A
DISCOVRSE
CONCERNING
THE
SPANISH
FLEETE
,
INVADING
ENGLAND
IN
THE
YEERE
1588.
ouerthrowen
by
hir
Maiesties
nauie
,
vnder
the
conduction
of
the
Right
honorable
the
L.
CHARLES
HOWARD
being
high
Admirall
of
England
,
written
in
Italian
by
Petruccio
Vbaldino
citizen
of
Florence
.
THE
Quéenes
Maiestie
hauing
diuerse
waies
vnderstood
the
great
and
diligent
preparation
of
the
king
of
Spaine
,
in
diuerse
parts
both
by
land
and
sea
,
not
only
of
the
strongest
ships
of
all
places
within
his
dominions
:
but
also
of
all
sorts
of
prouision
and
munition
necessarie
for
a
mightie
fléete
,
which
was
to
come
from
Spaine
and
Portugall
(
for
the
furnishing
and
better
direction
wherof
he
had
drawen
together
into
the
places
aforesaid
,
the
most
principall
and
ancient
captaines
and
soldiers
,
aswell
of
the
kingdoms
of
Naples
and
Sicilie
,
as
of
Lombardie
and
other
parts
of
Italie
,
and
the
more
remote
parts
of
India
,
as
by
euery
one
was
long
before
verie
euidently
perceiued
,
by
reason
that
the
preparation
of
these
things
togither
with
the
number
of
the
ships
,
mariners
and
soldiors
,
the
diuerse
sorts
and
quantities
of
victuall
,
the
great
number
and
diuers
kinds
of
artillery
,
with
the
sum
of
euery
seueral
kind
,
were
sufficiently
specified
vnto
all
countries
by
certaine
Pamphlets
,
laieng
foorth
at
large
his
whole
intent
:
the
which
Pamphlets
were
printed
and
published
in
Spaine
and
Portugall
,
and
other
prouinces
of
Christendome
,
with
this
title
;
The
most
puissant
and
most
happie
fleete
of
the
king
of
Spayne
,
against
the
Realme
of
England
:
)
Her
maiestie
,
I
say
,
hauing
in
this
maner
receiued
so
open
and
manifest
information
hereof
,
as
also
certaine
intelligence
of
horsemen
and
footemen
sent
in
so
great
number
,
that
they
were
sufficient
for
the
furnishing
of
diuerse
camps
in
the
lowe
Countries
,
vnder
the
gouernment
of
the
duke
of
Parma
his
lieutenant
generall
for
those
prouinces
,
&
withall
knowing
the
multitude
of
the
ships
of
war
,
and
the
possibilitie
that
the
said
king
had
to
transport
his
soldiers
out
off
Flaunders
,
and
land
them
in
England
,
not
sparing
to
giue
out
therevpon
open
and
frée
report
,
that
all
that
prouision
was
for
the
inuasion
and
conquest
of
England
:
And
forsomuch
also
as
at
the
same
time
the
king
himselfe
by
means
of
his
aforesaid
Generall
the
duke
of
Parma
,
pretended
a
certaine
treatie
of
peace
to
be
made
with
her
Maiestie
(
albeit
this
offer
was
in
truth
knowne
in
England
,
not
to
haue
béene
made
but
onely
to
take
aduantage
of
the
time
,
and
to
make
her
Maiesty
negligent
in
preparing
for
her
defence
,
although
she
notwithstanding
desirous
openly
to
declare
her
good
inclination
vnto
that
,
which
is
a
iust
&
christian
commendation
in
a
prudent
Princesse
)
refused
not
in
any
point
this
treatie
&
offer
of
peace
,
greatly
desired
of
all
christian
people
:
and
therfore
for
that
purpose
gaue
commandement
to
certaine
noble
men
of
her
priuie
Counsell
&
others
,
with
certain
Gouernors
of
her
forces
in
Flaunders
,
to
deale
in
this
matter
with
the
commissioners
that
should
be
there
appointed
in
the
name
and
behalfe
of
the
said
king
:
And
our
commissioners
after
their
departure
and
manifest
declaration
that
they
began
to
parle
to
some
purpose
concerning
this
treatie
,
being
driuen
off
a
long
time
to
small
effect
,
and
without
any
manifest
hope
of
agréement
likely
to
ensue
,
vntill
such
time
as
the
Spanish
fléete
was
not
onely
discouered
in
the
English
chanell
,
but
also
withheld
and
brideled
from
their
purpose
in
ioyning
with
the
forces
of
the
duke
of
Parma
,
and
transporting
an
armie
into
England
:
and
finallie
vntill
such
time
as
it
was
inforced
to
withdraw
it selfe
and
séeke
some
better
fortune
in
the
northren
seas
,
being
euery
where
else
vnable
to
make
anie
forceable
resistance
:
Therefore
her
Maiestie
as
well
to
declare
her
propense
readines
,
if
on
their
part
any
sincere
intent
of
peace
had
béene
,
as
her
vigilant
prouidence
not
to
be
deluded
by
so
subtile
and
malicious
an
enemie
,
furnished
her selfe
by
sea
with
a
mightie
fléete
,
and
by
land
with
no
lesse
diligence
to
resist
so
great
forces
as
by
all
nations
were
reported
to
come
against
her
:
For
it
was
neuer
knowne
in
the
memorie
of
man
,
that
so
great
preparation
was
euer
heretofore
at
one
time
made
out
,
either
by
king
Phillip
himselfe
,
or
yet
by
the
emperor
Charles
the
5.
his
father
,
although
his
power
were
much
more
and
his
occasions
of
warre
far
greater
.
The
diligence
therefore
of
the
Englishmen
,
answerable
vnto
the
care
of
the
Prince
,
was
such
and
so
great
,
that
her
Maiestie
was
prouided
of
a
mightie
fléete
to
defend
her
by
sea
from
the
enimie
,
betwéene
the
first
of
Nouember
1587.
and
the
20.
of
December
next
ensuing
,
a
time
in
truth
very
short
for
such
a
prouision
,
in
regard
of
so
many
yéeres
spent
by
the
said
king
in
preparing
of
his
fléete
,
which
notwithstanding
did
shew
of
what
force
it
was
by
experience
afterwards
made
thereof
against
the
English
nauie
,
gathered
togither
within
50.
daies
,
and
prouided
and
most
excellentlie
furnished
of
all
things
necessarie
for
such
a
purpose
.
The
care
&
charge
of
this
nauie
was
commended
vnto
the
right
honorable
Charles
L.
Howard
,
Baron
of
Effingham
,
L.
High
Admiral
of
England
,
who
for
his
place
&
office
,
noble
courage
,
experience
in
martial
affaires
,
and
nobilitie
of
blood
and
descent
,
was
thought
most
fit
&
woorthy
to
be
emploied
in
that
seruice
.
He
had
in
his
companie
a
sufficient
number
of
honorable
,
worshipful
,
and
valiant
personages
,
famous
both
in
respect
of
their
birth
&
the
gifts
of
mind
,
desirous
to
serue
their
Prince
and
Countrie
in
such
a
cause
as
this
,
being
iudged
of
the
whole
English
nation
both
iust
and
necessarie
:
likewise
of
sea-faring
men
and
priuate
soldiors
so
competent
a
number
,
as
might
be
answerable
vnto
the
power
of
so
great
a
Prince
in
so
weightie
a
cause
.
The
L.
High
Admirall
therefore
with
these
forces
kéeping
for
a
season
the
narrow
seas
and
chanell
betwéene
England
and
Flaunders
,
sir
Francis
Drake
knight
,
mentioned
here
also
in
honor
of
his
good
deserts
,
was
by
the
aduice
of
the
Lords
of
the
counsel
&
his
honor
so
commanding
it
,
sent
towards
the
west
parts
with
certaine
of
the
Quéenes
ships
and
others
from
certaine
ports
of
England
thereabout
,
being
in
al
not
aboue
the
number
of
50.
saile
of
all
sorts
,
there
to
attend
the
L.
high
Admirall
his
comming
with
greater
forces
,
if
occasion
should
so
require
.
In
the
meane
season
the
L.
Admirall
with
his
Vice
admirall
the
L.
Henrie
Seymer
,
kept
the
narrow
seas
,
accompanied
with
20.
ships
more
,
verie
well
furnished
at
the
charges
of
the
citizens
of
London
,
besides
manie
other
from
diuerse
parts
on
that
side
of
the
Realme
,
that
lieth
from
the
towne
of
Douer
vp
to
the
northward
,
which
met
all
togither
in
good
order
,
and
well
appointed
for
the
warres
.
And
here
the
Lord
Admirall
vnderstanding
for
a
certaintie
,
that
the
fléete
of
the
enemie
was
alreadie
lanched
and
at
the
sea
,
he
weighed
ancre
,
and
leauing
the
L.
Seymer
with
sufficient
forces
of
the
Quéenes
ships
and
other
vessels
to
watch
what
the
duke
of
Parma
would
do
,
or
was
able
to
vndertake
by
sea
,
and
parting
from
thence
the
21.
of
Maie
1588.
to
the
westward
with
her
Maiesties
nauie
,
and
20.
ships
of
London
,
with
some
others
,
he
arriued
at
Plymouth
the
23.
of
the
same
Moneth
:
where
sir
Francis
Drake
with
50.
saile
which
he
had
vnder
his
charge
,
met
with
the
L.
Admirall
in
very
good
order
.
And
then
the
two
nauies
being
ioyned
togither
into
one
,
the
L.
Admirall
made
sir
Francis
Drake
his
Viceadmirall
.
Arriuing
then
at
Plymouth
,
his
Lordship
presently
gaue
order
for
prouision
of
victuall
for
the
whole
nauie
,
that
it
might
want
nothing
,
that
should
tend
to
the
necessarie
seruice
ensuing
.
The
whole
nauie
was
at
this
present
about
90.
saile
of
all
sorts
.
This
prouision
being
complet
,
he
resolued
with
himselfe
to
put
foorth
to
the
sea
againe
about
the
30.
of
Maie
aforesaid
.
But
the
winde
not
seruing
his
turne
,
he
kept
himselfe
abroad
,
sailing
vp
and
downe
within
the
Sléeue
betwene
Vshant
and
Sillie
,
attending
some
sight
or
report
of
the
enemies
fléete
.
Where
hauing
waited
a
certain
time
,
somwhiles
drawing
neare
to
the
coast
of
France
,
&
somtimes
to
the
coast
of
England
,
he
returned
,
being
thereto
inforced
by
a
great
tempest
,
with
his
whole
nauie
into
the
Port
of
Plymouth
the
6.
of
Iune
to
refresh
his
companie
there
.
In
the
meane
season
there
were
discouered
betwéene
Vshant
and
Sillie
certaine
ships
of
the
Spanish
fléete
,
not
aboue
the
number
of
14.
which
were
knowen
to
be
seuered
from
the
whole
fléete
by
violence
of
the
aforesaid
tempest
.
But
before
they
could
be
encountred
withall
by
any
of
the
English
nauie
,
the
wind
came
about
,
whereby
they
had
opportunitie
to
returne
backe
againe
,
sauing
themselues
from
all
perils
in
their
hauen
called
the
Groine
,
into
the
which
also
the
rest
of
the
Spanish
fléete
was
put
to
prouide
themselues
anew
of
other
things
which
they
wanted
,
and
specially
of
fresh
water
.
Of
this
thing
the
L.
Admirall
had
intelligence
and
aduertisement
from
sundry
parts
,
as
also
that
the
Spanish
fléete
was
by
great
fortune
dispersed
&
seuered
into
diuers
places
,
through
penurie
of
many
and
those
necessarie
things
,
through
diseases
and
mortalitie
of
men
,
although
the
report
hereof
could
not
afterwards
be
verified
,
whereof
the
certain
truth
was
,
that
being
troubled
with
tempest
,
they
were
commanded
to
come
a
shoare
at
the
Groyne
.
The
L.
Admirall
therefore
séeing
the
coast
of
England
and
France
cléere
and
frée
from
all
danger
,
as
by
diligent
search
it
was
vnderstood
,
resolued
by
the
aduise
and
opinion
of
his
counsell
,
to
take
the
aduantage
of
the
next
wind
that
should
blow
from
the
North
,
that
passing
to
the
coast
of
Spaine
he
might
finde
the
enemies
fléet
so
dispersed
in
the
Groine
,
and
in
other
parts
of
Galitia
where
they
had
driuen
by
the
storme
.
This
was
put
in
execution
betwéene
the
8.
and
10.
of
the
same
moneth
,
the
wind
being
then
at
the
North
,
which
within
a
while
changing
vnto
the
South
,
after
that
he
was
come
within
40.
leagues
or
there
about
of
the
coast
of
Spaine
,
made
him
to
cast
a
doubt
of
that
which
afterwards
hapned
indéed
.
For
laying
this
before
him
as
his
principall
care
,
according
to
the
charge
laid
vpon
him
by
her
Maiesty
,
to
be
diligent
and
carefull
for
the
defence
of
the
coast
of
England
,
and
considering
that
with
the
wind
which
was
now
changed
and
very
good
to
make
for
England
,
the
enemy
might
set
out
and
passe
for
England
without
discouery
of
his
fléete
,
he
returned
back
with
the
whole
nauy
,
and
the
12.
of
the
same
moneth
he
arriued
at
Plymouth
,
there
accordingly
to
prouide
himselfe
of
all
that
was
necessarie
.
The
19.
of
Iune
his
honor
had
intelligence
by
a
barke
or
pinnis
,
whose
captaine
was
Thomas
Fleming
,
amongst
other
behinde
him
in
the
Sléeue
for
discouerie
,
that
the
Spanish
fléete
was
discouered
neare
vnto
the
Lyzarde
,
By
these
meanes
the
20.
day
of
Iune
the
L.
Admirall
accompanied
with
54.
ships
,
came
foorth
with
the
same
winde
that
the
enemie
had
from
the
southwest
:
Which
thing
certainly
was
not
estéemed
a
small
thing
to
be
done
,
in
regarde
aswell
of
the
winde
as
of
the
narrownes
of
the
place
it selfe
.
The
Spanish
fléete
being
manifestly
discouered
about
140.
miles
from
Edestone
,
and
cléerely
séene
of
euery
one
toward
the
west
,
and
so
far
off
from
Foye
as
the
English
fléete
was
,
that
is
25.
ordinarie
English
miles
:
the
next
morning
being
the
21.
of
Iune
,
all
the
ships
which
were
now
come
out
of
the
hauen
,
had
gotten
the
winde
of
the
Spaniards
,
and
approching
somewhat
nearer
,
found
that
their
fléete
was
placed
in
battell
araie
,
after
the
maner
of
a
Moone
cressant
,
being
readie
with
her
horns
&
hir
inward
circumference
to
receiue
either
all
,
or
so
manie
of
the
English
nauie
,
as
should
giue
her
the
assault
,
her
hornes
being
extended
in
widenes
about
the
distance
of
8.
miles
,
if
the
information
giuen
haue
not
deceiued
my
pen
.
The
reason
of
their
arraunging
in
this
order
,
arose
vpon
the
foresight
of
the
duke
of
Medina
Sidonia
general
of
the
Spanish
fléet
,
who
approching
the
coast
,
sent
out
a
smal
ship
to
espy
somewhat
concerning
the
English
fléete
,
and
hearing
by
certain
fishermen
taken
prisoners
,
that
our
fléet
was
in
Plymouth
,
he
prepared
himselfe
as
aforesaid
,
for
the
auoiding
of
all
such
chances
as
might
after
befall
.
Whereupon
about
9.
of
the
clocke
before
noone
the
L.
Admirall
commanded
his
Pinnesse
called
the
Disdaine
,
to
giue
the
defiance
vnto
the
duke
of
Medina
:
after
which
he
himselfe
in
the
Quéenes
ship
called
the
Arcke
went
foremost
,
Francis
Drake
,
with
master
Iohn
Hawkins
,
and
master
Martin
Frobisher
fought
with
a
Galeon
of
Portugall
,
wherein
they
thought
Don
Martin
de
Ricaldes
the
Viceadmirall
to
be
.
This
fight
was
so
well
maintained
for
the
time
it
continued
,
that
the
enemie
was
enforced
to
leaue
his
place
,
and
to
giue
waie
gathering
toward
the
East
.
In
the
which
point
of
remouing
,
Don
Pedro
de
Valdes
went
as
captaine
,
falling
foule
with
another
ship
of
their
fléete
was
depriued
of
hir
foremast
,
so
that
she
could
not
follow
the
bodie
of
the
fléete
that
forsooke
her
,
to
the
great
maruel
of
the
English
men
themselues
,
whereby
Don
Pedro
became
prisoner
,
as
afterward
shall
be
declared
.
Through
this
mischance
of
theirs
all
the
vpper
decks
were
blowen
vp
,
all
hir
furniture
marred
,
and
much
other
spoile
done
,
besides
the
death
and
maiming
of
her
men
,
so
that
being
vtterly
vnable
all
that
night
to
helpe
her selfe
,
she
was
succored
by
the
galliasses
,
and
for
the
time
saued
in
the
bodie
of
their
fléete
.
But
to
returne
vnto
our
purpose
.
This
first
skirmish
continued
not
aboue
two
houres
,
bicause
the
L.
Admirall
considering
that
he
wanted
as
yet
40.
ships
which
could
not
so
readily
come
foorth
of
the
hauen
,
thought
he
should
do
better
seruice
if
he
staied
their
comming
before
he
procéeded
any
further
,
beating
behinde
vpon
the
enimie
,
least
he
should
bring
the
rest
too
much
in
hazard
,
and
therfore
he
thought
it
not
profitable
too
much
to
embolden
and
pricke
those
forward
that
he
had
with
him
in
a
matter
that
was
not
greatly
conuenient
,
either
for
the
honor
of
the
Realme
,
or
his
owne
person
,
neither
did
the
militarie
discipline
of
the
English
nation
purchased
by
long
experience
at
the
sea
giue
him
leaue
to
do
it
.
And
therefore
he
put
foorth
his
flagge
to
call
the
other
captaines
to
counsell
,
who
agréeing
vnto
his
determination
,
receiued
instructions
concerning
the
order
that
they
were
to
kéepe
in
following
the
Spanish
fléete
.
Then
hauing
giuen
libertie
to
euery
man
to
returne
to
their
charge
,
he
gaue
order
likewise
to
his
Viceadmirall
sir
Francis
Drake
to
appoint
the
watch
for
that
night
,
and
to
beare
out
the
light
.
The
same
night
the
Spanish
fléete
lay
about
14.
miles
off
from
the
Stert
.
The
next
day
following
early
in
the
morning
it
was
vnder
the
winde
not
so
far
off
as
Berie
.
Francis
Drake
leauing
his
place
to
follow
5.
Hulkes
which
were
discouered
in
the
euening
very
late
,
it
came
to
passe
that
all
the
other
ships
staied
behinde
,
not
knowing
that
they
were
to
follow
,
or
whither
to
direct
themselues
:
so
that
there
might
haue
followed
some
great
inconuenience
had
they
had
to
do
with
an
enemie
more
practized
in
our
seas
.
But
as
it
séemed
by
report
,
the
said
Viceadmiral
was
moued
to
do
this
by
means
of
a
certaine
curious
diligence
and
a
militarie
suspicion
,
growing
in
his
mind
vpon
certaine
and
very
probable
coniectures
,
grounded
on
circumstances
of
matter
considered
in
his
mind
:
and
therefore
he
gaue
them
the
chase
,
thinking
that
they
had
béen
enemies
.
But
being
ouertaken
and
their
officers
examined
,
and
being
knowen
to
be
friends
,
or
at
the
least
wise
not
enemies
,
he
permitted
them
to
go
their
way
,
returning
him selfe
vnto
the
fléete
the
day
following
.
The
L.
Admirall
notwithstanding
accompanied
with
the
Beare
and
the
Marie
Rose
comming
a
little
behind
his
sterne
,
The
next
day
the
Viceadmirall
sir
Francis
Drake
being
in
the
Quéenes
ship
called
the
Reuenge
,
hauing
also
the
Roebucke
and
a
Pinnesse
or
two
in
his
company
,
tooke
Don
Pedro
de
Valdes
,
who
as
was
said
before
,
had
lost
the
foremast
of
his
ship
:
and
hauing
receiued
the
said
Valdes
as
his
prisoner
,
and
certaine
other
gentlemen
of
most
account
that
were
therein
,
he
sent
the
ship
togither
with
the
prisoners
vnto
Dartmouth
,
vnder
the
conduct
of
the
Roe-bucke
,
and
he
himselfe
made
toward
the
L.
Admirall
,
vnder
whose
lée
he
came
that
night
.
The
same
daie
being
the
22.
of
the
moneth
,
a
little
before
the
Viceadmirall
sir
Francis
Drake
was
returned
vnto
the
fléete
,
the
Spaniards
forsooke
the
ship
which
the
day
before
was
spoyled
by
fire
.
To
the
which
ship
the
L.
Admirall
sent
the
L.
Thomas
Howard
,
and
with
him
M.
Iohn
Hawkins
,
who
being
in
the
cockboate
of
the
Victorie
went
a
boord
her
,
and
there
found
a
lamentable
sight
.
For
all
the
vppermost
decks
of
her
being
torne
and
spoyled
by
the
fire
,
there
were
in
her
50.
men
miserablie
burnt
with
the
powder
.
The
stinke
in
her
was
so
great
,
and
the
ship
it selfe
so
filthie
,
that
the
L.
Howard
departed
presently
from
her
:
and
returning
with
M.
Iohn
Hawkins
to
the
L.
Admirall
,
they
informed
him
of
that
they
found
and
saw
there
.
For
which
cause
there
was
presently
commandement
giuen
,
that
the
little
pinnesse
of
captaine
Fleming
should
conduct
her
vnto
some
port
of
England
,
where
they
might
most
commodiouslie
helpe
themselues
.
Wherevpon
it
was
carried
to
Waymouth
the
next
day
following
.
For
al
the
mishap
that
befell
this
ship
,
they
vnderstood
that
the
Spaniards
had
taken
out
of
her
al
the
best
things
that
they
could
,
casting
off
the
bulke
of
her
togither
with
certaine
grosse
stuffe
therein
,
as
for
that
time
altogither
vnprofitable
.
About
this
time
her
Maiestie
séeing
that
all
hope
of
peace
was
frustrate
,
called
home
againe
her
Commissioners
from
Flanders
,
who
were
by
the
duke
of
Parma
most
curteously
dismissed
,
very
honorablie
accompanied
,
and
themselues
and
their
cariages
safe
conducted
to
the
marches
of
Calis
,
which
way
they
tooke
their
iourney
.
But
to
the
matter
:
the
night
last
before
mentioned
there
befell
a
great
calme
,
and
therevpon
4.
Spanish
Galliasses
seuered
themselues
from
the
rest
of
their
fléete
.
This
thing
made
the
Englishmen
to
doubt
that
that
night
they
had
resolued
to
giue
the
onset
vpon
some
of
their
lesser
ships
,
imagining
that
they
might
annoy
them
the
rather
for
that
they
were
the
rereward
of
the
fléete
.
But
afterwards
the
Galliasses
(
whatsoeuer
the
occasion
was
)
enterprised
nothing
,
either
for
that
they
saw
they
could
not
safely
do
it
,
or
else
bicause
their
mindes
were
not
throughly
setled
vpon
that
which
before
they
thought
to
do
:
a
thing
many
times
faling
out
in
such
persons
as
are
but
poore
in
counsell
and
resolution
,
that
they
continue
in
their
perplexed
conceites
without
any
effect
or
commoditie
ensuing
thereof
.
In
this
case
the
Arke
,
the
Lyon
,
the
Beare
,
the
Elizabeth
Ionas
,
the
Victorie
and
certaine
other
ships
were
content
to
follow
the
ship
called
the
Non
Pariglin
.
In
the
mean
season
the
Triumphe
with
other
5.
ships
of
London
,
namely
the
Merchant
Roiall
,
the
Centurion
,
the
Margerie
Ioan
,
the
Marie
Rose
,
and
the
Golden
Lion
were
so
far
to
the
rereward
,
and
so
far
seuered
from
the
rest
of
the
fleete
,
that
the
Galliasses
vndertooke
to
giue
them
an
hard
assault
.
But
they
were
well
intertained
by
the
ships
for
the
space
of
an
hower
and
an
halfe
,
vntill
at
the
length
some
of
the
Quéenes
ships
,
comming
to
succor
the
Triumph
and
the
Londoners
,
dealt
so
well
in
the
matter
,
that
the
Galliasses
were
driuen
to
retire
.
The
wind
came
about
at
this
present
to
the
South
east
,
and
afterwards
to
the
South
west
and
by
south
,
at
which
time
a
certaine
number
or
Squadron
of
the
Quéenes
together
with
other
Merchants
ships
gaue
assault
vnto
the
Spanish
fléete
,
William
Cocks
captaine
of
a
little
pinnesse
called
the
Violet
,
belonging
vnto
sir
William
Winter
,
behaued
himselfe
very
valiantly
against
the
enemie
in
the
greatest
heate
of
this
incounter
:
but
within
a
little
while
after
,
he
lost
his
delight
wherewith
he
was
not
very
well
acquainted
,
and
his
life
by
a
great
péece
of
ordinance
,
fortune
not
being
correspondently
fauorable
vnto
his
courage
,
which
therefore
was
not
whit
profitable
to
the
perfection
of
his
purpose
.
Francis
Drake
his
Vice
admerall
:
the
third
to
M.
Iohn
Hawkins
:
the
fourth
to
M.
Martin
Frobisher
,
and
after
noone
he
gaue
order
,
that
in
the
night
fire
of
the
merchants
ships
in
ech
squadron
(
for
that
as
they
were
of
sundry
parts
of
the
Realme
,
so
they
were
equally
diuided
into
ech
squadron
)
should
charge
the
Spanish
fléete
in
as
many
parts
at
one
and
the
same
time
,
that
at
midnight
the
enimie
might
be
kept
occupied
.
This
order
taken
(
as
it
was
verie
likelie
)
might
haue
had
as
good
effect
as
it
was
wisely
giuen
:
but
by
reason
of
a
great
calme
which
fell
out
,
no
part
of
this
aduisement
could
be
accomplished
,
fortune
interrupting
good
counsell
.
The
next
day
being
the
25.
of
the
moneth
and
Saint
Iames
his
day
,
there
was
a
great
Spanish
Galleon
left
behind
her
companie
to
the
South
ward
néere
to
the
squadron
of
Master
Iohn
Hawkins
:
Thomas
Howard
in
the
golden
Lion
,
and
drew
so
néere
being
towed
by
their
boats
,
that
they
did
them
much
harme
,
whereby
one
of
them
requiring
the
helpe
of
the
rest
,
being
succored
by
them
returned
vnto
the
fléete
:
And
from
another
,
by
means
of
a
shot
comming
from
the
Arke
,
there
was
taken
away
her
light
and
throwen
into
the
Sea
;
the
third
lost
hir
becke
.
Whereby
these
2.
ships
the
Arke
and
the
golden
Lion
declared
this
day
to
each
fléete
,
that
they
had
most
diligent
and
faithfull
Gimners
,
desirous
aswell
of
the
common
good
,
as
of
the
priuate
honor
of
their
leaders
the
Lord
Admirall
and
the
L.
Thomas
Howard
which
went
in
them
:
which
commendation
might
rightly
be
imparted
with
them
concerning
this
happie
euent
,
bicause
the
calme
was
so
great
,
that
albeit
the
two
fléets
were
well
able
to
behold
the
fortune
of
ech
of
their
friends
,
yet
notwithstanding
they
could
not
helpe
them
at
all
:
at
the
length
the
winde
beginning
somewhat
to
arise
,
the
Spaniards
tooke
the
opportunitie
thereof
,
and
put
themselues
foreward
to
helpe
those
of
their
side
,
and
succoured
them
honorablie
.
After
this
time
the
Galliasses
in
whose
puissance
the
greatest
hope
of
the
Spanish
fléete
was
founded
,
were
neuer
séene
to
fight
anymore
,
such
was
their
interteinment
that
daie
.
The
two
fléetes
notwithstanding
approching
nigh
one
vnto
another
began
a
conflict
,
but
they
continued
it
but
a
while
,
except
one
ship
called
the
Non
Pariglia
,
&
another
called
the
Marie
Rose
,
which
hauing
taken
in
their
top-sailes
staied
themselues
there
,
to
make
as
it
were
a
certain
experience
of
their
manhood
vpon
the
Spanish
fléete
,
behauing
themselues
honorably
for
a
season
.
In
which
time
,
the
Triumph
being
to
the
northward
of
the
Spanish
fléet
,
was
so
far
off
,
that
doubting
that
certaine
of
the
Spanish
ships
would
assault
her
to
the
windeward
,
they
succoured
her
with
diuers
boates
that
got
the
winde
easilie
:
for
the
Beare
and
the
Elizabeth
Ionas
euen
at
one
instant
hauing
knowledge
of
the
danger
wherein
the
other
were
,
drew
néere
vnto
them
,
Whereupon
ech
ship
doing
her
dutie
they
iointly
saued
the
Triumph
from
all
harme
,
and
recouered
the
winde
.
And
thus
this
daies
worke
ended
:
whereof
I
may
say
,
that
the
conflict
was
no
whit
shorter
then
the
day
it selfe
.
At
this
present
the
Englishmen
considering
the
great
wast
of
powder
and
shot
that
had
heretofore
béen
made
,
the
L.
Admirall
determined
not
to
assault
the
enemie
any
more
,
vntill
he
were
come
nigh
vnto
Douer
,
in
which
place
he
knew
he
should
find
the
fléete
vnder
the
charge
of
the
L.
Seymer
,
and
sir
William
Winter
,
who
were
ready
to
ioine
with
him
,
that
thereby
he
might
both
fortifie
himselfe
with
a
greater
number
of
ships
,
and
in
this
maner
prouide
them selues
of
munition
from
that
part
of
the
Realme
.
Vpon
friday
therefore
being
the
26.
of
the
moneth
ceasing
from
fighting
,
the
L.
Admirall
(
aswell
for
their
good
deserts
and
honorable
seruice
,
as
also
to
encourage
others
to
like
valor
)
was
desirous
to
aduance
certaine
personages
to
the
degrée
of
knighthood
,
for
that
behauing
themselues
manfully
aswell
with
their
ships
as
their
good
aduise
,
they
were
woorthie
that
degree
of
honor
:
and
so
much
the
more
woorthie
in
that
being
farre
separated
from
all
courtly
fauour
,
which
many
times
imparteth
the
chéefest
honors
vnto
the
least
deseruing
men
,
Therfore
the
two
Lords
,
viz.
the
L.
Howard
,
and
the
L.
Sheffeild
:
Roger
Townsend
,
Iohn
Hawkins
and
Martin
Frobisher
were
called
foorth
,
and
the
order
of
knighthoode
giuen
them
by
the
L.
Admirall
as
their
generall
.
This
day
there
came
to
the
seruice
of
her
Maiestie
in
her
fléete
diuers
Gentlemen
,
honorable
both
by
blood
and
place
,
but
much
more
in
respect
of
their
courage
and
vertue
,
for
that
in
these
publike
affaires
and
so
necessary
seruice
of
the
wars
,
they
willingly
offred
their
seruice
in
the
defence
of
their
countrey
and
honor
of
her
maiestie
.
This
day
also
and
the
next
being
the
27.
the
Spaniards
followed
their
course
quietly
before
the
English
fléete
.
In
which
time
the
E.
of
Sussex
,
the
L.
Buckhurst
,
sir
George
Carie
knight
,
and
the
captaines
of
the
fortes
and
castels
thereabout
,
sent
their
men
with
powder
,
shot
and
victuals
,
to
the
L.
Admirall
to
assist
and
helpe
the
armie
.
The
same
Satturday
towards
the
euening
the
Spaniards
drew
nigh
to
Calis
vnder
the
coast
of
Picardie
,
In
the
meane
season
the
L.
Seymer
and
sir
William
Winter
ioined
with
the
L.
Admirall
,
wherby
the
English
fléete
increased
to
the
number
of
140.
ships
of
all
sorts
.
But
the
Spaniards
with
all
spéede
sent
tidings
vnto
the
duke
of
Parma
of
their
arriuall
,
who
at
this
present
was
at
Bruges
,
who
hauing
retained
with
him
all
his
seafaring
men
many
daies
before
to
this
purpose
,
yet
procéeded
no
farther
in
the
matter
for
that
time
,
although
for
such
time
as
the
king
had
limited
him
,
he
for
his
part
tooke
as
much
care
as
might
be
looked
for
at
his
hands
.
For
hauing
alreadie
imbarked
a
certaine
number
of
his
soldiors
,
he
was
carefull
in
like
maner
to
dispatch
the
rest
as
soone
as
they
should
be
ready
,
that
they
might
take
oportunitie
to
come
foorth
,
furnishing
them
abundantly
with
victuall
and
munition
.
But
in
the
meane
time
such
a
chance
fell
out
as
made
frustrate
not
onely
his
,
but
the
conceite
also
of
the
duke
of
Medina
,
and
wholie
ouerthrew
their
enterprise
,
in
that
her
Maiestie
was
not
a
little
carefull
and
troubled
in
minde
concerning
the
successe
of
these
affaires
,
albeit
she
herselfe
had
committed
her
whole
fortune
into
the
hands
of
almightie
God
.
Moreouer
also
the
L.
Admirall
hauing
by
certaine
notice
vnderstoode
,
that
the
duke
of
Parma
had
prepared
a
great
number
of
tunnes
of
water
,
and
ten
thousand
chosen
footemen
to
be
embarked
for
the
ioyning
with
the
fléete
,
which
could
not
be
auoided
if
the
duke
of
Medina
were
not
compelled
to
auoide
that
place
,
knowing
also
the
euident
perill
that
was
to
be
feared
,
if
the
Spanish
fléete
should
be
suffered
to
refresh
it selfe
,
and
to
be
furnished
with
so
many
soldiors
,
he
applied
his
wits
so
in
the
deliberation
of
these
matters
of
waight
and
importance
,
hauing
the
consent
of
others
more
practised
,
that
no
time
might
be
lost
for
the
furtherance
of
this
seruice
:
and
for
so
much
as
the
forces
of
the
enimie
were
not
yet
vnited
and
ioined
togither
,
therefore
the
28.
of
this
moneth
at
midnight
he
prouided
eight
small
ships
dressed
with
artificial
fire
,
to
the
intent
to
driue
the
same
vpon
the
Spanish
fléete
.
Amieus
Preston
his
lieutenant
,
and
togither
with
him
Thomas
Gerard
and
M.
Haruie
two
of
her
maiesties
Gentlemen
and
seruants
,
and
others
of
the
court
,
and
of
his
own
seruants
,
who
fought
with
her
,
but
vnequally
,
for
that
the
ship
being
graueled
could
with
her
force
preuaile
but
little
.
In
this
conflict
it
chanced
that
a
musket
shot
stroke
Hugo
de
Moncada
chéefe
captaine
of
the
Galliasse
,
a
noble
and
valiant
man
,
in
the
head
.
The
which
mishap
ioined
with
the
difficultie
of
stirring
themselues
in
their
defence
,
bred
such
a
despaire
in
euery
man
,
that
the
greater
sort
lept
into
the
water
to
saue
themselues
by
swimming
into
the
hauen
,
although
many
of
them
perished
in
the
water
.
By
this
disorder
of
the
enimy
,
the
Englishmen
being
more
secure
,
tooke
her
and
sacked
her
to
their
great
commoditie
,
aboue
an
hundred
men
being
entred
into
her
,
and
their
company
increasing
more
and
more
.
Wherevpon
Monsieur
Gordon
gouernor
of
Calis
,
a
man
of
good
estimation
in
respect
of
his
prerogatiue
in
that
place
,
sent
his
nephew
to
giue
the
Englishmen
to
vnderstand
,
that
they
should
content
themselues
with
the
ordinary
spoile
,
and
that
they
should
leaue
behind
them
the
great
ordinance
,
as
a
thing
belonging
vnto
him
by
vertue
of
his
office
.
The
which
embassage
sent
the
second
time
vnto
men
more
intentiue
vnto
their
pray
then
other
mens
reason
,
made
the
Gentleman
to
be
euilly
intertained
by
our
men
,
in
such
sort
,
that
they
would
haue
forceably
taken
from
him
some
trifeling
things
about
him
,
thinking
him
to
be
a
Spaniard
.
Wherat
M.
Gordon
being
offended
,
caused
certaine
péeces
of
ordinance
to
be
discharged
from
the
Towne
,
and
then
the
Englishmen
departed
,
leauing
the
Galliasse
at
his
pleasure
after
the
losse
of
some
soldiors
,
hauing
notwithstanding
sacked
22000.
duckets
of
gold
,
appertaining
vnto
the
king
,
and
14.
coffers
of
mooueables
of
the
duke
of
Medina
,
with
some
other
both
money
and
mooueables
of
other
particular
men
,
and
some
prisoners
,
among
whom
was
Don
Roderigo
of
Mendoza
,
and
Don
Iohn
Gonzales
de
Solerzauo
vnder
captaine
of
the
Galliasse
.
During
the
time
of
surprising
of
which
Galliasse
,
sir
Francis
Drake
Vice
admirall
being
in
the
ship
called
the
Reuenge
,
Tho.
Fenner
captaine
of
the
Non
Pariglia
,
with
the
rest
of
that
squadron
,
set
vpon
the
Spanish
fléete
,
giuing
them
an
hot
charge
.
Within
a
while
after
sir
Iohn
Hawkins
in
the
Victorie
accompanied
with
Edward
Fenton
captain
of
the
Marie
Rose
,
with
George
Beeston
captain
in
the
Dread-nought
,
and
Richard
Hawkins
in
the
Swallow
,
with
the
rest
of
that
squadron
,
put
themselues
foreward
and
brake
through
the
midst
of
the
Spanish
fléete
,
where
there
began
a
vehement
conflict
continuing
all
the
morning
,
wherein
euery
captaine
did
verie
honorable
seruice
:
among
the
rest
captain
Beeston
deserued
special
praise
.
Vnto
this
fight
came
the
L.
Admirall
accompanied
with
the
Earle
of
Cumberland
,
thei
L.
Thomas
Howard
,
the
L.
Sheffeilde
,
and
in
that
place
where
the
fight
was
made
,
and
the
victory
was
gotten
,
they
were
publikely
commended
,
that
of
their
owne
accord
had
made
shewe
of
the
fruits
answerable
to
the
hope
before
conceiued
of
them
.
Not
far
from
this
place
there
was
a
great
Spanish
galeon
séen
,
which
was
set
vpon
on
the
one
side
by
the
Earle
of
Cumberland
and
George
Ryman
in
the
Bonaduenture
,
and
on
the
otherside
by
the
L.
Seymer
,
in
the
ship
called
the
Raynbowe
,
and
sir
William
Winter
in
the
Vantgard
,
yet
she
saued
her selfe
valiantly
,
gathering
into
the
body
of
the
fléete
,
Robert
Southwell
were
euidently
séene
:
for
being
a
man
borne
to
vertue
and
commendation
,
and
desirous
to
purchase
honor
,
to
the
end
that
he
might
not
make
frustrate
the
iudgement
of
his
Soueraigne
,
who
before
time
had
made
him
knight
,
diuining
how
much
in
time
to
come
he
would
further
the
profite
of
the
common
wealth
of
England
,
he
enforced
himselfe
not
onely
to
satisfie
either
in
counsel
or
paines
the
publike
intent
,
but
also
the
priuate
commoditie
of
the
L.
Admirall
his
Father
in
lawe
,
in
that
he
had
dutifully
promised
him
sure
and
faithfull
seruice
,
whereupon
for
the
same
he
receiued
condigne
praise
of
euery
man
.
Ther
was
also
particularly
praised
Robert
Crosse
captaine
,
who
in
the
ship
called
the
Hope
,
gaue
a
signe
of
fruite
to
be
looked
for
in
him
,
not
inferior
vnto
that
which
the
ship
wherein
he
went
did
by
the
name
it
caried
,
cause
vs
to
hope
for
.
It
fell
out
also
the
same
day
,
that
the
L.
Henrie
Seimer
and
sir
William
Winter
did
so
throughly
beate
two
Spanish
Galeons
,
although
they
were
of
the
chéefest
of
them
and
the
best
prouided
,
that
they
were
inforced
to
withdraw
themselues
to
the
coast
of
Flanders
,
where
forsomuch
as
they
were
in
a
very
euill
taking
,
as
well
in
respect
of
the
murther
of
their
men
,
as
the
manifolde
leakes
of
their
ships
,
they
were
surprised
,
and
without
fight
rifeled
by
the
Zelanders
,
and
with
all
the
men
in
them
caried
as
prisoners
vnto
Flushing
.
Among
these
,
the
chéefest
was
Don
Diego
Pimentello
,
a
man
very
famous
among
his
countrey
people
.
It
séemeth
héerby
that
we
may
with
reason
gather
,
that
in
these
conflicts
many
of
the
Spanish
ships
perished
,
albeit
that
most
men
thinke
that
few
of
them
miscaried
.
After
this
battell
which
was
made
the
29.
of
the
moneth
,
the
L.
Admirall
the
30.
day
ordained
,
that
the
L.
Seimer
and
sir
W.
Winter
should
returne
with
their
fléete
vnto
their
appointed
office
in
the
chanell
,
which
was
to
kéepe
the
coast
from
the
danger
that
the
duke
of
Parma
séemed
to
threaten
.
The
which
duke
had
already
lost
the
opportunitie
of
being
able
to
do
any
thing
for
the
accomplishing
of
the
common
intention
of
the
Spaniards
,
or
according
to
the
instructions
receiued
from
the
Spanish
king
whatsoeuer
they
were
:
Bicause
the
sudden
and
vnlooked
for
departure
of
the
duke
of
Medina
with
the
whole
fléete
from
the
coast
of
Calice
,
and
his
small
aboade
vpon
any
other
coast
,
caused
the
whole
care
of
the
aforesaid
duke
that
he
tooke
vpon
the
maine
land
,
to
become
voide
,
so
that
he
did
not
imbarke
the
rest
of
his
men
to
ioine
with
the
duke
of
Medina
.
The
Lord
Admirall
therefore
determined
to
follow
the
The
Spanish
fléete
therefore
,
as
for
hir
owne
welfare
it
was
requisite
,
hauing
gon
on
so
far
before
,
the
L.
Admirall
resolued
to
put
into
the
Fyrth
in
Scotland
,
as
well
to
refresh
himselfe
with
new
victuals
,
as
also
to
dispatch
certaine
other
matters
which
he
thought
necessarie
.
But
the
winde
being
much
westward
and
against
him
,
the
day
following
he
changed
his
course
,
and
returned
into
England
with
his
whole
fléete
the
7.
of
August
,
although
by
reason
of
a
tempest
which
befell
them
,
part
of
the
ships
put
into
Douer
,
part
to
Harwich
,
the
rest
into
Yarmouth
.
Hitherto
I
haue
described
,
according
to
the
instructions
and
direction
which
I
receiued
of
those
things
that
fell
out
betwéene
the
Englishmen
and
the
Spaniards
,
adioining
thereunto
such
particular
discourses
as
I
thought
to
be
necessarie
,
and
such
ornaments
of
spéech
as
the
matter
and
the
Italian
toong
did
specially
require
:
Now
therefore
it
remaineth
for
the
finishing
of
our
former
discourse
,
briefly
and
euidently
to
set
downe
the
issue
of
all
the
things
before
mentioned
.
THe
Spanish
fléete
passing
(
as
aforesaid
)
into
those
seas
,
which
for
the
most
part
are
quiet
and
calme
inough
,
whether
it
were
driuen
too
and
fro
in
them
with
contrarie
winds
,
or
by
some
other
fatall
accident
that
fell
out
,
it
continued
therein
tossed
vp
and
downe
vntill
the
ende
of
September
,
Medina
Sidonia
was
enforced
to
leaue
there
behind
him
about
the
number
of
17.
good
ships
,
besides
those
15.
that
were
thought
to
be
lost
in
the
monethes
of
Iulie
and
August
,
and
so
to
returne
into
Spaine
.
The
persons
lost
in
Ireland
were
estéemed
to
be
about
5500.
So
that
all
being
accounted
togither
,
it
is
certainlie
auouched
,
that
al
the
ships
that
were
lost
amount
vnto
the
number
of
32.
and
the
men
accounted
one
with
another
arise
to
the
number
of
13500.
or
more
.
The
prisoners
also
of
all
sorts
in
England
,
Ireland
,
&
the
low
Countries
arise
to
the
number
of
2000.
and
more
.
As
for
the
losse
of
the
ordinante
,
&
the
common
or
priuate
treasure
,
or
whether
the
duke
after
he
was
preserued
from
the
former
fearefull
and
mortall
dangers
lost
any
more
ships
,
or
no
,
or
last
of
all
,
how
many
he
brought
home
with
him
againe
into
Spain
,
I
meane
not
to
occupie
or
trouble
my
pen
with
any
such
superfluous
curiosities
,
being
willing
to
leaue
that
matter
vnto
such
as
haue
receiued
certaine
tidings
therof
:
bicause
I
studie
(
so
farre
foorth
as
is
possible
)
for
breuitie
without
procuring
vnto
any
man
either
hatred
or
euill
report
.
And
therefore
to
knit
vp
this
present
treatise
,
this
is
reported
,
that
after
her
Maiestie
was
throughly
assured
of
the
returne
of
the
duke
into
Spain
,
and
that
her
seas
were
cléere
and
free
from
al
her
enimies
,
and
hauing
called
home
the
L.
Seymer
with
his
fleete
,
it
seemed
good
vnto
her
(
as
a
conuenient
thing
)
that
her
people
should
render
vnto
almightie
God
as
great
thanks
as
might
be
,
for
that
it
had
pleased
him
thus
to
work
and
bring
about
the
deliuerance
of
them
all
.
And
therefore
the
19.
of
Nouember
,
by
publike
edict
and
order
from
her
Maiestie
,
there
was
generally
made
throughout
the
whole
Realme
,
a
most
frequent
assemblie
of
all
sorts
of
people
publikely
to
giue
thanks
vnto
God
all
the
day
long
,
for
so
singular
a
benefit
receiued
,
with
this
intention
,
that
the
remembrance
of
the
said
benefit
,
should
vpon
the
same
day
of
euery
yéere
to
ensue
,
be
renued
in
the
minde
and
eies
of
all
men
throughout
the
whole
nation
,
with
an
euident
and
religious
acknowledgment
,
that
the
common
safetie
of
them
all
was
accomplished
by
the
speciall
fauor
of
God
,
the
Father
of
all
good
things
.
Her
Maiestie
also
being
afterwards
desirous
to
do
the
like
in
her
owne
behalfe
(
as
it
was
conuenient
)
came
into
Paules
Church
in
London
on
Sonday
being
the
24.
of
the
same
moneth
,
with
a
most
decent
order
and
assemblies
of
al
the
Magistrates
and
companies
of
the
Citie
standing
in
a
ranke
in
the
stréet
,
replenished
most
abundantly
with
people
,
through
which
her
Maiestie
was
to
passe
,
being
accompanied
with
such
a
princely
traine
of
all
those
that
had
béene
instruments
of
that
notable
victorie
,
that
it
séemed
her
Maiestie
togither
with
the
rest
,
hauing
gotten
the
victorie
,
was
desirous
in
triumphing
maner
to
shew
her
thankfull
minde
vnto
the
Londoners
also
,
for
the
charges
and
paines
they
had
vndertaken
all
the
yéere
before
,
in
the
seruice
of
the
Crowne
and
the
common-wealth
,
together
with
the
increase
of
their
owne
reputation
,
being
accounted
the
foundation
and
cheefe
staie
of
all
the
other
parts
of
the
Realme
.
Wherein
her
Maiestie
followed
the
example
of
diuers
kings
her
predecessors
,
who
vpon
special
fauor
,
according
as
good
occasions
mooued
them
thereunto
,
haue
giuen
many
large
priuiledges
and
liberties
vnto
the
said
Citie
,
which
at
this
day
is
doubtlesse
more
populous
,
more
wealthie
,
more
mightie
,
and
more
frée
,
then
euer
it
was
héretofore
.
FINIS
.