A
briefe
extract
of
certain
Histories
,
wherin
is
declared
,
that
the
Emperours
and
Kings
of
elder
tymes
,
were
more
rich
and
magnificent
,
then
such
as
liue
at
thys
day
;
taken
from
the
Volumes
of
sundry
good
Authors
.
The
tryumph
of
Salomons
Temple
,
and
what
the
making
thereof
valued
.
WEE
reade
in
the
first
Booke
of
the
Chronicles
,
the
twentie
two
chapter
,
that
Dauid
saide
to
Salomon
.
My
Son
,
comfort
thy selfe
,
plucke
vp
thy
hart
and
be
strong
,
dreade
not
,
neither
be
discouraged
.
For
according
to
my
pouertie
haue
I
prepared
for
the
house
of
the
Lord
,
such
dispence
as
shall
be
needfull
to
make
vp
the
same
:
to
wit
,
an
hundred
thousand
Talents
of
Golde
,
and
a
thousand
thousand
Talents
of
Siluer
,
which
is
one
Million
,
with
three
thousand
Talents
of
Gold
of
Ophir
,
of
the
best
choise
.
Thys
sum
is
infinite
and
not
to
be
numbred
.
An
hundred
thousand
Talents
of
gold
,
doe
value
three-score
thousand
Millions
of
Crownes
.
The
Million
of
Talents
of
siluer
,
valueth
sixe
hundred
Millions
of
Crownes
,
according
to
the
estimate
of
Budaeus
in
hys
Booke
of
Coynes
.
Where
speaking
of
the
tryumphes
of
Caesar
,
he
saith
,
that
he
caused
to
be
brought
into
the
publique
Treasurie
,
three-score
and
fiue
thousand
Talents
of
siluer
,
which
valued
nine
and
thirty
Millions
of
Crownes
.
He
maketh
also
the
like
mention
,
where
he
speaketh
of
Cyrus
King
of
Persia
,
who
tooke
Craesus
and
his
treasure
,
amounting
to
fiue
hundred
thousand
Talents
of
siluer
,
which
value
three
hundred
Millions
of
Gold
.
It
is
written
in
the
second
Chapter
of
the
third
booke
of
Kings
,
that
in
the
time
of
Salomon
,
he
had
so
much
siluer
out
of
Iudea
,
as
there
was
not
any
account
made
thereof
.
The
shyps
belonging
to
Salomon
&
king
Hyram
,
went
by
three
and
three
yeerely
to
Tharsus
,
whence
they
brought
great
quantitie
of
Gold
and
siluer
;
in
so
much
that
(
as
the
Text
saith
)
there
was
such
store
of
gold
and
siluer
in
Ierusalem
,
as
the
King
esteemed
therof
no
otherwise
then
of
stones
:
the
Vessels
and
all
the
vtencelles
together
of
the
house
of
Lybanon
,
was
of
fine
Gold
.
Iosephus
in
his
seauenth
booke
of
Antiquities
,
witnesseth
,
that
Dauid
when
he
deceassed
left
greater
riches
,
then
any
other
King
,
were
he
Hebrewe
or
Gentile
,
which
was
hydden
within
his
Sepulchre
,
as
also
in
the
Coffer
or
Vessell
monumentarie
,
wherin
the
bones
and
ashes
of
the
Kinges
were
wont
to
be
kept
,
so
that
his
treasure
was
verie
hard
to
be
found
.
Likewise
in
the
ninth
Booke
of
the
Euangelicall
preparation
,
he
sayth
,
that
hee
hath
read
in
Eupolemus
an
auncient
Historian
,
that
the
King
of
Tyre
and
of
Phoenicia
,
with
many
other
beside
,
were
tributaries
to
King
Dauid
:
from
whom
hee
conquered
these
Treasures
by
force
of
Armes
,
and
by
the
Diuine
fore-pointment
,
the
place
was
shewen
him
where
the
Temple
shoulde
be
builded
.
But
because
hee
had
soyled
his
hands
with
blood-shed
in
warre
,
it
was
told
him
that
he
should
not
builde
the
fore-saide
Temple
.
Wherefore
he
prepared
so
great
aboundance
as
he
could
,
of
gold
,
siluer
,
brasse
,
stones
,
Tymber
of
Cipres
and
Cedar
,
and
sent
it
into
the
Ile
which
hee
called
Urpha
,
situate
in
the
Red-sea
,
which
was
wonderfully
stored
with
Mines
of
Gold
,
and
from
whence
was
brought
an
innumerable
quantitie
.
After
his
deceasse
,
Salomon
wrote
Letters
to
the
King
of
Egipt
named
Uafres
,
after
this
manner
.
Salomon
King
of
Iudea
,
to
Vafres
his
friende
King
of
Egipt
,
perpetuall
health
.
Knowe
,
that
by
the
grace
of
God
,
and
from
King
Dauid
my
Father
,
this
kingdome
is
discended
vnto
me
:
he
in
his
life
time
gaue
mee
in
charge
,
that
I
should
builde
a
Temple
to
the
Creator
of
heauen
and
earth
:
for
which
cause
I
haue
written
to
thee
,
that
thou
wouldest
giue
me
comfort
and
assistance
in
this
busines
.
Therfore
I
require
thee
to
send
me
Maisters
of
Masons
,
Stone-cutters
,
Carpenters
,
and
workmen
,
who
may
erect
for
me
the
said
Temple
.
These
Letters
receiued
by
the
King
of
Egipt
,
were
in
this
manner
answered
.
I
sende
thee
eyght
score
thousand
men
,
such
as
are
expert
&
chiefe
in
erecting
of
buildings
,
euen
such
as
thou
hast
required
of
me
.
Like
Letters
wrote
Salomon
,
to
Suron
King
of
Tyre
,
receiuing
like
aunswere
,
and
like
number
of
Maisters
in
workes
and
buildings
.
This
History
written
by
Eupolemus
an
Historian
Gentile
,
agreeth
in
euery
part
with
the
holy
Scripture
,
as
in
the
fift
Chapter
of
the
thirde
booke
of
the
Kinges
:
and
there
is
no
other
difference
,
but
onely
that
concerning
Tyre
,
where
he
calleth
the
king
of
Tyre
Suron
,
the
Scripture
nameth
hym
Hyram
.
Iosephus
in
the
eyght
Booke
of
his
Antiquities
,
saith
,
that
these
two
Epistles
or
Letters
of
King
Salomon
and
King
Hyram
,
were
in
his
tyme
intirely
sound
and
perfect
,
both
in
Tyre
and
in
Iudea
.
Eupolemus
passeth
further
,
and
sayth
,
that
all
the
gold
which
was
imployed
about
the
Temple
,
the
Colloms
and
Vessels
of
Gold
,
amounted
to
foure
Millions
,
and
sixe
hundred
thousand
Crownes
:
The
siluer
for
the
nayles
and
other
thinges
,
valued
twelue
hundred
and
thirtie
two
Talents
.
After
the
work-men
were
contented
,
&
they
of
Egypt
sent
home
into
theyr
Countrey
,
as
also
the
men
of
Tyre
,
the
sum
that
was
gyuen
to
each
one
for
his
paines
,
was
tenne
Talents
of
Gold
.
The
dispence
of
the
Temple
,
according
to
Budaeus
,
amounted
to
twentie
seauen
Millions
,
nine
hundred
thousande
Crownes
of
the
Sunne
,
and
twelue
hundred
thirtie-two
Talents
of
siluer
:
which
come
to
seauen
hundred
,
thirty
seauen
thousande
Crownes
of
the
Crowne
.
Yet
is
not
comprised
in
this
sum
,
what
was
giuen
to
three-score
and
ten
thousande
Labourers
,
of
whom
mention
is
made
in
the
5.
chapter
of
the
1.
Booke
of
the
Kings
:
nor
of
3000.
&
three
hundred
Maisters
,
that
ruled
and
ouer-sawe
the
worke
:
nor
the
charges
offraights
and
carriages
:
nor
how
much
the
brasse
and
yron
cost
:
nor
what
rewarde
was
giuen
to
eyght
〈◊〉
thousande
men
more
,
sent
him
for
handy-crafts
men
by
the
King
of
Egipt
.
Wherfore
we
may
well
imagine
,
that
Salomons
Temple
was
a
worke
of
wonder
,
and
the
cost
thereon
bestowed
inestimable
.
It
is
written
in
the
second
booke
of
the
Chronicles
,
the
fourth
Chapter
,
That
all
the
Vessels
,
Basons
,
Candlesticks
,
Censors
,
Lampes
,
Organes
,
and
other
musicall
instruments
of
the
Temple
,
the
Alsar
,
the
Ports
,
the
Tables
,
and
Hindges
were
of
pure
gold
.
Wee
reade
likewise
in
the
first
Booke
of
the
Chronicles
,
the
nine
and
twentith
chapter
,
that
the
Princes
and
Fathers
of
the
linage
of
Israell
,
also
the
Captaines
of
thousands
and
hundreds
,
offered
willingly
,
and
gaue
for
the
seruice
of
the
house
of
God
,
fiue
thousands
Talents
,
and
ten
thousand
peeces
of
Golde
,
tenne
thousand
Talents
of
siluer
,
eighteene
thousande
Talents
of
Brasse
,
and
one
hundred
thousande
Talents
of
yron
.
And
they
with
whom
precious
stones
were
found
,
gaue
them
to
the
Treasure
of
the
house
of
the
Lord
.
Salomon
caused
to
be
made
three
hundred
Shieldes
of
fine
Golde
,
that
is
to
say
,
couered
with
Gold
,
framed
in
fashion
of
Plates
,
accounting
each
Plate
worth
sixe
hundred
sicles
:
which
value
two
thousand
and
foure
hundred
Crownes
of
the
Sunne
.
Three
hundred
Targets
,
which
are
little
light
Shieldes
,
of
the
purest
purified
Gold
,
and
placed
them
in
the
house
of
Lybanon
.
Eupolemus
adioynes
heereto
a
thousande
Shieldes
of
Gold
.
It
is
written
in
the
tenth
Chapter
of
the
third
Booke
of
the
Kings
,
that
Salomon
made
a
great
seate
royall
of
Iuorie
,
and
couered
it
with
the
best
Gold
.
And
the
seate
had
sixe
steps
,
and
the
top
of
the
seate
was
round
behind
,
and
there
were
Pommels
on
either
side
of
the
seate
.
And
there
stoode
twelue
Lyons
on
the
steppes
,
sixe
on
a
side
:
there
was
neuer
like
worke
seene
in
any
Kingdome
.
Salomon
sacrificed
at
one
time
to
God
,
two
and
twentie
thousand
Oxen
,
and
an
hundred
&
twentie
thousand
Sheepe
.
His
ordinary
expence
day
by
day
,
was
thirtie
quarters
of
fine
Manchet
flower
,
and
three-score
quarters
of
other
meale
:
ten
stalled
Oxen
,
and
twentie
out
of
the
Pastures
,
an
hundred
sheepe
,
besides
Hartes
,
Buckes
,
Wilde-goates
,
and
Capons
.
And
Salomon
had
fortie
thousande
stalles
of
Horsses
for
Chariots
,
and
as
many
Heards
of
Horsses
,
he
had
likewise
twelue
thousand
Horse-men
:
according
as
it
is
written
in
the
thyrd
Booke
of
the
Kings
,
the
fourth
Chapter
.
The
riches
of
Darius
.
QUintus
Curtius
,
Plutarch
,
Strabo
,
and
other
Historians
,
haue
supposed
&
written
,
that
Alexander
the
great
,
after
his
conquest
of
Darius
king
of
Persia
,
found
in
the
Treasurie
of
his
conquered
enemie
,
twenty-nine
thousand
talents
:
which
valued
an
hundred
and
eight
Millions
of
Crownes
of
the
Crowne
.
So
choysely
and
deerely
did
Darius
account
ofhis
pleasure
in
the
night
,
as
he
lodged
in
a
Chamber
betweene
two
great
Hals
,
hys
bedde
beeing
spred
foorth
very
sumptuously
,
and
couered
with
a
Vine
of
Gold
,
in
manner
of
an
Arbour
,
enriched
with
Grapes
hanging
thereon
,
which
were
most
curious
and
costly
precious
stones
.
The
richnes
of
the
very
pillow
of
his
bed
,
was
woorth
fiftie
thousande
Talents
,
which
doe
amount
to
thirtie
Millions
of
Crownes
.
When
Alexander
gained
the
battaile
against
him
in
Cilicia
,
he
was
then
but
fiue
&
twenty
yeeres
old
,
and
sent
his
Lieuetenant
Parme●o
to
the
Citty
of
Damas
,
where
Darius
had
with-drawne
a
gre●
part
of
the
afore-named
Treasure
,
there
he
found
foure
hundred
and
twenty-nine
Ladies
his
Concubines
,
well
skild
in
Musique
,
which
hee
brought
with
him
into
his
Hoast
for
his
delight
and
pastime
,
with
sixe
and
forty
workmen
,
that
wrought
vpon
flowers
,
making
curious
Trammels
and
Chaplets
for
Ladyes
most
odoriferous
:
two
hundred
,
three-score
and
seauenteene
Cookes
:
twenty
Potters
,
that
made
Pots
&
other
necessaries
of
earth
,
for
the
daily
vse
of
the
Kitchine
:
nine
chiefe
Maisters
of
the
Paistrie
:
three-score
&
ten
sluggerds
of
one
sort
,
and
seauenteene
of
an
other
,
whose
labour
was
to
mixte
the
Aromatique
wines
,
to
blende
and
temper
the
sweet
delicious
licquors
,
and
most
arteficiall
drinkes
,
thorow
bagges
and
such
like
fit
for
the
purpose
:
&
forty
other
work-men
,
that
made
sweet
odours
&
sauours
,
both
dry
and
licquid
.
If
then
the
King
of
Persia
had
so
much
store
of
delights
in
warre
,
when
he
was
prepared
to
a
fight
so
full
of
hazard
&
danger
:
what
may
we
imagine
he
had
at
other
times
,
and
in
what
aboundance
of
pleasures
he
lyued
,
when
he
held
hys
assured
quiet
in
Babilon
?
a
Citty
exceeding
in
all
superfluities
and
vices
,
yet
florishing
&
abounding
plentifully
in
wondrous
wealth
.
Herodotus
in
the
third
booke
of
hys
Historie
,
deuided
the
Realme
of
Persia
into
twenty
Gouernements
or
Prouinces
:
the
principall
was
the
Kingdom
of
Lydia
,
wherof
the
rich
Craesus
was
King
,
that
afterwarde
was
vanquished
by
Cyrus
,
and
brought
into
captiuitie
.
Plinie
,
speaking
of
the
estate
of
the
Persians
in
his
tyme
,
sayth
,
that
the
Empire
of
the
Persians
,
which
as
then
was
translated
to
the
Parthians
,
contained
eyghteene
Kingdomes
.
Herodotus
in
the
Booke
before
named
,
sheweth
by
iourneyes
&
lodgings
,
that
from
Sardis
beeing
in
Lydia
,
to
Susa
,
which
was
the
chiefe
seate
and
aboad
of
the
Kings
,
was
full
three
Monthes
iourney
.
Quintus
Curtius
sayth
,
that
in
two
Citties
of
Persia
,
to
wit
Susa
&
Persepolis
,
Alexander
found
an
hundred
,
three-score
,
&
ten
thousand
Talents
of
siluer
,
in
one
heape
,
which
himselfe
tearmed
a
summe
innumerable
:
an
hundred
thousande
Talents
,
valued
three-score
Millions
of
Crownes
.
The
sayd
Darius
had
one
of
the
fayrest
women
in
the
world
to
hys
Wife
,
who
was
likewise
taken
with
her
two
daughters
:
ten
thousand
Talents
he
woulde
haue
giuen
for
to
haue
them
againe
,
and
one
halfe
of
hys
Countrey
,
which
would
not
be
graunted
,
yet
Alexander
intreated
them
very
honourablie
,
and
wythout
any
reproche
.
Hee
neuer
afterward
sawe
his
wife
and
daughters
,
but
once
:
and
in
short
while
after
,
himselfe
was
traiterously
slaine
by
Bessus
,
who
had
the
principal
charge
vnder
him
.
The
liberalitie
of
Alexander
the
great
,
to
his
men
of
warre
.
ALexander
the
great
,
after
his
conquest
and
returne
out
of
Asia
,
beeing
aduertised
that
hys
Souldiours
and
men
of
warre
were
indebted
by
hys
seruice
:
caused
their
debts
to
be
payde
,
and
bringing
money
into
the
midst
of
hys
Campe
,
according
to
the
affirmation
of
each
one
how
much
he
owed
,
so
much
in
ready
pay
was
deliuered
them
:
the
sum
amounted
to
sixe
Millions
of
Crownes
.
He
was
studious
&
of
great
knowledge
,
hauing
euer-more
vnder
the
pillowe
of
hys
bed
,
the
poesie
of
Homer
.
He
wrote
a
Greeke
Epistle
to
Aristotle
,
which
is
reported
by
Plutarch
in
his
life
,
the
forme
thereof
beeing
thus
.
Alexander
vnto
Aristotle
greeting
.
Thou
hast
not
done
rightlie
or
well
,
in
putting
forth
the
bookes
of
the
Acroamaticall
sciences
:
for
wherein
shal
I
excell
any
other
heereafter
,
if
the
science
wherin
I
was
instructed
by
thee
,
be
taught
and
made
common
to
euerie
one
.
As
for
my selfe
,
I
woulde
thou
shouldest
know
,
that
I
make
more
account
,
and
had
rather
goe
beyond
all
men
in
excellencie
of
of
learning
and
knowledge
,
then
in
greatnesse
of
power
,
or
deedes
of
Armes
.
He
commaunded
Aristotle
to
write
fiftie
bookes
of
the
nature
of
beastes
:
gyuing
hym
for
hys
paines
,
as
sayth
Atheneus
a
Greeke
Authour
,
eyght
hundred
Talents
,
which
value
foure
hundred
and
foure-score
thousand
Crownes
.
A
president
howe
learning
was
esteemed
in
elder
tymes
,
where
now
,
Schollers
paines
are
neither
rewarded
nor
regarded
.
Hee
sent
likewise
,
fiftie
Talents
to
Xenocrates
,
which
he
refused
,
saying
,
hee
had
no
neede
of
so
much
money
to
maintaine
hys
poore
estate
.
Whereat
Alexander
was
offended
,
saying
,
he
was
vnciuill
to
refuse
his
gift
:
though
hee
needed
it
not
himselfe
,
yet
he
might
take
it
and
bestowe
it
among
hys
friendes
.
The
same
Atheneus
,
in
his
fourth
booke
of
the
banquet
of
the
Sages
,
following
the
aduise
of
the
Persian
Histories
,
sayth
,
that
in
what
soeuer
place
Alexander
was
,
he
would
customably
sitte
at
the
Table
at
supper
,
(
after
his
conquest
of
Asia
)
and
eate
among
his
Friendes
in
a
common
Hall
,
hauing
alwaies
with
him
the
number
of
three-score
and
ten
at
the
least
.
To
maintaine
thys
custome
,
he
appointed
for
the
ordinary
dispence
therof
,
an
hundred
Attique
Mynaes
,
which
value
a
thousand
Crownes
.
But
King
Dauid
(
saith
he
)
who
was
conquered
by
hym
,
had
a
custome
diuers
times
,
to
make
publique
banquets
apparantlie
in
hys
Court
,
which
alwaies
was
in
the
open
Halles
,
where
were
present
to
the
number
of
fifteene
thousande
.
And
for
euery
such
banquet
as
we
now
speake
of
,
the
estate
ordained
&
appointed
for
the
dispence
of
the
Table
,
two
hundred
and
forty
Myriades
,
which
amount
to
two
Millions
,
and
foure
hundred
thousand
Crownes
:
for
euery
Myriade
valueth
ten
thousand
,
whereof
an
hundred
Myriades
make
a
Million
,
and
fortie
Myriades
,
four
hundred
thousand
Crownes
.
The
riches
of
Mydas
and
Cyrus
.
PLinie
in
hys
three
and
thirty
booke
,
sayth
,
that
Mydas
king
of
Phrigia
,
and
Craesus
King
of
Lydia
,
which
at
thys
daie
is
called
Natolia
,
a
Prouince
in
Turkie
:
were
enriched
with
Golde
,
beyonde
number
or
measure
.
Cyrus
also
King
of
Persia
,
who
tooke
Craesus
and
his
treasures
,
had
infinite
wealth
,
for
he
spoyled
all
Asia
:
so
that
by
his
victories
he
gained
fiue
hundred
thousande
Talents
of
siluer
:
to
wit
,
talents
of
Egypt
,
which
value
(
as
he
sayth
)
each
Talent
,
foure-score
pound
weight
of
siluer
.
And
thys
summe
is
reported
according
to
the
great
Iacke
or
Tankarde
belonging
to
Semiramis
,
which
weighed
fifteene
Talents
.
Thys
summe
or
quantitie
of
siluer
,
is
the
verie
greatest
that
Budaeus
remembreth
to
be
gathered
in
money
at
one
time
together
,
which
amounteth
to
three
hundred
Millions
of
Crownes
:
and
rating
them
after
the
Talents
of
Egypt
,
as
saith
Plinie
,
there
shall
be
sixteene
parts
ouer
&
aboue
,
which
com
to
fiftie
Millions
.
Nor
is
it
to
be
meruailed
that
he
gathethered
so
much
,
for
he
had
vnder
his
power
the
auncient
Treasures
of
Assiria
,
which
was
translated
from
the
Medes
,
and
many
other
Countreyes
beside
:
so
that
heere
among
hee
had
the
old
riches
of
Dauid
and
Salomon
.
He
reporteth
moreouer
,
that
there
was
an
auncient
King
of
Cholchos
,
named
Esubopes
,
that
first
of
all
made
opening
of
the
Mynes
,
and
founde
the
richnes
of
the
earth
,
where-out
hee
drewe
innumerable
store
of
Golde
and
Siluer
.
He
likewise
had
victory
against
Sosestres
King
of
Egipt
,
who
wonderfully
abounded
in
wealth
:
so
that
this
King
of
Cholchos
had
in
his
house
,
the
pyllers
,
roofes
,
doores
and
vaultes
of
pure
Golde
.
On
the
wonderfull
riches
that
was
in
this
Countrey
,
was
inuented
the
fable
of
the
Golden
Fleece
.
The
riches
of
Sardanapalus
.
SArdanapalus
,
who
liued
two
hundred
yeres
after
Salomon
,
and
by
hys
deceasse
brought
an
ende
to
the
Kingdom
of
the
Assirians
,
according
as
Atheneus
the
Greeke
writer
recordeth
:
beeing
seated
in
his
Pallace
and
house
royall
by
Arbaces
hys
Lieuetenant
of
the
Medes
,
there
burned
himselfe
and
his
Concubines
.
Ctesias
reciteth
,
that
when
the
sayd
king
Sardanapalus
liued
,
hauing
no
meanes
left
to
with-stand
the
siedge
,
and
that
all
kynde
of
victuales
wexed
scant
:
hee
caused
to
bee
made
in
a
seperate
place
from
other
resorte
in
his
Pallace
,
a
frame
of
Carpenters
worke
,
containing
the
height
of
four
hundred
foote
,
in
manner
and
fashion
of
a
Pyramides
,
in
the
middest
wherof
,
he
commaunded
to
be
placed
an
hundred
and
fiftie
Couches
of
Gold
,
which
serued
to
make
most
sumptuous
and
magnificent
banquets
vpon
,
agreeing
wyth
the
custome
of
old
.
By
the
sides
of
them
,
or
els
vpon
them
,
was
deuised
as
many
Tables
of
Gold
:
thys
doone
,
heere
would
he
entertaine
his
Wife
,
hys
Concubines
and
Ladyes
of
hys
Court
,
such
as
he
best
affected
,
they
not
knowing
or
doubting
what
he
intended
to
doe
:
after
them
he
followed
,
making
fast
the
doore
,
without
any
hope
to
return
back
againe
.
But
before
hee
thus
lockt
vp
himselfe
among
them
,
hee
caused
to
be
brought
thether
(
as
sayth
the
History
)
a
thousand
Myriades
of
Gold
,
and
a
Myriade
of
Myriades
of
siluer
,
with
a
great
number
of
habillements
for
men
and
women
of
purple
,
with
sundry
other
very
sumptuous
accoustrements
.
When
he
was
inclosed
,
by
his
commaundement
his
Eunuches
and
Groomes
of
hys
Chamber
,
put
fire
to
the
huge
frame
of
Carpenters
worke
,
which
endured
burning
the
space
of
fifteene
dayes
:
such
as
behelde
thys
wondrous
flaming
fire
,
supposed
that
he
was
sacrifycing
to
the
Gods
.
Thus
ended
Sardanapalus
his
licentious
life
,
and
all
the
rest
that
were
with
him
,
consuming
there
likewise
a
thousand
Myriades
of
Gold
,
which
value
an
hundred
Millions
;
For-beare
we
then
to
estimate
the
Myriade
of
Myriades
of
Siluer
,
the
Couches
of
gold
,
the
Tables
of
gold
,
and
other
costly
habillements
.
As
also
three
thousande
Talents
of
gold
,
which
value
eyghteene
hundred
thousand
Crownes
,
which
he
sent
from
his
seate
royall
to
King
Nynus
,
to
whom
hee
had
gyuen
his
Chyldren
in
keeping
.
The
riches
of
the
Emperour
Anthony
the
Triumuire
,
and
the
magnificence
of
his
Queene
Cleopatra
.
PLutarch
sayth
,
that
the
Emperour
Anthony
the
Triumuire
,
spente
in
one
yeere
,
two
hundred
thousand
Talents
,
which
value
six-score
Millions
of
golde
:
that
the
estates
of
Asia
had
yeelded
him
,
for
the
offence
they
committed
against
him
,
in
maintaining
and
bearing
fauour
to
his
enemies
Cassius
&
Brutus
,
in
the
Countrey
of
Macedon
:
in
such
an
amercement
were
they
taxed
for
two
yeeres
,
albeit
the
fine
was
determined
for
nine
yeeres
.
This
summe
was
imployed
in
payment
of
a
largesse
and
gyft
,
promised
to
his
Souldiours
,
which
was
(
as
Plutarch
reporteth
)
fiue
thousand
Drachmes
for
each
one
,
which
come
to
twentie
thousand
Sestertiaes
,
esteemed
fiue
hundred
Crownes
.
His
Army
was
eyght
and
twentie
thousande
Legionaries
,
and
ten
thousand
men
,
beside
the
Horsmen
.
The
estimation
of
Anthonies
gift
to
hys
men
of
warre
,
amounted
for
an
hundred
thousand
men
,
fiftie
Millions
of
Crownes
,
which
value
fiue
thousande
times
fiue
hundred
.
And
for
seauenty-thousand
that
rested
from
the
afore-named
number
,
remained
thirtie
fiue
Millions
,
which
are
in
sum
,
four-score
and
fiue
Millions
.
Without
counting
an
ouer-plus
for
the
Centurions
,
that
had
double
wages
,
the
Horse-men
that
had
treble
,
and
the
Trybunes
great
summes
,
as
we
may
reade
in
the
Histories
that
make
mention
of
such
largesses
.
Anthonie
leueying
money
vpon
Asia
,
Hybraeas
the
Oratour
being
Deputed
by
the
Countrey
,
thus
spake
to
him
.
My
Lord
,
if
it
be
so
,
that
you
haue
both
force
and
feare
in
your
hand
,
whereby
to
execute
your
will
&
pleasure
,
easily
may
you
sit
downe
and
exact
two
imposts
for
one
yeere
.
But
if
yee
will
doe
so
,
it
is
reason
that
you
shoulde
likewise
make
vs
to
haue
two
Summers
,
two
Autumnes
,
and
two
Haruests
in
one
yeere
:
to
the
end
we
may
twise
a
yeere
gather
the
fruites
and
reuenewes
of
the
earth
.
Asia
hath
paid
the
two
hundred
thousand
Talents
,
if
this
summe
of
money
be
come
into
your
Coffers
,
and
is
all
imployd
about
your
affaires
:
then
vnderstand
we
well
there
is
no
remedie
,
but
force
will
compell
vs
to
find
another
pay
,
and
this
to
do
,
we
must
scrape
together
what
is
left
amongst
vs
.
But
if
you
find
,
that
all
hath
been
wel
paide
on
our
behalfe
,
and
yet
notwithstanding
is
not
come
to
you
:
we
thinke
it
necessarie
,
that
first
and
formost
you
shoulde
call
an
account
of
your
Treasurers
,
and
rather
addresse
your selues
to
them
that
haue
managed
these
affaires
,
th●n
to
vs
that
once
alreadie
haue
truelie
made
our
payment
.
Anthonie
hauing
vnderstood
the
great
thefts
and
robberies
of
his
Officers
,
thus
vnder-trust
committed
against
himselfe
:
appointed
for
them
very
seuere
punishments
.
Cicero
in
his
Phillippides
which
he
wrote
against
Anthony
,
sayth
,
that
he
tooke
&
carried
away
from
the
Temple
of
Ops
,
seauen
thousande
times
,
seauen
hundred
thousande
Sestertiaes
,
which
Iulius
Caesar
had
placed
there
for
more
assuraunce
.
The
summe
amounteth
to
seauenteene
Millions
,
and
fiue
hundred
thousand
Crownes
.
Plutarch
saith
,
that
he
sent
to
commaund
Cleopatra
to
appeare
personally
before
him
,
because
shee
had
giuen
succour
to
his
enemies
.
And
she
came
,
not
fearefull
,
trembling
or
in
meane
estate
,
but
along
the
Riuer
Cydnus
in
a
Gallion
,
the
Poope
whereof
was
of
gold
,
the
Oares
of
siluer
,
the
sailes
of
purple
:
her selfe
lay
vnder
a
Pauillion
of
Golde
,
accompanied
with
sweet
singers
,
and
most
excellent
Musitions
,
all
the
attendants
of
her
house
beeing
attired
in
very
sumptuous
Lyueries
.
When
Anthonie
sent
to
inuite
her
to
sup
with
him
,
she
sent
to
commaund
him
to
come
and
sup
with
her
,
so
much
did
shee
stande
vpon
the
priuiledge
of
her
beautie
,
behauiour
&
quaintnesse
in
speech
:
which
she
deliuered
with
such
maiestie
,
and
had
so
delicate
a
pronounciation
,
as
her
tongue
seemed
like
a
curious
instrument
of
manie
stringes
.
Shee
could
alter
her
speech
to
what
language
shee
pleased
,
or
as
occasion
serued
:
she
spake
to
the
Arabians
,
Sirians
,
Hebrewes
,
Medes
,
Parthians
,
Ethiopians
,
and
Troglodites
,
without
any
Interpreter
.
Then
was
Anthony
so
rauished
wyth
the
grace
which
she
had
in
deuise
and
vrbanitie
,
her
heauenly
wordes
,
gesture
and
most
exquisite
demeanour
,
as
also
the
royaltie
and
magnificence
of
her
feastes
:
as
beeing
confounded
with
meruaile
and
astonishment
,
he
saide
and
confessed
,
that
the
estate
of
hys
house
,
and
the
manner
of
his
assemblies
,
was
but
rusticall
in
comparison
of
Cleopatraes
.
After
which
time
,
they
liued
together
in
such
pleasures
,
aboundance
and
delights
,
as
it
is
vnpossible
to
be
expressed
:
such
as
beheld
theyr
extraordinary
vanitie
,
euen
the
verie
chiefe
of
theyr
fauourers
and
wel-wyllers
,
sayde
that
they
led
a
most
hatefull
and
contemptible
kind
of
life
.
Cleopatra
made
him
one
banquet
,
which
was
esteemed
to
haue
cost
,
two
hundred
&
and
fiftie
thousande
Crownes
:
by
reason
of
a
Pearle
which
shee
dissolued
in
a
cuppe
of
Wine
,
that
weighed
(
as
Plinie
recordeth
)
halfe
an
ounce
.
Plutarch
sayth
,
she
gaue
to
Anthonie
,
to
make
warre
against
Octauius
,
twentie
thousand
Talents
of
gold
,
which
are
twelue
Millions
of
Crownes
:
&
besides
furnished
him
with
two
hundred
shyps
for
warre
,
and
victuales
for
his
Army
.
Notwithstanding
,
hee
was
afterwarde
vanquished
,
and
in
despayre
slew
himselfe
in
Alexandria
.
The
tryumphes
of
Caesar.
APpian
,
in
his
seconde
booke
of
the
ciuil
warres
,
sayth
,
that
in
the
tryumphes
of
Caesar
,
after
all
his
great
victories
,
for
the
space
of
fortie
dayes
together
:
was
brought
into
the
publique
Treasurie
,
threescore
and
fiue
thousand
Talents
of
siluer
,
and
eyght
hundred
Crownes
of
golde
,
which
weighed
twentie
thousand
poundes
of
Golde
.
The
Talents
of
siluer
valued
nine
&
thirtie
Millions
of
Crownes
,
and
the
Crownes
of
gold
two
Millions
.
With
thys
money
Caesar
payd
thorowly
what
hee
had
promised
to
hys
auncient
bandes
of
men
,
and
to
the
Common
people
of
Rome
:
that
is
to
say
,
to
each
Legionarie
fiue
thousand
Drachmes
,
which
value
fiue
hundred
Crownes
of
the
Crowne
:
to
the
Centeniers
a
double
sum
:
to
the
Knights
double
of
the
Centeniers
:
and
to
each
Romaine
three
hundred
Sestertiaes
,
which
hee
had
promised
at
the
beginning
of
the
Ciuill
warres
.
Because
he
had
not
payd
them
so
soone
as
he
would
,
hee
gaue
an
hundred
ouer
and
aboue
,
as
interest
(
as
it
were
)
for
the
forbearaunce
,
which
was
for
each
man
ten
crowns
.
He
gaue
more-ouer
to
each
one
ten
Tunne
of
Corne
,
which
are
ten
bushels
according
to
them
of
Paris
,
and
ten
pounds
of
Oyle
,
he
made
three
feasts
for
the
people
,
beside
other
liberalities
.
The
sum
that
he
gaue
to
his
souldiours
,
amounted
to
ten
millions
of
crownes
.
All
this
sum
,
or
the
most
part
thereof
,
was
brought
from
the
Gaules
as
we
may
reade
in
the
Hystories
,
and
specially
in
Suetonius
.
Hee
made
fiue
tryumphes
,
which
hee
brought
pompeously
into
the
citty
of
Rome
.
The
first
&
most
excellent
,
was
the
tryumph
of
Gallia
:
the
seconde
of
Alexandria
:
the
third
of
Pontus
:
the
two
other
were
of
Africa
and
Spaine
.
In
the
first
,
amongst
other
things
of
magnificence
,
hee
had
forty
Elephants
,
on
the
right
hand
&
left
of
his
Chariot
triumphant
,
that
caried
Torches
and
Lanthorns
.
Plutarch
sayth
,
that
this
aboundance
of
riches
and
treasure
,
Caesar
brought
from
the
spoyles
of
his
warres
in
Gaule
.
He
gaue
to
Curio
Tribune
of
the
people
,
twelue
hundred
and
fiftie
thousande
Sestertiaes
,
which
value
fifteene
hundred
thousand
Crownes
.
The
lyberalitie
of
the
Emperour
Augustus
.
SUetonius
speaking
of
the
testament
of
the
Emperor
Augustus
,
sayth
,
that
hee
left
by
hys
will
to
the
people
of
Rome
,
eyght
hundred
,
and
fifty
thousande
Sestertiaes
,
which
amounteth
to
a
Million
of
Golde
.
To
the
Tribunes
hee
left
three-score
hundred
&
fifty
thousand
Sestertiaes
.
To
the
men
of
warre
that
made
aboade
in
Rome
,
to
each
one
fiue
hundred
Sestertiaes
.
To
them
that
were
of
his
Guard
,
commonly
called
Pretorians
,
to
each
one
a
thousand
Sestertiaes
.
To
them
that
were
of
his
Legions
in
the
Prouinces
,
to
eche
one
three
hundred
Sestertiaes
,
whom
he
would
haue
paid
without
making
any
account
.
And
yet
hee
left
(
notwithstanding
all
these
sums
)
to
hys
inheritours
,
three
Millions
,
seauen
hundred
and
fifty
thousand
Crownes
.
Hee
gaue
at
one
time
to
the
Temple
of
the
Capitoll
,
sixteene
thousand
poundes
of
gold
,
with
a
great
number
of
precious
stones
and
pearles
,
estimated
woorth
ten
hundred
and
fiftie
thousand
Sesterriaes
:
which
sums
amount
to
three
Millions
of
gold
.
And
Budaeus
sayth
,
that
Augustus
imployed
in
the
beautifying
of
the
Cittie
of
Rome
,
the
Empire
,
and
things
for
publique
profit
,
beside
building
of
Temples
,
Theaters
,
Pallaces
,
and
buildings
of
magnificent
construction
,
four-teene
thousand
times
,
four-teene
hundred
thousand
Sestertiaes
,
which
value
thirtie
fiue
Millions
of
Crownes
.
In
his
tyme
,
a
Burgesse
of
Rome
named
Lentulus
Augurius
,
was
so
high
in
his
grace
and
fauour
,
as
Seneca
sayth
,
that
he
commaunded
to
be
giuen
him
at
one
time
,
four
thousand
times
Sestertiaes
,
which
value
ten
Millions
:
who
seeing
himselfe
so
forwarde
in
authority
,
would
often-times
say
to
the
Emperor
(
in
reproche
as
it
were
)
that
in
respect
of
his
seruice
,
he
had
left
the
pleasure
&
delight
of
studying
good
Letters
,
which
hee
prized
&
esteemed
more
then
al
the
pompe
of
inordinate
riches
.
This
ingratitude
was
well
punished
afterward
by
Tyberius
,
as
writeth
Suetonius
.
Tarius
Ruffus
,
a
man
of
base
condition
,
by
good
fortune
and
great
industrie
,
got
in
the
seruice
of
Augustus
,
a
thousand
times
Sestertiaes
:
which
amount
to
two
Millions
,
and
fiue
hundred
thousand
Crownes
.
Plinie
sayth
,
that
Augustus
,
to
increase
the
good
and
honor
of
such
as
hee
knewe
to
be
well
minded
people
,
sent
them
as
Gouernours
into
hys
Prouinces
,
giuing
them
verie
honest
meanes
whereby
to
make
them
great
.
Eusebius
in
his
Chronicles
,
saith
,
that
after
the
tryumph
at
Actium
,
Augustus
made
the
goodly
number
before
the
Censors
:
&
there
were
found
foure
Millions
,
an
hundred
and
sixtie
thousand
Cittizens
of
Rome
.
And
after
the
natiuitie
of
our
Sauiour
Iesus
Christ
,
hauing
adopted
Tyberius
,
and
they
two
beeing
Censors
,
the
number
was
made
:
when
was
sound
nine
Millions
,
three
hundred
and
seauentie
thousand
Cittizens
,
within
the
Cittie
and
Subbarbes
.
In
thys
time
,
as
Iuuenall
witnesseth
in
his
ninth
Satyre
,
this
order
was
helde
in
Rome
,
that
when
the
children
of
the
Cittizens
were
borne
,
within
three
daies
after
,
one
shoulde
goe
to
the
Temple
of
Saturne
,
where
the
Treasure
of
the
Consines
was
kept
,
&
there
in
the
Register
Court
,
before
the
Maisters
and
Keepers
of
the
riches
,
the
infants
name
was
enrolled
.
Heereby
they
knew
the
age
of
euery
one
,
and
what
number
of
infants
the
Cittizens
had
:
nor
was
he
to
be
reputed
or
thought
a
man
,
vntill
he
came
to
the
age
of
17.
yeeres
.
The
tryumph
of
Pompey
.
PLutarch
speaking
of
Pompeyes
triumphe
,
which
was
decreed
for
hym
,
by
reason
of
the
victory
he
had
against
the
two
kings
Tygranes
and
Mithridates
,
the
one
king
of
Armenia
,
the
other
of
Pontus
:
saith
,
that
by
the
goodly
Wagons
and
Chariots
,
wherein
was
drawne
along
thorowe
the
Cittie
the
treasure
of
his
spoyles
,
as
also
the
semblances
and
portratures
of
the
Kings
&
Countries
conquered
:
appeared
publiquely
to
euery
one
,
of
what
Nations
subiected
thys
tryumph
was
ordained
.
In
euery
Chariot
were
titles
written
of
great
faire
Letters
,
whereby
they
were
signified
and
manifested
.
The
Nations
ouer
whom
he
tryumphed
were
these
that
folow
:
the
kingdomes
of
Pontus
and
Armenia
:
the
Country
of
Paphlagonia
,
of
Cholchos
,
Spayne
,
Albania
,
Syria
,
Cilicia
,
Mesopotamia
,
Phaenicia
,
Palestine
,
Iudea
,
&
Arabia
:
yet
not
comprising
his
victories
on
the
Sea
,
where
he
preuailed
often
and
very
farre
of
.
Hee
adioyned
to
the
Romaine
Empire
a
thousand
strong
places
,
&
about
nine
hundred
Citties
,
and
tooke
eyght
hundred
ships
from
Pyrats
.
Plinie
in
the
thirty-seauenth
booke
of
hys
naturall
hystorie
,
reciteth
the
order
&
magnificence
of
thys
Tryumph
,
which
hee
saith
is
reported
in
the
Registers
of
the
Capitall
.
To
wit
,
on
the
day
of
his
natiuitie
was
hys
tryumph
,
when
ryding
thorowe
the
Citty
,
hee
brought
to
the
publique
Treasurie
,
a
Checker
or
table-boorde
to
play
on
,
made
of
two
precious
stones
:
beeing
foure
soote
long
,
and
three
soote
broad
,
was
neuer
found
like
stones
of
such
greatnesse
.
He
had
in
the
order
of
his
tryumphe
,
in
one
Chariot
a
goodly
booke
,
of
mighty
and
huge
volume
▪
he
had
three
beddes
of
golde
seruing
to
make
banquets
on
,
each
one
lying
after
the
auncient
fashion
:
vessel
of
gold
and
precious
stones
,
to
serue
nine
cupboordes
:
three
statues
of
Gold
,
of
Mars
,
Pallas
and
Iuno
.
After
followed
a
Mountaine
of
Golde
,
foure
square
,
whereon
was
Harts
,
Lyons
,
and
fruites
of
all
sorts
,
garnished
and
enuironed
round
with
a
Vine
of
Gold
,
&
a
Chappell
in
the
midst
,
dedicated
to
the
Muses
,
which
was
made
all
of
Peavles
,
and
on
the
toppe
thereof
was
a
very
sumptuous
Horologe
.
In
another
Chariot
was
an
Image
of
Pompey
,
which
likewise
was
made
of
pearls
.
Plutarch
sayth
,
that
thys
tryumph
was
deuided
into
two
dayes
:
and
yet
the
tyme
would
not
suffise
to
make
declaration
of
euerie
part
thereof
.
Pompey
brought
to
the
Treasure
in
gold
,
siluer
,
and
vessell
,
all
which
came
by
hys
spoyles
,
twentie
thousande
Talents
,
which
value
twelue
Millions
,
beside
that
which
he
gaue
to
his
men
of
warre
,
of
whom
he
that
had
least
,
had
a
thousande
and
fiue
hundred
Drachmes
Attique
,
which
value
an
hundred
and
fiftie
Crownes
.
The
Romaine
subsidies
after
the
tryumph
of
Pompey
,
valued
four-score
and
fiue
Millions
of
Drachmes
,
which
make
eyght
Millions
&
fiue
hundred
thousand
crownes
.
Pompey
in
the
Playes
which
he
made
for
the
people
,
after
his
seconde
Consulship
,
amongst
other
strange
thinges
,
brought
into
the
place
called
the
great
circle
,
by
the
Latines
Circus
maximus
,
sixe
hundred
Lyons
,
whereof
he
had
three
hundred
and
fifteene
all
the
Iubilie
.
Therefore
not
without
cause
said
Cicero
in
hys
Officiis
,
that
these
were
the
most
magnificent
playes
,
that
euer
were
before
him
.
And
when
hee
brought
these
beastes
to
be
seene
,
it
was
to
make
them
kil
one
another
,
or
to
make
them
fight
against
men
,
that
were
condemned
to
thys
punishment
.
Sylla
was
the
first
that
shewed
thys
manner
of
fight
to
the
people
,
beeing
of
an
hundred
together
,
yet
Pompey
brought
into
the
Theater
beside
these
Lyons
,
foure
hundred
and
ten
Panthers
at
one
tyme
.
Augustus
shewed
four
hundred
&
twentie
,
and
Caesar
foure
hundred
Lyons
.
Afterwarde
by
the
Emperours
and
Princes
,
thys
kinde
of
pastime
was
very
much
vsed
,
and
was
called
the
chasing
of
wilde
beasts
,
for
the
peoples
pleasure
.
The
charges
that
Ptolome
was
at
for
the
ayde
of
Pompey
.
BUdaeus
writeth
,
that
one
named
Ptolome
,
succoured
Pompey
in
the
conquest
of
Iudea
,
who
at
his
owne
proper
cost
,
gaue
pay
to
eyght
thousande
Horsemen
:
and
made
a
feast
,
whereat
was
present
a
thousand
men
sette
at
the
Table
,
euery
one
hauing
his
Cuppe
of
gold
,
and
each
one
changed
at
euery
messe
that
was
serued
,
a
Cup
of
gold
of
a
new
and
contrary
fashion
.
This
riches
commeth
some-what
neere
to
that
of
Pytheus
of
Bithinia
,
who
gaue
to
King
Darius
of
Persia
,
a
Plane
tree
of
gold
,
with
the
Vine
of
golde
,
whereof
is
stil
reserued
such
fame
and
memory
.
Afterward
he
receiued
Xerxes
sonne
to
Darius
,
into
hys
houses
,
with
his
Armie
of
Souldiours
,
consisting
of
eyght
hundred
thousand
men
when
he
discended
into
Greece
.
Herodotus
in
his
seauenth
booke
,
saith
,
that
after
he
had
feasted
them
,
hee
gaue
them
munificent
gyfts
:
and
offered
the
King
to
stipend
his
men
during
this
warre
,
as
also
to
furnish
them
with
Corne
.
Then
Xerxes
abashed
heereat
,
demaunded
who
was
the
man
that
could
make
hys
vaunt
of
so
great
a
matter
.
He
was
answered
,
that
it
was
Pytheus
the
rich
,
who
gaue
hys
Father
the
Vine
and
Plane
tree
of
Gold
,
when
he
passed
that
way
,
and
was
the
verie
richest
man
in
all
Asia
next
the
King
.
Heere-vpon
Xerxes
demaunded
what
summe
of
money
hee
could
haue
so
great
,
as
hee
shoulde
thinke
sufficient
to
wadge
hys
Hoste
:
whereto
Pytheus
thus
replyed
.
Sir
,
when
I
vnderstoode
that
you
woulde
discend
into
Greece
,
to
make
it
tributarie
vnder
your
power
:
I
regarded
wel
what
summe
I
haue
made
count
of
.
Before
,
I
was
determined
to
giue
you
all
,
therewith
to
disfray
your
charges
.
In
the
end
of
my
account
,
I
found
that
I
had
two
thousand
Talents
of
siluer
,
and
in
gold
four
hundred
Myriades
of
Stat●r
Dari●ks
,
wanting
seauen
thousande
peeces
.
All
this
Sir
,
I
giue
you
franckly
:
as
for
my selfe
,
&
to
maintaine
my
estate
,
I
only
reserue
the
industrie
of
my
seruants
and
slaues
,
with
the
reuenue
of
my
labor
,
which
is
sufficient
enough
for
me
.
When
Xerxes
had
considered
the
liberal
mind
of
Pytheus
,
in
brauery
and
iolitie
of
hart
,
he
returned
him
this
aunswer
.
My
friende
,
I
giue
thee
all
againe
,
and
beside
,
will
furnish
thee
with
the
seauen
thousande
Daricks
,
which
wants
in
thy
number
,
to
make
vp
the
summe
and
account
euen
.
And
nothing
els
will
I
demaund
of
thee
,
but
onely
to
continue
my
good
and
faithfull
subiect
.
This
summe
amounteth
to
sixe
&
thirty
Millions
of
Crownes
of
the
Crowne
.
Budaeus
sayth
,
that
Xerxes
ordinarily
vsed
for
the
payment
of
his
Armie
,
euery
Month
two
Millions
,
and
foure
hundred
thousande
Crownes
of
the
Sun
:
giuing
three
Crownes
to
each
one
,
as
well
the
foote-men
as
the
Horsemen
.
Albeit
this
Pytheus
was
so
rich
,
yet
notwithstanding
Plinie
is
of
the
opinion
,
that
he
was
not
to
compare
with
Craesus
king
of
Lydia
,
who
had
such
store
of
Gold
,
as
the
value
was
not
to
be
numbred
.
The
Tryumph
that
Lucullus
made
in
Rome
.
LUcullus
in
hys
Tryumph
that
he
made
in
Rome
,
among
other
things
,
brought
to
the
Treasurie
a
statue
of
gold
,
liuely
figuring
Mithridates
,
whom
he
had
conquered
:
it
was
sixe
foote
long
,
hauing
a
a
shield
embellished
and
adorned
with
many
precious
stones
.
Moreouer
,
twenty
Coffers
full
of
siluer
vessell
,
carried
on
mens
shoulders
,
and
thirty-two
other
Coffers
,
full
of
Vessell
and
Armours
of
golde
,
and
golden
money
.
Then
followed
eyght
Mules
drawing
Coaches
of
golde
,
and
fiftie
sixe
Mules
loden
with
siluer
,
and
an
hundred
and
seauen
Mules
loden
with
money
readie
stamped
:
which
amounteth
to
two
hundred
,
three-score
and
ten
Myriades
,
according
as
the
Greeke
note
of
Plutarch
maketh
mention
,
which
are
two
Millions
and
seauen
hundred
thousand
Crownes
.
Hee
gaue
aboundance
of
treasure
to
hys
Captaines
and
men
of
warre
.
After
he
had
made
many
banquets
to
the
Cittizens
of
Rome
,
and
to
the
neighbouring
Villages
about
it
:
he
with-drew
himselfe
,
to
leade
the
rest
of
his
life
in
his
studie
.
He
made
one
of
the
very
fayrest
&
costliest
Lybraries
that
euer
was
.
Plutarch
sayth
,
that
one
day
Pompey
and
Cicero
beeing
together
,
found
Lucullus
sette
in
the
publique
place
of
Rome
,
where
he
was
musing
,
and
they
comming
to
him
:
after
he
had
saluted
them
,
hee
inuited
them
to
sup
with
him
.
But
because
they
knew
howe
aboundant
and
lauish
he
was
in
expence
,
they
protested
that
they
wold
not
goe
wyth
him
,
except
hee
woulde
first
promise
them
,
not
to
sende
any
person
home
to
hys
House
,
to
make
readie
any
thing
more
then
ordinarie
.
When
Lucullus
perceiued
theyr
intent
,
he
said
to
them
,
I
will
fulfill
your
request
,
yet
suffer
me
onely
to
aske
in
what
Hall
we
shall
sup
:
and
then
cryed
aloud
to
one
of
his
seruaunts
,
that
he
should
spreade
the
Table
in
Apollos
Hall
.
The
estate
of
his
house
was
ordained
according
to
the
expences
he
made
,
and
hee
had
seuerall
Halles
,
distinguished
for
the
receiuing
and
feasting
of
his
guestes
,
wherein
he
had
composed
theyr
names
.
Thys
Supper
cost
twelue
hundred
and
fiftie
Crownes
.
Of
the
Emperour
Nero
,
and
of
Seneca
.
WEE
reade
in
the
13.
Booke
of
Cornelius
Tacitus
,
that
Seneca
,
Schoole-maister
to
the
Emperour
Nero
,
was
in
great
authoritie
,
managing
all
the
asfayres
of
the
estate
for
a
certaine
time
:
during
which
while
,
he
gathered
great
wealth
,
which
did
beget
him
many
enemies
,
and
amongst
all
,
one
Suyllius
,
who
was
highly
in
the
Princes
fauour
,
and
therefore
spake
to
the
said
Seneca
in
the
presence
of
Nero
,
these
words
.
By
what
wisedome
,
by
what
instructions
and
doctrine
of
Phylosophy
,
wherein
thou
makest
thy selfe
studious
,
hast
thou
within
lesse
then
the
space
of
four
yeeres
,
while
the
King
hath
borne
thee
fauour
,
and
shewen
thee
signes
of
loue
,
gotten
together
,
three
thousande
times
Sestertiaes
,
which
value
seauen
Millions
and
fiue
hundred
thousand
Crownes
?
Notwithstanding
,
Seneca
for
that
tyme
escaped
the
conspiracie
&
accusation
of
hys
enemies
,
but
four
yeeres
after
,
seeing
the
authoritie
he
had
,
taken
from
him
,
and
hys
former
fauours
diminished
,
aduertised
likewise
what
charges
and
crimes
were
laide
against
him
,
and
that
the
King
easily
lent
hys
eare
to
his
enemies
,
and
all
things
went
very
contrary
on
his
behalfe
:
of
his
owne
accord
he
came
to
Nero
,
and
spake
to
him
by
way
of
Oration
,
to
saue
his
life
,
and
to
preuent
the
Kings
crueltie
.
It
is
four●teene
yeeres
or
there-about
(
O
King
)
since
I
came
to
yee
,
and
eyght
yeeres
of
this
time
haue
you
beene
Emperour
,
in
which
space
by
you
I
haue
gained
such
goods
&
honors
:
as
there
remaineth
nothing
for
me
more
happie
and
full
of
felicitie
,
then
by
moderation
and
wisedome
to
knowe
howe
to
escape
too
much
.
After
he
had
declared
,
wherein
consisted
riches
and
the
aboundance
of
goods
:
he
began
to
accuse
himselfe
,
that
he
had
not
kept
the
statutes
of
written
knowledge
,
and
liued
onely
in
Phylosophie
,
which
woulde
haue
taught
him
to
be
contented
with
a
little
,
or
enough
:
he
thus
proceeded
.
Notwithstanding
(
my
Lord
)
heerin
I
can
alleadge
some
collour
,
or
rather
deliuer
a
lawful
excuse
:
in
that
I
coulde
not
well
or
honestlye
withstande
your
liberalitie
,
or
gaine-saie
so
high
a
will
,
proceeding
onely
by
nobilitie
of
hart
.
But
nowe
the
matter
is
come
to
thys
passe
,
as
both
the
respects
haue
fulfilled
their
measure
:
for
so
much
as
a
Prince
could
giue
to
a
man
being
great
in
his
grace
,
haue
you
giuen
to
me
,
and
strained
foorth
your selfe
euen
to
the
vttermost
:
I
likewise
haue
receiued
such
aduauncement
by
you
,
as
anie
man
what-soeuer
coulde
receiue
of
his
Prince
,
continuing
in
such
esteeme
with
him
.
But
no
we
there
remaineth
one
thing
,
for
I
can-not
endure
anie
further
without
your
ayde
and
comfort
,
nor
can
I
sustaine
the
burthen
of
swaying
and
gouerning
the
great
reuenewes
I
haue
,
not
hauing
the
safety
and
assurance
of
such
mightie
and
opulent
treasure
.
Wherefore
in
this
age
I
am
weakened
:
and
when
no
longer
I
can
beare
the
weight
of
care
&
good
husbandrie
,
I
stand
in
greatest
neede
of
your
ayde
and
succour
.
Let
it
then
be
your
pleasure
to
take
from
me
this
charge
,
and
commaunde
your
Officers
to
make
seasure
on
all
,
and
deliuer
it
into
your
hande
,
to
whom
it
appertaineth
:
otherwise
,
I
shall
fall
downe
vnder
this
burthenous
and
oppressing
loade
,
For
I
see
the
time
is
come
,
when
I
ought
recall
to
me
my
sences
,
&
the
neerest
parts
of
my
vnderstanding
is
not
to
be
troubled
with
anie
contrary
thoughts
.
These
wordes
spake
Seneca
,
onely
to
escape
death
,
yet
Nero
caused
him
be
put
to
death
,
as
of
long
time
hee
had
practised
and
sought
the
occasion
to
doe
it
.
Pallas
a
seruaunt
to
Nero
,
in
little
while
after
he
was
at
liberty
:
knew
himselfe
to
be
worth
three
thousande
times
Sestertiaes
,
as
saith
Cornelius
Tacitus
,
which
value
seauen
Millions
,
&
fiue
hundred
thousand
crownes
.
Suetonius
,
speaking
of
the
great
prodigalitie
of
Nero
,
sayth
,
that
the
King
Tyridates
of
Armenia
,
came
to
see
him
in
the
Cittie
of
Rome
,
to
whom
Nero
gaue
ordinarilie
daie
by
daie
for
maintenaunce
of
his
estate
,
eyght
hundred
thousand
Sestertiaes
,
which
amount
to
twenty
thousand
Crownes
of
the
Crowne
:
and
gaue
him
at
his
departure
thence
,
two
Millions
,
&
fiue
hundred
thousand
Crownes
.
Cornelius
Tacitus
in
the
seauenteenth
Booke
of
his
Histories
,
saith
,
that
during
the
fourteene
yeeres
while
Nero
was
Emperour
,
hee
spent
in
vnreasonable
gyfts
and
liberalities
,
two
and
twentie
thousand
times
Sestertiaes
,
which
amount
to
fiue
and
fiftie
Millions
of
Crownes
.
Galba
the
Emperour
that
succeeded
him
,
would
haue
made
recall
from
such
,
to
whom
Nero
so
prodigally
had
giuen
the
goods
of
the
Empire
,
and
so
haue
left
them
the
te●thes
:
but
he
found
that
they
had
spent
all
,
and
followed
their
Maister
in
〈◊〉
.
The
prodigalitie
of
Tyberius
.
SUetonius
reciteth
,
that
Tyberius
the
successour
of
Augustus
,
guyded
by
violent
auarice
and
tyrannie
,
gathered
in
twenty
three
yeeres
,
while
hee
was
in
the
Empyre
,
seauen
and
twentie
thousand
times
Sestertiaes
:
which
summe
was
afterward
spent
in
one
yeere
by
Calligula
his
next
succeeder
.
The
aforesaid
summe
amounteth
to
three-score
&
seauen
Millions
,
&
fiue
hundred
thousand
Crownes
of
the
Crowne
.
Seneca
in
his
Booke
of
Consolation
,
speaking
of
the
Emperor
Calligula
,
&
of
his
prodigalitie
,
sayth
:
that
at
one
feast
or
banquet
,
hee
caused
to
be
spent
,
and
hundred
tymes
Sestertiaes
,
which
value
two
hundred
and
fiftie
thousand
Crownes
of
the
Crowne
.
Of
a
Ladie
called
Lollia
Paulina
.
PLinie
in
the
ninth
Booke
of
his
naturall
Historie
,
saith
,
that
hee
sawe
in
Rome
at
a
meane
banquet
,
a
Ladie
named
Lollia
Paulina
,
who
somtimes
was
wife
to
the
Emperour
Calligula
:
that
had
her
head
,
her
necke
,
her
breast
,
and
her
hands
couered
with
Pearles
and
Emeraldes
,
knit
and
curiouslie
laced
together
.
The
least
value
heereof
was
iudged
woorth
foure
hundred
times
Sestertiaes
,
which
is
a
Million
of
Crownes
of
the
Crowne
.
Of
the
houses
that
Calligula
and
Nero
caused
to
be
built
about
the
Cittie
of
Rome
.
PLinie
in
his
sixe
&
thirty
booke
saith
.
We
haue
seene
the
Cittie
of
Rome
to
be
enuironed
,
and
(
as
it
were
)
walled
about
wyth
houses
,
by
the
two
Emperours
,
Calligula
and
Nero.
But
albeit
theyr
houses
were
full
of
cost
&
great
expence
:
yet
the
Theater
of
Scaurus
a
Romaine
Cittizen
,
surmounted
the
excesse
of
theyr
prodigalitie
,
and
yet
it
was
made
but
for
one
Moneth
onelie
,
no
longer
then
the
tyme
as
the
Playes
endured
.
This
peece
of
workmanship
defaced
the
magnificence
and
memorie
,
not
onely
of
the
afore-named
houses
,
but
beside
,
it
was
found
to
be
more
sumptuous
,
as
also
of
farre
greater
statelines
,
pompe
,
&
cost
,
then
any
building
whereof
memory
is
left
.
The
Scene
of
the
Theater
consifted
of
three
Stages
,
whereon
were
three
hundred
and
three-score
Marble
pyllers
of
Africa
.
They
that
were
vnder-neath
,
were
also
of
one
peece
,
beeing
eyght
and
thirty
foote
in
height
:
the
Scence
was
crosse-parted
with
Marble
,
and
the
Stage
in
the
middest
all
of
Glasse
:
neuer
was
any
thing
so
much
talked
of
and
wondred
at
.
The
plaine
place
where
the
people
were
appointed
,
was
able
to
containe
foure-score
thousand
persons
:
three
thousande
Images
of
Copper
,
did
beautifie
and
adorne
the
place
for
Playes
.
For
the
rest
,
such
was
the
wonderfull
riches
of
apparell
,
Tapistries
of
Gold
,
Tables
and
auncient
renowmed
Pictures
:
as
the
true
report
thereof
would
seeme
incredible
.
Suetonius
and
Plinie
,
speaking
of
the
golden
house
of
Nero
,
which
commonlie
was
called
the
house
of
Golde
:
saith
,
that
there
were
within
the
Galleries
three
Stages
,
beeing
each
of
them
a
thousand
paces
long
.
Also
there
was
a
Ponde
so
great
,
as
it
seemed
to
be
a
Sea
enuironed
with
buildings
:
resembling
in
euery
poynt
a
goodly
Cittie
.
Of
the
Treasure
found●
in
Tolosa
.
IN
the
Cittie
of
Tolosa
,
(
as
Strabo
sayth
)
was
founde
fifteene
thousande
Talents
,
in
golde
and
siluer
,
beside
the
vessels
:
which
amount
to
nine
Millions
of
Crownes
.
So
likewise
reciteth
Posidonius
,
and
there
were
founde
the
hallowed
Nets
,
wherewith
neuer
anie
man
fished
,
to
preuent
that
the
rich
Pyllers
should
not
be
discouered
.
The
Romaines
sold
the
fish
of
these
Nets
after
they
had
subiected
the
Countrey
,
notwithstanding
they
were
dedicated
to
the
Gods
:
the
Merchants
by
this
occasion
found
the
Gold
,
which
therein
had
beene
cast
in
a
mighty
masse
or
heape
.
Cicero
in
his
third
Booke
of
the
nature
of
the
Gods
,
sayth
,
that
it
was
decreed
by
the
Senate
,
that
punishment
should
be
inflicted
on
such
as
had
taken
away
the
treasure
from
the
Tolosians
.
Iustin
in
his
two
and
thirty
Booke
,
sayth
,
that
it
was
Cepio
a
Consul
of
Rome
,
who
had
committed
this
sacriledge
:
and
that
all
they
of
his
companie
,
which
shared
or
had
portion
in
thys
Gold
,
dyed
very
miserably
.
Hee
sayth
more-ouer
,
that
among
thys
Treasure
was
found
beside
,
an
hundred
and
ten
thousand
pounds
of
Gold
,
and
fifteene
hundred
thousand
pounds
of
siluer
:
which
is
(
as
it
were
)
a
treble
summe
to
that
before
named
.
Aulus
Gellius
,
in
the
third
booke
of
hys
Uigillia
Attica
,
sayth
,
that
when
any
one
fell
into
some
notorious
or
detestable
mis-fortune
,
or
dyed
an
euill
death
,
they
would
presently
say
vnto
him
:
Hee
tooke
parte
of
the
bootie
in
Tolosa
.
Of
the
condemnation
of
Gabinius
.
CIcero
sayth
in
one
of
his
Orations
,
that
Gabinius
a
Cittizen
of
Rome
,
was
condemned
in
tenne
thousande
Talents
,
to
the
Common-wealth
:
which
doe
amount
to
the
summe
of
sixe
Millions
of
Crownes
.
Of
the
Emperour
Adrian
.
ADrian
the
Emperour
,
gaue
to
to
his
Legionaries
,
three
thousand
tymes
Sestertiaes
:
which
are
seauen
Millions
,
and
fiue
hundred
thousande
Crownes
.
Budaeus
sayth
,
that
in
the
life
of
Adrian
,
is
made
mention
,
howe
hee
gaue
vnto
them
tenne
Millions
of
Golde
.
The
reuenue
of
Crassus
.
CRassus
a
Cittizen
of
Rome
,
had
as
his
reuenue
yeere
by
yere
,
according
to
the
description
of
Plinie
,
two
hundred
and
fiftie
thousand
Crownes
.
The
reuenue
of
the
Kingdome
of
Egipt
.
STrabo
a
Greeke
Authour
,
in
the
seauenteenth
booke
of
his
Cosmographie
and
discription
of
the
worlde
,
declareth
,
that
the
reuenue
of
the
Kingdome
of
Egipt
,
which
afterwarde
was
brought
into
a
Prouince
by
Augustus
:
valued
in
the
tyme
of
Ptolome
,
sirnamed
the
Fluter
,
twelue
thousande
and
fiue
hundred
Talents
,
which
are
seauen
Millions
and
fiue
hundred
thousand
Crownes
.
Hee
was
chased
out
of
Egipt
for
his
dissolute
life
:
afterwarde
,
re-established
by
Pompey
,
and
not
long
after
slaine
by
hys
Sonne
.
Of
Cato
.
IT
is
affirmed
,
that
Cato
brought
with
him
,
from
the
Country
of
Egipt
,
to
the
Treasurie
of
Rome
,
foure
Millions
and
two
thousande
Crownes
:
by
way
of
a
confiscation
,
because
Ptolome
of
Cyprus
,
had
conspired
against
Claudius
the
Romaine
Tribune
.
Of
Lucrius
.
THE
afore-named
Greek
Authour
Strabo
saith
,
that
Lucrius
of
the
Countrey
of
Auuergue
,
was
so
rich
,
as
to
make
estimation
and
shewe
of
hys
wealth
,
diuers
tymes
he
would
mount
into
a
Chariot
,
and
cause
himselfe
to
be
drawne
along
the
fieldes
,
where
he
would
spread
or
scatter
money
,
both
gold
&
siluer
,
by
means
whereof
,
he
was
continually
followed
with
a
great
multitude
of
people
.
Hys
Father
named
Bytius
,
with
his
Armie
of
two
hundred
thousand
men
of
warre
,
fought
in
a
maine
battaile
against
two
Romaine
Consulles
.
Of
the
Emperour
Vespasian
.
VEspasian
the
Emperour
,
(
as
Budaeus
sayth
)
leueyed
such
Subsidies
and
Taxes
on
the
Empire
,
as
the
sum
amounted
to
fortie
thousand
tymes
Sestertiaes
,
which
come
to
an
hundred
Millions
of
Crownes
.
Hee
sayth
,
that
this
was
to
reforme
the
publique
estate
,
which
his
predecessours
Calligula
and
Vitellius
,
two
dissolute
Princes
,
had
ruined
,
and
waste-fully
destroyed
the
goods
of
the
Empyre
,
treading
vnder
foote
the
dignity
thereof
.
Of
the
Hierd
of
Syria
.
EXceeding
great
,
(
saith
Strabo
)
was
the
Hierde
of
Beastes
which
they
had
in
Syria
:
wherin
were
thirty
thousand
Mares
,
and
three
hundred
light
Stallions
:
these
were
the
first
people
that
tamed
Horsses
,
and
therefore
had
wages
of
the
Kinges
.
Of
Seuerus
.
ONE
Spartianus
an
auncient
Hystorian
,
saith
,
that
Seuerus
at
hys
decesse
,
left
to
the
state
publique
,
a
Canon
of
Corne
for
seauen
yeeres
:
the
manner
therof
was
,
to
furnish
for
each
day
,
three-score
and
fifteene
thousand
Vesselles
called
Tunnes
,
with
Corne
.
The
Romaine
and
Attique
Tun
,
resembleth
very
neere
the
measure
or
bushell
of
Paris
,
where-with
a
man
may
maintain
himselfe
eyght
daies
:
whereby
wee
may
easilie
gather
,
that
three-score
&
sisteene
thousand
such
Tunn●s
of
Corne
,
will
〈◊〉
day
by
day
to
nourish
sixe
hundred
thousand
men
.
This
Canon
of
Corne
was
first
instituted
by
the
Emperour
Tra●
,
and
then
re-established
by
Seuerus
,
according
to
the
opinion
of
Lampridius
,
sette
downe
in
the
lise
of
Heltogabalus
.
This
Canon
of
Corne
was
such
an
excellent
thing
,
as
thereby
was
furnished
euery
daie
a
like
quantitie
of
Corne
,
to
serue
openlie
the
Market
,
&
distribute
to
the
people
:
beside
the
reuenue
of
each
one
,
&
what
else
was
brought
in
by
the
Country
into
the
publique
Market
.
And
thus
they
tooke
vp
in
Alexandria
,
Africa
,
Sicilia
,
and
diuers
other
places
,
great
aboundance
of
Corne
:
which
was
thus
ordained
against
the
lacke
of
Corne
,
because
in
Italic
the
dearth
thereof
manie
tymes
happened
:
by
reason
of
the
warres
and
troubles
,
which
hindered
mens
labours
in
tylling
the
earth
,
so
that
the
whole
Countrey
lay
long
tyme
together
fallowe
and
vnmanured
.
Of
Spayne
abounding
in
Mynes
of
Gold
,
and
of
that
which
Haniball
had
.
BOthe
Plinie
and
Strabo
doe
record
,
that
Spayne
hath
abounded
in
rich
Mynes
of
Gold
&
Siluer
:
especiallie
,
Granado
and
Andalozia
,
which
Strabo
calleth
by
the
name
of
Betica
.
Polibius
sayth
,
that
in
his
tyme
neere
to
Carthage
the
ninth
,
coasting
the
Leuant
Sea
,
towards
Africa
,
and
from
thence
to
the
floode
of
Hyberia
:
there
was
a
Myne
of
siluer
,
which
yeelded
daily
to
the
Romaines
,
twenty
hundred
thousand
Drachmes
,
which
are
fiue
and
twentie
thousand
Crownes
.
Plinie
saith
,
that
Haniball
had
a
Mine
of
Siluer
,
named
Bebetus
,
which
yeelded
to
him
day
by
day
,
three
hundred
pound
weight
of
siluer
,
which
commeth
to
three
Millions
of
Crownes
:
and
that
in
Asturia
,
Gallicia
,
and
Portugall
,
he
gathered
yeerely
twenty
thousand
pounds
of
Gold
.
This
summe
amounteth
to
thirty
thousande
Markes
of
Golde
:
whereby
wee
may
plainly
perceiue
,
that
golde
and
siluer
was
more
plentifull
&
aboundant
in
elder
times
,
then
they
are
at
this
present
.
These
two
Mettalles
are
diminished
by
succession
of
time
:
for
continually
it
perisheth
by
vse
,
workmanship
,
shyp-wracks
,
by
hyding
and
burying
treasure
in
the
ground
,
and
otherwife
.
Also
the
Mynes
are
robd
,
spoiled
,
lost
and
come
to
nothing
,
as
euery
day
it
is
witnessed
before
our
owne
eyes
.
Of
the
Crownes
,
recompences
and
other
rewards
which
the
Romaines
gaue
to
their
Souldiours
:
and
the
punishment
of
the
offenders
.
Comprehending
therein
an
excellent
good
order
for
warre
,
as
also
the
gouernment
of
the
Common-Wealth
.
YEE
may
read
in
diuers
Authours
,
that
the
Romaines
euer
vsed
,
not
onely
to
gratifie
and
rewarde
theyr
Captaines
with
ordinarie
wages
:
but
likewise
in
doing
them
infinite
other
graces
,
by
gifts
and
presents
.
They
woulde
honour
them
in
diuers
and
sundry
manners
,
as
with
Crownes
and
Iewels
,
holding
them
in
particuler
esteeme
and
reputation
,
according
to
the
desert
of
their
deedes
of
Armes
,
so
were
they
wont
to
respect
and
regard
them
.
When
a
Captaine
had
gotten
victorie
in
any
notable
battaile
,
were
it
vpon
the
Sea
or
on
the
Land
,
or
that
by
force
he
had
taken
any
Cittie
,
or
doone
anie
other
singuler
enterprise
:
they
had
a
custome
immediatly
after
,
to
make
dilligent
enquirie
of
the
prowesses
of
the
particuler
Bands
&
Squadrons
.
Then
mounting
vp
into
the
Theater
,
where
after
they
had
giuen
thanks
to
the
Gods
for
the
victorie
obtained
:
in
generall
they
wold
make
commendation
of
their
whole
Armie
,
and
specially
,
they
would
praise
and
extoll
those
Bandes
or
Squadrons
,
which
in
fight
had
most
valiantlie
behaued
themselues
.
Then
naming
the
particuler
men
of
that
Companie
by
their
names
,
publiquely
they
woulde
commende
theyr
vertue
and
valour
,
according
to
their
deserts
,
calling
them
friends
to
their
Countrey
,
and
saying
that
the
Common-wealth
was
very
much
bound
to
them
.
This
doone
,
they
bestowed
gifts
on
them
,
of
Gold
,
siluer
,
of
Crownes
,
Girdles
,
Bracelets
,
Iewels
,
Armours
,
and
verie
excellent
Horsses
,
with
other
thinges
of
most
exquisite
workmanship
:
beside
,
with
such
prohibitions
and
defences
,
as
it
was
permitted
that
no
person
should
enioy
the
like
except
hee
had
deserued
to
haue
them
in
this
manner
.
The
Histories
are
plentifullie
enriched
with
these
matters
,
and
namelie
[
*
](A13576-e6860-b)
*
Titus
Liuius
,
lib.
10.
and
30.
Titus
Liuius
,
speaking
of
the
Consull
Paperius
Censor
,
that
gaue
Bracelets
of
golde
to
fourteene
Centurions
,
and
to
one
Squadron
hee
gaue
I
knowe
not
what
ornaments
:
the
like
is
said
of
Scipio
,
when
he
was
in
Spayne
and
other
places
.
The
Crownes
they
gaue
,
had
diuers
significant
names
,
according
to
the
degrees
of
their
deserts
:
they
had
Corona
Obsidionalis
,
Corona
Tryumphalis
,
Corona
Oualis
,
Corona
Ci●ica
,
Corona
Muralis
,
Corona
Naualis
,
and
Corona
Castrensis
.
[
*
](A13576-e6940-b)
*
Plinie
lib.
16.
et
22.
Aul.
Gel.
5.
Plinis
and
[
*
](A13576-e6960-b)
*
Plinie
lib.
16.
et
22.
Aul.
Gel.
5.
Aulus
Gellius
saie
,
that
the
most
esteemed
and
excellent
of
all
,
was
the
Crowne
Obsidionall
,
which
came
from
the
circle
or
seate
of
the
Campe
,
and
was
gyuen
onely
for
hauing
deliuered
an
Hoast
of
men
besiedged
in
a
close
Citty
,
or
in
a
Campe
verie
strictlie
enuironed
:
so
that
by
such
deedes
of
Armes
,
that
part
or
men
of
warre
,
reputed
themselues
deliuered
from
prison
or
from
death
:
for
no
other
cause
what-soeuer
it
were
,
could
any
man
receiue
this
prize
of
honour
.
This
Crowne
was
made
of
greene
hearbs
,
they
not
esteeming
or
respecting
to
make
it
of
Gold
or
other
Mettall
:
but
onelie
of
the
hearbes
of
the
fielde
,
from
whence
the
enemie
had
beene
chased
.
With
this
Crowne
was
crowned
the
great
Quintus
Fabius
,
because
when
Haniball
stood
against
Rome
,
he
both
defended
&
deliuered
it
from
the
siedge
.
Aemilius
Scipio
was
so
crowned
likewise
in
Africa
,
for
hauing
deliuered
the
Consull
Manlius
,
with
certaine
Bands
of
men
.
Calfurnius
obtained
the
like
in
Scicilie
:
&
likewise
the
valiant
Romane
L.
Cincinatus
Dentatus
,
with
diuers
other
.
Corona
Ciuica
,
or
the
Cittizen
Crowne
,
was
a
Garland
made
of
the
leaues
of
an
Oaken
bough
,
with
the
fruite
vpon
it
:
and
this
was
giuen
to
him
,
that
in
extreame
peril
saued
a
Cittizen
,
killing
his
enemy
,
and
defending
still
manfully
the
place
where
the
occasion
happened
.
This
Crowne
or
Garlande
was
so
much
esteemed
,
as
readily
a
man
shoulde
be
founde
that
had
saued
a
Romaine
Cittizen
,
who
at
his
deliuerance
had
slaine
two
of
his
enemies
:
but
because
hee
coulde
not
maintaine
and
defende
the
place
,
according
as
it
was
appointed
,
they
doubted
whether
they
had
deserued
this
Cittizen
Crowne
or
no.
Notwithstanding
it
was
concluded
,
that
such
a
one
should
be
dispensed
withall
,
and
it
was
graunted
him
,
seeing
he
had
deliuered
the
Cittizen
and
slaine
two
ofhis
enemies
in
a
place
so
dangerous
:
that
(
beyond
his
power
)
he
should
not
stand
to
defend
the
same
,
albeit
the
poynt
of
the
Law
consisted
therein
.
And
although
one
had
deliuered
a
King
,
or
a
Captaine
of
the
Confederats
&
friends
,
yet
might
not
this
Garlande
bee
giuen
him
,
without
he
had
deliuered
a
Romaine
.
I
finde
that
Plinie
saith
,
that
the
selfe
same
Crowne
was
giuen
to
him
,
who
slewe
the
first
enemy
that
mounted
on
the
walles
of
any
Citty
or
Fortresse
defended
by
the
Romaines
.
Then
was
this
Cittizen
Crown
the
most
excellent
,
next
after
the
Obsidionall
,
and
it
might
be
worne
at
all
times
,
&
in
all
places
.
And
if
hee
that
had
deserued
this
Crowne
,
were
of
such
esteeme
,
that
in
feastes
or
Theaters
he
alwaies
had
his
place
neerest
to
the
Senate
,
&
when
he
entred
,
the
Senate
would
rise
on
foote
to
doe
him
honour
:
he
was
also
exempt
&
free
from
any
office
or
charge
what-soeuer
,
vnlesse
himselfe
pleased
to
accept
thereof
:
and
by
reason
of
his
exemption
,
so
was
his
Father
and
Grand-father
,
if
they
liued
.
Many
Romaines
obtained
this
Crowne
,
and
especially
the
most
valiant
Cincinatus
Dentatus
heere-to-fore
named
:
hee
wonne
foureteene
of
them
.
The
younger
Capitolinus
had
sixe
:
and
to
Cicero
(
by
particuler
dispence
)
was
graunted
one
,
because
he
defended
Rome
from
the
conspiracie
of
Catalme
.
These
Crownes
whereof
wee
haue
spoken
,
although
they
were
but
of
hearbes
&
leaues
,
which
more
properly
may
be
tearmed
Garlandes
,
or
(
according
to
the
French
)
Chaplets
of
flowers
:
yet
neuerthelesse
they
were
more
esteemed
then
they
that
were
of
gold
.
As
for
the
Crowne
Murall
,
that
was
of
gold
,
and
it
was
giuen
to
him
,
who
at
the
assault
of
the
wall
of
a
Cittie
or
Castell
:
mounted
first
on
the
Ladder
and
freed
the
wall
,
standing
there
still
like
a
Bulwarke
for
defence
thereof
.
The
first
(
according
to
Plinie
)
that
obtained
this
Crowne
,
was
Manlius
Capitolinus
.
Scipio
also
gaue
it
to
Quintus
Trebelius
,
and
Sextus
Digitus
,
because
they
two
together
before
any
other
,
wun
first
the
walles
against
the
enemy
.
Corona
Castrensis
,
was
giuen
to
him
that
in
the
fight
entred
first
within
the
enemies
barre
:
this
Crowne
was
likewise
of
Golde
,
made
like
to
the
Rampiers
or
Bulwarkes
in
the
fielde
of
warre
.
Of
selfe
same
Mettall
was
the
Crowne
Nauall
,
which
was
giuen
to
the
first
that
(
in
fight
on
the
Sea
)
boorded
the
enemies
vessell
:
and
it
was
made
in
forme
of
a
prow
or
poynt
of
a
Ship
.
Marcus
Varro
did
not
disdaine
this
Crowne
,
when
it
was
offered
him
by
Pompey
the
great
,
in
the
warres
of
Corsica
.
Octauius
presented
the
like
to
Marcus
Agrippa
,
and
to
Sylla
,
beside
diuers
other
which
heere
I
name
not
.
And
when
any
Romame
Souldiour
,
were
he
noble
or
vn-noble
had
made
any
other
proofe
of
his
bodie
,
eyther
by
course
of
the
Launce
,
or
in
single
Combat
:
the
Romaine
Captaines
,
(
as
testifie
Plinie
and
Suetonius
)
were
wont
to
gyue
him
Collers
of
golde
and
siluer
,
or
Bracelets
,
or
Gyrdles
,
as
I
haue
before
saide
,
with
other
priuiledges
and
preheminences
.
These
or
such
like
prizes
,
they
might
giue
to
their
friends
that
had
ayded
them
in
warre
:
but
as
for
the
Crownes
,
they
were
reserued
onely
for
the
Romaines
,
of
all
which
things
we
find
notable
examples
in
the
Romaine
Histories
.
Suetonius
writeth
,
that
Octauius
permitted
Marcus
Agrippa
to
beare
a
banner
of
Azure
,
because
of
a
victory
he
obtained
on
the
Sea
against
Sextus
Pompeyus
.
And
if
I
shoulde
say
,
this
was
hee
which
deuised
the
Collers
,
the
rich
coates
of
Maile
,
and
other
gyfts
,
which
were
particularly
appointed
for
these
affaires
:
it
woulde
require
too
large
a
discourse
to
declare
the
whole
matter
and
manner
thereof
.
Neuerthelesse
it
is
to
bee
noted
,
that
the
Romaines
were
so
valiant
,
as
euerie
one
gained
the
honor
of
these
things
,
or
at
the
least
the
greater
part
:
for
Plinie
&
Solinus
naming
diuers
,
among
others
affirme
,
that
Marcus
Sergius
attained
the
greater
part
;
And
in
the
battaile
of
Thrasimen
and
Treuia
,
where
the
Romaines
were
vanquished
by
Hanniball
,
he
won
Corona
Ciuica
,
&
likewise
in
the
ouer-throwe
at
Carinas
.
This
man
was
so
valiant
,
that
hauing
lost
his
right
hand
in
the
battaile
,
he
behaued
himselfe
so
wel
with
the
left
,
as
also
with
a
hand
of
yron
,
which
hee
caused
to
be
made
in
sted
of
that
hee
had
lost
:
as
in
one
day
hee
defied
foure
men
in
the
fielde
of
battaile
,
one
after
another
,
and
vanquished
than
all
:
in
which
Combats
and
other
fights
,
he
receiued
onelie
on
the
fore-part
of
his
body
,
three
and
twentie
woundes
.
Yet
not
this
Marcus
Sergius
,
or
any
one
beside
,
won
or
deserued
so
much
,
as
Lucius
Cincinatus
Dentatus
,
Tribune
of
the
people
,
of
whom
we
spake
before
:
of
him
writ
Plinie
,
Solinus
,
Ualerius
the
great
,
and
Aulus
Gellius
,
who
say
,
that
in
Iewels
and
presents
of
prize
,
some
greater
then
other
,
he
won
by
braue
deeds
of
Armes
,
three
hundred
twentie
and
more
:
that
he
entred
with
nine
Captaines
,
in
making
their
tryumphes
,
&
whom
he
had
ayded
in
their
victories
.
He
had
a
great
number
of
broken
Launces
,
or
Trunchions
of
Speares
,
&
Pykes
without
yrons
,
whereby
he
wonne
great
honour
:
hee
had
eyghteene
Collers
of
gold
,
foure-score
and
three
of
siluer
,
of
harnesse
&
accoustrements
for
Horsses
,
heereto
particulerly
deputed
,
fiue
and
twentie
,
an
hundred
&
forty
bracelets
,
fourteene
Crownes
Cittizen
,
eyght
Castrensis
,
three
Murall
,
one
Obsidionall
,
and
I
know
not
how
many
Nauall
.
He
was
wounded
in
these
battailes
with
forty
fiue
wounds
,
all
on
the
fore-part
of
his
body
,
and
but
one
behinde
,
hee
had
thirtie
foure
times
disarmed
and
despoyled
his
enemie
,
and
had
been
in
sixe
and
twenty
foughten
Battailes
:
he
was
so
valiant
&
fortunate
in
Armes
,
as
he
was
named
the
Romaine
Achilles
:
and
albeit
these
deedes
of
hys
may
seeme
incredible
,
yet
the
number
and
conformitie
of
Histories
doe
plainely
iustifie
them
.
The
Romaines
for
these
great
exployts
of
Armes
,
graunted
them
yet
other
honours
&
preheminences
:
as
the
power
of
publique
iudgement
,
seating
them
in
the
yuorie
Chaire
called
Curialis
,
which
was
the
seat
of
the
Ediles
and
Pretors
,
as
it
was
permitted
to
Scipio
:
&
oftentimes
they
yeelded
to
souldiours
the
greatest
authorities
,
according
as
it
was
lawfull
for
the
people
to
doe
it
,
beeing
a
degree
of
estate
subiect
to
the
liberty
of
the
Fathers
conscript
,
and
of
the
people
.
It
was
lawful
for
the
Captaines
to
erect
tryumphal
statues
,
and
to
clothe
or
deck
them
as
if
they
had
beene
Consuls
.
The
Senate
permitted
by
manner
of
reward
and
congratulation
,
that
they
might
bring
to
the
Temples
,
the
Armes
&
spoiles
of
the
enemies
vanquished
by
them
in
Battaile
:
and
these
things
were
named
Manubiae
,
that
is
to
say
,
the
booties
gotten
from
the
enemies
.
The
Romaines
had
another
laudable
custome
,
which
was
,
to
giue
to
the
chyldren
of
such
as
had
been
slaine
in
warre
,
like
wages
as
they
gaue
their
Fathers
when
they
liued
:
and
to
the
old
Souldiours
,
which
had
long
time
followed
seruice
,
they
would
giue
so
much
good
and
substantiall
lande
,
as
they
might
very
wel
liue
thereon
:
suffering
them
to
dwell
in
Citties
and
Prouinces
that
had
beene
conquered
,
euen
as
themselues
pleased
to
like
or
chuse
.
In
this
sort
the
Citty
of
Ciuill
was
made
by
Caesar
a
Romaine
Colonie
:
from
which
tearme
we
may
easily
deriue
our
french
saying
,
of
a
newe
habitation
or
transmigration
of
people
.
Cordo●
was
also
made
a
Colonie
by
this
meane
,
and
infinite
other
in
dyuers
Prouinces
.
In
breese
,
the
Romaines
neuer
left
any
good
turne
vnrewarded
,
and
without
great
priuiledge
:
for
which
cause
was
founde
amongst
them
the
most
valiant
men
,
that
euer
haue
beene
in
any
Nation
,
because
each
one
stroue
to
attaine
these
degrees
onelie
by
vertue
.
I
leaue
many
other
sorts
of
rewards
,
which
the
Romaines
vsed
in
case
of
Armes
,
in
that
I
imagine
I
haue
spoken
sufficiently
:
notwithstanding
,
it
is
a
thing
certaine
,
that
if
they
haue
gone
beyond
all
other
Nations
,
in
reknowledging
&
remunerating
such
good
actions
:
it
cannot
likewise
be
denyed
,
but
in
learning
&
punishment
of
disorders
,
they
haue
doone
much
more
.
For
if
any
one
were
not
acquainted
with
honour
and
vertue
,
yet
shame
and
feare
of
punishment
,
with-helde
him
from
doing
any
vile
deede
,
were
it
thorow
necessity
or
in
hope
of
gaine
:
because
the
paines
were
so
great
&
rigorous
against
such
as
did
badly
.
For
if
they
lost
any
honour
wherto
they
had
been
called
,
or
that
they
had
been
whipped
euen
to
the
blood
:
they
were
thrust
into
yrons
as
they
had
beene
slaues
,
and
if
they
had
fled
,
leauing
their
Captaines
in
the
battaile
,
they
were
eyther
thrust
vpon
a
spyt
,
or
otherwise
extreamely
handled
,
and
so
according
to
theyr
offence
was
the
punishment
inflicted
.
Titus
Liuius
writeth
,
that
a
Squadron
of
Appius
Claudius
,
to
whom
hee
had
in
charge
the
keeping
of
a
certaine
place
,
forsooke
it
and
lost
it
:
which
he
being
desirous
to
punish
,
yet
notwithstanding
mercifullie
,
it
was
graunted
him
to
sunder
them
in
tenne
to
a
company
,
afterward
Lots
were
cast
,
and
they
to
whom
the
chaunce
happened
,
were
punished
with
death
for
safetie
of
the
other
.
Iulius
Frontinus
sayth
,
that
Marcus
Antonius
dyd
the
like
to
a
Band
of
hys
,
which
had
not
defended
his
Rampiers
,
but
suffered
the
enemies
to
set
them
on
fire
.
They
vsed
sundrie
other
punishments
to
to
their
disobedient
Souldiours
,
whereof
would
aske
a
long
tyme
to
speak
:
wherfore
onely
I
say
,
that
as
in
those
times
there
was
no
default
in
honoring
&
rewarding
goodnesse
,
so
likewise
was
there
no
defect
in
punishing
wickednesse
.
Of
the
seauen
Wonders
or
Meruailes
of
the
World
.
SVch
as
haue
read
the
auncient
Historians
,
Oratours
,
and
Poets
,
haue
founde
mention
made
in
sundrie
of
their
writings
,
of
seauen
Meruailes
or
Wonders
of
the
World
,
which
were
in
diuers
and
contrary
places
.
All
they
that
haue
written
,
doe
agree
on
sixe
,
but
about
the
seauenth
they
hold
variable
opinions
,
and
likewise
there
is
difference
in
placing
one
before
another
.
Notwithstanding
,
I
intende
first
to
speake
of
the
walles
of
Babilon
,
which
are
placed
in
number
of
these
Meruailes
,
and
that
for
good
cause
:
because
the
greatnesse
of
the
place
,
and
compasse
of
ground
dooth
seeme
incredible
.
Let
vs
leaue
to
speake
of
the
diuersitie
of
tongues
,
which
was
there
where
Nemrod
builded
the
Tower
of
Babell
,
whereby
the
Citty
first
tooke
name
.
The
walles
we
now
speake
of
,
according
to
the
most
soundest
opinion
,
as
of
Trogus
Pompeus
,
and
Iustin
in
the
first
Booke
of
his
abridged
Hystories
:
was
founded
by
the
famous
Queene
Semiramis
,
Mother
to
Ninus
.
Diodorus
Scicilianus
,
in
his
third
booke
,
Amianus
Marcellus
in
his
23.
booke
,
Paulus
Orosius
in
his
second
booke
,
maintaineth
the
same
,
with
the
greatest
part
of
the
Authours
among
the
Gentiles
:
yet
notwithstanding
,
S.
Austine
in
his
first
booke
of
the
Cittie
of
GOD
,
and
Iosephus
in
the
sixt
booke
of
his
Antiquities
,
say
,
that
they
were
builded
by
Nemrod
,
being
ayded
by
his
proude
and
mighty
Giants
:
but
were
it
the
foundation
or
reparation
which
Semiramis
did
,
it
suffiseth
that
she
was
greatly
ennobled
thereby
.
The
plot
of
this
Citty
was
a
plaine
on
the
one
side
,
the
other
passed
by
the
Riuer
of
Euphrates
:
the
draught
or
figure
of
thys
Cittie
,
was
in
a
Quadrangle
,
the
wals
maruailous
high
,
and
wrought
with
very
cunning
workmanship
:
the
thing
it selfe
was
of
stone
,
ioyned
with
white
lyme
and
Morter
,
which
grew
in
the
Quarries
of
the
Country
,
especially
in
the
great
Lake
of
Iudea
:
where
sometime
stoode
Sodome
and
Gomorha
,
named
Asphaltida
or
Mare
mortuum
,
which
casteth
forth
earth
like
Pitch
or
Glewe
,
the
very
strongest
that
can
be
found
.
The
Historians
doe
disagree
about
the
height
and
largenes
of
the
compasse
of
the
wals
:
which
might
easilie
happen
,
by
reason
of
the
diuers
measures
they
made
.
Plinie
sayth
,
the
circuite
of
the
walles
,
was
three-score
thousand
paces
,
so
that
one
of
the
squares
was
fifteene
miles-long
:
hee
saith
likewise
,
that
they
were
two
hundred
foote
in
height
,
one
of
which
feete
exceedeth
by
three
singers
the
measure
of
the
Romaine
foote
:
in
thicknesse
they
were
fifty
foote
of
the
same
measure
,
which
in
trueth
is
a
thing
very
admirable
.
Diodorus
the
Scicilian
,
sayth
in
his
thyrd
booke
,
that
the
walles
of
this
Citty
,
had
in
compasse
,
three
hundred
and
three-score
Stades
,
euerie
Stade
containing
in
length
,
sixe-score
&
fiue
paces
:
and
that
they
were
so
broade
or
large
,
as
sixe
Chariots
might
passe
thereon
along
together
,
without
the
one
hindring
the
other
.
The
bridges
,
rocks
,
Towers
and
Gardens
Semiramis
caused
to
be
made
,
were
to
very
wonderfull
astonishment
:
and
it
is
found
written
,
that
shee
had
in
daily
pay
to
this
worke
,
three
hundred
thousande
men
,
of
all
the
Kingdomes
that
were
subiect
to
her
.
Quintus
Curtius
adioyneth
heereto
eight
Stades
more
in
length
,
and
an
hundred
cubits
more
in
height
:
but
Paulus
Orosius
faith
in
his
seconde
booke
,
that
they
were
foure-hundred
and
foure-score
Stades
long
,
which
amount
(
taking
sixe-score
and
fiue
paces
to
euerie
Stade
)
to
three-score
miles
,
agreeing
with
Plinie
.
Strabo
in
his
sixteene
booke
affirmeth
,
that
they
contained
in
length
three
hundred
,
eightie
fiue
Stades
,
and
so
large
as
so
manie
Chariots
might
passe
ouer
them
,
as
we
haue
already
named
,
without
hindering
each
others
way
.
Beside
,
these
Authours
declare
a
meruailous
thing
,
that
the
Gardens
were
vppon
the
Arches
and
Towers
,
hauing
Trees
in
them
of
wonderfull
height
:
Iulius
Solinus
confirmeth
the
same
,
with
Plinie
and
other
Authours
.
Some
of
these
Writers
record
,
that
without
,
they
were
enclosed
with
Ditches
full
of
water
,
beeing
so
broade
and
deepe
as
an
indifferent
Riuer
.
In
thys
Citty
were
an
hundred
Gates
of
Mettall
very
strange
,
and
for
conclusion
,
what-soeuer
is
written
concerning
the
height
and
largenes
of
these
walles
,
is
to
be
credited
:
because
in
trueth
it
was
the
proudest
Cittie
in
the
worlde
,
and
long
time
held
the
vniuersall
Monarchie
,
which
is
no
meane
argument
of
the
greatnesse
,
declared
by
Aristotle
in
the
thyrde
Booke
of
hys
Pollitiques
,
saying
,
that
if
any
one
were
taken
at
one
side
by
the
enemie
,
they
which
dwelt
on
the
other
side
,
could
not
heare
thereof
in
three
daies
space
.
The
second
Wonder
of
the
Worlde
.
NExt
,
in
the
seconde
place
,
and
for
the
second
Wonder
of
the
Worlde
,
I
poynt
out
the
huge
Colossus
of
the
Sun
,
which
was
in
Rhodes
:
being
the
statue
or
figure
of
a
Man
,
offered
by
the
Gentiles
to
the
Sunne
,
some
say
to
Iupiter
.
It
was
made
of
Mettall
,
the
greatnes
incredible
,
&
the
height
as
if
it
were
a
wondrous
Tower
:
so
that
it
was
to
be
admired
,
howe
it
was
there
framed
and
erected
.
Plinie
who
discourseth
on
all
thinges
,
sayth
,
that
it
was
seauentie
cubits
high
,
and
albeit
for
the
making
there
were
many
good
workmen
busied
about
it
:
yet
was
it
twelue
yeeres
in
perfecting
,
and
cost
in
value
three
hundred
Talents
:
he
that
vndertooke
this
worke
,
was
Cares
the
Indian
,
the
scholler
of
Lysippus
.
This
statue
was
so
vnreasonable
great
,
as
it
seemed
the
earth
could
not
long
tyme
vphold
it
:
because
,
according
to
Plinie
&
Paulus
Orosius
,
it
stoode
but
sixe
and
fifty
yeres
,
at
the
end
of
which
time
it
fell
,
by
reason
of
a
great
trembling
of
the
earth
.
After
the
fall
,
and
the
tyme
named
by
Plinie
,
many
went
to
see
this
meruailous
thing
,
and
few
men
were
found
(
saith
he
)
that
coulde
fadome
or
embrace
the
great
fingers
of
this
statue
:
so
that
the
very
least
of
the
fingers
,
were
bigger
than
any
other
statue
it selfe
.
Yet
speaketh
he
of
an
hundred
other
Colosses
of
lesse
quantitie
,
which
likewise
were
in
Rhodes
,
but
they
are
nothing
to
our
purpose
:
vnlesse
some
one
perhaps
will
say
,
because
of
the
one
great
&
the
other
lesser
,
the
Rhodians
should
be
named
the
Colossenses
or
Colossians
.
Yet
that
opinion
is
not
approued
by
Erasmus
,
for
he
saith
that
the
Colossians
to
whom
S.
Paule
wrote
,
were
people
of
a
Cittie
in
Phrigia
,
named
Colossas
.
Returne
we
then
to
thys
meruailous
Colossus
,
I
say
that
it
remained
there
ruined
on
the
earth
a
long
time
,
euen
vntil
Pope
Martin
the
first
:
which
was
in
the
yeere
six
hundred
,
when
the
Infidels
and
the
Soldane
of
Egipt
theyr
Captaine
,
came
vpon
the
Rhodians
,
and
according
as
Platina
writes
in
the
life
of
Pope
Martin
,
and
Anthonie
Sabellicus
in
the
third
part
of
his
booke
:
they
report
,
that
he
found
the
Reliques
of
this
Colossus
,
and
that
nine
hundred
Camels
were
loden
away
with
the
Mettall
thereof
.
The
other
Colosses
that
were
in
Rhodes
,
and
other
places
,
not
so
great
,
wee
will
not
speake
of
them
:
because
in
thys
discourse
,
wee
must
onely
intreat
on
seauen
Wonders
of
the
World
.
The
third
wonder
of
the
world
.
FOR
the
third
,
I
think
meete
to
set
downe
the
Piramides
of
Egipt
:
which
in
truth
,
if
that
which
so
many
learned
Historians
haue
written
,
may
be
tearmed
trueth
,
was
a
thing
very
admirable
.
These
Piramides
were
certaine
buildings
,
which
began
in
forme
of
a
Quadrangle
,
or
foure
square
,
&
ascended
so
vp
to
the
highest
in
large
proportion
,
according
to
the
maner
of
a
poynted
Diamond
:
yet
were
they
of
such
greatnes
and
height
,
containing
such
&
so
many
stones
,
and
in
such
perfection
,
as
it
is
very
hard
to
be
set
downe
,
but
more
hard
to
cause
each
one
giue
credite
thereto
:
notwithstanding
,
they
are
so
authorised
by
Authours
both
Christians
and
Gentiles
,
and
them
that
are
the
best
approoued
,
as
none
can
deny
what
they
haue
written
.
These
Piramides
then
are
like
high
Towers
,
finishing
at
the
top
spire
and
sharpe
,
the
Etimologie
of
the
name
,
commeth
of
Pyr
in
Greeke
,
which
is
to
say
,
fire
:
because
it
seemeth
that
the
highest
of
these
building
doe
flash
out
flames
of
fire
.
Amongst
all
other
Piramides
,
the
Historians
make
particuler
mention
of
three
that
were
in
Egipt
,
neere
the
Cittie
of
Memphis
,
which
at
this
day
is
the
Caire
,
and
the
Ile
that
foundeth
Nilus
,
named
Delta
:
one
of
which
three
,
is
placed
in
ranck
among
the
seauen
Meruailes
of
the
world
,
for
it
is
saide
,
that
at
the
making
thereof
,
continually
and
dailie
laboured
,
three
hundred
and
three-score
thousand
men
,
for
the
space
of
twentie
yeres
together
.
Many
doe
affirme
this
,
and
particulerlie
Plinie
,
speaking
amply
thereof
,
in
his
thirtie
sixe
booke
and
twelfth
Chapter
,
and
for
hys
assuraunce
,
alleadgeth
twelue
sounde
Authours
;
Beside
,
Diodorus
in
his
first
Booke
,
Strabo
in
his
last
booke
,
Pomponius
Mela
in
his
first
booke
,
Herodotus
in
his
seconde
booke
,
Amianus
in
his
second
booke
,
and
many
other
.
Some
say
,
that
the
plot
and
foundation
of
this
Piramides
,
spred
foorth
and
couered
eyght
daies
iourney
of
ground
:
let
me
leaue
to
your
imagination
,
what
space
that
may
be
.
Some
other
say
,
seauen
dayes
iourney
,
but
the
least
yeeldeth
to
sixe
,
and
as
much
or
rather
more
in
height
.
Plinie
sayth
,
that
each
square
contained
eyght
hundred
,
foure-score
and
three
foote
,
the
stones
were
of
Marble
,
brought
out
of
Arabia
,
and
Pomponius
Mela
saith
,
that
the
most
part
of
them
were
three
foote
large
.
Heereby
may
we
easily
gather
,
that
so
many
thousand
men
might
be
imployed
:
some
to
carry
stones
,
some
to
hew
and
cut
them
,
and
others
to
place
them
,
beside
the
multitude
that
wrought
in
the
yron
workes
,
and
about
other
necessary
occasions
.
Of
the
other
Piramides
it
is
thus
saide
,
the
least
of
the
two
was
made
by
the
vanitie
of
the
Kings
of
Egypt
,
which
were
the
richest
in
all
the
world
:
as
well
by
the
fertility
of
the
earth
,
as
also
that
in
this
Countrey
no
person
possessed
any
thing
in
proper
,
but
the
King
onely
.
And
this
was
since
the
time
,
that
Ioseph
the
sonne
of
Iaacob
councelled
Pharao
,
to
preserue
the
Corne
for
7.
yeres
aboundance
,
regarding
the
time
of
famine
:
during
which
space
,
by
the
meanes
of
thys
Corne
,
hee
had
all
the
Countreyes
his
Vassailes
.
Thinke
then
whether
these
Kinges
were
rich
or
no
,
when
they
made
theyr
Subiects
attend
on
them
like
seruaunts
.
And
the
Historians
say
,
that
the
Kings
in
thys
respect
caused
these
Piramides
to
be
builded
,
because
they
would
giue
to
eate
to
their
people
that
laboured
:
as
also
least
they
should
leaue
their
riches
to
their
successours
,
for
they
had
rather
thus
spend
it
among
their
people
,
then
any
of
their
heyres
should
be
aduantaged
by
their
death
,
inheriting
theyr
goods
and
money
.
It
is
found
also
written
,
that
these
Piramides
serued
for
Sepulchers
to
the
Kings
:
and
who
so
will
consider
the
multitude
of
the
Hebrew
people
that
serued
in
Egypt
,
by
whom
the
Kings
caused
to
be
builded
Citties
and
Fortresses
:
they
will
not
bee
abashed
heereat
,
seeing
it
is
a
thing
verie
certaine
,
that
sixe
hundred
thousand
men
,
beside
great
multitude
of
women
and
young
children
,
endured
the
seruitude
,
all
which
were
imployed
and
serued
in
these
meruaylous
workes
.
So
then
it
is
no
matter
of
meruaile
,
howe
these
buildings
should
be
made
,
for
it
is
said
,
that
in
Turnops
,
Garlike
and
Scallions
,
to
maintaine
this
number
of
workmen
,
were
spent
eighteene
hundred
Talents
,
which
valued
the
price
of
each
daies
worke
,
a
Million
and
four-score
thousand
Crownes
.
Diodorus
sayth
,
that
all
the
compasse
therof
and
very
farre
about
,
there
was
not
so
much
as
one
little
stone
,
nor
apparance
that
any
person
had
beene
there
,
nor
signe
of
any
foundation
,
but
the
Grauell
verie
small
and
fine
as
any
salte
:
so
that
it
seemed
this
Piramides
was
there
set
by
the
hand
of
God
,
and
that
it
was
naturally
created
,
the
top
therof
resembling
as
if
it
touched
heauen
.
If
wee
set
aside
the
old
auncient
Bookes
,
yet
shall
we
find
witnesses
in
our
owne
later
tymes
,
for
Peter
Martyr
of
Millaine
,
a
man
learned
,
that
was
Ambassadour
for
the
Princes
Catholique
,
Don
Ferdinand
and
Dame
Isabell
,
to
the
Soldane
of
Egipt
,
in
the
yeere
one
thousande
,
fiue
hundred
and
one
,
made
a
booke
of
what
he
had
seene
&
done
in
his
Embassade
:
therein
he
reciteth
,
as
if
it
were
by
word
of
mouth
,
that
he
sawe
these
Piramides
,
and
agreeth
with
what
the
auncient
Authours
haue
written
.
And
particulerly
he
speakes
of
two
which
hee
had
seene
,
that
were
of
incredible
height
:
he
sayth
,
hee
measured
the
squares
of
one
,
and
found
each
to
be
three
hundred
and
fifteene
paces
,
and
about
thirteene
hundred
in
compasse
:
that
on
euery
side
,
there
were
such
huge
great
stones
,
as
each
one
seemed
a
building
of
it selfe
.
He
sayth
moreouer
,
that
certaine
of
hys
company
got
vp
on
one
of
them
by
great
labour
,
and
(
though
in
long
tyme
)
they
reached
the
top
:
saying
,
that
on
the
verie
highest
of
all
was
one
onelie
stone
,
so
great
and
broade
,
as
thirty
men
might
easily
stand
vppon
it
.
And
when
they
were
belowe
,
they
said
they
supposed
themselues
to
haue
been
in
a
Clowde
,
they
were
so
high
:
and
they
seemed
to
haue
lost
the
light
,
their
braynes
wheeling
about
and
turning
downe-warde
.
Whereby
he
saith
,
that
the
number
of
people
is
not
to
be
doubted
,
nor
yet
the
expence
which
is
saide
to
be
consumed
about
these
things
.
The
fourth
wonder
of
the
world
.
THE
fourth
Miracle
,
was
that
of
Mausolus
,
made
by
Artemisia
,
wife
to
the
said
Mausolus
king
of
Caria
,
a
Prouince
of
Asia
the
great
.
This
Queene
,
according
to
Aulus
Gellius
,
in
the
tenth
booke
of
his
Ati
.
Nox
:
and
diuers
other
Historians
,
so
deerely
loued
her
husbande
,
as
euerie
one
sette
her
downe
for
a
notable
example
both
of
loue
&
chastitie
.
The
King
dying
,
for
hys
death
she
vsed
teares
and
extreame
complaints
,
other
then
the
custome
of
women
now
is
:
&
she
would
make
him
a
Sepulcher
,
conformable
to
the
great
loue
she
bare
him
,
&
such
a
one
it
was
,
as
it
is
placed
among
the
seauen
Wonders
of
the
world
.
The
stone
of
all
this
building
was
of
an
excellent
Marble
,
which
had
the
compasse
and
circuit
of
four
hundred
&
eleuen
foote
,
and
twentie
fiue
cubits
in
height
:
it
had
about
it
sixe
and
twentie
pillers
of
stone
,
cut
with
wonderfull
cunning
.
It
was
open
on
all
sides
,
hauing
Arches
of
seauenty-three
foote
wide
:
and
it
was
made
by
the
handes
of
the
most
exquisite
work-men
that
coulde
bee
found
.
The
part
toward
the
East
,
was
made
and
grauen
by
Scopas
:
the
North-side
,
by
Briax
:
the
South
part
,
by
Timotheus
:
and
the
West
by
Leochares
.
The
perfection
of
this
worke
was
such
,
and
the
building
so
faire
and
sumptuous
,
as
is
was
called
Mausolus
,
after
the
King
for
whom
it
was
made
:
so
that
all
other
Sepulchres
,
that
vntil
this
day
haue
been
builded
,
for
the
excellent
workmanship
of
this
one
,
are
likewise
called
Mausolaea
.
Heerof
made
mention
Plinie
in
his
thirty-fiue
booke
and
fifth
Chapter
,
Pomponius
Mela
in
his
first
booke
,
Herodotus
and
Strabo
in
his
seauenth
booke
,
Aulus
Gellius
likewise
heerof
keepes
memorie
,
and
many
other
Historians
beside
.
It
is
recorded
,
that
Artemisia
after
the
death
of
her
husbande
,
liued
continually
in
teares
and
pensiuenes
,
and
that
she
dyed
before
her
work
was
finished
,
hauing
drunken
in
powder
the
bones
of
her
husbande
,
which
shee
caused
to
be
burned
for
this
purpose
,
and
so
made
him
a
Sepulchre
of
her
owne
body
.
The
fift
Wonder
of
the
World
.
LIttle
contention
needeth
about
the
fift
of
these
Meruailes
,
for
that
was
the
Temple
of
Diana
,
whom
the
Gentiles
thorow
follie
adored
for
a
Goddesse
:
and
builded
this
Temple
in
the
Citty
of
Ephesus
in
Asia
,
in
the
Prouince
of
Ionia
.
Plinie
in
his
sixteene
booke
and
thirtie
foure
Chapter
,
writing
of
this
Temple
,
saith
,
that
it
contained
foure
hundred
and
twentie
fiue
foote
in
length
,
and
two
hundred
and
twentie
in
breadth
.
The
worke
was
of
such
meruailous
cunning
,
as
it
was
two
hundred
and
twentie
yeeres
in
perfecting
:
and
it
was
builded
in
a
Lake
,
to
preuent
the
danger
of
the
earth-quaking
,
on
the
foundation
beeing
layde
harde
powder
of
coales
,
and
there-vpon
wooll
,
to
keepe
the
place
moyst
and
marshie
.
It
had
an
hundred
and
twentie
seauen
Colloms
of
excellent
Marble
,
they
beeing
each
one
three-score
and
tenne
foote
in
height
,
and
euery
Collome
was
caused
to
be
made
by
a
seuerall
King
of
Asia
,
thirtie
seauen
of
them
was
grauen
with
meruailous
cunning
skyll
,
they
all
beeing
of
most
choise
Marble
.
The
principall
Maister
of
this
worke
,
according
to
Pinie
,
was
Dresiphon
,
and
after
Strabo
in
his
four-teene
booke
,
Archiphron
:
notwith-standing
,
this
diuersitie
of
opinion
is
to
be
borne
withall
,
considering
how
long
time
was
required
about
it
,
and
therefore
it
had
more
then
one
Maister
,
especially
for
the
trymming
by
diuers
,
&
in
sundry
times
.
Solinus
in
hys
fourteene
Chapter
,
and
Pomponius
Mela
in
his
first
booke
,
say
,
that
the
Amazones
builded
and
dedicated
thys
Temple
.
Moreouer
Solinus
saith
,
that
when
the
puissant
King
Xerxes
went
to
the
conquest
of
Greece
,
and
that
hee
burned
all
the
Temples
,
yet
he
reserued
this
onely
.
All
Historians
doe
agree
,
that
the
Pyllers
of
this
Temple
helde
vp
the
plauncher
of
wood
,
so
arteficially
wrought
as
was
possible
to
be
doone
:
and
that
it
was
couered
with
Cedar
,
according
to
Plinie
in
his
sixt
booke
,
and
49.
chapter
,
the
Gates
&
seelings
beeing
of
Cipres
.
Afterward
,
a
villaine
seeing
this
sumptuous
and
admirable
building
,
he
was
desirous
to
burne
it
,
and
so
hee
did
:
when
beeing
taken
for
thys
offence
,
he
confessed
he
dyd
it
for
no
other
intent
,
but
to
leaue
a
renowne
of
hymselfe
to
the
world
.
But
Ualerius
the
great
,
and
Aulus
Gellius
in
his
second
booke
say
,
that
to
spoyle
this
villaines
desire
of
renowne
,
it
was
forbidden
vnder
great
and
greeuous
paine
,
that
none
should
write
his
name
;
to
the
ende
he
might
faile
of
the
fame
and
glory
he
expected
.
But
thys
serued
to
small
purpose
,
for
Solinus
and
Strabo
say
,
that
he
was
named
Erostratus
,
&
of
him
came
the
Prouerbe
:
that
when
anie
one
would
be
famous
for
a
vicious
acte
,
they
would
say
,
This
is
the
renowne
of
Erostratus
.
Againe
,
it
may
bee
spoken
for
a
notable
thing
,
that
the
same
day
the
Temple
was
burnt
,
Alexander
the
great
was
borne
,
who
conquered
all
Asia
:
Heereof
are
Authours
,
Plutarch
in
the
life
of
Alexander
,
and
Cicero
in
his
seconde
Booke
of
the
nature
of
the
Gods
,
there
it
is
reported
in
many
places
,
&
likewise
in
the
booke
of
Diuination
▪
and
it
is
said
,
that
while
the
Temple
burned
,
the
Sages
prognosticated
the
destruction
of
all
Asia
,
as
afterwarde
it
happened
by
Alexander
.
Some
say
the
Temple
was
re-edified
againe
,
farre
more
great
and
excellent
then
it
was
before
,
and
that
the
Maister
of
the
work
was
named
Democrates
.
The
sixt
Wonder
of
the
World
.
COncerning
the
sixt
meruaile
,
it
was
the
Idoll
or
Image
of
Iupiter
Olimpus
,
which
was
in
his
Temple
in
Achaia
,
betweene
the
Citties
of
Elis
and
Pisa
,
the
place
being
named
Olimpia
:
and
likewise
the
Temple
,
because
of
Iupiter
Olimpus
,
of
whom
Strabo
in
his
eyght
booke
,
and
Pomponius
Mela
in
his
seconde
booke
,
say
,
that
thys
statue
or
Image
which
was
in
the
Temple
,
was
renowned
,
as
well
for
the
perfection
and
admirable
workmanship
,
as
also
for
the
greatnesse
thereof
.
It
was
made
of
Porphire
,
some
say
Iuory
,
by
the
hande
of
Phidias
,
the
most
excellent
Engrauer
and
Image-maker
that
euer
was
.
Plinie
in
hys
thirty
fiue
and
thirtie
sixe
bookes
,
makes
mention
of
it
,
so
doe
manie
other
beside
.
Strabo
sayth
,
the
excellencie
thereof
was
in
the
greatnesse
:
and
that
which
makes
it
more
admirable
,
is
,
that
it
was
of
Porphiry
,
cut
in
an
infinite
number
of
peeces
.
It
is
saide
,
that
Phidias
was
toucht
with
one
onely
imperfection
,
which
was
,
that
hee
had
not
well
compassed
the
proportion
of
the
Image
with
the
Temple
,
because
it
was
in
such
sort
placed
,
and
so
huge
,
as
when
one
considered
what
might
be
the
height
thereof
,
ifhe
were
vnderneath
vpon
hys
feete
,
he
would
imagine
nothing
more
could
be
contained
within
the
Temple
.
Notwithstanding
,
the
renowne
of
this
Image
was
highly
aduaunced
,
and
made
the
Temple
more
known
then
otherwise
it
would
haue
beene
:
because
in
that
place
was
the
sports
and
Games
called
Olimpia
,
&
hence
it
came
,
that
they
accounted
the
yeeres
by
Olimpiades
,
whereof
they
madè
fiue
yeeres
in
fiue
yeres
.
The
games
were
first
instituted
by
Hercules
,
afterward
when
they
had
left
them
off
,
they
were
restored
and
re-established
by
Emonies
,
after
some
Authours
,
by
Sphyron
,
four
or
fiue
yeeres
after
the
destruction
of
Troy
,
according
to
Eusebius
,
&
there
beginneth
the
yeere
of
the
s●st
Olimpiade
.
The
seauenth
Wonder
of
the
World
.
LAstly
,
for
the
seauenth
wonder
,
some
say
that
it
was
the
Tower
in
the
Ile
of
Pharos
,
neere
to
the
Cittie
of
Alexandria
in
Egipt
.
Pharos
was
a
little
I
le
long
and
straite
,
seated
on
the
coast
of
Egipt
,
&
directly
against
the
mouth
of
Nylus
,
which
in
times
past
,
as
saith
Pomponius
Mela
in
his
second
booke
,
and
Plinie
in
his
fift
,
was
altogether
inclosed
with
firme
Lande
:
and
afterwarde
,
to
the
times
of
the
selfe
same
Authours
,
it
was
embraced
wyth
the
mayne
Sea
,
saue
onely
a
bridge
,
wherby
they
passed
from
the
one
I
le
to
the
other
.
In
this
firme
Land
is
the
great
Cittie
of
Alexandria
,
builded
by
Alexander
the
great
,
which
Cittie
was
afterwarde
a
Colonie
to
Iulius
Caesar.
In
this
Ile
called
Pharos
,
after
the
name
of
a
great
Pilot
to
Menelaus
,
who
was
there
buried
:
the
Kings
of
Egipt
caused
to
be
builded
a
Tower
of
Marble
,
meruailous
in
height
and
work-manship
,
vpon
a
Mountaine
enuironed
with
water
.
The
laboure
thereon
bestowed
was
such
,
as
it
cost
eyght
hundred
Talents
,
which
value
foure
hundred
and
four-score
thousand
Crownes
,
according
to
the
computation
of
Budaeus
:
and
it
was
builded
for
no
other
purpose
,
then
to
alight
a
fire
in
the
night
on
the
top
thereof
,
for
guyde
and
direction
to
the
shyppes
that
came
to
take
port
there
.
Thys
Tower
,
according
to
the
most
great
opinion
,
was
builded
by
Ptolomeus
Philodelphus
,
King
of
Egipt
,
and
the
chiefe
Archetect
that
made
it
,
was
named
Sistrates
,
as
we
are
certified
by
Plinie
in
his
fiue
and
thirty
Booke
.
Caesar
in
his
Comentaries
,
greatly
commendeth
the
height
&
worke
of
thys
Tower
,
and
sayth
it
was
called
Pharos
,
taking
name
of
the
Ile
:
so
saith
Amianus
Marcellinus
in
his
first
booke
,
treating
of
the
Historie
of
thys
Tower
,
and
Solinus
in
his
Polyhistor
,
in
the
end
of
the
thirty
foure
Chapter
,
that
al
Towers
which
were
made
afterward
,
were
named
Pharos
,
after
this
one
:
as
was
the
Pharos
of
Messina
,
and
else
where
.
Againe
I
thinke
,
that
the
fires
which
are
ordinarily
carried
in
Ships
,
to
guide
them
in
the
night
from
others
,
by
thys
occasion
,
are
named
Pharos
.
Thus
thys
Tower
is
the
last
of
these
seauen
Wonders
,
albeit
that
by
many
it
is
not
placed
among
the
number
of
them
:
but
in
sted
thereof
is
named
the
high
grounded
Gardens
of
Babilon
,
whereof
already
wee
haue
spoken
.
Lactantius
Firmianus
,
holdeth
so
,
&
saith
that
these
Gardens
were
vppon
the
Arches
and
Towers
,
admirable
in
greatnes
,
with
a
number
of
Fountaines
:
the
forme
of
which
building
is
amply
set
downe
by
Diodorus
the
Scicilian
.
Caelio
the
Rhodian
,
discoursing
on
the
seauen
Wonders
,
agrees
not
that
this
seauenth
is
the
Tower
of
Pharos
,
or
the
high
hanging
Gardens
:
but
the
Obelisque
of
Semiramis
,
which
was
made
after
the
same
fashion
and
structure
of
the
Piramides
,
for
it
began
so
in
a
Quadrangle
,
and
finished
in
a
sharpe
point
:
nor
was
there
any
difference
between
the
Obelisque
and
the
Piramides
,
but
that
the
Obelisque
was
onely
of
one
peece
,
and
therfore
could
be
nothing
so
high
as
the
Piramides
.
It
is
found
written
,
that
certaine
of
them
were
so
great
as
Towers
,
and
of
a
very
faire
stone
:
there
is
one
at
this
day
in
Rome
,
named
Caesars
Needle
,
which
was
brought
out
of
Egipt
,
and
is
a
very
meruailous
thing
to
beholde
,
as
well
for
the
greatnesse
and
to
consider
the
manner
howe
it
was
brought
thether
.
Of
the
Obelisque
of
Semiramis
,
which
Caelio
(
as
I
haue
said
)
numbreth
amongst
the
seauen
Meruailes
,
it
is
iustified
in
wryting
,
that
it
was
an
hundred
&
fifty
foote
high
,
as
also
four
and
twenty
foote
broade
in
a
quadrangle
,
so
that
the
whole
compasse
thereof
was
ninety
foote
.
And
this
stone
so
beeing
whole
&
sound
,
was
taken
from
the
Mountaines
in
Armenia
,
and
by
the
commaundement
of
Semiramis
brought
into
Babilon
Caldea
:
but
in
trueth
when
we
consider
how
it
was
drawne
,
carried
and
lifted
vp
,
it
seemeth
altogether
a
matter
incredible
,
if
the
tymes
of
antiquitie
had
not
like
thinges
or
more
strange
,
whereof
we
are
truely
certified
by
Authours
worthy
of
credite
,
and
other
very
great
Obelisques
,
which
the
Kings
of
Egipt
cause
to
be
made
.
Plinie
in
his
sixt
booke
,
eyght
and
ninth
chapters
,
shewes
the
maner
of
drawing
these
stones
forth
of
the
Quarries
and
Mines
of
stone
.
Of
these
Piramides
,
Obelisques
,
Statues
and
Colosses
,
maketh
mention
the
learned
Polyphius
,
in
the
beginning
of
his
Hypne-rotomachia
.
Of
the
great
Treasure
found
in
Pouilla
.
IN
the
time
of
Robert
Gu●scardo
,
in
Pouilla
was
found
a
statue
of
Marble
,
which
had
about
the
head
in
manner
of
a
Garlande
,
a
circle
of
brasse
,
wherein
was
engrauen
these
Latine
wordes
.
Calendis
Maii
,
oriente
Sole
,
aurum
caput
habebo
.
Which
is
to
say
,
In
the
Calends
of
Maie
,
at
the
rising
of
the
Sunne
,
I
shall
haue
a
heade
of
golde
.
Robert
searched
long
to
know
the
signification
of
these
words
,
yet
coulde
hee
not
find
any
one
to
instruct
him
in
the
true
vnderstanding
:
vntill
at
last
there
was
a
Sara●en
,
well
skilled
in
the
Magique
Arte
,
being
prisoner
to
Robert
,
hauing
●st
demaunded
his
liberty
in
recompence
of
the
interpretation
,
he
offered
todisclose
the
wordes
written
on
the
statue
.
His
deliueraunce
being
graunted
by
the
Duke
Guyscardo
,
he
declared
them
in
this
manner
,
to
wit
.
On
the
day
of
the
Calendes
of
May
,
at
the
rysing
of
the
Sun
,
he
obserued
and
marked
the
place
where
the
shadow
of
the
statues
heade
finished
on
the
ground
,
and
there
he
commaunded
them
to
dig
very
deepe
,
by
which
meanes
should
be
vnderstoode
the
meaning
of
the
word
.
Robert
caused
a
deepe
digging
to
bee
made
in
the
appointed
place
,
where
in
little
while
was
discouered
and
founde
a
mightie
masse
of
Treasure
,
which
gaue
him
good
&
principall
ayde
in
his
meruailous
enterprises
.
And
for
the
Saracen
,
beside
other
recompences
he
receiued
of
Robert
:
the
recouery
of
his
liberty
was
the
most
ioyfull
thing
,
which
in
al
the
world
could
happen
to
him
.
These
three
last
discourses
,
were
translated
out
of
the
diuers
Lessons
of
Pierre
Messie
,
and
Antonie
du
Verdier
Sieur
de
Vaupriuaz
.
An
aduertisement
to
the
Reader
.
A
Man
can
hardly
haue
knowledge
of
the
estate
of
the
Romaine
Empire
,
nor
lykewise
of
the
Kingdomes
,
Signories
and
principalities
that
are
in
Greece
and
Asia
:
vnlesse
he
vnderstande
their
moneyes
,
manners
and
behauiour
in
speech
,
which
hath
bred
heer-to-fore
a
generall
error
and
confusion
.
For
they
that
haue
written
an
hundred
times
Sestertiaes
,
meant
and
signified
an
hundred
times
an
hundred
thousand
Sestertiaes
:
the
which
custome
and
kinde
of
speeche
,
hath
brought
the
Interpreters
and
Translatours
of
good
Authours
,
since
within
a
thousande
yeeres
,
into
great
doubt
and
errour
.
There
were
some
that
imagined
and
thought
them
to
be
the
same
indeede
,
and
therfore
spake
thereof
indifferently
:
others
there
were
that
either
vnderstood
them
not
,
or
else
could
not
comprehend
them
,
and
so
by
reason
of
their
weakenes
&
doubting
,
there
hath
ensued
very
great
disference
and
alteration
.
But
the
verie
trueth
is
,
that
this
manner
of
speech
came
in
vse
,
by
abbreuiation
of
the
language
:
for
when
they
woulde
signifie
a
great
sum
,
to
cut
short
the
word
,
they
would
say
an
hundred
times
Sestertiaes
:
in
sted
of
saying
,
an
hundred
times
an
hundred
thousand
Sestertiaes
.
And
foure
hundred
tymes
Sestertiaes
,
in
sted
of
four
hundred
times
an
hundred
thousande
:
twelue
times
Sestertiaes
,
meaning
twelue
thousande
Sestertiaes
.
&c.
To
know
summarily
the
declaration
and
meaning
of
the
summes
contained
in
the
Histories
:
I
haue
according
to
the
account
of
Budaeus
,
gathered
the
notes
,
and
abridged
them
as
followeth
,
to
be
knowen
after
our
owne
English
money
,
or
after
the
value
of
the
French
Crownes
.
THE
As
,
valueth
foure
small
French
Deniers
,
not
so
much
as
an
English
farthing
.
Thys
As
,
is
the
very
least
peece
of
coyne
or
currant
Money
that
is
.
In
signification
according
to
the
Latine
,
it
is
taken
for
a
pound
weight
,
consisting
of
twelue
ounces
.
In
diuision
of
solid
thinges
,
as
of
Lande
or
inheritance
,
it
is
likewise
taken
for
the
whole
part
or
portion
.
There
is
required
sixe
Sextans
to
make
or
value
an
As.
A
Sextan
is
a
coyne
lesse
then
that
which
is
called
a
Quadran
by
the
third
part
.
It
likewise
is
a
certaine
poyse
or
weight
,
being
two
ounces
,
after
some
called
Obolus
,
after
other
,
the
sixt
part
of
a
pound
.
It
is
the
sixt
part
of
any
measure
,
summe
or
quantity
,
that
is
deuided
into
12.
parts
.
It
is
somtime
likewise
taken
for
2.
inches
.
Also
the
sixt
parte
of
Iugerum
,
which
is
so
much
grounde
as
one
yoke
of
Oxen
wyll
eare
in
a
day
.
It
containes
in
length
,
two
hundred
and
forty
foote
,
and
in
bredth
one
hundred
and
twenty
foote
,
which
multiplied
,
riseth
to
28800.
It
may
bee
vsed
for
our
English
Acre
of
grounde
,
which
neuerthelesse
containeth
more
,
&c.
or
for
a
furlong
.
Obolus
is
also
a
small
peece
of
Coyne
,
but
variable
,
according
to
the
Country
:
in
France
it
is
a
little
brasse
peece
,
the
sixt
parte
of
a
Souse
:
with
vs
in
England
it
is
a
half-penny
.
Yet
Iunius
taketh
it
for
a
penny
and
farthing
of
our
money
.
It
is
also
a
weight
containing
three
Carrets
,
that
is
,
halfe
a
Scruple
.
It
is
sometime
vsed
as
Obolus
terrae
:
fyue
foote
in
breadth
and
tenne
in
length
,
which
containes
siftie
foote
square
.
A
Quadran
,
in
coyne
is
a
brasen
piece
called
Triunx
or
Teruntius
,
the
fourteenth
part
of
Denarius
,
or
as
wee
in
England
count
,
the
fourth
parte
of
a
penny
,
which
is
our
farthing
.
It
is
the
fourth
part
of
an
As
,
that
is
three
ounces
,
and
a
quarter
.
Also
the
fourth
part
of
any
number
or
measure
:
or
three
inches
.
It
is
vsed
diuers
waies
,
as
Quadrans
operae
Col
,
the
fourth
part
of
a
daies
work
.
Ex
quadrante
haeredem
facere
.
Ulpian
,
to
make
heire
of
the
fourth
part
.
Quadrans
vini
.
Cels.
sixe
ounces
of
Wine
,
after
Budaeus
.
After
Physitians
foure
ounces
and
a
halfe
.
Four
Quadrans
or
Quadrins
,
value
an
As.
The
Libella
or
little
booke
,
as
it
is
tearmed
,
is
a
coyne
likewise
valuing
one
As.
Of
this
coyne
there
were
two
sorts
,
one
the
tenth
part
of
Sestertius
,
another
the
tenth
part
of
Denarius
.
Of
English
money
it
is
no
more
than
three
farthings
.
It
is
taken
some
time
for
a
pound
weight
.
Sesquiobolus
valueth
not
halfe
a
Souse
french
.
It
is
diuersly
taken
in
other
Countreyes
:
but
in
England
it
is
likewise
no
more
then
three
farthings
.
Also
it
is
a
poyse
containing
three
parts
of
a
Scruple
.
The
little
Sestertius
valueth
ten
Deniers
&
a
halfe
.
This
coyne
was
among
the
Romaines
,
whereof
Denarius
contained
foure
,
and
is
so
called
,
quasi
Semitertius
:
for
it
contained
two
and
a
halfe
of
the
brasen
coyne
called
As
,
and
is
marked
with
this
figure
H.
S.
Of
English
money
it
is
estimated
woorth
two
pence
,
I
meane
the
little
Sestertius
.
The
Drachma
valueth
three
french
Souses
or
Sols
,
whereof
there
be
three-score
in
a
French
Crowne
.
It
is
otherwise
called
three
Shillings
and
sixe
pence
,
of
this
peece
there
is
mention
made
in
the
Gospell
of
S.
Mathew
.
This
Drachma
is
a
coyne
figured
with
a
Bullocke
,
counterpoysing
an
olde
sterling
Groate
of
eyght
pence
to
the
ounce
.
It
was
diuersly
taken
by
the
name
of
Solidus
amongst
the
Romaines
:
sometimes
for
a
coyne
of
brasse
containing
twelue
ounces
,
a
shylling
:
sometime
for
Drachma
in
siluer
.
Aureus
solidus
in
Alexanders
tyme
,
was
two
Drammes
of
gold
,
afterward
,
in
the
time
of
Iustinian
,
sixe
of
them
made
an
ounce
:
they
being
of
the
weight
of
our
olde
English
Nobles
.
After
Aiginea
Iun.
a
shilling
.
Attica
Iun.
seauen
pence
.
Auri
twelue
siluer
Drammes
,
that
is
,
an
ounce
and
a
halfe
of
siluer
.
The
Sicle
valueth
two
Drachmaes
.
It
is
a
coyne
in
value
about
foure
English
Groates
,
when
eyght
went
to
an
ounce
.
Siclus
Hebraicus
,
vel
argenteus
,
according
to
Iun
,
was
two
shillings
foure
pence
.
It
is
also
a
weight
beeing
halfe
an
ounce
in
poyse
.
The
Didrachma
,
valueth
two
of
the
former
Drachmaes
.
The
Denier
valueth
foure
Sestertiaes
,
which
according
to
some
,
are
woorth
three
shyllings
sixe
pence
.
It
was
a
dayes
wages
for
a
Labourer
,
as
it
is
sayd
in
the
twenty
Chapter
of
Saint
Mathew
.
After
the
Latine
,
Denarius
is
an
olde
pennie
,
worth
tenne
peeces
of
siluer
,
or
tenne
Asses
.
According
to
some
other
Countries
,
it
is
reckoned
worth
eyght
pence
.
The
word
interpreted
after
our
English
,
is
vsed
for
a
penny
of
our
common
coyne
.
Iunius
saith
,
it
is
a
coyne
as
much
as
eyght
pence
of
our
coyne
.
The
Romaine
penny
likewise
,
was
worth
foure
Sestertiaes
,
and
it
went
in
pay
for
ten
Asses
.
Of
it
were
three
sorts
:
one
,
the
sixt
parte
of
an
ounce
,
which
was
more
by
the
thirde
part
then
the
Greeke
Drachma
.
Another
was
,
the
seauenth
parte
of
an
ounce
,
weighing
a
Dramme
,
&
the
seauenth
part
thereof
,
and
twentie
and
foure
went
to
a
pounde
.
The
third
was
the
eight
part
of
an
ounce
,
equall
to
the
Greeke
Dramme
:
in
value
a
sterling
Groate
,
when
8
▪
went
to
an
ounce
.
The
Sportula
valueth
an
hundred
Quadrans
or
Quadrines
.
After
the
Romaines
,
they
termed
it
ten
Sestertiaes
,
which
they
vsed
to
bestowe
in
a
small
drinking
or
banquet
,
on
such
as
came
to
salute
them
.
After
our
English
account
,
by
our
farthing
:
it
is
worth
two
shyllings
&
a
penny
.
The
Mina
valueth
an
hundred
Drachmaes
.
These
hundred
Drachmaes
are
of
our
old
sterling
money
,
three
and
thirtie
shyllinges
and
foure
pence
.
After
others
account
,
which
take
Denarius
Rom●nus
,
which
is
all
one
with
the
Drachma
:
whereby
they
reckon
it
to
be
woorth
fifty
eyght
shillings
and
foure
pence
.
It
is
also
taken
for
a
poyse
of
weight
,
weighing
twelue
ounces
and
a
halfe
,
so
that
it
is
more
then
the
Romaine
pound
by
4.
Drachmaes
.
It
is
likewise
a
measure
of
ground
,
contayning
one
hundred
and
twenty
two
foote
in
length
,
and
as
manie
in
breadth
.
Ten
thousand
Sestertiaes
,
or
tenne
great
Sestertiaes
,
amount
to
two
hundred
and
fifty
Crowns
of
the
Crowne
,
the
best
French
Crowne
next
the
Sun
Crowne
.
A
thousand
Sestertiaes
make
twenty
fiue
Crownes
French
,
which
is
fiue
pound
sterling
of
our
English
money
,
wherby
the
rest
may
easily
be
valued
.
The
Myriade
valueth
10000.
Crownes
.
Twenty
thousande
Sestertiaes
,
come
to
fiue
hundred
Crownes
.
Forty
thousande
Sestertiaes
,
amount
to
a
thousand
Crownes
.
A
hundred
Sestertiaes
,
that
is
to
say
,
an
hundred
thousand
,
doe
value
two
thousand
fiue
hundred
French
Crownes
.
Two
hundred
Sestertiaes
,
are
fiue
thousand
Crownes
.
Eyght
hundred
Sestertiaes
,
come
to
twentie
thousand
Crownes
.
A
thousand
great
Sestertiaes
,
make
fyue
and
twenty
thousand
Crownes
.
Twelue
times
Sestertiaes
,
are
thirty
thousand
Crownes
.
Fortie
times
Sestertiaes
,
make
an
hundred
thousand
Crownes
.
A
hundred
times
Sestertiaes
,
value
two
hundred
and
fiftie
thousand
Crownes
.
A
thousand
times
Sestertiaes
,
amount
to
two
Millions
,
and
500.
thousand
Crownes
.
Ten
thousand
times
Sestertiaes
,
are
fiue
and
twenty
Millions
.
Twenty
thousand
times
Sestertiaes
,
come
to
fifty
Millions
.
A
Talent
of
Gold
,
valueth
sixe
hundred
Crownes
.
Ten
Talents
,
are
two
hundred
and
fortie
thousand
Sestertiaes
,
which
come
to
sixe
thousand
Crownes
.
Twenty
Talents
,
are
foure
hundred
and
foure-score
thousand
Sestertiaes
,
which
amount
to
twelue
thousand
Crownes
.
Fifty
Talents
,
are
twelue
times
Sestertiaes
,
that
is
to
say
,
twelue
hundred
thousand
,
which
value
thirty
thousand
Crownes
.
An
hundred
Talents
,
are
soure
and
twentie
times
Sestertiaes
,
beeing
three-score
thousand
Crownes
.
Fiue
hundred
Talents
,
are
six-score
times
Sestertiaes
,
beeing
three
hundred
thousand
Crownes
.
A
thousand
Talents
,
are
tweluescore
times
Sestertiaes
,
which
come
to
sixe
hundred
thousand
Crownes
.
Foure
thousande
Talents
,
are
nine
hundred
&
sixtie
times
Sestertiaes
,
which
make
two
Millions
and
foure
thousand
Crownes
.
Tenne
thousande
Talents
,
are
two
thousande
and
foure
hundred
tymes
Sestertiaes
,
which
amounteth
to
sixe
Millions
.
Fifty
thousand
Talents
,
are
twelue
thousand
tymes
Sestertiaes
,
which
come
to
thirty
Millions
.
An
hundred
thousand
Talents
,
are
foure
and
twenty
thousand
times
〈◊〉
,
which
amount
to
three-score
Millions
.
&c.
To
make
a
briefe
account
of
our
English
money
,
from
the
small
pennie
,
to
the
pounde
of
twentie
shillings
,
I
thought
it
necessarie
,
for
helpe
in
the
former
great
summes
.
A
Penny
is
the
least
coyne
among
vs
,
saue
the
halfe
penny
,
now
vsed
.
Foure
pence
make
a
Groate
.
Three
Groates
make
a
Shilling
.
Fiue
Shillings
,
a
Crowne
English
,
or
an
ounce
Troy
.
Sixe
Shillings
eyght
pence
,
a
Noble
.
Thirteene
Shillings
four
pence
,
a
Marke
.
Twentie
Shillings
,
a
pound
tale
,
&c.
And
by
these
names
all
summes
of
money
are
commonly
reckoned
with
vs
.
We
vsed
to
call
our
Siluer
coyne
sterling
:
because
in
one
quarter
it
had
the
picture
of
the
bird
,
which
we
call
a
Stare
or
Starling
.
The
Gold
coynes
,
may
without
any
great
errour
be
valued
after
the
rate
of
our
Angels
,
except
where
any
notable
difference
is
.
The
Romaine
Siluer
coyned
tyll
Uespasians
raigne
,
is
iustly
valued
at
fiue
shillinges
,
three
pence
halfe
penny
the
ounce
Troy
:
but
for
the
speedier
supputation
,
I
allot
vnto
it
sixteene
Groates
,
making
no
great
account
of
the
halfe-penny
,
which
is
otherwise
some-what
supplyed
.
Other
siluer
coynes
may
be
valued
at
the
same
rate
,
sauing
that
the
latter
Romaine
coyne
is
a
little
baser
then
the
rest
.
Of
Measures
for
Corne
and
other
thinges
.
THE
Mina
measure
,
containeth
sixe
Bushelles
.
The
Medimnum
,
after
Budaeus
,
contayneth
two
Amphoras
,
which
is
almost
two
Bushels
of
our
measure
English
.
The
Amphora
,
containeth
eyght
Congios
,
and
fortie
eyght
Sextaries
,
which
is
as
much
as
nine
Gallons
of
our
English
measure
.
Amphora
Atticus
containeth
thirty
Gallons
and
a
halfe
.
The
Congius
containeth
sixe
Sextaries
,
which
is
of
our
English
measure
a
Gallon
&
a
Pynte
.
The
Sextarius
is
a
measure
,
whereby
(
according
to
Budaeus
)
all
other
Measures
may
be
made
,
and
certaine
tryall
by
weight
and
measure
.
The
Romaine
Sextane
,
containeth
of
wine
or
Wheate
two
pound
Romane
,
that
is
foure
and
twenty
ounces
:
a
pounde
and
a
halfe
of
Haber
du
poise
weight
,
lesse
then
the
Paris
pynt
by
eyght
ounces
.
Ye
may
try
it
following
Glareans
rule
,
by
making
a
measure
foure
inches
long
,
by
squire
three
inches
deepe
,
&
as
many
broad
,
which
is
the
true
Sextarius
.
According
to
this
account
,
it
is
iust
our
pynt
English
,
and
a
halfe
:
for
in
our
Wine
pinte
is
but
sixteene
ounces
.
Physitions
assigne
but
eyghteene
ounces
,
or
at
the
vttermost
twentie
to
Sextarius
:
&
then
it
is
but
two
or
four
ounces
more
then
our
pynt
.
Sextarius
(
after
George
Agricola
,
)
contayneth
two
Heminae
,
one
pounde
measure
and
eyght
ounces
,
that
is
,
twenty
ounces
or
inch
measures
.
Sextarius
is
in
weight
of
Oyle
,
sixteene
ounces
,
fiue
drammes
,
and
one
scruple
:
of
Wine
fifteene
ounces
and
an
halfe
,
two
Siliquaes
,
and
two
third
parts
of
a
graine
.
The
Hemina
containeth
nine
ounces
&
two
Quartarios
,
that
is
,
three
quarters
of
a
pint
.
Quartarius
is
the
fourth
part
of
Sextarius
,
containing
two
Acebatula
,
a
quarter
of
a
pounde
.
Siliqua
,
is
the
Scruple
,
whereof
three
make
a
Dramme
,
&
is
now
called
a
Coract
,
vsed
of
finers
of
Gold
and
siluer
.
The
Greeke
Tunne
and
Romaine
,
agreeth
with
the
Vessell
of
Paris
.
A
pynte
is
the
least
measure
that
hath
a
peculier
name
with
vs
in
England
.
Two
of
them
make
a
Quart.
Two
Quarts
a
pottle
.
Two
Pottles
a
Gallon
.
Of
these
are
the
greatest
Measures
,
which
for
Ale
,
Beere
and
Wine
be
indifferent
.
The
Firkin
of
Ale
holdeth
eight
Gallons
.
Of
Beere
nine
gallons
.
The
Kilderkin
of
Ale
sixteene
gallons
.
Of
Beere
eyghteene
gallons
.
The
Barrell
of
Ale
thirty
two
gallons
.
Of
Beere
thirtie-sixe
.
Of
Wine
but
thirtie
one
and
a
halfe
.
The
Wine
Tierse
holdeth
forty
two
Gallons
.
The
Hogshead
sixtie-three
.
The
Tertian
eyghty-foure
.
The
Pype
or
Malmesie
Butte
,
one
hundred
and
twenty
sixe
.
The
Tun
two
hundred
and
56.
gallons
.
In
the
measure
for
Graine
,
two
Gallons
make
a
pecke
.
Foure
Pecks
,
a
Bushell
or
Strike
.
Foure
Bushels
,
a
Cowmbe
or
Cowme
,
a
Cornock
,
a
Rasor
.
Two
Cowmes
make
a
quarter
.
And
for
the
playner
declaration
of
smaller
measures
,
I
suppose
three
quarters
of
a
pint
to
be
a
pound
in
measure
,
deuided
into
12.
ounces
,
euery
ounce
according
to
the
Goldsmithes
assise
:
which
pounde
containeth
of
pure
Oyle
a
pound
.
&c.
FINIS
.
A.
M.