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expert
Captaines
,
and
confirmed
both
and
praecedents
Luke 14.31 .
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ?
What king going to make warre with a forreine prince , sitteth not downe first , and taketh counsell , whether he be able with ten thousand , to meete him that commeth against him with twentie thousand ?
Cicer. offic. lib. 1. In rep. maximè conservanda sunt iura belli .
Ibidem . Sunt qui quod sentiunt , etsi optimum sit , tamen inuidiae metu non audent dicere .
excellent
Maiestie
.
1593
The excellencie of military prowesse . REi militaris virtus praestat ceteris omnibus ; haec nomen populo Romano , haec huic vrbi aeternam gloriam peperit ; haec orbem terrarum parere huic imperio coëgit . Omnes vrbanae res , omnia haec nostra praeclara studia , & haec forensis laus , & industria latent in tutela , & praesidio bellicae virtutis . Cic. pro Murena .
The necessity , & vse of armes . Magna imperia armis non ignauia tenentur . Tacit. Annal. 15.
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Pericles . Thucid. 1.
Without warres we cannot escape the malice of our enemies : and the more willing and readie we are to beginne , the lesse courage will our enemies haue to assaile vs , saith Pericles .
Inermes prouinciae cuicunque seruitio expositae , atque in pretium belli cessurae erant . Tacit . Annal. 17.
Such countries as are disarmed are exposed to bondage , and giuen as a spoile into the hands of the Conquerour .
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Xenophon . exped. Cyr. 3.
They that by skill and practise of armes ouercome their enemies , not only assure their owne estate , but also purchase that which the vanquished possesse .
Vae victis , sayde Brennus to the vanquished Romanes that went about to redeeme themselues with money , for all calamities accompanie those that are ouercome . Plutarch . in Camillo .
Omnia a a Liu. 5. What account is to be made of valiant captaines and souldiers . virorum fortium sunt . All things yeeld to valiant men .
Si omnes qui reip. consulunt , cari nobis esse debent : certè inprimis imperatores , quorum consilijs , virtute , periculis , retinemus & nostram salutem , & imperij dignitatem . Cic. de orat . lib. 2. If all those that care and haue the charge of the common wealth ought to be deare vnto vs : then especially ought our noble Captaines , by whose counsell , prowesse and perill , we mainteine the estate and honour of our countrey .
Salus publica in militibus . Lamprid. in vit. Alexand. Seuer .
The safetie of the state is committed to the hands of Souldiers .
Against such as for hope and desire of present peace , bring vpon the state a dangerous warre . Si Barbarorum est in diem viuere : nostra consilia sempiternum tempus spectare debent . Cic. de orat . lib. 2.
If barbarous nations onely respect the time present , it behoueth vs in our counsels to foresee , that by delayes we incurie no danger in time to come .
countries
and
states
cannot
rest
.
if
they
haue
no
enemies
abroade
,
yet
restles
heades
seeke
worke
at
home
.
that
desireth
peace
,
he
must
prepare
for
warres
.
and
long
preparatiues
of
warre
made
in
time
of
peace
,
giue
speedy
victorie
in
time
of
warres
.
men
doe
not
easily
prouoke
or
attempt
warres
againct
a
nation
or
countrey
,
that
is
ready
to
resist
,
&
prouided
to
prosecute
iniuries
.
for
those
that
endure
one
iniurie
,
doe
but
giue
courage
vnto
their
enemies
to
offer
an
other
.
enemie
desireth
somewhat
to
be
yelden
to
him
,
that
the
same
may
be
a
steppe
to
further
matters
.
that
riding
by
the
way
and
in
common
talke
,
his
most
common
argument
was
vpon
matters
of
warre
:
are
eyther
proclaymed
,
or
made
without
proclamation
.
although
associate
with
the
Athenians
,
yet
for
that
vnder
hand
hee
ayded
their
enemies
,
bought
it
deare
,
as
soone
as
his
doubling
came
to
be
espied
.
being
helde
of
the
Romanes
at
the
first
by
custome
,
at
length
grew
to
Art
,
&
was
administred
by
certaine
precepts
:
youth
did
learne
the
Arte
of
warre
by
practise
,
and
labour
in
the
field
.
albeit
his
practise
in
Armes
was
not
great
,
yet
by
reading
and
questioning
with
those
that
had
skill
,
he
grew
in
short
time
to
be
most
skilfull
.
Alphonsus
a
king
of
Spaine
confessed
,
that
by
bookes
he
learned
both
the
practise
,
and
lawes
of
armes
.
Frontinus
,
Vegetius
,
Liuy
,
Caesar
,
Xenophon
,
La
Noue
Nicholas
Machiauell
Robert
Valturius
Francis
Guicciardin
by
the
aduertisement
of
a
common
souldiour
wanne
a
strong
castle
in
Numidia
.
did
not
except
the
time
of
his
refection
,
or
when
he
tooke
his
rest
,
but
admitted
euery
man
,
that
could
giue
him
any
important
intelligence
,
to
his
speech
.
fell
into
the
traps
of
his
treason
;
and
doing
all
things
vpon
his
owne
head
,
without
admitting
any
relation
,
or
councell
of
others
,
was
defeated
by
the
Switzers
,
and
by
them
miserably
slaine
at
Nancy
.
Romanes
thought
it
their
best
course
in
their
most
dangerous
warres
,
to
returne
to
their
old
discipline
of
armes
;
and
if
coulde
not
ouercome
the
Numantins
;
nor
the
Parthians
,
before
they
had
setled
their
gouernement
according
to
the
ancient
practise
of
armes
:
forth
ten
legions
which
being
full
at
that
time
,
amounted
to
40000.
foote
beside
horsmen
?
Romanes
did
subdue
the
world
by
the
exercise
of
armes
,
and
their
orders
of
encamping
,
and
practise
of
warre
.
Neither
did
they
excell
the
Germanes
and
Danes
in
multitude
;
nor
the
Carthaginians
,
nor
kings
of
Macedonia
and
Asia
in
wealth
,
but
in
strict
obseruance
of
the
discipline
of
armes
.
Iosuah
,
Dauid
,
Iehosaphat
,
Iudas
Macabeus
the
warres
,
or
battels
of
the
Lord
,
that
the
Magistrate
carrieth
not
the
sword
in
vaine
.
Iohn
Baptist
be
a
man
that
feared
God
:
The
true
seruants
of
God
make
warres
,
that
the
wicked
may
be
restrained
,
and
goodmen
be
relieued
.
it
is
the
office
and
parte
of
iustice
by
warre
to
defend
our
country
from
the
enemy
,
our
confederates
,
and
such
as
by
reason
of
their
weakenes
neede
our
aide
,
from
spoylers
,
and
oppressors
.
If
the
cause
of
him
that
warreth
be
good
,
the
issue
cannot
be
euill
,
saith
Bernard
.
the
cause
,
as
it
is
good
or
euill
,
so
either
abateth
and
breaketh
,
or
whetteth
the
souldiors
courage
.
and
good
and
iust
causes
make
men
hope
ro
receiue
fauour
of
God
in
the
issue
,
and
triall
.
the
euent
oftentimes
is
according
to
the
iustice
,
and
qualitie
of
the
cause
seldome
do
they
returne
in
safety
,
that
go
forth
to
draw
their
swordes
in
euill
quarrels
.
Dionysius
the
Romanes
therefore
preuayled
for
the
most
part
,
for
that
they
enterprised
no
warres
without
iust
causes
.
which
accompted
that
iustly
gotten
,
which
they
could
winne
with
their
sworde
,
though
otherwise
very
valiant
,
receiued
many
great
foiles
.
Commines
)
Princes
when
they
list
to
quarrel
with
their
neighbors
,
pretend
honest
causes
,
although
oft
times
vntrue
.
Reason
teacheth
the
learned
,
and
custome
instructeth
all
nations
thus
much
,
which
euen
the
instinct
of
nature
printeth
in
wilde
and
sauage
beastes
,
that
it
is
lawfull
to
repell
force
offered
to
our
life
,
to
our
person
,
and
the
state
with
force
,
and
by
what
other
meanes
wee
can
.
that
warre
is
iust
,
whereto
we
are
inforced
,
and
with
good
cons●●nce
may
we
take
armes
,
when
there
is
no
safety
for
vs
,
but
in
armes
.
case
,
because
such
do
rise
and
assaile
vs
vpon
a
sodaine
,
the
law
of
nature
giueth
warrant
of
defence
without
publike
commandement
or
commission
.
is
made
after
demand
of
things
wrongfully
taken
,
&
vniustly
deteined
.
made
diuers
roades
vpon
the
Sabins
,
Volscians
,
Albans
and
others
their
neighbors
.
Tullus
Hostilius
taking
of
certaine
shippes
,
and
spoiling
of
certaine
Marchants
is
alledged
as
principall
.
for
a
loade
of
skinnes
taken
away
by
the
Countie
of
Romont
.
a
sodaine
roade
our
goodes
are
spoyled
,
or
driuen
away
,
and
deteined
from
vs
.
Romanes
warred
vpon
the
Hetruscians
&
diuers
of
their
neighbors
.
by
the
example
of
the
Romanes
,
and
Albans
,
it
is
not
iustice
nor
reason
,
further
to
prosecute
the
quarrel
begunne
.
it
seemeth
not
reason
to
prosecute
him
by
force
,
that
submitteth
himselfe
to
order
of
lawe
.
Samnites
,
receiued
a
notable
disgrace
being
by
composition
disarmed
to
saue
their
liues
at
the
streites
of
Caudium
:
and
Philip
of
Commines
Mithridates
,
for
that
by
one
generall
proclamation
he
had
caused
diuers
of
their
people
to
be
massacred
in
Asia
.
their
people
were
commaunded
out
of
the
Citie
at
the
time
of
their
publike
games
Caesar
vpon
conceit
of
some
wrong
offred
to
their
people
in
the
campe
of
the
Romanes
.
Gascoigne
,
Guienne
Gracchi
,
Saturninus
Iacke
Cade
,
Iacke
Strawe
,
Kette
,
hostes
legitimos
did
enioy
the
were
to
be
vsed
as
enemies
in
lawfull
warres
those
that
are
wronged
not
onely
may
,
but
ought
for
their
honors
sake
,
to
arme
in
defence
of
themselues
,
their
allyes
,
and
friends
,
and
to
helpe
their
associates
being
oppressed
.
Cicero
de
rep.
eyther
for
our
owne
defence
,
or
for
defence
of
our
friendes
,
whome
wee
are
bound
by
promise
to
helpe
.
charge
them
with
iniustice
,
that
repell
not
iniurie
,
when
they
are
able
those
that
doe
wrong
themselues
valiant
men
,
that
defend
their
countrey
from
barbarous
people
,
and
protect
the
weake
,
and
shielde
their
associates
from
such
as
would
spoyle
them
,
doe
the
office
of
true
iustice
.
for
defence
of
their
confederates
,
the
Romanes
receiued
this
reward
,
that
they
became
the
lordes
of
the
world
.
the
Romanes
had
no
other
cause
to
enterprise
the
warre
against
the
Samnites
,
but
for
the
defence
of
the
Campanians
,
which
were
vniustly
vexed
,
&
had
yeelded
themselues
into
their
protection
.
for
that
he
vexed
,
and
iniuried
their
confederates
in
Greece
.
the
forsaking
of
our
associates
&
friends
,
Sthenelaidas
the
Spartian
calleth
treason
,
and
disuadeth
the
Spartans
from
committing
any
such
offence
.
the
Romanes
were
accused
of
treason
,
for
that
they
abandoned
their
confederates
the
Saguntines
being
besieged
by
Annibal
.
least
all
his
associates
in
France
should
forsake
him
,
was
driuen
with
great
hazard
to
succour
his
friends
besieged
in
Gergouia
.
we
put
on
armes
eyther
being
deceiued
by
our
enemies
,
that
performe
not
promise
,
or
being
constreyned
.
vpon
occasion
of
breach
of
the
articles
of
peace
made
before
,
betwixt
his
father
,
and
them
:
cause
of
the
Peloponesian
warre
against
them
of
Athens
was
the
suspicion
and
feare
,
that
their
neighbours
had
of
their
power
and
greatnes
.
yet
that
cause
was
not
once
mentioned
.
Herein
consisted
the
speciall
commendation
of
the
great
wisedome
of
Laurence
Medici
the
elder
,
that
during
his
time
,
he
kept
all
the
states
of
Italy
,
as
it
were
in
equall
ballance
,
not
suffering
any
to
passe
their
ancient
limits
.
Holland
,
Zeland
euery
nation
is
neere
to
those
that
are
subdued
,
so
will
the
fire
once
enflamed
embrace
it
,
and
so
passe
ouer
to
the
rest
,
Sidicins
,
intended
to
warre
vpon
their
next
neighbours
the
Campanians
whosoeuer
adhereth
to
our
enemies
,
and
aideth
them
with
men
,
munitions
,
and
victuals
against
vs
,
they
are
also
our
enemies
,
and
giue
vs
iust
cause
of
warre
against
them
.
that
ayded
their
enemies
he
did
not
only
aide
the
Carthaginians
with
men
,
but
also
ioyned
with
Annibal
in
league
against
the
Romanes
.
The
Romanes
as
in
the
treatise
of
peace
they
comprised
their
owne
confederates
;
so
in
denouncing
of
warres
they
defied
their
enemies
,
and
their
associates
.
And
it
is
the
common
forme
of
defiances
vsed
at
this
day
.
As
for
warres
vndertaken
through
ambition
,
and
anger
,
and
such
like
affections
,
they
are
vniust
,
and
the
causes
vnlawfull
.
Gaules
,
Germanes
,
Danes
,
Gothes
,
Saxons
,
Picts
,
Danes
Franks
,
Burguignions
Carthaginians
,
Philip
,
Antiochus
,
Perseus
,
Him
that
beganne
any
braules
,
or
made
peace
with
forreine
nations
of
his
owne
priuate
head
,
Plato
in
his
common
wealth
adiudgeth
worthie
of
death
.
by
the
lawes
of
the
Romanes
were
in
case
of
treason
.
Marcellus
For
they
are
onely
to
be
accompted
publike
enemies
in
warre
,
who
by
those
that
haue
supreme
auctoritie
,
are
declared
enemies
.
If
any
vpon
priuate
motion
fall
on
spoyling
,
they
are
but
theeues
and
robbers
,
sayth
Vlpian
.
is
the
order
of
nature
best
agreeing
with
the
peace
of
states
,
that
the
councill
and
auctoritie
to
make
warres
should
rest
in
Princes
.
There
is
a
iustice
in
warres
to
be
obserued
,
sayth
Tully
,
which
iustice
requireth
,
that
warres
be
eyther
denounced
,
or
made
after
deniall
of
things
demaunded
,
that
haue
beene
vniustly
taken
from
vs
.
Caesar
minding
to
assayle
Ariouistus
,
sent
a
defiance
to
him
before
hand
Alphonsus
a
Castro
,
that
determineth
warres
against
heretikes
to
be
lawfull
,
which
he
taketh
to
be
defied
by
auctoritie
of
the
Canon
.
Baltazar
Aiala
that
faith
and
promise
is
not
to
be
performed
vnto
heretikes
.
Aulus
Gellius
The
desire
of
doing
hurt
,
and
crueltie
in
execution
:
a
mind
also
implacable
and
sauage
is
iustly
blamed
in
warres
saith
S.
Augustine
.
Cognac
,
an.
1569.
vpon
men
disarmed
after
composition
at
Mailè
,
Mucidan
,
&
diuers
other
places
during
these
late
troubles
of
France
?
Caesars
souldiers
at
Munda
in
Spaine
vnderstanding
,
that
if
the
Townesmen
sallyed
out
vpon
them
,
their
prisoners
would
charge
them
vpon
their
backes
,
were
forced
to
massacre
them
.
Women
,
children
,
and
old
folkes
,
by
the
orders
of
warre
obserued
nowe
in
the
Spanish
campe
are
exempted
from
the
souldiers
furie
,
in
the
sacke
of
Townes
.
that
those
warres
are
iust
and
lawfull
,
which
are
made
by
the
soueraigne
Magistrate
,
for
lawfull
and
iust
causes
,
being
both
orderly
denounced
in
cas●
requisite
,
&
moderatly
prosecuted
,
to
the
end
that
iustice
may
be
done
,
and
an
assured
peace
obteined
.
A
good
man
may
serue
vnder
a
sacrilegious
Prince
,
where
the
iniustice
of
the
commandement
shall
bind
the
Prince
,
as
the
duetie
of
obedience
doth
make
the
souldier
innocent
.
we
take
or
winne
from
the
enemie
,
that
is
iustly
ours
,
and
the
same
by
the
lawes
of
nations
is
accompted
lawfull
purchase
.
nothing
is
proper
by
nature
,
but
either
by
ancient
possession
,
and
seisine
,
or
victorie
,
sayth
Tully
.
the
landes
come
to
the
Prince
,
or
State
that
beareth
the
charge
,
to
dispose
at
their
pleasures
,
eyther
among
those
souldiers
by
whose
blood
they
were
wonne
,
or
els
after
they
be
rewarded
,
among
others
for
the
benefite
of
the
State
.
Alexander
Seuerus
the
Emperour
diuided
the
Countrey
bordering
on
the
enemie
on
the
souldiers
that
best
deserued
,
and
their
children
also
,
so
long
as
they
should
continue
in
seruice
there
.
Valerius
Coruinus
making
a
roade
into
Samnium
,
gaue
all
the
praye
to
his
souldiers
;
likewise
did
C.
Iunius
at
the
taking
of
Bouian
.
for
commonly
the
most
valiant
souldier
is
the
last
that
putteth
vp
his
sword
to
goe
to
spoile
.
Alexamenes
hauing
slaine
Nabis
,
and
being
entred
Sparta
,
while
he
minded
nothing
but
spoyle
,
suffered
the
enemies
to
gather
head
,
and
waxe
so
strong
,
that
they
cut
him
and
his
companie
in
pieces
.
Not
only
the
countrey
,
but
also
ships
of
warre
taken
from
the
enemie
,
belong
to
the
Prince
by
the
customes
of
Spaine
.
By
the
same
customes
the
King
hath
the
fifth
,
the
captaine
the
seuenth
part
,
the
souldiers
the
rest
.
Sancho
de
Lond.
Al'ausança de Francia & Castilla ( saith he ) el Reyno , la prouincia , & sennorio , el rey captiuo , la ciudad , ô villa es del rey , que ha exoedido empoderio . Del Generall que gana , es el que pierde , el puede rescatarle à su aluedrio . &c.
Volscians
being
forced
to
yeeld
,
so
soone
as
their
campe
was
taken
,
so
much
of
the
spoyles
as
belonged
to
the
Latines
,
or
Hernicans
,
was
restored
to
them
againe
by
the
Romanes
.
Camillus
hauing
recouered
Sutrium
out
of
the
handes
of
the
Hetruscians
the
same
day
that
it
was
taken
,
restored
the
same
againe
to
the
Citizens
.
The
goods
belonging
to
their
confederats
,
the
Romanes
did
commonly
except
out
of
the
spoyle
.
Scipio
restored
diuers
things
to
the
Sicilians
,
which
he
found
in
the
sacke
of
Carthage
,
and
had
beene
taken
from
them
.
ius
postliminij
.
which
belonged
to
prisoners
in
warre
,
ships
,
mules
,
carriage
horses
,
or
mares
.
Slaues
returning
or
recouered
,
are
to
be
restored
to
their
olde
masters
.
All
captiues
returning
from
the
enemie
,
recouer
their
auncient
libertie
and
right
.
Paulus
the
lawyer
sayth
,
that
when
a
Territory
is
recouered
from
the
enemie
,
the
landes
returne
to
their
proper
owners
:
and
so
the
Romanes
practised
in
the
restoring
of
Verrugo
,
Sutrium
,
and
diuers
other
Townes
to
the
Latines
,
Sabines
,
Campanians
and
others
,
hauing
recouered
them
out
of
the
enemies
hands
.
that
desireth
peace
,
must
be
armed
for
the
warres
,
and
prepared
,
and
those
obteine
their
right
soonest
,
that
are
prouided
to
winne
it
with
force
,
as
said
a
certaine
captaine
of
the
Latines
.
The
prouision
of
things
necessarie
is
to
be
made
long
before
,
if
thou
meanest
to
obteine
the
victorie
quickly
.
Vegetius
exhorteth
those
that
purpose
to
beginne
warres
,
carefully
to
weigh
and
consider
their
store
and
charges
.
the
sinewes
of
warre
so
an
army
that
is
not
mainteined
with
mony
,
is
easily
broken
,
&
dissolued
of
it selfe
.
store
doth
as
much
oft
times
sustaine
the
warres
,
as
force
.
Pericles
victory
is
furthered
in
warres
,
more
by
counsel
and
store
of
mony
,
then
violent
inuasion
.
Archidamus
warres
are
as
wel
administred
by
cost
&
expense
,
as
by
armes
,
and
that
armes
by
expenses
are
made
more
availeable
.
fought
with
siluer
lances
.
Tacius
the
Captaine
of
the
Sabins
for
gold
bought
the
Capitoll
of
Rome
.
corrupted
the
Celtiberians
,
&
made
them
shamefully
abandon
the
Romane
army
,
which
first
had
hired
them
,
and
afterward
was
ruinated
by
them
.
Demosthenes
,
must
be
prouided
,
and
without
it
nothing
can
be
atchiued
in
warres
in
order
.
Scythian
ouercame
Cyrus
and
Darius
expedition
of
Cyrus
preuailed
against
the
rich
Persians
.
army
of
Alexander
well
fenced
with
yron
ouercame
the
huge
Persian
army
,
that
was
so
rich
in
gold
and
siluer
.
Romans
armed
with
yron
&
steele
vanquished
the
armies
of
the
Samnites
,
and
of
Antiochus
,
that
glistered
in
gold
and
siluer
.
confessed
that
all
their
wealth
would
not
buy
the
spurres
of
Charles
his
horsemen
.
warres
in
this
case
haue
no
stint
,
nor
set
bounds
:
euery
acre
of
ground
of
a
country
subdued
,
they
imposed
an
annuall
rent
.
after
peace
made
with
the
Romanes
,
to
encounter
with
the
couetousnes
of
officers
,
restored
the
impostes
at
Carthage
to
their
olde
order
.
Philip
did
not
onely
increase
his
customes
,
but
deuised
new
,
for
the
maintenance
of
the
warres
.
purposing
to
go
into
Italy
with
a
supply
to
Annibals
army
,
laide
a
taxe
vpon
all
the
people
of
his
gouernement
.
priuate
men
voluntarily
lent
mony
so
fast
,
that
the
deputies
appoynted
to
receiue
it
,
could
not
dispatch
them
▪
so
that
by
this
meanes
the
Romanes
neyther
wanted
marriners
,
nor
pay
for
souldiers
.
appointing
what
euery
Iland
or
city
,
or
territory
should
pay
toward
the
charge
.
Hetruscians
subdued
by
Decius
did
not
only
pay
the
souldiers
stipend
for
one
yeere
;
but
were
constrained
to
furnish
euery
souldier
with
two
sutes
of
apparel
.
that
they
should
pay
the
Roman
army
for
a
yere
,
&
restore
that
which
they
had
taken
away
.
Cornificius
Scipio
after
the
victorie
obteined
against
Annibal
,
brought
into
Aemilius
Paulus
Furius
,
Heluius
,
Minutius
,
Cato
,
there
be
a
mightie
army
in
the
fielde
,
what
towne
or
countrey
is
not
willing
to
redeeme
the
fauour
of
it
?
women
were
prohibited
to
weare
diuers
coloured
garments
,
or
to
possesse
more
then
halfe
an
ounce
of
gold
.
no
man
should
vse
golden
vessel
about
his
meate
,
nor
that
men
should
be
defiled
with
silken
apparell
fraudulent
dealing
the
Romanes
punished
with
banishment
.
Afterward
such
faultes
were
punished
extraordinarily
.
and
not
onely
the
principals
were
punished
,
but
also
their
seruants
,
and
ministers
.
Philesius
and
Xanticles
Therfore
had
they
a
rich
treasury
in
the
greatest
pouerty
of
priuate
men
:
Annibal
by
calling
the
fraudulent
dealing
of
the
officers
in
question
Cato
in
his
time
complained
that
the
commonwealth
suffered
much
by
the
couetousnes
of
some
,
&
riotousnes
of
others
:
for
niggardise
could
not
find
in
his
hart
to
bestow
any
mony
vpon
his
souldiers
,
though
nothing
imported
him
more
.
Cartha
giniās
had
treasure
ready
at
newe
Carthage
in
Spaine
to
serue
them
in
their
warres
in
Spaine
.
Caesar
had
his
store
at
Nouiodunum
in
the
territory
of
the
Heduans
,
to
serue
him
in
his
warres
in
France
Sueuians
by
this
means
mainteined
a
hundred
thousand
men
which
euery
yeere
went
out
of
the
country
to
seeke
aduentures
Athens
,
Sparta
,
Argos
,
Thebes
,
Megara
,
Locri
,
Tarentum
,
Syracusae
,
Greece
,
Italy
,
Sicily
Carthage
,
made
their
prouision
at
Lilybeum
,
a
port
of
Sicile
,
looking
toward
Affrike
.
made
exceeding
great
prouision
of
armes
,
and
all
warrelike
furniture
in
Sicile
,
which
the
messengers
that
were
sent
to
view
his
proceeding
could
not
behold
without
admiration
.
there
was
infinit
prouision
,
and
2000.
workmen
that
wrought
continually
.
employed
them
in
making
of
armes
,
and
engins
of
warre
most
diligently
.
city
appointing
what
number
of
armes
&
weapons
should
be
made
.
Chalcis
Philips
storehouse
for
armes
were
burnt
,
also
priuate
men
had
armes
of
their
owne
.
Heluetians
before
they
began
to
march
into
France
,
prouided
store
of
carts
,
and
horses
,
and
draught
oxen
for
the
purpose
.
number
of
Camels
that
followed
the
armie
laden
with
all
prouision
,
and
other
carriages
;
Corbulo
coulde
not
haue
preuailed
against
the
Parthians
.
400.
wagons
laden
with
victuals
,
which
were
not
to
be
distributed
,
but
in
time
of
necessitie
.
warres
without
things
necessary
,
there
is
neither
vse
of
souldier
,
nor
captaine
.
He
that
prouideth
not
victuals
beforehand
is
ouercome
without
drawing
of
a
sword
.
Against
other
mischiefes
,
there
are
remedies
;
but
there
is
no
wrastling
against
hunger
.
souldiers
are
sterued
for
hunger
,
what
shall
we
do
?
that
without
supply
of
victuals
,
their
army
must
needes
dissolue
.
that
were
determined
to
retrayte
,
that
without
their
cariages
where
their
victuals
were
,
they
could
no
furth●r
doe
seruice
against
the
enemie
.
would
not
once
moue
towarde
the
enemie
,
before
he
had
his
prouision
with
him
.
Nor
would
he
resolue
to
besiege
any
towne
,
before
he
had
taken
order
for
sufficient
victuals
for
his
army
.
His
vse
was
to
deuide
victuals
to
euery
company
for
certaine
dayes
beforehand
.
The
garrison
townes
of
the
Romanes
were
furnished
with
wheat
,
vineger
,
bacon
,
barley
,
and
straw
,
for
a
yeere
beforehand
,
as
Capitolinus
sheweth
in
the
life
of
Gordian
.
Tacitus
,
that
they
might
be
stored
with
prouision
against
long
sieges
.
Hungry
souldiers
are
hardly
kept
within
the
compasse
of
lawes
.
their
forces
against
Annibal
,
they
chose
Clastidium
for
their
storehouse
Auuergne
brought
all
his
prouision
to
their
ships
of
victuals
to
discharge
at
Chios
in
their
warres
against
Antiochus
For
the
warres
of
Macedonia
they
made
their
prouision
in
Thessaly
Caesar
had
his
garners
in
conuenient
places
to
supply
his
army
in
his
warres
against
Pompey
.
Pompey
Asdrubal
entring
Spaine
caried
all
the
victuals
victuals
&
forrage
either
by
feare
,
or
force
.
Caesar
in
the
warres
with
the
Auuergnacs
vsed
10.
thousand
Heduans
to
this
purpose
remaine
vntaken
betwixt
him
and
his
victuals
.
in
the
warres
of
Carthage
out
of
Sicile
,
in
the
warres
of
Macedonia
out
of
Afrike
:
and
Caesar
in
his
warres
of
Belgium
was
furnished
from
Rheims
,
in
his
warres
with
the
Heluetians
,
from
the
Heduans
liuing
,
or
rather
spoyling
at
their
owne
discretion
,
in
few
dayes
doe
famish
a
countrey
.
sitting
downe
before
Nancy
without
sufficient
munitions
,
was
forced
to
rise
with
a
scorne
.
anno
1569.
two
ioyning
together
doe
more
easily
atchieue
matters
,
then
ech
man
single
by
himselfe
as
friends
and
confederates
are
no
lesse
the
strength
of
states
,
then
forces
and
treasure
.
Sabines
hearing
of
the
preparatiues
that
Seruius
Tullius
made
against
them
,
looke
out
what
forreine
ayde
they
mightadioyne
vnto
themselues
.
that
for
sparing
of
money
refused
the
ayde
of
thirtie
thousand
Gaules
offering
to
serue
him
against
the
Romanes
.
Liege
,
Charles
it
falleth
out
,
that
while
euery
man
looking
to
his
owne
present
safetie
suffereth
his
friendes
to
fight
single
,
all
are
ouercome
.
and
refusing
the
ayde
of
strangers
,
they
are
for
the
most
part
a
spoyle
vnto
the
enemie
.
they
found
great
aydes
in
the
countrey
,
some
also
beside
exspectation
.
In
this
as
in
other
points
,
to
distrust
,
is
a
great
point
of
wisedome
.
Tullius
Hostilius
For
although
hee
had
the
succours
of
the
Albans
with
him
,
yet
had
hee
force
sufficient
to
vanquish
his
enemis
without
them
.
that
came
in
ayde
of
Lewis
Sforza
solde
him
into
the
handes
of
Lewis
the
xij
,
at
Nouara
,
feining
them selues
fugitiues
in
the
warres
betwixt
the
Spaniards
and
the
Venetians
attempted
to
kill
Aluian
the
Venetian
Generall
.
Edward
the
third
by
seasing
of
Cherburg
for
pawne
,
assured
himselfe
of
the
king
of
Nauarres
loyall
dealing
.
The
same
both
procureth
friendes
,
&
●●inreineth
them
in
deuotion
.
Pausanias
and
〈◊〉
by
ruling
their
associates
with
rigour
,
and
extremitie
,
caused
them
to
●●e
part
the
Lacedemonian
armie
discontent
.
Spaniard
.
To
stand
aloofe
when
our
neighbours
require
ayde
,
is
a
course
neither
to
helpe
our
friendes
nor
hurt
our
enemies
.
Philip
should
waste
the
coast
of
Italy
with
his
Na●i●●
,
and
make
warre
vpon
the
Romanes
by
sea
and
land
,
Philip.
They
of
Locres
conditioned
with
Annibal
,
that
〈…〉
helpe
other
both
in
warre
,
and
peace
.
which
vpon
the
first
mouing
of
warres
,
called
all
the
people
according
to
the
tribes
or
diuisions
,
they
commit
the
matter
to
men
of
great
authoritie
and
wisdome
.
Caesar
Naples
Charles
the
8.
named
Montpensier
his
lieutenant
in
respect
of
nobilitie
,
rather
then
sufficiencie
:
Lewis
the
12.
in
his
warres
of
Lombardy
,
made
Chaumont
his
minion
Generall
of
his
forces
.
Lewis
Sforsa
Galeaz
Sanseuerin
,
a
man
of
small
desert
.
Leo
Lorence
Medici
What
reason
therefore
haue
Princes
to
chuse
weake
men
Gouernours
of
greatest
matters
in
warres
,
seeing
as
in
Sea
causes
men
in
greatest
dangers
are
woont
to
make
choyse
of
most
skilfull
Masters
and
Pilots
?
Or
what
impudencie
is
it
for
a
man
to
take
charge
of
a
Shippe
,
that
cannot
see
,
but
by
others
eyes
,
nor
iudge
,
but
by
others
direction
?
And
why
not
likewise
may
they
be
accompted
shamelesse
,
that
take
vpon
them
the
charge
of
mens
liues
,
and
goodes
,
which
haue
no
iudgement
,
but
by
others
report
and
direction
?
And
more
shall
an
armie
of
Harts
doe
,
guided
by
a
Lyon
,
then
an
armie
of
Lyons
ledde
by
a
fearefull
Hart.
Caesars
The
Romanes
vnder
the
leading
of
C.
Martius
Coriolanus
ouercame
the
Volscians
,
when
the
same
man
exiled
vpon
displeasure
against
his
Countrey
,
tooke
on
him
to
leade
the
Volscians
,
they
diuers
times
preuailed
against
the
Romanes
.
yet
the
Romanes
preuailed
by
the
good
direction
of
their
Generall
Fabius
,
whose
gouernment
was
such
,
that
all
men
confessed
Liuy
reporteth
)
that
what
side
soeuer
should
haue
had
him
for
their
leader
,
the
same
must
needes
haue
preuailed
.
that
they
were
ouercome
onely
by
the
skill
of
Pyrrhus
,
more
then
by
the
force
of
his
armie
.
Spaine
,
although
otherwise
much
to
be
esteemed
,
because
he
knewe
their
Generals
Petreius
&
Afranius
,
to
be
men
of
no
merite
,
nor
skill
.
Medina
Sidonia
which
they
began
in
Gods
name
seeing
the
Greekes
did
seldome
attempt
any
dangerous
seruice
,
but
their
captaines
first
consulted
with
their
gods
?
Cicero
doeth
attribute
the
good
successe
which
the
Romanes
had
in
their
warres
,
to
the
religious
care
they
had
of
the
obseruance
of
holy
ceremonies
,
and
religion
.
Caesar
Borgia
whom
the
same
is
more
respected
,
then
all
other
morall
vertues
.
C.
Fabritus
Cornelius
a
man
rauinous
,
but
very
expert
in
warre
,
might
be
chosen
Consull
,
or
Generall
,
declareth
that
the
skill
and
experience
of
a
valiant
Captaine
couereth
other
faultes
.
to
knowe
howe
to
marche
,
or
lodge
safely
;
howe
to
fight
with
aduantage
,
where
to
employe
horsemen
,
where
shotte
,
where
other
sortes
of
weapons
,
and
to
vnderstand
the
aduantages
of
all
sortes
of
groundes
:
he
hought
to
vnderstand
the
times
when
to
fight
,
and
advantages
of
weather
,
and
Sunne
:
he
ought
not
to
be
ignorant
of
any
stratageme
of
warre
,
nor
of
treaties
and
conditions
of
truce
,
or
peace
:
Iulius
Caesar
sitting
still
in
his
Tent
in
his
campe
at
Ruspina
,
hee
knewe
what
the
enemie
would
doe
,
or
could
doe
,
and
prescribed
what
was
to
be
done
against
him
:
And
deigned
not
to
looke
out
,
when
Scipio
made
shewe
to
assault
his
campe
.
that
being
chosen
General
for
the
warres
in
Macedonia
,
his
minde
was
wholy
bent
on
that
seruice
,
Captaines
in
warres
must
looke
both
forward
and
backward
,
and
euery
way
whence
any
danger
,
or
aduantage
is
toward
.
For
in
warres
euery
error
in
mortall
courage
,
and
speede
to
execute
that
which
is
wisely
determined
.
Domitius
had
no
sooner
determined
with
himselfe
to
flie
away
from
Corfinium
,
but
the
souldiers
lost
courage
.
The
cowardise
of
Crassus
the
rich
,
gaue
occasion
to
the
great
ouerthrowe
,
which
the
Romanes
had
giuen
them
by
the
Parthians
.
The
faint
heart
of
Titurius
Sabinus
,
charged
by
Ambiorix
,
made
his
souldiers
faint
.
Iugurtha
is
by
Salust
Valerius
Coruinus
that
they
should
imitate
not
his
wordes
,
but
his
deedes
,
and
do
as
they
sawe
him
to
giue
them
an
example
.
The
Romanes
folowed
Cato
through
the
drye
and
hotte
sandes
of
Barbary
,
Warres
are
to
bee
gouerned
not
by
crueltie
,
but
by
iustice
.
When
Pausanias
in
the
Peloponnesian
warre
dealt
rigorously
with
his
associats
Nothing
doth
more
stirre
vp
valiant
minds
,
then
great
honors
.
man
bestoweth
labor
where
he
looketh
for
profit
,
and
reward
.
the
highest
places
and
honors
were
giuen
to
valiant
men
for
their
vertue
and
prowesse
,
not
to
cowards
for
their
nobilitie
,
or
gentry
.
by
their
liberalitie
made
their
souldiers
forward
in
labour
and
danger
.
Publicola
,
Valerius
Menenius
Agrippa
with
his
great
liberality
had
his
souldiers
so
obsequent
,
that
in
those
ciuill
warres
,
which
he
had
against
Pompey
and
others
,
few
or
none
could
be
allured
by
any
promises
to
forsake
him
,
whereas
infinite
of
the
enemies
did
daily
reuolt
,
and
flie
vnto
him
.
serue
him
to
make
all
things
more
saleable
,
Annibal
,
for
that
through
couetousnes
he
fell
to
spoile
his
associats
,
did
alienate
al
their
good
willes
.
Perseus
Galba
the
emperour
might
haue
reteined
the
good
wil
of
his
souldiers
with
any
small
cost
,
or
expense
bestowed
vpon
them
:
Germanicus
with
his
care
for
his
souldiers
,
and
his
courteous
speech
bound
them
to
loue
him
.
The
sauage
mindes
of
mutins
are
oftentimes
mitigated
with
faire
wordes
faire
woman
to
her
husband
Allucius
who
when
his
citizens
did
feast
,
&
riot
,
walked
soberly
about
the
wall
of
Thebes
,
to
see
that
the
enemy
made
no
attempt
against
the
city
.
Cales
was
taken
while
the
citizens
lay
drunken
in
a
solemne
feast
.
Troy
.
Marcellus
Turkes
took
Zeresana
a
strong
town
in
Sclauony
vpon
Shrouetuesday
at
night
,
when
the
townesmen
after
their
maner
of
their
carneuall
being
drunke
,
were
carelesse
and
secure
.
and
whose
acquittances
are
extant
in
their
Eschequer
.
C.
Fabritius
Mutius
Sceuola
C.
Caesar
in
his
actions
was
most
consideratiue
,
in
hazard
and
danger
most
resolute
,
in
executions
speedy
,
oppressing
his
enemies
oft
times
before
the
newes
of
his
comming
were
heard
,
painfull
in
labour
,
in
dangers
watchfull
,
in
diet
sober
,
a
liberall
rewarder
of
valiant
men
,
a
good
iusticer
where
neede
required
:
if
al
his
vertues
were
in
a
Generall
,
what
should
be
wanting
beside
religion
?
Camillus
,
Valer.
Coruinus
,
〈◊〉
Scipio
,
that
in
parsimony
,
watching
and
labours
hee
contended
to
passe
the
common
●ouldiers
.
Affrike
he
by
his
patience
,
and
example
shewed
what
others
were
to
do
.
courage
in
fight
,
skil
in
incamping
,
and
taking
the
aduantage
of
the
ground
.
Night
and
day
he
broke
the
enemies
purposes
,
oft
by
counsel
,
sometime
by
force
,
in
diet
&
apparel
he
was
moderate
,
&
scarce
could
you
know
him
from
a
common
souldier
,
comparable
with
antiquitie
,
if
couetousnes
had
not
blemished
or
rather
defaced
his
other
vertues
.
who
being
captaine
the
Romanes
were
ouercome
at
sea
in
the
first
wars
with
Carthage
,
was
a
contemner
of
religion
,
ignorant
of
matters
of
warre
,
simple
and
cowardly
.
Flaminius
Ordeonius
that
was
ouerthrowne
by
the
Germans
,
being
in
danger
,
like
a
sluggish
beast
took
his
bed
,
and
did
thence
giue
foorth
such
direction
,
as
made
most
for
the
enemy
.
warres
are
managed
by
wisedome
,
value
,
and
experience
,
and
not
by
fauour
,
nobilitie
,
nor
great
countenance
.
Henry
de
Valois
Cossè
,
Tauanes
,
Martigues
,
Carnaualet
,
Losses
,
although
the
Generals
themselues
were
men
of
worth
,
and
great
experience
:
Before
any
enterprise
be
begunne
,
it
is
wisedome
to
consult
,
and
after
consultation
speedily
to
execute
.
It
is
neuer
good
to
presume
vpon
the
enemies
disorders
,
as
if
they
would
take
an
euil
course
,
but
wee
ought
to
consider
and
foresee
in
counsell
,
all
that
may
happen
,
as
if
they
did
all
that
which
they
ought
to
doe
,
legates
,
lieutenants
,
or
counsellors
assistant
vnto
them
,
to
giue
counsell
and
to
speede
such
matters
,
as
were
committed
vnto
them
,
L.
Furius
When
Commius
,
Virdumarus
,
Eporedorix
,
and
Vergasillaunus
were
made
Generalles
of
that
army
which
the
Gaules
sent
against
Caesar
,
they
had
also
certaine
wise
men
assigned
to
them
out
of
euery
state
,
by
whose
counsell
they
were
to
proceede
in
the
administration
of
the
warres
.
Gaules
,
he
set
downe
in
counsell
howe
euery
thing
shoulde
bee
perfourmed
.
if
good
successe
ensued
,
seeing
all
thing
were
doone
by
order
,
and
deliberation
.
Ser.
Galba
asked
aduise
,
what
euery
man
thought
best
to
be
done
in
that
case
.
calling
his
counsell
about
him
after
his
comming
into
Affrike
,
deliberated
how
to
proceed
in
his
matters
.
Asdrubal
,
he
called
his
chiefe
men
to
counsell
.
Xenophon
,
to
heare
those
that
brought
good
intelligence
,
gaue
order
,
that
his
familiars
should
awake
him
if
he
were
on
sleepe
.
He
refused
not
to
heare
the
counsel
of
any
priuate
souldier
Guicciard
.
lib.
1.
This
lightnes
Caesar
noteth
in
the
Gaules
;
&
the
Senate
of
Rome
with
great
grauitie
reprooued
,
where
they
shew
,
that
the
Senate
might
not
determine
matters
vpon
rumours
of
priuate
men
,
that
lightly
proue
counterfeit
.
Aemilius
Paulus
Guicciardine
noteth
it
in
the
counsell
Guicciard
.
lib.
1.
of
Charles
the
8.
of
France
.
Guicciar.
lib.
16.
5.
Philip
Comines
reporteth
that
Lewis
the
xj
.
of
France
bestowed
16.
thousand
Duckets
in
pension
vpon
the
English
that
followed
Edward
the
4.
into
France
,
England
,
against
France
in
the
dayes
of
Henry
the
8.
the
Cardinal
and
others
would
not
agree
,
before
that
the
Emperour
Charles
had
giuen
them
caution
for
the
paiment
of
20.
thousand
Duckets
pension
,
which
they
receiued
of
the
French
king
,
and
were
loth
to
loose
,
howsoeuer
the
common
wealth
might
gaine
by
it
.
Wherefore
,
as
it
is
vnnaturall
and
monstrous
for
one
body
to
haue
two
heads
,
so
it
is
inconuenient
,
for
an
army
to
be
encumbred
with
diuers
heads
of
contrary
disposition
.
The
soueraine
commandement
of
one
is
a
helpe
and
meanes
to
dispatch
matters
quickly
,
to
take
opportunities
,
and
vse
the
time
of
warre
.
yet
where
they
proceeded
orderly
,
the
one
gaue
place
to
the
other
Those
three
captaines
that
besieged
Veij
hauing
all
equal
power
may
be
a
document
vnto
vs
,
how
vnprofitable
the
commandement
of
diuers
Generals
is
,
for
the
gouernment
of
warres
.
By
the
discorde
of
the
captaines
while
one
refused
to
succour
an
other
,
the
Romanes
were
foyled
before
Veij
.
The
originall
of
all
the
disorders
that
fell
out
in
the
army
of
the
Protestants
in
Germany
,
and
of
the
victorie
of
Charles
the
fift
The
French
were
driuen
out
of
the
kingdome
of
Guicciar.
lib.
3.
Naples
by
a
small
force
,
by
reason
of
the
dissention
of
the
captaines
Montpensier
and
Percy
.
but
that
the
captaines
of
the
aduerse
army
did
weaken
their
force
by
their
owne
disagreement
.
For
while
Bartholomew
Aluian
which
was
one
of
their
Generals
determined
to
fight
commanded
by
land
,
and
Philippin
Doria
by
sea
:
the
siege
of
Naples
was
discontinued
,
&
the
towne
victualled
,
which
happened
by
reason
of
the
dissention
of
the
Generals
.
were
furnished
with
all
things
necessary
,
euen
to
their
mules
,
tentes
,
and
carriages
.
as
appeareth
by
the
commission
giuen
to
Octauius
Caesar
,
that
afterward
was
called
Augustus
to
resist
the
attempts
of
the
Heluetians
,
which
threatned
to
passe
through
the
Prouince
of
France
subiect
to
the
Romanes
,
leuied
as
many
men
,
as
he
could
,
in
his
gouernement
.
Fuluius
procured
what
helpe
hee
could
of
his
subiectes
,
and
associates
.
Afrike
,
Caesar
in
France
,
Sylla
The
defence
of
the
Prouince
,
and
their
friendes
both
against
seditious
mutins
,
and
foreine
inuasion
was
likewise
committed
vnto
them
,
and
per
consequent
,
power
giuen
them
to
leuy
power
,
and
vse
all
meanes
for
the
maintenance
of
their
associats
,
and
for
the
gouernment
and
execution
of
warres
,
without
which
they
could
not
be
defended
.
Corbulo
was
sent
by
Nero
against
the
Parthians
and
partly
by
the
wordes
of
Fabius
perswading
the
Romanes
to
chuse
a
captaine
equall
to
Annibal
,
a
leader
(
sayth
hee
)
of
great
authoritie
by
reason
of
his
continuance
,
and
not
restrained
by
any
limitation
of
times
,
or
lawes
so
,
but
that
he
might
doe
all
things
,
according
as
opportunites
of
warre
should
require
.
Those
captaines
that
haue
absolute
authoritie
,
and
are
free
from
impediments
,
and
haue
power
ouer
things
and
times
,
doe
worke
great
effectes
with
their
counsels
.
Guicciard
.
lib.
17.
that
they
should
proceede
according
to
the
varietie
of
times
,
and
occasions
notwithstanding
any
thing
in
them
conteined
.
Guicciard
.
lib.
3.
Triuultio
although
by
his
directions
,
he
was
first
to
haue
care
of
the
affaires
of
Genoa
:
yet
doubted
not
to
take
Bosco
,
a
fit
place
in
the
territory
of
Alexandira
.
were
rather
Guicci
.
ard
.
lib.
5.
remembrances
,
then
precepts
to
be
followed
.
Trimoille
Guicciar.
lib.
5.
peace
&
compounded
with
them
,
although
he
had
no
commssion
so
to
doe
.
Romane
Dictator
,
although
he
had
great
aucthoritie
,
and
could
determine
matters
of
life
and
death
without
appeale
:
yet
did
not
hee
execute
or
iudge
any
,
but
by
the
lawes
of
Armes
.
Finally
the
General
,
whatsoeuer
his
commission
is
,
may
not
deale
fraudulently
in
his
charge
,
nor
proceede
contrary
to
militarie
profession
,
and
practise
:
in
which
case
euery
Generall
is
subiect
to
the
lawe
execution
of
warres
and
to
those
to
whom
he
shal
commit
it
Romanes
,
Greekes
,
Persians
L.
Martius
But
if
the
state
or
crowne
come
in
question
,
as
in
the
warres
betwixt
Henry
the
7.
and
Richard
the
3.
betwixt
Otho
,
and
Vitellius
:
Vitellius
and
Vespasian
,
then
is
the
Princes
presence
required
in
the
armie
.
Gaston
de
Fois
Vegetius
,
none
was
made
tribune
,
or
colonel
,
but
such
as
had
lead
a
companie
of
olde
souldiers
before
.
Hadrian
the
Emperour
expresly
forbade
beardles
youthes
to
aspire
to
that
charge
.
Alexander
in
his
expedition
against
Darius
,
made
choise
of
such
for
captaines
of
thousands
,
as
for
their
continuance
in
his
fathers
seruice
,
had
their
haire
graye
,
and
their
iudgement
ripe
.
Among
the
Romanes
the
Tribune
office
was
,
in
seeing
to
the
defences
of
the
campe
,
placing
of
gards
,
setting
the
watch
,
keeping
the
souldiers
in
order
,
exercising
them
,
going
the
round
,
leading
forth
the
souldiers
to
fetch
in
prouision
,
seeing
the
souldiers
victuals
to
be
holsom
,
hearing
of
the
complaints
of
souldiers
,
correcting
smaller
faultes
,
looking
to
th
sicke
&
hurt
,
prouiding
for
them
,
&
taking
their
othes
at
their
first
entrance
.
honors
are
to
be
departed
according
vnto
mens
deserts
,
not
wonne
by
ambitious
suite
;
by
labour
,
not
by
letters
,
&
request
:
And
writing
to
Caesar
in
the
fauour
of
Trebatius
,
he
sheweth
,
the
such
places
were
sometimes
graunted
of
fauour
but
seldome
without
desert
.
that
he
sold
the
places
of
captains
,
and
other
romes
,
and
inferiour
offices
,
at
the
request
of
his
scribes
,
and
slaues
.
Caesar
that
they
had
gotten
those
places
for
fauour
without
desert
.
The
places
of
colonels
were
sometime
giuen
by
the
people
of
Rome
,
but
most
commonly
,
&
with
greatest
reason
,
by
the
Generals
.
that
he
might
bestow
those
places
vpon
men
of
greatest
worth
and
merite
:
which
said
he
,
is
for
the
honour
also
,
and
profite
of
the
common
wealth
.
and
by
them
aduanced
for
their
vertue
.
Caesar
Vegetius
doubted
not
to
place
both
the
strength
of
the
Romane
army
Pedius
Blaesus
for
this
cause
was
ignominiously
put
out
of
the
Senate
are
taxed
by
Tacitus
,
as
doing
a
thing
rare
,
and
not
tollerable
eyther
for
choosing
,
or
dismissing
of
souldiers
.
one
that
made
his
sonne
vnable
to
serue
in
the
warres
,
was
banished
his
countrey
.
Athenians
,
that
lamented
the
losse
of
their
goods
,
and
not
of
mens
persons
,
hee
was
swift
of
foote
it
is
bettet
to
haue
stout
and
strong
,
then
huge
and
big
souldiers
.
men
burdened
with
flesh
can
neither
endure
labour
,
nor
hurts
,
a
vigorous
and
present
mind
,
and
that
he
be
not
afraide
of
danger
,
nor
drawen
swordes
:
Those
that
are
most
obedient
to
lawes
,
prooue
for
the
most
part
most
valiant
against
the
enemy
.
is
no
vse
said
Clearchus
of
an
army
that
is
riotous
more
desirous
of
praise
than
of
gaine
.
Such
doth
Xenophon
report
Cyrus
his
souldiers
that
followed
him
against
Artaxerxes
to
haue
beene
.
while
they
are
ashamed
to
fly
,
win
the
victory
,
&
win
to
themselues
the
reputation
of
good
souldiers
.
great
cutters
&
hackers
,
in
the
streets
of
London
,
are
seldome
great
hackers
of
the
enemy
.
although
the
Spartans
and
Romanes
refused
such
for
souldiers
husbandmen
for
the
most
part
,
and
those
that
can
sufferraine
,
heate
,
and
cold
,
and
vse
to
fare
hard
,
and
lie
hard
,
and
sleepe
little
prooue
braue
men
.
Romanes
,
Athenians
Athenians
when
they
came
to
military
yeares
that
they
would
fight
for
their
country
.
I
will
not
dishonour
the
profession
of
armes
,
I
wil
not
forsake
my
Captaine
,
I
will
fight
for
the
religion
,
and
lawes
of
my
countrey
,
in
array
and
alone
:
I
will
saile
whither
I
shall
be
appoynted
;
I
will
obey
lawes
and
not
suffer
them
to
be
abrogated
:
I
will
obserue
the
religion
of
my
countrey
,
and
so
let
God
helpe
me
and
defend
me
.
Gellius
more
worth
them
6.
d.
that
they
should
not
fly
away
for
feare
,
nor
go
out
of
their
aray
,
vnles
it
were
to
take
vp
a
weapon
,
or
to
strike
the
enemy
,
or
to
saue
their
companion
.
Marc.
Flauolenus
took
,
as
the
Romanes
were
to
ioyne
battel
with
the
Samnites
being
oftentimes
foyled
by
the
Romanes
that
they
would
folow
wheresoeuer
their
captains
did
leade
them
,
and
that
neyther
themselues
would
flie
out
of
the
field
,
nor
suffer
others
to
flie
,
but
would
kill
them
presently
:
they
cursed
themselues
,
their
family
,
and
linage
.
Aemilius
Paulus
Duke
of
Alua
went
about
to
reforme
diuers
disorders
in
the
Spanish
souldiers
Que
todos
los
soldados
despues
de
ser
elegidos
por
sus
capitanes
,
con
las
circumstantias
que
en
tal'election
se
requiere
al
tiempo
de
ser
admitidos
por
los
officiales
del
sueldo
con
iuramento
solenne
se
obliguen
a
seruir
bien
y
fielmente
a
su
magd
,
y
a
sus
capitanes
generales
,
a
obedescer
a
todos
sus
superiores
,
a
no
partir
se
del'exercito
,
ni
de
sus
compannias
sin
licencia
en
escrito
de
quien
se
la
pudiere
dar
.
Their
handes
are
saleable
,
their
heartes
faithlesse
.
It
is
follie
and
want
of
iudgement
to
put
trust
in
strangers
beeing
more
in
number
,
and
strength
then
our
owne
nation
.
abandoned
by
the
Spanish
and
Numidian
horsemen
was
greatly
weakened
.
were
inuincible
so
long
as
they
vsed
their
owne
souldiers
.
The
Gaules
reuolted
from
the
Romanes
,
because
they
saw
no
strength
in
the
Romane
army
,
but
that
which
was
of
strangers
.
Prospero
Colonna
3.
Rich.
2.
Hen.
Gaules
in
the
2.
wars
with
Carthage
,
flew
the
watch
of
the
Romanes
by
night
,
&
fled
,
&
ioyned
themselues
with
Annibal
.
Romans
betrayed
by
their
associats
Gaules
hired
by
the
Hetruscians
,
carried
away
their
mony
without
doing
anie
seruice
against
the
Romanes
.
to
manage
the
Guicciar.
lib
9.
Switzers
without
infinit
treasure
Dutch
calling
for
mony
when
they
should
fight
,
They
are
not
reteined
by
affection
nor
regard
promise
,
and
shame
not
to
flye
to
saue
their
skinnes
.
Lewis
Sforza
poore
Duke
for
Crownes
Laurence
Medici
Frances
Maria
it
was
better
to
be
without
Switzers
,
then
to
haue
them
.
the
Prince
in
distrust
with
his
subiects
without
cause
.
Such
men
in
time
past
were
thought
to
haue
tyrannical
conceirs
,
&
wish
The
slow
prouision
of
money
was
the
cause
likewise
of
the
rashe
enterprise
,
and
ouerthrow
of
the
French
at
the
Guiccia
.
14.
Bicock
in
Lombardy
.
The
miserable
niggardise
,
and
slow
dispatch
of
the
Cardinall
San.
Malo
Treasurer
to
Charles
the
8.
of
France
,
which
deferd
necessary
paymentes
beyond
all
reason
,
set
all
the
affaires
of
the
French
in
the
kingdome
of
Naples
in
disorder
,
as
Guicciardin
testifieth
,
A
very
slowe
Guicciar.
li.
3.
marche
it
is
,
that
souldiers
without
pay
doe
make
.
Guicciardin
Contrariwise
due
pay
doeth
binde
the
souldiers
hearts
to
the
Generall
,
as
Liuy
declareth
in
the
example
of
Annibal
.
With
their
pay
they
finde
them selues
victuals
,
clothes
,
armes
:
with
the
same
they
succour
them selues
in
sickenes
,
and
when
they
are
hurt
.
Porsena
when
the
pay
day
came
Tresurers
to
attend
on
the
Generall
,
and
to
pay
the
army
.
That
Generals
should
then
attend
the
pleasure
of
Tresurers
was
as
a
thing
monstrous
in
nature
.
that
the
ornaments
of
gold
,
and
siluer
which
Numa
Pompilius
had
consecrate
,
should
be
made
into
money
,
that
they
might
be
payd
.
Marius
.
When
the
common
wealth
of
Rome
had
no
mony
,
the
charge
was
layd
vpon
rich
men
Alexandrians
in
the
warres
against
Caesar
,
by
assigning
to
euery
man
of
abilitie
certaine
souldiers
to
be
kept
,
mainteined
the
warres
against
him
.
Athenians
,
Thebans
,
Samnites
,
Aequians
,
Volscians
,
Hernicans
,
Sabines
,
Territory
of
Rome
was
not
the
third
part
of
England
in
bignesse
,
yet
did
the
same
mainteine
one
army
against
the
Samnites
,
another
in
a
contrary
quarter
against
the
Hetruscians
,
and
the
third
at
home
against
such
of
their
neighbours
,
as
were
not
perfectly
to
be
trusted
.
pay
of
the
Romanes
was
for
euery
day
a
piece
of
money
which
they
called
Denarium
,
for
that
it
conteined
decemasses
.
Denarius
Romanus
,
Athenian
Drachma
,
that
the
garrison
of
Potidaea
had
euery
man
one
Drachma
for
himselfe
mainteined
his
souldiers
,
by
the
contribution
of
the
cities
of
Hellespont
,
where
they
lay
.
that
for
that
yeere
he
needed
neither
prouision
,
nor
pay
.
for
the
victorie
gaue
his
armie
sufficient
.
Guicciar.
lib.
6.
Guicciardin
shewerh
it
by
the
confusion
that
was
in
the
French
army
at
Gariglian
,
by
the
default
and
fraude
of
the
kings
Officers
for
pay
Scipio
paide
his
souldiers
in
Spaine
,
euery
man
receiued
himselfe
his
due
paye
,
man
by
man
.
Hetruscians
,
who
stoode
by
while
euery
man
receiued
his
stipend
.
Guicciardin
that
the
Kings
souldiers
were
payed
by
the
kings
Officers
,
and
not
as
the
Italian
vse
was
,
by
the
Captaines
.
euery
souldier
according
to
the
moster
roll
Before
Pauy
the
French
king
Francis
had
not
halfe
the
number
of
souldiers
that
were
vpon
his
moster
bookes
,
which
was
the
principall
cause
of
the
ruine
of
the
army
,
and
of
the
taking
of
the
king
,
as
Guicciardin
affirmeth
.
that
the
meanes
to
ouercome
,
was
to
vse
their
full
strength
a
Consulare
army
9000.
Spaniards
Lacedaemonians
so
long
as
they
sent
small
numbers
of
men
against
the
Athenians
,
could
doe
no
good
against
them
,
but
did
hurt
to
themselues
a
sufficient
force
doeth
not
only
worke
greater
effect
,
but
also
is
lesse
chargeable
,
then
warres
made
by
these
slender
supplies
.
Cato
.
Scipio
Sixteene
yeres
did
Annibal
maintaine
warres
in
Italy
,
at
the
charge
of
that
Countrey
almost
without
supplie
of
men
,
or
money
from
Carthage
.
France
,
Caesar
France
,
Flanders
The
first
day
he
caused
all
his
regiments
to
runne
in
array
and
order
of
battell
4.
miles
:
the
second
day
he
appointed
euery
man
to
make
his
armes
cleane
and
fit
:
the
third
day
he
caused
them
to
diuide
themselues
into
two
partes
,
and
in
order
of
battel
to
fight
the
one
against
the
other
with
cudgels
,
and
blunt
dartes
.
Afrike
.
He
caused
his
souldiers
in
order
of
battel
to
march
and
runne
armed
,
Volscians
hauing
bin
oftentimes
foyled
by
the
Romanes
,
and
determining
to
set
vp
their
rest
,
tooke
great
care
in
arming
and
exercising
their
men
,
as
if
that
were
the
onely
meanes
to
harten
and
harden
their
souldiers
.
Sempronius
by
exercising
his
young
souldiers
,
taught
them
to
followe
their
ensignes
,
and
keepe
rankes
both
standing
,
and
fighting
in
array
of
battell
,
and
obteined
by
them
diuers
victories
against
the
enemie
.
Tullus
Hostilius
Statorius
the
Romane
teaching
the
souldiers
of
Syphax
to
followe
their
leaders
Grecian
,
for
that
hee
was
skilfull
in
ordering
of
men
,
and
teaching
them
to
fight
in
armes
.
tha
although
when
they
first
come
into
France
they
haue
small
skill
,
yet
with
exercise
they
first
come
into
France
they
haue
small
skill
,
yet
with
exercise
they
become
good
souldiers
:
Romanes
,
exercised
his
souldiers
at
all
idle
times
,
albeit
many
of
them
were
expert
in
warres
.
By
these
exercises
such
as
the
enemie
wondred
at
Coruinus
the
Romane
captaine
in
his
youth
,
in
these
exercises
was
equall
to
the
best
.
By
this
exercise
they
were
made
able
to
carry
beside
their
armes
,
halfe
a
moneths
victuals
,
and
certaine
stakes
.
Romane
youthes
learned
first
to
vse
the
target
,
or
shield
and
sword
,
(
for
that
was
their
most
common
armes
,
)
and
howe
with
slent
blowes
to
breake
the
force
of
their
enemies
weapons
,
or
dartes
.
without
which
armes
haue
no
vse
There
is
certainely
nothing
more
beautifull
in
the
eyes
of
friendes
,
then
an
armie
set
in
order
,
neither
is
any
thing
more
fearefull
to
the
enemie
.
The
Venetians
making
reckoning
of
the
trayned
men
of
their
state
(
which
are
such
like
,
as
ours
are
)
were
abused
and
ouerthrowen
.
And
euill
were
the
Florentines
apaid
,
trusting
in
their
trayned
souldiers
.
A
small
companie
of
olde
beaten
souldiers
,
is
better
then
a
multitude
of
people
without
knowledge
,
and
experience
of
warres
.
Latines
and
Hetruscians
seeing
the
Romanes
range
their
countrey
in
no
great
number
,
came
foorth
by
multitudes
against
them
,
thinking
to
swallowe
them
vp
.
But
the
first
were
no
sooner
slaine
,
then
the
rest
fled
.
500.
olde
souldiers
put
all
the
rascall
route
of
Tacfarinas
in
Affrike
to
flight
had
thought
to
haue
cut
a
certaine
out
wing
in
pieces
.
But
in
be
ginning
the
execution
,
35.
thousand
were
put
to
flight
by
a
very
sew
.
Puente
de
Butgos
The
duke
of
Lancasters
army
arriuing
in
Portugal
,
in
the
dayes
of
king
Richard
the
2.
in
the
heate
of
Sommer
,
suffered
no
lesse
through
heate
,
then
the
other
through
cold
.
Much
also
did
the
blacke
Princes
army
suffer
in
Spaine
through
the
heate
of
Sommer
.
Of
this
Caesar
had
respect
both
in
his
warres
in
France
,
and
Affrike
,
and
other
places
.
The
Romanes
in
their
warres
in
Greece
,
assembled
their
forces
at
the
port
of
Brundusium
,
sayling
into
Affrike
against
the
Carthaginians
,
they
made
their
prouision
&
rendeuouz
at
Lilibaeum
,
Greece
.
Cato
in
his
iourney
into
Spaine
chose
the
port
of
Luna
,
as
lying
directly
against
Spaine
.
Annibal
Caesar
entended
the
inuasion
of
this
Iland
Banished
men
doe
make
those
that
goe
in
their
succour
beleeue
,
that
they
haue
great
parties
in
the
countrey
,
and
that
the
enterprise
is
easie
Caesar
for
that
hee
was
driuen
to
leaue
a
great
part
of
his
armie
,
and
prouision
behinde
him
,
both
in
his
voyage
against
Pompey
,
and
against
Scipio
in
Annibal
marching
towardes
Italy
armie
for
the
garde
of
Afrike
,
another
for
the
garde
of
Spaine
.
And
Caesar
pursuing
Pompey
into
Greece
,
committed
the
guarde
of
Italy
,
and
the
port
townes
thereof
vnto
Antony
If
Syphax
going
out
of
his
countrey
to
warre
against
the
Romanes
,
had
had
like
care
,
his
country
had
not
beene
taken
from
him
in
his
absence
by
Masinissa
and
Laelius
.
Nothing
did
cause
Anniball
to
leaue
his
hold
in
Italy
,
but
want
of
succour
,
and
supplie
.
The
slownesse
of
Caesars
supplies
after
his
army
transported
into
Afrike
made
him
loose
many
aduantages
Caesar
for
that
hee
was
driuen
to
passe
his
army
in
certaine
Marchant
shippes
without
guard
of
shippes
of
warre
Caesar
vsed
tickets
.
Scipio
sailing
into
Afrike
calling
two
of
euery
ship
,
declared
what
he
would
haue
them
do
,
and
whither
to
set
their
course
.
Cato
hauing
all
his
ships
and
men
together
,
&
Spaine
caused
proclamation
to
bee
made
,
that
all
his
shippes
should
direct
their
course
to
the
porte
neere
the
Pyreneies
which
I
suppose
was
Emporia
.
Caesar
sent
Commius
,
and
Volusenus
into
this
Iland
,
the
one
to
vnderstand
the
state
of
the
people
,
the
other
to
view
the
coast
,
and
sound
the
Ports
.
Cato
Afrike
fortified
Ruspina
,
and
by
trenches
and
bankes
made
it
both
a
good
harbour
for
shippes
,
and
a
safe
lodging
for
his
army
.
castle
of
retrait
from
the
land
,
and
an
accesse
for
his
shippes
from
sea
;
and
a
place
commodious
for
dispatch
of
other
marters
.
haue
a
conueient
porte
for
accesse
of
his
shippes
,
and
a
commodious
storehouse
for
his
prouisions
of
warre
.
that
taking
Chalcis
a
very
opportune
port
for
their
warres
in
Greece
,
left
the
same
without
fortification
,
or
garrison
.
Scipio
in
Spaine
towne
of
Thebes
as
a
retraite
,
and
propugnacle
against
the
Greekes
.
of
Oringis
in
Spaine
,
as
a
fortresse
,
from
whence
hee
made
roades
into
the
midland
countrey
thereabout
.
Sulpitius
that
lay
fitly
against
Macedonia
,
did
put
garrison
in
it
,
and
from
thence
made
diuers
attempts
against
the
Macedonians
.
Antiochus
same
is
to
bee
refreshed
Annibal
before
hee
brought
foorth
his
army
to
fight
with
the
Romanes
in
Italy
caused
the
same
to
refresh
,
and
rest
it selfe
diuers
dayes
after
his
wearisome
iourney
through
the
Alpes
.
Scipio
,
hee
refreshed
his
men
certayne
dayes
of
their
trauaile
at
sea
,
before
he
marched
against
the
enemy
.
Annibal
before
he
incountred
with
Flaminius
the
Romane
Generall
Fabius
.
Curio
marching
in
the
sandes
of
Afrike
without
knowledge
of
the
enemies
power
,
or
the
disaduantage
of
the
country
being
drie
,
and
plaine
,
was
ouerthrowen
together
with
his
whole
army
by
the
Numidian
horsemen
of
Iuba
.
Appius
spoyling
the
country
of
the
Boyans
without
espiall
sent
before
,
&
guards
placed
in
conuenient
distances
;
was
himselfe
slaine
,
together
with
his
company
.
Caesar
distributed
tenne
thousand
Heduans
in
diuers
townes
The
towne
of
Astapa
in
Spaine
was
taken
and
ruinated
by
L.
Martius
,
for
that
the
garrison
of
the
enemies
there
,
did
spoyle
the
confederates
of
the
Romanes
,
and
intercept
the
victuallers
that
came
to
the
army
.
for
the
brideling
of
the
enemy
,
and
assurance
of
his
victualles
in
his
warres
against
Pompey
.
not
only
for
the
present
,
but
also
for
the
future
time
.
he
sent
horsemen
before
to
burne
all
things
,
that
might
profitably
serue
the
enemy
.
Italy
Fabius
had
foure
hundred
wagons
laden
with
prouision
,
beside
those
that
belonged
to
particulars
.
Annibal
brought
all
the
corne
and
prouision
,
which
he
found
in
the
territorie
of
Metapontus
,
and
Heraclea
into
Salapia
.
Caesar
in
his
inuasion
of
this
Manlius
inuading
the
Gallogrecians
,
forced
all
those
countries
where
hee
passed
to
compound
for
feare
of
spoyle
Frenchmen
where
the
English
army
passed
in
the
dayes
of
Edward
the
third
did
supplie
the
same
with
necessarie
prouision
.
for
him
that
hath
a
sufficient
army
not
to
bee
able
to
get
victualles
,
and
things
necessarie
for
the
same
.
The
Romanes
against
the
Samnites
led
foorth
their
armies
diuers
wayes
,
whereby
the
enemy
being
made
vncertain
of
their
comming
,
could
not
preuent
them
,
nor
depriue
them
of
prouision
.
kingdome
of
Naples
,
the
countrey
either
folowed
them
,
or
tooke
against
them
,
as
they
had
prosperous
or
bad
successe
.
Caesar
,
Scipio
,
Annibal
France
,
Portugal
,
Flanders
The
enterprise
of
Lautrecke
in
the
kingdome
of
Naples
was
broken
by
niggardly
expenses
,
slender
preparatiues
,
slowe
proceeding
,
couetousnesse
of
officers
,
disorder
,
and
want
of
care
about
victualles
,
and
other
prouisions
.
Some
of
the
chiefe
gouernours
spent
their
time
in
pleasures
,
others
minded
nothing
but
spoyle
:
they
furnished
not
their
townes
with
victualles
,
nor
with
souldiers
,
they
pursued
not
the
enemy
so
,
but
that
they
suffered
him
to
gather
strength
againe
.
Normandy
,
Gascoigne
France
,
Flanders
,
Spaine
euery
man
doeth
fight
most
valiantly
when
his
wife
and
children
,
and
his
owne
landes
and
goodes
are
in
his
sight
.
snayle
so
long
as
hee
keepeth
himselfe
within
his
shell
,
is
defensed
;
when
he
putteth
out
his
head
,
he
lyeth
open
to
danger
.
Athenians
were
vtterly
ouerthrowen
in
Sicile
,
that
before
that
were
well
able
to
defend
them selues
at
home
Guicciar.
lib.
1.
Victorie
is
obteined
by
preuention
,
and
by
the
same
warres
are
oft
times
diuerted
,
diseases
,
so
the
attempts
and
proceedings
of
the
enemy
at
the
first
are
easily
stopped
,
and
both
in
time
are
strengthened
and
confirmed
.
great
troubles
arise
.
If
thou
suffer
one
iniurie
,
thou
doest
but
giue
thy
enemy
courage
to
offer
thee
another
.
The
enemy
doeth
oft
times
trie
our
patience
,
and
seeing
vs
patiently
to
endure
iniuries
Ancus
Martius
doeth
contemne
vs
.
And
to
yeelde
in
one
thing
doeth
giue
the
enemy
courage
,
to
aske
more
.
when
Annibal
first
besieged
Saguntum
,
they
had
deriued
the
warres
into
Spaine
,
and
escaped
the
storme
,
which
Annibals
army
brought
into
Italy
.
Those
that
feare
to
assayle
the
enemy
vpon
hope
of
peace
,
loose
oft
times
peace
for
euer
.
Tully
Spaine
,
Afrike
,
Asia
Portugal
.
Hee
that
commeth
to
inuade
others
fighteth
with
greater
courage
,
then
those
that
are
inuaded
,
by
the
testimonie
of
Annibal
,
and
proofe
of
experience
.
They
that
haue
no
hope
of
life
,
nor
escape
but
in
victory
,
can
not
chuse
,
but
fight
valiantly
.
Afrike
.
Alexander
S'annihilauan
,
l'entrate
Blacke
Prince
Don
Pedro
de
Castile
The
Spaniards
that
had
restored
Maximilian
Sforza
to
the
Duchie
of
Millan
,
the
warres
being
ended
for
their
reward
,
had
like
to
haue
had
their
throates
cut
.
Hierome
Moron
French
that
came
to
aide
Galeazzo
Duke
of
Millain
,
vnder
the
leading
of
the
Countie
of
Armignac
,
being
scattered
in
the
siege
of
Alexandria
,
were
slaine
by
the
Pesants
of
the
Countrey
.
Dreux
,
anno
1589.
Clere
anno
1569
corps
de
gard
The
Greekes
returning
from
the
battell
betwixt
Cyrus
and
Artaxerxes
,
being
coasted
and
pursued
by
the
enemie
,
placed
their
cariages
neere
the
riuer
along
which
they
marched
,
and
their
armed
men
toward
the
enemie
.
Caesar
Germanicus
after
certaine
chosen
troupes
baggage
togither
with
our
hurt
men
is
to
bee
sent
before
into
some
place
of
safetie
,
as
Caesar
practised
in
his
retraite
from
Dyrrhachium
.
àle
legiere
C.
Marius
Rocheabeille
Anno
1569
the
horsemen
made
the
Auantgarde
,
on
either
side
marched
certaine
troupes
of
shot
,
seconded
by
horsemen
:
after
the
vantgarde
followed
a
battaillion
of
lansquenets
,
and
in
front
of
them
were
drawne
eight
field
pieces
:
after
them
followed
diuers
Regiments
of
shot
representing
the
battell
,
and
on
the
side
thereof
another
battaillion
of
lansquenets
with
some
other
pieces
.
was
the
death
of
the
Prince
of
Condè
,
and
ouerthrow
of
his
auantgarde
at
the
battell
of
Cognac
.
the
same
was
the
ouerthrow
of
Crassus
by
the
Parthians
,
for
his
sonne
was
so
farre
auanced
before
the
rest
of
the
army
,
that
before
he
could
be
relieued
,
he
and
his
troupes
were
defeated
.
he
deserued
not
the
name
of
a
General
,
that
vnderstood
not
the
estate
of
the
enemies
.
Annibal
Liuy
he
vnderstood
what
was
done
in
the
enemies
campe
,
as
well
as
themselues
.
being
in
paine
to
passe
the
riuer
of
Some
in
France
,
by
the
instruction
giuen
him
by
one
of
his
prisoners
vnderstood
of
a
foord
.
Curio
lightly
examining
a
prisoner
concerning
the
force
of
the
enemie
Annibal
partly
by
such
,
and
partly
by
his
owne
diligence
,
searching
out
matters
continually
by
his
espials
,
vnderstood
whatsoeuer
the
Romanes
did
.
Godefry
d'Harecourt
Romane
Consul
hauing
receiued
newes
,
that
some
of
his
company
would
be
defeated
without
present
succour
,
and
not
reteining
the
messenger
,
fell
into
an
ambush
layde
for
him
.
returning
out
of
Italy
to
defend
his
owne
countrey
against
Scipio
,
sent
diuers
espials
into
his
campe
.
Scipio
while
the
treatie
of
peace
continued
betwixt
him
and
Syphax
,
sent
diuers
captaines
in
slaues
apparel
,
which
wandering
about
the
enemies
campe
discouered
the
accesses
,
and
issues
of
it
Scipio
,
this
mans
father
,
before
the
battel
with
Annibal
at
Trebia
,
drew
foorth
his
horsemen
and
light
armed
,
to
view
Annibals
campe
:
Annibal
Caesar
pursuing
the
Heluetians
,
send
all
his
horsemen
in
number
4000
,
to
see
what
wayes
the
enemies
marched
S.
Clere
,
anno
1569
Romanes
in
ancient
time
vsed
,
when
they
consulted
of
any
action
,
to
view
the
situation
of
the
countrey
layed
before
them
.
Don
Sancho
de
Londonno
searching
out
the
lurking
holes
of
the
enemy
,
and
placing
strong
gards
in
places
conuenient
,
returned
safely
from
forraging
the
countrey
.
that
like
brute
beastes
,
going
on
without
guide
or
espiall
,
they
were
carried
headlong
,
as
it
were
,
into
a
pit
.
Boians
,
without
either
discouery
,
or
standes
of
men
well
placed
,
was
drawen
into
an
ambush
,
and
slaine
together
with
his
army
.
Annibal
.
Marcus
Marcellus
Vocula
charging
the
enemy
without
knowledge
of
his
forces
riuer
,
before
he
knew
the
strength
of
the
enemy
which
seemed
not
great
,
was
defeated
with
his
company
by
the
Counte
Lodwike
.
vantgard
was
broken
in
the
plaines
of
S.
Clere
,
an.
1569
,
for
that
the
same
did
bluntly
charge
the
enemy
,
of
whose
forces
and
number
the
same
was
ignorant
.
in
the
night
lost
his
guide
,
&
his
way
,
and
wearied
himselfe
:
Metaurus
.
Puygalliard
in
these
late
troubles
of
France
,
marching
all
night
,
most
of
his
troupes
lost
their
way
:
the
rest
the
day
following
were
defeated
at
S.
Gemme
,
by
a
very
few
Protestants
.
corps
de
gard
Two
thousand
targetters
,
ouertaken
by
Caesars
horsemen
vpon
a
plaine
,
were
all
cut
in
pieces
;
neither
could
Afranius
their
Generall
succor
them
.
Curio
Caesars
Afrike
,
leauing
the
aduantages
of
the
hilles
,
and
descending
downe
into
the
plaines
,
being
compassed
about
with
Iubaes
caualery
,
was
slaine
together
with
his
army
.
Caesar
can
an
army
march
in
the
plaines
,
so
long
as
the
enemy
with
his
horsemen
,
and
light
armed
,
chargeth
the
same
now
on
the
sides
,
and
then
on
the
backe
?
Caesar
perceiuing
Annibals
strength
in
horse
,
yeelded
to
him
the
plaines
,
and
kept
themselues
vpon
the
higher
grounds
.
mixture
and
aray
the
Romanes
ouerthrew
the
Capuan
horsemen
in
the
siege
of
Capua
,
the
charge
of
Caesars
horsemen
pursuing
him
in
Spaine
,
but
by
opposing
against
them
in
the
rierward
certeine
companies
of
halfe
pikes
lightly
armed
,
and
ready
,
not
being
laden
with
baggage
.
S.
Denis
euery
company
of
horse
a
company
of
shot
,
which
should
discharge
when
the
enemy
came
to
charge
the
Princes
horse
Romanes
taking
the
Germanes
with
their
long
pikes
in
a
certein
wooddy
countrey
,
taught
them
that
such
groundes
were
not
for
them
.
Caesar
his
enemies
into
the
wooddes
,
would
not
follow
them
,
before
the
wayes
were
made
,
and
the
woods
cut
downe
.
Romanes
not
vsing
this
caution
,
entring
the
strait
at
Caudium
,
were
so
compassed
in
by
the
enemy
on
euery
side
,
that
they
could
neither
goe
forward
,
nor
backeward
,
but
must
there
compound
for
their
liues
.
Cornelius
the
consul
had
likewise
bene
entrapped
and
compassed
about
in
a
valley
by
the
Samnites
,
if
that
Decius
a
valiant
man
with
certeine
troupes
had
not
taken
the
hill
aboue
their
heades
,
and
driuen
them
from
thence
,
by
his
owne
danger
,
opening
a
passage
to
the
rest
of
the
army
.
brought
into
a
strait
by
the
mistaking
of
his
guide
,
he
forced
the
passage
in
the
night
,
and
deliuered
his
armie
safe
out
.
Cyrus
perceiuing
that
the
inhabitants
of
the
Alpes
had
seased
the
passages
:
in
the
night
time
marching
vp
with
the
lustiest
yong
men
hee
had
,
tooke
the
ground
aboue
their
heads
,
and
so
draue
them
from
the
places
,
which
otherwise
by
rolling
downe
of
stones
might
haue
hurt
his
men
,
and
stopped
their
passage
.
sent
foure
thousand
targetters
about
the
hils
,
and
comming
vpon
his
backe
draue
him
from
his
ground
,
and
had
vtterly
defeated
his
armie
,
had
not
the
roughnesse
,
and
straightnesse
of
the
ground
hindered
the
carriere
of
his
horsmen
,
and
the
weight
of
their
armes
,
the
speed
of
the
footemen
.
His
companie
he
deuided
equallie
into
two
partes
,
whereof
if
the
first
were
stopped
,
the
second
auancing
it selfe
forward
another
way
wanne
the
hill
,
and
draue
the
enemies
from
their
ground
:
if
the
enemie
made
head
against
the
second
,
then
did
the
first
compasse
the
hill
while
that
part
held
the
enemies
in
breath
.
Caesar
charging
the
Belgians
as
they
passed
a
riuer
,
cut
a
number
of
them
in
pieces
.
Annibal
,
were
likewise
slayne
in
the
midst
of
it
by
his
horsemen
returning
backe
vpon
them
,
and
finding
them
in
disorder
.
Caesar
setting
vpon
them
that
remained
,
and
looked
for
no
such
thing
,
discomfited
and
killed
the
most
of
them
.
before
they
were
halfe
passed
,
set
vpon
them
,
and
ouerthrew
them
,
before
the
rest
could
passe
.
Those
Protestants
likewise
,
which
for
want
of
meanes
could
not
passe
so
soone
as
their
fellowes
,
were
defeated
at
the
passage
of
Dordonne
,
anno
1569.
Heluetians
at
foordes
,
and
by
boates
,
often
attempted
to
passe
the
riuer
of
Rone
,
but
what
with
the
height
of
the
bankes
,
and
trenches
made
,
and
force
of
men
,
they
were
repulsed
.
The
Admirall
of
France
anno
1569
,
when
he
could
not
force
the
garde
at
Port
de
Pile
,
by
reason
of
the
Gabions
,
and
Barriquadals
,
vnder
which
the
enemies
shot
lay
couered
:
sought
,
and
found
a
passage
a
litle
aboue
the
place
:
which
the
enemie
had
no
sooner
espied
,
but
he
left
his
stand
without
any
great
intreatie
.
Orenge
anno
1568
Caesar
when
by
force
he
could
not
passe
the
riuer
of
Allier
in
France
,
the
enemie
still
coasting
him
on
the
other
side
:
cunningly
leauing
two
legions
behinde
a
wood
,
and
marching
away
with
the
rest
of
his
army
,
when
the
enemy
followed
him
,
those
that
remained
behinde
,
hauing
boates
,
and
things
ready
,
passed
suddenly
and
made
a
bridge
ouer
the
riuer
,
so
that
the
rest
of
Caesars
army
returning
,
passed
also
at
ease
.
part
of
his
army
he
led
vp
against
the
riuer
of
Seyne
in
the
night
with
great
noise
:
which
the
enemy
hearing
,
followed
,
thinking
that
all
his
army
had
bene
there
.
In
the
meane
while
certeine
chosen
companies
left
behinde
,
passed
the
riuer
in
great
silence
in
boates
made
of
purpose
,
which
taking
the
banke
,
gaue
passage
to
their
fellowes
returning
.
Aemilius
Paulus
Caesar
at
another
time
when
he
could
not
passe
the
riuer
of
Sycoris
at
a
foord
,
made
certeine
boates
of
twigs
and
light
timber
,
and
couered
them
with
leather
.
In
those
boates
caried
22
miles
off
,
in
one
night
he
passed
a
regiment
,
tooke
a
hill
,
and
fortified
it
,
and
there
made
a
bridge
for
the
passing
of
the
rest
of
the
armie
.
Lusitanians
in
time
past
did
seldome
goe
into
the
warres
without
girdles
of
skinnes
,
which
being
blowne
full
of
wind
,
they
easily
passed
any
riuer
.
Rhein
,
feined
as
if
they
returned
into
their
owne
countrey
:
but
hauing
marched
three
daies
iourney
,
they
ridde
backe
so
farre
in
one
night
,
and
comming
backe
vpon
a
sudden
,
found
the
countrey
peoples
boates
tied
at
the
riuer
side
,
in
which
they
passed
themselues
,
and
sent
backe
the
boates
to
passe
the
rest
of
the
company
.
bridge
may
be
made
Caesar
hath
taught
vs
by
the
example
of
that
,
which
he
made
ouer
Rhein
.
Garonne
Anno
1569
Garronne
1569.
Caesar
by
his
expedition
had
wonderful
successe
in
al
his
affaires
.
He
passed
the
hils
of
Auuergne
,
before
the
enemy
had
any
suspition
of
his
comming
.
he
preuented
al
Pompeyes
preparatiues
,
and
draue
his
enemies
out
of
Italy
,
before
they
had
any
respit
giuen
them
to
take
breath
.
Xenophon
taking
the
tops
of
the
hils
before
the
enemie
looked
for
him
,
passed
great
dangers
with
great
ease
.
Montgomery
Annibal
in
Italy
that
the
people
saue
themselues
in
places
of
strength
,
and
that
thither
also
they
conuey
their
corne
,
prouision
and
cattell
.
whatsoeuer
cannot
be
carried
away
,
the
same
is
to
be
burned
,
and
spoiled
all
along
where
the
enemy
commeth
.
Which
order
Fabius
caused
to
be
proclamed
,
and
obserued
in
the
warres
in
Italy
with
Annibal
.
Philip
king
of
Macedonia
not
being
able
to
defend
the
townes
,
&
countrey
of
Thessalia
,
transported
the
people
into
other
places
,
the
townes
&
villages
he
burnt
,
the
corne
he
laid
vp
safe
,
the
cattell
he
caused
to
be
driuen
into
places
of
strength
.
Vercingetorix
the
yet
by
spoiling
the
country
,
&
burning
whatsoeuer
might
be
commodious
for
the
enemy
,
draue
him
to
great
extremities
.
anno
1569
Fabius
by
following
this
course
brought
Annibal
with
his
victorious
army
into
those
straits
;
that
had
it
not
bene
for
shame
and
danger
,
that
would
haue
followed
him
by
flying
,
he
would
haue
returned
backe
into
France
.
Lucterius
the
French
capteine
would
willingly
haue
spoiled
the
countrey
of
the
Romans
in
France
,
but
he
stayed
himselfe
,
fearing
to
enter
among
the
garrison
townes
;
which
hee
could
not
doe
without
apparant
danger
.
Caesar
for
feare
the
garrison
of
the
enemy
left
there
,
might
doe
him
some
annoyance
.
anno
1569
Vercingetorix
kept
Caesars
forragers
very
short
.
Cassiuellanus
the
Romanes
from
going
farre
on
forraging
the
countrey
.
Heluetians
and
Belgians
in
France
,
&
Afranius
his
army
in
Spaine
,
although
they
had
gotten
farre
before
him
.
befell
the
Romans
an
other
time
encountring
the
enemie
in
his
marche
.
anno
1569.
to
the
Belgians
pursued
by
Caesar
Romanes
.
Philip
purposing
to
stop
the
Romane
army
at
the
straite
of
Aous
trenched
the
passage
,
and
on
the
higher
ground
placed
archers
,
and
slingers
,
and
the
rest
of
his
army
in
conuenient
places
.
that
they
suffer
not
the
enemie
to
take
the
higher
ground
:
that
they
doe
not
so
lye
open
,
that
the
enemie
may
come
on
their
backes
:
that
their
company
be
not
vnable
to
abide
the
enemies
force
,
or
to
defende
the
grounde
committed
to
their
charge
.
corps
de
garde
Romanes
,
they
could
neuer
haue
issued
thence
without
great
slaughter
,
and
losse
.
S.
Dennis
anno
1567
L.
Licinius
though
inferiour
in
force
to
Asdrubal
in
Spaine
,
yet
taking
the
aduantage
of
hilles
and
straytes
,
and
nowe
charging
the
enemie
on
the
sides
,
then
on
the
backes
,
practised
on
him
all
the
precepts
of
warre
:
anno
1569.
Caesar
charging
the
Germanes
,
while
their
horsemen
,
and
some
troupes
of
footemen
were
gone
abroade
vpon
spoyle
,
found
them
farre
more
easie
to
bee
dealt
withal
.
Capuans
being
in
distresse
for
want
of
victuals
,
and
being
willed
by
Annibal
,
to
send
carriages
to
fetche
sufficient
,
did
send
so
fewe
,
that
it
was
nothing
to
relieue
their
neede
.
In
this
respect
the
proceeding
of
Marcellus
that
wise
leader
deserueth
well
to
be
followed
:
For
in
no
place
did
he
goe
before
he
had
diligently
discouered
the
same
,
and
assured
his
retraite
,
and
those
that
wrought
by
standes
of
men
fitly
placed
.
Appius
ruinated
himselfe
and
his
armie
,
for
that
without
search
of
the
countrey
,
and
order
vsed
in
such
cases
,
he
suffered
his
men
to
wander
vp
and
downe
more
mindfull
of
spoile
,
then
of
their
owne
safety
.
The
forragers
of
the
Romanes
marching
without
suspicion
,
or
order
,
or
sufficient
defence
,
were
easely
ouerthrowen
by
Perseus
king
of
Macedonia
.
hearing
of
the
conspiracie
of
the
Belgians
,
by
suddein
comming
vpon
them
,
disordered
all
their
counsels
,
and
remedied
the
mischiefe
,
before
it
was
ripe
.
Another
great
conspiracie
of
all
France
he
dissolued
,
by
his
speede
in
taking
the
heads
single
,
before
their
forces
were
ioyned
.
with
great
iourneys
,
and
speedy
marching
comming
vpon
Flaccus
,
vpon
the
sudden
ouerthrewe
him
at
Herdonea
.
Claudius
Nero
Syllanus
by
no
other
meanes
vanquished
his
enemies
in
Spaine
,
then
by
inuading
them
vnprouided
,
which
opportunitie
his
quicke
speede
did
yeelde
him
.
Warres
,
as
Alphonsus
king
of
Naples
was
wont
to
say
,
haue
good
successe
where
we
preuent
the
enemie
.
In
a
small
time
there
happeneth
great
alteration
of
things
,
and
therefore
it
is
not
safe
to
loose
any
moment
of
time
.
Oftentimes
also
victories
are
made
more
easy
,
by
seasing
of
opportune
places
,
&
ioyning
of
confederates
vnto
vs
to
helpe
our
cause
.
Romanes
.
Scripio
Carthage
:
Paulus
Aemilius
Quintius
leuied
an
army
,
ouercame
his
enemies
in
open
field
,
took
9.
walled
towns
,
&
all
this
in
one
20.
dayes
.
&
entring
among
them
,
forced
them
to
sweare
,
that
they
would
not
forsake
their
countrey
.
Claudius
Nero
that
expedition
doth
make
our
counsels
prooue
safe
&
sure
,
when
as
delaies
make
them
proue
rash
and
dangerous
.
The
Romanes
hauing
diuers
enemies
,
making
haste
fought
with
them
one
after
another
singly
,
and
so
ouercame
them
:
mischiefe
in
the
beginning
is
easily
remedied
;
in
time
it
getteth
strength
.
that
speedy
repentance
foloweth
rash
counsell
that
any
should
proceede
without
mature
counsael
:
but
that
after
resolution
there
should
follow
speedy
execution
.
Contrariwise
both
consultation
without
resolution
,
and
resolution
without
speedy
execution
are
pernitious
in
martiall
causes
.
Counsels
drawen
in
length
by
delay
,
waxe
nought
in
the
end
.
Sometimes
the
necessities
of
warre
so
vrge
vs
,
that
they
will
not
suffer
vs
to
attend
mens
counsels
.
When
the
enemie
is
comming
vpon
vs
,
&
the
warres
are
at
our
doores
,
nothing
is
more
pernicious
than
delay
.
The
delay
of
Annibal
that
after
his
victory
at
Cannae
brought
not
presently
his
army
before
Rome
,
was
the
ruine
of
his
cause
,
&
first
beginning
of
his
decay
.
Likewise
the
delaies
&
slow
proceeding
of
the
Carthaginian
Senate
in
sending
money
&
supplies
to
Annibal
after
his
victory
at
Cannae
,
gaue
heart
&
leisure
to
the
Romanes
to
repaire
their
strength
.
doth
helpe
them
,
&
minister
fauour
to
their
proceedings
,
Attalus
and
the
Rhodians
hauing
some
vantage
against
Philip
of
Macedonia
folowed
it
not
:
which
delay
gaue
him
leysure
to
repaire
his
forces
,
&
made
them
to
be
accompted
the
nourishers
of
those
warres
,
which
if
they
had
vrged
,
they
might
haue
had
the
title
of
deliuerers
of
Greece
themselues
.
Asdrubal
by
staying
about
Placentia
,
lost
whatsoeuer
commoditie
hee
had
before
wonne
by
his
speedy
marche
.
that
the
Romanes
would
make
them
pay
deare
.
Cecinna
,
Tacitus
calleth
becraying
of
opportunitie
Fabius
Valens
going
against
Vespasians
army
,
with
hurtfull
delayes
spent
times
of
seruice
in
vnprofitable
consultations
.
The
times
of
warre
doe
not
attend
vpon
the
captaines
,
or
counsels
pleasures
.
Occasion
presenteth
it selfe
vnto
them
vpon
a
sudden
,
but
if
thou
embracest
it
not
,
it
passeth
without
returning
,
though
oft
thou
wish
for
it
againe
.
while
the
Romanes
were
in
their
preparatiues
against
Annibal
,
that
they
that
looke
for
the
euents
of
warre
,
are
commonly
a
spoile
to
the
conqueror
.
Fabius
by
his
staied
proceeding
,
restored
the
Romane
Empire
to
the
auncient
estate
,
that
was
shaken
by
others
hastie
,
&
heady
rashnesse
.
defenses
are
a
receite
to
the
conquerour
,
a
refuge
to
the
vanquished
,
and
a
porte
and
harbour
to
returne
vnto
in
a
storme
.
Many
armies
(
saith
Paulus
Aemilius
,
Perseus
)
being
foyled
in
open
field
,
haue
retired
into
their
campe
,
and
saued
themselues
,
and
afterward
sallying
out
vpon
their
enemies
,
haue
preuailed
,
and
vanquished
them
.
therefore
hauing
set
his
army
in
order
,
he
commanded
the
baggage
to
be
brought
into
one
place
,
and
the
same
to
be
entrenched
by
those
that
stoode
last
,
and
on
the
highest
ground
while
the
vantgarde
,
and
the
rest
fought
with
the
enemy
.
he
would
not
suffer
his
chiefe
commanders
,
and
counsell
to
depart
from
legions
or
regiments
before
the
worke
,
&
fortification
of
the
camp
was
finished
.
but
that
he
fortified
his
lodging
,
keeping
the
rest
in
armes
to
receiue
the
enemies
charge
.
began
to
fortifie
their
camp
,
as
they
saw
the
Romandes
do
.
He
that
doth
not
so
lie
entrenched
,
goeth
oftentimes
out
of
his
may
to
seeke
ease
for
his
souldiers
,
lodgeth
with
his
army
disioyned
,
looseth
time
and
labour
:
and
lastly
may
not
,
if
hee
be
wise
,
lodge
neere
an
enemy
as
strong
as
himselfe
,
that
hath
the
vantage
of
ground
and
trenches
.
He
that
chargeth
an
army
that
lyeth
wel
entrenched
,
receiueth
seldome
honour
of
his
rashnesse
.
The
Frenchmen
because
they
vnderstoode
not
so
much
before
,
were
taught
it
of
Prospero
Colonna
at
the
Bicocke
in
Lombardy
.
For
aduenturing
his
men
hauing
laide
downe
their
burthens
,
and
being
scar●e●ed
to
fetch
stakes
,
earth
and
stones
,
●odainly
the
enemy
appeareth
out
from
vnder
a
hil
there
by
and
chargeth
him
.
Romanes
as
they
were
pitching
their
tentes
were
charged
by
the
Carthaginians
in
their
warres
in
Spaine
:
and
had
beene
soyled
,
had
not
Scipio
fearing
such
a
matter
,
run
through
them
with
his
horsemen
,
which
very
opportunely
hee
had
couered
vnder
a
hill
in
the
way
as
they
came
to
the
charge
.
lodgings
at
Trent
,
and
disarmed
,
but
the
enemy
obseruing
his
time
commeth
vpon
them
,
and
forced
them
to
seeke
an
other
lodging
.
Afranius
his
army
was
driuen
to
yeeld
to
Caesar
in
Spaine
for
want
of
water
.
And
by
like
necessitie
Caesar
forced
the
reliques
of
Pompeys
army
which
hee
besieged
on
a
hill
,
and
excluded
by
trenches
from
the
water
,
to
flie
to
his
mercie
.
had
hee
not
by
digging
of
pits
found
store
.
New
hauen
Spaniardes
were
by
the
French
forced
to
fight
against
their
willes
at
Rauenna
,
in
Lewis
the
twelft
his
time
,
for
that
being
lodged
in
the
lower
,
and
open
ground
they
were
beaten
with
the
enemies
great
ordonance
,
that
continually
stroke
among
their
horsemen
.
Caesar
in
the
warres
against
the
Belgians
enuironed
his
campe
neere
Soissons
,
with
a
banke
twelue
foote
high
,
and
a
ditch
eighteene
foote
broade
.
Fuluis
the
Romane
Proconsul
neither
for
place
,
nor
defence
,
nor
garde
lay
strongly
enough
with
his
army
,
which
was
no
sooner
brought
to
Annibal
,
but
marching
thither
with
his
army
,
he
tooke
him
at
vnawres
,
and
ouerthrewe
him
,
and
all
his
companie
.
La
Loüe
Napoleon
Vrsini
stiffely
defending
a
certaine
valley
by
Rocheabeille
Anno
one
thousand
fiue
hundred
sixtie
and
nine
,
fensed
onely
in
front
with
a
weake
palissade
was
inuested
on
the
sides
,
and
forced
by
the
Protestantes
.
Q.
Cicero
one
of
Caesars
lieutenants
,
by
the
fortifications
of
his
campe
,
abode
diuers
assaults
of
the
whole
power
of
France
,
and
held
out
vntill
such
time
as
Caesar
succoured
him
.
And
well
befell
it
Prospero
Colonna
that
his
lodging
was
strong
at
the
Bicocke
.
France
captaine
Granry
lodging
in
Esse
a
village
vpon
the
riuer
of
Vienne
,
gaue
the
enemy
a
rude
welcome
comming
to
see
him
in
his
lodging
in
the
night
.
anno
1568.
lying
in
a
village
without
sufficient
defence
hee
was
charged
by
the
enemie
,
and
there
slaine
,
and
with
him
Christopher
the
Prince
Palatins
sonne
,
a
Prince
vnworthy
that
disastrous
death
,
and
with
them
most
of
the
company
,
Romanes
,
whose
workes
were
alwayes
done
by
souldiers
that
euery
company
haue
their
tentes
assigned
to
them
of
publike
charge
,
and
carried
with
them
in
cartes
.
Conde
at
Cognac
Dandelot
dispersing
his
companies
in
Villages
,
was
surprised
on
the
sudden
by
Martigues
and
put
to
flight
:
himselfe
hardly
escaped
,
most
of
his
company
were
defeated
:
which
,
if
his
troupes
had
bene
together
could
not
haue
happened
.
La
Louè
but
that
he
lodged
so
far
from
helpe
,
that
before
the
same
could
come
,
he
&
his
men
were
dispatched
.
The
Heluetians
had
no
other
defences
of
their
lodging
:
thought
to
shroude
him selfe
and
his
company
vnder
the
carts
,
&
packs
,
and
such
things
as
he
could
bring
together
to
make
a
defence
on
.
But
it
serued
for
nothing
,
but
to
linger
the
enemies
victory
a
litle
.
French
king
&
Duke
of
Burgundy
lying
in
the
suburbes
of
Liege
without
trenche
or
barriquade
,
escaped
very
narowly
in
a
certaine
sally
of
the
townesmen
by
them
besieged
.
Ardeatians
led
by
Camillus
,
&
finding
the
campe
of
the
Gaules
,
that
a
litle
before
had
sacked
Rome
,
without
either
watch
,
or
sufficient
defence
,
slew
them
downe
right
,
without
any
resistance
.
Philip
The
army
of
the
Capuans
resting
in
their
lodgings
quietly
,
were
slaine
by
the
Romanes
that
inuaded
them
in
the
night
,
and
tooke
them
without
trenche
,
sentinel
,
or
corps
de
garde
.
Don
Pedro
el
cruel
base
brother
Henriques
taking
him
in
the
night
vnprouided
,
and
lying
without
watch
,
or
defence
.
Donzerre
An.
1569.
Corbueil
An.
1590.
Sulpitius
being
not
able
to
defend
his
campe
any
longer
against
the
multitude
of
the
mountaine
people
,
that
assaulted
it
:
sallied
forth
vpon
a
sudden
at
all
the
gates
thereof
,
and
surprising
his
enemies
on
a
sudden
made
a
great
carnage
of
them
,
&
put
the
rest
to
flight
.
at
length
gathering
his
men
together
,
sallied
foorth
vpon
them
,
not
giuing
them
so
much
as
any
time
to
take
breath
,
much
lesse
to
gather
their
forces
together
,
and
slew
infinite
multitudes
of
them
being
euery
where
dispersed
,
and
seeking
rather
to
enter
in
,
then
to
defend
them selues
without
.
it
behoueth
the
Generall
to
bee
carefull
for
his
people
let
him
henceforth
keepe
his
head
warme
at
home
,
and
interteine
Ladies
.
if
hee
haue
so
many
stayes
,
thou
canst
not
chuse
,
but
ouertake
him
.
By
that
meanes
the
Romanes
forced
the
Volscians
and
others
,
to
come
downe
from
the
hilles
into
euen
ground
,
and
to
defend
their
countrey
from
rauage
and
spoyle
.
they
coulde
not
continue
their
former
deliberation
,
but
were
forced
to
come
forth
and
fight
.
When
Villages
are
fired
,
and
the
corne
,
and
the
countrey
spoyled
,
he
must
be
either
very
cowardly
,
or
very
hard
hearted
,
that
is
not
drawen
foorth
to
fight
.
Flaminius
the
Romane
When
the
Veians
being
beaten
before
,
refused
to
encounter
the
Romanes
in
the
fielde
any
more
:
yet
when
they
perceiued
that
the
Romanes
made
toward
their
citie
,
they
came
foorth
chusing
rather
to
trye
it
in
playne
fielde
,
then
to
be
pend
vp
,
and
fight
for
their
houses
,
and
walles
.
by
besieging
Zama
a
citie
which
he
specially
fauoured
,
albeit
hee
knew
him selfe
inferior
in
strength
to
the
Romanes
.
least
loosing
a
citie
of
importance
that
fauoured
him
,
and
a
Captaine
of
name
,
hee
should
dishonor
himselfe
.
Philip
de
Valoys
Anno
1567.
Saint
Denys
Poytiers
An.
1569.
The
whole
power
of
France
came
before
Alexia
to
disengage
Vercingetorix
their
Generall
there
besieged
by
Caesar
.
Sitacles
King
of
Thracia
inuaded
the
Macedonians
,
the
countrey
people
not
being
able
to
resist
fled
into
strong
cities
,
and
holdes
:
and
as
occasion
,
&
aduantage
was
offered
,
from
thence
issued
to
fight
with
him
as
they
could
.
Many
warres
that
haue
bene
violent
at
the
first
brunt
,
by
delayes
and
tedious
lingering
haue
come
to
nothing
,
sayth
Tacitus
.
Generall
thought
it
more
wisedome
to
protract
time
.
His
reasons
were
,
for
that
he
dealt
with
an
enemy
,
which
euery
day
waxed
weaker
,
&
by
reason
he
was
in
another
countrey
,
had
dayly
more
and
more
hinderances
comming
vpon
him
:
further
neither
had
hee
prouision
,
nor
towne
of
retraite
,
&
therefore
must
needs
be
wearied
with
delayes
,
and
decay
of
himselfe
:
and
great
folly
,
sayd
he
,
were
it
to
fight
with
men
when
they
are
strong
,
when
they
may
deale
with
them
,
when
they
are
weake
&
feeble
.
began
to
take
places
of
aduantage
,
to
fortifie
his
campe
,
to
keepe
Crassus
from
victuals
;
when
the
army
for
want
should
retire
,
then
he
meant
to
charge
the
same
being
laden
with
baggage
,
and
out
of
aray
in
the
marche
.
they
are
impatient
of
delayes
,
and
if
they
be
not
fought
withall
,
doe
scatter
of
them selues
.
fought
with
the
Scots
haue
done
valiantly
,
but
wisdome
would
haue
perswaded
them
,
to
let
them
dissolue
of
them selues
.
they
brought
their
people
and
all
that
they
had
into
the
citie
;
placed
gardes
at
passages
,
and
cut
of
the
straglers
with
their
horsemen
.
France
.
hee
burned
the
countrey
,
droue
away
all
the
cattell
,
kept
the
passages
of
riuers
.
Gaules
pursued
by
Camillus
,
seeing
themselues
vnable
to
fight
with
him
,
had
no
other
meanes
to
auoyd
fight
,
but
to
flie
farre
from
him
.
Scipio
,
but
that
he
fled
with
his
armie
from
him
into
the
vtmost
coast
of
Spaine
.
Vercingetorix
was
constrained
to
go
farre
before
,
least
he
might
be
constrained
to
fight
agaynst
his
will
.
Admiral
at
Moncontour
would
willinglie
haue
passed
the
day
without
fight
:
but
being
neere
the
enemie
,
hee
could
neither
passe
the
riuer
without
disordering
his
armie
,
nor
retire
without
manifest
danger
of
being
vtterly
broken
,
and
ruinated
.
Tit.
Quintius
Bourbon
,
who
being
Generall
in
a
certaine
enterprise
against
the
Saracens
in
Afrike
,
ouerthrew
the
action
by
disdaining
to
heare
any
man
speake
,
and
refusing
all
counsell
,
but
his
owne
Francis
the
first
of
France
not
knowing
how
much
hee
was
abused
by
his
moster
rolles
,
and
supposing
his
strength
to
bee
greater
then
it
was
,
accepted
of
the
battell
of
Pauie
,
For
it
is
not
number
that
preuaileth
,
but
experience
and
skill
.
Mont
le
herie
would
not
put
them
to
the
triall
,
before
he
had
made
them
better
acquainted
with
warres
.
Romanes
before
they
entred
the
battell
,
refreshed
their
men
with
victuals
and
rest
,
that
if
the
same
continued
long
,
yet
their
strength
might
continue
.
by
their
long
march
they
were
wearie
,
thirstie
and
faint
,
would
not
fight
with
the
enemie
that
was
fresh
and
lustie
;
but
deferred
it
to
the
next
day
.
if
our
souldiers
be
faint
and
wearie
,
it
is
more
safe
to
passe
it
.
Denis
,
anno
1567.
Gaules
gaping
for
thirst
and
heate
,
and
being
wearied
with
trauell
and
watching
,
were
slaine
or
taken
.
Puigalliard
la
None
iourney
against
Ariouistus
,
and
the
Germanes
,
before
he
had
resolued
his
men
that
stoode
in
feare
of
them
,
to
fight
.
not
for
their
honour
,
yet
for
sauing
of
themselues
,
they
ought
to
fight
valiantly
.
souldiers
throwing
their
iauelins
from
the
higher
ground
,
and
following
the
same
,
did
easily
breake
the
rankes
of
their
enemies
troupes
.
which
aduantage
the
enemie
taking
,
had
ouerthrowne
him
,
and
his
armie
;
had
not
his
Collegue
come
in
the
instant
,
and
fauoured
his
retraite
,
Marius
ouerthrewe
the
Germanes
and
Danes
more
easily
,
taking
them
mounting
vp
the
higher
ground
.
A
smal
aduantage
in
the
vneauennes
of
the
ground
,
is
much
Caesar
)
in
the
furthering
of
the
victorie
.
then
at
Munda
in
Spaine
:
which
happened
by
the
forwardnes
of
his
men
,
that
needes
would
charge
the
enemie
,
standing
on
the
higher
ground
.
Romanes
following
the
enemie
without
order
,
and
being
drawne
into
a
lowe
valley
,
were
discomfited
and
slaine
,
the
enemie
turning
backe
vpon
them
.
fell
into
a
hollowe
bottome
of
ground
:
which
the
Athenians
perceiuing
,
and
that
there
was
no
issue
out
,
compassed
them
round
about
with
their
light
armed
,
and
slingers
,
and
stoned
them
all
to
death
.
Samnites
.
Annibal
nothing
holpe
the
side
of
Theodosius
,
more
,
then
the
winde
that
draue
backe
the
darts
,
arrowes
,
and
stones
of
Maximus
his
souldiers
.
The
Romane
souldiers
in
the
battell
at
Cannae
,
hauing
the
winde
against
them
,
had
their
eies
and
throates
filled
with
dust
,
which
fauoured
the
Carthaginians
blowing
vpon
their
backs
.
The
Sunne
with
great
heate
frying
the
bodies
of
the
Gaules
,
made
them
very
faint
,
fighting
on
a
certeine
time
with
the
Romanes
.
Vespasians
souldiers
hauing
the
Moone
on
their
backe
,
when
they
fought
in
the
night
with
Vitellius
his
army
,
seemed
greater
then
they
were
,
and
did
see
to
strike
more
directly
.
did
then
charge
the
Gaules
,
when
with
heate
and
thirst
,
they
were
of
themselues
ready
to
faint
:
reportes
may
hurt
the
enemy
,
or
helpe
vs
,
are
to
be
spread
abroad
.
Reportes
oft
times
preuaile
as
much
as
truth
,
&
small
matters
make
men
in
that
case
both
feare
,
and
hope
,
as
said
Claudius
Nero.
The
report
of
a
succour
comming
did
daunt
Vitellius
his
army
,
and
confirmed
the
enemy
.
Trebia
Annibal
(
diuided
from
front
to
backe
after
the
vsual
maner
)
corps
de
garde
Scipio
cornua
firmat
L.
Scipio
1500
Gallograecians
1500
Gallograecian
2000
Cappadocians
Vzita
.
Caesar
30
,
29
,
13
,
14
,
28
,
Clearchus
was
to
fight
with
Artaxerxes
,
he
placed
his
owne
souldiers
in
the
right
corner
,
and
those
of
Meno
in
the
left
,
the
rest
were
ranged
in
the
midst
.
Without
the
corners
stood
the
light
armed
,
and
then
the
horsemen
equally
diuided
vtmost
.
Arbela
,
Darius
S.
Denys
S.
Denys
6000
Suitzers
enfans
perdus
4000
Suitzers
Iubaes
men
being
without
order
,
were
no
sooner
charged
,
but
they
fled
.
Cato
in
his
expedition
into
Spaine
taking
the
enemy
at
like
aduantage
,
and
charging
him
as
he
ranne
vp
and
downe
to
set
his
forces
in
array
,
did
easily
driue
him
out
of
the
field
.
practise
his
men
could
not
haue
taken
their
standings
themselues
,
they
had
that
day
quite
bene
ouerthrowen
by
their
The
Germanes
a
long
time
vsing
to
charge
their
enemies
with
more
violence
then
order
,
&
assailing
them
by
squadrons
seuerally
,
rather
then
with
an
ordered
army
;
were
ouerthrowen
by
the
Romanes
oft
times
:
but
when
by
long
vse
they
had
learned
the
Romane
array
,
and
obserued
it
,
they
preuailed
against
them
.
Cato
in
his
warres
against
the
Spaniards
,
relieuing
his
wearied
men
with
a
few
fresh
companies
encouraged
them
,
and
ouerthrew
the
enemies
.
Crassus
by
supplying
them
with
a
fresh
company
,
not
onely
restored
the
battell
,
but
made
all
the
enemies
to
runne
.
Where
all
the
force
of
the
army
is
employed
at
the
first
brunt
,
and
no
order
is
taken
for
supplies
,
as
in
a
certeine
battell
betwixt
the
Romaines
and
Volscians
:
the
successe
seldome
is
good
Caesar
in
the
encounter
he
had
with
the
Germanes
,
beganne
to
charge
them
with
that
part
of
his
armie
,
that
was
ordered
in
the
right
corner
,
for
that
hee
sawe
,
that
the
enemies
were
there
weakest
.
Asdrubal
coulde
not
haue
done
his
men
greater
wrong
,
then
to
make
them
stand
so
long
in
armes
before
the
battell
begunne
at
Metaurus
.
Annibal
at
the
battell
of
Trebia
would
not
bring
foorth
his
men
to
fight
,
before
hee
perceiued
the
Romanes
to
be
hungrie
,
and
almost
tyred
with
long
standing
.
As
in
the
beginning
of
warres
,
so
in
the
beginning
of
the
battell
there
is
great
aduantage
.
And
as
Pinarius
saide
to
his
men
lying
in
garrison
in
Aenna
a
Citie
of
Sicile
,
so
it
falleth
out
very
often
,
that
hee
that
draweth
the
sworde
soonest
,
first
obteineth
the
victorie
.
For
sayth
he
,
in
the
warres
of
France
,
it
hath
beene
noted
,
that
the
Protestants
did
alwayes
preuaile
more
charging
the
enemies
first
,
then
attending
the
enemies
demarche
and
charge
.
Moncontour
,
anno
1569.
Romane
Generall
by
this
strict
commaundement
and
execution
,
appointing
certaine
troupes
to
execute
it
,
made
his
armie
stand
resolutely
.
Of
Attilius
it
is
reported
,
that
when
his
army
beganne
to
giue
ground
by
killing
the
first
with
his
owne
hands
,
he
made
the
rest
to
make
head
against
the
enemie
:
that
souldiers
ought
more
to
feare
their
owne
Generall
,
then
the
enemie
.
then
is
he
to
bee
vrged
with
the
rest
of
our
strength
that
remaineth
entire
,
and
not
to
be
suffered
to
escape
.
Scipio
in
the
battell
with
Asdrubal
in
Spaine
,
when
the
Carthaginians
disliking
the
party
would
haue
retyred
wholly
together
,
did
so
presse
them
on
all
sides
,
that
before
they
could
recouer
any
place
of
safetie
,
they
were
forced
to
change
their
pace
,
and
euery
man
to
flye
for
his
life
.
In
the
battell
betwixt
Caesar
and
Pompey
it
is
not
good
to
presse
the
enemie
too
farre
,
and
that
a
bridge
of
golde
is
to
bee
made
to
those
that
flie
away
.
Gaston
de
fois
was
ouerthrowen
and
slaine
pursuing
the
Spaniards
,
that
retired
after
the
battell
of
Rauenna
.
And
diuers
others
driuing
the
enemie
to
dispaire
,
that
otherwise
would
haue
fledde
,
haue
hurt
themselues
.
Gaston
de
fois
Perseus
,
for
that
hauing
foyled
the
Romanes
with
his
horse
,
and
hauing
the
victorie
in
his
hand
,
he
did
not
pursue
the
rest
of
their
troupes
,
and
breake
them
,
but
suffered
them
to
passe
a
Riuer
quietly
;
is
condemned
for
a
man
of
no
iudgement
in
warres
.
Annibal
pursuing
the
Romanes
after
his
victorie
at
Trebia
,
had
sure
ouertaken
them
,
and
disordered
their
rierward
,
had
not
the
Numidian
horsemen
turned
aside
to
spoyle
the
campe
of
the
Romanes
.
And
in
the
time
of
the
Emperours
of
Rome
,
the
Germanes
had
giuen
the
Romanes
a
mightie
ouerthrowe
,
if
leauing
them
,
they
had
not
contended
among
themselues
who
shoulde
first
goe
to
spoyle
.
Taro
the
Italians
had
foyled
the
French
,
returning
out
of
the
kingdome
of
Naples
,
but
that
in
the
beginning
of
the
victorie
they
fell
to
spoyle
the
baggage
,
which
was
the
cause
of
their
owne
spoyle
and
ruine
.
The
same
was
the
cause
of
the
escape
of
the
French
,
and
losse
of
the
Venetians
at
Treui
.
Gaston
de
fois
at
the
taking
of
Brescia
made
proclamation
,
that
vpon
paine
of
death
,
no
man
shoulde
fall
to
spoyle
before
licence
giuen
:
yet
coulde
hee
not
keepe
his
souldiers
fingers
in
temper
.
Dutch
Reitres
Caesar
by
the
enemies
horse
alwayes
coasting
him
,
and
ready
to
charge
his
forragers
,
was
driuen
to
great
extremitie
for
want
of
victuals
.
In
Afrike
likewise
being
a
plaine
countrey
,
he
suffered
many
algaradaes
by
the
enemies
horsemen
,
often
charging
him
and
cutting
off
his
victuals
.
The
Protestants
in
the
encounter
at
S.
Gemme
in
Poitou
,
with
a
few
horsemen
,
defeated
diuers
olde
companies
of
shotte
led
by
Puigalliard
.
Dreux
an.
1589.
The
Sabines
,
saith
Liuy
,
were
put
out
of
their
araie
being
suddenly
charged
by
the
Romane
horsemen
.
The
Volscians
and
Aequians
after
long
fight
,
beganne
to
giue
ground
after
that
the
horesemen
had
broken
their
array
by
charging
them
in
the
midbattell
.
The
force
of
horesemen
for
their
violence
is
called
a
tempest
.
The
Romane
Generall
perceiuing
the
weakenes
of
the
enemies
battel
,
by
charging
them
with
his
horsemen
,
did
disorder
all
to
the
ensignes
,
after
which
entrance
made
,
he
cut
the
rest
in
pieces
with
his
armed
men
.
The
Corinthians
in
a
certaine
battell
,
hauing
put
the
Athenian
footemen
to
flight
,
were
accoyled
,
and
ouerthrowen
by
a
fewe
horsemen
.
The
fourth
and
last
vse
of
them
is
to
execute
,
and
pursue
those
that
are
put
to
flight
.
whatsoeuer
a
certaine
French
man
in
his
glorious
stile
vaunteth
of
the
strength
of
the
French
men
of
armes
.
France
,
and
did
alwayes
among
barbarous
nations
,
which
fought
out
of
order
.
yet
we
cannot
kill
many
,
nor
preuaile
against
him
,
that
is
swifter
of
foote
then
we
,
as
Clearchus
both
said
,
and
proued
by
experience
in
the
warres
against
Artaxerxes
.
When
Lucullus
his
men
were
much
afraide
of
Tygranes
his
barded
horses
,
he
willed
them
to
be
of
good
cheere
,
for
that
there
was
more
labour
in
spoyling
them
being
so
armed
,
then
in
foyling
them
:
they
were
so
vnweldy
.
Cyrus
had
diuers
barded
horses
in
his
iourney
against
his
brother
,
but
there
is
not
any
mention
of
any
seruice
that
they
did
.
Darius
The
armour
of
the
man
and
the
horse
is
so
heauie
,
and
so
boisterous
,
that
if
they
fall
,
there
they
lye
,
stopping
the
way
to
those
that
come
after
.
comming
into
this
Iland
had
onely
30.
horse
,
yet
foyling
the
enemie
with
his
footemen
,
with
those
fewe
horses
,
and
the
lustiest
of
his
young
men
he
so
pursued
them
,
that
many
remained
behinde
their
company
.
and
after
that
he
had
made
them
turne
their
backes
,
did
so
charge
them
with
some
fewe
horsemen
which
he
had
,
that
they
had
no
desire
to
returne
thither
againe
.
By
the
same
deuise
before
time
,
he
foyled
7000.
Gaules
well
horsed
,
with
a
very
fewe
of
his
owne
ayded
and
seconded
by
his
footemen
.
Xenophon
charging
the
enemie
that
would
haue
fled
from
him
with
a
few
carriage
horses
,
shewed
vnto
vs
,
that
bad
horses
serue
for
a
shift
to
follow
the
chace
,
and
run
better
then
good
footemen
.
Naples
,
12.
Italian
In
the
place
where
they
met
,
the
Italians
let
fal
certain
iauelins
,
which
those
that
were
first
vnhorsed
,
by
the
French
tooke
vp
,
&
ioyning
with
their
companions
,
&
striking
the
French
in
the
faces
,
preuailed
against
them
.
S.
Denis
Paris
,
being
France
,
Flanders
In
woodes
and
shrubbie
or
brushie
groundes
,
these
kinde
of
long
weapons
are
vnprofitable
,
and
vnweldie
.
The
Germanes
by
the
disaduantage
of
their
long
pikes
,
ᵈ
being
taken
in
such
ground
were
ouerthrowen
by
Germanicus
,
and
the
Romane
targettiers
.
battaile
of
Macedonian
pikes
Moncontour
the
Almaine
piquiers
abandoned
of
their
shot
,
were
miserably
shot
to
death
most
of
them
.
Frenchmen
in
time
past
had
some
that
were
armed
de
cap
en
pied
.
at
which
the
Romane
souldiers
laughed
vnable
by
reason
of
the
weight
of
their
armes
,
eyther
to
strike
the
enemie
,
or
to
defend
themselues
.
Therefore
did
they
hew
them
downe
with
billes
,
and
pollaxes
.
Scipio
with
his
targetters
cut
the
Carthaginian
archers
,
and
slingars
in
peeces
.
Targets
are
a
good
defence
against
stones
in
an
assault
,
and
whatsoeuer
is
throwen
from
hand
.
The
aduantage
of
their
armes
experience
prooueth
to
haue
beene
great
.
Brytaines
,
Gaules
but
in
their
furniture
,
and
armes
,
and
manner
of
fight
they
were
inferior
.
the
disastre
of
the
Lacedemonians
at
Pylos
,
of
the
Romanes
at
Trebia
,
of
the
Athenians
compassed
by
the
light
armed
Aetolians
,
of
Titurius
Sabinus
and
his
company
at
Vatuca
of
the
Almanes
at
Moncontour
,
where
heauie
armed
men
destitute
of
shot
and
light
armed
were
compassed
about
and
slaine
by
shot
,
archers
,
and
slingars
,
doth
declare
.
At
the
incounter
of
Rocheabeille
the
Protestants
had
14000.
shot
,
and
scarce
anie
pikes
Cyrus
in
his
array
placed
behinde
euerie
dozen
rankes
of
armed
men
certaine
archers
:
by
which
deuise
when
his
enemies
came
to
ioyne
battell
with
him
hee
preuailed
against
them
,
not
being
able
to
abide
the
arrowes
that
comming
ouer
the
formost
rankes
light
in
their
faces
,
and
other
bare
places
.
Gaston
de
Fois
sallying
out
of
the
Castell
,
tooke
the
towne
of
Brescia
notwithstanding
the
number
of
great
peeces
that
in
euery
streete
were
bracked
against
him
.
Antwerpe
Anno
1576.
were
they
broken
and
put
out
of
their
lodging
by
the
Suitzers
which
came
against
them
without
eyther
ordonance
,
of
shot
.
The
Admirall
after
the
vnhappy
encounter
at
Moncontour
with
the
reliques
of
his
army
,
trauersed
the
greatest
part
of
France
,
without
any
one
peece
of
great
ordonance
.
The
vse
of
great
ordonance
therefore
is
first
in
gardeing
of
towns
,
or
passages
:
some
litle
vse
it
hath
in
flanking
the
sides
of
our
campe
,
or
defending
the
streets
,
if
we
lodge
in
villages
:
secondly
in
battering
of
walles
,
or
opening
of
passages
.
Annibal
taking
his
bedde
,
and
giuing
out
,
that
hee
was
verie
sicke
,
which
rumour
flying
to
the
Romanes
made
them
secure
,
in
the
night
time
led
out
tenne
thousand
men
,
and
comming
on
a
sudden
surprised
Tarentum
.
an
intention
to
surprise
Puteoli
,
he
gaue
out
,
that
he
went
forth
with
his
army
to
sacrifice
at
the
lake
of
Claudius
Nero
caused
a
fame
to
flee
abroade
,
that
he
went
to
the
countrey
of
the
Lucanians
,
when
in
deede
hee
went
into
the
part
of
Gallia
Togata
,
that
is
now
called
la
Marca
.
Scipio
sending
men
to
intreat
with
Syphax
of
peace
,
caused
some
to
espy
his
campe
.
treating
of
peace
with
Iugurtha
,
did
by
fayre
promises
corrupt
most
of
his
folowers
.
An.
1588.
For
when
Scipio
had
put
men
aborde
,
and
prouided
many
things
,
as
for
a
siege
:
Syphax
beleeued
,
that
as
the
brute
went
,
he
meant
in
deede
to
besiege
Vtica
,
but
being
in
the
night
inuaded
,
and
seeing
his
campe
all
fired
;
hee
learned
with
the
losse
of
his
army
one
point
of
warre
,
neuer
to
trust
the
enemy
,
when
hee
giueth
out
such
reportes
.
Marcellus
espied
the
walles
of
Syracusae
:
and
another
time
entred
the
towne
of
Salapia
,
seasing
a
gate
.
Romane
Consull
giuing
out
a
report
at
the
time
of
the
beginning
of
the
battell
,
that
another
army
was
comming
to
charge
the
enemy
vpon
the
backe
,
made
the
enemy
hearing
it
to
doubt
,
and
his
own
souldiers
to
fight
more
courageously
.
made
the
enemy
feare
least
a
company
of
horsemen
were
comming
vpon
them
to
charge
them
vpon
the
backe
.
Which
being
practiced
long
before
against
the
Samnites
,
made
them
feare
,
&
looke
about
.
Annibal
Martigues
seeing
the
inconuenience
of
his
lodging
neere
Pampron
An.
1568.
at
the
shutting
of
the
euening
caused
all
his
company
to
displace
,
&
went
away
safely
,
abusing
the
enemy
with
fires
made
,
and
peeces
of
matches
tyed
among
bushes
.
Quintius
the
Romane
Generall
crying
out
aloud
,
that
the
other
corner
of
the
battel
of
the
Volscians
fled
,
made
that
where
he
stood
to
flie
in
deede
.
Valerius
Leuinus
Sempronius
a
famous
leader
among
them
into
an
ambush
,
promising
him
to
bring
him
to
the
speech
of
his
countrymen
,
of
whom
he
feined
himself
to
be
sent
vnto
him
.
armed
like
the
enemies
entring
within
their
strength
doe
now
and
then
abuse
them
,
and
giue
their
felowes
meanes
of
entrance
.
Titurius
Sabinus
Such
was
Sinons
counsell
,
who
as
Poets
feigne
betrayed
Troy
.
Histories
doe
feine
Annibal
to
haue
bene
;
and
diuers
of
the
Carthaginians
;
and
Lysander
among
the
Greekes
,
that
tooke
pleasure
in
deceiuing
of
men
with
great
othes
,
as
some
take
ioy
to
deceiue
children
with
small
toyes
.
the
Spaniards
Lombards
,
Gothes
,
&
Vandales
,
That
which
no
man
careth
for
,
is
neglected
,
and
least
can
that
be
auoyded
,
which
is
least
feared
,
as
sayth
.
Cyrus
by
diuerting
the
riuer
,
entred
Babylon
a
way
that
no
man
looked
for
him
:
&
Scipio
passing
the
lake
,
tooke
new
Carthage
.
So
was
Guerchy
,
and
his
company
ouertaken
in
the
practice
about
the
towne
of
Bourges
,
where
diuers
braue
men
lost
their
liues
,
while
the
enemy
that
knew
the
practice
,
was
ready
to
receiue
them
to
their
losse
.
Where
turning
backe
vpon
him
,
and
causing
those
that
lay
in
ambush
to
charge
him
on
the
sides
,
hee
cutte
many
of
the
Fidenians
in
peeces
.
Annibal
Trebia
,
hid
certaine
horsemen
in
the
marishes
,
and
bushes
neere
to
the
places
where
the
armies
were
to
ioyne
.
Whence
rising
vpon
a
sudden
,
as
the
army
of
the
Romanes
passed
by
them
,
they
made
a
great
tumult
,
and
slaughter
,
and
were
in
part
cause
of
the
victory
.
Philopoemen
charging
the
enemy
with
his
light
armed
,
and
afterwarde
causing
his
men
to
flie
backe
,
while
the
enemyranne
disorderly
after
the
chase
,
hee
receiued
his
owne
men
within
the
distances
of
his
armed
men
,
and
with
them
cut
in
peeces
those
that
folowed
.
Demosthenes
ranged
both
armed
men
,
and
archers
,
which
in
the
ioyning
of
the
battel
rising
out
of
their
places
should
charge
the
enemy
vpon
the
backe
.
Beauois
lying
in
waite
,
where
he
supposed
Caesars
souldiers
would
come
to
seeke
prouision
,
was
himselfe
and
his
company
cut
in
peeces
by
a
greater
number
then
he
looked
for
,
which
Caesar
sent
thither
hauing
intelligence
of
the
matter
before
hand
.
Labienus
had
placed
certaine
felowes
in
ambush
,
that
should
haue
charged
Caesars
army
,
as
the
same
passed
by
:
but
they
came
foorth
so
faintly
,
&
irresolutely
,
that
Caesars
horsemen
before
they
could
doe
any
thing
,
had
hewen
them
in
peeces
.
Dardanians
had
well
hoped
to
haue
executed
a
part
of
the
Macedonian
army
which
they
charged
vpon
the
backe
,
as
it
passed
through
the
countrey
;
but
before
they
were
aware
,
they
were
them selues
charged
by
them
that
folowed
after
,
and
were
taken
as
they
say
betweene
the
hammer
and
anuill
,
and
well
beaten
.
Annibal
had
the
happe
to
ouercome
the
Romanes
in
diuers
battels
,
but
he
had
not
the
wisdome
,
or
happe
to
vse
the
victory
.
wise
men
no
lesse
consider
how
they
may
keepe
,
them
winne
:
let
vs
see
,
if
God
would
so
much
fauour
vs
as
to
suffer
vs
to
winne
any
thing
hereafter
,
how
the
victory
may
be
vsed
,
An.
1588.
ceased
not
to
pursue
the
remaynder
so
long
,
vntill
all
yeelded
.
hee
did
not
leaue
him
vntill
hee
had
forced
him
to
take
Alexia
for
his
defence
Vanquishing
Pompey
in
open
fielde
he
would
not
suffer
him
to
take
Sanctuary
in
his
campe
,
but
droue
him
thence
,
and
rested
not
,
vntill
he
had
taken
his
flight
,
nor
before
the
reliques
of
his
army
that
fledde
to
the
hilles
thereby
,
had
yeelded
,
being
cut
from
water
.
Gaston
de
Fois
Pompey
,
after
he
had
giuen
Caesar
two
repulses
at
Dyrrhachium
,
had
vrged
the
reliques
of
his
armie
,
not
yet
being
recouered
from
their
late
affright
,
his
successe
had
bene
farre
better
.
caused
the
Aequians
to
aduenture
,
and
try
their
last
refuge
.
and
had
done
much
more
harme
,
had
not
some
wiser
then
the
rest
,
giuen
them
way
to
depart
out
of
the
campe
quietly
.
Aswell
in
good
successe
,
as
in
bad
,
a
prudent
Capteine
may
not
giue
himselfe
to
rest
.
Masinissa
Quintius
Cincinnatus
courage
of
the
Volscians
was
so
cooled
,
after
their
ouerthrowe
by
the
Romanes
,
that
they
yeelded
their
citie
for
feare
,
without
any
force
.
The
Rhodians
hauing
vanquished
the
enemy
in
open
fielde
,
spent
time
in
taking
of
certeine
paltry
hamlets
,
and
castles
:
whereas
if
they
had
vrged
the
enemy
,
as
they
might
haue
done
,
they
had
taken
Stratonicea
the
head
citie
of
the
countrey
.
otherwise
,
as
Scipio
said
,
it
is
a
matter
of
more
time
,
then
labour
.
Cressy
,
Poytiers
Iean
d'Angeli
Cannae
.
Philip
Titus
Quintius
That
Empire
is
most
firme
and
durable
,
which
the
subiects
do
willingly
embrace
,
and
gladly
continue
.
A
countrey
subdued
,
is
kept
by
the
same
meanes
that
it
was
subdued
;
that
is
by
fortitude
,
industrie
,
iustice
.
Colonies
.
The
Romanes
hauing
diuers
times
vanquished
the
Volscians
and
Sabines
,
and
yet
seeing
them
readie
to
rebell
,
for
to
keepe
them
in
order
,
placed
Romanes
in
the
towne
of
Velitri
,
and
in
the
mountaines
in
Norba
,
to
serue
as
castles
among
them
.
They
resolued
to
send
two
Colonies
into
the
countrey
of
the
Vestinians
,
and
the
territorie
neere
the
hill
Falernum
.
propugnacles
of
the
Romane
empire
.
Tacitus
Cremona
a
fortresse
and
propugnacle
against
the
Gaules
beyond
Padus
.
against
the
Thracians
in
defence
of
their
conquest
,
they
sent
ten
thousand
inhabitants
into
Strymon
.
Rochel
,
Poitiers
,
Limoges
,
Burdeaux
,
Agesilaus
,
to
be
mercifull
and
wise
both
together
.
the
eight
of
France
,
hauing
conquered
the
kingdome
of
Naples
,
and
diuided
the
roialties
,
yea
and
the
publike
store
among
his
Fauorites
:
when
neede
required
,
had
almost
nothing
to
maintaine
his
armie
;
and
therefore
as
vnwoorthie
of
so
good
happe
,
Cyrus
and
Cyaxaris
,
sheweth
that
for
maintenance
of
the
warres
,
and
of
countreys
vanquishe
:
an
armie
must
bee
maintained
,
and
that
an
armie
cannot
bee
maintained
,
vnlesse
the
reuenues
that
maintaine
it
be
certaine
,
and
continuall
.
arme
without
their
commandement
for
more
assurance
of
peace
,
brought
away
with
them
the
last
kings
friends
and
Fauorites
,
and
all
his
captaines
,
both
of
his
armie
and
nauie
,
and
likewise
men
of
apparence
and
qualitie
.
Priuernatians
desiring
peace
of
the
Romanes
,
and
offering
to
yeeld
themselues
:
being
demanded
how
long
they
would
keepe
it
,
answered
plainelie
,
that
if
the
conditions
were
reasonable
,
long
;
if
vnreasonable
and
vniust
,
no
longer
then
they
were
forced
.
the
successe
of
warres
is
doubtfull
,
and
Mars
now
one
,
then
an
another
:
The
forragers
sent
out
by
Cicero
at
Vatuca
,
being
charged
by
the
Germanes
retired
,
and
defended
themselues
well
,
as
long
as
they
kept
on
the
higher
ground
.
Pompeyes
men
that
chased
Caesars
souldiers
at
Dyrrhachium
pursue
them
,
after
that
they
once
saw
Antony
comming
with
succour
from
the
higher
ground
.
S.
Clere
Anno
1569
Philopoemen
charging
the
enemy
,
that
followed
the
chase
of
his
men
too
egerly
;
did
ouerthrow
him
.
At
Rauenna
the
Spaniards
that
remained
after
the
battel
vnbroken
,
retiring
in
good
order
,
and
vsing
the
aduantage
of
the
ground
,
did
so
receiue
the
enemy
that
charged
them
,
that
they
slew
the
General
,
and
diuers
of
his
company
.
Caesar
departing
from
Pompey
at
Dyrrhachium
,
that
he
might
not
be
charged
at
disaduantage
in
his
marche
,
tooke
this
course
.
The
sicke
,
hurt
,
and
baggage
of
the
campe
hee
sent
away
first
garded
with
one
Regiment
.
Other
Regiments
he
caused
to
marche
after
them
some
good
distance
:
with
two
legions
that
remained
hee
followed
last
.
By
this
meanes
Xenophon
retired
safe
with
his
men
from
Dryla
,
and
the
Bellouacians
escaped
the
handes
of
Caesar
,
in
the
warr●s
of
France
.
stopped
and
dammed
vp
all
the
gates
and
wayes
saue
one
,
long
as
the
Gaules
kept
on
the
higher
ground
,
and
straited
Caesars
victuals
,
hee
coulde
not
hurt
them
.
D.
Brutus
S.
Iean
d'Angeli
for
idlenesse
suffered
the
enemy
to
come
betweene
him
,
and
his
retraite
,
which
was
his
ruine
Caesar
.
Philip
Aous
,
encamped
with
his
forces
in
tempe
a
place
of
very
hard
accesse
;
put
gardes
in
the
cities
rounde
about
;
and
as
any
citie
or
castle
was
assailed
by
the
enemy
;
so
hee
succourd
the
same
with
men
,
and
other
necessary
prouision
.
Dyrrachium
,
yet
would
hee
not
acknowledge
them
to
his
souldiers
,
but
ascribed
the
slender
successe
of
his
enterprise
to
errour
,
rather
then
to
the
enemies
force
.
Vercingetorix
apparelled
them
,
and
hid
their
deformitie
,
and
diminished
with
the
best
wordes
hee
could
the
losse
of
the
towne
.
doeth
more
Morat
.
Phil.
comm
discourage
souldiers
,
then
when
they
see
the
Generall
himselfe
by
the
greatnesse
of
the
calamitie
discouraged
.
Varro
the
Romane
Consul
,
discouering
vnto
the
Capuans
the
wants
of
the
Romanes
,
and
the
great
calamitie
they
had
receiued
at
Cannae
,
thereby
thinking
to
mooue
pity
,
mooued
them
rather
to
reuolt
,
as
despairing
that
the
Romanes
could
euer
recouer
themselues
after
such
an
ouerthrow
.
Thucid.
2.
Carthaginians
,
assaulted
,
tooke
,
and
sackt
Carteia
the
principall
city
of
the
countrey
,
wherewith
other
small
cities
were
so
dismaid
,
that
they
submitted
themselues
,
&
paid
such
tribute
,
as
he
imposed
on
them
.
Taurinum
the
head
city
of
all
the
countrey
at
the
foot
of
the
Alpes
,
which
made
all
the
townes
thereabout
to
yeeld
themselues
.
Alexander
king
of
Epeirus
,
hauing
a
purpose
to
besiege
Leucadia
,
suffered
all
the
countrey
people
that
would
,
to
enter
the
towne
,
that
they
within
might
sooner
spend
their
victualls
.
Alexia
besieged
by
Caesar
began
to
send
out
women
,
and
children
,
and
aged
persons
,
such
as
onely
serued
to
spend
victualles
;
they
could
not
be
suffered
to
passe
.
Paris
,
an.
1590
which
hard
it
is
,
both
to
shew
mercy
,
and
wisedome
together
.
Caesar
by
a
mine
comming
to
the
vaines
of
the
spring
that
serued
Vxellodunum
,
tooke
away
the
water
from
the
towne
,
and
so
forced
the
same
to
yeeld
.
Megabazus
besieging
the
Athenians
in
the
Iland
Prosopis
in
Aegypt
,
by
a
deuice
turning
away
the
water
that
ran
into
the
hauen
,
where
their
ships
lay
,
set
their
ships
drie
,
and
gaue
entrance
to
his
men
,
&
tooke
away
all
escape
from
the
enemy
,
whose
ships
were
on
ground
.
an.
1568
anno
1569
The
Lacedemonians
besieging
Platea
,
cast
vp
a
banke
round
about
the
towne
,
the
same
they
garded
with
turrets
built
vpon
it
in
equal
distances
,
and
least
any
might
climbe
ouer
it
,
they
made
a
strong
Palissade
vpon
it
,
and
did
sticke
it
ful
of
stakes
.
Miletum
,
that
part
that
was
toward
the
land
,
they
compassed
with
three
bankes
and
so
many
ditches
,
and
with
their
ships
so
crossed
the
hauen
that
none
could
enter
or
issue
that
way
.
Caesar
France
.
Before
Alexia
first
he
made
a
trench
20
foote
broad
round
about
the
towne
.
This
trench
was
neerer
to
the
towne
then
his
campe
by
400
pases
.
Beside
that
he
made
two
other
trenches
without
that
,
each
of
them
was
15
foote
broad
,
and
behind
the
vtmost
of
the
two
,
a
banke
of
12
foote
hie
with
a
parapet
,
and
crenels
vpon
it
.
For
garde
whereof
he
caused
sharpe
forked
stakes
to
be
made
fast
in
them
.
Vpon
the
banke
he
built
turrets
round
about
,
one
of
them
in
distance
from
an
other
80
foote
:
in
the
ditches
he
pitched
sharpe
stakes
,
and
them
couered
with
hurdles
,
and
earth
.
The
ground
betwixt
the
trenches
he
set
full
of
sharpe
stakes
,
and
boords
full
of
sharpe
nailes
with
the
points
vpward
:
In
few
daies
he
compassed
the
citie
of
the
Aduaticans
,
with
a
banke
in
circuit
15
miles
,
in
height
12
foote
:
vpon
the
same
he
made
turrets
,
&
without
it
a
deepe
trench
.
Fuluius
in
the
siege
of
Capua
,
toward
the
towne
did
make
a
ditch
of
a
great
breadth
,
and
vpon
it
hee
raised
an
high
banke
with
turrets
vpon
the
same
round
about
the
towne
,
and
the
like
defences
he
made
against
the
enemie
without
,
so
that
not
so
much
as
a
messenger
could
goe
out
,
nor
any
succour
come
in
for
to
helpe
the
townsmen
.
Quintus
Cicero
Rochell
,
an.
1573.
an.
1569.
Porsena
practised
in
the
siege
of
Rome
,
and
not
long
since
the
Prince
of
Parma
in
the
siege
of
Antwarpe
.
The
Duke
of
Alua
did
so
in
the
siege
of
Arlem
,
anno
1567
Pont
Charenton
,
Pont
S.
Clou
,
Busenual
,
S.
Denis
,
Caes
.
bel
.
Gal.
7.
Caesar
lying
before
Auaricum
,
kept
two
legions
alwaies
ready
in
armes
to
defend
his
works
against
the
sudden
sallies
of
the
Townesmen
.
Lewis
the
11
of
France
,
and
Charles
of
Burgundy
,
lying
in
the
suburbes
of
Liege
,
a
towne
by
them
besieged
,
without
either
good
watch
,
or
stronge
garde
,
or
defence
,
escaped
very
narrowly
taking
,
by
them
that
sallied
in
the
night
out
of
the
towne
.
Amilcar
besieging
a
towne
in
Sicily
,
was
taken
in
his
campe
by
those
that
sallied
out
vpon
him
in
the
night
:
Athenians
besieging
Amphipolis
,
&
lying
without
sufficient
defence
,
or
watch
,
were
defeated
by
Brasidas
the
Spartan
.
anno
1573.
Philip
of
Macedonia
,
Romanes
.
Francis
to
besiege
Capua
,
prouided
corne
and
all
things
necessary
,
and
tooke
such
order
that
both
by
sea
and
land
they
had
supplies
comming
to
them
.
Caesar
Naples
.
Charles
Charitè
Anno
1569
Amyntas
lying
before
Memphis
was
discomfited
,
and
driuen
to
raise
his
siege
,
for
that
his
men
were
ranging
about
the
countrey
,
when
they
should
haue
bene
ready
to
defend
their
campe
,
and
repell
the
enemie
.
Zutphan
anno
1567.
same
incommodities
forced
Caesar
Borgia
to
rise
from
before
Faenza
well
beaten
with
winter
,
raine
,
and
foule
weather
.
Many
things
are
not
to
be
attempted
of
wise
leaders
,
yet
being
once
begunne
are
not
lightly
to
be
giuen
ouer
,
as
Marcellus
said
.
Perseuerance
,
and
constancie
in
euery
action
of
warre
preuaileth
much
,
but
most
in
the
sieges
of
cities
,
as
is
euident
by
the
great
patience
,
and
constancie
of
Caesars
souldiers
in
the
siege
of
Auaricum
,
and
Alexia
.
succours
that
came
to
Florence
were
by
this
meanes
defeated
,
or
euer
they
came
neere
.
Romulus
.
Byzantium
Bourges
,
anno
1569
Appius
Claudius
thinking
to
surprise
Vscana
a
towne
in
Illyrium
fell
into
a
trappe
layd
for
him
by
the
way
,
and
lost
8000
souldiers
.
The
Spaniards
that
thought
to
surprise
Gifona
a
towne
in
the
kingdome
of
Naples
,
were
no
sooner
entred
,
then
they
were
cut
in
pieces
500
of
them
:
towne
of
Diepe
had
bene
surprised
by
the
Protestants
,
an.
1569
,
had
not
one
witlesse
companion
discharged
a
pistole
,
the
sound
whereof
gaue
the
alarme
in
the
towne
before
thinges
were
ready
.
Lusignen
,
an.
1569
The
towne
of
Veij
was
surprised
by
Camillus
conueying
his
souldiers
into
the
towne
vnder
the
ground
through
a
mine
.
Seruilius
likewise
by
a
mine
entred
the
castle
of
Fidene
.
Chelar
Escalade
vpon
a
feast
day
at
night
,
when
the
Citizens
were
most
secure
.
The
Turkes
vnderstanding
the
disorder
of
Christians
in
their
carneuall
chose
that
time
to
scale
a
strong
Towne
in
Sclauony
,
and
while
the
Citizens
lay
sleepy
,
and
drunke
,
entred
the
same
.
At
that
time
of
the
night
Fabius
scaled
Arpi
.
Argentueil
anno
1568.
Charles
Duke
of
Burgundy
by
the
shortnes
of
his
ladders
fayled
of
the
taking
of
Beauuois
.
Thebans
entring
Platea
in
the
night
,
not
being
succoured
according
to
their
appointment
,
were
cut
in
pieces
by
the
Townesmen
in
the
morning
.
Whether
a
Martin
Skinke
The
Venetians
tooke
Brescia
from
the
French
,
entring
by
a
grate
through
which
the
riuer
issued
.
The
Protestants
by
a
grate
likewise
entred
Nismes
an.
1569.
hauing
slaine
the
tyrant
Nabis
,
and
taken
the
Towne
of
Sparta
,
while
he
should
haue
seased
the
walles
and
chiefe
places
,
and
set
order
for
the
defence
of
the
Towne
,
him selfe
spent
time
in
searching
out
the
tyrants
treasures
,
his
souldiers
in
seeking
pillage
,
in
which
meane
time
the
enemie
gathering
together
some
force
,
charged
him
in
this
disorder
,
and
in
a
short
space
cut
him
and
his
companie
in
pieces
.
In
the
late
braules
of
France
,
Colombel
hauing
surprised
Esscilles
,
a
strong
Castle
in
the
frontiers
of
Dauphinè
,
lost
the
same
within
fewe
dayes
after
,
for
that
hee
had
no
care
to
furnish
it
with
souldiers
,
and
victuals
.
Bouley
hauing
after
a
long
caualcade
,
spoyled
the
Towne
and
Faire
of
Milly
,
stayed
too
long
in
his
returne
,
which
gaue
the
enemie
leysure
to
sease
vpon
him
,
and
make
him
paye
his
life
for
that
he
had
taken
.
The
Duke
of
Orleance
hauing
surprised
Nouara
,
soone
lost
the
same
againe
,
for
that
hee
neither
prouided
more
victuals
,
nor
saued
those
that
hee
found
in
the
Towne
,
nor
set
order
for
the
gouernment
of
the
place
.
Which
ouersight
was
the
cause
of
the
losse
of
Naples
vnto
the
French
king
Charles
the
8.
for
giuing
away
all
the
victuals
that
were
in
the
newe
Castle
,
vnto
one
of
his
courtly
beggars
,
afterward
when
the
Towne
was
besieged
by
the
enemie
,
his
souldiers
albeit
they
begged
apace
,
could
not
tell
where
to
haue
a
bisket
cake
,
or
other
victuals
.
Demetrias
was
surprised
vnder
colour
of
bringing
home
of
a
chief
Citizen
from
banishment
corps
de
garde
la
Chatre
first
worke
not
,
if
the
ground
be
full
of
springs
,
or
rockes
.
The
Macedonians
going
about
to
vndermine
Lamia
,
were
frustrated
of
their
purpose
,
encountring
with
rockes
.
Secondly
beginning
to
digge
,
make
the
mine
crooked
,
that
the
force
of
the
powder
be
not
broken
hauing
vent
backward
.
Thirdly
see
that
the
distance
from
the
entrance
to
the
wall
be
well
measured
,
least
the
powder
be
placed
either
short
of
the
wall
,
or
beyond
it
.
Arriuing
to
the
foundation
of
the
wall
,
the
miners
are
first
to
make
a
broade
place
along
the
foundation
of
it
,
and
to
vnderproppe
the
earth
well
,
that
it
fall
not
:
secondly
they
are
to
place
their
barrels
of
powder
,
with
their
heads
knocked
of
,
and
bored
through
with
diuers
holes
,
and
to
strawe
powder
vpon
the
bordes
where
the
barrels
stand
.
Thirdly
they
are
to
conuey
a
match
well
boyled
in
gunpowder
in
a
pipe
of
wood
,
or
betweene
boordes
,
and
therein
also
to
make
a
traine
of
gunpowder
from
the
place
where
fire
is
to
be
giuen
to
the
barrels
:
their
next
care
is
to
see
the
mine
well
stopped
and
rammed
,
that
the
fire
breake
not
out
backward
.
Lastly
,
when
men
stand
ready
to
goe
to
the
assault
,
yet
without
danger
of
the
mine
,
and
when
the
defendants
approche
the
breach
,
the
fire
is
to
be
giuen
.
siege
of
Heraclea
the
assailants
making
fained
shews
2.
or
3.
days
of
comming
to
the
assalt
,
&
yet
doing
nothing
,
made
the
defendants
so
secure
,
that
when
they
came
indeed
with
al
their
forces
,
they
found
them
vnready
,
&
so
entred
.
Caesar
making
shewe
to
enter
at
the
place
of
easiest
accesse
,
tooke
the
campe
of
the
Alexandrians
,
scaling
it
where
they
least
looked
for
any
such
matter
.
not
as
Monlucs
men
did
at
the
siege
of
Niort
,
who
going
to
the
breach
,
paused
being
entred
the
ditch
.
Caesar
taking
Auaricum
by
scale
would
not
suffer
his
men
to
descend
into
the
towne
before
hee
had
filled
the
walles
with
men
.
By
this
meanes
Coriolanus
made
way
for
his
men
in
the
taking
of
Corioli
,
and
the
Spaniards
cleared
the
streets
in
the
sacke
of
Antwerpe
.
Camillus
making
proclamation
that
no
man
shoulde
bee
slaine
,
that
laide
downe
his
armes
,
tooke
a
certaine
towne
which
he
had
entred
quietly
:
which
otherwise
without
great
slaughter
he
could
not
haue
obtained
.
Duke
of
Orleance
neglecting
this
care
,
no
sooner
had
taken
Nouara
,
but
he
lost
it
againe
for
want
of
victuals
.
Corbueil
in
France
meanes
Caesars
souldiers
ruinated
the
walles
of
Massilia
:
and
Annibal
made
a
way
into
Saguntum
.
Sancerre
An.
1572.
Bordet
in
the
siege
of
Chartres
,
An.
1568.
wan
a
corner
of
a
raueline
.
Annibal
pretending
to
goe
to
sacrifice
at
the
lake
of
Auerne
,
did
presently
go
to
assault
Puteoli
:
The
Protestants
of
France
,
Anno
1568.
purposing
to
besiege
An
golesme
sent
Montgomery
before
with
certaine
troupes
of
horsemen
to
hinder
the
accesse
of
victuals
to
the
towne
.
Saguntum
Annibal
He
enuironed
the
towne
round
with
trenches
:
by
zapping
and
diuers
engins
he
made
a
breach
:
in
the
assault
fresh
men
succeeded
them
that
were
hurt
and
wearied
,
vntill
such
time
as
his
men
forced
the
breach
.
From
the
breach
his
men
marched
and
tooke
a
place
of
aduantage
:
others
scoured
the
streetes
,
and
hauing
assured
himselfe
of
the
towne
,
in
the
ende
he
tooke
the
castell
.
ᵇ
Carthage
Comimium
,
first
compassed
the
same
round
with
all
his
forces
:
against
the
gates
hee
opposed
certaine
troupes
to
repell
those
that
should
offer
to
sally
out
.
Couering
his
men
with
mantellets
of
wood
,
he
broke
open
the
gates
,
with
others
he
scaled
the
walles
,
marching
into
the
towne
with
his
men
in
order
,
beat
those
that
had
seized
the
market
place
:
and
assured
himselfe
of
the
walles
,
and
streetes
.
Zama
;
the
Romanes
hauing
a
signe
giuen
them
by
the
generall
at
one
instant
some
presented
the
scale
,
others
with
slings
,
&
stones
beat
the
defendants
,
others
zapped
the
walles
.
they
scaled
the
walles
in
an
other
place
,
they
garded
the
issues
with
towers
built
in
the
straitest
places
,
vpon
which
they
placed
their
engins
:
Scipio
did
the
hauen
when
he
besieged
Vtica
:
Porsena
did
in
the
riuer
of
Tyber
when
he
besieged
Rome
.
Before
they
went
to
assault
the
walles
,
they
filled
the
ditches
with
earth
.
The
men
that
laboured
,
they
couered
with
mantellets
made
of
square
timber
,
and
fensed
with
occum
made
of
olde
ropes
;
these
planed
the
earth
,
these
beganne
the
trenches
and
bankes
.
Taking
the
towne
,
first
they
assured
themselues
of
the
walles
,
and
gates
,
and
from
thence
in
good
order
they
went
to
take
the
open
places
of
the
towne
might
depart
from
his
ensigne
,
nor
run
to
spoile
,
but
after
a
signe
giuen
.
Poitiers
,
1569.
Rochell
,
Anno
1573.
Sancerre
Anno
1573.
Chateleraud
,
Anno
1569.
Xaintes
,
Scipio
the
enginer
Niort
,
Anno
Brouage
Anno
1570.
Domitius
was
blamed
by
Pompey
for
that
he
rashly
engaged
himselfe
and
his
company
in
Corfinium
,
without
his
commandement
.
Caesar
did
not
easily
spare
them
that
helde
out
vntill
hee
had
shaken
their
walles
:
those
that
otherwise
yeelded
,
he
vsed
with
all
clemency
.
as
we
are
not
rashly
to
abandon
a
town
that
may
be
defended
:
so
we
are
not
ignorantly
to
take
vpon
vs
the
defence
of
towns
not
tenable
.
Macedonia
.
The
rest
they
kept
with
strong
garrisons
.
Antiochus
did
foolishly
in
abandoning
Lysimachia
which
for
the
prouision
,
&
strength
that
was
in
the
place
,
might
haue
holden
the
army
of
the
Romans
at
bay
one
whole
yere
.
Perseus
king
of
Macedonia
commit
,
who
seeing
the
Romans
approch
forsooke
those
strayts
which
if
he
had
kept
he
might
haue
shut
them
in
both
behinde
&
before
.
Limages
,
Lusignen
Poitou
,
Bray
Seyne
,
Nogent
An.
1567.
Gaules
and
Belgians
thought
to
oppresse
Caesar
with
multitude
.
But
when
they
were
come
together
,
they
saw
that
such
numbers
could
not
be
mainteined
with
victuals
,
&
therfore
not
being
fought
withal
were
forced
to
scatter
of
themselues
.
Q.
Cicero
La
goleta
Romans
vnderstanding
of
the
comming
of
Porsena
to
besiege
their
city
,
sent
round
about
among
their
neighbors
to
prouide
corne
,
&
victuals
.
In
their
Castles
,
&
garrisons
they
had
alwayes
a
yeeres
prouision
before
hand
.
The
Athenians
understanding
the
desseins
of
their
enemies
to
besiege
them
,
stored
their
citie
with
prouision
for
many
yeeres
,
&
so
furnished
themselues
at
sea
,
that
what
they
could
not
haue
from
the
land
,
they
might
haue
abundantly
from
the
sea
.
Vercingetorix
practicing
this
at
Alexia
,
did
cause
his
victuals
to
serue
him
long
.
At
Massilia
vnderstanding
,
that
the
towne
would
be
besieged
,
they
prouided
corne
&
layd
it
vp
in
garners
.
Hie
Dutchland
which
that
which
otherwise
might
haue
serued
for
many
moneths
,
wil
be
spent
in
fewe
dayes
.
When
Themistocles
walled
Athens
,
so
willing
the
people
were
,
that
men
,
women
,
&
children
laboured
,
&
euery
man
was
content
that
the
stones
of
his
owne
house
,
yea
of
publike
houses
should
go
to
the
walling
and
fortifying
of
the
towne
.
Popilius
was
no
sooner
placed
in
garrison
at
Stratus
a
towne
of
the
Aetolians
,
but
he
seased
the
custody
of
the
gates
,
and
walles
into
his
owne
hands
.
The
Garrison
of
Megara
that
kept
in
the
castle
hauing
victuals
from
day
to
day
out
of
the
town
,
when
the
same
reuolted
were
driuen
also
to
yeelde
to
the
enemy
.
And
therefore
a
wise
Gouernor
will
prouide
that
such
can
not
hurt
him
,
though
they
would
.
So
a
certaine
Romane
perswaded
his
friend
to
deale
with
the
Hetruscians
.
Marcellus
would
not
suffer
them
of
Nola
to
come
neere
the
walles
,
or
gates
,
the
enemy
being
without
.
Neither
would
the
garrison
of
Syracusae
,
that
consisted
of
fugitiues
suffer
the
men
of
the
towne
to
come
to
the
walles
,
or
talke
with
the
enemy
that
besieged
them
,
or
whisper
together
.
Vaccians
in
Afrike
inuiting
the
Gouernor
of
the
towne
,
and
certaine
of
his
chiefe
commaunders
,
and
Captains
to
banquets
,
did
there
first
cut
their
throtes
&
afterward
setting
vpon
the
common
souldiers
destitute
of
heads
did
kil
them
also
,
&
so
yeelded
them selues
to
the
enemy
.
Eretria
was
taken
by
L.
Quintius
while
during
the
parley
of
peace
,
his
souldiers
espying
the
negligent
garde
of
the
townsmen
scaled
the
walles
.
France
Ann.
1569.
Syracusae
was
taken
on
a
night
when
the
souldiers
had
kept
Holiday
before
,
and
lay
drunke
without
feare
or
care
.
Nismes
Titurius
Sabinus
going
to
parley
with
Ambrorix
was
by
him
perfidiously
slaine
.
Paches
the
Athenian
deteined
Hippias
the
Gouernour
of
Notium
that
came
vpon
assurance
of
his
word
to
treat
with
him
of
peace
,
&
forced
him
to
deliuer
vp
the
town
.
Liuerotto
da
Fermo
Grauina
&
others
,
whom
Caesar
Borgia
inducing
by
faire
words
to
come
to
treat
with
him
of
peace
,
put
to
death
at
Senogallia
.
Mutines
the
Numidian
vpon
some
discontentment
offered
him
by
the
Carthaginians
whom
he
serued
,
by
the
helpe
of
his
countrymen
seased
a
gate
of
Agrigentum
,
&
gaue
entrance
to
the
Romanes
.
2.
Charles
duke
of
Burgundy
defeating
500.
archers
that
sallied
vpon
him
out
of
Piquigni
,
made
the
towne
to
yeeld
vnto
him
soone
after
for
want
of
men
.
Locrians
.
At
Nola
drawing
out
the
townesmen
,
he
circumuented
a
braue
troupe
of
horsemen
in
an
ambush
laid
for
them
.
Diaphanes
sallying
out
of
Pergamus
vpon
a
corps
de
gard
placed
by
Antiochus
before
the
towne
,
at
such
time
as
the
same
was
negligent
,
cut
the
same
in
pieces
.
Aluarus
Sandze
corps
de
gard
couert
way
When
the
enemie
went
about
to
smother
them
,
and
to
burne
their
engines
vpon
the
wall
,
they
defended
themselues
with
their
archerie
and
slingers
,
and
quenched
the
fire
with
water
and
earth
,
prouided
souldiers
,
brought
corne
out
of
the
countrey
into
the
citie
,
erected
workehouses
for
armes
,
brought
their
prouision
into
the
publike
store
,
repaired
their
walles
,
trimmed
vp
their
ships
.
Auaricum
:
they
frustrated
his
engines
with
hookes
and
other
engines
,
they
caused
his
mount
to
sinke
by
vndermining
.
The
like
did
the
Prenestins
against
Annibal
Aduaticans
besieged
by
Caesar
,
placed
great
stones
and
pieces
of
timber
vpon
the
walles
,
Vpon
those
that
set
the
ladders
to
the
walles
tumbled
downe
stones
,
and
pieces
of
timber
,
and
cast
vpon
them
pitch
&
brimstone
,
and
shot
and
cast
dartes
at
them
.
Carthage
in
Spaine
Chartres
,
an.
1568.
anno
1569.
an.
1573.
S.
Iean
d'Angeli
,
anno
1569
,
Chateleraud
,
anno
1569
Caleis
,
Bullein
,
Rochel
that
was
sent
to
succour
Miletum
,
by
forslowing
the
time
,
suffered
the
Athenians
to
take
the
Towne
.
Montegue
Capteine
,
that
for
two
hundred
souldiers
which
he
should
haue
mainteined
there
,
kept
but
twenty
,
and
sought
nothing
,
but
spoile
without
regarde
,
or
knowledge
of
the
keeping
of
the
place
.
being
besieged
in
his
campe
by
the
Hetruscians
,
inuading
them
vpon
a
sudden
a
little
before
day
,
killed
many
,
&
put
the
rest
to
flight
.
anno
1569
The
Aetolians
entring
into
the
Citie
of
the
Thaumacians
besieged
by
Philip
king
of
Macedonia
,
by
their
often
sallies
caused
him
to
raise
his
siege
.
Crispus
Naeuius
sallying
out
of
Apollonia
in
the
night
,
put
all
the
Macedonian
armie
that
lay
before
the
towne
in
disarray
,
and
caused
the
same
to
dislodge
.
Scipio
going
to
succour
his
friendes
besieged
,
passed
through
the
enemies
campe
in
the
night
,
and
presently
sallying
out
vpon
them
,
forced
them
to
relinquish
their
holde
.
The
rumor
of
Catoes
approches
with
succours
,
caused
the
Celtiberians
to
depart
from
a
towne
which
they
besieged
.
When
Appius
departed
from
the
siege
of
Phanotis
,
the
Capteine
of
the
towne
following
after
him
,
and
charging
him
in
streite
&
troublesome
waies
,
draw
a
line
direct
from
the
wall
long
two
&
twenty
pases
.
Italians
call
it
Orecchion
Spalla
del
Belnardio
la
Nouè
Porto
Hercole
Holland
,
Zeland
Plimmouth
,
Falmouth
a
dos
de
l'asue
a
fond
de
cuue
fausses
brayes
a
hundreth
thousand
duckats
building
William
stat
Prospero
Colonna
Numidians
that
were
left
in
garrison
at
Salapia
,
when
the
towne
was
betrayed
,
and
entred
by
the
enemie
,
attempted
to
breake
through
the
enemie
.
They
of
Plataea
driuen
to
great
extremitie
by
the
Lacedemonians
that
besieged
them
,
when
they
could
doe
no
more
for
want
of
victuals
,
in
a
darke
and
tempestuous
night
went
ouer
the
enemies
trenches
and
banks
,
and
so
escaped
.
They
of
Acerrae
despairing
the
defence
of
their
citie
,
when
they
sawe
the
enemie
to
begin
to
compasse
them
round
about
,
before
that
his
workes
were
continued
and
perfited
,
in
the
silent
night
passing
through
where
least
resistance
was
made
,
escaped
.
The
same
was
likewise
attempted
by
the
Gaules
besieged
by
Caesar
in
Auaricum
.
Romanes
dislike
with
the
garrison
at
Casilinum
that
compounded
with
Annibal
.
rewarded
them
for
holding
out
so
long
hauing
no
other
victuals
but
nuts
and
rootes
.
Nicolas
Serin
fact
of
Aenesidemus
gouernour
of
Argos
,
who
when
he
might
haue
escaped
,
the
citie
being
surrendred
,
chose
rather
to
die
armed
himselfe
alone
in
the
place
,
then
to
depart
,
is
rather
to
be
lamented
,
then
commended
,
or
followed
.
Terwin
,
Torney
,
Bollein
capitulation
of
S.
Iean
d'Angeli
the
captaines
and
souldiers
departed
with
their
armes
,
horses
,
and
baggage
.
The
garrison
of
Somieres
surrendring
the
towne
to
the
enemy
were
suffered
to
depart
with
their
armes
and
goods
,
and
had
seuen
dayes
respit
giuen
them
to
conuey
away
their
goods
in
.
that
all
capitulations
wherein
any
thing
that
belongeth
to
the
state
is
alienated
,
are
voide
and
of
no
force
.
Captaine
Piles
for
the
assurance
of
the
composition
of
S.
Iean
d'
Angeli
,
required
only
the
kinges
hand
and
seale
.
Bentiuogli
in
Bologna
would
not
capitulate
with
Caesar
Borgia
,
vnlesse
the
French
king
,
and
Florentines
would
giue
their
words
,
and
binde
themselues
for
performance
.
The
constable
of
France
would
not
trust
Lewis
the
eleuenth
his
othe
without
pledge
.
Sempronius
seeing
himselfe
betrayed
,
and
that
he
must
needs
die
,
exhorted
his
men
to
die
rather
fighting
and
doing
somewhat
,
in
which
case
men
haue
lesse
apprehension
of
death
,
then
vnder
the
kniues
of
executioners
.
Lantgraue
that
yeelded
himselfe
,
and
came
to
the
presence
of
Charles
the
fift
,
Maurice
of
Saxony
being
mediator
betwixt
them
,
vpon
cauill
about
one
word
,
was
contrary
to
his
meaning
,
deteined
prisoner
,
Lewis
Sforza
,
and
the
house
of
Medici
;
bewixt
pope
Iulio
the
second
,
and
Lewis
the
twelft
of
France
,
and
betwixt
them
and
Ferdinand
king
of
Spaine
is
euident
.
yet
so
long
as
they
were
strong
at
Sea
,
not
onely
had
all
things
necessarie
for
themselues
,
but
also
depriued
their
enemies
of
many
commodities
,
and
spoyled
their
coastes
by
diuers
sudden
incursions
.
The
Cities
likewise
on
the
coast
of
France
,
which
is
nowe
called
Briteine
,
although
they
could
not
defend
themselues
against
Caesars
forces
at
land
,
yet
suffered
no
great
losse
,
as
long
as
they
had
ships
to
commaund
at
Sea
.
Sext.
Pompeius
For
three
causes
especially
as
Fabius
witnesseth
did
the
Romanes
furnish
,
&
set
out
their
nauy
:
First
to
spoile
the
coast
of
Afrike
,
next
to
gard
the
coast
of
Italy
,
but
chiefly
to
hinder
that
no
supply
of
men
,
victuals
,
or
money
should
come
from
Carthage
to
Annibal
,
with
whom
then
they
had
great
wars
.
Octacilius
Caius
Laelius
comming
with
his
nauy
to
Hippo
on
the
coast
of
Afrike
landed
his
men
on
the
sudden
,
and
at
the
breake
of
day
led
forth
his
souldiers
,
&
mariners
in
warlike
manner
vnder
their
colours
,
and
made
a
great
spoile
,
for
that
as
in
time
of
peace
,
the
people
of
the
countrey
were
without
care
.
M.
Valerius
Octacilius
,
Laelius
The
king
of
Macedonia
did
place
garrisons
in
all
the
coast
townes
,
yet
was
he
not
able
to
gard
the
countrey
from
spoile
of
the
Romanes
,
that
out
of
their
nauy
landed
here
,
and
there
.
The
Athenians
notwithstanding
that
the
countrey
was
well
garded
both
with
horsemen
and
footemen
,
yet
landed
diuers
times
,
and
sacked
and
spoiled
diuers
townes
in
Peloponnesus
.
Nasidius
comming
vpon
a
sudden
into
the
hauen
of
Messana
tooke
out
a
ship
thence
in
the
sight
of
the
Townesmen
&
other
ships
.
Neither
could
the
Athenians
keepe
so
diligent
watch
at
their
beacons
,
but
that
the
enemie
comming
on
the
sudden
tooke
3.
ships
out
of
the
hauen
of
Salamine
,
&
set
the
towne
in
an
vprore
.
Nay
when
Pompey
held
all
the
port
townes
of
the
coast
of
Epeirus
with
strong
garisons
,
&
had
a
most
puissant
army
ready
,
yet
could
he
not
forbid
Caesar
to
land
his
army
that
came
against
him
,
&
in
a
calme
landed
his
men
among
rocks
.
Sarlabous
Oleron
an.
1569.
Which
happened
to
the
Athenians
landing
in
Peloponnesus
.
And
yet
going
to
the
next
harbor
,
they
tooke
the
place
,
and
staied
there
,
vntill
such
time
as
their
ships
could
come
vnto
them
.
Nabis
the
Lacedemonian
with
a
fewe
ships
so
watched
the
coast
,
that
no
victuals
could
come
to
the
Romanes
,
that
then
warred
against
the
Macedonians
in
Greece
.
By
the
same
course
the
Carthaginians
lying
incertaine
Ilands
at
the
receite
hindred
the
repaire
of
ships
that
brought
victuals
to
the
Romanes
.
Neither
could
they
redresse
this
disordred
before
they
had
taken
all
the
Ilands
from
them
,
and
driuen
their
ships
out
of
the
sea
Promontories
they
are
to
keepe
diligent
watch
at
beacons
.
Vpon
the
coast
they
are
to
mainteine
forces
both
on
horsebacke
&
foote
,
&
to
place
in
port
townes
good
garisons
.
If
the
Lacedemonians
had
repressed
their
anger
,
vntil
such
time
as
they
had
prouided
themselues
both
by
land
&
sea
,
as
Archidamus
counselled
them
;
they
had
done
more
hurt
then
they
did
to
the
Athenians
.
When
we
are
ready
to
depart
then
is
direction
to
be
giuen
vnto
the
chiefe
of
euery
ship
either
by
word
of
mouth
,
or
in
writing
sealed
,
&
to
be
opened
at
the
sea
.
Laelius
landed
at
Hippo
in
the
night
Claudius
lurking
behind
a
promontory
so
long
as
it
was
light
,
landed
his
men
in
the
euening
,
and
tooke
Chalcis
before
day
.
Neither
are
braue
actions
hindred
by
anything
more
,
then
by
pretence
of
feare
.
placing
corps
de
gard
Romanes
marching
dissolutely
after
their
landing
in
Afrike
,
and
thinking
their
comming
thither
was
onely
to
spoile
,
and
not
to
fight
,
were
discharged
of
their
burthens
,
&
driuen
to
their
ships
with
losse
.
Another
time
wandring
vp
and
downe
without
care
or
feare
,
they
were
drawen
into
an
ambush
,
and
driuen
backe
to
their
shippes
with
great
slaughter
,
and
shamefull
flight
.
Alexandria
when
Caesars
men
being
driuen
from
their
ground
,
would
haue
fled
to
their
ships
,
they
came
so
fast
,
that
they
sunke
the
botes
that
were
ready
to
receiue
them
,
so
that
fewe
escaped
,
saue
such
as
could
swimme
:
the
enemie
pressed
so
fast
vpon
them
,
and
so
litle
order
there
was
to
fauour
their
retrait
,
that
was
not
looked
for
.
The
like
disorder
happened
to
the
remnant
of
Curioes
souldiers
in
Afrike
.
as
is
euident
by
the
tumultuous
retrait
of
Appius
his
souldiers
,
that
ranne
to
their
ships
,
and
were
drowned
many
of
them
by
their
haste
,
when
the
enemie
whom
they
feared
,
folowed
not
.
The
Carthaginians
being
charged
by
the
Romanes
,
while
their
men
were
at
shore
,
were
ouer
throwen
at
sea
.
Neither
did
it
helpe
them
,
that
their
men
were
in
the
port
.
For
while
they
hasted
to
get
on
bord
,
&
to
prouide
themselues
to
fight
the
souldiers
hindred
the
mariners
,
the
mariners
crossed
the
souldiers
,
&
all
was
out
of
order
.
Greekes
that
went
vp
the
riuer
of
Pò
to
seeke
spoile
,
were
defeated
by
the
pesants
of
the
countrey
,
for
that
going
on
land
,
they
left
their
botes
in
the
riuer
without
defence
or
gard
,
which
being
seased
,
they
were
cut
from
their
retrait
.
Caesars
admirall
in
Spaine
,
burnt
Pompeis
ships
left
without
gard
,
while
he
&
his
men
were
gone
on
shore
to
feteh
in
water
,
&
other
prouision
.
So
he
that
escaped
Caesars
hands
in
the
ouerthrow
at
Munda
,
was
here
ouertaken
by
his
owne
negligence
.
The
same
happened
to
Didius
himself
also
.
For
fearing
no
enemie
at
sea
,
&
comming
himself
&
his
company
on
land
,
his
ships
were
suddenly
fired
by
certaine
Lusitanians
that
before
had
serued
Pompey
,
by
whom
also
himselfe
,
and
his
company
was
slaine
.
Athenians
taking
the
mouth
of
the
harbour
at
Pylos
,
shut
in
the
nauy
of
the
Lacedemonians
so
,
that
it
did
them
no
seruice
.
Sicile
.
For
taking
the
mouth
of
the
hauen
of
Syracusae
,
where
al
their
nauy
did
lie
,
they
draue
them
in
the
end
to
forsake
their
ships
,
which
was
the
beginning
of
that
calamitie
that
happened
to
them
in
Sicile
.
The
English
in
the
daies
of
Edward
the
3.
finding
certaine
Spanish
ships
in
a
certaine
hauen
in
Briteine
,
seasing
the
mouth
of
the
hauen
at
flowing
water
,
sending
certaine
boates
and
barkes
on
fire
among
them
fired
them
al.
Polyxenidas
admiral
vnto
Antiochus
,
taking
the
Rhodians
with
their
ships
in
a
strayte
,
kept
them
within
;
and
when
they
forced
to
come
out
,
which
they
could
not
doe
,
but
two
or
three
on
front
,
he
tooke
the
formost
before
the
rest
could
come
to
succour
,
and
so
destroyed
the
Rhodian
nauy
.
D.
Brutus
although
in
all
pointes
else
hee
were
superiour
to
the
Massilians
,
yet
by
reason
their
ships
were
lighter
and
swifter
,
could
he
not
ouerthrowe
them
,
although
many
times
hee
foyled
them
.
vp
turrets
and
frames
of
boordes
in
them
,
by
meanes
whereof
,
his
men
when
they
came
to
boording
did
easily
enter
the
enemies
shippes
,
and
foyled
them
.
hookes
in
the
yard
armes
he
cut
the
tacle
of
the
enemies
ships
in
the
same
fight
.
Carthaginian
shippes
encountring
with
the
Romanes
were
not
able
to
make
any
fight
for
want
of
souldiers
,
albeit
they
had
store
of
mariners
.
Medina
Sidonia
Don
Pedroes
Rochel
An.
1569.
in
the
encounter
betwixt
the
Spaniards
and
Philip
Doria
,
where
Hugh
Moncada
and
many
Spaniards
died
of
the
sword
,
not
of
the
bullet
.
Spaniards
,
French
Rhodians
in
their
fight
against
Antiochus
hanging
pots
of
fire
flaming
at
the
end
of
their
bowsprits
,
by
a
deuise
they
had
,
shaked
the
same
so
,
that
when
ech
boorded
other
,
it
fel
into
the
enemies
ships
.
Eleuen
ships
of
the
Athenians
discomfited
seuenty
shippes
of
the
Lacedemonians
being
in
disorder
,
and
fallen
aboord
one
of
an
other
.
Corinthians
ranged
their
owne
shippes
in
the
right
corner
,
the
shippes
of
Corcyra
were
diuided
into
three
parts
,
euery
one
of
which
had
his
seuerall
commander
.
After
a
signe
giuen
they
charged
the
enemy
.
Both
sides
had
many
armed
men
aboorde
beside
archers
and
slingars
:
and
fought
so
egrely
that
after
they
were
once
grapled
,
they
hardly
fell
off
againe
.
Polyxenidas
extended
the
left
wing
of
his
nauy
into
the
sea
,
in
the
right
wing
hee
ranged
his
ships
,
so
that
the
vttermost
of
them
were
neere
the
land
:
after
that
with
equall
front
he
sailed
forward
.
The
Romane
Admirall
Liuius
staying
for
those
shippes
that
were
not
come
vp
,
ranged
his
ships
in
order
,
and
set
al
things
in
order
to
fight
.
Himselfe
grapling
with
two
of
the
enemies
ships
,
that
came
on
ech
side
of
his
ship
,
caused
his
men
to
enter
them
.
Lepanto
,
first
were
ranged
certaine
great
galliasses
of
the
Venetians
,
some
prety
distance
one
from
an
other
.
Then
followed
the
rest
of
the
nauy
ranged
in
three
partes
,
and
supplied
with
others
following
after
them
.
The
galiasses
hauing
put
the
Turkes
in
some
disorder
,
the
rest
of
the
gallies
grapled
euerie
one
with
those
they
encountred
,
&
the
men
striued
to
boord
them
.
prouiding
for
the
sea
,
did
exercise
his
souldiers
and
marriners
with
fained
sea-fights
.
Rochell
,
An.
All
that
we
take
in
hand
is
subiect
to
infinit
chances
,
and
successe
of
battell
is
common
to
both
parties
.
Both
sides
haue
armes
,
and
the
strength
of
warre
consisteth
but
in
fraile
humane
bodies
.
Neither
do
euents
lesse
answere
our
expectation
in
any
thing
,
then
in
warres
.
Metellus
in
wordes
and
pretense
made
semblant
,
that
he
would
make
peace
with
Iugurtha
,
but
his
doings
were
the
effectes
of
most
sharp
warres
.
Maximilian
answered
,
that
thereby
he
hoped
to
giue
him
a
mortal
wound
when
least
he
looked
for
it
.
Sextus
Pompeius
by
a
fained
shew
of
peace
was
abused
by
Augustus
,
and
Lepidus
was
ensnared
vnder
colour
of
friendship
.
The
very
motion
and
mention
of
peace
doth
slake
the
preparatiues
of
warre
,
and
while
men
do
either
hope
or
desire
peace
,
they
stand
more
negligently
vpon
their
garde
.
Sometime
vnder
colour
of
seeking
peace
the
enemy
seeketh
delayes
,
vntill
such
time
as
he
himselfe
is
ready
.
Philip
Archidamus
counselled
the
Lacedemonians
rather
to
treat
of
peace
,
then
to
denounce
warre
vnto
the
Athenians
,
vntil
such
time
as
they
were
better
prouided
.
The
Ambassadors
of
the
Tencterians
and
other
Germans
desired
peace
of
Caesar
that
came
against
them
,
because
a
great
part
of
their
forces
was
from
them
.
trechery
is
wrought
vnder
colour
of
treaty
of
peace
.
Metellus
during
the
treaty
of
peace
with
Iugurtha
corrupted
most
of
his
friendes
.
Scipio
to
the
intent
his
men
might
haue
accesse
into
Syphax
his
campe
,
pretended
the
continuance
of
the
treaty
of
peace
,
albeit
he
misliked
the
conditions
,
and
meant
nothing
but
to
espy
his
campe
,
and
to
surprise
him
at
vn
wares
.
The
messengers
of
the
Ligurians
vnder
colour
of
treaty
of
peace
espyed
what
Aemilius
did
in
his
campe
.
Cotys
king
of
Thrace
vnder
colour
of
confirming
a
league
was
drawen
to
a
banquet
,
and
there
slaine
by
his
enemy
Rhecuporis
.
Caesar
Borgia
hauing
made
a
solemne
league
with
the
Duke
of
Grauina
&
other
Princes
of
Italy
,
contrary
to
his
othe
slew
them
hauing
them
once
in
his
hands
.
Perseus
king
of
Macedonia
,
if
a
vaine
hope
of
peace
had
not
blinded
his
eyes
,
might
then
with
aduantage
haue
begun
the
warres
when
him selfe
was
most
ready
,
and
the
Romanes
most
vnready
,
and
vnprouided
.
yet
would
he
not
haue
them
neglect
to
prouide
for
warre
.
Lewis
Sforza
,
that
fayth
is
rather
to
be
violated
,
then
wee
suffer
any
part
of
our
State
to
be
taken
from
vs
,
that
some
doe
nowe
put
in
practice
.
And
yet
breach
of
promise
is
oft
times
Guicciar.
16.
iustified
with
glorious
pretenses
Guiciar
.
lib.
1.
are
rather
made
friends
in
shew
,
then
in
effect
,
those
that
deale
wisely
doe
so
condition
with
the
enemy
,
that
if
hee
breake
,
they
may
haue
the
staffe
in
their
owne
handes
to
chastice
him
.
When
things
doe
hang
in
equall
ballance
,
then
is
the
fittest
time
to
treat
of
peace
by
the
iudgement
of
Annibal
,
and
then
most
equall
conditions
are
liked
of
both
parties
.
French
Kings
of
late
yeeres
did
so
often
breake
with
the
Protestants
,
that
they
litle
regarded
either
their
worde
,
or
their
letters
patents
.
the
fifth
,
would
not
trust
Clement
the
seuenth
for
all
his
paternities
holines
without
pledges
.
But
forasmuch
as
those
that
list
to
quarrell
,
neuer
want
pretense
Giulio
the
twelfth
tooke
exception
against
an
Article
agreed
vpon
betwixt
him
,
and
Lewis
the
twelfth
,
for
that
it
was
not
written
.
And
Ferdinand
of
Spaine
by
cunning
interpretation
of
wordes
,
did
directly
contrary
to
his
agreement
with
Charles
the
eight
of
France
.
Those
that
are
vanquished
whose
case
is
most
miserable
,
are
not
to
refuse
any
conditions
,
as
a
certaine
Spaniard
perswaded
the
Saguntins
.
Scipio
first
that
they
should
redeliuer
vp
all
prisoners
of
warre
which
they
had
taken
,
likewise
all
reuolters
,
and
fugitiues
:
secondly
that
they
should
withdraw
their
forces
out
of
Italy
and
Liguria
,
nor
afterward
meddle
with
Spaine
,
nor
the
Ilands
betwixt
Afrike
,
and
Italy
:
thirdly
that
they
should
deliuer
vp
all
their
shippes
of
warre
twenty
excepted
,
and
should
pay
500.
measures
of
wheate
and
3000.
of
barly
:
fourthly
that
they
should
not
make
warres
either
in
Afrike
,
or
out
of
Afrike
,
without
license
obteined
of
the
people
of
Rome
:
fiftly
that
they
should
restore
to
Massinissa
such
things
as
they
had
taken
from
him
,
and
should
pay
the
souldiers
,
and
finde
them
victuals
vntill
a
certaine
time
:
sixtly
that
they
should
deliuer
vp
their
Elephants
,
and
in
time
to
come
tame
no
more
:
seuenthly
that
in
50.
yeres
by
equall
portions
they
should
pay
10.
thousand
talents
,
&
lastly
for
performance
of
these
couenants
they
should
giue
a
hundred
hostages
neither
yonger
then
14.
yeres
,
nor
aboue
thirty
yeeres
of
age
:
if
these
things
were
performed
,
then
the
Romanes
promised
that
the
Carthaginians
should
liue
free
according
to
their
lawes
,
and
possesse
such
cities
and
countreys
in
Afrike
as
they
held
before
the
beginning
of
the
warres
.
Samnites
,
they
imposed
vpon
them
a
tribute
,
tooke
from
them
some
of
their
country
,
&
enioyned
them
to
furnish
them
with
so
many
souldiers
,
as
was
agreed
vpon
betwixt
them
.
Thasians
hauing
long
contended
with
the
Athenians
,
after
three
yeeres
siege
yeelded
,
&
had
peace
vpon
these
conditions
,
that
they
should
pull
downe
the
walles
of
their
city
,
and
deliuer
vp
their
ships
of
warre
,
&
pay
such
summes
of
money
as
were
due
before
that
time
,
forthwith
,
&
afterward
their
ordinary
tribute
,
as
it
should
be
due
:
and
finally
that
they
should
forgoe
their
mines
of
metall
,
&
possessions
they
had
in
the
mayn
land
.
For
that
was
the
cause
of
the
warres
both
against
the
Carthaginians
,
and
Nabis
,
and
Philip
of
Macedonia
,
and
diuers
other
.
the
11.
&
Charles
duke
of
Burgundy
:
betweene
Edward
the
4.
&
the
same
Lewis
,
and
the
associats
of
them
two
.
Peace
or
rather
truce
was
made
for
9.
yeres
:
the
conditions
on
the
French
kings
part
were
,
that
he
should
pay
certaine
crownes
,
&
that
the
Dolphin
of
France
should
marry
king
Edward
the
4.
his
daughter
,
and
haue
part
of
Guienne
for
the
maintenance
of
the
two
yong
married
folks
.
Carthaginians
entred
with
Syphax
into
a
stricter
bond
of
friendship
,
and
both
promised
eche
to
other
to
haue
the
same
for
friends
and
enemies
.
French
,
Sforza
Capuans
made
peace
with
Annibal
on
these
conditions
,
that
no
foreiner
either
in
warre
abroad
,
or
in
peace
at
home
should
haue
any
iurisdiction
ouer
a
citizen
of
Capua
,
&
that
no
citizen
of
Capua
should
be
forced
to
serue
in
warres
,
or
to
beare
office
against
his
will
,
nor
should
be
subiect
to
any
other
lawes
,
then
those
of
his
owne
countrey
.
as
they
of
Pisa
did
first
to
the
French
king
,
&
afterward
to
the
Venetians
,
&
as
the
Duke
of
Ghelderland
,
did
to
the
French
king
.
Lewis
the
12.
is
taxed
for
his
base
minde
,
for
that
he
couenanted
to
receiue
none
into
protection
,
that
were
the
subiects
or
did
depend
vpon
Iulio
the
2.
And
for
that
he
much
more
forsook
the
lord
of
Piombino
.
Likewise
are
the
Florentins
blamed
for
that
they
abandoned
the
house
of
Riarij
at
the
request
of
the
Pope
.
people
of
Rome
held
not
them selues
bound
with
the
treaty
made
at
Caudium
,
or
Numantia
,
being
made
without
their
autority
.
Lewis
the
11.
sent
Oliuer
somtime
his
barber
to
them
of
Gant
,
and
to
the
yong
Duchesse
of
Burgundy
,
but
the
man
was
heard
with
scorne
,
and
returned
without
effect
.
The
Romanes
not
onely
reuenged
sharply
the
death
of
their
Ambassadours
slayne
by
the
Fidenians
,
and
Illyrians
,
but
also
the
scorne
done
vnto
them
by
them
of
Corinth
.
King
Dauid
warred
vpon
the
children
of
Ammon
for
no
other
cause
,
but
for
an
abuse
offerd
to
his
messengers
.
Charles
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
put
all
the
garrison
of
the
Castle
of
Nele
to
the
sword
,
for
that
they
killed
his
messenger
sent
to
them
to
treat
with
them
of
peace
.
the
Romans
tooke
the
matter
very
heinously
at
the
hands
of
Perseus
king
of
Macedonia
.
The
death
of
Caesars
messengers
sent
to
a
city
vpon
the
sea
coast
of
Frauce
,
cost
all
the
chiefe
of
the
citizens
their
liues
.
The
rest
of
that
towne
Ceasar
sold
for
slaues
.
as
is
apparant
not
only
by
iustice
done
vpon
those
that
did
iniury
to
the
Ambassadors
of
Carthage
,
but
also
vpon
those
that
had
wronged
certaine
messengers
comming
from
Apollonia
.
Tatius
neglecting
to
do
iustice
vpon
those
that
had
wronged
the
messengers
of
the
Laurentins
,
was
him selfe
slaine
of
them
,
when
he
came
among
them
.
some
haue
supposed
that
it
belonged
not
to
such
messengers
,
as
come
from
rebels
.
and
did
not
offer
violence
to
those
which
were
sent
by
Antony
:
which
in
the
warres
among
the
Greekes
was
sometime
practiced
:
but
that
was
inhumane
cruelty
,
and
rather
hurtfull
to
them selues
,
then
to
the
enemy
.
deteined
the
messengers
of
the
Tenctherians
perceiuing
that
they
came
for
no
other
purpose
,
but
to
winne
time
,
and
to
espie
his
forces
.
The
blacke
Prince
caused
a
messenger
,
that
came
from
the
French
king
,
to
cite
him
to
appeare
in
the
Parliament
of
Paris
to
be
arested
:
Romanes
did
dismisse
the
Ambassadors
of
Tarquin
broching
a
conspiracie
in
Rome
,
and
the
Ambassadors
of
the
Volscians
,
that
came
as
espials
,
and
dismisse
Bernardin
Mendoza
,
that
was
an
abettor
,
if
not
a
contriuer
of
great
treasons
wrought
against
her
,
it
was
of
speciall
clemencie
and
fauour
,
rather
then
for
that
the
lawes
of
armes
require
it
.
Lawes
of
the
Romans
in
matters
of
publike
crimes
against
the
lawes
of
nations
make
ambassadors
to
answere
notwithstanding
their
priuiledge
.
Fabius
Ambustus
whose
foolish
babbling
was
no
small
hinderance
to
the
affaires
of
Edward
the
fourth
,
for
certaine
foolish
wordes
vttered
against
him
by
an
Ambassador
sent
from
the
king
to
his
father
.
great
honors
,
men
are
encouraged
to
make
great
aduentures
.
Men
do
willingly
hazard
,
and
bestow
labour
,
where
there
is
profite
,
and
honor
looked
for
.
Neither
is
there
any
thing
so
difficult
,
which
some
will
not
attempt
,
if
braue
seruice
be
recompensed
with
honorable
rewards
.
there
is
best
seruice
where
there
is
greatest
honor
for
wel
doing
,
and
contrariwise
where
there
is
no
reward
,
there
is
no
man
desireth
to
be
singular
.
Lysander
that
,
where
valiant
men
had
reward
,
and
cowards
punishment
,
that
common
wealth
pleased
him
best
.
Socrates
Of
all
lawes
,
saith
Demosthenes
,
those
deserue
best
to
be
continued
,
which
concerne
the
reward
of
good
men
,
and
the
punishment
of
lewd
lozels
.
For
neither
common
wealth
nor
priuate
house
can
stand
,
where
there
is
neither
reward
for
wel
doing
,
nor
punishment
for
the
contrary
.
Horatius
Cocles
Tyber
,
had
a
statue
of
marble
erected
in
the
place
of
common
meetings
for
continuance
of
his
memoriall
,
and
so
much
ground
giuen
him
as
he
could
compasse
with
his
plough
in
one
day
.
At
the
same
time
they
gaue
lands
also
to
Mutius
Scaeuola
for
his
singular
valiantnesse
.
Cornelius
gaue
vnto
Decius
a
crown
of
gold
,
and
an
hundred
oxen
,
to
euery
of
the
soldiers
that
went
with
him
double
allowance
of
victuals
,
an
oxe
&
two
sutes
of
apparell
.
In
the
warres
against
the
Samnites
,
Sp.
Nautius
,
Sp.
Papyrius
,
4
centurions
,
&
one
whole
squadron
of
targetters
(
the
Romans
call
them
hastatos
)
were
rewarded
with
brace
lets
&
coronets
of
gold
by
their
General
,
Caesar
for
his
valiant
seruice
advanced
Scaeua
to
the
highest
place
in
his
regiment
,
and
gaue
him
two
thousand
pieces
of
mony
,
the
whole
company
he
rewarded
with
double
pay
and
allowance
,
and
other
militarie
presentes
.
Scipio
gaue
coronets
of
gold
to
those
that
first
mounted
the
walles
,
and
rewarded
others
euery
man
according
to
his
desert
.
Romans
diuided
ordinarily
to
some
money
,
to
some
lands
.
Alexander
Seuerus
diuided
the
contrie
that
was
vpon
the
frontiers
among
the
souldiers
that
serued
there
.
Coruinus
doubteth
not
to
say
that
with
his
hands
he
had
wonne
to
himselfe
great
praise
&
three
Consulships
,
which
was
the
highest
dignitie
in
that
state
.
And
Decius
affirmeth
that
rewards
were
due
to
vertue
rather
then
nobilitie
.
which
had
the
spoiles
of
the
enemie
in
their
house
,
or
had
for
the
sauing
of
the
life
of
a
citizen
bene
rewarded
with
a
crowne
.
as
now
it
is
,
giuen
to
those
,
that
forsaking
their
coulours
runne
after
spoyle
,
leauing
the
labour
&
danger
to
others
The
Consuls
did
sell
and
diuide
the
spoyle
,
sayth
Liuy
,
and
rewarded
those
especially
by
whose
forwardnesse
the
enemies
campe
was
taken
,
&
before
others
,
two
captaines
whose
valiantnesse
was
singular
.
the
soldiers
had
euery
man
a
sute
of
apparell
and
82.
pieces
of
money
giuen
him
.
mentioneth
those
rewards
that
were
giuen
to
Rufus
Heluius
at
diuers
times
for
his
seruice
Constantine
was
most
bountifull
to
his
souldiers
,
and
gaue
the
rewardes
due
to
the
father
to
his
children
also
.
Marcellus
presented
Bantius
of
Nola
with
a
horse
and
furniture
for
his
good
seruice
.
Preneste
for
rewarde
of
a
noble
fact
done
by
them
,
had
double
pay
,
and
fiue
yeeres
vacation
from
seruice
.
The
Spaniards
had
possessions
giuen
them
in
Spayne
,
the
Numidians
in
Afrike
for
their
faithfull
seruice
against
Annibal
.
Ariadine
Barbarossa
Dragut
Reis
.
Ochiali
Bassa
The
common
souldier
is
made
Caporall
,
he
is
for
his
seruice
made
Serieant
,
the
Serieant
is
made
Ensigne
,
the
Ensigne
Captaine
,
who
if
he
deserue
well
,
is
afterward
preferred
to
bee
Colonel
,
and
then
master
of
the
campe
.
Iulian
Romero
,
By
which
abuses
the
discipline
of
warre
was
corrupted
by
Cassius
in
Spayne
,
Euripides
,
That
the
valiant
hath
no
more
reward
then
the
trecherous
coward
,
and
that
iniuries
are
sure
remembred
,
whereas
good
deeds
are
scarce
thought
vpon
,
Democritus
honored
them
,
as
two
diuine
things
.
requireth
peremptorie
&
sharpe
punishment
Reproofe
,
forfaitures
,
impositions
of
charge
,
change
of
degree
,
losse
of
place
,
dismissing
with
shame
,
yea
sometime
banishment
,
somtime
death
.
Therefore
were
those
that
offended
punished
,
that
there
might
appeare
a
difference
betwixt
valiantnesse
and
cowardise
.
At
the
end
of
warres
,
as
they
rewarded
valiant
men
,
so
they
forgot
not
to
punish
offenders
.
Fuluius
for
that
by
his
negligence
his
armie
was
discomfited
by
Annibal
at
Herdonea
,
himself
flying
among
the
foremost
,
was
driuen
into
banishment
.
M.
Posthumius
was
fined
10000
pieces
of
money
,
for
that
by
his
fault
,
&
leading
the
Romanes
were
ouerthrowen
at
Veij
.
Manlius
that
without
seueritie
the
warres
could
not
be
administred
,
as
Caesar
maketh
euident
vnto
vs
by
the
example
of
The
Athenians
did
punish
a
negligence
in
their
captains
that
did
not
take
vp
their
men
that
were
slaine
&
wracked
at
Arginusa
,
but
too
seuerely
5
,
by
sound
of
trumpet
published
such
orders
as
he
would
haue
obserued
.
yet
a
man
skilfull
in
matters
of
warre
,
for
reformation
of
diuers
disorders
crept
in
among
the
Spanish
souldiers
,
gaue
order
to
Sancho
de
Londonno
,
to
frame
certaine
statutes
in
writing
,
which
being
published
,
might
giue
them
particular
notice
of
their
duties
.
an.
1568.
did
publish
the
same
,
&
cause
both
the
nobilitie
&
other
soldiers
to
sweare
,
that
they
would
obserue
them
inuiolably
.
Before
Scipioes
comming
into
Spayne
,
the
Romanes
through
their
disorders
had
receiued
many
foiles
of
their
enemies
.
But
after
that
he
had
remooued
those
disorders
,
of
a
cowardly
and
disorderly
multitude
,
hee
made
a
most
victorious
armie
.
Afrike
,
who
remoouing
all
instruments
and
occasions
of
pleasure
and
slouthfulnesse
,
and
restoring
the
strict
orders
of
the
Romanes
in
their
marching
,
encamping
,
labours
and
watches
,
brought
Iugurtha
to
great
extremitie
,
which
before
that
time
ouercame
,
and
contemned
the
Romane
forces
.
Corbulo
by
like
seueritie
causing
the
Romane
souldiers
to
returne
to
the
obseruance
of
militarie
lawes
,
and
to
endure
labour
,
and
to
keepe
araie
,
and
to
refraine
their
outcourses
for
spoyles
,
obtained
diuers
great
victories
against
the
Parthians
and
others
.
1
EVerie
Morning
at
the
relieuing
of
the
watch
,
and
euerie
Euening
at
the
setting
of
the
watch
,
all
Captains
,
Souldiers
&
others
,
both
in
campe
and
garrison
,
either
in
some
speciall
place
to
bee
appointed
,
or
in
their
corps
de
garde
,
or
those
that
watch
,
in
their
garde
,
the
rest
in
some
other
place
shall
assemble
to
heare
prayers
,
and
other
exercises
of
Religion
.
2
No
enterprise
shal
be
taken
in
hand
,
but
the
companies
that
are
to
execute
the
same
,
shal
first
commend
themselues
to
God
,
and
pray
to
him
to
graunt
them
good
successe
.
3
Euery
Sunday
the
whole
company
at
houres
appointed
shal
meete
to
serue
God
,
so
much
as
the
necessities
of
warres
wil
permit
.
And
for
this
cause
a
conuenient
number
of
Ministers
are
to
be
enterteined
,
and
such
as
abuse
them
,
to
be
seuerely
punished
.
4
Notorious
swearers
,
and
blasphemers
shal
be
punished
according
to
the
qualitie
of
their
offence
,
yea
with
death
,
if
their
faults
be
heynous
.
5
All
abuses
of
Gods
word
,
and
holy
Name
in
cursing
,
banning
,
charming
and
whatsoeuer
other
vnlawful
practice
,
shal
be
punished
by
imprisonment
of
the
offenders
,
and
death
also
,
if
the
crime
be
heinous
,
and
the
example
scandalous
.
6
Many
offences
against
God
and
man
doe
spring
of
dicing
,
carding
,
and
other
such
vnlawfull
games
.
Therefore
let
all
dice
,
and
eardes
,
and
such
like
instruments
of
abuse
be
taken
away
as
much
as
may
be
,
and
let
such
gamesters
be
admonished
,
and
if
they
doe
not
so
leaue
,
and
reforme
themselues
,
let
them
be
imprisoned
.
7
Common
women
let
them
be
whipped
out
of
the
campe
,
and
garrison
,
and
such
souldiers
,
and
others
as
vse
their
company
,
let
them
be
imprisoned
.
Officers
that
giue
bad
examples
of
such
matters
,
let
them
loose
their
places
.
Suspicious
women
let
them
be
banished
the
campe
,
or
garrison
.
8
For
that
God
is
greatly
offended
with
drunkennes
,
and
the
abuses
that
come
of
it
,
and
forasmuch
also
as
campes
,
and
garrisons
are
thereby
much
disordered
,
and
many
good
men
suffer
for
the
abuse
of
such
lewd
drunkards
:
therefore
such
are
to
be
imprisoned
and
fedde
with
bread
and
water
,
so
long
as
the
qualitie
of
their
offence
shall
deserue
.
[
Concerning
Religion
.
The
very
Gentiles
in
matters
of
warre
were
most
deuout
,
and
religious
.
The
Romanes
yelded
such
honour
to
their
diuines
,
and
soothsayers
,
that
nothing
was
attemted
either
in
matters
of
peace
at
home
,
or
in
warres
abroade
,
but
after
consultation
with
them
.
sacrificed
to
their
God
,
and
besought
him
to
giue
them
good
successe
,
as
is
euident
in
all
their
attempts
against
Annibal
,
and
in
their
warres
against
Philip
of
Macedonia
and
caused
their
temples
to
be
set
open
,
that
euery
man
might
publikely
giue
thankes
.
Fabius
did
so
interpret
the
cause
of
the
calamitie
happened
vnto
them
in
the
ouerthrow
of
Flaminius
,
at
the
lake
Thrasimene
.
The
only
meanes
to
recouer
Gods
fauour
,
he
declared
to
be
reuerence
of
Religion
,
and
care
to
please
God
.
Camillus
all
good
successe
did
proceede
from
the
fauour
of
God
,
while
he
was
honoured
,
and
contrarywise
that
they
had
no
good
successe
since
Religion
was
by
them
contemned
.
Pontius
the
famous
captaine
of
the
Samnites
saith
,
that
as
God
fauoureth
or
disfauoureth
their
enterprises
,
so
they
sway
one
way
or
other
.
1
[
Euery
morning
&c.
2
[
No
enterprise
&c.
The
Romanes
departed
not
from
the
citie
to
goe
to
the
warres
,
but
first
they
pacified
the
wrath
of
God
,
that
God
would
giue
him
,
and
his
company
goodsuccesse
,
and
safe
returne
with
victorie
.
They
did
not
attempt
any
great
enterprise
,
but
they
made
their
supplications
before
all
their
gods
.
Fabius
Archidamus
bringing
his
army
before
Plataea
beganne
first
with
sacrifices
to
craue
the
fauour
of
God
,
after
his
heathenish
maner
.
Troy
.
Xenophon
encouraged
them
,
and
willed
them
to
put
their
confidence
in
God
,
for
that
he
was
able
to
saue
a
few
out
of
the
hands
of
many
,
in
what
danger
soeuer
they
were
.
Neither
was
euer
any
nation
so
barbarous
,
as
to
suppose
,
that
victory
came
from
other
,
then
God
,
or
could
be
procured
by
other
meanes
,
then
Religion
.
3
[
Euery
Sunday
&c.
Sanch.
de
Lond.
The
Spaniards
vnto
euery
tertio
,
or
Regiment
haue
diuers
Priestes
,
whom
they
haue
in
great
estimation
,
and
punish
those
that
doe
violate
them
either
in
worde
,
or
deede
.
4
[
Notorious
swearers
&c.
The
Spaniards
inflict
grieuous
Sanch.
de
Lond.
penalties
vpon
them
that
transgresse
in
this
behalfe
:
5
[
All
abuses
.
&c.
]
6
[
Many
offences
&c.
For
this
cause
the
Spaniard
in
time
of
seruice
,
doth
banish
all
Sanch.
de
Lond.
vnlawfull
games
7
[
Common
women
&c.
San.
de
Lond.
Spaniards
in
their
military
lawes
,
do
restreine
officers
,
by
losse
of
their
place
,
and
common
souldiers
,
by
other
punishment
,
from
this
abuse
.
8
[
For
that
god
&c.
]
If
conspirators
deserue
death
,
much
more
do
they
deserue
the
same
that
execute
their
treasons
,
and
conspiracies
.
There
is
no
surprise
nor
dangerous
treason
wrought
against
a
prince
or
his
army
,
or
garrisons
,
but
the
same
proceedeth
for
the
most
part
from
secret
practises
,
and
intelligence
of
traitors
with
the
enemy
.
Such
practises
therefore
are
not
onely
diligently
to
be
sought
out
,
but
also
seuerely
to
be
punished
.
hauing
notice
of
diuers
cities
in
that
had
communed
secretly
with
Neither
it
is
sufficient
for
any
to
allege
that
he
is
not
subiect
to
our
iurisdiction
,
for
whosoeuer
committeth
treason
against
vs
,
be
he
is
to
be
punished
Mutinous
I
do
not
call
them
,
that
vse
bad
words
to
their
captaines
,
or
that
demand
their
due
of
them
,
although
in
tumultuous
sort
,
albeit
some
do
so
take
it
,
and
haue
practised
it
.
yet
do
I
acknowledge
that
the
same
is
a
great
offence
,
and
to
be
punished
,
yet
not
in
the
degree
of
mutinie
.
But
Hee
that
Yet
are
not
all
mutinous
persons
to
be
punished
in
one
degree
.
Mutinous
I
account
them
also
,
that
dissuade
the
souldiers
from
performing
any
seruice
commanded
them
by
the
Generall
,
and
doe
thinke
that
they
deserue
no
lesse
punishment
.
The
Such
mutinies
are
diligently
to
be
suppressed
in
the
beginning
,
with
the
death
of
the
beginners
,
or
with
dismissing
some
of
the
principallest
.
This
is
nothing
but
a
transumpt
He
that
yeelded
to
the
Protestants
,
vpon
the
first
appearing
of
their
troupes
,
was
executed
at
by
expresse
commandement
of
the
king
.
So
that
not
onely
treachery
,
but
cowardise
,
and
negligence
deserueth
in
this
case
to
be
punished
.
caused
a
neere
kinsman
of
his
to
be
beaten
with
rods
,
and
afterward
to
serue
as
a
common
souldier
for
loosing
a
place
by
his
default
,
which
was
giuen
him
in
garde
.
There
is
nothing
that
can
excuse
a
gouernour
in
this
case
,
but
necessitie
,
to
wit
,
when
either
for
want
of
men
or
victuals
,
or
other
weaknesse
of
the
place
,
he
can
hold
out
no
longer
.
and
the
garrison
of
that
yeelded
the
towne
to
the
not
onely
excused
,
but
relieued
by
the
for
they
held
it
to
the
vttermost
.
The
suffered
those
to
compound
with
that
were
not
able
to
resist
his
force
.
Except
the
case
of
necessitie
prooued
by
men
of
iudgement
,
in
few
other
cases
can
those
that
surrender
places
to
the
enemie
,
be
excused
.
In
so
much
,
as
the
histories
report
Nay
it
is
not
lawfull
without
cause
manifested
before
the
counsell
,
so
much
as
to
or
motion
any
composition
with
the
enemie
.
After
the
death
How
many
cities
haue
vnder
colour
,
and
in
the
time
of
bene
betraied
,
I
haue
heretofore
declared
.
The
very
motion
of
parley
doeth
daunt
the
courage
of
souldiers
:
and
therefore
such
motions
are
not
to
bee
made
but
in
secret
counsell
,
and
in
extremitie
.
The
first
part
of
this
law
the
souldiers
when
they
were
first
enrolled
,
did
sweare
to
performe
;
the
second
part
is
comprised
in
the
lawes
against
such
as
depart
the
army
without
leaue
.
A
matter
very
dangerous
:
for
by
such
starting
aside
of
souldiers
,
many
garrisons
are
taken
vnprouided
,
and
many
companies
that
are
full
in
mosters
,
are
very
thin
in
time
of
seruice
.
And
therefore
although
among
vs
euery
captaine
of
a
companie
take
on
him
to
giue
licence
of
absence
,
yet
is
the
same
against
all
practise
of
warre
.
&
if
otherwise
it
were
,
the
army
might
be
dissolued
,
or
at
least
greatly
weakened
without
his
priuitie
,
&
the
cause
hindered
by
inferior
persons
trechery
.
It
is
a
great
fault
for
a
souldier
in
time
of
seruice
to
forsake
his
General
.
But
farre
greater
to
turne
his
hand
against
his
country
and
friends
,
and
to
flie
to
the
enemie
.
Such
therefore
deserue
no
fauour
,
being
not
only
traitors
,
but
enemies
.
Yet
would
I
not
haue
them
so
depriued
of
hope
of
mercy
,
but
that
they
may
find
fauour
,
if
they
with
any
new
seruice
can
blot
out
their
former
offence
.
No
man
fought
with
more
resolution
against
the
then
these
reuolters
If
then
such
poore
men
as
by
extremitie
and
want
are
driuen
to
flie
to
the
enemie
,
wil
voluntarily
returne
againe
and
craue
pardon
,
I
would
not
haue
them
debarred
from
hope
of
mercie
,
which
rigour
is
due
onely
to
stubborne
and
wilful
rebels
.
This
being
a
difference
,
and
somtime
,
as
in
the
darke
,
the
only
difference
whereby
souldiers
know
their
fellowes
,
great
care
is
to
be
taken
,
that
the
enemie
haue
no
notice
of
it
.
Which
happened
by
the
often
repetition
of
it
in
the
darke
.
By
the
same
the
enemie
either
passeth
away
safe
,
or
commeth
among
vs
without
resistance
.
Great
punishment
therefore
doeth
he
deserue
,
that
giueth
the
enemie
to
vnderstand
it
by
simplicitie
or
negligence
,
but
greater
if
by
trecherie
and
false
dealing
.
Likewise
doeth
he
deserue
punishment
that
neglecteth
his
watch
.
For
seeing
that
the
safetie
of
those
that
rest
,
consisteth
oft
times
in
the
watch
,
who
seeth
not
that
they
that
neglect
their
watch
,
betray
their
fellowes
safetie
?
the
By
the
lawes
Yet
woulde
I
not
that
any
man
in
punishing
these
faults
should
proceede
rashly
,
and
without
cause
spill
poore
soldiers
blood
,
that
is
so
willingly
spent
in
the
seruice
of
their
countrey
.
For
if
the
enemie
be
farre
off
,
and
the
danger
little
,
this
fault
is
much
lessened
.
By
two
meanes
especially
the
enemie
commeth
to
haue
notice
of
our
purpose
,
against
the
wil
and
purpose
of
him
that
giueth
the
notice
:
first
by
making
of
noyse
and
signes
,
which
may
be
heard
or
seene
of
the
enemie
being
farre
off
;
secondly
by
talking
and
prating
of
matters
,
that
ought
to
be
kept
secret
.
by
either
of
which
meanes
many
enterprises
are
broken
,
&
many
good
counsels
discouered
.
In
our
voyage
of
horsemen
that
coasted
our
companie
,
had
fallen
into
a
trappe
layd
for
them
,
if
one
rash
companion
had
not
discharged
his
piece
too
soone
,
&
therby
giuen
them
warning
before
they
entred
into
danger
.
If
that
la
garde
reporteth
that
in
ancient
time
the
English
did
take
an
oath
,
that
But
now
(
it
seemeth
)
that
custome
is
out
of
date
.
for
no
nation
doth
march
with
more
noyce
,
or
talke
more
willingly
.
Wherefore
although
these
matters
may
seeme
trifling
,
yet
experience
sheweth
what
impediments
they
bring
to
our
affaires
.
which
caused
mee
in
this
place
,
seeing
other
meanes
too
weake
to
worke
it
:
to
forbid
discharging
of
pieces
,
firing
of
houses
,
making
of
noyse
in
the
march
without
speciall
direction
;
and
also
talking
of
secrete
counsels
of
our
gouernours
at
any
time
,
and
to
wish
that
the
same
were
by
lawe
enacted
.
24
No
souldier
nor
other
shall
be
mostered
,
or
answere
in
two
companies
,
or
answere
to
two
names
in
one
company
,
nor
shall
any
victualler
,
or
other
that
is
no
souldier
,
passe
in
mosters
for
a
souldier
,
vpon
paine
of
death
.
25
No
souldier
that
hath
victualles
deliuered
vnto
him
for
certeine
dayes
,
shall
spoile
or
spend
the
same
in
lesse
time
,
then
is
appointed
vpon
paine
of
imprisonment
.
1
[
All
captaines
,
souldiers
&c.
]
the
common
souldier
might
neglect
the
commandement
of
his
captaine
,
the
captaine
of
his
colonell
,
the
colonell
of
his
superior
commanders
;
all
military
proceedings
would
fall
out
of
order
.
The
Generall
of
the
Romanes
killed
an
ensigne-bearer
that
refused
to
auance
himselfe
forward
among
the
enemies
,
as
he
was
commanded
.
Neither
may
they
or
others
make
resistance
against
those
officers
that
punish
them
for
their
offences
.
2
[
No
captaine
nor
officer
&c.
]
3
[
All
souldiers
&c.
4
[
No
captaine
nor
officer
&c.
]
After
that
Caesar
had
notice
how
Roscillus
and
AEgus
,
two
captaines
of
horsemen
,
had
defrauded
their
men
of
their
pay
,
and
taken
from
them
their
partes
of
the
spoile
,
as
soone
as
they
perceiued
it
,
fearing
punishment
,
they
fled
to
the
enemy
.
5
[
No
captaine
nor
other
&c.
]
The
army
of
Iulio
the
second
,
being
in
the
moster
rolles
double
the
number
that
it
was
indeed
,
could
doe
nothing
of
those
enterprises
that
were
intended
.
The
abuse
of
mosters
was
the
ruine
of
Francis
the
first
before
Pauy
.
Guicciardine
that
foure
thousand
Suitzers
were
mostred
,
and
payd
for
sixe
thousand
,
and
that
Lansqueners
seldome
are
halfe
so
many
,
as
are
conteined
in
the
moster
rolles
to
allow
captaines
honourable
maintenance
,
and
to
pay
euery
souldier
by
the
poll
,
as
the
Romanes
did
,
and
as
the
Spaniards
doe
,
that
haue
their
Pagadores
,
or
Paymasters
,
for
this
purpose
By
the
lawes
of
France
they
suffer
death
.
[
No
captaine
,
lieutenant
&c.
]
The
Spaniardes
at
mosters
pay
none
,
but
such
as
present
themselues
before
their
officers
with
their
armes
,
and
furniture
.
7
[
No
souldier
,
nor
other
,
&c.
]
This
was
the
death
of
Ponsenac
,
&
diuers
braue
men
an.
1569.
slaine
by
their
fellowes
in
a
skirmish
in
France
,
Pompey
himselfe
for
want
of
ready
pronouncing
the
worde
,
had
like
to
haue
bin
slaine
of
one
of
his
owne
souldiers
,
in
the
warres
against
Settorius
in
Spaine
.
8
[
No
captaine
,
officer
,
&c.
]
By
the
orders
of
the
Spanish
campe
,
the
captaine
looseth
his
place
,
the
souldier
is
banished
offending
herein
.
9
[
Captaines
,
&
officers
of
companies
&c.
]
and
to
see
that
their
soldiers
depart
not
the
place
,
nor
there
stay
in
disorder
.
They
of
the
garison
of
Aenna
could
not
haue
escaped
the
dangerous
practise
of
the
townesmen
against
them
,
but
by
continuall
watch
day
and
night
in
armes
.
The
Admirall
caused
a
certaine
ensigne
to
be
hanged
in
the
siege
of
Poytiers
for
that
hee
was
found
playing
at
cardes
,
while
his
company
watched
.
10
[
No
man
shall
march
&c.
]
Scipio
therefore
did
chastice
such
as
he
espied
out
of
their
rankes
,
with
a
Vine
wand
if
they
were
Romanes
riding
among
the
ranks
of
his
soldiers
as
they
were
marching
,
strooke
those
that
were
out
of
aray
with
his
leading
staffe
,
and
commaunded
the
colonels
and
captains
to
chastise
them
.
Samnites
bought
dearelie
the
spoiles
which
they
ranne
after
,
being
ouertaken
by
the
Romanes
in
disorder
.
11
[
No
companie
shall
,
&c.
]
The
Romans
in
the
siege
of
Veij
,
seeing
many
men
lost
by
sudden
skirmishes
,
betweene
the
towne
and
the
campe
,
forbade
their
soldiers
to
fight
any
more
without
commandement
.
Papyrius
would
haue
executed
the
generall
of
his
horse
,
for
that
hee
fought
contrary
to
his
commandement
,
albeit
he
returned
victorious
,
Manlius
Spaniards
neither
make
roade
nor
skirmish
without
direction
of
their
superior
commanders
.
12
[
No
soldier
shall
sell
&c.
]
To
sell
away
,
or
to
throw
away
their
armes
was
capital
to
the
Roman
Claudius
did
behead
those
soldiers
,
that
throwing
downe
their
armes
fledde
from
the
enemie
.
Lycurgus
that
it
was
better
for
a
man
to
loose
his
armes
,
then
his
life
.
exhorted
them
either
to
bring
them
backe
againe
,
or
to
die
valiantly
vpon
their
shields
.
Epaminondas
Chabrias
when
his
ship
was
ready
to
sinke
,
and
he
might
by
swimming
haue
saued
himselfe
,
chose
rather
to
die
with
his
armes
,
then
to
saue
himselfe
without
them
.
Aurelian
did
enioyne
his
soldiers
to
keepe
their
armes
whole
,
and
neate
.
Aemilius
required
no
more
of
his
souldiers
,
then
that
they
should
maintaine
their
bodies
in
strength
,
and
their
armes
fit
.
The
Spaniards
haue
at
this
day
great
care
,
that
euery
souldier
haue
all
his
armes
,
&
them
sound
and
fit
for
seruice
,
in
which
poynt
whosoeuer
offendeth
,
they
draw
him
out
of
his
ranke
with
shame
.
13
[
No
priuat
captaine
&c.
]
while
this
was
suffered
,
braue
men
were
dismissed
for
some
little
mony
,
and
weake
persons
receiued
in
their
places
,
and
the
pay
of
diuers
soldiers
emboursed
by
the
captaines
,
and
the
princes
seruice
slackely
perfourmed
.
Fuluius
While
in
the
ciuill
stirres
in
euery
souldier
came
,
&
went
at
pleasure
,
&
in
the
seruice
in
there
hath
not
bin
that
order
herein
,
that
was
requisite
;
neither
they
in
nor
others
could
at
any
time
assure
themselues
of
their
number
,
or
strength
.
Among
souldiers
there
can
be
no
greater
fault
,
then
to
forsake
their
ensignes
&
standing
,
&
so
to
run
out
of
the
field
.
Be
it
for
feare
,
or
spoile
,
the
same
is
grieuously
to
be
punished
.
In
this
case
would
haue
souldiers
to
feare
their
captaines
,
more
then
the
enemie
.
The
fault
of
those
that
runne
to
spoile
,
is
not
much
lesse
,
then
of
those
that
runne
away
.
banished
such
cowardly
persons
no
souldier
,
but
a
Philosopher
,
A
certaine
souldier
of
albeit
he
had
vanquished
his
enemy
,
yet
craued
pardon
,
for
that
he
was
driuen
to
forsake
his
shield
.
the
cries
,
tumult
,
and
running
vp
and
downe
of
disorderly
persons
do
much
discourage
yong
souldiers
,
The
punishment
of
the
offence
among
them
is
shame
,
and
infamy
.
Onelie
at
the
ioyning
of
the
battel
,
False
alarmes
disquiet
the
army
very
much
,
and
often
trouble
those
that
ought
to
rest
.
And
therfore
doth
the
enemy
oftentimes
suborne
some
to
keep
our
men
in
continuall
alarme
,
that
more
easily
he
may
preuaile
against
vs
being
tyred
and
ouerwatched
.
Those
The
penaltie
is
arbitrarie
,
and
may
be
more
or
lesse
,
according
to
the
qualitie
of
the
offence
.
Yet
in
auoyding
the
excesse
,
we
must
take
heede
that
we
runne
not
into
the
defect
;
and
so
for
want
of
warning
be
taken
vnprouided
.
If
this
did
not
fall
out
too
often
among
our
yong
souldiers
,
that
either
for
want
of
skill
,
or
through
feare
not
looking
before
them
do
kill
,
&
hurt
their
fellowes
,
this
law
might
seeme
needles
.
But
as
now
it
is
,
I
would
thinke
this
law
very
profitable
,
if
by
this
prouiso
the
souldiers
might
be
made
more
wary
.
By
the
same
not
only
those
that
hurt
others
negligently
,
but
also
,
&
much
more
they
that
hurt
their
felows
maliciously
are
to
be
punished
.
contended
among
themselues
rather
who
should
kill
most
enemies
,
then
who
could
ouercome
most
of
their
fellowes
.
And
therefore
did
seldome
anie
quarrell
or
braule
arise
among
companions
.
Among
vs
nothing
is
more
common
,
neither
will
any
law
serue
to
restraine
such
disorders
.
Yet
do
I
not
doubt
,
but
if
these
lawes
whereby
not
onely
the
original
,
that
is
,
iniurious
wordes
and
deedes
,
but
also
the
meanes
,
that
is
,
challenges
and
acceptance
of
challenges
is
taken
away
,
were
executed
,
and
braulers
punished
,
that
these
faults
would
be
lesse
common
.
In
experience
wee
finde
that
these
spadassines
,
and
common
quarellers
prooue
not
most
resolute
souldiers
.
Many
inconueniences
come
of
these
quarels
.
For
not
onely
braue
men
are
often
lost
,
but
also
the
common
cause
hindred
by
them
.
The
Those
that
know
what
necessities
poore
souldiers
are
driuen
vnto
,
cannot
chuse
but
pity
their
estate
that
contrary
to
orders
of
law
are
forced
to
shift
.
Yet
for
the
necessitie
of
some
,
the
disorder
of
others
,
that
as
they
stole
at
home
,
so
steale
abroad
,
may
not
passe
vnpunished
.
saith
he
Of
the
it
is
reported
,
that
he
put
one
of
his
souldiers
to
death
for
taking
away
a
poore
womans
milke
.
To
restraine
this
disorder
the
souldiers
when
they
were
first
inrolled
did
sweare
that
they
would
bring
to
the
general
,
or
his
deputy
,
whatsoeuer
they
should
take
vp
.
Onely
certaine
trifling
things
were
excepted
.
And
put
to
death
al
that
legion
that
driuing
out
the
townsmen
seized
to
their
owne
vse
In
summe
,
the
ancient
orders
of
warre
require
,
that
not
only
souldiers
,
and
others
within
the
campe
or
garrison
,
possesse
their
armes
,
and
goods
in
peace
,
but
also
that
our
associats
,
and
friends
be
kept
from
spoyle
.
Many
things
may
be
found
in
the
enemies
countrey
,
which
might
greatly
benefit
the
army
,
if
they
could
be
saued
from
the
wanton
spoyle
of
the
souldier
.
Wherefore
that
souldiers
fall
not
into
needlesse
wants
through
their
owne
default
;
let
this
law
among
others
be
diligently
executed
.
Such
offences
as
by
ciuil
lawes
are
punished
at
home
,
ought
to
haue
like
punishment
abroad
.
Yet
must
the
Iudges
and
Officers
that
dealt
herein
,
proceede
with
great
discretion
.
For
small
matters
in
time
of
peace
,
as
neglecting
of
the
watch
,
and
disobedience
against
Officers
,
are
seuerely
punished
in
time
of
warres
:
and
contrariwise
great
matters
in
time
of
peace
,
are
for
some
euident
cause
neglected
in
warres
.
Againe
in
time
of
peace
proceeding
is
flow
,
and
formes
are
obserued
:
but
in
proceeding
in
martiall
causes
neither
formalities
,
nor
delayes
are
admitted
.
Prouided
alwayes
,
that
in
cutting
off
formalities
,
and
delayes
iniustice
be
not
done
.
The
fift
lawe
of
this
Chapter
concerneth
Captains
and
Officers
,
this
is
proper
to
souldiers
and
such
as
passe
for
souldiers
.
Both
are
litle
ynough
to
redresse
disorders
,
and
if
there
were
diuers
other
lawes
made
to
the
same
purpose
,
yet
were
it
good
if
all
could
remedy
the
inconueniences
that
follow
false
and
fraudulent
dealing
in
mosters
.
Military
discipline
is
so
farre
growne
out
of
vse
,
that
men
are
constreined
,
by
expresse
lawes
to
prescribe
many
particular
matters
,
which
otherwise
might
seeme
either
trifling
or
needeles
.
And
among
other
things
as
you
see
,
that
souldiers
dispence
and
spend
their
victuals
moderatly
,
or
rather
sparingly
.
for
he
that
betime
spareth
not
,
very
timely
shall
want
.
Many
are
the
commodities
that
proceede
of
camarades
:
For
which
cause
it
were
to
be
wished
,
that
very
commonly
,
so
among
vs
our
companies
were
diuided
into
camaradaes
,
and
that
such
as
violate
the
lawes
of
societi●
should
be
sharpely
punished
.
The
cries
and
disorders
of
some
lewd
persons
that
take
no
delight
but
in
their
owne
lewdnesse
,
and
disorder
giueth
occasion
of
this
law
sufficient
.
And
all
litle
enough
to
stop
their
mouths
,
and
procure
others
rest
.
In
the
army
there
was
in
time
past
great
quietnesse
in
the
night
:
and
now
the
after
the
watch
set
vse
great
silence
.
The
wandring
vp
and
down
of
souldiers
,
and
others
after
that
time
doth
couer
spies
:
which
if
euery
man
resort
to
his
quarter
,
cannot
long
lie
hidden
.
Besides
this
inconuenience
,
while
souldiers
lodge
out
of
their
quarter
,
the
same
falleth
out
to
be
vnfurnished
oftentimes
,
if
the
enemy
should
then
chance
to
assault
it
,
and
espials
cannot
be
discouered
,
nor
the
dangers
of
secret
meetings
auoyded
.
For
which
cause
order
is
to
be
giuen
,
that
all
do
lodge
in
their
owne
quarter
,
and
giue
notice
to
their
superiors
,
if
any
stranger
,
or
suspected
person
lodge
there
.
While
this
is
neglected
,
the
way
is
made
easie
vp
to
the
rampire
,
gardes
and
sentinels
are
abused
,
and
espials
passe
in
and
out
,
and
are
not
espied
.
Infinite
abuses
come
into
the
campe
by
these
meanes
.
Victuals
are
consumed
,
disorder
increased
.
And
therefore
as
purged
his
campe
at
of
all
superfluous
persons
,
so
allowing
boyes
to
captaines
and
certaine
officers
,
the
rest
are
to
be
banished
as
much
as
may
be
.
The
stubburnnesse
of
some
,
and
daintinesse
of
others
,
that
either
refuse
to
worke
,
or
thinke
it
not
belonging
to
the
profession
of
a
souldier
to
worke
,
hath
giuen
but
too
iust
cause
of
this
law
;
which
is
therfore
set
downe
,
that
euery
man
not
hindred
with
hurts
,
&
sicknes
may
know
the
it
is
the
duty
of
a
souldier
no
lesse
to
worke
with
a
spade
in
trenches
,
then
to
fight
with
the
sword
in
the
open
field
.
The
as
before
I
haue
shewed
,
generally
set
hand
to
the
worke
:
which
made
them
victorious
oftentimes
without
setting
hand
to
the
sword
.
But
since
our
souldiers
beganne
to
put
such
brauery
in
their
silkes
,
it
is
no
maruel
if
they
haue
made
difficulty
to
mire
themselues
.
For
nothing
is
more
contrary
to
silkes
then
mire
.
Yet
do
not
the
that
thinke
themselues
as
braue
as
the
best
,
thinke
themselues
by
these
labours
any
whit
disgraced
.
The
safette
of
the
campe
,
and
garrison
is
oft
reposed
in
the
diligence
of
the
sentinell
,
by
whose
watchfulnes
others
rest
assured
.
The
more
seuerely
therefore
ought
his
negligence
to
be
punished
.
as
before
I
haue
shewed
,
and
now
the
to
auoyd
the
sleeping
of
sentinels
,
ordered
,
that
they
should
stand
,
or
walke
,
which
others
likewise
do
now
practise
.
There
cannot
be
too
much
diligence
vsed
in
this
behalf
.
The
incommodities
that
come
of
infection
of
the
aire
,
occasioned
by
the
filthines
of
the
place
,
are
so
many
:
&
the
thing
so
loathsome
.
without
law
proceeded
herein
very
carefully
,
by
reason
of
their
continuall
experience
.
The
ancient
orders
of
the
that
carried
victuals
with
them
sufficient
for
their
company
,
being
out
of
practise
,
and
the
prouision
of
the
armie
being
made
now
from
day
to
day
by
victuallers
,
that
for
gaine
folow
the
campe
:
it
standeth
the
Generall
vpon
to
see
that
they
may
safely
come
and
go
:
and
that
victualles
may
be
prouided
and
saued
.
Neither
are
victuals
onely
to
be
looked
vnto
,
but
also
corne-mils
,
and
houses
,
and
granges
,
that
may
serue
for
the
vse
of
the
army
:
streames
of
water
are
to
be
kept
cleane
,
not
onely
for
the
vse
of
men
,
but
of
cattell
also
.
These
lawes
being
wel
obserued
,
and
prouision
made
not
only
of
victuals
,
&
things
necessary
for
the
whole
,
but
also
of
phisick
&
places
of
ease
for
the
sick
,
&
hurt
,
I
would
wel
hope
,
that
matters
would
proceed
in
better
order
among
souldiers
,
than
they
haue
done
heretofore
.
How
many
voyages
haue
bin
broken
of
late
time
for
want
of
gouernement
,
euery
one
that
is
acquainted
with
sea
causes
,
that
haue
passed
of
late
,
vnderstandeth
.
Nothing
therefore
is
more
requisit
,
then
that
such
as
go
in
those
seruices
that
hereafter
shal
be
attempted
,
should
haue
both
authority
to
do
iustice
,
&
a
forme
of
proceeding
set
before
them
.
For
this
cause
I
haue
made
this
light
,
and
as
it
were
first
draught
,
that
men
of
wisedome
&
experience
seeing
what
is
wanting
therein
,
may
adde
more
,
and
bring
the
same
to
more
perfection
.
Those
lawes
that
concerne
treacheries
against
the
prince
and
state
,
or
against
the
Generall
,
or
else
concerne
mutinies
,
disobedience
,
braules
,
murders
,
or
else
are
common
in
seruice
at
land
,
and
sea
,
I
haue
not
here
set
downe
,
for
auoyding
vnnecessary
repetitions
.
Yet
are
they
no
lesse
necessary
at
sea
,
then
at
land
.
And
therefore
let
them
be
borrowed
thence
,
that
no
militarie
disorder
,
nor
other
offence
escape
vnpunished
.
The
want
of
this
consideration
,
hath
bin
cause
that
many
notorious
treasons
and
villenies
haue
escaped
without
punishment
.
I
wil
not
name
particulars
,
for
that
my
meaning
is
rather
to
prouide
against
future
disorders
,
then
to
haue
the
sword
drawne
for
matters
forepassed
.
Onely
let
there
bee
heereafter
care
,
that
such
as
go
to
sea
may
be
furnished
with
authoritie
to
do
iustice
,
&
that
rules
be
set
downe
,
that
they
may
know
what
to
doe
.
The
Admirall
of
in
time
of
peace
at
home
hath
speciall
care
of
this
matter
.
In
ciuill
warres
all
things
are
in
garboile
.
Which
many
do
wonder
how
in
our
daies
certaine
officers
contrarie
to
all
custome
do
come
to
challenge
,
especially
in
goods
taken
by
reprisall
.
Where
if
law
might
take
place
,
neither
the
taker
,
nor
other
ought
to
haue
more
then
hath
beene
taken
from
him
in
forraine
countries
.
But
if
men
will
needes
haue
a
tenth
,
yet
let
them
haue
a
tenth
of
the
care
that
ships
may
go
foorth
well
furnished
,
that
they
be
not
lost
,
and
the
land
disfurnished
in
time
of
seruice
.
Euery
gunner
,
and
petite
officer
in
the
Queenes
ships
can
tell
the
mysterie
of
this
law
.
I
woulde
it
were
so
wel
knowne
how
we
might
meete
with
their
filcheries
.
The
best
means
is
to
looke
to
matters
narrowly
,
and
to
punish
such
companions
as
offend
,
seuerely
.
As
at
land
,
so
at
sea
,
if
colonels
,
captaines
,
and
masters
do
not
execute
the
Generalles
commaundement
:
there
can
be
no
performance
of
seruice
.
If
ships
may
straggle
from
the
company
,
and
go
on
pilfering
,
or
vpon
euery
light
occasion
returne
,
and
leaue
their
Generall
at
sea
,
or
if
priuat
men
may
take
vpon
them
to
dissuade
men
from
doing
that
,
which
the
Generall
hath
commanded
,
and
all
this
without
feare
of
punishment
,
as
hath
bene
doone
in
some
countries
,
but
too
much
heretofore
in
voyages
at
sea
:
there
can
be
no
better
hope
of
successe
,
then
hath
beene
had
heretofore
.
This
law
hath
two
parts
:
the
first
is
against
such
as
attempt
matters
without
direction
,
by
which
meanes
,
they
either
endanger
themselues
going
single
,
or
else
breake
the
general
purpose
of
the
action
:
the
second
is
against
cowards
and
traitors
,
that
looke
on
while
their
fellowes
fight
:
against
which
no
punishment
can
be
deuised
sufficient
.
The
like
reason
is
in
fight
at
sea
.
For
if
when
one
ship
entreth
the
battel
,
the
rest
do
not
second
her
,
or
if
when
one
ship
is
charged
,
the
rest
come
not
to
succor
:
there
is
no
hope
,
that
any
great
seruice
can
be
done
at
sea
.
The
lawes
of
this
section
that
folow
are
plaine
enough
of
themselues
,
and
most
of
them
like
to
those
that
are
ordained
for
good
seruice
at
land
;
and
therfore
I
purpose
not
to
spend
words
in
explaning
that
,
whose
reasons
euery
man
may
easily
conceiue
of
himselfe
.
1
WHatsoeuer
commissary
,
or
officer
appointed
for
leuy
,
or
muster
of
souldiers
,
or
prouision
of
victuals
,
munition
,
armes
,
weapons
,
cariages
,
ships
,
or
other
matter
,
doth
deale
therein
fraudulently
,
or
negligently
,
let
him
be
imprisoned
,
&
fined
,
and
make
satisfaction
;
and
if
the
crime
deserue
it
,
let
him
suffer
death
for
it
.
Scipio
and
his
Officers
were
condemned
,
&
fined
for
ransacking
the
friends
and
associates
of
the
Romans
in
Asia
.
Aquilius
Sicile
.
Against
the
exactions
,
and
fraudes
of
Officers
,
they
framed
diuers
lawes
,
whereby
they
not
only
punished
the
offenders
,
but
caused
restitution
,
and
reparation
of
damages
to
be
made
.
Hee
that
by
occasion
of
passing
his
army
by
any
city
,
or
countrey
extorted
any
thing
,
was
bound
to
restore
double
.
The
examples
of
those
that
tooke
money
for
redemption
of
lodging
,
and
passing
of
souldiers
are
rare
.
Tacitus
doth
mention
it
in
one
Fabius
Valens
,
as
a
notorious
and
singuler
griedines
,
and
filthy
kind
of
gaine
.
That
equallity
might
be
therin
obserued
,
Arcadius
&
Honorius
,
decreed
that
no
souldier
lodging
in
any
mans
house
should
haue
more
,
then
one
third
part
therof
,
the
rest
to
remaine
to
the
owner
,
&
his
family
.
The
lawes
of
France
vpon
paine
of
death
forbid
their
furriers
or
quartermasters
to
take
any
money
of
any
,
either
for
lodging
,
or
for
sparing
them
for
lodging
.
By
the
law
Iulia
made
against
exactions
of
Officers
,
hee
was
banished
,
and
condemned
to
make
restitution
,
that
either
for
choosing
or
dismissing
of
souldiers
receiued
mony
.
Cassius
caused
a
reuolt
in
Spaine
by
reason
of
the
peoples
discontentment
.
For
that
he
exacted
mony
of
such
,
as
would
not
go
with
him
into
Afrike
,
whither
he
pretended
a
voyage
,
that
rich
men
being
inrolled
might
redeeme
them selues
with
great
summes
of
mony
.
Of
which
abuse
Caesar
had
no
sooner
vnderstanding
,
but
he
gaue
order
for
to
displace
him
.
The
Romanes
condemned
those
Colonels
,
Captains
,
and
Officers
,
that
brought
in
false
moster
rolles
,
or
inter
cepted
the
pay
of
souldiers
to
pay
foure
folde
,
and
to
loose
their
places
.
By
the
constitutions
of
France
such
as
deale
in
mosters
fraudulently
,
whether
they
be
Officers
or
others
,
are
condemned
to
dye
:
M.
Posthumius
and
other
marchants
for
deceit
vsed
in
prouision
of
victuals
,
and
other
necessaries
for
the
army
in
Spaine
,
and
for
giuing
in
false
accompts
,
and
pretence
of
losse
,
where
in
deede
they
lost
nothing
,
were
banished
the
citie
of
Rome
,
and
all
their
goods
confiscate
.
Caesar
disarmed
,
and
dismissed
Auienus
,
for
that
in
a
ship
wherein
he
should
haue
transported
souldiers
into
Afrike
,
hee
put
nothing
but
his
owne
priuate
seruants
,
and
goods
.
And
for
that
diuers
of
his
men
,
and
ships
were
intercepted
,
and
taken
by
the
enemy
,
as
they
passed
into
Afrike
,
hee
dismissed
his
Admirall
,
and
others
,
and
put
them
from
their
charge
.
1
AFter
that
the
enemy
is
driuen
out
of
the
field
,
or
the
fortresse
or
towne
besieged
is
entred
,
yet
shall
no
man
leaue
his
ranke
,
or
ensigne
to
runne
to
spoyle
before
licence
,
or
a
signe
giuen
vpon
paine
of
death
.
2
Whatsoeuer
aduenturers
that
serue
vpon
their
owne
charge
,
and
are
not
enrolled
in
companies
that
receiue
pay
of
the
Prince
or
State
,
shal
winne
from
the
enemy
by
their
owne
labour
:
that
shall
they
haue
diuided
among
them selues
,
except
a
fift
part
that
goeth
to
the
Prince
.
If
they
ioyne
with
other
companies
in
consort
;
then
shall
there
be
a
proportion
made
of
the
spoyle
according
the
number
of
aduenturers
,
and
other
souldiers
.
Prouided
alwayes
that
no
aduenturers
attempt
any
enterprise
without
direction
from
the
Generall
,
or
lord
Martiall
.
3
All
spoyles
taken
from
the
enemy
belong
to
the
Prince
,
or
State
,
that
payeth
the
army
.
And
therefore
whatsoeuer
any
souldier
shall
take
or
finde
,
being
in
value
aboue
ten
shillings
,
the
same
is
to
be
brought
to
the
Generall
,
or
his
deputy
vpon
paine
of
imprisonment
,
and
losse
of
the
double
value
of
the
thing
concealed
.
By
this
meanes
the
Generall
may
reward
the
most
valiant
&
forward
souldiers
,
&
haue
wherewith
to
make
payment
of
the
souldiers
wages
.
4
Euery
man
shall
haue
liberty
to
ransome
his
prisoner
taken
in
warres
at
his
owne
pleasure
.
But
if
once
he
compound
with
his
prisoner
,
that
composition
shall
stand
,
if
it
be
made
without
fraude
.
Also
if
the
prisoner
be
a
Prince
,
or
great
man
,
then
the
Generall
is
to
haue
the
prisoner
to
make
what
commodity
hee
can
of
him
for
the
benefit
of
his
Prince
and
countrey
;
allowing
to
the
taker
either
the
valew
of
the
prisoner
,
or
an
honorable
reward
.
1
[
After
that
the
enemy
&c.
]
Charles
Duke
of
Burgundy
hauing
in
the
taking
of
Liege
made
proclamation
against
breaking
of
Churches
,
killed
a
certaine
souldier
with
his
owne
hands
,
for
that
he
tooke
him
in
the
manner
doing
contrary
to
his
commandement
.
2
[
Whatsoeuer
aduenturers
&c.
3
[
Al
spoyles
taken
&c.
]
Therefore
did
the
Romanes
bring
all
the
spoyle
to
the
Generall
for
the
most
part
;
and
Moses
hauing
vanquished
the
Midianites
,
after
hee
had
the
spoyle
brought
to
him
;
diuided
it
among
all
the
souldiers
.
4
[
Euery
man
shall
haue
&c.
]
but
in
the
end
,
saith
Thucidides
,
this
cruelty
displeased
them
both
.
1
THat
the
auctours
of
disorders
may
be
detected
and
punishment
awarded
accordingly
,
it
shal
be
lawfull
for
the
iudge
Marshall
,
or
others
that
haue
commission
from
the
Generall
,
or
lorde
Martiall
to
do
iustice
,
to
enquire
of
the
auctours
,
and
circumstances
of
offences
committed
,
by
the
othes
of
such
,
and
so
many
as
they
thinke
conuenient
,
and
shal
further
vse
all
meanes
for
examination
,
and
triall
of
persons
accused
,
dilated
,
suspected
,
or
defamed
.
2
All
causes
and
controuersies
arising
betweene
Captaines
,
and
souldiers
or
others
within
the
campe
,
or
townes
of
garrison
,
shal
be
heard
and
discussed
summarily
,
and
execution
done
according
to
military
lawes
without
appeale
or
relation
,
vnlesse
the
greatnes
of
the
cause
,
or
other
circumstance
require
stay
,
or
deliberation
.
3
If
any
Captaine
,
Gentleman
,
or
souldier
declare
or
make
his
testament
,
or
last
will
of
goods
he
hath
in
campe
,
or
fortresse
,
or
which
he
hath
gotten
in
seruice
,
the
same
shall
be
enrolled
in
the
iudge
Martials
office
,
and
executed
by
those
that
are
named
executors
:
if
no
will
be
made
,
then
shall
his
goods
descend
to
his
next
kinred
,
or
wife
if
he
haue
any
.
If
he
haue
none
,
or
if
none
come
to
demaund
his
goods
,
within
one
yeere
:
then
shall
his
goods
be
bestowed
on
the
poore
souldiers
of
the
regiment
,
or
company
,
the
diuision
being
made
by
two
or
three
deputed
to
administer
them
.
4
The
Prouost
Martiall
shal
see
all
iudgements
,
sentences
,
and
commandements
of
the
General
,
high
Martiall
,
or
iudge
Martiall
put
in
execution
.
5
Euery
souldier
,
and
other
person
shall
assist
the
Prouost
Martiall
,
and
his
Officers
apprehending
of
malefactors
,
and
executing
of
iustice
,
vpon
paine
of
imprisonment
,
neither
shall
any
rescue
a
prisoner
taken
,
or
to
be
taken
for
any
capitall
crime
,
vpon
payne
of
death
.
6
No
man
shall
interrupt
or
trouble
the
iudge
Martiall
or
Officers
of
iustice
,
doing
their
office
,
but
vpon
request
made
shall
be
ready
to
assist
them
vpon
paine
of
imprisonment
.
7
No
gaoler
nor
prison
keeper
shall
refuse
to
keepe
a
prisoner
committed
to
his
charge
,
or
dismisse
him
being
once
receiued
without
warrant
,
vpon
like
paine
as
hee
should
haue
suffered
,
that
is
so
dismissed
▪
or
suffered
to
escape
.
8
Wheresoeuer
there
is
not
speciall
order
set
downe
in
lawes
already
written
,
and
published
,
there
the
ancient
course
of
military
discipline
shall
be
obserued
,
vntill
such
time
as
the
Generall
or
the
Officers
appointed
for
the
administration
of
iustice
,
cause
order
to
be
taken
,
and
by
sound
of
drumme
to
be
published
,
which
shall
afterward
stand
in
force
.
9
If
any
that
is
culpable
of
any
notorious
disorder
do
flie
ouer
into
England
,
hoping
thereby
to
escape
the
danger
of
martiall
lawes
;
the
same
party
vpon
request
made
to
the
Iustices
,
Sherifes
,
Maiors
,
Baylifes
,
or
Constables
,
shal
be
sent
backe
to
the
campe
to
the
Prouost
martiall
.
And
euery
of
them
shall
doe
their
endeuour
to
assist
those
that
are
sent
for
the
apprehension
of
him
.
But
if
request
be
made
for
the
punishment
of
him
,
then
shall
the
same
offender
be
tryed
before
the
Iudges
,
at
the
next
assises
,
and
by
them
be
punished
.
10
Although
the
warres
be
ended
,
yet
are
those
that
offend
against
the
lawes
of
armes
and
during
that
time
are
not
punished
,
to
be
apprehended
,
and
punished
according
to
the
same
either
by
the
Iudge
Martiall
,
and
Prouost
Martiall
,
whose
commissions
are
to
be
extended
so
farre
,
or
by
the
Iudges
of
the
Realme
;
that
notorious
faultes
doe
not
passe
without
punishment
.
1
[
That
the
authours
&c.
]
by
the
examples
of
the
Greekes
returning
from
the
voyage
with
Cyrus
,
which
appointed
certaine
Captaines
2
[
All
causes
&c.
3
[
If
any
Captaine
&c.
]
By
the
lawes
of
the
Romanes
,
soldiers
goods
went
to
their
next
kinred
:
if
they
had
no
wife
,
nor
kinred
:
yet
came
they
not
to
the
Prince
,
but
were
bestowed
on
the
regiment
wherein
they
serued
.
By
the
lawes
of
Spaine
,
the
pay
&
reward
that
is
due
vnto
souldiers
at
their
death
,
commeth
to
their
sonnes
.
4
[
No
man
shal
interrupt
&c.
]