For the colony in Virginea Britannia. Lavves diuine, morall and martiall, &c. Virginia. This text is an enriched version of the TCP digital transcription A13057 of text S111283 in the English Short Title Catalog (STC 23350). Textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. The text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with MorphAdorner. The annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). Textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. This text has not been fully proofread Approx. 166 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 54 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. EarlyPrint Project Evanston,IL, Notre Dame, IN, St. Louis, MO 2018 A13057 STC 23350 ESTC S111283 99846657 99846657 11641 2240904581

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Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A13057) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 11641) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1475-1640 ; 1221:2) For the colony in Virginea Britannia. Lavves diuine, morall and martiall, &c. Virginia. Strachey, William, 1572?-1621. [8], 41, [7] p. [By William Stansby] for Walter Burre, Printed at London : 1612. Compiler's dedication signed: William Strachey. Variant 1: with an added dedication leaf to (a) Sir A. Auger, (b) Sir E. Sandys, or (c) Sir W. Wade. Variant 2: with an added leaf of verses to Lord de la Warre and Sir Thomas Smith. Printer's name from STC. Reproduction of the original in the Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery. eng Law -- Virginia -- Early works to 1800. eebo For the colony in Virginea Britannia. Lavves diuine, morall and martiall, &c. Virginia 1612 108 32302 68 0 0 0 0 0 21.05 C The rate of 21.05 defects per 10,000 words puts this text in the C category of texts with between 10 and 35 defects per 10,000 words. 2005-01 Assigned for keying and markup 2005-04 Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2005-05 Sampled and proofread 2005-05 Text and markup reviewed and edited 2005-10 Batch review (QC) and XML conversion

FOR The Colony in Virginea BRITANNIA .

Lawes Diuine , Morall and Martiall , &c.

Alget qui non Ardet .

Res nostrae subinde non sunt , quales quis optaret , sed quales esse possunt .

Printed at London for Walter Burre . 1612.

To the Right Honourable his singular good Lord , the Lord LAWARR , of the heroyicke and Religious Plantation in VIRGINIA-BRITANIA , the sole personall Aduancer , his Maiesties Lord Gouernour and Captaine GENERALL . OF all things we enioy , the Founders worth Is still most praide for : In attempts of warre , The Chargers fame is euer most set forth : Of all things founded true Religion farre , We are worthyest Palme , and merits holyest meede : This then Heroyicke Lord your glorie shrines , That y' are sole personall Lord of this great deede , Which more by all else shund the more it shines : Skorne then all common Aymes , and euery Act Where euery vulgar , thrusts for profit on , Nor praise ; nor prise affect , like the meere Fact Nor any other Honour build vpon , Then onely this , since 't is for Christs deare word , You shall be surnam'd ; The most Christian Lord . By an vnworthy follower of the same fortune , your Lordships Seruant , William Strachey .
To the much Honoured , in all Nations acknowledged the most renowned famous Factor and Professor of all Actions that haue the warrant of Religion , Honour or goodnesse , Sir THOMAS SMITH Knight , and in this piou● Plantation of Virginia-Britania , the vnremoueable cordiall friend , and right bounteous & well chosen TREASVRER . SIR , if the traffique with all Nations , ( Vent'ring your Purse for profit ) hath renown'd Your noble minde with all mens commendations , For this diuine gaine , it is triple Croun'd , In which you traffique not with men , but God : Not venturing , but surely gaining Soules : Not onely such as Idlenesse had trod , As low as hell , and giuen their flesh to Fowles , In our owne Countrey : but such soules beside , As liuing like the sonne of Earth , the Moule Haue neuer yet Heauens sauing light descry'd : More then the world he gaines , that gaines a soule : Which but your selfe , though few or none esteeme , Assures your soule a heauenly Diademe . William Strachey .
To the Right Honorable , the Lords of the Councell of Virginea . NOblest of men , though t is the fashion now Noblest to mixe with basest , for their gaine : Yet doth it fare farre otherwise with you , That scorne to turne to Chaos so againe , And follow your supreme distinction still , Till of most noble , you become diuine And imitate your maker in his will , To haue his truth in blackest nations shine . What had you beene , had not your Ancestors Begunne to you , that make their nobles good ? And where white Christians turne in maners Mores You wash Mores white with sacred Christan bloud This wonder ye , that others nothing make ; Forth them ( great LL. ) for your Lords Sauiors sake . By him , all whose duty is tributary to your Lordships , and vnto so excellent a cause . William Strachey .
To the constant , mighty , and worthie friends , the Commit●ies , Assistants vnto his Maiesties Councell for the Colonie in VIRGINEA-BRITANNIA .

WHen I went forth vpon this voyage , ( Right worthy Gentlemen ) true it is , I held it a seruice of dutie , ( during the time of my vnprofitable seruice , and purpose of stay in the Colonie , for which way else might I adde vnto the least hight of so Heroicke and pious a building ) to propose vnto my self to be ( though an vnable ) Remembrancer of all accidents , occurrences , and vndertakings thereunto , aduentitiall : In most of which since the time our right famous sole Gouernour then ; now Lieutenant Generall Sir Thomas Gates Knight , after the ensealing of his Commission hasted to our fleete in the West , there staying for him , I haue both in the Bermudas , and since in Virginea beene a sufferer and an eie witnesse , and the full storie of both in due time shall consecrate vnto your viewes , as vnto whom by right it appertaineth , being vowed patrones of a worke , and enterprise so great , then which no obiect nor action ( the best of bests ) in these times , may carry with it the like fame , honour , or goodnesse .

Howbet since many impediments , as yet must detaine such my obseruations in the shadow of darknesse , vntill I shall be able to deliuer them perfect vnto your iudgements , 〈◊〉 I shall prouoke and challenge ) I do in the meanetime present a transcript of the Toparchia or State of those duties , by which the●● Colonie stands regulated and commaunded , that such may receiue due chicke , who malitiously and desperately heretoforè haue censured of it , and by examining of which they may be right sorie so to haue defaulked from vs as if we liued there lawlesse , without obedience to our Countrey , or obseruancie of Religion to God .

Nor let it afflict the patience of such full and well instructed iudgements , vnto whom many of these constitutions and Lawes Diuine or Marshall may seeme auncient and common , since these grounds are the same constant , Asterismes , and starres , which must guide all that trauell in th●se perplexed wayes , and paths of publique affairs ; & whosoeuer shall wander from them , shall but decline a hazardous and by-course to bring their purposes to good effect .

Nor let another kind quarrell or traduce the Printing of them to be deliuered in particular to officers and priuate Souldiers for their better instruction , especially vnto a Company for the 〈◊〉 , vnsetled and vnfurnished , since we know well how short our memories are oftentimes , and vnwilling to giue sto●ge to the better things , and such things as limit and bound mankind in their necessariest duties .

For which it transcends not the reach of his vnderstanding , who is conuersant , if but as for a festiuall exercise , ( euery 〈◊〉 Moone ) in reading of a booke , that records and ed●cts for manners or ciuill duties , haue vsually beene fixed vpon ingrauen Tables , for the Commons daily to ouerlooke : a custome more especially cherished by those not many yeeres since in Magnuza who haue restored ( as I m●● say ) after so great a floud and rage of abused goodness● , all Lawes , literature and Vertue againe , which had well nigh perished , had not the force of piety and sacred reason remaining in the bosomes of some few , opposed it selfe against the fury of so great a calamity , of whom it is an vndenyable truth , that the meanes and way wherby they reduced the generall def●ction , was by printing thereby so houlding vppe those inuolued principles , and Instructions wherein ( as in a mirror , the blind and wandering iudgement might suruaye , what those knowledges were , which taught both how to gouerne , and how to obey , ( the end indeed of sociable mankinds Creation ) since without order and gouernment , ( the onely hendges , whereupon , not onely the safety , but the being of all states doe turne and depend ) what society may possible subsist , or commutatiue goodnesse be practised . And thus law●s being published , euery common eye may take suruey of their duties , and carrying away the tenour of the same , meditate , & bethinke how safe , quiet , and comely it is to be honest , iust , and ciuill .

And indeed all the sacred powers of knowledge and wisedome are strengthned by these two waies , either by a kind of diuine nature , which his happy creation hath blessed him with , the vertue whereof comprehendeth , foreseeth and vnderstandeth the truth and cleerenesse of all things : or by instruction and tradition from others , which must improue his wants , and by experience render him perfect , awaking him in all seasons a vigilant obseruer of ciuill cautions and ordinances , an excellent reason inforcing no lesse vnto the knowledge of him that will shine a starre in the firmament , where good men moue , and that is , that no man doth more ill then hee that is ignorant .

For the auoiding of which , and to take away the plea of I did not know in him that shall exorbitate or goe aside with any delinquencie which may be dangerous in example or execution , albeit true it is how hee is indeede the good and honest man that will be good , and to that needeth fewe other precepts . It hath appeared most necessary vnto our present Ethnarches Deputy Gouernor Sir Thomas Dale knight Marshall , not onely to exemplifie the olde Lawes of the Colony , by Sir Thomas Gates published & put in execution by our Lord Generall Laware during his time one whole yeere of being there , but by vertue of his office , to prescribe and draw new , with their due penaltyes , according vnto which wee might liue in the Colony iustly one with another , and performe the generall seruice for which we first came thither , and with so great charges & expences , are now setled & maintained there .

For my paines , and gathering of them , as I know they will be right welcom to such young souldiers in the Colony who are desirous to learne and performe their duties , so I assure me , that by you I shall bee encouraged to go on in the discharge of greater offices by examining and fauouring my good intention in this , and in what else my poore knowledge or faithfulnesse may enable me to be a seruant in so beloued and sacred a businesse . And euen so committing to your still most abstract , graue and vnsatisfied carefulnesse , both it and my selfe , I wish returne of seuen fold into such his well inspired bosome , who hath lent his helping hand vnto this new Sion . From my lodging in the blacke Friers .

At your best pleasures , either to returne vnto the Colony , or to pray for the successe of it heere . WILLIAM STRACHEY .

Articles , Lawes , and Orders , Diuine , Politique , and Martiall for the Colony in Virginea : first established by Sir Thomas Gates Knight , Lieutenant Generall , the 24. of May 1610. exemplified and approued by the Right Honourable Sir Thomas West Knight , Lord Lawair , Lord Gouernour and Captaine Generall the 12. of Iune 1610. Againe exemplified and enlarged by Sir Thomas Dale Knight , Marshall , and Deputie Gouernour , the 22. of Iune . 1611.

WHereas his Maiestie like himselfe a most zealous Prince hath in his owne Realmes a principall care of true Religion , and reuerence to God , and hath alwaies strictly commaunded his Generals and Gouernours , with all his forces wheresoeuer , to let their waies be like his ends , for the glorie of God .

And forasmuch as no good seruice can be performed , or warre well managed , where militarie discipline is not obserued , and militarie discipline cannot be kept , where the rules or chiefe parts thereof , be not certainely set downe , and generally knowne , I haue ( with the aduise and counsell of Sir Thomas Gates Knight , Lieutenant Generall ) adhered vnto the lawes diuine , and orders politique , and martiall of his Lordship ( the same exemplified ) an addition of such others , as I haue found either the necessitie of the present State of the Colonie to require , or the infancie , and weaknesse of the bodie thereof , as yet able to digest , and doe now publish them to all persons in the Colonie , that they may as well take knowledge of the Lawes themselues , as of the penaltie and punishment , which without partialitie shall be inflicted vpon the breakers of the same .

1 FIrst since we owe our highest and supreme duty , our greatest , and all our allegeance to him , from whom all power and authoritie is deriued , and flowes as from the first , and onely fountaine , and being especiall souldiers emprest in this sacred cause , we must alone expect our successe from him , who is onely the blesser of all good attempts , the King of kings , the commaunder of commaunders , and Lord of Hostes , I do strictly commaund and charge all Captaines and Officers , of what qualitie or nature soeuer , whether commanders in the field , or in towne , or townes , forts or fortresses , to haue a care that the Almightie God bee duly and daily serued , and that they call vpon their people to heare Sermons , as that also they diligently frequent Morning and Euening praier themselues by their owne exemplar and daily life , and dutie herein , encouraging others thereunto , and that such , who shall often and wilfully absent themselues , be duly punished according to the martiall law in that case prouided .

2 That no man speake impiously or maliciously , against the holy and blessed Trinitie , or any of the three persons , that is to say , against God the Father , God the Son , and God the holy Ghost , or against the knowne Articles of the Christian faith , vpon paine of death .

3 That no man blaspheme Gods holy name vpon paine of death , or vse vnlawfull oathes , taking the name of God in vaine , curse , or banne , vpon paine of seuere punishment for the first offence so committed , and for the second , to haue a bodkin thrust through his tongue , and if he continue the blaspheming of Gods holy name , for the third time so offending , he shall be brought to a martiall court , and there receiue censure of death for his offence .

4 No man shall vse any traiterous words against his Maiesties Person , or royall authority vpon paine of death .

5 No man shall speake any word , or do any act , which may tend to the derision , or despight of Gods holy word vpon paine of death : Nor shall any man vnworthily demeane himselfe vnto any Preacher , or Minister of the same , but generally hold them in all reuerent regard , and dutifull intreatie , otherwise he the offender shall openly be whipt three times , and aske publike forgiuenesse in the assembly of the congregation three seuerall Saboth daies .

6 Euerie man and woman duly twice a day vpon the first towling of the Bell shall vpon the working daies repaire vnto the Church , to heare diuine Seruice vpon pain of losing his or her dayes allowance for the first omission , for the second to be whipt , and for the third to be condemned to the Gallies for six Moneths . Likewise no man or woman shall dare to violate , or breake the Sabboth by any gaming , publique , or priuate abroad , or at home , but duly sanctifie and obserue the same , both himselfe and his familie , by preparing themselues at home with priuate prayer , that they may bee the better fitted for the publique , according to the commandements of God , and the orders of our Church , as also euery man and woman shal repaire in the morning to the diuine seruice , and Sermons preached vpon the Saboth day , and in the afternoon to diuine seruice , and Catechising , vpon paine for the first fault to lose their prouision , and allowance for the whole weeke following , for the second to lose the said allowance , and also to be whipt , and for the third to suffer death .

7 All Preachers or Ministers within this our Colonie , or Colonies , shall in the Forts , where they are resident , after diuine Seruice , duly preach euery Sabbath day in the forenoone , and Catechise in the afternoone , and weekely say the diuine seruice , twice euery day , and preach euery Wednesday , likewise euery Minister where he is resident , within the same Fort , or Fortresse , Townes or Towne , shall chuse vnto him , foure of the most religious and better disposed as well to informe of the abuses and neglects of the people in their duties , and seruice to God , as also so to the due reparation , and keeping of the Church handsome , and fitted with all reuerent obseruances thereunto belonging : likewise euery Minister shall keepe a faithfull and true Record , or Church Booke , of all Christnings , Marriages , and deaths of such our people , as shall happen within their Fort , or Fortresses , Townes or Towne at any time , vpon the burthen of a neglectfull conscience , and vpon paine of losing their Entertainement .

8 He that vpon pretended malice , shall murther or take away the life of any man , shall bee punished with death .

9 No man shal commit the horrible , and detestable sins of Sodomie vpon pain of death ; & he or she that can be lawfully conuict of Adultery shall be punished with death . No man shall rauish or force any woman , maid or Indian , or other , vpon pain of death , and know ye that he or shee , that shall commit fornication , and euident proofe made thereof , for their first fault shall be whipt , for their second they shall be whipt , and for their third they shall be whipt three times a weeke for one month , and aske publique forgiuenesse in the Assembly of the Congregation .

10 No man shall bee found guilty of Sacriledge , which is a Trespasse as well committed in violating and abusing any sacred ministry , duty or office of the Church , irreuerently , or prophanely , as by beeing a Church robber , to filch , steale or carry away any thing out of the Church appertaining thereunto , or vnto any holy , and consecrated place , to the diuine Seruice of God , which no man should doe vpon paine of death : likewise he that shall rob the store of any commodities therein , of what quality soeuer , whether prouisions of victuals , or of Arms , Trucking stuffe , Apparrell , Linnen , or Wollen , Hose or Shooes , Hats or Caps , Instruments or Tooles of Steele , Iron , &c. or shall rob from his fellow souldier , or neighbour , any thing that is his , victuals , apparell , household stuffe , toole , or what necessary else soeuer , by water or land , out of boate , house , or knapsack , shall bee punished with death .

11 Hee that shall take an oath vntruly , or beare false witnesse in any cause , or against any man whatsoeuer , shall be punished with death .

12 No manner of person whatsoeuer , shall dare to detract , slaunder , calumniate , or vtter vnseemely , and vnfitting speeches , either against his Maiesties Honourable Councell for this Colony , resident in England , or against the Committies , Assistants vnto the said Councell , or against the zealous indeauors , & intentions of the whole body of Aduenturers for this pious and Christian Plantation , or against any publique booke , or bookes , which by their mature aduise , and graue wisedomes , shall be thought fit , to be set foorth and publisht , for the aduancement of the good of this Colony , and the felicity thereof , vpon paine for the first time so offending , to bee whipt three seuerall times , and vpon his knees to acknowledge his offence , and to aske forgiuenesse vpon the Saboth day in the assembly of the congregation , and for the second time so offending to be condemned to the Gally for three yeares , and for the third time so offending to be punished with death .

13 No manner of Person whatsoeuer , contrarie to the word of God ( which tyes euery particular and priuate man , for conscience sake to obedience , and duty of the Magistrate , and such as shall be placed in authoritie ouer them , shall detract , slaunder , calumniate , murmur , mutenie , resist , disobey , or neglect the commaundements , either of the Lord Gouernour , and Captaine Generall , the Lieutenant Generall , the Martiall , the Councell , or any authorised Captaine , Commaunder , or publike Officer , vpon paine for the first time so offending to be whipt three seuerall times , and vpon his knees to acknowledge his offence , with asking forgiuenesse vpon the Saboth day in the assembly of the congregation , and for the second time so offending to be condemned to the Gally for three yeares : and for the third time so offending to be punished with death .

14 No man shall giue any disgracefull words , or commit any act to the disgrace of any person in this Colonie , or any part therof , vpon paine of being tied head and feete together , vpon the guard euerie night for the space of one moneth , besides to bee publikely disgraced himselfe , and be made vncapable euer after to possesse any place , or execute any office in this imployment .

15 No man of what condition soeuer shall barter , trucke , or trade with the Indians , except he be therunto appointed by lawful authority , vpon paine of death .

16 No man shall rifle or dispoile , by force or violence , take away any thing from any Indian comming to trade , or otherwise , vpon paine of death .

17 No Cape Marchant , or Prouant Master , or Munition Master , or Truck Master , or keeper of any store , shall at any time imbezell , sell , or giue away any thing vnder his Charge to any Fauorite , of his , more then vnto any other , whome necessity shall require in that case to haue extraordinary allowance of Prouisions , nor shall they giue a false accompt vnto the Lord Gouernour , and Captaine Generall , vnto the Lieuetenant Generall , vnto the Marshall , or any deputed Gouernor , at any time hauing the commaund of the Colony , with intent to defraud the said Colony , vpon paine of death .

18 No man shall imbezel or take away the goods of any man that dyeth , or is imployed from the town or Fort where he dwelleth in any other occasioned remote seruice , for the time , vpon pain of whipping three seuerall times , and restitution of the said goods againe , and in danger of incurring the penalty of the tenth Article , if so it may come vnder the construction of theft . And if any man die and make a will , his goods shall bee accordingly disposed , if hee die intestate , his goods shall bee put into the store , and being valued by two sufficient praisers , his next of kinne ( according to the common Lawes of England , shall from the Company , Committies , or Aduenturers , receiue due satisfaction in monyes , according as they were praised , by which meanes the Colonie shall be the better furnished ; and the goods more carefully preserued , for the right heire , and the right heire receiue content for the same in England .

19 There shall no Capttain , Master , Marriner , saylor , or any else of what quality or condition soeuer , belonging to any Ship or Ships , at this time remaining , or which shall hereafter arriue within this our Riuer , bargaine , buy , truck , or trade with any one member in this Colony , man , woman , or child , for any toole or instrument of iron , steel or what else , whether appertaining to Smith Carpenter , Ioyner , Shipwright , or any manuall occupation , or handicraft man whatsoeuer , resident within our Colonie , nor shall they buy or bargaine , for any apparell , linnen , or wollen , housholdstuffe , bedde , bedding , sheete , towels , napkins , brasse , pewter , or such like , eyther for ready money , or prouisions , nor shall they exchange their prouisions , of what quality soeuer , whether Butter , Cheese , Bisket , meal , Oatmele , Aquauite , oyle , Bacon , any kind of Spice , or such like , for any such aforesaid instruments , or tooles , Apparell , or housholdstuffe , at any time , or so long as they shall here remain , from the date of these presents vpon paine of losse of their wages in England , confiscation and forfeiture of such their monies and prouisions , and vpon peril beside of such corporall punishment as shall be inflicted vpon them by verdict and censure of a martiall Court : Nor shall any officer , souldier , or Trades man , or any else of what sort soeuer , members of this Colony , dare to sell any such Toole , or instruments , necessary and vsefull , for the businesse of the Colonie , or trucke , sell , exchange , or giue away his apparell , or houshold stuffe of what sort soeuer , vnto any s●ch Sea-man , either for mony , or any such foresaid prouisions , vpon paine of 3 times seuerall whipping , for the one offender , and the other vpon perill of incurring censure , whether of disgrace , or addition of such punishment , as shall bee thought fit by a Court martiall .

20 Whereas sometimes heeretofore the couetous and wide affections of some greedy and ill disposed Seamen , Saylers , and Marriners , laying hold vpon the aduantage of the present necessity , vnder which the Colony sometimes suffered , haue sold vnto our people , prouisions of Meale , Oatmeale , Bisket , Butter , Cheese &c , at vnreasonable rates , and prises vnconscionable : for auoiding the like to bee now put in practise , there shall no Captain , Master , Marriner , or Saylor , or what Officer else belonging to any ship , or shippes , now within our riuer , or heereafter which shall arriue , shall dare to bargaine , exchange , barter , truck , trade , or sell , vpon paine of death , vnto any one Landman member of this present Colony , any prouisions of what kind soeuer , aboue the determined valuations , and prises , set downe and proclaimed , and sent therefore vnto each of your seuerall ships , to bee fixed vppon your Maine mast , to the intent that want of due notice , and ignorance in this case , bee no excuse , or plea , for any one offender herein .

21 Sithence we are not to bee a little carefull , and our young Cattell , & Breeders may be cherished , that by the preseruation , and increase of them , the Colony heere may receiue in due time assured and great benefite , and the aduenturers at home may be eased of so great a burthen , by sending vnto vs yeerely supplies of this kinde , which now heere for a while , carefully attended , may turne their supplies vnto vs into prouisions of other qualities , when of these wee shall be able to subsist our selues , and which wee may in short time , be powerful enough to doe , if we wil according to our owne knowledge of what is good for our selues , forbeare to work into our own wants , againe , by ouer hasty destroying , and deuouring the stocks , and authors of so profitable succeeding a Commodity , as increase of Cattel , Kine , Hogges , Goates , Poultrie &c. must of necessity bee granted , in euery common mans iudgement ; to render vnto vs : Now know yee therefore , these promises carefully considered , that it is our will and pleasure , that euery one , of what quality or condition soeuer hee bee , in this present Colony , to take due notice of this our Edict , whereby wee doe strictly charge and command , that no man shall dare to kill , or destroy any Bull , Cow , Calfe , Mare , Horse , Colt , Goate , Swine , Cocke , Henne , Chicken , Dogge . Turkie , or any tame Cattel , or Poultry , of what condition soeuer ; whether his owne , or appertaining to another man , without leaue from the Generall , vpon paine of death in the Principall , and in the accessary , burning in the Hand , and losse of his eares , and vnto the concealer of the same foure and twenty houres whipping , with addition of further punishment , as shall bee thought fitte by the censure , and verdict of a Martiall Court .

22 There shall no man or woman , Launderer or Launderesse , dare to wash any vncleane Linnen , driue bucks , or throw out the water or suds of fowle cloathes , in the open streete , within the Pallizadoes , or within forty foote of the same , nor rench , and make cleane , any kettle , pot , or pan , or such like vessell within twenty foote of the olde well , or new Pumpe : nor shall any one aforesaid , within lesse then a quarter of one mile from the Pallizadoes , dare to doe the necessities of nature , since by these vnmanly , slothfull , and loathsome immodesties , the whole Fort may bee choaked , and poisoned with ill aires , and so corrupt ( as in all reason cannot but much infect the same ) and this shall they take notice of , and auoide , vpon paine of whipping and further punishment , as shall be thought meete , by the censure of a martiall Court .

23 No man shall imbezell , lose , or willingly breake , or fraudulently make away , either Spade , Shouell , Hatchet , Axe , Mattocke , or other tools or instrument vppon paine of whipping .

24 Any man that hath any edge toole , either of his owne , or which hath heeretofore beene belonging to the store , see that he bring it instantly to the storehouse , where he shall receiue it againe by a particular note , both of the toole , and of his name taken , that such a toole vnto him appertaineth , at whose hands , vpon any necessary occasion , the said toole may be required , and this shall he do , vpon paine of seuere punishment .

25 Euery man shall haue an especiall and due care , to keepe his house sweete and cleane , as also so much of the streete , as lieth before his doore , and especially he shall so prouide , and set his bedstead whereon he lieth , that it may stand three foote at least from the ground , as he will answere the contrarie at a martiall Court .

26 Euery tradsman in their seuerall occupation , trade and function , shall duly and daily attend his worke vpon his said trade or occupation , vpon perill for his first fault , and negligence therein , to haue his entertainment checkt for one moneth , for his second fault three moneths , for his third one yeare , and if he continue still vnfaithfull and negligent therein , to be condemned to the Gally for three yeare .

27 All ouerseers of workemen , shall be carefull in seeing that performed , which is giuen them in charge , vpon paine of such punishment as shall be inflicted vpon him by a martiall Court .

28 No souldier or tradesman , but shall be readie , both in the morning , & in the afternoone , vpon the beating of the Drum , to goe out vnto his worke , nor shall hee returne home , or from his worke , before the Drum beate againe , and the officer appointed for that businesse , bring him of , vpon perill for the first fault to lie vpon the Guard head and heeles together all night , for the second time so faulting to be whipt , and for the third time so offending to be condemned to the Gallies for a yeare .

29 No man or woman , ( vpon paine of death ) shall runne away from the Colonie , to Powhathan , or any sauage Weroance else whatsoeuer .

30 He that shall conspire any thing against the person of the Lord Gouernour , and Captaine Generall , against the Lieutenant Generall , or against the Marshall , or against any publike seruice commaunded by them , for the dignitie , and aduancement of the good of the Colony , shall be punished with death : and he that shall haue knowlege of any such pretended act of disloyalty or treason , and shall not reueale the same vnto his Captaine , or vnto the Gouernour of that fort or towne wherein he is , within the space of one houre , shall for the concealing of the same after that time , be not onely held an accessary , but a like culpable as the principall traitor or conspirer , and for the same likewise he shall suffer death .

31 What man or woman soeuer , shal ro●bany garden , publike or priuate , being set to weed the same , or wilfully pluck vp therin any root , herbe , or flower , to spoile and wast or steale the same , or robbe any vineyard , or gather vp the grapes , or steale any cares of the corne growing , whether in the ground belonging to the same fort or towne where he dwelleth , or in any other , shall be punished with death .

32 Whosoeuer Seaman , or Landman of what qualitie , or in what place of commaund soeuer , shall be imployed vpon any discouery , trade , or fishing voiage into any of the riuers within the precincts of our Colonie , shall for the safety of those men who are committed to his commaund , stand vpon good and carefull guard , for the preuention of any treachery in the Indian , and if they touch vpon any shore , they shal be no lesse circumspect , and warie , with good and carefull guard day and night , putting forth good Centinell , and obseruing the orders and discipline of watch and ward , and when they haue finished the discouery , trade , or fishing , they shall make hast with all speed , with such Barke or Barkes , Pinisse , Gallie , Ship . &c. as they shall haue the commaund of , for the same purpose , to Iames towne againe , not presuming to goe beyond their commission , or to carry any such Barke or Barkes , Gally , Pinnice , Ship . &c. for England or any other countrey in the actuall possession of any Christian Prince , vpon perill to be held an enemie to this plantation , and traitor thereunto , and accordingly to lie liable vnto such censure of punishment ( if they arriue in England ) as shall be thought fit by the Right Honourable Lords , his Maiesties Councell for this Colonie , and if it shall so happen , that he or they shall be preuented , and brought backe hither againe into the Colonie , their trecherous flight to be punished with death .

33 There is not one man nor woman in this Colonie now present , or hereafter to arriue , but shall giue vp an account of his and their faith , and religion , and repaire vnto the Minister , that by his conference with them , hee may vnderstand , and gather , whether heretofore they haue beene sufficiently instructed , and catechised in the principles and grounds of Religion , whose weaknesse and ignorance herein , the Minister finding , and aduising them in all loue and charitie , to repaire often vnto him , to receiue therein a greater measure of knowledge , if they shal refuse so to repaire vnto him , and he the Minister giue notice thereof vnto the Gouernour , or that chiefe officer of that towne or fort , wherein he or she , the parties so offending shall remaine , the Gouernour shall cause the offender for his first time of refusall to be whipt , for the second time to be whipt twice , and to acknowledge his fault vpon the Saboth day , in the assembly of the congregation , and for the third time to be whipt euery day vntil he hath made the same acknowledgement , and asked forgiuenesse for the same , and shall repaire vnto the Minister , to be further instructed as aforesaid : and vpon the Saboth when the Minister shall catechise , and of him demaund any question concerning his faith and knowledge , he shall not refuse to make answere vpon the same perill .

34 What man or woman soeuer , Laundrer or Laundresse appointed to wash the foule linnen of any one labourer or souldier , or any one else as it is their du●ies so to doe , performing little , or no other seruice for their allowance out of the store , and daily prouisions , and supply of other necessaries , vnto the Colonie , and shall from the said labourer or souldier , or any one else , of what qualitie whatsoeuer , either take any thing for washing , or withhold or steale from him any such linnen committed to her charge to wash , or change the same willingly and wittingly , with purpose to giue him worse , old and torne linnen for his good , and proofe shall be made thereof , she shall be whipped for the same , and lie in prison till she make restitution of such linnen , withheld or changed .

35 No Captaine , Master , or Mariner , of what condition soeuer , shall depart or carry out of our riuer , any Ship , Barke , Barge , Gally , Pinnace &c. Roaders belonging to the Colonie , either now therein , or hither arriuing , without leaue and commission from the Generall or chiefe Commaunder of the Colonie vpon paine of death .

36 No man or woman whatsoeuer , members of this Colonie , shall sell or giue vnto any Captaine , Marriner , Master , or Sailer , &c. any commoditie of this countrey , of what quality soeuer , to be transported out of the Colonie , for his or their owne priuate vses , vpon paine of death .

37 If any souldier indebted , shall refuse to pay his debts vnto his creditor , his creditor shall informe his Captaine , if the Captaine cannot agree the same , the creditor shall informe the Marshals ciuill & principall officer , who shall preferre for the creditor a bill of complaint at the Marshals Court , where the creditor shal haue Iustice .

All such Bakers as are appointed to bake bread , or what else , either for the store to be giuen out in generall , or for any one in particular , shall not steale nor imbezell , loose , or defraud any man of his due and proper weight and measure , nor vse any dishonest and deceiptfull tricke to make the bread weigh heauier , or make it courser vpon purpose to keepe backe any part or measure of the flower or meale committed vnto him , nor aske , take , or detaine any one loafe more or lesse for his hire or paines for ●so baking , since whilest he who deliuered vnto him such meale or flower , being to attend the businesse of the Colonie , such baker or bakers are imposed vpon no other seruice or duties , but onely so to bake for such as do worke , and this shall hee take notice of , vpon paine for the first time offending herein of losing his eares , and for the second time to be condemned a yeare to the Gallies , and for the third time offending , to be condemned to the Gallies for three yeares .

All such cookes as are appointed to seeth , bake or dresse any manner of way , flesh , fish , or what else , of what kind soeuer , either for the generall company , or for any priuate man , shall not make lesse , or cut away any part or parcel of such flesh , fish , &c. Nor detaine or demaund any part or parcell , as allowance or hire for his so dressing the same , since as aforesaid of the baker , hee or they such Cooke or Cookes , exempted from other publike works abroad , are to attend such seething and dressing of such publike flesh , fish , or other prouisions of what kinde soeuer , as their seruice and duties expected from them by the Colony , and this shall they take notice of , vpon paine for the first time offending herein , of losing his eares , and for the second time to be condemned a yeare to the Gallies : and for the third time offending to be condemned to the Gallies for three yeares .

All fishermen , dressers of Sturgeon or such like appointed to fish , or to cure the said Sturgeon for the vse of the Colonie , shall giue a iust and true account of all such fish as they shall take by day or night , of what kinde soeuer , the same to bring vnto the Gouernour : As also of all such kegges of Sturgeon or Cauiare as they shall prepare and cure vpon perill for the first time offending heerein , of loosing his eares , and for the second time to be condemned a yeare to the Gallies , and for the third time offending , to be condemned to the Gallies for three yeares .

Euery Minister or Preacher shall euery Sabboth day before Catechising , read all these lawes and ordinances , publikely in the assembly of the congregation vpon paine of his entertainment checkt for that weeke .

The Summarie of the Marshall Lawes .

YEe are now further to vnderstand , that all these prohibited , and forefended trespasses & misdemenors , with the inioyned obseruance of all these thus repeated , Ciuill and Politique Lawes , prouided , and declared against what Crimes soeuer , whether against the diuine Maiesty of God , or our soueraigne , and Liege Lord , King Iames , the detestable crime of Sodomie , Incest , Blasphemie , Treason against the person of the principall Generals , and Commaunders of this Colonie , and their designs , against detracting , murmuring , calumniating , or slaundering of the Right Honourable the Councell resident in England , and the Committies there , the general Councell , and chiefe Commaunders heere , as also against intemperate raylings , and base vnmanly speeches , vttered in the disgrace one of another by the worser sort , by the most impudent , ignorant , and prophane , such as haue neither touch of humanitie , nor of conscience amongst our selues , against Adultery , Fornication , Rape , Murther , Theft , false witnessing in any cause , and other the rest of the Ciuill , and Politique Lawes and Orders , necessarily appertaining , & properly belonging to the Gouernment of the State and Condition of the present Colony , as it now subsisteth : I say ye are to know , that all these thus ioyned , with their due punishments , and perils heere declared , and published , are no lesse subiect to the Martiall law , then vnto the Ciuill Magistrate , and where the Alarum , Tumult , and practise of arms , are not exercised , and where these now following Lawes , appertaining only to Martiall discipline , are diligently to be obserued , and shall be seuerely executed .

1 No man shall willingly absent himselfe , when hee is summoned to take the oath of Supremacy , vpon paine of death .

2 Euery Souldier comming into this Colonie , shall willingly take his oath to serue the King and the Colonie , and to bee faithfull , and obedient to such Officers , and Commaunders , as shall be appointed ouer him , during the time of his aboad therein , according to the Tenor of the oath in that case prouided , vpon paine of being committed to the Gallies .

3 If any Souldier , or what maner of man else soeuer , of what quality or condition soeuer he be , shal tacitely compact , with any Sea-man , Captain Master , or Marriner , to conuay himselfe a Board any shippe , with intent to depart from , and abandon the Colony , without a lawful Passe from the Generall , or chiefe commander of the Colonie , at that time , and shall happen to bee preuented , and taken therwith , before the shippe shall depart out of our Bay , that Captaine , Maister or mariner , that shall so receiue him , shall lose his wages , and be condemned to the Gallies for three yeeres , and he the sworne seruant of the Colony , Souldier , or what else , shall bee put to death with the Armes which he carrieth .

4 When any select , and appointed Forces , for the execution and performance of any intended seruice , shall bee drawne into the field , and shall dislodge from one place vnto another , that Souldier that shall quit , or forsake his Colors , shall be punished with death .

5 That Souldier that shall march vpon any seruice , shall keepe his Ranke , and marching , the Drum beating , and the Ensigne displayed , shall not dare to absent himselfe , or stray and straggle from his ranke , without leaue granted from the cheefe Officer , vpon paine of death .

6 All Captaines shall command all Gentlemen , and Common Souldiers in their Companies , to obey their Sergeants , and Corporals in their offices , without resisting , or iniuring the said Officers , vpon paine , if the iniurie be by words , he the offender shal aske his Officer pardon in the place of Arms , in the mead of the troopes . If by Act , he the offender shall passe the pikes .

7 That Souldier that in quarrel with an other shall call vpon any of his companions , or Countrimen to assist , and abette him , shall bee put to death with such Armes as he carrieth .

8 Hee that shall begin a mutiny , shall bee put to death with such Armes as he carrieth .

9 Where a quarrell shall happen betweene two or more , no man shall betake him vnto any other Arms then his sword , except he be a Captaine or Officer , vpon paine of being put to death with such Armes as he shall so take .

10 If a Captaine or Officer of a Companie shall come where two or more are fighting with their drawne swords , so soone as hee shall cry Hold , and charge them to forbeare , those that haue their swords in their hands so drawne , shall not dare to strike or thrust once after vpon paine of passing the Pikes .

11 That Souldier that hauing a quarrell with an other , shall gather other of his acquaintance , and Associates , to make parties , to bandie , braue second , and assist him therin , he and those braues , seconds , and assistants shall passe the Pikes .

12 He that shall way-lay any man by aduantage taken , thereby cowardly to wound , or murther him shall passe the Pikes .

13 If any discontentment shall happen betweene Officers , or Souldiers , so as the one shall giue words of offence , vnto the other , to mooue quarrell , the Officer or Souldier shall giue notice thereof , to his Corporall , or superior officer , and the Corporall , or superior officer , shall commit the offender , and if it happen between Commanders , the officer offended shall giue notice to the Generall , or Marshal , that he may be committed , who for the first offence shall suffer three daies imprisonment , and make the officer wronged , satisfaction before his squadron to repaire him , and satisfie him , without base submission , which may vnworthy him to carry Armes . And the officer , or Souldier so offended , hauing satisfaction offered shall with all willingnes receiue it , for which both producing it to his Officer , and accepting of satisfaction , hee shall bee reputed an officer , or souldier well gouerned in himselfe , and so much the fitter to be aduanced in Commaund ouer others , and if any shall vpbraid him , for not hauing fought a sauage headlong reuenge against his fellow , the officer or souldier so vpbraiding , shall bee punished and make satisfaction as the first offender , and if any shal so offend the second time he shall suffer ten nights lying head and heeles together , with Irons vpon the guard , and haue his entertainement checkt for one month , and make satisfaction to the officer or souldier , as before remembred , and for the third offence , hee shall bee committed to the Gallies three yeeres . And if vpon the first offence giuen by any officer or souldier , vnto any other , in words as aforesaid ; and the other returne iniurious words againe , they shall both be taken as like offenders , and suffer like punishment , sauing that he who gaue the first offence shall offer first repaire vnto the offended , which he the offended shall accept , and then shal hee proceed to returne tho like satisfaction vnto the other , and if any shall bee obstinate in this point of repaire , and satisfaction , hee shall suffer sharpe and seuere punishment , vntill hee shall consent vnto it , the words or manner of satisfaction , to be giuen vnto the Party , or parties offended , shall be appointed by the chiefe officer of the Company , vnder whom the officer , or souldier shall happen to bee , with the knowledge of the prouost Marshall , prouided , that if the Officer or souldier shall desire it , hee may appeale vnto the chiefe officer of the Garrison , or vnto the Marshall , if hee shall be present to Iudge of the equity of the satisfaction . And if any Lancepr●zado , Corporall , or other officer , shall happen to bee present , or shall take knowledge of any such offence offered of one partie , or Quarrell sought and accepted of more parties , he shall presently cause the partie , or parties so offending to bee committed to prison , that due execution may follow , as is formerly prouided . And if any Lanceprizado , Corporall , or superior officer shall neglect his or their duty , or duties heerein appointed , by not bringing the offender , and their offences , to the knowledge of the superior office , that satisfaction as aforesaid , vpon the fault committed , may orderly follow , the officer so offending , shal for his first omission , negligence , and contempt , suffer ten daies Imprisonment , for the second twenty , and for the third losse of his place , and to bee put to the duty of a Centinell : And if any officer or Sould●er shall be present when two or more shall draw weapons , with intent to fight , or shall fight , they shall presently doe their best to part them , and if he be an officer he shall commit them , or put them vnder safe guard to bee committed , and if hee bee a priuate souldier , hee shal giue notice to the prouost , marshall , or vnto the first officer that he shal meet with , of the parties offending , who shall presently take order , that they may be apprehended , and committed to the Prouost Martialcy , and if any officer or souldier , shall happen to see any officer or souldier so fighting , and shall not doe his best to part them , without fauouring one part or other , hee shall bee punished at the discretion of the officer in chiefe , and the punishment shall extend to the taking away of life , if the cause shal so require , and if any officer , or souldier shall know of any purpose in any to fight , and shall not stay them , or discouer them to such officers , as are competent to stay them , but that they goe to fight , and doe accordingly fight , that officer , or souldier shall bee taken , and shall bee punished cleerely and in the same sort , as the offence deserueth punishment betweene them fighting .

14 That officer , or Souldier that shall challenge another to fight , and hee that shall carry any Challenge , knowing it to be a Challenge , and he that accepteth any such Challenge with a purpose and returne of answere , to meete the saide Challenger to fight with him , in this case they shall all three be held alike calpable , and lie subiect to the Censure of a Martiall Court .

15 That officer who shal command the guard and let such Challengers and Challenged , passe the ports , vpon his knowledge to fight , shall bee casseird , and if the officer be vnder the degree of a Captaine , hee shall bee put to doe the duty of a Centinell .

16 No officer shall strike any souldier , for any thing , not concerning the order , and duty of seruice , and the publique worke of the Colony , and if any officer shall so doe , hee shall bee punished as a priuate man in that case , and bee held vnworthy to command , so peruerting the power of his place and authority .

17 No man shall be Captaine of the watch at any time , vnder the degree of an Ensigne .

18 He that shall take the name of God in vain or shall play at Cards or dice , vpon the Court of guard , for the first time so offending , he shall bee committed to prison , there to lie in Irons for three daies , for the second time so offending , hee shall be whipt , and for the third time so offending hee shall bee condemned to the Gallies for one yeere .

19 Hee that shall absent himselfe from the Court of Guard , vppon his watch aboue one houre without leaue of his Corporall or superiour officer , shall for his first time so offending , at the relieuing of the watch bee committed to prison , and there to lye in Irons for 3. dayes , for the second time he shall be committed to prison and there lye in irons for one weeke , and haue his entertainement checkt for one weeke , and for the third time , hee shall be committed to the Gallies for sixe moneths .

He that shall swagger , and giue iniurious words vpon the court of guard , for the first offence , hee shall aske forgiuenesse vpon his knees , of the officers , and rest of the Guard , before the Captain of the watch at that time : for his second time so offending , he shall bee committed to the Gallies for one yeere .

21 He that draweth his sword vpon the Court of Guard , shall suffer death by the Armes which he weareth .

22 Hee that should draw his sword in a towne of Garrison , or in a Campe shall lose his right hand .

23 That Souldier that shall goe out of the Fort , Towne or Campe , other then by the ordinary guards , issues , waies , or ports , shall suffer death by the Armes which he carrieth .

24 He that shall abuse and iniurie the Serieant Maior , the prouost Marshall , either by word , or deede , if hee bee a Captaine , hee shall be casseird , if a Souldier he shall passe the pikes .

When the Officer or Souldier shall haue committed any Crime , or haue made breach of the publique Lawes , his Captaine shall commit him vnto the seriant M●ior , who hauing taken his examination , shall send him to the Prouost Marshall , committed vnto prison , that he may bee brought to be censured by a court Marshall .

26 No Souldier shall withstand or hinder the Prouost Marshall , or his men in the execution of his office , vpon paine of death .

27 All Captaines , Lieutenants , Serieants , and Corporals , shall be diligent at conueuient times , to traine and exercise their Companies , & shall haue a care of their Armes , as they tender their entertainment , and vpon paine of casseiring , and other corporall punishment , as shall be inflicted by vertue of a Marshall court .

28 No man shall goe twelue score from the quarter , his colours , towne or fort , without leaue of his Captaine , vpon paine for the first time of whipping , for the second offence to be committed to the Gallies for one yeare , and for the third offence to suffer death .

29 No man shall sell , giue , imbezell , or play away his Armes , or any part thereof , vpon paine of death .

30 No common Souldier shall sell , or make away any of his apparell , which is deliuered vnto him by the Colonie , or out of the store , vpon paine of whipping .

31 No man shall depart from his guard without leaue of his officer , vpon paine of punishment : and who so shall be set Centinell , shall not depart from it , vntill he be relieued , nor sleepe thereof vpon paine of death .

32 No man shall offer any violence , or contemptuously resist or disobey his Commaunder , or doe any act , or speake any words which may tend to the breeding of any disorder or mutinie in the towne or field , or disobey any principall Officers directions vpon paine of death .

33 He that shall not appeare vpon the guard , or not repaire vnto his colours , when the Drum vpon any occasion shall beate either vpon an Alarum , or to attend the buisinesse which shall be then commaunded , shall for his first offence lie in Irons vpon the court of guard all one night , and for his second be whipt , and for the third be condemned to the Gallies for one yeare .

34 That Souldier who fighting with an enenemie , shall lose his Armes , or runne away cowardly , or yeeld himselfe but vpon apparant and great constraints or without hauing performed first the part of a good souldier , and an hones● man , shall suffer death with the armes which h● carrieth .

35 That Souldier that shall let go any caution deliuered vpon a treatie , or any prisoner of warre by his negligence , shall be punished with death .

36 No Souldier shall let goe any prisoner of war , which he hath taken without consent of his Captaine , who shall aduertise the chiefe Commaunder , vpon paine of being committed to the Gallies for one yeare .

37 That Souldier which vpon an assault , or taking of any towne , that shall not follow his colours , and the victory , but shall fall to pillage for his priuate profit , after the place taken , shall suffer death with the armes which he weareth .

38 No Souldier may speake or haue any priuate conference with any of the saluages , without leaue of his Captaine , nor his Captaine without leaue of his chiefe Officer , vpon paine of death .

39 When the Marshall or Gouernour of a towne , shall demaund a Souldier that hath made breach of these lawes , that Captaine or any other that shall conceale him , or assist him to flie away , shall bee punished with the punishment which the fact of the said fugitiue deserued .

40 That Captaine that shall ipso facto , find any Souldier breaking these fore declared lawes and ordinances , of whatsoeuer company he shall be , he shall commit him to the Prouost Marshall to be punished according as the offence committed commeth vnder the construction of the Martiall law in that case prouided .

41 No Souldier shall vnprofitably waste his pouder , shot , or match , by shooting it idly away , or at birds , beasts , or sowle , but shall giue an account vnto his Corporall of the same , who shall certifie his Captain vpon peril for his first fault so committed , to be committed to prison , there to lie in Irons head & heeles togither eight & forty hours , for the second to be condemned sixe monethes to the Gallies , and for the third offence to be condemned two yeares to the Gallies .

42 All Captaines , Officers , and common Souldiers , or others of what condition soeuer , members of the Colonie , shall doe their endeauours to detect , apprehend , and bring to punishment all offenders , and shall assist the officer of that place for that purpose , as they will answere the contrary at our Marshall court .

43 All other faults , disorders , and offences that are not mentioned in these Lawes , Articles , and Orders shall be & are supplied in the instructions which I haue set downe , and now shall be deliuered vnto euery Captain , and other Officer , so farre forth as the infancie , and as yet weake condition of this our present Colony will suffer , and which shall be punished according to the generall custome , and therefore I commaund all men to looke to their charges , and him that hath no charge to looke to his owne carriage , and to keepe himselfe within the bounds of dutie , for the discipline sh●ll be strictly kept , and the offenders against the lawes therof seuerely punished .

44 Whosoeuer shall giue offence to the Indians in that nature , which truly examined , shall sound to haue beene cause of breach of their league , and friendship , which with so great trauaile , desire , and circumspection , we haue or shall at any time obtaine from them without commission so to doe , from him that hath authoritie for the same , shall be punished with death .

45 Whosoeuer shall wilfully , or negligently set fire on any Indian dwelling house , or Quioquisock house or temple , or vpon any storehouse , or garner of graine , or prouision of what quality soeuer , or disualedge , ransacke , or ill intreat the people of the countrey , where any warre , or where through any march shall be made except it be proclaimed , or without commandement of the chiefe officers shal be punished with death .

46 Whosoeuer shal not do his endeauour and best to regaine & recouer his colours , if by hap it fall into the Indians hands shall lie subiect to the censure of a Marshall court .

47 Whosoeuer shal faine himselfe sick , vpon the point of fight , or when any worke is to be done or slip away from the seruice of either , shall be punished by death .

48 Whosoeuer shall raise any question , brabble or braule in the watch , or Amboscado , or in Scout , or Sentinel in any other effect , or make any noise or rumor where silence , secrecie , and couert is to be required , shall be punished with death .

49 Whosoeuer shal not retreat when the drum or trumpet soundeth the same , whether it be vpon any sallies , made out of any town or fortres , or in skirmish , or in any incounter , shall be punished with death .

50 It now resteth , that all Captaines and supreme officers , whether gouernor in towne , fort or fortes , or Captaine of companies shall be aduised to do their indeuors ioyntly , and to agree in one accord , that the true and neuer failing Iustice , may be executed with all integrity of all these foredeclared lawes , according to the dignitie , power , and censure of the Martiall court , that by the exemplar liues , and honourable practises of all that is good & vertuous , all things may be gouerned in good order , as no doubt , our Right Honorable Lord Generall doth assure himselfe , that all good and vpright men that haue the feare of God , and his seruice , and their owne honour in regard , will demean themselues no lesse , then according to the dignity of their place , and charge of their command , the vnited powers of his Lordships knowledge , being so full of approued noblenesse , and the well knowne , and long time exercised grounds of Piety , as without question he cannot but desire rather a little number of good men , obedient & tractable , submitting to good order & discipline , then a great armie , composed of vitious prophane , quarrellous , disobedient , and ignoble persons , wherefore in his Lordships behalfe , I must intreat all Gouernors , Captains , Officers , and Soldiers , and neuerthelesse do inioyne , ordaine and command them to carry themselues in their seuerall duties and charges , according to the intention of his Lordship , declared by these present Ordinances .

51 Euery Captaine shall cause to be read all these lawes which concerne martiall discipline , euery weeke vpon his guard day , vnto his company vpon paine of censure of a Martiall court .

Instructions of the Marshall for better inhabling of the Colonell or Gouernour , to the executing of his or their charges in this present Colony the 22. of Iune . 1611.

ALbeit the zeale which I beare vnto this businesse that we haue all now in hand touching the subsistance of this plantation , might iustly take vp all my spirits , and would require a large and passionate explanation of mine owne thoughts and promptnesse to gaine & possesse the hearts of all vnderstanding , noble and religious spirits therunto , yet I must craue pardon ( considering at this time many present impediments ) if I wrap vp any impatient desires & good affection hereunto , to all such vnto whom these necessarie effects of my dutie and office shall appertaine , and must be declared in few words and aduises , appertinent yet ( if not essentiall , as heat to bloud , to the aduancement hereof ) my desire then by these is chiefly to let all the worthier & better sort to vnderstand , how well it shall become their Honors , birthes , breedings , reputations & fa●shes , to do their bests , and emulously to actuate in this worke , the vtmost of their cleerest powers of body and mind , where the trauaile of both is so deerely valued , & highly interpreted by al good and wise men , who knowing the grounds of all goodnes , cannot but know this , how this hazardous voyage ( as yet but in her earely daies , reflecting onely the comfort of faire hopes ) is vndertaken by you , more to honour God , your country , & to profit your knowledges , then for any other ends of profit , which speakes for you ( in despight of enuie and calumnie ) that you haue mindes much in loue with vertue , & are right noble & worthy instruments , to be imployed in so sacred and heroicke a cause , if it were well knowne heere the care that is had of this plantation in England , and the trauel that is taken therein , and the fire that doth not only burne in the generall body of our deare countrymen , to the encouragemet & ioy one of another amongst themselues , but flames out ( euen to the view of strange nations , as well our neighbours , as far remote ) for the furtherance & aduancement of this honorable enterprise , there is no man here would thinke that this my induction , had either fashion or purpose of a complement . If the wisest man that euer spake or writ ( except him that was both God & man ) summed vp all the reckonings of worldly felicities in these two words Laecari & benefacere , imploying a cheereful mirth with well doing ( from which it cannot be seuered ) who hath more cause to be cheerefull , and inlie glad then you that haue the comfort of so great weldoing , to which no other may be compared ? for what weldoing can be greater then to be stocks & authors of a people that shal serue and glorifie God , which is the end of all our Creation , & to redeeme them from ignorance and infidelity , to the true knowledge and worship of God , whereby you are made partakers of this promise , that they which lead others into Righteousnesse , shal shine like the starres in the sirmament , wherein be right well assured , that your happinesse is enuied by many a right knowing , and excellent vertuous man in England , who cannot happly by reason of other their imployments and callings , bee partakers of that Comfort heere , as they are by their Endeauors there at home . I shall not need to aduise any Colonel , or Gouernor here for the present how to carry himself , for each mans owne experience here hath made him out goal vse of my admonition , which my affection wold willingly else afford if there were cause . Only to discharge my seruice to god whose souldier I doe now professe my selfe imprest , in this so glorious and great a cause of his , my duty to my Soueraigne Liege Lord and King , & to his Highnesse my Royall Prince and Master , to my Country and the expectation of many Honorable select , painful , and Religious aduenturers , Patrones of this businesse , I haue conceiued no whit impertinent to deliuer and publish to euery imminent officer in this Colony heere present , and for the direction and guiding of such who may heereafter arriue heere such and so many few in structions as may the better inable them to execute their charges , no whit doubting , but euery Colonell , Gouernour Captaine , and other Officer may sufficiently vnderstand his and their duties , as they are Souldiers , but happily not yet as they are , or may be Coloni , members of a Colony , which compriseth and inuolueth here , as well all the industrious knowledges & practises of the husbandman & of his spade , as of the Souldier , and of his Sword , since as Monie is the paiment & wages of the one , so of the other are the fruits of the earth the tillage and manuring of the Land , and in very truth of more necessity & vse shall we heere be of the latter then of the other , whether of you be comprehended the souldier himselfe or his Salarie , since more easie it is to make a Husbandman a Souldier , then a Souldier a husbandman . And indeed the necessity of our subsisting , and the very daunger which our enemies of this Country can any way put vs vnto ( our Companies and people well commaunded ) requiring the choise rather of the one then the other . These beeing then the ends and intents of this work , and so vnderstood , by euery supreme and chiefe commander , I refer him to these following instructions .

All Gouernors of Town or Towns , Fort or Forts , shall be ready ( when so be it they shall be summoned thereunto ) to take their Oaths of Allegeance vnto his Maiesty & of faithfulnes vnto such his maiesties Lieftenant or to his Deputy or Deputies ( authorised by Commission to command ouer and within the prec●ncts of this whole Colony , or Colonies , by the Tenor of which Oathes they shall solemnly attest to perform all Integrity , vprightnesse , Iustice and sincere administration of the discipline and Lawes in all causes and cases , for the good of the Colony or Colonies , prouided and declared , and shal indeuor the best they may , with all carefulnesse to aduance the dignity , and subsistance of the same , as well by giuing often in charge , and taking no lesse into their owne care , both the particular preseruation of all such helpes of what condition soeuer ( especially of cattell , and al kinde of such breeders , which may ef●oones redound vnto the vtility and profit of the same , as by tendring the prouisions of the store , and t●e we●l husbanding of the same , be they of what seuerall qualitie soeuer Nor is he meanely to be watchfull , and iealous ouer his own waies and carriage in all particulars , making profession , and practise of all vertue and g●odnes for example vnto others to imitate , it being true that examples at all times preuaile farre aboue precepts , men beeing readier to bee led by their eies , then their eare , for seeing a liuely pattern of industry , order and comlinesse , wee are all of vs rather swayed vnto the same by a visible obiect , then by hearing much more in wel i●struct●d Arguments .

Euery such Gouernor therefore shall make it his firit duty to resort dayly and vsu●lly to the diuine Seruice , next to put in execution the Lawes duly against offenders and with all cherish and reward the well deseruing , and lastly with all worthines & circumspection on , abeare himselfe vnto and towards his Garrison , intreating all men as well strangers as others , with al Grace , humanity , and sweetnes of a noble nature , & manlinesse , vnto all which I hartily aduise , and withall inioyne euery such Gouernor of Town or Towns , to be most indulgent , and carefull to performe , as hee will answer the contrary ( beside with the losse of his own Honor , with such other penalties , as the neglect of so behoofefull and necessary businesse in him , may draw vpon the Colony .

Further he ought to be most vigilant , circumspect , and prouident for the conseruation , defending , & keeping the Town or Fort , for & vnto his Maiesty , wherin he is placed cheefe commander , & therfore ought the more duely to strengthen his Iudgement , and remember his reputation , that he fall into neither of those extreames , which the needy and prodigall are most what culpable of , the one wasting the stocks , commodities and prouisions of the store , by which he must subsist , and the other by being rauenous and corrupt in himselfe become likewise enforced to tollerate the same in his inferior captaines , and so leaue the poore Souldier and Labourer , miserably pilled , oppressed and starued .

Further hee ought to prouide that the companies be trained , and that they may bee made ready for the publique seruice , and for that the condition of this country doth require rather shot then other Armes , either for offence or defence , and time being pretious with vs in respect of our dayly labours and works abroad belonging to our subsisting , in so much , as a small portion thereof may bee affoorded and allowed vnto such exercising and training , therefore it is appointed by the Marshall , that the Captains that shall haue the Guard , during their time of Guard ( their people as then being exempted from their dayly labour and work abroad ) and their Officers shall teach euery Souldier to handle his peece ; first to present it comely , and souldier like , and then to giue fire , by false firing , and so to fall his Piece to the right side with the nose vp , & when their souldiers are hardy and expert in this , they shall set vp a conuenient mark fast by the court of Guard , at which euery Souldier shall twice discharge his peece , at the releeuing of the watch , morning and euening , and he that shall shoot neerest the Gouernor shall do wel to allow some addition of victuals , or pay , or some prize of incouragement , that euery one may therby emulously contend to do best : Concerning the training , and cleanely exercising of their Armes , & their postures , the captains shall haue order and directions for the same vnder the Marshals hand which they shall put in Execution during the time of their Guard .

41 It is also required that the Gouernor neuer lie out of his Towne or Fort whereby hee may the better keepe good espiall vpon all officers , that they perform their seueral duties each one in his place especially in good obseruation of the watch & Guard , for the more confident securing the charge committed to him :

Hee shall not suffer in his Garrison any Souldier to enter into Guard , or to bee drawne out into the field without being armed according to the Marshals order , which is , that euery shot shall either be furnished with a quilted coate of Canuas , a headpeece , and a sword , or else with a light Armor , and Bases quilted , with which hee shall be furnished : and euery Targiteer with his Bases to the small of his legge , and his headpeece , sword and pistoll , or Scuppet prouided for that end . And likewisee euery Officer armed as before , with a firelocke , or Snaphaunse , head-peece , and a Target , onely the Serieant in Garrison shall vse his Halbert , and in field his Snaphaunse and Target .

The Gouernour shall haue a Principall care , that he vse his Garrison to the dayly wearing of these Armors , least in the field , the souldier do finde them the more vncouth strange and troublesome .

Lastly the Gouernor shall haue a singular care to put in execution all such Orders and Instructions as shall bee deliuered vnto him from the Generall , or his deputie or deputies , concerning the imployments of his Garrison vpon such manuall works and duties , as shall be thought necessary and conuenient for the better subsisting both of the Laborer , and Garrison committed vnto him ▪ In which is not to bee forgotten the chary conseruation of powder , and munition , which will the better inhable him for the defence of his Charge .

The Gouernor shall be better instructed by taking notice of the Lawes published , that these following abuses are prouided for , impious and malicious speaking against the holy and blessed Trinity , Blasphemy , and taking Gods holy name in vain , traiterous words against his maiesties person , or Royall Authority , vnreuerent Demeanor towards the Ministers and preachers of the same , the detestable crime of Sodomie , incest , theft , murther , false witnessing , treason against the Person of the Generall , and principall Commaunders of this Colony , and their designes , against Detracting , Murmuring or slaundering of the Right Honorable , the Councell resident in England , and the Committies there , the generall Councel and Subalternate Commanders , heere , as also against intemperate raylings & base vnmanly speeches vttered in the disgrace one of another , all which the Marshall Law , as well as the Ciuil Magistrate is to punish , but these which concerne in particular the military Discipline , to inable your iudgement for your sentence to be required , that it may with greater cleerenes , and vnderstanding , called to censure offences in the Marshal court be deliuered , I haue abstracted , as followeth

1 Conference with the enemy , without leaue or warrant , from the Lord Generall , Lieute●ant Generall , Marshall , or chief & principal command for the present .

2 The designes , enterprises , and estate of the Colony , reuealed to what enemy soeuer , by priuy messengers , or missiues , or otherwise in what sort soeuer .

3 The not present aduertising , & giuing notice vnto a che●fe Commaunder , of such things as any man knoweth intended any way , or by any body , for the domage , mischiefe or ill of the Colony , or the concealement in any one of any matter of importance , and moment for the good of the Colony .

4 Running vnto the enemy , or intending , and plotting to runne albeit preuented .

5 Of any one taken prisoner by the enemy , hauing meanes to escape , & not returning to the Colony againe , vnlesse hee haue giuen faith .

6 Of attempting commotion , giuing occasion of sedition , or Muteny in the Colony , or seducing any labourer or souldier from their duty , diuine , ciuill , or martiall , or from their appointed works and labours .

7 Of disclosing or giuing the word vnto the enemy , or vnto any other , where it 〈…〉 be giuen .

8 Of receiuing , or protecting 〈…〉 , ●●●●nger , or suspected spie , or supposed enemy , into 〈◊〉 , or any couert , without making it knowne to the General , or chiefe officer , and without leaue from him so to do .

9 Suspitious and priuily entring into the Campe Town , or Fort , or going out by any other waies and issues , then those which are accustomed , as ouer the Ramparts , Pall●zadoes , Trenches , &c.

10 Of doing any act , or contriuing any practise , which may preiudice the seruice of his Maiesty commanded for the good of the Colony , by the Generall , or chiefe Officer .

11 Of breaking the Truce , or peace at any time concluded with the Indian , without leaue & warrant expresly giuen , by h●m who hath power so to doe .

12 Of pillaging , or violently forcing from any Indian to friend , without leaue .

13 Of ransacking , ransoming , or violently outraging , and dispoiling the Country people , or making war vpon them , be it in body or goods , vnles they be declared enemies , & warrant giuen to make prise of .

14 Of laying violent hands on his Captaine or other superiour officer , and generally vppon any one whatsoeuer , to whom duty & obedience is due , especially if it be in the executing of his Office .

15 Of him who shall see his superior , or chiefe officer in danger , and shall not doe his indeauour to rescue and relieue him with all his force , and power .

16 Of him who shall violently or hardly intreate , or kill his souldier , without good , & lawfull occasion , or that he haue deserued so to be intreated , not to satisfie his owne pleasure and appetite , to punish in colour , and reuenge , thereby thinking to make himselfe more redoubted , a braue man , & to be feared , remembring well , the life of a souldier , or a laborer , belongs to none to take away , but to the Lord Generall , Lieftenant General , Marshal , or their deputy or deputies .

17 Of killing any one , except it be in his own defence .

18 Of striking or fighting with an other man , hauing a quarrell vnto him , and not holding his or their hands when an officer or third party comes between and cries , Holah .

19 Of making debate , raising question , or laying his hand on his sword , and drawing it in the Court of Guard , in Ambush or other place , where he ought to be modest , peaceable , silent , & to keep himself in couert .

20 Of assaying or indeuouring by brauery , & chiefly by trechery , to outrage or iniury any one without a cause , in deed or in words , priuately behind his backe like a slie coward , or openly to his face , like an arrogant russian , since words are the parents of blowes , & from quarrels infinite disorders , and mischiefes gather head whether in Campe , Towne , or Fort.

21 Of reuenging a new wrong , or old iniury , by any course , contrary to the peace of the camp or Colony .

22 Of running where any quarrell is a foote , and companies gathered together , furnished with other Armes then his sword .

23 Of taking away any mony in brauery , wonne from another , or gotten by play otherwise without the will and consent of him , from whom he wonne it , or cheating or cosenage in play .

24 Of not repairing to the place of Armes , or Colors at the publique beating of the Drum .

25 Of wilfully firing any place , without order from the superior officer .

26 Of sacriledge or taking any goods out of Churches , or Temples , be they sacred or prophane , without licence from the chiefe commander .

27 Of a souldier enrowling himselfe in two companies at one time .

28 Of going out of one company into another , without leaue of his Captaine .

29 Of absenting himselfe from the Campe , towne , or fort , without permission of a superiour officer .

30 Of him that shall receiue his pay , and shall go away without speaking a word , it is a case capital , and worthy of death .

31 Of suborning souldiers the one from the other , which is an euill example , and which doth draw many inconueniences with it .

32 Of quarrels , debates , and reuenge .

33 Of failing to go , or refusing to follow , where his ensigne shall march , or else where that he shall be commaunded by those who haue authoritie so to commaund without enquiring the cause .

34 Of abandoning his ensigne without leaue or going from the place assigned him , be it in fight , in the court of guard , Centinels , or other part , not brought of by those who placed him there , or others hauing the same authority .

35 Of a Souldier not doing his endeuour to recouer his ensigne , if the enemie haue taken it .

36 Of being wanting at his watch , vpon his time appointed , or of going of the Guard without leaue , albeit vnder a colour of espie .

37 Of being found sleeping in Centinell , or of him who placed vpon some Guard or watch by his negligence hath giuen meanes to the enemie , to doe some spoile in the campe , towne , or fort , and to surprise them at vnawares .

38 Of running away from the battell , conflict , or assault , &c. and of him that marcheth too slowly , or maketh delaies in any other sort .

39 Of a Souldier faining himselfe sicke , when any seruice is to be performed .

40 Of yeelding vnto the enemy , a place which he hath in gard , without doing first his duty to the vttermost , & be not constraind vnto it , according to the quality of the same , & the state wherunto he shal be drawn .

41 Of being appointed to defend a breach , trench , or passage , committed vnto his charge , & do forsake it altogether , without being forced therunto by the enemy .

42 Of entring into any place taken by force , & pillaging the fame , not following his colors , or forsaking the fame , without a publike proclamation , made by the chiefe commander , that it shal be lawful so to pillage .

43 Of a soldier being found vnfurnished of his arms , and of such furniture , as he is appointed to weare and ought to haue , by losing them in play , or in cowardly runing away , or otherwise by his default or negligence .

44 Of a souldiers going from his quarter , town , or fort , without he haue leaue f●om a superior officer .

45 Of a souldier aduancing himselfe , to go before the troopes , be it to come first to his lodging , or for any other occasion , or wandring heere and there , and stragling when he should march .

46 Of not retiring so soone as the drum or trumpet shall sound retreat , whether it be comming out of any towne , or skirmish or any other fight .

47 Of speaking loud , or making a noise in the battel or any other place , where silence is to be vsed , except those who haue power to command .

Instructions of the Marshall for the better inhabling of the Captaine of the watch , to the executing of his charge in this present Colony . the 22. of Iune . 1611.

SIthence , as in euery liuing creature , there be many and sundry members , & those distinct in place and office , and all yet vnder the regiment of the soule , and heart , so in euery army , commonwealth , or Colonie ( all bodies a like compounded ) it cannot be otherwise for the establishment of the same in perfect order and vertue , but that there should be many differing parts , which directed by the chiefe , should helpe to gouerne and administer Iustice vnder him . And if it be thus in this ciuil Audit , & courts of a well setled State , much more sure as it required , to be in their beginnings , and no lesse shall we read , how that first & great commander ouer the Colony of the children of Israel , conducting them from Aegypt to make their plantation in the land of Promise , appointed Captains ouer Tribes and hundreds for the wars , and Elders to sit vpon the bench ( whilest vnto himselfe all great causes were brought , whether martial , or ciuil to direct and determine it otherwise being impossible , so many and infinite occasions both being to be thought vpon , and requiring iudiciall audience , should euer come by one man ( of how indefatig●ble a spirit soeuer ) to be decided or determined . Out of this example commended vnto vs by the holy writ , it may wel be , that many Officers are still continued in all vnited societies , religious and wel gouerned : hauing then thus religion , beside prescription and reason , ( which mine owne breeding hath taught me how to make the best vse of , to be my guids in this new settlement , and in this strange and heathenous ( contending with all the strength and powers of my mind and body , I confesse to make it like our natiue country , I am not a little careful to adhere & take vnto mine owne endeuours , as many furtherances , as may helpe to work out with me the ends of this great imployment , which hath now possessed and furnished all states of Christendom with discourse and expectation what may be the issue therof , & to what perfection so great , & frequent leuies of monies , & annuall transportations for these foure yeares of men , and prouisions , may bring this English plantation vnto : And as I haue constituted subalterne officers according both to the ancient & moderne order of the wars , and well approued the gouernment & magistracy , resembling and maintaining the lawes of England , so I haue taken paines to present so many & such instructions to such speciall officers ( whom our necessity teacheth to establish amongst vs ) as may most neerest concerne them for the present , ( leauing out yet I confesse many appertinent ones , which the time & our earely daies here of settlement may not yet admit of . Let me aduise therfore euery officer now established , to hold it a seruice of duty faithfully to execute such orders and instructions , as I haue made it my mindes labour to expresse and draw out for him : and amongst the rest ( our no little safety consisting in our watch & guard as wel by day as night , we being set down in a stranger land , sauage , and trecherous , and therfore many sodaine and barbarous accidents to be feared , I haue as followeth extracted the duty of the captaine of the wrath an office not meanly appertaining and necessary vnto this Colony , and whose ignorance , and supine negligence may much indanger the safetie thereof .

That Captaine who is Captaine of the watch , must haue a speciall care of the safeguard and preseruation of the Towne or Fort committed to his charge , and of the liues and goods of the soldiers , and Inhabitants , that through his defect , negligence , or Ignorance in his charge , he giues not oportunity to the enemie to execute any of his deseignes , for the indamaging of the place or the Inhabitants : Now for the more faithfull executing of his charge , he shall doe well to take notice , that being the chiefe commander of the watch , he he is to answere for all Disorders , Misrules , Riots , Tumults and what vnquietnesse soeuer , shall happen in the Towne or Fort , and that if any of these shall fall out to be , he is to commit the parties so offending , to the Prouost Marshall , making the Gouernour there-with acquainted , that the offender may receiue such punishment , as his fault shall deserue , of what quallity soeuer he be .

At the setting of the watch , he is to repayre to the place of Arms , with his Gorget about his neck , if his company haue not the Guard , there to be present with the Sargeant Maior , at the drawing of the Billets for the Guards , that he may the better know the strength of his watch , and how the companies are disposed vpon their Guards .

He is to remaine from the setting of the watch vpon the main court of Guard , or Guard appointed for him & his Rounders that if any occasion present it selfe wherin his endeauour is to be vsed , hee may be the readier found to receiue the cheife Officers direction , or to reforme any abuses that shall come to his knowledge , by the misdemeanors of any to bee found in the campe , towne or fort .

The Ports being shut , and the word deliuered out from the Gouernor , he is to see that al his Gentlemen , appointed for his assistants , doe come vpon their guard , where he is so to order it that by drawing of Billets according to their lots , they may execute their rounds , whither first , second , third . &c. and after the Corporalls haue set out their centinells , hee is to passe from his court of guard , with three or foure of his assistants , and so to make the round about the campe , towne , or fort , from guard to guard , receiuing from euery Corporal the word of guet , that their be no error , or abuse , by variety of word : after which he is to goe into the court of guard , to see that such officers , rounders , and soldiers , apoynted for that guard , bee there present vpon their guard , then hee shall search the peices whither they be charged with Bullet , and that the soldiers bee furnished with poulder and match for the better defence of the guard , committed to his charge , so commanding and inioyning euery officer , and soldier to execute his duty , for ther better security of the campe , towne , or fort : hee shall depart to the next guard there to doe the like , and so from guard to guard , vntill hee hath visited all the guards and centinells of his watch , giuing in charge to the officers of each guard to send forth their rounders , according to their order and directions .

Further hee shall command all disordred people ( vntimely sitting vp late in vsuall assemblies , whither in priuat meetings , publike tap-houses or such like places ) vnto their rests , for which he shall cause all fire and candles to bee put out and raked vp in the towne , and such night walkers , or vnruly persons whome hee shall meete in the streets , he shall either send to their lodgings , or to the Prouost Marshall , according as their misdemeanou● shall require .

Hee being returned to his owne court of guard shall see his rounders set forth euery one according to his order of Billet , from houre to houre , and he shall informe him-selfe from these rounders which walke their rounds , two howers before day breake , whither the Captaines and their guards , and their companies bee in armes according to their duties : if they bee not hee shall walke around towards the morning vnto those Guards , and cause them to be put in armes , and shall informe the gouernour of those Officers neglects , that they may receiue punishment : after this at the discharge of the watch , hee is with his guard to attend the Serjeant Major for the safe opening of the Ports .

At the opening of the Ports , hee shall cause the people to stay that are to goe out of the Towne , a pretty distance from his guard , that they may giue no incombrance to his guard , vntill such time , as he hath sent out certaine Serjeants to discouer forth right , and vpon each side , as farre as the limmits of that fort are prescribed : At the returne of the Serjeant , hee shall cause those of the Towne to goe out leisurely and without thronging or confusion , and those without to come in , in like manner , warning the Gards to stand in armes one houre after .

From thence hee shall returne to the maine Guard or place of armes to assist the Serieant Maior for the disposing of such men as are appoynted vnto ●●eir seuerall busines and workes of the Colony for the whole day following : and likewise to see that those Captaines , who haue the Guard , do put in execution the commandements of the Marshall for the trayning and disciplining of their men for the better inabling them to the seruice of the Colony .

After which he shall do well to present himselfe before the Gouernour , or chiefe Officer , to vnderstand his further commaunds .

It shall bee his duty the time beeing come , when the general morning worke is to be left off , to cause the Drum to beate , and with his Guard of Rounders to assist the Captaines or Capt. to bring the laborers into the Church to heare diuine seruice , which beeing ended hee is to returne to the maine Court of Guard , there to be present for the ordering of all matters whatsoeuer to happen , during his time of being Captaine of the watch , and when it shall so fall out that the Indians do at any time come in way of trade or visitation vnto the Camp , towne or fort , he shal leaue order with the Guards that the suffer not them to enter before such time as they haue made him acquainted first of their beeing there , who shall informe the Gouernor to know his pleasure , which beeing vnderstood hee shal so accomplish , at al times , appointing Guards vppon such Indians , that they do not steale any of out ●ooles , Axes , Howes , Swords , Peeces or what thing else ; and that none of our people talke publikely or priuately with them , or that they truck or trade with them , or doe any other vnorderly Act , without leaue granted for the same from the Gouernour , or chiefe Officer , the omission of which duty , will bee required at his hands .

Hee must likewise take notice of all such breaches of the publique Lawes and Articles , as shall bee committed in the time of his Guard , and accordingly command such persons to the Prouost Marshall , as shall bee found trespassers and breakers of the said Lawes and Articles .

At the time or houres appoynted for the afternoone worke of the Colony , euery labourer to his worke , and euery craftsman to his occupation , Smiths , Ioyners , Carpenters , Brick makers & . He shall cause the drumme to beate againe , to draw and call forth the people vnto their labour , when againe the worke on all hands towards night being to bee left off , hee is to cause the drumme likewise then to beate , and as before assist the Capt: with the whole company to bring them to euening prayer .

If it shall so bee that hee bee Capt. of the watch vpon Sonday , it shall be his duety to see that the Saboath be no waies prophaned , by any disorders , gaming , drunkennes , intemperate meeting , or such like , in publike or priuate , in the streetes or within the houses .

It shall be his duty halfe an houre before the diuine seruice , morning & euening , to shut the Ports and place Centinels , and the Bell hauing tolled the last time , he shal search all the houses of the towne , to command euery one , of what quality soeuer ( the sick and hurt excepted ) to repaire to Church , after which he shall accompany all the guards with their armes , ( himselfe being last ) into the Church , and lay the keyes before the Gouernor .

If at any time any alarme be taken , he is to strengthen himselfe from the maine court of gard , taking a competent proportion of that guard , for the securing of his person , and so to repaire to the place where the alarme was giuen , to enforme himselfe by what means the alarum came , causing his rounders to command all guards to be in armes for the readier execution and resistance of any perill , and conseruation of their charge , and if he find the alarum to be truly giuen , and that the enemy approch the Fort , towne , or campe , he is to send to aduertise the Gouernor or chiefe officers to know his directions for the assembling of guards , and ordering and drawing a force , for the better preuention of the enemies designes .

Lastly , when the guard is set , and another Captaine hath the watch , hee shall present himselfe before the Gouernor or chiefe Commander , to giue account vnto him of all such accidents , trespasses and neglects , as haue beene committed during the time of his watch .

Thus to conclude , though his office amongst many others be a chief and principall office , and there be many weighty and frequent duties required in this great duty of the Captaine of the watch , yet these are the most essentiall and necessariest which I can yet aduise , the neerest to concerne vs .

Instructions of the Marshall , for the better inabling of a Captaine , to the executing of his charge in this present Colonie . Iune the 22. 1611.

THat Captaine that will honestly and religiously discharge himselfe , and the duty entrusted to him , shall doe well to conceiue of himselfe , as the maister of a family , who is at all times so to gouerne himselfe , as knowing assuredly that all the crimes and trespasses of his people vnder him shall bee exacted at his hands , not onely by his superior officer and Iudge here , but by the great Iudge of Iudges , who leaues not vnpunished the sinnes of the people , vpon the Magistrates , in whose hands the power and sword of Iustice and authority is committed , to restraine them from all delinquences , misdeeds and trespasses . And moreouer since the Captaine is to know , that not onely the command of their ciuill duties is at his directions , for which he is to answer , but likewise al their actions and practises which shal breake forth in them , contrary to the diuine prescriptions of Piety and Religion : their periuries , blasphemies , prophanenesse , ryots , and what disorders soeuer , and generally all their breaches of both the sacred Tables , diuine , and morrall , to GOD and man , and in this place most especially , where the worke assumed , hath no other ends but such as may punctually aduance the glory , and propagation of the heauenly goodnesse , for which so many religious lawes and ordinances are established , and declared , all tending to the subsisting of a Colony , the first seed-plot and settlement of such a new temporary kingdom and state , as may reduce , and bring poore misbeleeuing miscreants , to the knowledge of the eternall kingdom of God ( therefore by him first shut vp in misbeliefe , that in his due time , when it should so please him , hee might againe on them shew mercy ) It is carefully therefore by each Captaine to be considered , how pretious the life of a poore souldier is , but how much more pretious his soule , and that he make conscience how he expose the first to apparant ruine and mischiefe , or suffer the other to run on into headlong destruction : for the first let his wisedom , knowledge , and circumspection be euer awake , and ready how to imploy , and when and with what assurances , regards and cautions , either left to his owne power , or prescribed him by vertue of these from the Marshall , and for the other , let him first be mindfull to giue witnesses in his owne life , how carefull hee is to please God , who must blesse all that he vndertakes , and walke himselfe in a noble example of Iustice and truth ; which doth not onely enforce a reputation and respect from other men , but an imitation and following of the like by other men : And vnto this may the diuerse and frequent changes and strictnesse of the place where we are , and the hardnesse of the many with whom he shal haue to do , with other chances & difficulties be motiues sufficient to perswade him , in which yet let him remember this , that it is in vaine in such place as heere , to pretend onely to bee vertuous and religious , except a man bee vertuous and religious indeed , and that vertue extend it selfe to example . But since I assure my selfe that of this aduice no Capt. voluntarily imploying himselfe in such a busines as this is , and onely for the businesse sake , hath any need , I commend him to the following instructions .

Euery Captaine shall ( if conueniently hee may ) present himselfe before his Colonel or Gouernor , once a day , to vnderstand his commands , the which hee must bee carefull , neither to exceed at any time , nor bee defectiue in their full accomplishment , albeit he shall haue a shew and presentment at any time of a better aduantage , since concerning his imployment hee may bee ignorant of the chiefe commaunders ends .

Hee shall doe well to haue a speciall eye and regard ouer his company , that they as well br●ake not the publique Lawes , and Orders prescribed them , but also performe all dueties and seruices vnto which they shall bee for the present commaunded , the which that he may with the better aptnesse and conueniency draw them vnto , it shal be his duty to haue knowledg , and take notice of euery one of his vnder Officers , offices and duties ; that he may the readier reforme faults committed , eyther by negligence , or ignorance , and at the time of watch he shall send his Serieant to the Serieant maior for the word , and if he haue the watch himselfe , hee shall after the word giuen out , call vpon his court of guard , all his company ( vnlesse his Centinels ) and assembled together , humbly present themselues on their knees , and by faithfull and ze●lous prayer vnto almighty God commend themselues and their indeauours to his mercifull protection .

After prayer , either the Captaine himselfe , or some one of his vnder officers , shall accompany the Centinell to the place of Guet , after which he shall search all the pieces vpon the court of guard , that they be charged with bullet against the Captaine of the watch or Serjeant Major shall come to visit them , and also that they be furnished with Poulder and Match , for the discharge of their duties , during the time of their watch and ward : and it is his duty , after that the Serjeant Major or Captaine of the watch haue made their round some time after midnight to walke his round , to see that his Centinels do hold good watch in their guet , & that all things bee quiet and peaceable , and no disorders in the towne , and that if alarum be giuen , he giue order to his Centinels to take it with al secrecy , without any tumult or noise made , for the ●●act performance whereof , he must haue especiall care that he weaken not his guard , by giuing leaue vnto any of them to be absent from the guard , but vpon iust and lawfull cause , & reason to be alledged : likewise he is to appoint certaine gentlemen for rounders in his company , the which are to make their said rounds from houre to houre , according to the directions of the Captaine of the watch .

Further , about two houres before day , the Captaine shall put on his armes , and cause all his company to arme themselues , and so to stand in armes vntill one houre after the discharge of the watch in the morning , which time expired , he shall returne with his company vnto the court of guard , and there , with publike praier , giue vnto almighty God humble thankes and praises , for his mercifull and safe protection that night , and commend himselfe and his , to his no lesse mercifull protection and safegard for the day following .

And because that , during the watch , that time is appointed for the exercising of his men , and fashioning them to their armes , he shall set vp a conuenient marke by his court of guard , where hee shall teach his men the exercise of their armes , both for the comely and needfull vse therof , as the offensiue practise against their enemies , at which marke his men shall discharge their pieces twice , both morn●ng and euening , at the discharge of the watch , hauing procured from the Gouernor some prize of incouragement due vnto him that shall shoot neerest , then he shall file and ranke , & exercise his men in such military actions , according vnto such forme and exercise , as he shall receiue from the Marshall , not forgetting by the way , that all the Courts of guard , and all the members of the watch and ward , are vnder the command of the Capt. of the watch .

Further , the Captaine is to make it his especial duty to haue religious and manly care ouer the poore sick soldiers or labourers vnder his command , for which cause he shall visite such as are sick , and prouide so that they bee attended , their lodgings kept sweet , and their beds standing the same heigth from the ground which is prouided for in the publique Iniunctions , as likewise hee shall call for such things for them out of the store , or from the Phisitions or Surgeons chest , as the necessitie of their sicknesse shall require .

Further he is to know , because we are not onely to exercise the duty of a Souldier , but of the husbandman , and that in time of the vacancie of our watch and ward wee are not to liue idely , therefore the Captaine sending his Serieant to the Serieant Maior for the word , shall likewise giue in charge vnto his Serjeant to make demand of the Serieant Major , what seruice , worke , and businesse he hath in charge , from the Gouernor , to command him and his men to goe vppon him the next morning , after notice whereof , he shall so prouide , that he and his men be ready at the relieuing of the morning watch , the Drum summoning him there-vnto to effect the same , for which he shall bring ●is men vnto the place of Armes , by the maine Court of guard , where the Serjeant Major , or the Captaine of the watch , shall conduct them to the place of the subsisting businesse , prouiding them such labouring and needfull Instruments or tooles , as the worke for the present shall require , in which worke the Captaine himselfe shall do exceeding worthily to take paines and labour , that his Souldiers seeing his industry and carefulnesse , may with more cheerfulnesse loue him , and bee incouraged to the performance of the like in that businesse wherevpon they are imploied , contrariwise himselfe taking his case , and inioyning them to toile and worke , may breed both a wearinesse of the businesse in the imployed , and giue a way vnto much hatred , and contempt vnto himselfe .

Now concerning the tooles and instruments , and the furnishing his soldiers therewith , the Captaine shall send his Serieant to the store to make demand thereof , and leauing a note vnder his hand for the receipt of the same , thereby charging him-selfe to the redeliuerie of them againe at the finishing of the worke . The companies thus furnished , and being assembled in the place of armes , the Serieant Maior or Captaine of the watch , vpon their knees shall make their publike and faithfull prayers vnto almighty God for his blessing and protection to attend them in this their businesse the whole day after succeeding , which done the Serieant Maior or Captaine of the watch shal extract out of the companies howsoeuer deuided , and deliuer vnto euery Maister of the worke appointed , his propper and seuerall Ging , to take their wayes therevnto , where the said Maisters and ouer-seers of such workes shal be present with them to labour , and hold to labour such his Ginge vntill 9. or ten of the clock , according vnto the coldnesse or heate of the day , at which time he shall not suffer any of his company to be negligent , and idle , or depart from his worke , vntill the Serieant maior , or Capt. of the watch causing the drum to beat shall fetch them in vnto the Church to heare diuine seruice , which beeing effected , euery man shall repaire to his lodging , to prouide himselfe of his dinner , and to ease and rest himselfe vntill two or three of the clocke in the after-noone , acording to the heat and coldnesse of the day , at which time the drumme beating , the Capt: shall againe draw forth his company vnto the place of Armes as a foresaid , to bee disposed of as before vppon their worke vntill fiue or six of the clocke , at which time the drumme beating as before , at the command of the Sarjeant maior or Capt. of the watch , they shal be by one of them brought in againe vnto the Church to Euening prayer , which beeing ended they shall dismisse the company ; those that are to set the watch , with charge to prepare their Armes , the others vnto their rests and lodgings .

All these duties the Captaine must not be ignorant nor negligent to put in execu●ion , as being duties which will be exactly required at his hands by the Marshall , as also so to behaue himselfe that he may be as well beloued as obeyed of his souldiers , that thereby they may as well know , how to obey , as he to command , and that he endeuour by all meanes to conserue his men , as annoy his enemy , & painefully to execute with al diligence such matters as he is inioyned by his superiors , and to haue no apprehension of feare , but of shame and infamie .

Instructions of the Marshall for the better enabling of a Lieftenant to the executing of his charge in this present Colonie Iune the 22. 1611.

WHen the Captaine is present he is to be assisting to his Captaine , in prouiding that all directions that are commanded by the Superior Officer , as well his Captain as other , be put in execution , that the company be well and orderly gouerned , and such duties duly and dayly performed as are inioyned by the Gouernor or cheife officer ; and likewise that the duties of the inferiour officers or Soldiers be no lesse diligently and sedulously discharged , for he being , as is said , a helpe , and aide vnto his Captaine , is therefore accountant to and with his Captain for such omissions , disorders and neglects , as the company shal be found faulty in .

He ought faithfully to informe his Capt: of all abuses , disorders , neglects , and contempts that shall happen in the company , of what nature or condition soeuer they bee .

If his Captain shal at any time demand his opinion in any matter of consequence , he shall faithfully and sincerely deliuer it , but not presume to aduise his Capt. vndemanded , vnles it be vpon extraordinary occasion of present and imminent perill .

It shal be his duty in all quarrels , braules , debates , and discontentments of his soldiers to accord and agree them without partiallity , and with the least troubling of his Cap. with the same , & if he cannot with his curtesies , and gentle interposition worke them into peaceable agreement , hee shall then acquaint his Captaine , and afterwards faithfully put in execution his Captaines directions .

He ought to traine & exercise the company that they may be expert in the vse of their armes when they shall be commanded to publike seruice . He ought likewise to see that the inferiour officers be duly obei'd the one by the other without singularity or contradiction , & the soldiers obey them all in generall , each one according to his place .

By his care euery Squadron shal haue his armes seruiceable and cleane , and at the setting of the watch that they be prouided of pouder , match , and bullet , for the defence of the guard , and if the company be vnfurnished to aduertise his Captaine , or send his Serieant to the munition Maister , that order may bee presently taken for the supplie thereof .

Hee shall doe well , if conueniently he may , morning and euening ( or at least once a day ) to present him-selfe before his Captaine , to know his commands , and to informe his Captaine , of the state of his Companie .

It shal be his duty to haue care that the company bee ready ( as is exprest in the Captaines duty ) to go forth and attend the daily businesse , and publike labour appertayning to the Colonie , which shal be comaunded by the chiefe officer , In which hee shall haue a hand in executing , and an eye in ouer-seeing , that euery one take his due paines , and not loyter , and idlely mispend the time appoynted vnto the dispatch of such businesse .

Hee is to haue a hearty and religious care that the souldiers doe not make breach of the lawes , and duties , diuine , ciuill , or martiall , inioyned them to obserue vpon so necessary reasons and strict penalties , but that he informe , correct and punish to the vtmost of his authority limited , the trespassers of the same , or the omission of any duty whatsoeuer , with the approbation of his Captaine .

Hee is not to make it his least care to ouer-see and take charge of the lodging and bedding of all in generall in his company , that according vnto the publike edict the preseruation of their healths be prouided for , and that one point of slothfullnesse in the common soldier preuented , and met with , of lying vpon or to neere the ground , which neglect in the officer hath bin the losse of many a man .

For his order of command and march in the field , and quartering he shal be appoynted the manner thereof by the Marshall , when occasion of seruice shall so require , like-wise the order of trayning and exercising his Captaines company he shall haue vnder the marshalls hand .

Hee is amongst other his duties most carefully , like a charitable and wel instructed Christian , mercifull and compassionate , make often and daily suruey of such of his company as shal be visited with sicknesse , or wounded by any casualty of warre , gunpoulder , or other-wise , in which hee shall take such order that the lodgings of such as shal be so sicke or hurt , be sweet and cleanely kept , them-selues attended and drest , and to the vttermost of his power to procure either from the store , or the Phisition and Surgeons chest , such comforts , healps , and remedies , as may be administred and applied vnto them , and to haue care that they be not defrauded of those meanes and remedies which are for them deliuered out of the said store or chests .

And for that this officer is in the abscence of his Captaine to be called vnto the Marshall Court as his deputie , for the better inhabling of his iudgement , when his opinion is to be required in the censure of offences and crimes of what quality soeuer , which shal be brought thither to be sentenced , I refer him to the abstract of the lawes in breefe anexed vnto the duty of his Capt.

Instructions of the Marshall for the better enabling of an Ensigne to the executing of his charge in this present Colonie , Iune the 22. 1611.

IT is requisite for euery soldier to stand vppon his credit and reputation , proposing vnto himselfe that their can be no lesse equall , or to be compared with dishonour , & sure in matters of armes and their execution , what dishonour can bee greater then the losse of the ensigne , for which it ought to be committed to the charge of a right valiant , and well gouerned soldier , who may not leaue nor loose it , but where the losse of his life shall quit him of that duty .

So farre as toucheth his command , or gouernment in the company , he is to know that he hath no command where his Captaine or Lieftenant are present , but in their absence I referre him to the duty of the Capt: which he is to execute as religiously , painfully , and circumspectly as the Captaine : he beeing answerable vnto his Captaine for all defects , neglects , disorders , and contempts of duties , in his company whatsoeuer .

In the gouernment of his company he is to be asistant vnto his superiour officers , in teaching and inabling all his inferiours , euery one his perticular duty , with faire perswasion and all gentlenes , and sweetnes of command , and if any thing shall happen , either disorders or neglects of duties , it shall be fit for him to aduertise his superior officers that redresse may be had , for he hath no power of himselfe in their presence to punish , correct , or do any act of executions vpon his companions .

When the time of exercise and training shal be of the companie , he shall be there ready and assistant vnto his superiour officer ( if so be it his coulours be not drawne forth ) for the better furtherance of him in the so training , and disciplining of the men .

Hee shall see all commands of his superior Officers put in execution , and not stand ignorantly in defence ( as some haue ) and it is the property of the ignorant so to do , that he is tyed to no other duties , but to the carrying of his coulours . For no inferiour officers duty , whether Sargeant or corporalls , but he is to performe and execute ( if they shall be by any disaster , defeate , or visitation of sicknesse disabled personally to discharge it themselues ) being so commanded by his Superior officers , during the time of guard , yea the duty of the Centinell he is to vndergoe , and from which neither the Captaine nor Lieftenant are exempted vpon vrgent occasion .

In the hapning of any dispute , quarrell , or debate amongst the soldiers , the same being brought to his knowledge , he shall do his best to end and compound , whose authority & perswasions , if they shal not be powerfull enough to reconcile & set at one , he shal then informe his Lieftenant , or Captaine : that order with the most speed & conuenience , may be taken therein .

He shall hold it his duty to visit the sick or hurt in his company , and to his power of them take the same care , and make the same charitable prouision for , as is inioynd both the Captaine and Lieftenant .

It is his duty to command the Corporalls to bring their squadrons to his lodging , who shal conduct them to his Lieftenant , and they both conduct them to their Captaine , at the beating of the Drum , whither for any manuall labour and worke , for the Colony , or whither to bee lead vnto the Church at any time to heare diuine seruice .

He is to visit the armes of the Company , and at the setting of the watch to take care , and so at all time , that they be not vnseruiceable , and if any want bee then of ma●ch , poulder , or bullet , or what else defect , hee is to aduertise his Superior Officers , that they may then and at all other times bee supplied and amended .

To bee breefe hee is an assistant to the Lieftenant in the same nature that the Lieftenant is to the Captaine , and may not by any meanes intrude into the command of the one or other , they being present .

In the absence of the Captaine , and Lieftenant ( when hee is then to bee Captaine of the watch ) I referre him to the duty of the sayd Captayne of the watch .

For his Order of march , and flying of his collours , and his carriage in the field , and vpon seruice , he shal bee ordred and instructed by word of mouth from the Marshall , when occasion shal be offered .

Thus mutch is needfull for him to know touching his command , and his carriage to his officers and company , so far forth as hee and they are soldiers , and as the necessity of this present state and condition which we are in doth require . But concerning the publike and dayly manuall businesse which appertaine to our setling there as Planters of a Col●nie , he is to make it his duty , to be a diligent not onely ou●r-seer , but labourer , himselfe accompanying therein , and seconding the example of his Captaine , and industrious Lieutenant , that the necessary and daily taskes of such workes and husbandry ( without which we cannot here keepe footing , nor possibly subsist ) may be in due time accomplisht and brought to passe .

Instructions of the Marshall for the better enabling of a Serjeant to the executing of his charge in this present Colonie , Iune the 22. 1611.

THat Captaine who shall dispose of a H●lbert , by vertue whereof a Serjeant is knowne , ought to make choise of a man well approoued , that hath passed the inferior grades of a resolute spirit , quick apprehension , and actiue body , for it is a place of great paines and promptitude , and that Serjeant who will be able to execute his duty in sinceritie and vprightnesse , must not be slack to punish where it is deserued , nor ouer rash to abuse his authority , vnbefitting an officer of such moment .

This officer hath in the absence of his superior officers the command of the company , to see them doe their duties , and obserue lawes and orders in all things , and punishment of them by his Halbert , or otherwise in his discretion , for defect or negligence in any part of order .

This officer is to attend vpon the Serjeant Major for the word vpon the shutting in of the Ports , at the Gouernors lodging or place of armes , according as the Serjeant Major shall appoint , then he is to giue the word to his Captaine , Lieftenant , and Ensigne , and vnto his corporall or corporalls hauing the guard .

Hee must see the Soldiers of his company furnished and prouided with munition , as shotte , poulder , and match , at the setting of the watch .

Hee is to call , or cause to bee called the Corporalls roule , to see who are absent or negligent in the discharge of their duties .

Hee is to see each souldiers armes cleanly kept , and seruiceable , and if default be , he is to reprooue the corporall for his negligence in the ouer-sight of that dutie , and to punish the souldier .

Hee must see the souldiers practise their armes , and therefore it is requisite that he know the vse of all sorts of armes himselfe .

If the watch be set by squadrons , he shall leade that squadron , that is to watch to the Parado , and there draw Billets for his guard , and from thence lead them to the guard .

He shall see the setting out of the Centinels , and after shall haue care that silence and good order be kept vpon the guard , and that no man depart from the guard without the leaue of him , or his corporall , and that no man be absent aboue one halfe houre , hauing a special regard that hee weaken not his guard , by giuing leaue vnto aboue two at a time to be absent , least he disable himselfe in the performance of that duty of trust and charge which is committed vnto him of the guard .

Hee shall see that his corporall or corporals , do put his or their squadrons into armes , two houres before the relieuing of the watch , who shall so abide in armes , at least one whole houre after .

If the watch be set by whole companies , it is his duty to place euery souldier in his order , and to see them march in ranke and file , and himselfe being eldest Serjeant to march vpon the right point in the vaunt-guard : if he be the yongest he is to march vpon the left point in the rere-ward , each taking care of halfe of the company , vnlesse when more companies march together , they be appointed any other place by a superior officer . When the Serjeant is appointed to lead out any shot , he shall goe vpon the side of the vtmost ranke , and see that they take their leuell , & giue fier , and do all things with comlinesse and leisure , & so likewise in the retrait .

A Serjeant of each company , presently after the discharge of the watch shall bee in the place of armes , or market place , to attend the Captaine of the watch to the opening of the Ports , that they may be imploied by him , for the discouery without the forts , of any ambushes or attempts of the enemy , with such guard as hee shall appoint them , the Captaine of the watch hauing caused all those of the towne , about , to go forth , to forbeare and stay vntill the said Serjeants returne , which Serjeants are to command those that are comming in , to stay vntill those in the towne are comming forth , & then they shal discouer right forth before the Port , and to both sides of the Port , so farre vntill the discouerers of the other forts meete where they end ; the discouerers being returned , those of the towne shall be suffered to passe out leisurely , & after those being without shal come in as leisurely , without throng or crowd , that they be the better discerned by the guard what they are . The Ports beeing open , the Serjeants shall returne to their guards , where they shall instruct their souldiers in the practise of their armes , and shall shew them the ready vse of them , and doe their indeauours by their best meanes , to incourage the towardly , and instruct the ignorant .

If vpon his guard , in the absence of his superior officer , any soldier of his guard shall offend , hee shall eyther punish him by his Halbert , or if the qualitie of the offence so deserue he shall disarme him , and keepe him prisoner vpon the guard , vntill the watch bee releiued , and then hee shall bring him to his superior officers , that he may receiue condigne punishment according to the condition of his offence .

The Serjeant ought to know euery souldier , and to take notice of their particular lodgings , and to make it a point of his duty to see that they keepe their lodgings cleane , and that their beds doe stand a yard about the ground , to haue an eye into their diet , their thriftinesse and conuersation , to aduise them to the best , whereof he is to make report vnto the Captaine or chiefe officer , that they may receiue estimation for good , and punishment for euill behauiour .

He is to informe himselfe of the sick , or hurt , in the company , and to visit them once a day , and to inquire whether they bee not defrauded by the Phisitions and Surgeons , of such necessary helpes as are deliuered vnto them , for their preseruations and recoueries , and to informe his Captaine of the negligence and abuse of such , who should in that case deale vniustly with them that their dishonesty may receiue due punishment .

He is likewise to addresse himselfe vnto the Serjeant Major , and Store-maister , for the supplying of his company with munition , and victuals , vpon any occasion : and concerning the munition , he is to haue a principall care , that the souldier doe not spend it away in vaine , but onely at such times as they are appointed for exercising and training .

He is likewise to take notice of all defects and abuses in his company , and to enforme his superiour officers , that they may be redressed , and Iustice take place ,

He shall with great diligence attend the commands of his Captaine , and of the Serjeant Major , and at all times put them in present execution , rebuking such as doe amisse , shewing them their faults , and teaching them by a good example in himselfe , to tread in the way of all ciuilitie and goodnesse . If any debate shall happen betweene souldier and souldier , hee hauing knowledge thereof , shall doe his indeauor to agree , and reconcile them , that it come not to his superior officers , and if through obstinacie hee cannot agree them , hee shall commit them , or informe his superior officers , who may take order therein .

He is to prouide that none of the company bee absent when the Drum shall call them forth to worke , in which workes he is to be a president himselfe , both by labouring in the same , and calling vpon others to doe the like ,

He is to goe to the Store , to take out such Tooles , as are required for the workes in hand , and there to vnder-write vnto the booke of the store-Maister , or vnto a note to be filed , thereby charging himselfe to be accountable for the said tooles , when the worke shall be performed , ouer which he is to haue a regard , that they be not neglectfully layed vp , spoyled nor broken without examining by what meanes they came so broken , that the wilfull breaker thereof may receiue punishment , and the said toole or tooles so broken , withall the pieces , he shall bring vnto the store , to shew the same for his better discharge .

Instructions of the Marshall for the better enabling of a Corporall vnto the discharge of his duty in this present Colonie , Iune the 22. 1611.

THe Corporall is in grade and dignity aboue the priuate souldier , and therefore care ought to bee had in the choosing of this officer , for that it is an office of good account , and by neglect of this duty , many inconueniences may come vpon a camp , towne , or fort , therefore it is fit that hee surmount and excell his inferiors in valour , diligence and iudgment , and likewise in the practise and vse of all sorts of armes , whereby he may the better bee enabled to instruct and teach this squadron committed to his charge .

The Corporall ought ( hauing the third part of the company giuen him in command ) to sort and assist them in their quartering or lodging , to haue a care that they be cleane and sweet , and that their beds in the same bee laide three foote from the ground , hee is to carry a hand ouer their dye● , thriftinesse , and conuersation , and to aduise and instruct them at all times to demeane themselues as good Christians ought to do , and to make report thereof vnto his Captaine or chiefe officer , that from them they may receiue credit and estimation for good behauiour , and punishment and disgrace for their misdemenours .

Hee is to haue a speciall care of their Armes to see them duly furnished and kept in order , and when the Drum beateth to bee in a readinesse at the Colonies ; and if any bee absent , hee shall make it knowne to his Serjeant or superior officer .

When he marcheth , hee is to lead a file , hee ought to bee daily conuersant with his little company committed vnto his charge , and the company beeing in the field , to lodge with them , and prouide to his power for their wants , and to instruct and teach them how to vse and handle the weapon they carry : Likewise , to remember well how each one is armed and appointed when hee receiueth him into charge , then to see no part of his furniture or armes bee broken or spoiled , but to haue care that they bee preserued cleane and seruice-able .

Hee ought to haue a vigilant eye vpon the good behauiour of his company , not suffering them to vse any vnlawfull and prohibited games , nor that they giue them selues to excesse of drinking , surfitting and ryot , but that they bee conformable to all the Martiall lawes : that they likewise make spare of their pay or victuals , the better to furnish themselues in comely and decent manner , with apparell and other necessaries fitte and requisite for them , wherein the Corporall ought to vse his vtmost endeauour .

In presence of his Captaine , or superior officer , hee is to take vppon him no more then the condition of his office doth require , but diligently to attend and execute what they shall command , that his example may serue for a President to the rest of his squadron .

At the setting of the watch hee is to see that they be furnished with poulder , Bullet and match , and that their armes be seruiceable and soldier-like .

If the company watch by squadrons , he and his squadron shall be brought by the Serjeant vnto the place of watch , and from him receiue the word and directions , in what maner , and where he shall place his Centinels , whether by day or night● which hee is to see performed .

When the Corporall with his squadron shall bee brought to the place where he and they shall watch , he and they must prouide eft-soones for wood for fyring vpon the guard , that beside for their owne comfort , they may haue fire ready alwayes vpon the guarde to light their match vpon any proffered occasion .

Hee is to cause silence to bee kept vppon the court of guard , and to gouerne the watch , so that the labour bee equally diuided of his squadron , either in watch , worke , or seruice , and to take care in all respects , that they performe the duties of good and honest soldiers .

His Centinels being placed , hee is to let none passe without the word , vnlesse it bee the Captaine of the watch , or Serjeant Major , vnto whom ( after hee shall haue perfect knowledge of them , ) hee is to deliuer the word at their first round , but before the deliuery of the word , hee shall take the Captaine of the watch and Serjeant Major alone within his guard , the corporall beeing accompanied with halfe a dozen of shot with Match in Cock , to haue an eye ouer the rest of the rounders that accompany the Captaine of the watch or Sarjeant Major , and not to suffer the rounders to come within the centinell , & if at any time of the night after their first round , the Serjeant Maior or Captaine of the watch shall goe their round , as it is their duties , then they are to giue the word to the Corporal , vnlesse they mistrust the doubt the memory of any Corporall : the Corporall is not to goe out single to take the word of any round but to take two , or three , or more of his guard with him , and if it shal be a round of more then two , then hee shall ●●●w out all his men in his guard in their armes , the Corporall shall at no time ( to receiue the word ) passe beyond the Centinell , but make him that hath the word to come forward within the Centinell , and shall cause the rest to stand without the Centinell , and those that are out by the Corporall for his guard shall keepe their eies and armes in a readinesse ouer him that is to giue or take the word of the Corporall , vntill such time as the Corporall be satisfied of him .

He must make good his guard vntill he bee releiued the which hee shall the better doe if hee keepe his men together vpon the guard ; he must visite the Centinels sometimes vnawares to them , and must be ready to go to them at the first call .

Hee shall put his men in armes two houres before the discharge of the watch , so to remayne one houre after .

Hee shall warne his Centinells to make noe alarum but vpon iust cause , and then with as much silence as may be , and in like silence hee must aduertise the Captaine of the watch , and the next guards vnto him , and so without notice or signe of contusion from one guard vnto an other .

If vpon his guard any of his soldiers shal misdemeane himselfe , or offend in any of the publique lawes , diuine , ciuill , or martiall , he shall bring him to his superior officer , then vpon the guard , that he may receiue punishment .

His duty is to prouide that none of his Squadron , be absent , when the drumme shall call to any labour , or worke , or at what time soeuer they shall be commanded there vnto for t●●●eruice of the Collonie , in the performance of which said workes he is to be an example of the rest of his Squadron by his owne labouring therein , and by encouraging and calling vpon others at any time negligent , idle and slothfull , that thereby giuing encoraging to his superior officers he may be held by them worthy of a higher place .

Hee must likewise receiue such instruments and tooles , as spades , shouels , axes , &c. imployed in the worke , from his Sarjeant to dispose , and to deliuer the same vnto the labourers with all the care he may , to his vtmost , that none of them be broken , lost , or wilfully spoiled , without drawing the parties so breaking , loosing and wilfully spoyling the same into punishment ; and after the worke done he shall gather the said tooles in againe and re-deliuer them vp vnto his Sargeant , all , and the same , who is to be accountable vnto the maister of the store vnto whose booke he hath vnderwritten for the receipt of them .

And by reason he is well knowing of euery man in his Squadron , and thereby cannot but misse the pretence of any man from any duty whatsoeuer , sooner then haply the superiour officers may , his care shall bee to attend his squadron to the vsuall workes and day-labours , and vnto frequent prayers , and the deuine seruice at all times , and vppon all the dayes in the weeke , giuing due notice vnto his superiour officer , of the neglect of eyther duties in their kinde ●hat reformation may follow .

Hee shall not suffer any gaming , heare any prophane lewd speeches , swearing , brawling , &c. or see any disorder whatsoeuer vppon his court of guard , or else-where , without present information giuen thereof vnto his superiour officer , that the offenders may bee duly punished .

Hee shall take notice of all bands and proclamations published by the Generall , procuring a copie of the same from the Prouost Marshall , the same duly to bee read vnto his squadron , that they may bee made the perfecter in the knowledge of them , and thereby learne the better to forbeare the trespassing in forbidden things , remembring the penaltie of the same , and execute things commanded , considering the reward thereof , whether in Campe , Towne or Forte , Field or garrison .

Hee shall read , or cause to bee read , the Souldiers dutye , euery time of his guarde in some conuenient time and place , during the same , thereby to remember them the better of their generall duties .

Instructions of the Marshall for the better enabling of a priuat soldier , to the executing of his duty in this present Colonie . Iune 22. 1611.

IT is requisite that he who will enter into this function of a soldier , that he dedicate himselfe wholly for the planting and establishing of true religion , the honour of his Prince , the safety of his country , and to learne the art which he professeth , which is in this place to hold warre , and the seruice requisite to the subsisting of a colonie : There be many men of meane descent , who haue this way attained to great dignity , credit , and honor .

Hauing thus dedicated himselfe with a constant resolution , he ought to be diligent , carefull , vigilant and obedient , and principaly to haue the feare of God , and his honor in greatest esteeme .

In making choyse of his familiar accquaintance , let him haue care that they be of religious and honest conditions , not factious nor mutenous murmurers , nor euill languaged and worse disposed persons : his choyse beeing made he is to carry him selfe discreete , temperate , quiet and friendly , withholding himselfe from being to lauish of speech , for such as take liberty vnto themselues to talke licentiously , to slander , raile , and backbite others , do vsually make bankrout of their friends , of estimation , and of their owne peace and quiet of conscience .

He must be carefull to serue God priuately and publiquely ; for all professions are therevnto tied , that carry hope with them to prosper , and none more highly then the souldier , for hee is euer in the mouth of death , and certainly hee that is thus religiously armed , fighteth more confidently and with greater courage , and is thereby protected through manifold dangers , and otherwise vnpreuentable euents .

He must bee no blasphemer nor swearer , for such an one is contemptible to God and the world , and shall be assured to be found out and punished by the diuine Iustice : whereof we haue instant examples .

He must refraine from dicing , carding , and Idle gaming : for common gamsters , although they may haue many good parts in them , yet commonly they are not esteemed according to their better qualities , but censured according to their worst , procuring enemies , questions , brawles , and a thousand following inconueniences .

He must not set his minde ouer-greedily vpon his belly , and continuall feeding , but rest himselfe contented with such prouisions as may bee conueniently prouided , his owne labour purchase , or his meanes reach vnto : aboue all things he must eschew that detestable vice of drunkennesse ; for then a man is not apt nor good for any thing , and by that beastly disorder , many great armies haue miscarried , and much disquiet and tumults raised in campe , and ciuill townes , wherevpon doth fail the sword of Iustice vpon their necks , which in that case they haue compelled to be drawne .

Chastitie is a vertue much commended in a souldier , when vncleanesse doth defile both body and soule , and makes a man stinke in the nostrils of God & man , and laieth him open to the malice & sword of his enemy , for commonly it makes a man effeminate , cowardly , lasie , and full of diseases , & surely such who haue vnlawful women stil trudging about with them , or in whom custome hath taken away the sence of offending in that kind , commonly come to dishonorable ends .

He is tyed in his entring or inrowling into any company , to take his oath of faithfulnesse , and sincere seruice to his Prince , Generall and Captaine : to be conformable to the lawes prouided for the aduancement of the intended businesse , and for the cherishing of the good therein , and punishment of the euill .

He must be true-hearted to his Capt. and obey him and the rest of the officers of the Campe , Towne , or Fort , with great respect , for by the very oath which he taketh hee doth binde himselfe and promise to serue his Prince , and obey his officers : for the true order of warre is fitly resembled to true religion ordeined of God , which bindeth the souldier to obserue iustice , loyaltie , faith , constancie , patience , silence , and aboue all , obedience , through the which is easily obteined the perfection in armes , and is as a meanes to atchieue great enterprises , though neuer so difficult : certainly , who wanteth the vertue of obedience and patience , though neuer so valiant otherwise , yet is he vnworthy of the same name .

A souldier must patiently suffer the aduersities and trauailes which do fall out in the courses and chances of warre : he must not be ouer-greedy , nor hasty of his pay , albeit he may stand in some want thereof , but must with a chearfull alacrity shew his constancy , auoyding by al possible meanes , rebellions and mutenies , which most vpon such pettish occasiones are runne into : by no meanes must hee bee a pertaker with such mutiners , for the end of such is sharpe and shamefull death .

If in Skirmishes Incounters , or surprise of towne the enimies be vanquished , let him set all his care and diligence in execution of the victorie with his Armes , & not in rifling and spoiling for trash , for so he shal be accounted an vnruly freebooter , beside innumerable are the disorders and mischefes which do happen by rauenous Pillagers , many times to the dishoner of the action , and to the losse of their liues , therfore he shall pursue the victorie vntil the enimy be wholy ended & the place fully caried and possessed , the Guards placed , and liberty granted from the chiefe Commander to sack & spoile , wherein by any meanes let him auoid murther and crueltie , and violation of women , for those are odious to God and man , rather in such cases let him shew himselfe pittiful and mercifull vnto the vanquished , rather defending the sillie women and Children then procuring their hurt and damage , for in so doing it will be right acceptable to God and his Commanders .

Such Armes as he is apointed to serue with , whither Musket , Caliuer or Target , let him be very dilligent to vse all his industrie to excell in the vse of them , for therby he may conserue his owne life and his fellows , for the which purpose he shall call vpon his Serjeant and his Corporall to instruct him therein , vntill hee come vnto perfection .

He must learne the seuerall sounds of the Drumme , whereby hee may obey that which he is commanded ; for the Drum often-times is the voice of the Commander , hee shall carefully note and marke the signes made by the Captaine and officers , without talking or pratling vnto his next companions : for that is vnbesitting a Souldier , and makes him vncapable to heare what is giuen in command .

In skirmishes and incounters he shal be resolute and valiant , for that souldier which is timorous and fearfull can neuer bring his heart to any hearty enterprise , nor dareth to attempt any hotte , bold , or audacious charge or seruice , by reason of his cowardly spirit and feare .

Hee must bee carefull to bee alwayes vigilant and ready , beeing placed for a Centinell , or in the Court of guard , where he shall not put of his armes , vntill hee haue leaue from the Captaine : for therein consisteth the security of the Campe , Towne , or Fort.

Hee shall doe well to keepe his fidelity vnspotted to his Prince and Generall , although his sufferings may bee intolerable and infinite , and shall not flye vnto the enemy : for to bee branded with infamie of a traytor is a fowle and odious offence , and rigourously punished among all nations , and neuer yet traitor came to good end ; of which we haue examples infinite .

Hee must not bee shifting from company to company , but serue in the company where hee first began , and if at any time hee shall depart for his preferment , let him demand the good liking of his Captaine , who if hee shall denie it him in such a case , it shall bee imputed no offence in him to appeale vnto the Generall or chiefe officer .

At the sound of the Drumme , for the setting of the watch with his arms being fix and seruiceable he shall repaire to his colours , and it shall be commendable in him by the way to call vpon his Corporall , so that all the Squadron meeting together at the Corporals lodging may attend the Corporall vnto the colours , and if he be vnprouided of munition he shall acquaint his Corporall therewith , who shall see him furnished .

When the company or squadron march to the guard he shall hold that order in which he was placed by his Serjeant , marching in a comely and gracefull manner , and being armed at the place of guard he shall pose his armes according vnto the Corporalls direction , and behaue himselfe in all his actions as befitting a religious Soldier in that holy place of guard , without doing any act of prophanesse , disorder , or ought els , tending to the pollution of the same either in word or deed .

When his Corporall shall appoint him forth for Centinell , he shall shoulder his peice , both ends of his match being alight , and his peice charged , and p●ined , and bullets in his mouth , there to stand with a carefull and waking eye , vntill such time as his Corporall shall relieue him , and to let no man passe nor come vp to him , but to force him stand , and then to call his Corporall .

He must harken diligently and looke well about him from his place of Centinell for the approch of any about the Camp , Towne , or Fort , or the dich thereof , or if he heare any noyse , to call his Corporall to aduertise him of the same .

He must haue a speciall care that he sleepe not vpon his Centinell , nor set his armes out of his hands : for therein he maketh himselfe subiect for any passenger by to take away his life , beside the generall inconuenience that may come vpon the Camp , Towne or Fort.

His Corporall hauing releiued him and brought him to the guard , he shall do well to read the Lawes and ordinances for the gouernment of the Camp , Towne , or Fort , constituted and prescribed by the Marshall , the better to enable his memory for the exact obseruance of those lawes whereby he shall not only auoyd the trespassing against the same , but also get the reputation of a well ordered and gouerned soldier .

Such gentlemen or others , as are appointed by their Captaine for rounders , and approoued by the Serjeant Major or Captaine of the watch , amongst them those rounders that are appointed to attend the Captaine of the watch on his guard are to receiue their directions from him , as Likewise those of the companies vpon the guards for their order of rounding , according to the time of the night in what hower they shal make their Rounds ,

The Rounders from the guard , from the Captaine of the watch , are to visit the Centinells , and Courts of guards , making their rounds vpon the rampart , harkning and listening and looking ouer into the ditches , if they can heare or see , or discouer any troopes , or men neere the town , taking care besides that there be good watch kept both by the Centinells , and vpon the court of guard , and if any noyse or tumult be neere the rampart , they may step downe and informe themselues of it , and bring the trespassers to the next guard , committing them there vntill after the round made they haue acquainted the Capt. of the watch of such disorders . The rounds from the Ports are to round the streets to take in charge that no disorders , breaking vp , or fiering of houses of y c store , or roberies , magazin , riots or tumult in Taphouses , or in the streetes , or in priuat houses at houres vntimely be committed , and the offenders to bring to the next guard , and to informe the Captaine of the watch ; All rounders are to be subiect and obedient vnto the Captaine of the watch and his commands during his time of watch .

Two houres before day he must be ready in arms with his peice charged & prouided , & a match a light at both ends and bullets in mouth , there to attend the command of the Corporall vntill further directions be giuen , and at the time appoynted for the exercise of his armes , he shall be tractable and obedient to his officers executing such commands as they shall impose vpon him , that he may be the better trained and inhabled to offend his enemy , and to defend himselfe .

He shal be carefull to obserue al words of command , postures and actions , according to the order of training published by the marshall .

The exercise being ended and the prisewon and lost he shall pose his armes at the court of Guard , and ther giue diligent atendance that he be at no time absent from his Guard , aboue one houre , without leaue from his Officer , and that not without leaue of his Officer .

The watch being relieued and he free from the guard he is to dispose of the rest of the time for his owne perticular vse vntill next morning at the discharge of the watch : when at the call of the drumme , he shall attend at his corporalls lodging ther to receiue such instrument , or toole as the busines of that day shall require , from whence he shall march to the place of armes or maine court of guard ; there to be disposed of by the captaine of the watch for that day seruice of the Colonies , in which he shall doe his best indeauour like a painfull and industrious seruant of the Colonies to discharge his duty for the furtherance of his worke , and incouragment of such who shall be the more stirred vp by his example of goodnes , to the imitation of the like : and thus doing , he shall giue cause vnto the Generall , vnto his Captaine , and chiefe officers , to take notice of his painfulnesse , who may according to his desert in time giue him aduancement for the same .

He shall continue at his worke vntill the drumme beate , and that his Captaine , his officers or ouerseers of the worke , giue order unto a cessation for the time , and for the same purpose attendeth to lead him in , whom he shall orderly and comely follow into the Camp , Towne or Fort , by his said Captaine , officer or ouerseer him meeting , to be conducted vnto the church to heare diuine seruice , after which he may repayre to his house or lodging to prepare for his dinner , and to repose him vntill the drumme shall call him forth againe in the afternoone , when so ( as before ) he shall acompany his chiefe officer vnto the field , or where els the work lieth , and there to follow his easie taske vntill againe the drumme beat to returne home : at which time according as in the forenoone , he shall follow his cheife officer vnto the church to heare diuine seruice and after dispose of himselfe as he shall best please , and as his owne businesse shall require ; with this caution carefully to preserue the toole or Instrument with which he wrought to serue his turne againe the next day as he will answere the contrary vpon the perill prescribed

Concerning his order of march and carriage in the field when occasion shall present it selfe , he will easily acquire and learne the same by experience , prouided that he be carefull to march , ranke , and file , and not straggle , or be disobedient vnto proclamations of the General for therin consisteth the princicipall part of his duty , vntill when I leaue him with this caueat , that he diligently marke , consider and remember the orders , which the higher officers do obserue , in ordering their files and rankes , and surueying their squadrons of footmen , and to the placing of the great Artillery in the march and setled campe , and the plot of the quartering , according to the disposition of the ground where the campe shall then be , with the manner of entrenching , placing of Ordinances & Guards for the defence of the same , that in the knowledge and execution of these duties , the Generall hauing vnderstanding of his promptitude and diligence may conferre vpon him , and call him vnto place of preferment and commaund .

That there be no neglect found in him , in his marching to the Guard or Field , and that in the same he doe not forget or leaue behinde him any peece or parcell of his Armes appointed him by the Marshall for his owne defence , or offence of the enemie .

A Praier duly said Morning and Euening vpon the Court of Guard , either by the Captaine of the watch himselfe , or by some one of his principall officers .

MErciful Father , and Lord of heauen and earth , we come before thy presence to worship thée in calling vpon thy name , and giuing thankes vnto thée , and though our duties and our verie necessities call vs héereunto : Yet we confesse our hearts to be so dull and vntoward , that vnlesse thou be mercifull to vs to teach vs how to pray , we shall not please thée , nor profit our selues in these duties .

Wée therefore most humbly beséech thée to raise vp our hearts with thy good spirit , and so to dispose vs to praier , that with true seruencie of heart , féeling of our wants , humblenesse of minde , and faith in thy gracious promises , we may present our suites acceptably vnto thée by our Lord and Sauiour Iesus Christ .

And thou our Father of al mercies , that hast called vs vnto thée , heare vs and pitie thy p●0re seruants , we haue indéed sinned wonderously against thée through our blindnesse of mind , prophanesse of spirit , hardnesse of heart , selfe loue , worldlinesse , carnall lusts , hypocrisie , pride , vanitie , vnthankfulnesse , infidelitie , and other our natiue corruptions , which being bred in vs , and with vs , haue defiled vs euen from the wombe , and vnto this day , and haue broken out as plague sores into innumerable transgressions of all thy holy lawes , ( the good waies whereof we haue wilfully declines ) & haue many times displeased thée , and our own consciences in chusing those things which thou hast most iustly & seuerely forbidden vs . And besides all this wee haue outstood the gracious time and m●anes of our conuersion , or at least not stooped and humbled our selues before thée , as wee ought , although we haue wanted none of those helpes , which thou vouchsafest vnto thy wandering children to fetch them home withall , for we haue had together with thy glorious workes , thy word calling vpon vs without , and thy spirit within , and haue béene solicited by promises , by threatnings , by blessings , by chastisings , & by examples , on all hands : And yet our corrupted spirits cannot become wise before thée , to humble themselues , and to take héede as we ought , and wish to do .

Wherefore O Lord God , we do acknowledge thy patience to haue béene infinite and incomparable , in that thou hast béen able to hold thy hands from reuenging thy self vpon vs thus long , & yet pleasest to hold open the doze of grace , that we might come in vnto thée and be saued .

And now O blessed Lord God , we are desirous to come vnto thée , how wretched soeuer in our selues , yea our very wretchednesse sends vs vnto thée : vnto thée with whom the fatherlesse , and he that hath no helper findeth mercy , we come to thée in thy Sons name not daring to come in our owne : In his name that came for vs , we come to thée , in his ●●diation whom thou hast sent : In him O Father , in whom thou hast professed thy selfe to be well pleased , we come vnto thée , and doe most humbly beséech thée to pittie vs , & to saue vs for thy mercies sake in him .

O Lord our God our sins haue not outbidden that bloud of thy holy Son which speaks for our pardon , nor can they be so infinite , as thou art in thy mercies , & our hearts ( O God thou séest them , ) our hearts are desirous to haue peace with thée , and war with our lusts , and wish that they could melt before thée , and be dissolued into godly mourning for all that filth that hath gone through them . and defiled them . And our desires are now to serue and please thee , and our purposes to endeuour it more faithfully . we pray thée therefore for the Lord Iesus sake seale by in our consciences thy gracious pardon of all our sinnes past , and giue vs to féele the consolation of this grace shed abroad in our hearts for our eternall comfort and saluation : and that we may know this perswasion to be of thy spirit , and not of carnall presumption , ( blessed God ) let those graces of thy spirit , which doe accompany saluation , be powred out more plentifully vpon vs , encrease in vs all godly knowledge , faith , patience , temperance , méekenesse , wisedome , godlinesse , loue to thy Saints and seruice , zeale of thy glory , iudgement to discerne the difference of good & ill , and things present which are temporary , and things to come which are eternall

Make vs yet at the last wise-hearted to lay vp our treasure in heauen , and so set our affections more vpon things that are aboue , where Christ sits at thy right hand : And let all the vaine and transitory inticements of this poore life , appeare vnto vs as they are , that our hearts may no more be intangled and bewitched with the loue of them .

O Lord , O God , our God , thou hast dearely bought vs for thine owne selfe , giue vs so honest hearts as may be glad to ●éelt the possession of thine owne . And be thou so gracious , as yet to take them vp , though we haue desperately held thée out of them in times past , and dwell in vs , and raigne in vs by thy spirit , that we may be sure to raigne with thée in thy glorious kingdome , according to thy promise through him that hath purchased that inheritance for all that trust in him .

And seeing thou doest so promise these graces to vs , as that thou requirest our industrie and diligence in the vse of such meanes as serue thereto ( good Lord ) let vs not so crosse our praiers for grace , as not to séeke that by diligence , which we make shew to séeke by prayer , least our owne waied condemne vs of hypocrisie . Stirre vs vp therefore ( O Lord ) to the frequent vse of prayer , to reading , hearing , and meditating of thy holy word , teach vs to profit by the conuersation of thy people , and to be profitable in our owne , make vs wise to apprehend all oportunities of doing or receiuing spirituall good , strengthen vs with grace to obserue our hearts and waies , to containe them in good order , or to reduce them quickly , let vs neuer thinke any company so good as thine , nor any time so well spent , as that which is in thy seruice , and beautifying of thine Image in our selues or others .

Particularly we pray thée open our eies to sée our naturall infirmities , and to discouer the aduantages which Satan gets thereby . And giue vs care to striue most , where we are most assaulted and endamaged .

And thou O God , that hast promised to blesse thine owne ordinances , blesse all things vnto vs , that we may grow in grace & in knowledge , and so may shine as light in this darke world , giuing good example to all men , and may in our time lie downe in peace of a good conscience , embaulmed with a good report , and may leaue thy blessings entailed vnto ours after vs for an inheritance .

These O Father , are our speciall suits , wherein wee beséech thee to set forth the wonderful riches of thy grace towards vs , as for this life , and the things thereof , we craue them of thée so farre as may be for our good , and thy glory , beséeching thée to prouide for vs as vnto this day in mercy . And when thou wilt humble or exalt vs , gouerne vs so long , and so farre in all conditions and changes , as we may cleane fast vnto thee our God vnchangeably , esteeming thée our portion , & sufficient inheritance for euermore . Now what graces we craue for our selues , which are here before thy presence , we humbly begge for all those that belong vnto vs , and that by dutie or promise wee owe our praiers vnto , beséeching thée to be as gracious vnto them , as vnto our own souls , and specially to such of them , as in respect of any present affliction or temptation may be in speciall néede of some more spéedie helpe or comfort from thy mighty hand .

Yea our Lord God we humbly desire to blesse with our praiers the whole Church more specially our nation , and therein the kings Maiestie our Soueraigne , his Quéene and royall seede , with all that be in authoritie vnder him , beséeching thée to follow him and them with those blessings of thy protection and direction , which may preserue them safe from the malice of the world , and of Satan , and may yeeld them in their great places faithfull to thée for the good of thy people , and their owne eternall happinesse and honour .

We beséech thee to furnish the Churches with faithfull and fruitfull ministers , and to blesse their liues and labours for those mercifull vses , to which thou hast ordained them , sanctifie thy people O God , and let them not deceiue themselues with a formalitie of religion instéed of the power thereof , giue them grace to profit both by those fauours , and by those chasticements which thou hast sent successiuely or miredly amongst them . And Lord represse that rage of sinne , and prophanesse in all Christian states wh●●h bréeds so much Apostacy and defection , threatning the taking away of this light from them : Confound thou O God all the counsel and practises of Satan and his ministers , which are or shall be taken vp against thée , and the kingdome of thy deare sonne . And call in the Iewes together with the fulnesse of the gentiles , that thy name may be glorious in al the world , the daies of iniquity may come to an end , and we with all thine elect people may come to sée thy face in glorie , and be filled with the light thereof for euermore .

And now O Lord of mercie , O Father of the spirits of all flesh , looke in mercie vpon the Gentiles , who yet know thée not , O gracious God be mercifull to vs , and blesse vs , and not vs alone , but let thy waies be knowne vpon earth , & thy sauing health amongst all nations : we praise thée , and we blesse thée : But let the people praiss thée O God , yea let all the people praise thée , and let these ends of the world remember themselues and turne to thée the God of their saluation . And séeing thou hast honoured vs to choose vs out to heare thy name vnto the Gentiles : we therefore beséech thee to blesse vs , and this our plantation , which we and our nation haue begun in thy feare , & for thy glory . We know O Lord , we haue the diuel & all the gates of hel against vs , but if thou O Lord be on our side , we care not who be against vs . O therfore vouchsafe to be our God , & let vs be a part and portion of thy plople , confirme thy cauenant of grace & mercy with vs , which thou hast made to thy Church in Christ Iesus . And seeing Lord the highest end of our plantation here , is to set vp the standard , & display the banner of Iesus Christ , euen here where satans throne is Lord , let our labor be blessed in laboring the conuersion of the heathen . And because thou vsest not to work such mighty works by vnholy means , Lord sanctifie our spirits , & giue vs holy harts , that so we may be thy instruments in this most glorious work : lord inspire our souls with thy grace , kindle in vs zeale of thy glory : fill our harts with thy feare , & our tongues with thy praise , furnish vs all from the highest to the lowest with all gifts & graces néedful not onely for our saluation , but for the discharge of our duties in our seuerall places , adorne vs with the garments of Iustice , mercy , loue , pitie , faithfulnesse , humility , & all vertues , & teach vs to abhor all vice , that our lights may so shine before these heathen , that they may sée our good works , & so be brought to glorifie thée our heauenly Father . And seeing Lord we professe our selues thy seruants , & are about thy worke , Lord blesse vs , arme vs against difficulties , strength vs against all base thoughts & temptations , that may make vs looke backe againe . And séeing by thy motion & work in our harts , we haue left our warme nests at home , & put our liues into our hands principally to honour thy name , & aduance the kingdome of thy son , Lord giue vs leaue to commit our liues into thy hands : let thy Angels be about vs , & let vs be as Angels of God sent to this people . And so blesse vs Lord , & so prosper all our procéedings , that the heathen may neuer say vnto vs , where is now your God : Their Idols are not so good as siluer & gold , but lead & copper , & the works of their own hands . But thou Iehouah art our God , & we are the works of thy hands : O then let Dagon fall before thy Arke , let Satan be confounded at thy presence , & let the heathen sée it & be ashamed , that they may séeke thy face , for their God is not as our God , themselues being Iudges . Arise therfore O Lord , & let thine enemies be scattered , & let them that hate thée ●lie before thée : As the smoke vanisheth , so let Satan & his delusions come to nought & as war melteth before the fire , so let wickednes , superstition , ignorance & idolatry perish at the presence of thée our God . And wheras we haue by vndertaking this plantation vndergone the reproofs of the base world , insomuch as many of our owne brethren laugh vs to scorne , O Lord we pray thée fortiffe vs against this temptation : let Sanballat , & Tobias , Papists & players , & such other Amonits & Horonits the scum ● dregs of the earth , let them morke such as helpe to build vp the wals of Ierusalem , and they that be filthy , let them be filthy still , & let such swine still wallow in their mire , but let not the rod of the wicked sal vpon the lot of the righteous , let not them put forth their hands to such vanity , but let them that feare thée , reioyce & be glad in thée , & let them know , that it is thou O Lord , that raignest in England , & vnto the ends of the world . And séeing this work must néeds expose vs to many miseries , & dangers of soule & bodie , by land & sea . O Lord we earnestly beseech thee to receiue vs into thy fauour & protection , descr●● vs from the delusions of the diuel , the malice of the heathen , the inuasions of our enemies , & mutinies & dissentions of our own people , knit our hearts altogether in faith & feare of thee , & loue one to another giue vs patience , wisedome & constancy to goe on through all difficulties & temptations , til this blessed work be accomplished , for the honour of thy name , & glory of the Gospel of Iesus Christ : That when the heathen do know thée to be their God , and Iesus Christ to be their saluation , they may say , blessed be the king & Prince of England , & blessed be the English nation , and blessed for euer be the most high God , possessor of heauen & earth ▪ that sent them amongst vs : And heere O Lord we do vpon the knees of our harts offer thee the sacrifice of praise & thanksgiuing , for that thou hast moued our harts to vndertake the performance of this blessed work , with the hazard of our person and the hearts of so many hundreds of our nation to assist it with meanes & prouision , and with their holy praiers , Lord looke mercifully vpon them all , and for that portion of their substance which they willingly offer for thy honour & seruice in this action , recompence it to them and theirs , and reward it seuen fold into their bosomes with better blessings : Lord blesse England our sweet natiue countrey , saue it from Popery , this land scour heathenisme , & both from Atheisme . And Lord heate their praiers for vs , and vs for them , and Christ Iesus our glorious Mediator for vs all .

Amen .