A
BRIEFE
DESCRIPTION
OF
THE
WHOLE
WORLD
.
THe
globe
of
the
earth
,
doth
eyther
shewe
the
sea
,
or
land
.
The
sea
generall
is
called
by
the
name
of
the
OCEAN
,
which
coasteth
all
the
world
,
and
taketh
his
name
in
speciall
,
eyther
of
the
place
neere
which
it
commeth
:
as
Oceanus
Britannicus
:
Mare
Germanicus
:
Sinus
Persicus
:
Mare
Atlanticum
,
of
the
hill
Atlas
in
the
West-part
of
Africke
:
or
of
the
finder
out
:
as
Fretum
Magelanicum
:
or
of
some
other
accident
,
as
the
Red
sea
,
because
the
sand
is
red
:
Mare
Mediterraneum
:
because
it
runneth
betweene
the
landes
of
Europe
,
and
Afrike
:
Mare
Icarium
,
because
Icarus
was
drowned
there
,
or
the
like
.
There
be
some
few
seas
which
haue
no
entercourse
with
the
OCEAN
,
as
Mare
mortuum
neare
Palestina
:
Mare
Caspium
,
siue
Hircanum
,
not
farre
from
Armenia
,
and
such
a
one
is
said
to
be
in
the
North
part
of
America
.
The
Straites
or
narrow
seas
are
noted
in
the
Latine
,
by
the
name
of
Fretum
:
as
,
Fretum
Britanicum
,
the
English
narrowe
seas
,
Fretum
Herculeum
,
the
straightes
betweene
Barbarie
and
Spaine
,
Fretum
Magellanicum
.
&c.
The
earth
is
either
Ilands
,
which
are
those
that
are
wholy
compassed
by
the
sea
,
as
Britannia
,
Sicilia
,
Corsica
:
or
the
continent
which
is
called
in
the
English
,
the
firme
lande
,
in
the
Latine
Continent
.
The
olde
knowne
firme
land
was
conteined
onely
in
Asia
,
Europe
,
and
Africa
,
Europe
is
deuided
from
Africa
by
the
Mediterran
sea
,
and
from
Asia
by
the
riuer
Tanais
,
whereby
appeareth
that
the
North-partes
of
Asia
,
and
of
Europe
in
olde
time
were
but
little
knowne
,
and
discouered
.
Africa
is
deuided
from
Europe
by
the
Mediterran
sea
,
from
Asia
by
the
riuer
Nilus
:
and
so
Asia
,
by
Tanais
and
Nilus
,
is
seuered
from
Europe
and
Afrike
.
De
Hispania
.
TO
say
nothing
of
England
and
Ireland
,
the
most
westerne
countrie
of
Europe
is
Spaine
:
which
is
bounded
on
the
South
wth
the
Mediterran
sea
,
on
the
West
with
the
Atlantike
,
on
the
North
with
the
Oceanus
Cantabricus
or
the
Spanish
seas
,
on
the
East
,
with
France
,
from
which
it
is
seuered
with
certaine
mountaines
,
called
Montes
Pyrenei
,
or
the
Pyrenei
hills
.
In
this
countrie
heretofore
there
were
many
kingdoms
:
as
the
kingdome
of
Portingale
toward
the
West
,
the
kingdome
of
Granada
toward
the
South
,
the
kingdome
of
Nauarre
and
Aragon
towarde
the
East
,
and
the
kingdome
of
Castile
in
the
middle
of
the
land
:
but
the
whole
dominion
is
now
vnder
the
king
of
Spaine
.
De
Gallia
.
THe
next
countrie
is
France
:
which
is
bounded
on
the
West
with
the
Pyrenei
hills
:
on
the
North
with
the
English
seas
:
on
the
East
with
Germanie
:
on
the
South-east
with
the
Alpe-hilles
:
on
the
South-west
with
the
Mediterran
sea
.
This
was
in
auncient
time
deuided
into
three
partes
:
Aquitania
which
is
toward
the
West
:
Celtica
toward
the
North
,
and
West
:
and
Belgica
which
is
toward
the
North.
Belgica
is
some
times
called
Gallia
inferior
,
and
sometime
Germania
inferior
:
but
we
call
it
commonly
by
the
name
of
the
Lowe
countries
:
the
gouernement
where
of
at
this
day
is
not
at
all
vnder
France
:
but
Gallia
Celtica
and
Aquitania
are
vnder
the
French
king
.
France
hath
many
petie
gouernements
that
doe
border
vpon
it
:
as
the
Duke
of
Sauoie
,
the
State
of
the
Switzers
,
the
Dukedome
of
Loraine
,
the
Burgundians
or
Wallons
:
against
all
which
,
the
King
is
forted
to
keepe
his
frontier
townes
.
There
is
nothing
more
famous
in
this
kingdome
then
the
Salike
lawe
:
whereby
it
is
prouided
;
that
no
woman
.
nor
the
heire
of
her
,
as
in
her
right
,
shall
enioy
the
crowne
of
France
a
but
it
goeth
alwayes
to
the
heire
male
.
The
Switzers
are
a
people
called
in
olde
time
Heluetij
.
who
haue
no
Noblemen
or
Gentlemen
among
them
,
but
onely
the
citizens
of
their
townes
:
the
yearely
officers
whereof
,
and
their
councill
,
doe
gouerne
their
State
.
De
Germania
,
THe
next
countrie
vnto
France
,
on
the
East-side
,
is
Germanie
,
which
is
bounded
on
the
West
with
France
,
and
the
Lowe
countries
:
on
the
North
with
Denmarke
,
and
the
Danish
seas
:
on
the
East
with
Prussia
,
Polonia
,
and
Hungarie
:
on
the
South-east
with
Istris
,
and
Illyricum
:
on
the
South
with
the
Alpe-hilles
&
with
Italy
.
The
gouernour
generall
of
this
countrie
is
balled
the
Emperour
of
Germanie
;
who
is
chosen
by
three
spirituall
princes
,
the
Archbishop
of
Colen
called
Coloniensis
;
the
Archbishop
of
Ments
called
Moguntinus
;
and
the
Archbishop
of
Triers
called
Treuereusis
:
and
three
temporal
princes
;
the
Duke
of
Saxonie
;
the
Marques
of
Brandeburg
;
and
the
Countie
Palantine
of
Rhine
:
which
if
they
cannot
agree
,
as
to
make
a
Maior
parte
in
their
election
:
then
the
king
of
Boheme
hath
also
a
voyce
:
whereof
it
commeth
to
to
be
saide
,
that
there
bee
seuen
Princes
electors
of
the
Empire
.
There
is
not
that
free
libertie
of
choosing
the
Emperour
out
of
any
countrie
,
as
was
heretofore
.
But
the
election
is
tyed
,
within
one
hundred
yeares
vnto
the
house
of
Austria
,
and
at
this
day
of
of
them
,
the
king
of
Bohemia
is
Emperour
,
who
is
called
Rodulphus
.
2.
Bohemia
is
a
kingdome
in
the
middle
of
Germanie
,
which
is
compassed
rounde
with
a
mightie
wood
,
called
Silua
Hirciniae
:
The
chiefe
citie
thereof
is
called
Prage
.
In
Germanie
all
are
at
a
kinde
of
commaundement
of
the
Emperour
:
but
most
of
the
Princes
(
otherwise
)
take
on
them
as
absolute
gouernours
in
their
dominion
.
So
that
they
haue
libertie
of
religion
,
they
make
lawes
,
they
raise
souldiers
,
they
stampe
money
with
their
owne
coyne
▪
as
absolute
princes
.
So
doth
the
Duke
of
Saxonie
,
the
Archbishop
,
and
the
rest
.
There
are
also
free
States
and
cities
;
which
haue
the
same
authoritie
,
as
Argentine
,
Frankford
,
and
other
.
De
Italia
.
ON
the
South-side
of
the
Alpes
(
and
Germanie
lyeth
Italie
,
stretching
it selfe
out
in
length
towarde
the
South
,
and
East
.
It
hath
on
the
South-side
the
Iland
Sicilia
:
on
the
East
,
that
part
of
the
Med.
which
is
called
Mare
Adriaticum
,
or
Mare
superum
;
which
seuereth
Italie
from
Graecia
:
on
the
West
side
,
that
part
of
the
Med.
which
is
called
Mare
Tyrrhenum
,
or
Mare
inferum
:
and
by
some
Mare
Ligusticum
.
This
countrie
for
the
figure
thereof
,
is
by
some
likened
vnto
a
long
leafe
of
a
tree
:
it
hath
in
the
middle
of
it
which
goeth
all
in
length
,
a
mightie
mountaine
,
named
Mons
Aperminus
,
which
is
likened
to
the
Spina
or
ridge-bone
of
the
backe
:
out
of
this
hill
spring
diuers
Riuers
,
which
runne
on
both
sides
of
it
,
into
the
Adriatike
,
and
Tyrrhene
,
or
Tuscane
seas
.
The
North
parte
of
this
Italie
is
that
which
in
auncient
time
was
called
Gallia
Comata
,
or
Gallia
Cisalpina
,
In
this
Italy
,
which
was
heretofore
one
intire
gouernement
in
the
florishing
estate
of
the
Romanes
,
are
now
many
absolute
States
,
and
princedomes
,
by
the
great
policie
of
the
Bishop
of
Rome
:
who
thought
it
the
best
way
to
make
himselfe
great
,
to
weaken
the
Empire
.
So
he
hath
not
onely
driuen
the
Emperour
out
of
all
Italie
into
Germanie
:
but
hath
diminished
his
Maiestie
in
both
:
by
making
so
many
petie
gouernments
,
which
hold
themselues
soueraigne
rulers
,
without
relation
to
any
other
.
As
there
are
many
States
in
Italie
,
so
one
of
the
chiefest
are
the
Venicians
called
Resp.
Venetorum
,
or
the
State
of
Venice
:
because
they
are
not
gouerned
by
any
one
:
but
by
their
Senate
,
&
gentlemen
,
although
they
haue
a
duke
:
with
whose
stampe
their
money
is
coyned
,
and
in
whose
name
all
their
executions
of
iustice
are
done
.
But
this
duke
is
euery
way
limited
by
the
State
.
This
Citie
of
Venice
standeth
in
an
Aestuarium
or
shallow
of
earth
in
the
North-part
of
the
Adriatike
sea
,
so
safely
,
that
it
is
held
inuincible
.
There
is
in
it
but
one
streete
of
firme
land
:
into
the
other
the
sea
doth
flow
at
euerie
tide
.
They
haue
beene
a
great
and
rich
State
;
not
onely
possessing
much
in
Italie
,
as
Padua
their
Vniuersitie
,
and
other
things
which
nowe
they
doe
:
but
a
great
part
of
Illyricum
and
many
rich
Ilands
in
the
Med.
as
Candie
,
called
commonly
Creta
,
Cyprus
,
Zacynthus
,
and
other
.
The
impouerishing
of
their
state
,
hath
partly
beene
by
the
encroching
of
the
Turke
:
but
especially
By
the
decaying
of
that
trafique
which
they
had
to
Alexandria
in
Aegypt
for
their
spices
,
and
other
riches
of
Persia
.
Arabia
,
and
the
East
Indies
.
Since
the
course
of
the
Portugals
,
to
those
Easterne
countries
hath
beene
by
sea
,
by
the
backeside
of
Africa
.
Here
standeth
the
Citle
of
Florence
,
a
renowmed
Citie
of
Lombardie
,
which
is
gouerned
by
a
Duke
,
an
absolute
Prince
.
This
Dukedome
is
in
the
familie
of
the
Medices
,
from
whom
came
Katherine
de
Medices
,
the
wife
of
Henrie
the
2.
King
of
France
lately
so
well
knowne
by
the
name
of
Queene
mother
.
In
this
Lombardie
standeth
also
the
Dukedome
of
Millaine
,
a
most
rich
and
pleasant
thing
,
which
sometime
had
beene
gouerned
by
a
Duke
of
their
owne
:
but
of
late
hath
beene
possessed
by
the
Spaniard
,
and
sometime
by
the
French
,
and
is
now
in
the
gouernment
and
possession
of
the
king
of
Spaine
.
A
good
part
of
Italie
is
vnder
the
Bishop
of
Rome
,
which
commonly
is
called
the
land
of
the
Church
:
where
the
Pope
is
a
Prince
absolute
:
not
onely
spirituall
,
as
else-where
hee
claimeth
:
but
also
temporall
:
making
lawes
,
requiring
tribute
,
raising
souldiers
,
and
executing
iustice
as
a
Monarche
.
In
the
South
part
of
Italie
lieth
the
kingdome
of
Naples
,
which
is
a
countrie
very
rich
,
and
full
of
all
kind
of
pleasure
,
aboundant
in
Nobilitie
;
whereof
commeth
to
bee
said
that
prouerbe
:
Naples
for
Nobilitie
,
Rome
for
religion
,
Millaine
for
beautie
,
Florence
for
policie
,
and
Venice
for
riches
.
This
was
heretofore
ruled
by
a
king
〈◊〉
●●●●r
owne
,
till
the
time
of
Ioane
Queene
of
Naples
,
who
●y
deede
of
gift
,
did
first
graunt
that
kingdome
to
the
Kings
of
Aragon
in
Spaine
:
and
afterward
by
will
(
with
a
reuocation
of
the
former
graunt
,
)
did
bequeath
it
to
the
house
of
Anioy
in
France
.
Since
which
time
the
kingdome
of
Naples
hath
sometimes
beene
in
the
hand
of
the
Spaniard
,
sometimes
possessed
by
the
French
,
and
is
now
vnder
the
King
of
Spaine
:
vnto
this
is
annexed
also
the
Dukedome
of
Calabria
.
There
be
moreouer
in
Italie
many
other
Prince-domes
and
States
;
as
the
Dukedome
of
Ferrara
;
the
Dukedome
of
Mantua
;
the
Dukedome
of
Vrbine
;
the
Dukedome
of
Parma
,
&
Placentia
:
the
State
of
Luca
:
the
State
of
Genua
,
commonly
called
the
Genowaies
,
which
are
gouerned
by
their
Senate
:
but
haue
a
Duke
as
they
haue
at
Venice
.
There
bee
also
some
other
,
by
which
meanes
,
the
glory
and
strength
of
Italy
is
decayed
.
De
Dania
,
Suecia
,
&
Noruegia
.
AS
Italie
lieth
on
the
Southside
of
Germanie
,
so
Denmarke
lieth
on
the
North
,
into
the
middle
of
which
land
the
sea
breaketh
in
by
a
place
called
the
Sound
.
The
Imposte
of
which
passage
bringeth
great
riches
,
as
an
ordinarie
tribute
to
the
King
of
Denmarke
:
this
is
a
kingdome
,
and
ruled
by
an
absolute
gouernour
.
On
the
North
and
East
side
of
Denmarke
lieth
Suecia
,
commonly
called
Sweden
or
Swethen
:
which
is
also
a
kingdome
of
it selfe
.
Where
the
King
professeth
himselfe
to
bee
Rex
Suecorum
,
Gothorum
,
&
Vandalorum
.
Wherby
we
may
know
that
the
Gothes
and
Vandales
which
in
times
past
did
waste
Italie
,
and
other
Nations
of
Christendome
,
did
come
out
of
this
country
.
On
the
Northside
and
West
of
Sweden
lieth
Noruegia
or
Norway
,
which
is
at
this
day
vnder
the
gouernement
of
the
King
of
Denmarke
,
although
heretofore
it
hath
beene
a
free
kingdome
of
it selfe
.
Within
the
Sounde
,
on
the
East
part
of
the
sea
,
lieth
Dantzicke
:
where
are
three
townes
of
Hanse-men
,
confederates
,
and
allies
vnto
the
King
of
Denmarke
.
There
is
no
great
thing
to
be
noted
in
these
countries
:
but
that
from
Denmarke
commeth
much
come
to
the
supply
of
other
parts
of
Christendome
:
and
that
from
all
these
countries
is
brought
great
furniture
for
warre
,
or
for
shipping
.
As
masts
,
cables
,
steele
,
sadles
,
armour
,
gunpowder
,
&
the
like
.
And
that
in
the
seas
adioyning
to
these
parts
,
there
are
fishes
of
much
more
monstrous
shape
,
then
else-where
are
to
be
found
:
The
people
of
these
countries
are
by
their
profession
,
Lutherans
for
religion
.
De
Russia
,
siue
Moscouia
.
ON
the
East
side
of
Sweden
beginneth
the
dominion
of
the
Emperour
of
Russia
(
although
Russia
,
or
Moscouia
it self
doth
lie
some
what
more
into
the
East
)
which
is
a
great
and
mightie
Monarchie
,
extending
it selfe
euen
from
Lapland
,
and
Finmarke
,
many
a
thousand
mile
in
length
vnto
the
Caspian
sea
:
so
that
it
containeth
in
it
a
great
part
of
Europe
,
and
much
of
Asia
also
.
The
gouernour
there
calleth
himselfe
Emperour
of
Russia
,
great
Duke
of
Mosconia
,
with
many
other
titles
of
Princedomes
,
and
Cities
,
whose
dominion
was
very
much
enlarged
by
the
Emperour
not
long
since
dead
:
whome
in
Russie
they
call
I●an
VasilIwich
,
in
the
Latine
Iohannes
Basilides
:
who
raigning
long
,
and
being
fortunate
in
warre
,
did
very
much
enlarge
this
mightie
dominion
.
The
people
of
this
countrie
are
rude
,
and
vnlearned
,
very
superstitious
,
a
kinde
of
Christians
:
but
rather
following
the
Greeke
Church
.
Their
buildings
is
most
of
wood
,
euen
in
their
chiefe
Citie
of
Mosco
:
insomuch
,
that
the
Tartars
wholy
in
the
North-east
of
them
breaking
oft
into
their
countries
,
euen
vnto
the
very
Citie
of
Mosco
,
doe
set
fire
on
their
Cities
,
which
by
reason
of
their
woodden
buildings
,
are
quickly
destroyed
.
The
passage
by
sea
into
this
countrie
(
which
was
wont
to
be
through
the
Sound
,
and
so
afterward
by
land
)
was
first
discouered
by
the
English
:
who
with
great
danger
of
the
frozen
seas
,
did
first
aduenture
to
saile
so
far
North
,
as
to
compasse
Lapland
,
Finmarke
,
Scrikfinia
,
and
Biarmia
:
and
so
passing
to
the
East
by
Noua
Zimbla
,
halfe
the
way
almost
to
Cathaio
,
haue
entred
the
riuer
called
Duina
:
by
which
they
disperse
themselues
for
marchandize
both
by
water
&
land
,
into
the
most
parts
of
the
dominion
of
the
Emperour
.
This
Empire
is
at
this
day
one
of
the
greatest
dominions
in
the
world
:
both
for
compasse
of
grounde
,
and
for
multitude
of
men
:
sauing
that
it
lyeth
far
North
,
and
so
yeeldeth
not
pleasure
or
good
trafique
,
with
many
other
of
the
best
nations
.
De
Prusia
,
&
Polonia
.
IN
Europe
,
on
the
East
and
North
corner
of
Germany
lyeth
a
countrie
called
Prussia
,
in
Latine
most
times
Borussia
,
in
English
Pruthen
,
or
Sprusa
:
of
whome
,
little
is
famous
,
sauing
that
they
be
gouerned
by
one
,
in
a
kinde
of
order
of
religion
,
whome
they
call
the
Grand-master
:
and
that
they
are
a
meanes
to
keepe
the
Moscouite
&
the
Turke
from
some
other
partes
of
Christendome
.
On
the
East-side
of
Germanie
,
betweene
Russia
&
Germanie
,
lyeth
Polonia
,
or
Poland
,
which
is
a
kingdome
differing
from
other
of
Europe
:
because
the
king
there
is
chosen
by
election
by
some
of
the
Princes
neare
adioyning
,
as
was
lately
Henry
the
third
,
King
of
France
.
These
elections
oftentimes
doe
make
great
factions
there
;
so
that
intaking
partes
,
they
grow
often
there
into
ciuill
warre
.
The
king
of
Polonia
is
almost
continually
in
warre
,
either
with
the
Moscouite
,
who
lyeth
in
the
East
and
North-east
of
him
;
or
with
the
Turke
,
who
lyeth
on
the
South
and
South-east
;
and
sometimes
also
with
the
Princes
of
Germanie
;
whereupon
the
Poles
doe
commonly
desire
to
chuse
warriors
to
their
King
.
In
this
countrie
are
none
but
Christians
;
but
so
,
that
libertie
of
all
religions
is
permitted
,
insomuch
,
that
there
be
Papists
,
Colleges
of
Iesuites
,
both
of
Lutherans
,
and
Caluinistes
opinions
,
Anabaptists
,
Artians
,
and
diuers
others
.
This
is
that
countrie
,
which
in
times
past
was
called
Sarmatia
,
the
chiefe
citie
whereof
is
named
Cracouia
.
De
Hungaria
,
&
Austria
.
ON
the
South-side
of
Germanie
lyeth
Hungarie
,
called
in
the
Latine
Pannonia
;
which
haue
bene
heretofore
deuided
into
Pannonia
superior
,
and
Pannonia
inferiore
it
is
an
absolute
kingdome
,
and
hath
heretofore
bene
ritch
and
populous
.
The
Christians
that
doe
liue
there
,
haue
among
them
diuers
sortes
of
religions
,
as
in
Poland
.
The
kingdome
hath
bene
a
great
obstacle
against
the
Tuckes
comming
into
Christendome
:
but
especially
in
the
time
of
Iohannes
Huniades
,
who
did
mightily
with
many
great
victories
repulse
the
Turke
.
Here
standeth
Buda
,
which
was
heretofore
a
great
fortresse
of
Christendome
.
But
the
glory
of
this
kingdome
is
almost
vtterly
decayed
,
by
reason
that
the
Turke
,
who
partly
by
policle
and
partly
by
force
,
doth
now
possesse
the
greatest
parte
of
it
.
So
that
the
people
are
fled
from
thence
,
and
the
Christians
which
remaine
there
are
in
miserable
seruitude
:
Notwithstanding
,
some
part
of
Pannonia
superior
doth
yet
belong
to
Christendome
.
That
corner
of
Germanie
which
lieth
neerest
to
Hungarie
is
called
Austria
,
which
is
an
Archdukedome
.
From
which
house
are
come
many
of
the
Princes
of
Germany
,
and
of
other
parts
of
Europe
:
so
that
the
Crowne
imperiall
of
Germanie
is
now
tied
to
some
one
of
this
house
.
In
this
countrie
standeth
Vienna
that
noble
citie
,
which
is
now
the
principall
bulwarke
of
all
Christendome
against
the
Turke
:
from
whence
Soliman
was
repelled
by
Ferdinandus
King
of
Hungarie
,
in
the
time
of
the
Emperour
Charles
the
fift
.
It
was
in
this
country
,
that
Richard
the
first
,
king
of
England
,
in
his
returne
from
the
holy
land
,
was
taken
prisoner
by
the
Archduke
of
Austria
,
and
so
put
to
a
grieuous
raunsome
.
The
Archduke
that
now
is
,
by
the
King
of
Spaine
,
is
appointed
in
the
place
of
the
Duke
of
Parma
,
as
gouernour
of
the
low
countries
.
Through
both
Austria
and
Hungarie
doth
runne
the
mightie
riuer
Danubius
,
as
through
Germanie
doth
runne
the
Rhene
,
whereon
groweth
Vinum
Rhen●●um
,
commonly
called
Rhenish
wine
.
De
Graecia
.
ON
the
South-side
of
Hungarie
,
and
South-east
,
lyeth
a
countrie
of
Europe
called
in
old
time
Dacia
,
which
is
large
and
wide
,
comprehending
in
it
Transyluania
,
Valachia
,
Moldauia
,
and
Seruia
.
Of
which
little
is
famous
,
saue
that
the
men
are
warlike
,
and
can
hardly
be
brought
to
obedience
,
They
haue
lately
bin
vnder
the
King
of
Hungarie
.
The
riuer
Danubius
doth
diuide
this
Dacia
from
Mysia
,
commonly
called
Bulgaria
,
which
lieth
on
the
South
from
Danubius
,
and
is
seuered
from
Graecia
by
the
mountaine
Hamus
.
From
Hamus
towards
the
South
lieth
Graecia
,
bounded
on
the
West
by
the
Adriatike
sea
:
on
the
East
,
by
the
Thracian
s●●
,
and
Mare
Aegeum
:
on
the
South
,
by
the
maine
Mediteran
sea
.
This
contained
in
old
time
foure
speciall
parts
:
Peloponnesus
,
Achaia
Macedonia
,
and
Epirus
.
Peloponnesus
,
which
is
now
called
Morea
,
is
the
South
part
of
Graecia
,
being
Paeninsula
,
or
almost
an
Iland
:
for
that
it
is
ioyned
by
a
litle
straight
called
Isthmos
,
vnto
the
rest
of
Gracia
.
Herein
stood
Sparta
,
and
the
auncient
state
of
Lacedaemon
.
On
the
Isthmos
or
straight
,
stood
the
famous
citie
of
Corinth
,
which
was
in
old
time
called
the
key
of
Greece
.
On
the
West
side
of
Graecia
,
next
to
Peloponnesus
,
stood
the
kingdom
of
Macedonia
:
so
famous
vnder
Philip
for
conquering
al
Graecia
:
and
vnder
Alexander
,
for
vanquishing
almost
al
the
Easterne
world
:
and
for
taking
of
the
Monarchy
from
the
Persians
:
and
remouing
it
to
the
Macedonians
.
On
the
North-side
of
Macedonia
being
the
North-west
from
Graecia
stood
the
little
kingdome
of
Epirus
:
where
raigned
Scanderbeg
,
which
was
in
his
time
so
great
a
scourge
to
the
Turke
.
The
rest
of
Graecia
was
called
Achaia
,
hauing
on
the
North
and
East
part
thereof
Thracia
,
on
the
North
Haemus
the
hill
on
the
West
Macedonia
and
Epirus
,
on
the
South
Peloponnesus
,
on
the
East
those
seas
which
diuide
Asia
the
lesse
from
Graecia
.
In
this
part
stood
Thessalonica
,
to
the
which
S.
Paule
wrote
his
Epistle
;
and
Athens
,
and
Thebes
,
and
all
the
Cities
of
Boetia
,
and
the
Cities
of
the
Achai
,
Argos
,
Elis
,
and
many
other
.
Macedonia
is
by
the
best
Writers
and
by
auncient
description
rather
sound
to
stand
on
the
North-side
of
Achaia
,
neere
to
the
hill
Hamus
,
and
to
Thracia
,
though
some
in
ignorance
haue
taught
the
contrarie
.
In
this
countrie
of
Graecia
were
in
auncient
time
manie
Kingdoms
and
States
,
as
at
this
day
there
are
in
Italie
:
as
the
Macedonians
,
the
kingdome
of
Epyrus
,
the
State
of
Athens
,
the
gouernment
of
Sparta
,
the
citie
of
Thebes
,
and
very
many
other
places
:
in
so
much
that
almost
euery
towne
had
a
peculiar
gouernment
.
But
now
it
is
all
vnder
one
Monarchy
.
From
Graecia
,
in
olde
time
,
did
almost
all
famous
things
come
.
These
were
they
that
made
the
warre
against
Troy
;
that
resisted
Xerxes
the
mightie
king
of
Persia
;
that
had
the
famous
Law-makers
;
as
Solon
in
Athens
,
and
Licurgus
in
Lacedaemon
;
that
tooke
away
the
Monarchie
from
the
Persians
;
that
brought
forth
the
famous
Captaines
,
as
Themistocles
,
Miltiades
,
Alexander
,
and
many
other
that
were
the
authours
of
ciuilitie
vnto
the
Westerne
nations
,
and
to
some
in
the
East
;
as
Asia
the
lesse
,
that
gaue
to
Italie
and
to
the
Romanes
the
first
light
of
learning
:
because
from
them
arose
the
first
Poets
,
as
Homer
,
Hesiodus
,
Sophocles
,
and
diuerse
other
;
the
great
Philosophers
,
namely
,
Socrates
,
Plato
,
Aristotle
,
and
all
the
Sects
of
the
Academicks
,
Stoicks
,
Peripateticks
,
Epicureans
,
and
almost
all
their
schollers
;
the
great
Oratours
,
Demosthenes
,
and
Eschines
,
and
in
one
worde
(
the
Mathematiks
excepted
,
which
came
rather
from
the
Caldeans
,
and
the
Egyptians
)
the
whole
flower
of
Artes
and
good
learning
.
On
the
North
east
part
of
Graecia
standeth
Thracia
,
which
though
heretofore
it
hath
beene
distinguished
,
yet
now
it
is
accounted
as
the
chiefe
part
of
Greece
.
Heere
on
the
edge
of
the
sea-coast
,
verie
neete
vnto
Asia
,
standeth
the
citie
called
Bizantium
:
but
since
Constantinople
;
because
Constantine
the
great
did
new
build
it
,
and
made
it
an
imperiall
citie
.
This
was
the
chiefe
residence
of
the
Emperour
of
Graecia
,
sometimes
called
new
Rome
,
and
the
glorie
of
the
East
;
where
the
generell
Councell
was
once
assembled
:
and
one
of
the
seas
of
the
Patriarkes
:
who
was
called
the
Patriarke
of
Constantinople
.
But
by
the
great
discord
of
the
Christians
,
all
Graecia
,
and
this
City
is
fallen
into
the
hands
of
the
Turke
:
who
nowe
maketh
it
his
place
of
imperiall
abode
.
It
was
wonne
in
the
time
of
Constantine
the
last
Emperour
:
so
that
by
Constantine
it
obtained
his
honour
,
and
by
Constantine
it
lost
it
.
In
this
citie
lieth
resident
with
the
Turke
an
Embassador
or
Agent
for
the
Queene
of
England
.
The
Christians
that
doe
liue
now
in
Gracia
are
in
miserable
seruitude
vnto
the
Turke
.
They
disagree
in
many
things
from
the
doctrine
of
the
Church
of
Rome
.
De
Mari
Europam
&
Asiam
interiacente
.
IT
is
saide
before
,
that
on
the
North-part
betweene
Asia
and
Europe
the
riuer
Tanais
doth
runne
as
a
bounde
of
them
both
.
This
riuer
runneth
into
a
Lake
called
Maeotis
palus
,
which
bordereth
on
the
confines
of
Scythia
,
or
Tartaria
.
This
Maeotis
doth
disburden
it selfe
into
a
wide
sea
called
Pontus
Euxinus
.
At
the
mouth
of
this
sea
,
is
a
verie
great
straight
,
knowne
by
the
name
of
Thracius
Bosphorus
,
where
the
breadth
of
the
sea
is
not
aboue
one
mile
,
seuering
Asia
and
Europe
.
On
the
side
of
Europe
standeth
Constantinople
:
on
the
side
of
Asia
,
a
Citie
called
Pera
,
which
for
the
nearenesse
,
is
by
some
reckoned
a
part
of
Constantinople
.
After
this
straight
,
the
sea
openeth
it selfe
more
large
towarde
the
South
:
and
is
called
by
the
name
of
Propontus
.
But
then
it
gooweth
again
into
another
straight
,
which
they
write
to
bee
in
bredth
about
two
miles
.
This
is
called
Hellespontus
,
hauing
on
the
one
side
Abidus
in
Asia
,
and
on
the
other
side
Cestus
,
on
the
side
of
Europe
.
This
is
that
place
,
where
Xerxes
the
great
King
of
Persia
did
make
his
bridge
ouer
the
sea
:
so
much
renowmed
in
auncient
hystories
,
which
was
not
impossible
,
by
reason
of
the
narrownesse
:
the
foundation
of
his
bridge
being
rested
on
ships
.
Here
also
may
appeare
the
reason
of
that
storie
of
Leander
and
Hero
:
which
Leander
,
is
reported
for
the
loue
of
her
,
to
haue
oftentimes
swoom
ouer
the
sea
,
till
at
last
he
was
drowned
.
From
this
strait
Southward
,
the
sea
groweth
more
wide
,
and
is
called
afterwardes
by
the
name
of
Mare
aege●●●
,
and
so
discendeth
vnto
the
full
Mediterran
.
De
Asia
,
&
primo
de
Tartaria
.
ON
the
North-side
of
Asia
,
ioyning
vnto
the
dominion
of
the
Emperour
of
Russia
:
is
Tartaria
,
in
auntient
time
called
Scythia
:
the
bounds
whereof
did
then
extend
themselues
into
a
good
parte
of
Europe
,
and
thereof
was
called
Scythia
Europhaea
;
but
the
greatest
parte
of
it
lyeth
in
Asia
;
A
mightie
large
countrie
,
extending
it selfe
from
the
North
to
the
vttermost
sea
.
On
the
East
,
to
the
dominion
of
the
great
Cham
,
or
Prince
of
Cathaio
,
on
the
South
,
downe
to
the
Mare
Caspi●m
.
The
Tartarians
which
nowe
inhabite
it
,
are
men
of
great
stature
,
rude
of
behauiour
,
no
Christians
,
but
Gentiles
:
neither
doe
they
acknowledge
Mahomet
.
They
haue
sewe
or
no
Cities
among
them
:
but
after
the
manner
of
the
olde
Seythians
,
doe
liue
in
wildernesses
:
lying
vnder
their
cartes
,
and
following
their
droaues
of
cattell
,
by
the
milke
whereof
they
doe
nourish
themselues
.
They
sowe
no
come
at
all
,
because
they
abide
not
long
in
any
one
place
:
but
taking
their
direction
from
the
North-pole-starre
,
they
remooue
from
one
coast
of
their
countrie
vnto
an
other
.
The
countrie
is
populous
:
and
the
men
are
great
warriors
:
sighting
alwayes
on
horsebacke
with
their
bowe
and
arrowes
,
and
a
short
sworde
.
They
haue
among
them
infinite
store
of
horses
:
whereof
they
sell
many
vnto
the
countries
adioyning
.
Their
ordinarie
foode
in
their
warres
,
is
horseflesh
,
which
they
vse
to
eate
rawe
,
being
chased
a
little
by
hanging
at
their
saddle
.
They
haue
great
warres
with
the
countries
adioyning
:
but
especially
with
the
Moscouite
,
and
sometimes
with
the
Turke
.
From
hence
came
Tamberlano
,
who
brought
seuen
hundreth
thousands
of
the
Tartarians
at
once
into
the
fielde
:
wherein
he
distressed
and
tooke
prisoner
,
Baiazet
the
great
Turke
;
whome
he
afterwardes
forced
to
feede
as
a
dogge
vnder
his
table
.
They
haue
now
among
them
,
many
princes
and
gouernours
,
as
those
haue
one
,
whome
they
call
the
Crim
Tartars
:
and
those
haue
another
,
which
are
the
Tartars
of
Nagaia
,
and
so
diuers
other
.
The
English
haue
laboured
to
their
great
expences
,
to
finde
out
the
way
by
the
North
Seas
of
Tartaria
,
to
goe
into
Cathaio
and
China
.
But
by
reason
of
the
frozen
seas
,
they
haue
not
yet
preuailed
.
Although
it
be
now
reported
,
that
the
Flemmings
haue
discouered
that
passage
:
which
is
like
to
be
to
the
great
benefite
of
the
Northeme
partes
of
Christendome
.
De
Cathaio
,
&
China
.
NExt
beyond
Tartaria
on
the
North-east
parte
of
Asia
,
lyeth
a
great
countrye
called
Kathaie
,
or
Kathaia
:
the
boundes
whereof
extend
themselues
on
the
North
,
and
East
,
to
the
vttermost
seas
,
and
on
the
South
to
China
.
The
people
are
not
much
learned
,
but
more
ciuill
then
the
Tartars
,
and
haue
good
and
ordinarie
trafique
with
the
countries
adioyning
.
This
countrie
hath
in
it
many
Kings
,
which
are
tributaries
,
and
doe
owe
obedience
vnto
one
,
whome
they
call
the
great
Cham
or
Cane
of
Kathaia
:
who
is
the
chiefe
gouernour
of
all
the
land
:
and
esteemed
for
multitude
of
people
,
and
largenesse
of
Dominion
,
to
be
one
of
the
great
Princes
of
the
world
:
but
his
name
is
the
lesse
famous
:
for
that
he
lyeth
so
farre
distant
from
the
best
nations
:
and
the
passage
vnto
his
countrie
is
so
daungerous
,
eyther
for
the
perils
of
the
seas
,
or
for
the
long
space
by
land
:
his
chiefe
imperiall
Citie
is
called
Cambalu
.
On
the
South-side
of
Kathaie
,
and
East
parte
of
Asia
next
to
the
sea
,
lyeth
China
.
The
people
whereof
,
Osorius
describeth
by
the
name
of
Sine
:
and
calleth
their
countrie
Sinarunt
regio
.
This
is
a
fruitfull
countrie
and
yeeldeth
great
store
of
ritch
commodities
as
almost
any
countrye
in
the
worlde
.
It
containeth
in
it
very
many
seuerall
kingdomes
,
which
are
absolute
Princes
in
their
States
.
The
chiefe
cittie
in
this
countrie
is
called
Quinsay
,
and
is
described
to
be
of
incredible
greatnesse
,
Such
a
citie
as
were
wont
to
bee
in
anntient
time
in
the
East
:
as
Babylon
,
Nilus
,
and
other
.
This
countrie
was
first
discouered
by
the
late
nauigation
of
the
Portugals
into
the
East
Indies
.
The
people
of
China
are
learned
almost
in
all
Artes
,
very
skilfull
workemen
in
curious
fine
workes
of
all
sortes
:
so
that
no
countrie
yeeldeth
more
precious
marchandize
then
the
workemanship
of
them
.
They
are
great
souldiers
,
very
politique
and
craftie
,
and
in
respecte
thereof
,
contemning
the
wits
of
other
vsing
a
Prouerbe
,
that
all
Nations
doe
see
but
with
one
eye
:
but
that
themselues
haue
two
.
Petrus
Mathaeus
historiographer
to
the
King
of
Spaine
for
the
Easterne
Indies
,
doth
reporte
of
them
:
that
they
haue
had
from
very
auntient
time
among
them
:
these
two
things
,
which
we
holde
to
be
the
miracles
of
Christendome
,
and
but
lately
inuented
.
The
one
is
the
vse
of
guns
for
their
warres
,
&
the
other
is
printing
:
which
they
vse
not
as
we
do
,
writing
from
the
left
hand
vnto
the
right
:
or
as
the
Hebrewes
,
and
Sirians
;
from
the
right
hand
vnto
the
left
:
but
downeward
directly
:
&
so
their
lines
at
the
top
to
begin
againe
.
De
India
orientali
.
ON
the
South-side
of
China
,
toward
the
Molucco
Ilands
,
and
the
Indian
sea
,
lyeth
the
great
countrie
of
India
:
extending
it selfe
from
the
South-east
part
of
the
continent
,
by
the
space
of
many
thousand
miles
west-ward
vnto
the
riuer
Indus
,
which
is
the
greatest
riuer
in
all
that
countrie
,
except
Ganges
,
one
of
the
greatest
riuers
in
the
world
,
which
lyeth
in
the
East-part
of
the
same
Indies
.
This
is
that
countrie
,
so
famous
in
ancient
time
for
the
great
riches
therof
,
for
the
multitude
of
people
,
for
the
conquest
of
Bacchus
ouer
it
,
for
the
passage
thither
of
Alexander
the
great
through
all
the
length
of
Asia
:
for
his
aduenturing
to
goe
into
the
South
Ocean
with
so
mightie
a
Nauie
,
which
fewe
or
none
had
euer
attempted
before
him
.
This
countrie
had
in
auncient
time
,
many
absolute
kingdomes
and
princes
;
as
in
the
time
of
Alexander
,
Porus
,
Taxiles
,
and
diuers
others
.
In
it
were
many
Phylosophers
,
and
men
of
great
learning
:
whome
they
called
Gymnesophistae
,
of
whome
was
Calanus
,
who
burnt
himselfe
afore
Alexander
.
The
men
of
the
South-parte
of
India
are
blacke
,
and
therefore
are
called
men
of
Inde
.
The
cattle
of
all
sortes
that
are
bred
there
,
are
of
incredible
bignes
,
in
respect
of
other
countries
:
as
their
Elephants
,
Apes
,
Munkies
,
and
such
like
.
The
riches
hereof
hath
bene
very
great
with
aboundance
of
golde
:
insomuch
,
that
the
Promontorie
,
which
is
now
called
Malach●
,
was
in
times
past
named
Aurea
Chersonesus
.
The
commoditie
of
spice
is
exceeding
great
that
commeth
from
thence
.
The
Portingales
were
the
first
,
which
by
their
long
nauigations
beyond
the
Equinoctial
,
and
the
farthermost
parte
of
Africa
,
haue
of
late
yeares
discouered
these
countries
of
India
.
As
heretofore
of
the
King
of
Portingale
:
so
now
of
the
King
of
Spaine
,
who
is
reputed
owner
of
them
.
The
Portingales
did
finde
diuers
small
kingdomes
at
their
first
arriuall
in
those
partes
,
as
the
king
of
Calicut
,
from
whence
commeth
our
Calicut
linnen
:
the
king
of
Cambaia
,
the
king
of
Cananor
,
the
king
of
Cochin
,
and
v●ry
many
other
;
with
whome
,
they
first
entring
league
for
trafique
,
and
hauing
leaue
giuen
to
build
Castles
for
their
defence
,
they
haue
since
by
policie
,
encroched
into
their
handes
a
great
parte
of
the
countrie
which
lyeth
neare
vnto
the
sea-coast
,
and
are
mightie
now
,
for
the
space
of
many
thousand
miles
together
.
The
king
of
Spaine
hath
there
a
vice-roy
;
whose
residence
,
is
commonly
in
the
Imperiall
citie
called
Goa
.
They
doe
euery
yeare
send
home
great
store
of
riche
commodities
into
Spaine
.
The
people
of
the
countrie
when
the
Portingales
came
first
thither
,
were
for
the
most
part
Gentiles
:
beleeuing
no
one
God
.
But
the
Saracens
,
who
reuerence
the
Prophet
Mahomet
,
from
the
baies
,
or
gulfes
of
Persia
,
and
Arabia
,
did
trafique
much
thither
:
so
that
Mahomet
was
known
among
them
.
But
in
one
towne
called
Crangarior
,
they
founde
diuers
Christians
,
diffenting
in
many
things
from
the
Church
of
Rome
,
and
rather
agreeing
with
the
Protestants
:
which
Christians
had
reteined
by
successe
their
religion
,
from
the
time
of
Thomas
the
Apostle
:
by
whom
it
is
recorded
by
the
auncient
Ecclesiastical
historie
,
part
of
India
was
conuerted
De
Persia
.
THere
be
diuers
countries
betweene
India
and
Persia
:
but
they
are
not
famous
.
Persia
is
a
large
countrie
,
which
lieth
farre
West
from
India
,
it
hath
on
the
North
Assyria
,
and
Media
:
on
the
West
,
Syria
,
and
the
Holyland
:
but
next
vnto
it
Mesopotamie
:
on
the
South
,
the
maine
Ocean
,
which
entereth
in
notwithstanding
,
by
a
bay
called
Sinus
Persicus
.
This
is
that
countrie
,
which
in
auncient
time
was
so
renowmed
for
the
great
riches
and
Empire
thereof
.
These
were
they
,
who
took
from
the
Assyrians
the
Monarchies
and
did
set
vp
in
their
countrie
,
the
second
great
Empire
:
which
beganne
vnder
Cyrus
:
and
continued
vnto
Darius
:
who
was
ouerthrowne
by
Alexander
the
great
.
In
this
Countrie
raigned
the
great
Kings
:
Cyrus
,
Canibises
,
Darius
the
sonne
of
Histaspes
,
the
great
Xerxes
,
Artaxerxes
,
and
many
other
:
which
in
prophane
writinges
are
famous
for
their
warres
against
the
Scythians
,
Aegyptians
,
and
Graecians
,
and
in
the
Scripture
,
for
the
deliuerie
of
the
Iewes
from
Babylon
by
Cyrus
;
for
building
of
the
second
Temple
at
Ierusalem
:
and
for
manie
things
which
are
mencioned
of
them
in
the
Prophecie
of
Daniel
.
The
people
of
this
nation
,
although
they
were
in
former
times
very
riotous
,
by
reason
of
their
great
wealth
:
yet
after
that
they
lost
their
Monarchy
by
the
Macedonians
,
they
haue
growne
great
souldiers
:
and
therefore
as
they
euer
did
strongly
defend
themselues
against
the
Romanes
:
so
in
the
time
of
Constantine
,
and
the
other
Emperours
:
they
were
fearfull
neighbours
to
the
Romane
gouernment
.
And
of
late
time
,
they
haue
strongly
opposed
then
selues
agaynst
the
Turkes
,
euer
making
their
partie
good
with
them
.
They
fight
commonlie
on
horse-back
&
are
gouerned
as
in
times
past
,
by
a
King
:
so
nowe
,
by
an
absolute
ruler
and
mightie
Prince
:
whom
they
tearme
the
Shawe
,
or
Sophie
of
Persia
.
He
hath
many
countries
,
and
small
Kings
in
Assyria
,
and
Media
,
and
the
countries
adioyning
tributaries
.
The
Persians
are
all
at
this
day
Sarazens
in
religion
,
beleeuing
on
Mahomet
:
but
as
Papists
and
protestants
do
diffor
in
opinion
concerning
the
same
Christ
so
do
the
Turkes
and
Persians
about
their
Mahomet
:
the
one
pursuing
the
other
as
heretikes
with
most
deadly
hatred
.
In
so
much
,
that
there
be
in
this
respect
almost
continuall
warres
betweene
the
Turkes
,
and
the
Persians
.
De
Parthia
,
&
Media
.
ON
the
North-east
,
side
of
Persia
,
lieth
that
countrie
,
which
in
old
time
was
called
Paerthia
,
but
now
named
Arach
,
of
whose
great
warres
with
the
Medians
,
or
Armenians
,
or
Romanes
,
in
Tacitus
,
and
ancient
histories
are
true
.
The
countrie
boundeth
on
Media
by
the
West
,
which
was
in
auncient
time
very
full
of
people
,
whose
fight
as
it
is
very
much
on
hors-backe
,
so
the
maner
of
them
continually
was
for
to
giue
an
onset
,
and
then
to
runne
their
wayes
:
but
to
returne
againe
like
to
the
wilde
Irish
,
so
that
no
man
was
sure
when
he
had
obtained
any
victorie
ouer
them
.
These
were
the
people
that
gaue
the
great
ouerthrow
to
that
rich
Marcus
Crassus
of
Rome
,
who
by
reason
his
couetousnesse
,
intending
more
to
his
getting
of
gold
,
then
to
the
guiding
of
his
armie
,
was
slaine
himselfe
,
&
many
thousands
of
the
Romanos
.
The
Parthians
with
exprobration
of
his
thirst
after
mony
,
powring
molten
gold
into
his
mouth
after
he
was
dead
.
Against
these
,
the
great
Lucullus
fought
many
battailes
:
but
the
Romanes
were
neuer
able
to
bring
them
quite
in
subiection
.
On
the
West-side
of
Parthia
(
the
Mare
Caspium
being
on
the
North.
Armenia
on
the
West
,
and
Persia
on
the
South
)
Here
lieth
that
country
which
in
times
past
was
called
Media
,
but
now
Shiruan
,
or
Seruan
:
which
is
at
this
day
gouerned
by
many
inferiour
Kings
and
Princes
which
are
tributaries
,
and
do
owe
subiection
to
the
Sophy
of
Persia
.
So
that
he
is
the
soueraigne
Lord
of
all
Media
,
as
our
English
men
haue
founde
:
who
passing
through
the
dominion
of
the
Emperour
of
Russia
,
haue
crossed
the
Mare
Caspium
,
and
m●rchandised
with
the
inhabitants
of
this
Media
.
This
Nation
in
former
time
was
verie
famous
:
for
the
Medes
were
they
that
remoued
the
Empire
from
the
Assirians
,
vnto
them
:
which
as
in
themselues
it
was
nor
great
.
So
when
by
Cyrus
it
was
loyned
by
the
Persians
,
it
was
verie
mightie
,
and
called
by
the
name
of
the
Empire
of
the
Medes
and
Persians
.
Here
it
was
that
Afryages
reigned
,
the
grandfather
of
Cyrus
,
and
Darius
of
the
Medes
:
the
chiefe
citie
of
this
kingdome
,
was
called
Ecbatana
,
as
the
chiefe
citie
of
Persia
,
is
Babylon
.
De
Armenia
&
Assyria
.
ON
the
West
side
of
the
Mare
Caspium
,
and
of
Media
,
lieth
a
countrie
called
by
a
generall
name
Armenia
,
which
is
by
some
distinctlie
deuided
into
three
partes
:
the
North
part
whereof
being
but
little
,
is
called
Georgia
:
the
middle
part
Turcomania
:
and
the
thirde
part
,
by
the
proper
,
name
of
Armenia
:
by
which
a
man
may
see
the
reason
of
difference
in
diuers
writers
.
Some
saying
that
the
countrie
whence
the
Turkes
first
came
,
was
Armenia
:
some
say
Turcomania
:
and
some
Georgia
:
the
truth
being
,
that
out
of
one
,
or
all
these
countries
they
be
discended
.
These
Turkes
are
supposed
to
be
the
issue
of
them
:
whome
Alexander
the
great
did
shut
vp
within
certaine
mountaines
neare
to
the
Mare
Caspium
.
There
is
this
one
thing
Memorable
in
Armenia
:
that
after
the
great
floud
the
Arke
of
Noah
did
rest
it selfe
on
the
mountaines
of
Armenia
:
whereas
Iosephus
witnesseth
,
it
is
to
be
seene
yet
to
this
day
.
The
hils
wheron
it
rested
are
called
by
some
Noe
montes
.
The
people
of
this
Nation
haue
retained
among
them
the
Christian
faith
,
as
it
is
thought
,
from
the
time
of
the
Apostles
:
but
at
this
day
it
is
spotted
with
many
absurdities
.
On
the
South
parte
of
Armenia
bending
towarde
the
East
,
lieth
the
countrie
of
Assyria
,
which
is
bounded
on
the
West
with
Mesopotamia
.
This
country
was
that
land
,
wherin
the
first
Monarchie
war
setled
,
which
began
vnder
Ninus
,
which
the
Scripture
calleth
Nimrod
:
liuing
not
long
after
Noahs
floud
.
And
it
ended
in
Sardanapalus
:
continuing
for
the
space
of
a
thousand
and
three
hundred
yeares
.
The
King
of
this
countrie
was
Senacharib
;
of
whom
we
reade
in
the
booke
of
Kings
:
and
here
raigned
Nabuchadnezzer
,
who
tooke
Ierusalem
,
and
led
the
Iewes
away
prisoners
vnto
Babylon
.
In
this
countrie
,
is
the
swift
riuer
Tygris
,
neare
vnto
the
which
,
was
Paradise
:
vpon
this
riuer
stoode
the
great
cittie
Niniuie
,
called
by
prophane
writers
Ninus
:
which
was
almost
of
incredible
bignes
,
and
exceeding
populous
:
but
the
nearnesse
of
the
riuer
,
and
maruailous
fruitfulnes
of
the
soile
,
which
Herodotus
writeth
:
did
returne
their
corne
sometimes
two
,
sometimes
three
hundred
folde
,
and
did
yeelde
sufficiencie
for
to
maintaine
it
.
This
citie
for
a
long
time
was
the
imperiall
feat
of
the
Monarchie
:
but
being
destroyed
,
as
God
foretolde
it
should
be
by
the
Chaldeans
:
the
residence
of
the
king
,
was
afterwards
remoued
vnto
Babylon
,
a
great
citie
in
Chaldea
,
first
built
by
Semiramis
.
De
Chaldaea
.
Next
vnto
Assyria
,
lieth
Chaldaea
:
hauing
on
the
East
side
Assyria
,
on
the
West
Syria
,
or
Palestina
:
on
the
North
Armenia
:
on
the
South
the
desart
of
Arabia
.
This
countrie
is
often
called
by
the
name
of
Mesopotamia
,
which
name
it
hath
,
because
it
lieth
in
the
middle
of
two
great
riuers
,
Tygris
,
and
Euphrates
:
it
is
called
also
by
the
name
of
Babilonia
,
which
word
of
it selfe
properly
taken
,
doth
signifie
only
that
part
of
the
countrie
which
standeth
about
Babylon
.
The
chiefe
citie
hereof
was
Babylon
,
the
ruines
whereof
doe
remaine
to
this
day
.
It
was
a
rich
and
most
pleasant
citie
for
all
kind
of
delight
:
and
was
the
imperiall
citie
of
the
Assyrians
:
where
Nabuchadnessar
,
and
other
their
great
kings
did
lie
.
It
was
to
this
citie
,
that
the
children
of
Israel
were
caried
captiues
:
which
thereof
was
called
the
captiuitie
of
Babylon
.
The
kings
of
Persia
did
also
keepe
their
residence
here
:
it
was
built
vpon
the
riuer
Euphrates
,
some
part
of
it
standeth
on
the
one
side
,
and
some
on
the
other
:
hauing
so
the
foundresse
,
Semiramis
,
the
wife
of
Ninus
.
It
is
supposed
by
Diuines
,
that
in
this
Mesopotamia
,
between
the
riuer
Tygris
&
Euphrates
,
Paradice
did
stand
:
this
was
the
country
wherin
Abraham
the
Patriarke
was
borne
:
vnto
the
which
the
Romanes
could
very
hardly
extend
their
dominion
.
For
they
had
much
to
do
to
get
any
such
gouernment
of
any
thing
beyond
the
riuer
Euphrates
.
From
this
people
it
is
thought
that
the
wise
men
came
,
which
brought
presents
vnto
Christ
,
by
the
guiding
of
a
starre
.
For
as
in
India
and
all
the
Eastern
parts
,
so
especially
in
this
countrie
,
their
Noble
men
and
Priestes
,
and
verie
manie
people
,
doe
giue
themselues
to
all
Artes
of
diuination
:
Here
were
the
great
Southsayers
,
Enchaunters
,
and
wise
men
,
as
they
call
them
:
here
the
first
Astrologians
,
which
are
so
descibed
and
derided
in
the
Scripture
:
and
agaynst
the
inhabitants
of
Babylon
and
Chaldaea
were
the
lawes
of
the
Romanes
made
,
against
deuining
Mathematicians
:
who
in
Tullie
de
Diuinatione
,
&
Cornelius
Tacitus
,
as
also
in
the
lawes
of
the
Emperours
,
are
ordinary
called
by
the
name
of
Chaldeans
:
and
in
deede
from
these
,
and
from
the
Egytians
,
is
supposed
to
haue
sprung
the
first
knowledge
of
Astronomie
.
De
Asia
minori
,
ON
the
North-west
side
of
Mesopotamia
lieth
that
countrie
which
is
now
called
Nitolia
:
but
in
times
past
Asia
minor
,
hauing
on
the
North-side
Pontus
Euxinus
,
on
the
West
,
the
Hellespont
,
and
on
the
South
,
the
maine
Mare
Mediterraneum
.
In
the
auncient
writers
,
both
of
the
Graecians
,
and
of
the
Romanes
,
this
is
oftentimes
called
by
the
single
name
of
Asia
,
because
it
was
best
knowne
vnto
them
,
and
they
were
not
so
much
acquainted
with
the
farther
places
of
Asia
the
great
.
This
countrie
in
generall
,
for
the
fruitfulnesse
of
the
land
standing
in
so
temperate
a
Climate
,
and
for
the
conueniencie
of
the
Sea
euery
way
,
and
so
many
good
hauens
,
hath
beene
reputed
alwayes
a
verie
commodious
and
pleasurefull
countrie
.
It
is
wholie
at
this
day
vnder
the
Turke
.
The
mountaine
Taurus
goeth
along
from
the
West
,
vnto
the
East
part
of
it
.
The
greatnesse
of
it
is
such
,
that
it
hath
comprehended
many
kingdomes
and
great
prouinces
,
beside
cities
of
great
fame
.
On
the
South-east
part
thereof
,
neare
Palaestina
,
lyeth
Cilicia
:
the
chiefe
citie
thereof
is
Tarsus
,
the
countrie
of
Saint
Paul
:
the
place
whither
Salomon
sent
for
great
store
of
his
golde
,
and
prouision
for
the
Temple
,
whither
Ionas
also
fled
,
when
he
should
haue
gone
to
Niniue
.
In
the
straites
of
this
Cilicia
,
neere
to
the
mountaine
Taurus
,
did
Alexander
giue
the
great
ouerthrowe
in
person
to
Darius
,
in
the
ioyning
of
their
first
battaile
.
Westward
from
Cilicia
,
lyeth
the
prouince
called
Pamphilia
:
wherein
standeth
the
citie
Saeleucia
,
built
by
Seleucus
,
one
of
the
foure
great
successors
of
Alexander
the
great
.
On
the
West
of
this
Pamphilia
,
extending
it selfe
euen
to
the
sea
,
is
Lydia
,
where
reigned
sometime
Croesus
,
who
was
so
renowmed
for
his
aboundant
riches
.
Herein
standeth
as
a
sea-towne
,
Halicarnassus
the
countrie
of
Herodotus
,
and
of
Dionysius
,
who
wrote
the
Romane
Historie
:
which
cittie
was
sometimes
a
kingdome
,
as
in
the
time
of
Xerxes
:
to
whose
aide
against
the
Graecians
,
did
goe
Artimisia
,
the
Queene
of
Halicarnasse
,
and
here
raigned
Ada
another
Queene
,
in
the
time
of
Alexander
the
great
.
Vpon
the
sea-coast
,
Northward
from
Lydia
,
standeth
diuers
of
those
cities
,
vnto
the
which
,
Iohn
in
his
Reuellation
did
write
his
seuen
Epistles
,
as
Smyrna
,
Pergamus
,
Sardis
,
and
Ephesus
:
but
other
of
them
,
as
Laodicia
,
Philadelphia
,
Thiatira
,
doe
stand
more
in
the
inland
.
Sardis
was
a
citie
of
great
pleasure
and
profite
:
which
is
that
place
,
the
winning
whereof
by
the
Greekes
did
so
displease
one
of
the
kings
of
Persia
;
that
he
caused
it
euerie
day
at
dinner
to
be
remembred
vnto
him
,
that
the
Graecians
had
taken
Sardis
:
and
that
he
must
not
cease
till
he
had
recouered
it
againe
.
Ephesus
was
one
of
the
most
famous
cities
of
the
worlde
,
the
greatest
glorie
whereof
did
arise
by
reason
of
the
most
magnificent
Temple
of
Diana
,
which
was
at
Ephesus
:
to
the
building
whereof
all
Asia
the
lesse
did
verie
bountifully
contribute
.
It
is
reported
to
haue
beene
two
hundred
yeeres
in
building
:
and
at
seuen
seuerall
times
,
as
otherwise
,
so
especiallie
by
lightning
,
to
haue
bin
set
on
fire
:
but
the
final
destruction
of
it
was
by
a
base
person
named
Herostratus
:
who
of
purpose
set
it
on
fire
,
to
make
himselfe
famous
.
More
Northward
toward
the
Sea-coast
lyeth
Phrygia
,
which
was
the
countrie
from
whence
the
Goddesse
called
Bona
Dea
,
or
Pessinuntia
,
and
Cybile
was
brought
to
Rome
.
In
this
countrie
liued
Gordius
,
who
knit
that
knot
that
Alexander
cut
:
hoping
thereby
to
obtaine
(
as
an
oracle
had
foretolde
)
the
whole
kingdome
of
Asia
.
In
this
countrie
stoode
Troy
,
the
siege
whereof
by
the
Graecians
,
is
made
so
famous
by
the
Poetrie
of
Homer
and
of
Virgil.
Yet
Northwarde
from
Phrygia
lyeth
the
Countrie
of
Bithynia
,
which
was
sometimes
a
kingdome
where
Prusias
raigned
,
that
had
so
much
to
doe
with
the
Romanes
.
In
this
countrie
standeth
the
citie
Nicea
,
where
the
first
generall
Councel
was
held
against
Arrius
the
Heretike
,
by
Constantine
the
great
:
thereof
called
the
Nicene
Councell
.
Here
standeth
also
Chalcedon
,
where
the
fourth
general
Councell
was
held
by
the
Emperour
Martianus
,
against
the
heretike
Nestorius
.
From
Bithynia
East-ward
,
on
the
North-side
of
Asia
the
lesse
,
standeth
the
countrie
of
Paphlagonia
,
where
was
the
citie
built
by
Pompey
the
great
,
called
of
his
name
Pompeiopolis
.
From
thence
Eastward
,
ioining
to
Armenia
,
is
the
kingdome
of
Capadocia
,
which
bordereth
on
Armenia
:
&
Northward
from
thence
,
near
to
the
sea
called
Pontus
Euxinus
,
lieth
the
kingdome
of
Mithridates
:
which
was
called
Pontus
.
This
Mithridates
had
long
warres
with
the
Romanes
,
whose
subiects
he
caused
to
be
slaine
all
in
one
night
throughout
Asia
the
lesse
.
He
was
afterward
ouerthrowne
by
Pempey
the
great
Romane
.
By
him
was
inuented
that
preseruatiue
against
poison
,
which
of
his
name
is
called
Mithridate
.
There
were
also
in
Asia
the
lesse
some
other
small
countries
,
as
Galatia
,
Lycia
,
Caria
,
and
some
other
.
De
Syria
,
&
Palaestina
.
SOuthward
from
Cilicia
,
and
Asia
the
lesse
,
lieth
Syria
,
called
Palaestina
,
hauing
on
the
East
Mesopotamia
,
on
the
South
Arabia
,
on
the
West
Tire
and
Sidon
,
and
the
end
of
the
Mediterran
sea
.
The
people
of
this
Syria
,
were
in
times
past
called
the
Aramites
.
In
their
language
is
the
translation
of
the
new
Testament
,
called
the
Syriacke
.
In
this
countrie
standeth
Antioch
,
which
was
sometimes
one
of
the
famous
Patriarks
seas
,
and
is
a
citie
of
reckoning
vnto
this
day
.
Here
also
standeth
now
the
Citie
of
Aleppo
,
which
is
a
famous
Mart
towne
for
the
Marchandizing
of
the
Persians
,
and
other
of
the
East
,
and
for
the
Turkes
,
and
such
countries
as
bee
adioyning
.
Here
standeth
also
Tripolis
.
The
South
part
of
Syria
,
lying
downe
toward
Aegypt
and
Arabia
,
was
the
place
where
the
children
of
Israel
did
dwel
;
beeing
a
countrie
but
of
small
quantitie
,
not
in
length
two
hundren
Italian
miles
:
yet
was
so
fruitfull
,
flowing
with
milk
and
honie
(
as
the
scripture
calleth
it
)
that
both
it
did
maintaine
aboue
thirtie
kings
and
their
people
,
before
the
comming
of
the
children
of
Israel
out
of
Egypt
;
and
also
was
sufficient
afterwarde
to
relieue
the
incredible
number
of
the
twelue
tribes
of
Israel
.
It
was
noted
of
this
countrie
,
that
whereas
by
the
goodnesse
of
the
Climate
wherein
it
stoode
,
and
the
fertilitie
of
the
soile
(
but
especially
by
the
blessing
of
God
)
it
was
the
most
fruitfull
land
that
was
in
the
world
:
nowe
our
trauailers
by
experience
doe
finde
the
countrie
,
in
respect
of
the
fruitfulnesse
,
to
bee
changed
;
God
cursing
the
land
,
together
with
the
Iewes
,
the
inhabitants
of
it
.
It
is
obserued
also
for
all
the
Easterne
parts
,
that
they
are
not
so
fertile
as
they
haue
beene
in
former
ages
.
The
earth
as
it
were
growing
olde
,
which
is
an
argument
of
the
dissolution
to
come
by
the
day
of
iudgement
.
Through
this
countrie
doth
runne
the
riuer
Iordan
,
which
hath
heretofore
beene
famous
for
the
fruitfulnesse
of
the
trees
standing
thereupon
,
and
for
the
mildnesse
of
the
aire
,
so
that
(
as
Iosephus
writeth
)
when
snow
hath
layen
in
other
places
of
the
land
,
about
the
riuer
it
hath
bin
so
calme
that
men
did
goe
in
single
thinne
linnen
garments
.
In
this
countrie
standeth
the
Lake
called
Lacus
Asphaltites
,
because
of
a
kinde
of
slime
,
or
Bytumen
,
which
dayly
it
doth
cast
vp
,
being
of
force
to
ioyne
stones
exceeding
fast
in
building
.
This
Lake
is
it
,
which
is
called
Mare
mortuum
,
a
Sea
,
because
it
is
salt
and
dead
,
for
that
no
liuing
thing
is
therein
:
the
water
whereof
is
so
thicke
,
that
fewe
thinges
will
sinke
therein
:
insomuch
,
that
Iosephus
saith
,
that
an
Oxe
hauing
all
his
legges
bound
,
will
not
sinke
in
that
water
.
The
nature
of
this
lake
was
turned
into
this
qualitie
,
when
God
did
destroy
Sodome
and
Gomorra
,
and
the
citties
adioyning
with
fire
and
brimstone
from
heauen
:
for
Sodom
and
the
other
cities
did
stand
neare
vnto
Iordan
,
and
to
the
Mare
mortuum
:
for
the
destruction
of
whome
,
all
that
coast
to
this
day
is
a
witnes
:
the
earth
smelling
of
brimstone
,
being
desolate
,
and
yeelding
no
fruite
sauing
apples
,
and
such
,
which
growing
with
a
faire
shewe
to
the
eye
lyke
other
fruite
:
assone
as
they
are
touched
,
turne
presently
to
ashes
:
as
besides
Iosephus
,
Solinus
doth
witnes
.
The
land
of
Palaestina
had
for
inhabitants
all
the
twelue
tribes
of
Israell
,
which
were
vnder
one
kingdome
,
till
the
time
of
Rehoboam
the
sonne
of
Salomon
.
But
then
were
they
deuided
into
two
kingdomes
:
ten
tribes
being
called
Israel
,
and
two
being
called
Iuda
,
whose
chiefe
Citie
was
called
Ierusalem
.
Then
the
tribes
after
much
Idolatrie
,
were
caried
prisoners
into
Assyria
,
and
the
kingdome
dissolued
:
other
people
being
placed
in
their
roome
in
Samaria
,
and
the
countrie
adioyning
.
The
other
two
tribes
were
properly
called
the
Iewes
,
&
their
land
Iudaea
,
which
continued
long
after
in
Ierusalem
,
and
thereabout
,
till
the
captiuitie
of
Babylon
:
where
they
liued
for
70.
yeares
.
They
were
afterward
restored
:
but
liued
without
glory
till
the
comming
of
Christ
.
But
since
his
time
,
for
a
curse
vpon
them
and
their
children
,
for
putting
Christ
to
death
,
they
are
scattered
vpon
the
face
of
the
earth
as
runnagates
,
without
certaine
countrie
,
King
,
Priest
,
or
Prophet
.
In
their
chiefe
Citie
Ierusalem
was
the
Temple
of
God
,
first
most
gloriously
built
by
Salomon
,
and
afterwarde
destroyed
by
Nabuchadnezzer
.
By
the
commaundement
of
Cyrus
King
of
Persia
,
was
a
second
Temple
built
,
much
more
base
then
the
former
:
for
besides
the
pouertie
,
and
smalnesse
of
it
,
there
wanted
fiue
thinges
which
were
in
the
former
,
as
the
Iewes
write
.
First
the
Arke
of
the
couenant
:
Secondly
,
the
pot
of
Manna
:
Thirdly
,
the
rod
of
Aron
:
Fourthly
,
the
two
tables
of
the
lawe
written
by
the
finger
of
God
:
and
fiftly
,
the
fire
for
the
sacrifice
which
came
downe
from
heauen
.
Herod
the
great
,
an
Edomite
stranger
,
hauing
gotten
the
kingdome
,
contrary
to
the
lawe
of
Moses
,
and
knowing
the
people
to
be
offended
therewithall
,
to
procure
their
fauour
,
did
build
a
third
Temple
,
much
more
glorious
then
the
second
,
which
was
that
Temple
wherein
our
Sauiour
Christ
and
his
Apostles
did
teach
.
The
Citie
of
Ierusalem
was
twise
taken
,
and
vtterly
laid
desolate
:
first
by
Nabuchadnezzer
at
the
captiuitie
of
Babylon
:
and
secondly
after
the
death
of
Christ
by
Vespatian
the
Romaine
(
who
first
began
the
siege
)
and
by
his
sonne
Titus
,
who
was
afterward
Emperour
of
Rome
:
who
brought
such
horrible
desolation
on
that
Citie
,
and
the
people
thereof
by
sire
,
sworde
,
and
famine
,
that
the
lyke
hath
not
bin
read
in
any
historie
.
He
did
afterward
put
thousands
of
them
on
some
one
day
,
to
be
deuoured
by
the
beastes
,
which
was
a
cruell
custome
of
the
Romaine
magnificence
.
After
this
destruction
,
the
land
of
Iudaea
,
and
the
ruines
of
Ierusalem
,
were
possessed
by
some
of
the
people
adioyning
,
till
that
aboute
600.
yeares
since
,
the
Sarazens
did
inuade
it
:
for
the
expelling
of
whome
from
thence
,
diuers
Frenchmen
,
and
other
Christians
,
vnder
the
leading
of
Godfrey
of
Bullen
,
did
assemble
themselues
:
thinking
it
a
great
shame
,
that
the
Holy
land
as
they
called
it
,
the
Citie
of
Ierusalem
,
and
the
place
of
the
sepulchre
of
Christ
,
should
be
in
the
hands
of
the
Infidels
.
This
Godfrey
ruled
in
Ierusalem
by
the
name
of
a
Duke
:
but
his
successors
after
him
,
for
the
space
of
sixe
score
yeares
,
called
themselues
Kings
of
Ierusalem
:
aboute
which
time
,
Saladine
who
called
himselfe
King
of
Aegypt
,
and
Asia
the
lesse
,
did
win
it
from
the
Christians
:
for
the
recouery
whereof
,
Richard
the
first
,
King
of
England
,
together
with
the
French
King
,
and
the
King
of
Cicilia
,
did
goe
in
person
with
their
armies
to
Ierusalem
:
but
although
they
wonne
many
thinges
from
the
infidels
,
yet
the
ende
was
,
that
the
Sarazens
did
retaine
the
Holy
land
.
The
whole
countrie
and
citie
of
Ierusalem
,
are
now
in
the
dominion
of
the
Turke
:
who
notwithstanding
for
a
great
tribute
,
doeth
suffer
many
Christians
to
abide
there
.
There
are
therefore
nowe
two
,
or
more
monasteries
,
and
religious
houses
where
Friers
doe
abide
,
and
make
a
good
commoditie
by
shewing
of
the
sepulchre
of
Christ
,
and
other
monuments
vnto
such
Christian
pilgrims
,
as
doe
vse
superstitiously
to
goe
in
pilgrimage
to
the
Holy
land
.
The
King
of
Spaine
calleth
himselfe
at
this
day
,
King
of
Ierusalem
.
De
Arabia
.
NExt
vnto
the
Holy
land
,
lyeth
the
great
countrie
of
Arabia
,
hauing
on
the
North-parte
Palestina
,
and
Mesepotamia
:
on
the
East
the
gulfe
of
Persia
:
on
the
South
the
maine
Ocean
of
India
or
Aethiopia
:
on
the
West
,
Aegipt
,
and
the
great
bay
called
Sinus
Arabicus
,
or
the
redde
sea
.
This
countrie
is
deuided
into
three
partes
:
the
North
parte
whereof
,
is
called
Arabia
deserta
;
the
South
parte
,
which
is
the
greatest
,
is
named
Arabia
Foelix
,
and
in
the
middle
betweene
both
,
which
for
the
aboundance
of
Rockes
and
Stones
,
is
called
Arabia
Petrea
,
or
Petrosa
.
The
deserte
of
Arabia
is
that
place
,
in
which
God
after
the
deliuery
of
the
Israelites
from
Egypt
,
by
passing
through
the
red
sea
,
did
keepe
his
people
vnder
Moses
for
fortie
yeares
,
because
of
their
rebellion
;
feeding
them
in
the
meane
time
with
Manna
from
heauen
,
&
sometime
with
water
miraculously
drawne
out
of
drie
rockes
:
for
the
country
hath
verie
little
water
,
almost
no
trees
,
and
is
vtterly
vnfit
for
tillage
or
corne
.
There
are
no
townes
nor
inhabitants
in
all
this
desert
:
in
Arabia
Petrosa
are
some
,
but
not
many
.
Arabia
Foelix
,
for
fruitfulnes
of
the
ground
,
and
conuenient
standing
euerie
way
towarde
the
sea
,
is
one
of
the
best
countries
of
the
world
:
but
the
principall
cause
why
it
is
called
Foelix
,
is
for
that
it
yeeldeth
many
things
in
aboundance
,
which
in
other
parts
of
the
world
are
not
to
be
had
:
as
Frankincense
,
especially
the
most
precious
balmes
,
myrhe
,
and
many
other
,
both
fruits
and
spices
,
and
it
yeeldeth
withall
,
store
of
some
precious
stones
.
This
is
that
countrie
wherein
Mahomet
wes
borne
,
who
being
of
meane
parentage
,
was
brought
vp
in
his
youth
in
the
trade
of
merchandise
;
but
afterward
ioyning
himselfe
with
theeues
and
robbers
,
his
life
was
to
rob
such
marchants
as
passed
through
Arabia
;
and
to
this
purpose
hauing
gotten
togither
many
of
his
owne
countrimen
,
he
had
afterwardes
a
whole
legion
or
more
out
of
the
Romane
souldiours
:
who
being
offended
with
Heraclius
the
Romane
Emperour
,
for
want
of
their
pay
,
ioined
themselues
to
him
:
so
that
at
length
hee
had
a
great
armie
,
wherewith
hee
spoyled
the
countrie
adioyning
.
To
maintaine
his
credit
&
authoritie
with
his
owne
men
,
he
fained
that
he
had
conference
with
the
holy
Ghost
,
at
such
time
as
he
was
troubled
with
the
falling
sicknes
,
and
accordingly
,
he
ordained
a
new
religion
,
consisting
partly
of
Iewish
ceremonies
,
and
partly
of
Christian
doctrine
,
and
some
other
things
of
his
owne
inuention
,
that
hee
might
inueagle
both
Iewes
and
Christians
,
and
yet
by
his
own
fancy
distinguish
his
followers
from
both
.
The
booke
of
his
religion
is
called
the
Alcoran
.
The
people
which
were
his
Sectaries
(
whereas
in
deed
they
came
of
Hagar
the
hand
maid
of
Sara
Abrahams
wife
:
and
therefore
should
of
her
be
called
Ismaelites
,
or
Hagarens
)
because
they
would
not
seeme
to
be
come
of
a
bond
woman
,
and
from
him
whom
they
suppose
a
bastard
:
they
terme
themselues
Sarazens
,
as
comming
from
Sara
,
they
are
called
by
some
writers
Arabians
in
stead
of
Sarazens
,
their
name
beeing
drawne
from
their
first
countrie
.
In
the
countrie
of
Arabia
standeth
a
citie
called
Mecha
,
which
is
the
place
where
Mahomet
was
buried
,
and
in
remembrance
of
him
there
is
built
a
great
Temple
:
vnto
the
which
,
the
Turkes
and
Sarazens
doe
yearlie
goe
on
pilgrimage
,
as
some
Christians
do
to
the
Holie
land
.
For
they
account
Mahomet
to
be
the
greatest
Prophet
that
euer
came
into
the
world
:
saying
that
there
were
three
great
Prophets
Moses
,
Christ
,
and
Mahomet
:
and
as
the
doctrine
of
Moses
was
bettered
by
Christ
,
so
is
the
doctrine
of
Christ
amended
by
Mahomet
.
In
this
respect
,
as
we
reckon
the
computation
of
our
yeares
from
the
incarnation
of
Christ
,
so
the
Sarazens
account
theirs
from
the
time
of
Mahomet
.
The
Turkes
,
whose
fame
began
now
about
two
hundred
yeares
since
,
haue
imbraced
the
opinions
and
the
religion
of
the
Sarazens
,
concerning
Mahomet
.
On
the
West-side
of
Arabia
,
betweene
that
,
and
Egypt
,
lieth
the
gulfe
called
of
the
country
,
Sinus
Arabicus
,
by
some
Mare
Erythreum
,
but
commonly
the
red
Sea
:
not
of
one
Erythrus
as
some
suppose
;
but
because
the
sand
and
bankes
there-about
are
in
colour
red
.
This
is
that
sea
,
through
the
which
,
by
Moses
,
the
people
of
Israel
were
led
,
when
they
fled
out
of
Egypt
from
Pharao
:
God
causing
by
his
power
,
the
waters
to
stand
on
both
sides
of
them
,
which
they
passed
through
as
on
drie
land
.
This
is
that
sea
,
through
the
which
,
the
spices
of
the
East
Indies
were
in
times
past
brought
to
Alexandria
in
Aegypt
.
and
from
thence
dispersed
into
Christendome
by
the
Venetians
:
which
spices
and
Apothicarie
drugs
are
found
to
be
far
worse
then
before
time
they
were
,
by
reason
of
the
great
moisture
which
they
take
on
the
water
,
by
the
long
nauigation
of
the
Portingales
,
by
the
backe
part
of
Africa
.
This
is
that
sea
,
through
the
which
Salomon
did
send
for
his
golde
,
and
other
precious
marchandise
vnto
the
East
Indies
,
and
not
to
the
West
Indies
,
as
some
lately
haue
disputed
.
Whereout
the
vanitie
of
that
opinion
may
appeare
,
that
America
and
the
West
Indies
were
knowne
in
the
time
of
Salomon
:
for
if
he
had
sent
thither
,
his
course
had
beene
along
the
Med.
and
through
the
straights
of
Gibraltar
,
commonly
called
Fretum
Herculeum
,
between
Spaine
and
Barbarie
.
But
the
Scripture
telleth
,
that
the
nauie
which
Salomon
sent
forth
,
was
built
at
Eseon
Gabar
:
which
there
also
is
said
to
stand
on
the
red
sea
:
so
his
course
might
be
East-ward
or
South-ward
,
not
West-ward
.
In
the
desert
of
Arabia
is
the
Mount
Horeb
:
which
by
some
is
supposed
to
bee
the
same
that
is
called
the
Mount
Sina
:
where
manie
thinke
it
was
,
that
Abraham
shoulde
haue
offered
vp
his
sonne
Isaac
:
but
it
is
certaine
,
that
it
was
the
place
,
where
God
in
the
Wildernesse
,
did
giue
vnto
the
people
of
Israel
his
law
of
the
ten
commaundements
,
with
thundering
,
lightning
,
and
earth-quake
,
in
most
fearefull
manner
.
De
Africa
,
&
Egypto
.
FRom
Arabia
,
and
Palastina
,
toward
the
West
,
lyeth
Africa
;
hauing
on
the
North-side
,
from
the
one
end
of
it
to
the
other
,
the
Mediter
.
sea
.
The
greatest
part
of
which
countrie
,
although
it
hath
beene
gessed
at
by
writers
in
former
time
,
yet
because
of
the
great
heate
of
it
,
lying
for
the
most
parte
vnder
the
Zona
Torrida
,
and
for
the
Wildernesses
therein
,
it
was
in
former
times
supposed
by
manie
,
not
to
bee
much
inhabited
:
but
of
certaintie
by
all
,
verie
little
discouered
:
till
the
Portingales
of
late
beganne
their
nauigation
on
the
backe-side
of
Africa
,
to
the
East
Indies
.
So
exact
a
description
is
not
therefore
to
bee
looked
for
,
as
hath
beene
of
Asia
,
and
Eurupa
.
Ioyned
to
the
Holy
land
by
a
little
Isthmos
is
the
countrie
of
Aegypt
,
which
is
a
land
most
fruitfull
,
as
any
almost
in
the
world
,
although
in
these
daies
it
doth
not
answere
to
the
felicitie
of
former
time
.
This
is
it
which
in
the
time
of
Ioseph
did
relieue
Canaan
with
corne
,
and
the
familie
of
Iacob
,
which
did
so
multiplie
in
the
land
of
Aegypt
,
that
they
were
growne
to
an
huge
multitude
,
when
God
by
Moses
did
deliuer
them
from
thence
.
This
countrie
did
yeeld
exceeding
aboundance
of
corne
vnto
the
citie
of
Rome
,
whereupon
Aegypt
,
as
well
as
Cicilia
,
was
commonly
called
Horreum
populi
Romani
.
It
is
obserued
from
all
antiquitie
,
that
almost
neuer
any
raine
did
fall
in
the
land
of
Egypt
:
whereupon
the
raining
,
with
thunder
,
&
lightning
,
and
fire
running
on
the
ground
,
was
so
much
the
more
strange
:
when
God
plagued
Pharao
in
the
dayes
of
Moses
.
But
the
flowing
of
the
riuer
Nilus
ouer
all
the
countrie
(
their
cities
onely
and
some
fewe
hils
excepted
)
doth
so
water
the
earth
,
that
it
bringeth
foorth
fruit
abundantly
.
The
flowing
of
which
riuer
yearly
is
one
of
the
greatest
miracles
of
the
world
,
no
man
being
able
to
yeeld
a
sufficient
and
assured
reason
thereof
:
although
in
Herodotus
,
and
Diodorus
Siculus
,
many
probable
causes
and
opinions
are
assigned
thereof
.
It
is
noted
of
this
riuer
,
if
in
ordinarie
places
it
doe
flow
vnder
the
height
of
fifteene
cubites
,
that
for
want
of
moysture
,
the
yeare
is
not
fruitfull
;
and
if
it
do
flow
aboue
seuenteene
cubites
,
that
there
is
like
to
bee
a
dearth
by
reason
of
the
aboundance
of
the
moysture
,
the
water
lying
longer
on
the
land
then
the
inhabitants
do
desire
.
In
Egypt
hath
learning
bin
very
auncient
.
But
especially
the
knowledge
of
Astronomie
and
Mathematicks
:
whereof
before
the
time
of
Tullie
,
their
Priests
would
report
,
that
they
had
the
discent
for
1500.
yeares
exactly
recorded
,
with
obseruation
Astrologicall
:
which
as
it
is
a
fable
,
vnlesse
they
doe
reckon
their
yeares
by
the
Moone
(
as
some
suppose
they
did
euery
moneth
,
for
a
yeare
)
so
it
doth
argue
knowledge
to
haue
bene
among
them
very
antient
:
their
Priestes
had
among
them
a
kinde
of
writing
,
and
of
describing
thinges
by
picture
:
which
they
did
call
their
Hieroglyphica
.
This
in
times
past
was
a
kingdome
,
and
by
the
Kinges
thereof
were
built
those
great
Pyramides
,
which
were
held
to
be
one
of
the
seuen
wonders
of
the
world
,
being
mightie
huge
buildings
,
erected
of
exceeding
height
,
for
the
magnificence
of
their
founders
.
There
is
part
of
two
or
three
of
them
remaining
vnto
this
day
.
In
Aegipt
did
stand
the
great
Citie
Memphis
,
which
is
at
this
day
called
Cairo
,
one
of
the
most
famous
Cities
of
the
East
.
Here
did
Alexander
build
that
Citie
,
which
vnto
this
day
is
of
his
name
called
Alexandria
,
bing
now
the
greatest
Citie
of
merchandize
in
all
Aegipt
:
of
which
Ammiamus
Marcellinus
doth
obserue
,
that
there
is
neuer
any
day
,
or
almost
hath
euer
bene
:
but
that
once
in
that
day
,
the
Sun
hath
bene
seene
to
shine
ouer
Alexandria
.
This
Citie
was
one
of
the
foure
principall
seas
,
and
remaineth
so
at
this
time
.
This
countrie
was
gouerned
by
a
King
,
as
long
agone
,
as
almost
any
in
the
worlde
.
Here
raigned
Amasis
,
who
made
those
good
lawes
spoken
of
by
Herodotus
,
and
Diodorus
Siculus
,
in
whose
writings
the
antient
customes
of
the
Aegiptians
are
worthie
to
be
read
.
After
Alexanders
time
,
Ptolomeus
one
of
his
captaines
had
this
kingdome
,
of
whome
all
his
successors
were
called
Ptolomeis
,
as
before
time
all
their
Kings
were
called
Pharao
.
They
continued
long
friendes
,
and
in
league
with
the
people
of
Rome
,
till
the
time
of
Iulius
Caesar
:
but
afterward
they
were
as
subiects
to
the
Romaines
,
till
the
Empire
did
decaye
,
When
they
had
withdrawne
themselues
from
the
Romaine
gouernement
,
they
set
vp
a
Prince
of
their
owne
:
whome
they
tearmed
the
Sultan
,
or
Souldan
of
Aegipt
:
of
whome
,
about
400.
yeares
since
,
Saladine
was
one
.
But
when
the
race
of
these
was
out
,
the
Mamalukes
(
who
were
the
garde
of
the
Sultan
,
as
the
Ianisaries
to
the
Turke
)
appointed
a
Prince
at
their
pleasure
,
till
that
nowe
aboute
an
100.
yeares
agone
,
or
lesse
,
the
Turke
possessed
himselfe
with
sole
gouernement
of
the
countrie
:
so
that
at
this
day
,
Aegipt
is
wholy
vnder
the
Turke
.
There
be
Christians
that
now
liue
in
Aegipt
,
for
their
tribute
vnto
the
Turke
,
as
they
doe
now
in
Graecia
.
De
Cyrene
&
Africa
minori
.
ON
the
West-side
of
Aegipt
,
lying
along
the
Mediterran
,
is
a
countrie
which
is
called
in
olde
time
Cyrene
:
wherein
did
stand
that
Oracle
which
was
so
famous
in
the
time
of
Alexander
the
great
,
called
by
the
name
of
the
Temple
or
Oracle
of
Iupiter
Hammon
:
whither
,
when
Alexander
did
repaire
,
as
to
aske
counsell
of
himselfe
and
his
successe
,
the
Priests
being
before
taught
what
they
should
say
,
did
flatteringly
professe
him
to
be
the
sonne
of
a
God
,
and
that
he
was
to
be
adored
:
so
that
as
the
Oracle
of
Delphos
,
and
some
other
were
plaine
delusions
of
Satan
,
who
did
raigne
in
that
darke
time
of
ignorance
,
so
this
of
Iupiter
Hammon
may
be
well
supposed
to
bee
nothing
else
but
a
cousinage
of
the
Priestes
.
In
this
countrie
and
all
neare
aboute
where
the
Oracle
stoode
,
are
very
great
wildernesses
:
where
did
appeare
to
Alexander
,
for
foure
dayes
iourney
,
neither
Grasse
,
Tree
,
Water
,
Man
,
Bird
,
nor
Beast
;
but
onely
a
deep
kinde
of
sand
:
so
that
he
was
inforced
to
carry
water
with
him
for
himselfe
and
his
company
,
and
all
other
prouision
on
Camels
backs
.
At
this
day
this
countrie
hath
lost
his
olde
name
,
and
is
reckoned
as
a
parte
of
Aegipt
,
and
lyeth
vnder
the
Turke
.
Westward
from
hence
,
along
the
Mediterran
,
lyeth
the
countrie
which
in
auntient
time
was
called
Afried
minor
:
for
as
in
Asia
one
part
aboue
another
was
by
an
excellencie
called
Asia
,
or
Asia
the
lesse
:
so
this
parte
of
Afrike
was
termed
by
the
Romaines
sometimes
Africa
simply
,
sometimes
Afica
the
lesse
.
In
this
countrie
did
stand
that
place
so
famous
,
mentioned
by
Salust
:
vnder
the
neme
of
Phileni
Arae
,
which
was
the
bound
in
that
time
,
betweene
Africa
and
Cyrene
.
On
the
Notth
and
East
parte
hereof
,
in
the
sea
neare
vnto
the
shore
,
was
that
quicke-sand
,
which
in
times
past
did
destroy
so
many
shippes
:
and
was
called
Syrtis
Magna
:
as
also
,
on
the
North
and
West
parte
was
the
other
sand
,
called
Syrtis
parua
.
Some
part
of
this
countrie
was
heretofore
vnder
the
Sultane
of
Egypt
,
whose
dominion
did
extend
it selfe
so
far
to
the
West
:
&
there
it
was
deuided
from
the
kingdome
of
Tunis
:
but
it
is
now
wholy
vnder
the
Turke
,
and
is
commonly
reputed
as
a
parte
of
Barbarie
.
For
now
by
the
generall
name
,
from
the
confines
of
Cyrene
vnto
the
West
,
as
farre
as
Hercules
his
pillars
,
all
the
whole
space
is
called
Barbarie
:
though
it
conteine
in
it
diuers
kingdomes
,
as
Tunis
,
Fessa
,
and
Marocco
.
De
Mauritania
Caesariensi
.
AParte
of
that
countrie
,
which
by
a
generall
name
is
called
at
this
day
Barbary
,
hath
in
olde
time
bin
called
Mauritania
,
which
was
deuided
into
two
partes
:
the
East
part
whereof
next
to
Africa
minor
,
was
called
by
the
Romaines
Mauritania
Caesariensis
,
as
the
other
was
called
Mauritania
Tingitana
.
In
Mauritania
Caesariensis
was
the
countrie
of
Numidia
,
the
people
whereof
were
vsed
in
the
warres
of
the
Carthaginians
as
light-horse
men
,
and
for
nimble
seruices
very
actiue
.
In
the
East-parte
of
this
countrie
standing
in
the
Sea
,
was
that
amous
Citie
of
Carthage
,
supposed
to
be
built
by
Dido
,
who
came
from
Tyrus
.
This
Citie
was
it
which
for
the
space
of
some
hundreth
yeares
contended
with
Rome
for
the
Empire
of
the
worlde
.
In
the
Romaine
histories
are
recorded
three
great
warres
which
the
people
of
Rome
had
with
the
Citie
of
Carthage
.
In
the
first
of
the
three
,
their
contention
was
for
the
Iles
of
Cicilia
,
Corsica
,
and
Sardinia
:
when
the
victorie
fell
to
the
Romaines
,
and
the
Carthaginians
were
glad
to
redeeme
their
peace
with
the
leauing
of
those
Ilands
.
The
second
warre
was
begunne
by
Hannibal
,
who
brake
the
league
,
and
after
he
had
taken
some
parte
of
Spaine
from
the
Romaines
,
and
sacked
Saguntum
,
a
citie
of
their
friendes
,
came
first
ouer
the
Pyrenie
hills
to
France
,
then
ouer
the
Alpes
to
Italie
,
where
he
ouerthrew
the
Romaines
in
three
great
battailes
:
and
much
endaungered
their
state
:
he
continued
in
Italie
with
his
armie
sixteene
yeares
:
till
Scipio
attempting
on
Carthage
,
forced
Hannibal
to
returne
to
rescue
his
owne
countrie
.
There
was
Hannibal
ouerthrowne
,
and
his
Citie
put
to
a
great
pension
by
Scipio
:
who
for
his
victorie
there
,
was
named
Africanus
.
In
the
third
warre
,
because
the
people
of
Cartharge
still
brake
their
leage
,
their
Citie
was
razed
to
the
very
grounde
,
by
the
earnest
and
continuall
sure
of
Cato
the
elder
,
fearing
euermore
so
dangerous
a
neighbour
,
though
Scipio
Nasica
counselled
to
the
contrarie
:
fearing
least
if
the
dread
of
that
enemie
were
taken
away
,
the
Romanes
would
grow
eyther
to
idlenes
,
or
to
ciuill
dissension
,
which
after
they
did
.
It
is
reported
of
Cato
,
that
he
neuer
spake
his
iudgement
of
any
thing
in
the
Senate
,
but
his
conclusion
was
thus
:
Thus
I
thinke
for
this
matter
,
and
withall
,
that
Carthage
is
to
be
razed
downe
.
And
Scipio
Nasica
would
reply
in
his
conclusion
:
Thus
I
thinke
of
this
matter
,
and
withall
,
that
Carthage
is
not
to
be
razed
downe
.
In
this
countrie
towards
the
West
not
far
from
Carthage
stood
Vtica
,
whereof
the
younger
Cato
was
termed
Cato
Vticensis
,
because
hee
killed
himselfe
there
,
in
the
ciuill
warres
betweene
Pompey
and
Caesar
:
because
he
would
not
come
within
the
handes
of
his
enemie
Caesar
.
Not
farre
from
thence
Westwarde
standeth
Hippon
,
which
was
the
Citie
where
S.
Austen
was
Bishop
.
This
whole
countrie
at
this
day
is
called
the
kingdome
of
Tunis
,
the
king
whereof
is
a
kinde
of
Stipendarie
vnto
the
great
Turke
.
The
people
that
inhabit
there
are
generally
Sarazens
,
and
do
professe
Mahomets
religion
.
De
Mauritania
Tingitana
.
THe
other
part
of
Barbarie
that
lieth
along
the
Mediterran
.
farthest
into
the
west
was
called
in
olde
time
Manritania
Tingitana
.
The
people
of
which
countrie
were
those
which
almost
in
all
olde
hystories
were
called
by
the
name
of
Mauri
.
Those
of
the
other
Mauritania
being
rather
termed
Namidae
.
Into
the
Northwest
part
hereof
did
Hercules
come
,
and
there
did
set
vp
one
of
his
pillars
,
which
aunswereth
to
the
other
in
Spaine
,
at
the
straights
of
Gibraltar
in
times
past
called
Fretum
Herculeum
.
On
the
South
part
hereof
lay
the
kingdome
of
Bocchus
,
which
in
the
time
of
Marius
had
so
much
to
doe
with
the
Romanes
.
In
the
Westpart
of
this
Mauritania
,
standeth
the
hill
called
Atlas
minor
;
and
on
the
South
part
is
the
great
hill
called
Atlas
maior
,
whereof
the
maine
Ocean
which
lieth
betweene
Mauritania
and
America
,
is
called
Mare
Atlanticum
.
This
hill
is
so
high
,
that
vnto
those
who
stoode
on
the
bottome
of
it
,
it
seemed
to
touch
heauen
with
his
top
:
whereupon
grew
that
fable
of
the
Poets
,
that
Atlas
was
a
giant
,
who
helde
vp
heauen
with
his
shoulders
.
This
countrie
hath
beene
long
inhabited
by
the
Sarazens
,
who
from
thence
,
finding
it
to
be
but
a
short
passage
into
Spain
,
did
go
ouer
now
seuen
hundred
yeers
agone
:
and
possessed
there
the
kingdome
of
Granado
on
the
South-side
of
Spaine
:
till
they
were
thence
expelled
by
Ferdinandus
and
Elizabeth
,
or
Isabell
,
King
and
Queene
of
Castile
.
In
this
countrie
since
that
time
,
haue
the
Spaniards
taken
some
cities
and
holdes
:
and
so
also
haue
the
Portingales
:
which
by
the
diuers
euent
of
victorie
,
haue
often
beene
lost
and
wonne
by
them
.
Here
it
was
that
the
Emperou
:
Charles
the
fift
had
diuerse
of
his
great
warres
agaynst
the
Moores
,
as
well
as
in
the
kingdome
of
Timis
.
For
the
assistance
of
one
,
who
claimed
to
bee
King
of
a
part
of
this
Countrie
,
did
Sebastian
the
king
of
Portingale
goe
with
all
his
power
into
Africa
,
in
the
yeare
1578.
where
vnaduisedly
bearing
himselfe
,
hee
was
slaine
togither
with
two
other
,
dying
that
day
,
who
claymed
to
bee
Kings
:
so
that
there
it
was
,
that
the
battaile
was
sought
:
whereof
it
is
said
,
that
three
kings
dyed
in
one
day
:
which
battaile
was
the
ruine
of
the
kingdome
of
Portingale
:
and
the
cause
of
the
vniting
of
a
to
the
Crowne
of
Spaine
.
Astrolegers
did
suppose
,
that
the
blaging
Starre
which
appeared
the
yeare
before
did
signifie
that
ill
euent
.
This
whole
countrie
doth
containe
in
it
,
besides
,
some
imperiall
gouernment
,
two
absolute
kingdomes
:
the
one
the
kingdome
of
Eezza
,
or
Fes
,
which
lieth
on
the
North-part
toward
the
Mediter
.
and
Spaine
:
the
other
is
the
kingdome
of
Marocco
,
which
lieth
from
about
the
hill
Atlas
minor
,
to
the
South
and
West
part
of
Mauritania
.
These
are
both
Sarazens
,
as
be
also
their
people
:
holding
true
league
with
the
Turke
;
and
with
some
other
Christian
Princes
,
a
league
onely
for
trefique
or
Marchandise
.
De
reliquis
Africae
regionbius
.
maritimis
.
FRom
beyond
the
hils
Atlas
maior
,
vnto
the
South
of
Africa
is
nothing
almost
in
antiquitie
worthy
the
reading
,
and
those
things
which
are
written
for
the
most
part
are
fables
.
In
the
new
Writers
there
are
some
few
things
to
be
obserued
As
first
,
that
all
the
people
in
generall
to
the
South
,
lying
within
the
Zona
torrida
,
are
not
onely
blackish
like
the
Moores
;
but
are
exceedingly
blacke
.
And
therefore
as
in
olde
time
,
by
an
excellencie
,
some
of
them
were
called
Nigrita
;
so
that
to
this
day
they
are
named
Negros
,
as
then
whome
no
men
are
blacker
.
Secondly
,
that
the
inhabitants
of
all
these
parts
which
border
or
the
sea
coast
,
euen
vnto
Caput
bonae
spei
,
haue
beene
Gentiles
,
adoring
Images
and
foolish
shapes
for
their
gods
;
neither
hearing
of
Christ
,
nor
beleeuing
on
Mahomet
,
till
such
time
as
Portingales
comming
in
among
them
,
haue
professed
Christ
for
themselues
;
but
haue
wonne
fewe
of
the
people
to
imbrace
their
religion
.
Thirdly
,
that
the
Portingales
passing
along
Africa
vnto
the
East
Indies
,
haue
fetled
themselues
in
many
places
of
those
countries
,
building
Castles
and
townes
for
their
owne
safetie
,
and
to
keepe
the
people
in
subiection
to
their
great
commoditie
.
One
of
the
first
countries
famous
beyond
Marocco
,
is
Guinea
,
which
we
call
Ginnie
:
within
the
compasse
whereof
lieth
the
cape
called
Cape
Verde
:
and
the
other
,
the
Cape
of
the
three
points
,
and
the
towne
and
Castle
named
Sierra
Liona
,
at
which
places
commonly
all
trauailers
doe
touch
that
doe
passe
that
way
for
fresh
water
,
and
other
shippe-prouision
.
Our
English
men
haue
founde
trafique
into
the
partes
of
this
countrie
:
where
their
greatest
commoditie
as
golde
,
and
Elephants
teeth
:
of
both
which
there
is
very
good
store
.
Beyond
that
toward
the
South
,
not
farre
from
the
equinoctiall
line
,
lyeth
the
kingdome
of
Congo
,
commonlie
called
Manicongo
:
Where
the
Portingales
at
their
first
arriuall
,
finding
the
people
to
bee
heathens
without
God
,
did
induce
them
to
a
profession
of
Iesus
Christ
:
and
to
bee
baptized
in
great
aboundance
:
allowing
of
the
principles
of
religion
:
vntill
such
time
as
the
Priests
did
teach
them
to
leade
their
liues
according
vnto
their
profession
:
which
the
most
part
of
them
in
no
case
enduring
,
they
returned
backe
againe
vnto
their
Gentilisme
.
Beyond
Manicongo
,
so
farre
to
the
South
as
almost
ten
degrees
beyonde
the
tropicke
of
Capricorne
,
lyeth
the
landes
ende
:
which
is
a
promontorie
,
now
called
by
the
name
of
Caput
bone
spei
:
which
Vascus
Gama
the
Portingale
did
discouer
,
and
so
called
it
:
because
hee
had
there
good
hope
that
the
land
did
turne
to
the
North
:
and
that
following
the
course
thereof
,
he
might
bee
brought
to
Arabia
,
and
Persia
:
but
especially
to
Calicut
in
India
.
Which
course
,
when
himselfe
and
other
of
his
countrimen
after
him
did
follow
:
they
founde
on
the
coast
vp
towarde
Arabia
,
the
kingdome
of
Mozambique
,
Melinde
,
Magadaxa
,
and
other
:
whose
people
were
all
Gentiles
,
and
now
are
in
league
with
the
Portingales
:
who
haue
built
diuerse
holdes
for
their
safetie
:
of
which
Countries
and
manners
of
the
people
,
he
that
listeth
to
reade
,
may
finde
much
in
the
hystories
of
Osorius
,
and
Petrus
Maffeus
.
But
there
is
no
matter
of
any
great
importance
.
De
Abissina
,
&
imperio
Presbyteri
Iohannis
.
IN
the
inland
of
Africa
lyeth
a
verie
large
Countrie
,
extending
it selfe
on
the
East
,
to
some
part
of
the
redde
sea
;
on
the
South
,
to
the
kingdome
of
Melinde
,
and
a
great
way
farther
;
on
the
North
,
vnto
Egypt
;
on
the
West
vnto
Manicorgo
:
the
people
whereof
are
called
Abissini
,
and
it selfe
,
the
dominion
of
him
,
whom
wee
commonly
call
in
English
Prester
Iohn
:
but
in
Latine
some
tearme
him
,
Preciosus
Iohannes
,
because
of
his
riches
;
but
in
the
most
part
Presbiter
Iohannes
:
writing
of
him
,
that
as
he
is
a
prince
absolute
,
so
he
hath
also
a
Priestlike
,
or
Patriarchall
function
&
iurisdiction
among
them
.
This
is
a
very
mightie
prince
,
and
reputed
to
be
one
of
the
greatest
Emperours
of
the
worlde
.
What
was
knowne
of
this
countrie
in
former
time
was
knowne
vnder
the
name
of
Aethiopia
:
but
the
voyages
of
the
Portingales
in
these
late
dayes
haue
best
described
it
.
The
people
therefore
are
Christians
:
as
is
also
their
prince
:
but
differing
in
many
thinges
from
the
West
Church
:
and
in
no
sorte
acknowledging
any
supreme
prerogatiue
of
the
Bishop
of
Rome
.
It
is
thought
that
they
haue
retayned
christianitie
,
euen
from
the
time
of
our
Sauiour
,
being
supposed
to
bee
conuerted
by
the
Chamberlaine
of
Candace
the
Queene
of
Aethiopia
:
who
was
instructed
concerning
Christ
,
by
Phillip
the
Euang.
in
the
Actes
of
the
Apostes
.
Euseb.
in
his
Ecclesiasticall
storie
doth
make
mention
of
this
.
But
they
doe
to
this
day
retaine
Circumcision
:
whereof
the
reason
may
be
,
that
the
Eunuch
their
conuerter
not
hauing
any
further
conference
with
the
Apostle
,
nor
any
else
for
him
,
did
receiue
the
ceremonies
of
the
Church
vnperfectly
,
retaining
Circumcision
:
which
among
the
Iewes
was
not
abolished
,
when
he
had
conference
with
Phillip
.
Within
the
dominion
of
Prester
Iohn
are
the
mountaines
commonly
called
Lune
montes
,
where
is
the
first
well-spring
and
arising
of
the
riuer
Nylus
:
which
riuer
running
violently
along
this
countrie
,
and
sometimes
hastely
increasing
by
the
melting
of
much
snow
from
the
mountaines
,
would
ouer-run
and
drowne
a
great
parte
of
Aegipt
:
but
that
it
is
slaked
by
many
ponds
,
dams
,
&
sluces
,
which
are
within
the
dominion
of
Prester
Iohn
.
And
in
respect
hereof
,
for
the
maintenance
of
these
,
the
Princes
of
Aegipt
haue
paid
vnto
the
gouernor
of
Abissines
a
great
tribute
time
out
of
minde
:
which
of
late
the
great
Turke
supposing
to
bee
a
custome
needelesse
,
did
denye
:
till
the
people
of
the
Abissines
by
commaundement
of
their
Prince
,
did
breake
downe
their
dammes
,
and
drowning
Aegipt
,
did
inforce
the
Turke
to
continue
his
paye
,
and
to
giue
much
money
for
the
newe
making
of
them
very
earnestly
,
to
his
great
charge
,
desiring
a
peace
.
There
be
other
Countries
in
Africa
,
as
Agisimbae
,
Libiae
interior
,
Nubia
,
and
other
of
whome
nothing
is
famous
.
But
this
may
be
said
of
Africa
in
generall
,
that
it
bringeth
forth
store
of
all
sortes
of
wilde
beastes
,
as
Elephants
,
Lyons
,
Panthers
,
Tigers
,
and
the
like
:
yea
,
according
to
the
Prouerbe
,
Africa
sempor
aliquid
apportet
noui
.
Oftentimes
newe
and
strange
shapes
of
beastes
are
brought
forth
there
.
The
reason
whereof
is
,
that
the
countrie
being
hot
and
full
of
wildernesses
which
haue
in
them
little
water
,
the
beastes
of
all
sortes
are
inforced
to
meete
at
those
fewe
warring
places
that
be
,
where
oftentimes
contrarie
kindes
haue
coniunction
the
one
with
the
other
:
so
that
there
ariseth
newe
kindes
or
species
,
which
taketh
parte
of
both
.
Such
a
one
is
the
Leopard
begotten
of
the
Lyon
,
and
the
beast
called
Dardus
,
somewhat
resembling
either
of
them
.
And
thus
fat
of
Africa
.
De
Insulis
septentrionalibus
.
THe
Ilands
that
doe
lie
in
the
North
,
are
in
number
almost
infinite
the
chiefe
of
them
onely
shall
be
briefely
touched
.
Very
farre
to
the
North
,
in
the
same
clymate
almost
with
Sweden
that
is
vnder
the
very
circle
arctick
,
lyeth
Ireland
,
called
in
olde
time
Thule
,
which
was
then
supposed
to
be
the
farthest
parte
of
the
worlde
Northward
,
and
and
therefore
is
called
by
Virgill
,
Vltima
Thule
:
the
countrie
is
colde
,
the
people
barbarous
,
and
it
yeeldeth
little
commoditie
sauing
Hankes
:
in
some
parte
of
the
yeare
there
is
no
night
at
all
.
Southward
from
thence
lyeth
Frizeland
,
called
in
Latine
Frizelandia
,
whereas
the
Frizeland
ioyning
to
Germanie
,
is
in
Latine
called
Frizia
.
On
the
coast
of
Germanie
,
one
of
the
seuenteene
prouinces
is
called
Zeland
,
which
containeth
in
it
diuers
Ilandes
,
in
whome
little
is
famous
,
sauing
that
in
one
of
them
is
Vlishing
,
or
Firshing
,
a
towne
of
warre
:
and
at
Middleburg
,
in
an
other
,
a
place
of
good
marte
.
The
States
of
the
Lowe-countries
doe
holde
this
prouince
vnited
against
the
King
of
Spaine
.
These
Ilands
haue
bene
much
troubled
of
late
with
inundation
of
waters
.
The
Iland
that
lyeth
most
West
of
any
fanie
,
is
Ireland
,
which
had
in
it
heretofore
many
kings
of
their
owne
;
but
the
whole
land
is
now
annexed
vnto
the
crowne
of
England
:
The
people
naturally
rude
and
superstitious
;
the
countrie
good
and
fruitefull
:
but
that
for
want
of
tillage
in
diuers
piece
,
they
suffer
it
to
growe
into
bogges
,
and
desertes
.
That
is
true
of
this
countrie
(
which
Solmus
writeth
of
some
other
)
that
serpents
and
adders
doe
not
breede
here
;
and
in
the
Irish
timber
,
of
certaine
experience
,
no
spiders
webbe
is
euer
founde
.
The
most
renowned
Iland
in
the
worlde
is
Albion
,
or
Britannia
;
which
hath
heretofore
contained
in
it
many
seuerall
kingdomes
;
but
especially
in
the
time
of
the
Saxons
.
It
hath
now
in
it
the
two
kingdoms
of
England
and
Scotland
:
wherein
are
forue
seuerall
languages
:
that
is
,
the
English
,
which
the
ciuill
Scots
doe
barbarously
speake
;
the
Welsh
tongue
,
which
is
the
language
of
the
olde
Britaines
;
the
Cornish
,
which
is
the
proper
speech
of
Cornewall
;
and
the
Irish
,
which
is
spoken
by
those
Scots
which
liue
on
the
West
parte
of
Scotland
neare
vnto
Ireland
.
The
commodities
of
England
,
and
pleasures
are
well
knowne
vnto
vs
,
and
many
of
them
may
be
expressed
in
this
verse
:
Anglia
,
Mons
,
Pons
,
Fons
,
Ecclesia
,
foemina
,
lana
.
This
countrie
,
which
in
olde
time
was
inhabited
by
the
Britaines
,
was
entered
vpon
by
the
Romaines
,
first
vnder
Iulius
Caesar
,
and
was
long
by
them
kept
in
subiection
but
it
was
an
error
in
them
,
when
they
wrote
that
England
would
breede
nor
keepe
no
Wolfe
.
It
was
afterwarde
ouerrunne
,
and
possessed
by
the
Saxons
:
of
whome
,
7.
kings
at
once
did
raigne
here
.
After
that
the
Danes
out
of
Denmarke
did
inuade
it
,
and
much
molest
it
.
And
lastly
,
vnder
the
leading
of
their
Duke
William
,
the
Normans
did
conquere
it
,
and
established
that
gouernement
,
which
to
this
day
doth
continue
.
And
from
whome
,
as
from
the
Conquerour
our
ordinarie
computation
is
deriued
.
The
Scots
were
in
times
past
a
most
barbarous
people
,
of
whome
Saint
Ierome
reporteth
:
that
he
sawe
some
of
them
in
his
time
in
France
to
feede
on
mans
flesh
.
They
were
neuer
wholy
conquered
by
the
Romaines
.
There
be
very
many
little
Ilandes
adioyning
vnto
the
great
Iland
Britanie
.
As
at
the
very
North-point
of
Scotland
the
Orchades
,
which
are
in
number
aboue
30.
The
chiefe
whereof
,
is
named
Orkney
:
where
the
people
are
barbarous
,
On
the
West-side
of
Scotland
towardes
Ireland
,
lye
the
Ilandes
called
Hebreides
:
where
inhabite
the
people
ordinarily
tearmed
the
Redshankes
.
Not
farre
from
thence
,
is
the
Ile
Mona
,
commonly
called
The
I
le
of
Man
.
The
peculiar
iurisdiction
of
the
Earles
of
Darbie
,
with
homage
notwithstanding
reserued
vnto
the
crowne
of
England
.
On
the
North-part
of
Wales
,
is
the
Iland
of
Anglesey
:
which
is
reputed
a
distinct
shiere
towardes
France
side
:
on
the
South
part
of
England
,
is
the
Ile
of
Wight
:
in
Latine
called
Vectis
:
which
is
a
good
holde
in
the
narrowe
seas
against
the
French
.
More
neare
Fraunce
,
are
the
Iles
of
Garnesey
,
and
Iernesey
,
where
they
speake
French
,
and
are
vnder
the
crowne
of
England
.
There
be
also
many
other
,
but
of
small
accompt
.
De
Insulis
in
Mari
Mediterraneum
.
THere
be
many
Ilandes
in
the
Mediterran
,
renowmed
in
the
olde
writers
:
but
the
chiefe
of
them
onely
shall
be
touched
.
From
the
pillers
of
Hercules
going
Eastwarde
,
are
two
Ilands
not
farre
from
Spaine
:
which
in
times
past
were
called
Insulae
Baleares
,
for
that
the
people
oft
then
did
vse
,
both
for
their
delight
and
armour
,
Slings
which
they
continually
almost
carried
aboute
them
.
And
whereunto
,
as
Plinie
writeth
:
they
did
traine
vp
their
children
from
their
yo●●●●st
yeares
.
Not
giuing
them
any
meate
,
till
they
had
from
some
Post
or
Beame
cast
it
downe
with
a
sling
.
Of
these
were
those
Funditories
,
or
Sling-casters
,
which
the
Carthaginians
,
and
Spaniards
did
vse
in
their
warres
against
the
Romanes
.
The
lesser
of
these
which
lieth
most
West
,
was
called
in
olde
time
Minorica
:
and
at
this
day
Minorica
.
The
bigger
which
lieth
more
East
,
was
called
Maiorica
:
and
now
Maiorica
.
They
are
both
vnder
the
dominion
of
the
King
of
Spaine
.
More
Eastward
in
the
sea
called
Mare
Inferum
,
or
Tyrrhenum
,
lieth
the
Iland
of
Corsica
ouer
against
Genua
,
and
direct
Southward
from
thence
,
lyeth
the
great
Iland
Sardinia
:
Forthe
quiet
possessing
of
which
two
,
the
warres
were
oftentimes
reuiued
betweene
the
olde
Carthaginians
and
the
Romanes
.
For
these
two
Ilands
lie
in
the
middle
very
fitly
.
For
both
these
are
also
at
this
day
vnder
the
King
of
Spaine
.
And
were
the
same
which
latelie
the
Cardinall
of
Lourain
would
perswade
the
old
king
of
Nauarre
in
France
,
that
if
hee
woulde
leaue
his
religion
,
and
become
a
Papist
,
the
Spanish
king
should
yeeld
him
either
Sardinia
,
or
at
the
loast
Corsica
,
in
recompence
of
Pampilona
,
and
the
rest
of
the
kingdome
of
Nauarre
,
which
the
Spaniards
by
force
did
detaine
from
him
.
Farther
yet
to
the
East
,
at
the
verie
poynt
of
the
South-part
of
Italy
,
lieth
the
great
Iland
of
Sicilia
,
which
some
haue
supposed
to
haue
beene
heretofore
a
part
of
the
continent
:
but
by
an
earth-quake
and
inundation
of
water
,
to
haue
bin
rent
off
,
and
so
made
an
Ileland
.
The
figure
of
this
Country
,
is
Triquetra
,
or
triangle
three-square
.
There
was
also
great
contention
for
the
Countrie
betweene
the
Carthaginians
and
the
Romanes
:
but
the
Romanes
obtayned
it
,
and
had
from
thence
exceeding
store
of
corne
yearelie
:
whereupon
,
Cicilie
was
called
Horreum
P.
Romani
.
Here
stoode
the
goodly
citie
called
Siracusa
,
which
was
destroyed
and
sacked
by
Marcellus
the
Romane
.
This
was
in
times
past
a
kingdom
,
where
the
two
tyrants
,
the
elder
and
the
yonger
Dionisius
did
reigne
:
where
Hiero
also
,
that
great
friend
to
the
Romanes
did
remaine
.
It
was
afterward
made
a
prouince
,
and
gouerned
by
a
Praetor
,
or
Deputie
of
the
Romanes
:
whereof
,
Verres
was
one
so
inueighed
against
by
Tullie
.
It
grew
afterwards
to
be
a
kingdome
againe
:
insomuch
,
that
Tancredus
was
King
of
Cicilia
,
who
went
to
the
taking
of
Ierusalem
with
Richard
the
second
,
king
of
England
.
Here
was
likewise
Phalaris
the
tyrant
so
famous
,
king
of
Agrigentum
.
This
Countrey
is
now
also
vnder
the
King
of
Spaine
:
who
among
other
titles
,
calleth
himselfe
king
of
both
the
Cicilies
,
reckoning
this
Iland
for
one
,
and
that
part
of
Italie
for
another
,
which
is
nowe
called
Calabria
:
and
was
in
the
Romane
hystories
named
Maegna
Graecia
.
There
is
nothing
more
renowmed
in
all
Cicilia
,
either
with
the
newe
or
olde
writers
,
then
the
mountaine
Aetna
:
which
beeing
on
the
out-side
often
couered
with
snow
,
yet
by
a
sulphurie
,
or
brimstonie
water
,
doth
continuallie
burne
within
:
yea
,
so
that
whereas
it
was
supposed
in
the
ages
last
before
vs
,
that
the
matter
beeing
consumed
,
the
fire
had
ceased
:
twise
in
our
age
it
hath
broke
foorth
againe
,
to
the
intollerable
losse
of
all
the
Countrie
adioyning
:
the
ashes
thereof
,
destroying
townes
and
fruites
which
were
within
the
compasse
of
manie
myles
about
.
This
is
that
place
whither
Empedocles
threwe
himselfe
,
that
hee
might
bee
reputed
a
God
.
This
is
it
whereof
Virgill
doth
make
his
tract
called
Aenea
,
which
the
Poets
did
report
to
be
the
shop
of
Vulcan
:
where
the
Cyclops
did
frame
the
thunderbolts
for
Iupiter
:
and
to
conclude
,
this
is
it
which
some
of
our
grosse
Papists
haue
not
feared
to
imagine
to
be
the
place
of
Purgatorie
.
Not
farre
South
from
Cicilie
,
lieth
the
little
Iland
called
in
old
time
Melite
,
whence
those
dogs
come
,
which
were
so
much
desired
vnder
the
name
of
Canes
Melitenses
.
This
is
the
countrie
where
S.
Paul
was
cast
vp
,
after
his
shipwracke
in
his
iourney
to
Rome
:
where
the
Viper
hanged
on
his
hand
,
and
did
not
hurt
him
.
This
Countrie
is
now
called
Malta
,
and
is
one
of
the
places
most
renowmed
in
the
worlde
,
for
the
repelling
of
the
Turkes
:
when
Soliman
the
Emperour
of
them
,
did
send
agaynst
it
a
most
mightie
armie
.
It
was
then
defended
by
those
,
who
are
called
the
knights
of
Malta
:
which
by
sea
,
doe
great
spoile
to
the
gallies
of
the
Turke
that
passe
that
way
.
Neare
vnto
Graecia
and
Peloponnesus
:
on
the
West-side
toward
Italie
,
is
the
Ile
Corcyra
,
nowe
tearmed
Corfue
:
and
not
far
South
from
that
,
is
Cephalonia
,
and
from
thence
South
is
Zant
:
called
by
Virgill
Nemorisa
Zazinthus
:
all
which
Ilands
haue
beene
heretofore
vnder
the
Venetians
:
but
are
now
vnder
the
Turke
.
In
Zazinthus
,
our
English
marchants
haue
an
house
of
abode
for
their
trafique
.
Southeast
from
Morea
,
lieth
the
great
Iland
Creta
,
where
Minos
sometime
did
raigne
,
so
famous
for
his
seueritie
.
This
countrie
was
then
called
Hecatompolis
,
as
hauing
in
it
an
hundred
townes
and
cities
.
The
Turkes
haue
wonne
this
also
long
since
from
the
Venetians
:
it
is
now
called
Candie
,
from
whence
commeth
our
ordinarie
sugar
of
Candie
.
Betweene
Creta
and
Peloponnesus
lieth
Cythera
,
where
was
the
fine
Temple
of
Venus
:
who
thereof
by
the
Poets
,
is
called
Cytherea
.
The
Ilandes
are
many
,
which
doe
lie
in
the
sea
called
Mare
Aegeum
,
from
the
bottome
of
Greece
,
vnto
the
top
of
the
Hellispont
:
as
all
the
Cyclades
,
Euboea
,
the
great
Iland
Samos
,
and
Chios
,
so
Scyro
,
where
Achilles
was
borne
,
and
was
king
of
that
countrie
.
There
was
also
Lesbos
,
&
Lemnos
,
Metilene
,
and
Ithaca
,
where
Vlisses
was
king
,
and
Andros
,
whether
Themistocles
was
sent
by
the
Athenians
for
tribute
:
of
which
places
,
something
may
be
read
in
the
olde
historie
of
the
Greekes
:
Diuers
of
these
did
striue
that
Homer
was
borne
in
them
:
but
of
certaintie
,
many
of
those
kinges
which
Homer
saith
,
came
with
Agamemnon
to
the
siege
of
Troye
:
were
kings
but
of
these
small
Ilands
.
Eastward
from
thence
,
not
farre
from
some
parte
of
Natolia
,
or
Asia
the
lesse
,
is
the
Iland
Rhodus
:
the
friendship
of
the
inhabitants
whereof
,
was
in
auntient
time
very
much
desired
by
the
Princes
that
had
to
doe
that
way
.
So
that
Alexander
first
,
and
the
Romaines
afterwardes
did
embrace
their
league
.
Here
was
that
huge
and
mightie
image
of
the
Sunne
,
which
was
Cholossus
Rhodius
,
This
countrie
was
long
defended
by
those
,
who
were
called
the
Knightes
of
the
Rhodes
,
against
the
power
of
the
Turke
;
and
it
was
a
great
bulwarke
,
to
defend
Christendome
:
till
that
in
the
yeare
one
thousand
fiue
hundred
twentie
and
two
:
Solimon
the
great
Turke
did
winne
it
from
the
Christians
by
force
.
From
thence
Southward
,
is
the
Ile
of
Carpathus
:
but
in
the
farther
end
of
the
East
parte
of
the
Mediterraneum
is
Cyprus
,
which
about
300.
yeares
since
was
a
kingdome
,
&
did
afforde
great
aide
to
the
Christians
,
that
went
to
conquer
the
Holy
land
:
but
it
is
now
vnder
the
Turke
.
The
chiefe
Citie
thereof
is
Famagusta
,
which
is
an
Archbishoppes
sea
:
for
Christians
for
their
tribute
doe
yet
liue
there
.
In
this
countrey
in
olde
time
was
Venus
much
honoured
,
and
thereof
it
was
called
Cypria
,
as
also
Paphia
:
because
shee
had
a
Temple
in
a
Citie
there
called
Paphos
.
Neare
vnto
Siria
stood
the
Iland
Tirus
,
against
the
pride
whereof
,
the
Prophets
doe
so
much
speake
.
This
was
a
rich
citie
for
merchandise
and
nauigation
in
olde
time
,
and
is
the
place
from
whence
Dido
and
the
builders
of
Carthage
did
come
.
The
destruction
of
it
is
most
famous
by
Alexander
the
greate
.
Of
the
rest
of
the
small
Ilandes
,
wee
doe
say
nothing
.
De
insulis
in
Mare
Indico
.
THe
Ilandes
are
very
many
that
doe
lie
in
the
seas
adioyning
to
the
East
Indies
:
but
the
most
famous
among
them
shall
be
touched
.
Among
the
olde
writers
,
as
especially
appeareth
by
Solinis
,
was
well
knowne
that
which
was
then
called
Taprobana
,
which
lieth
vnder
the
Equinoctiall
line
.
It
was
in
that
time
a
Maonarchy
,
where
the
Kings
raigned
,
not
by
succession
,
but
by
election
:
and
if
any
of
them
did
grow
intollerable
,
he
was
deposed
,
and
inforced
to
die
,
with
withdrawing
from
him
all
things
necessary
.
This
is
nowe
called
Sumatra
,
and
hath
in
it
diuers
Kings
.
Not
far
from
thence
lye
Eastward
the
two
Ilandes
called
Iaua
maior
,
and
Iaua
minor
:
which
were
also
known
to
the
olde
writers
,
they
haue
also
in
them
diuers
Kings
,
as
in
generall
may
be
noted
,
that
all
the
East
part
,
either
in
the
continent
,
or
in
the
Iland
,
haue
very
many
small
Kinges
and
kingdomes
.
From
thence
yet
more
East
,
lieth
a
great
number
of
Iles
,
which
are
now
called
the
Moluccoes
,
which
are
places
as
rich
for
their
quantity
as
anie
in
the
world
.
From
these
it
is
,
that
the
Spaniards
haue
yearely
so
greate
quantitie
of
all
kindes
of
spice
:
neither
is
there
any
place
of
all
the
East
Indies
that
do
more
richly
furnish
home
their
caractes
then
do
these
Moluccoes
.
Some
of
these
Ilandes
,
the
Spaniards
haue
gotte
into
their
owne
possession
:
with
the
Kings
of
some
other
they
haue
league
:
and
a
third
sorte
vtterly
detest
them
.
More
North-ward
ouer
against
China
,
lieth
a
greate
Iland
called
Iapona
or
Iapan
:
the
people
whereof
,
are
much
of
the
same
nature
with
the
men
of
China
.
This
countrey
was
first
discouered
by
the
Iesuites
,
who
in
a
blinde
zeale
haue
trauailed
vnto
the
farthest
partes
of
the
worlde
,
to
winne
men
to
their
religion
;
this
Ilande
is
thought
to
bee
very
rich
.
The
rest
that
bee
either
neare
vnto
Asia
,
or
vnto
Africa
,
because
there
is
little
written
of
them
we
passe
ouer
.
De
Insulis
in
Mari
Atlantico
.
THere
bee
many
Ilands
which
lie
West-ward
from
Africa
,
and
from
Europe
,
as
those
which
are
called
the
Gorgades
,
that
lie
in
the
same
climate
with
Guinea
,
which
are
foure
in
number
:
but
not
inhabited
by
men
:
but
they
are
full
of
Goates
.
North-ward
from
thence
in
the
same
clymate
with
the
South-parte
of
Marocco
,
lie
those
which
are
called
Canariae
,
or
the
fortunate
Ilandes
,
which
are
seuen
in
nomber
,
being
most
fruitfull
and
very
pleasant
:
and
therefore
called
by
that
name
.
This
is
famous
in
them
that
it
hath
pleased
all
Cosmographers
to
make
their
Meridiane
to
be
the
first
poynte
where
they
doe
beginne
to
reckon
the
computation
of
their
longitude
,
and
vnto
them
after
three
hundred
and
threescore
degrees
,
to
returne
againe
.
From
these
Ilandes
it
is
that
those
strong
and
pleasant
sackes
which
are
called
Canari
wines
are
brought
,
and
from
thence
are
fetched
those
which
they
call
Canarie
Birdes
:
these
Ilandes
are
vnder
the
Crowne
of
Spaine
.
More
Northward
from
thence
,
lye
these
Ilandes
which
are
called
Azotes
insulae
,
being
sixe
or
seuen
in
number
:
of
which
Tercera
is
one
of
the
chiefe
:
of
whome
,
the
rest
by
some
are
called
the
Terceraes
,
which
are
farre
inferiour
in
fruitfulnesse
vnto
the
Canaries
,
these
were
first
vnder
the
Crowne
of
Portugale
:
and
one
of
them
was
the
last
which
was
kept
out
from
the
King
of
Spaine
by
the
Prior
don
Antonio
:
who
now
calleth
himselfe
King
of
Portugale
:
but
the
Spaniard
at
the
last
tooke
this
Tercera
from
him
,
and
doeth
possesse
all
these
Ilandes
tagether
with
the
rest
of
the
dominion
,
which
did
belong
to
the
Portingale
.
De
America
siue
Orbe
nouo
.
ALthough
some
dispute
out
of
Plato
,
and
the
olde
writers
that
there
was
not
onely
a
gesse
,
but
a
kinde
of
knowledge
in
auntient
time
,
that
besides
Europia
,
Asia
,
and
Africa
:
there
was
another
large
countrey
lying
to
the
West
,
yet
he
that
shall
aduisedly
vse
the
coniectures
made
therevpon
,
may
see
that
there
is
nothing
of
sufficiencie
to
enforce
any
such
knowledge
;
but
that
all
antiquitie
was
vtterly
ignorant
of
the
newe
founde
countries
towarde
the
West
:
whereunto
this
one
argument
most
forcible
may
giue
credite
:
that
at
the
first
ariuing
of
the
Spaniards
there
,
they
founde
in
those
partes
nothing
shewing
trafique
or
knowledge
of
any
other
Nation
:
but
the
people
naked
,
vnciuill
,
some
of
them
deuourers
of
mans
flesh
,
ignorant
of
shipping
,
without
all
kinde
of
learning
,
hauing
no
remembrance
of
historie
or
writing
among
them
,
neuer
hauing
heard
of
any
such
religion
as
in
other
places
of
the
world
is
knowne
:
but
being
vtterly
ignorant
of
Scripture
,
or
Christ
,
or
Moyses
,
or
any
God
:
neither
hauing
among
them
any
token
of
crosse
,
Church
,
Temple
,
or
deuotion
,
agreeing
with
other
Nations
.
God
therefore
remembring
the
prophecie
of
his
sonne
,
that
the
Gospell
of
the
kingdome
should
before
the
day
of
iudgement
be
preached
in
all
coastes
and
quarters
of
the
worlde
:
and
in
his
mercie
intending
to
free
the
people
,
or
at
the
least
some
fewe
of
them
from
the
bondage
of
Sathan
:
who
did
detaine
them
in
blockish
ignoraunce
,
and
from
their
Idolatrous
seruice
,
vnto
certaine
vile
spirites
,
whome
they
called
their
Zemes
,
and
most
obsequiously
did
adore
them
:
and
raised
vp
the
spirit
of
a
man
worthie
of
perpetuall
memorie
:
one
Christophorus
Columbus
,
borne
at
Genua
in
Italie
,
to
set
his
minde
to
the
discouery
of
a
new
worlde
,
Who
finding
by
that
compasse
of
the
olde
knowne
worlde
,
that
there
must
needes
bee
a
much
more
mightie
space
,
which
the
sun
by
his
dayly
motion
did
compasse
aboute
,
then
that
which
was
alreadie
knowne
and
discouered
:
and
conceiuing
that
this
huge
quantitie
,
might
as
well
by
land
as
sea
,
could
neuer
satisfie
himselfe
,
till
that
hee
might
attempt
to
make
proofe
of
the
veritie
thereof
.
Being
therefore
himselfe
a
priuate
man
,
and
of
more
vertue
then
abilitie
.
After
his
reasons
and
demonstrations
layd
downe
:
whereby
hee
might
enduce
men
,
that
it
was
no
vaine
thing
which
he
went
about
.
Hee
went
vnto
many
of
the
Princes
of
Christendome
:
and
among
other
,
vnto
Henrie
the
seuenth
,
then
King
of
England
:
desiring
to
bee
furnished
with
shipping
and
men
fitte
for
such
a
nauigation
.
But
these
men
refusing
him
:
parly
,
because
they
gaue
no
credite
vnto
his
newe
narration
:
and
partly
,
least
they
should
be
derided
by
their
neighbour
Princes
,
if
by
this
Genoway
stranger
they
should
be
cousoned
:
but
especiallie
,
for
that
they
were
vnwilling
to
sustaine
the
charges
of
shipping
.
At
last
hee
betaketh
himselfe
vnto
the
court
of
Ferdinandus
and
Elizabeth
King
and
Queene
of
Castile
:
where
also
at
the
first
,
hee
sound
but
colde
entertainment
:
yet
persisting
in
his
purpose
without
wearinesse
,
and
with
great
importunitie
:
it
pleased
God
to
moue
the
minde
of
Elizabeth
the
Queene
,
to
deale
with
her
husbande
to
furnish
him
foorth
two
shippes
for
the
discouerie
onely
,
and
not
for
conquest
.
Whereupon
,
Columbus
in
the
yeare
1492.
accompanied
with
his
brother
Bartholomeus
Columbus
,
and
manie
Spaniards
:
sayled
farre
to
the
West
,
for
the
space
of
three
score
dayes
and
more
,
with
the
great
indignation
and
often
mutinies
of
his
companie
:
fearing
that
by
reason
of
their
long
distance
from
home
,
they
should
neuer
returne
againe
.
In
so
much
,
that
the
generall
,
after
many
perswasions
of
them
to
goe
forwarde
,
was
at
length
enforced
to
craue
but
three
dayes
:
wherein
,
if
they
sawe
not
land
,
he
promised
to
returne
;
and
God
did
so
blesse
him
,
to
the
end
that
this
voyage
might
not
prooue
in
vaine
,
that
in
that
space
,
one
of
his
companie
did
espie
fire
:
which
was
a
certaine
arguments
that
they
were
neare
to
the
land
,
as
it
sell
out
in
deede
.
The
first
land
whereunto
they
came
was
an
Iland
,
called
by
the
enhabitants
Haity
.
But
in
remembrance
of
Spaine
from
whence
he
came
:
he
tearmed
it
Hispaniola
,
and
finding
it
to
bee
a
countrie
full
of
pleasure
,
and
hauing
in
it
aboundaunce
of
gold
and
pearle
,
he
proceeded
farther
,
and
discouered
another
bigge
I
le
which
is
called
Cuba
,
of
the
which
beeing
verie
glad
,
with
great
treasure
,
hee
returned
into
Spaine
,
bringing
ioyfull
newes
of
his
happie
successe
.
The
Spaniards
who
by
nature
are
a
people
proude
,
haue
since
the
death
of
Columbus
,
laboured
to
obscure
his
fame
,
enuying
that
an
Italian
or
stranger
should
be
reported
to
be
the
first
discouerer
of
those
parts
,
and
therefore
haue
in
their
writings
since
giuen
forth
:
that
there
was
a
Spaniard
which
had
first
beene
there
,
and
that
Columbus
meeting
with
his
cards
and
descriptions
,
did
but
pursue
his
enterprise
,
and
assume
the
glorie
to
himselfe
.
But
this
fable
of
theirs
doth
sauour
of
the
same
spirite
,
wherewithall
many
of
them
in
his
life
time
did
reproach
him
,
that
it
was
no
matter
of
importance
to
find
out
these
countries
:
but
that
if
he
had
not
done
it
,
many
other
might
,
and
would
:
which
being
spoken
to
Columbus
at
a
solemne
dinner
,
he
called
for
an
egge
,
and
willed
all
the
guests
one
after
another
to
set
it
vp
on
end
,
which
when
they
could
not
do
,
he
gently
bruising
the
one
ende
of
it
,
did
make
it
flat
,
and
so
set
it
vp
:
by
imitation
whereof
,
each
of
the
other
did
the
same
:
whereby
he
mildlie
did
reproach
their
enuie
toward
him
,
and
shewed
how
easie
it
was
to
do
that
which
a
man
had
seene
done
before
him
.
To
go
forward
therefore
,
Columbus
being
returned
to
Castile
,
after
his
welcome
to
the
Princes
,
was
made
great
Admirall
of
Spaine
,
and
with
a
new
fleete
of
more
shippes
,
was
sent
to
search
farther
,
which
he
accordingly
did
,
and
quickly
found
the
maine
land
,
not
farre
off
from
the
Tropicke
of
Cancer
,
which
part
of
the
countrie
,
in
honour
of
Spaine
,
hee
called
Hispania
noua
,
and
in
respect
whereof
at
this
day
the
King
of
Spaine
doth
entitle
himselfe
Hispaniaram
Rex
.
They
found
the
people
both
of
the
maine
land
and
Ilandes
verie
exceeding
in
number
:
naked
without
cloathes
or
armour
:
sowing
no
corne
,
but
making
their
breade
of
a
kinde
of
roote
which
they
call
Maies
.
Men
most
ignorant
of
all
kinde
of
learning
:
admiring
the
Christians
as
if
they
had
beene
sent
downe
from
heauen
,
and
thinking
them
to
be
immortall
:
wondering
at
their
Shippes
,
and
the
tackeling
thereof
:
for
they
had
no
shippes
of
their
owne
:
but
bigge
troughes
which
they
call
their
Canoaes
:
beeing
made
hollowe
of
the
bodie
of
one
Tree
,
with
the
sharpe
bones
of
fishes
:
for
iron
,
or
such
like
instruments
they
haue
none
.
The
Spaniardes
did
here
finde
the
people
to
bee
most
simple
,
without
fraude
,
giuing
them
kinde
entertainement
according
to
their
best
manner
,
exchanging
for
kniues
,
glasses
,
and
such
like
toyes
,
great
aboundance
of
golde
and
pearle
.
The
desire
whereof
,
caused
the
Spaniards
to
seeke
farther
into
the
countries
:
but
the
tyrannie
and
couetousnesse
of
the
Spariards
was
such
,
in
taking
from
them
their
goods
,
in
deflouring
their
wiues
and
daughters
:
but
especially
,
in
forcing
them
to
labour
in
their
golde
mines
without
measure
,
as
if
they
had
beene
beasts
:
that
the
people
detesting
them
,
and
the
name
of
Christians
for
their
sakes
,
did
some
of
them
kill
themselues
,
and
the
mothers
destroyed
their
children
in
their
bellies
,
that
they
might
not
be
borne
to
serue
so
hatefull
a
Nation
:
and
some
of
them
did
in
warre
conspire
against
them
:
so
that
by
slaughter
and
otherwise
,
the
people
of
the
countrie
are
almost
all
wasted
nowe
within
an
hundred
yeeres
,
beeing
before
many
millions
:
those
which
remaine
are
as
slaues
,
and
the
Spaniards
almost
onely
doe
inhabit
those
parts
.
By
reason
that
the
countrie
is
exceeding
rich
and
fruitfull
,
the
Spaniards
with
great
desire
did
spreade
themselues
toward
the
North
,
where
they
founde
more
resistance
:
although
nothing
in
comparison
of
warriours
:
but
the
greattest
of
their
labour
was
,
for
to
conquere
the
kingdome
of
Mexico
:
which
Mexico
,
is
a
Citie
verie
great
and
populous
,
as
almost
any
in
the
worlde
,
standing
in
the
midst
of
a
great
marish
or
fenne
.
The
conquerour
of
this
,
was
Ferdinandus
Cortesius
,
so
much
renowmed
in
Spaine
vnto
this
day
.
In
the
sea
coastes
of
all
this
Noua
Hispania
the
Kings
of
Spaine
haue
built
many
townes
,
and
Castles
,
and
therein
haue
erected
diuerse
fornaces
and
forges
,
for
the
trying
and
sining
of
their
golde
.
De
partibus
Americae
versus
Septentrionem
.
THe
rumour
of
the
discouerie
of
these
partes
beeing
blowne
ouer
Christendome
:
and
the
great
quantitie
of
the
land
,
together
with
the
fruitfulnesse
thereof
,
being
reported
abroad
,
some
other
Nation
did
enterprise
to
set
foot
therein
:
as
namely
the
Frenchmen
,
who
sent
certaine
ships
vnto
a
part
of
this
counttie
,
lying
North
from
Hispania
noua
,
some
fewe
degrees
without
the
Tropicke
of
Cancer
:
into
which
when
they
had
ariued
because
of
the
continuall
greennesse
of
the
ground
,
and
trees
,
as
if
it
had
beene
a
perpetuall
spring
,
they
called
it
Florida
;
where
after
some
fewe
of
them
had
for
a
time
setled
themselues
,
the
Spaniards
tooke
notice
of
it
,
and
being
vnwilling
to
endure
any
such
neighbours
,
they
came
suddainlie
on
them
,
and
most
cruelly
slue
them
all
,
without
taking
any
ransome
,
yet
the
Spaniards
for
want
of
men
are
not
able
to
inhabit
that
countries
,
but
leaue
it
to
the
olde
people
.
The
Englishmen
also
desirous
by
nauigation
to
adde
something
vnto
their
owne
countrie
,
as
before
time
they
had
trauailed
toward
the
farthest
North
part
of
America
,
so
lately
finding
that
part
which
lieth
betweene
Florida
,
and
Noua
Francia
,
was
not
inhabited
by
any
Christians
,
and
was
a
land
verie
fruitfull
and
fit
to
plant
in
,
they
sent
thither
two
seuerall
times
,
two
seuerall
companies
,
as
Colonies
to
inhabit
that
part
,
which
in
remembrance
of
the
virginity
of
their
Queene
,
they
named
Virginia
.
But
this
voyage
beeing
interprised
on
the
charge
of
priuate
men
:
and
not
thorowlie
being
followed
by
the
State
:
the
possession
of
this
Virginia
is
nowe
discontinued
,
and
the
countrie
at
this
present
left
to
the
old
inhabitants
.
Northward
from
thence
on
the
sea-coast
,
lieth
Norombega
,
which
is
the
South-parte
of
that
which
the
Frenchmen
did
without
disturbance
of
any
Christian
for
a
time
possesse
.
For
the
French-men
did
discouer
a
large
part
of
America
,
on
toward
the
circle
Arctick
,
and
did
build
there
some
townes
,
and
named
it
of
their
owne
countrie
,
Noua
Francia
.
The
Enlish-men
about
the
yeare
1570.
did
aduenture
farre
,
for
to
open
the
North
partes
of
America
,
and
sayled
as
farre
as
the
very
circle
Arcticke
,
hoping
for
to
haue
found
a
passage
by
the
North
to
the
Moluccos
,
and
to
China
,
which
hitherto
,
neither
by
the
North
of
Asia
,
nor
by
the
North
of
America
,
could
bee
effected
by
them
,
by
reason
of
the
verie
great
colde
and
yse
in
that
clymate
.
The
rest
of
the
inland
beeing
an
huge
space
of
earth
,
hath
not
hitherto
by
any
Christian
to
any
purpose
beene
discouered
:
but
by
those
neare
the
sea-coasts
it
may
bee
gathered
,
that
they
all
which
doe
there
inhabite
:
are
men
rude
and
vnciuill
,
without
knowledge
of
God
.
Yet
on
the
North-west
part
of
America
,
some
of
our
English-men
going
through
the
straightes
of
Magellan
,
and
passing
toward
the
North
by
Hispania
noua
,
haue
touched
on
a
Countrie
where
they
found
good
entertainement
:
the
King
thereof
yeelding
himselfe
to
the
subiection
of
the
Queene
of
England
:
whervpon
they
tearmed
it
Noua
Albion
.
De
Peru
&
Brasilia
.
WHen
the
Portingales
had
first
begun
their
nauigation
by
Africa
vnto
the
East
Indies
;
some
of
them
intending
to
haue
helde
their
course
Eastwarde
vnto
Caput
bone
spei
,
were
driuen
so
farre
West-ward
by
tempest
,
that
they
landed
in
a
large
and
great
countrey
,
which
by
a
generall
name
,
is
called
Brasilia
:
where
they
began
to
enter
trafique
,
and
with
Townes
and
Castles
to
plant
themselues
,
before
that
the
Spaniardes
had
discouered
Peru
,
which
is
the
South
parte
of
America
.
So
that
at
this
day
,
whatsoeuer
the
King
of
Spaine
hath
in
Brasilia
,
it
is
in
right
of
the
crowne
of
Portingale
.
The
countrie
is
large
,
hauing
in
it
many
people
and
seuerall
kingdomes
which
are
not
all
possessed
by
the
Portingals
:
but
so
,
that
other
Christians
,
as
namely
the
Frenchmen
,
being
driuen
out
of
their
countrie
for
religion
,
haue
set
footing
there
:
though
afterwardes
againe
they
haue
abandoned
it
.
The
inhabitants
hereof
,
are
men
also
vtterly
vnlearned
,
but
men
more
ingenious
then
the
common
sorte
of
the
Americans
:
goodly
of
bodie
,
and
straight
of
proportion
,
going
alwayes
naked
,
reasonable
good
warriours
after
their
countrie
fashion
;
vsing
to
fat
such
enemies
as
they
take
in
the
warres
,
that
afterwardes
they
may
deuoure
them
,
which
they
doe
with
great
pleasure
.
For
diuers
of
the
people
of
these
quarters
,
as
the
Caribles
and
the
Canibals
are
all
eaters
of
mans
flesh
,
In
this
countrie
groweth
aboundance
of
that
wood
,
which
since
is
brought
into
Europe
for
to
dye
red
colours
,
and
is
of
the
place
whence
it
commeth
,
called
Brazil-wood
,
the
trees
whereof
are
exceeding
great
.
After
that
the
Spaniardes
had
for
a
time
possessed
Hispania
noua
,
for
the
desire
of
gold
and
pearle
,
some
of
them
trauelled
towardes
the
South
.
And
as
by
water
they
found
that
sea
Westward
from
Peru
(
which
is
alwayes
very
calme
,
and
is
by
them
called
the
South-sea
,
as
the
other
wherein
Cuba
standeth
,
is
termed
the
North-sea
)
so
by
land
,
they
founde
that
huge
&
mightie
countrie
which
is
named
Peru
:
wherein
the
people
are
for
the
most
parte
very
barbarous
,
and
without
God
,
men
of
great
stature
;
yea
,
some
of
them
farre
higher
then
the
ordinarie
sorte
of
men
in
France
,
vsing
to
shoote
strongly
with
bowes
made
of
fishe
bones
,
and
most
cruell
people
to
their
enemies
.
Among
these
,
the
Spaniards
partly
by
force
,
but
especially
by
perfidious
treason
,
did
get
infinite
summes
of
golde
and
pearle
:
wherein
being
allured
,
and
hoping
for
more
(
by
reason
that
a
great
parte
hereof
lyeth
vnder
the
Zona
Torrida
)
They
haue
heare
and
there
scatteringly
vpon
the
sea-coastes
,
set
vp
some
Townes
and
Castles
;
but
are
not
able
to
possesse
almost
any
thing
of
the
land
:
neither
haue
they
as
yet
discouered
the
inwarde
partes
thereof
.
Some
of
these
Spaniardes
desirous
for
to
see
how
farre
this
land
of
Peru
did
goe
towardes
the
South
,
trauelled
downe
till
at
length
they
founde
the
landes
end
,
and
a
little
straight
or
narrowe
sea
:
which
did
runne
from
the
maine
Ocean
towardes
Africa
into
the
South
sea
.
One
magelanus
was
he
that
found
this
straight
,
and
(
although
it
be
dangerous
)
passed
thorowe
it
:
so
that
of
his
name
,
it
is
called
Fretum
Magelanicum
,
or
Magelanes
straightes
.
And
this
is
the
way
whereby
,
as
the
Spaniards
doe
passe
to
the
backside
of
Peru
,
and
Hispania
noza
,
so
,
whosoeuer
will
compasse
the
whole
worlde
(
as
some
of
our
English
haue
done
)
He
must
of
necessitie
,
for
any
thing
that
is
yet
knowne
,
passe
thorowe
this
narrowe
straight
.
Magellanus
did
finde
on
the
other
side
towards
the
Pole
,
the
maine
continent
:
which
also
the
Portingales
in
their
voyages
to
the
East
Indies
haue
sometimes
bene
driuen
vnto
:
whereof
nothing
is
discouered
,
but
that
in
one
place
they
did
see
aboundance
of
Parats
,
and
greater
then
ordinarie
:
whereof
they
did
call
it
Psittacorum
regio
.
This
is
thought
to
be
a
mightie
huge
countrie
,
conteyning
in
compasse
all
the
degrees
of
longitude
,
in
the
continent
thereof
,
and
is
supposed
to
goe
vnto
the
South
pole
:
By
reason
that
no
sea
is
yet
founde
to
breake
in
,
or
breake
through
the
same
.
There
be
also
described
by
some
of
our
late
writers
,
certaine
great
Landes
towardes
the
North-pole
.
And
our
English-men
in
their
Nauigations
haue
touched
Gronland
:
but
the
nature
of
them
,
and
whether
they
be
such
,
and
so
many
as
is
reported
,
is
not
certainely
knowne
.
FINIS
.