Annotations
upon
the
first
BOOKE
.
IT
is
not
unknowne
to
any
man
,
who
is
an
able
iudge
of
this
worke
,
that
Virgil
,
though
Prince
of
the
Roman
Poets
(
for
that
title
his
own
age
freely
affoorded
him
,
and
the
judgement
or
modesty
of
succeeding
times
never
detracted
from
him
)
did
help
his
inuention
by
imitation
of
the
Grecian
Poets
;
&
in
this
work
of
his
Georgicks
,
(
to
speak
nothing
of
his
Aeneids
,
or
Bucolicks
)
he
has
taken
his
subject
from
Ascraean
Hesiod
;
as
his
own
verse
in
the
second
booke
modestly
acknowledges
.
Ascraeuinque
cano
Romana
per
oppida
carmen
.
In
this
subiect
(
though
the
learning
of
Virgil
must
needes
carry
him
vpon
other
matters
than
Hesiod
treated
of
,
and
his
own
intent
to
honour
his
natiue
Italy
,
which
was
then
mistresse
of
the
conquer'd
world
,
and
to
whose
climate
and
properties
hee
especially
proportions
this
discourse
of
husbandry
)
hee
retaines
in
many
things
the
Grecian
way
;
bee
invokes
their
gods
(
men
whose
ancient
worth
had
deis●ed
them
to
posterity
)
he
builds
upon
many
stories
,
which
either
the
Gre●kes
inuented
,
or
the
distance
of
time
has
made
posterity
not
to
credit
them
as
truths
,
but
intitle
them
poeticall
stories
.
Some
of
these
histories
which
are
shortly
mentioned
in
this
Werks
,
I
haue
thought
fitting
to
relate
here
for
th●
ease
or
delight
of
the
English
reader
,
●●treating
all
Readers
to
pardon
me
for
striving
onely
to
please
them
:
(
for
to
mee
it
can
adde
nothing
,
since
all
men
of
iudgement
can
tell
how
easily
,
and
where
I
find
them
.
)
I
haue
not
mentioned
them
all
;
nor
made
a
large
comment
upon
the
worke
to
extend
it
to
an
unnecessary
bulke
;
but
mentioned
such
only
as
I
thought
fitting
.
(
b
)
Staphylus
the
son
of
Sithneus
,
and
chiefe
Shepheard
to
Oeneus
king
of
Aetolia
,
had
obserued
that
one
of
his
goates
did
often
in
feeding
separat
it selfe
from
the
rest
of
the
flocke
,
and
by
that
feeding
was
growne
fatter
and
better
in
liking
than
all
the
rest
.
He
upon
a
day
resolved
to
watch
this
goate
,
and
found
it
feeding
on
a
cluster
of
grapes
:
he
gathered
some
of
the
grapes
,
&
wondring
at
the
noveltie
and
rarenesse
of
the
fruit
,
presented
it
to
the
King
his
Master
.
The
King
tasted
it
,
and
wondrously
pleased
,
and
cheared
with
the
juice
of
it
,
began
to
esteeme
it
of
great
value
;
insomuch
as
not
long
after
it
so
happened
,
that
the
great
Bacchus
returning
from
his
Indian
conquests
,
was
entertained
at
the
court
of
this
Oeneus
;
who
presented
to
Bacchus
his
new-found
fruit
.
Bacchus
,
who
before
had
learned
the
use
of
it
,
instructed
the
king
how
to
continue
the
race
,
and
the
maner
how
to
dresse
,
and
perfect
his
vines
;
and
ordained
withall
that
the
wine
in
the
Greeke
language
should
be
called
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
in
honour
of
Oeneus
,
and
the
grape
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
after
the
name
of
Staphylus
the
kings
shepheard
.
(
c
)
These
Faunt
are
accounted
the
country
Gods
,
and
are
thought
alwaies
to
inhabite
in
the
woods
.
The
first
of
them
was
Faunus
king
of
the
Aborigines
,
the
son
of
Picus
,
&
grandchilde
of
Saturne
,
who
first
reduced
the
inhabitants
of
Italy
to
a
ciuill
life
:
hee
built
houses
,
and
consecrated
woods
;
in
honour
of
so
great
a
merit
as
this
,
he
was
by
his
thankefull
posterity
(
as
the
custome
was
of
those
times
)
consecrated
a
god
,
and
his
oracle
with
great
devotion
kept
in
Abbunea
an
Italian
wood
.
Of
his
name
all
Temples
were
afterwards
called
Fanes
;
hee
married
his
sister
Fauna
,
whom
the
Romans
in
after
times
honoured
with
great
deuotion
,
and
called
her
Bona
;
Shee
gaue
Oracles
to
the
women
,
as
her
husband
Faunus
did
unto
the
men
.
(
d
)
The
Fable
is
thus
;
When
the
famous
City
of
Athens
was
founded
,
and
Neptune
and
Minerva
were
in
great
contention
who
should
have
the
honour
of
naming
the
place
,
it
pleased
the
gods
to
appoint
it
thus
,
that
the
honour
should
accrew
to
that
deity
,
who
could
bestow
the
greatest
benefit
upon
mankinde
.
Vpon
which
sentence
Neptune
with
his
trident
striking
the
shore
,
immediately
a
furious
horse
provided
,
and
armed
for
the
war
,
was
created
by
that
stroke
:
Minerva
casting
her
javelin
from
her
,
of
that
javelin
produced
an
Olive
tree
;
which
being
a
fruitfull
and
good
plant
,
and
the
embleme
of
peace
,
was
iudged
more
usefull
and
profiable
to
mankinde
.
The
cause
why
our
Author
invoketh
Neptune
in
this
place
,
is
,
because
hee
intendeth
to
speake
of
horses
in
the
third
Booke
of
this
Worke.
Which
had
beene
else
unfit
in
a
discourse
concerning
affaires
of
Land
to
have
invoked
a
god
of
the
Sea
.
(
c
)
Aristaeus
,
who
is
here
invoked
was
reported
the
son
of
Apollo
,
and
the
Nymph
Cyrene
:
This
Aristaeus
the
father
of
Actaeon
,
who
transformed
into
a
stag
(
as
Ovid's
fable
delivers
it
)
was
devoured
by
his
doggs
,
grieved
for
his
sons
death
,
departed
from
Thebes
to
the
Iland
Caea
,
which
was
then
destitute
of
inhabitants
by
reason
of
a
pestilence
which
had
there
happened
:
This
Caea
is
an
Iland
in
the
Aegaean
sea
;
from
whence
hee
sailed
into
Arcadia
,
&
there
ended
the
residue
of
his
life
.
In
Arcadia
hee
was
honoured
as
a
god
after
his
death
for
teaching
the
people
that
strange
mysterie
of
making
Bees
.
(
f
)
This
youth
here
named
the
invent●r
of
the
Plow
,
is
by
most
thought
to
be
Osiris
the
King
,
and
afterwards
god
of
the
Aegyptians
.
He
was
the
first
that
ever
taught
the
Aegyptians
his
country-men
the
use
of
Oxen
for
p●owing
of
their
ground
.
He
was
honoured
by
them
as
a
god
after
his
death
for
this
great
benefit
;
and
worshipped
in
the
forme
of
an
Ox●
,
which
was
called
Apis
,
in
the
City
of
Memphis
.
And
in
memory
of
this
also
Isis
the
wife
of
that
Osiris
was
honoured
as
a
goddesse
,
and
had
solemne
sacrifices
,
in
which
an
care
of
corne
was
carryed
before
the
pompe
,
and
all
plowmen
in
harvest
time
sacrified
to
her
with
the
straw
of
wheat
.
(
g
)
The
history
of
the
birth
,
life
,
and
deity
of
this
god
Sylvanus
is
thus
reported
;
A
shepheard
,
whose
name
was
Cratis
,
abused
to
his
lust
ash●e-Goat
of
his
flocke
:
and
when
upon
a
time
Cratis
was
sleeping
by
a
river●
side
;
that
hee-Goat
,
which
used
the
company
of
the
shee-Goat
,
in
a
jealous
fury
,
assaulted
Cratis
with
his
hornes
,
and
tumbled
him
into
the
river
;
from
whose
name
the
flood
was
afterwards
called
Cratis
.
This
monstrous
issue
of
he
Shepheard
and
the
Goat
,
when
it
was
brought
to
light
,
resembled
them
both
,
and
was
a
Goat
in
the
nether
parts
,
but
in
the
upper
it
carryed
the
shape
of
a
man
.
Being
afterward
brought
up
and
growing
in
the
woods
,
the
Shepheards
astonished
at
so
strange
a
shape
,
began
to
honour
and
adore
him
for
a
god
,
calling
him
Sylvanus
,
from
the
woods
wherein
he
lived
.
This
god
Sylvanus
was
extreamely
enamoured
on
a
beauteous
youth
named
Cyparissus
,
who
with
great
care
had
brought
up
a
tame
Deere
;
and
when
on
a
time
the
youth
unhappily
trying
his
Bow
,
had
mist
the
marke
,
and
slaine
unawares
his
beloved
Deere
,
out
of
extremity
and
impatience
of
griefe
he
dyed
.
Sylvanus
lamenting
the
death
of
his
minion
Cyparissus
,
fell
downe
weeping
upon
the
dead
body
,
and
vowed
never
to
part
from
those
imbraces
:
which
he
continued
so
long
●ntill
the
gods
in
pitie
to
Sylvanus
,
transformed
the
body
of
Cyparissus
into
a
tree
,
called
,
from
him
,
the
Cypresse
tree
,
which
ever
after
was
a
tree
of
mourning
,
and
garnished
great
mens
houses
at
funerals
,
as
all
the
Poets
mention
;
and
Sylvanus
is
accounted
the
god
protector
of
that
tree
.
(
h
)
Erigone
the
virgin
was
the
daughter
of
Icarus
an
Athenian
shepheard
,
whose
pie●ie
to
her
father
was
much
renowned
:
insomuch
as
that
when
her
father
was
slaine
(
as
shall
bee
afterwards
declared
)
shee
never
parted
from
the
dead
body
,
but
dyed
with
him
;
and
by
the
pitie
of
the
gods
,
as
Poets
say
,
was
taken
up
into
heaven
,
and
made
a
signe
in
the
Zodiacke
,
called
Virgo
.
(
i
)
The
Husbandmen
in
ancient
time
sacrificed
to
Ceres
the
goddesse
of
Corne.
They
killed
a
fat
Hog
as
the
sacrifice
it selfe
,
a
creature
whose
rooting
endamages
the
corne
.
About
this
sacrifice
the
whole
Chorus
of
the
husbandmen
danced
in
a
rude
inartificiall
maner
(
for
such
dances
in
Religion
were
accepted
)
and
sang
songs
in
honour
of
the
goddesse
Ceres
,
who
first
invented
Corne.
They
wore
upon
their
heads
branches
of
Oaken
trees
,
in
a
thankefull
remembrance
of
their
old
food
:
for
before
her
bounti●
to
mankinde
had
taught
them
the
wayes
of
tilling
and
harvest
,
the
people
lived
upon
Mast
and
Acorns
.
(
k
)
For
twice
in
that
countrey
the
Romans
fought
in
civill
warre
:
first
Iulius
Caesar
against
Pompey
the
Great
,
afterward
Octavius
Caesar
and
Marcus
Antonius
against
Marcus
Brutus
and
Caius
Cassius
.
FINIS
.
Annotations
upon
the
second
BOOKE
.
CAius
(
a
)
Mecaenas
,
that
famous
cherisher
of
good
learning
,
to
whom
our
Poet
in
this
place
acknowledges
so
much
,
was
a
Gentleman
of
Etruria
,
in
high
favour
with
Augustas
Caesar
,
and
in
great
imployment
of
State
under
him
.
Hee
was
in
his
friendship
with
learned
men
,
not
onely
bountifull
,
but
judicious
in
the
placing
of
his
bountie
,
and
above
all
others
fortunate
in
the
choise
of
the
men
.
Among
all
the
Poets
,
in
that
wise
age
wherein
he
lived
,
Virgil
and
Horace
were
the
onely
two
,
which
I
can
finde
,
whose
meane
fortunes
needed
his
liberalitie
,
as
well
as
their
vertues
deserved
his
acquaintance
:
how
liberall
he
was
,
their
often
acknowledgements
in
their
Works
,
have
testified
to
the
world
:
how
judicious
or
fortunate
he
was
in
those
mens
acquaintance
,
no
age
of
the
world
hath
since
beene
ignorant
;
his
name
having
beene
generally
used
for
the
love
of
learning
,
no
lesse
than
Caesar's
for
Imperiall
dignity
(
though
there
were
,
both
in
that
and
the
following
ages
,
as
Iuvenal
witnesseth
in
his
seventh
Satyr
,
other
men
of
honourable
name
and
esteeme
in
Rome
,
who
were
lovers
of
such
things
,
as
Fabius
,
Cotta
,
Proculeius
,
Lentulus
,
&c.
)
Those
Lords
eyther
fayled
in
judgement
in
the
choyse
of
their
friends
,
or
the
injury
of
their
times
affoorded
them
not
wits
able
enough
to
raise
their
fames
;
since
wee
finde
not
any
such
manifest
honour
done
to
their
memories
as
to
this
Mecaenas
.
whose
fortune
it
was
,
that
Virgil
and
Horace
should
live
in
his
time
;
and
in
such
estates
,
as
to
need
his
bounty
for
his
owne
honour
:
which
is
not
a
thing
incident
to
every
age
,
though
wittie
Martial
in
an
Epigram
of
his
could
speake
thus
,
Sint
Mecaenates
,
non
deerunt
,
Flacce
,
Marones
.
yet
the
contrary
by
experience
hath
oft
been
found
.
Maroes
have
beene
borne
when
no
Mecaenases
have
lived
to
cherish
them
(
as
Homer
the
wonder
of
posteritie
,
in
his
owne
time
little
esteemed
)
and
Mecaenases
have
lived
and
wanted
Maroes
.
What
Monarch
in
the
world
was
ever
more
desirous
of
fame
in
that
kinde
,
and
more
able
to
requite
than
Alexander
the
Great
?
Hee
that
so
much
honoured
the
memory
of
Homer
,
and
at
the
sacking
of
Thebes
spared
all
the
posteritie
of
the
Poet
Pindarus
,
found
in
his
owne
time
no
able
Poet
to
celebrate
his
fame
.
There
were
in
his
time
(
as
Arianus
witnesseth
in
the
life
of
Alexander
)
many
Poets
,
who
would
have
written
of
him
,
and
stirred
up
by
the
greatnesse
of
his
actions
,
or
moved
with
hopes
form
his
known
bounty
,
had
written
in
the
praise
of
him
;
but
such
and
so
poore
were
their
inspirations
,
they
neyther
deserued
the
acceptation
of
Alexander
,
nor
the
sight
of
posterity
.
(
b
)
The
Poplar
is
called
the
tree
of
Hercules
for
this
reason
,
as
the
Poets
faine
:
When
Hercules
had
entred
into
Hell
,
redeemed
Theseus
from
prison
there
,
and
returned
victorious
,
leading
out
Cerberus
in
triumph
after
him
;
the
first
tree
that
he
espyed
was
a
Poplar
tree
,
of
which
he
made
himselfe
a
Garland
,
and
crowned
himselfe
after
his
new
conquest
.
(
c
)
Our
Poet
,
after
the
description
of
those
severall
trees
of
strange
natures
,
which
enrich
the
severall
climates
of
the
earth
,
takes
an
occasion
,
by
way
of
comparison
,
to
extoll
in
all
kinds
the
fruitfulnesse
,
and
withall
the
happinesse
of
his
native
Italy
,
the
magnificence
of
the
Italian
Cities
,
the
multitude
and
bravery
of
her
people
:
Of
the
populousnesse
of
Italy
thus
Plinius
at
one
place
speaketh
.
This
is
that
Italy
,
which
,
when
Lucius
Aemilius
Paulus
and
Caius
Attilius
were
Consuls
upon
the
fame
of
the
tumult
of
Gallia
,
armed
presently
of
her
owne
forces
,
without
the
aide
of
any
forreyners
,
and
without
mustering
of
any
Italians
beyond
the
river
of
Po
,
thirty
thousand
horsemen
,
and
seventy
thousand
foot
:
and
Diodorus
Siculus
speaking
of
Rome
before
the
second
Carthaginian
warre
,
sayes
that
the
Senate
as
it
were
foreseeing
the
comming
of
Annibal
with
a
warre
so
bloudy
,
tooke
a
generall
survey
of
themselves
and
their
tributaries
,
and
found
the
number
of
men
fit
to
beare
armes
,
to
be
ten
hundred
thousand
.
And
speaking
also
of
the
populousnesse
of
the
Iland
of
Sicily
,
esteemed
then
as
a
part
of
Italy
(
for
it
was
all
called
magna
Graecia
)
bids
us
not
wonder
at
those
mighty
armies
of
Ninus
,
Semiramis
,
Darius
,
or
Xerxes
,
since
Dionysius
the
tyrant
,
out
of
Syracusae
onely
,
armed
an
hundred
and
twenty
thousand
footmen
,
with
twelve
thousand
horsemen
,
and
a
navy
of
foure
hundred
ships
out
of
one
haven
.
(
d
)
The
sacrifices
,
which
in
ancient
times
were
offered
to
the
gods
,
were
alwayes
chosen
eyther
for
likenesse
or
contrariety
:
for
likenesse
some
were
offered
,
as
to
Pluto
the
King
of
the
darke
world
a
blacke
sheepe
or
steere
were
offered
in
sacrifice
.
Others
for
contrarietie
and
hatred
;
as
a
Sow
,
because
she
rooteth
up
land
and
spoyleth
corne
,
was
offered
unto
Ceres
:
the
Goat
,
because
he
browzeth
the
Vines
,
was
offered
to
Bacchus
:
the
Goat
was
likewise
offered
to
Aesculapius
the
god
of
health
,
because
the
Goat
is
never
without
a
fever
.
(
e
)
In
those
old
playes
which
the
Athenians
instituted
in
the
honour
of
Bacchus
,
the
people
danced
with
wine
bottles
made
of
Goat-skinnes
,
to
insult
as
it
were
over
the
Goats
after
they
were
dead
.
Of
these
Goat-skinnes
〈…〉
in
Greeke
signifieth
a
〈…〉
up
first
the
name
of
Tragaedies
.
(
●
)
These
playes
were
instituted
to
Bacchus
by
the
Athenians
for
this
reason
;
Bacchus
bestowed
a
bottle
of
sweet
wine
upon
Icarus
an
Athenian
Shepheard
.
This
Icarus
coming
to
the
company
of
some
other
labouring
people
of
the
country
,
set
his
bottle
of
wine
before
them
.
The
plaine
labourers
not
knowing
the
quality
of
the
liquor
,
but
delighted
with
the
sweetnesse
of
it
,
drunke
intemperately
,
and
feeling
themselves
much
altered
in
their
braines
,
and
their
whole
bodies
,
they
killed
Icarus
,
supposing
that
he
had
given
them
poyson
.
The
dog
of
Icarus
returning
home
to
Erigone
his
daughter
,
conducted
her
,
who
followed
the
dogge
,
unto
her
fathers
dead
body
.
Erigone
impatient
of
griefe
,
hanged
her selfe
upon
a
pine
tree
,
and
the
dogge
parting
not
from
the
two
bodies
,
starved
himselfe
:
for
which
piety
both
Erigone
and
the
dogge
were
taken
and
made
signes
in
heaven
.
But
not
long
after
,
for
these
murders
unrevenged
,
the
Athenians
were
visited
with
a
great
pestilence
,
and
the
virgins
of
Athens
were
possessed
with
a
strange
frenzie
,
and
in
their
fits
hanged
themselves
.
The
Oracle
,
being
asked
the
cause
of
this
pestilence
,
returned
them
answer
,
that
it
should
cease
when
they
in
devotion
had
interred
the
bodies
of
Icarus
and
Erigone
,
and
revenged
their
murders
:
this
being
done
,
the
plague
ceased
,
and
the
people
in
honour
of
Bacchus
celebrated
yearely
playes
,
and
in
remembrance
of
their
former
frenzy
,
upon
pines
or
other
trees
were
hanged
up
the
images
of
virgins
.
FINIS
.
Annotations
upon
the
third
BOOKE
.
HIppodamia
(
a
)
was
daughter
to
Oenoma●s
King
of
the
cities
of
Elis
and
Pisa.
This
Oenomaus
had
horses
of
wondrous
speed
(
as
being
begotten
by
the
winds
)
and
admitted
suiters
to
his
daughter
Hippodamia
,
upon
this
condition
,
that
they
should
run
a
race
in
chariots
with
him
:
upon
him
that
conquered
,
hee
would
bestow
his
daughter
;
but
whom
hee
vanquished
,
hee
would
kill
.
When
by
this
cruell
meanes
hee
had
killed
many
that
came
as
suiters
to
her
,
and
she
at
last
was
falne
in
love
with
Pelops
,
she
corrupted
Myrtilus
her
fathers
charioter
to
let
Pelops
win
,
promising
him
for
that
favour
hee
should
first
enjoy
her
and
have
her
maydenhead
.
Myrtilus
upon
this
promise
put
on
false
wheels
upon
the
chariot
of
Oenomaus
;
and
when
Pelops
was
conqueror
,
and
obtained
the
Lady
,
Myrtilus
de●●●ding
her
promise
from
her
,
was
by
Pelops
her
husband
tumbled
downe
headlong
into
the
sea
,
which
sea
from
his
name
hath
beene
since
called
mare
Myrtaeum
.
(
●
)
Augustus
Caesar
,
after
Brittany
was
vanquished
,
employed
many
of
the
captiv●
Brittains
in
servile
offices
about
the
Theater
:
he
bestowed
also
upon
those
Theaters
diverse
flags
of
rich
price
,
in
which
were
woven
his
victories
and
triumphs
.
These
flags
were
carried
by
the
captive
Brittaines
,
bearing
the
history
of
their
owne
conquest
:
but
sure
it
is
,
the
Poet
in
this
place
names
Brittaine
for
any
other
barbarous
nation
;
for
Augustus
,
though
he
had
many
triumphs
over
severall
barbarous
nations
,
yet
never
conquer'd
nor
triumphed
over
Brittaine
.
(
c
)
By
the
name
of
Quirinus
in
this
place
the
Poet
meaneth
Augustus
Caesar
,
and
that
not
farre
fetch'd
,
nor
farre
from
reason
,
but
more
for
the
Emperours
true
honour
;
for
Suetonius
Tranquillus
in
the
life
of
Augustus
,
speaketh
thus
:
Three
parties
of
the
people
by
the
Senats
consent
offered
on
a
time
three
names
to
Octavius
;
the
names
of
Quirinus
,
Augustus
and
Caesar
:
hee
fearing
lest
if
he
should
choose
one
,
he
should
displease
the
other
two
parties
,
accepted
them
all
:
He
was
first
called
Quirinus
,
afterward
Caesar
,
and
last
of
all
Augustus
;
in
which
name
he
ever
remamed
;
and
Virgil
gives
him
all
those
names
.
(
d
)
This
great
flow
of
warre
from
Nil●
〈◊〉
Poet
meanes
when
Marcus
Antonius
,
and
Cleopatra
came
downe
from
thence
to
encounter
Augustus
Caesar
at
Actium
;
〈◊〉
which
warre
they
brought
wonderfull
power
:
for
Marcus
Antonius
besides
the
ayde
of
ten
Kings
,
which
served
him
at
that
time
,
and
all
the
strength
of
Cleopatra
,
had
nineteene
whole
Roman
legions
,
and
twelve
thousand
horsemen
:
his
strength
at
sea
was
five
hundred
sayle
of
fighting
ships
.
In
this
battell
they
were
vanquished
by
Augustus
Caesar.
(
e
)
After
the
victory
of
Actium
,
Augustus
Caesar
marcht
with
a
great
strength
towards
divers
nations
;
who
easily
yeelded
unto
him
.
The
Indians
&
Scythians
(
saith
Suetonius
Tranquillus
)
hearing
of
his
name
onely
begged
his
favour
.
The
Parthians
themselves
yeelded
without
resistance
,
and
their
king
Phraartes
did
homage
to
Augustus
,
gave
him
hostages
,
and
delivered
backe
all
those
Romane
ensignes
which
they
before
had
taken
in
warre
from
Marcus
Crassus
,
and
Marcus
Antonius
the
Triumvir
.
(
f
)
The
horses
here
mentioned
,
and
so
famed
in
Poetry
,
were
these
:
the
horses
of
Castor
and
Pollux
called
Xanthus
and
Cyllarus
:
the
horses
of
Mars
called
Dimos
and
Phobos
:
and
the
horses
of
Achilles
,
called
Xanthus
and
Aethon
.
(
g
)
The
fable
is
thus
:
Saturne
was
in
love
with
Philyra
the
daughter
of
Oceanus
and
Thetis
:
shee
,
to
avoide
the
rape
,
was
transformed
by
her
parents
into
a
Mare
;
upon
which
Saturne
turned
himselfe
into
a
stately
Courser
,
and
so
enjoyed
the
Nymph
:
in
which
shape
also
hee
deceived
his
wife
Ops
,
who
came
thither
of
purpose
to
finde
him
out
,
and
discover
the
fact
▪
of
which
con●●ction
of
Saturne
and
Phylira
,
the
Poets
reported
that
Chiron
the
Centaure
was
borne
.
(
h
)
As
the
Thessalians
were
the
first
of
all
that
ever
invented
the
use
of
riding
on
horse-backe
;
so
Ericthonius
was
the
first
that
taught
posteritie
the
way
of
joyning
horses
together
in
Chariots
.
This
Ericthonius
was
the
sonne
of
Vulcan
,
a
man
of
a
goodly
personage
,
but
deformed
onely
in
his
feete
,
which
were
like
the
feet
of
a
Serpent
.
Hee
to
hide
this
deformity
,
invented
Chariots
,
wherein
hee
might
ride
,
and
nothing
of
him
but
his
upper
parts
exposed
to
the
view
.
(
i
)
Peletronium
is
a
towne
in
Thessaly
,
where
the
use
of
taming
and
riding
horses
was
first
found
:
for
on
a
time
when
Thessalus
the
king
of
that
countrey
was
much
displeased
that
his
Bullocks
ran
〈…〉
(
for
it
should
seeme
the
horse-fly
had
stung
them
)
he
commanded
his
men
,
which
wayted
on
him
,
to
run
after
them
,
and
stop
their
flight
:
they
being
not
able
to
overtake
the
swiftnesse
of
the
Bullocks
,
took
up
on
the
sudden
a
new
invention
;
they
mounted
themselves
upon
horses
backs
,
and
so
with
ease
overtooke
and
turned
them
.
These
men
espied
by
some
of
the
neighbouring
people
,
eyther
as
they
rode
swiftly
by
,
or
else
as
their
horses
bowed
downe
their
heads
to
drinke
of
the
river
Peneus
,
gave
way
to
that
old
fable
of
the
Centaures
:
for
the
people
neere
had
an
opinion
that
they
were
halfe
men
and
halfe
horses
.
But
the
name
of
Centaure
was
therefore
given
them
,
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
because
those
men
,
when
first
they
rods
〈◊〉
horses
were
driving
of
Bullocks
.
(
k
)
Potnia
is
the
Citie
,
of
which
Glaucus
was
,
who
(
as
the
Poets
fained
)
despised
the
sacrifices
and
service
of
Venus
.
The
goddesse
angry
with
his
contempt
,
sent
a
madnesse
to
possesse
the
Mares
which
drew
his
Chariot
;
who
turning
upon
their
Master
,
tore
him
to
pieces
.
The
cause
of
this
fiction
that
Venus
should
send
a
madnesse
into
them
,
is
this
:
Glaucus
to
make
his
Mares
the
swifter
and
fuller
of
mettall
,
kept
them
from
venery
,
which
made
his
Mares
so
furious
,
that
their
ungovern'd
spirit
turned
to
the
destruction
of
their
Master
.
(
l
)
Virgil
speaking
in
this
place
of
the
plague
among
cattell
,
ingeniously
supposeth
that
this
was
the
same
time
,
wherein
that
famous
history
of
Herodotus
was
verified
.
It
was
the
custome
for
the
Votaresse
or
Priest
of
Argos
to
ride
to
the
Temple
of
Iuno
,
drawne
by
two
Oxen
upon
fest●●all
〈◊〉
But
when
it
so
befell
upon
a
solemne
day
that
no
Oxen
could
be
found
to
draw
her
(
the
plague
having
consumed
the
cattell
in
that
countrey
)
her
two
sonnes
Cleobis
and
Biton
put
the
yoakes
upon
their
neckes
,
and
drew
their
mother
to
the
temple
.
The
goddesse
Iuno
,
moved
with
so
great
a
piety
in
these
two
young
men
,
offered
their
mother
that
whatsoever
shee
would
pray
for
in
her
sonnes
behalfe
,
it
should
be
granted
.
The
mother
with
a
pious
answer
entreated
the
godd●sse
that
whatsoever
she
knew
the
most
happy
for
mortall
men
,
shee
would
be
pleased
to
graunt
unto
her
sonnes
:
the
next
morning
the
two
young
men
were
both
found
dead
;
from
whence
it
was
generally
concluded
that
nothing
was
so
happy
for
a
man
as
to
dye
.
FINIS
.
Annotations
upon
the
fourth
BOOKE
.
(
1
)
VIrgil
in
this
fourth
Booke
,
lest
any
businesse
of
a
countrey
life
should
be
wanting
in
his
Georgicks
,
beginnes
here
the
discourse
of
Bees
;
a
subiect
(
though
small
)
●et
,
as
one
observes
,
written
of
by
many
the
ablest
Authours
,
and
in
different
manner
.
Aristotle
first
in
his
booke
intituled
,
De
historia
animalium
,
had
written
with
much
subtletie
,
and
depth
concerning
the
Bees
nature
.
Amongst
the
Latines
,
Varro
in
a
discourse
wondrous
for
the
brevity
,
hath
written
fully
of
them
.
Iunius
Higinius
with
diligence
,
and
walking
,
as
it
were
,
in
a
spacious
field
hath
at
large
discoursed
of
the
nature
of
Bees
:
he
omitteth
nothing
which
the
ancient
Poets
have
pleasantly
fabled
of
that
subject
.
Cornelius
Celsus
in
an
elegant
and
facetious
stile
hath
made
illustration
of
it
,
Columella
,
moderately
,
and
onely
(
as
himselfe
confesses
)
because
it
is
a
part
of
that
subject
,
which
he
had
before
began
;
with
no
great
ardour
hath
expressed
it
.
And
lest
it
should
only
be
written
in
prose
,
our
Poet
in
this
place
in
most
elegant
Verse
,
inferior
to
none
that
ever
was
,
entreateth
of
this
small
subiect
.
(
b
)
The
King
of
the
Bees
(
saith
one
)
it
usually
spotted
more
than
the
rest
,
and
of
a
forme
more
faire
and
beautifull
.
He
is
twice
as
bigge
as
the
common
Bees
;
his
wings
are
shorter
than
theirs
,
but
his
legs
are
straighter
and
longer
;
so
that
his
walking
up
and
down
she
h●●e
is
more
lofty
and
full
of
majesty
.
Vpon
his
forehead
is
a
bright
spot
glittering
in
manner
of
a
d●ad●
me
.
He
wants
a
sting
,
armed
with
nothing
but
majesty
,
and
a
wondrous
obedi●nce
of
the
other
Bees
to
him
.
When
ever
hee
goes
forth
,
the
whole
swarme
●aite
about
him
,
guard
him
,
and
suffer
him
not
to
be
seene
.
When
the
common
Bees
are
〈◊〉
their
worke
,
hee
walkes
to
take
survey
of
●hem
,
he
himselfe
only
being
free
from
labor
.
About
him
still
are
his
guards
and
officers
,
those
strength
hee
uses
in
punishing
the
idle
and
sloathfull
Bees
.
But
others
are
of
opini●n
(
who
deny
the
generation
of
bees
without
●span
)
that
this
great
Bee
,
called
the
King
,
〈◊〉
the
onely
male
in
the
hive
,
without
whose
company
there
can
bee
no
generation
at
all
:
and
therefore
that
all
the
other
bees
doe
per●etually
flocke
,
and
throng
about
him
,
not
●ith
respect
as
to
a
Prince
,
but
desire
as
to
a
Male.
(
c
)
It
was
,
as
most
know
,
an
ancient
fable
,
that
Saturne
the
husband
of
Ops
,
and
father
of
Iupiter
was
accustomed
to
devour
his
owne
children
when
they
were
brought
forth
(
the
reason
of
it
,
was
,
because
Saturne
was
named
the
god
of
time
,
and
all
times
passing
and
returning
revolve
againe
into
themselves
)
which
gave
occasion
to
this
historie
;
when
Iupiter
was
borne
,
his
mother
Ops
fearing
the
cruelty
of
her
husband
to
him
,
concealed
his
birth
,
and
the
Cretans
for
feare
that
Saturne
should
heare
the
childery
,
rung
their
brazen
pans
and
kettles
;
which
noise
the
bees
following
came
to
the
place
where
the
●nfant
was
,
and
sed
him
there
with
honey
:
Iupiter
for
so
great
a
benefit
,
bestowed
on
his
nurses
for
a
reward
this
admirable
g●ft
,
that
they
should
have
young
ones
,
and
continue
their
kinde
without
wasting
themselves
in
Venery
.
Others
report
,
that
Iupiter
being
much
in
love
with
a
faire
Nymph
called
Melissa
,
turned
her
into
a
bee
,
and
for
her
sake
bestowed
priviledges
upon
the
bees
.
(
d
)
The
place
where
bees
first
were
,
is
doubted
of
;
some
report
it
was
Crete
,
where
those
were
which
nourished
Iupiter
;
others
say
they
were
first
seen
in
Thessaly
in
the
time
of
the
reigne
of
Aristaeus
there
;
others
make
Hymetta
,
a
sweet
hill
neer
Athens
,
the
place
;
others
Hybla
an
hill
in
Sicily
:
all
which
places
are
by
Poets
famed
for
nourishing
of
bees
.
Mane
ruunt
(
e
)
A
most
admirable
discipline
,
if
it
may
bee
credited
:
as
soone
as
morning
appeares
,
one
bee
,
whose
office
it
is
,
goes
about
the
hive
,
and
with
three
or
foure
loud
buzzes
,
in
stead
of
a
bell
or
trumpet
,
awakens
them
from
sleep
;
upon
whose
warning
,
they
all
arise
,
and
fly
abroad
unto
their
labor
of
gathering
honey
,
or
other
employments
;
when
evening
returnes
again
,
and
they
come
home
laden
with
honey
;
after
some
short
respite
,
the
same
bee
,
or
some
other
in
his
turn
,
with
the
like
buzze
commandeth
them
all
to
rest
(
after
the
manner
of
Cities
)
except
such
as
are
appointed
to
watch
and
ward
.
(
f
)
This
history
of
Aristaeus
the
son
of
Apollo
,
and
the
Nymph
Cyrene
(
before
mentioned
)
the
first
finder
of
the
use
of
bees
,
was
not
entended
by
the
Poet
to
be
here
inserted
;
this
part
of
the
booke
was
all
compiled
in
honour
of
Cornelius
Gallus
a
Roman
Gentleman
,
the
first
Governour
of
Egypt
under
Augustus
Caesar
(
when
Caesar
after
the
death
of
Cleopatra
had
turned
the
kingdome
of
Egypt
into
a
Province
)
.
This
Gallus
was
himselfe
a
famous
Poet
(
though
only
fragments
remaine
of
him
)
much
beloved
of
the
rest
of
the
Poets
,
and
honoured
by
Virgil
in
his
Bucolickes
.
But
when
afterward
he
fell
into
a
conspiracie
against
Augustus
,
or
,
as
some
report
it
,
accused
for
abusing
the
Province
,
which
he
governed
,
he
was
condemned
,
and
put
to
death
;
and
Virgil
by
the
command
of
Caesar
,
altered
the
halfe
of
his
fourth
booke
,
and
from
the
praise
of
Cornelius
Gallus
turned
it
to
the
history
of
Aristaeus
.
The
story
is
plaine
,
as
the
Poet
has
here
related
it
;
Aristaeus
in
lust
desiring
to
ravish
Eurydice
the
wife
of
Orpheus
,
and
she
in
her
flight
from
him
,
being
stung
with
a
serpent
,
and
so
killed
;
Aristaeus
for
his
offence
was
punished
with
the
losse
of
all
his
stock
,
in
which
he
was
richer
than
any
of
thosetimes
,
&c.
(
g
)
In
this
fable
of
Proteus
,
Virgil
imitateth
Homer
altogether
;
or
rather
borroweth
,
where
in
his
Odysses
Proteus
giveth
Menelaus
instruction
:
but
the
historie
of
Proteus
is
thus
reported
by
Herodotus
in
his
Euterpe
;
Proteus
was
King
of
Egypt
at
that
time
when
Paris
having
raped
Helena
,
was
driven
with
her
by
a
tempest
into
Egypt
.
(
for
when
Troy
was
sacked
Helena
could
not
be
found
there
)
But
Menelaus
after
the
wars
of
Troy
sayled
into
Egypt
,
and
there
being
with
great
courtesie
entertained
by
Proteus
,
hee
received
his
wife
Helena
againe
.
Some
report
,
that
Proteus
being
borne
in
Egypt
fled
from
the
tyranny
of
cruell
Busiris
,
and
came
into
Thessalia
:
but
others
(
of
whose
opinion
it
should
seeme
our
Poet
is
)
say
,
that
he
was
borne
at
Pal●ene
a
City
of
Thessalia
;
and
sailing
into
Egypt
lived
for
a
time
there
;
but
afterwards
returned
againe
into
Thessalia
his
native
countrey
.
(
h
)
Of
this
fable
that
Proteus
before
he
was
bound
,
and
barred
from
all
his
deluding
shapes
,
could
never
prophesie
,
some
have
made
a
physicall
construction
;
for
every
man
has
in
himselfe
lust
,
folly
,
cruelty
and
deceit
;
which
,
as
long
as
they
raigne
uncontrolled
in
him
,
his
nobler
part
,
which
is
nearer
to
the
divinitie
,
that
is
his
wisedome
,
doth
not
appeare
,
nor
cannot
exercise
her
function
,
untill
all
those
are
bound
;
that
is
,
till
a
man
be
freed
from
those
vices
.
From
whence
he
concludeth
,
that
this
Priest
could
not
prophesie
,
nor
receive
the
divinitie
into
him
,
untill
all
these
,
that
is
,
his
fiery
lust
,
his
brutish
cruelty
,
his
wavering
lightnesse
of
minde
,
(
like
fleeting
water
)
were
all
bound
,
and
had
ceased
in
him
.
FINIS
.