A
BEWAYLING
OF
THE
PEACE
OF
GERMANY
.
OR
,
A
Discourse
touching
the
PEACE
of
PRAGVE
,
no
lesse
unhappily
than
unjustly
concluded
at
PRAGUE
in
BOHEMIA
,
the
30.
of
May
,
1635.
Wherein
the
subtilties
and
practises
of
the
Austrians
,
the
weakenesse
of
the
Saxons
,
the
dangers
of
the
Protestants
,
and
the
justnesse
of
the
Warre
,
deservedly
set
on
foot
by
the
French
and
Swedes
,
are
most
evidently
declared
.
Written
in
Latine
by
Iustus
Asterius
,
otherwise
Stella
,
a
Germane
,
now
one
of
the
Advocates
in
the
Court
of
Parliament
of
Paris
,
and
Historiographer
to
the
French
King
.
Faithfully
translated
out
of
the
Latine
Copie
.
Whereunto
is
prefixed
a
briefe
Summarie
of
the
Treaty
of
Peace
concluded
at
Prague
,
as
aforesaid
,
&c.
Published
by
Authority
.
JEREM.
6.
v.
14.
and
8.
v.
11.
They
have
healed
the
hurt
of
the
daughter
of
my
people
slightly
,
saying
,
Peace
,
peace
,
when
there
is
no
peace
.
LONDON
,
Printed
by
I.
L.
for
I
H.
and
are
to
be
sold
in
Pauls
Church-yard
,
at
the
signe
of
the
golden
Lyon
.
1637.
THE
CHIEFE
HEADS
AND
CONCLVSIONS
OF
THE
TREATIE
OF
Peace
held
at
Prague
,
are
contained
in
the
three
Extracts
ensuing
.
-
I.
A
Summarie
Extract
out
of
the
Treatie
of
Peace
made
and
concluded
betwixt
the
Emperour
and
the
Elector
of
Saxonie
,
at
Prague
,
the
30.
day
of
May
,
1635.
-
II.
An
Extract
of
the
Agreement
made
betwixt
the
Emperour
and
the
said
Elector
of
Saxonie
,
touching
the
ioyning
of
their
Armes
together
.
-
III.
An
Extract
translated
word
for
word
out
of
the
said
Treatie
,
touching
the
Palatinate
in
particular
.
I.
An
Abridgement
of
the
Treatie
of
the
Peace
.
THE
Revenues
of
th
Church
,
which
were
possessed
by
the
Protestants
,
before
the
Treatie
of
Passaw
,
shall
remaine
entirely
in
the
same
state
they
were
setled
in
by
the
said
Treatie
of
Passaw
.
The
Church-Revenues
possessed
by
them
since
the
said
Treatie
,
shall
be
left
unto
them
for
the
space
of
fortie
yeeres
,
upon
the
conditions
more
specially
contained
and
expressed
in
this
agreement
,
as
well
for
the
Spirituall
,
as
for
the
Temporall
.
And
ten
yeeres
before
the
expiration
of
the
said
Terme
,
the
best
endeavour
shall
be
used
to
make
a
finall
accord
,
for
so
much
as
concerneth
the
said
Possessions
of
the
Church
,
and
that
which
dependeth
of
them
:
But
if
that
cannot
be
done
,
it
shall
then
be
in
the
power
of
the
Emperour
to
make
a
decision
of
the
difference
:
And
in
the
meane
time
,
there
shall
no
more
Church-Possessions
be
taken
away
from
the
Catholikes
.
The
Archbishoprick
of
Magdebourg
shall
remaine
to
Duke
Augustus
,
sonne
to
the
Elector
of
Saxonie
,
during
his
life
,
upon
such
conditions
as
are
expressed
in
this
agreement
as
well
for
the
Temporall
,
as
for
the
Spirituall
.
The
Elector
of
Saxonie
shall
have
the
Seignories
and
Bayliwickes
of
Querfurt
,
Iuterbock
,
Dama
,
and
Borck
;
which
Pieces
he
shall
hold
in
Fee
of
the
Archbishoprick
of
Magdebourg
.
The
Marquis
Christian
William
,
shall
have
12000
Rix-Dollars
given
him
by
the
yeere
out
of
the
Revenues
of
the
said
Archbishoprick
,
during
his
life
,
for
his
entertainment
.
The
Archduke
Leopold
William
,
the
Emperours
sonne
,
shall
have
,
amongst
other
things
,
the
Bishoprick
of
Halberstadt
.
The
Nobilitie
and
Gentrie
of
the
Empire
shall
be
left
to
their
free
exercise
of
the
Confession
of
Auspurgh
;
as
shall
also
those
Imperiall
Cities
,
which
shall
conforme
themselves
to
this
Treatie
:
But
those
which
before
the
conclusion
of
the
said
Treatie
,
shall
have
accorded
alreadie
in
any
other
manner
with
the
Emperour
,
shall
hold
themselves
to
that
accord
.
The
Citie
of
Donawerth
shall
remaine
in
the
hands
of
the
Duke
of
Baviere
,
untill
he
be
re-embursed
his
charges
.
The
free
exercise
of
the
Confession
of
Auspurgh
shall
no
more
be
tolerated
for
the
time
to
come
in
the
Kingdome
of
Bohemia
,
nor
in
the
other
Hereditarie
Countries
of
the
Emperour
.
As
for
Silesia
,
the
Emperour
hath
given
his
resolution
by
it selfe
,
and
hath
made
a
particular
accord
with
the
Elector
of
Saxonie
,
for
Lusatia
.
The
propositions
made
by
the
Elector
of
Saxonie
,
That
the
Imperiall
Chamber
may
from
henceforth
be
divided
,
and
composed
of
persons
of
both
Religions
,
equall
in
number
;
are
put
off
unto
the
first
generall
Assembly
,
which
shall
be
holden
hereafter
:
In
the
meane
time
,
the
order
shal
be
observed
which
is
practised
in
the
said
Imperiall
Chamber
.
But
because
there
hath
been
no
Visitation
since
the
yeere
1600
,
there
shall
be
one
as
soone
as
possibly
may
be
extraordinarily
.
The
instruction
of
the
Assessors
and
Presidents
of
the
Court
Aulike
,
or
of
the
Councell
following
the
Emperors
person
,
shall
be
submitted
to
the
advice
of
all
the
Electors
but
the
said
Assessors
shall
not
be
of
both
Religions
,
in
equall
number
.
The
Protestant
Electors
,
Princes
,
and
States
,
shall
be
permitted
to
have
their
Agents
and
Sollicitors
in
the
said
Aulike
Court
.
The
Palatine
Electorate
,
and
the
Countries
belonging
to
it
,
shall
remaine
unto
the
Duke
of
Baviere
,
and
to
the
Line
of
Duke
William
his
father
,
according
as
the
Emperour
hath
ordered
:
And
that
which
his
Imperiall
Majestie
hath
decreed
touching
the
estates
of
some
of
the
Palatines
servants
,
shall
remaine
entire
as
it
is
.
The
Widow
of
the
Elector
Frederick
the
fourth
,
Count
Palatine
,
shall
enjoy
her
Iointure
,
for
so
much
as
she
can
make
appeare
to
be
due
unto
her
.
An
entertainment
of
a
Prince
shall
be
given
to
the
children
of
Frederick
the
proscribed
,
if
they
doe
in
due
manner
humble
themselves
towards
the
Emperour
:
But
this
not
to
be
done
as
a
thing
due
,
but
of
his
Imperiall
grace
.
The
heires
of
the
Count
Tilly
deceased
shall
have
400000
Rix-Dollars
out
of
the
Revenues
of
the
Duchy
of
Brunswick
,
payable
in
eight
yeres
,
with
interest
after
five
in
the
hundred
,
untill
it
be
fully
payd
:
and
in
the
meane
time
,
they
shall
keepe
that
which
is
morgaged
unto
them
.
If
the
Dukes
of
Meckelburgh
doe
accept
these
Articles
of
Pacification
,
they
shall
be
received
into
the
Amnestia
,
according
as
is
contained
in
the
particular
Order
made
concerning
that
matter
.
The
Electors
,
Princes
,
and
States
of
the
Confession
of
Auspurgh
shall
restore
to
the
Emperour
,
and
to
the
Catholike
Electors
,
Princes
,
&
States
,
his
assistants
,
as
also
unto
the
Duke
of
Lorraine
,
their
Countreyes
,
Lands
,
Seignories
,
Cities
,
Townes
,
Castles
,
and
all
that
belongs
unto
them
.
Yet
neverthelesse
,
they
shall
not
be
tyed
to
make
restitution
of
the
Revenues
received
,
nor
of
their
charges
expended
in
the
Warre
;
but
they
shall
not
carry
away
the
Ordnance
,
nor
their
moveable
goods
,
out
of
the
places
which
they
shall
give
up
.
Ayde
and
assistance
shall
be
given
,
by
a
conjunction
of
Armes
and
Forces
,
to
recover
that
which
the
Crowne
of
France
,
the
Crowne
of
Sweden
,
and
the
States
of
the
Empire
,
which
will
not
conforme
themselves
to
this
present
Treatie
,
doe
possesse
within
the
Empire
.
The
Emperour
and
his
assistants
shall
restore
the
Elector
of
Saxonie
,
and
those
of
his
party
,
their
subjects
,
vassalls
,
men
,
and
servants
,
to
the
possession
of
their
estates
,
if
they
accept
of
this
Treatie
;
excepting
those
,
whom
the
Emperour
hath
expressely
excluded
from
it
:
And
the
Elector
of
Saxonie
,
and
those
of
his
party
,
shall
doe
the
same
reciprocally
to
the
Emperour
and
his
assistants
.
The
places
possessed
by
the
Catholikes
,
since
the
yeere
1625
,
(
amongst
which
,
Wolfenbottle
and
Newburgh
are
intended
to
be
of
the
number
)
shall
be
restored
to
their
proprietarie
Lords
,
without
restoring
them
the
Revenues
of
them
,
and
without
carrying
away
the
Ordnance
.
The
Elector
of
Saxonie
shall
restore
within
ten
dayes
,
that
he
yet
holdeth
in
Bohemia
;
and
shall
give
ayde
towards
the
dislodging
of
the
Souldiers
of
the
other
party
,
which
shall
be
found
within
that
Kingdome
.
The
said
Elector
of
Saxonie
,
and
the
rest
of
the
Protestants
of
his
party
,
shall
ayde
the
Emperour
and
his
assistants
,
for
the
recoverie
of
their
Possessions
,
in
conformitie
to
this
Treatie
:
And
the
Emperour
,
with
his
assistants
,
shall
ayde
the
said
Elector
and
his
,
in
the
recoverie
of
that
which
belongeth
unto
them
.
If
the
Elector
of
Brandenbourg
,
who
is
not
excluded
from
the
Amnestia
,
will
accept
of
this
Peace
,
he
shall
be
invested
in
the
Duchie
of
Pomeranie
.
All
labour
and
endeavour
shall
be
joyntly
used
,
to
deliver
Pomeranie
,
the
upper
and
nether
Circle
of
Saxonie
,
and
the
whole
Empire
in
generall
,
from
strange
Souldiers
.
When
this
shall
be
done
,
and
the
House
of
Brunswick
shall
have
accepted
this
Treatie
,
rid
away
his
Souldiers
,
and
shall
have
conformed
it selfe
,
then
Wolfenbottle
and
other
places
shall
be
restored
unto
him
.
When
the
Emperour
,
the
Catholikes
,
and
the
Duke
of
Lorraine
shall
be
restored
by
the
Protestants
to
that
which
belongeth
unto
them
,
in
the
upper
and
nether
Circle
of
the
Rhine
,
and
in
the
Circles
of
Suaube
,
Bavaria
,
and
Franconia
,
so
as
they
may
fully
and
peaceably
enjoy
it
;
the
said
Protestants
shall
also
fully
enjoy
and
have
the
benefit
of
this
Peace
.
If
the
Emperour
doth
still
entertaine
Garrisons
in
some
places
within
the
said
Circles
;
that
shall
not
prejudice
the
said
Protestants
,
nor
shall
hinder
them
from
returning
thither
,
and
enjoying
their
Right
.
And
as
it
is
provided
,
that
the
Duke
of
Lorraine
shall
be
restored
to
the
possession
of
all
his
Countries
,
and
the
appurtenances
;
so
it
shall
not
be
suffered
,
that
from
henceforth
any
thing
more
whatsoever
be
taken
from
him
.
The
Emperour
reserveth
unto
himselfe
the
Fort
of
Philipsbourg
,
to
dispose
of
it
hereafter
,
as
shall
seeme
good
unto
himselfe
.
The
Prisoners
,
and
their
Principalls
,
to
whom
they
belong
,
which
shall
conforme
themselves
to
this
Treatie
,
shall
be
released
within
one
moneth
after
the
publication
of
the
Peace
:
Yet
neverthelesse
,
those
who
have
alreadie
promised
their
ransome
,
shall
pay
it
,
with
the
charges
which
they
have
expended
.
There
shall
be
a
generall
Amnestia
betwixt
the
Emperour
,
the
Catholike
Electors
,
Princes
,
and
States
,
his
assistants
,
and
the
Elector
of
Saxonie
,
and
those
which
have
beene
of
his
partie
in
this
Warre
;
in
such
manner
and
sort
,
that
all
which
hath
beene
done
and
committed
hostilely
,
since
the
yeere
1630
,
untill
this
time
,
shall
be
abolished
and
forgotten
,
if
they
doe
accept
of
this
Peace
within
ten
dayes
:
Which
Amnestia
shall
be
extended
also
unto
their
Heires
,
Lands
,
Countries
,
People
,
and
Subjects
,
their
Officers
of
Warre
,
Souldiers
,
Counsellors
,
Servants
,
and
Ministers
.
The
Emperour
hath
excluded
out
of
this
Amnestia
,
the
Affaires
and
Differences
of
Bohemia
,
and
of
the
Palatinate
:
For
since
that
his
Imperiall
Majestie
,
for
the
quieting
of
them
,
hath
been
constrained
to
put
himselfe
to
very
great
charges
;
he
will
seeke
for
reparation
of
his
Damages
upon
them
,
who
have
beene
the
causers
of
them
,
and
upon
their
Promoters
and
Assistants
.
He
doth
also
exclude
from
this
Amnestia
,
all
the
persons
and
estates
,
which
are
specified
in
a
Schedule
,
which
hath
been
exhibited
of
them
unto
the
Elector
of
Saxonie
:
Which
exclusion
and
exception
of
the
said
persons
and
their
estates
,
expressed
in
the
said
Schedule
,
shall
be
held
as
firme
and
availeable
,
to
be
effected
and
put
in
execution
,
as
if
the
specification
of
them
were
here
inserted
word
for
word
.
The
States
,
which
have
already
made
their
accommodation
with
the
Emperour
,
shall
hold
themselves
to
their
agreement
,
and
shall
have
no
power
to
make
any
pretence
to
any
further
matter
,
by
vertue
of
this
.
Those
which
have
hitherto
remained
Neuters
,
and
will
accept
of
this
Pacification
,
shall
enjoy
the
said
Amnestia
.
The
forraine
Potentates
,
which
have
interessed
themselves
in
this
Warre
,
since
the
yeere
1630
,
shall
be
also
comprehended
within
the
said
Amnestia
,
if
they
will
conforme
themselves
to
this
Treatie
.
The
Emperour
will
take
it
to
his
charge
,
to
publish
,
notifie
,
and
also
to
advance
,
promote
,
and
confirme
by
his
Edicts
and
Commandements
,
this
present
Treatie
,
and
that
which
depends
of
it
:
He
will
exhort
and
stirre
up
every
one
to
joyne
his
Armes
to
those
of
his
Imperiall
Majestie
,
and
to
signifie
in
what
state
,
condition
,
and
posture
hee
findes
himselfe
,
and
what
his
Forces
are
:
Which
signification
,
or
advertisement
,
every
man
shall
give
,
either
to
the
Emperour
himselfe
,
or
(
if
he
cannot
doe
that
,
by
reason
of
the
dangerousnesse
of
the
Wayes
)
to
the
King
of
Hungarie
,
or
to
the
Elector
of
Saxonie
,
or
to
the
Electors
of
Mentz
,
Collen
,
Bavaria
,
or
to
the
generall
and
principall
Officers
.
The
end
or
ayme
of
this
Pacification
,
is
,
to
restore
the
Empire
to
her
ancient
tranquillitie
and
libertie
:
And
to
this
purpose
,
the
Emperour
shall
continue
armed
;
and
the
Elector
of
Saxonie
,
and
the
other
Electors
,
Princes
,
and
States
,
shall
joyne
their
troupes
to
those
of
his
Imperiall
Majestie
:
And
of
all
their
Armies
,
shall
be
made
one
principall
one
,
which
shall
be
called
,
The
Armie
of
his
Imperiall
Majestie
,
and
of
the
sacred
Empire
.
The
Elector
of
Saxonie
shall
command
the
fourth
part
of
the
said
Armie
,
in
a
Body
by
it selfe
;
and
the
King
of
Hungarie
shall
command
the
other
three
parts
,
in
another
Body
,
or
in
divers
,
as
it
shall
be
found
expedient
.
The
said
Armie
shall
be
employed
against
all
those
that
shall
oppose
this
Treatie
of
Pacification
,
or
that
shall
not
be
willing
to
give
use
that
they
possesse
.
All
the
Bodies
of
their
Armies
,
and
all
their
Generalls
and
Officers
,
shall
sweare
allegeance
to
the
Emperour
.
Yet
notwithstanding
,
the
King
of
Hungarie
,
and
the
Elector
of
Saxonie
,
when
they
shall
command
in
person
,
shall
not
be
summoned
to
take
their
corporall
Oath
;
but
it
shall
suffice
,
that
they
engage
their
Word
,
Honour
,
and
Dignitie
,
Royall
and
Electorall
,
respectively
.
The
Emperour
will
cause
the
Instructions
and
Capitulations
(
Articles
briefe
)
to
be
framed
,
as
neere
as
may
be
conformable
to
the
Lawes
and
Statutes
of
the
Empire
.
The
whole
Body
of
the
Empire
shall
contribute
to
the
entertainment
of
the
said
Imperiall
Armie
;
and
the
States
shall
make
no
difficultie
to
furnish
and
pay
,
presently
after
the
publication
,
120
moneths
of
the
contribution
of
the
Empire
,
called
Romertzug
.
The
charges
and
expences
of
quartering
the
Armie
,
shall
be
defalked
out
of
the
said
contribution
,
in
such
sort
,
that
those
who
have
beene
at
the
charge
of
quartering
and
lodging
the
Souldiers
,
shall
abate
out
of
their
taxation
so
much
as
they
have
expended
that
way
.
The
Emperour
will
call
an
Imperiall
Dyet
as
soone
as
possibly
can
be
,
as
well
for
the
setling
and
advancing
of
the
said
contribution
of
the
Empire
,
as
for
the
other
publike
affaires
of
the
Empire
.
When
the
Peace
shall
be
fully
re-established
,
then
all
lodging
of
Souldiers
and
all
sorts
of
arming
shall
cease
.
No
forraine
Forces
shall
be
suffered
to
enter
into
the
Empire
,
for
any
cause
whatsoever
,
nor
for
the
difference
concerning
the
Palatinate
.
By
vertue
of
this
Pacification
and
Agreement
,
all
other
Vnions
,
Leagues
,
and
Alliances
within
the
Empire
,
shall
be
disannulled
and
made
void
;
except
the
Agreements
and
Contracts
of
Families
,
made
betwixt
Noble
Houses
.
The
Emperour
will
hold
good
intelligence
with
his
neighbour
Kingdomes
,
which
doe
no
oppression
upon
the
Empire
.
His
Imperiall
Majestie
will
reigne
and
governe
the
Empire
with
mildnesse
and
clemencie
.
On
the
other
side
,
the
Electors
,
Princes
,
and
States
,
will
render
him
all
the
respect
and
obedience
they
owe
him
.
Also
good
amitie
shall
be
maintained
betwixt
the
parties
.
For
the
advancement
of
the
Peace
,
and
of
Iustice
,
the
Electors
,
Princes
,
and
States
shall
hold
good
correspondence
with
the
Emperour
.
The
Constitutions
of
execution
,
and
that
which
is
ordained
by
this
Treatie
,
shall
be
observed
against
those
that
shall
keepe
themselves
armed
,
in
prejudice
of
this
Pacification
.
Whatsoever
shall
be
done
and
committed
against
the
tenor
of
this
Treatie
,
shall
be
held
void
ipso
facto
,
and
of
no
validitie
.
The
Emperour
doth
promise
,
by
his
Imperiall
Dignitie
,
to
observe
whatsoever
is
concluded
by
this
Treatie
;
and
the
Elector
of
Saxonie
doth
the
same
.
If
then
the
Electors
,
Princes
,
and
States
of
the
Empire
,
or
the
greater
part
of
them
,
doe
accept
this
Pacification
and
Agreement
;
it
shall
be
held
for
a
common
resolution
,
and
fundamentall
Law
of
the
Empire
:
in
conformitie
whereunto
,
the
Iudges
of
Courts
of
Iustice
shall
give
sentence
against
those
that
shall
infringe
the
same
.
The
Emperour
and
the
Elector
of
Saxonie
have
called
to
minde
,
that
a
conclusion
of
so
high
importance
,
which
concerneth
the
whole
Body
of
the
Empire
,
ought
not
to
have
beene
made
,
but
in
a
Dyet
of
the
Empire
,
or
in
an
Assembly
of
Deputation
:
But
for
as
much
as
the
urgent
necessitie
hereof
,
could
not
give
leave
to
stay
for
the
occasion
of
such
an
Assembly
;
it
is
by
way
of
precaution
declared
,
that
this
resolution
shall
not
prejudice
the
right
and
libertie
of
the
Empire
,
for
the
time
to
come
.
Three
severall
Exemplifications
in
Parchment
have
beene
made
and
signed
of
this
present
Treatie
,
and
all
of
one
and
the
same
tenor
:
whereof
,
one
was
delivered
to
the
Emperour
;
the
other
,
to
the
Elector
of
Mentz
,
as
Arch-Chancellor
of
the
Empire
,
to
register
it
amongst
the
publike
Acts
and
Records
of
the
Empire
;
and
the
third
,
to
the
Elector
of
Saxonie
.
Given
at
Prague
,
the
30.
of
May
,
1635.
II.
An
Extract
out
of
the
particular
Accord
made
betwixt
the
Emperour
and
the
Elector
of
Saxonie
,
touching
the
ioyning
together
of
their
Armes
.
ALL
the
Forces
shall
be
reduced
into
one
Armade
,
which
shall
be
called
,
The
Armade
of
his
Imperiall
Majestie
,
and
of
the
sacred
Empire
;
and
a
good
part
of
it
shall
be
left
to
the
Elector
of
Saxonie
,
to
be
commanded
.
The
proportion
shall
be
this
:
If
the
Armie
doe
amount
unto
80000
men
,
the
Emperour
shall
have
60000
of
them
;
which
he
shall
cause
to
be
commanded
by
the
King
of
Hungarie
,
his
Sonne
:
and
the
Elector
of
Saxonie
shall
have
20000
to
command
;
and
if
the
said
Elector
have
foure
or
five
thousand
over
and
above
that
number
,
he
shall
be
suffered
to
have
them
.
All
these
Souldiers
shall
be
entertained
with
the
contributions
of
the
Empire
;
and
the
Receivers
generall
shall
be
tyed
to
furnish
to
every
Generall
his
rate
,
according
to
the
proportion
of
the
Body
of
the
Armie
which
he
shall
command
.
If
the
Emperour
happen
to
depart
this
life
,
the
King
of
Hungarie
,
his
Sonne
,
and
he
whom
it
shall
please
him
to
ordaine
,
shall
continue
the
command
of
the
Bodie
of
his
Armie
.
And
if
the
Elector
of
Saxonie
happen
to
dye
,
his
Sonne
,
who
is
to
be
his
Successour
in
the
Electorate
,
shall
succeed
his
Father
also
in
his
place
of
Generall
.
If
the
said
Elector
,
or
his
Sonne
,
doe
desire
to
be
discharged
of
the
Bodie
of
his
Armie
,
he
shall
be
so
;
and
the
Emperour
will
entrust
the
Command
of
Generall
of
that
Body
of
the
Army
,
to
some
other
of
the
Confession
of
Auspurgh
;
such
as
the
said
Elector
,
and
the
Elector
of
Brandenburgh
shall
advise
him
unto
.
When
any
execution
shall
be
commanded
,
and
committed
to
one
of
the
said
Bodies
of
Armies
,
it
shall
be
obedient
,
to
undertake
it
;
without
any
disturbance
to
be
given
unto
them
,
in
the
said
execution
,
by
the
other
Bodies
of
Armies
:
and
if
that
Body
be
not
found
sufficient
for
the
action
,
the
others
shall
readily
and
willingly
assist
it
:
To
the
effecting
whereof
,
the
Generalls
and
Directors
shall
hold
a
carefull
correspondence
together
,
and
shall
direct
all
their
actions
to
one
and
the
same
end
.
They
shall
as
soone
as
possibly
may
be
,
and
at
the
furthest
,
within
foure
or
sixe
weekes
after
the
publication
hereof
,
take
their
Oath
of
Allegeance
unto
the
Emperour
and
the
Empire
,
as
is
mentioned
in
the
Treatie
of
Pacification
.
In
the
places
where
Catholikes
and
Protestants
dwell
,
the
quarters
shall
be
equally
distributed
,
without
any
distinction
of
Religion
.
If
any
Warre
doe
happen
to
be
made
in
the
Circles
of
high
and
low
Saxonie
,
and
the
Elector
of
Saxonie
,
as
being
neighbour
unto
it
,
have
a
desire
to
doe
execution
rather
then
another
,
or
to
quarter
himselfe
there
,
the
Emperour
will
grant
him
leave
to
doe
it
,
before
another
.
In
case
,
that
the
Elector
of
Saxonie
,
or
his
Sonne
,
should
not
be
in
person
in
the
Campe
,
and
that
necessitie
did
require
,
that
they
should
joyne
the
Bodies
of
the
Armies
together
;
then
the
King
of
Hungarie
shall
have
the
direction
of
the
Body
of
the
Armie
of
the
said
Elector
:
and
the
levyes
of
Souldiers
,
and
their
quartering
,
shall
be
proportioned
according
to
the
Bodies
of
the
Armies
.
The
Receivers
generall
of
the
Empire
shall
be
bound
by
Oath
,
to
pay
and
deliver
the
contribution-Mony
to
each
Body
of
the
Armies
proportionably
,
that
is
to
say
,
to
the
King
of
Hungarie
for
60000
,
and
to
the
Elector
of
Saxonie
for
20000
men
.
When
it
shall
please
God
to
re-establish
the
Peace
,
and
that
the
Troupes
shall
come
to
be
disbanded
,
this
proportion
shall
be
observed
;
That
as
the
Elector
shall
disband
2000
men
,
the
King
of
Hungarie
shall
disband
6000.
Whatsoever
is
not
found
to
be
comprehended
nor
expressed
in
this
Schedule
or
Addition
to
the
Agreement
,
is
to
be
sought
for
in
the
Contents
of
the
Treatie
of
Peace
at
large
,
which
ought
to
be
inviolably
observed
.
Of
this
Schedule
there
have
beene
made
two
Exemplifications
in
Parchment
,
of
one
and
the
same
tenor
:
The
one
,
for
the
Emperour
;
the
other
,
for
the
Elector
of
Saxonie
.
Given
at
Prague
,
the
30.
of
May
,
1635.
III.
An
Extract
out
of
the
said
Treatie
of
Peace
,
for
so
much
as
concerneth
the
Palatinate
.
TOuching
the
businesse
of
the
Palatine
,
as
being
that
for
which
in
these
yeeres
last
past
many
horrible
Commotions
,
Troubles
,
and
Oppressions
have
beene
raysed
;
His
Electorall
Highnesse
of
Saxonie
did
very
stiffely
insist
upon
it
,
to
have
it
fully
setled
and
accommodated
,
as
well
in
point
of
the
Electorall
Dignitie
,
as
for
that
which
concerneth
his
Countreyes
:
But
for
as
much
as
it
is
notoriously
knowne
,
(
and
the
most
laudable
College
of
Electors
judged
it
to
be
so
at
Mulbausen
,
in
the
yeere
1627
)
that
the
proscribed
Palatine
,
Frederick
,
hath
beene
the
Author
and
Promoter
of
all
the
Mischiefes
happened
in
Bohemia
,
an
Hereditarie
Kingdome
of
his
Imperiall
Majestie
,
and
immediately
after
in
the
Empire
;
and
that
his
Imperiall
Majestie
,
together
with
his
most
honourable
House
,
findes
himselfe
to
be
in
debt
for
this
occasion
many
Millions
,
and
to
have
sustained
divers
other
great
Damages
;
and
namely
,
that
he
hath
beene
constrained
to
leave
some
part
of
his
Hereditarie
Countreyes
in
arreare
,
to
furnish
the
expences
of
the
Warre
:
His
Majestie
would
by
no
meanes
depart
from
his
resolution
,
although
his
Electorall
Highnesse
of
Saxonie
did
seriously
bestow
his
labour
therein
.
And
therefore
that
remained
firme
and
setled
,
which
his
Imperiall
Majestie
had
ordained
and
determined
,
touching
the
said
Electorall
Dignitie
,
and
his
Countreyes
;
as
well
on
the
behalfe
of
his
Electorall
Highnesse
of
Bavaria
,
and
the
Line
of
the
late
Duke
William
his
Father
,
as
otherwise
;
and
also
,
touching
the
estates
of
some
of
the
Palatines
Servants
.
Yet
neverthelesse
,
the
Widow
of
the
late
Elector
,
Frederick
the
fourth
,
Count
Palatine
of
Rhine
,
shall
have
her
Iointure
allowed
her
,
so
farre
forth
as
she
can
make
appeare
what
belongeth
to
her
.
Also
the
entertainment
of
a
Prince
shall
be
ordered
to
be
allowed
to
the
Children
of
the
proscribed
Palatine
,
if
they
will
duely
humble
themselves
towards
his
Imperiall
Majestie
.
And
all
this
to
be
done
of
his
Imperiall
grace
,
not
as
any
thing
of
due
.
Below
.
HIS
Imperiall
Majestie
doth
expressely
exclude
and
cut
off
from
this
Amnestia
,
the
Affaires
and
Differences
of
Bohemia
,
and
of
the
Palatinate
.
And
because
,
for
the
appeasing
and
quieting
of
them
,
his
Imperiall
Majestie
hath
brought
himselfe
and
his
House
into
great
and
heavie
Expences
;
and
that
he
hath
(
as
hath
beene
formerly
said
)
beene
constrained
to
leave
in
Arreare
some
part
of
his
Hereditarie
Countreyes
,
of
the
profits
whereof
he
remaineth
yet
frustrate
,
and
unsatisfied
;
his
Majestie
hath
reserved
unto
himselfe
the
seeking
of
restitution
of
the
Charges
expended
by
him
,
and
the
reparation
of
the
Damages
sustained
by
him
,
from
them
who
have
beene
the
causers
thereof
,
and
from
their
assistants
and
promoters
;
and
especially
from
as
many
of
them
as
can
be
found
,
that
have
not
yet
by
other
Accords
accommodated
and
reconciled
themselves
to
his
said
Imperiall
Majestie
.
The
Translation
of
the
Authors
Epistle
Dedicatorie
to
the
French
King
.
TO
LOVYS
XIII
.
THE
MOST
CHRISTIAN
KING
OF
FRANCE
AND
NAVARRE
,
I.
A.
D.
wisheth
Victorie
,
and
eternall
felicitie
.
SIR
,
I
Present
unto
your
Majestie
a
defence
of
the
common
Quarrell
and
Libertie
,
which
the
whole
World
expecteth
and
waiteth
for
,
from
the
happie
successe
of
your
designes
:
Her
Cause
can
more
justly
be
consecrated
to
none
,
because
it
can
more
powerfully
be
defended
by
none
.
This
Controversie
,
touching
a
matter
of
singular
excellencie
,
is
publike
;
and
therefore
ought
not
to
be
agitated
,
but
before
them
,
upon
whom
the
publike
safetie
relyeth
.
The
securitie
of
the
Christian
World
is
invaded
;
and
therefore
assistance
is
to
be
craved
from
Him
alone
,
who
onely
can
when
he
will
,
and
will
when
he
can
,
restore
peace
and
tranquillitie
to
the
World
.
The
ambition
of
the
Enemies
,
is
insatiable
:
whilest
it
is
preparing
a
Warre
for
Europe
,
it
published
a
counterfeit
Peace
to
the
Germans
.
To
the
end
,
that
it
may
openly
deceive
,
it
doth
secretly
make
an
agreement
;
that
it
may
more
safely
beguile
men
unarmed
,
it
doth
in
name
onely
banish
Warre
out
of
the
Empire
:
This
fraudulent
agreement
hath
beene
rejected
by
the
valour
of
the
Swedes
,
repelled
by
the
fortitude
of
the
French
,
and
despised
by
the
constancie
of
the
Protestants
.
For
this
cause
,
they
are
proscribed
as
Enemies
of
the
common
peace
,
and
disturbers
of
the
publike
quiet
;
and
although
they
doe
with
force
of
Armes
endevour
the
common
Concord
,
yet
being
left
desolate
and
innocent
,
they
beare
the
blame
of
the
continued
Warre
.
By
this
Worke
,
we
answere
that
Calumnie
,
and
turning
backe
the
points
of
the
Darts
upon
our
Adversaries
,
we
shew
,
that
they
onely
are
the
Confederate
Enemies
of
Peace
,
who
carrying
ordinarily
in
their
mouthes
the
name
of
Quiet
,
doe
meditate
in
their
hearts
perpetuall
Warres
and
Discords
;
and
masking
their
Tyrannie
with
the
name
of
Libertie
,
their
Invasion
with
Pietie
,
and
their
Conspiracies
with
publike
Securitie
,
with
a
counterfeit
shew
and
specious
colour
,
doe
attribute
most
honest
names
unto
most
dis-honest
actions
,
and
most
dis-honest
actions
unto
most
honest
names
.
As
if
your
Majestie
,
and
yours
,
did
of
your
owne
accord
take
Armes
against
them
,
and
not
by
compulsion
repell
Armes
,
voluntarily
taken
against
you
and
your
Confederates
;
or
,
as
if
they
did
ever
offer
any
Peace
unto
you
,
but
an
unjust
one
,
or
you
ever
refused
any
just
one
;
or
,
as
if
they
can
hope
for
any
firme
tranquillitie
,
as
long
as
they
retaine
to
themselves
those
estates
of
other
mens
,
which
they
have
,
and
lay
claime
to
those
they
have
not
.
But
men
,
who
have
no
colour
of
title
to
possesse
things
belonging
to
strangers
,
have
need
to
betake
themselves
to
fallacies
of
words
,
thereby
to
deceive
those
that
will
beleeve
them
,
as
well
by
words
as
by
deeds
.
You
,
SIR
,
who
have
Iustice
for
your
Companion
in
all
your
doings
,
need
no
cases
,
or
out-sides
of
words
;
but
you
doe
expresse
in
words
the
sinceritie
which
you
practise
in
your
life
.
For
you
keeping
a
Watch
over
the
publike
tranquillitie
,
and
not
over
your
owne
private
benefit
,
doe
so
defend
that
which
is
your
owne
,
that
you
covet
not
that
which
is
another
mans
;
you
doe
so
protect
your
friends
,
that
you
doe
not
oppresse
them
as
your
enemies
;
and
though
your selfe
doe
injurie
to
none
,
yet
you
revenge
the
injurie
done
to
your
Confederates
;
and
doe
advance
the
bounds
of
your
Empire
rather
by
the
glory
of
your
brave
actions
,
then
by
the
extending
of
your
Territories
.
Whereupon
it
falleth
out
,
that
as
there
can
be
no
comparison
of
peoples
,
or
parallell
of
strength
betwixt
your
subjects
and
friends
,
and
your
enemies
,
so
there
is
also
a
vast
dissimilitude
of
causes
.
They
professing
a
horrible
ambition
of
ruling
over
all
,
out
of
the
private
and
greedie
desire
of
Soveraigntie
,
doe
pick
a
quarrell
against
the
Church
,
and
doe
raise
the
Armes
of
the
Empire
unprovoked
,
in
a
most
violent
manner
,
against
those
that
would
oppose
them
;
they
doe
compell
the
people
,
by
enticing
and
drawing
them
on
with
specious
shewes
and
names
of
things
,
to
serve
their
ambition
;
and
endevour
to
bring
all
Germanie
under
their
yoke
meerly
through
necessitie
of
despaire
;
having
beene
for
many
yeeres
past
pittifully
oppressed
with
a
most
grievous
Warre
,
and
exhausted
of
all
her
strength
and
wealth
.
Your
Majestie
being
content
with
the
Territories
of
your
fore-fathers
,
and
your
owne
triumphs
,
doth
never
take
Armes
,
but
against
your
will
;
never
lay
them
downe
,
but
willingly
;
and
having
used
them
onely
for
the
defence
of
your
subjects
,
your
friends
,
and
common
right
,
doth
maintaine
the
libertie
of
all
,
the
securitie
of
every
one
,
and
the
safetie
of
Europe
,
with
no
lesse
clairitie
then
you
go
●●●ne
them
with
equitie
.
Whereupon
it
commeth
to
passe
,
that
whereas
the
captivitie
of
the
Empire
seemeth
to
be
greedily
gaped
after
by
them
recoverie
of
libertie
is
endevoured
and
effected
by
you
;
the
World
is
troubled
by
them
,
pacified
by
you
,
and
Germanie
,
oppressed
by
them
,
is
relieved
and
restored
by
you
.
And
let
all
things
be
so
subject
to
the
Lawes
of
Heaven
,
that
Iustice
,
Vertue
,
and
Felicitie
fighting
on
your
side
,
and
Trecherie
,
Cowardise
,
and
Calamitie
taking
part
with
your
Enemies
,
Providence
may
confesse
,
that
she
oweth
Victorie
to
the
one
,
and
Vengeance
to
the
other
.
Therefore
,
Most
Christian
King
,
be
pleased
to
entertaine
this
Opening
and
Pleading
of
the
Publike
Cause
,
and
to
take
knowledge
of
the
Innocencie
of
this
continued
Warre
,
presented
to
you
in
writing
,
as
you
doe
defend
and
countenance
it
in
action
.
Let
your
Majesties
protection
be
open
to
the
defence
of
Libertie
,
who
even
from
your
tender
age
have
ever
beene
a
Sanctuarie
to
the
banished
,
a
Refuge
to
your
Confederates
,
a
safegard
to
the
afflicted
,
and
a
most
certaine
comfort
to
all
people
.
Your
friends
relying
upon
this
,
will
not
feare
any
Warre
from
their
Enemies
,
and
will
hope
for
a
Peace
from
you
,
that
shall
uphold
Law
and
Iustice
:
Which
Peace
,
when
you
shall
have
redeemed
the
Right
of
common
Libertie
,
you
will
resolve
upon
;
having
resolved
,
you
will
give
it
;
and
having
given
it
,
you
will
preserve
it
for
ever
.
A
Breviate
or
short
View
of
the
whole
WORKE
.
The
Treatie
of
Prague
,
concluded
by
the
Emperour
and
Duke
of
Saxonie
,
against
the
Protestants
,
Swedes
,
and
French
,
is
proved
to
be
of
no
validitie
,
void
,
and
unjust
,
by
five
severall
Chapters
,
or
generall
Nullities
.
The
first
Nullitie
,
on
the
Emperours
part
.
Pag.
1.
-
1.
BEcause
a
Treatie
or
determination
concerning
Church-Lands
,
exceedeth
the
power
of
the
Emperour
.
p.
6
-
2.
Because
it
is
founded
upon
the
Transaction
of
Passaw
,
which
is
of
no
moment
with
the
Austrians
.
p.
8
-
3.
The
Emperours
themselves
doe
confesse
,
that
it
belongeth
not
to
their
power
,
to
determine
any
thing
in
matter
of
Religion
.
p.
15
-
4.
〈…〉
by
any
〈…〉
p.
17
-
5.
Because
the
Treatie
of
Prague
it selfe
is
very
ignominious
to
the
Emperour
and
to
the
Catholikes
.
p.
2●
The
second
Nullitie
,
on
the
part
of
the
Duke
of
Saxonie
.
Pag.
25.
-
1.
Because
,
though
he
account
himselfe
the
chiefe
of
the
Protestants
,
yet
by
this
divorce
and
separation
from
them
,
he
utterly
ruineth
both
his
owne
strength
,
and
the
strength
of
his
Allyes
.
p.
26
-
2.
Because
the
treating
of
a
common
Peace
,
exceedeth
the
power
of
the
Duke
of
Saxonie
.
p.
28
-
3.
Because
this
Transaction
of
the
Duke
of
Saxonie
,
is
hurtfull
and
deceitfull
to
the
Protestants
.
p.
31
-
4.
It
springeth
from
a
fountaine
of
foule
ingratitude
,
and
horrible
trecherie
.
p.
35
The
third
Nullitie
,
on
the
part
of
the
Protestants
.
Pag.
43.
-
1.
Because
the
Protestants
being
instigated
by
the
Duke
of
Saxonie
,
made
Warre
against
the
Emperour
.
p.
43
-
2.
Because
they
are
enforced
to
consent
,
not
to
a
Peace
,
but
to
a
new
Warre
.
p.
48
-
3.
The
Kingdome
of
Bohemia
is
unjustly
made
Hereditarie
to
the
House
of
Austria
.
p.
55
-
4.
Silesia
being
innocent
,
is
stripped
of
her
rights
.
p.
64
-
5.
Lusatia
is
unjustly
dismembred
from
the
Kingdome
of
Bohemia
.
p.
66
-
6.
The
Electorall
dignitie
of
the
Palatine
,
is
unjustly
translated
to
the
Bavarian
.
p.
73
-
7.
The
Bavarians
anciently
had
no
right
to
the
Electorate
.
p.
84
The
fourth
Nullitie
,
on
the
part
of
the
Swedes
.
Pag.
95.
-
1.
Because
the
Swedes
making
Warre
in
their
owne
name
,
ought
also
to
make
the
accord
in
their
owne
right
.
p.
98
-
2.
Because
the
Duke
of
Saxonie
in
his
owne
private
name
oweth
revenging
imprecations
to
the
Swedes
.
p.
101
-
3.
Because
the
Swedes
cannot
basely
abandon
their
Leagues
,
nor
their
Troupes
:
Nor
dare
they
make
any
agreement
with
the
Austrians
,
under
the
faithlesse
undertaking
of
the
Saxon.
p.
104
The
fifth
Nullitie
,
on
the
part
of
the
French
.
Pag.
110.
-
1.
Because
the
most
Christian
King
,
by
right
of
protection
,
preserved
the
Catholike
Faith
in
the
Empire
.
p.
111
-
2.
The
protection
of
the
Princes
and
States
of
the
Empire
,
cannot
be
charged
to
be
the
French
Kings
fault
.
p.
116
-
3.
The
most
illustrious
Elector
of
Trevers
(
or
Trier
)
did
justly
and
seasonably
obtaine
the
protection
of
the
French
.
p.
120
-
4.
Because
the
Emperour
endeavoureth
to
make
the
private
quarrels
of
the
Spaniards
with
the
French
,
common
to
the
whole
Empire
.
p.
124
-
5.
Because
the
cause
of
Lorraine
doth
nothing
at
all
belong
to
the
Emperour
.
p.
127
And
therefore
the
conclusion
is
,
that
this
Triumvirall
conspiracie
ought
to
be
rejected
,
and
a
true
,
honest
,
and
universall
Peace
to
be
fought
for
,
and
defended
with
the
common
Armes
.
Vpon
the
birth
or
deliverie
of
the
Transaction
of
Prague
.
VNgodly
Prague
,
which
to
the
World
a
bloudie
Warre
hath
brought
,
From
her
false
Wombe
,
how
ever
could
a
faithfull
Peace
be
sought
?
Or
,
Vngodly
Prague
hath
to
the
World
a
bloudie
Warre
projected
,
From
Prague
a
Plague
,
and
no
firme
Peace
could
ever
be
expected
.
THE
PREFACE
.
MOst
venerable
is
the
name
of
Peace
;
the
plentie
it
brings
,
is
comfortable
;
and
the
happinesse
of
it
,
most
desirable
;
the
possession
of
it
,
is
ever
blessed
;
and
the
granting
of
it
,
at
all
times
to
be
laboured
for
.
Certainely
,
I
cannot
imagine
any
mortall
man
to
be
so
void
of
humanitie
,
that
he
would
envie
a
Rest
so
necessarie
to
the
Empire
,
so
beneficiall
to
the
Countrey
;
as
being
that
,
without
which
neither
private
families
,
nor
publike
Lawes
,
nor
the
right
of
common
societie
can
subsist
.
I
cannot
suppose
any
man
to
be
so
barbarous
and
savage
,
that
,
all
other
circumstances
and
conditions
being
alike
,
will
preferre
a
Souldiers
Coat
before
a
Gowne
,
Warre
before
Peace
;
when
as
in
this
change
and
vicissitude
of
affaires
,
by
businesse
and
labour
,
is
begotten
ease
;
by
troubles
,
rest
;
and
by
Armes
,
love
and
concord
.
But
where
libertie
and
the
safetie
of
the
Common-wealth
is
pretended
,
and
servitude
and
destruction
intended
;
where
a
most
unjust
and
trecherous
Combination
,
is
veiled
with
the
glorious
name
of
a
Peace
;
where
,
under
a
pretext
of
Rest
,
the
restlesse
Souldier
doth
ransack
and
spoile
mens
habitations
;
and
lastly
,
where
a
deceitfull
Condition
of
Mercie
is
a
Bait
to
draw
on
insulting
Power
:
every
wise
man
will
preferre
even
a
doubtfull
Warre
,
before
a
〈◊〉
Peace
;
uncertaine
safetie
,
before
a
certaine
destruction
;
and
an
unsworne
condition
of
slaverie
,
before
a
〈◊〉
usurped
Soveraigntie
.
I
confesse
,
that
nothing
can
happen
to
miserable
Germanie
,
either
more
certaine
,
for
her
safetie
,
more
noble
,
for
her
glory
;
or
more
to
be
wished
,
for
the
recoverie
of
her
former
felicitie
;
then
,
if
by
consent
of
the
Princes
,
and
Pie●ie
of
the
Nobles
,
it
may
be
restored
to
her
ancient
concord
,
and
now
almost
quite
forgotten
tranquillitie
:
And
that
no
lesse
Honour
should
be
gained
to
that
Emperour
,
who
with
the
sweet
Bond
of
Peace
should
reduce
to
unitie
his
Countrey
,
exhausted
with
slaughters
and
butcherie
;
his
peoples
,
enraged
and
made
furious
with
the
injuries
of
former
times
,
and
like
Savages
exercising
their
Cruelties
upon
their
owne
Bowels
;
then
there
was
Divinitie
ascribed
to
him
,
who
first
joyned
together
in
one
Body
so
many
Nations
,
no
lesse
different
in
manners
and
disposition
,
then
in
situation
of
Climates
;
and
by
communion
of
Lawes
and
Customes
,
made
them
the
most
flourishing
Common-wealth
of
Europe
.
But
lamentable
experience
proclaimes
,
that
by
that
agreement
or
transaction
of
Prague
,
hatreds
were
not
mitigated
,
but
inflamed
;
Armes
not
layd
downe
,
but
doubled
;
proscription
and
confiscations
not
diminished
,
but
extended
beyond
all
Law
and
right
.
For
after
that
,
in
the
very
frontispice
of
the
businesse
,
forraine
Princes
were
at
the
first
excluded
;
in
the
progresse
thereof
,
most
of
the
Castles
,
Cities
,
and
Countreyes
of
Germanie
,
were
divided
amongst
the
great
men
;
the
rest
,
that
were
weaker
in
strength
,
not
in
cause
,
being
proscribed
,
were
stripped
out
of
their
Hereditarie
Iurisdictions
;
the
spoiles
of
the
Provinces
,
the
bootie
and
pillage
of
the
banished
,
and
the
goods
of
the
slaughtered
,
were
distributed
to
such
as
did
applaud
the
action
.
Next
after
that
,
for
the
confirming
and
maintaining
of
these
Vsurpations
,
and
Armie
of
do
Regiments
was
imposed
upon
Germanie
;
and
,
as
if
the
Lawes
and
Courts
of
Iustice
did
abhorre
this
Pacification
,
the
Businesses
of
the
Imperiall
Chamber
and
holy
Consistorie
were
left
altogether
undecided
.
No
comfort
or
ease
at
all
appeared
from
this
Peace
,
nor
the
last
fruit
of
a
publike
Tranquillitie
;
but
in
stead
thereof
,
an
unappeasable
Warre
is
denounced
against
all
,
that
had
or
should
dare
to
complaine
of
the
injuries
offered
,
or
so
much
as
to
whisper
of
the
unjustnesse
of
this
Conspiracie
.
Nothing
was
here
done
,
that
was
fit
to
be
done
in
a
lawfull
Peace
:
the
former
Contributions
of
the
States
,
the
pilling
and
spoiling
of
the
Countreyes
,
the
burthens
and
oppressions
of
the
subjects
were
not
taken
away
,
nor
so
much
as
mitigated
,
but
excessively
encreased
,
established
by
publike
Edict
;
and
of
Souldiers
payes
,
that
were
extraordinarie
,
and
without
order
,
were
made
ordinarie
taxations
.
Barbarous
Nations
were
not
carried
away
,
nor
cast
out
of
the
Empire
,
but
made
to
overflow
it
like
a
deluge
,
and
let
in
by
multitudes
at
the
gates
,
set
wide
open
.
And
I
need
not
stick
to
say
,
that
Cities
were
emptied
of
their
Citizens
,
the
very
Deserts
filled
with
fugitives
,
the
goods
of
men
and
Cities
,
of
a
knowne
and
well-approved
innocencie
,
confiscated
,
their
persons
degraded
,
and
their
lives
rated
at
high
summes
of
money
.
So
that
it
is
more
cleare
then
the
Noone-day
,
that
in
this
foresaid
transaction
,
it
was
not
so
much
laboured
to
relieve
the
sinking
fortunes
of
the
Countrey
,
as
it
was
by
all
meanes
endevoured
,
that
the
remaining
States
of
the
Empire
should
be
deluded
with
the
name
of
a
Peace
;
that
the
remaining
strength
of
the
Protestants
should
succour
then
afflicted
condition
of
the
Austrians
;
that
the
common
Armes
should
with
their
whole
power
be
turned
against
Rebels
(
as
they
call
them
)
and
Strangers
:
and
so
in
stead
of
concord
,
to
have
discord
;
in
stead
of
truth
,
trecherie
;
and
in
stead
of
a
iust
Warre
,
a
most
wicked
and
detestable
one
to
be
undertaken
:
and
that
so
much
of
Germanie
as
was
alive
,
or
had
a
being
left
,
after
eighteene
yeares
troubles
;
should
be
quite
brought
to
ruine
,
by
a
foure
moneths
pacification
indeed
,
the
fates
of
the
House
of
Austria
growing
now
towards
a
declination
,
fortune
could
bring
to
passe
no
greater
thing
for
them
,
then
the
discord
of
their
enemies
.
Nothing
could
happen
more
acceptable
to
the
Eagles
,
a
good
while
since
beginning
to
stoope
,
then
to
be
enabled
to
breake
those
in
pieces
,
being
separated
,
whom
they
stood
in
feare
of
,
being
united
;
and
now
to
beguile
,
with
the
pretext
of
a
deceitfull
peace
,
those
whom
hitherto
they
could
not
conquer
with
force●
Armes
.
And
it
was
an
act
of
no
small
merit
,
with
one
dash
of
a
Pen
to
disband
such
huge
Armies
;
to
dissolve
so
many
Leagues
made
with
Protestants
,
and
so
solemnly
sworne
;
to
turne
the
mightiest
Enemie
they
had
,
into
friends
;
in
stead
of
adversaries
,
to
get
assistants
;
to
cause
the
Germane
Faith
to
be
traduced
amongst
forraine
Nations
,
and
esteemed
perfidiousnesse
:
and
in
a
word
,
to
bring
matters
to
that
passe
,
that
whilest
they
should
singly
fight
,
they
should
be
singly
vanquished
;
and
that
those
who
were
mightier
then
others
,
should
enjoy
no
other
privilege
,
but
that
of
Ulysses
,
to
be
the
first
,
to
be
saved
for
a
time
,
and
the
last
to
be
devoured
in
the
end
.
The
most
illustrious
Duke
of
Saxonie
was
taken
in
,
to
have
a
part
in
this
Treatie
,
as
one
though
superiour
in
strength
,
yet
inferiour
in
honourable
atchievements
;
who
,
whether
through
some
kinde
of
emulation
,
or
rather
envie
of
the
Swedish
Victories
,
I
know
not
,
when
he
saw
he
could
not
attaine
an
equall
share
of
honour
with
them
,
chose
rather
to
be
an
Enemie
,
and
an
Vndoer
,
then
a
fellow-sharer
and
a
Debtor
to
those
that
were
his
defenders
:
And
by
this
meanes
,
this
League
was
tempered
with
so
much
the
more
disadvantage
to
him
;
in
regard
,
that
howsoever
things
fell
out
,
he
was
sure
,
that
by
helping
and
assisting
others
,
he
should
derive
the
whole
weight
of
the
Germane
Warre
upon
himselfe
and
his
subjects
.
Certainely
,
nothing
could
happen
more
satisfactorie
to
the
Emperours
desires
,
then
to
withdraw
that
massie
burthen
of
Warre
,
under
which
his
Countreyes
did
long
since
even
gaspe
and
groane
,
and
to
lay
the
greatest
part
thereof
upon
the
shoulders
of
the
principall
Elector
;
making
this
undoubted
inference
to
himselfe
,
that
whether
he
were
conquered
,
or
did
conquer
,
he
should
both
wayes
triumph
over
his
Enemies
.
So
the
Pacification
long
laboured
for
,
being
at
the
last
obtained
,
to
the
end
,
that
he
might
oblige
all
the
particular
Princes
by
private
benefites
,
and
by
participation
of
spoiles
turne
Enemies
into
friends
,
he
bestowed
upon
the
Elector
of
Saxonie
(
besides
the
Revenues
of
the
Church
,
usurped
by
him
for
the
space
of
above
an
hundred
yeeres
)
the
Marquisat
of
Lusatia
;
and
upon
his
sonne
,
the
Archbishoprick
of
Magdeburgh
;
upon
the
Duke
of
Bavaria
,
the
Prince
Palatines
Electorship
,
and
the
Citie
of
Donawerth
;
upon
the
Prince
of
Brandeburgh
,
the
reversion
of
the
Inheritance
of
Pomeranie
;
and
upon
the
Prince
of
Lunenburgh
,
that
of
the
Duchie
of
Brunswick
;
and
hath
granted
unto
the
Dukes
of
Mechelburgh
,
peaceable
possession
of
their
Countrey
,
which
they
had
formerly
obtained
by
the
Swedish
power
.
He
hath
taken
unto
himselfe
the
hereditarie
right
to
the
Kingdome
of
Bohemia
,
and
the
Provinces
united
to
it
,
Silesia
,
Moravia
,
&c.
as
also
the
Supreme
Authoritie
,
in
judging
Controversies
of
matters
Spirituall
and
Temporall
,
and
the
particular
Dominion
of
Philipsbourgh
.
He
hath
retained
in
his
hands
for
the
King
of
Hungarie
,
the
absolute
command
over
all
the
Armies
of
Germanie
;
and
for
his
younger
sonne
,
the
Bishoprick
of
Halberstad
:
And
for
the
other
Princes
,
as
they
seemed
inferiour
,
though
not
in
right
,
yet
in
power
(
as
the
Palatines
,
the
Hassians
,
and
those
of
Wirtemberg
)
he
commanded
,
that
some
of
them
should
prostrate
themselves
as
humble
suppliants
,
to
obtaine
mercie
;
and
others
he
put
into
the
secret
List
of
proscribed
men
,
and
excluded
from
all
hope
of
pardon
,
or
benefit
of
the
Amnestia
;
induced
thereunto
by
no
stronger
motive
then
this
,
that
with
the
estates
and
spoiles
of
the
dispossessed
,
he
might
reward
those
who
had
either
formerly
done
him
,
or
lately
promised
him
their
faithfull
service
.
The
forces
of
the
Empire
being
by
this
meanes
united
,
he
denounced
a
most
deadly
Warre
against
the
French
,
under
pretence
of
recovering
Lorraine
;
and
against
the
Swedish
,
under
colour
of
vindicating
the
Germane
libertie
:
moved
thereunto
by
no
other
consideration
,
but
because
those
two
Kingdomes
had
hitherto
cast
in
the
way
fatall
rubbes
,
to
hinder
the
Austrian
Greatnesse
and
Spanish
Monarchie
.
They
say
,
that
the
Roman
Triumviri
,
Dion
.
Histor.
lib.
46.
p.
335.
to
the
end
that
they
might
purchase
the
favour
of
the
people
unto
their
proscription
,
(
a
thing
before
that
time
not
heard
of
)
did
draw
on
the
great
men
,
partly
by
the
Possessions
of
the
slaine
,
partly
by
the
great
Offices
and
Priesthoods
of
the
dead
;
that
they
obliged
the
Souldiers
with
the
Patrimonies
of
the
conquered
,
and
with
provisions
of
Victuals
to
be
supplyed
from
the
Cities
,
without
Money
:
that
they
fined
the
Citizens
at
a
Tenth
of
their
Countrey
Mannors
and
Farmes
,
and
at
a
halfe
part
of
their
other
Revenues
;
reckoning
it
as
a
speciall
favour
done
to
those
,
of
whom
a
tenth
part
of
their
Revenue
was
so
exacted
,
though
they
had
not
so
much
as
a
tenth
part
of
their
estate
left
.
But
this
furie
was
confined
within
particular
Walls
;
the
bounds
of
one
Citie
,
did
prescribe
limits
to
these
slaughters
;
and
the
safetie
of
all
,
was
redeemed
with
the
butcherie
of
a
few
.
Here
,
all
the
Citizens
and
Subjects
,
all
the
Provinces
are
in
the
same
danger
;
no
Citie
,
no
Countrey
,
no
Citizen
is
exempt
from
the
miserie
of
Warre
;
no
corner
of
all
Germanie
,
where
the
Rapines
of
Souldiers
have
not
accesse
:
The
Confederates
,
as
well
as
the
Enemies
,
are
oppressed
with
excessive
Contributions
;
and
as
if
in
this
eighteene
yeeres
Warre
,
bloud
enough
were
not
yet
shed
in
Germanie
,
the
Armes
that
are
still
bloudie
with
the
slaughter
of
our
friends
and
allyes
,
are
transported
into
France
and
Sweden
.
And
yet
notwithstanding
,
what
labour
soever
had
beene
used
by
mans
industrie
,
and
whatsoever
Envie
can
endeavour
for
the
destruction
of
Innocents
,
the
justice
of
the
common
Cause
remaines
invincible
;
there
hath
hitherto
neither
wanted
successe
to
things
ill
designed
,
nor
an
expected
event
to
things
very
ill
undertaken
;
but
the
execution
of
this
Peace
remaines
as
unhappie
,
as
the
Treatie
thereof
was
unjust
.
So
perpetually
true
is
that
Maxime
of
Providence
,
That
fortune
is
answerable
to
the
designes
,
the
issue
conformable
to
the
inventions
,
and
ill
counsell
the
worst
to
the
counseller
.
Neither
is
it
to
be
thought
strange
,
that
so
unluckie
and
so
unjust
a
Pacification
hath
rather
kindled
a
Warre
,
then
quenched
it
;
when
as
the
authors
of
it
aymed
onely
at
this
,
to
preferre
their
private
ends
before
the
publike
good
,
to
purchase
their
owne
securitie
with
the
ruine
of
others
,
and
make
havocke
of
the
safetie
of
all
,
for
the
quiet
of
a
few
.
And
so
factious
spirits
being
drawne
into
contrarie
wayes
,
in
stead
of
an
universall
Peace
came
forth
a
particular
transaction
,
dishonourable
to
the
Emperour
,
disgracefull
to
the
Saxon
,
trecherous
to
the
Protestants
;
to
them
that
were
excluded
,
voide
;
and
in
the
censure
of
Strangers
,
most
shamefull
;
and
as
well
in
regard
of
them
that
contracted
it
,
as
on
their
behalfe
against
whom
it
was
contracted
,
of
no
force
or
validitie
at
all
.
CHAP.
I.
The
first
Nullitie
of
the
Treatie
on
the
Emperours
part
:
first
,
because
treating
concerning
Church-Lands
exceedeth
the
power
of
the
Emperour
.
FOr
first
,
to
let
that
passe
,
that
a
few
Princes
of
Germany
,
who
in
the
common
Cause
are
not
Iudges
,
but
parties
,
cannot
at
any
private
Meeting
determine
of
the
affaires
of
the
Empire
,
nor
debate
at
their
pleasure
,
in
a
Conventicle
at
Prague
,
Controversies
which
are
onely
to
be
decided
in
the
generall
Assemblies
of
the
Empire
,
nor
to
conclude
upon
a
Peace
concerning
the
tranquillitie
of
the
Christian
World
,
within
the
secret
Chambers
of
one
Citie
:
and
in
a
word
,
out
of
a
corner
of
one
Kingdome
,
to
denounce
a
deadly
Warre
against
so
many
Princes
,
Dominions
,
and
Kingdomes
.
Certaine
it
is
,
by
the
opinion
of
the
Doctors
of
the
Austrian
side
,
That
the
Emperour
cannot
establish
a
lawfull
and
firme
League
with
Heretickes
upon
such
a
condition
,
as
to
grant
unto
them
the
Lands
and
Rights
belonging
to
the
Church
,
lately
usurped
by
them
,
and
free
exercise
of
their
Heresie
in
the
Empire
:
So
,
amongst
others
,
did
Iacobus
Simandra
,
Tractat.
tom.
11.
p.
11.
p.
181.
Bishop
of
Pace
,
teach
a
good
while
since
,
in
his
Booke
of
Catholicke
Instruction
,
cap.
46.
n.
52.
where
hee
saith
,
That
this
doth
also
appertaine
to
the
punishment
and
hatred
of
these
Heretickes
(
meaning
the
Lutherans
)
That
faith
or
promise
made
unto
them
is
not
to
bee
kept
,
notwithstanding
it
be
confirmed
by
oath
:
And
a
little
after
:
There
can
be
no
commerce
nor
peace
with
heretikes
,
and
that
therefore
faith
given
unto
them
,
though
confirmed
by
oath
,
ought
by
no
meanes
to
bee
kept
:
And
hee
addes
further
,
This
is
often
said
by
us
,
and
yet
it
is
necessary
to
bee
uncessantly
itterated
,
and
not
to
be
silenced
as
long
as
that
name
of
peace
is
pretended
.
So
Conradus
Brunius
professor
of
the
law
,
and
Chancelor
of
Otho
Truchsesius
Bishop
of
Auspurg
at
the
same
time
,
when
the
transaction
of
Passaw
was
established
in
the
Empire
,
in
his
third
Booke
de
Hereticis
c.
15.
puts
this
question
.
Tractat
tom.
11.
p.
305.
Whether
contracts
,
agreements
,
lawes
and
rescripts
,
whereby
heretike
,
doe
obtaine
peace
and
securitie
,
be
of
any
force
or
validitie
,
so
as
if
any
man
shall
offend
them
,
bee
be
guilty
of
the
breach
of
such
a
peace
?
Also
who
they
bee
,
that
are
permitted
to
reforme
Churches
,
administer
and
dispence
,
to
possesse
lands
and
estates
belonging
to
Churches
,
and
Ecclesiasticall
Iurisdiction
to
bee
suspended
against
them
?
And
hee
answereth
expresly
,
that
such
contracts
,
agreements
,
&c.
are
of
no
validitie
:
And
that
it
is
an
unjust
and
blasphemous
condition
,
whereby
permission
is
given
to
Heretikes
to
teach
their
doctrines
:
And
in
the
end
of
the
same
Chapter
hee
addeth
,
At
this
day
no
peace
can
be
of
force
which
is
made
with
Heretikes
,
upon
this
condition
they
are
not
to
bee
offended
.
That
,
that
peace
is
abhominable
and
to
be
abhorred
,
which
is
is
made
upon
this
condition
that
those
which
offend
them
should
bee
condemned
to
have
broken
the
peace
:
That
on
the
contrary
,
all
Divine
and
Humane
lawes
would
have
them
utterly
distinguished
.
And
so
lately
Martinus
Becanus
Doctor
of
Divinitie
and
Professor
at
Mentz
,
in
a
disputation
concerning
faith
to
be
held
with
Heretikes
,
c.
10.
p.
88.
and
so
forward
teacheth
,
That
,
Set
forth
at
Mentz
.
1607.
and
reprinted
,
1619.
that
Libertie
granted
,
or
Accord
made
touching
Religion
,
whereby
it
is
freely
permitted
to
a
man
to
bee
a
Catholike
,
or
a
Lutheran
,
or
a
Calvinist
is
altogether
unlawfull
,
and
repugnant
to
Gods
Commandement
;
And
is
not
to
bee
tolerated
otherwise
then
for
some
time
,
and
for
the
avoyding
of
some
greater
mischiefe
:
And
p.
94.
Let
all
men
know
,
that
although
such
kind
of
men
may
have
obtained
some
such
thing
by
some
speciall
Rescript
or
Contract
,
yet
it
is
of
no
force
.
And
so
a
Booke
very
lately
set
forth
touching
the
conclusion
of
a
peace
made
betwixt
the
Catholikes
and
the
Adherents
,
to
the
confession
of
Auspurg
,
published
by
the
Commandment
and
Authoritie
of
the
Superiors
at
Dilling
,
1629.
and
approoved
by
the
Doctors
professing
the
Law
in
the
Archdukes
Vniversitie
of
Freiburgh
,
and
added
by
way
of
Commentary
to
that
Edict
of
Restitution
of
the
sixth
of
March
1629.
doth
in
many
places
professedly
teach
,
That
such
trans-actions
or
agreements
of
Catholikes
with
Heretikes
and
Lutherans
,
are
by
the
Law
it selfe
voyd
,
unlawfull
,
and
unluckie
:
And
hee
alleadgeth
divers
reasons
of
this
assertion
,
whereof
for
brevities
sake
I
will
onely
point
at
the
chiefe
.
His
first
is
,
That
such
a
Treaty
exceeds
the
limits
of
secular
,
yea
,
even
of
Imperiall
Iurisdiction
:
So
hee
teacheth
,
c.
5.
q.
25.
n.
20.
p.
114.
in
these
words
:
The
Emperors
neither
would
nor
could
decree
by
their
authoritie
,
that
certaine
Ecclesiasticall
Benefices
possessed
by
the
Confessionist
,
ought
to
be
left
unto
them
:
And
p.
122.
It
exceeds
all
secular
,
yea
,
and
the
supreme
Caesarean
power
,
to
determine
that
Church
lands
and
benefices
being
translated
from
lawfull
Ecclesiasticall
Prelats
and
beneficed
men
to
Lay
persons
uncapable
thereof
,
and
averse
from
the
Catholike
religion
,
ought
to
remaine
in
their
possession
:
the
Iurisdiction
over
their
estates
and
persons
,
being
taken
away
from
the
rest
of
the
Bishops
and
Prelates
,
as
to
the
use
and
exercise
thereof
.
His
second
reason
which
is
,
because
a
Catholike
Prince
cannot
by
any
promises
bind
himselfe
to
tolerate
Heresie
,
is
declared
in
the
same
Chapter
,
q.
26.
n.
27.
p.
133.
in
these
words
:
To
speake
absolutely
(
case
of
necessitie
excepted
)
it
is
unlawfull
for
a
Magistrate
,
and
injurious
against
God
to
tolerate
Heresie
:
And
a
little
after
n.
30.
If
in
some
case
and
some
time
it
may
be
lawfull
to
tolerate
Heresie
;
yet
it
is
not
lawfull
for
any
man
to
bind
himselfe
by
promises
or
oathes
to
tolerate
it
;
because
by
the
law
l.
5.
ff.
de
pactis
,
That
contract
and
agreement
is
void
whereby
any
man
is
invited
or
drawn
on
to
offend
:
And
n.
31.
Though
at
some
time
a
Catholike
Magistrate
in
a
case
of
extreame
necessitie
may
prudently
bind
himselfe
to
tolerate
his
Heretike
subjects
for
a
certaine
time
;
yet
that
such
a
promise
should
bee
made
perpetuall
,
it
can
scarse
at
any
time
bee
lawfull
:
An
expresse
reason
immediately
followeth
;
Because
a
Magistrate
cannot
permit
or
promise
a
toleration
of
Heresie
in
his
Country
,
unlesse
it
bee
to
avoid
a
greater
mischiefe
from
the
Common
Wealth
:
But
there
can
no
mischiefe
happen
more
grievous
and
pernicious
to
a
Common
Wealth
,
then
if
Heresie
bee
so
brought
in
,
that
it
may
at
no
time
bee
lawfull
to
prohibit
,
or
remove
it
.
A
third
reason
is
there
alleadged
,
q.
28.
n.
47.
Because
the
authoritie
and
approbation
of
the
Pope
ought
to
interpose
before
a
league
can
be
lawfully
made
with
Heretikes
for
the
tolerating
of
their
Religion
.
For
whereas
such
a
league
doth
tend
to
the
detriment
of
the
Church
,
and
doth
indirectly
concerne
spiritual
matter
,
that
is
to
say
,
permitting
of
a
false
religion
,
therfore
nothing
ought
herein
to
be
determined
the
Pope
not
being
first
consulted
with
:
Now
the
Treaty
of
Passaw
,
and
the
Pacification
of
Prague
were
never
approved
by
the
Pope
,
and
therefore
by
the
Iudgement
of
the
Austrian
Doctors
are
of
no
moment
and
validitie
:
2.
Because
this
trans-action
is
founded
upon
the
Treaty
of
Passaw
.
Which
ought
so
much
the
more
to
bee
considered
,
because
the
Pacification
of
Prague
in
the
principall
parts
thereof
is
founded
upon
the
Trans-action
of
Passaw
:
for
so
saith
the
first
Article
in
the
frontispiece
expresly
:
As
for
the
possessions
of
the
Church
mediately
depending
of
the
holy
Empire
,
let
the
constitution
of
the
Treaty
of
Passaw
remain
unviolated
.
But
by
the
doctrine
of
the
same
Doctors
,
in
the
Preface
of
the
book
formerly
cited
,
&c.
v.
q.
25.
p.
115.
The
peace
of
Religion
concluded
with
the
Lutherans
at
Nurenbergh
,
1552.
and
confirmed
at
Auspurg
,
1555.
is
no
finall
accord
,
no
generall
or
pragmaticall
,
nor
perpetuall
sanction
or
trans-action
,
but
onely
a
temporarie
contract
,
agreement
,
and
constitution
;
which
as
it
was
introduced
and
established
by
the
Emperors
authoritie
,
with
the
consent
of
divers
States
of
the
Empire
,
so
by
the
like
power
of
a
succeeding
Emperor
the
greater
part
of
the
Princes
of
the
Empire
giving
their
votes
therunto
,
it
may
bee
repealed
.
Yea
,
and
even
in
it selfe
it
is
of
no
great
validitie
,
being
by
force
of
armes
extracted
from
Charles
V.
and
upon
urgent
necessity
granted
to
the
Lutherans
by
Ferdinand
I.
For
so
the
agreement
of
peace
often
cited
c.
5.
q.
24.
p.
109.
Anno
1554.
saith
:
When
Charles
V.
did
make
a
pacificatorie
transaction
with
the
Confessionists
,
the
State
of
the
affaires
in
the
Empire
was
so
troubled
,
that
the
Emperor
knew
not
what
counsell
to
follow
;
and
therefore
confessed
,
that
hee
being
pressed
with
adversities
and
hard
conditions
,
did
grant
peace
to
the
Heretikes
,
and
did
commend
the
desperate
state
of
the
Catholikes
in
Germany
to
Gods
good
pleasure
,
untill
a
a
more
fortunate
time
and
occasion
did
offer
it selfe
.
Iohannes
Paulus
Windeck
taught
the
same
doctrine
a
good
while
since
,
in
his
deliberation
touching
the
rooting
out
of
Heretikes
,
printed
at
Colen
with
the
leave
and
priviledge
of
the
Caesarean
Majestie
,
art.
3.
in
the
answer
to
the
4.
Objection
p.
324.
That
which
the
Emperour
did
by
this
agreement
of
peace
grant
to
the
Protestants
,
hee
was
compelled
to
doe
it
by
extreame
necessitie
:
For
the
Turke
at
that
time
hovering
over
Austria
,
it
was
necessarie
for
him
to
gather
together
al
his
strength
from
al
parts
round
about
him
.
Besides
,
although
the
Ttrans-action
of
this
peace
had
beene
most
free
,
yet
according
to
the
opinion
of
the
foresaid
Doctors
,
there
was
no
interest
in
the
possessions
of
the
Church
granted
by
it
to
the
Lutherans
,
but
onely
a
suspension
of
the
Bishops
interest
in
them
.
And
so
doth
the
Booke
of
the
conclusion
of
the
peace
expressely
teach
,
c.
6.
q.
30.
n.
4.
5.
6.
7.
When
it
saith
:
That
by
the
transaction
of
Passaw
no
right
or
authoritie
was
granted
to
the
Heretickes
of
detayning
or
usurping
the
possessions
of
the
Church
,
or
teaching
the
confession
of
Auspurg
in
the
Empire
against
the
Catholike
truth
;
but
they
onely
obtained
a
suspension
of
Episcopall
Iurisdiction
and
of
actions
belonging
to
Catholikes
.
And
yet
more
expressely
n.
5.
The
Catholikes
doe
possesse
the
Church-lands
,
and
the
exercise
of
their
Religi
-
by
their
proper
and
ancient
right
;
but
Confessionists
who
have
no
just
title
to
them
,
have
interest
in
them
onely
by
detaining
them
;
and
besides
,
and
contrary
to
all
right
and
justice
doe
enjoy
that
permission
and
indulgence
granted
unto
them
,
not
without
the
prejudice
and
damage
of
the
Catholikes
:
Yea
,
and
they
hold
the
exercise
of
their
Heresie
onely
by
priviledge
,
and
a
speciall
or
extraordinary
kind
of
right
:
for
it
is
manifest
that
the
confession
of
Auspurg
was
received
in
the
Empire
by
such
a
speciall
and
extraordinary
right
,
L.
Quod
verò
C.
de
legibus
.
Ius
speciale
in
consequentiam
non
trahendum
.
and
by
favour
and
indulgence
,
whereas
it
is
rejected
every
where
else
.
Whereupon
hee
instantly
inferreth
by
way
of
Corollary
,
That
the
Lutherans
doe
without
cause
complaine
,
that
the
Catholikes
doe
call
the
Confession
of
Auspurg
a
meere
toleration
;
when
as
it
is
certaine
,
that
it
hath
beene
divers
times
condemned
in
the
Empire
,
never
approoved
,
but
onely
tolerated
;
and
that
no
injurie
is
herein
done
to
the
Lutherans
,
who
can
shew
no
title
or
evidence
for
their
possession
or
detention
,
but
onely
force
and
intrusion
:
When
as
on
the
contrary
side
the
Catholikes
,
though
they
bee
safe
enough
by
the
Prescription
of
a
most
ancient
possession
,
yet
for
the
more
abundant
justification
of
their
right
,
they
can
make
their
titles
and
evidences
appeare
to
all
.
Moreover
,
although
the
Treaty
of
Passaw
were
of
undoubted
authoritie
,
yet
by
the
opinion
of
the
Catholikes
,
the
Protestants
have
very
many
waies
violated
that
sanction
,
and
as
much
as
in
them
lay
,
have
utterly
abrogated
it
:
In
regard
that
not
onely
after
the
publishing
of
it
Anno
1552.
and
1555.
they
did
by
force
and
intrusion
,
throwing
out
the
Catholikes
,
take
possession
of
three
Archbishopricks
,
fourteene
Bishopricks
,
and
above
three
hundred
Church-livings
and
Monasteries
(
amongst
which
the
Dominicans
alone
are
said
to
have
lost
above
seventie
)
as
that
Declaration
of
the
Peace
of
Religion
concluded
betwixt
the
Catholikes
and
Protestant
Princes
,
and
Nobles
of
the
Empire
,
printed
as
it
seemeth
at
Munchin
1629.
in
Quarto
.
particularly
sheweth
;
but
also
by
very
many
new
Doctrines
brought
in
touching
the
Vbiquitie
of
Christs
Body
,
Free-will
,
the
Masse
or
Eucharist
,
they
have
so
altered
the
Confession
of
Auspurg
set
forth
in
the
Booke
of
Concord
1580.
That
at
this
day
there
are
no
Protestants
found
in
the
world
,
who
doe
still
Adhere
to
the
true
Confession
of
Auspurg
,
as
it
was
presented
by
their
Ancestors
to
Charles
V.
Anno
1530.
Besides
that
,
many
Protestants
leaving
the
Doctrine
of
the
Confession
of
Auspurgh
,
have
in
very
many
Articles
imbraced
the
opinions
of
Calvin
,
and
Zvinglius
:
From
whence
it
appeares
as
cleere
as
the
Noone
day
,
that
since
the
Peace
of
Religion
1552.
was
onely
granted
to
those
that
professe
the
true
Confession
of
Auspurgh
,
and
that
all
the
Protestants
are
in
many
points
departed
from
it
;
and
many
of
them
have
declined
to
the
Heresie
of
Calvin
:
They
have
by
the
judgement
of
the
Catholikes
,
long
since
deprived
themselves
of
all
grace
and
priviledges
granted
unto
them
by
the
Peace
of
Religion
;
and
have
made
themselves
unworthy
of
any
further
toleration
:
as
the
Booke
of
the
Conclusion
of
Peace
prooveth
every
point
at
large
c.
10.
and
11.
q.
81.
and
82.
p.
574.
581.
&c.
Neither
indeede
did
the
Austrian
Emperours
ever
deny
,
3.
By
the
confession
of
the
Emperours
themselves
.
that
it
was
out
of
their
power
and
jurisdiction
to
determine
any
thing
in
matter
of
Religion
,
against
the
Decrees
of
the
holy
Canons
,
or
Councels
.
So
without
doubt
did
the
Emperour
Ferdinand
.
I.
confesse
expresly
at
the
breaking
up
of
the
Assembly
of
Auspurgh
,
Anno
1559.
the
13.
year
1559
day
of
Iune
,
in
these
words
:
It
is
beyond
the
compasse
of
all
Secular
power
,
yea
,
even
the
Supreame
Imperiall
Majestie
it selfe
,
that
the
possessions
of
the
Church
should
be
translated
from
lawfull
Prelates
and
devolved
unto
Lay
and
Hereticall
persons
,
and
remaine
in
their
possession
.
So
also
Rodulph
.
II.
When
he
granted
libertie
of
Religion
to
the
Protestant
States
of
Hungary
and
Austria
,
in
his
declaratory
Letter
of
the
sixth
of
August
1606.
year
1606
saith
,
That
as
well
those
Articles
which
belong
to
Religion
and
the
Ecclesiasticall
Order
,
as
the
rest
,
are
thus
to
bee
understood
,
so
farre
forth
as
they
bee
not
contrary
to
his
Oath
given
to
the
States
at
his
Coronation
,
for
the
defence
of
the
Catholike
Religion
,
and
extirpation
of
Heresie
.
And
for
this
cause
the
Emperour
Charles
V.
published
a
generall
revocation
of
all
those
things
which
hee
confessed
,
hee
sometimes
granted
to
Heretikes
against
his
conscience
,
dated
at
Bruxels
19.
September
,
year
1555
1555.
which
was
a
little
after
the
Peace
of
Religion
granted
by
Ferdinand
I.
at
Nurenberg
and
Auspurgh
;
with
no
other
intention
but
this
,
that
at
one
and
the
same
time
,
hee
might
willingly
by
himselfe
disanull
that
liberty
,
which
being
compelled
by
his
brother
,
he
had
formerly
published
.
Which
they
doe
at
this
day
suppose
to
bee
made
the
more
sacred
and
solemne
,
because
after
the
publication
of
the
Councell
of
Trent
1564.
year
1564
by
the
Bull
of
Pope
Pius
the
fourth
,
which
revoked
all
things
that
were
granted
in
prejudice
of
the
said
Councell
:
All
Contracts
,
Agreements
,
and
Ordinances
,
in
those
points
wherein
they
are
contrary
to
the
Decrees
of
the
Councell
,
are
by
Law
revoked
,
made
voyd
,
and
disanulled
;
and
reduced
to
the
rules
and
limits
of
that
Councell
,
and
so
are
judged
to
be
.
4.
Experience
of
things
past
.
And
this
is
the
reason
why
notwithstanding
all
cautions
,
assurances
,
and
Capitulations
whatsoever
made
to
the
contrary
,
the
Austrians
ever
have
proceeded
,
and
still
doe
in
the
reformation
of
Religion
,
and
extirpation
of
Heresie
with
open
force
,
in
the
Palatinate
,
Bohemia
,
Hungary
,
Austria
,
&c.
because
they
believe
all
such
Agreements
and
Capitulations
to
bee
frustrate
,
and
voyd
in
Law
;
and
that
they
can
bee
confirmed
by
no
Oath
or
Contract
whatsoever
.
And
that
we
may
not
depart
any
further
from
our
intended
discourse
.
Ferdinand
II.
then
Arch-Duke
of
Gratz
,
now
Emperor
,
although
at
his
Coronation
Anno
1599.
year
1599
hee
had
fully
promised
to
the
Nobles
of
the
Confession
of
Auspurgh
,
and
the
Subjects
of
the
three
Hereditary
Provinces
of
Styria
,
Carinthia
,
and
Carniola
,
liberty
of
conscience
.
Yet
presently
upon
it
,
in
the
very
beginning
of
his
Government
by
a
publike
Edict
,
he
drave
all
the
Heretikes
out
of
his
Dominions
,
and
in
a
solemne
resolution
given
unto
the
States
of
those
three
Provinces
at
Gratz
,
the
last
of
Aprill
1599.
he
openly
professed
,
That
those
Heretikes
could
alledge
no
priviledge
either
in
holy
Scriptures
,
or
in
any
Law
of
God
or
man
,
for
the
Exercise
of
their
Religion
.
And
the
same
Emperour
although
by
the
sacred
Charter
of
Rodulph
II.
year
1609
Anno
1609.
sufficient
provision
was
made
for
the
States
of
the
Kingdome
of
Bohemia
,
to
have
free
Exercise
of
their
Religion
of
both
kinds
;
yet
assoone
as
he
tooke
upon
him
the
Government
of
that
Kingdome
,
hee
demolished
divers
of
the
Protestants
Churches
to
the
ground
,
and
shut
up
the
Inhabitants
in
prison
:
Whereupon
soone
after
arose
those
wofull
troubles
in
Bohemia
.
And
not
long
after
that
,
Anno
1621.
though
,
year
1621
when
hee
was
advanced
to
the
Empire
,
hee
had
promised
the
States
of
Silesia
,
by
a
solemne
agreement
made
betwixt
them
,
that
if
they
would
leave
the
Party
of
the
Prince
Palatine
Fredericke
,
hee
would
religiously
preserve
all
their
Rights
and
Priviledges
,
both
Ecclesiasticall
and
Temporall
:
Yet
for
all
this
,
when
the
Prince
Palatine
was
dispossessed
,
he
did
presently
after
with
all
the
strength
hee
could
,
contrary
to
his
covenants
and
promises
,
every
where
abrogate
the
Profession
of
Auspurgh
.
And
although
in
the
yeare
1619.
year
1619
at
his
Election
at
Franckford
by
a
new
agreement
,
amongst
other
Articles
of
the
Emperours
Capitulation
,
hee
had
bound
himselfe
to
the
Electors
and
Protestant
Princes
of
the
Empire
,
by
a
particular
Oath
for
the
defence
of
the
Peace
of
Religion
in
Germany
:
yet
notwithstanding
,
when
hee
had
gotten
the
upper
hand
in
the
Empire
,
year
1629
hee
did
by
the
Edict
of
restitution
proscribe
all
the
possessions
of
the
Church
,
that
were
in
the
Lutherans
jurisdiction
,
and
prohibited
the
Exercise
of
the
Religion
of
Auspurgh
in
them
;
which
gave
the
occasion
of
this
most
bloudy
Warre
in
Germany
.
And
though
now
,
year
1635
the
necessity
of
his
affaires
urging
him
to
it
,
and
being
spent
with
Warre
;
he
hath
made
a
Peace
for
forty
yeares
with
the
most
powerfull
of
the
Protestants
.
Yet
hath
hee
not
layd
aside
his
former
purpose
of
casting
out
all
his
adversaries
under
the
name
of
Heretikes
,
and
of
stripping
them
of
all
their
strength
,
under
the
colour
of
restoring
the
possessions
of
the
Church
,
and
of
preserving
no
other
Peace
in
Germany
,
but
amongst
Catholikes
;
holding
himselfe
to
this
resolution
,
That
Catholikes
can
hold
no
firme
Peace
with
Heretikes
.
That
this
was
the
intention
of
the
Sacred
Imperiall
Majestie
,
it
was
in
publique
shew
declared
by
a
Booke
made
by
his
commandment
at
the
Dyet
of
Ratisbone
,
and
published
a
little
after
at
Auspurgh
,
in
the
yeare
1630.
year
1630
under
this
Title
The
foundations
of
the
Peace
happily
laid
in
the
sacred
Roman
Empire
,
by
the
approbation
of
Pope
Vrban
8.
and
by
the
assent
of
Ferdinand
2.
Caesar
Augustus
.
That
is
to
say
,
That
no
firme
Peace
can
be
hoped
for
in
Germany
,
but
by
the
restitution
of
Religion
,
and
the
possessions
of
the
Catholikes
into
their
former
state
and
condition
:
But
if
at
any
time
for
the
avoyding
of
a
greater
mischiefe
,
Peace
had
beene
granted
unto
Heretikes
by
the
Austrians
,
it
was
done
but
for
a
time
,
to
the
end
,
that
some
better
occasion
being
shortly
after
offered
,
the
whole
burthen
and
weight
of
a
Warre
might
be
turned
upon
them
.
So
did
Iohanne
,
Paulus
Windeck
clearely
confesse
not
long
since
in
the
Consultation
above
cited
,
p.
414.
in
these
words
,
year
1619
The
Trans-action
which
Catholikes
have
sometimes
made
with
Sectaries
,
they
have
made
them
ayming
at
this
end
,
that
other
businesses
,
being
dispatched
in
the
meane
time
,
afterwards
they
might
make
and
manage
this
Warre
wholly
against
Sectaries
,
and
turne
the
whole
Weight
thereof
upon
their
backes
.
year
1629
For
so
doth
Peter
Ribadeneira
teach
,
that
Christian
dissimulation
is
to
bee
used
,
in
his
Booke
de
Principe
,
lib.
1.
cap.
26.
p.
178.
If
great
dangers
bee
feared
;
and
Becanus
in
his
disputation
of
keeping
faith
with
Heretickes
,
c.
10.
p.
89.
saith
,
If
the
Lutheran
Religion
cannot
bee
conveniently
hindred
,
or
driven
out
of
a
State
,
but
with
a
greater
damage
to
the
Common-wealth
,
then
it
may
bee
tolerated
for
some
time
,
untill
a
more
fortunate
season
,
or
occasion
doe
offer
it selfe
,
as
that
Composition
of
Peace
teacheth
,
n.
1609.
And
that
this
consideration
of
concluding
a
Peace
for
a
time
was
observed
in
that
Transaction
of
Prague
,
the
businesse
it selfe
declares
:
5.
Out
of
the
Treaty
of
Prague
it selfe
.
For
that
Trans-action
though
at
the
first
appearance
it
doe
seeme
somewhat
the
more
ignominious
,
and
disadvantageous
to
the
Austrians
,
as
being
that
,
whereby
not
onely
that
Sacred
Edict
of
the
Emperour
,
touching
the
restitution
of
the
possessions
of
the
Church
of
the
sixth
of
March
1629.
being
published
against
the
Lutherans
,
is
wholly
abrogated
,
but
also
very
many
grievances
of
the
Protestants
exhibited
at
the
Dyet
of
Ratisbone
1630.
year
1630
and
in
the
Convention
of
Lipsich
are
reformed
,
according
to
their
owne
desire
,
year
1631
yet
it
doth
secretly
make
the
Emperour
Master
over
all
his
enemies
;
yea
,
and
sole
Lord
and
Master
in
the
Empire
.
Whilest
amongst
other
things
it
giveth
him
Hereditary
right
over
the
Kingdomes
of
Bohemia
and
Hungary
,
the
free
disposition
of
the
Colledge
of
Electors
,
and
Imperiall
Chamber
;
absolute
command
over
all
the
Armies
of
Germany
;
and
in
conclusion
,
a
plenary
cognizance
of
all
suits
and
controversies
,
which
should
hereafter
arise
touching
matter
of
Religion
,
and
this
pacification
.
So
that
what
he
seemed
to
grant
with
his
left
hand
,
hee
presently
takes
away
with
his
right
,
and
whilest
he
promiseth
a
Peace
of
a
few
yeares
to
the
Lutherans
,
hee
graspes
into
his
hand
all
the
Forces
of
the
whole
Empire
,
being
ready
to
employ
them
against
the
Lutherans
at
his
pleasure
,
upon
the
first
occasion
,
as
hath
beene
done
heretofore
.
CHAP.
II.
The
second
Nullity
of
the
Treaty
on
the
part
of
the
Duke
of
Saxony
:
First
,
because
that
by
this
meanes
the
strength
of
the
Protestants
is
utterly
ruined
.
THerefore
the
Princes
of
the
smaler
States
being
excluded
from
the
Amnestia
,
he
concluded
a
League
with
the
most
powerfull
head
of
the
Protestants
,
by
which
hee
did
not
onely
joyne
the
greatest
part
of
the
great
men
to
his
Partie
,
but
also
(
which
was
the
Principall
thing
of
all
)
he
disjoyned
and
separated
the
most
powerfull
of
his
enemies
;
using
this
as
a
most
certaine
subtiltie
to
elude
the
strength
of
his
adversaries
,
if
he
might
be
able
to
destroy
those
being
drawne
asunder
,
for
whom
he
was
too
weake
being
gathered
together
.
That
forces
united
are
stronger
then
divided
,
and
that
a
common
danger
is
to
be
kept
off
by
concord
,
reason
hath
dictated
to
all
men
,
and
experience
hath
confirmed
to
the
Protestants
.
The
Emperour
who
hath
hitherto
beene
too
weake
,
when
their
Armies
were
joyned
together
,
could
find
no
surer
remedy
then
the
separation
of
them
;
and
whilest
hee
doth
with
mutuall
slaughters
destroy
his
adversaries
,
he
being
now
growne
mightier
by
the
divisions
and
discords
of
the
Lutherans
,
turnes
the
faults
of
his
enemies
into
the
hope
of
a
Victory
.
This
is
the
ancient
cunning
of
the
House
of
Austria
,
having
beene
with
happy
successe
practised
a
good
while
since
by
Charles
V.
and
Ferdinand
I.
Iohannes
Paulus
Windeck
,
is
a
domesticall
witnesse
hereof
in
his
deliberation
touching
the
rooting
out
of
Heretikes
,
p.
412.
and
so
forward
:
whose
words
ought
to
bee
to
the
Princes
of
Germany
decretorie
,
when
he
saith
:
For
the
driving
out
of
Sectaries
is
required
.
First
,
a
league
and
association
of
Catholike
Princes
.
Secondly
,
the
occasion
is
not
to
be
neglected
,
and
that
is
,
when
the
Protestants
money
is
exhausted
.
Thirdly
,
that
the
Catholikes
may
the
more
easily
suppresse
the
Sectaries
,
let
them
by
the
invention
of
divers
causes
and
pretences
,
pull
them
asunder
one
from
another
,
and
that
was
practized
by
Charles
V.
very
much
to
his
benefit
.
Fourthly
,
let
Catholikes
get
in
forraine
aides
to
their
assistance
,
for
the
vanquishing
of
Sectaries
:
and
on
the
other
side
,
let
them
use
all
the
caution
that
may
be
,
that
the
Sectaries
get
no
assistance
from
forrainers
.
All
these
things
were
most
exactly
observed
,
in
the
Pacification
of
Prague
;
When
as
the
League
of
Catholikes
being
in
name
taken
away
by
it
,
under
the
Title
of
Empire
was
framed
an
association
of
most
of
the
Princes
with
the
Austrians
;
and
presently
after
,
the
strongest
of
the
Protestants
,
the
Palatines
,
the
Hessians
,
and
they
of
Wirtemberg
,
&c.
were
drawne
away
from
the
rest
.
And
least
hereafter
they
should
call
in
aide
from
Forreiners
for
the
defence
of
their
cause
;
under
pretext
of
Peace
,
Warre
was
denounced
against
the
French
,
and
the
Swedes
,
with
a
most
calamitous
delusion
of
the
Saxon
:
Who
,
whilest
hee
seekes
a
private
Peace
rather
then
a
publique
;
whilest
hee
laboured
for
the
friendship
of
one
man
,
neglecting
the
friendship
of
all
;
whilest
flying
from
a
Warre
,
hitherto
unhappy
unto
him
,
he
laboureth
to
transferre
it
to
Forreiners
and
his
friends
;
hee
not
being
wary
of
it
,
did
(
as
the
Historian
long
since
reported
of
Marseilles
)
for
feare
of
a
Warre
,
Florus
Hist.
lib.
4.
cap.
3.
fall
into
a
Warre
:
A
Warre
so
much
the
more
unjust
,
because
undertaken
against
Brethren
,
against
Allies
,
against
Fellow-professors
of
the
same
faith
and
beliefe
;
by
him
who
had
no
rightfull
power
or
command
over
them
.
2.
Because
the
Treating
of
a
common
Peace
exceeds
the
power
of
the
Duke
of
Saxony
.
For
I
pray
you
,
By
what
authoritie
doth
the
most
illustrious
Duke
of
Saxony
,
who
in
this
businesse
is
neither
Vicar
of
the
Empire
nor
Procurator
for
the
Protestants
,
nor
Vmpire
for
Forreiners
,
alone
by
himselfe
take
upon
him
to
determine
the
controversies
of
the
whole
Empire
?
By
what
power
doth
hee
endeavour
to
alter
,
or
abrogate
in
a
private
corner
,
things
long
since
determined
in
the
publique
Assemblies
,
touching
both
the
Religious
,
and
Temporall
Peace
?
By
what
right
can
hee
limit
to
the
space
of
forty
yeares
,
the
liberty
of
Religion
granted
to
all
the
Protestants
for
ever
?
Why
doth
hee
alone
make
an
accord
touching
the
disposition
of
the
Colledge
of
Electors
,
touching
the
reformation
of
the
Imperiall
Chamber
,
touching
military
affaires
,
and
the
contribution
of
all
the
States
of
the
Empire
,
to
the
prejudice
of
most
men
,
and
against
the
Will
of
all
?
By
what
licence
or
power
doth
hee
presume
to
transferre
Cities
,
Provinces
,
Principalities
;
Subjects
neither
to
himselfe
,
nor
any
body
else
,
and
to
bring
them
under
the
private
command
of
the
Emperour
?
Doth
it
belong
to
his
charge
to
make
Bohemia
,
Silesia
,
Moravia
Hereditary
to
the
Austrians
?
And
Lusatia
to
himselfe
?
To
take
away
the
Palatinate
and
Dutchy
of
Wirtembergh
,
from
their
proper
Lords
,
and
Philipsbourgh
,
which
was
in
all
sacred
right
belonging
to
her
owne
Bishop
?
And
in
a
word
,
to
arme
all
the
forces
of
Germany
against
the
French
,
for
the
recovery
of
Lorraine
?
As
if
hee
had
any
authoritie
over
forraine
States
,
or
as
if
he
being
circumscribed
and
limited
himselfe
,
could
prescribe
lawes
to
them
,
over
whom
as
being
his
equalls
,
and
his
betters
,
he
hath
no
command
:
Let
him
rather
blame
himselfe
for
being
so
ill
advised
,
as
under
a
pretext
of
Peace
,
to
approove
all
the
former
Injuries
,
and
usurpations
of
the
Austrians
:
And
for
that
hee
alone
hath
by
the
connivence
of
a
foure
moneths
Treaty
established
those
things
which
they
were
not
able
to
perswade
the
world
unto
by
almost
twenty
yeares
War
.
The
truth
is
,
to
the
end
that
the
forepassed
actions
of
the
Emperour
might
have
some
title
of
right
,
they
must
bee
confirmed
by
a
Triumvirall
pacification
;
and
that
things
done
contrary
to
law
and
right
,
L.
54.
D.
de
regulis
juris
.
Nemo
plus
juris
ad
alium
transfere
potest
,
quam
ipse
haberet
.
might
carry
some
shew
of
Iustice
,
they
were
to
be
established
by
a
publique
conspiracie
:
Wherein
neverthelesse
the
Emperour
had
no
addition
at
all
of
authoritie
,
nor
the
Duke
of
Saxony
the
least
increase
of
profit
.
For
by
this
Trans-action
of
Prague
,
3.
Because
this
Treaty
of
the
Duke
of
Saxony
is
unprofitable
and
hurtfull
to
the
Protestants
.
neither
was
his
Dignitie
increased
,
nor
his
Iurisdiction
honorably
enlarged
;
nor
the
Religion
whereof
he
taketh
upon
him
to
be
a
Prince
,
and
a
Defender
,
any
where
propagated
,
much
lesse
firmely
established
:
But
on
the
contrary
,
of
a
free
Prince
,
and
one
that
hath
so
often
triumphed
over
his
enemies
,
he
is
made
a
Commissary
of
the
House
of
Austria
.
His
Territories
are
become
as
a
bulwarke
to
the
Bavarians
,
and
Hungarians
;
the
profession
of
the
Confession
of
Auspurgh
under
so
noble
a
Protector
,
was
thrust
out
of
doores
in
the
most
and
best
Provinces
of
the
Empire
,
and
was
sent
away
and
confined
within
the
bounds
of
Saxony
and
the
Ocean
.
Himselfe
,
the
most
miserable
of
all
,
who
did
formerly
draw
from
the
Victories
and
toiles
of
the
Swedes
,
his
life
,
and
safety
of
his
Dignitie
and
Country
being
afterwards
brought
so
low
,
that
not
being
able
to
pay
,
he
had
rather
turne
bankrupt
,
then
be
indebted
,
doth
at
this
day
alone
beare
the
whole
burthen
of
a
most
calamitous
Warre
,
as
being
not
onely
shut
out
of
the
principall
part
of
his
Territories
;
but
even
doubtfull
and
uncertaine
of
his
life
and
safety
.
Surely
by
the
most
just
law
of
requiting
like
for
like
,
he
ought
to
impute
unto
himselfe
,
the
prejudice
,
hee
feeleth
through
his
owne
fault
;
and
he
that
had
provoked
the
Swedish
Armes
to
be
enemies
unto
him
,
being
almost
quite
spent
and
tyred
with
them
,
doth
faint
and
sinke
under
them
.
But
is
that
so
?
Are
the
liberty
of
Germany
,
and
those
glorious
Titles
of
Peace
made
a
colour
for
a
wicked
conspiracie
?
Surely
amongst
perfidious
and
perjured
persons
,
it
is
an
ordinary
thing
under
the
pretext
of
confidencie
to
foment
a
Warre
:
Neither
did
any
man
ever
covet
anothers
servitude
,
or
his
owne
dominion
,
but
he
would
use
those
faire
and
specious
names
.
For
if
the
Duke
of
Saxony
did
intend
to
establish
a
true
Peace
in
the
Empire
,
or
a
peaceable
tranquilitie
in
his
Country
;
Why
did
he
unworthily
suffer
so
many
Princes
,
so
many
States
of
his
owne
party
,
partners
in
one
and
the
same
cause
,
and
rebellion
,
to
be
excluded
out
of
the
Amnestia
?
If
he
had
a
purpose
to
restore
the
Majestie
,
and
Dignitie
of
the
sacred
Empire
,
together
with
the
Liberty
of
it
to
the
ancient
splendor
and
glory
:
Why
did
hee
so
shamefully
reject
so
many
Kingdomes
and
Kings
so
valiantly
defending
the
German
Liberty
,
as
well
within
the
Empire
as
without
,
from
having
their
part
in
the
common
pacification
,
and
send
them
away
out
of
the
bounds
of
Germany
like
slaves
or
drudges
,
without
any
manner
of
mention
of
the
least
honour
at
all
?
If
by
this
sacred
Transaction
hee
endeavoured
to
bring
this
to
passe
,
that
Iustice
being
restored
to
her
integritie
,
and
made
to
flourish
againe
throughout
the
Empire
,
all
the
States
and
Citizens
thereof
might
enjoy
their
equall
right
and
common
quiet
.
Why
did
he
leave
the
affaires
of
the
Imperiall
Chamber
and
holy
Consistory
,
from
whence
all
the
troubles
and
dissentions
have
hitherto
sprung
,
undecided
,
and
to
bee
decided
meerely
at
the
Emperours
pleasure
and
determination
?
If
hee
intended
by
this
Trans-action
to
redeeme
the
Peace
of
Religion
,
the
Libertie
of
teaching
the
Confession
of
Auspurgh
,
throughout
the
Empire
,
and
the
salvation
of
so
many
soules
(
as
hee
pretendeth
.
)
Why
did
hee
permit
the
free
exexcise
of
their
Religion
to
bee
prohibited
to
so
many
thousands
of
men
in
Bohemia
,
Sylesia
,
Austria
,
the
Palatinate
,
and
the
Bishoprickes
of
Halberstad
and
Auspurgh
,
so
many
Ministers
and
Citizens
being
banished
for
their
beliefes
sake
,
to
endure
a
perpetuall
exile
out
of
their
native
country
?
If
his
purpose
were
to
establish
an
honest
,
solemne
,
and
publike
peace
,
and
such
a
one
as
should
be
profitable
and
honourable
to
himselfe
,
and
all
his
confederates
:
Why
did
he
begin
with
ingratitude
the
worst
of
all
vices
,
in
turning
his
perjured
Armes
against
his
allies
,
by
whom
he
had
beene
once
and
againe
delivered
from
certaine
destruction
and
ruine
long
since
sworne
against
him
by
the
Austrians
?
The
monstrous
ingratitude
of
the
Saxon.
For
with
what
title
of
right
can
so
detestable
a
treachery
,
so
horrible
a
treason
bee
excused
?
with
what
shew
of
Iustice
can
it
be
cloaked
,
in
which
those
same
men
,
whom
you
called
to
your
party
for
their
safetie
,
are
delivered
over
by
you
to
them
that
are
saved
to
bee
totally
destroye
:
And
those
men
of
whom
you
(
though
unworthy
)
obtained
life
and
preservation
,
the
same
being
most
unworthily
proscribed
,
are
by
you
robbed
of
their
life
and
honour
:
and
so
you
make
your
friends
most
angry
with
you
not
onely
after
,
but
even
because
of
the
benefits
received
of
them
by
you
.
Seneca
de
beneficiis
.
lib.
3.
cap.
1.
Hee
is
commonly
judged
to
be
an
unthankefull
man
,
who
either
denies
himselfe
to
have
received
a
benefit
,
or
having
received
one
,
concealeth
it
;
hee
is
more
unthankfull
,
that
requites
it
not
;
but
he
is
most
unthankefull
of
all
,
that
hath
forgotten
it
:
For
the
former
although
they
repay
not
,
yet
they
remaine
debtors
,
and
are
often
brought
in
time
to
requite
a
favour
received
:
This
latter
can
never
bee
made
thankefull
,
who
refuseth
to
be
a
debtor
for
,
much
more
to
requite
that
hee
hath
received
:
But
these
things
,
as
they
are
effects
of
an
ancienter
crime
,
so
are
they
of
lesse
note
and
infamy
:
A
new
kind
of
ingratitude
here
discovers
it selfe
,
an
abhomination
to
God
,
an
amazement
to
posterity
,
and
a
thing
to
be
owned
by
Adrastia
her selfe
,
which
doth
not
onely
not
acknowledge
,
not
requite
,
not
thankefully
esteeme
a
benefit
received
,
but
for
good
deeds
returne
mischiefes
,
for
good
deserts
Injuries
,
and
for
favour
destruction
.
The
most
renowned
King
of
the
Swedes
,
year
1630
Gothes
and
Vandals
,
ever
of
a
most
venerable
and
triumphant
memory
,
did
revenge
private
Injuries
by
a
peculiar
Warre
against
the
Austrians
:
The
Elector
of
Saxony
,
then
the
encourager
and
leader
of
the
Protestants
,
now
the
forsaker
and
betrayer
of
them
,
though
hee
feared
the
common
Enemie
,
yet
hee
refused
a
mutuall
joyning
in
armes
,
and
by
his
unhappy
delaying
of
time
suffered
Magdeburgh
to
be
destroyed
.
Soone
after
that
,
year
1631
being
vanquished
by
the
whole
power
of
the
Austrians
,
when
as
being
in
a
manner
shut
up
in
Dresden
hee
saw
himselfe
farre
too
weake
for
his
Enemies
,
being
then
made
more
wary
by
his
owne
danger
,
then
by
another
mans
;
Vpon
a
publique
Trans-action
made
at
Torgaw
the
first
of
September
1631.
The
Transaction
of
Torgaw
.
1.
September
.
1631.
he
called
for
aide
from
the
most
renowned
King
of
Sweden
,
he
entred
with
him
into
a
society
of
armes
&
Counsels
,
he
delivered
up
to
the
Swedes
the
passages
and
forts
which
were
upon
the
river
of
Elbe
,
hee
offered
pay
,
ammunition
,
and
provision
of
corn
necessary
for
his
Souldiers
,
making
an
Inviolable
promise
and
oath
,
that
hee
never
would
accept
any
peace
without
their
consent
.
And
so
by
this
Conjunction
of
armes
being
delivered
from
the
present
danger
of
death
,
by
the
Valour
of
the
Swedes
(
for
his
owne
forces
did
now
begin
to
gaspe
)
hee
obtained
that
most
famous
Victory
of
Lipsich
and
the
preservation
of
his
rights
and
territories
,
The
battell
of
Lipsich
.
7.
September
.
1635.
and
forthwith
to
shew
his
due
thankefulnesse
,
hee
appointed
publike
supplications
to
be
made
for
the
preservation
of
the
King
,
who
was
now
become
a
triumpher
over
his
Enemies
,
a
defender
of
his
owne
and
a
recoverer
of
the
Germane
libertie
;
hee
ordained
the
seventh
day
of
September
,
being
as
it
were
,
consecrated
to
the
memory
of
that
Victory
,
to
bee
solemnely
observed
in
all
Churches
of
the
professors
of
the
Gospel
;
and
he
did
celebrate
the
Protestants
day
of
deliverance
,
gotten
by
the
Swedes
in
Bookes
published
through
the
whole
Empire
.
Shortly
after
,
as
the
spirits
of
those
that
are
most
fierce
in
slaughters
are
many
times
tender
;
Mercur.
Gallobelg
.
tom.
18.
lib.
4.
p.
32.
when
the
Marquesse
of
Caderet
the
King
of
Spaines
Embassador
under
a
pretence
of
an
ancient
amitie
betweene
the
Houses
of
Austria
and
Saxony
,
endevoured
to
draw
away
the
Saxons
from
the
Swedes
,
he
answered
his
Agents
nobly
and
couragiously
,
That
he
could
not
recover
the
desperate
condition
of
Germany
,
nor
save
his
Country
being
now
in
a
languishing
distraction
by
any
particular
accords
;
that
divers
examples
have
heretofore
showne
,
that
such
accords
would
not
effect
an
universall
Peace
in
Germany
but
rather
worke
greater
mischiefes
;
Neither
if
he
should
make
any
such
,
that
any
colour
of
excuse
could
bee
left
him
before
the
King
of
Sweden
and
the
Protestant
States
:
But
after
that
glorious
King
did
at
the
battell
of
Lutzen
even
by
his
very
death
triumph
over
his
Enemies
,
The
battell
of
Lutzen
.
11.
November
.
1632.
The
skirmish
at
Nordlingen
.
27.
August
.
1634.
and
that
at
the
skirmish
of
Nordlingen
the
affaires
of
the
Swedes
did
seeme
by
little
and
little
to
decline
.
The
Duke
of
Saxony
,
who
before
had
stirred
them
all
up
to
armes
and
rebellion
(
as
he
now
called
it
)
began
to
revolt
from
his
Confederates
;
and
shortly
after
by
secret
messages
,
and
after
that
by
publike
trans-actions
to
make
an
accord
with
the
Common
Enemie
;
and
to
purchase
his
owne
establishment
with
the
ruine
of
his
allies
,
and
his
domesticall
peace
with
making
Warre
upon
strangers
.
So
being
circumscribed
within
the
transaction
of
Prague
,
The
Transaction
of
Prague
published
the
30.
of
May.
1635.
he
denounced
hostile
armes
against
them
by
whom
hee
had
twice
or
thrice
beene
delivered
from
present
destruction
,
and
who
by
the
death
of
their
owne
King
had
preserved
his
life
,
and
by
the
effusion
of
their
owne
,
saved
the
shedding
of
the
Saxons
bloud
.
This
great
office
of
exceeding
favor
was
utterly
lost
upon
them
,
being
bestowed
upon
the
most
unthankfull
of
mortall
men
,
who
esteemed
it
as
the
highest
merit
to
deserve
worst
of
those
that
had
deserved
best
of
them
.
All
good
offices
came
to
bee
interpreted
as
so
many
wicked
acts
,
all
loving
and
friendly
deeds
as
so
many
crimes
,
and
the
bloud
of
them
was
not
spared
for
whom
bloud
was
to
be
shed
.
Good
turnes
are
requited
with
sword
and
haltars
;
it
is
the
honour
and
Dignitie
of
the
Austrian
Commissaries
to
flye
at
the
throat
of
their
defendors
,
and
to
set
their
feete
upon
the
neckes
of
those
they
have
conquered
.
The
armies
sent
from
the
Protestants
are
turned
against
them
,
and
the
Saxon
Generalls
Exhortation
is
this
:
[
](A12952-e18410-b)*
*
The
very
words
(
within
a
very
little
)
of
that
sanguinary
proscription
,
published
by
the
Duke
of
of
Saxony
against
the
Sweds
,
in
the
Campe
of
Schuskenburgh
.
19.
October
.
1635.
Fight
against
your
brethren
,
against
your
Allies
,
against
the
Lutherans
,
against
those
that
are
governed
by
the
same
law
,
and
Professors
of
the
same
Religion
with
you
.
Set
upon
the
Churches
,
the
Altars
,
and
the
dwelling
houses
of
your
friends
with
force
of
armes
:
Imbrue
your selves
in
the
bloud
of
your
Kinsfolkes
and
take
away
by
violence
the
benefit
of
their
native
Countrey
from
those
that
bee
but
halfe
right
,
sucke
and
spoyle
them
with
your
troupes
.
Let
them
,
who
brought
life
and
safety
to
us
,
bee
like
banished
men
excluded
from
the
use
of
fire
and
water
:
Let
them
,
who
purchased
our
Libertie
with
their
bloud
,
be
banished
and
scattered
farre
and
wide
out
of
the
Empire
,
as
sworne
Enemies
to
peace
,
and
disturbers
of
the
publike
tranquillity
.
Whosoever
shall
relieve
his
friend
,
his
patrone
,
his
defender
with
bread
or
water
,
let
him
be
proceeded
against
as
guilty
of
treason
.
Whosoever
shall
kill
,
betray
,
or
corrupt
his
protector
or
preserver
,
let
him
receive
impunitie
,
money
and
a
garland
:
(
onely
not
such
a
one
as
was
give
to
him
that
saved
a
Citizen
:
)
Let
Libertie
bee
no
more
mentioned
amongst
military
banners
,
and
let
that
people
the
conqueror
and
preserver
of
nations
,
confine
it selfe
within
the
snow
and
yee
of
their
owne
Ocean
:
and
there
their
Warres
being
laid
aside
and
put
farre
enough
from
them
,
and
all
feare
and
terror
of
them
being
repressed
;
let
them
live
in
awe
and
horror
of
our
Eagles
.
These
are
the
requitalls
of
those
savers
and
preservers
;
this
is
the
reward
of
those
defenders
:
these
are
the
thankes
and
the
bounties
,
whereby
a
vast
benefit
is
recompenced
with
more
vast
Injuries
.
CHAP.
III.
The
third
Nullity
of
the
part
of
the
Protestants
.
First
,
because
they
made
their
Warre
against
the
Emperour
being
stirred
up
to
it
by
the
Saxon.
NOw
if
these
Treaties
of
the
Saxon
against
the
Swedes
can
by
no
title
or
colour
of
right
bee
defended
,
as
himselfe
lately
confessed
:
much
lesse
can
his
negotiations
entred
into
with
the
Austrians
against
the
Protestants
,
carry
any
shew
of
excuse
at
all
.
For
what
did
he
?
When
as
the
Emperour
Ferdinand
II.
had
published
that
fatall
Edict
of
the
16.
of
March
1629.
touching
the
restitution
of
the
possessions
belonging
to
the
Church
,
and
bitterly
execute
it
against
so
many
supplications
,
appeales
and
protestations
of
the
States
:
The
Duke
of
Saxony
(
as
chiefe
of
the
Protestants
)
summoned
all
the
States
,
The
Dyet
of
Lipsich
ended
in
March
.
1623.
addicted
to
the
Lutheran
faith
,
to
the
Dyet
of
Lipsich
:
and
declared
unto
them
how
the
liberty
of
Germany
was
oppressed
,
and
the
Princes
of
the
Empire
robbed
of
their
rights
and
dignities
,
and
incited
them
to
the
gathering
up
of
Souldiers
through
all
precincts
,
and
to
the
arming
of
the
Countrey
people
.
Shortly
after
,
as
one
that
would
by
his
owne
Example
leade
the
way
to
the
rest
;
hee
levied
an
armie
of
20000.
men
:
and
did
in
the
name
of
himselfe
and
of
the
Protestants
make
knowne
to
the
Emperour
,
that
unlesse
the
grievances
,
exactions
and
oppressions
laid
upon
the
people
by
his
Commissaries
and
the
Souldiers
,
were
forthwith
taken
away
,
hee
and
his
Allies
would
with
armed
power
resist
and
repell
such
hainous
and
continuall
injuries
.
So
the
Protestants
being
compelled
to
rebellion
,
when
Tilly
did
invade
his
territories
with
hostile
cruelties
,
hee
tooke
up
armes
against
the
Emperour
and
his
Leaguers
:
and
by
the
valour
of
the
Swedes
he
overthrew
the
armie
of
them
both
,
with
a
glorious
Victory
at
Lipsich
.
And
presently
upon
,
year
1631
year
1633
year
1634
it
drawing
after
him
a
Common
Warre
through
the
whole
Empire
;
hee
made
himselfe
Master
of
the
Kingdome
of
Bohemia
,
the
greater
part
of
Silesia
,
and
all
Lusatia
.
But
he
did
also
with
perswasions
and
threatnings
,
5.
Aprill
.
1634.
involve
in
the
publike
trouble
the
States
of
Silesia
,
who
had
hitherto
beene
of
neither
side
.
In
the
moneths
of
February
and
Iuly
.
1633.
And
in
the
Convention
of
Hailbrun
&
Frankford
,
exhorted
all
the
Protestants
to
a
firme
concord
and
continuance
of
a
Warre
of
Allies
and
Confederates
.
Yet
neverthelesse
after
that
by
the
overthrow
at
Nordlingen
,
the
forces
of
the
Protestants
being
by
little
and
little
enfeebled
,
and
those
of
the
Austrians
by
degrees
increased
,
year
1634
made
the
fortune
of
the
War
somewhat
doubtfull
;
hee
putting
off
as
it
were
,
all
faith
together
with
the
fortune
of
his
Confederates
:
particular
Conditions
(
which
hee
had
so
often
refused
)
being
offered
unto
him
,
made
his
peace
with
the
Emperor
,
clapt
up
a
short
composition
for
his
owne
safety
to
the
great
prejudice
of
his
Confederates
;
and
to
the
end
,
that
hee
alone
might
deserue
pardon
and
favour
,
excluded
the
most
of
the
Vnited
from
pardon
and
Amnestia
.
And
so
,
to
the
end
,
that
he
might
free
himselfe
from
uncertaine
dangers
,
he
involved
his
confederates
in
a
certaine
destruction
;
and
that
hee
might
turne
away
from
himselfe
,
the
punishment
of
rebellion
and
treason
;
he
delivered
up
his
friends
and
Allies
to
bee
punished
at
the
pleasure
of
their
enemies
.
With
a
treachery
so
much
the
more
odious
,
in
that
hee
turned
his
hostile
armes
against
those
whom
hee
had
not
onely
incited
,
but
in
a
manner
compelled
to
take
armes
against
his
Enemies
.
Dat
veniam
corvis
vexat
censura
Columbas
.
Therefore
by
what
Iustice
can
a
common
crime
be
pardoned
to
the
authors
,
that
it
may
bee
punished
in
the
abbettors
?
By
what
equitie
is
a
publike
rebellion
commended
in
the
kindlers
of
it
,
that
it
may
be
punished
in
the
furtherers
?
Why
are
not
all
the
Protestants
being
partners
in
one
and
the
same
mischiefe
;
recompensed
with
the
same
rewards
,
or
chastised
with
the
same
punishments
.
Why
doth
the
same
crime
advance
some
unto
new
honors
and
Dignities
,
&
strip
others
out
of
the
dignities
of
their
Ancestors
,
and
the
habitations
of
of
their
Predecessors
?
Why
is
the
head
of
treason
adorned
not
with
Laurell
wreathes
onely
,
but
with
Elegies
or
testimonialls
of
honour
?
and
the
members
which
have
unhappily
joyned
themselves
to
him
,
boasting
himselfe
both
in
the
Iustnesse
of
their
cause
and
strength
of
armes
,
cut
off
from
the
body
as
rotten
limbes
?
Let
such
changeable
and
fickle
friends
take
heed
,
least
shortly
in
their
turne
they
have
experience
in
themselves
of
the
same
punishments
which
they
have
approoved
in
their
Confederates
:
and
least
they
in
succeeding
times
doe
to
their
owne
damage
,
pay
dearely
for
those
things
which
they
suffer
to
be
punished
as
crimes
,
in
their
Confederates
.
2.
Because
they
are
not
forced
to
a
peace
,
but
to
a
new
Warre
.
For
it
doth
not
necessarily
follow
,
that
if
equall
pardon
,
and
common
libertie
doe
seeme
to
have
beene
granted
to
some
of
the
Protestants
,
by
the
Transaction
of
Prague
;
they
doe
presently
enjoy
a
comfortable
peace
,
and
a
full
tranquilitie
and
quiet
of
their
territories
.
Nay
rather
these
enticements
of
Peace
,
are
incitements
to
a
more
cruell
Warre
:
that
pleasing
name
of
pardon
,
is
an
oath
to
engage
Souldiers
,
neither
can
any
man
make
use
of
this
pacification
,
but
he
must
at
the
same
same
instant
lead
on
bloudy
armes
:
not
against
strangers
alone
,
but
against
his
owne
Allies
and
Patrones
.
To
the
end
that
Warre
may
be
rooted
out
of
the
Countrey
,
the
Souldiers
are
entred
into
their
pay
,
under
new
lawes
:
To
the
end
that
Peace
may
bee
restored
to
the
Empire
a
most
bloudie
Warre
is
denounced
against
many
States
of
the
Empire
;
which
made
the
condition
of
all
the
Princes
,
so
much
the
Worse
,
that
they
doe
not
as
free
States
and
Common-wealths
,
make
a
Warre
upon
the
common
Enemies
,
at
their
owne
will
and
pleasure
as
heretofore
they
have
done
,
on
the
behalfe
of
the
Common-wealth
for
the
Libertie
of
their
owne
Countrey
,
and
for
their
Religion
and
private
Estates
;
but
are
rather
compelled
as
hired
servants
and
slaves
destinated
to
slaughter
,
to
beare
armes
against
their
Allies
,
fellow
Citizens
and
defenders
;
to
waste
their
strength
and
substance
with
extraordinary
contributions
,
and
to
lend
their
owne
bloud
to
the
supporting
of
forreigne
Soveraigntie
;
with
most
severe
punishments
adjudged
against
those
,
who
have
beene
or
should
bee
found
negligent
in
gathering
in
the
Souldiers
pay
in
supplying
them
with
provisions
,
or
in
polling
and
vexing
the
Subjects
even
farre
beneath
the
value
of
their
substance
.
So
that
the
Warre
was
not
extinguished
,
nor
the
exaction
taken
away
,
nor
depopulations
prohibited
;
but
on
the
contrary
,
the
Warre
being
before
particular
,
is
made
generall
;
the
Contributions
which
were
extraordinary
,
are
made
ordinary
;
and
the
oppressions
of
Cities
and
Countries
are
carried
on
under
the
title
of
military
Iustice
:
and
as
all
things
decline
towards
the
worst
,
are
like
to
goe
on
in
a
more
rigorous
manner
hereafter
.
Let
us
interrogate
the
actions
of
former
times
,
and
to
the
end
that
we
may
know
things
to
come
,
let
us
runne
over
those
that
are
past
;
and
(
which
is
the
most
certaine
way
of
conjecture
)
let
us
call
to
mind
things
done
,
and
compare
them
with
things
to
bee
done
.
For
if
the
Emperour
hath
in
his
owne
Hereditarie
Countries
undone
some
Citizens
with
feeding
20.
or
30.
souldiers
in
a
day
a
piece
:
if
he
hath
taxed
his
owne
Subjects
at
a
high
daily
rate
towards
the
payments
of
Souldiers
;
if
he
doe
continually
lay
new
burthens
upon
his
Hungarians
,
besides
the
old
pay
,
tributes
,
and
taxations
:
What
can
wee
hope
will
become
of
the
Protestants
,
who
having
beene
lately
enemies
,
and
now
friends
;
rather
out
of
necessitie
then
any
will
of
their
owne
,
have
embraced
a
Peace
,
safe
for
their
adversaries
,
but
disgracefull
to
themselves
.
Certainely
as
long
as
provision
of
corne
shall
be
hard
to
be
gotten
(
and
so
it
will
be
,
as
long
as
an
Armie
of
80.
Regiments
,
such
a
one
as
all
Europe
never
set
forth
against
the
Turkes
,
shall
range
up
and
downe
Germany
)
the
highest
and
lowest
will
be
oppressed
with
excessive
pilling
and
ransacking
;
they
will
bee
compelled
to
harbour
and
feed
at
their
owne
charge
,
Souldiers
armed
at
their
charge
;
and
both
Horse-boyes
and
Horses
belonging
to
their
carriages
,
that
were
bought
with
their
money
;
and
will
be
in
the
end
,
consumed
with
the
rapines
,
fire
and
sword
,
of
those
Souldiers
upon
whom
they
have
bestowed
infinite
favours
.
The
free
Cities
of
the
Empire
(
as
hath
beene
often
done
)
will
be
compelled
to
feed
,
cherish
,
and
recover
,
the
all-most
famished
armies
,
the
povertie-peined
Regiments
,
and
dispersed
troupes
;
and
to
doe
all
that
is
to
be
done
,
to
relieve
and
piece
them
together
,
even
to
the
new
arming
of
them
.
And
to
the
end
,
that
they
may
defend
themselves
from
those
most
rigorous
exactions
,
povertie
shall
be
desired
by
them
as
a
happinesse
;
and
that
they
may
avoyd
the
Executioner
,
they
will
desire
to
fall
into
the
hands
of
him
that
is
to
begge
or
compound
for
their
confiscate
estates
.
And
in
vaine
alleadging
their
rights
and
immunities
before
an
Army
that
carries
all
before
it
;
they
shall
heare
that
most
insolent
speech
of
Pompey
to
them
of
Messina
when
they
made
the
like
excuse
:
Plutarchus
in
Pompeio
.
Will
you
not
cease
to
tell
us
that
are
girt
with
swords
,
of
your
lawes
and
Priviledges
?
For
certainely
whilest
Mars
is
in
his
fury
,
lawes
are
silent
;
necessitie
is
a
perpetuall
patronage
to
an
enormous
power
;
neither
are
the
Souldiers
pillages
practised
under
any
other
title
,
then
that
of
common
indigency
.
Violence
defends
whatsoever
it
hath
compelled
unto
,
and
by
a
pretext
of
necessitie
:
of
things
unlawfull
and
shamefull
,
make
things
lawfull
and
honest
.
But
that
which
is
the
most
miserable
thing
of
all
,
the
unhappiest
men
will
not
dare
to
complaine
of
their
calamities
:
miserable
men
will
be
forbidden
to
shew
their
condition
;
the
oppressed
will
bee
compelled
to
faine
themselves
happy
:
and
when
as
in
the
most
secret
part
of
their
house
they
shall
by
stealing
a
teare
,
disclose
their
griefe
to
their
wives
and
children
,
they
shall
appeare
in
publike
with
the
countenance
of
another
fortune
.
It
will
be
a
crime
so
much
as
to
make
a
shew
of
sadnesse
in
their
fashion
or
carriage
,
to
give
ease
to
their
hearts
with
justly
deserved
sighes
,
and
to
be
more
willing
to
seeme
miserable
,
then
to
bee
so
.
It
will
be
judged
a
great
favour
for
a
man
to
grant
life
to
them
he
hath
brought
to
povertie
;
to
leave
a
sonne
to
him
,
whose
brother
or
wife
hee
hath
slaine
;
and
when
hee
hath
robbed
men
of
halfe
their
goods
,
to
vouchsafe
to
restore
him
a
third
part
:
Neither
will
it
bee
lawfull
for
them
to
lament
the
losse
of
the
most
part
of
their
estate
,
for
feare
least
all
they
have
should
bee
taken
away
from
them
.
For
where
shall
poore
soules
sue
for
Iustice
from
their
superiours
?
Where
shall
they
complaine
of
injuries
,
offered
them
?
By
what
law
shall
they
recover
their
goods
taken
from
them
?
When
as
the
whole
Common-wealth
being
in
disorder
,
the
Emperour
alone
shall
compell
the
rest
of
the
Princes
,
being
daunted
with
feare
,
to
bee
obedient
to
his
ambition
;
when
as
the
Iudgement
of
the
Imperiall
Chamber
being
neglected
,
all
lawes
shall
bee
at
his
pleasure
alone
;
and
finally
,
when
the
equitie
of
the
States
being
overthrowne
,
and
the
libertie
of
the
Germans
taken
away
;
the
power
of
life
and
and
death
of
all
afflicted
persons
shall
be
onely
in
his
power
.
3.
The
Kingdome
of
Bohemia
not
Hereditary
.
Let
the
sometime
most
flourishing
Kingdome
of
Bohemia
,
and
now
the
publike
Theatre
of
the
miseries
of
the
world
,
stand
for
an
example
;
the
State
whereof
,
when
as
amongst
other
rights
they
had
preserved
unto
themselves
the
intire
libertie
of
Electing
a
King
,
and
had
maintained
it
both
by
word
and
deed
,
against
Ferdinand
II.
he
being
instantly
growne
the
stronger
in
armes
;
of
a
partie
became
a
judge
,
and
decided
that
domesticall
controversie
by
his
owne
private
arbitrement
;
and
did
put
to
most
cruell
tortures
all
those
,
that
did
moove
against
him
the
controversie
,
touching
the
Hereditarie
succession
:
And
soone
after
to
the
end
,
that
he
might
establish
that
speciall
act
by
a
generall
ordinance
;
hee
publikely
declared
,
that
the
Kingdome
was
not
wonne
by
valour
;
but
due
to
him
by
succession
:
When
as
neverthelesse
the
Customes
of
all
ages
,
the
rescripts
of
many
Emperours
and
Popes
;
and
the
Coronations
of
all
their
Kings
,
doe
manifestly
proove
,
that
the
Bohemians
have
hitherto
had
free
suffrages
in
the
Election
of
their
Princes
.
Ioan.
Dubravius
Episc.
Olomucensis
.
Wenceslaus
Hagecius
.
Cosmas
&
Pulcava
in
Historiis
Bohemia
.
1197.
1212.
For
,
that
we
may
seeke
no
further
,
when
as
Primislaus
in
the
yeare
1197.
was
crowned
King
of
Bohemia
at
Mentz
,
by
Phillip
the
Emperour
;
the
Emperour
Fredericke
,
II.
did
by
three
severall
Letters
Patents
of
the
yeares
1212.
1216.
and
1231.
confirme
the
Election
;
and
did
by
a
sacred
rescript
declare
,
by
what
title
,
and
in
what
manner
the
Kings
of
Bohemia
should
for
the
time
to
come
obtaine
the
Kingdome
,
in
these
words
:
Declaring
our
pleasure
to
bee
,
that
whosoever
shall
be
chosen
King
by
the
Bohemians
,
doe
repaire
to
us
and
our
Successours
to
receive
his
Royall
ornaments
after
the
due
manner
.
And
the
Emperour
Charles
the
Fourth
did
so
openly
confirme
this
suffrage
of
free
Election
in
the
Dyet
of
the
Empire
held
at
Norimberg
in
the
yeare
1356.
year
1356
that
when
as
he
had
determined
by
the
golden
Bull
then
published
,
Chap.
7.
that
all
the
secular
Electorships
should
by
lawfull
succession
bee
devolved
to
their
Heires
;
yet
he
did
particularly
except
the
Kingdome
of
Bohemia
as
an
Elective
Electorship
in
these
words
:
Saving
ever
the
priviledges
,
rights
,
and
customes
of
our
Kingdome
of
Bohemia
,
upon
an
Election
to
be
made
of
their
King
in
case
of
vacancie
,
by
the
Inhabitants
of
the
Kingdome
,
who
have
the
right
of
chusing
the
King
of
Bohemia
,
according
as
it
is
contained
in
their
priviledges
;
and
according
to
their
continually
osberved
Custome
:
which
wee
doe
decree
,
that
it
shall
now
,
and
in
all
future
times
,
hold
his
undoubted
force
and
vigour
in
the
whole
tenor
and
forme
thereof
.
Neither
ought
the
private
declaration
of
the
same
Emperour
Charles
the
fourth
,
made
in
favour
of
the
House
of
Lutzembourgh
,
to
be
opposed
against
the
publike
constitution
of
the
Dyet
:
both
because
it
was
made
without
the
consent
of
the
States
of
Bohemia
in
the
yeare
1348.
year
1348
by
Charles
,
before
hee
was
Emperour
,
and
when
he
had
not
so
much
respect
to
the
Common-wealth
,
as
to
his
owne
domesticall
Interests
:
and
also
because
all
the
succeeding
Kings
of
what
Family
soever
,
did
by
their
reversall
Letters
,
framed
after
the
usuall
Bohemian
custome
,
solemnely
professe
,
that
they
attained
the
Regall
Dignitie
by
the
Decree
,
and
free
Election
of
the
States
.
Even
Ferdinand
the
First
,
although
hee
were
the
sonne
in
law
of
Ladislaus
his
predecessor
;
and
brother
in
law
to
Lewis
his
predecessor
;
and
grounded
his
title
upon
the
publike
disposition
of
his
Father
in
law
by
will
of
the
Hereditarie
succession
of
Anne
his
Wife
,
in
the
yeare
1510.
year
1510
Yet
in
a
solemne
recognition
made
before
the
States
in
the
yeare
1526.
year
1526
he
freely
protested
:
That
the
Barons
,
Nobles
,
Cities
,
and
the
whole
Commonaltie
of
the
Kingdome
of
Bohemia
,
did
of
their
free
and
good
will
,
according
to
the
liberties
of
the
Kingdome
choose
him
King
of
Bohemia
,
not
of
any
due
,
&c.
And
although
he
being
afterwards
induced
to
it
by
the
Counsels
of
the
Spaniards
,
in
the
yeare
1545.
year
1545
did
indeavour
to
overthrow
that
recognition
,
under
a
pretence
of
errour
found
in
it
;
yet
hee
being
soone
taught
by
experience
that
unto
a
Nation
most
covetous
of
libertie
,
it
was
a
thing
more
pleasing
that
Kings
should
bee
given
,
then
borne
;
in
an
Assembly
which
hee
called
at
Prague
,
in
the
yeare
1549.
year
1549
hee
did
most
graciously
intreat
the
States
,
and
most
freely
obtained
of
them
;
that
his
eldest
sonne
Maximilian
might
bee
designed
King
by
them
.
And
Maximilian
againe
in
the
yeare
1575.
year
1575
with
much
intreaty
and
instat
suite
,
obtained
of
the
States
of
the
Kingdome
,
that
his
eldest
sonne
Rodulph
might
onely
upon
some
certaine
conditions
succeed
him
in
the
Kingdome
of
Bohemia
:
And
hee
himselfe
by
a
Trans-action
at
Prague
,
established
in
an
Assembly
there
,
in
the
yeare
1608.
year
1608
yielded
up
the
Kingdome
to
his
Brother
Matthias
I.
upon
condition
,
that
the
States
of
Bohemia
,
and
of
the
united
Provinces
,
should
approove
this
resignation
:
yea
,
even
Ferdinand
II.
himselfe
in
the
yeare
1617.
year
1617
being
commended
by
the
Emperour
Matthias
in
an
Assembly
at
Prague
unto
the
Nobles
of
the
Kingdome
;
and
by
their
consent
crowned
King
of
Bohemia
;
giving
(
as
their
manner
is
)
his
reversall
letters
,
did
amply
commend
that
free
Election
.
What
was
it
needfull
for
him
to
desire
more
,
if
the
Kingdome
were
due
unto
him
by
right
of
birth
?
What
reason
was
there
for
him
to
gaine
those
things
by
suite
,
and
labouring
for
voyces
,
which
the
right
of
his
owne
birth
and
title
of
lawfull
succession
freely
gave
him
?
Besides
,
why
hath
there
beene
none
of
those
Kings
children
hitherto
found
,
who
after
the
usuall
manner
of
Hereditarie
States
,
would
either
call
himselfe
Prince
of
Bohemia
,
or
suffer
himselfe
to
bee
so
called
by
his
father
?
Why
did
so
many
forreigne
Princes
at
such
times
as
the
government
of
the
Kingdome
was
often
vacant
,
send
Embassadors
to
the
Bohemians
,
and
by
intreaty
,
labouring
,
promising
,
and
offring
of
gifts
sue
,
that
in
that
Election
consideration
might
bee
had
of
them
and
theirs
?
as
it
appeareth
in
histories
that
the
Emperour
Albert
did
for
his
sonne
Frederick
,
in
the
yeare
1307.
the
Emperour
Henry
VII
.
for
his
brother
Walram
,
in
the
yeare
1610.
The
Emperour
Sigismund
IV.
for
his
sonne
in
law
Albert
in
the
yeare
1437.
to
omit
many
others
:
Who
,
if
they
had
believed
that
the
Kings
of
Bohemia
were
made
by
succession
,
would
never
in
such
an
abundance
of
bloud-Royall
,
in
the
sight
of
the
whole
World
have
lien
in
waite
for
another
mans
inheritance
against
all
right
and
justice
.
Why
was
the
Scepter
by
the
most
free
suffrages
of
the
States
,
often
translated
to
other
families
,
although
there
were
many
Heires
left
alive
of
the
precedent
?
as
was
done
both
in
the
yeare
1306.
when
Wenceslaus
the
Third
,
being
slaine
;
and
Henry
Duke
of
Carinthia
his
sonne
in
law
who
was
a
Competitor
,
being
put
by
,
Rodulph
the
First
,
sonne
of
Albert
the
Emperour
,
was
chosen
;
although
the
Barons
of
Suihoven
and
Hasemburgh
,
descended
of
the
Heires
male
in
a
right
line
,
were
ready
to
have
succeeded
;
and
also
in
the
yeare
1458.
when
Ladislaus
being
dead
,
George
Podicbradius
having
no
manner
of
affinitie
with
the
House
of
Austria
or
Luxemburgh
,
being
freely
chosen
by
the
States
was
confined
by
the
Bulls
of
Pope
Pius
the
Second
,
and
by
the
rescripts
of
Sigismund
the
Emperour
,
year
1459
in
the
yeare
1459.
although
Casimire
King
of
Poland
,
and
William
Prince
of
Saxony
,
whereof
the
one
had
married
the
younger
,
and
the
other
the
elder
sister
of
Ladislaus
,
did
with
most
earnest
solicitation
labour
for
the
Kingdome
.
Why
did
the
younger
Princes
often
obtaine
peaceable
possession
of
the
Kingdome
,
when
the
brethren
and
eldest
sonnes
were
put
by
it
?
as
when
in
the
yeare
1324.
year
1324
Henry
Duke
of
Carinthia
who
had
married
Anne
the
elder
daughter
of
Wenceslaus
VI.
being
rejected
,
Iohn
I.
sonne
to
the
Emperour
Henry
the
Seventh
,
founder
of
the
family
of
Luxemburg
,
and
husband
to
Elizabeth
the
younger
,
was
designed
and
accepted
for
King
by
the
States
.
For
by
the
law
of
nature
,
and
lawfull
custome
of
succession
,
males
are
preferred
before
females
,
and
the
elder
of
the
same
sex
,
before
the
younger
.
But
I
forbeare
to
hold
a
candle
to
the
Sunne
at
noone-day
,
since
his
Imperiall
Majestie
would
have
this
cause
,
to
be
decided
not
by
reasons
,
but
by
armes
;
and
doth
found
his
principall
title
to
the
Hereditary
possession
of
the
Kingdome
,
Ius
hereditarium
in
regno
Bohemiae
Ferdinandi
II.
editum
Viennae
.
1620
in
4.
rather
upon
the
recovery
or
conquest
thereof
,
then
upon
their
acceptance
;
having
in
the
beginning
of
the
booke
that
is
published
touching
his
Hereditarie
right
to
the
Kingdome
of
Bohemia
,
clearely
professed
.
That
although
his
Hereditarie
right
were
doubtfull
,
and
the
Bohemians
have
hitherto
had
some
right
of
free
Election
;
yet
now
,
since
the
whole
Kingdome
is
come
to
him
by
force
of
armes
,
and
hath
received
him
for
their
lawfull
Heire
all
of
due
,
not
at
their
pleasure
;
it
is
in
vaine
to
hold
any
further
dispute
touching
the
right
of
Election
;
since
the
Kingdome
it selfe
being
reduced
under
his
power
,
did
now
acknowledge
the
hereditary
right
of
the
House
of
Austria
thereunto
.
4.
Innocent
Silesia
is
stripped
of
her
rights
.
I
come
now
to
Silesia
,
and
the
united
Provinces
of
Bohemia
:
who
,
where
as
heretofore
,
for
the
defence
of
their
rights
and
liberties
,
they
did
unite
themselves
to
that
Kingdome
;
are
at
this
day
by
this
trans-action
of
Prague
;
not
onely
deprived
of
all
rights
and
immunities
,
but
also
by
Hereditary
right
,
made
subject
to
a
forrein
power
.
The
unjustnesse
of
which
Article
,
that
it
may
bee
prooved
from
the
very
originall
of
the
matter
it selfe
;
it
is
to
be
considered
that
the
Province
of
Silesia
was
anciently
subject
unto
Poland
,
Ioach.
Cureus
in
Annal.
Silesiae
.
editis
.
Wittebergae
.
1571.
and
divided
by
divers
Dutchies
amongst
the
Princes
of
the
Sarmatian
bloud
:
Afterwards
in
succeeding
times
they
disdained
the
pride
of
the
Sarmatians
,
after
experience
had
of
the
faithfull
and
friendly
offices
of
the
Bohemians
in
many
of
their
affaires
,
of
their
owne
free
will
and
voluntary
inclination
,
rejecting
the
Imperious
command
of
the
Polonians
,
in
the
yeare
1331.
year
1331
they
sued
for
the
protection
of
Iohn
I.
King
of
Bohemia
:
and
for
this
cause
,
Silesia
being
assaulted
by
the
Polonians
with
a
most
grievous
warre
,
year
1337
and
valiantly
defended
by
the
Bohemians
,
did
deliver
it selfe
up
wholly
into
the
patronage
and
protection
of
the
Kings
of
Bohemia
,
vpon
this
covenant
and
condition
;
that
all
their
rights
,
liberties
,
and
priviledges
,
should
be
preserved
safe
and
entire
.
Whereof
amongst
others
,
one
notable
testimonie
hath
remained
untill
our
times
,
that
the
States
of
that
Province
doe
not
sweare
alleagiance
unto
the
King
elected
,
untill
till
hee
have
bound
himselfe
unto
them
by
giving
a
caution
for
the
ratifying
,
and
maintaining
of
their
lands
,
rights
,
and
honours
;
and
by
the
confirmation
of
them
by
the
signature
of
his
Reversall
letters
,
and
by
a
solemne
oath
.
And
according
to
this
agreement
,
the
Emperour
Charles
IV.
by
a
speciall
Charter
given
at
Prague
,
the
seventh
of
the
Ides
of
October
,
year
1355
in
the
yeare
1355.
did
for
ever
unite
,
incorporate
,
and
inseparably
ly
annex
that
whole
Country
with
Moravia
and
Lusatia
,
Both
these
are
extant
in
the
Constitutions
of
Goldastus
,
Tom.
4.
p.
345.
1356.
unto
the
Scepter
of
Bohemia
:
which
Incorporation
the
Princes
of
the
Empire
did
afterwards
approove
,
at
the
Dyet
held
at
Norimburgh
in
the
yeare
1356.
and
did
also
confirme
it
by
the
Rescript
or
Declaration
of
Gerlac
Archbishop
of
Mentz
,
and
Lord
High
Chancellor
of
the
sacred
Roman
Empire
.
And
in
pursuance
of
this
right
,
the
Silesians
have
ever
so
lived
under
the
King
of
Bohemia
,
that
they
did
not
onely
give
their
free
voice
at
their
Election
;
but
also
at
their
Coronation
obtained
most
ample
Reversall
letters
;
which
it
appeareth
that
even
the
Austrian
Kings
themselves
did
most
freely
grant
;
namely
,
Ferdinand
I.
the
fourteenth
of
Ianuary
in
the
yeare
1527.
year
1527
Maximilian
II.
in
the
yeare
1557.
Rodulph
II.
in
the
yeares
1577.
and
1609.
and
even
Ferdinand
II.
in
the
yeare
1617.
Nay
further
,
year
1617
when
the
last
troubles
arose
in
Bohemia
,
the
Silesians
assisted
the
Bohemians
their
Confederates
,
and
they
were
over
throwne
in
the
battell
of
Prague
;
yet
the
Silesians
would
not
lay
downe
their
armes
untill
Ferdidinand
the
Second
at
a
solemne
Transaction
made
at
Preslaw
the
one
and
twentieth
of
Aprill
,
in
the
yeare
1621.
year
1621
religiously
promised
the
States
,
that
if
they
would
renounce
the
Election
of
the
Prince
Palatine
Fredericke
,
hee
would
preserve
all
their
rights
and
priviledges
unviolated
;
which
promise
being
confirmed
by
oath
,
and
a
sacred
Charter
;
the
Duke
of
Saxony
being
then
the
Emperours
Commissary
,
and
Mediator
for
the
States
,
did
undertake
by
caution
given
,
by
himselfe
to
see
observed
.
And
although
the
States
of
Silesia
did
forthwith
abandon
the
Prince
Palatines
Partie
;
yet
neverthelesse
,
the
Emperour
in
the
yeares
1628.
year
1628
and
1629.
contrary
to
his
covenants
and
promises
,
abrogated
many
of
their
rights
and
priviledges
;
the
Duke
of
Saxony
conniving
thereunto
.
And
the
Duke
of
Saxony
himselfe
,
when
as
being
provoked
thereunto
by
the
Emperours
Edict
,
and
unjust
dealing
;
hee
had
stirred
up
generally
all
the
armes
of
the
Protestants
throughout
the
Empire
;
year
1631
and
had
in
an
hostile
manner
gotten
possession
of
the
Kingdome
and
head
Citie
of
Bohemia
;
did
stirre
up
the
Princes
and
States
of
Silesia
,
(
which
till
then
had
beene
of
neither
side
)
not
onely
by
letters
signed
with
his
owne
hand
the
fifth
of
Aprill
1634.
year
1634
to
revolt
and
to
maintaine
their
priviledges
as
he
called
them
;
but
also
,
sending
against
them
Generall
Arnheim
with
a
huge
Armie
,
compelled
the
Dukes
and
Cities
which
till
then
stood
doubtfull
;
partly
by
threatnings
,
and
partly
by
open
force
unto
rebellion
,
and
put
Saxon
Garrisons
into
the
chiefe
Cities
and
Fortresses
.
year
1635
And
yet
neverthelesse
afterwards
,
his
purposes
changing
with
the
fortune
,
hee
was
the
first
that
started
from
the
Generall
League
;
intending
to
purchase
his
owne
establishment
with
the
ruine
of
his
Allies
;
and
suffered
the
most
unfortunate
States
of
Silesia
(
who
relying
upon
his
authoritie
,
and
assurance
,
and
justice
of
the
Common
cause
,
did
not
at
the
first
take
armes
,
but
joyned
their
armes
to
the
Saxons
)
shamefully
to
be
excluded
out
of
the
Amnestia
;
being
innocent
,
and
deserving
no
ill
,
and
delivered
them
over
to
be
punished
at
the
Emperours
absolute
will
and
pleasure
;
and
did
by
his
answer
given
the
fifteenth
day
of
Iune
,
year
1635
with
cold
comfort
send
away
their
Deputies
and
Embassadors
(
craving
performance
of
publike
faith
)
to
the
Emperour
,
to
begge
his
pardon
.
And
so
having
deserved
singular
well
of
Silesia
,
he
expiated
the
crime
of
his
owne
rebellion
,
with
the
punishment
of
his
innocent
friends
:
and
not
content
to
have
wasted
the
most
noble
Province
of
Germany
with
Warre
and
rapines
;
he
exposed
the
innocent
Inhabitants
,
and
such
as
had
not
beene
offendors
,
but
by
his
instigation
,
to
the
pleasure
of
their
Enemies
.
And
for
a
reward
of
this
his
notable
service
done
to
the
Empire
,
or
rather
of
his
egregious
treacherie
,
hee
hath
upper
and
nether
Lusatia
bestowed
upon
him
;
year
1621
which
being
heretofore
against
all
right
and
justice
,
hewen
away
from
the
roote
of
Bohemia
,
the
Emperour
had
ingaged
unto
him
by
way
of
morgage
,
for
the
charge
of
the
Bohemian
warre
.
In
the
collation
of
which
Province
,
the
unjustice
of
both
seemeth
equall
;
as
well
of
the
Emperour
in
being
profuse
of
another
mans
estate
;
as
of
the
Saxon
in
making
an
unlawfull
purchase
.
For
to
repeate
shortly
the
originall
proceedings
touching
this
Province
also
;
when
as
Lusatia
in
the
yeare
1075.
year
1075
being
bestowed
by
the
Emperour
Henry
the
Fourth
,
upon
Vratislaus
the
first
King
of
the
Bohemians
,
together
with
the
Crowne
,
for
a
reward
of
his
valour
,
was
shortly
after
assigned
by
Wenceslaus
with
the
one
eie
,
in
the
yeare
1191.
year
1191
to
Otto
of
Brandenburgh
,
as
a
dowrie
with
his
Daughter
Beatrice
:
After
the
death
of
the
Marquesse
Walderam
(
who
died
without
issue
)
in
the
yeare
1312.
year
1312
at
the
request
of
the
Inhabitants
,
it
was
restored
againe
by
Iohn
the
First
,
King
of
Bohemia
,
in
the
yeare
1319.
year
1319
and
by
the
Charter
of
the
Emperour
,
Lewis
the
Fourth
,
in
the
yeare
1328.
year
1328
was
inseparably
united
to
the
Crowne
:
Which
union
Charles
the
Fourth
,
did
afterwards
by
a
publike
Edict
confirmed
in
the
Dyet
of
Norimbergh
,
in
the
yeare
1356.
year
1356
to
settle
and
establish
,
that
this
Province
being
for
ever
appropriated
,
indivisibly
annexed
,
and
inseperably
added
to
Bohemia
;
could
never
be
transferred
to
a
forreigne
government
,
without
the
assent
of
the
States
themselves
.
Therefore
Wenceslaus
the
Eighth
,
year
1411
in
the
yeare
1411.
and
shortly
after
,
his
brother
Sigismund
the
Emperour
,
in
the
yeare
1414.
being
intreated
thereunto
by
the
foure
States
of
the
Province
;
did
by
speciall
priviledges
and
Cautions
for
ever
provide
,
that
it
should
never
after
by
any
title
,
be
alienated
from
the
Kingdome
of
Bohemia
.
Which
right
and
priviledge
the
Inhabitants
themselves
have
beene
so
carefull
to
maintaine
;
that
when
as
King
Laudislaus
Nephew
to
Sigismund
,
had
sold
the
same
for
a
valuable
price
to
Ferdinand
the
Second
,
Elector
of
Brandenburgh
:
when
hee
was
dead
,
George
his
successor
being
mooved
with
the
mony
and
suite
of
the
Subjects
;
did
in
the
yeare
1470.
year
1470
restore
it
to
the
Kingdome
:
this
being
established
as
an
Inviolable
law
,
that
it
should
never
after
by
any
pretext
whatsoever
,
be
alienated
from
the
very
bowells
of
the
Kingdome
.
And
yet
in
our
age
Ferdinand
the
Second
,
year
1620
that
after
he
had
taken
away
the
generall
harmonie
and
Concord
of
the
Kingdome
of
Bohemia
,
together
with
their
rights
:
when
hee
had
cut
the
sinewes
of
the
body
,
hee
tore
in
pieces
the
feeble
members
,
he
purchased
the
oppression
of
the
Lawes
and
Immunities
of
the
whole
Kingdome
;
by
the
dissipation
of
the
Provinces
anciently
united
to
it
.
And
as
one
not
so
much
liberall
of
another
mans
estate
,
as
prodigall
of
that
which
was
none
of
his
owne
;
he
sold
a
portion
of
the
Elective
Kingdome
,
that
hee
might
make
the
whole
,
Hereditary
to
him
and
his
.
But
to
come
to
that
which
is
the
chiefe
point
of
the
whole
businesse
.
6.
The
Electorall
dignity
unjustly
conferred
upon
the
Bavarian
.
At
this
conspiracie
of
Prague
,
the
chiefe
of
the
secular
Elector-Princes
;
and
the
Prime
member
of
the
Empire
next
unto
the
Emperour
;
being
not
so
much
as
called
:
unheard
,
unconvicted
,
is
stripped
out
of
his
Hereditary
rights
;
and
his
Territories
and
Dignities
are
distributed
to
the
Bavarians
and
Spaniard
,
for
the
service
they
had
done
to
the
Emperour
against
him
;
and
that
expressely
contrary
to
the
fundamentall
lawes
of
the
golden
Bull
Chap.
3.
and
against
the
Emperours
owne
Capitulation
,
in
the
36.
Article
,
which
ordaines
,
That
the
principall
member
of
the
Empire
,
and
the
bases
and
pillars
thereof
,
the
Electors
;
and
especially
the
seculars
,
should
remaine
unshaken
.
Neither
is
there
any
other
colour
given
for
that
,
unheard
of
proscription
;
then
the
unhappinesse
of
the
Bohemian
Warre
:
In
which
,
when
the
Prince
Elector
Fredericke
the
Fifth
,
had
engaged
himselfe
as
in
a
particular
quarell
,
betwixt
the
States
of
Bohemia
,
and
their
King
Ferdinand
the
Second
.
Ferdinand
in
the
meane
time
,
his
good
fortune
favouring
him
,
being
advanced
to
the
Empire
;
out
of
a
private
cause
,
devised
a
publike
crime
;
and
so
farre
traduced
all
the
actions
of
the
Prince
Palatine
,
undertaken
against
him
as
King
of
Bohemia
;
as
to
bring
them
within
compasse
of
treason
against
his
Imperiall
Majestie
;
when
as
hee
had
committed
no
offence
at
all
,
neither
against
the
Empire
,
nor
Emperour
:
nay
,
on
the
contrary
in
the
Assembly
of
Frankford
,
year
1620
had
assisted
Ferdinand
the
Second
with
his
voyce
;
and
did
desire
that
the
Controversie
,
touching
the
Scepter
of
Bohemia
,
might
bee
decided
by
an
ordinary
tryall
,
all
hostility
laid
aside
.
Neverthelesse
,
Ferdinand
being
growne
the
stronger
not
in
right
,
but
in
power
;
and
having
overthrowne
the
Bohemians
at
the
White
Hill
,
commonly
called
Weissemberge
:
did
not
onely
proscribe
the
Prince
Palatine
unheard
,
and
his
cause
never
understood
:
but
also
having
divided
the
Palatinate
betwixt
the
Bavarians
and
Spaniards
;
did
upon
his
owne
private
pleasure
,
the
States
of
the
Empire
being
never
consulted
with
;
grant
unto
Maximilian
Duke
of
Bavaria
,
the
Electorall
Dignitie
,
which
hee
had
promised
unto
him
,
upon
a
league
made
betwixt
them
at
Munchen
,
long
before
the
Bohemian
troubles
:
and
onely
through
private
and
domesticall
hatred
,
1619.
Henricus
Stero
Altahensis
in
Annalibus
,
A.
300.
Aventinus
lib.
7.
Annal.
Boior
.
p.
587.
deprived
him
of
all
his
rights
and
Territories
;
unto
whom
of
ancient
right
it
belonged
to
take
cognisance
of
causes
mooved
to
the
King
or
Emperour
of
the
Romans
.
As
if
the
Austrian
Emperour
could
by
any
right
transferre
the
most
noble
Fees
and
Seignories
of
the
Empire
,
according
to
his
owne
private
fancie
;
and
bestow
them
upon
such
as
have
deserved
well
of
the
House
of
Austria
,
meerely
at
his
owne
pleasure
:
who
,
as
it
appeareth
by
the
28.
Article
of
the
golden
Bull
,
cannot
dispose
so
much
as
of
a
County
,
or
any
other
estate
or
fortune
being
devolved
to
the
Empire
,
without
the
consent
of
the
States
of
the
Empire
.
The
Electorships
,
Dutchies
,
and
Counties
,
be
Fees
of
the
Empire
,
not
of
the
Emperour
;
but
as
hee
is
the
Head
,
Minister
,
and
Vicar
of
the
Empire
:
and
therefore
he
doth
not
receive
the
Oath
of
Alleagiance
of
the
Princes
in
the
name
of
himselfe
,
but
of
the
Empire
.
And
at
the
breaking
up
of
the
Dyet
of
Auspurgh
,
in
the
yeare
1555.
year
1555
it
was
ordained
;
that
the
Controversies
which
arose
betwixt
the
States
of
the
Empire
,
touching
the
Imperiall
Fees
and
Seignories
,
should
not
bee
decided
,
but
in
the
generall
Assembly
of
the
States
.
And
for
this
cause
Henry
the
Second
,
King
of
France
,
in
the
yeare
1551.
year
1551
did
by
his
Embassador
justly
complaine
,
before
the
States
of
the
Empire
;
that
Charles
the
Fifth
,
his
cause
not
being
heard
,
and
his
right
neglected
;
had
bestowed
upon
his
sonne
Philip
the
Dutchie
of
Milan
and
Vicarage
of
Siena
,
without
their
consent
,
or
approbation
.
And
the
Emperour
Rodulph
II.
in
the
yeare
1598.
year
1598
did
most
Heroically
answer
the
Spanish
Admirall
demanding
the
Vicountie
of
Besanzon
in
the
name
of
the
King
his
Master
,
That
the
Fees
of
the
Empire
could
bee
taken
away
from
no
man
,
nor
be
transferred
upon
any
other
,
without
the
consent
of
the
Electors
and
States
.
Certainely
,
according
to
the
ancient
custome
of
the
feudall
lawes
,
the
Controversies
concerning
Fees
ought
to
bee
determined
by
the
Iudgement
of
the
Peeres
.
And
if
a
question
doe
arise
betweene
the
Lord
and
his
Vassals
concerning
any
matter
of
Fee
,
it
must
be
decided
by
the
Peeres
of
the
Court
,
lib.
1.
de
feud
.
tit
.
x.
sec.
1.
And
they
ought
to
determine
Controversies
touching
benefices
,
who
doe
hold
benefices
of
the
same
Lord
,
lib.
1.
tit
.
26.
And
although
the
Emperour
did
desire
to
have
such
an
apparant
injurie
approoved
by
the
States
of
the
Empire
,
year
1623
in
the
Dyet
held
at
Ratisbone
,
yet
the
Electors
of
Saxony
and
Brandenburgh
,
and
many
other
Princes
of
the
Empire
did
by
their
Embassadors
make
protestation
,
and
alleadge
;
That
the
Translation
of
the
Electorall
dignitie
upon
the
Duke
of
Bavaria
,
was
contrary
to
the
Constitutions
of
the
golden
Bull
,
to
the
fundamentall
lawes
of
the
Empire
,
to
the
declaration
of
the
Emperour
Sigismund
the
Fourth
,
to
the
customes
of
feudall
right
;
and
in
a
word
,
to
the
accords
and
covenants
agreed
upon
betwixt
the
Houses
of
the
Prince
Palatine
,
and
Bavaria
,
long
since
established
,
by
the
providence
of
their
fore-fathers
;
and
strengthned
with
the
proscription
of
almost
300.
yeares
:
That
the
Prince
Palatine
was
condemned
,
being
never
summoned
,
never
heard
,
and
his
cause
never
opened
:
When
as
hee
neverthelesse
was
not
the
author
of
the
Bohemian
troubles
;
and
many
that
were
partners
in
the
same
crime
,
obtained
pardon
of
the
Emperour
;
and
that
therefore
they
could
not
consent
to
such
a
precipitate
proscription
,
and
stripping
him
out
of
his
Estate
.
And
therefore
also
,
when
as
the
Emperour
rejecting
all
these
exceptions
,
oppositions
,
and
protestations
of
the
States
,
bestowed
the
Fee
of
the
Electorate
upon
the
Duke
of
Bavaria
:
the
Embassadours
of
Saxony
and
Brandenburgh
,
refused
to
be
present
at
the
ceremonies
of
his
Investure
;
least
by
their
presence
they
should
seeme
to
have
approoved
so
enormous
an
act
of
injustice
.
And
a
little
after
,
the
same
Electors
did
by
their
letters
sent
to
the
Emperour
from
Amburgh
;
complaine
of
the
violation
of
the
right
of
their
Colledge
of
Electors
;
and
by
a
publike
instrument
under
their
owne
hands
,
did
confirme
and
make
good
all
that
had
beene
said
and
done
by
their
Embassadors
.
And
although
the
yeare
following
,
the
Duke
of
Saxony
being
drawne
on
by
the
cunning
of
Ludovike
Landgrave
of
Darmstadt
,
year
1624
did
at
the
Convention
of
Schleufingen
receive
the
Duke
of
Bavaria
,
into
the
Septemvirall
Colledge
for
a
time
;
perswading
himselfe
,
that
that
Colledge
being
made
compleate
,
an
universall
Peace
would
be
established
in
the
Empire
.
Yet
that
admission
being
made
upon
certaine
conditions
;
he
protested
,
hee
intended
not
that
any
thing
done
should
prejudice
the
rights
of
the
House
of
the
Prince
Palatine
,
nor
the
protestations
exhibited
by
his
Embassadors
at
Ratisbone
:
Which
afterwards
both
in
the
Convention
at
Mulhausen
,
year
1627.
1630.
and
at
the
Diet
of
Ratisbone
;
and
in
severall
Declarations
and
resolutions
,
sent
unto
divers
Princes
of
Europe
;
and
even
in
that
league
made
at
Torgaw
,
in
the
yeare
1631.
year
1631
with
the
King
of
Sweden
and
Elector
of
Brandenburgh
;
he
did
ever
constantly
acknowledge
and
affirme
:
having
protested
in
all
places
,
and
before
all
men
;
that
no
Peace
was
ever
to
bee
hoped
for
in
the
Empire
,
without
restitution
of
the
House
of
the
Prince
Palatine
.
Therefore
with
what
conscience
dareth
hee
at
this
day
publish
that
Trans-action
to
have
beene
just
,
sacred
,
and
most
profitable
to
the
Empire
:
Whereby
,
it
is
not
onely
certaine
,
that
the
equalitie
of
voyces
being
taken
away
amongst
the
seven
Electors
,
the
Protestants
will
ever
goe
downe
the
winde
;
but
also
,
so
long
as
there
shall
be
one
drop
remaining
of
the
Palatine
bloud
,
from
which
this
dignitie
if
not
regall
;
yet
certainely
next
to
it
,
is
so
violently
taken
away
against
all
right
and
Iustice
;
it
is
manifest
,
that
Germany
will
bee
perpetually
infested
,
with
new
troubles
.
For
be
it
admitted
,
not
granted
,
that
the
Prince
Palatine
hath
by
such
heinous
crimes
deserved
proscription
,
and
stripping
out
of
his
Patrimony
:
By
what
law
or
right
,
are
his
children
,
brother
,
and
all
his
Kinsfolkes
,
as
innocent
and
giltlesse
as
himselfe
,
though
differing
in
cause
,
involved
neverthelesse
in
the
same
punishment
:
When
as
both
his
sonnes
before
their
Fathers
offence
had
the
Electorall
dignitie
,
belonging
to
them
by
right
of
succession
;
and
also
by
the
Common
law
of
Fees
it
is
manifest
,
That
the
offence
of
one
of
the
Heires
of
the
Fee
doth
not
prejudice
the
rest
,
lib.
2.
de
feud
.
t.
78.
and
yet
the
act
of
a
brother
doth
not
hurt
his
brother
in
his
Hereditary
Fee
.
tit
.
93.
Yea
more
,
if
a
vassall
shall
commit
so
enormous
a
crime
,
that
he
or
those
that
descend
of
him
,
ought
to
be
deprived
of
his
inheritance
;
yet
his
kinsfolkes
in
the
fourth
degree
are
to
be
restored
to
the
possession
thereof
,
lib.
2.
tit
.
26.
And
therefore
very
wisely
the
Duke
of
Neuburgh
being
neerer
of
kinne
to
the
Princes
Palatine
,
year
1623
then
to
the
Bavarians
,
obtained
of
the
Emperour
reversall
letters
,
whereby
provision
was
made
,
that
this
Trans-action
of
Electorall
Dignitie
upon
the
Bavarian
should
at
no
time
,
nor
in
any
sort
prejudice
the
right
of
himselfe
,
or
of
his
,
founded
upon
a
nearer
degree
of
bloud
.
Neither
doth
this
appeare
to
be
a
lesse
argument
of
so
barbarous
an
injurie
,
that
the
whole
Electorate
being
transferred
upon
the
Bavarian
;
yet
the
Territories
are
divided
amongst
divers
Princes
;
and
the
upper
Palatinate
is
assigned
to
the
Bavarian
,
and
the
lower
to
the
Spaniard
,
for
the
charge
and
expense
of
the
German
Warre
.
Whereas
by
the
Constitution
of
the
golden
Bull
,
Chap.
25.
(
the
title
whereof
is
,
year
1356
Of
the
intirenesse
of
the
Principalities
of
the
Electors
)
Those
Illustrious
and
magnificent
Principalities
;
that
is
to
say
,
the
Kingdome
of
Bohemia
,
the
County
Palatine
of
the
Rheine
,
the
Dutchy
of
Saxony
,
and
Marquisat
of
Brandenburgh
,
and
their
Lands
,
Territories
,
and
all
other
things
belonging
to
them
,
cannot
,
nor
ought
upon
any
condition
whatsoever
,
be
cut
in
pieces
,
divided
,
or
dismembred
.
7.
The
Bavarians
had
anciently
no
right
to
the
Electorship
.
The
Bavarians
perceiving
the
cause
of
translation
to
bee
entangled
with
these
difficulties
;
and
having
many
ages
since
sought
for
some
pretext
for
their
ambition
,
doe
devise
most
ancient
titles
for
their
new
usurpation
;
and
doe
affirme
that
the
Electorall
dignitie
was
not
so
much
conferred
upon
them
by
Ferdinand
the
Second
,
Gewoldus
de
S.
R.
Imperii
Septemuiratis
c.
x.
Fabius
Hercynianus
Cancellariae
Anhaltinae
.
P.
11.
p.
83.
1215.
of
his
grace
and
favour
to
them
,
as
recovered
for
their
due
by
force
of
armes
;
and
if
it
being
most
unjustly
taken
away
from
the
House
of
Bavaria
by
Charles
IV
,
in
the
yeare
1354.
was
in
respect
of
affinitie
translated
to
the
Family
of
the
Prince
Palatine
of
Rhyne
:
And
that
therefore
the
Princes
Palatine
unjustly
;
but
the
Bavarians
most
justly
did
complaine
of
the
alienation
of
the
Electorall
right
;
and
that
they
may
therefore
lawfully
commence
their
suite
for
the
recovery
of
the
profits
thereof
,
which
have
beene
enjoyed
ever
since
Charles
the
Fourths
time
.
Therefore
to
the
end
,
that
the
impudence
of
this
Imposture
may
bee
made
manifest
to
all
men
;
it
will
be
necessary
to
open
the
state
of
the
whole
matter
from
the
beginning
.
Ever
since
the
first
institution
of
the
Electors
;
the
right
of
electing
the
Emperour
hath
beene
in
the
power
of
the
Counts
Palatine
,
which
were
also
Dukes
of
Bavaria
,
as
is
manifest
by
the
ancient
Histories
of
those
times
.
And
in
the
yeare
1215.
year
1215
by
the
mariage
of
Otho
Duke
of
Bavaria
,
with
Agnes
,
daughter
of
Henry
the
last
Count
Palatine
;
the
Palatinate
of
Rhine
was
united
with
the
Dukedome
of
Bavaria
,
and
Otho
himselfe
the
first
of
the
Family
of
the
Bavarians
,
in
the
right
devolved
unto
him
by
his
wife
,
became
Elector
:
So
the
dignitie
united
with
the
Seignorie
,
year
1295
remained
in
the
House
of
Bavaria
untill
the
yeare
1295.
At
which
time
Lodovike
the
Third
being
dead
,
his
sonnes
divided
his
inheritance
in
this
manner
:
that
Rodulph
his
eldest
should
hold
the
Palatinate
,
with
the
right
of
Electorall
power
;
and
Lodovike
the
younger
,
the
upper
Bavaria
;
and
after
his
brothers
death
,
hee
should
hold
the
power
of
Election
for
terme
of
his
life
;
as
appeareth
by
the
Trans-action
made
betwixt
them
at
Munchen
,
1313.
Extat
apud
Gewoldum
de
S.R.
Imp.
Septemviratu
.
p.
224.
1314.
in
the
yeare
1313.
But
Lodovicke
the
younger
,
following
the
fortune
of
the
Warres
;
whilest
he
bore
armes
against
the
Austrians
,
in
the
yeare
1314.
was
declared
Emperour
by
the
Major
part
of
the
Electors
;
his
brother
Rodulph
and
the
Electors
of
Saxony
and
Collen
,
bestowing
their
voices
upon
Fredericke
III.
of
the
House
of
Austria
.
Whereupon
grew
a
civill
Warre
in
Germany
;
Lodovike
of
Bavaria
being
the
stronger
in
armes
,
stripped
his
Brother
Rodulph
,
taking
part
with
his
enemies
,
out
of
all
his
Territories
;
and
having
proscribed
him
,
forced
him
with
his
children
to
retire
into
England
;
where
,
a
little
while
after
,
year
1317
with
griefe
of
heart
he
died
.
Yet
soone
after
that
,
Fredericke
of
Austria
being
taken
prisoner
and
deposed
:
Lodovike
the
Fourth
,
mooved
with
commiseration
of
his
Brothers
children
,
did
by
the
Trans-action
of
Norimburgh
,
year
1329
in
the
yeare
1329.
restore
to
Rodulph
the
Second
,
and
Rupert
,
Extat
imperfecta
apud
Gewoldum
.
p.
218.
sonnes
of
his
Brother
Rodulph
the
First
,
their
Hereditary
Seignories
and
dignities
,
vpon
this
condition
;
that
they
yielding
up
the
prerogative
of
the
Electorall
right
,
should
divide
the
Septemvirall
Suffrage
,
with
his
sonnes
Lodovik
and
Stephan
;
and
so
both
of
them
in
their
turnes
should
Elect
the
King
of
the
Romans
;
which
Transaction
,
though
extorted
from
him
by
force
,
hee
did
yet
cause
to
bee
published
in
the
Dyet
at
Franckford
,
year
1339
in
the
yeare
1339.
But
the
Emperour
Lodovike
the
Fourth
,
being
excommunicate
and
dead
;
when
Charles
the
Fourth
,
King
of
Bohemia
,
sonne
in
law
to
Rodulph
the
First
;
year
1342
and
Brother
in
law
to
the
Brethren
Palatine
Princes
,
came
to
sway
the
Empire
;
Rodulph
the
Second
,
and
Rupert
the
Palatine
Princes
;
complained
to
the
Emperour
their
Kinsman
by
marriage
,
of
violence
and
injurie
offered
them
;
and
challenging
the
entire
right
of
Election
to
belong
unto
them
,
as
being
the
eldest
sonnes
;
did
sue
to
have
the
Trans-action
of
Norimburgh
,
touching
the
alternative
Election
betwixt
the
House
of
the
Palatines
and
Bavaria
;
abrogated
,
as
being
most
unjust
,
and
extorted
from
them
by
force
.
So
Charles
the
Fourth
favouring
the
most
just
cause
,
caused
the
businesse
to
be
brought
into
debate
;
and
having
obtained
the
consent
of
all
the
Electors
and
States
,
year
1354
in
the
yeare
1354.
restored
the
Hereditary
right
of
the
entire
Electorall
Suffrage
unto
Rupert
I.
the
Palatine
Prince
(
for
his
elder
Brother
Rodulph
a
little
before
,
year
1356
in
the
yeare
1353.
died
)
and
excluding
Lodovike
and
Stephan
Dukes
of
Bavaria
,
published
an
ordinance
touching
the
right
and
succession
of
the
Counts
Palatine
,
in
the
voyce
and
election
of
the
Roman
Emperour
;
and
caused
it
to
bee
sent
unto
all
the
Electors
.
Yea
,
and
about
two
yeares
after
,
in
the
yeare
1356.
in
a
Diet
held
at
Norimbergh
,
1356.
Extat
utrumque
Mandatum
&
Diploma
apud
Goldastum
.
Tom.
4.
Constit
.
Imper.
p.
345
caused
a
publike
Charter
,
confirming
the
same
,
to
be
approoved
and
signed
by
all
the
Electors
.
Which
he
the
more
easily
effected
;
because
in
the
same
Diet
hee
had
conferred
upon
Lodovike
the
Roman
,
sonne
to
Lodovike
the
Fourth
Emperour
;
the
Marquisate
and
Electorate
of
Brandenburgh
:
as
a
recompence
for
the
right
of
the
Palatine
Electorate
.
Whereby
it
appeareth
,
that
it
is
a
most
false
calumnie
of
them
that
affirme
that
the
Counts
Palatine
did
by
the
connivence
of
Charles
the
Fourth
,
take
away
from
the
Bavarian
,
the
ancient
right
of
voyce
and
Electorall
dignitie
.
When
as
on
the
contrary
,
it
is
manifest
out
of
authentike
records
,
and
all
the
Histories
of
those
times
;
that
the
Princes
Palatine
did
in
no
sort
invade
any
right
of
another
mans
,
and
that
was
not
due
to
themselves
:
but
did
recover
their
Hereditarie
rights
which
was
extorted
from
them
by
Lodovike
the
Fourth
,
by
force
and
fraud
;
and
did
unite
it
for
ever
to
the
House
of
the
Palatines
of
Rhyne
;
by
the
consent
of
all
the
Electors
and
Princes
of
the
Empire
.
And
consequently
,
that
the
Bavarians
before
their
late
intrusion
,
had
never
any
right
at
all
to
the
Electorate
:
nor
were
ever
like
to
have
,
otherwise
then
by
a
violent
detention
.
For
,
let
both
the
translations
be
compared
;
that
of
Charles
the
Fourth
,
upon
the
Prince
Palatine
Rupert
:
and
of
Ferdinand
the
Second
,
upon
Maximilian
of
Bavaria
:
and
the
Iustice
of
the
one
,
and
the
injustice
of
the
other
will
appeare
more
cleare
then
the
noone-day
.
In
the
one
,
Charles
the
Fourth
,
did
not
so
much
out
of
grace
bestow
the
Electorall
Dignitie
upon
Rupert
the
Prince
Palatine
,
as
of
due
restore
it
being
taken
away
from
his
Vncle
by
force
.
In
the
other
,
Ferdinand
the
Second
,
granted
the
Dignitie
,
being
taken
away
from
the
Prince
Palatine
Fredericke
the
Fifth
,
without
desert
,
unto
the
Bavarian
:
who
can
pretend
no
right
at
all
unto
it
.
In
the
one
,
Charles
the
Fourth
having
formerly
obtained
the
consent
of
all
the
Electors
,
did
in
the
publike
Assembly
of
the
Empire
restore
unto
the
Prince
Palatine
the
Suffrage
of
Election
:
even
Lodovike
the
Roman
,
Marquesse
of
Brandenburgh
,
assenting
thereunto
.
To
whom
it
most
properly
belonged
,
to
perpetuate
so
great
an
honour
to
his
Family
.
In
the
other
,
Ferdinand
the
Second
,
upon
the
league
made
at
Munchen
;
for
sending
of
aide
against
the
Bohemians
,
sold
the
Palatinate
to
the
Bavarian
,
before
the
Prince
Palatine
had
set
a
foot
in
Bohemia
:
and
against
the
publike
exceptions
,
oppositions
,
and
appeales
of
all
the
Protestants
,
thrust
Maximilian
into
it
by
force
.
Lastly
,
in
the
one
,
Lodovike
surnamed
the
Roman
,
sonne
to
the
Emperour
Lodovike
the
Fourth
,
having
received
the
Electorate
of
Brandenburgh
,
in
the
yeare
1352.
year
1352
upon
the
resignation
of
his
brother
,
Lodovike
the
first
:
did
by
a
solemne
renunciation
yield
up
the
right
of
the
Palatine
Electorate
,
to
his
Cosin
Germane
:
In
the
other
,
the
Elector
Palatine
did
neither
in
his
owne
name
,
nor
in
the
name
of
his
Brother
or
Kinsfolkes
ever
renounce
his
so
lawfull
right
:
but
rather
chose
to
undergoe
all
extremities
,
and
even
a
ten
yeares
banishment
;
then
he
would
suffer
himselfe
to
be
so
unjustly
deprived
of
so
illustrious
a
dignitie
.
For
,
as
for
that
which
by
the
Trans-action
of
Prague
,
is
offered
to
the
Princes
Palatine
;
that
if
laying
aside
the
right
of
the
Electorate
,
they
will
come
like
humble
suppliants
,
and
begge
pardon
of
the
Emperour
:
lands
and
revenues
,
competent
for
their
family
and
descent
,
should
bee
assigned
unto
them
:
it
is
much
like
to
the
pleasant
devise
of
the
Triumvirie
in
Rome
,
wherein
this
favour
was
granted
unto
him
,
Dion
Cassius
Histor.
lib.
47.
p.
336
that
should
willingly
yield
up
the
possession
of
his
whole
estate
;
that
he
might
afterwards
be
repossessed
of
a
third
part
of
it
.
And
that
was
(
saith
the
Historian
)
to
receive
just
nothing
at
all
;
and
besides
,
to
loose
all
their
labour
and
travaile
.
For
they
who
were
stripped
by
open
violence
of
the
whole
two
parts
of
their
estate
,
how
should
they
receive
a
third
part
backe
againe
:
especially
when
their
estates
were
sold
to
the
souldiers
at
so
cheape
rates
?
Besides
,
this
Injurie
done
to
the
Prince
Palatine
,
threatneth
the
like
to
the
rest
of
the
Princes
:
and
the
exclusion
of
the
chiefe
of
the
Princes
,
draweth
with
it
the
ruine
of
the
inferiour
States
.
For
if
the
Austrians
,
being
conquerours
,
bee
not
ashamed
to
deale
so
shamefully
with
the
Head
of
the
Electors
,
what
can
wee
hope
will
become
of
the
rest
of
the
members
of
the
Empire
:
who
neither
in
power
,
nor
dignitie
,
nor
amitie
of
strangers
,
are
to
be
compared
with
him
?
Certainely
,
whosoever
of
the
Protestants
shall
apply
themselves
to
their
partie
:
they
will
according
to
the
example
of
the
Duke
of
Saxony
,
be
bereaved
of
their
strength
,
their
fortresses
,
and
their
owne
troupes
:
and
being
by
that
meanes
made
naked
,
feeble
and
disarmed
;
shall
onely
beare
the
empty
name
of
the
Austrian
Commissaries
.
And
whosoever
shall
refuse
presently
to
yield
his
necke
to
the
yoake
which
heretofore
the
Germans
have
bin
unacquainted
with
;
and
shall
not
with
closed
eies
accept
of
any
Articles
whatsoever
:
they
shall
forthwith
,
after
the
examples
of
the
Dukes
of
Wirtembergh
,
be
proscribed
as
enemies
of
the
Empire
;
and
guilty
of
treason
against
his
Imperiall
Majestie
,
and
be
stripped
of
all
their
Patrimonies
.
The
Imperiall
Cities
,
which
were
anciently
free
after
the
example
of
Donawert
,
Ratisbone
,
and
Auspurgh
,
shall
bee
delivered
up
to
their
Allies
for
the
expences
of
the
Warre
:
and
under
the
name
of
being
morgaged
,
shall
bee
inslaved
in
perpetuall
servitude
to
usurping
Lords
.
But
for
Germany
,
enough
;
and
perhaps
more
then
was
fit
,
hath
beene
said
of
it
.
I
would
to
God
there
had
not
been
more
and
more
odious
things
done
,
then
hath
beene
said
:
and
that
worse
mischiefes
were
not
to
be
feared
,
then
are
to
bee
related
.
CHAP.
IIII.
The
fourth
Nullitie
on
the
part
of
the
Swedes
.
IT
remaineth
,
now
,
that
wee
should
in
a
few
words
declare
the
Injuries
done
to
Princes
,
and
forreigne
Kings
by
this
Conspiracie
of
Prague
.
And
first
of
all
;
it
was
no
small
thing
strange
,
that
our
Triumvirs
have
so
shamefully
excluded
and
rejected
from
the
benefit
of
the
Common
Treaty
,
the
Princes
and
States
of
Germany
:
whose
strengths
and
territories
they
had
already
swallowed
in
their
most
greedy
hopes
.
But
this
seemeth
unto
all
men
very
absurd
;
that
the
same
men
having
neglected
,
and
prostrated
the
right
of
Majestie
;
have
remooved
out
of
the
Councell
of
publike
like
pacification
so
many
Kings
and
Kingdomes
,
having
no
dependance
upon
the
sacred
Empire
:
whom
it
principally
concerned
that
tranquilitie
should
bee
restored
to
Europe
,
and
libertie
to
Germany
;
and
have
as
it
were
,
with
the
power
of
a
Dictator
denounced
a
most
deadly
Warre
against
all
those
,
that
should
oppose
their
Triumvirate
.
For
,
to
say
nothing
of
those
renowned
Princes
;
the
King
of
Great
Britaine
,
whose
Sisters
Children
,
after
so
many
windie
and
dilatory
promises
;
are
so
cruelly
kept
out
of
their
possessions
,
and
Hereditary
rights
.
The
King
of
Denmarke
;
from
whose
son
,
without
hearing
or
understanding
his
cause
;
the
Archbishoprick
of
Bremen
,
with
the
Suffragane
Bishoprickes
were
taken
away
in
so
judiciall
a
manner
.
The
united
and
Confederate
States
of
the
Low-Countries
against
whom
,
under
the
title
of
restoring
the
Germane
libertie
;
armes
joyned
in
conspiracie
with
the
Spaniard
,
are
taken
up
.
That
is
against
all
manner
of
reason
,
and
deserves
not
so
much
as
any
shew
of
excuse
;
that
the
King
and
Kingdomes
of
France
and
Sweden
,
being
engaged
in
Common
armes
,
and
united
in
a
joynt
Warre
with
the
Chiefe
of
the
Protestants
;
are
so
disgracefully
proscribed
against
the
law
of
Nations
:
and
are
commanded
like
slaves
and
vassals
,
to
obey
the
Commands
of
the
Spaniards
:
and
if
they
doe
otherwise
,
they
are
not
to
be
rowted
(
forsooth
)
but
to
be
swallowed
up
quite
withan
armie
of
80.
Regiments
:
As
if
they
were
not
able
to
obtaine
their
common
peace
,
as
a
reward
of
their
owne
valour
;
but
onely
as
the
gift
of
anothers
power
:
or
that
they
ought
rather
to
begge
their
publike
safety
,
as
of
the
good
will
and
pleasure
of
their
enemies
;
then
by
conquering
Armies
to
wring
it
from
them
,
being
brought
upon
their
knees
;
or
as
if
they
were
ignorant
,
that
the
friendships
of
enemies
are
false
hearted
;
and
that
peace
voluntarily
offered
is
more
deceitfull
,
then
rest
purchased
by
strong
hand
.
For
,
what
can
be
more
unjust
,
or
more
sencelesse
;
then
for
forreigne
Kingdomes
,
over
which
,
neither
the
Emperor
,
nor
the
Empire
have
any
command
to
accept
at
the
pleasure
of
the
Austrians
,
and
Saxons
,
a
disgracefull
,
dishonourable
,
and
uncomely
Peace
;
and
no
lesse
calamitous
,
1.
Because
the
Swedes
making
Warre
in
their
owne
name
,
ought
to
make
an
agreement
in
their
owne
right
.
1626.
then
ignominious
to
themselves
,
and
their
Allies
.
Especially
,
when
as
the
most
renowned
King
of
Sweden
had
in
his
owne
name
denounced
.
Warre
against
the
Austrians
,
for
particular
injuries
done
to
himselfe
;
and
set
it
on
foot
,
the
Saxon
at
the
first
labouring
against
it
.
For
indeede
,
when
as
in
the
yeare
1626.
that
great
Gustavus
set
forward
with
his
Armie
in
Prussia
,
against
the
Polonians
:
the
Austrians
being
never
so
much
as
provoked
,
sent
forth
the
Duke
of
Halsatia
,
with
the
Imperiall
forces
and
badges
,
against
the
Swedes
.
And
in
the
yeare
1629.
year
1629
besieging
Stralesand
,
contrary
to
their
faith
and
promise
given
:
they
shut
up
the
commerce
of
the
Baltike
Sea
:
and
cast
the
Dukes
of
Meckleburgh
out
of
their
Hereditary
Estates
;
being
proscribed
,
and
their
cause
never
heard
.
That
glorious
King
being
justly
instigated
by
such
notorious
Injuries
;
did
endeavour
to
recover
the
safety
of
himselfe
and
his
friends
,
by
Armes
;
year
1630
which
hee
could
not
obtaine
by
a
friendly
Treaty
:
and
transporting
his
Armie
into
Germany
;
did
in
his
owne
name
;
and
under
his
owne
conduct
,
make
warre
upon
the
Emperour
:
and
intimated
the
causes
of
this
revenge
,
being
as
necessary
as
lawfull
,
unto
the
Colledge
of
Electors
.
But
having
over-runne
many
places
with
conquering
armes
;
hee
did
in
his
owne
particular
name
,
and
in
the
right
of
his
owne
Majestie
;
make
divers
accords
with
the
Emperour
,
Electors
,
and
Commanders
of
his
enemies
Armies
:
and
shortly
after
joyning
the
Protestants
to
him
,
year
1631
after
the
Victory
of
Leipsich
:
hee
either
made
,
or
attempted
to
make
publique
Confederacies
.
Not
with
the
Emperour
and
Leaguers
alone
;
but
also
with
the
Principall
States
and
Circles
of
the
Empire
:
the
Saxon
not
onely
conniving
thereunto
;
but
also
granting
to
that
most
prudent
King
,
full
authoritie
and
power
to
make
peace
.
Therefore
with
what
Iustice
can
hee
at
this
day
exclude
the
Swedes
,
from
having
their
part
in
the
Common
Treatie
;
who
doe
still
prosecute
the
same
Injures
:
and
those
that
be
more
grievous
ones
then
they
,
with
a
warre
no
way
mittigated
;
but
rather
more
incensed
?
With
what
conscience
can
hee
envie
the
according
of
a
publique
Peace
to
them
,
who
have
undertaken
a
Warre
upon
private
and
particular
causes
;
and
at
their
owne
particular
charge
?
Why
doth
hee
forbid
those
to
negotiate
,
for
the
remedies
of
their
mischiefes
;
whom
it
chiefely
concerneth
to
have
those
mischiefes
remooved
?
The
quiet
,
peace
and
libertie
of
all
are
indivisible
,
as
their
warre
and
injuries
were
:
neither
can
any
better
endeavour
the
reparation
of
their
lost
tranquillitie
;
then
they
that
labour
to
purchase
peace
,
with
the
hazard
of
their
owne
lives
.
Now
if
this
exclusion
of
the
Swedes
,
2.
Because
the
Duke
of
Saxony
in
his
owne
private
respect
oweth
revenging
imprecations
to
the
Sweds
.
doe
at
the
first
sight
appeare
to
bee
unjust
;
it
is
made
much
more
unjust
,
by
the
person
of
the
Saxon.
For
when
the
most
renowned
Gustavus
did
revenge
his
private
Injuries
,
by
a
particular
War
against
the
Emperour
;
the
Duke
of
Saxony
having
for
another
cause
,
stirred
up
the
Protestants
to
a
rebellion
:
he
,
and
his
being
besieged
and
lost
,
did
according
to
the
league
made
at
Torgaw
,
year
1631
entrust
all
the
fortunes
of
the
Protestants
,
to
the
valour
and
protection
of
the
Swedes
:
and
entred
into
a
societie
of
Armes
and
Counsells
with
them
;
and
so
being
delivered
from
the
present
danger
of
the
particular
cause
of
the
Swedes
,
he
made
the
common
cause
of
all
the
Protestants
;
and
turned
this
private
warre
into
a
publique
defence
.
And
though
now
as
a
perjured
man
,
against
his
faith
given
,
and
confirmed
by
his
oath
and
signature
;
hee
doth
revolt
from
his
Confederates
,
and
labour
to
purchase
the
amitie
of
his
Enemies
,
by
a
Triumvirall
conspiracie
.
Yet
the
Swedes
will
not
therefore
presently
follow
that
most
wicked
example
,
and
renounce
their
right
;
and
basely
laying
downe
their
Armes
,
desist
from
revenging
their
private
Injuries
.
Which
,
as
before
their
unhappy
Societie
entred
with
him
,
they
had
valiantly
begunne
to
doe
:
so
after
his
infamous
divorce
from
them
,
they
will
no
lesse
happily
execute
.
For
having
amongst
them
so
many
domesticall
examples
of
vertue
,
they
will
not
bee
imitaters
of
other
Princes
in
frauds
,
and
perjuries
;
but
in
valour
and
brave
actions
:
as
certainely
knowing
,
that
hitherto
,
perfidious
crueltie
,
cowardise
,
and
calamitie
,
have
bene
on
the
Enemies
side
:
and
on
their
side
fidelitie
,
assistance
of
their
Confederates
,
valour
,
and
therefore
also
fortune
.
And
as
becommeth
brave
spirits
,
they
had
rather
in
a
good
cause
die
valiantly
,
then
flye
cowardly
.
Therefore
the
Duke
of
Saxony
,
is
so
farre
from
being
able
out
of
his
imaginary
plenitude
of
power
,
as
the
Protestants
Dictator
;
and
Austrian
Commissarie
,
to
command
the
Swedes
to
accept
of
a
peace
,
whether
they
will
or
not
;
or
to
make
an
accord
with
the
Emperour
in
their
name
:
that
on
the
contrary
,
although
the
Emperour
would
have
granted
all
their
petitions
,
and
righted
all
their
Injuries
:
yet
notwithstanding
,
they
have
reason
,
to
set
on
foot
,
a
new
and
more
heavie
quarrell
against
the
Saxon.
And
to
bring
against
him
a
charge
of
perfidiousnesse
,
perjurie
,
breach
of
covenant
,
forgetfulnesse
of
good
turnes
;
and
violation
of
the
law
of
Nations
.
Let
him
therefore
first
in
his
owne
name
,
make
an
accord
with
the
Swedes
,
for
the
Injuries
done
by
himselfe
:
and
afterwards
by
the
Emperours
Commission
,
he
shall
decide
the
Controversies
of
the
Empire
.
Let
the
perfidious
man
purge
himselfe
;
and
let
him
first
excuse
his
owne
crimes
,
before
hee
defend
other
mens
.
3.
Because
the
Swedes
cannot
basely
forsake
their
leagues
and
their
troupes
.
See
the
Acts
and
Treaties
betwixt
the
Sweeds
and
Saxons
,
conceived
in
the
yeare
1635.
n.
17.
19.
and
28.
Neither
is
this
of
lesse
importance
to
bee
considered
;
that
the
Swedes
,
after
they
had
once
undertaken
to
defend
the
Cause
of
the
Protestants
,
and
the
Libertie
of
Germany
;
they
made
reciprocall
leagues
with
many
Princes
and
States
of
the
Empire
,
for
the
defence
of
the
publique
Weale
.
As
with
them
of
Stralesund
,
the
fifteenth
of
Iuly
,
1628.
With
the
Duke
of
Pomerane
,
the
tenth
of
Iuly
1630.
With
the
Elector
of
Brandenburgh
,
the
first
of
September
1631.
With
the
foure
higher
Circles
,
in
the
Assembly
of
Frankford
,
in
the
yeare
1633.
And
with
the
States
of
the
Lower
Saxony
,
in
the
Convention
at
Halberstadt
.
And
so
having
called
in
most
parts
of
Europe
,
to
the
defence
of
their
libertie
;
they
gathered
together
most
puissant
Armies
out
of
many
Nations
:
and
having
by
their
valour
put
their
enemies
to
the
sword
;
at
their
owne
great
charge
,
and
greater
toyle
;
they
tooke
many
Cities
of
Germany
,
and
much
Munition
:
and
defended
them
with
the
inestimable
losse
of
their
King
.
And
therefore
they
cannot
with
the
safety
of
their
honour
and
reputation
,
cowardly
abandon
places
valiantly
gotten
;
unlesse
they
restore
all
things
unto
their
entire
condition
:
nor
frivolously
disband
an
Armie
no
lesse
famous
,
then
noble
,
without
giving
them
their
meanes
.
For
it
would
bee
wonderfully
ridiculous
,
that
they
should
have
gotten
so
many
most
strong
Forts
,
with
huge
expences
and
dangers
:
to
this
end
,
that
they
should
presently
after
restore
them
againe
at
the
pleasure
of
their
Enemies
:
and
that
they
should
have
bound
so
many
most
choice
,
noble
,
and
brave
men
,
with
a
Military
Oath
,
to
the
end
,
that
they
might
casheere
them
againe
,
when
their
bodies
were
maimed
,
their
meanes
spent
,
and
their
wounds
yet
gaping
,
miserable
,
naked
,
and
unarmed
:
and
as
banished
men
forbidden
the
use
of
fire
and
water
.
This
is
the
propertie
of
the
Saxon
,
and
his
Confederates
,
to
value
the
bodies
and
soules
of
the
souldiers
at
a
farthing
:
to
relieve
his
starved
Armies
with
the
oppres●●on
of
the
subjects
;
basely
to
abandon
things
rashly
gotten
,
to
alter
or
change
his
friendships
and
hatreds
,
according
to
the
inconstancy
of
Fortune
:
and
in
a
word
,
to
interpret
the
Triumvirall
prescription
,
by
the
name
of
a
generall
peace
.
The
Swedes
being
as
noble
as
famous
for
their
lawrell
wreathes
,
as
for
their
traffique
:
doe
reverence
valour
as
well
as
Constancie
;
and
as
they
are
wise
in
a
gowne
,
so
are
they
couragious
in
a
souldiers
coate
.
When
the
losse
or
hazard
of
honour
is
in
question
,
they
had
rather
have
a
bloudy
warre
,
then
a
fruitlesse
peace
;
and
doe
rather
choose
to
redeeme
their
Confederates
by
an
honourable
death
,
then
to
forsake
them
by
disgracefull
flinching
,
and
secret
turning
their
backes
.
As
people
that
have
well
learned
,
that
whatsoever
doth
any
where
concerne
their
friends
,
doth
also
concerne
themselves
,
and
that
a
part
of
the
common
detriment
reacheth
unto
them
as
particular
persons
.
Wherefore
they
will
never
be
induced
by
any
reason
or
force
to
be
so
unworthy
;
as
by
a
base
neglecting
of
the
warre
,
to
delude
their
Confederates
;
prostitute
their
friends
;
and
rather
to
admit
of
peace
upon
what
conditions
soever
,
then
to
treate
for
it
.
And
rather
with
readinesse
to
embrace
the
friendship
of
their
enemies
,
then
to
deserve
it
.
Especially
,
since
they
doe
assuredly
know
;
that
no
length
of
time
,
no
oblivion
,
shall
ever
wipe
away
the
sense
of
that
danger
,
whereunto
the
House
of
Austria
saw
it selfe
exposed
by
the
Swedish
forces
;
and
even
brought
as
it
were
,
to
the
last
gaspe
.
Hee
doth
not
well
know
the
condition
of
that
nation
,
that
doth
thinke
that
any
such
thing
,
can
fall
from
them
.
The
nature
of
Spaniards
is
long
to
remember
offences
,
but
quickly
to
forget
good
turnes
.
And
howseover
that
Caesar
of
old
time
would
often
say
,
that
hee
could
remember
all
things
saving
Injuries
:
the
disposition
of
this
present
Caesar
is
not
so
;
who
doth
not
onely
never
forgive
nor
forget
the
injuries
,
which
hee
imagineth
to
bee
offered
to
himselfe
and
his
House
:
but
also
watching
for
a
fit
occasion
for
a
whole
age
together
,
doth
revenge
it
upon
the
innocent
Children
,
and
grand-children
.
It
can
therefore
by
no
right
or
reason
be
required
of
the
Swedes
,
that
as
persons
content
with
the
suretiship
and
undertaking
of
the
Saxon
,
who
hath
often
so
perfidiously
deceiyed
them
;
they
should
carry
away
their
conquering
armies
out
of
the
Empire
:
that
they
should
abandon
a
publike
warre
without
good
securitie
of
an
universall
peace
;
and
commit
all
the
forces
and
fortunes
of
themselves
and
their
Allies
,
to
the
uncertaine
will
and
pleasure
of
most
mercilesse
enemies
.
As
if
after
their
warre
so
valiantly
and
so
happily
managed
;
they
were
to
carry
away
no
other
Trophyes
▪
but
the
immortall
hatred
of
the
Austrians
:
no
other
Triumphs
,
but
the
everlasting
threats
and
heart-burnings
of
the
Spaniards
.
But
I
cease
further
to
impaire
or
blemish
the
most
renowned
acts
of
that
Victorious
Nation
,
with
my
weake
and
poore
lines
.
Which
,
as
in
time
past
,
when
the
Roman
Empire
was
destroyed
;
it
did
restore
the
West
part
of
the
World
to
her
libertie
:
so
at
this
day
having
her
intentions
bent
upon
the
restitution
of
the
Germane
safety
;
The
defends
her
owne
cause
better
by
armes
then
by
pens
;
and
desireth
not
so
much
excuses
for
her
actions
,
as
praises
and
acclamations
.
CHAP.
V.
The
fifth
Nullitie
on
the
part
of
the
French
.
I
Come
to
the
French
,
a
people
breathing
libertie
,
by
the
very
derivation
of
their
name
.
Who
,
when
as
by
very
good
right
,
and
with
a
most
pious
purpose
,
they
had
engaged
themselves
in
the
common
Warre
:
by
the
decree
of
the
Triumvirate
of
Prague
,
against
all
right
,
and
contrary
to
all
pietie
;
were
not
onely
rejected
from
the
publique
pacification
;
but
also
proscribed
as
enemies
of
the
Empire
;
favourers
of
Heretikes
;
instigators
of
Turkes
,
and
disturbers
of
the
Christian
Common
wealth
.
And
under
colour
of
a
Warre
against
Lorraine
,
are
commanded
to
be
destroyed
with
the
whole
power
of
Germany
joyned
together
.
Indeed
,
1.
Because
the
most
Christian
King
by
the
right
of
Protection
hath
preserved
the
Catholike
Faith
in
the
Empire
.
1631.
when
as
in
the
yeare
1631.
the
most
renowned
King
of
the
Swedes
having
overthrowne
the
Forces
of
the
Austrians
,
and
of
the
Leaguers
;
did
runne
through
the
Empire
without
resistance
,
(
the
Emperour
being
afraid
of
him
;
the
Bavarian
flying
;
and
the
Spaniard
not
so
much
as
whispering
against
him
)
and
took
possession
of
the
best
Provinces
&
Cities
of
Germany
:
and
by
that
meanes
brought
the
affaires
of
the
Catholikes
into
grievous
straights
▪
and
to
most
imminent
destruction
.
The
most
Christian
King
being
ever
heretofore
a
subduer
of
Heretikes
;
and
a
defendor
of
the
Catholikes
;
fearing
least
by
the
progresse
of
this
civill
warre
,
the
cause
of
Religion
might
receive
prejudice
:
did
not
onely
by
sending
Embassadors
to
that
victorious
King
,
obtaine
for
all
the
Catholikes
,
which
were
brought
under
his
command
;
a
full
libertie
and
exercise
of
their
Religion
;
but
also
offering
to
the
rest
the
remedie
of
Neutralitie
,
tooke
into
his
Royall
defence
and
protection
,
the
Archbishopricke
of
Triers
,
the
Bishoprickes
of
Spire
and
Basill
:
and
very
many
other
Dukes
,
Counts
,
and
Cities
of
Germany
.
And
through
his
moderation
no
lesse
pious
then
prudent
,
he
stopped
the
unavoydable
ruine
of
the
Catholikes
in
the
Empire
;
and
kept
off
imminent
destruction
from
the
Protestants
.
So
the
Religion
of
his
Ancestors
being
preserved
,
and
established
;
hee
seeing
Princes
unjustly
cast
out
by
the
Austrians
;
Cities
deprived
of
their
liberties
;
and
his
neighbours
either
oppressed
,
or
ready
to
bee
oppressed
with
the
Spanish
yoake
:
joyned
his
Confederate
armes
with
the
Swede
;
restored
the
Princes
to
their
Territories
,
and
the
Territories
to
their
Princes
;
Cities
to
their
priviledges
;
and
the
Empire
to
his
ancient
rights
and
dignities
:
and
delivered
all
his
neighbours
and
friends
from
the
tyranny
of
the
Spaniards
.
And
yet
notwithstanding
for
all
these
his
good
merits
towards
Religion
and
the
Christian
Common
wealth
;
he
is
onely
not
proscribed
by
the
Austrians
,
but
accused
by
them
to
be
the
kindler
,
fomenter
,
and
advancer
of
the
whole
Germane
Warre
:
and
is
also
with
most
false
calumnies
exclaimed
on
;
as
if
he
had
conspired
with
the
Lutherans
for
the
extirpation
of
the
Catholike
truth
.
And
even
the
Emperour
himselfe
unto
whom
the
zeale
of
Lewis
the
thirteenth
,
cannot
bee
unknowne
,
by
so
many
warres
as
have
beene
made
by
him
against
Heretiks
;
yet
in
his
Declaration
touching
the
benefits
and
commodities
of
the
Peace
of
Prague
,
set
forth
at
Baden
the
8th
day
of
Iune
,
1635
he
doth
plainely
professe
:
That
if
haply
any
man
shall
conceive
,
that
in
the
Treaty
of
Prague
sufficient
provision
is
not
made
for
the
good
of
the
State
,
and
of
Religion
;
that
the
cause
thereof
is
not
to
bee
imputed
to
him
and
his
Confederates
;
but
to
the
most
Christian
King
.
Who
though
hee
bee
commonly
stiled
the
eldest
sonne
of
the
Church
;
yet
hee
was
not
onely
not
ashamed
in
the
beginning
of
this
Warre
,
to
sue
for
the
assistance
of
Heretikes
;
to
call
in
the
King
of
Sweden
a
stranger
to
aide
him
;
to
make
a
solemne
League
with
him
;
to
feede
and
re-enforce
both
their
strengths
being
joyned
together
;
and
of
his
owne
proper
motion
,
without
any
cause
,
and
contrarie
to
his
promise
given
,
to
invade
the
Provinces
of
the
Empire
:
but
doth
still
daily
endeavour
to
stirre
up
the
Princes
and
States
against
him
,
being
pulled
away
from
the
Emperour
.
Yea
more
,
after
that
by
the
Victory
of
Nordingen
,
very
many
were
added
to
his
party
;
hee
with
armes
in
his
hand
,
tooke
possession
of
the
Cities
which
were
brought
under
his
Command
:
cast
the
garrisons
of
the
Catholikes
out
of
them
;
restored
those
of
the
Heretikes
;
and
as
much
as
in
him
lyeth
,
doth
endevour
to
stoppe
the
progresse
of
peace
and
Catholike
Religion
in
the
Empire
.
Insomuch
,
that
he
tooke
the
boldnesse
to
promise
the
Duke
of
Saxony
,
if
hee
would
range
himselfe
on
his
side
;
hee
would
not
onely
procure
him
the
better
conditions
of
peace
;
but
that
hee
would
labour
with
tooth
and
naile
,
that
the
Heresie
of
the
Lutherans
,
with
the
rest
of
the
Sects
might
bee
publikely
established
in
the
Kingdome
of
Bohemia
,
and
the
Provinces
united
to
it
.
Good
God
,
what
a
thing
is
this
?
the
most
Christian
King
,
who
,
when
the
rest
turned
their
backes
,
did
by
his
intercession
alone
made
to
the
Swedes
,
preserve
the
Catholike
faith
in
most
of
the
Provinces
of
Germany
:
did
hee
with
the
utmost
of
his
strength
stop
the
progresse
and
increase
thereof
!
Hee
that
delivered
divers
Bishops
out
of
the
fires
of
their
enemies
;
did
hee
adde
flame
to
the
Warre
against
the
Catholikes
!
He
that
stripped
the
Heretikes
of
France
out
of
all
their
strength
,
and
laid
them
on
their
backes
was
it
his
care
,
to
raise
up
the
Sectaries
of
Bohemia
to
their
ancient
power
!
These
are
frivolous
devices
of
his
adversaries
;
who
,
when
they
cannot
cloake
their
invasions
by
a
title
of
civill
right
,
they
betake
themselves
to
the
counterfeit
vizard
of
oppressed
Religion
:
and
as
if
the
warre
were
made
in
Germany
for
the
destruction
of
Religion
,
not
of
Tyranny
:
they
traduce
all
those
that
stand
for
the
libertie
of
the
Empire
,
as
Heretikes
;
or
at
the
least
,
favourers
of
Heretikes
.
2.
Because
the
Protection
of
the
Princes
,
and
States
of
the
Empire
,
cannot
bee
charged
to
be
the
French
Kings
fault
.
The
true
and
principall
cause
of
this
quarrell
and
indignation
is
,
that
the
most
Christian
King
when
things
were
,
in
regard
of
any
other
helpe
,
in
a
desperate
condition
;
hee
received
the
Archbishop
of
Triers
,
being
oppressed
by
the
Spaniards
,
into
his
patronage
and
protection
:
but
when
hee
had
cast
the
Spaniards
out
of
the
Citie
and
Territorie
of
Triers
,
he
restored
the
Prince
freely
to
his
rights
and
dignitie
.
year
1632
That
then
having
joyned
his
armes
with
the
Swedes
:
he
delivered
divers
other
States
of
the
Empire
;
as
namely
,
the
Palatines
,
the
Alsatians
,
and
the
Westrasians
,
from
the
pillings
and
pollings
of
the
Austrians
,
and
the
Lorraines
.
That
hee
did
by
no
new
nor
unheard
of
example
;
but
such
a
one
as
was
laid
downe
before
him
,
and
delivered
to
him
from
his
Ancestors
;
set
limits
to
the
ambition
of
his
enemies
,
and
stoutly
defended
the
Germane
libertie
.
The
protection
of
people
in
distresse
;
the
raysing
up
of
the
afflicted
;
and
the
restoring
of
them
that
are
cast
out
;
is
naturall
to
Kings
:
and
doth
not
belong
unto
them
so
much
by
the
right
of
their
Scepter
,
as
by
the
law
of
humanitie
.
It
is
the
duty
of
a
good
Magistrate
to
governe
his
subjects
,
and
to
protect
his
Allies
:
neither
is
there
any
greater
instrument
or
testimony
of
good
governement
;
then
when
neighbours
are
preserved
from
the
hands
of
their
enemies
.
And
if
by
common
right
it
be
a
fit
thing
for
all
Kings
to
succour
those
that
be
afflicted
;
yet
none
did
ever
more
justly
,
and
happily
practise
it
;
then
the
most
glorious
Monarches
of
the
French
:
who
,
for
this
last
age
and
more
(
to
lay
aside
those
things
which
are
more
ancient
,
and
more
forreigne
)
have
sent
frequent
aides
unto
the
Catholike
and
Protestant
States
of
the
Empire
,
against
the
Invasions
of
the
Spaniards
.
year
1534
So
Francis
I.
in
the
yeare
1534.
joyning
his
armes
with
Philip
Landgrave
of
Hassia
,
restored
Vlricus
Duke
of
Wittembergh
after
15.
yeares
banishment
,
being
cast
out
by
those
of
Swawben
,
through
the
faithlesse
dealings
of
the
Austrians
,
to
all
the
rights
and
Territories
which
Ferdinand
I.
had
formerly
possessed
under
the
name
of
an
Imperiall
Fee
.
So
Henry
II.
making
a
League
with
the
Protestants
,
in
the
yeare
1552.
year
1552
brought
home
Iohn
Frederike
Elector
of
Saxony
,
and
Philip
the
Landgrave
of
Hassia
,
being
like
slaves
shut
up
in
prison
by
Charles
V.
for
above
5.
yeares
together
;
contrary
to
his
faith
and
promise
,
and
restored
them
to
their
former
libertie
.
So
in
the
yeare
1620.
year
1620
when
by
the
Vnion
of
the
Protestants
and
troubles
of
Bohemia
,
the
affaires
of
the
Catholikes
were
brought
into
great
streights
;
and
the
Emperour
himselfe
being
then
in
a
manner
besieged
in
Vienna
,
ranne
a
hazard
not
onely
to
lose
the
Kingdomes
of
Bohemia
and
Hungary
,
but
even
his
owne
Hereditary
Provinces
:
Lewis
XIII
.
being
as
well
moved
with
the
zeale
of
preserving
the
Catholike
Religion
;
as
with
the
often
iterated
intreaties
of
the
Austrians
;
sending
Embassadours
to
the
Assembly
at
Vlme
,
dispersed
the
forces
and
Councels
of
all
the
united
Princes
,
procured
a
truce
betwixt
both
Armies
;
perswaded
the
Prince
of
the
Transilvanians
to
peace
,
and
so
giving
the
Emperour
liberty
to
breath
;
delivered
the
House
of
Austria
from
most
certaine
ruine
.
Now
if
the
Emperour
abusing
so
many
favours
done
him
,
doe
turne
his
victories
obtained
against
the
Heretikes
and
Rebels
,
into
a
slaughter
of
innocents
,
and
oppression
of
his
neighbours
;
and
doe
trans-ferre
the
fortunes
of
the
Empire
to
the
private
benefit
of
his
owne
Family
:
no
man
ought
to
thinke
it
strange
,
if
the
most
Christian
King
hauing
beene
the
authour
of
all
those
Victories
,
doe
endeavour
to
moderate
his
enormous
usurpations
;
and
to
reduce
them
to
the
equalitie
of
the
ancient
right
:
especially
,
since
he
well
knowes
,
what
difference
there
is
betwixt
the
Common-wealth
and
Religion
;
and
will
not
so
advance
the
rights
of
the
Empire
,
or
of
the
Allies
thereof
;
that
he
will
depresse
or
hinder
the
cause
,
3.
The
most
illustrious
Elector
of
Trevers
(
or
Trier
)
did
justly
and
seasonably
obtaine
the
protection
of
the
French
.
M.
M.
Author
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
pro
Domo
Austriaca
.
Bruxellis
editi
.
1635.
Richard
.
Wasserburgh
.
in
Antiquit.
Galliae
Belgicae
lib.
1.
p.
12.
&
lib.
7.
p.
102.
943.
or
exercise
of
the
Catholike
Religion
.
And
whereas
that
Bundler
of
calumnies
,
that
Pamphleter
of
Brussels
,
doth
traduce
this
protection
of
the
neighbour
Princes
;
and
make
it
as
an
invasion
of
forreigne
Provinces
:
that
is
easily
refuted
,
by
the
vanitie
of
the
lye
it selfe
.
For
as
it
appeareth
by
the
ancient
and
Authenticall
Stories
,
the
Archbishopricke
of
Triers
,
with
the
neighbour
and
suffragane
Bishoprickes
of
Metz
,
Toul
and
Verdun
,
being
very
anciently
united
to
the
Kingdome
of
the
French
;
were
at
length
,
in
the
yeare
943.
by
the
misfortune
and
imprudencie
of
Lewis
VI.
called
the
Transmarine
,
transferred
unto
the
Emperour
Otho
II.
Yet
they
ever
after
flourished
and
continued
under
the
amitie
and
patronage
of
the
French
,
though
Cities
subject
to
the
Empire
:
and
the
Prelates
of
those
Cities
,
desired
and
obtained
the
aide
and
protection
of
the
French
;
without
any
prejudice
to
the
Empire
,
or
detriment
to
their
owne
libertie
.
As
amongst
others
,
in
the
yeare
1337.
Henry
of
Aspremont
,
year
1337
Bishop
of
Verdun
,
sued
to
King
Philip
of
Valois
.
In
the
yeare
1450.
Conrade
Bayer
,
year
1450
Bishop
of
Metz
,
sued
to
Rene
of
Anjou
Duke
of
Lorraine
:
and
in
the
yeare
1467.
year
1467
Lewis
of
Bourbon
Bishop
of
Liege
to
Lewis
II.
the
French
King
;
and
to
Charles
the
Bold
,
Duke
of
Burgundy
.
All
these
desired
and
obtained
of
these
Princes
,
support
and
protection
against
the
Rebels
,
or
invaders
of
their
Ecclesiasticall
rights
:
without
any
prejudice
to
the
Majestie
of
the
Empire
.
And
whereas
that
mercenary
scribler
aledgeth
;
that
by
a
most
ancient
League
made
betweene
the
Bishops
of
Triers
,
and
the
Counts
and
Dukes
of
Lutzemburgh
;
the
Archbishoprick
and
Cities
of
Triers
,
is
and
hath
beene
under
the
protection
and
Advocacie
of
the
Dukes
of
Lutzemburgh
;
and
that
therefore
the
most
illustrious
Elector
of
Triers
,
ought
rather
to
have
sued
for
the
protection
of
the
King
of
Spaine
,
who
at
this
day
is
in
possession
of
the
Dutchy
of
Lutzemburgh
,
then
the
forreigne
patronage
of
the
French
;
is
a
frivolous
and
a
foolish
allegation
.
For
we
know
,
that
some
few
ages
since
,
the
Counts
of
Lutzemburgh
did
voluntarily
offer
their
protection
to
them
of
Triers
:
Guilielmus
Kyriander
in
Annalibus
Trevirorum
.
p.
158.
&
194.
1374.
and
that
the
Emperour
Charles
IV.
who
was
of
that
House
;
to
the
end
that
he
might
purchase
the
Empire
for
his
most
stupid
sonne
Wenceslaus
,
in
the
yeare
1374.
did
not
onely
pay
unto
Cuno
Archbishop
of
Trires
,
a
huge
summe
of
money
for
his
Electorall
voice
;
but
also
promised
him
a
mercenary
protection
against
all
enemies
of
what
condition
soever
.
And
that
soone
after
,
year
1376
in
the
yeare
1376.
a
controversie
betweene
the
Bishop
and
the
Citie
touching
matter
of
jurisdiction
being
put
over
to
him
;
he
did
order
that
Citie
&
State
to
be
wholly
and
fully
subject
to
the
Prelate
:
which
notwithstanding
is
yet
at
this
day
called
in
question
by
the
Citizens
.
But
we
know
also
,
that
this
protection
did
not
deprive
the
Archbishop
of
his
absolute
right
;
nor
that
it
did
of
one
under
the
protection
of
the
House
of
Lutzemburgh
,
make
him
a
slave
unto
the
Spaniard
:
&
that
a
Free
Prince
when
the
Patronage
of
his
former
Protector
faileth
him
,
may
justly
obtaine
the
Protection
of
a
new
Patron
:
especially
when
such
a
necessitie
hangs
over
his
head
,
that
he
cannot
bee
preserved
,
but
by
a
most
present
remedy
.
Which
,
since
the
most
illustrious
Elector
of
Triers
did
;
when
he
was
in
danger
to
bee
utterly
destroyed
by
the
Swedes
being
hard
at
his
backe
;
there
is
no
reason
,
why
the
Spaniards
should
bee
offended
at
it
:
who
at
that
time
were
so
farre
from
being
able
to
give
aide
to
others
,
by
right
of
protection
;
that
on
the
contrary
they
being
ingaged
in
a
most
perilous
Warre
with
the
Hollanders
,
did
lose
whole
Provinces
and
Cities
of
their
greatest
strength
:
as
Venlo
,
Ruremond
,
Mastricht
and
Limburgh
.
4.
Because
the
Emperour
endeavoureth
to
make
the
quarrells
of
the
Spaniards
common
to
the
whole
Empire
.
Neither
is
the
cunning
of
the
Austrians
here
to
be
passed
over
;
who
whilst
in
the
peace
of
Prague
,
they
make
a
shew
to
take
care
of
the
tranquilitie
of
Germany
;
yet
neglecting
all
the
respects
of
the
Empire
;
they
onely
provide
for
the
perticuler
benefit
of
their
owne
.
For
whereas
there
have
been
of
old
time
,
many
controversies
and
some
Warres
betwixt
the
French
and
Spaniards
,
touching
the
Kingdoms
of
Naples
,
Sicilye
,
and
Navar
;
and
touching
the
Duchies
of
Milan
and
Burgundy
.
The
French
justly
laying
claime
to
those
things
from
the
Spaniards
which
had
beene
unjustly
taken
from
them
:
The
Emperour
denouncing
publique
Warre
against
the
French
,
makes
the
quarells
which
were
particular
to
him
and
his
;
common
to
the
whole
Empire
:
ties
and
engages
all
the
Princes
to
his
owne
domesticall
interest
;
and
the
better
to
maintaine
the
Tyranny
of
the
Spaniards
,
entangles
all
the
Germans
in
a
forreigne
Warre
.
A
subtiltie
long
ago
attempted
by
the
Austrians
;
but
ever
strongly
rejected
by
the
States
of
the
Empire
.
For
so
in
the
yeare
1492.
year
1492
Extant
apud
Goldastum
Constitut
.
Imper.
Tom.
1.
&
4.
1526.
1542.
Maximilian
I.
in
the
Diet
at
Coblentz
;
and
Charles
V.
in
his
Epistle
to
the
Electors
,
dated
at
Madrid
the
29.
of
November
1526.
and
againe
,
in
the
yeare
1542.
in
the
Diet
at
Spire
:
did
traduce
Charles
VIII
.
and
Francis
.
I.
the
French
Kings
,
as
disturbers
of
the
Christian
Common
Wealth
;
invaders
of
other
mens
Principalities
;
and
favourers
of
the
Turkes
and
Heretikes
;
and
did
in
vaine
desire
,
that
the
Warres
made
against
them
out
of
private
respects
,
might
be
revenged
by
the
power
of
whole
Germany
;
as
injuries
offered
to
the
Empire
.
After
the
same
manner
,
their
successours
have
omitted
no
meanes
of
endeavour
;
that
they
might
by
some
publique
device
of
the
Diet
,
proscribe
the
Confederate
States
of
the
Low
Countries
,
as
Rebells
to
the
Empire
,
and
gilty
of
high
Treason
,
for
shaking
off
the
yoke
of
the
Spaniards
.
Which
,
neverthelesse
the
States
of
the
Empire
in
the
Diet
at
Wormbs
,
in
the
yeare
1578.
and
in
the
late
Diet
at
Ratisbone
1630.
year
1578
year
1630
absolutely
refused
to
doe
.
5.
Because
the
cause
of
Lorraine
belongeth
not
at
all
to
the
Emperour
.
And
the
cause
of
Lorraine
,
is
most
vainely
aleaged
to
bee
a
motive
for
this
Warre
:
Because
that
Austrasia
many
ages
ago
united
to
the
Scepter
of
the
French
,
and
a
principall
Patrimony
of
the
Kingdome
of
France
,
under
both
the
races
of
their
Kings
;
980.
at
length
,
in
the
yeare
980.
it
was
taken
away
from
the
French
by
the
King
of
the
Germanes
,
Aimoinus
Hist.
lib.
5.
c.
44.
p.
510.
editionis
Freherianae
.
Continuator
Chronici
Flodoardi
,
qui
extat
To.
2.
Hist.
Gall.
editorum
a
V.
C.
Andrea
Duchesnio
.
1636.
p.
626.
Extant
ibidem
.
p.
797.
under
a
pretence
of
a
right
of
homage
to
bee
done
to
them
for
it
:
and
so
it
was
by
Lothaire
the
French
King
conferred
upon
the
Emperour
Otho
the
Second
,
as
a
Fee
;
against
the
will
and
liking
of
the
Princes
and
Peeres
of
that
Kingdome
.
Vnto
which
things
,
Gerbert
,
afterwards
Archbishop
of
Rheims
,
and
at
the
last
Pope
of
Rome
,
hath
reference
in
his
35.
Epistle
,
where
he
saith
:
That
Adalbero
Archbishop
of
Rheims
,
tooke
hostages
of
the
Nobles
of
the
Kingdome
of
Lorraine
,
and
compelled
them
to
doe
homage
unto
the
Emperours
sonne
,
but
under
the
protection
and
Signorie
of
the
French
King
.
Now
if
in
the
succeeding
times
the
Dukes
of
Lorraine
being
situate
in
the
confines
of
both
these
great
Princes
,
and
through
the
changeable
condition
of
their
fortune
wavering
betwixt
both
,
have
beene
faithfull
to
neither
,
but
have
withdrawne
their
homage
from
both
.
Certainely
it
doth
no
more
belong
to
the
Emperour
,
to
mingle
the
interest
of
the
Empire
with
the
cause
of
Lorraine
;
then
it
was
fit
for
the
Duke
of
Lorraine
with
Clandistine
mariage
and
open
armes
,
to
disturbe
be
peace
of
France
,
and
with
most
injurious
calumnies
to
scandalize
the
Majestie
of
the
French
Empire
.
But
I
cease
to
presse
and
obtrude
a
defence
,
to
a
most
just
cause
;
The
Conclusion
.
which
having
beene
often
approoved
from
heaven
,
hath
left
more
ignominie
then
glory
to
the
enemies
of
it
.
And
from
those
things
that
have
beene
hitherto
declared
;
I
gather
,
that
the
onely
scope
of
the
Trans-action
of
Prague
,
was
to
advance
the
greatnesse
of
the
House
of
Austria
,
whether
by
right
or
wrong
;
to
make
the
Empire
together
with
the
Kingdomes
of
Bohemia
and
Hungary
hereditary
to
him
:
and
in
a
word
,
by
bringing
under
the
rest
of
the
Kingdomes
of
Europe
,
to
establish
every
where
the
Spanish
Monarchie
.
And
so
almost
in
every
article
of
this
conspiracie
;
whosoever
are
either
adverse
to
the
Spaniards
,
or
suspected
to
bee
so
;
(
as
the
French
,
Swedes
,
and
Hollanders
)
are
excluded
out
of
the
Peace
,
and
assaulted
with
the
common
armes
:
and
whosoever
are
friends
,
neighbours
,
or
Allies
unto
them
,
are
most
bountifully
rewarded
out
of
the
spoiles
of
the
proscribed
.
Indeed
,
to
the
end
,
that
the
House
of
Austria
might
absolutely
rule
over
Germany
;
the
Eelector
Palatine
(
the
principall
Pillar
of
the
Empire
)
should
first
have
beene
proscribed
:
whose
forces
,
alliances
,
and
affection
to
his
Countrey
,
have
beene
long
since
adverse
to
Spanish
Counsells
.
Then
when
the
Palatine
was
stricken
downe
,
his
Territories
and
Diginities
must
bee
bestowed
upon
the
Bavarians
and
Spaniards
:
not
only
because
the
Countries
of
the
Bavarian
doe
lie
as
a
bulwarke
unto
the
Emperours
Patrimonie
,
to
defend
it
against
the
Heretike
Princes
of
upper
Germany
;
but
also
because
by
this
meanes
the
Austrians
will
alwaies
have
voices
enow
in
a
readinesse
in
the
Colledge
of
Electors
.
To
conclude
,
to
the
end
that
the
Emperour
might
make
use
of
all
the
strength
of
Germany
at
his
pleasure
;
an
Armie
of
eighty
Regiments
to
be
levied
and
paied
by
the
Princes
themselves
;
is
committed
to
the
absolute
command
of
the
King
of
Hungary
:
by
which
,
not
onely
the
Dukes
and
States
that
bee
refractory
,
may
be
chastised
;
but
also
that
power
,
which
is
left
to
the
Protestants
may
bee
cut
up
by
the
rootes
.
So
Germany
being
subdued
and
brought
under
,
and
Lorraine
recovered
;
it
seemed
afterwards
an
easie
matter
to
invade
France
,
to
conquer
Holland
;
and
to
bring
Britaine
under
the
yoake
,
as
being
their
due
long
since
by
a
mariage
with
Spaine
;
as
the
Emperour
confesseth
in
his
Declaration
of
the
causes
and
benefits
of
the
Peace
of
Prague
,
set
forth
at
Baden
the
eighth
of
Iune
1635.
That
Peace
being
on
this
manner
settled
,
his
Nephew
the
King
of
Spaine
will
very
easily
reduce
the
Hollanders
to
obedience
.
Therefore
it
is
so
farre
off
,
that
by
this
Trans-action
Peace
and
publike
tranquillity
hath
beene
sought
;
that
on
the
contrary
the
light
of
peace
being
every
where
put
out
,
warre
hath
beene
kindled
throughout
all
Europe
;
and
all
the
Princes
whether
they
would
or
not
,
have
beene
entangled
in
the
fatall
armes
of
the
House
of
Austria
.
Miserable
is
the
Peace
,
which
is
commanded
by
open
force
!
a
most
dolefull
Tranquillitie
,
which
troubles
al
things
!
a
most
treacherous
securitie
,
which
every
one
hath
cause
to
distrust
!
Certainely
,
feare
and
terrour
are
weake
bonds
of
love
;
which
when
they
are
removed
,
those
that
cease
to
feare
,
will
beginne
to
hate
.
It
is
certaine
,
that
a
faithfull
Peace
can
be
onely
there
,
where
men
are
willingly
reconciled
;
and
that
it
cannot
bee
hoped
to
be
of
any
long
continuance
in
that
place
where
servitude
is
aimed
at
.
Certainely
,
no
mortall
man
will
continue
longer
than
needs
must
in
such
a
condition
,
as
is
irkesome
to
him
;
and
evermore
in
an
uncertaine
quiet
:
though
concord
doe
in
shew
continue
,
yet
the
opening
and
remembring
of
offences
past
;
will
still
be
feared
.
That
is
a
true
tranquillitie
,
which
all
men
approve
,
and
every
one
desires
;
by
which
anger
is
turned
into
friendship
;
hatred
growes
into
leagues
of
amitie
;
and
an
equalitie
being
observed
among
all
,
and
the
Amnestia
extended
to
all
,
the
enemies
either
by
greatnesse
of
good
turnes
,
or
forgetting
of
injuries
are
turned
to
friends
.
FINIS
.