A geographicall and anthologicall description of all the empires and kingdomes, both of continent and ilands in this terrestriall globe Relating their scituations, manners, customes, prouinces, and gouernements.

A GEOGRAPHICALL AND ANTHOLOgicall description of the whole World .

CHAP. I. DE GEOGRAPHIA .

1 GEographie is an Imitation of the picture Definition . of the whole earth , with those thinges which are annexed therevnto . Ptolm . Lib. 1. Cap. 1. Therefore it comprehendeth vnder it Chorographie , the description of a Region , Hydrographie , the discription of waters , Topographie , the description of a place , and the like .

2 The Subiect of Geographie , is this Terrestriall Subiect . Globe , composed of earth and water , so far forth as the parts of it , haue a diuerse scituation , as well in respect of the heauens , as one towards another . Maginus . pag. 3.

3 Concerning the Terrestriall Globe in respect of the Heauens , two things are dilligently to be obserued , Longitude and Latitude of places .

4 The Longitude of a place , is a distance intercepted betweene the first Meridian , which passeth Longitude . through the Canarie Ilands , and the Meridian of the place , which Longitude is alwayes to be measured from West vnto East in the degrees of the Aequator . The reason is , because all Meridians cut the Aequator .

5 The Latitude of a place , is a distance intercepted Latitude . betweene the Aequator , and any place North or South from it , which to finde out , turne the place in the Globe , vntill it come directly vnder the brazen Meridian , then numbring in the brazen Meridian , how many degrees be betwixt the Aequator and the place , it shewes the Latitude directly .

Therefore the Longitude and Latitude beeing knowne of a place , it is easie to finde it in any globe ; and on the contrarie , if you see the place first in the globe , by turning it vnder the brazen meridian , both the Longitude and Latitude is knowne .

6 Concerning the Terrestriall Globe , in regard of his partes one vnto the other , it is diuided into Sea , and Land .

7 The Sea or Ocean , is a huge water compassing about this whole Vniuerse , whose partes passing by Sea . many particular places ; are called by sundrie & particular names , as Mare Britanicum , à Britania , Mare Mediterraneum : quia mediūinter duas terras , africae & Europae . Mare Atlanticum of the great mountain Atlas .

8 In the Sea , are to bee considered three things : Creekes , Straights , and Hauens .

9 A Creeke is a place where the Sea doth runne Sinus . any where into the bosome of the earth : And such are Sinus Arabicus , or the redde Sea : Sinus Persicus , or Mare Balserum , Sinus Adriaticus , or the Gulfe of Venice .

10 Fretum , is a narrowe straight , or Arme of the Sea , passing betwixt two Lands , so called a Fremitu . Fretum . Whereof the chiefe are , Fretum Gaditaneum , or the straights of Gibraltar , Fretum Magellanicum , or the straights of Magellane : Fretum Nassouicum , or the North Straights .

11 A Hauen is a litle Creeke or entrance into the Portes . maine Ocean , where shippes are alwayes rested and harbored .

12 The Earth , as may be seene in all Geographicall Earth . Maps and tables , is described and paynted forth with huge Mountaines , great Woods , faire Riuers , and many famous Cities : the circuit of it , is 21600. miles , and ( as some write , ) if a footman had a path-way round about the World , hee might goe it in 900. dayes . Magiuus .

13 In the Earth are to be considered & obserued , two things , the Ilands , and the Continent .

14 An Iland , ( quasi , eye of land , ) is compast round Iland . about with the Sea , as Britania , Hybernia , Sardinia , &c: Of the Latins it is called Insula , quasi in Salo.

15 A Continent is a great quantitie of land not diuided Continent . by waters , where many Kingdomes and Empires are lincked and ioyned together . As Spaine , France , Germany . &c.

16 In both Ilands and Continent , three things are to be noted : Istmus , Peninsula , & Promontorium .

17 An Istmus or Chersonesus is a narrow or straight Istmus . land between two Seas . Of which , the most famous are Istmus Corinthiacus , and Istmus Cymbricus , both in Europe .

18 Peninsula ( quasi pene Insula ) is a part of the continent , euery where inuironed with the Sea , vnlesse Peninsula . it be where it is tyed vnto the firme land , with a little Istmus . The most farre fam'de of which are , whole Africa , Scandia , Taurica Chersonesus , Pelloponesus or Morea , and Peruana in America .

19 A Promontorie , is a high Mountaine , which Promontory bendeth it selfe into the Sea , the extreame or end of which , is called a Cape . Of which , the most known are the Cape of good Hope , in Africa : the Cape of Saint Vincent , in Portugall : the Cape Comari in Asia : and the Cape de la Victoria , in America .

CHAP. II. Of the vnknowne parts of the Earth .

1 HEtherto haue I set downe the generall affections of the Terrestriall globe . Now therefore will I descend vnto particulars , and onely , & particularly speake of the earth , because Hydrographie doth rather belong vnto the art of Nauigation .

2 The partes of the Earth are either vnknowne , or knowne .

3 The vnknowne partes which lye in obscuritie , are eyther in the North vnder the Articke Pole , or in the South , vnder the Antarticke Pole .

4 The vnknowne Land which lyeth vnder the Artick Pole , is separated euery where ( as it is thought ) from the other partes of the World , with the North Sea , which breaking in by 19. Inletts , & 4. Staights , is supped vp , & ingulft into the bowells of the earth , vnder the blacke Rocke , which lyeth directly vnder the Pole , being in compasse 33. Leucars .

Iames Cnoyen in the booke of his trauells , maketh mention of a certaine Priest of Noruegia , which had by tradition from a Frier of Oxford , that by the help of his magicke , and taking the fittest opportunitie of time , hee vndertooke to trauell into those parts , and was directly vnder the Pole , where he descryed all these things . Mercator .

5 Not far distant from the blacke Rocke are scituated foure Ilands of reasonable bignesse , the Sea running betweene euerie one of them , and making them equall in quantitie one vnto the other . In one of the which Ilands beeing opposite vnto Biarmia , are found Pigmies or little men , not aboue 4. foote in height . Magin .

6 The vnknowne Land , which lyeth vnder the Antarticke Pole , is thought to be greater then all the earth besides .

7 In it are descried some fewe Prouinces , as Nona Guynea , Terra del Fuego Psittacorum Regio , Lucach , Reach , and Maletur . All which together , are called Magelane .

Of these Countryes nothing can be certainely spoken , only that in the land del Fuego there is much smoke , in Psittacorum regione , there are great Parrets , in Beach , Golde : in Maletur Spices .

8 The Inhabitants of these Regions which haue bene seene ( beeing very fewe ) goe naked , and are most barbarous people . Mercator .

CHAP. III. Of the knowne parts of the Earth .

THe vnknowne parts of the World haue beene obscurely spoken of . Now followeth the description of the knowne parts , which are soure in number , Europe , Asia , Africa , and America .

OF EVROPE .

1 EVrope ( called by Plinie the fairest of all other Nations , ) is on the South , separated ( from Africa ) Boundes . with the Straights of Gibraltar , and the Mediterr anean Sea , on the West ( from America , ) with the rowling waues of the Atlanticke Ocean , and on the East ( from Asia , ) with the Egaean Sea , Hellespont , Propontus , Thracius , Bospherus , Pontus Euxinus , Bospherus Cimirius , Maeotis Palus , Tanais fluuium , & so drawing vp a line vnto the riuer Duina , which runneth along vnto the Port of Saint Nicholas , disburdning it selfe into Sinus Granuicus , or the North Sea .

2 The forme of Europe is like vnto a Dragon , the Simititude head being Spaine , & the wings Denmarke and Italy .

3 In Longitude it is 3800. miles , reaching from Longitude the Cape of Saint Vincent in Portugal , vnto Constantinople in Thracia . Magin . Orteli .

4 In Latitude , it containeth 1200. miles , stretching Latitude . it selfe from the Archipelago or Egaean Sea , vnto Mare Congelatum , or the Frozen Ocean .

5 The people or inhabitants of it , doth farre surpasse Inhabitants the residue of the other parts , in Religion , Learning , Artes , valor and ciuilitie . And are all Christians , vnles it be towards the northeren part of Scandia , or those which are vnder the Tyrannicall gouernment of the Turke . Magin .

6. In Europe are to be considered two thinges : First , the Kingdomes and Empires which are contained within the Continent , and then the Ilands .

7 First therefore of the Continent , in which are Diuision . contained 16. Kingdomes , Spaine , France , Germanie , Belgia , Dania , Italie , Illyria , Hungarie , Polonia , Prussia , the Turkish Empire in Europe , Transiluania , Lituania , Liuonia , Scandia , Moscouia , or Russia .

OF SPAINE .

1 SPaine is in euery place enuironed with the Sea , Boundes . vnles it be towards the north-east part , where it is ioyned vnto France , distinguished only by the high Pyrinean mountains . It containes in circuit , 1890. miles .

2 This land is very fertill , enricht with all kindes Qualitie . of wine , Sugar , all sortes of fruites , graines , oyles , mettalls , especially of Golde and Siluer .

3 The inhabitants of it are verie ceremonious , superstitious , Inhabitants proude , hypocrites , laborious , addicted more then any other Nation vnto Melancholy , and descended of the Gothes , Saracens , and Iewes .

4 This kingdome is diuided into many Prouinces , whereof the chiefe are first , Portugal , famous for Prouinces . Nauigation , in which the chiefe citie is Lisbone : the second is Granado , or Andalucia , in which are the best horses : the chiefe citie in it is Siuill , from whence come our excellent ciuill Oranges : in this Prouince is also Cadiz or Cales , that was once surprised by Englishmen : the third Prouince is Casteile , in which is that great citie Tolledo , the Byshoprick wherof commeth neere in reuenues vnto the Popedome : the fourth is Nauarre , in which stands the city Bilbao , from whence we haue so many excellent tride blades : the fift & last is Galicia , in which standeth S. Iago : where Saint Iames is much reuerenced . Ortel .

5 The chiefe riuers of these prouinces are foure , Riuers . Tagus , in which is found much golden Sande : Guadiana or Ana , which runneth into a Cauerne or hole of the earth , for a great space , and riseth vp againe . Guadalquiuir , vppon whose bancks stand Siuill . And the last is Duerus . Merula .

6 In times past this was diuided into 12. Kingdomes , Gouernement . but nowe it is onely one entire Gouernement , subiected vnto one King : who is called , King of Spaine .

OF FRANCE .

1 FRance is limited on the West , with Mare Aquitanicum , Boundes . & the Pyrinean Mountains : on the North , with the English Sea : on the South , with Mare Mediterraneum : on the East , with Germanie : & on the Southeast , with the Alpes . Magin .

2 This country is extraordinary fruitfull , abounding Qualitie . almost in euery thing , especially in Corne , Wine , and Salt , which causeth that saying , that France hath three Loadstones to draw riches from forraine Nations , Corne caried into Spaine , Wines transported into England & Flanders , and Salte , wherewith the whole kingdom & bordering Nations are plentifully stored .

3 The Inhabitants of this Land are in the first onset Inhabitants . of any thing very vehement , but at the length as slowe and dull . In their words only verball , in their deeds cautelous : from whence it is said ; that the Frenchman sings not as hee prickes , pronounceth not as he writes , speakes not as hee thinkes .

4 The Prouinces of this Region are manie , among which , three of them haue free Princes . The first is Lorreine , Prouinces . in which the chiefe cittie is Nancie : the second is Burgundie , whose Metrapollitane and chiefe cittie is Bisançon , lying vpon the riuer Doux ; the third is Subaudia , or Sauoye , whose chiefest citie is Geneua , scituated vpon a faire & pleasant Lake , and in which they haue a law , that if any offender flie for refuge thither , the law doth as wel take holde on him there , as in the place where hee committed the crime .

5 The other prouinces are many , among which the chief are eight . First , the Prouince of Normandie , whose Metrapolitane citie is Roan , famous for trafficke , in manie forraine countries : the second is Britanie , whose chiefe citie is Brest : the third is Burges or Berrie , whose chiefe citie is called Burges , which ( as Iohn Calmenus affirmes ) hath an Vniuersitie in it , worthy to be intituled : The Honour of all learning , & store house of learned men . The fourth is Aquitanie , in which stands Tolouse , that beautifull , best peopled , and most ancientest citie of France , next vnto Paris : the fift is Picardie , in which the chiefe citie is Amiens : the sixt is Poictou , in which is the citie Poictiers : the seuenth is Languedocke : and the eight is Aniou : Many others there are , which to rehearse , would be too tedious , and therefore I omit them .

6 The Riuers of note in these Prouinces , are foure . Riuers . The first is Sequana or Seine , which runneth through the fairest and Metrapolitane Citie of France , called Paris , or Lutetia , ( quasi in luto sita . ) The second is Loyre , vpon whose shores stand Angiers & Orleance , two famous cities . The 3. is Rhodanus or Rhosne : the 4. & last of any note is Garonne

7 Two things are reported of this Countrey , very strange . The one is , that the King cureth a certain wenne , Wonders . which riseth in a mans neck , with the touch of his hand , saying these words : Sanet te Deus , tangit te Rex . The other is , that ther is a certain oyle in the church of Rheims , which as they report , was sent from Heauen : and the Kings being annointed with it euery Coronation day , it doth neuer decrease . Hondius in Tabulis .

8 This Kindome is gouerned by a Monarchicall gouernement , subiected vnto one sole King , who is called Gouernment the king of France , and his eldest sonne is tituled the Dolphine of France . From this countrie is excluded by the Salick lawe , any woman , that shee cannot raigne and be Queene .

OF GERMANIE .

1 GErmany , is distinguished on the west from France , by Boundes . part of the riuer Rheine , and a line , which is drawen vp directly from Strasburg vnto Cales : on the South , from Italie , with the Alpes : on the South-east , with Istria , and Illyrica : and on the East with Hungarie , Polonia , and the riuer Vistula . Magin .

2 This countrie is inricht with all sortes of Mines , as Qualitie . well of Salt , as of Mettalls . It hath also great abundance of corne , wine , saffron , fruits , hote bathes , & sweete fountaines .

3 The Inhabitants of this Empire are generallie very tall , goodly , warlike , and faithfull men , little addicted vnto Inhabitants . venerie , but much affecting drunkennes , that welspring of Impietie , from whence bubbleth out this saying of them , that Germanus potat quantum potest : & Germanorum viuere , est bibere . They are also for their inuentions in Inuentions . arts Mechanicall most excellent , and farre surpassing anie other Nation : for from them came the inuention of Gunnes , inuented of one Bertholdus Swart , in the yeare 1378. by them was also inuented Printing , in the yeare of our Lord , 1440. by one Ihon Gutemberg , but ( as Ramus affirmes , ) by one Iohn Fust , who printed Tullies Offices , which was the first booke that euer was printed .

4 In the middle of Germany is scituated Bohemia , a very Bohemia . pleasant kingdom , compast about with a wood called Sylua Hyrcinia : the chiefe citie of it is Prage , in which the Emperour doth keepe his Court.

5 There are also in this great & large Dominion many Prouinces . Prouinces , among which , the especiall , first Saxonie , whose Metrapolitane citie is Witteberg , lying vppon the Riuer Albis : the second is Brandēbourg : in which stands Franckford , scituated vppon the Riuer Odera : in which there is an Vniuersitie , erected by Marques Ioachim , in the yeare , 1506. The third is Pomerania , the chiefe Citie of which is Stetim . The fourth is Bauaria , whose best cittie is Munchen . The fift is Slesia , in which is scituated the city Bressel . The sixt is Franconia , whose most noted Citie is Franckford , founded vppon the riuer Moenum , in which Martes . place is alwayes the Election of the Emperour , and the famous Martes for bookes . The seuenth is Austria , the Metrapolitan of which , is that famous Vienna , seated vpon the riuer Danubius , esteemed to be one one of the fairest Citties in Germanie . The eight and last , worthy to Heluetia . be preferred before all the rest , is Switzerland or Heluetia , which is diuided into 13. Cantones or chiefe cities with their Apendices , the gouernment of them beeing onely popular : for although the members seeme to be separated , yet liue they as one bodie , firmly knit & vnited , euerie one hauing his particular Magistrate and Councell .

6 The most famous Riuers of these Prouinces are sixe . First is the great Danubius , which doth receiue into Riuers . it 60. Nauigable Riuers , before it is disburdened into Pontus Euxinus : the second is Rhene , from whence commeth the best Rhenish wine , & vpon whose banke is scituated the citie Strasburge or Argentine , in which ther is a towre of 578. Geometricall paces high , counted the eight Miracle of the world : the third is Amasus : the fourth is Moenus : the fift is Odera : and the sixt is Albis .

7 The Emperours do not succeed , but are alwaies chosen by these 6. Electors : the Arch-byshops of Ments , Triers , & Colen : the Countie Palatine of Rhene : the Duke of Saxonie , & the Marquesse of Brandeburge . If these cannot agree , then doth the King of Bohemia decide the controuersie .

8 Concerning the Gouernment of this Empire , it hath manie free Princes , which is the reason that the Emperour by some is called a King of Kings . Gouernment

OF BELGIA .

1 BElgia , ( or the Lowe Countreyes , ) is limited on the Boundes . East , with Germanie : on the South , with France : on the West , with the mayne Ocean : & on the North , with Denmarke and part of the great Sea . It contayneth in circuit 1000. Italian miles .

2 This Countrie doeth most excell in all manner of Linnen , and fine Stuffes : and about Frisea , Gelderland , Qualitie . and Holland , they haue Oxen of such an incredible bignesse , which if they were ballanced , would weigh aboue 2000. poundes , for there was seene in Antwerpe , a Bull , whose bodie did exceede 3200. weight . Magin . Ortel . In this Countrie there is also great abundance of Butter , Cheese , Herring , and Salmon , and especially in Holland .

3 The Inhabitants are very goodly & propermen , hauing Inhabitants . generally well proportionated legs . They are great drinkers , not proud nor enuious , but vnmindfull both of benefits done vnto them , & of iniuries offered . They are excellent Musitians , & in Mechanicall arts most expert . Prouinces .

4 The prouinces of Belgia are 17. in which are contained 4. Dukedomes , 7. Earldomes , 5. Barondries , & 1. Marqueship .

5 The 4. Dukedomes are first , Brabant , in which the 1. Brabant . chiefe citie is Antwerp , fortified with 10. royall Bulwarks , and hauing within it a Towne-house , whose circuite is 4812. paces . There is also in this Prouince an Vniuersitie called Louaine . Ortel .

6 The second Dukedom is Liege or Luicke , called by 2. Liege . some the Paradise of Priests : the chiefe city is Liege , from whence the Dukedome taketh his name .

7 The third is Lutzenburge , in which is the great Forest 3. Lutzenburge . of Ardenna , which was in the time of Caesar 500. miles in length , at this day only 90. the chief city is Lutzēburg . or .

8 The 4. and last Dukedome is Gelderland , noted 4. Gelderland . chiefly for the excellent pasture groundes , which are in it , the chiefe citie is Nimmegen . Ortel .

9 The 7. Earledoms or Counties , are first Flanders , in 1. Flandres . which the chiefe city is Gaunt , there are also many strong Port towns in it , as Newport , Dunkerk , Ostend , & Slewis . Ort.

10 The second is Artois , the chiefe citie of which is 2. Artois . Arras , from whence commeth the best cloth of Arras .

11 The third is Hainolt , whose fairest city is Mons , in which there is a Capitall of Religious women , that was 3. Hainolt . erected by Vadruda , Dutches of Lorraine .

12 The 4. is Holland , very poore of it self , vnles it be in pasture grounds , in which they nourish so many Cattell 4. Holland . that it doth excell other parts in Butter and cheese . They are also so strong at Sea , that they are able to make 800. great ships , and twice so many small . The chiefe citie is Amsterdam , so famous for Trafficke , that there may be seen in her Port somtimes , 500. great ships at once . Ortel .

13 The fift is Zealand ( quasi Sea and Land , ) in which 5. Zealand . countrie or Countie there is found no fresh water . In it is also very little wood . The chiefe citie is Middelborough , in the Iland of Walcheren .

14 The sixt is Zutphen , of which very little or nothing 6. Zutphen . can be spoken .

15 The 7. and last Countie is Namur , verie plentifull 7. Namur . of Woods and Deare , the chiefe citie is Namur .

16 The 5. Barondries or Lordships are first , Friezland , Vltrect . the noted cities whereof are Leuorden and Embden .

17 The second is Vltrect , whose chiefest city is Vtreck .

17 The third is Mechlin : the fourth is Ouerissel : the fift and last Lordship is Groining .

18 The 17. Prouince is , the Marquiset of the holie Empire , in which nothing is famous .

19 The most noted Riuers of these Prouinces are three , the first of which is Rhene , mentioned before in Riuers . Germanie : the next it Schald , which washeth the bancks of Antwerpe : the last is Meuse , vpon whose shore is scituated Luicke .

20 This Country ( famous for wars ) is in part gouerned Gouernment . by manie , whom they call States of the lowe Countries . But the Arche-duke of Austria wageth warre continuallie with them , to bring it vnder his Dominion , claiming and laying Title vnto it .

OF DENMARKE .

DEnmarke is enuironed round with the maine Ocean , Limites . vnlesse it be on the South , where it is ioyned vnto Germanie .

2 This Kingdome doth abound in goodly Horses , Qualitie . and in such store of cattell , that there are yearely carried into Germanie 50000. Oxen. There is also such infinite abundance of herring , ( neare vnto the I le Scania ) that the ships are scarce able by maine strength of Owers to rowe out of the Harbour , the fish lying so thicke , that their quantitie is supposed to surpasse the water it selfe . Ortel . Inhabitants .

3 The Inhabitants of this country are very valiant both at land and Sea , in their Religion they are all Lutherans .

4 The Prouinces of this Kingdome are almost all Prouinces . Ilands , among which , the chiefe are first , Sealand , in which is Coppenhagen , the chiefe seate of the King , and an Vniuersitie , in it is also Roschilt , where the Kings are still intoombed . The second is Loilant , in which there growe so many Hazell-nuts , that shippes are loaded there with them . The third is Fimera , in which Ticho Brahe built a Castle by Arte , to the wonder of euery body that hath euer seene it . In the Continent are containd two other Prouinces , Iugtland , and Holsten , in which is Meldrope , the inhabitants of which are so riche , that they couer their houses with copper . Magin .

5 In this Countrie is also a straight Sea , passing betweene some of the Ilands , called the Sound : which by Sound . reason of the Imposts and Customs of the Ships which passe that way , yeeldeth great gaine and profite vnto the King .

6 The Gouernment of this Kingdome is vnder one Gouernment . sole Prince , who is called the King of Denmarke .

OF ITALIE .

ITalie , ( called by Merula a Terrestriall Paradice : The Boundes . Phoenix of this Massie round , the earths riche Ornament , the Garden of the Muses , ) is garded on the East , with the Adriaticke Seas on the South , with Mare Mediterraneum : on the West , with the Terrhene or Ocean : and on the North , with the Alpes , which separateth it from Germanie , it is like vnto a mans legge , reaching in length from Augusta Pretoria , vnto Otranto , which is 1010. miles , and is in breadth , in the brodest place , 420. miles .

2 To set downe the fruitfulnes of this riche Region , it may be as well declared in a line as in a leafe , for there Qualitie . is of all things such plentie , as there is not of any thing any scarcitie .

3 The people of this Nation are verie graue , frugall , wittie , excelling both in vertue and vices , which are in Inhabitants . lust , monstrous : in hate , implacable : & in their conuersation most deceitfull : which had rather bestowe any thing vpon others , then vpon themselues : do more oftener blaspheme then sweare . And will rather kill a man , then giue him a disgracefull tearme or word .

4 This Kingdome is diuided into many Prouinces , whereof the chiefe and most famous are fiue . Prouinces .

5 The first is the Kingdome of Naples , which is greater then any of the rest , full of Nobilitie , and abounding Naples . with all things necessary for mans vse . The chiefe citie of it is Naples , lying vpon the Terrhenean Sea .

6 The second is the Romane Territorie , a Prouince richly furnished with all prouisions , in which is scituated Roma . the Cittie of Rome , once called the Empresse of the world , as well for the beautie and Magnificence of the Citie , as for the Learning and fortitude of the Citizens : but now it is much ruinated : true Religion and vertue cleane decayed . The Gouernour of it beeing the Pope , that proud prelate , persecutor of all true pietie , and zealous professours .

7 The third Prouince is Lumbardie , comprehending Lumbardie . vnder it is the Dukedom of Millaine , which doth excell for beautie all the rest , hauing in it many faire Riuers & pleasant Lakes : the chiefe Citie of which , is Millaine : whose buildings are to be admired for their extraordinarie sumptuousnes . In this Prouince is also the great Lake de Como , which is 60. miles in length , & vpon whose bankes stands the citie Como , in fashion like vnto a Crab , whose two feete couet the water . In this Citie the two Plinies had their beginning , whose Fame by reason of their great learning , shall neuer haue ending . Ortelius .

8 The fourth Prouince is Tuscanie , little inferior vnto Tuscanie . the rest in any thing , the chiefe Citie of which is Florence , whose inhabitants ( since the time of Macheuill , which was their Recorder , ) are most politicke and subtill , amounting vnto the number of 80. thousand persons .

9 The fift and last , is the Signorie of Venice , a free Venice . State , and the most famous of any in Christendome , gouerned by a Prince of great Maiestie : yet both hee and his authorite subiected vnto the Lawes .

This Citie with the Apendices vnto it , is the richest & best prouided with munition , of any Citie in Italie , as is confest in this particular censure of each Prouince , before spoken : that Naples excells for Nobilite : Rome for Clergie : Millaine for beautie , Florence for policie : but Venice for riches .

10 There is is another prouince ( somewhat famous ) called Verona , in which is the mountaine Baldo , where all professors of Phisicke doe resort , to gather diuerse sortes of pretious Hearbes . And in which there is a citie called Negarino , wherin is a stone in forme like vnto a womans dugge , which doth continually distill a water , whose vertuous operation causeth a womans Milke to returne into her brests when she hath lost it .

11 The chiefest riuers of these prouinces , are first Padus , neer vnto which stands Patauine that noble Vniuersitie : Riuers . the next is Athesis , adioyning vnto which is Trent , where a Councell was helde vnder Paul the third , in the yeare 1546. the next is Tiber , that runneth through the Citie of Rome , which when it doth ouerflowe the banks , doth betoken some ill fortune which shall befall the Citie : the last is the riuer Poe , neere vnto which stands Cremona , a Citie of great note .

12 In this Italie , which was in time past , one intier Gouernement , Gouernment are nowe many absolute States , and Princedomes , by the great Pollicie of the Pope , who thought it the best way to make himselfe great , by weakening the Empire .

OF ILLIRIA .

ILliria is limited on the West , with the Adriaticke Sea : on the North , with the riuer Sauus : & on the East , with Limits . the riuer Drinus . No certaine limits can be giuen of this countrie : For all Geographers that write , doe disagree about it .

2 The people of this land as ( Liuie affirmes , ) are verie Inhabitants . proude and outragious .

3 The chiefe Prouinces are three , whereof the first is Prouinces . Zara or Sebenine , whose chiefest citie is Zara , where ( as Cornelius Sheppers doth report ) is a Church called S. Iohn de Maluatia , which was built by a companie of Mariners that were in a dangerous tempest , and made a vowe that if they escaped , they would build a church vnto the honour of S. Ihon de Maluatia , whose morter should be tempered with Malmesie .

4 The next prouince is Dalmatia , in which the chiefe citie is Ragusus or Epidaura , where S. Ierosme was borne .

5 The third and last is Histria , which is vnder the Venetians . Many other Prouines there are , whereof some Gouernment are subiect vnto the Turke , others vnder the Dominion of Hungarie .

OF HVNGARIE .

HVngarie is bounded on the South , with the riuer Sauus : Limites . on the East with the riuer Tibiscus : on the north , with Polonia and Russia : and on the west , with Austria .

2 This country doth exceede any other for plenty of Qualitie . corne , which thrice in a yeare is there reapt , the ground being so fertill that it doth almost growe without tilling . There are also such infinit store of Oxen , that there doth yearely passe through Vienna into other cuntries , 80000. besides there are such a great number of Deere , Phesant , and Partridge , that it is lawfull for any man to hauke and hunt at his pleasure . There is great plentie of gold , and wines , which will suddenly make a man drunke by reason of the Sulpherie waters , neere vnto which the grape is gathered .

3 The people & inhabitants of this Nation , are generally Inhabitants . very strong , warlike , vnkinde , and of rude behauiour , giuen little vnto the knowledge of Mechanick arts . They haue an order in their Countrie , that no man may weare a Feather ; vnlesse he hath killed a Turke : and they neuer reuenge particular iniuries one against the other any more , then with words , vnles the disgracefull tear me of cowardise be obiected vnto them : whereof the charged is neuer freed , vntill he hath proued himselfe in single combate with a Turke . The Sonnes inherit equally after their Fathers death . In marrying their daughters , they giue them onely a new garment , and nothing else .

4 The chiefe citie of this kingdome is Buda , possessed Citie . now by the Turke , neere vnto which , is the fielde Zebuliensis , wherein is a riuer that conuerts wood into a stone , & the water it selfe being taken out turneth into a stone .

5 The Prouinces which are most mentioned in this realme are onely two : the one is the countie of Zoliense , Prouinces . wherein there is a certaine gaping of the earth , the stinking vapors of which , doth kill all the birdes that flie ouer it . The other is the Iland Komora ( in Danubius , ) the land of which is so fertill , that the grasse of it doth exceede in length the height of a man . Magin .

7 The chiefe Riuers are Danubius , Tibiscus , Drauus , and Sauus , all which haue great plentie of fish , especially Riuers . of Salmon and Sturgeon .

7 This Kingdome of Hungarie was once gouerned by Gouernment Spirituall men , but now it is vnder the Emperor of Germanie , and the Turke , who haue it betwixt them .

OF POLONIA .

1 POlonia is limited on the West , with Germanie : on the Limits . East , with the riuer Boristines , or Neiper : on the north , with Mare Balticum , and parte of Moscouia : and on the South , with Hungarie .

2 This kingdome chiefly abound in Hunnie , Waxe , Qualitie . Fish , Mines of Copper , Iron , Brimstone , and in such great store of Horse , that it is thought the Polanders are able vppon any necessitie , to raise 100. thousand . In this countrie there is no wine : but in steede thereof , they haue an excellent kinde of Methegline .

3 The Inhabitants are generally braue souldiers , excellently well furnished with weapons , and most impatient , Inhabitants . if iniuries be offered them : they are very proude , thinking exceeding well of their owne worth , making great account of anie one that will flatter them , louing braue attire and delicious meates .

4 In this Kingdome are tollerated all sorts of Religions : Religion . and Colledges of all sectes , and factions : which causeth this saying , that if any one hath lost his religion , let him goe into Poland , and hee shall finde it .

5 The Kings seate and Metrapolitane Citie is Cracouia , Citie . in which is an Vniuersitie , seated vpon the banke of the riuer Vistula .

6 The most noted Prouinces , are first Podolia : the land of which is so fertill , that of one Sowing , they haue Prouinces . three Haruests , and in their meadowes the grasse doeth growe so much in three dayes , that if an Oxe goe in it , his hornes cannot be seene .

7 The next is Sammagitia , in which the people liue in cottages with their cattell and labouring Beasts , some of them sacrificing vnto a certaine Diuell , called by them Siemiennicke .

8 The next is Nigra Russia , in which there is great plentie of Waxe and Hunnie .

9 The last is Massouia , in which the chiefe citie is Massouia , wherein is made the best Methegline .

10 The chiefe and onely Riuer of this Countrey , is Riuers . Vistula .

11 This kingdome of Poland is gouerned by one sole Gouernment . King , who doth not succeed , but is alwayes elected by , the Nobilitie of the Land .

OF PRVSSIA .

1 PRussia is compassed on the West , with the riuer Vistula : on the East , with Lituania : on the South , with Polonia : Limits . and on the North , with Mare Balticum , & Liuonia .

2 This countrie is most famous for Amber , which is found on their Sea shore , scarce any where else to be Qualitie . seene . It is also well stored with a kinde of leather , which wee call Spruce leather .

3 The Inhabitants of this place are much of the same Nature as the Polonians are . Inhabitants .

4 The chiefe Citie is Dantzike , seated vpon the riuer Vistula . Citie .

5 The Gouernment of this countie is vnder a Duke , who doth subiect his power and himselfe vnto the King Gouernment . of Poland .

Of the Turks kingdome in Europe .

VNder the Turcian Empire in Europe , is comprehended all that lyeth between the borders of Epidaurus Limites . and Tanais , betweene Buda and Constantinople , and betweene the Euxine Sea & the bankes of Sauus : in which territory are comprehended many puissant kingdomes .

2 The Turkes are great Souldiers , patient in labour , sparing in their foode , slaues vnto their Lord , great obseruers Inhabitants . of their lawes , and for the rest very inconstant . In the Lent they abstaine from meat in the day times , but take it out freely in the night . They acknowledge Christ not as the Sonne of God , but as a great Prophet . They detest Images , & wil not be called Turks ; but Musulmani , which is as much as beleeuers of the truth . Their priuate houses are most base & vile , whereas their publike places are stately . They vse no tables , but eate their meate on the ground , sitting after the fashion of Tailors vpon a stall , & when they pisse , they doe it with bended knees . Magi.

3 There are comprehended vnder this vaste gouernment such an infinit companie of people , and so well ordered & broght vp , that one noteth these three things of them , which breed a terror vnto the whole world . The first , is their multitudes of men vnconquerable : the next , their Millitarie discipline vncorrupted : the last , Corne and prouision for store infinite .

4 The Prouinces or rather Kingdomes of this great Prouinces . Empire , are diuided into two parts : Into Dacia vetus , vnder which is comprehended Bosnia , Seruia , Bulgaria , Valachia , and Moldauia : and into Grecia , contained in which , are Epirus , Macedonia , Thracia , Achaia , and Peloponesus .

5 In Dacia vetus little is extraordinarie notable , and Dacia . therefore I omit the description .

6 Grecia is limited on the West , with the Adriaticke Grecia . Sea : on the South , with the Mediterranean : on the East , with the Archipelago and Thracian Sea .

7 The Inhabitants of it are now very base , altogether Inhabitanit . ignorant of artes , liuing and going in their apparell after the Turkish manner .

8 The Prouinces as are before set down , are first Epirus , Epirus . in which Scanderbege liued , made famous by his worthy acts , hee being called the scourge of the Turkes .

9 The next is Macedonia , for euer famosed , by the Macedonia . means of him neuer to be forgotten , Alexander the great , who raigned there , being conquerour of the world : In this Prouince is Stagira , the countrie of Aristotle : and Olympus , that high topt Mountaine , aspiring aboue the middle region of the aire .

10 The next is Romania or Thracia , a verie barren Thracia . place , in which stands the great Cittie of Constantinople , wherein the Turke doth alwayes keepe his Court , this Citie is very populous , containing in it ( as some write ) 700000. soules .

11 The fourth prouince is Achaia , famous for the Achaia . most learned Vniuersitie , which was in it , called Athens , once the nurse of all the wittie and best Poets , the Mother and bringer vp of all eloquent and heart-winning Rhetoricians : and in generall , it was the very heart and soule of humane Artes and learning . In this Prouince is also Pernassus , and Hellicon , consecrated to the Muses , by all ancient Poets .

12 The fist and last is Peloponesus or Morea , in whose Peloponesus . Istmus or entrance , stands that once goodly city Corinth : which many bookes doe much mention . Further in the prouince , stands Lacedemon , not inferior vnto any of the rest in antiquitie .

13 This Grecia ( as is before saide ) is vnder the Turke , Gouernment who for money suffers all religions there .

OF TRANSILVANIA .

TRansiluania ( so called , by reason of the great Woods Limits . which compasse it ) is limited on the west , with Hungarie : and part of the Riuer Tibiscus : on the North , with Poland , and the great mountaine Carpothus : on the East , with Moldauia : & on the South , with Valachia Cisalpina .

2 The fruitfulnes of this kingdome is very much , hauing Qualitie . horses whose manes sweepe the earth : & Falchons , two of which will kill an Eagle or Swanne . There is also great store of Mines , and in some riuers are found lumps of Gold , which weigh a pound weight .

3 The Inhabitants of this country are very stubborn , slothfull , and vntractable , following the religion of the Inhabitants . Greek church , reading from the right hand vnto the left , and swearing alwayes by Iupiter and Venus , according vnto the olde manner of the Ethnicks .

4 The chiefe citie ( where the King holdeth his residence ) is Alha Guilia .

5 In this Kingdome is the Prouince of Zeckland , gouerned Prouinces . after the order of the Heluetians .

6 The chiefe riuers are Saluata and Rockle , both which Riuers . are disburdened into Danubins .

7 This Transiluania is gouerned by a Christian Gouernment Prince , who once paid tribute vnto the Turke , but now doth warre against him .

OF LITVANIA .

1 LItuania is bounded on the West with Polonia , on Limits . the South with Podolia , on the East with Muscouia , and on the North with Liuonia .

2 There is little to be spoken of this Countrey , onely Qualitie . that in it there is great store of Pitch , and Timber planks , whereof they build many Ships .

3 The inhabitants of it , liue after the maner of the Polonians . Inhabitants

4 The Metropolitan Citie , where the Prince doth Cities . keepe his Court , is Vilna ,

5 This Kingdome is gouerned by a Duke , but subiect Gouernment vnto the king of Poland .

OF LIVONIA .

1 LIuonia is limited on the West , with Mare Balticum , Limits . or Sinus Venedicus , on the East with the riuer Narua the lake Bribas , & part of Moscouia , on the South with Lituania & Prussia : and on the North with Sinus Finicus .

2 The inhabitants of this country are for the most part Inhabitants . al Christians : and the women do think so wel of themselues , that in comparison of their owne beauties they discommend all others .

3 The riches of it are chiefly corne & horses , they haue Qualitie . also in their woods wilde beastes , of an extraordinarie strength .

4 The chiefe cities are first Riga , seated vpon the riuer Duina : the next is Riualia , neare vnto the Baltick Sea : the last is Derpt .

5 The notedst riuers are two , the one is the riuer Einbecke , which ( at the very mouth , where it doth disburden Riuers . it selfe into the Sea , ) doth fall such a heigth , that it roareth , making the horriblest & horridest noise , that it deafeneth the eares of the inhabitants neare adioyning , like to those which dwell neare vnto the Cataracts of Nile : the other riuer is Duina .

6 This Kingdome is a distract gouernement , subiect vnto many Princes , as the King of Poland , Denmark , Swecia , Gouernment and the Emperour of Moscouia .

OF SCANDIA .

1 SCandia is a Peninsula , ( that is , almost an Iland , ) inuironned Limites . on the North , with the frozen Ocean : on the East , with Mare Balticum , Sinus Finicus , and Sinus Bodicus : on the South , with Sinus Codanus : and on the West , with the vast Ocean .

2 This great country in the North part is very barren : but towards the South , there is great store of corne , Salt , Qualitie . Horses , and Mines , both of Siluer , Iron , and Lead .

3 The inhabitants of it are very strong , peruerse , vnlearned , Inhabitants . & much addicted vnto Sorceries & witchcrafts .

4 This Scandia is diuided into two great Kingdoms , Diuision . Noruegia and Swetia .

OF NORVEGIA OR NORWAY .

5 NOruegia is bounded on the West , North , & South , Limits . with the maine Ocean , and on the East , with the Dofrine mountaines .

6 The Inhabitants of this Kingdom are simple men , Inhabitants . giuen much vnto Hospitalitie , and abhorring Theeuerie or any such courses .

7 The chief riches of this countries are Cables , Mastes , Qualitie , and such like furniture for Shipping , there is also great store of dried fish , which they eate in steede of bread .

8 The Metropolitane Citie is Nidrosio , there is another Citie . Citie called Bergen , one of the great Marte Townes of Christendome .

9 This kingdom is subiect vnto the crowne of Denmarke . Gouernment .

OF SWEVIA OR SWEDEN .

10 SWeuia is limited on the West , with the Dofrine Mountaines , Limites . and on the other parts with the Sea , vnles it be where it is ioyned vnto Moscouia , by a little Istmus .

11 This Kingdome is so fertill and fruitefull , that it is Qualitie . by some tearmed a most heauenly Land , abounding in so much prouision , that it is a hard thing to see a begger amongst them : They digge pure Siluer out of the earth , & they haue great store of Wolues , which passing ouer a straite in the Sea , are with the extremity of cold blinded .

12 The Inhabitants of this Region , are agreeable Inhabitants . much in disposition & quality vnto the Noruegians : they liue very long , for it is no maruel with them to see one an hundred and fortie yeares of age .

13 The chiefe Citie is Stockholme or Holoia , in which Citie . the King doth alwayes keepe his Court.

14 The Prouinces of most note , are first , Goteland ( quasi Prouinces . Good land ) the next is Finneland ( quasi Fineland ) in both which , is plenty almost of all things : the other prouinces are Bodia , Scrikfinnia & Biarmia , the inhabitants of which , are much addicted vnto withcraft .

15 This Kingdome of Sweuia is subiect onely vnto one Gouernment . King , whom they call the Duke of Sweuia .

OF RVSSIA , OR MOSCOVIA .

1 RVssia is part in Europe , and part in Asia , limited on Limits . the West with Liuonia , and Scandia , on the North with Mare Glaciale , or the Frozen Ocean , on the east with the Riuer Oby , the Lake of Kataio and Tartarie , and on the South with Lituania .

2 The riches of this Empire wherein it chiefly excels Qualitie . are most rich Furres , ( as Sables , Martins , white Foxe , & such like . ) It hath also in it much corne , fruits , and cattel . The ayre in these parts is so cold in the Winter , and the frosts so great , that if a man cast vp water into the ayre , it wil freeze before it fall downe , & many times it is so vehement , that if any man go abroad , he shal be almost stifled through the condensating of his breath .

3 The inhabitants of this Countrey are very barborous , Inhabitants . perfidious , contentious , and most prone vnto any contumelious behauiour : They are altogether ignorant and vnlearned , which is the occasion that they say , God and their Emperour knoweth all things . The baser sort of people do alwayes breake the Sabboth , saying , that it is onely for Gentlemen to celebrate that day . They are also very superstitious , hauing many foolish ceremonies , & absurd solemnities , as the consecrating of riuers once in a yere , the burying of their dead with a paire of shooes on their feet , and a staffe in one hand , signifying a great iourney which they haue to goe : & a letter in the other vnto S. Nicholas , for their readier admission into heauen .

4 The chiefe and most noted places of this mightie Region , are first Mosco , the Metropolitan citie , in which the Emperour doth continually keep his Court : The next is Pernia , in which they eate the flesh of Stagges in stead of bread : And the last is Rhezan , in which there is such plenty of graine , that the eares of corne do grow so thicke together , that no horse can beate it downe , nor Larke or Quaile passe through it .

5 The most famous riuers , are first Duina , ( quasi twagna ) Riuers . called so of two riuers which meet together . The next is Boristines , or Neiper , and the last is Tanais .

6 This large Empire is onely subiect to the Emperor Gouernment of it .

CHAP. IIII. Of the European Ilands .

1 HItherto haue I wandred al about the great continent of Europe , now folthe Ilands belonging thereunto .

2 The European Ilands are diuided into three parts : into those which are in the Westerne Ocean , into those which are in the Mediterranean Sea , and into those which are contained within the Archipellago , or Mare Aegaeum .

3 The chiefe Ilands which are contained in the west Ocean , are seuen , Grocland , Groinland , Island , Freesland , Ireland , Great Britaine , and the Azores .

4 Grocland is an Iland which few Geographers mention , Grocland . and therfore no certaintie can be spoken of it .

5 Groinland ( quasi Greeneland ) is a Country wherein Groinland . there are great store of Cattell , which causeth Butter and Cheese to be very plentifull in it : the inhabitants are for the most part witches , dwelling in Caues and Dennes .

OF ISLAND .

6 ISland is an Iland very barren of graine , hauing no Trees Island . in it , vnlesse it be Byrch and Iuniper : From this Iland , commeth the best Ling , called of vs Island Ling. In this countrie is also a mountaine called Heckleforte , alwayes vomiting forth flames of fire : the inhabitants of which , doe conceit thereof , a most peeuish and erroneous opinion that it is Purgatorie . This Iland ( as Ortelius affirms ) is vnder the king of Denmarke , but others make it subiect vnto the Swedian Crowne .

OF FRISLAND .

7 FRislande doth abound with very great store of fish , and Frisland , was wont by reason of the often sayling thither of English , to be called the westerne England : this Iland is vnder the crowne of Denmarke .

OF IRELAND .

8 IReland is a verie watrish countrey , and full of boggs , yet Ireland . seated in a most temperate and pleasant ayre , admitting no venemous thing in it , it doth most abounde in horses and cattell . The inhabitants of this Kingdome are for the most part very beautifull , actiue , & somewhat superstitious , affecting nothing so much as slothfulnes . Magi. The chiefe citie is Dubline , wherin there is an vniuersity .

The most noted things of this I le , are first the Lake Erno , now famous for her past infamie , in which you may see the toppes of houses and churches . The next is the Lake of Armach , into which if a long Staffe be thrust downe vnto the bottome , that parte which is in the water , will turne into a whetstone , and that part which is in the mudde into Iron . Magin .

The Hybrides belong vnto this Iland , beeing in number 44. the inhabitants of which are called Redshankes .

This Region belongeth vnto the Crowne of England , by whom it is kept in good subiection .

OF GREAT BRITTANIE .

9 BRIttaine is diuided into 2. partes , England & Scotland . Brittaine . England is separated from Scotland , by the Riuer Tweede , and the Riuer Solway .

This rich Diamond set in the ring of the world , nurce of the most valiant , wise , and victorious men , doth almost with all things flourish : But especiallie with such things as this verse that followeth , sheweth .

Anglia Mons , Pons , Fons , Ecclesia , Foemina , Laua .

This part of the I le was commonly in the time of King HENRY the third , Puteus inexhaustus , a well that neuer would be drawne drie : & is now tearmed by the French , a Paradise for wiues , a Purgatorie for Seruants , and a Hell for Horses .

Scotland lyeth in the North part of this Iland : the Inhabitants of which are very warlike .

The chiefe Citie is Edenbourge , neere vnto which is a fountaine that carieth an oyle , which being not taken off , doth not increase : being taken off , doth not diminish .

Many other strange things there are in this place , as in Lenox there is a Lake called Loumond , wherein fishes liue without finnes : and in which the waues are sometimes most boistrous in the calmest weather , most milde in the most tempestuous weather : In this Lake there is also a fruitfull Iland which floteth vp and downe vpon the water . In the Prouince of Coile there is a stone not aboue 13. foot in height , which if a Canon be shot off on the one side , he which is on the other cannot heare it .

The Apendices which belong vnto both England & Scotland , are first the Orcades , being in number 30. the inhabitants of which are great drinkers , but no drunkards . The next is the I le of Man , wherein is the mountaine Schesil , vpon whose top if any one stand , he may discerne both England , Scotland , and Ireland . Many other little Ilands there are , all which with the rest are subiect vnto the most mightie and puissant King of Great Brittainie .

INSVLAE AZORES .

10 THe Azores , or Canary Ilands , are seuen , from whence Azores . commeth great store of Woade , and Canarie Wines .

1 The chiefe and most renowned Ilands in all olde writers of the Medeterranean Sea , are nine : Insulae Baliares , Corsica , Sardinia , Scicilie , Malta , Corsyra , Ischia , Zazinthus , and Candia .

INSVLAE BALIORES .

2 INsulae Baliores are diuided into Maiorica , in which Raimundus Insula Baliores . Lullius that excellent Scholler liued , and into Minorica . The inhabitants of both which , are very strong and expert slingers .

CORSICA .

3 COrsica is an Iland which doth produce Horses of a Corsica . fierce nature , and Hounds of a wonderfull bignes . The Inhabitants of this I le are verie rude and vnciuill .

SARDINIA .

4 SArdinia ( famous for the occasion of that great warre Sardinia . betwixt Carthage and Rome ) is now subiected vnto the King of Spaine .

The chiefe and Metropolitane citie is Cagliarie , seated vpon a high mountaine .

In this Countrey there is a beast called Mufiono , of whose skinne is made a Leather called Cordiuan , or as we tearme it , Spanish Leather . There is also an hearbe , which if any one eate , it will enforce him to laugh till hee dye , from whence commeth the Prouerbe , Risus Sardonichus .

DE SCICILIA .

5 SCicilie is a land whose inhabitants are very good soldiers , Scicilie . desirous much of honour , and wherein is , and haue beene many excellent Schollers , such as were Euclide , Archimedes , Diodorus Siculus , and many others .

This Countrey is very fertill and fruitfull , abounding so much in corne , that it was once called Horeum Romarorum , the Store-house of the Romans .

In this I le is also the Mountaine Aetna , at whose top there are ( as it were ) two furnaces with tunnels , out of which ascend continually flames of fire , throwing out sometimes such store of ashes , and peeces of stones , that it doth greatly indaunger the Townes for many myles there about . This is the mountaine where the Poet faineth to bee the shop of Vulcan , where the Cyclops did frame Thunder-boults for Iupiter . This is the mountain into whose vast gaping mouth Empedocles did cast himselfe . And this is the mountaine where some of the irreligious , Hereticall , and besotted Papists imagine to be Purgatorie . The chiefe citie of this I le is now Palermo , before time Siracusa , in which liued Archimedes , that famous Engine maker of the world , who , as it is written of him , would by burning Glasses set Shippes on fire sayling in the Sea . Belonging to this are other , called the Vulcanian Ilands .

This Scicilie is now subiect vnto the King of Spayne .

MALTA .

6 MAlta is most famous for the farre-famed order of Malta . the Knights of Ierusalem , who haue oftentimes repelled and put to flight great armies of the Turkes , which haue besieged it . This is the Countrey where Saint Paule beeing cast vp after his shipwracke , had a Viper hanging on his hand , and did him no hurt . The chiefe Citie is Malta , wherein the Women are beautifull , but hate company , neuer going abroad vnlesse they be couered .

CORCYCA .

7 COrcyca is an Iland flourishing with Wine , and Oyle . In it is also great store of Wilde fowle , Corcyca . and Beastes , wherewith the inhabitants doe very much ( with pleasure and pastime in chasing them ) recreate themselues . The chiefe Citie in it , is called Corfu , wherein both men and women are excellent Swimmers . This I le is subiect vnto the Seigniorie of Venice , who doth defend it very well from the Turke .

ISCHIA .

8 ISchia ( the chiefe of 18. Ilands lying in the Gulfe of Ischia . Naples , begirt round with rockes and high mountaines ) hath in it great store of Hares , Conies , and other wilde beasts .

The chiefe Citie is Ischia , which in the yeare 1301. was like to be burned with a fire , that did runne along in the earth , by reason of the vaines of Brimstone . In this Ile it is also reported that there is a Fountaine neere vnto the Promontory of Saint Angel , which is so hotte , that it will in a short time boyle any flesh or fish that is put into it .

ZAZINTHVS .

9 ZAzinthus is a land where English Merchants doe Zazinthus . very much trafficke , for the extraordinary store of Currants which are there . In this I le the inhabitants do speake Greeke , and are subiect vnto the Venetians .

CANDIA .

10 CAndie is an Iland famosed by the intricate Laboborinth Creete . which was in it , built by Dedalus : and which Theseus entred , and killed the Minataurs , which were kept in it , by the helpe of Ariadne , who gaue him a bottome of threed to guide him .

In this I le there is very much Suger-Candie , & Muscadine , in such plentie , that there is yearely transported into other countries 12000. Buts .

The Inhabitants of this place doe not affect labour , neuer vsing any manfull exercise , but giuen vnto many vices , especially lying : of which the Prouerbe , Cretense Mendarium , & Cretisandum est cum Cretensibus . And Epiminides the heathen Poet noteth of them , that they are alwayes great lyers , dull beasts , and slow bellies .

The chiefe citie of it is Candie , inhabited much with the Venetians .

Of the Ilands in the Aegean Sea .

1 THe Ilands in the Aegean Sea , are all subiect vnto the tyrannicall Turke , and are diuided either into the Cyclades , which are fiftie in number , lying towards the South ; or into the Sporades , which are very many , lying towards the North.

2 Of the Cyclades little can be spoken , only that in the Cyclades . Iland Delos stood the famous Oracle of Apollo , by so many writers made mention of : And that in Ithaca valiant Vlisses was borne .

SPORADES .

3 THe Sporades are many , whereof the chiefe are first , Sporades . Euboia , at whose bankes the Sea doth ebbe & flow seuen times in a day : which Aristotle on a time viewing , and being not able to giue a naturall reason for it , desperately threw himself into it . The next is Sciros , the countrey of Achilles . Then Chios , the Countrey of the great Physitian Hypocrates . And the last of any note is Pathmos , the Iland where Saint Iohn liued in banishment , and in which there is a dead hand , the nailes of it still growing , which as the Grecians say , was the hand of Saint Iohn : But the Turkes affirme it to be the hand of one of their Prophets .

CHAP. V. Of Africa .

HItherto haue I remained within the confines of Europe , now succeedeth Africa .

1 Africa , ( so called in Greeke of a Bounds . & phrica , a place without coldnesse ) is limited on the West with the Atlanticke Ocean , on the North with Mare Mediterraneum , and on the South with the Aethyopicke waues , and on the East with the Red Sea .

2 This great part of the world , is for the most part Qualitie . full of Desarts , very dry and sandy , hauing few Riuers , which is a great occasion that some parts are not habitable . It is also full of all strange beastes , as Elephants , Lions , Leopards , Hyppopotomos , Crocadiles , and such like : which caused this saying of Plinie , Africa aliquid semper opportat Noui.

3 The inhabitants of it , are generally very blacke , of Inhabitants . countenance rude , barbarous , and of vnciuil behauiour , addicted to all sorts of religion , of Gentiles , Iewes , Turkes , Christians , and such like .

4 The famous Riuers of this part , are first , Nilus , which Riuers . springeth out of the Mountaines of the Moone , as Ptollomie affirmes : but ( as Heroditus sayes ) out of a Lake called Strabo . The other riuers are Niger , Fluuius , Senega , Cambra , Naire , Cuama , and Spiritus sancti . There is another Mountaine in Africa , called the Mountaine Atlas , from whence ( as Hondius writeth in his Mappes ) most of the Riuers haue their beginning .

The chiefe parts of Africa are seuen : Barbarie , vnder Diuision . which is comprehended Mauritania , Tingitana , and Caesariensis , Ptolamt : Numedia , or Benedulgerid : Libia , or Sarra : Terra Nigritarum : Aethtopia superior , or the kingdome of the Abisines : Aethiopia inferior , and Aegypt .

OF BARBARIE .

1 BArbarie is enuironed on the West with the Atlanlanticke Bounds . Sea , on the North with Mare Mediterraneum , on the South with the great Mountaine Atlas , and on the East with Aegypt .

2 This Region doth abound with Oranges , Dates , Qualitis . Oliues , Figges , and a certain kind of Goate , whose haire doth make a stuffe as fine as silke .

3 The inhabitants of this countrey are very faithfull Inhabitants . in their promises , ambitious , greedy of wealth , and most iealous of their wiues .

4 The chiefe Prouinces of this great kingdome , are Prouinces . Morocco , Fez , Tremisen , Tunis , & Barca Marmarica .

5 Morocco , wherin the chiefe citie is Morocco , the people of which doth alwaies keepe their beards shaued before they be married . There is also in this Prouince the mountaine Halemo , in which there is so much gold , that the inhabitants are at continuall strife for it .

6 The next Prouince is Fez , the chiefe & Metropolitan citie of which , is called Fez , beeing of a wonderfull greatnes , hauing in it 700. churches , one among the rest being of a mile & halfe in compasse . In this citie are also two Colledges , wherein liue many Schollers .

7 The next prouince is Tremisen , whose Metropolitan citie is Tremisen , in it is also Algera , a great receptacle for Pirats .

8 The next is Tunis , in which is Bona , where S. Agustine was Bishop , and Hippo where he was borne . The chiefe and Metropolitan city is Tunis , not farre from the ruines of old Carthage .

9 The last Prouince is Barca Marmarica , full of great sandy places , and in which Ilands is the Temple of Iupiter Hammon .

10 This Kingdome of Barbarie , is a distracted gouernment , Gouernment Fez and Morocco being vnder the Xeriffe , and the other Prouinces vnder the Turkes .

OF NVMIDIA .

1 NVmidia is bounded on the West with Mare Atlanticum , Bounds . on the North with the Mountaine Atlas , on the East with Aegypt , and on the South with the Desarts of Libia .

2 This countrey hath in it great plenty of Dates , and Qualitie . the ayre is so holesome , that it admitteth neither Poxe nor Plague in it , but cureth any one that hath it .

3 The inhabitants are oftentimes blinded , by reason Inhabitants . of the vnreasonable store of sand which is there , much of it being carried and blowed with the winde . They are also much addicted vnto Poetry .

4 The gouernment of this Region , is not vnder any Gouernment sole King , but subiect vnto many free Gouernors .

Of Libia , or Sarra .

1 LIbia is limited on the West with Gualata , on the East Bounds . with Gaoga , on the North with Numidia , and on the South with the kingdome of the Negroes .

2 The inhabitants of this countrey are base minded , Inhabitants ill nurturde , and great theeues : they liue not subiect vnto any lawes . In this place were two of the Sybils , who prophesied of the comming of Christ .

3 This kingdome is ful of Desarts , of which the chief are Zanaga , Zueziga , Tarsa , Lempia , and Berdoa .

Of the Kingdome of the Nigers .

1 THe Kingdome of the Nigers is bounded on the Bounds . West with the Atlanticke Sea , on the East with the Kingdome of the Abissines , on the South with Manicongo , and on the North with Libia .

2 The inhabitants of this Countrey are most barbarous Inhabitants . people , Gentiles , and free from the Plague or Poxe .

3 In this great and large kingdome there are twentie Prouinces . fiue Prouinces , among which these things are chiefly to be noted . First is the Riuer Niger , which with a great invndation encreasing from the 15. of Iune , vntill 40. daies after , doth ouerflow a great part of the land : and in the like time it doth decrease againe . The next is the kingdome of Canaga , wherein the King hath no certaine reuenewes , but onely what his Nobles giue him . The next is Tombutum , where the king doth entertain a great company of learned men , and where inhabitants doe spend their time in dauncing and singing . The last is Bornaum , where the people haue neither proper names , children , nor wiues .

4 This great Kingdome of the Nigers is gouerned by foure Kings : the King of Tombutum , Bornum , Goaga , and Gouernment the King of Gualatum .

Of the Kingdome of the Abissines .

1 THe Kingdome of the Abissines is limited on the North with Aegypt , on the South with the Mountaines Bounds . of the Moone , on the East with the Red Sea , and on the West with Manicongo , and the Kingdome of the Nigers .

2 This countrey is chiefly inricht with Oranges , Lemons , Qualitie . and Citrens , which grow of themselues . There is also great store of Barley , Suger , and Hony .

3 The inhabitants of this Nation , are generally vnlearned , Inhabitants . base , idle : the better sort of them attyring themselues in the skinnes of Lions , Tigres , and Linces . They feare a Smith as much as a Diuell : and at meate neuer vse a table , cloth , nor napkin . They alwayes ( in any matter ) sweare by the life of the King , whome they neuer see but thrise in a yeare , which is on Christmas , Easter , and Holy-Rood day . They neuer baptise their children before the fortieth day , and also circumcise both men and women .

4 This great Kingdome is gouerned by Prester Iohn , Gouernment who hath vnder him 70. Kings ; and whose colour is white , his subiects being all blacke . He draweth his pedigree from Melecke , the sonne of Salamon , and Queene of the South .

Of Ethiopia inferiour .

1 EThiopia inferior , is euery where begirt with the Sea , Bounds . vnlesse it be towards the North , where it is bounded from Ethiopia superior , with the Mountaines of the Moone .

2 The inhabitants of this Country are very Sauage , Inhabitants . cruell , and for the most part great Idolaters , so much contemning Christianitie , that in the Prouince of Douos , no man can marry vntill he hath killed twelue Christians .

3 The Prouinces of this Region , are vnder fiue free Prouinces & Gouernment . Kngs : The king of Zanzibar , Monomotapa , Manicongo , Aiana , and Carfraria : of all which little can be spoken , only that in the Monomotapa , there are Amozons , which are more valiant then the men , and that the King thereof doth keepe for his guard 200. Mastiffe dogges .

OF AEGYPT .

1 EGypt is limited on the West with Barbarie , on the Bounds . South with Aethiopia superior , on the East with the Red Sea , or Sinus Arabicus , and on the North with Mare Mediterraneum .

2 As concerning the fruitfulnesse of this Countrey , Qualitie . these two verses which follow , shall and doe sufficiently make it knowne .

Terra suis contenta bonis , non Indiga Mercis aut Iouis . In solo tanta est fiducia Nilo . Lucan .

3 The inhabitants of this Kingdome are very actiue , Inhabitants . liberall , giuen vnto feasting , somewhat superstitious , many of them Christians , but the greater part Mahumetans .

4 The chiefe cities are two , the first is Caire , once called Cities . Memphis , neere vnto which stands the Piramides of Aegypt , one of the seuen wonders of the worlde . The other is Alexandria , which was built by Alexander the Great , and wherein was the most famous Library of the world . This was the place also , where Ptolomie tooke all his obseruations .

5 In this Kingdome was inuented Astronomie , Physicke , Inuentions . and writing on paper : It was called Papirus , of the thing which it was made of , and in Latine Charta , of the place where it was inuented . Hond .

6 The gouernment of this once famous Region , was heretofore vnder Kings , whom they commonly called Gouernment Pharoes : but now belongeth to the trueth abhorring Turke .

CHAP. VI.

Of the chiefe Ilands in Africa .

THus much of the continent of Africa : now will I knit vnto it the description of the Ilands .

1 The Ilands of Africa are diuided into Diuision . two parts : into those which are in the Atlanticke Sea , and into those which are in the Aethiopicke Ocean .

2 Those Ilands which are in the Atlantick Sea of note , are onely the Canarie Ilands , the Gorgades , and the Iland of S. Thomas .

3 The Canarie , or Fortunate Ilands , are 7. of which the Canarie . chiefe is Madera , wherein there is great store of Suger , and Canary Wine . There is another , which is called Tanariffa , wherein is a mountaine so high , that the inhabitants haue all their fresh water from a cloude that droppeth there very fast , hanging about a tree .

4 The Gorgades are nine , all which are full of Goates , Gorgades . and subiect vnto the King of Spaine .

5 The Iland of Saint Thomas , lyeth directly vnder the Aequator , it is very plentifull of Suger , and a place vnto which the Portugals do much resort .

Of the Ilands in the Aethiopicke Sea .

1 THe Ilands of the Aethiopicke Ocean , are but two of Diuision . any fame : Magdagascar , and Zocotara .

2 Magdagascar , or the Iland of S. Iames , is a countrey Magdagascar . whose inhabitants are very cruell and barbarous , and in which there are great store of Elephants .

3 Zocotara is an Iland , in which the people are all Zocotara . Christians , and dwell in Caues , and great holes .

CHAP. VII .

Of Asia .

HItherto haue I scorcht my selfe in the heate of Africa , now therefore of the temperate Continent of Asia .

1 Asia is in euery place begirt with the Sea , vnlesse it be towards the Westerne Limits . parts , where it is limited from Europe with the Riuer Tanais , and a line directly drawne vp vnto the Port of Saint Nicholas . And from Africa with that Istmus , betwixt the Arabick Gulfe , and the Mediterranean Sea .

2 This part of the world is farre more famous then any other : For here was the place where the Monarkes of the Medes , Persians , Babilonians , & Assirians flourished . Here was the place in which all the actes and monuments of the olde Testament , and almost in the new , were accomplished . And here was , and is , the place where the Myracles of our Sauiour were done , for euer to be celebrated .

3 The fruitfulnesse of this great Continent is very Qualitie . much , for it doth containe within it , almost plentie of euery thing .

4 The inhabitants of it , are generally very wittie , for Inhabitants . from hence sprang all the Sciences which the Greekes haue learned of the Hebrewes .

5 The chiefe Riuers of Asia , are Iaxartes , Euphrates , Tigris , Riuers Indus , and Ganges .

6 Two other things there are in this part worthy to be noted : First , is the Mountaine Taurus , which diuides whole Asia into two parts , being in length 5625. miles , & in breadth 375. Next , is Mare Caspium , a Sea which hath no entercourse with any part of the Ocean .

7 This Asia is diuided into sixe great Gouernements , Diuision . into that of Moscouia in Asia , which I haue before described : Into Turcia Asiana , Tartarie , Persia , India , & China .

OF TVRCIA ASIANA .

1 VNder the Turkes Empire in Asia , are comprehended Diuision . Natolia , or Asia minor : Turcomania , Syria , or Palestina : and Arabia .

OF NATOLIA .

2 NAtolia , or Asia minor , is limited on the West with Limits . the Archipelago , on the South with the Mediterranean Sea , on the East with the Riuer Euphrates , and on the North with Pontus Euxinus .

3 This Countrey is very fruitfull and temperat , but Qualitie . by reason of the Turkes tyranny , it lyeth very waste , and not inhabited . For in it may be seene the ruines of 4000. Townes and Cities .

4 The inhabitants are most idle , lazy , and in religion Inhabitants . Mahumetans . Once they were all Christians , for with them were the seuen churches , which S. Iohn in his Apochalips did write vnto .

5 The chiefe Prouinces of Natolia are 8 , Pontus , & Bithinia : Asia propria , or Sarrum : Licia , Pamphilia , Galatia , Prouinces . Cappadocia , and Cylicia .

6 In Pontus and Bithinia , there are two famous cities , Pontus & Bithinia . the one called Nice , where the first generall Councell was held : the other Chalcedon , where the fourth was held . These Prouinces were once gouerned by Mithridates , who was the first finder out of Metridate .

7 In Asia Propria , or Sarcum , there are many things Asia propria worthy the obseruation : as first , Phrigia maior , of which Midas was King : next Phrigia minor , wherein are to be seene the ruines of olde Troy , and in which stands Pergamus , where Gallen , that famous Physitian was borne . In this country also liued Gordius , who knit the knot , which for the intricatenesse therof was called Nodus Gordianus . The next is Lidia , in which liued rich King Craessus . The next is Ionia , wherein stands that famous citie Ephesus , most renowned for the great Temple of Diana , which was in it , accounted to bee one of the wonders of the world . This is also one of the seuen Cities which Saint Iohn in the Reuelation wrote vnto , and vnto which Saint Paule did direct one of his Epistles . In this Prouince is also Smirna , an other of the seuen Cities , and in which Policarpus ( that was Bishoppe there ) liued , who sometimes had beene Scholler vnto Saint Iohn the Euangelist . The next , is Halicarnassus , wherein Dionisius and Heroditus , those famous Historiographers liued . The last of any fame , is the riuer Meandrus , which hath 600. turnings .

8 In Licia little is to be noted , onely that there stand Licia . some ruines of the Temple of Apollo , and that S. Nicholas liued there .

9 In Pamphilia stands the Citie of Seleucia , built Pamphilia . by Seleucus , one of the foure great successours of Alexander .

10 In Galatia were the people vnto whome Saint Galatia . Paule writ one of his Epistles : And this also is one of the Prouinces , where the Iewes were dispersed .

11 In Capadocia is that flourishing Citie of Trepizond , Capadocia . which in times past was a Citie Imperiall .

12 In Cilicia is the Citie Tarsus , where S. Paule was Cilicia . borne , & vnto which Ionas fled , when hee was commanded to goe vnto Niniuie .

13 The last Prouince is Armenia minor , in which there Armenia the lesse . is great store of Oyle , and excellent Wine .

OF TVRCOMANIA .

14 TVrcomania , or Armenia maior , is bounded on the Limites . West with the Riuer Euphrates , and Pontus Euxinus , on the South with Mesopotamia , on the East with Media , and Mare Caspium , and on the North with part of Tartaria .

15 The inhabitants of this Region , are great robbers , Inhabitants liuing after the manner of the basest sort of Tartars , that is , vnder tents , going from one place vnto another in companies .

16 The chiefe Prouinces are two , the first is Georgia , Prouinces . seated on the bankes of the Caspian Sea , wherein the inhabitants do chiefly worship Saint George : The other is Colchus , from whence Iason did fetch the Golden Fleece .

17 In this Turcomania , the thing which is most famous , is , that the Arke of Noe did first rest it selfe vpon the Mountaines of Armenia , now called Nohae montes .

Of Syria , or Palestina .

18 SYria , Palestine , or the Holy land , is limited on the Limits . West with Mare Mediterraneum : on the South with Arabia , on the East with Mesopotamia , and on the North with the mountaine Libanus . This countrey is in compasse 200. miles .

19 The inhabitants of it were once so many , that it did Inhabitants . containe in it 30. Kings : and when Dauid did command the people to be numbred , there were found 1300000. fighting men . But at this time there are very few , & those Christians of euery sect , and Saracens .

20 The fruitfulnesse of this Kingdome doth chiefly Qualitie . consist of Wines , whose Grapes do grow in such aboundance , that they are gathered thrice in a yeare : They haue also great store of Apples , and Lemons .

21 The Prouinces which this Region is diuided into , Prouinces . are foure , Gallilie , Samaria , Iudaea , and Idumea .

22 Gallily is diuided into the higher and lower . In the Gallilie . higher is Phinicia , vnder which is comprehended Tire & Sidon . In the lower is Nazareth , where Christ was borne : and in it is also the Mountaine Tabor , where our Sauiour was transfigured .

23 In the Prouince of Samaria , stood that great city of Samaria . Samaria , the ruines of which are yet to be seene : and not farre from thence the citie Sichar , where Christ desired water of a certaine woman .

24 In the Prouince of Iudaea stood the once famous Iudaea . Citie of the world , called Ierusalem , where the Sepulchre of Christ is to be seene : and not farre from thence stood Bethlaem , where he was borne . There is also in this Prouince , an hearbe called Bachara , whose colour is like vnto a flame , and in the euening shineth like vnto a Sunne-beame , which if any one come to plucke it vp , it wil wag from him , vntill the vrine of a woman bee sprinkled on it . Iosephus de Bello Iudaico , Lib. 7.

25 The chiefe Riuers and Lakes of these Prouinces , Riue are foure . The first is Iordan , which springeth out of the Mountaine Libanus , so called of Ior and Dan , two riuers which meete together . The second is the Lake of Gallilie . The third is the Lake of Genazareth , or Tiberia , famous for our Sauiours sailing in it . The fourth and last , is Mare Mortuum , or the Dead Sea , into which Iordan is disburdened . At the top of this Lake swimmeth Pitch and Brimstone , from whence reaketh such a stinking mist , that it killeth all the birds that flye ouer it , and maketh the Apples that grow by it , being faire in shew , very rotten . Moreouer , the water is of that nature , that if an Oxe were throwne in with his feete bound , hee will not sinke . Iosephus Solinus , 48. Chap.

OF ARABIA .

26 ARabia is encompast on the West with the Red Sea , Limites . on the South with the maine Ocean , on the East with Sinus Persicus , and on the North with Syria , and Mesopotamia .

27 It is diuided into three parts , into Arabia Deserta , Diuision . Petrosa , and Foelix .

28 In Arabia Deserta nothing is worth the obseruing , but that it was the place where God did keepe the children of Israell for the space of 40. yeares , feeding them with Manna from heauen .

29 Of Arabia Petrosa , little can be spoken , onely that there stands the Mountaine Sinay , where God gaue the Tables of the Law vnto Moses .

30 Arabia Foelix , is one of the most fruitfullest Countries in the world , hauing in it Franchincense , mirrhe , & most pretious Balmes , which are in no other places to be found .

31 The chiefe Citie is Mediua , where Mahumet was intombed in an yron Coffin , which being carried into a Temple , the roofe whereof was made of Adamant , is attracted vnto the toppe of the Vault , and there hangeth , being supported by nothing .

32 The inhabitants of this Region , are superstitious , Inhabitants and in all their doings very vnconstant . They are in their Religion Mahometans . And as we reckon our time from the yeare of our Lord , so they from the time of Mahomet , whose comming they haue long expected : saying , there were three great Prophets , Moses , Christ , and Mahomet . And as the Doctrine of Moses was bettered by Christ , so was the Doctrine of Christ mended by Mahomet .

Thus much concerning the Turkes Dominions in Asia .

OF TARTARIA .

1 TArtarie is limited on the North with the Scithian Limites . Sea , on the East with the East Ocean , on the South with the Indies , and the Wall of China , and on the West with Moscouia , and Sarmatia .

2 The inhabitants of this Countrey are of a meane Inuentions . stature , large in the shoulders , broad in the face , hauing flat Noses , and long Beardes . They marrie as many wiues as they will , liuing abroad in Tents made of the skinnes of Beastes : thinking it a great vnhappinesse , if they remaine in one place longer then the pastures haue meate for their Cattell . They eate the raw flesh of Horses , onely a little scorcht in the Sunne , not respecting how they were killed , or what diseases they died of . When they thirst , they let their Horses blood , and then sucke till they bee satisfied . They cannot abide Hogges flesh . And for their Religion , they are both Pagans and Saracens .

3 The chiefe Prouinces of Tartarie are fiue , Tartaria Prouinces . minor , Tartaria Asiatica , Tartaria Antiqua , Zagathay , or Scithia intra Imaum montem , Cathaia , or Scithia extra Imaum montem .

4 In Tartarie the lesse , is Horda Precopensium , which liue in the fieldes about Pontus Euxinus , Meotis Palus , and about Taurica Chersonesus . These are all subiect vnto the Turke .

5 In Tartaria Asiatica , lying betweene the Riuer Tanays , and the Caspian Sea , are many Hordes , amongst the which the cheife are Horda Astinchanensis , and Casanensis , both beeing subiect vnto the Moscouite .

6 In Tartaria Antiqua , are the Kingdomes of Gogge , and Magogge , from whence the Tartares first had their beginning , and from whence came King Tabor .

7 In Zargathay , or Scithia intra Imaum montem , is Samarchand , lying betweene the Riuer Iaxartes and Oxus , where Tamburline liued , that went into the field against Baiazeth the Turke , with seuen hundred thousand Tartares .

The chiefe and Metropolitane Citie of it is Richend , a place of great Trafficke .

8 In Cathayo , or Scithia extra Imaum montem , is the Citie of Cambalowe , the chiefe seate of the Great Cham , beeing in compasse twenty foure miles . In this part also is the mountaine Altay , where they intombe alwayes the bodie of their Great Cham , which whyle they carrie the dead corpes vnto the Mountayne , they kill all they meete , and bid them goe and serue their Maister in another world .

9 This part of Tartarie or Carthayo extra Imaum montem , Gouernment is gouerned onely by one , who is called the Great Cham , whose word stands for a lawe , and is titled of his subiects , Filius Dei , Vmbra Dei , & Anima Dei.

OF PERSIA .

1 PErsia is limited on the West with Sinus Persicus , on Limits . the North with Mare Caspium , and the riuer Oxus , on the South with the maine Ocean , and on the East with Indus Fluius .

2 This mightie Region hath in it great store of mettals Qualitie . and pretious stones , as much flourishing in faire Riuers and Lakes , as poore in fruits , hauing no trees but onely Palmes .

3 The inhabitants of this Kingdome are very courteous , Inhabitants . affecting hospitalitie , addicted much vnto Poetry and Physicke , and among whom Nobilitie is highly esteemed . They are of Religion for the most part Mahumetans , Religion . but such as the Turkes call Scismatickes .

4 The Prouinces of this great Gouernement are sixteene , Prouinces . Mesopotamia , Assiria , Chaldaea , Susiana , Farsus , Germania , Parthia , Hyrcania , Gedrosia , Drangiana , Aria , Margiana , Aracosia , Parapomissus , and Brachana .

5 Mesopotamia , quasi mesos potamos , lieth betweene the Mesopotam . riuer Tigris and Euphrates , in which , some thinke , stood the terrestiall Paradise , and that from hence came the wise men , which brought presents vnto Christ , beeing guided by a starre . This countrey is now subiect vnto the Turke .

6 Assiria is very famous for the great Citie Niniuie , Assiria . which stood in it , vnto which Ionas was commanded by God to go and preach . This is also subiect vnto the Turk .

7 Chaldaea is renowned for that great citie of Babylon , Chaldaea . one of the seuen wonders of the world , & from whence came the confusion of tongues . Here was that famous Erithea , the fift Sybil , that prophesied of the comming of Christ .

8 Of the other Prouinces nothing I finde worth the noting , and there fore omit them .

9 The chiefe and Metropolitane Citie , is Persepolis , seated vpon the Riuer Bindimire .

10 This Kingdome of Persia is gouerned by one , Gouernment whom they call the Sophy .

Of the East Indies .

1 INdia Orientalis , or the East Indies , is bounded on the Limits . West with the riuer Indus , on the North with the Mountaine Taurus , on the East with China , and on the South with the maine Ocean .

2 This country doth exceed any other in fruit , which is Qualitie . gathered there twise in a yere . There are also such a huge kind of Mastiffe Dogges , that for strength they are able to contend with Lions . There are great store of Elephants , white Apes , Camels , Dragons , and an innumerable company of Serpents , which are as big as any man , the inhabitants eating them as commonly as we do any meate .

3 The inhabitants are a mixt sort of people , beeing Inhabitāti . Persians , Scithians , Arabians , Hebrewes , & some Christians . They are commonly ingenious , much inclined vnto all Sciences . They adore one sole God , which they paint with three heads , but cannot giue a reason for it .

4 India is diuided into two parts , India infra Gangem , and India extra Gangem .

De India within Ganges .

5 INdia intra Gangem , is inuironed on the West with the Limits . riuer Indus , on the South with the maine Ocean , on East with Sinus Bengala , and the Riuer Ganges , and on the North with part of the Mountaine Taurus .

6 This part is diuided into fortie seuen Kingdoms , Prouinces . among which there are onely fiue of any note , Cambaia , Decan , Malabar , Narsinga , and Delly .

7 In the Kingdome of Cambaia , the people are so Cambaia . ceremonious and superstitious , that they will not eate any thing that hath had life in it . They are great Idolaters , liuing in due obseruance of their King , who is a most valiant Prince . The chiefe Citie is Cambaia , wherein if any one dye , they presently burne his body , that it may dissolue into his proper elements . Hondius in tabulis .

8 Decan is a Kingdome made famous by the Portugalls , Decan . which lye continually in the great Citie of Goa . Not farre from this citie is a place , which if the hornes of any Beast bee cast , they will take roote and grow vp out of the ground . Hugo a Linschotten in cap. 61. of the description of the Indies .

9 In Malabar stands the Citie Calicute , the inhabitants Malabar . of which doe worshippe the Diuell : the King of it is titled by his subiects Samori , which signifieth God on earth . They are very skilfull Souldiours , vsing when they goe vnto Warre , to tye vnto the hilts of their Swordes Shingles of Copper , or Siluer , the sound whereof in steed of Trumpets and Drummes , encourageth them vnto fight . By the lawe of their Countrey they may not marry , but are allowed women in common .

10 Narsinga , is a land fruitfull in euery thing , vnlesse Narsinga . it bee Horses . The chiefe Citie in it is Bisnagar , in which the people when they dye are burned : and if they were marryed , their wiues doe come and leape into the fire , willing to dye with them .

11 The last is the Kingdome of Delly ; in which the Delly . chiefe and Metropolitane Citie is Delly , where the great Mogor doth alwayes keepe his Court.

12 The gouernment of all these Kingdomes are vnder Gouernment the great Mogor , vnlesse it be Narsinga , and Calicute , which haue free Princes .

Of India without Ganges .

13 INdia extra Gangem , is limited on the West with Sinus Limits . Bengala , and the Riuer Ganges , on the South with the maine Sea , on the East with part of China , and the East Sea , and on the North with part of the Mountaine Taurus .

14 The chiefe Prouinces of this part of the Indies are Prouinces . three , Pegu , Siam , and Chauchin china .

15 In Pegu there are most beautifull Parrats , and great Pegu. store of ciuet Cats . The chiefe city is Pegu.

16 In Siam there are many Schooles , the inhabitants Siam . whereof are great Idolaters , worshipping the higher Elements : And when any one dyeth with them , they will not bury them in the earth , but hang them vp in the aire , rather wishing the Birdes which are heauenly , to eate them , then the worms which are earthly to touch them . In this Prouince is also Comboia , the people of which do thinke themselues and all other men to bee of the same nature that brute beasts are . Hondius .

17 In Chauchinchina , there is great store of gold , siluer , and Purceline , of which the Purceline dishes are made . Chauchinchina . The inhabitants in many places of this countrey , are Anthropophagi , or men eaters .

18 This part of the Indies was once gouerned by the King of Paga , and Siam , but now is brought in subiection Gouernment vnto one sole King , who is King of Barma , keeping his Court in the Citie of Odia , in which are contained 200000. Citizens .

OF CHINA .

1 CHina is bounded on the West with India , and the riuer Cautan , on the South with Chauchinchina , on Limits . the East with the East Ocean , and on the North with a wall of 600. miles in length , which defends it from the inuasion of the Tartares .

2 This Kingdome is not onely held to bee the chiefe of all Asia , but of al the world , being so fertil , that it doth Qualitie . both yeeld what is fitting for humane life , and whatsoeuer the delicate and effeminate appetite of man may lust after .

3 The inhabitants of it are very witty , politicke , great Inhabitants . Mathematicians , conceiuing so well of themselues , that they are accustomed to say , that themselues haue two eies , the people of Europe one , & the residue of the other Nations none .

4 Vnder this great kingdome are comprehended 15. Prouinces , the least of which exceeds in largenesse the greatest in Europe , and in them are contained 70. Kinges , which are all subiect vnto the King of China . The inhabitants are so many also , that they exceede the number of 70000000. And the cities and townes stand so thicke , that the whole kingdome seemeth as one mighty citie .

5 The chiefe thinges which are to bee obserued , in these Prouinces , are first , that there are some of the inhabitants which dwell in houses vpon the Sea , buying , selling , and keeping market as they doe in any towne . And in many plaines they haue houses running vpon wheels , with sayles at the top of them , that when they will go vnto any place , they tarry onely for a winde to driue them . There is also in this Kingdome the great City of Quinzay , whose circuit is 100. miles , hauing in it 1600000. inhabitants , and 12000. stone bridges , among which there are some so high , that a great Shippe with top-saile may passe vnder them . In the middle of this Citie , there is a Lake thirtie miles in compasse , in which there are two goodly Ilands . Some put this Citie in Tartarie , some in China , others in the confines of both : but wheresoeuer it is , it is much ruinated since the time of Paulus Venetius , who maketh a full description of it .

6 This great kingdome is gouerned by one sole king , Gouernment who is called of his subiects the Lord of the world , & the sonne of the shining Sunne .

CHAP. VIII .

Of the Ilands in Asia .

THus farre haue I rashly run ouer the Continent of Asia : now therefore will I linke vnto it the description of the Ilands belonging thereunto .

1 The Asian Ilands are diuided into those in the Mediterranean Sea , and those which are in the Indian Ocean .

Of the Ilands in the Mediterranean Sea .

2 THe chiefe Ilands in the Mediterranean Sea , are only Diuision . two , Rodes , and Cyprus .

3 The Iland Rodes is very famous for many things , Rodes . but chiefly for three : The first is , that the Sunne was neuer so maskt with a cloud , but that once in a day shee did shine vpon this Iland . The second is , that the great piller of the Sunne offered by the Gentiles vnto Iupiter , stood in this I le , made in the forme of a mighty huge man . The third & last is , that the order of the Knights of the Rodes was held in this place .

13 The Iland Cyprus is very fuitfull , but little famous . Cyprus .

De Insulis In Mari Indico .

5 THe chiefe Ilands in the Indian Ocean , are Ormus , Diuision . Zeilan , Samatra , Aureae Iusulae , Borneo , Iaua Maior , Iaua Minor , Iapan , the Molucco , and the Philippian Ilands .

6 Ormus is of it selfe a kingdome , and commaundeth Ormus . most part of the Persian gulfe : it is exceeding barren , but the Citie Ormus ( in which the Portugals doe hold a strong Castle ) is so faire and full of trade , that they say there , if the world were a ring , Ormus ought to bee the stone thereof .

7 The Ile Zeilan is seated in Sinus Bengala , in which Zeilan . there are Fieldes whose grasse continually groweth , and Trees that are laden with fruit all the yeare long . Insomuch that some did thinke , that this was the place where Paradise stood . This Iland is subiect vnto the Mogor , notwithstanding the Portugalls doe hold a strong Castle in it .

8 The Iland Samatra lyeth directly vnder the Aequator , Samatra . hauing in it a Fountaine which sendeth foorth water , that if it bee put into fire , doth not quench it , but makes it burne more vehemently . In it is also a Mountaine which sendeth foorth continuall flames of fire . The inhabitants of this Iland are Anthropophagi .

9 In Iaua Maior , the inhabitants are excellent Seamen , Iaua Maior great Pirats , which acknowledge Mahumet , and liue vpon Cats and Mise . Yet this Iland for the extraordinarie fruitfulnesse of it , was called by Scaliger , the Compendium of the world .

10 In Iaua Minor little is worth the noting , onely that Iaua Minor it doth flourish with Spices .

11 In the Iland Iapan , the inhabitants are very superstitious , Iapan . and great Idolaters , washing their children so soone as they bee borne in Riuers . They will neuer also come into the roomes where they dine or eate any thing , with their shooes on their feete , but keepe the places ( as they tearme it ) hallowed . This Iland hath very much golde in it , insomuch that Paule Venetus doth affirme , that in his time the Kings Palace was couered with gold .

12 The Moluccoe Ilands are famous for the great Moluccoes plenty of spices which are in them . There is also in these Isles a Bird , called Monicodiata , which hath no feete , continually flying without intermission . The female of this Bird doth lay her egges when shee breedes in a hole which is in the backe of the Male , like vnto a nest , & these are neuer taken before they dye and fall vpon the earth .

The inhabitants of these Ilands go naked , and are great Idolaters .

13 The Philippian Ilands lye North of the Moluccoes , Philippians the ayre being very temperate , bringeth forth all kind of Spices .

CHAP. IX .

De America , siue India Orientali .

HAuing discourst of three parts of the world , Europe , Africa , and Asia , I will now venter on the last & greatest part , which is America .

1 America is inuironed on the East with the maine Ocean , on the South Limits . with the Straights of Magelane , on the West with Mare Del Zur , or Pacificum , and on the north with the vnknowne Land .

2 This part of the world , was first discried by Christopher Columbus , in the yeare 1492. and then after that made better knowne by Americus Vesputius , of whome it is called vnto this day America .

3 The fruitfulnesse of this soyle is to be admired , for Qualitie . in it are wonderfull store of Spices , Birdes , and Fishes . There is also gold in such plenty , that the Spaniards haue reported they haue digged in some places more Golde then earth . The chiefest want in this part are Horses , of which they haue few or none , and which was the occasion , that when the Spaniards brought Horses in the battell against them , they fell down astonished , thinking that when the horses neighed , they had spoken vnto them .

4 The inhabitants of this mighty Territory , are most Inhabitants . barbarous , being in some places men eaters , they are altogether ignorant and vnlearned , which was the cheiefe cause that they conceited themselues , when any one of the Spaniards did read a letter , the Diuel told him the contents . They are ignorant of the vse of yron , and estimate glasse aboue gold . To conclude , they are excellent runners , and swimmers .

5 This fourth part of the world , is chiefly vnder the Gouernment King of Spaine , and is diuided first into two parts , Mexicana , and Peruana , afterwards subdiuided as followeth .

DE MEXICANA .

1 MExicana is limited on the east with Mare Del Norte , Limits . on the West with Mare Del Zur , on the South with an Istmus , betwixt Peruana and it , and on the North with the vnknowne land .

2 In this part of America are many Prouinces , the Prouinces . chief of which are Quiuira , Mexicana , Nicaragua , Iucatan , Florida , Virginia , Norumbega , Noua Francia , Terra Cortealis , and Estotiland .

3 The Prouince of Quiuira extendeth it selfe vnto Sinus Quiuira . Califormia , being a most dry and barren ground .

4 The Prouince of Mexicana was first found out by Mexicana . Ferdinando Cortesius , in the yeare 1518. There are in this place many Riuers , in which breede great store of Crocadiles , whose bodies the inhabitants doe eate . There are also many mines of golde . And there is a mountaine called Popochampeche , which doth continually vomit forth flames of fire . The chiefe and Metropolitane citie of this Prouince , or of whole America , is Mexico , in which the Prorex for Spaine doth lie , and in which there is both money coyned , and bookes printed .

5 The next is Nicaragua , wherin is a great lake which Nicaragua . hath no entercourse with the Sea , and yet doth ebbe & flow as the Sea doth . The people in this place are more manlike then others , both in behauiour and shape .

6 In Iucatan Chersonesus , the chiefe citie is Guatimala , Iucatan . where another Vice-Roy for Spaine doth lye . The inhabitants of this Countrey did adore the Crosse before Cortez comming .

7 Terra Florida ( so called of the French , who first Terra Florida . founded it ) hath in it many Prouinces , whereof Panuca is one , in which the people are very warlike , but butcherously minded , killing all the captiues they take , and eating them . Furthermore , they neuer marry vntil they be 40. yeares of age , and liue most vpon Serpents & worms . There is another place in this Prouince , called Alberdosia , wherin the women let their children sucke vntil they be 12. yeares of age .

8 Virginia ( so nominated of our late Queene ) was first Virginia . found out by Sir Walter Rawleigh , who gaue it that name . Of this Countrey what may be spoken more at large , see the discourse of Master Harriot , and Master Hackant .

9 Norumbega ( so called of certaine fishes which are Norumbega . in it of that name . ) The chiefe Citie of it is Norumbega .

10 Noua Frauncia lyeth neere vnto that great Sinus of Noua Francia . Saint Laurence . It was discouered and taken first of the French men , vnder Frauncis the first of France . The inhabitants of this Prouince haue little boats made of leather , which they vse to fish in , & when they haue done to take them vp at their backe , and carry them away .

11 Terra Cortealis , is little famous , vnlesse it be for a riuer Terra Cortealis . there , which is called the three brothers .

12 Estotiland was first found out by Anthony Zenus a Estotiland . Venetian , neere vnto which lyeth Fretum Dauis , where they haue sought oftentimes for a passage vnto the Moluccoes & China , but it could not be effected . Not far from this lyeth Newfound-land , from whence commeth most of our fish . And in the North part lyeth a land , called by Sir Frauncis Drake , Noua Albion , of which nothing can bee certainely spoken .

13 Thus farre of the Prouinces of Mexicana , now followeth the description of Peruana .

De Peruana .

PEruana is in euery place inuironed with the Sea , vnlesse Limits . it be towards the North , where it is ioyned vnto Mexicana , by a little Istmus .

2 This part of America doth chiefly flourish with gold , Qualitie . pretious stones , Spices , Suger , & strange hearbs , among which is that hearbe Tobaco , which is so much , and idely vsed amongst vs .

3 The inhabitants of this place are generally cruell , Inuentions . rude , barbarous , and men eaters , not vnlike vnto those of Mexicana : They go naked , and if they take any man captiue , they slice his body out into collops , and broile it vpon the coales , making mery so long as that indures them . They are towards the South part mighty great men , being all Idolaters , worshipping the Diuell , or some monstrous mishapen Idole .

4 The chiefe Riuer of this Southerne part of America , Riuers . are three , the Riuer Amazon , Maragon , and the golden Riuer Rio , or de la Plate , in which there is found much gold and siluer .

5 This Peruana is diuided into foure great Prouinces Diuision . or Kingdomes , Castella Aurea , Peru , Chile , and Brasile : In each of which the King of Spaine hath his Agents .

6 Castella Aurea , doth comprehend in it the whole Istmus , Castella Aurea . which doth linke and tye the two parts of America together . In it are the two famous Ports or Hauens , in which the Spanish Ships are either laden for Spaine , or disburdened for America . The one called Theomina , or Nombre de Dios , the other Panamais .

7 Peru is limited on the North with Castella Aurea , on Peru. the West with Mare Pacificum , or the calme Sea , on the South with Chile , and on the East with a Mediterranean vnknowne . This place was found out by Frauncis Pizarus , in the yeare 1525.

8 The inhabitants of this Region are great Idolaters , Inhabitants . worshipping in some places blacke filthy sheepe , in other places Serpents . They are also such great men of person , that the Spaniards haue found teeth of them that were three fingers in breadth , and foure in length .

9 The fruitfulnesse of this countrey doth chiefly excell Qualitie . in the hearbe Tobaco , and Cocam , which if it be put into any mans mouth , it quencheth his thirst . And there is a certaine Beast , that when hee runneth away hath a bag hanging downe vnder his belly , into which his young ones conuey themselues . There is also such plenty of Gold , that the inhabitants care not for it , and when the Spaniards came thither first , they shooed their Horses with it . In this Prouince are the three riuers before mentioned in the generall description of Peruana .

10 The chiefe citie of this Kingdome is Michaelia , Citie . in which lyeth a Protex for Spaine .

11 Chile doth flourish in many things , but that which Chile . is of greatest note , there is a Riuer which in the day time doth runne , and in the night standeth still : the reason is , because this riuer lyeth vnder Mountaines , on which snow falling , in the day is dissolued , in the night congealed . The chiefe and Metropolitan City of this Prouince , is the citie of Saint Iames , in which lyeth another Protex for Spaine .

12 Brasile is extended from the riuer Maragon , vnto Brasile . the straights of Mageian .

13 The inhabitants of this large Prouince , are sine Fide , Inhabitants Lege , & Rege : that is , without faith , law , or King . They are also such excellent swimmers , that they can tary vnder water for the space of an houre . They are very great dissemblers , shedding teares ( which they haue alwayes in readinesse ) when any of their friends come vnto them .

14 The fruitfulnesse of this Countrey lyeth much in Qualitie . Sugar , and a wood called Brasile , which is transported from thence into many parts of Europe . In this Country is also that Beast , called Pigritia , which in fifteene dayes will be going as farre as one can throw a stone . Here are also many strange Hearbes , whereof two are of most note . The first is the hearbe Copaibas , of which the excellent Balsomum is made , that cureth all greene wounds . The other is an hearbe , which of the Portugals is called Sentida , of Lincotanus Sentiens , and of others Viua , whose qualitie is , that if any one throw any thing vnto it , or touch it , it will shut his leaues , and will not open them vntill the partie which did displease it be departed Here are also neere vnto the Sea-shore , Fishes which will flye like vnto birds . And to conclude , here are trees of that bignesse , that there are as many families dwelling in one of the limbs of them , as are in some Parishes of England . Magin .

CAP. X.

De America Insulis .

THus farre of the continent and Kings contained in America : Now onely remaines the description of some few and particu-Ilands , and then I haue finished what in fine I wished .

1 The Ilands of America are diuided into those which Diuision . are in Mari Del Nort , and those in Mari del Zur .

2 The knowne Ilands in Mari Del Nort , are fiue , Hispaniola , Iamaica , Cuba , Caribum , and Cimbubon .

3 In the Iland Hispaniola there are many mynes of Hispaniola . Golde . The chiefe Citie in it , is Saint Dominicke , in which the Archbishop therof doth continually lye . This was the Iland which Columbus did first finde out .

4 In Iamaica , or the Iland of Saint Iames , little is to be Iamaica . obserued , onely that in it there is a Citie called Siuill , in which there is a faire Abby .

5 In the Iland Cuba , the Metropolitan Citie is Hauana , Cuba . so called , because it is the Hauen where all the Ships doe succour themselues , which come from Spaine vnto Peru , or the contrary .

6 In the Iland Caribum , the inhabitants are all Anthropophagi : Caribum . And from hence is brought that woade which is called Guaicum , or Lignum Sanctum .

7 In the Iland Cimbubon , there is a Tree very famous Cimbubon . for his leaues , which when they fall vnto the earth , doe creepe , hauing on either side thinges like vnto two feete , besides , if one offer to touch or come neere vnto them , they will moue , and offer to run away . Guilandinus reporteth it , and Scaliger in his 112. exercise against Cardanus .

De Insulis in Mari Del Zur .

1 IN Mari Del Zur , there are onely three Ilands which Haccari . are knowne , called Hacari , in which are great store of Golde .

Quem nos depictum vix recte aspeximus orbem , Solius verbi fabrica sola fuit . Illi igitur terrae qui fundamenta locauit , Sit soli nostro gloria sola Deo .

FINIS .