in
his
simple
or
single
order
of
3.
Double
your
ranks
by
right
line
:
vpon
which
briefe
words
and
directions
,
the
sergeant
presently
ought
to
command
the
drummer
or
drūmers
to
strike
the
doubling
of
the
ranks
;
or
else
himself
is
to
command
the
second
rank
of
piquers
to
enter
into
●y
first
rank
of
piquers
,
&
at
the
same
instant
the
fourth
rank
to
enter
into
●y
third
rank
,
and
the
sixt
into
the
fift
rank
,
&
so
subsequently
in
the
like
order
,
all
the
rest
of
the
ranks
to
enter
one
into
another
;
so
as
if
they
were
before
but
5.
in
a
rank
in
their
single
order
,
they
are
nowe
by
this
doubling
of
ranks
by
right
line
becom
10.
in
a
rank
.
Triple
your
rankes
by
right
line
,
Triple
your
ranks
soldiors
by
both
the
flanks
throughout
.
Vppon
which
briefe
speaches
pronounced
either
by
the
Captain
,
Lieutenant
,
or
Sergeants
,
the
second
&
third
ranks
are
presentlie
to
march
vp
to
the
flanks
of
the
first
ranke
,
that
is
to
be
vnderstood
,
that
the
second
rank
shall
march
to
the
right
flanke
of
the
fift
ranke
,
and
the
third
ranke
to
the
left
flanke
of
the
said
first
ranke
,
vntil
they
be
al
of
one
equall
frunt
,
and
in
like
and
equall
distances
;
at
which
time
likewise
the
fift
and
sixt
ranks
shall
in
the
very
same
order
and
sort
march
vp
to
both
the
flankes
of
the
fourth
ranke
,
and
the
eighth
and
the
ninth
ranks
shall
march
vp
to
both
the
flanks
of
the
seuenth
rank
,
and
so
subsequentlie
all
the
rest
of
the
ranks
that
are
of
any
one
sort
of
weapon
shall
march
vp
to
both
the
flanks
of
the
ranks
of
the
like
sort
of
weapon
before
them
:
so
as
of
5.
that
euerie
rank
did
at
the
first
consist
in
their
simple
and
single
order
they
are
now
by
this
trypling
of
rankes
by
both
the
flanks
as
aforesaid
reduced
,
to
be
.
15.
in
euerie
ranke
throughout
.
But
because
by
this
kinde
of
trypling
of
rankes
,
as
also
in
trypling
of
them
by
right
lyne
,
the
fourth
ranke
is
now
become
to
be
the
second
ranke
,
and
the
seuenth
the
third
rank
,
and
so
subsequently
in
the
rest
,
and
that
therfore
euery
one
of
those
rankes
are
too
great
a
distance
by
flanke
the
one
from
the
other
,
they
must
euerie
ranke
presently
vpon
their
first
trypling
performed
,
march
vp
vntill
they
finde
themselues
in
such
conuenient
distances
and
nearenes
by
flankes
one
ranke
to
another
,
as
the
Captaine
,
Lieutenant
or
Seargeants
shal
thinke
requisite
.
But
here
it
is
to
be
noted
that
in
case
the
last
ranke
or
the
two
last
rankes
shall
by
this
kinde
of
trypling
and
reducing
by
flankes
as
afore
said
,
But
in
the
performance
of
this
before
set
downe
,
the
Captaine
and
his
officers
,
are
furder
to
consider
that
in
that
doubling
of
rankes
by
right
line
,
or
encresing
them
by
flankes
,
they
must
take
heed
that
they
do
not
confuse
or
confound
their
rankes
,
by
making
two
sorts
of
weapons
to
enter
into
any
one
rancke
;
as
to
make
any
piquer
to
enter
into
any
rank
of
halbarders
,
or
any
harquebuzier
into
any
rank
of
archers
,
or
any
archers
to
enter
into
any
ranke
of
musquetiers
,
nor
yet
any
harquebuziers
at
any
time
to
enter
into
any
rank
of
musquetiers
,
although
they
be
both
weapons
of
fire
,
because
that
to
mingle
two
sorts
of
weapo●s
of
different
force
and
qualitie
in
one
rank
,
it
is
a
great
scorne
and
contrarie
to
al
true
discipline
.
But
now
if
any
man
will
aske
the
causes
wherfore
in
reducing
this
band
of
5.
sorts
of
weapons
into
their
simple
&
single
order
of
4.
5.
or
6.
in
a
rank
,
I
placed
the
harquebuziers
formost
,
and
the
archers
betwixt
them
and
the
mosquetiers
,
and
the
musquetiers
next
vnto
the
piquers
.
Therevnto
I
answer
,
And
heere
it
is
furder
to
be
noted
,
Also
it
is
furder
to
be
noted
that
the
Ensignebearer
marching
in
the
midst
of
his
band
or
companie
through
any
Cittie
or
great
Towne
,
Also
I
would
wish
that
all
Ensignebearers
should
bee
armed
in
this
sort
following
(
viz
)
Also
I
would
wish
that
the
Ensignebearer
should
haue
a
Deputy
Ensignebearer
,
Also
I
would
that
the
same
Deputie
Ensignebearer
should
take
the
like
oath
for
the
guard
and
defence
of
the
Ensigne
that
the
Ensignebearer
himselfe
hath
taken
,
Also
I
would
wish
the
Seargeants
of
the
band
,
and
of
all
bands
to
be
armed
in
all
points
like
to
the
Ensignebearer
as
is
before
set
downe
,
Also
a
Captaine
leading
his
band
through
any
Cittie
or
great
Towne
ought
to
march
in
his
Corslet
compleat
,
Also
it
is
a
great
shame
for
any
Captaine
,
●or
Lieutenant
of
a
band
of
footmen
to
ride
in
the
fielde
before
or
with
his
band
vpon
any
liuely
or
swift
running
horse
or
Gelding
,
And
here
it
is
further
to
be
noted
,
that
after
all
these
aforesaid
reducements
of
a
single
band
into
diuers
orders
and
formes
as
aforesaid
,
that
neyther
in
Camp
,
field
,
nor
town
,
they
must
break
their
ranks
to
go
into
their
quarter
to
lodge
,
vntil
their
Captain
,
Lieutenant
,
or
sergeant
doo
come
and
giue
licence
to
the
Ensignebearer
to
depart
out
of
his
place
and
lodge
;
which
Ensignebearer
departing
with
his
Ensigne
in
his
hand
,
out
of
his
place
wheras
he
before
marched
,
and
himselfe
pronouncing
to
●y
soldiors
next
about
him
that
they
may
lodge
,
they
all
then
may
,
some
conuenient
number
acompanying
&
guarding
the
Ensignebearer
with
his
Ensigne
orderlie
,
and
with
silence
breake
their
rankes
and
lodge
,
and
goe
into
their
quarter
,
or
may
in
the
Campe
or
Towne
make
prouision
of
victuall
,
and
other
things
as
they
think
most
requisite
:
And
the
like
is
to
be
performed
aswel
by
squadrons
composed
of
diuers
Ensignes
as
by
one
priuate
band
;
that
is
,
that
a
squadron
being
reduced
into
forme
within
●y
market
place
of
a
Towne
,
And
if
a
Captain
or
diuers
Captains
,
or
their
officers
would
haue
their
piquers
standing
at
their
piques
auanced
as
is
before
written
to
take
their
piques
into
the
boultes
of
their
armes
,
Vpright
your
piques
,
which
is
asmuch
to
say
,
take
the
butends
of
your
piques
into
the
palmes
of
your
right
hands
,
&
carry
them
in
the
boultes
of
your
armes
with
the
pointes
vpright
towards
the
heauens
:
which
being
performed
by
the
first
ranke
,
then
the
second
,
third
,
fourth
and
fift
rankes
,
and
so
consequentlie
all
the
rest
of
the
rankes
one
after
another
ought
to
vpright
their
piques
as
aforesaid
.
And
if
all
the
piquers
of
a
band
,
or
diuers
bandes
being
reduced
into
any
forme
of
squadron
in
the
field
,
&
hauing
vprighted
their
piques
in
the
boultes
of
their
armes
as
aforesaid
,
and
that
the
Sergeant
Maior
or
Captaines
.
would
haue
their
piquers
to
charge
or
to
receaue
a
charge
of
another
square
of
piquers
their
Enemies
,
Straighten
and
close
your
rankes
,
couch
your
piques
and
charge
:
which
being
pronounced
,
all
the
piquers
of
the
first
ranke
must
ioine
,
and
close
themselues
close
in
frunt
,
letting
fall
the
points
of
their
piques
and
carying
them
close
breasthigh
with
both
their
hands
steadilie
and
firmely
,
the
points
full
in
the
faces
of
their
Enemies
:
And
the
second
ranke
likewise
straightning
and
closing
themselues
by
flanke
and
frunt
,
and
ioyning
themselues
to
the
backe
of
the
first
ranke
,
and
following
them
steppe
with
steppe
carrying
their
piques
abouehand
ouer
the
shoulders
of
the
first
ranke
,
But
in
this
place
I
thinke
good
further
to
notefie
vnto
the
Readers
of
these
mine
instructions
that
in
the
yeare
.
1588.
But
after
all
this
it
may
be
,
that
some
very
curious
and
not
skilfull
in
actions
of
Armes
,
may
demand
what
the
formost
rankes
of
this
well
ordered
and
practised
squadron
before
mentioned
shall
doo
after
they
haue
giuen
their
aforesaid
puissant
blows
&
thrusts
with
their
piques
incase
that
they
doo
not
at
the
first
incountry
ouerthrow
and
breake
the
contrary
squadron
of
their
enemies
:
thervnto
I
say
,
that
the
foremost
rankes
of
the
squadron
hauing
with
the
points
of
their
piques
lighted
vppon
the
bare
faces
of
the
formost
ranks
of
their
enemies
,
or
vpon
their
Collers
,
pouldrons
,
quirasses
,
tasses
,
or
disarmed
parts
of
their
thighes
;
by
which
blowes
giuen
they
haue
either
slaine
,
ouerthrown
,
or
wounded
those
that
they
haue
lighted
vpon
,
or
that
the
points
of
their
piques
lighting
vppon
their
armours
haue
glanced
off
,
and
beyond
them
;
in
such
sort
as
by
the
nearnes
of
the
formost
ranks
of
their
enemies
before
them
,
they
haue
not
spaceenough
againe
to
thrust
;
nor
that
by
the
nearnes
of
their
fellowes
ranks
next
behind
them
,
they
haue
any
conuenient
elbowe
roome
to
pull
backe
their
piques
to
giue
a
new
thrust
;
by
meanes
whereof
they
haue
vtterly
loste
the
vse
of
their
piques
,
they
therfore
must
either
presentlie
let
them
fall
to
the
ground
as
vnprofitable
;
or
else
may
with
both
their
hands
dart
,
and
throw
them
as
farre
forward
into
&
amongst
the
ranks
of
their
enemies
as
they
can
,
to
the
intent
by
the
length
of
them
to
trouble
their
ranks
,
and
presently
in
the
twinkling
of
an
eie
or
instant
,
must
draw
their
short
arming
swordes
and
daggers
,
and
giue
a
blow
and
thrust
(
tearmed
a
halfe
reuerse
,
&
thrust
)
all
at
,
and
in
one
time
at
their
faces
:
And
therewithall
must
presentlie
in
an
instant
,
with
their
daggers
in
their
left
hands
,
thrust
at
the
bottome
of
their
enemies
bellies
vnder
the
lammes
of
their
Cuyrasses
,
or
at
any
other
disarmed
parts
:
In
such
sort
as
then
al
the
ranks
of
the
whol
squadron
one
at
the
heeles
of
the
other
pressing
in
order
forward
,
doo
with
short
weapons
,
and
with
the
force
of
their
ranks
closed
,
seeke
to
wound
,
open
,
or
beare
ouer
the
rankes
of
their
enemies
to
their
vtter
ruine
:
At
which
time
and
action
all
the
inner
rankes
of
piques
sauing
the
first
,
4.
or
5.
ranks
,
can
with
their
piques
worke
no
effect
,
by
reason
that
the
said
4.
or
5.
rankes
before
them
being
next
to
their
enemies
,
are
so
neare
and
close
together
,
that
they
cannot
with
any
thrust
vse
the
pointes
of
their
piques
against
their
said
enemies
,
without
endangering
or
disordering
their
fellowes
before
them
;
For
which
causes
by
al
reason
and
experience
militarie
,
short
staued
,
long
edged
,
and
short
and
strong
pointed
battleaxes
or
halbards
,
of
the
length
of
5.
foot
or
5.
foot
and
a
halfe
in
all
their
lengths
,
at
the
vttermost
,
in
the
hands
of
lustie
and
well
armed
soldiors
that
doo
follow
the
first
5.
rankes
of
piquers
at
the
heeles
,
doo
both
with
blow
at
the
head
,
and
thrust
at
the
face
,
worke
wonderfull
effects
,
and
doo
carrie
all
to
the
ground
.
By
all
which
particularities
before
alleaged
and
declared
,
I
thinke
it
may
be
apparant
to
all
such
as
are
not
obstinatelie
ignorant
,
that
Battles
and
squadrons
of
piquers
in
the
field
when
they
doo
incounter
and
charge
one
another
,
are
not
by
any
reason
or
experience
mylitarie
to
stand
al
day
thrusting
,
pushing
,
and
foining
one
at
another
,
as
some
doo
most
vainelie
imagine
,
but
ought
according
to
all
experience
with
one
puissant
charge
and
thrush
to
enter
and
disorder
,
wound
,
open
,
and
break
the
one
the
other
,
as
is
before
at
large
declared
.
And
if
all
the
piquers
of
a
band
or
of
diuers
bands
beeing
reduced
into
any
forme
of
squadron
,
should
be
charged
with
a
square
or
troupe
of
horsemen
,
hauing
their
piques
vprighted
in
the
pal●●s
of
their
hands
,
and
boults
of
their
arms
(
as
abouesaid
)
and
the
sergeant
Maiors
and
Captains
seeing
the
Launces
ready
to
charge
them
,
Straighten
and
close
your
ranks
close
,
couch
your
piques
and
make
head
:
which
beeing
by
them
pronounced
,
al
the
soldiors
in
the
first
rank
shuld
close
themselues
in
an
instant
in
frunt
,
and
setting
the
but-ends
of
their
piques
vnder
their
right
feet
firmely
to
stay
the
endes
of
them
from
sliding
,
they
should
hold
their
piques
with
their
left
hands
,
about
a
yard
and
a
quarter
from
the
butends
,
leaning
their
right
knees
strongly
vpon
their
piques
to
keepe
them
the
more
firme
,
&
should
direct
the
points
verie
lowe
towards
the
breasts
of
their
enemies
horses
,
But
it
is
to
be
noted
that
in
case
the
Sergeant
Maior
be
disposed
to
reduce
three
rankes
of
Harqueb●ziers
,
or
else
two
rankes
of
mosquetiers
,
and
those
not
too
thicke
before
the
frunt
of
the
squadron
of
piques
,
to
the
intent
to
giue
a
volee
of
shorte
at
the
Launces
approching
;
then
the
piquers
of
the
first
ranke
must
not
sette
their
piques
vnder
their
right
feet
with
their
swords
drawne
(
as
aforesaid
)
but
the
saide
two
rankes
of
mosquetiers
,
[
a
](A12568-e3450-b)
a
Euerie
Geometricall
pace
doth
consist
of
5
foot
,
&
euerie
foot
doth
consist
of
12
Geometrical
inches
,
or
inches
(
as
we
terme
them
)
by
the
Rule
,
&
so
it
is
to
be
vnderstoode
by
the
Reader
in
all
my
writinges
,
where
I
speake
of
paces
.
paces
.
And
then
the
first
ranke
of
piquers
,
as
also
the
second
,
third
,
and
fourth
,
[
b
](A12568-e3480-b)
b
The
order
that
mosquetiers
should
obserue
in
charging
their
peeces
in
the
foresaid
action
.
Aduising
all
Conductors
and
leaders
of
mosquet
shot
that
in
this
or
the
like
action
of
arms
before
declared
they
do
instruct
&
giue
order
to
al
their
mosquetiers
to
charge
their
mosquets
with
5.
or
6.
round
hailshot
of
war
of
the
heigth
of
Reistres
pistoll
bullets
which
are
called
by
the
Spaniards
Perdigones
de
guerra
:
and
that
they
do
thrust
betweene
the
powder
and
the
hailshot
some
conuenient
quantitie
of
browne
or
soft
paper
,
or
something
else
to
restraine
and
keepe
the
powder
close
together
,
and
then
to
put
in
the
round
haileshot
of
warre
,
&
againe
to
thrust
after
the
same
a
conuenient
quantity
of
browne
paper
or
something
else
to
keepe
the
haileshot
close
together
,
and
to
restraine
both
powder
and
shot
;
in
such
sort
as
therby
the
powder
may
carry
the
haileshot
the
further
,
and
giue
the
greater
blow
,
which
within
10.
15.
or
20.
paces
is
of
great
effect
.
But
in
this
case
the
mosquetiers
must
take
great
heed
,
that
they
do
not
ouercharge
their
peeces
with
powder
,
nor
with
aboue
the
nomber
of
.5
.
or
.6
.
haileshott
of
warre
at
the
most
,
as
aforesaid
;
least
that
their
peeces
should
break
or
recoile
,
and
so
ouerthrow
them
to
the
trouble
of
the
piquers
,
from
vnder
whose
piques
they
are
to
discharge
their
peeces
:
And
this
manner
of
discharging
of
haileshot
of
warre
by
mosquetiers
is
for
diuers
times
and
places
of
seruice
,
of
great
effect
,
so
as
they
giue
no
volee
at
the
enemie
aboue
.20
.
paces
at
the
furthest
.
And
I
do
furder
aduertise
that
no
musquetiers
,
nor
harquebuziers
,
reduced
vnder
the
guarde
of
a
sqadron
of
piquers
,
should
giue
any
volee
,
or
volees
of
shot
neither
with
full
bullets
nor
with
any
haileshot
of
warre
at
anysquadron
or
troupe
of
Launces
charging
,
or
approaching
to
charge
neither
.300
.200
.
nor
yet
.100
.
paces
,
with
intent
to
recharge
againe
,
and
to
giue
a
new
volee
:
Because
that
both
by
reason
and
experience
the
first
volee
either
of
mosquets
,
or
harquebuezes
,
being
charged
as
they
ought
to
be
either
with
haileshott
of
warre
,
or
full
bullets
,
and
being
giuen
within
.10
.
15.
or
.
20.
paces
at
the
Launces
comming
in
their
Carrire
to
charge
,
doth
terrefie
,
wound
and
kill
more
horses
and
men
,
then
.
10.
volees
of
musquets
or
harquebuzes
giuen
.
300.
200.
or
.
100
paces
distant
can
do
.
And
this
encouering
of
shot
with
piques
(
abouesayd
)
at
my
trayning
of
Maister
Barringtons
,
Maister
Westons
,
and
Maister
Maxeies
bandes
at
Chelmesford
this
last
sommer
.
1588.
I
did
shewe
vnto
them
and
to
their
officers
both
by
actuall
demonstrations
and
reasons
with
diuers
other
perticularities
appertaining
both
to
horsemen
and
footmen
.
But
now
whereas
there
be
diuers
that
haue
conceiued
an
opinion
from
the
discourse
of
Mounser
de
la
Noüe
,
But
peraduenture
som
body
not
experienced
in
that
straightening
&
closing
of
a
squadron
of
armed
footmen
by
frunt
and
flanks
,
will
say
;
the
althogh
al
the
ranks
of
piquers
both
by
frunt
,
flanks
,
&
back
,
do
straighten
&
close
themselues
to
make
head
against
the
launces
(
as
aforsaid
)
yet
that
the
harquebuziers
that
are
within
the
squadron
may
remain
so
inlarged
in
their
ranks
,
as
that
they
shal
haue
so
much
elbowe
room
without
any
waies
troubling
or
touching
one
another
,
that
they
may
with
great
facility
discharg
their
peeces
ouer
the
heads
of
the
piquers
before
them
without
any
waies
troubling
them
,
or
endangering
the
firing
of
their
flasks
&
touchboxes
to
the
great
mischiefe
of
the
Launces
.
Whervnto
it
is
to
be
answered
,
But
now
furthermore
,
if
any
number
of
souldiors
of
what
weapon
soeuer
they
bee
,
beeing
reduced
into
any
forme
of
square
,
and
that
the
Sergeant
Maior
or
Captaines
would
make
of
flanke
frunt
;
then
are
they
to
go
to
that
flanke
and
side
,
that
they
would
make
frunt
,
and
beeing
right
against
the
midst
,
somewhat
distant
from
the
flanke
,
Frunt
to
me
souldiors
:
which
being
by
them
pronounced
;
the
first
rank
next
vnto
them
is
to
turn
their
faces
towards
them
,
&
so
subsequentlie
al
the
rest
of
the
rankes
one
after
another
:
But
because
that
by
making
the
flanke
frunt
,
the
squadron
commeth
to
be
in
disproportion
,
by
reason
that
the
distances
of
the
ranks
of
a
squadron
,
being
reduced
into
any
forme
of
square
to
march
or
to
fight
,
are
greater
by
flankes
;
that
is
betwixt
ranke
and
ranke
,
then
they
are
by
frunt
;
And
incase
the
sergeant
Maior
or
Captains
will
make
of
the
backe
frunt
,
then
they
are
to
goe
to
the
backe
and
pronounce
with
a
loude
voice
the
like
words
,
&
then
all
the
rankes
are
to
turne
their
faces
and
to
make
their
frunt
that
waies
:
Frunt
to
me
Launces
,
or
if
they
be
light
horsmen
,
Frunt
to
me
speares
,
all
the
horsmen
of
what
armour
and
weapon
soeuer
they
bee
,
must
turne
the
faces
of
their
horses
,
and
make
frunt
that
waie
,
hauing
regard
to
reforme
and
reduce
themselues
into
their
proportionate
distances
by
frunt
&
flank
as
aforsaid
.
And
now
hauing
written
concerning
the
ordering
and
forming
of
priuate
bands
and
companies
of
soldiors
,
March
vp
to
yonder
ground
,
pointing
to
the
same
with
his
warder
;
&
there
you
&
your
companie
auance
your
piques
and
make
a
pause
:
which
being
by
that
company
or
compertiment
performed
;
then
he
is
to
say
to
the
Captaines
of
two
other
compertiments
or
companies
:
March
vppe
with
your
company
vpon
the
right
flanke
,
and
you
with
your
company
by
the
left
flank
of
yonder
compertiment
,
and
incorporate
your
compertiments
in
frunt
,
flankes
,
and
backe
,
with
that
companie
or
compertiment
;
Then
the
Coronelles
drummer
Maior
,
or
rather
his
trompetter
according
to
the
vse
of
the
Suissers
in
respect
that
the
soundes
and
commandementes
of
the
same
may
bee
the
better
and
further
heard
and
vnderstoode
for
the
forming
of
battailes
and
squadrons
,
then
the
strokes
of
Drummes
can
bee
;
is
presentlie
to
sounde
the
forming
of
the
squadron
by
doubling
by
both
the
sides
or
flankes
at
one
time
,
according
vnto
the
order
of
the
doubling
of
the
3.
first
compertimentes
;
which
being
by
all
the
rest
of
the
compertiments
performed
;
I
meane
by
marching
vppe
and
doubling
themselues
vpon
both
the
flankes
or
sides
of
the
3.
first
compertiments
formed
;
all
marching
and
succeeding
one
another
both
vppon
the
right
and
lefte
flankes
in
a
manner
at
one
time
;
and
so
the
squadron
being
reduced
into
forme
;
the
first
compertiment
by
this
kind
of
forming
and
doubling
vppon
both
flankes
of
the
same
,
is
now
come
to
be
the
middlemost
compertiment
of
the
whole
squadron
:
and
this
manner
of
forming
of
a
squadron
by
doubling
the
compertiments
vppon
both
flankes
at
one
time
,
is
one
of
the
readiest
,
and
best
of
all
others
,
if
the
ground
doo
permit
the
performance
thereof
.
Then
there
is
another
order
in
forming
of
squadron
;
March
to
yonder
ground
,
&
there
auaunce
your
piques
and
make
a
pause
,
and
make
of
your
right
flanke
frunt
,
and
reforme
your
distances
according
to
discipline
both
by
frunt
and
flankes
,
or
if
he
hath
determined
to
make
his
frunt
of
the
left
flanke
,
he
may
then
say
,
Make
of
your
left
flanke
frunte
,
and
reforme
your
distances
both
by
frunte
and
flankes
according
as
he
hath
before
determined
either
the
one
waies
or
the
other
to
make
his
frunt
:
which
making
of
frunt
either
of
the
right
,
or
of
the
left
flanke
is
to
be
vnderstood
that
they
should
turne
their
faces
and
weapons
one
of
those
waies
:
which
being
by
them
performed
,
then
if
they
were
.
55.
rankes
,
and.
5.
in
euerie
ranke
in
their
marching
,
they
are
now
by
making
of
their
flanke
frunt
become
.
55.
in
frunt
,
that
is
so
many
in
euery
ranke
,
and
by
flanke
only
.
5.
rankes
:
which
aduancing
of
their
piques
,
and
pause
,
and
making
of
flanke
frunt
by
the
first
company
,
or
compertiment
performed
;
then
he
is
to
say
to
another
compertiment
of
the
like
number
of
rankes
by
flanke
,
be
they
of
euen
or
od
numbers
it
is
importeth
not
so
as
he
faile
not
in
his
great
and
generall
account
of
the
number
of
the
rankes
of
the
whole
squadron
by
flanke
,
or
flankes
.
March
and
double
your selues
by
the
backe
of
yonder
conpertiment
,
or
companie
,
and
there
〈◊〉
make
of
flanke
frunt
,
as
that
companie
hath
done
.
Which
being
by
them
preformed
,
then
persentlie
,
but
rather
at
the
first
,
the
Coronelles
Trompetter
is
to
sound
the
doubling
of
their
Companies
into
squadron
by
back
,
which
being
by
all
the
companies
or
compertiments
performed
and
reduced
into
their
conuenient
distances
both
by
frunt
and
flankes
according
to
discipline
either
to
march
or
to
fight
,
then
the
Sergeant
Maior
may
giue
order
and
reduce
vpon
the
flanks
and
corners
of
the
squadron
all
the
different
sortes
of
weapons
of
volee
into
as
many
formes
as
he
listeth
,
of
sleeues
,
winges
,
hearses
,
troups
&c
,
and
may
backe
as
many
of
them
with
light
armed
piquers
,
and
halbarders
,
or
battleaxes
,
as
the
number
or
remnante
of
those
weapons
will
giue
them
leaue
.
And
yet
there
is
another
order
of
forming
of
a
Squadron
by
doubling
and
redoubling
of
the
compertiments
vpon
the
backe
of
the
first
compertiment
,
which
with
diuers
others
,
because
I
do
not
allowe
them
for
so
good
as
these
before
sett
downe
,
I
omitt
;
and
therefore
proceeding
to
the
third
order
of
forming
of
a
squadron
by
doubling
the
compertiments
only
by
one
flanke
,
that
is
only
either
vpon
the
right
,
March
vp
to
that
ground
&
there
aduance
your
piques
&
make
a
pause
;
then
presently
after
he
is
to
say
to
the
second
band
or
compertiment
,
March
vp
and
double
your selues
by
the
left
flanke
of
the
first
compertiment
,
and
so
subsequently
he
is
to
commaund
his
trumpettor
to
sound
,
as
also
otherwise
to
giue
direction
to
the
rest
of
the
compertiments
that
they
shall
double
themselues
euery
one
vpon
the
left
flanke
of
the
other
:
but
after
that
he
hath
vsed
the
briefe
speaches
aforesaid
to
the
two
first
compertiments
,
then
besides
the
sounds
of
the
trompettor
for
the
forming
of
the
squadron
,
if
he
be
not
disposed
to
gallop
with
his
horse
by
the
flank
of
the
rest
of
the
compertiments
that
are
furder
off
behind
,
and
to
vse
the
like
speaches
of
doubling
by
flanks
as
aforesaid
,
he
may
by
certen
signes
that
hee
may
vse
to
accustome
his
Captaines
and
officers
vnto
,
either
with
his
hand
,
or
with
his
warder
,
direct
them
to
the
doubling
of
their
rankes
by
flankes
as
aforesaid
,
which
squadron
,
with
all
the
Ensignes
guarded
with
their
halbardes
,
or
battleaxes
placed
in
the
Centre
,
or
betwixt
the
2.
middle
rankes
of
the
same
beeing
by
the
Coronell
,
or
Sergeant
Maior
with
so
great
facilitie
perfourmed
,
and
by
him
and
his
officers
straightlie
lookt
into
,
that
all
their
rankes
as
well
in
frunt
as
by
flanke
,
doo
obserue
their
most
conuenient
and
proportionate
distaunces
either
to
march
or
to
fight
,
he
then
may
forme
his
sleeues
,
wings
,
squares
,
hearsses
and
troups
of
harquebuziers
,
Archers
,
and
mosquetiers
,
and
backe
as
many
of
them
with
the
rest
of
the
piques
and
battleaxes
,
as
the
ground
and
the
sayde
remnant
of
those
weapons
wil
giue
them
leaue
,
or
as
the
approching
and
comming
of
the
enemies
shall
giue
them
occasion
.
Certen
military
discourses
,
and
Arithmetical
tables
,
with
diuers
formes
and
demonstrations
for
a
Lord
Martiall
or
for
a
sergeant
Maior
to
form
squadrons
and
to
reduce
both
horsmen
and
footmen
into
diuers
and
many
forms
of
battles
,
by
me
Composed
1585.
or
rather
1580.
But
now
this
foresaid
squadron
being
reduced
into
the
forme
of
55.
by
frunt
and
38.
by
flankes
,
ouerplus
a
broken
ranke
of
10.
souldiors
as
aforesaid
,
if
the
Sergeant
Maior
vpon
the
comming
of
the
enemie
,
or
vpon
any
other
occasion
shall
thinke
requisite
to
make
the
said
squadron
broader
in
frunt
,
that
is
of
more
souldiors
in
euerie
ranke
,
and
shorter
by
flanke
,
that
is
to
bee
vnderstood
of
fewer
rankes
;
then
he
may
drawe
vp
by
flanke
,
from
the
backe
,
or
rereward
(
as
some
termeth
it
)
as
many
ranks
as
he
thinketh
conuenient
.
As
for
example
,
If
he
be
disposed
to
draw
vp
4.
rankes
of
piquers
by
flanke
to
frunt
,
he
is
then
to
say
vnto
his
deputie
Sergeant
Maior
,
or
to
any
other
such
Captaine
or
officer
that
dooth
accompany
him
;
Draw
vp
4.
rankes
from
the
backe
of
the
squadron
by
flanke
:
which
briefe
speach
or
the
like
being
by
him
pronounced
,
his
said
Lieutenant
,
Sergeant
Maior
,
or
other
Captaine
or
officer
by
him
appointed
,
is
presently
to
goe
to
the
left
flanke
of
the
last
4.
rankes
in
backe
,
and
to
saie
vnto
them
:
Frunt
vnto
me
yee
4.
last
rankes
,
and
let
this
word
,
frunt
,
from
the
left
flanke
passe
throughout
to
the
right
flanke
;
and
that
incase
hee
doo
pronounce
those
wordes
vpon
the
left
flanke
.
Vppon
which
wordes
pronounced
,
and
the
wordes
passed
from
the
one
flanke
to
the
other
,
and
their
faces
and
weapons
turned
towardes
him
;
then
he
is
to
lead
them
vppe
by
the
left
flanke
vntill
they
come
to
make
euen
frunt
with
the
formost
ranke
of
the
squadron
;
which
being
performed
,
then
of
55.
that
the
squadron
was
before
in
euery
rank
from
frunt
to
back
,
it
is
now
come
to
be
59.
throughout
all
the
rankes
from
frunt
to
backe
.
But
heere
it
is
to
be
noted
,
And
it
is
further
to
be
noted
that
if
another
squadron
of
like
number
in
frunt
should
come
to
confrunt
and
ioin
in
battle
with
this
squadron
,
and
being
entred
into
fight
;
and
that
the
Coronell
or
Sergeant
Maior
,
or
the
Lord
Marshall
of
the
field
should
thinke
it
their
aduantage
to
charge
and
assaile
the
contrary
squadron
with
a
sleeue
of
piquers
in
flanke
,
then
the
Sergeant
Maior
may
drawe
5.
or
6.
rankes
or
more
as
hee
thinketh
good
from
the
backe
of
the
squadron
vppe
by
any
of
both
the
flankes
of
the
same
squadron
,
but
distant
the
length
of
2.
piques
or
more
,
to
the
intent
that
by
that
little
distance
of
the
length
of
2.
piques
as
aforesaid
,
when
they
haue
marcht
vp
,
and
doo
finde
themselues
right
against
the
flanke
of
their
enemies
squadron
,
they
may
haue
space
to
turne
themselues
and
make
frunt
towards
their
enemies
flank
,
and
to
close
their
rankes
by
frunt
and
flankes
,
and
with
the
points
of
their
piques
to
charge
their
enemies
in
flanke
:
And
thus
farre
concerning
the
ordering
and
forming
of
squadrons
in
diuers
sorts
,
as
is
before
set
downe
.
But
now
further
,
Keepe
your selues
in
frunt
as
you
are
,
notwithstanding
that
the
souldiors
of
my
right
hand
,
doo
make
flank
frunt
:
the
effect
of
which
his
words
being
throughout
signified
to
the
souldiors
that
are
next
vnto
him
of
his
left
hand
,
presentlie
the
Captaines
and
their
drummers
that
did
marche
in
frunt
before
the
7.
compertiments
of
5.
in
euery
compertiment
as
aboue
is
set
downe
;
are
to
march
and
goe
to
the
left
flanke
,
which
now
shall
be
made
frunt
:
but
the
other
Captaines
and
drummers
that
are
in
frunt
before
the
other
5.
compertiments
are
still
to
keepe
their
places
vntill
they
receiue
further
direction
.
And
now
the
Captains
and
their
drummers
of
the
compertimentes
aforesaid
beeing
come
before
the
left
flanke
;
the
Coronels
drummer
is
first
to
begin
to
strike
,
and
the
rest
immediatlie
to
doo
the
like
,
that
all
the
souldiors
of
that
left
flanke
are
to
make
frunt
towardes
the
Captaines
and
drummers
;
that
is
,
to
turne
their
faces
and
weapons
towards
them
:
Or
else
the
Sergeant
Maior
may
command
the
Captaines
,
or
in
galloping
or
passing
on
horsebacke
by
the
flanke
,
may
himselfe
say
with
a
loud
voice
,
Frunt
to
me
souldiors
:
vpon
which
words
pronounced
,
or
vpon
the
sound
of
the
drums
for
that
purpose
,
all
the
souldiors
of
flanke
,
are
presently
,
to
make
frunt
;
and
are
therewithall
presently
to
reforme
their
distances
as
well
in
frunt
,
as
by
flankes
;
which
by
this
making
of
flank
frunt
is
growne
into
great
disproportion
:
which
reforming
of
their
distances
as
well
by
frunt
as
flanke
,
is
to
bee
performed
by
straightning
their
ranks
in
frunt
and
enlarging
them
by
flanks
into
their
conuenient
and
proportionate
distances
,
either
to
march
or
fight
.
Which
being
performed
;
then
the
Sergeant
Maior
to
the
intent
to
giue
the
more
ground
and
roome
to
the
other
part
of
the
squadron
of
5.
compertiments
to
reduce
themselues
by
flanke
,
is
to
command
the
Coronelles
Drummer
and
so
the
rest
to
strike
a
march
;
which
doone
,
then
the
Captaines
and
all
that
part
of
the
squadron
that
haue
made
flanke
frunt
,
are
orderlie
one
ranke
after
another
to
shoulder
their
piques
and
march
after
their
Captaines
but
50.
or
60.
paces
where
the
Drummers
againe
striking
and
sounding
a
pause
;
all
that
foresaid
part
of
the
squadron
,
are
presentlie
one
ranke
after
another
to
aduance
their
piques
and
make
a
stand
;
which
being
performed
,
then
the
sergeant
Maiors
Lieutenant
is
presently
to
command
the
drummers
that
doo
remaine
vppon
the
frunt
of
the
5.
compertiments
that
haue
not
altered
their
frunt
nor
flankes
,
to
strike
a
march
;
which
being
performed
,
he
and
all
their
captaines
must
with
that
part
of
the
squadron
march
certen
paces
straight
forward
,
thereby
to
take
the
more
compasse
of
ground
:
and
then
turning
vpon
the
left
hand
,
must
draw
them
vp
almost
close
by
the
left
flanke
,
to
the
frunt
of
that
part
of
the
squadron
that
haue
alreadie
made
of
flanke
frunt
:
Al
which
being
performed
according
to
the
orders
before
set
downe
,
the
whole
squadron
is
now
come
againe
to
be
in
the
same
proportion
both
in
number
of
souldiors
in
euery
rank
,
as
also
of
number
of
ranks
by
flanks
that
they
were
at
the
first
;
that
is
of
60.
in
euery
rank
,
&
35.
ranks
.
But
heere
it
is
to
be
noted
,
All
which
performed
,
then
the
sleeues
,
winges
,
and
troupes
of
the
different
weapons
of
volee
that
did
before
arme
the
right
and
left
flankes
,
and
all
4.
corners
of
the
squadron
,
are
againe
by
their
officers
to
be
lead
and
reduced
into
the
same
forms
vpon
the
right
and
left
flanks
,
that
they
were
before
that
the
squadron
did
make
of
flanke
frunt
;
or
else
may
be
reduced
into
any
other
varietie
of
formes
that
the
Coronell
or
Sergeant
Maior
shall
thinke
most
conuenient
;
And
so
march
forward
if
the
plainnesse
of
the
Countrie
,
and
other
requisite
causes
,
do
cause
and
permit
them
so
to
do
.
But
now
it
is
furder
to
be
noted
that
if
the
same
squadron
accompanied
with
sleeues
,
winges
,
and
troupes
of
diuers
sorts
of
weapons
of
volee
as
aforesaid
,
not
hauing
the
enemie
in
sight
nor
neare
,
should
happen
in
their
march
to
come
to
a
straight
passage
;
where
betwixt
rocks
mountaines
and
hilles
or
any
such
like
there
could
not
passe
aboue
.5
.
soldiors
in
a
ranke
;
and
that
there
were
no
other
open
way
neare
by
many
miles
for
the
Regiment
to
passe
,
but
only
the
same
;
then
the
Coronell
if
he
be
alone
with
his
Regiment
of
.4000
.
men
,
Single
.
5.
in
a
ranke
throughout
from
frunt
to
backe
and
march
after
the
last
compertiment
of
shot
through
the
straight
,
Vppon
which
his
direction
the
Captaine
with
his
whole
compertiment
of
5.
in
a
ranke
from
frunt
to
backe
is
to
single
the
same
from
the
rest
of
the
squadron
and
to
followe
the
shot
and
march
into
the
straight
;
vppon
the
separation
and
marching
of
which
compertiment
,
then
the
Sergeant
Maior
is
to
say
to
the
Captain
of
the
next
compertiment
.
Single
your
compertiments
of
5.
throughout
,
and
follow
,
and
march
straight
after
the
first
compertiment
through
the
straight
,
and
being
marched
thorough
into
the
plaine
,
double
your
compertiment
by
the
left
flanke
of
the
formost
compertiment
of
piquers
,
which
compertiment
being
something
separated
and
marching
into
the
straight
;
then
vppon
the
same
direction
receaued
by
all
the
Captaines
that
are
before
the
frunt
of
the
rest
of
the
compertiments
,
as
well
by
such
briefe
speaches
as
aforesaid
,
as
by
the
sound
of
the
trompettor
and
drummes
,
they
are
all
subsequentlie
and
orderlie
with
their
compertimentes
to
separate
them
and
to
followe
one
another
by
right
line
;
and
as
euerie
one
of
those
Captaines
with
their
compertimentes
haue
marched
one
after
another
thorough
the
straight
into
the
plaine
;
so
they
are
with
all
celeritie
to
reduce
themselues
by
the
left
flanke
the
one
of
the
other
into
the
same
form
of
squadron
that
they
were
before
they
entred
into
the
straight
;
All
which
being
performed
,
and
al
the
harquebuziers
,
mosquetiers
,
and
halbarders
that
were
sent
to
possesse
the
tops
of
both
the
sides
of
the
passage
being
come
downe
into
the
plaine
,
But
heere
it
is
furder
to
be
noted
that
the
squadron
being
againe
reduced
into
forme
,
and
marching
forward
in
the
enemies
Countrie
,
and
finding
the
ground
in
diuers
partes
as
they
march
of
that
nature
,
that
they
cannot
march
in
squadron
formed
,
and
hauing
great
intelligence
by
discouerers
,
and
espialles
,
that
the
enemie
is
not
so
neere
hand
as
that
by
reason
and
discipline
military
they
ought
to
keepe
themselues
in
squadron
;
then
they
ought
according
to
the
bredth
or
frunt
of
their
squadron
,
to
deuide
the
whole
squadron
into
as
few
and
as
great
compertiments
of
number
of
soldiors
in
euery
ranke
from
frunt
to
backe
as
the
grounds
or
passages
will
giue
them
leaue
;
that
by
the
greatnesse
of
their
compertiments
they
may
a
great
deale
the
sooner
reduce
and
forme
their
squadron
againe
vpon
any
sudden
or
great
Alarum
:
As
for
example
,
If
the
squadron
were
double
as
broad
in
frunt
as
by
flankes
,
as
of
60.
in
frunt
and
30.
by
flankes
,
then
the
Coronell
or
Sergeant
Maior
may
presentlie
command
the
whole
squadron
to
be
deuided
into
6.
compertiments
of
10.
souldiors
in
euery
ranke
from
frunt
to
back
throughout
euery
compertiment
;
or
if
the
ground
be
of
that
nature
,
that
in
some
places
there
cannot
passe
aboue
7.
or
8.
souldiors
in
frunt
,
then
he
may
deuide
his
whole
squadron
into
●
.
compertiments
,
that
is
of
4.
compertiments
of
7.
in
euery
ranke
,
and
the
other
4.
compertiments
of
8.
souldiors
in
euery
ranke
throughout
euery
compertiment
,
and
by
flanks
,
that
is
in
length
from
frunt
to
backe
euery
compertiment
of
30.
ranks
,
the
Ensigns
alwaies
placed
betwixt
two
of
the
middlemost
ranks
of
euerie
compertiment
,
or
of
so
many
of
the
compertiments
as
shal
be
requisit
.
All
which
compertiments
vpon
intelligence
or
discouery
of
the
enemies
approching
may
in
any
conuenient
ground
be
presently
incorporated
and
reduced
by
flank
or
flanks
into
the
same
form
of
squadron
that
it
was
at
the
first
forming
of
the
same
;
or
into
any
other
forme
that
the
Coronell
or
Sergeant
Maior
shall
thinke
most
requisit
by
any
one
of
the
same
orders
of
reducementes
that
I
haue
before
very
particularly
set
downe
.
And
it
is
furder
to
be
obserued
that
the
said
squadron
marching
in
the
open
fields
with
sleeues
,
wings
,
&
troups
of
weapons
of
volee
belonging
to
the
same
,
should
euer
at
certen
times
make
certen
pauses
,
aswel
to
the
intent
to
ease
themselues
and
take
breath
,
because
that
armed
men
or
mosquetiers
with
their
heauy
furniture
,
or
the
soldiors
of
any
other
weapon
cannot
possibly
continue
any
long
march
without
such
pauses
and
staies
,
as
also
that
if
anie
dismarch
or
disorder
hath
hapned
in
their
ranks
,
forms
,
or
orders
,
the
same
may
be
presently
againe
reformed
and
redressed
:
And
the
like
pauses
and
staies
are
to
bee
made
by
bands
of
horsmen
,
for
the
same
consideration
&
causes
.
But
now
peraduenture
some
that
may
read
this
place
of
my
booke
may
say
that
I
forgot
in
this
place
to
write
of
horsmen
,
aswell
where
they
should
be
placed
in
the
field
either
vpon
the
flankes
or
corners
of
the
compertiments
of
diuers
sortes
of
weapons
of
volee
reduced
into
their
orders
,
as
also
in
marching
through
the
straight
,
whether
they
should
march
halfe
before
and
halfe
behind
,
or
otherwise
.
Wherevnto
I
answer
that
it
were
impertinent
to
this
place
,
But
now
peraduenture
some
will
with
more
reason
furder
demand
where
the
baggages
and
carriages
of
the
Regiment
that
I
haue
not
hithervnto
mentioned
,
shoulde
bee
placed
in
marching
through
the
straight
:
and
how
the
same
should
be
guarded
;
as
also
where
the
field
peeces
of
the
same
regiment
,
if
there
be
any
shuld
be
placed
vpon
the
squadron
formed
;
and
in
what
conuenient
place
or
places
they
should
be
with
their
hor●es
,
Howbeit
vpon
the
occasion
of
marching
through
a
straight
as
aforesaid
;
then
I
would
that
.
4.
of
these
field
peeces
with
their
powder
,
And
now
concerning
the
most
conuenient
and
sure
placing
of
the
cariages
and
baggages
of
the
Regiment
,
And
now
as
I
haue
very
particularly
shewed
howe
a
squadron
of
2100.
should
be
reduced
into
form
in
diuers
different
sortes
,
and
that
the
same
squadron
consisting
of
2100.
armed
men
piquers
is
now
last
of
all
reduced
into
60.
souldiors
in
frunt
,
And
this
kind
of
iust
square
of
armed
men
by
frunt
,
flankes
,
and
backe
,
hath
beene
holden
by
some
men
of
warre
,
But
incase
that
the
sergeant
Maior
when
he
hath
fourmed
this
iust
square
of
men
,
Or
if
the
Sergeant
Maior
,
be
disposed
to
forme
the
same
squadron
of
the
like
number
of
5355.
piquers
with
greater
compertiments
as
of
7.
in
euery
compertiment
throughout
from
frunt
to
back
,
that
thereby
he
may
form
his
squadron
with
the
fewer
compertimentes
;
hee
may
then
command
all
the
Captains
or
leaders
of
the
piquers
to
reduce
euery
one
of
their
compertimentes
into
7.
in
a
rank
throughout
from
frunt
to
back
;
and
then
he
shal
find
that
15.
such
compertiments
or
diuisions
of
7.
in
a
ranke
throughout
euery
compertiment
reduced
into
squadron
either
by
the
flanks
the
one
of
the
other
,
or
by
both
flanks
subsequently
al
at
one
time
,
(
as
I
haue
in
the
beginning
of
this
proiect
of
squadrons
very
particularlie
declared
)
doo
make
iust
105.
piquers
in
frunt
,
and
51.
rankes
by
flanke
,
which
is
more
then
double
as
broad
in
frunt
,
then
long
by
flankes
.
But
because
peraduenture
there
are
some
professing
armes
not
knowing
how
squadrons
should
be
fourmed
that
will
imagine
,
And
therfore
if
a
Sergeant
Maior
Maior
would
forme
one
battle
of
aboue
10000.
piquers
,
and
that
hee
would
make
them
double
as
broad
or
more
in
frunt
then
long
by
flankes
:
As
for
example
,
of
143.
in
frunt
,
and
of
71.
rankes
by
flankes
;
he
is
first
to
consider
how
many
compertiments
of
euen
and
od
numbers
wil
make
that
frunt
,
and
he
shall
find
that
17.
compertiments
of
8.
souldiors
in
euery
ranke
from
frunt
to
backe
,
and
of
71.
rankes
by
flankes
in
euery
compertiment
reduced
into
squadron
by
flanke
or
flankes
(
as
I
haue
verie
particularlie
in
my
first
forming
of
squadrons
before
declared
)
doo
make
the
squadron
in
frunt
136.
souldiors
,
and
then
drawing
vppe
another
compertiment
of
odde
number
,
as
of
7.
souldiors
in
euerie
ranke
throughout
the
whole
compertimente
from
frunt
to
back
,
in
all
are
17.
compertiments
of
euen
numbers
of
8.
and
one
of
7.
which
are
odde
,
which
in
all
are
18.
compertiments
.
All
which
diuisions
reduced
into
squadron
by
flankes
as
aforesaid
,
the
whole
squadron
so
formed
,
dooth
come
to
be
of
143.
souldiors
in
frunt
,
and
71.
rankes
by
flankes
,
which
in
all
doo
make
10153.
souldiors
.
But
now
whereas
all
these
squadrons
before
reduced
and
described
do
consist
only
of
piquers
with
a
few
halbardiers
for
the
guard
of
the
Ensignes
,
And
now
this
squadron
being
thus
formed
;
then
would
I
reduce
all
the
different
sortes
of
weapons
of
volee
into
their
most
conuenient
forms
of
forlorn
hopes
,
of
sleeues
,
of
winges
,
of
hearses
,
of
troupes
,
and
other
formes
,
according
to
the
nature
and
effect
of
euery
different
sort
of
weapon
,
and
as
the
comming
of
the
enemie
should
require
,
or
as
the
ground
or
groundes
woulde
permit
,
hauing
therewithall
regard
as
wel
to
arme
the
backe
or
rereward
of
the
squadron
with
weapons
of
volee
,
as
to
arme
the
frunt
and
flanks
.
And
as
I
haue
very
particularly
shewed
how
a
squadron
of
Halbardiers
or
battleaxes
,
enuironed
about
with
5.
rankes
of
piquers
should
be
reduced
into
the
forme
aboue
described
,
and
therewithall
said
that
the
same
should
be
armed
in
frunt
,
flankes
and
back
,
with
weapons
of
volee
of
diuers
sorts
,
so
would
I
if
I
had
conuenient
numbers
of
horsemen
of
diuers
armors
and
weapons
,
arme
the
same
squadron
,
and
sleeues
,
&
wings
of
weapons
of
volee
,
with
horsemen
in
their
due
&
most
conuenient
places
and
formes
.
But
because
I
doo
thinke
that
it
shall
be
a
farre
greater
instruction
for
such
Gentlemen
of
our
Nation
,
as
doo
not
know
and
yet
are
willing
and
desirous
to
learne
how
diuers
squadrons
or
battles
of
footemen
with
their
weapons
of
volee
and
field
peeces
ought
to
bee
armed
with
many
hearses
,
squares
,
and
troupes
of
horsemen
of
diuers
sorts
of
armors
and
weapons
,
and
those
conueniently
placed
in
the
large
and
open
fieldes
to
giue
battle
and
fight
with
the
Enemie
,
But
because
diuers
squadrons
being
reduced
into
form
in
the
open
fields
where
battles
most
conueniently
are
to
be
fought
,
are
to
be
placed
in
diuers
sorts
,
as
sometimes
all
in
a
manner
of
one
equall
frunt
with
their
sleeues
and
winges
and
other
formes
of
weapons
of
volee
,
and
sometimes
also
the
vauntgard
,
aduaunced
a
good
distance
before
and
nearer
to
the
enemie
then
the
battle
and
Reregard
,
who
are
in
winges
more
retired
,
ready
vppon
all
needfull
occasions
to
succour
and
aide
the
foremost
battle
:
And
at
other
times
the
vauntgard
,
and
Reregard
aduaunced
beyond
and
nearer
to
the
enemie
then
the
principall
battle
,
which
remaineth
either
in
wing
retired
,
or
otherwise
placed
according
to
the
nature
of
the
ground
and
comming
of
the
enemy
,
or
according
to
some
other
order
and
commandement
of
the
Generall
,
readie
vpon
all
occasions
to
succour
the
other
two
battles
,
that
are
ready
to
enter
into
fight
:
So
would
I
place
those
foresaid
4.
battles
in
this
sort
following
.
First
,
All
which
reducements
of
those
foresaid
4.
battles
,
being
by
the
Coronels
,
Sergeant
Maiors
,
Captaines
and
other
officers
with
great
order
and
celeritie
perfourmed
:
then
I
hauing
such
conuenient
numbers
of
men
at
arms
,
of
dimilaunces
,
of
Stradiots
,
of
Archers
and
Crosbowers
on
horsebacke
(
as
are
before
particularlie
set
downe
)
to
arme
the
flankes
of
the
aforesaid
foure
battles
:
I
would
first
giue
order
that
the
240.
men
at
Armes
shoulde
bee
deuided
into
4.
winges
,
that
is
into
60.
men
at
Armes
in
each
wing
,
euery
which
number
of
60.
men
at
Armes
,
I
would
reduce
either
into
3.
rankes
of
20.
in
euery
ranke
,
But
yet
it
is
to
be
vnderstood
by
this
before
written
that
I
would
place
all
those
4.
hearses
or
broad
squares
of
men
at
Armes
,
so
farre
distaunt
in
winge
from
all
the
flankes
of
those
foresaid
4.
Battles
,
and
so
farre
wide
and
cleare
from
all
the
Sleeues
,
Winges
,
and
Troupes
of
the
Weapons
of
Volee
footemen
,
as
that
those
hearses
of
men
at
Armes
might
vppon
all
good
occasions
offered
,
giue
a
charge
vppon
the
Enemie
,
bee
they
horsemen
or
footmen
without
any
waies
troubling
the
Weapons
of
volee
,
or
receiuing
any
trouble
or
let
by
the
Weapons
of
Volee
to
giue
their
charges
with
great
order
:
And
therewithal
that
vpon
their
charges
giuen
,
they
may
retire
to
giue
new
charges
without
disordering
their
owne
weapons
of
volee
,
or
any
waies
troubling
the
rankes
of
their
owne
squadrons
of
armed
footmen
.
The
dimilaunces
also
belonging
to
those
men
at
Arms
(
which
according
to
discipline
ought
to
bee
in
number
double
as
manie
as
the
men
at
Armes
)
And
in
like
sort
as
I
haue
placed
those
2.
winges
of
dimilaunces
with
their
troupes
of
Crosbowers
and
archers
on
horsbacke
betwixt
them
and
the
flankes
of
the
2.
formoste
winges
of
men
at
Armes
as
aforesaid
;
Euen
so
would
I
in
the
verie
same
sort
place
the
other
two
winges
of
dimilaunces
of
120.
in
each
winge
reduced
,
either
into
4
rankes
of
30.
in
euerie
ranke
,
or
else
into
5.
rankes
of
24
▪
in
euery
ranke
,
almost
euen
and
right
ouer
against
,
sauing
a
little
more
aduanced
forward
,
then
the
flankes
of
the
two
hindermost
winges
of
the
men
at
Armes
,
that
are
reduced
the
one
vpon
the
right
flanke
of
the
principall
battle
,
and
the
other
vpon
the
left
flanke
of
the
a
Rereregard-Rereward
,
with
the
like
numbers
of
troupes
or
societies
of
Crosbowers
&
archers
on
horsbacke
betwixt
them
,
(
euerie
little
troupe
of
those
weapons
of
volee
seperated
and
oblique
in
distances
the
one
from
the
other
,
)
as
are
reduced
and
placed
betwixt
the
flankes
of
the.
4.
●ormost
winges
of
men
at
armes
and
dimilaunces
.
All
which
with
great
order
being
performed
,
then
of
al
the
rest
of
the
numbers
of
Stradiots
,
And
I
would
that
no
societie
nor
troupe
of
Archers
nor
Crosbowers
on
horseback
should
be
vnder
the
number
of
10.
nor
aboue
the
number
of
15.
nor
that
any
troupe
of
Stradiots
shoulde
exceed
the
number
of
25.
nor
be
vnder
the
number
of
10.
And
to
the
intent
that
euerie
troupe
of
Stradiots
should
knowe
vppon
which
3.
troupes
of
Crosbowers
and
Archers
they
should
attend
,
as
also
that
euery
3.
troupes
of
Archers
,
and
Crosbowers
should
giue
their
charges
and
volees
and
make
their
Retraites
,
and
worke
all
other
effectes
in
the
fielde
together
,
it
were
conuenient
that
euery
4.
troups
of
stradiots
,
archers
,
and
Crosbowers
on
horseback
,
and
their
Conductors
,
should
alwaies
lodge
in
their
quarters
in
Campe
together
,
but
I
meane
not
that
the
soeieties
of
archers
,
of
Crosbowers
,
and
stradiots
should
lodge
all
in
one
hale
or
tent
together
,
but
that
the
hales
and
tents
of
euerie
different
sort
of
weapon
of
euery
such
4.
troups
should
be
placed
one
next
vnto
another
,
and
that
al
their
Cariages
vpon
any
remoue
of
campe
should
march
together
,
and
that
all
the
Conductors
and
the
chiefs
of
the
societies
of
tennes
,
as
also
all
their
soldiors
of
euery
different
sort
of
weapon
,
shuld
know
,
frequent
&
keep
company
one
with
another
in
Campe
,
&
should
vow
to
liue
and
die
together
,
as
if
they
were
but
one
●ind
〈…〉
,
societie
and
Camerada
.
And
as
I
haue
placed
this
first
1300.
light
●●●smen
of
different
weapons
in
the
order
before
described
,
so
would
I
in
the
very
same
sort
and
form
reduce
the
second
number
of
1300.
stradiots
,
archers
,
and
Crosbowers
on
horsbacke
vppon
the
left
side
and
flanke
of
the
dimilaunces
,
that
are
vpon
the
left
flanke
of
the
men
at
armes
,
which
are
in
wing
of
the
left
side
of
the
Reregard
,
which
performed
,
I
would
then
giue
order
that
the
third
diuision
and
number
of
1300.
stradiots
,
archers
,
and
Crosbowers
on
horsebacke
,
should
be
deuided
into
2.
diuisions
or
parts
,
that
is
into
650.
in
each
diuision
,
and
that
the
first
650.
stradiots
,
archers
and
Crosbowers
on
horseback
should
in
the
like
order
as
abouesaid
bee
reduced
in
their
societies
and
troupes
vpon
the
right
flanke
of
the
dimilaunces
,
that
are
reduced
on
the
right
flanke
of
the
men
at
armes
,
that
are
in
wing
on
the
right
side
of
the
principall
battle
:
And
that
the
other
diuision
and
number
of
650.
stradiots
,
archers
,
and
Crosbowers
on
horseback
should
bee
likewise
reduced
in
their
societies
and
troupes
vpon
the
left
flanke
and
side
of
the
broad
square
of
dimilaunces
,
that
are
on
the
left
flanke
of
the
men
at
armes
,
that
doo
arme
the
left
side
of
the
a
Rereregardrereward
.
And
I
would
that
all
those
4.
winges
of
light
horsmen
,
stradiots
,
archers
and
Crosbowers
on
horseback
should
vppon
any
occasion
of
battle
,
great
incountrie
,
or
skirmish
,
behaue
themselues
in
fight
according
to
the
instructions
that
are
heereafter
described
and
set
downe
,
where
amongst
other
matters
I
make
speciall
mention
of
those
3.
different
sorts
of
light
horsmen
.
And
now
as
I
haue
reduced
and
placed
these
4.
battles
of
footmen
,
And
as
I
haue
now
armed
the
frunt
of
the
said
vaungard
with
the
number
of
field
peeces
before
planted
,
so
would
I
arme
the
fruntes
of
the
other
3.
battles
of
Reregard
,
of
maine
battle
,
and
of
a
Rereregardrereward
before
placed
and
described
,
each
battle
with
the
like
numbers
of
field
peeces
planted
in
like
distaunces
from
the
frunt
and
corners
of
them
,
well
guarded
also
with
Halbardiers
as
aforesaid
.
And
although
the
backs
and
Reregards
of
all
those
4
battles
should
not
need
to
bee
armed
with
any
fielde
peeces
,
as
it
shall
bee
within
fewe
lines
heereafter
apparant
by
the
rest
which
I
will
set
downe
concerning
those
matters
:
yet
to
arme
those
4.
battles
in
the
greatest
perfection
that
I
can
,
I
would
place
vpon
euery
corner
of
the
backs
and
Reregards
of
all
the
aforesaid
4.
battles
,
two
fawcons
and
one
fawconet
in
like
distaunces
of
paces
that
I
haue
before
placed
the
field
peeces
from
the
corners
of
the
frunt
of
the
aforesaid
4.
battles
.
But
heere
it
is
to
bee
noted
that
although
diuers
great
Captaines
that
haue
bin
commanders
and
leaders
of
armies
,
haue
alwaies
accounted
Sakers
of
10.
or
12.
pounds
their
bullets
and
other
peeces
from
10.
poundes
downewards
to
Robinets
of
one
pound
to
bee
in
the
number
of
fielde
peeces
,
Also
Armies
sometimes
in
marching
in
the
open
and
plaine
fieldes
,
doo
light
vpon
sandie
and
such
other
softish
and
yeelding
groundes
,
where
either
vppon
the
drawing
or
discharging
of
Sakers
of
10.
or
12.
poundes
the
bullets
,
their
Wheeles
doo
sinke
so
deepe
into
the
ground
,
that
oftentimes
they
giue
great
impediment
and
let
to
the
Gonners
and
their
aides
to
manage
and
vse
them
,
vpon
diuers
needefull
occasions
;
besides
that
,
vppon
their
discharginges
the●
worke
no
greater
effect
against
the
Enemie
,
then
such
Fawcons
and
fawconets
as
aforesaid
doo
.
Also
it
is
further
to
be
noted
that
I
would
neuer
place
aboue
the
number
of
8.
field
peeces
by
the
flanks
or
corners
of
any
battle
,
nor
vnder
the
number
of
4.
I
meane
that
I
woulde
neuer
place
aboue
3.
Fawcons
and
one
Fawconet
,
and
those
in
conuenient
distances
wide
from
the
right
Corner
of
the
Battle
,
and
3.
Fawcons
and
one
Fawconet
,
wide
and
in
like
distaunces
from
the
left
frunt
and
corner
of
the
same
Battle
,
or
at
the
fewest
2.
Fawcons
and
one
Fawconet
,
some
8.
or
10.
paces
wide
from
the
one
Corner
,
and
2.
Fawcons
and
one
Fawconet
wide
in
the
like
distaunce
from
the
other
Corner
of
the
fame
Battle
,
and
that
in
respect
that
too
manie
fielde
peeces
beeing
drawen
and
marching
vppon
the
flankes
of
squadrons
to
the
intent
to
bee
planted
as
abouesaid
vppon
the
day
of
battle
,
are
for
diuers
causes
and
vppon
diuers
accidentes
of
farre
greater
impedimentes
and
trouble
,
then
any
waies
profitable
to
their
owne
Squadrons
.
Also
it
is
further
to
bee
noted
that
I
woulde
neuer
place
any
Fielde
peeces
directlie
before
the
frunt
of
anie
Squadrons
or
Battailes
,
vnlesse
I
thought
our
forces
in
the
field
to
bee
much
inferiour
in
strength
to
the
Enemy
,
because
that
peeces
so
planted
would
be
a
great
impediment
vnto
the
battles
marching
forwarde
to
incounter
with
the
enemie
,
by
reason
that
such
squadrons
should
be
compelled
by
such
peeces
so
planted
to
open
&
break
their
rankes
,
and
to
disorder
themselues
,
which
is
a
matter
of
great
danger
the
Enemie
being
in
sight
or
neere
at
hand
.
And
now
hauing
armed
all
the
aforesaid
4.
battles
with
field
peeces
in
their
most
fitte
and
conuenient
places
,
there
resteth
to
shew
what
should
become
of
the
Cariages
and
baggages
of
the
Campe
,
as
also
where
the
ouerplus
of
the
horsemen
and
footmen
that
are
not
yet
placed
,
ought
to
be
emploied
.
The
Carriages
of
all
Armies
and
Camps
do
consist
of
two
sorts
,
the
one
sorte
that
are
publique
,
as
of
treasure
and
pay
for
the
Armie
,
of
great
quantitie
of
powder
both
for
great
and
small
shot
,
of
armor
and
weapon
,
of
Artillerie
,
as
of
Cannons
,
Culuerings
,
demy
Cannons
,
demy
Culuerings
,
&
Sakers
and
other
smaller
pieces
,
with
all
things
belonging
vnto
them
,
of
diuers
sorts
of
victuall
of
prouision
,
of
pieces
maniable
also
,
as
of
Curriers
of
warre
,
of
mosquets
,
harquebuzes
and
other
such
pieces
,
with
all
things
belonging
vnto
them
,
of
bowes
&
sheafes
of
arrowes
,
and
Crosbowes
,
gaffles
,
and
quarrells
,
with
piques
,
halbardes
,
targets
,
Launces
,
Launcezagaies
and
all
other
sorts
of
armors
and
weapons
both
offensiue
and
defensiue
,
with
boates
also
to
make
bridges
ouer
riuers
&
all
thinges
appertaining
vnto
them
:
And
to
be
briefe
,
of
many
other
munitions
&
prouisions
,
al
which
being
publique
for
the
vse
of
the
whole
Armie
or
Campe
,
are
vnder
the
charge
of
the
Maister
of
the
Ordinaunce
.
And
as
for
the
other
Carriages
and
baggages
that
are
priuate
they
are
such
as
do
belong
vnto
Cheistaines
,
Coronells
,
Captaines
,
and
other
higher
and
lower
men
of
charge
and
officers
,
and
to
be
short
to
all
the
soldiors
of
the
Army
that
haue
any
thing
to
be
caried
:
All
which
priuate
Cariages
also
,
are
vnder
the
Maister
of
the
Ordinance
his
commaundement
and
Order
.
Now
all
the
aforesaid
most
important
publique
Carriages
that
do
belong
to
the
Army
and
Campe
,
Now
as
for
the
fourth
part
and
diuision
of
the
weapons
aforesaid
I
would
they
should
be
placed
in
many
hearses
and
troupes
vpon
the
frunts
and
flankes
of
the
aforesaid
square
of
carriages
,
as
also
vpon
the
ynner
parts
and
corners
of
the
halfe
round
.
And
as
for
the
140.
stradiots
,
archers
on
horsebacke
and
Crosbowers
on
horsebacke
,
I
would
that
.
100.
of
them
should
be
placed
vnder
their
Conductors
in
diuers
little
troupes
&
societies
vpon
the
backe
and
Rereward
of
the
halfe
round
,
for
the
more
sure
guarde
of
the
same
,
and
the
rest
which
are
40.
light
hor-men
,
I
would
that
they
being
deuided
in
their
litle
troups
and
societies
,
should
be
for
the
guarde
of
the
inner
parte
of
the
semicircle
,
or
else
that
the
Enemies
Army
being
in
frunt
of
the
aforesaid
4.
battles
,
that
20.
of
those
light
horsmen
vnder
a
sufficient
Conductor
should
serue
for
discouerers
on
the
right
hand
of
the
whole
Armie
,
and
that
the
other
20.
light
horsmen
vnder
the
like
Conductor
should
discouer
on
the
left
hand
,
whether
there
were
any
vnlooked
for
troupes
of
the
enemie
approching
,
and
thereof
to
giue
aduertisement
to
the
Generall
of
the
Armie
,
or
to
the
Lord
Marshall
.
And
now
all
these
reducements
before
set
downe
being
performed
,
It
is
to
be
noted
that
for
so
puissant
an
Armie
as
this
of
28000.
horsemen
and
footmen
of
our
English
Nation
is
,
there
cannot
be
fewer
then
4000.
pioners
and
labourers
,
besides
the
waggoners
,
Carters
,
and
other
baggagers
of
the
Campe
,
aswel
for
the
leuelling
&
plaining
of
groundes
where
the
Armie
and
artillerie
shal
passe
,
as
also
for
the
fortefying
of
Campes
and
approching
of
places
fortefied
with
trenches
,
Crosse
trenches
and
gabions
,
and
for
the
making
of
mounts
and
working
in
mines
,
and
infinite
other
thinges
appertaining
to
the
Armie
and
Campe
:
which
4000.
labourers
and
pioners
I
would
vpon
the
day
of
battle
appoint
and
place
in
this
sort
following
.
First
,
Also
I
would
take
1600.
more
of
those
pioners
and
labourers
,
and
would
deuide
them
into
4.
diuisions
or
parts
of
400.
in
euery
diuision
,
vnder
their
Captaines
,
&
Leaders
,
and
would
appoint
euery
one
of
those
4.
partes
deuided
into
their
societies
of
tens
to
attend
vpon
the
aforesaid
4.
battles
,
and
that
they
should
be
placed
at
the
backs
and
in
Rereward
of
the
societies
of
halbardiers
that
are
in
Rereward
of
the
weapons
of
volee
of
the
4.
battles
,
readie
to
cut
any
trenches
,
or
to
perform
any
other
commandment
vnto
them
giuen
,
as
also
vpon
the
ouerthrow
of
the
Enemie
with
their
blacke
Bils
or
other
weapons
to
follow
the
Chase
,
and
doo
execution
vpon
the
Enemie
flying
as
the
souldiors
halbardiers
placed
at
the
backes
of
the
weapons
of
volee
ought
to
doo
,
because
that
according
to
right
discipline
vpon
the
ouerthrow
of
the
Enemie
,
And
now
hauing
reduced
and
placed
all
the
aforesaid
4.
battles
with
their
forlorn
hopes
,
sleeues
,
wings
,
troups
and
other
formes
of
weapons
of
volee
in
their
most
conuenient
places
,
and
therewithall
armed
them
with
conuenient
numbers
of
field
peeces
,
and
reduced
and
placed
all
the
horsmen
of
diuers
different
sortes
of
armors
and
weapons
in
their
most
conuenient
formes
for
the
annoiance
of
the
Enemie
and
for
the
aiding
and
succouring
the
one
of
the
other
vppon
all
needefull
occasions
and
accidents
,
and
therewithall
placed
all
the
Cariages
of
the
Armie
and
Campe
in
the
forme
of
a
halfe
round
and
semicircle
with
a
square
of
cariages
in
the
midst
or
bosome
thereof
for
the
guard
of
the
Rerewards
and
backs
of
all
the
4.
battles
;
and
all
those
cariages
in
their
forms
guarded
with
diuers
different
sorts
of
weapons
both
of
horsemen
and
footmen
,
accompanied
with
small
field
peeces
to
make
head
against
and
resist
al
attempts
either
of
horsmen
or
footmen
:
And
all
this
to
the
intent
presently
vpon
the
approach
of
the
Enemy
that
is
now
in
sight
to
giue
battle
:
Then
I
would
wish
according
to
the
auncient
vse
of
many
Warlike
Nations
,
to
the
intent
that
it
might
please
Almightie
God
to
prosper
this
Armie
with
victorie
,
that
vpon
the
sound
of
the
Lord
Lieutenants
trompet
for
the
displaieng
of
the
standard
Royall
of
the
Army
,
to
the
intent
to
giue
battle
,
the
Enemie
being
in
sight
and
approching
,
all
the
souldiors
should
be
instructed
and
taught
long
before
to
say
this
short
praier
following
,
or
some
other
to
the
like
effect
.
O
Almightie
,
And
this
said
praier
,
I
would
wish
to
be
said
vpon
the
sight
of
the
Enemies
battles
by
all
the
squadrons
of
armed
footmen
,
and
by
all
the
sleeues
and
winges
of
the
souldiors
of
weapons
of
volee
vpon
their
knees
in
their
Rankes
as
they
stand
.
And
that
all
the
horsmen
of
euery
sort
of
weapon
should
on
horseback
vse
the
same
or
the
like
short
praier
.
And
therewithall
I
thought
good
furder
to
aduertise
,
that
those
squadrons
being
so
formed
or
in
any
other
sort
,
But
now
after
my
describing
verie
particularlie
and
at
large
this
said
Armie
reduced
into
the
forme
&
formes
aforesaid
,
to
the
intent
that
thereby
all
Gentlemen
affected
to
matters
of
armes
,
and
souldiors
may
with
great
facilitie
vnderstand
mine
intention
and
meaning
;
it
may
bee
that
some
gentlemen
not
experienced
in
matters
of
armes
,
will
in
reading
this
my
proiect
imagine
that
the
reducement
and
forming
of
an
armie
into
diuers
battles
and
other
formes
,
dooth
appertaine
onely
to
the
Lorde
Lieutenant
Generall
,
or
to
the
Lord
high
Marshall
of
the
armie
;
and
that
the
same
should
be
performed
onley
by
one
of
them
,
one
peece
after
another
:
And
that
they
peraduenture
may
imagine
the
rather
;
because
I
in
my
foresaid
reducing
and
forming
of
the
armie
by
way
of
discourse
doe
write
,
and
say
,
that
first
I
would
reduce
and
place
the
vaungard
,
then
the
Reregard
,
and
then
the
other
two
battles
,
and
the
Weapons
of
volee
,
and
after
the
horsemen
of
diuers
sorts
of
armors
and
Weapons
in
this
sort
,
and
in
that
sort
,
with
many
other
particularities
and
circumstances
:
Vnto
which
their
misimaginations
I
say
,
that
it
is
not
one
mans
worke
;
although
it
were
Iulius
Caesar
himselfe
,
to
reduce
a
whole
armie
into
diuers
forms
of
battle
with
celeritie
when
they
are
to
march
in
the
enimies
Countrey
,
or
to
fight
with
the
Enemie
,
but
that
the
same
must
be
of
necessitie
perfourmed
by
diuers
Chiefetains
,
and
higher
and
lower
officers
of
the
armie
:
And
yet
that
notwithstanding
,
it
is
not
possible
to
perfourme
the
same
with
art
,
celeritie
,
and
Discipline
,
vnlesse
the
direction
and
order
thereof
doo
proceede
either
from
the
onely
mouth
of
the
Chiefetaine
of
the
armie
,
or
from
the
Lorde
high
Marshall
,
or
some
other
chiefe
Officer
by
them
appointed
;
And
therefore
it
dooth
behooue
(
which
of
them
soeuer
dooth
giue
the
order
)
to
haue
the
forme
and
formes
,
of
all
the
battles
,
squares
and
troupes
,
as
well
of
horsemen
as
of
footemen
with
the
scituation
and
nature
of
the
ground
and
groundes
,
and
many
other
particularities
in
his
memorie
and
head
;
and
that
in
so
great
perfection
,
as
if
hee
with
his
eies
did
at
that
instant
behold
and
see
the
whole
armie
in
the
field
reduced
into
all
his
intended
formes
.
And
therefore
to
perfourme
the
same
,
it
is
the
ordinarie
vse
of
all
skilfull
Chieftaines
of
armies
and
Lorde
Marshals
when
they
haue
concluded
and
resolued
with
themselues
by
the
aduise
of
their
Councell
,
And
now
hauing
shewed
all
the
most
co●uenient
waies
of
reducing
and
forming
of
all
sortes
of
squadrons
aswell
great
as
small
,
and
where
in
the
field
to
their
most
aduantage
they
may
be
placed
,
and
therewithal
how
and
where
horsemen
of
diuers
different
sortes
of
armors
and
weapons
ought
to
bee
placed
in
their
most
conuenient
places
:
with
many
other
particularities
,
I
think
good
before
I
goe
any
further
to
giue
an
aduertisement
that
although
it
hath
beene
the
vse
of
all
antiquitie
amongest
many
Nations
according
to
good
discipline
to
reduce
the
chiefe
force
of
their
armed
footmen
into
three
squadrons
or
battles
,
As
for
example
,
if
there
were
an
Army
of
30000.
horsmen
and
footmen
;
and
that
there
were
of
those
.
15000.
armed
men
piquers
and
short
weapons
to
be
reduced
into
diuers
battles
;
that
I
would
not
only
of
those
.
15000.
according
to
the
ordinary
vse
,
forme
a
vauntgard
,
battle
and
Rereward
,
but
also
3.
other
smaller
battles
,
vnto
the
which
I
would
giue
3.
different
names
,
&
would
call
the
first
by
the
name
of
a
vauntregard
Rereward
;
the
second
the
batle
of
succor
;
Vnto
the
which
I
say
,
that
true
it
is
,
that
all
well
ordered
battles
,
are
wing'd
and
flankt
with
shot
of
diuers
sorts
and
that
it
hath
beene
and
is
a
maxime
amongest
al
men
of
warre
of
great
experience
and
Iudgement
,
that
hearses
,
sleeues
,
winges
and
troupes
of
shot
beeing
deuided
into
many
small
diuisions
,
are
a
great
deale
more
apt
and
ready
to
bee
emploied
at
one
time
,
into
more
different
and
effectuall
seruices
to
worke
great
effectes
then
any
great
diuisions
of
shot
can
bee
:
Which
if
it
be
so
,
as
most
certen
it
is
by
all
experience
Militarie
;
then
the
3.
battles
of
5000.
to
euery
battle
hauing
10000.
weapons
of
volee
of
diuers
sortes
to
be
reduced
vnder
their
safeguard
,
must
diuide
those
10000.
into
so
many
compertimentes
and
diuisions
of
sleeues
,
winges
and
troupes
,
as
are
requisite
to
guard
3.
such
battles
;
As
also
the
diuisions
of
weapons
of
volee
themselues
to
bee
protected
and
defended
vnder
the
safeguard
of
those
3.
squadrons
;
and
so
likewise
the
15000.
armed
men
beeing
reduced
into
6.
little
battles
as
aforesaid
,
hauing
the
like
number
of
weapons
of
volee
of
diuers
sorts
to
aide
them
,
and
to
be
by
them
protected
,
must
by
all
order
militarie
diuide
those
10000.
weapons
of
volee
into
double
as
many
or
more
diuisions
of
sleeues
,
wings
and
troups
then
the
3.
great
battles
haue
diuided
theirs
for
their
aide
.
From
all
which
experienced
reasons
and
examples
I
come
to
conclude
that
as
15000.
armed
footemen
reduced
but
onely
into
3.
great
battles
cannot
by
any
reason
militarie
haue
so
manie
sleeues
,
winge
,
troupes
,
&
other
diuisions
of
diuers
sorts
of
shot
vnder
their
safegard
,
as
15000.
armed
men
reduced
into
6.
smaller
battles
may
haue
:
Euen
so
that
the
3.
great
squadrons
of
armed
men
with
their
few
&
great
diuisions
of
shot
cannot
possibly
by
any
reason
or
experience
worke
so
great
effects
,
as
the
6.
smaller
battles
their
Enemies
,
with
their
many
and
more
conuenient
diuisions
of
diuers
sorts
of
weapons
of
volee
may
worke
.
And
now
whereas
I
haue
before
fourmed
a
squadron
and
diuers
squadrons
all
of
halbardiers
or
battleaxes
enuironed
or
empaled
about
with
5.
rankes
of
piquers
in
frunt
,
flankes
and
backe
;
and
that
the
short
weapons
are
in
greater
number
then
the
piques
;
&
therfore
by
some
in
these
daies
(
that
doo
more
regard
the
new
fashions
,
and
fancies
of
the
disordered
and
corrupted
Militia
,
that
of
very
late
yeares
in
diuers
ciuill
warres
haue
crept
into
Christendome
,
then
the
true
discipline
,
art
,
and
science
militarie
,
which
hath
beene
practised
and
vsed
from
age
to
age
of
all
antiquitie
,
in
the
warres
betwixt
Emperors
,
Kinges
,
and
puissant
Common
wealthes
)
it
may
peraduenture
be
thought
,
that
such
a
squadron
is
no
waies
comparable
for
all
great
effects
and
purposes
to
a
squadron
of
the
like
number
al
of
piquers
without
any
short
weapons
,
sauing
onely
a
very
fewe
for
the
guard
of
the
Ensignes
:
Thervnto
I
say
,
that
I
doo
thinke
this
squadron
of
short
weapons
enuironed
with
5.
ranks
of
piques
as
aforesaid
,
to
be
of
a
great
deale
more
aduantage
,
strength
and
effect
aswell
against
horsmen
as
footmen
,
then
any
squadron
of
the
like
number
all
of
piquers
can
be
.
And
because
it
shall
be
apparant
that
I
am
not
carried
with
new
fashions
and
fancies
,
but
with
the
obseruation
of
that
which
I
haue
read
,
hath
been
in
vse
and
obserued
by
diuers
braue
Nations
in
many
ages
,
as
also
by
mine
owne
hearing
the
opinions
of
diuers
great
Captaines
,
Coronels
,
and
Sergeants
Maiors
of
diuers
warrelike
Nations
,
some
of
late
yeares
dead
,
and
some
yet
aliue
;
And
therwithall
by
that
which
I
haue
seene
and
obserued
my selfe
,
in
the
squadrons
of
diuers
Nations
,
some
of
the
which
haue
vsed
squadrons
all
of
piquers
as
aforesaid
,
and
other
Nations
squadrons
of
piquers
with
some
rankes
of
halbards
with
in
their
piques
:
which
different
vses
of
Nations
haue
giuen
me
occasion
not
onely
to
enter
into
imagination
of
the
different
or
contrarie
causes
of
the
forming
of
such
squadrons
,
but
also
the
more
curiouslie
to
aske
&
inquire
of
diuers
men
of
great
sufficiencie
of
those
Nations
,
the
different
reasons
and
causes
of
the
forming
of
such
squadrons
,
some
all
of
piques
and
others
of
piques
and
short
weapons
as
aforesaid
;
I
therfore
will
set
down
that
which
I
haue
gathered
and
obserued
by
the
diuersitie
of
their
opinions
concerning
the
same
,
as
also
by
mine
own
sight
and
consideration
,
and
will
here
by
the
helpe
of
Almightie
God
,
giue
sufficient
causes
and
reasons
to
proue
that
my
foresaid
squadron
formed
with
short
weapons
,
enuironed
about
with
5.
rankes
of
piquers
as
aforesaid
,
is
of
farre
greater
force
and
effect
,
then
if
the
squadron
were
all
of
piquers
;
And
the
reasons
are
these
.
First
,
when
a
squadron
of
men
at
armes
or
dimilaunces
,
or
diuers
squadrons
seconding
one
another
,
shoulde
charge
the
squadron
of
footemen
all
of
piquers
in
frunt
:
Therevnto
I
answere
,
But
now
it
may
be
demanded
of
me
wherfore
the
sixt
,
seuenth
,
Vpon
which
accidentes
it
dooth
ordinarilie
happen
,
that
such
inner
ranks
are
driuen
to
let
fall
and
couch
their
piques
vpon
suddens
,
least
that
by
their
not
couching
them
,
they
should
by
their
enemies
approching
them
too
neer
leese
the
vse
of
the
points
of
their
piques
.
Which
sudden
letting
fall
and
couching
of
their
piques
,
dooth
cause
the
aforesaid
intermingling
and
intricating
,
and
confused
ouerthwarting
of
piques
with
piques
,
a
great
deale
more
in
the
inner
rankes
,
then
any
waies
in
the
formost
4.
or
5.
rankes
as
aforesaid
.
By
all
which
it
is
to
bee
considered
and
noted
,
that
neither
horsmen
,
Launces
,
nor
footmen
piquers
can
enter
vnder
the
points
of
my
squadron
of
battleaxes
empaled
and
inuironed
in
frunt
,
flanks
and
back
,
with
5.
ranks
of
piques
as
aforesaid
,
but
that
they
must
of
necessitie
abide
the
first
violence
of
the
pointes
of
them
,
〈◊〉
they
find
them
already
in
great
order
and
leisure
couched
to
resist
and
repulse
them
.
Whereas
farre
otherwise
it
doth
behooue
the
inner
ranks
of
a
squadron
consisting
all
of
piquers
,
to
obserue
the
entring
of
their
Enemies
be
they
horsemen
or
footmen
in
such
moments
&
iust
distances
,
as
that
they
may
be
sure
to
let
fall
and
couch
their
piques
,
when
their
Enemies
are
entred
,
and
do
come
within
4.
or
5.
ranks
of
them
;
which
if
they
should
faile
to
performe
;
then
it
were
too
late
for
such
inner
rankes
to
couch
their
piques
either
againste
horsemen
or
footmen
,
now
entred
and
comne
within
and
vnder
the
length
of
their
piques
.
But
vnto
this
,
some
vnskilfull
soldior
may
obiect
and
say
,
that
the
inner
rankes
may
still
carrie
their
piques
couched
,
readie
to
resist
,
or
repulse
their
Enemies
entering
.
Or
otherwise
,
that
they
letting
fal
and
couching
their
piques
,
after
that
their
Enemies
be
entered
within
lesse
then
5.
or
4.
rankes
of
them
may
so
farre
retire
,
and
pull
them
backe
,
as
that
they
may
recouer
the
vse
of
the
points
of
them
against
their
Enemies
to
their
great
annoiance
.
Vnto
which
obiections
,
I
say
that
it
is
not
in
the
force
and
strength
of
the
most
puissant
soldiors
of
any
Nation
that
liue
,
And
thus
hauing
at
large
shewed
by
diuers
reasons
the
imperfections
of
squadrons
that
doo
consist
onelie
of
piques
,
with
the
great
perfections
and
effects
of
squadrons
of
battleaxes
enuironed
onely
with
5.
rankes
of
piquers
;
as
also
howe
all
sortes
of
squadrons
that
are
commonlie
in
vse
in
the
open
fieldes
in
these
daies
,
and
also
in
al
former
ages
ought
to
be
reduced
into
form
,
with
many
other
different
particularities
;
I
will
omit
diuers
other
sorts
&
forms
of
little
battles
that
are
conteined
in
som
printed
books
of
diuers
languages
;
as
of
Crossebattles
,
of
battles
in
triangle
,
&
battles
in
form
of
stars
,
with
many
other
such
battles
of
diuers
shapes
&
fashions
extraordinary
,
that
are
rather
set
forth
to
fill
vp
books
&
to
please
the
curious
;
then
for
any
great
vse
of
them
;
by
reason
that
such
phantastical
battles
are
no
waies
able
in
the
open
fields
to
march
&
encounter
with
such
squadrons
as
I
haue
before
described
and
set
down
:
And
yet
somtimes
armies
may
march
vpon
such
strange
&
extraordinary
grounds
(
as
in
marching
ouer
mountains
or
high
hils
y●
haue
varietie
of
forms
of
rising
&
descending
grounds
)
that
it
is
not
possible
to
form
such
great
squadrons
in
such
forms
,
as
I
haue
before
declared
and
described
,
but
that
vpon
the
comming
of
the
enemie
they
must
bee
forced
to
deuide
their
three
battles
of
vauntguard
,
battle
and
Rereward
,
that
they
marched
withall
in
the
plaine
and
open
fieldes
,
into
as
many
varieties
of
little
battles
and
formes
,
as
the
aduantages
and
formes
of
the
varietie
of
groundes
where
they
presently
find
themselues
doo
present
vnto
them
;
and
therewithall
to
flank
their
armed
men
on
euery
side
with
weapons
of
volee
:
All
which
a
Lord
Marshall
or
sergeant
Maior
may
with
a
great
deale
more
facilitie
perform
,
then
to
forme
such
great
squadrons
as
I
haue
before
described
,
reduced
,
and
formed
.
But
heere
I
thinke
it
good
to
aduertise
the
Reader
,
that
I
haue
heard
verie
crediblie
reported
,
that
there
is
another
kind
of
forming
of
a
battle
,
amongst
some
of
the
Sergeants
Maiors
of
our
Nation
in
these
daies
greatly
in
vse
,
and
that
is
;
That
they
place
foure
piquers
with
their
piques
aduaunced
in
square
,
according
to
the
greatnesse
of
the
squadron
that
they
meane
by
guesse
to
form
with
the
number
of
piquers
that
they
haue
for
that
purpose
:
And
somtimes
they
place
in
the
middest
of
the
frunt
betwixt
the
two
formost
piquers
,
a
third
piquer
,
and
so
likewise
they
place
two
other
piquers
,
vpon
the
midst
of
ech
flanke
one
,
betwixt
the
said
piquers
that
are
in
flanke
,
with
a
fourth
piquer
also
in
the
midst
betwixt
the
two
hindermost
piquers
,
which
8.
piquers
when
they
haue
placed
in
as
iust
square
in
their
distaunces
as
they
can
:
then
they
command
al
the
piquers
that
they
meane
by
guesse
to
reduce
into
squadron
,
beeing
all
behind
and
in
Rereward
of
the
8.
piquers
in
square
,
presentlie
to
run
into
the
void
place
within
the
square
of
the
8.
piquers
,
and
there
to
fall
into
their
rankes
with
hubbledeshuf
as
well
as
they
can
,
vntill
they
haue
filled
vp
all
the
distances
and
empty
place
within
the
square
of
the
said
8
:
piquers
,
which
being
performed
;
they
hold
this
way
not
only
for
a
verie
ready
forming
of
a
squadron
,
but
also
for
a
most
excellent
waie
of
reducement
,
That
great
bands
of
500.
vnder
an
Ensigne
are
mor●
connenient
for
al
seruices
in
the
field
,
then
smal
bands
of
150.
IN
this
place
before
I
proceede
any
further
,
I
thought
good
to
notifie
vnto
all
such
as
shall
read
these
my
instructions
,
that
my
opinion
is
,
the
great
bands
of
footmen
of
500.
souldiours
to
euery
Ensigne
according
to
the
ancient
and
moderne
vse
of
Germany
(
when
they
doo
inuade
,
When
the
great
Princes
of
Germanie
vppon
any
occasion
or
iniury
offred
,
are
disposed
to
make
Warre
one
against
another
,
or
vpon
an
imperiall
army
assembled
to
inuade
or
resist
the
Turk
,
beeing
bounde
as
they
are
by
their
Tenures
Militarie
to
the
Empire
,
some
to
finde
Horsemen
,
The
other
cause
that
doth
moue
them
to
forme
their
bands
so
great
,
is
,
that
their
Militia
consisting
of
harquebuziers
,
mosquetiers
,
piquers
,
and
some
halbarders
,
with
a
few
slathe
swords
for
the
guard
of
their
Ensignes
,
that
those
sorts
of
weapons
by
reason
of
the
greatnesse
of
the
bands
being
in
great
compertiments
and
diuisions
may
be
the
more
readilie
and
easilie
drawne
out
,
and
seperated
,
and
with
a
great
deale
more
celeritie
incorporated
with
the
other
great
compertimentes
of
like
weapons
of
other
great
bands
to
forme
their
squadrons
with
sleeues
,
winges
,
troupes
,
and
forlorne
hopes
,
according
to
the
order
and
direction
of
their
Coronels
,
and
Sergeantes
Maiors
,
then
if
their
bands
were
smaller
either
of
200.
or
150.
or
vnder
that
number
,
whereby
the
Compertiments
of
weapons
should
be
also
the
smaller
,
and
therby
in
number
the
greater
,
and
so
consequently
,
would
require
a
much
longer
time
not
only
to
drawe
out
,
but
also
to
incorporate
compertimentes
with
compertimentes
for
the
forming
of
battles
with
sleeues
,
winges
,
and
forlorne
hopes
as
aforesaid
:
Besides
that
,
such
great
bands
both
by
reason
and
experience
are
as
readie
,
and
a
great
deale
more
ready
to
bee
emploied
either
in
whole
companies
vnder
their
Captains
and
Lieutenants
,
or
deuided
into
partes
and
corporalates
vnder
their
Corporals
and
Sergeants
,
for
watches
,
bodies
of
watches
,
Centinels
,
and
all
other
ordinarie
and
extraordinary
emploiments
and
actions
militarie
,
in
Campe
,
Towne
,
or
field
,
then
any
smal
bands
are
:
For
it
is
most
euident
that
smal
bands
of
150.
to
an
Ensigne
,
consisting
of
5.
different
sortes
of
weapons
,
(
viz:
)
piques
,
battleaxes
,
mosquets
,
harquebuzes
,
and
longbowes
,
and
that
therefore
euery
one
sort
of
those
weapons
is
to
be
reduced
into
diuers
little
diuisions
by
themselues
,
which
besides
the
vncomely
sight
to
see
so
many
small
compertimentes
in
euery
such
little
band
,
it
would
require
a
much
longer
time
vpon
the
dailie
and
ordinarie
dislodging
of
an
Armie
reduced
into
a
vaungard
,
battle
and
rereward
,
to
draw
so
great
numbers
of
compertiments
out
of
such
a
number
of
little
bandes
;
then
out
of
a
few
bands
of
500.
to
draw
a
few
great
compertiments
,
and
to
incorporate
and
reduce
them
into
any
forme
or
formes
.
And
this
before
written
,
I
thinke
,
might
suffice
to
perswade
any
that
do
professe
Armes
,
that
are
of
any
discretion
,
although
but
of
meane
iudgement
in
matters
Militarie
,
that
such
great
bands
as
aforesaid
,
are
a
great
deale
more
fitt
and
conuenient
to
forme
battles
and
squadrons
withall
,
then
such
small
bands
as
aforesaid
are
.
Howbeit
because
there
be
some
3.
or
4.
of
our
Nation
that
haue
written
in
certen
lewde
and
false
pamphlets
and
libells
against
me
(
as
is
before
mentioned
)
that
haue
not
bene
ashamed
to
name
themselues
the
inuentors
and
deuisers
of
a
new
discipline
Militarie
,
(
who
how
farre
wide
they
are
from
the
vnderstanding
of
all
true
discipline
,
all
men
of
right
consideration
may
euidently
see
by
their
writinges
,
speakings
,
vaine
opinions
and
actions
)
;
that
they
I
say
,
in
their
malitious
and
friuolous
libels
do
write
(
as
aforesaid
)
that
small
bands
of
150.
are
as
readie
to
be
reduced
into
any
squadron
,
as
great
bands
of
.500
.
are
.
I
therefore
to
make
that
,
which
I
haue
before
written
more
apparant
,
and
vtterlie
to
conuince
their
obstinate
ignorances
,
will
by
comparing
the
best
orders
and
waies
of
fourming
of
squadrons
,
both
with
great
,
and
with
small
bandes
,
shewe
with
what
great
readines
and
facilitie
,
squadrons
may
be
formed
with
a
few
great
Compertiments
out
of
great
bandes
of
.
500.
to
an
Ensigne
;
and
with
what
difficultie
great
squadrons
are
reduced
into
forme
,
with
many
little
Compertiments
out
of
small
bandes
of
.150
.
to
an
Ensigne
:
that
therby
all
men
of
consideration
may
euidentlie
see
the
erronious
and
vnskilfull
opinions
Militarie
that
those
our
such
men
of
warre
do
hold
:
And
therefore
I
do
for
example
alledge
:
That
admit
that
a
generall
of
an
Army
of
.18000
.
The
Lieutennant
general
therfore
first
to
make
proofe
whether
the
piquers
of
one
of
the
regiments
of
the
small
bands
,
or
the
piquers
of
one
of
the
Regiments
of
the
great
bands
were
more
readie
to
be
reduced
into
squadron
,
is
to
commaund
that
at
a
certen
houre
vpon
a
sound
and
warning
giuen
by
his
trompettor
,
two
Coronells
with
their
two
Regiments
the
one
consisting
all
of
small
bands
of
.150
.
and
the
other
all
of
great
bands
of
.500
.
should
with
all
celeritie
reduce
themselues
into
their
simple
and
single
order
of
rankes
:
(
which
reducement
of
bandes
into
their
simple
,
and
single
order
,
is
euer
to
be
performed
before
squadrons
can
with
order
and
reason
Militarie
be
formed
)
,
Or
otherwise
,
if
the
same
said
Regiment
of
3000.
beeing
ready
to
dislodge
and
march
out
of
their
quarter
,
will
vse
a
more
short
waie
of
reducement
into
squadron
,
and
to
arme
the
same
with
weapons
of
volee
:
Then
the
Sergeant
Maior
may
giue
order
that
euerie
one
of
the
6.
bands
of
500.
to
euery
Ensign
be
reduced
into
their
simple
and
single
order
of
rankes
in
this
sort
following
;
that
is
that
the
Captains
and
officers
of
the
3.
first
bands
that
he
will
reduce
into
forme
,
and
begin
his
squadron
withal
,
doo
reduce
all
their
weapons
of
volee
that
are
to
〈◊〉
the
frunt
and
right
flanke
of
the
squadron
into
compertiments
of
10.
in
a
ranke
,
or
fewer
as
he
shall
think
most
meet
:
And
that
the
said
seuerall
compertiments
of
euerie
one
of
those
three
bands
being
led
by
their
Conductors
shall
march
and
follow
one
another
:
And
that
al
the
piquers
of
the
6.
whole
bandes
be
reduced
into
6.
compertiments
of
10.
in
euery
ranke
from
frunt
to
back
,
readie
vpon
the
sound
of
the
drums
to
follow
the
compertiments
of
weapons
of
volee
;
As
also
beeing
distinctlie
led
by
their
Captaines
to
march
and
follow
one
another
:
And
then
that
the
three
compertiments
of
weapons
of
volee
,
that
do
belong
to
the
three
last
compertiments
of
piquers
,
that
are
to
arme
the
left
flank
and
back
of
the
squadron
shall
reduce
themselues
into
10.
in
a
rank
throughout
,
or
any
smaller
number
,
in
like
sort
as
he
hath
before
giuen
direction
to
the
three
first
compertiments
of
weapons
of
volee
.
Al
which
reducementes
into
their
simple
or
single
order
beeing
performed
;
then
vppon
the
strokes
and
sounds
of
the
drummes
,
or
of
the
Coronels
trompettor
,
they
are
presentlie
to
march
out
at
that
Sallie
,
turnpique
,
or
barriers
of
the
camp
,
that
it
hath
before
pleased
the
General
,
or
L.
Marshal
to
giue
direction
:
And
the
three
formost
compertiments
of
weapons
of
volee
being
comne
neere
to
the
place
where
the
squadron
is
to
bee
formed
,
they
are
presently
to
march
to
the
right
flanke
and
side
of
the
same
place
,
&
there
to
reduce
themselues
into
as
many
different
forms
,
as
the
sergeant
Maior
hath
before
giuen
direction
:
At
which
instant
,
the
first
compertiment
of
30.
ranks
of
piquers
10.
in
a
rank
,
doo
march
vp
to
the
place
of
reducement
,
whither
being
comn
,
vpon
the
sound
of
the
drums
for
that
purpose
,
they
are
presently
to
aduance
their
piques
and
make
a
pause
.
At
which
time
&
instant
the
second
compertiment
,
and
the
third
compertiment
both
of
like
numbers
of
10.
piquers
in
euery
one
ranke
from
frunt
to
back
,
do
march
vp
the
second
by
the
right
flanke
of
the
first
compertiment
that
hath
alreadie
made
a
pause
or
stand
,
and
the
thirde
by
the
left
flanke
of
the
said
first
compertiment
:
At
which
time
and
instant
also
the
fourth
compertiment
dooth
march
vppe
by
the
right
flanke
of
the
second
compertiment
,
and
the
fifth
by
the
left
flanke
of
the
third
compertiment
.
And
the
sixt
or
last
compertiment
by
the
right
flanke
of
the
fourth
compertiment
,
vntill
all
those
5.
compertiments
doo
finde
their
first
rankes
equall
in
frunt
,
and
their
last
rankes
equall
in
backe
or
rereward
,
with
the
first
and
last
rankes
of
the
said
first
compertiment
.
During
which
time
and
instant
of
the
reducement
of
the
said
6.
compertiments
of
piquers
into
squadron
,
the
three
last
compertimentes
of
weapons
of
volee
doo
march
vp
by
the
left
flanke
of
the
squadron
of
piquers
now
alreadie
fourmed
,
and
there
are
to
reduce
themselues
into
the
like
formes
that
the
foremost
3.
compertiments
of
weapons
of
volee
haue
doone
,
vpon
the
right
flanke
of
the
squadron
:
Or
otherwise
as
it
shall
please
the
Coronell
or
Sergeant
Maior
to
giue
direction
,
for
the
arming
of
the
said
left
flanke
and
back
of
the
aforesaid
piquers
.
And
now
this
squadron
being
by
this
kind
of
reducement
,
reduced
into
forme
,
with
sleeues
,
winges
,
troups
,
and
other
formes
of
weapons
of
volee
,
with
great
readiness
and
celeritie
;
al
men
of
consideration
may
euidentlie
see
,
with
what
great
facilitie
and
dexteritie
a
few
great
compertiments
of
piquers
and
halbardiers
for
the
guard
of
the
Ensignes
,
out
of
great
bands
of
500.
are
reduced
into
squadron
of
60.
souldiors
in
frunt
and
30.
rankes
by
flanke
,
or
into
any
other
farre
greater
squadron
,
with
weapons
of
volee
reduced
into
diuers
formes
to
arme
,
the
frunt
,
flankes
and
backe
,
according
to
the
commandement
of
the
Generall
,
or
Coronell
,
or
Sergeant
Maior
.
But
now
let
vs
see
how
the
other
aforsaid
regiment
of
3000.
deuided
into
small
bandes
of
hundreds
and
fifties
,
(
according
to
the
contrarie
opinion
)
three
parts
of
them
piquers
,
and
the
other
two
partes
weapons
of
volee
(
as
aforesaid
)
may
with
most
celeritie
be
reduced
into
the
like
squadron
of
1800.
piquers
before
set
downe
;
that
is
,
60.
in
frunt
,
and
30
by
flanks
:
I
say
that
to
form
that
squadron
,
each
one
of
the
20.
Captaines
must
according
to
all
order
and
discipline
,
first
reduce
their
bandes
vnder
their
Ensignes
into
their
simple
and
single
order
of
rankes
,
as
also
into
their
different
compertiments
,
as
the
great
bands
before
haue
doone
.
And
because
that
they
may
the
more
readily
forme
the
squadron
,
it
will
behooue
them
to
haue
speciall
regard
to
the
number
of
60.
souldiors
that
their
squadron
must
conteine
in
euery
ranke
from
frunt
to
backe
,
as
also
that
there
must
be
30.
ranks
by
flankes
:
which
beeing
by
them
considered
,
they
then
must
reduce
all
the
piquers
of
euerie
one
of
their
bandes
into
such
numbers
of
ranks
,
as
that
they
may
be
by
flank
,
in
equall
numbers
of
ranks
with
the
squadron
that
they
intend
to
forme
of
30.
ranks
:
which
to
accomplish
,
they
must
reduce
their
compertimentes
of
piquers
of
each
one
of
their
bandes
into
30.
rankes
of
3.
in
a
ranke
:
which
number
being
3.
partes
of
the
5.
parts
of
each
one
of
their
bands
as
aforesaid
;
doth
amount
iust
to
90.
piquers
;
the
other
two
partes
consisting
of
weapons
of
volee
beeing
60.
So
as
they
must
forme
their
squadron
with
the
compertiments
of
90.
piquers
,
3.
in
euery
ranke
,
as
the
great
bandes
did
forme
their
squadrons
with
compertiments
of
300.
piquers
10
in
euery
ranke
,
which
to
perform
,
(
considering
that
they
are
20.
compertiments
of
90.
piquers
to
euery
compertiment
,
out
of
20
little
bands
,
as
the
compertiments
of
the
great
bandes
were
but
only
6.
compertiments
of
300
piquers
to
euery
compertiment
,
out
of
the
6.
great
bands
of
500.
to
euerie
band
)
will
require
3.
or
4.
times
longer
time
,
then
to
reduce
them
into
squadron
by
the
6.
compertiments
of
the
great
bandes
as
aforesaid
.
Or
incase
that
the
Coronell
would
giue
order
that
those
little
bands
being
reduced
into
their
simple
and
single
order
of
.
3
.
Wheras
contrariwise
,
the
compertiments
of
piquers
of
the
other
three
Regiments
of
great
bandes
of
500.
as
aforsaid
,
consisting
of
300.
piquers
to
euerie
compertiment
,
may
with
great
dexteritie
,
quietnesse
and
facilitie
,
without
the
aforesaid
peecing
and
patching
of
compertiments
with
compertiments
form
the
aforesaid
squadron
of
108.
in
frunt
,
and
50.
by
flanks
,
with
their
single
compertiments
,
without
any
one
band
,
or
compertiment
borowing
the
one
of
the
other
:
As
for
example
,
to
form
the
aforesaide
squadron
of
108.
piquers
in
frunt
;
and
50.
rankes
by
flankes
,
(
the
three
Regimentes
of
3000.
to
euerie
Regiment
consisting
of
18
bandes
500.
to
euerie
ensigne
:
which
of
piquers
and
weapons
of
volee
are
in
all
9000.
Of
the
which
there
are
3.
partes
piquers
,
and
two
partes
weapons
of
volee
,
as
aforesaide
,
that
is
5400.
piquers
,
and
3600.
souldiours
of
weapons
of
volee
)
the
compertimentes
of
piquers
of
all
those
18.
bandes
consisting
euery
one
of
300.
piquers
,
and
euery
one
of
those
compertimentes
of
300.
beeing
reduced
into
their
simple
and
single
order
of
6.
in
euerie
ranke
,
from
frunt
to
backe
,
are
iust
in
number
50.
ran●es
of
6.
souldiours
in
euery
ranke
.
All
which
18.
compertimentes
of
300.
piquers
to
euerie
compertiment
marching
euery
one
of
them
6.
in
a
ranke
,
(
as
aforesaid
)
beeing
led
and
drawne
vp
by
their
Captains
by
the
flanke
,
or
flankes
the
one
of
the
other
,
(
according
vnto
any
of
the
orders
that
I
haue
before
very
particularly
set
down
for
the
forming
of
squadrons
and
battles
)
are
without
any
kinde
of
trouble
,
disorder
or
rumor
,
with
great
facility
reduced
into
the
aforsaid
battle
and
squadron
of
108.
piquers
in
euery
ranke
from
frunt
to
backe
,
and
of
50.
rankes
by
flankes
,
which
squadron
in
al
consisteth
of
5400.
piquers
as
aforesaid
.
And
this
dexteritie
and
facilitie
of
forming
of
great
squadrons
without
any
disorder
or
confusion
doth
proceed
of
the
great
compertiments
that
are
drawne
out
of
great
bands
:
whereas
farre
otherwise
,
to
forme
the
same
saide
squadron
with
60.
compertiments
of
90
piquers
,
3.
in
a
ranke
in
euery
compertiment
,
drawne
out
of
60.
little
bandes
of
150.
And
as
these
before
alledged
confusions
and
disorders
doo
insue
in
forming
of
a
squadron
of
piquers
with
such
little
compertiments
:
euen
so
dooth
there
ensue
as
great
or
greater
confusions
in
reducing
a
farre
greater
number
of
little
compertimentes
of
weapons
of
volee
,
that
do
consist
of
three
different
sorts
of
weapons
,
as
of
Archers
,
mosquetiers
and
harquebuziers
,
into
diuers
formes
and
emploiments
;
All
which
reducementes
of
squadrons
into
forme
with
sleeues
,
winges
,
troups
,
and
forlorne
hopes
of
weapons
of
volee
,
and
other
such
like
doo
require
fower
or
fiue
times
longer
time
to
performe
,
then
with
a
few
great
compertiments
of
piquers
&
weapons
of
volee
out
of
bandes
of
500.
to
reduce
such
great
squadrons
into
forme
as
aforesaid
with
sleeues
,
winges
,
forlorne
hopes
,
&c.
of
weapons
of
volee
,
as
all
men
that
are
not
obstinatelie
ignorant
may
by
that
which
I
haue
before
declared
most
manifestlie
see
.
The
testimonie
and
proofe
whereof
was
euidentlie
seene
at
such
time
as
there
were
certen
great
squadrons
formed
,
or
rather
with
great
disorder
,
trouble
,
and
confusion
wonderfullie
deformed
heere
in
Essex
the
yeare
1588.
Which
proceeded
of
nothing
so
much
as
of
the
lacke
of
vnderstanding
of
such
as
should
haue
reduced
the
whole
Armie
into
great
bandes
of
500.
to
euery
Ensigne
,
with
conuenient
and
well
sorted
compertimentes
,
or
of
400.
or
of
300.
to
euerie
Ensigne
at
the
fewest
.
Whereas
farre
otherwise
,
the
bands
of
the
whole
Armie
did
consist
of
diuers
different
numbers
,
as
of
150.
of
200
of
300.
of
400.
of
500.
and
of
600.
to
an
ensigne
,
and
in
all
those
bands
,
the
compertimentes
of
the
different
sorts
of
weapons
were
so
ill
sorted
,
and
in
so
great
disproportion
,
as
the
same
with
the
lacke
of
skill
of
such
as
should
haue
reformed
those
imperfections
,
were
the
very
causes
that
when
they
went
about
to
reduce
and
forme
any
squadron
with
sleeues
,
wing●s
,
&c:
they
fell
into
manie
errors
and
confusions
,
as
all
those
that
were
there
of
any
vnderstanding
in
matters
militarie
might
euidentlie
see
.
Vppon
all
which
reasons
and
examples
of
reducing
of
great
and
small
bands
into
squadrons
with
so
many
imperfections
,
confusions
,
and
failings
as
are
incident
and
doo
ordinarilie
ensue
in
reducing
of
little
compertiments
of
small
bandes
into
diuers
formes
of
squadrons
with
sleeues
,
winges
,
forlorne
hopes
,
&c
,
with
the
great
perfections
and
easinesse
of
reducing
the
great
compertimentes
of
great
bandes
into
all
sortes
of
formes
with
great
facilitie
as
is
before
declared
,
considered
;
I
come
to
conclude
that
the
aforesaid
Lieutenant
Generall
,
or
any
other
Chiefetaine
of
right
vnderstanding
,
obseruation
and
iudgement
,
would
forme
the
footmen
of
his
Armie
into
great
bandes
,
and
not
into
such
small
bandes
as
are
before
mentioned
.
And
thus
farre
concerning
the
proouing
that
great
bandes
of
500.
are
more
conuenient
for
all
purposes
and
emploiments
,
then
small
bands
of
150.
or
200.
are
.
Concerning
Ensignes
and
Ensignebearers
of
priuate
bandes
of
footmen
,
as
also
concerning
the
Standard
,
and
Standard
bearer
of
an
Emperour
,
or
of
a
King
.
HEere
it
is
to
be
noted
,
because
Ensignebearers
of
footmen
are
to
march
in
the
midst
of
the
armed
men
,
aswell
in
squadrons
as
in
priuate
bands
;
and
therewithall
to
be
euer
ready
to
take
their
places
vppon
the
assembling
,
reducing
,
or
marching
of
such
bandes
:
that
they
with
their
Ensignes
ought
to
be
lodged
in
their
Captaines
tents
or
lodginges
,
Also
it
is
to
bee
noted
that
an
Ensignebearer
in
the
field
,
Also
an
Ensignebearer
carying
his
Ensigne
woond
vp
about
the
Ensigne
staffe
,
Also
the
halbarders
that
do
march
in
the
ranke
of
the
Ensignes
,
and
are
for
the
gard
of
them
ought
to
carrie
their
halbards
with
such
respect
as
they
ought
not
to
teare
nor
touch
any
part
of
the
Ensignes
as
neare
as
they
can
possible
.
Also
all
Ensignebearers
marching
in
the
field
either
amongst
their
single
companies
,
or
being
reduced
into
squadron
vpon
the
discouerie
of
the
Enemy
are
presently
to
vnwind
,
open
&
display
their
Ensigns
:
but
yet
if
the
wind
be
great
,
they
may
gather
together
the
lower
parte
or
taffata
of
their
Ensignes
,
and
leane
the
Ensignestaffe
and
Ensigne
to
their
shoulders
vntill
they
approch
neerer
to
the
enemie
;
at
which
time
all
Ensignebearers
ought
to
display
and
aduance
their
ensignes
carrying
them
in
their
left
hands
,
to
the
intent
that
they
may
bee
the
more
ready
vpon
the
neer
approch
and
encountring
with
the
enemie
,
with
their
right
handes
to
drawe
their
swordes
and
defend
their
Ensignes
,
by
reason
that
they
ought
not
to
fight
nor
thrust
with
the
points
of
their
ensigne
staues
,
but
only
in
assaults
of
Towns
,
or
vpon
some
other
great
extremitie
,
but
to
carry
them
vpright
,
and
sometimes
aduanced
to
the
intent
that
they
may
be
still
in
the
sight
of
their
souldiors
.
Also
if
any
Ensignebearer
or
ensignebearers
in
their
band
or
bandes
,
Also
when
a
single
band
or
companie
of
soldiors
or
a
squadron
of
diuers
bandes
marching
in
the
fieldes
shall
come
to
aduaunce
their
piques
and
make
a
stay
,
Also
a
squadron
of
diuers
bands
marching
in
the
fields
,
it
is
lawfull
for
all
the
Ensignebearers
in
their
ranke
or
rankes
of
Ensignes
to
carrie
their
Ensignes
woond
vp
about
their
Ensignestaues
,
But
all
this
before
notwithstanding
,
And
also
it
is
to
be
noted
that
the
said
standardbearer
with
his
standard
,
or
his
deputy
standardbearer
,
when
the
standardbearer
is
disposed
to
ease
himselfe
,
Certen
orders
,
directions
and
briefe
speeches
to
be
vsed
vnto
Harqueb●ziers
,
Piquers
,
and
battleaxes
,
when
they
are
in
skirmish
with
their
enemies
in
the
field
.
SKirmishes
both
on
horsebacke
and
on
foot
doo
begin
vpon
such
,
and
so
many
diuers
,
and
infinite
occasions
when
two
puissant
Armies
that
are
enemies
one
to
the
other
are
in
the
field
,
as
no
man
is
able
to
particular
the
number
of
them
:
And
therfore
I
will
as
not
requisite
ouerpasse
them
;
But
because
hithervnto
I
haue
handled
the
ordering
,
reducing
and
forming
more
particularlie
of
footmen
then
of
horsmen
,
I
will
by
the
help
of
Almighty
God
in
this
place
proceed
to
certen
orders
,
directions
and
briefe
speeches
,
that
are
to
be
vsed
vnto
bands
of
harquebuziers
entring
into
skirmish
,
or
being
in
s●irmish
;
as
also
how
they
should
bee
reduced
into
diuers
orders
and
formes
for
diuers
effectes
and
purposes
:
which
when
I
haue
performed
,
I
wil
then
proceed
to
the
reducing
and
ordering
of
other
weapons
of
volee
,
as
of
mosquetiers
,
and
archers
into
their
conuenient
formes
.
And
therefore
it
is
first
to
be
noted
that
there
be
4.
different
and
principal
waies
for
bandes
of
harquebuziers
to
enter
into
skirmish
Of
the
which
4.
the
first
is
vpon
some
occasions
to
skirmish
only
with
loose
shot
,
And
the
third
which
is
of
no
lesse
importance
then
the
former
two
is
;
that
harquebuziers
doo
not
discharge
their
peeces
at
the
enemy
out
of
conuenient
distances
;
for
if
they
doo
,
then
how
well
soeuer
they
haue
charged
their
peeces
,
and
with
what
leisure
and
aduisement
soeuer
they
doo
discharge
the
same
at
men
in
motion
,
they
doo
worke
verie
little
or
no
effect
,
as
well
in
respect
that
no
harquebuziers
howe
good
soeuer
they
bee
,
can
take
their
sightes
so
certenlie
from
point
at
blanke
in
a
great
distance
,
as
they
may
in
a
much
nearer
distance
;
as
also
that
they
can
a
great
deale
lesse
take
their
sights
from
the
ends
of
their
peeces
at
their
enemies
in
motion
a
great
distance
off
,
although
it
be
within
the
points
and
blankes
of
their
peeces
:
besides
many
other
causes
and
particularities
concerning
the
same
in
my
booke
of
discourses
by
me
set
forth
1590.
conteined
:
But
here
it
is
to
be
noted
that
this
kind
of
skirmishing
of
lose
shot
of
societies
of
threes
is
not
so
good
by
a
great
deale
as
to
skirmish
in
societies
of
4.
But
here
it
may
be
demanded
what
I
doo
call
the
well
charging
of
peeces
of
weapons
of
fire
?
Whervnto
I
answer
,
That
I
doo
allow
neither
harquebuze
nor
mosquet
for
well
charged
in
seruices
of
the
fielde
,
But
now
the
second
way
of
skirmishing
is
,
The
third
waie
of
skirmishing
is
of
greater
troupes
as
of
6.
of
9.
of
12.
of
15.
of
18.
or
of
21.
But
now
the
fourth
sort
of
giuing
of
volees
in
troupe
,
And
furder
that
all
the
aforesaid
little
societies
and
greater
and
smaller
troupes
of
shot
,
are
in
their
foresaid
skirmishes
to
be
ordered
ouerseene
and
conducted
by
their
Corporalles
,
and
all
the
Corporalls
by
their
higher
officers
;
and
all
these
different
sorts
o●
skirmishing
in
societies
of
loose
shot
,
as
also
in
troupes
I
haue
particulerly
set
down
because
I
haue
known
some
Conductors
of
harquebuze
shot
,
Italians
,
Spaniards
,
&
of
other
Nations
that
haue
vsed
to
skirmish
by
their
soldiors
giuing
of
their
volees
in
three
diuisions
,
and
some
other
conductors
of
the
same
Nations
that
haue
caused
their
harquebuziers
to
giue
their
volees
in
4.
diuisions
in
such
sort
as
is
before
declared
.
But
now
besides
all
this
,
Why
Puttocke
away
,
or
else
that
euerie
one
of
his
owne
head
do
go
thick
&
threefold
or
dispersed
to
discharge
at
the
enemie
with
all
furie
,
But
because
that
in
all
matters
militarie
how
well
ordered
at
the
first
soeuer
,
there
happeneth
vppon
diuers
accidents
disorder
,
either
through
the
fault
or
lacke
of
skill
of
the
conductors
,
or
else
through
the
negligence
or
lack
of
skil
of
the
soldiors
conducted
:
I
wil
now
proceed
to
shew
how
the
chiefe
commanders
&
directers
of
such
skirmishes
should
by
briefe
speeches
redresse
&
reform
al
such
disorders
hapned
:
as
for
example
,
If
the
chiefe
leaders
&
directers
of
the
skirmish
,
shal
see
the
loose
shot
in
their
societies
as
aforsaid
,
or
any
of
the
troupes
of
shot
before
mentioned
to
skirmish
too
thick
and
neere
togither
wherby
they
may
indaunger
one
another
,
or
receaue
the
greater
annoiance
from
the
shot
of
their
Enemies
,
being
more
thinne
and
dispersed
in
their
distances
:
then
he
is
to
say
vnto
such
societies
or
troups
,
Inlarge
souldiors
inlarge
,
And
if
it
happen
as
your
souldiors
are
in
skirmish
or
marching
towardes
,
or
entring
into
skirmish
or
retiring
,
that
you
doo
perceiue
and
espie
any
ground
or
grounds
of
aduantage
for
your
harquebuze
or
mosquet
shot
to
worke
any
good
effect
against
your
enimies
,
either
by
ambush
or
otherwise
as
of
hilles
,
bankes
,
trenches
,
caues
,
wooddes
,
shrubs
,
vines
,
or
any
other
thing
to
encouer
your
shot
,
then
you
are
to
say
to
so
many
societies
or
troupes
of
your
souldiors
as
you
shall
think
meet
for
that
effect
;
To
your
aduantage
souldiors
to
your
aduantage
,
and
therewithall
you
must
name
the
aduantage
and
strength
that
they
should
preuent
the
enimies
of
,
be
they
bankes
,
hedges
,
trenches
,
hilles
,
or
any
other
strength
,
which
being
by
them
heard
,
they
must
presently
performe
the
same
.
And
incase
that
you
beeing
in
skirmish
doo
see
any
reason
of
aduantage
to
drawe
the
loose
shot
of
societies
or
troupes
,
or
both
,
more
on
the
one
side
,
then
on
the
other
,
that
is
more
to
the
right
hand
then
to
the
left
;
then
you
are
to
say
vnto
them
,
Wing
,
Wing
souldiors
to
the
right
.
And
if
to
the
left
hand
then
you
may
say
,
Wing
,
Wing
souldiors
to
the
left
.
Auaunce
,
Auaunce
forward
souldiors
.
And
incase
your
souldiors
being
in
skirmish
,
you
shall
see
your
aduantage
to
reduce
some
of
your
loose
shot
into
troupes
of
6.
of
9.
of
12
or
of
15.
or
more
,
be
the
numbers
euen
or
odde
it
importeth
not
,
so
as
the
particularities
by
me
before
set
down
be
alwaies
obserued
,
in
such
sort
that
the
one
troupe
may
fauour
and
flanke
the
other
;
then
in
passing
amongest
them
you
are
to
say
to
your
Corporals
and
souldiors
.
Troupe
,
troupe
,
and
flanke
souldiors
.
And
if
you
find
your
souldiors
ouerpressed
with
number
of
shot
,
or
that
your
souldiors
with
long
skirmish
haue
almost
spent
their
powder
or
heated
their
peeces
,
then
you
are
to
say
.
Retire
,
retire
,
and
frunt
souldiors
,
which
beeing
by
them
heard
they
must
retire
stil
with
their
faces
towards
their
Enemies
,
discharging
their
peeces
not
too
fast
,
least
that
they
should
find
themselues
to
their
own
mischiefe
altogither
without
powder
.
And
incase
that
you
haue
piquers
or
halbarders
to
backe
your
shot
(
which
you
should
neuer
be
without
,
)
and
that
you
see
that
your
Enemies
as
also
your
owne
soldiors
by
long
skirmish
haue
spent
much
of
their
powder
and
heated
their
peeces
,
and
that
your
shott
with
the
shot
of
your
enemies
are
readie
to
enter
pellemelle
,
then
you
are
to
say
to
your
piquers
and
halbarders
:
Charge
charge
and
execute
soldiors
:
which
being
by
you
pronounced
they
are
to
enter
with
all
furie
vpon
their
enemies
,
and
with
puissant
hand
to
do
execution
vpon
them
.
Briefe
speeches
to
be
vsed
by
Captaines
or
leaders
,
of
Harquebuziers
when
they
would
reduce
them
into
a
broad
square
with
distances
oblique
.
IF
a
Captaine
or
leader
of
harquebuziers
would
vpon
any
occasion
or
aduantage
of
ground
reduce
any
number
of
harquebuziers
into
a
broad
square
or
hearse
oblique
of
7.
rankes
,
with
intent
that
they
may
haue
the
more
conuenient
distances
for
the
discharging
of
their
volees
,
then
they
are
to
say
vnto
them
:
Oblique
your selues
harquebuziers
21.
and
20.
in
rankes
,
or
any
other
numbers
greater
or
fewer
,
so
as
the
first
ranke
doo
exceed
the
second
ranke
by
the
number
of
one
,
and
the
third
,
the
fourth
likewise
by
the
number
of
one
,
and
so
consequently
in
the
same
sort
to
the
last
seuenth
ranke
which
should
be
of
equal
number
to
the
first
:
Then
the
harquebuziers
presentlie
are
to
reduce
themselues
into
the
forme
oblique
,
And
all
those
harquebuziers
beeing
reduced
into
this
forme
oblique
with
conuenient
and
proportionate
distances
,
may
through
those
distances
oblique
giue
gallant
volees
to
the
great
mischiefe
of
their
enimies
,
without
hurting
or
endamaging
the
one
the
other
:
And
because
that
these
distances
oblique
may
seeme
strange
to
such
as
neuer
sawe
horsemen
or
footemen
reduced
into
that
fourme
:
So
it
is
that
I
haue
manie
times
seene
in
Hongarie
in
the
Warres
of
Emperour
MAXI
MILIAN
against
the
Turks
,
the
harquebuziers
,
Speaches
to
be
vsed
to
a
broad
square
,
or
to
any
ordered
troupe
of
harquebuziers
being
in
a
straight
or
ground
of
aduantage
,
where
horsmen
cannot
charge
them
.
WHen
a
good
number
of
harquebuziers
are
reduced
into
a
square
or
troupe
formed
not
in
rankes
oblique
but
by
right
line
to
flanke
a
breach
or
to
make
head
against
the
enemie
in
some
straight
or
passage
,
or
that
the
place
is
such
and
of
that
strength
for
the
guard
of
the
harquebuziers
that
it
is
more
requisit
that
they
should
make
resistance
against
the
enemie
in
some
square
or
troupe
formed
then
any
waies
disseuered
or
in
troupes
confused
,
then
the
leaders
vppon
the
approch
of
the
enemie
are
to
say
vnto
them
Discharge
soldiors
&
to
your
knees
,
and
charge
againe
volee
after
volee
:
Briefe
speaches
to
be
vsed
to
Mosquetiers
beeing
in
a
broad
square
.
WHen
a
conuenient
company
of
mosquetiers
well
guarded
with
armed
men
are
reduced
into
a
broad
square
of
15.
or
20.
in
frunt
,
and
6.
by
flankes
,
more
or
fewer
,
and
that
all
their
restes
be
fixed
in
the
ground
in
conuenient
distances
,
and
that
their
conductors
vpon
the
approach
of
the
enemie
would
haue
them
to
giue
volee
after
volee
from
their
rests
,
taking
their
certen
sights
from
pointe
at
blanke
,
and
that
euerie
ranke
should
orderlie
succeede
the
one
the
other
in
discharging
their
peeces
;
then
they
are
to
say
vnto
them
,
Discharge
,
retire
,
and
aduance
,
which
being
by
the
mosquetiers
heard
,
And
heere
it
is
to
be
furder
noted
,
Demain
puesto
,
as
the
Spaniards
call
it
.
For
although
the
mosquet
ranforced
and
well
charged
with
good
powder
woulde
carrie
a
bullet
point
and
blanke
24.
or
30.
scores
:
doth
it
therefore
follow
that
they
should
giue
Volees
of
mosquet
shotte
24.
or
20.
skores
off
,
Certen
Orders
,
directions
,
and
briefe
speeches
to
be
obserued
by
a
Sergeant
Maior
,
and
Captaines
,
and
leaders
of
Archers
in
the
field
.
ALl
the
most
notable
and
excellent
kinges
and
their
great
captaines
of
our
English
nation
in
times
past
,
(
who
as
it
is
most
manifest
by
many
notable
histories
both
auncient
and
moderne
)
were
not
any
wayes
inferior
in
knowledge
and
skill
in
the
Arte
and
science
military
to
the
greatest
kinges
and
captaines
of
our
age
deceased
;
but
did
also
farre
exceed
and
excell
all
the
Princes
and
Captaines
of
this
obscure
time
of
Ignorance
in
christendome
nowe
liuing
,
in
all
proceedings
and
actions
militarie
,
(
as
it
is
most
apparant
by
the
many
batt●les
&
great
victories
by
them
in
diuers
ages
,
and
against
many
warlike
nations
obtained
)
did
(
contrarie
to
the
vaine
and
friuolous
opinions
of
our
newe
English
men
of
warre
of
this
time
)
so
greatly
esteeme
of
our
archers
,
All
which
considered
,
Ranke
your selues
archers
.
7.
in
a
ranke
or
if
they
will
make
a
hearse
of
8.
rankes
,
then
ranke
your selues
8
in
a
ranke
,
(
as
in
the
first
part
of
this
my
booke
concerning
the
reducing
of
single
bandes
into
rankes
,
is
verie
particulerly
contained
)
;
which
being
by
the
archers
performed
thrughout
the
whole
band
,
or
as
manie
bands
of
archers
as
they
will
bring
into
a
hearse
;
then
their
Captaines
and
conductors
are
to
lead
them
by
the
flanke
and
corner
of
the
squadron
where
those
archers
shall
be
reduced
into
winge
;
and
there
drawing
those
archers
as
far
out
,
and
large
from
the
corner
of
the
squadron
as
they
shal
think
requisite
;
and
finding
the
hindermost
ranke
of
7.
soldiors
,
or
of
8.
if
they
be
disposed
to
make
their
flanke
of
8.
archers
,
to
be
of
such
conuenient
distance
from
the
corner
of
the
squadron
as
they
shal
think
meet
:
then
the
chiefe
Commander
of
those
Archers
is
presentlie
to
goe
to
the
midst
of
that
flanke
where
they
are
to
make
of
flanke
frunt
,
and
then
being
a
conuenient
distance
from
them
,
he
ought
to
say
vnto
them
:
Frunt
to
mee
Archers
,
and
let
this
worde
passe
throughout
from
flanke
to
flanke
:
Vppon
which
his
wordes
pronounced
,
all
the
souldiors
in
flanke
throughout
next
vnto
him
are
presentlie
to
turne
their
faces
and
weapons
towardes
him
and
make
of
flanke
frunt
,
and
so
subsequentlie
all
the
rest
of
the
archers
throughout
al
the
rankes
must
performe
the
like
.
And
this
making
of
flank
frunt
may
be
performed
aswel
by
the
stroke
of
the
drumme
as
by
the
briefe
speeches
of
the
commander
:
which
being
by
them
performed
,
then
they
must
presently
reforme
themselues
into
their
conuenient
distances
both
by
frunt
and
flanks
,
that
thereby
they
may
without
any
impediment
giue
their
volees
as
aforsaid
:
And
thus
of
a
great
number
of
ranks
that
they
were
before
when
they
marched
in
their
simple
or
single
order
of
rankes
,
as
of
7.
or
else
of
8.
in
a
ranke
from
frunt
to
backe
,
they
are
now
become
a
great
number
of
Archers
in
frunt
;
that
is
,
in
euerie
ranke
,
and
but
onelie
of
7.
or
else
8
rankes
by
flankes
,
which
order
and
forme
is
to
be
vnderstood
and
tearmed
a
hearse
of
Archers
;
and
as
this
hearse
is
now
reduced
into
a
wing
either
from
the
right
or
left
corners
of
the
squadron
:
so
may
the
like
winges
be
drawen
from
all
4.
corners
,
as
also
vpon
the
frunt
or
flankes
of
the
squadron
,
or
any
other
place
or
places
where
it
shal
please
the
General
of
the
field
,
But
heere
it
is
to
be
furder
noted
,
that
such
hearses
are
not
to
giue
any
volees
of
arrowes
at
their
Enemies
,
but
onlie
vppon
a
token
or
signe
giuen
vnto
them
by
some
chiefe
Commaunder
of
the
hearse
,
who
by
his
officers
is
to
make
all
the
souldiors
of
the
hearse
priuie
to
the
same
signe
and
token
;
And
therefore
the
same
Commaunder
and
signe
giuer
is
to
be
of
good
vnderstanding
in
archerie
:
as
also
of
the
distances
of
groundes
,
that
thereby
he
may
not
faile
to
giue
his
signe
when
the
hindermost
archers
are
within
the
reach
of
the
former
rankes
of
the
enemies
bee
they
horsemen
or
footmen
:
for
if
hee
should
faile
in
the
same
,
whereby
the
Archers
through
the
too
great
distance
of
ground
shoulde
shoot
short
,
hee
should
then
commit
a
very
grose
error
.
Also
it
is
to
bee
noted
that
if
the
commander
of
the
archers
doo
thinke
it
requisite
,
he
may
deuide
the
deliuerie
of
his
archers
arrowes
into
two
volees
,
that
is
,
that
hee
may
if
the
hearse
doo
consist
of
8.
rankes
by
flankes
take
order
that
fower
of
the
formost
rankes
shal
giue
their
first
volees
,
and
as
the
enemies
doo
approch
neerer
to
giue
order
that
the
other
4.
hindermost
rankes
shall
likewise
giue
their
volees
altogither
with
the
rankes
before
them
.
And
as
the
reducing
of
Archers
into
these
aforesaide
formes
of
hearses
are
verie
conuenient
and
of
great
effect
for
battles
:
euen
so
they
may
bee
brought
into
diuers
other
formes
according
to
the
scituation
of
the
ground
or
grounds
and
diuers
other
occasions
,
and
likewise
worke
verie
great
effectes
.
But
now
,
whereas
there
be
diuers
in
this
time
professing
Armes
,
that
doo
greatly
disesteeme
archers
,
thinking
that
a
farre
greater
number
of
Archers
were
not
able
to
encounter
with
a
smaller
number
of
mosquetiers
:
Howbeit
peraduenture
some
professing
armes
will
saie
,
that
harquebuziers
may
with
a
great
deale
more
aduantage
encounter
with
Archers
then
mosquetiers
,
And
now
as
I
haue
alledged
diuers
reasons
to
shew
and
proue
that
a
smaller
number
of
archers
reduced
into
many
greater
and
smaller
troupes
,
haue
great
aduauntage
to
ouerthrow
and
breake
a
great
deale
greater
nomber
of
mosquetiers
in
the
plaine
&
open
fields
:
euen
so
am
I
perswaded
by
the
like
causes
and
reasons
that
.
All
drummers
should
bee
very
skilfull
and
perfect
in
all
Also
all
Captaines
and
officers
of
bandes
aswell
of
horsmen
Certen
Instructions
and
obseruations
concerning
the
ordering
and
exercising
of
men
at
Armes
,
of
dimilances
,
&
al
so
of
light
horsmen
,
stradiots
incorporated
with
Archers
and
crosbowers
on
horsebacke
,
for
diuers
purposes
&
seruices
.
FIrst
,
when
any
Coronell
or
Captaine
or
Captains
will
reduce
their
bandes
be
they
of
men
at
Armes
,
or
of
dimilaunces
,
or
Stradiots
,
or
of
any
other
sort
of
light
horsemen
into
their
simple
or
single
order
of
4.
5.
or
6.
or
more
or
fewer
in
a
ranke
,
Now
to
reduce
men
at
Armes
or
dimilaunces
into
squadron
,
I
think
it
is
more
then
needeth
againe
to
particuler
the
same
;
considering
that
any
numbers
of
such
horsmen
are
to
bee
reduced
into
their
squadron
or
squadrons
in
one
of
the
same
sorts
that
piquers
footmen
are
;
Howbeit
,
true
it
is
that
such
squadrons
of
Launces
as
do
consist
of
20.
25.
or
30.
rankes
may
drawe
foorth
from
the
backe
or
rereward
a
sleeue
of
5.
or
of
10.
ranks
of
Launces
,
and
draw
them
vppe
by
one
of
the
flankes
of
the
same
squadron
,
and
make
the
frunt
of
their
squadron
broader
by
frunt
and
shorter
by
flankes
;
and
may
also
vpon
some
other
aduantage
espied
with
those
ranks
drawne
out
from
behind
,
charge
the
contrarie
squadron
in
flanke
;
or
vpon
other
occasions
otherwise
employ
them
,
which
is
the
greatest
aduantage
that
such
squadrons
of
men
at
Armes
or
dimilaunces
of
manie
rankes
haue
.
Also
it
is
to
be
noted
that
it
is
a
greater
aduantage
for
such
as
are
Coronels
,
But
yet
because
I
haue
said
before
that
a
squadron
of
Launces
of
10.
or
12.
rankes
are
to
be
reduced
into
forme
with
a
great
deale
greater
facility
then
a
squadron
of
footmen
that
doth
consist
of
many
rankes
and
peraduenture
of
diuersitie
of
weapons
,
and
that
all
Captaines
that
do
leade
Launces
do
not
well
knowe
how
to
forme
such
a
squadron
,
although
but
of
a
few
ranks
as
aforesaid
;
I
will
therefore
here
briefely
set
downe
how
they
shall
presently
reduce
such
a
squadron
of
few
,
As
for
example
,
the
Captaine
or
Captaines
of
such
a
band
or
bands
of
men
at
Armes
or
dimilaunces
,
commanding
their
officers
to
reduce
their
band
or
bandes
into
their
simple
or
single
order
of
6.
Launces
in
a
rank
throughout
,
and
then
considering
the
one
halfe
of
the
full
number
of
the
rankes
,
they
are
vpon
the
sounde
of
the
Trompette
,
or
else
by
briefe
speaches
pronounced
,
to
commaund
the
formost
one
halfe
of
the
launces
to
marche
some
20.
or
30.
paces
,
and
the
other
halfe
of
the
launces
to
stay
and
kepe
their
ground
,
which
marching
forward
of
20.
or
30.
paces
by
the
first
halfe
to
giue
conuenient
ground
and
place
to
the
other
halfe
to
reduce
themselues
into
squadron
by
flanke
being
performed
,
and
they
there
in
their
rankes
making
a
stay
and
pause
,
then
some
captain
or
captains
or
other
leaders
for
that
purpose
appointed
,
placing
themselues
vpon
the
frunt
of
the
hinder
halfe
of
the
launces
that
haue
not
yet
moued
,
they
vpon
the
sounde
of
the
trompet
are
to
march
vp
either
by
the
right
or
left
flanke
of
the
formost
halfe
of
the
launces
now
making
their
pause
and
standing
still
,
vntill
that
the
formost
ranke
of
the
hinder
halfe
of
launces
doe
make
equall
frunte
with
the
formost
ranke
of
the
formost
halfe
of
launces
,
and
so
likewise
that
the
hindermost
ranke
of
the
same
one
halfe
of
launces
,
bee
equall
with
the
hindermost
ranke
of
the
formost
one
halfe
of
the
launces
,
and
so
consequently
all
the
rest
of
the
ranks
be
euen
and
straight
by
flankes
one
with
another
:
which
being
performed
then
of
6.
in
a
rank
that
the
same
band
or
bandes
of
launces
were
before
throughout
,
they
are
nowe
comne
to
be
12.
in
a
ranke
throughout
;
which
being
done
,
then
to
make
them
a
broade
square
of
many
in
frunte
,
that
is
in
euery
ranke
,
and
but
only
of
12.
rankes
,
the
captain
,
or
captains
that
doe
lead
them
,
are
to
lead
and
draw
the
flanke
of
their
band
or
bandes
to
the
ground
whereas
they
will
make
of
flanke
frunt
:
where
being
comne
,
they
are
to
make
a
stay
and
pause
,
and
then
either
by
the
sound
of
the
troumpet
vpon
that
flanke
that
shall
be
made
frunt
,
or
else
vpon
some
of
the
captains
galloping
to
the
midst
of
the
same
flanke
,
and
being
something
distant
from
the
flanke
;
and
pronouncing
with
a
loud
voyce
.
Frunt
vnto
me
men
at
Armes
;
or
frunt
vnto
me
Launces
:
then
presently
all
the
horsemen
that
are
nexte
vnto
them
are
to
tourne
their
horses
faces
and
make
frunt
that
waies
,
and
so
subsequetnly
al
the
rest
of
the
ranks
of
the
launces
one
after
another
,
which
being
performed
,
then
of
how
many
rankes
soeuer
they
were
before
by
flankes
,
now
they
are
becomne
to
be
only
of
12.
rankes
by
flankes
,
and
in
frunt
,
of
the
like
number
that
they
were
by
flanke
,
or
flanks
:
And
as
the
first
forming
of
this
squadron
was
performed
by
doubling
of
the
hinder
halfe
of
the
Launces
by
the
flanke
of
the
formost
halfe
of
the
Launces
(
as
aforesaid
:
)
Euen
so
may
the
Captaines
either
by
the
sound
of
the
trompette
,
or
by
brief
speaches
commaund
their
Launces
to
double
themselues
by
right
line
;
that
is
,
that
the
second
ranke
of
6.
should
enter
into
the
formost
rank
likewise
of
.
6.
and
that
the
fourth
ranke
should
enter
into
the
third
ranke
;
and
so
consequentlie
euerie
second
ranke
throughout
to
the
verie
backe
or
Rereward
,
to
enter
into
the
ranke
before
him
,
in
such
sort
that
of
6.
that
euery
ranke
was
before
,
they
are
now
by
this
doubling
by
right
line
becomne
.
12.
in
euerie
ranke
from
frunt
to
backe
:
which
being
performed
and
all
the
ranks
reformed
in
their
distances
as
well
by
frunt
as
flankes
,
then
the
Captaine
or
Captaines
may
presentlie
make
of
flanke
frunt
according
as
I
haue
before
verie
particulerlie
declared
;
and
then
the
standard
or
Ensigne
,
Now
because
in
these
daies
new
opinions
and
fancies
in
matters
of
armes
grounded
vpon
very
weake
or
rather
no
reasons
at
all
,
do
beare
a
very
great
swaie
;
and
that
amongst
other
errors
militarie
there
be
some
that
doo
hold
&
allow
that
launces
should
be
rather
reduced
into
troup
to
charge
or
receiue
a
charge
,
And
the
those
horsmen
be
instructed
how
to
inlarge
themselues
in
their
rankes
when
they
march
in
squadron
:
and
how
presentlie
vpon
the
sight
of
the
enemie
approching
to
straighten
themselues
by
frunt
and
flankes
,
with
their
iust
&
proportionate
distances
,
in
such
sort
as
they
may
charge
or
receiue
a
charge
of
the
enemie
without
disordering
their
horses
or
Launces
,
or
confounding
their
ranks
.
But
incase
that
vpon
a
sudden
Alarm
giuen
vppon
the
approch
of
the
Enemie
the
Launces
being
in
Campe
,
Towne
,
or
Village
be
not
reduced
into
their
single
order
vnder
their
Ensignes
or
Guidons
,
but
that
they
are
then
assembling
themselues
and
the
enemie
neere
at
hand
;
then
they
must
make
of
necessitie
vertue
,
that
is
to
reduce
themselues
into
troupe
,
making
as
neere
as
they
can
a
triple
,
or
quatriple
frunt
,
or
more
that
they
may
somewhat
resemble
a
squadron
,
hauing
regard
to
their
distances
,
that
they
may
vse
their
Launces
without
disordering
the
one
the
other
as
neere
as
they
may
.
And
whereas
there
be
some
professing
armes
in
this
time
that
doo
holde
an
opinion
that
Launces
haue
a
greater
aduantage
to
charge
or
receiue
a
charge
in
troupe
,
then
in
squadron
as
aforesaid
;
they
therein
doo
shew
that
for
lacke
of
vnderstanding
and
consideration
they
doo
greatlie
erre
in
the
ordering
of
horsemen
Launces
.
For
the
Almaines
,
Italians
,
English
,
and
diuers
other
Nations
haue
of
great
antiquitie
vsed
,
both
squadron
of
men
at
Armes
and
dimilaunces
,
and
also
troupes
:
But
it
was
neuer
heard
of
before
these
disordered
ciuill
wars
of
France
,
And
now
to
the
intent
that
your
men
at
Armes
or
dimilances
may
be
the
better
able
to
charge
or
receiue
a
charge
of
their
enemies
,
it
is
verie
meete
,
and
conuenient
that
their
Captaines
and
officers
should
reduce
them
some
time
into
squadron
with
a
triple
,
or
quatriple
frunt
.
And
being
so
reduced
,
that
they
should
be
taught
,
First
when
they
shall
see
the
squadron
of
their
enemies
comming
to
charge
them
either
galloping
vpon
the
hand
,
or
in
their
full
Carrire
;
then
they
being
straightned
&
closed
in
their
rankes
by
frunt
and
flankes
should
stand
firme
,
all
the
Launces
of
the
three
formost
rankes
ready
charged
in
their
restes
,
but
yet
the
pointes
of
their
launces
something
high
,
vntil
they
do
see
the
enemies
squadron
within
15.
or
20.
paces
of
them
:
at
which
time
they
should
with
a
terrible
shout
altogither
in
an
instant
,
as
if
they
were
one
entire
bodie
,
put
spurres
to
their
horses
,
and
fall
into
their
Carrire
,
and
so
charge
and
shock
with
their
enemies
,
to
the
disordering
or
breaking
of
them
.
All
which
being
by
them
performed
,
they
should
then
stop
their
horses
and
discharge
their
launces
,
setting
them
againe
vppon
their
thighes
:
And
then
they
should
be
instructed
how
with
al
celeritie
to
make
of
flank
frunt
,
by
turning
al
their
horses
faces
that
waie
,
and
by
inlarging
themselues
and
doubling
,
and
redoubling
their
rankes
to
reduce
their
squadron
againe
into
a
triple
,
or
quatriple
frunt
.
Then
I
would
wish
that
all
the
squadron
of
Launces
should
disorder
themselues
pelle
melle
out
of
their
rankes
:
and
that
they
should
be
instructed
either
vppon
the
sound
of
the
Trompet
or
vpon
the
pronouncing
of
these
wordes
,
Troup
,
troup
Launces
,
presentlie
to
fall
into
troupe
,
making
their
frunt
,
triple
,
or
quatriple
,
or
more
in
respect
of
the
flankes
,
as
neere
as
their
Captaines
or
officers
can
guesse
;
And
being
thus
fallen
into
troup
,
they
should
be
taught
how
to
charge
or
receiue
a
charge
of
their
Enemies
,
without
disordering
themselues
or
their
launces
.
Then
I
would
haue
them
againe
reduced
out
of
troupe
into
squadron
,
and
taught
how
they
should
charge
the
flank
or
corner
of
a
squadron
of
piques
,
and
how
incase
they
doe
not
disorder
▪
nor
breake
the
piquers
,
that
they
should
retire
againe
;
and
then
falling
into
troupe
they
should
with
a
terrible
shout
offer
a
false
charge
by
making
a
point
&
casting
about
when
they
come
within
10.
or
15.
paces
of
the
squadron
of
piques
,
incase
that
the
piquers
making
head
with
their
piques
doo
not
disorder
themselues
:
But
if
they
should
perceiue
the
squadron
of
piquers
to
wa●er
or
swaie
(
as
commonly
they
do
a
little
before
they
break
)
that
then
they
should
giue
in
vpon
the
piquers
with
a
full
charge
,
to
the
vtter
ouerthrowing
of
them
.
And
thus
with
these
and
such
like
exercises
they
should
be
made
skilfull
&
able
with
all
aduantages
to
charge
any
squadron
of
horsmen
or
footmen
with
great
art
and
de●teritie
.
Now
peraduenture
some
not
skilful
in
matters
of
armes
may
say
that
I
haue
made
in
a
maner
no
difference
betwixt
the
charging
of
a
fquadron
of
men
at
Armes
,
or
Dimilaunces
,
and
the
receiuing
of
a
charge
of
another
squadron
of
the
like
Weapons
,
because
I
doo
allow
to
the
squadron
that
should
charge
but
30.
paces
,
that
is
20.
galloping
vpon
the
hand
,
and
10.
for
their
full
Carrire
to
giue
the
greater
blow
and
shocke
:
Now
if
it
should
bee
said
vnto
me
that
it
were
more
meet
that
a
squadron
of
launces
that
is
disposed
to
receaue
a
charge
,
But
now
in
this
place
it
is
to
be
noted
and
obserued
that
the
Ensignebearer
if
he
be
of
men
at
Armes
,
or
the
Guidon
bearer
,
Light
horsemen
borderers
I
will
not
take
vpon
me
to
set
downe
any
thing
for
their
instructions
how
they
should
vse
their
speares
in
the
field
,
because
that
they
themselues
by
their
continuall
exercise
are
so
skilful
with
al
such
weapons
as
they
do
vse
in
the
seruice
of
the
borders
.
Certen
Military
discourses
,
Arithmeticall
Tables
,
formes
and
demonstrations
to
reduce
both
horsemen
and
footmen
into
many
formes
of
squadrons
.
&c.
But
because
that
in
my
forementioned
Booke
I
haue
but
only
sett
downe
the
formes
and
demonstrations
of
those
semicircles
by
figures
of
little
horsemen
,
and
not
how
nor
in
what
sort
they
should
be
reduced
into
those
formes
;
I
will
here
briefely
set
downe
concerning
those
reducements
,
as
also
of
the
aduauntages
that
such
light
horsemen
haue
in
such
semicircles
against
a
squadron
of
Launces
.
And
therefore
to
reduce
them
into
the
aforesaid
formes
,
I
say
that
if
there
be
(
for
examples
sake
)
200.
light
horsemen
;
they
are
to
march
2.
in
a
ranke
either
by
right
line
or
oblique
:
And
incase
they
march
2.
in
a
ranke
by
right
line
,
then
euerie
2.
horsemen
are
of
equal
frunt
throughout
from
frunt
to
back
as
all
other
sortes
of
horsemen
in
their
rankes
are
:
But
if
they
march
in
ranks
oblique
,
Now
all
this
band
of
200.
light
horsemen
reduced
into
100.
rankes
marching
by
right
line
straight
forward
,
are
to
be
reduced
into
a
semicircle
in
this
sort
following
,
that
is
,
that
one
Conductor
ought
to
march
before
all
the
rankes
;
And
another
last
of
all
behinde
all
the
rankes
;
Then
after
two
other
Conductors
are
to
be
placed
in
the
verie
midst
,
the
one
to
take
care
and
to
see
order
obserued
by
the
one
halfe
of
the
semicircle
,
that
is
of
his
right
hand
;
and
the
other
to
see
order
obserued
by
the
other
halfe
of
the
semicircle
that
is
of
his
left
hand
:
which
conductors
being
so
placed
,
and
the
Cornet
either
in
the
midst
of
the
rankes
of
the
light
horsemen
,
or
else
in
one
of
the
formost
rankes
;
then
to
reduce
these
100.
rankes
into
a
semicircle
,
either
the
Captaine
,
or
formost
Conductor
must
march
with
his
band
&
fetch
a
great
and
a
large
compasse
and
circuite
of
ground
,
either
vpon
the
right
,
or
left
hand
,
according
as
he
intendeth
to
make
the
frunt
of
his
semicircle
:
And
thus
he
must
leade
his
band
in
compasse
and
halfe
circle
,
vntill
he
seeth
the
hindermost
ranke
right
ouer
,
and
against
in
semicircle
to
the
formost
ranke
of
all
the
bande
,
which
he
himselfe
leadeth
:
which
he
perceiuing
,
then
he
must
commaund
his
trompettor
to
sound
a
stay
or
pause
,
which
done
,
the
trumpettor
must
gallop
towards
the
midst
of
the
semicircle
;
I
meane
of
the
inner
or
compasse
side
,
and
there
must
againe
sound
to
make
of
flanke
frunt
:
which
being
performed
,
then
of
100.
ranks
of
2.
in
a
ranke
that
they
were
before
,
they
are
now
becomne
to
be
only
2.
rankes
of
.
100.
in
each
ranke
,
which
being
performed
,
then
may
they
march
in
this
forme
of
semicircle
in
their
rankes
,
either
by
right
line
or
oblique
if
the
fields
be
large
and
open
(
as
they
are
most
commonly
in
Fraunce
,
and
many
other
Countries
)
with
great
facilitie
:
And
incase
there
were
a
squadron
of
.
150.
By
which
new
,
extraordinarie
,
and
vnexpected
kinde
of
charge
,
the
squadron
of
Launces
that
thought
by
right
line
to
haue
charged
and
broken
the
semicircle
in
the
midst
finding
nothing
there
before
them
to
charge
but
onely
the
ayre
,
are
forced
to
make
a
stay
or
stand
,
and
to
defend
them selues
with
great
disaduantage
of
Weapon
;
and
are
compelled
to
make
frunt
of
both
their
flankes
and
backe
,
all
at
one
time
;
which
they
can
no
waies
performe
without
disordering
themselues
out
of
all
forme
:
whereof
,
and
by
the
neernesse
of
the
light
horsmen
bee
they
speares
or
zagaias
,
that
haue
charged
them
,
as
aforesaid
,
it
commeth
to
passe
,
that
they
haue
not
any
ground
nor
roome
to
put
their
horses
into
any
Carrire
,
nor
to
charge
their
launces
into
their
restes
,
thereby
to
giue
the
greater
blow
and
shocke
,
or
anie
other
waies
to
annoy
the
light
horsmen
,
that
haue
charged
&
do
with
their
zagaias
,
or
speares
vsed
as
punching
staues
,
wounde
and
kill
them
and
their
horses
both
in
flanks
and
backe
,
as
aforesaid
,
by
meanes
whereof
they
haue
not
onelie
vtterlie
lost
the
vse
of
their
Launces
,
but
are
driuen
with
many
wounds
alreadie
receiued
to
disorder
all
their
ranks
&
squadron
&
in
tumultuarie
and
disordred
sort
,
to
fight
with
their
swords
,
and
other
such
short
weapons
against
the
said
light
horsemen
with
their
punching
staues
,
to
the
g
〈◊〉
disaduantage
and
vtter
ruine
of
the
Launces
.
And
whereas
I
haue
shewed
this
order
of
marching
of
a
semicircle
of
two
rankes
oblique
according
to
the
Hongarian
and
Turkie
manner
:
I
say
that
it
hath
beene
and
is
in
respect
,
that
if
any
other
such
light
horsemen
in
rankes
by
right
line
should
charge
them
,
that
the
hindermost
light
horsemen
of
the
second
ranke
,
that
are
oblique
in
ranke
to
their
fellowes
before
them
,
may
at
the
same
instant
,
haue
more
open
and
conueniencie
of
ground
to
succour
their
fellowes
in
the
formost
ranke
,
and
to
charge
their
enemies
,
then
they
otherwise
could
haue
,
if
they
were
by
right
line
directly
behind
the
first
ranke
.
The
great
effects
that
Stradiots
,
Archers
on
horsbacke
,
and
Crosbowers
on
horsback
,
are
to
performe
in
the
field
,
both
against
horsmen
and
footmen
,
with
also
,
the
great
ad●antage
that
they
haue
against
Carabins
,
and
against
Reistres
,
and
all
other
weapons
of
fire
on
horsebacke
,
in
seruices
of
the
field
.
STradiots
before
mentioned
are
a
kinde
of
light
horsemen
that
haue
beene
vsed
of
many
yeares
both
in
Italie
,
Fraunce
,
Spaine
and
Germanie
,
although
in
their
weapons
&
manner
of
arming
,
euery
Nation
hath
differd
one
from
another
more
or
lesse
.
Now
these
light
horsemen
stradiots
that
haue
been
vsed
by
so
many
Nations
are
of
great
execution
and
seruice
in
the
fielde
,
both
against
horsemen
and
footmen
disordered
,
and
very
excellent
to
enter
into
and
maintaine
skirmishe
,
chieflie
if
they
be
incorporated
with
Archers
on
horsback
,
and
Crosbowers
on
horsebacke
:
The
difference
of
which
armors
,
weapons
,
horses
,
and
other
furniture
belonging
to
those
three
sorts
of
weapons
I
omit
,
because
I
haue
verie
particularlie
set
down
mine
opinion
of
those
matters
in
my
forementioned
book
,
entituled
;
Certen
Military
discourses
,
Arithmeticall
Tables
,
formes
and
demonstrations
,
&c.
by
me
Composed
1585.
not
yet
printed
.
Now
therefore
I
will
make
mention
of
nothing
else
but
how
they
shoulde
behaue
themselues
in
the
field
against
their
enemies
,
and
that
I
would
haue
them
to
performe
in
this
sort
.
Stradiots
,
Now
peraduenture
some
wil
saie
that
there
are
no
squadrons
of
Launces
that
wil
bee
without
some
companies
of
Carabins
,
and
Argolettiers
,
or
else
of
Reistres
to
succour
them
,
which
should
greatlie
trouble
the
archers
and
Crosbowers
to
worke
the
effect
before
declared
.
To
the
which
I
answer
,
that
I
am
perswaded
that
if
the
Stradiots
,
archers
and
Crosbowers
,
bee
as
many
in
number
,
as
the
Launces
,
Now
the
effectes
that
bandes
of
stradiots
,
archers
and
Crosbowers
on
horsebacke
may
worke
against
footmen
,
And
thus
hauing
now
finished
all
such
instructions
,
and
aduertisements
militarie
as
haue
at
this
time
fallen
into
my
remembrance
,
that
doo
concern
the
ordering
,
forming
and
exercising
of
single
bandes
and
companies
aswell
of
horsemen
as
of
footmen
,
as
also
of
reducing
and
sorming
of
squadrons
into
al
the
chiefe
formes
of
battles
●y
are
requisit
for
armies
to
march
or
fight
withal
in
the
open
fields
,
with
manie
other
important
particularities
:
I
wil
now
(
with
the
helpe
of
Almightie
God
)
proceed
to
the
setting
downe
of
mine
opinion
how
new
bands
and
companies
that
should
be
elected
and
enrolled
for
defence
of
the
Realme
,
or
for
forren
inuasion
,
are
to
be
elected
,
inrolled
,
armed
and
weaponed
,
with
diuers
other
particularities
.
For
as
for
the
mustering
of
olde
bandes
that
haue
either
serued
long
in
Armies
,
or
in
Garrisons
,
they
are
matters
so
common
in
vse
,
as
it
might
be
holden
but
for
superfluous
to
set
downe
the
orders
and
proceedings
concerning
the
same
;
considering
that
the
most
of
all
Warrelike
Nations
doo
obserue
almost
all
one
sort
of
proceedings
and
obseruations
in
viewing
and
mustering
of
armies
and
Garrisons
that
haue
of
long
time
serued
.
Certen
proceedinges
and
obseruations
that
I
would
wish
to
be
obserued
in
the
first
election
,
enrolling
,
arming
,
and
weaponing
of
Souldiors
,
for
any
employment
;
but
chieflie
for
the
ordinarie
bandes
and
companies
of
horsemen
and
footmen
that
are
to
be
chosen
in
the
Shieres
of
England
,
for
the
defence
of
the
Realme
,
or
for
forren
Inuasion
;
as
also
for
taking
of
reuewes
of
musters
againe
from
time
to
time
,
with
diuers
other
particularities
.
THe
first
thing
of
all
others
that
doth
belong
to
any
perfect
Militia
,
Militia
,
that
I
intend
to
handle
,
Now
because
I
haue
in
diuers
partes
of
Christendome
seene
soldiors
both
horsemen
,
and
footmen
elected
,
inrolled
,
and
leuied
,
in
some
Countries
with
greater
order
,
and
in
others
with
lesse
;
and
that
also
I
haue
partly
obserued
the
ancient
maner
of
election
,
inrolling
,
arming
&
furnishing
of
soldiors
here
in
England
when
I
was
yong
,
as
also
the
proceedings
in
those
affaires
of
this
time
;
I
thought
good
in
this
place
to
set
downe
my
opinion
how
and
in
what
sorte
,
I
would
haue
al
horsemen
and
footmen
of
such
armors
and
weapons
as
we
at
this
present
in
England
do
vse
,
to
be
elected
inrolled
and
euerie
waies
furnished
;
and
there
withall
in
their
first
election
and
inrollement
instructed
:
And
therefore
I
will
first
beginne
with
footmen
.
And
because
that
in
all
right
and
true
elections
and
first
enrollements
of
men
of
war
,
And
so
likwise
,
I
would
that
such
as
were
elected
through
their
good
disposition
of
bodies
to
bee
souldiors
at
35.
or
40.
yeares
old
,
should
with
good
account
and
credit
in
the
shiers
where
they
dwell
,
be
dismissed
from
being
souldiors
at
the
age
of
45.
and
no
waies
further
to
bee
emploied
in
matters
militarie
,
vnlesse
their
wisedome
and
sufficiencie
were
such
,
as
they
were
to
serue
as
officers
of
bandes
.
And
the
causes
wherefore
I
would
not
haue
any
to
bee
elected
to
bee
souldiors
aboue
the
age
of
40.
or
to
continue
souldiors
aboue
the
age
of
5.
yeares
more
,
which
is
45.
are
;
that
to
elect
and
leauie
olde
men
that
neuer
serued
before
to
bee
young
souldiors
,
is
contrarie
to
all
discipline
;
and
to
serue
as
priuate
souldiors
aboue
the
age
of
45.
(
vnlesse
they
bee
excellent
archers
in
perfection
of
strong
and
cleane
shooting
)
it
is
more
then
is
conuenient
,
considering
that
for
the
defence
of
a
kingdome
where
there
is
choice
of
young
men
enough
,
it
were
contrarie
to
all
reason
and
discipline
that
they
should
continue
their
seruices
as
priuate
souldiors
any
longer
,
then
vntil
that
age
of
45.
but
in
the
countries
where
they
dwell
,
at
that
age
with
great
credit
to
be
dismissed
,
that
they
may
the
better
intend
and
follow
their
owne
priuate
affaires
and
other
yoonger
men
of
sufficiencie
and
abilitie
of
bodie
and
mind
to
bee
chosen
in
their
places
:
And
thus
far
concerning
conueniencie
of
yeares
.
And
now
to
the
second
sufficiencie
that
is
to
bee
required
in
such
as
are
to
be
elected
and
inrolled
to
be
souldiors
either
horsmen
or
footmen
;
which
is
good
and
conuenient
corporal
disposition
of
body
and
minde
,
able
and
apt
to
handle
,
or
to
learne
to
handle
&
vse
diuers
sorts
of
weapons
,
without
which
none
are
worthy
nor
meet
to
be
elected
and
enrolled
for
priuate
soldiors
.
First
therfore
I
would
concerning
the
same
,
that
the
choice
and
election
should
be
such
,
as
euery
souldior
that
should
be
chosen
should
bee
a
man
well
formed
and
dispost
of
body
and
mind
,
and
therfore
meet
and
fit
either
by
former
exercise
from
his
youth
;
or
at
least
by
aptnesse
of
mind
and
force
,
to
learne
the
vse
of
such
weapons
as
he
should
be
chosen
and
inrolled
vnto
:
as
for
example
:
I
would
have
no
man
chosen
to
be
an
Archer
that
had
not
so
practised
the
vse
of
his
bow
from
his
youth
,
that
he
should
bee
able
to
shoot
strong
,
or
at
the
least
of
a
conuenient
strength
and
long
arrowes
,
and
therewithall
vsed
by
continuall
exercise
to
draw
his
arrow
with
three
fingers
,
and
not
with
two
(
according
to
the
new
fashion
)
to
the
head
:
of
which
shooters
with
two
fingers
,
I
would
haue
none
to
be
alowed
for
archers
,
And
now
to
the
third
sufficiencie
of
such
as
are
to
be
elected
,
chosen
&
inrolled
,
Now
the
election
and
inrollment
of
the
archers
,
as
also
of
all
the
rest
of
the
soldiors
of
other
weapons
being
taken
with
such
regard
and
respect
as
aforsaid
;
I
would
then
haue
them
to
be
armed
verie
fitly
and
conueniently
according
to
euerie
different
sorte
of
weapon
:
And
because
that
no
man
can
be
conueniently
and
fitly
armed
,
vnlesse
he
be
first
fitly
apparelled
for
his
armor
,
and
also
for
the
vse
of
his
weapon
,
Then
concerning
the
form
and
fashion
of
their
doublets
,
I
would
that
they
should
be
of
a
conuenient
heigth
in
the
Collers
,
aswell
to
defend
their
necks
from
cold
in
winter
,
as
from
heate
in
Summer
.
Then
▪
I
woulde
that
they
should
be
narrow
in
the
shoulders
,
&
so
smal
in
the
sleeues
,
and
with
so
little
bumbast
,
that
the
vambrases
of
armed
men
might
easilie
close
togither
;
and
that
archers
vsing
no
vambrases
but
certen
stripes
of
serecloth
or
maile
within
their
sleeues
to
defend
the
cut
of
a
sworde
,
might
through
the
smalnesse
of
their
sleeues
easilie
draw
and
shoot
,
without
the
string
hitting
vpon
any
part
of
the
sleeue
,
but
onelie
vpon
their
bracers
.
Then
I
would
that
their
doublets
should
be
made
easie
and
wide
vpon
the
stomacks
and
breastes
,
that
the
souldiors
being
not
pent
by
the
straightnesse
of
their
doublets
vpon
their
breastes
,
might
the
easlier
fetch
their
breath
either
in
fighting
,
or
in
any
hastie
march
:
and
therewithall
,
that
their
doublets
be
cutte
flat
vpon
the
bellie
,
and
wasted
of
like
length
to
the
Cuirasses
of
their
armors
,
to
the
intent
that
armed
mens
armors
might
sit
the
more
iust
and
flat
to
their
bodies
:
But
because
the
collars
of
armors
doo
beare
the
chiefe
waight
of
all
the
rest
of
the
armour
,
I
would
wish
that
the
souldiors
armed
men
horsmen
,
or
footmen
,
should
either
haue
vnder
Collars
of
Fustian
conuenientlie
bombasted
to
defende
the
heueth
and
poise
of
their
armours
from
the
paining
,
or
hurting
of
their
shoulders
and
necks
;
or
else
that
their
doublets
should
be
verie
well
bombasted
in
all
that
part
vnder
their
Collars
both
before
and
behind
according
to
the
depth
of
the
same
,
which
will
bee
a
great
ease
to
all
armed
men
horsmen
or
footmen
,
for
their
often
and
long
continuing
armed
.
Also
I
would
that
no
armed
men
should
weare
any
cut
doublets
,
as
well
in
respect
that
the
wearing
of
armour
doth
quicklie
fret
them
out
,
and
also
by
reason
that
the
corners
and
edges
of
the
lammes
and
iointes
of
the
armours
doo
take
such
holde
vppon
such
cuttes
,
as
they
doo
hinder
the
quicke
and
sudden
arming
of
men
;
as
also
that
they
are
of
more
impediment
to
harquebuziers
,
mosquetiers
,
and
archers
,
for
diuers
respects
to
all
skilfull
soldiors
wel
knowne
,
then
doublets
vncut
are
.
Then
I
would
wishe
that
there
should
bee
regard
had
to
their
hosen
,
that
they
might
bee
easie
for
them
to
march
and
fight
in
;
which
the
new
fashion
straight
hosen
are
not
:
and
therefore
I
would
that
they
should
rather
weare
Greygescoes
too
vnder
the
knee
,
that
shoulde
bee
large
,
wide
,
and
easie
,
lined
with
a
Cotton
lining
without
any
bombast
;
and
next
to
the
thigh
with
a
strong
Canuas
lining
or
false
sloppe
,
wherevnto
the
nether
stockinges
should
be
set
and
sowed
,
and
gartered
vnder
the
knee
,
then
either
these
new
fashioned
little
round
hose
,
or
newe
fashion'd
bombasted
Greygescoes
that
are
very
straight
to
the
thighs
and
vpper
parts
;
which
in
summer
besides
the
vneasinesse
of
them
,
doo
with
so
much
bombast
keep
armed
men
exceeding
hot
,
whereas
the
other
beeing
large
and
wide
as
aforesaid
,
something
after
the
fashion
that
the
Spanish
souldiors
doo
vse
,
are
a
great
deale
more
easie
,
and
chieflie
for
all
sorts
of
footmen
.
Now
as
for
their
armors
I
would
wish
,
that
archers
should
either
weare
Ilet
holed
doublets
,
that
wil
resist
the
thrust
of
a
sword
,
or
dagger
,
and
couered
with
some
trim
and
gallant
kinde
of
coloured
cloth
to
the
liking
of
the
Captains
,
with
their
sleeues
striped
within
,
with
certen
narrow
stripes
of
serecloth
or
maile
,
to
resist
the
cut
of
a
sword
,
or
else
Iackes
of
maile
quilted
vpon
fustian
to
resist
a
blow
or
a
thrust
,
of
a
conuenient
length
,
and
the
skirts
not
too
long
,
in
respect
of
the
lightnes
&
easines
of
them
:
with
their
doublet
sleeues
as
aforesaid
;
and
for
the
defence
of
their
heads
,
because
these
steele
.
Cappes
commonly
vsed
,
are
of
verie
small
comlines
for
soldiors
,
and
most
of
them
too
shallow
,
and
therefore
of
small
defence
,
I
would
wish
some
new
and
gallant
fashion
morrions
verie
light
and
easie
to
be
made
for
archers
to
weare
without
any
couering
vpon
them
,
but
that
they
should
be
milde
or
burnished
white
;
which
besides
their
greater
defence
,
being
well
and
aptly
made
;
would
with
their
brightnesse
greatly
bewtifie
the
archers
that
do
weare
them
.
And
as
for
the
archers
bowes
,
I
would
that
they
should
not
be
short
after
the
new
vse
which
causeth
them
often
to
breake
,
but
that
they
should
be
long
and
well
backt
and
nockt
,
according
to
the
auncient
vse
;
and
their
strings
whipt
with
fine
thred
,
or
silke
;
and
that
they
should
head
and
make
their
first
sheafes
of
arrowes
,
according
to
the
length
that
they
do
commonly
vse
to
drawe
.
The
blades
of
their
swordes
I
would
haue
to
be
verie
good
,
and
of
the
length
of
a
yard
and
not
aboue
;
with
their
hilts
only
made
with
.
2.
portes
,
a
greater
and
a
smaller
on
the
out
side
of
the
hiltes
,
after
the
fashion
of
the
Italian
and
Spanishe
arming
swordes
;
and
those
swordes
I
would
haue
them
to
weare
with
strong
girdles
of
leather
,
their
hangers
of
such
conuenient
length
,
and
so
well
formed
as
their
swordes
might
hang
vpon
the
vpper
parts
of
their
thighes
;
not
only
readie
and
verie
easie
to
be
drawen
;
but
also
by
their
well
hanging
of
them
straight
forward
and
backward
,
(
I
meane
not
athwarte
their
bommes
,
as
drommers
,
to
giue
place
&
roume
to
their
drommes
do
vse
;
nor
yet
so
farre
forward
as
they
may
lie
athwarte
their
Codpeeces
,
as
great
boies
do
vse
at
their
first
wearing
of
swordes
when
they
come
new
from
schoole
)
that
the
said
soldiors
swords
vpon
their
hastie
march
,
or
any
other
occasion
by
their
straight
and
well
standing
of
them
,
should
hang
firme
without
dauncing
,
or
bobbing
forward
and
backward
,
as
swords
vnsoldiorly
worne
,
do
commonly
vse
.
The
blades
of
their
daggers
also
,
I
would
wish
them
to
be
not
aboue
10
inches
long
,
and
that
the
hilts
of
the
same
should
be
only
made
of
one
single
and
short
crosse
without
any
portes
,
or
hilts
at
all
,
and
not
with
great
hilts
after
the
fencers
or
alehouse
fashion
;
and
that
they
should
weare
their
daggers
not
vpon
their
girdles
at
their
backs
,
but
hanging
downe
vpon
their
right
thighes
before
them
,
after
the
old
English
fashion
;
and
because
that
their
daggers
should
stand
the
more
firme
and
steadie
without
bobbing
or
dauncing
vp
and
downe
vpon
the
hastie
march
of
the
soldiors
;
I
would
that
they
should
weare
them
in
leathers
,
after
the
fashion
that
I
sawe
some
of
the
soldiors
of
Sir
Iohn
Peters
band
deuise
and
vse
,
at
such
time
as
I
mustered
his
band
neare
vnto
Brentwood
the
yeare
1588.
Which
leathers
being
of
the
length
of
7.
inches
,
and
3.
inches
broad
beneath
,
but
aboue
not
so
broad
,
and
haue
in
the
vpper
parts
two
cuts
straight
downeward
,
for
the
waste
of
the
girdle
to
goe
through
,
and
in
the
lower
end
,
two
cuts
straight
athwart
,
for
the
dagger
sheath
to
be
thrust
through
and
downe
euen
to
the
verie
locket
;
&
then
the
locket
of
the
dagger
being
fastned
a
little
aboue
,
to
two
holes
through
the
leather
right
against
the
same
with
a
string
or
a
lace
;
such
daggers
so
worne
,
doo
stand
wonderfull
firme
,
and
verie
readie
for
souldiors
,
archers
,
or
armed
men
to
draw
,
and
with
thrustes
to
vse
the
pointes
of
them
.
The
archers
also
I
would
haue
them
to
vse
shooting
gloues
with
the
inner
partes
of
the
fingers
of
Bucks
leather
,
and
in
no
wise
any
leathers
called
finger
stalles
after
the
new
fashion
.
Al
their
bracers
also
I
would
haue
after
the
old
fashion
of
our
English
archers
to
many
well
known
,
and
not
according
to
the
new
deuises
.
And
thus
farre
concerning
the
election
,
apparelling
,
arming
,
and
weaponing
of
archers
.
And
now
to
the
election
,
apparelling
,
arming
and
weaponing
of
harquebuziers
.
Harquebuziers
I
would
wish
them
to
be
elected
and
chosen
of
the
yoongest
sort
of
men
,
Their
apparell
I
would
haue
to
be
dublets
of
fustian
without
any
cuttes
,
and
Greigescoes
all
of
the
like
sort
and
fashion
,
as
I
haue
before
particulerlie
set
downe
concerning
archers
;
and
that
they
should
haue
euerie
one
of
them
a
saltenberg
,
commonly
called
a
Mandilion
of
very
good
broad
cloath
that
will
not
shrinke
,
to
encouer
and
keepe
drie
their
flasks
and
touchboxes
and
the
pans
and
touch-holes
of
their
harquebuzes
in
the
time
of
wet
&
moist
weather
;
and
the
same
handsomely
made
to
their
bodies
,
and
of
such
Colours
as
euerie
one
of
their
Captaines
should
make
choice
of
.
And
therewithal
that
euerie
one
of
them
should
haue
an
vpright
or
sharpe
morrion
fast
tied
with
a
red
skarfe
vnder
their
Chins
after
the
spanish
fashion
,
all
white
and
grauen
,
or
at
least
,
white
vngrauen
,
and
in
no
wise
any
black
mortions
;
because
that
the
white
doth
beutefie
the
soldiors
more
,
and
is
of
greater
terror
in
the
eie
and
sight
of
the
Enemie
.
The
Cannons
of
their
harquebuzes
I
would
haue
them
to
be
all
of
the
length
of
a
yard
and
not
any
longer
nor
shorter
all
ranforced
backward
,
and
conuenientlie
thinne
forward
;
and
that
the
sights
of
their
harquebuzes
should
be
all
open
sights
;
I
meane
without
any
pipes
or
couers
vpon
them
,
because
they
might
the
more
readilie
take
their
sightes
either
from
point
at
blanke
if
time
will
serue
,
or
else
from
the
endes
of
their
peeces
.
I
would
also
that
all
those
sights
as
also
the
pins
of
their
peeces
should
be
very
euen
and
straight
set
and
filed
to
a
iust
and
conuenient
height
;
and
their
peeces
chosen
without
any
cracks
or
flawes
within
,
verie
well
boared
and
drawbored
,
and
therewithal
their
vices
at
the
hinder
ends
of
their
peeces
of
such
conuenient
length
,
&
so
well
made
and
filed
,
that
their
harquebuzes
should
not
recoile
:
besides
all
which
I
would
that
all
their
bullettes
should
be
of
one
Caliuer
and
heigth
,
and
that
of
a
meane
size
for
diuers
causes
,
&
reasons
that
I
haue
before
in
mine
instructions
alledged
.
All
the
stocks
of
their
harquebuzes
I
would
haue
them
to
be
crooked
(
as
we
call
them
)
and
of
good
forme
,
and
not
straight
stocks
,
because
that
being
crooked
and
compassed
stocks
they
doo
more
readily
counterpoise
the
fore
end
of
their
peeces
,
and
more
readilie
fall
into
leuell
when
they
are
in
skirmish
,
and
haue
no
leisure
to
take
any
sight
from
point
at
blanke
,
but
from
the
fore
ends
of
their
peeces
,
then
straight
stockes
doe
:
Besides
that
considering
the
lightnesse
of
their
peeces
they
may
aswell
and
as
readilie
without
rests
at
any
time
take
their
sights
from
point
at
blanke
with
crooked
stockes
of
good
forme
as
if
they
were
straight
.
The
Cockes
,
or
serpentines
I
would
haue
to
be
of
conuenient
compasse
and
able
to
receiue
any
conuenient
match
,
and
that
the
feathers
and
springs
that
doo
belong
vnto
them
should
be
of
so
hard
and
good
temper
,
that
they
shoulde
cause
the
●ockes
or
serpentines
to
fall
and
rise
so
strong
and
quicke
,
as
by
their
strong
falling
with
the
matches
into
the
pannes
,
they
may
make
the
fire
to
sparcle
,
thereby
in
an
instant
to
make
the
powder
to
take
fire
.
Then
I
would
that
euery
harquebuzier
should
haue
a
good
and
a
faire
flaske
and
touchbox
,
with
strings
to
them
of
conuenient
length
,
and
that
they
should
bee
taught
by
their
Corporalles
very
souldiorlie
to
weare
them
,
and
to
keep
their
powder
in
their
flaskes
and
touchboxes
very
drie
.
And
I
would
that
the
pipes
or
mouths
of
their
flaskes
should
be
a
iust
charge
for
their
harquebuzes
according
to
the
vse
of
the
Spaniardes
and
Wallouns
,
and
that
the
feathers
and
springs
that
doo
make
the
plate
or
couer
of
the
lower
part
of
the
mouthes
of
their
flaskes
to
open
and
couer
againe
,
should
be
of
so
good
temper
as
they
might
open
and
couer
quicke
and
close
,
that
the
souldiors
thereby
might
bee
assured
not
to
ouercharge
their
peeces
to
their
daunger
.
Then
I
would
that
euerie
harquebuzier
should
haue
in
a
little
purse
,
or
in
a
little
bagge
in
his
pocket
,
a
little
steele
with
a
flint
,
and
a
little
peece
of
a
certen
kind
of
tinder
like
a
spunge
,
such
as
the
harquebuziers
Spaniards
doo
vse
,
to
strike
fire
to
light
their
matches
,
with
scourers
,
skrues
,
prining
irons
,
and
mouldes
,
and
all
other
things
requisite
for
the
well
charging
and
keeping
of
their
harquebuzes
clean
and
neat
.
Swordes
also
the
blads
of
the
length
of
a
yard
,
with
hiltes
of
the
fashion
before
mentioned
,
with
strong
leather
girdles
,
able
to
beare
their
swordes
,
flaskes
,
and
touchboxes
,
I
would
wish
euerie
harquebuzier
to
haue
;
&
that
they
should
weare
their
swordes
of
such
conuenient
heigth
,
as
I
haue
before
declared
,
that
archers
and
armed
men
ought
to
doo
.
But
as
for
daggers
,
I
would
wish
no
harquebuzier
to
weare
any
,
because
they
haue
so
seldome
occasion
to
vse
them
:
and
therefore
doo
rather
increase
heueth
and
burthen
then
serue
for
any
other
purpose
;
the
experience
whereof
hath
taught
the
harquebuziers
of
all
Nations
to
weare
no
daggers
;
Besides
all
which
,
I
would
haue
the
harquebuziers
to
be
taught
,
as
also
the
mosquetiers
,
to
know
the
differences
of
powder
and
of
match
,
that
they
may
bee
the
better
able
to
know
what
charges
they
shall
giue
to
their
peeces
,
according
to
the
goodnesse
or
badnesse
of
the
powder
,
and
therewithall
alwaies
in
skirmish
or
otherwise
to
charge
their
peeces
with
some
softe
paper
,
or
something
else
betwixt
their
powder
and
their
bullets
,
and
after
their
bullets
to
restraine
the
same
:
and
to
haue
their
flaskes
full
of
good
and
drie
powder
well
corned
;
and
their
touchboxes
full
of
fine
and
drie
touchpowder
,
with
al
other
thinges
requisit
to
the
well
vsing
of
their
peeces
,
and
thus
farre
concerning
harquebuziers
.
Mosquetiers
I
would
wish
to
be
elected
of
such
men
as
are
of
good
force
&
strength
of
bodie
,
But
all
the
mosquets
I
would
haue
them
to
bee
with
straight
stocks
because
that
considering
their
rests
with
the
great
heueth
of
their
peeces
they
may
the
better
sett
the
straight
stocks
to
their
shoulders
and
take
their
sights
more
readily
&
certainly
from
point
at
blank
,
then
if
their
stocks
were
crooked
.
Their
iron
forkes
,
or
rests
I
would
haue
them
to
be
well
and
euen
formed
,
that
when
the
staues
are
fixed
in
the
ground
,
their
mosquets
might
ly
iust
and
euen
in
their
rests
,
which
they
cannot
do
if
they
be
made
higher
on
the
one
side
then
of
the
other
,
as
many
are
.
The
staues
of
their
rests
,
I
would
wishe
to
be
of
iust
and
conuenient
length
and
strength
with
piques
of
a
good
length
that
they
may
enter
a
good
waie
in
and
stand
the
more
firme
in
the
ground
.
Their
flaskes
,
touchboxes
,
and
stringes
I
would
haue
to
be
of
as
great
perfection
as
the
flaske
and
touchboxes
of
the
harquebuziers
before
mentioned
.
And
I
would
wish
that
they
should
charge
their
mosquets
with
powder
out
of
the
pipes
or
charges
of
the
flaskes
as
the
harquebuziers
aforsaid
,
and
not
out
of
charges
that
hang
vpon
band
rolles
as
many
doo
vse
:
Because
that
oftetimes
the
couers
of
such
charges
doo
flie
off
,
and
shed
the
powder
,
in
such
sort
as
the
mosquetiers
if
they
be
not
olde
souldiors
or
wel
practised
,
doo
sometimes
thinke
that
they
charge
their
peeces
out
of
such
bandrol
charges
,
when
the
powder
was
spilt
before
,
so
as
sometimes
they
put
in
their
bullets
into
their
peeces
without
any
powder
.
And
I
would
that
euerie
societie
or
fellowship
of
10.
mosquetiers
should
haue
one
great
mould
to
cast
2.
sortes
of
bullets
,
the
one
full
bullets
,
and
the
other
2.
or
3.
bores
smaller
to
charge
vpon
some
occasion
with
the
more
celeritie
.
Also
that
the
same
mould
should
bee
so
long
and
bigge
,
as
it
should
be
able
to
cast
at
one
time
8.
haileshot
of
warre
besides
the
bullettes
,
which
haileshot
of
Warre
should
be
of
the
heigth
and
Caliuer
of
small
pistoll
bullets
.
And
this
great
moulde
with
a
melting
pan
and
lead
,
and
all
other
thinges
belonging
to
the
same
,
should
be
for
the
common
vse
of
the
whole
societie
of
10.
mosquetiers
:
as
the
like
pan
and
mould
and
other
thinges
which
I
for
breuities
sake
did
omit
should
be
for
the
common
vse
of
euerie
societie
of
10.
harquebuziers
.
And
yet
it
doth
behooue
the
societies
aswell
of
mosquetiers
as
of
harquebuziers
to
haue
some
priuate
mouldes
for
bullets
,
besides
their
common
and
publike
mould
.
And
thus
far
concerning
mosquetiers
.
And
now
to
armed
men
piquers
.
The
arming
doublets
and
greygesc●es
for
armed
men
piquers
,
Also
I
would
haue
them
to
haue
pouldrons
of
a
good
compasse
and
size
,
and
vambraces
both
ioined
together
,
and
not
asunder
,
because
that
the
poise
of
the
pouldrons
and
vambraces
,
hanging
vpon
the
pinnes
and
springes
of
their
collars
,
they
doo
not
weigh
so
much
,
nor
are
not
so
wearisom
as
when
they
are
separated
;
and
that
they
weare
their
vambrases
tied
with
pointes
to
their
doublets
vnder
their
pouldrons
;
Also
I
would
that
al
armed
men
should
weare
gauntlets
,
as
the
armed
men
piquers
Italians
,
and
Spaniards
doo
,
and
not
to
be
bare
and
disarmed
handed
as
our
English
and
some
other
Nations
of
late
years
haue
vsed
,
because
that
any
smal
wound
receiued
vpon
the
hands
doth
presently
make
such
souldiors
impotent
,
and
vnable
to
vse
their
weapons
that
haue
receiued
such
woundes
although
they
be
but
small
.
Their
swords
,
their
daggers
,
and
their
girdles
I
haue
before
particularlie
set
down
,
how
and
in
what
sort
I
would
haue
them
to
weare
them
.
Their
piques
also
I
would
wish
them
all
to
bee
of
the
length
of
18.
foote
,
and
neither
longer
nor
shorter
for
the
causes
in
my
former
instructions
and
discourses
mentioned
,
as
also
conteined
in
my
Booke
of
certen
Discourses
printed
1590.
and
that
they
shoulde
haue
verie
good
and
foure
square
heads
of
good
temper
,
and
lowe
armed
with
long
cheeks
,
and
in
the
midst
couered
or
armed
with
black
lether
or
black
vellure
,
or
with
some
other
such
thing
,
and
the
they
should
not
be
too
great
nor
heauie
in
wood
,
that
thereby
the
souldiors
may
carrie
them
and
mannage
them
with
ease
.
Also
I
would
that
the
staues
of
the
piques
should
bee
of
a
tite
and
stiffe
ashe
,
and
not
of
ashe
that
dooth
sagge
,
and
bend
when
the
piquers
doo
carrie
their
piques
breast
high
before
hand
couched
,
because
that
such
sagging
and
bending
ashe
,
although
it
be
verie
tough
yet
it
is
more
heauie
then
the
other
ashe
:
besides
that
the
piquers
cannot
carry
the
〈◊〉
of
such
sagging
,
and
bending
piques
so
euen
and
straight
in
their
Enemies
faces
,
as
they
may
carrie
the
other
piques
that
doo
not
bend
nor
sagge
,
but
are
tite
and
straight
.
And
thus
farre
concerning
armed
men
piquers
,
And
now
to
bat●leaxes
or
halbarders
.
The
election
,
choice
and
inrolment
,
of
souldiors
with
battleaxes
or
halbarders
,
Also
I
would
haue
certen
other
halbardes
that
should
be
incorporated
in
euerie
band
of
archers
and
likewise
of
harquebuziers
,
who
should
ser●e
vpon
diuers
occasions
,
to
doo
execution
vpon
the
enemie
:
And
those
Halbarders
I
would
haue
them
called
extraordinarie
because
they
are
not
for
the
squadron
;
And
those
I
would
haue
to
be
armed
only
with
burgonets
with
collers
,
verie
light
Cuirasses
and
backes
,
and
without
any
tasses
,
and
in
stead
of
pouldrons
;
vambrases
,
and
gauntlets
,
the
sleeues
of
their
doublets
I
meane
within
the
fustian
striped
with
certen
narrow
stripes
of
serecloth
,
or
of
maile
,
to
defend
the
Cutt
of
a
sword
,
and
if
that
some
of
those
extraordinarie
battleaxes
,
or
halbarders
,
were
armed
but
only
with
burgonets
and
with
short
skirted
Ierkins
of
buffe
,
with
a
double
buffe
vpon
their
brests
,
and
the
sleeues
of
their
dou
blets
with
stripes
of
maile
or
serecloth
as
aforesaid
,
and
their
swordes
and
daggers
worne
after
th●same
sort
,
as
the
piquers
before
mentioned
,
I
thinke
it
allowable
:
But
the
staues
of
the
halbards
of
such
halbarders
extraordinarie
,
I
would
wish
to
be
longer
by
a
foote
,
or
a
foote
and
a
halfe
or
more
,
then
the
armed
and
ordinarie
halbardes
that
are
to
enter
into
squadron
,
that
is
of
7.
foote
and
a
halfe
long
,
or
more
,
because
that
they
being
to
succor
troupes
and
societies
of
loose
shot
,
or
to
do
execution
vppon
diuers
accidents
as
aforesaid
,
and
often
times
to
fight
with
the
enemy
hand
to
hand
,
and
sometimes
to
encounter
with
two
,
or
three
against
one
,
it
is
requisite
that
their
halbards
for
their
aduauntage
in
fig●t
should
be
longer
then
the
ordinarie
halbardes
that
are
to
enter
into
squadron
;
And
incase
that
those
halbards
were
lighter
also
than
the
others
that
are
for
the
squadron
,
being
of
good
strength
,
it
weare
not
amisse
.
But
whereas
I
haue
before
armed
all
the
piquers
,
and
battleaxes
ordinarie
,
I
meane
,
that
are
to
enter
into
squadron
in
Corslets
complete
,
and
that
contrariwise
I
do
vnderstand
that
diuers
of
our
Captaines
of
this
time
when
they
receaue
any
English
bandes
readie
armed
and
furnished
to
serue
withall
either
in
Fraunce
,
Gothes
,
Vandals
,
Hunnes
,
&
other
septrional
Nations
,
as
also
of
later
years
the
Arabians
,
and
the
Sarasins
did
chieflie
with
weapons
of
volee
,
ouerthrow
them
in
many
,
and
manie
battles
,
wherof
and
of
the
contempt
of
their
archery
insued
the
losse
of
a
great
part
of
the
Romain
Empire
,
and
finallie
vpon
the
neglecting
&
forgetting
of
the
like
discipline
did
likwise
ensue
the
vtter
ruine
of
the
two
notable
christian
Empires
of
Constantinople
&
Trepisonda
with
diuers
other
christian
Kingdoms
.
And
thus
far
concerning
the
apparelling
,
arming
&
weaponing
of
halbarders
,
or
battleaxes
:
So
as
I
haue
now
finished
the
apparelling
arming
,
and
weaponing
of
all
sortes
of
footemen
by
our
Nation
in
these
daies
vsed
,
and
therfore
I
will
God
willing
proceed
to
the
apparelling
,
arming
,
weaponing
,
and
horsing
of
all
such
different
sorts
of
horsmen
,
as
we
now
a
daies
doo
vse
,
with
some
other
such
sortes
of
horsemen
also
,
as
I
would
wish
should
be
in
vse
and
exercise
for
the
defence
of
the
Crowne
and
Realme
,
as
also
for
any
forren
inuasion
.
And
therfore
to
begin
with
light
horsmen
,
such
as
in
diuers
shires
of
england
we
doo
now
vse
,
Stradiots
are
a
kind
of
light
horsmen
that
haue
been
vsed
by
manie
Nations
,
But
because
their
so
many
weapons
,
as
are
before
mentioned
for
one
horseman
to
vse
may
seeme
strange
to
such
of
this
time
as
do
not
loue
to
trouble
themselues
but
with
very
few
weapons
,
I
say
it
is
no
strange
matter
,
considering
that
such
as
doo
meane
to
fight
wel
,
do
like
to
haue
store
of
weapons
,
that
incase
one
or
two
should
faile
,
they
may
presentlie
betake
themselues
to
the
choise
and
vse
of
others
,
according
to
the
time
and
occasion
:
But
such
as
would
thinke
those
weapons
by
me
before
mentioned
to
be
too
many
for
one
man
to
vse
,
woulde
thinke
it
a
great
deale
more
strange
,
to
see
a
Turky
horsman
that
trauelling
by
the
way
doth
besides
his
Cemeterie
,
and
his
crooked
dagger
,
voluntarily
carrie
his
Launce
,
his
harquebuze
,
and
his
Turkie
bowe
,
with
his
sheafe
of
arrowes
,
with
another
weapon
which
now
I
haue
forgot
,
and
all
those
weapons
they
doo
weare
and
carie
so
conuenientlie
,
and
aptlie
,
as
they
may
vse
euery
one
of
them
in
his
most
conuenient
time
and
place
.
And
thus
far
concerning
Stradiots
.
And
now
concerning
dimilaunces
.
Dimilaunces
are
horsemen
next
in
degree
and
account
vnto
men
at
armes
,
as
well
in
greatnesse
,
Now
as
for
men
at
Armes
because
all
men
that
are
of
any
experience
and
vnderstanding
in
matters
militarie
,
cap a pie
,
and
their
horses
verie
puissant
,
and
all
barbed
aswell
behind
as
before
,
with
the
number
of
weapons
that
they
ought
of
ordinary
to
weare
and
vse
:
And
because
that
in
these
daies
partlie
in
respect
of
their
great
pay
;
but
chiefly
because
the
art
and
science
militarie
hath
beene
of
late
years
,
and
presentl●e
is
in
great
declination
and
decaie
,
they
are
not
in
vse
in
England
,
nor
in
any
part
of
Christendome
as
they
haue
beene
,
I
ouerpasse
them
.
But
now
it
is
likely
enough
that
some
Gentlemen
that
haue
beene
trained
vp
in
these
late
Ciuill
wars
of
the
Low
Countries
or
France
may
thinke
that
I
haue
forgotten
my selfe
in
not
making
mention
in
these
aforesaid
musters
,
of
Carabins
or
Argolettiers
;
vnto
which
kinde
of
horsemen
they
are
greatly
affected
:
Whereunto
I
say
that
for
the
smalle
effect
that
by
experience
I
haue
seene
those
Carabins
in
seruices
worke
,
All
the
Crosbowers
on
horsbacke
vnder
sufficient
Conductors
well
skilled
in
the
weapon
,
Germanie
,
that
they
might
on
horsebacke
bend
their
Crosbowes
the
more
easelie
and
readilie
with
24.
quarrels
in
a
case
,
well
,
fitlie
,
and
firmelie
sette
at
their
saddle
pommels
,
and
mounted
vpon
good
colde
geldings
,
of
meane
size
,
the●selues
armed
with
good
morrions
of
the
spanish
fashion
vpon
their
heads
,
Collers
,
light
,
and
short
wasted
Cuirasses
,
and
backes
,
with
sleeues
of
maile
,
or
their
doublet
sleeues
chained
with
ma●le
,
betwixt
the
lining
and
outside
of
their
said
sleeues
;
or
with
certen
narrow
stripes
of
serecloth
within
their
sleeues
,
as
aforesaid
;
or
else
chat
they
should
be
armed
with
morrions
,
light
and
easie
brigandines
,
and
sleeues
chained
with
maile
,
with
broade
short
swordes
by
their
sides
of
not
aboue
a
yard
in
length
,
and
short
daggers
.
The
archers
on
h●rsebacke
vnder
their
Captaines
or
conductors
skilfull
in
archerie
,
I
would
likewise
haue
mounted
vpon
good
quiet
geldings
of
mean
size
with
deepe
steele
sculles
in
very
narrow
brimd
hattes
,
well
stuffed
for
the
easines
of
their
heades
:
or
rather
with
certen
light
morrions
of
some
gallant
fashion
inuented
and
deuised
for
them
;
and
either
Iacks
of
maile
according
to
the
auncient
manner
when
they
were
called
Loricati
Sagittar●
,
or
else
light
and
easie
brigandines
,
or
at
least
Ilet
holed
doublets
,
verie
easie
and
well
fitted
to
their
bodies
;
their
sleeues
chained
within
with
maile
,
or
else
with
certen
narrow
stripes
of
serecloth
betwixt
the
lining
and
outside
of
their
sleeues
for
the
easines
of
their
armes
;
with
broade
short
swordes
and
short
daggers
,
their
bowes
of
good
yewgh
,
long
,
and
well
nocked
and
backed
,
and
all
their
stringes
well
whipt
,
with
sheafes
of
.24
.
arrowes
●
peece
in
cases
,
with
shooting
gloues
and
bracers
after
the
manner
of
our
archers
in
times
past
.
And
all
these
both
archers
&
crosbowers
I
would
haue
them
to
be
well
practised
,
that
they
might
know
how
to
discharge
their
arrowes
and
quarrells
galloping
vpon
the
hand
and
in
al
other
motions
of
their
horses
,
and
the
Crosbowers
to
bend
againe
with
great
readines
;
and
diuers
bands
being
thus
horsed
,
armed
,
But
now
because
I
haue
diuers
times
seene
new
bandes
of
diuers
sortes
of
horsmen
verie
sleightlie
mustered
,
And
because
al
the
bands
of
horsmen
of
euerie
shire
are
composed
of
knights
,
of
gentlemens
,
&
of
yeomens
seruants
and
that
betwixt
musters
and
musters
they
doo
somtimes
change
by
putting
out
of
their
seruice
,
or
otherwise
,
their
men
that
are
inrolled
into
the
bands
of
horsemen
,
wherof
it
commeth
to
passe
that
sometimes
a
meane
man
of
stature
,
putteth
on
a
tall
mans
armor
,
and
sometimes
a
taller
man
putteth
on
the
armour
of
a
man
of
smaller
stature
,
in
such
sort
as
many
of
them
are
very
vnfitlie
and
vneasily
armed
,
and
as
vnskilfull
in
souldiorlie
wearing
,
and
vsing
of
their
weapons
,
and
altogither
ignorant
to
ride
,
handle
,
&
vse
their
horses
:
and
that
armed
men
being
on
horseback
may
seeme
to
bee
conuenientlie
apparelled
and
armed
,
when
if
they
were
a
foot
they
would
shew
to
be
far
otherwise
;
Then
he
is
to
peruse
whether
he
haue
all
the
weapons
belonging
to
horsemen
of
his
sort
,
as
if
he
be
a
dimilaunce
with
such
weapons
as
I
haue
before
particulerlie
named
that
do
belong
to
a
dimilaunce
;
and
if
he
be
a
stradiot
,
then
the
Mustermaister
is
to
view
him
a
foote
as
aforesaid
,
to
see
whether
his
apparell
and
armor
be
fitte
for
his
person
,
and
therewithall
aptly
and
soldiorlie
worne
,
as
also
whether
he
haue
all
his
weapons
belonging
vnto
horsemen
of
his
sorte
,
and
whether
they
bee
good
,
and
that
he
doth
weare
them
aptly
and
soldiorly
,
yea
he
ought
to
view
how
he
doth
weare
his
hosen
and
Greigescoes
,
bootehosen
,
bootes
and
spurres
,
and
whether
he
doth
weare
them
aptly
and
fitly
like
a
horseman
or
like
a
Clowne
:
And
incase
there
be
any
imperfections
or
imperfection
in
any
of
those
particularities
,
he
is
presentlie
to
giue
order
vpon
some
conuenient
penaltie
according
to
the
desault
or
imperfection
to
be
imposed
vpon
the
partie
that
doth
set
forth
the
horse
and
horseman
,
that
the
same
with
al
speede
by
a
certen
prefixed
day
be
supplied
or
amended
;
Then
he
is
to
view
his
horse
,
and
euerie
part
of
the
furniture
of
his
horse
to
see
whether
there
be
any
lacke
,
vnfitnesse
,
or
imperfection
in
any
part
of
the
same
,
or
whether
his
horse
since
the
last
muster
hath
bene
chaunged
,
or
whether
since
that
time
he
hath
by
misusage
bene
broken
winded
or
made
lame
;
and
therefore
it
behoueth
the
Mustermaister
to
haue
a
skilfull
Ferrar
with
him
at
his
taking
of
Musters
,
that
can
with
skill
Iudge
of
their
lamenesse
or
soundnesse
.
All
which
performed
,
then
the
Mustermaister
must
command
the
horsman
to
mount
on
horseback
,
All
which
beeing
by
the
mustermaister
throughoutlie
viewed
and
found
in
order
and
perfection
,
then
hee
is
to
command
the
archer
to
mount
on
horsebacke
,
and
to
galloppe
vppon
the
hand
,
and
passing
by
some
marke
set
vp
in
the
fielde
,
to
drawe
2.
or
3.
arrowes
out
of
his
sheafe
one
after
another
,
and
drawing
euery
one
of
them
to
the
head
,
to
discharge
them
at
the
same
marke
,
some
3.
or
4.
scores
off
;
which
being
by
him
souldiorlike
performed
,
he
is
to
allow
him
for
a
sufficient
soldior
and
archer
on
horsback
;
&
so
al
other
archers
that
he
shall
muster
&
find
to
be
armed
,
horsed
,
weaponed
and
furnished
,
and
of
sufficiencie
as
aforesaid
.
And
so
likewise
,
hauing
viewed
,
and
perused
euerie
Crosbower
on
horseback
,
with
all
their
armor
,
Weapons
and
furniture
,
as
also
their
horses
with
all
other
furniture
belonging
to
them
,
and
finding
them
all
in
perfection
,
then
hee
is
likewise
to
commaund
the
Crosbower
to
mount
on
horsback
,
and
to
gallop
vpon
the
hande
,
and
in
passing
by
to
discharge
a
quarrell
at
some
mark
set
vp
some
30.
paces
off
,
and
againe
presentlie
with
his
gaffle
to
bend
his
crosbow
and
to
discharge
a
second
quarrell
at
that
or
some
other
marke
;
which
being
by
him
,
and
al
other
crosbowers
orderlie
and
souldiorlike
performed
;
then
he
is
to
allow
them
to
passe
the
muster
as
sufficient
souldiors
,
and
so
likewise
he
ought
to
allowe
the
Archers
beeing
in
such
perfection
as
aforesaid
.
And
in
this
curious
sort
a
Mustermaister
is
to
take
the
view
and
Muster
of
euerie
different
sort
,
and
kinde
of
horsmen
;
For
as
for
reducing
any
number
of
them
into
any
forme
or
formes
with
many
other
particularities
.
●hose
things
doo
apperteine
to
their
Captaines
,
and
higher
and
lower
officers
;
and
so
likewise
the
mustering
of
them
in
such
curious
sort
as
aforsaid
,
doth
appertain
also
vnto
euery
good
and
careful
Captain
,
that
dooth
desire
to
haue
his
band
in
good
order
.
Also
wheras
such
soldiors
either
horsmen
or
footmen
as
are
inrolled
in
such
bands
as
aforesaid
,
Also
incase
that
the
soldior
,
or
soldiors
of
any
band
or
bands
of
horsmen
or
footmen
should
happen
to
die
,
And
whereas
all
the
armors
and
weapons
of
the
souldiors
footmen
are
at
this
time
placed
diuersly
in
al
the
shires
of
England
,
For
as
rebellions
in
diuers
Empires
,
kingdomes
and
Common
wealthes
haue
begun
vppon
the
ambition
or
discontentation
of
some
Noble
man
,
or
Noblemen
for
wronges
and
iniustices
at
their
princes
handes
receiued
,
that
doo
confederate
togither
,
or
otherwise
resolue
to
take
Armes
against
the
Prince
:
Vpon
such
conspiracies
,
or
resolutions
I
say
,
it
is
not
the
placing
of
armor
or
weapons
,
heere
or
there
in
shires
,
that
can
●eepe
the
same
out
of
the
handes
of
them
,
And
incase
that
all
the
armor
and
weapons
not
only
of
a
few
shires
,
but
of
all
the
kingdome
,
were
taken
out
of
all
the
shires
throughout
,
and
were
placed
in
some
place
,
or
places
well
fortified
,
and
vnder
great
garrison
to
be
the
more
safelie
and
surelie
kept
:
I
say
that
the
same
out
of
the
handes
of
the
people
without
other
preuention
,
can
no
waies
hinder
nor
keepe
a
common
people
from
rebellion
that
are
disposed
to
rebell
,
considering
that
according
to
Virgill
.
Furor
arma
ministrat
;
as
it
may
be
apparant
,
by
the
Bellum
seruile
,
And
so
likewise
if
we
list
to
looke
vpon
the
Rebellions
By
all
which
examples
before
rehearsed
with
many
others
,
as
all
men
that
haue
read
and
obserued
many
histories
doo
well
knowe
,
it
is
most
apparant
,
that
it
is
not
the
placing
of
the
armor
and
weapons
,
here
or
there
,
or
the
disarming
of
the
common
people
,
as
the
peasants
in
France
,
and
Hongarie
,
and
the
Moores
in
Spaine
were
disarmed
,
that
can
preuent
Rebellions
that
doo
happen
and
are
begun
vpon
diuers
occasions
,
Venice
,
and
their
dominions
in
the
continent
and
Ilands
that
doo
belong
to
that
seniorie
;
Venice
,
that
euer
they
did
take
armes
or
reuolt
against
their
Duke
,
Senate
,
nor
Nobilitie
:
And
that
in
like
sort
,
al
the
dominions
that
do
belong
vnto
Venice
,
that
are
in
the
continent
of
Italie
and
elsewhere
,
although
all
the
common
people
of
those
dominions
,
bee
armed
and
weaponed
;
yet
through
the
great
care
had
by
the
state
of
Venice
of
their
prosperitie
,
with
equall
&
great
iustice
ministred
euen
to
the
very
least
of
them
;
they
finde
themselues
so
well
contented
to
liue
vnder
the
quiet
and
happie
gouernment
of
the
Venetians
,
that
they
haue
not
in
many
and
many
yeares
,
once
offred
any
kinde
of
reuolt
against
them
;
but
haue
rather
at
such
times
as
some
parts
of
those
dominions
haue
beene
by
force
wonne
and
possessed
,
sometimes
by
the
Imperiall
,
and
somtimes
by
the
French
and
other
Princes
,
at
one
time
or
other
reuolted
from
the
gouernment
of
such
straungers
,
and
returned
againe
to
the
obedience
of
the
Venetians
.
Besides
which
,
it
is
to
be
noted
,
that
the
Cantonnes
and
confederate
people
of
Suitzerland
,
Lupold
,
and
slaughter
of
a
great
part
of
his
Nobilitie
)
redeeme
and
reduce
themselues
into
a
ciuill
and
popular
State
,
haue
neuer
reuolted
;
nor
that
the
people
of
certen
principalities
of
Germanie
through
the
great
iustice
by
their
princes
and
Magistrats
equallie
ministred
,
and
the
well
ordering
&
vsing
of
the
people
,
haue
at
any
time
rebelled
:
I
mean
the
Suissers
against
their
Magistrates
,
nor
those
Almaines
against
their
princes
.
By
which
examples
with
manie
others
,
which
for
breuities
sake
I
omit
;
this
old
prouerbe
is
verefied
,
From
all
which
I
come
to
conclude
,
that
no
Emperor
,
King
,
nor
Common
wealth
that
doo
gouerne
their
Subiectes
with
great
and
equall
iustice
,
and
therewithall
doo
effectuallie
shew
to
haue
great
care
of
their
increase
,
prosperity
and
happinesse
,
need
any
waies
to
doubt
any
reuol●
or
Rebellion
against
them
,
Also
I
would
that
no
horsemen
,
And
thus
hauing
for
the
great
loue
that
I
beare
to
the
continuall
safetie
and
prosperity
of
the
Crowne
&
Realme
of
England
,
Honor
et
gloria
in
excelsis
Deo
omnipotenti
,
sempiterno
,
et
incomprehensibili
Amen
.