A pithie, short, and methodicall opening of the Ten commandements. By Master William Whately, preacher of the word of God at Banburie in Oxford-shire

A PITHIE , SHORT , AND METHODICAL OPENING OF THE TEN COMMANDEMENTS .

THE Law of God consisting of ten distinct commandements , is a perfect platforme of our obedience , acquainting vs with our dutie to God , either 1. Immediatly . 2. Mediatly .

1. Immediatly in regard of himselfe both 1. Principall , in the first commandement . 2. Lesse principall , both 1. For the sorts and kinds of seruice , which are two . 1. Solemne worship in the second commandement . 2. Common worship , in the third commandement . 2. For the dedicating of a set and solemne time , viz. one day in seuen to holy and religious exercises , in the fourth commandement .

2. Our dutie to God mediatly , in regard of our neighbour 1. Seuerally . 2. Ioyntly .

1. Seuerally , in regard of 1. Speciall duties to some , in the fift commandement . 2. Common duties to all for their 1. Persons . 2. Things .

1. Persons in regard of their 1. Safetie , in the sixt commandement . 2. Chastitie , in the seuenth commanment .

2. Things pertaining to their persons , either 1. Goods , in the eight commandement . 2. Good name , in the ninth commandement .

2. Now follow those mediatly which are in regard of our neighbour , or iointly , for all these , so far as respecteth the dispositions and first motions of the soule , in the tenth commandement .

The first Commandement is , Thou shalt haue no other Gods but me , or before me .

IT inioyneth the principall worship of God ; that is , the making of him our God , by yeelding vnto him all such respect as appertaineth to him in regard of his being our Creator , and the first fountaine of all being . This is a totall and generall subiection of the whole man in all the powers of it vnto him , called in Scripture , a being holy as God is holy . Of this commandement we consider , 1. The affirmatiue part , that is to say , the speciall duties it requireth of vs . 2. The negatiue part , that is , what euils it forbiddeth and condemneth in vs .

The duties required herein are of two sorts .

1. Duties of dependance , whereby we make him the chiefe and principall obiect of all the powers of our whole man , so farre as they are capable of him .

2. Duties of conformitie , whereby we order all our powers towards other things in that manner and measure that he doth require , and so become subiect to that authority , power and command , that he hath ouer vs , as a creator : who because he made all things , must needs haue right to appoint how all things should bee ordered , vsed , and disposed .

Duties of dependance are of two sorts .

1. In the principall faculties , called reasonable , because they are all perfected , and doe performe their seuerall operations , by discourse . The reasonable faculties , which may be exercised vpon God , as their obiect , are two , viz. the Vnderstanding and Will.

1. Vnderstanding , which is the power of acquainting our selues with the natures , beings , properties , and differences , by the acts of apprehending , discerning , applying , and in generall discoursing . In this facultie are required three cardinall and principall vertues .

1. Perfect knowledge of God . 2. Faith . 3. Humilitie .

1. Perfect knowledge of God , which is a conceiuing and apprehending of him to be such an one as he hath reuealed himselfe in his word and workes , and that , according to the meanes , age and capacity , of euery man , for measure and degree fully .

2. The second cardinall and principall virtue is faith , which is double .

1. Faith to God . 2. Faith in God .

1. Faith to God , which is an assenting to the truth of all that he shall declare vnto vs , vpon his bare and sole autority , beleeuing because he speaketh , without any further reason , ground or proofe .

2. Faith in God , which is an applying of his loue and fauour vnto euery mans selfe , according to the tenour of that couenant that he doth please to make with vs . The former is called beleeuing God , the latter beleeuing in God .

3. The third cardinall or principall virtue is Humilitie , which is a right discerning of the infinite distance and difference that is betwixt him and vs , acknowledging his vnspeakable excellencies aboue vs , and our most vild basenes in comparison of him .

The second reasonable faculty is the Will , which is the power that the soule hath , to moue it selfe to or from any thing by setling this conclusion in it selfe : I will haue or not haue , doe or not doe , such a thing , or that such a thing bee or not bee .

The duty of which is , to be caried and moued towards God , with the strongest of all its inclinations and motions , willing his being and glory aboue all things , because that is in it selfe , and simply the best of all things , and his fauour and grace to vs aboue all other things , because it is to vs the best of all things .

Hitherto of the duties of dependance in the principall faculties will and vnderstanding . Now follow those in the lesse principall faculties .

2. Lesse principall faculties , such as may be perfected , and performe their seuerall operations without discourse , and therefore are all ( excepting one ) common to vs with the bruit creatures . These are of two sorts .

1. Inward . 2. Outward .

1. The lesse principall faculties inward are also two : 1. The senses . 2. The affections .

The senses called inward are two .

1. Imagination . 2. Memorie .

1. Imagination , or the thinking power , which receiuing the obiects from the senses doth order , moue and dispose them according to its owne liking : and the duty of this is , to be thinking of God continually , more plentifully , largely , constantly , then of all other things . For though he be not subiect to sense , yet from things subiect to sense wee are bound to forme in our selues thoughts of his excellencies ( according to our abilitie of conceiuing , ) viz. of his power , goodnesse , mercie , wisdome , &c. So as the minde of man should more abundantly busie it selfe in such conceits and thoughts of God , then of any other thing in the world , yea of all other things laid together .

2. The second sense called inward is Memory , which is a power of making that thing present to the soule , which is absent from the senses . And the duty of mans soule , so much as concernes this facultie , is a perpetuall and continuall remembring of God ; that is , a representing of him to it selfe as present , though to the senses hee doe not appeare , and that , so as we remember nothing so firmely nor so often as him .

2. Lesse principall faculties inward are called affections , which are powers of the soule , in the reasonable creature , subordinate to the will , whereby the soule worketh it selfe to the seeking and obtaining of good , and shunning and auoiding of euill . Now of these affections there are 4. which may and must be set vpon God , and that with all their strength , and with the fulnesse of their working , and farre more then vpon any or all other things .

1. The first affection is Loue , whereby the soule is moued and inclined to be one with any good thing ; and because God is the best thing , euen goodnesse it selfe , therefore should the soule bee most frequently and earnestly filled with such motions and inclinations towards him .

2. The second affection is Feare , whereby the soule is moued from euill , with a kinde of shrinking and fainting , declining from it , when it is comming . Now because God considered as angry and displeased , is to the creature the greatest euill ( of misery ) that can be conceiued of , therefore ought it decline his anger and displeasure , with the most frequent and earnest motions , aboue all other euill things , not daring so much as once to make any offer of incurring his displeasure , yea shunning and abhorring it , more then all other miseries of punishment , that may be possibly suffered . Now this composition of Loue and Feare is called reuerence .

3. The third affection is Ioy whereby the soule doth receiue comfort and content in a good thing , and is moued to embrace and enioy the same . And because God is the chiefe good , therefore ought the soule to be moued with more vehement and often motions of gladnesse for his excellent glory and happinesse , in himselfe , then for any other thing , and more for his loue , fauour and good will , then for any other thing besides his glory .

4. The fourth affection is Confidence , whereby the soule is moued to rest and stay it selfe vpon any thing , for the obtaining the good it willeth . And because God is of infinite power , and all power is his , neither hath any creature any abilitie to doe any thing without him , therefore must the soule rest it selfe wholly and only vpon him , according to the truth of his promise , for the attaining of all good things both spirituall and temporall .

2. The lesse principall facultie outward , is alone the facultie of speaking , the Conduit of the imagination , and the Interpreter of the vnderstanding . For no outward facultie , except only this of speech , can be in any sort exercised vpon God , as its obiect , but this may : and its dutie is to be continually exercised as any occasion is offered , in speaking good of God . A man is bound to talke much more of God and his excellencies , to the setting forth of his glory , then of any other thing , yea then of all things besides : both because hee is most fully replenished with all excellencies ; and also because the affection of loue which cannot but rule the tongue , ought to be most ardent towards him .

Hitherto of duties of dependance . Now follow the duties of conformitie , these also are to be found in all the powers of man .

1. In the chiefe faculties called reasonable , which are three .

1. The vnderstanding . 2. Conscience . 3 The Will.

1. The vnderstanding , whereof the chiefe graces are three .

1. Perfect knowledge . 2. Perfect faith . 3. Spirituall prudence .

1. Perfect knowledge of the reuealed will of God , according to the measure of age , gifts , and meanes , that euery man enioyeth , so that the minde must apply it selfe more to the searching out of his reuealed will , then of any other things . And the matter of this knowledge is the truths reuealed of God , concerning our duty in precepts and prohibitions ; and the reward of doing our duty in promises , or of not doing it in threats , in vnderstanding of which , the minde must busie it selfe more then in all other knowledge , after the knowledge of God himselfe .

2. The second chiefe grace of the vnderstanding is Perfect faith to and in the promises and threats of God , ( vnder which is also contained faith in his prouidence , the gouerning of all things , and that for the good of his , being one of the things that he hath vndertaken ) whereby we doe stedfastly and fully assent vnto them and apply them each vnto himselfe , according to their nature , and as there is cause and vse .

3. The third chiefe grace of the vnderstanding , is Spirituall prudence , or wisdome , which is the grace whereby we are able to order our selues , and all our actions aright , for the attaining of the true ends of our being , according to the reuealed will of God . It is a readines & nimblenes of minde to make continuall vse of diuine truths reuealed to vs . A fruit of the feare of God , which is deriued from the knowledge of him . It hath two parts . First , consideration whereby the minde doth seriously ponder and consider of the truths knowne . Secondly , heedfulnesse , warinesse , or obseruation , whereby it attendeth to all its owne actions , and all other necessary occasions , for its spirituall good .

2. The second chiefe facultie called reasonable , is Conscience or a knowing with God , which is a power of the soule , whereby it is inabled to discerne of its own estate and actions , in regard of Gods liking or disliking the same . A power to iudge whether God approue and fauour me or mine actions , yea or no : that is conscience , of which we must consider two things .

1. The acts it is to performe . 2. The rule which it must follow in performing these acts .

1. The acts it is to performe are twofold , 1. In regard of our actions . 2. In regard of our estate .

1. The acts it is to performe in regard of our actions are threefold .

1. Good . 2. Bad. 3. Indifferent .

1. Good acts are twofold .

1. Before the doing to call vpon vs and admonish vs to doe them .

2. After the doing to beare witnesse to them , and approue them as well done .

2. Bad acts twofold .

1. Before the doing to curbe , restraine and bridle vs from the doing , inwardly telling vs that wee should not doe them .

2. After the doing , to checke vs , and reproue vs , and vrge vs to confesse , and humble our selues to God for the same .

3. Indifferent acts , to leaue them to our wills as indifferent , and to grant vs liberty of doing or not doing them , as occasion shall serue .

2. The acts performs in regard of our estate , to speake peace vnto vs , to excuse vs , to pronounce vs fauoured & loued of God .

2. The second thing is the rule which it must follow in performing these acts , that is the reuealed will of God , both for the matter , and manner , and measure of working , and not the will of any creature whatsoeuer .

3. The third chiefe faculty called reasonable , is the Will , the vertue of which is flexiblenesse to the will of God , and that in regard of

1. Things by vs to bee done and auoided , that is obedience , which is a full purpose to doe all that God requireth , and leaue all that hee forbiddeth for his sake .

2. Things receiued , or to be receiued from him , immediatly or mediatly , whether the things we receiue be 1. Good , or . 2. Euill .

1. Good and comfortable , and this is thankfulnesse , a firme purpose to require and acknowledge his loue by growing so much more constant in louing and seruing him .

2. Euill and miserable , and this is Patience , being a full purpose with all quietnesse and without any reluctation of will , though the senses and appetite cannot but feele a repugnancie to sustaine any euill that he will inflict vpon vs .

Hitherto the graces of conformitie in the superiour faculties , vnderstanding , conscience , and will : Now follow those that are in the

2. Inferiour and lesse principall faculties , and they are either 1. Inward , or 2. Outward .

1. Inward , which are three .

1. The senses called inward . 2. The affections . 3. The appetite .

1. The senses inward , which are two , 1. Imagination . 2. Memorie .

1. Imagination , which is bound in regard of 1. The obiect of its working . 2. The measure of its working .

1. The obiect of its working twofold .

1. To stirre vp readily and nimbly all manner of good thoughts concerning good things , and to be stedfast and stable in pursuing the same .

2. To keepe out and reiect all manner of euill thoughts , that they arise not out of the soule , and to repell them immediatly being from without suggested .

2. The measure of the working of the imagination , to be more abundant and ready , and stable in thinking of things heauenly , spirituall , and diuine , then of things earthly , and temporall , and momentanie here below .

2. The second sense called inward is the memorie , the graces of which are in regard 1. Of the obiect of its working . 2. Of the measure of its working .

1. The obiect of its working consists in two things .

1. To retaine stedfastly , and readily to recall all good things ( as Gods commandements , promises , threats , benefits , corrections , &c. ) for good at the instant of making vse of them .

2. To blot out and extinguish , at least to keepe backe and not to recall any euill thing that may infect the soule , or any good thing vnseasonably to the hindrance of its dutie .

2. The measure of the working of the memorie to serue the soule more readily in things spirituall , and for spirituall purposes , then for earthly and temporall .

2. The second lesse inward principall facultie are the affections , which are in all , or at least in chiefe ( not to stand vpon a more accurate diuision of them ) seuen paire .

1. Paire . 1. Loue , which is as before . 2. Hatred , which is an affection of dislike , and auersenesse from any thing counted euill . 2. Paire . 1. Feare , which is as before . 2. Courage , an affection of resisting imminent euill danger , not shrinking at it , but rising vp against it . 3. Paire . 1. Ioy , which is as before . 2. Sorrow , whereby the soule feeles the hurt of any euill present . 4. Paire . 1. Hope , which is a passion of waiting , expecting and looking for a good thing to come . 2. Despaire , which is a passion quite contrary . 5. Paire . 1. Anger , a passion of punishing any thing that doth bring euill or hinder good from vs . 2. Kindnesse , a passion of vsing well him that procureth good or hindreth euill from vs . 6. Paire . 1. Shame , a kinde of irking dislike within and against our selues , because of some euill or vndecent thing committed by vs . 2. Boldnesse , a kinde of contentfull and resolute liking of our selues within our selues , because of the absence of things vndecent , and presence of the contrarie . 7. Paire . 1. Reuerence , a dutifull respect to all other in whom we see good things . 2. Contempt , a base and carelesse disposition towards one for the euill things we see in him .

Now the vertues of the affections are twofold .

1. For their obiect . 2. For their measure of working .

1. For their obiect that is twofold .

1. Those vertues that tend to good , and are moued by good , be moued and wrought vpon only by things that are indeed good .

2. Those vertues that are moued by or against euill , be wrought vpon alone by that which is euill indeed .

2. For their measure of working that they be exercised vpon is twofold .

1. Vpon spirituall or Good Euill things more or lesse .

2. Vpon temporall good things as they are more or lesse good , that is to say , helpfull to vs in the seruing of God and assurance of his fauour .

And accordingly must the particular dutie of euery affection be described , which for breuities sake I surcease to doe .

3. The third lesse principall and inward facultie , is appetite , which is a power of being inclined to such things as content the bodily senses , and of being auerse and backward from things that displease them . This is bound to two duties .

1. Dutie to be moued alone towards lawfull contents and delights , euen such as God doth allow and warrant vs to enioy .

2. To be moderately carried euen to those lawfull contents , as from the contrarie , euen in such measure , as that the motions of our will to things of a better and higher nature be not interrupted or hindered thereby .

So much of the inward faculties ; Senses , Affections , Appetite . Now follow the outward inferiour , and lesse principall faculties , which are also three .

1. Speech , which must be speaking , 1. Only and constantly of good things . 2. More readily and plentifully of spirituall then temporall goods .

2. The second outward inferiour and lesse principall facultie is the fiue senses , which we must exercise two waies .

1. Alone vpon good obiects and lawfull , such as may not prouoke vs vnto sin , but rather to good deeds and desires .

2. More nimbly for spirituall then for naturall purposes .

3. The third outward inferiour and lesse principall facultie , is the locomotiue facultie , which must be vsed alone for good and lawfull actions , and must be with more life , constancie , and vnwearisomnesse exercised , in workes that tend to spirituall good then to the naturall .

So much of the affirmatiue part : the negatiue followes , containing a description of the things condemned in this commandement . The sinnes against this precept are of two sorts .

1. Of Omission . 2. Or Commission .

1. Sinnes of omission are by the want and absence of the forenamed graces , which are twofold .

1. Totall , when one is vtterly destitute of them , not hauing them at all . 2. Partiall , when one is defectiue in either of them , and that two waies . 1. For matter extensiuely . 2. For measure and degree intensiuelie .

2 Sinnes of Commission , when a man makes the deuill and himselfe his owne God , as Satan is called the god and Prince of this world , and some men are said to make their bellie their god . This is done two waies .

1. By erecting fained and counterfeit Deities , as the Gentiles are said to worship deuils , when they made gods of Iupiter , Iuno , Pallas , Apollo , Mars , Venus , &c. And the Iewes in offering their sonnes to Molech , are charged to haue offered them vnto deuils .

2. By being vnholy , as Satan is vnholie , possessed with corruptions contrarie to the forenamed graces , according to the will of Satan , and for our owne carnall content . These vices are of two sorts .

1. In respect of dependancie , whereby our depending on God is denied , and a kinde of selfe-dependance challenged , in that we carrie our selues as if we were our owne , which in very deed we are not .

2. The second sort of vices are in respect of conformitie , whereby our subiection to Gods authoritie and will is denied , and we carrie ourselues as if we were to be not at his , but at our owne disposing .

Sinnes against our dependance on God , are to be found in all the faculties of our whole man .

1. In the chiefe and principall faculties . 2. In the lesse principall and inferiour faculties .

1. In the chiefe and principall faculties , viz. 1. In the vnderstanding . 2. In the will .

1. In the vnderstanding , contrarie 1. To knowledge . 2. To faith .

1. To knowledge , there are faults 1. In defect . 2. In excesse .

1. In defect two waies .

1. By a carelesse neglect of the knowledge of God , when one sets not his minde on worke to know him .

2. In blindnesse , darknesse , and vncapablenesse of true knowledge , though he hath vsed all meanes , which hath two degrees .

1. Naturall , common to all .

2. Aduentitious , proper to those that by resisting the meanes , winke with their eies , refusing and scorning to know .

2. The second fault of knowledge in excesse , which is called curiositie , and seemes to be double , viz. 1. A busie prying into the secrets of Gods natures and workes . 2. A turning of our search after him into meere disputes and idle speculations .

2. Now followes the second thing , which the vnderstanding is contrarie to , viz. faith in two respects , 1. In defect . 2. In excesse .

1. In defect two waies .

1. The first is called Atheisme . 2. Mis-beleefe of God .

1. Atheisme is the vice of denying God , which is twofold .

1. Secret . 2. Open.

1. Secret and in the bud , when a man is out of the faintnesse of his consent to the truth ouer-ruled with this vice , though he forme not such a proposition in his minde .

2. Open and expresse , when a man maintaineth that conceit ( that there is no such God as there is ) expressely in his minde .

2. The second defect in faith is , misbeleefe of God , whereby a man conceiueth falsely of Gods nature or attributes , conceiuing him to be other , then he hath shewed himselfe , as Anthropomorphotes , &c.

2. The second thing wherein vnderstanding is contrarie to faith is in excesse , by misapplying of Gods mercie , or presumption , whereby a man beareth himselfe so ouer-bold of Gods goodnesse , as that he robbeth him of the glorie of his iustice .

3. The third fault in the vndestanding against our dependance vpon God contrarie to humilitie , is pride , being a lifting vp our selues aboue and against God , ouer-valuing our selues and vnder-valuing him , of which there are three degrees .

1. Close and secret , when like a King that keepes within , yet it rules and beares sway , a mans cariage witnessing that he sets more by himselfe then God , so all naturall men are proud .

2. The second degree is , when being fatted with wealth it dares shew it selfe , and a man thinkes himselfe some bodie , concealing yet that part of it which stands to abase God , this is high-mindednesse .

3. The third degree , when a man vtters all his euill fancies to himselfe , dreaming that he is God , as they that durst say , I sit as God , and what God can deliuer you out of my hands ?

2. Sinnes against our dependance on God , which are found in the Will , are twofold .

1. Selfe-willednesse , whereby a man moueth his will only to himselfe , inclining to his owne naturall or carnall content , more then to Gods glorie or fauour .

2. A nilling of God , a willing that there were no God at all , out of selfe-guiltinesse , as a theefe wisheth there were no Iudge , a traitor that there were no King .

2. Sinnes against our dependance on God , are to be found in the lesse principall and inferiour faculties , which are twofold .

1. Inward . 2. Outward .

1. Inward twofold .

1. In the senses . 2. In the affections .

1. In the senses .

1. In the imagination . 2. In the memorie .

1. Imagination .

1. By putting away the thought of God out of ones minde , saying to God , depart from vs .

2. By entertaining hard , euill , and blasphemous conceits against God , as they that said , Where is the God of iudgement ?

2. In the memorie , a forgetfulnesse of God , whereby one sets himselfe not to conceiue of Gods presence , saying the Lord shall not see it .

2. Sins against our dependance on God are found in the affections , viz. in all of them that are named before , viz. contrarie ,

1. To the loue of God , and that in two respects .

1. By louing of other things , as pleasure and profit more then God , so couetousnesse is Idolatrie .

2. By hatred of God charged vpon all men , Rom. 1.30 .

2. Contrary to the feare of God in two respects .

1. Fearing men and other things more then him , the feare of man doth bring a snare , saith Salomon .

2. By despising him , setting light by his anger , and being as it were couragious against it , which is securitie , when a man saith he shall see no euill though God seeme angrie .

3. Contrary to the ioy in God in two respects .

1. By reioycing in other things more then in God .

2. Greeuing that there is so great power and excellencie in God , and a very enuying of him and his felicitie .

4. Contrarie to the trust in God in two respects .

1. By trusting in the arme of flesh , resting vpon outward things as riches , friends , &c. for any good thing .

2. By distrusting in God , wauering and shaking , out of doubt of obtaining that good from him that he hath promised .

2. Sinnes against our dependance on God , are to be found in the lesse principall and outward facultie , viz. in the power of speaking and that in two regards .

1. By talking of other things more and oftner then of God .

2. By speaking and vttering hard , wicked , disgracefull , reproachfull , and blasphemous things against him .

So much of sinnes against dependancie : these against conformitte follow .

1. In principall powers . 2. In lesse principall .

1. Principall powers .

1. In the vnderstanding . 2. In the conscience . 3. In the will .

1. In the vnderstanding , contrarie 1. To knowledge . 2 To faith . 3. To wisdome .

1. To knowledge of the will of God .

1. In defect . 2. In excesse .

1. In defect , which are two waies .

1. Not to seeke and know the reuealed will of God though one hath meanes , which maketh ignorance wilfull and affected .

2. Dulnesse and slownesse to conceiue of the truth .

1. Naturall in all . 2. Augmented by winding and striuing against the light .

2. The knowledge of the will of God in excesse by curiositie .

1. In searching into secret things not reuealed . 2 In inquiring after needlesse and idle fables , and questions for disputations sake .

2. The vnderstanding contrarie to faith to and in Gods word and will .

1. In defect . 2. In excesse .

1. In defect .

1. Doubting and vnsetlednesse , when one is not rooted and grounded in the truth , but wauers .

2. Flat infidelitie , when a man vtterly denies the truth , aggrauated by wilfulnesse .

2. In excesse , and that

1. By beleeuing lies , and false doctrines and errors , which if it belong and strong , is called preiudice .

2. Wresting and misapplying the promises of God , without any heed to the threats and precepts .

3. The vnderstanding contrary to wisdome .

1. In defect . 2. In excesse .

1. In defect , folly , which is a peruerting of things to ones destruction , turning all things into matter of making a mans selfe lesse good , more euill , and that hath two maine branches .

1. Vanitie . 2. Headinesse .

1. Vanitie , which hath also two euill heads .

1. Cousening ones selfe with false and fained reasonings , iudging after the appearance and shew , as the Gentiles vanished in their reasonings , and became starke fooles .

2. Hauing meane things in high esteeme , and high things in meane account .

2. Headinesse , which is a mixture of rashnesse in venturing vpon things vnaduisedly , and without due deliberation , and of stifnesse in obstinate persisting in them , what euer come of it .

2. In excesse , and there are two faults .

1. Conceit of wisdome , when a man imagines himselfe wise enough to please God and be saued , though he be so foolish that he will take no direction .

2. Naughtie wisdome , which is

1. Worldly , when a man hath his minde so attentiue to all opportunities of getting the things of this life , that he is made carelesse of heauenly things , chiefly if any opposition come betwixt them .

2. Fleshly , when a man is attentive to take all aduantages and opportunities of seruing his sinfull and corrupt lusts , and passions , being wise to doe euill .

3. Deuillish wisdome , when a man hath his wits about him to defend and maintaine sinne , and to infect himselfe and others more and more , by a maruellous kinde of reaching inuention .

2. The sinnes against conformitie in the principall power of the conscience are twofold .

1. In regard of ones actions . 2. In regard of ones estate .

1. In regard of ones actions they are threefold .

1. In excesse . 2. Defect . 3. In mixture both of excesse and defect .

1. In excesse , by a kinde of erroneous proceeding .

1. In indifferent things , by troubling a mans minde with vnnecessarie scruples , making him to shunne them as sinnes . This is the fault of many a sanctified but ouer-tender conscience , and the world scoffs at it vnder the name of a spiced and straight-laced conscience .

2. In needfull things , by condemning them as if they were sinnes , and troubling a man for doing that he ought to haue done ; as for persecuting a malefactor , or giuing in a iust verdict or testimonie , as if it were cruelty and a shedding of his bloud .

3. In sinfull things , and that two wayes .

1. By sinfull excuses to maintaine them , as if they were not sinnes .

2. By ouer-vehement checking for them , driuing a man from God by despaire , not to him by humiliation , as appeares in Iudas , if we compare his conscience and Peters together .

2. In regard of our actions there is defect , by deadnesse and secrednesse of conscience , when it is as it were gagged and tongue-tied , and neuer doth trouble a man for any ill deed .

3. In regard of our actions there is a mixture of both excesse and defect , by guiltinesse , when it troubles a man for a small matter , and giues him rest for a greater euil , as the Pharisees could swallow a camell , and straine at a gnat , durst not come into the Iudgement Hall before the Passeouer , yet durst hire false witnesses , and become themselues false witnesses against the bloud of Christ Iesus .

2. Sinnes against conformitie in the conscience in regard of ones estate are discerned by two things .

1. Guiltinesse , when it accuseth bitterly , and tells him God hates and will damne him , which it will doe when it begins to looke vpon sinne , vnlesse faith in Christ come betwixt .

2. When it giues a man false comforts , and makes him beleeue that all is well , crying peace , peace , and lulling him asleepe , with a false conceit , that God fauours him , and that he shall be safe for all his sinnes .

3. Sins against conformitie in the third principall power called the Will , contrary to Gods will in two regards .

1. In regard of things to be done by ones selfe . 2. In regard of things to be receiued from God .

1. In regard of things to be done by our selues .

1. By rebellion , a flat badnesse , when a man knowing such a thing to be commanded , shifteth it off , and saith he cannot , but indeed out of some carnall respect will not doe it , or knowing any thing to be forbidden , excuseth himselfe , saith he must needs doe it , and so concludes that he will doe it . This is the sinne of the vnregenerate alone .

2. By hypocrisie , which is a counterfait goodnesse , when a man is willing to seeme good by doing some good things , and leauing some euill , for his owne sake , or for sinister and selfe-regards .

2. The will is contrary to Gods will , in regard of things to be receiued from God , and that either in 1. Aduersitie , or 2. Prosperitie .

1. In aduersitie , by impatience , when a mans will ariseth against either God , or the instrument , with a kinde of violence , and he will not beare this , and why should he beare it ?

2. In prosperitie , by vnthankfulnesse , when a man giues himselfe ouer to deuoure Gods benefits , and makes himselfe thereby more strong in his wickednesse .

Now follow the faults of the lesse principall faculties , and they are two .

1. Inward . 2. Outward .

1. The lesse principall faculties inward are three .

1. The Senses . 2. The Affections . 3. The Appetite .

1. The inward Senses are twofold .

1. The imagination . 2. The memorie .

1. In the imagination .

1. In regard of the obiect of its working . 2. In regard of the measure of its working .

1. In regard of the obiect of its working in two respects .

1. In respect of good things . 2. In respect of euill & sinfull things .

1. In respect of good things .

1. It is dull and dead , and doth not stirre them vp on iust occasions . 2. Fickle and distracted , and pursueth them not , being stirred vp .

2. In respect of euill things .

1. It is very nimble and ready to stir them vp on small occasions . 2. It is stedfast and earnest in pursuing them , and will not giue ouer .

2. In regard of the measure of its working , when it is most ready and earnest and abundant in suing and following thoughts of things earthly more then heauenly .

2. In the second inward sense , viz. the Memorie , and that also in two regards .

1. For the obiect of it . 2. For the measure of working .

1. For the obiect of it .

1. In regard of euill and polluted things . 2. In regard of good and profitable things .

1. For euill and polluted things , when it

1. Retaines them stedfastly , and long , and will not suffer them to die .

2. When it recals them readily and mischieuously , when they doe most hurt , and most hinder good things .

2. In regard of good and profitable things , when

1. It vtterly puts them out of minde , for want of attending , so that they be as if they had neuer beene seene or heard .

2. It casts them carelesly away , and as a thing negligently laid vp , which one cannot finde when he should vse it , euen concealing them when hee should doe good .

2. The measure of working , when it serues a mans turne more readily for things temporall and earthly then for things spirituall .

2. The lesse principall inward faculties are the affections , euen as those seuen paire formerly mentioned , which are also faultie in a twofold regard .

1. In regard of the obiect of their working . 2. In regard of the measure of their working .

1. In regard of the obiect of their working in two respects .

1. When those that are made to be set on good obiects , they set vpon euill , or vpon that , that is but fainedly good : as if a man loue , delight in , hope for , be couragious for , or be kinde for , or be bold in , or reuerence one for , an euill thing , or that , that is but in appearance good .

2. When those that are made to be set against euill things , if they be exercised vpon imaginarie euils , or vpon good things : as if a man hate , grieue for , be in despaire of , feare , or be couragious against , or be angry withall , or despise one for that that is good , or but in seeming euill , as to despise one for pietie or pouertie , to be angry with one for admonition or plaine-dealing , &c.

2. The measure of working of the affections , when they be exercised more plentifully vpon things naturally good or euill , then vpon things spiritually so .

Only let it be noted , that in hope three things are to be considered .

1. The thing hoped for .

2. The grounds of hoping .

3. The persons and things from whom , or by whose meanes the thing is hoped for .

And hope is to be only for good things , to ground it selfe wholly vpon Gods word , and to looke vp alone vnto God , as the foundation of it ; and in this respect it is called confidence .

And the faults of hope are foure .

1. When it looketh for euill things ; as I hope to see thee hang'd , saith some man in his anger .

2. When it is built vpon insufficient grounds ; as I hope to liue merrily , because I haue so good friends .

3. When it doth not worke according to Gods word , but quite contrary ; as I hope to haue heauen , though I liue wickedly .

4. When it is more earnest for things temporall then heauenly , as for goods more then grace .

3. Sinnes of the lesse principall inward facultie are in the appetite , which offends two wayes .

1. In the obiect , when it longeth for vnlawfull contents of the senses , as for another mans wife .

2. When it longs so eagerly after lawfull contents of the bodie , as to diuert the minde from seeking after things more worthy : as a man is so carried to sports , that he neglects prayers , &c. both these sins are called sensualitie or voluptuousnesse , and it is a making of ones belly his God .

2. Faults of the lesse principall faculties outward , viz.

1. Of speech . 2. Of senses . 3. Of the locomotiue facultie .

1. Of speech , in a twofold regard .

1. Of the obiect . 2. Of the measure .

1. Of the obiect , when for 1. Good . 2. Euill . 1. For good , 1. When it is vnready to it . 2. When its wearie of it . 2. For euill , when 1. It s nimble to it . 2. Constant in talking of it .

2. The measure of the speech , when we be more plentifull in speaking of things earthly and carnall , then of things heauenly and spirituall .

2. Faults of the lesse principall faculties outward are of the senses , as principally 1. Of the eye . 2. Of the eare .

1. Of the eye are three .

1. In looking after vanitie . 2. Turning aside from beholding that that might helpe to good . 3. Looking more earnestly when the bodie requires then when the soule .

2. The faults of the eare are 3 also .

1. When it listneth after euill speeches . 2. When it turnes away it selfe from God . 3. It s more attentiue to heare things naturally good then spiritually .

3. The faults of the lesse principall outward facultie , called Locomotiue , are in two regards .

1. Of the obiect of it . 2. Of the measure .

1. For the obiect of it , when a man is 1. Liuely , in vsing it for euill purposes . 2. Weary , in vsing it for good things .

2. For the measure of it , when it is lesse liuely , and more weary in things spirituall then in things naturall , to goe to a market then a Sermon .

Hitherto the first Commandement .

The second followes .

Thou shalt not make to thy selfe any grauen Image , &c.

THE summe of it is to order vs in the solemne worship of God , or exercises of diuine seruice , called vsually , religious exercise . That any thing may be called an act of diuine seruice , three things are required .

1. That it be done with immediate reference to God , in that himselfe or some thing in his stead is the obiect of it .

2. That it doe tend to the doers intention directly and of it selfe to the getting or increasing of some or all the chiefe graces required in the first Commandement , by winning and obtaining them , or some of them from God , when they hope to please and content him by such an act .

3. That there be a separating of ones selfe from all other businesses , to be imployed in such acts wholly and altogether . And euery exercise of religion or of diuine seruice , hath diuers particular actions that be as parts of the whole , and in the orderly vniting of which , the whole it selfe is accomplished , and whatsoeuer is done in such exercise of religion for the end and purpose of pleasing God , and getting grace with respect of conscience to him , as esteeming that he must and will haue it so , or else thy seruice shall not be so well-pleasing and acceptable vnto him . This is a part of worship or of diuine seruice : for example , to offer a young bullocke was an exercise of religion , because the Priest did intend to offer it vnto God with an intention of shewing faith and obedience , and that directly . The doing of it in such a place , with such garments , with such rites , were parts of this worship , or religious exercise , because in all these the intention of the doer was carried to God , accounting the seruice not to be acceptable to him without them , and hoping and purposing by the due obseruation of all these things to please God , to exercise faith and obedience , and other graces , as much as by the very offering it selfe .

So the summe of this second Commandement is to order vs in diuine seruice , and the parts thereof . This Commandement hath two parts .

1. The affirmatiue . 2. The negatiue .

1. The affirmatiue , shewing what God requireth at our hands .

2. The negatiue , shewing what the Lord forbiddeth .

1. The things commanded are of two sorts .

1. For the performance of diuine seruice . 2. For preseruation of it .

1. For the performance of diuine seruice , that it be done according to Gods commandement , which is the true rule thereof , and that for two respects .

1. For the matter of it . 2. The manner of it .

1. The matter of it , in regard 1. Of the obiect or thing worshipped . 2. The parts or kindes of worship .

1. The obiect or thing worshipped must be

1. The liuing God alone .

2. God conceiued of in the pure apprehension of the minde , not represented to the eye or senses by any figure or representation .

2. The parts or kinds of worship , that they be by him appointed . And the seruices by him appointed are of two sorts .

1. Ordinarie . 2. Extraordinarie .

1. Ordinarie , such as are to be done constantly and in a setled course , which are threefold .

1. Publique . 2. Priuate . 3. Indifferent .

1. Publique , and these are two .

1. Preaching of the word , which is the exposition & application of the Scriptures , or any points of doctrine therein contained , by a Minister , vnto the people that must attend thereto .

2. The administration of the Sacraments , or seales of the couenant of grace , either 1. Baptisme . 2. The Lords Supper .

1. Baptisme , which is the seale of our ingraffing into Christ by the Spirit in the washing with water .

2. The Lords Supper , which is the seale of our nourishing in and by Christ , through the giuing and receiuing of bread and wine , consecrate and broken for that end .

2. The ordinarie seruices by him appointed in priuate are two .

1. Conference . 2. Meditation .

1. Conference of any part of Scripture , or point of doctrine therein deliuered , betwixt two or moe , for their fuller edification therein .

2. Meditation , which is a serious considering and applying to each ones selfe some point of doctrine or place of Scripture for a mans owne edification .

3. The seruices by him appointed , which are indifferent , are such as must be done both publiquely and priuately of a Congregation together , or of a few , or of one alone , and these are foure .

1. Prayer , which is a calling vpon God in the name of Christ , with petitions and thanksgiuings , ioyned with confession of sinne and deprecation of punishment .

2. Reading the Scriptures , or other good bookes increating of diuine matters .

3. Catechising , which is a plaine and easie instructing of the simple in the grounds of Christian doctrine by briefe and familiar Questions and Answers , either by the Minister in publique , or the gouernours in priuate , or some able bodie in their place .

4. Singing of Psalmes , that is , vttering of holy matter in musicall numbers and tune , either with voice alone , or instruments and voice .

2. Extraordinarie seruices by him appointed are such as are to be done now and then vpon speciall occasion , which are 3.

1. Fasting , which is the bestowing of an artificiall day or more in exercise of humiliation and reconciliation to renew and increase repentance and faith , for the remouing or sanctifying of some punishment , or obtaining of some benefit at Gods hand .

2. Feasting , which is the bestowing of a like time in exercise of reioycing for the testifying and increasing of thankfulnesse for some speciall benefit .

3. Vowes , which is a binding of ones selfe to God by a solemne promise , or rather oath , to doe or not to doe some thing lawfull , possible , and vsefull for our increase in godlinesse .

Hitherto for the matter of diuine seruice : now for

2. The manner of the performance of diuine seruice , which is threefold .

1. A due preparation before . 2. A right cariage in them . 3. A right making vse thereof after .

1. A due preparation before , for the heart being vnfit for them , as the vntuned instrument to play vpon , must be set in tune : and this preparation is twofold .

1. Common . 2. Speciall .

1. Common to all religious exercises , which is fourefold .

1. Knowledge of the nature and vse of that seruice out of Gods word .

2. Repenting or renewing our repentance for our sinnes , which is washing the hands in innocencie .

3. Some short prayer or lifting vp the heart to God for his assistance and blessing vpon the same .

4. Preconsideration of God that is worshipped , of our selues that worship , and of the fruit and benefit of the worship , that is to be performed vnto him by vs .

2. The due preparation before , speciall to some , is fourefold , viz.

1. The word , an hearing eare , that is , labouring to renew in our selues a firme purpose of knowing and doing the whole will of God that shall be reuealed vnto vs .

2. Prayer , calling to minde our owne wants , sinnes , and benefits , and Gods promises , and power to performe his promises .

3. The Sacraments .

1. Examining and iudging of our selues . 2. Premeditation of Christs sufferings . 3. Stirring vp an hungring and thirsting after Christ and his benefits .

4. A vow , a speciall deliberation concerning the lawfulnesse and fitnesse of the thing vowed , that it may not intangle vs , and doe vs more harme then good .

2. The second manner of performing diuine seruice , is in a right cariage in them , that they be done in these foure respects .

1. Truly and sincerely vpon the right mouing causes , Gods commandement and will , and our owne dutie and need , and for the right ends , viz. the pleasing of God , and procuring of grace , and increase of vertue in our soules .

2. Reuerently , with a speciall apprehension of Gods presence and greatnesse , and the louing and awfull stooping thereto . 1. In our inward man of the heart . 2. In our outward demeanour of the bodie .

3. Faithfully , with a beleeuing of Gods truth therein , and the promising to our selues the blessing he hath promised .

4. Deuoutly , that is , with a diligent attention of the minde to the words and matter and whole worke in hand , and a kindly worke of the seuerall affections , according to the nature of the exercise and its seuerall parts .

3. The third manner of performance of diuine seruice , is a right making vse thereof after , which is done two wayes .

1. Common to all . 2. Speciall to some .

1. Common to all , that we see and obserue how we grow thereby in all the graces of the inuer man , commanded in the first Law .

2. Speciall to some , viz. to foure .

1. To the word , that we doe call our selues to an account after , what we remember , meditating vpon it , and applying to our selues , and if we haue occasion , conferring it with others .

2. To prayer , that we wait vpon God , obseruing whether he grant our requests , and heare vs yea or no , and quietly tarrying his leisure , and fitting our selues for hearing .

3. To the Sacraments , that we haue constant recourse to them in all temptations to confirme our selues in obedience and faith .

4. To vowes , that wee be carefully mindfull of them to fulfill them .

Hitherto of that that is commanded for the performance of Gods seruice . Now for the preseruation of the same .

2. The second sort of the things commanded , is preseruation of diuine seruice in its puritie and honour , for which end are required two things .

1. Church maintenance . 2. Church discipline .

1. Church maintenance , where note

1. Who must yeeld it . All those that are taught in the word , and are to serue God .

2. What they must yeeld , viz. Tithes of their ordinarie increase ordinarily , and offerings of their extraordinary blessings and increase vpon speciall occasions .

2. The second thing required , is Church discipline , which respects 1. The Ministerie . 2. The whole Congregation .

1. The Ministerie , and is an assigning of fit men to fit offices by those that are intrusted with this worke , so that here we must know three things .

1. What officers are required in the Church . 2. What men must be assigned to these offices . 3. By whom and in what manner .

1. what officers are required in the Church , mentioned in Scripture , seeme to me fiue , I meane in the New Testament , which are these .

1. Apostles . 2. Euangelists . 3. Prophets . 4. Pastors . 5. Deacons .

1. Apostles .

2. Euangelists , viz. the 12. and the 70 called by Christ to be Teachers first of Iewrie , after of all the world , and to constitute and rule the Churches called . Now these in regard of the latitude of their iurisdiction , and some extraordinarie gifts , were extraordinarie ; but in regard of the parts of their function , viz. preaching , administring the Sacraments , gouerning the Churches , they were not extraordinarie , for these things are still to be done , and therefore to them in these parts of office , doe Bishops ( as the word is now commonly vsed ) lawfully by a warrantable and needfull constitution of the Church succeed , being men appointed to doe the same things ordinarily in some precinct or Diocesse , that they were to doe extraordinarily in all the world .

3. Prophets , which were 1. extraordinarily endued by diuine inspiration with power of foreseeing things to come , or interpreting harder places of Scripture , who had no power of gouernment aboue other Ministers . 2. Ordinarie men , by studie enabled with gifts to preach the word of God , and accordingly allowed thereto , without any assignement to any speciall charge , and such are our Students in Diuinitie , Preachers , Vniuersitie Diuines , Lecturers , &c.

4. Pastors , called also Bishops , Presbyters , Teachers , and Elders , for all these names are of one officer , being men assigned according to the orders of the seuerall Churches , to attend the worship of God , and saluation of men , in some one setled Congregation .

5. Deacons , called also I suppose , helpers , being men assigned to the helping and seruing of the Pastors , in such parts of the Ministerie as they could discharge , but without power of gouerning , and therefore called in a speciall manner , seruants , because they were common seruants of the Pastors and people in what publique seruices of the Church they should be appointed , as reading , baptizing , if they were able , preaching , gathering & distributing almes , and the like .

2. The second thing we must know , is what men must be assigned to these offices , viz.

1. To the higher offices of Pastors or Bishops , men vnspotted of criminous faults in their liues , and of learning and knowledge in the Scripture , to teach , exhort , and confute the gaine-sayers in some such measure as is not required of all common Christians .

2. To the inferiour office of Deacons , men of vnspotted life and sound in faith .

3. The third thing we must know , is by whom and in what manner , that is , with what solemnities , and in what degrees they must be assigned . And here I suppose the Scripture hath precisely determined nothing , but left it to the discretion of the seuerall Churches to take fit wayes for their owne best commoditie : for there is no precept expressed in Scripture , saying , Let such men in such orders assigne Ministers or consecrate them , nor any equiualent that can be deduced out of Scripture . And as for examples , that goe single without precept , they shew what may be done , and are a good allowance , they cannot proue what must be done , neither are any obligation to the conscience , for only by the Law comes the knowledge of sinnes , and where there is no law there is no sinne . Now in these particulars there is neither any law , nor any vniforme example : wherefore in these cases , there is neither necessitie nor sinne , but a libertie of taking different courses in diuers places , as shall seeme best to the Churches and Christian gouernours ; for God knew in his wisdome , that it was not fit to tie all kindes of Ciuill Estates and Gouernments to one order in this behalfe , and therefore hath he laid no such tie vpon man . And it s a rashnesse in men to tie themselues or others , where God hath not tied .

This is one part of Church discipline , respecting the Ministerie , viz. the assigning of fit men to fit offices . A second is the deposing of the vnfit ( viz. those that runne into scandalous conuersation , & teach false and dangerous doctrine ) from these places , to be done by the same that assigned them .

Hitherto that part of Church discipline , that concernes the Ministerie . Now followes that which respects

2. The whole Congregation , and is twofold .

1. Priuate . 2. Publique .

1. Priuate , concerning euery member of the Congregation in a twofold regard .

1. In regard of a mans selfe , if he haue sinned to the scandall of the Church , to confesse his fault , and giue satisfaction to the Congregation , submitting himselfe to censure .

2. In regard of each other mutually , and that three wayes .

1. To admonish those that scandalously offend , both alone and with another , or two .

2. To complaine to the Congregation publiquely of them , that will not by such priuate admonitions repent .

3. To shun the familiaritie and societie of such as refuse to shew repentance and amendment after these meanes vsed .

2. The Church discipline is publique pertaining to the gouernours and rulers of the Church , which is threefold .

1. To admonish . 2. To excommunicate . 3. To receiue the repentant againe into the communion of the Church .

1. To admonish the offenders that are publiquely scandalous , and offensiue .

2. To excommunicate : now of excommunication it is necessarie to shew , 1. What it is . 2. For what offences it must be executed . 3. In what manner it must be pronounced and executed . 4. By whom it must be done .

1. What it is , it is the sentencing and censuring of an offender ( as one that in the iudgement of charitie , can be accounted no better then in the state of damnation ) to be excluded the externall communion of the Saints .

2. For what offences it must be executed , viz. for sinnes that are , 1. Scandalous and publiquely offensiue . 2. Grosse , plaine and palpable . 3. Stood in impenitently against admonition .

3. In what manner excommunication must be pronounced and execured .

1. Solemnly and publiquely in a very serious fashion .

2. Leisurely and with great deliberation , after much waiting for the repentance of the offender .

4. By whom this excommunication is to be done . I answer by the Gouernours of the Church , or such as they shall commit their power vnto . For the power of the keyes is the Churches , and questionlesse they who haue authoritie to preach and administer the communion are fittest to exclude the vnworthy from the communion .

3. The third part of Church discipline publique pertaining to gouernours is to receiue the repentant againe into the Communion of the Church , and to confirme their loue vnto them by publique approbation .

So much of the affirmatiue part of this commandement : the negatiue followes . Now this commandement is broken , 1. By omission . 2. By commission .

1. By omission of any of the things commanded , either in whole or in part , either for matter or manner .

2. By commission of things quite contrary , and that two waies .

1. Directly . 2. Indirectly .

1. Directly .

1. For the performance of worship . 2. For the preseruation of it .

1. For the performance of worship .

1. By false worship . 2. By abuse of the true worship .

1. By false worship inuented by man , 1. In regard of the thing worshipped . 2. In regard of the worship it selfe .

1. In regard of the thing worshipped , when worship ( that is , any religious seruice appointed by God to be done to himselfe , or any like act in the imitation thereof ) is yeelded , 1. To any creature . 2. To the Creator vnder any sensible picture .

1. To any creature that is not God , whether 1. To the deuill , as Witches and Magicians doe . 2. To Angels or Saints true or false . 3. To the Sunne , Moone , or Starres , or the like . 4. To Images and pictures of any thing whatsoeuer .

2. To the Creator , vnder any sensible picture or representation made by mans hand .

2. Inuented worship it selfe , when it s not appointed by God , but inuented by man , which is called will-worship , as the former ( where there is a mistaking in the obiect ) is called Idolatrie .

2. Abuse of the performance of true worship , and that 1. For the matter of it . 2. For the manner .

1. For the matter of it , and that two waies .

1. By detracting of those parts , which God hath appointed .

2. By adding of new parts of mens heads without Gods appointment . Now a part of worship is added , when some act is by mans appointment performed , together with those that God hath appointed , out of a religious conscience for the pleasing of him , and getting of grace from him : otherwise acts of solemnitie , in the manner of celebrating any seruice , not done with respect of religious conscience to God , nor with intention of pleasing him , and getting grace from him , but alone for solemnitie and orders sake , are not to be esteemed addition to the worship .

2. The abuse in the manner of the performance , when Gods worship is done , is fourefold .

1. Impenitently , men liuing in their sinnes .

2. Rudely and vnreuerently , with a contemptuous behauiour of bodie and minde .

3. Hollowly , for meere outward respects , or one cannot tell why , alone for custome .

4. Formally , with respect alone to the outward acts themselues , not regarding the vse , fruit and power thereof to the soule .

Hitherto for the performance of it .

2. Directly , forthe preseruation of worship , when it is not preserued and honoured , but discredited and destroyed , and that two waies .

1. By sacriledge , in peruerting the holy goods , tithes , and offerings , to common and prophane purposes .

2. By abuse of discipline in a twofold regard .

1. Of the ministerie . 2. Of the congregation .

1. In regard of the ministerie foure waies .

1. When a false ministerie is established , that is , a function of doing such things , as God hath not appointed to be done .

2. When wicked Ministers and insufficient , are admitted and tolerated .

3. When good and painfull Ministers are excluded for contentions sake .

4. When men not at all assigned to any ministerie , are suffered to performe , and doe performe the ministeriall actions .

2. The abuse of discipline , in regard of the congregation , and that is two waies .

1. In regard of priuate men . 2. In regard of the Gouernours .

1. In regard of priuate men , when they contemne and despise the Church censures , and are obstinate against either priuate or publique admonition or excommunication .

2. When they doe freely and familiarly conuerse with obstinate offenders , chiefly the excommunicated .

2. Abuse of discipline , in regard of Gouernours , is twofold .

1. The abuse of excommunication . 2. The abuse in excesse of rigour to the penitent .

1. The abuse of excommunication is , when it is pronounced and exacted foure waies .

1. For no iust cause , as for trifles and small matters , much more for well doing .

2. Against those that are humble , and readie to shew their repentance .

3. By those that haue no power , or authoritie to intermeddle therein . As those that are not Ministers of Gods word .

4 Carelesly and rashly , hand ouer-head and in priuate chambers , as it were in hugger mugger .

2. The abuse of excommunication , in excesse of rigour to the penitent , by reiecting them from publique entertainment in the communion of the Church , though they doe relent and humble themselues , and professe repentance . Or on the other side , by receiuing them in for rewards sake , that shew none or but a very ouert and slithy kinde of repentance .

Hitherto the direct breaches of this commandement : It is also broken ,

2. By commission of sinnes , quite contrarie : Indirectly two waies .

1. By occasions of false worship . 2. By appearances of false worship .

1. By occasions of false worship two waies , first either 1. To others . 2. To our selues .

1. To others .

1. By making or retaining instruments of Idolatrie , as Idols and the like .

2. By commending , maintaining , or perswading any false worship , much more inforcing vnto it by commandements , threats or punishments .

2. To our selues , by familiar societie , leagues , and vnnecessarie couenants with Idolaters , and an vncautelous venturing vpon their bookes , or going to their seruice .

2. The second way , by appearances of false worship two waies .

1. By all kinde of allowance by word , or writing , or silence when there is iust cause of speaking , through feare or lucre , or the like , though one in heart meane otherwise .

2. By ioyning with them , in the externall acts of false worship , pretending or intending to keepe his heart to himselfe , and not to meane as they meane .

Hitherto the second Commandement : the third followes .

Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vaine .

THis Commandement enioynes that , which for distinctions sake , may be called the common worship of God , that is , the right carriage of our selues , for his honour in all our common affaires , so far forth as we haue any thing to doe with him therin . For God being euery where present & in all actions , we hauing perpetual occasion of a kinde of conuersing with him , and those things that are his , it is meet that in all these , as well as in exercises of religion , we should shew our due respect of him .

The name of God signifies two things .

1. Himselfe , by any meanes manifested vnto vs .

2. All those things , by which ( as it were signes ) he pleaseth to make himselfe knowne vnto vs . All which are referable vnto two heads .

1. Common to all , as the great workes 1. Of creation . 2. Prouidence , vpholding and ruling all things .

2. Peculiar to his Church two waies .

1. His Scriptures . 2. His workes of grace , and speciall goodnesse .

1. In his Scriptures , comprehending vnder them three things .

1. His doctrine of life and saluation , called vsually , the religion of the Church . 2. His titles whereby he is called . 3. His attributes , whereby he worketh .

2. In his workes of grace and speciall goodnesse , as predestination , redemption , iustification , sanctification , &c.

To take the name of God , is to haue any occasion of vsing , or mentioning any of the fore-named things , in our common actions of life . In the solemne worship of God , we are taken vp of Gods name , sequestring our selues from all other things , and giuing our selues wholly thereto , but in the common acts of life we take them vp , vpon diuers occasions , vsing them in and with our other affaires .

The parts of this commandement are two .

1. Affirmatiue . 2 Negatiue .

1. Affirmatiue , shewing what things are required in this commandement .

2. Negatiue , shewing what things are forbidden .

The duties required , are of two sorts .

1. A due and orderly vsing of holy actions . 2. The right behauing of our selues to Godward , in our common affaires and businesses .

1. A due and orderly vsing of such holy actions , as come to be performed in and with our common businesses , by which God is called after a speciall manner , to inter-meddle with the same . For an holy action is that , whereby God is the immediate and next obiect , and by his appointment tendeth directly to the exercising of holinesse , in part or in whole . Now there are two such holy actions , which are of frequent vse , in and with our common affaires , viz.

1. An oath . 2. A sacred or diuine lot .

1. An oath , of which we must know , 1. The nature . 2. The vse .

1. The nature , by considering three things .

1. The person to be sworne by . 2. The parts of this oath . 3. The purpose or vse thereof , to which these actions are to be applied .

1. The person to be sworne by , or the obiect of the oath , which must be God alone , Thou shalt sweare the Lord liueth .

2. The parts of this oath , or the seuerall actions included and implied in it , which are foure .

1. An assertion , by way of affirming or denying , either barely or with obligation to or from something .

2. An acknowledgement of Gods omniscience , omnipotence and iustice , and other like attributes .

3. An inuocation of him , to beare witnesse to the truth , of what we say .

4. An imprecation against our selues , if we doe speake falsly , that is , a referring ouer of our selues , and offering our selues into his hand to be punished by his power and iustice .

3. The third thing to be considered , is the purpose or vse , to which these actions are to be applied , that is the ending of a controuersie , that cannot otherwise be ended conueniently . So that an oath is a religious seruice of God , whereby we referre our selues vnto God , as a competent and fit witnesse , and Iudge of the truth and falshood of our speeches , about a matter controuerted , for the ending thereof .

2. We must know the vse of an oath , in regard of two things .

1. Of iust occasions of vsing it , viz. in a matter of some weight or moment , either in it selfe , or in the consequents or effects of it ,

1. For the satisfying of another , that requires and will accept it .

2. Binding of ones selfe either to another , or only to himselfe , as Iacob caused Ioseph to sweare , and Ionathan and Dauid sware to each other , and Solomon sware that Adonia should die .

2. We must know the iust manner , in regard of vsing it vpon such an occasion , which is either in 1. Iudgement . 2. Truth . 3. Righteousnesse .

1. In iudgement , that is , in a serious consideration of the cause of our swearing , and greatnesse of the name of God , by which we sweare ,

2. In truth , that is , a perfect agreement betwixt the meaning of the words of him that sweareth , and betwixt both these and the things themselues of which the speech is , and that agreeably also to the intentions of him to whom the oath is tendered , so farre as he shall manifest his intentions to him that sweareth .

3. In righteousnesse , that is , with reuerence to God , care of doing good , not hurt vnto our neighbours , by our swearing , and aiming at the right end , euen the determining of a doubt quietly , by interposing Gods name , to shew our high opinion of him . For now God and man hath his due , and that is righteousnesse in euery act , that euery one whom it concerneth , may haue that which is due to him therein .

2. A sacred or diuine lot , which being of the same nature with an oath ( as concurring with it in the efficient cause Gods appointment , who saith , the lot shall cause contention to cease , and in the matter an acknowledgement of certaine holy attributes of God , and our subiection thereto , and in the end , to settle quietnesse amongst men , by making God their vmpire ) must needs be accounted no otherwise of , then an holy thing : And of this consider we also two things .

1. The nature of it . 2. The vse of it .

1. The nature , for the constituting of which , there are three things required .

1. A matter in doubt and controuersie , not yet agreed vpon .

2. A casuall act , that is , an act , the falling out of which , depends meerely vpon the disposition of Gods prouidence ( which is foolishly called , lucke or chance ) and not at all vpon the wit , will , skill , or actiuitie of man , as Solomon faith , the whole iudgement or disposition of the lot , is of God .

3. The referring of that matter in doubt , to be decided by the euent of that casuall act , either by agreement of parties , or appointment of superiours , wherein are necessarily implied and contained three things .

1. An acknowledgement of Gods Soueraigntie and wisdome , to dispose of all things .

2. An inuocating of God to vse his power , and wisdome , for the ending of the present controuersie .

3. A tying of our selues to submit our selues to his determination , so that a lot , is the referring of a matter in doubt vnto God to determine , by the speciall disposition of his prouidence , ordering the euent of a casuall act , and we may conceiue it to be nothing else , but an actuall compendium of a prayer .

2. The vse of it , to which end we must know two things .

1. Vpon what occasions to vse it . 2. In what manner to vse it .

1. Vpon what occasions to vse it . Now there is no vse of it , but deciding of a matter in controuersie ; All controuersies or doubts are of some of these three things , either 1. Of things past . 2. Of things present . 3. Of things to come .

1. Of things past , which a lot serues not for , viz. to finde out who hath done this or that .

2. Of things present , which cannot neither be determined by Lot .

3. Of things to come , which are of two sorts .

1. Contingent , doubtfull and vncertaine euents and accidents , as Hamon vsed a lot to finde , whether his deuice against the Iewes should prosper , for which a lot now serueth not at all .

2. The dispositions , or distributions of rewards , punishments , labours , offices , &c. and for these a lot serues , witnesse Salomon , that saith , it makes diuision among the mightie . Only controuersies about such matters are either

1. Made and counterfeit , by the vanitie of man , when in nature no such thing doth need to be , God hauing alreadie put the matter out of controuersie , as the case is in all Lotteries , and sure God will not allow vs to make a knot for him to vntie .

2. Reall and existent in nature , and these are either 1. Triuiall , or 2. Weightie and of moment .

1. Triuiall and sportfull , which God will not haue put to him to end , for it were an abasement vnto him .

2. Weightie and of moment , either in themselues or the effects , and consequences of them , and these , God that loues concord amongst men , is willing to decide .

2. Is required , in what manner to vse it , when such occasion is offered , viz.

1. With due obseruation of Gods prouidence in it .

2. With a willing submission vnto his prouidence in the disposition thereof .

So much for the due vse of holy things , that come often-times to be ioyned with our common affaires .

2. Now followes the right behauing of our selues to God-ward in our common affaires and businesses themselues , so farre as they doe any way touch God : that is twofold .

1. Inward . 2. Outward .

1. Inward twofold .

1. In regard of Gods actions . 2. In regard of our owne actions .

1. In regard of Gods actions , that he doth before , whether generall or speciall , common or particular , of iustice or mercie , to our selues or others .

1. The seeing of him in them , that is , obseruing and taking notice , that they be his workes .

2. The making a right vse of them , to build vp our soules in knowledge of him , and in all holy affections of loue , feare , &c. towards him . And here are especially required two things : for

1. Benefits which our selues receiue , a making them meanes of stirring vs vp to thankfull obedience .

2. Corrections laid vpon our selues , a making vse of them to increase our patience and repentance .

2. In regard of our actions of any kinde which we doe , viz. a liuing to God and not to our selues , and referring them to him by an actuall intention of pleasing and glorifying him , for whatsoeuer we deliuer : eating and drinking by Paul is ordained to be done to the glory of God .

2. The right behauiour of our selues towards God outward in regard of 2. things .

1. Of our speeches . 2. Of our deeds and actions .

1. Of our speeches and words 4. wayes .

1. By good salutations sincerely and respectiuely vttered , as betwixt Boaz and his reapers .

2. By a reuerent mention of Gods titles and attributes vpon any occasion , that it may appeare we feare the glorious name of God .

3. By conferring together of his works and of his word , as we goe about our other businesses , to stir vp our selues and others the more to serue and praise him .

4. By making confession of his truth , and standing to defend it against cauils according to ones abilitie .

2. The right behauiour of our selues towards God outward is in our deeds and actions , and that two wayes .

1. Generally . 2. More particularly .

1. Generally by two wayes .

1. By walking as becommeth the Gospell of Christ , vrging our selues to a very precise and wise cariage of our selues , that the name of God by our meanes may not heare ill , but well .

2. By resolute suffering for the names sake of Iesus Christ , and for righteousnesse sake , which if it be to bloud is called martyrdome .

2. More particularly , by a sanctified vse of any of Gods creatures , or of any thing whatsoeuer that we doe , to which end foure things are required , viz.

1. Knowledge out of the word of God concerning the lawfulnesse of our doing such things or enioyning such , for all things must be sanctified to vs by the word , as a good seruant will venture on nothing , but what he knowes will please his master .

2. Crauing Gods leaue blessing in the vse of meat , drinke , mariage , or any thing , as we take no mans goods out of his house , but first we aske him leaue .

3. Returning of thanks to God for his goodnesse , as we thanke our neighbours , if we bring home some borrowed thing .

4. Moderation in the vse of them , by proportioning the measure to the end , as a seruant being sent to his masters coffer , takes out so much as will dispatch the appointed businesse and no more .

Hitherto of the affirmatiue part of the third commandement : the negatiue followes , shewing the sinnes by which this commandement is broken are 2.

1. By sinnes of omission . 2. By sinnes of commission .

1. By sinnes of omission , in not doing any of the things required ( either for matter or manner , either in whole or in part ) when iust cause of doing them is offered .

2. By sinnes of commission , in doing things contrary to those that are commanded , and that in a twofold respect .

1. By abusing those holy actions that are to be admixed with our common affaires .

2. By disorderly cariage of our common deeds .

1. By abusing those holy actions &c. which are two .

1. An oath . 2. A lot .

1. An oath , which is abused two wayes .

1. For the taking thereof . 2. For the keeping thereof .

1. For the taking thereof in regard of 1. The matter . 2. The manner of vsing when it is taken .

1. The matter .

1. For the obiect . 2. For the subiect .

1. For the obiect or thing sworne by , if it be an Idoll or a creature .

2. The subiect or thing sworne to in an

1. Assertiue oath , when the thing sworne to is light and triuiall , too meane for an oath to be vsed in it , or plaine and euident , not needing an oath .

2. In a permissiue or obligatorie oath , if the thing be either 1. Impossible , and cannot be done . 2. Vnlawfull , and cannot be done but sinfully .

2. Followeth the manner of vsing an oath , when it is taken 1. Ignorantly , a man not being informed of the nature of an oath . 2. Causlesly , without any iust inducement thereto . 3. Irreuerently , without apprehension of Gods greatnesse . 4. Ragingly , in the bitternesse of passion . 5. Maliciously , with intention of hurting any man . 6. Falsly , and the falshood of an oath is either

1. Vnwittingly , when a man sweareth as he conceiueth and thinketh , but not as the thing is .

2. Wittingly , and that either 1. Open and manifest . 2. Cloaked and coloured .

1. Open and manifest in an oath , 1. Assertorie . 2. Obligatorie .

1. Assertorie , when one doth either 1. Know it to be false . 2. Conceiues it to be false , though it be not so .

2. Obligatorie , when a man neuer hath a purpose to fulfill it , but seeketh to serue his present turne .

2. Cloaked and coloured by aequiuocations and reseruations , whereby one seeketh to delude him to whom he sweareth .

2. An oath abused in regard of the keeping it two wayes .

1. When one doth neglect to fulfill a lawfull oath for feare , lucre , or any like cause .

2. When one proceeds to fulfill an vnlawfull oath for vaine-glory , or a false conscionablenesse of it .

2. A second holy action abused , that is , admixed in our common affaires , is a lot , which is abused two wayes .

1. In regard of the matter . 2. In regard of the manner .

1. In regard of the matter , when it is applied to end 1. Made and counterfeit differences . 2. Sportfull and trifling differences .

2. It is abused in regard of the manner , when it is vsed

1. Ignorantly , without information of its nature .

2. Colludingly , with making a shew of lottery , when a man hath a close tricke to dispose of the act , seeming casuall , at his owne pleasure .

3. Profanely , without any regard of Gods prouidence in it , and with chafing against the euent .

2. Abusing these holy actions , by disorderly cariage of our common deeds , and that in a twofold respect .

1. In inward deeds . 2. In outward deeds .

1. In inward deeds , 1. In regard of Gods workes . 2. In regard of our owne workes .

1. In regard of Gods workes , 1. When we attribute them to other causes , either 1. False at all , as to fortune and chance . 2. True , too eagerly , so as to neglect God , as 1. To our friends , if there be good done by them . 2. To our foes , if they be aduerse from them . 3. To our selues and our owne industry , &c. 4. To the course of nature . 2. When wee peruert them to euill purposes , as in particular , 1. Good & prosperous things . 1. To harden our selues in sinning . 2. To nourish pride and conceit of our selues . 2. Aduerse and euill . 1. To murmur against God and fret . 2. To waxe obstinate in our sinnes , for all that he doth correct vs .

2. In regard of our disorderly cariage in our owne workes , when we doe wholly seeke and serue our owne profit , pleasure , credit in them : but worst of all , if we seeke in them the fulfilling of our sinfull affections .

2. Our disorderly cariage outward , and that in a twofold regard , 1. Of our words . 2. Of our deeds .

1. In regard of our words contrary to foure things .

1. To good salutations .

1. By good wishes , vttered 2. waies .

1. Alone formally , without any good desire of heart . 2. Falsly and fainedly , with a wishing of euill in heart .

2. By bad wishes or curses of all kindes , specially wherein the deuils name is interposed , which is as it were an inuocation of Satan .

2. Contrary to the respectiue mentioning of Gods titles and attributes by two wayes .

1. By heedlesse and formall mentioning them .

1 In admiration , as , good Lord . 2. In intreaty , as , for Gods sake , not thinking of God . 3. And all such like .

2. By blasphemous , scornefull , abusiue mentioning of them , tending to reproach and disgrace the name of God .

3. Contrary to good conference of Gods word or workes .

1. By iangling and wrangling speech of any good thing , meerely for contention , ostentation , victorie .

2. By iesting at any phrase or place of Scripture , or any speciall worke of God .

3. By misalledging or misapplying either the workes of God , or the Scriptures , and that in three respects .

1. In spels and charmes , which is to serue the deuils turne with them , and make them as it were sacraments of the deuill .

2. In maintaining any wicked practise or false opinion .

3. In maintaining euen a good deed and the true opinion , whereto they doe not serue without wresting .

4. By cauilling against the word of God , or any of his workes ; in seeking to impute falshood , iniustice , &c. vnto the same .

4. Contrary to confession of Gods truth foure wayes .

1. By denying the truth through feare or lucre against ones conscience . 2. By oppugning the truth , though it be through blindnesse and ignorance , but most of all if it be wittingly and wilfully . 3. By scoffing and deriding the truth of God with taunts to disgrace . 4. By maintaining , defending , disputing for and gracing falshood .

2. Disorderly cariage outward in regard of our deeds .

1. Generally , by a wicked , scandalous , and carelesse mocking of them that professe religion .

2. Particularly , two wayes .

1. By persecuting any for righteousnesse sake . 2. By a wicked and vnsanctified manner of doing any thing , and that in 4. respects .

1. Against ones conscience , whether it be a doubting conscience , or a conscience fully resolued , whether truly or erroneously .

2. Prophanely , without prayer or thanksgiuing .

3. Superstitiously , and that 2. wayes .

1. By putting holinesse or vnholinesse , sinfulnesse or necessitie of religion in a thing indifferent , which is superstition .

2. By applying things whereto God hath neither in nature , or by speciall institution appointed them , as 1. By diuination of things to come , as in Iudiciall Astrologie , Pyromancie , &c. 2. To finding out of hidden secrets . 3. To cure diseases and expell deuils . 4. To satisfie Gods iustice , and merit remission of sinnes , and life euerlasting , and such like .

4. A wicked and vnsanctified manner of doing any thing immoderatly in exceeding the measure required for the attaining of Gods ends , and vsing an ouer-large quantitie to satisfie our lusts , as 1. In gluttonie . 2. In drunkennesse . 3. Vaine attire . 4. Sportfulnesse , &c.

So much of the third commandement :

The fourth followes .

Remember the Sabbath to keepe it holy , &c.

IT appoints the consecrating of a speciall time , viz. one day in seuen ( without nominating any date of time whence the computation must begin , for that must be knowne to vs by some other meanes , and is a thing alterable , not vnalterably setled by the commandement ) giuing six to worldly affaires , and consecrate the seuenth following those six to exercises of religion and pietie . The full summe is , After thou hast bestowed six dayes in ordinarie and common businesses , thou shalt bestow the seuenth day in exercises of pietie and religion .

This commandement hath also 2. parts , namely , 1. The affirmatiue , shewing what is enioyned to doe . 2. The negatiue , shewing what is prohibited to doe .

The things commanded in this precept are two .

1. Preparation to the Sabbath . 2. Celebration of the Sabbath .

1. Preparation to the Sabbath in the word Remember , which is done two wayes .

1. All the weeke long by 1. Diligence in the labours of our calling . 2. Foresight in the labours of our calling . 3. Moderation in the labours of our calling .

2. On the sixt day towards the end of it , by a seasonable breaking off our labours , and betaking our selues to make all things ready for the Sabbath , and so to rest our bodies .

2. The second thing commanded is the celebration of the Sabbath two wayes .

1. By some things common to all . 2. By some things proper to gouernours .

1. By some things common to all .

1. For the matter . 2. For the manner .

1. For the matter two wayes .

1. By resting . 2. By sanctifying .

1. By resting , of which we must know three things .

1. Who must rest . 2. How long they must rest . 3. From what they must rest .

1. Who must rest , euen all both 1. Men , 1. Gouernours . 2. Seruants , and those that they gouerne . 2. Cattell , and Mils , and things of like nature .

2. How long they must rest , viz. for the full space of 24. houres , beginning the day and ending it according to the vsuall account of other dayes in seuerall Common-wealths , for to begin at Euen was the Iewes ordinarie computation for all dayes , and so measure out the Sabbath as well as other dayes by a peculiar constitution . But in the commandement is alone required that there be an whole seuenth day , not nominating the periods .

3. From what they must rest , viz.

1. From the businesses of their particular callings , as a Trades-man from selling , Husbandman from plowing , Lawyer from pleading , &c. In which note 2. things .

1. How farre this rest must extend , and that must be to three things .

1. To thoughts of heart . 2. To words of the tongue . 3. To deeds of the hand .

2. The second thing is with what limitations and exceptions it must be limited ; except in cases ▪

1. Of mercy , for the releeuing of man or beast in distresse .

2. In cases of necessitie , for the preuenting of imminent & ( vnlesse present resistance be made ) vnpreuentable danger .

3. In cases of necessarie comforts for the bodie , and its conuenient strengthning by food and cloathing , for a man might lead his Oxe to water , Christ saith , and need not fetch in water for him ouer night .

2. The second thing from which we must rest , is from all manner of profane sports , pastimes , and recreations , which are more contrary to pietie then labour in calling .

2. A second thing in regard of the matter is sanctifying the Sabbath , and that two wayes .

1. Publiquely . 2. Priuately .

1. Publiquely , in two things .

1. Comming to publique assemblies in due season . 2. Continuing at them with carefull attention to the end .

2. Priuately , in two things .

1. In things respecting the publique . 2. In things without that respect to the publique .

1. In things respecting the publique .

1. For preparation . 2. For making vse thereof .

1. In preparation thereto by three things .

1. By rising betimes in the morning , as strength will giue leaue . 2. Renuing our repentance and washing our hands in innocencie before we compasse the Altar . 3. Praying to God specially for a blessing on ourselues , the Ministerie , and assembly .

2. For vse making thereof two wayes .

1. By conferring with others ( chiefly euery gouernour with his familie ) the word of God we haue heard . 2. By meditating of it euery man by himselfe , that he may see what he remembers , and make vse of it to himselfe .

2. Priuately , in things without that respect to the publique , viz. 3. wayes .

1. By reading of the Scripture and godly bookes , chiefly in the want of publique preaching . 2. Singing of Psalmes of praise to God . 3. Meditating of Gods great workes of creation , prouidence , redemption , and of the eternall rest which we shall haue in heauen .

2. The second thing commanded in the Sabbath common to all , is the manner of doing all cheerefully , consecrating the Sabbath vnto the Lord as a delight .

2. Some things commanded in the celebration of the Sabbath proper to gouernours are these , namely , that they be diligent in looking to their inferiours , that they may at the least outwardly keepe the Lords day .

Hitherto of the affirmatiue part of this commandement : the negatiue followes , forbidding sinnes

1. Of omission , in the neglecting of any of the things commanded , either in whole or in part .

2. Of commission , in doing the contrary in two regards .

1. Before the Sabbath come . 2. When it is come .

1. Before the Sabbath come in 2. things .

1. In an vniuersall carelesnesse of it all the weeke , and so by carelesnesse or immoderatenesse , so ill disposing of businesses , that they interrupt vs in sanctifying the Sabbath , which fore-sight , diligence , and moderation might haue preuented .

2. Immoderate toylesomnesse and watching the day before , to the hindring of one from doing the workes of the Sabbath through sleepinesse and wearinesse .

2. When the Sabbath is come .

1. In regard of all men . 2. In regard of gouernours .

1. In regard of all men .

1. For matter . 2 For manner .

1. For matter two wayes .

1. Against resting . 2. Against sanctifying .

1. Against resting .

1. Inward by thoughts , 2. Outward by 1. Words . 2. Deeds .

1. By words either 1. Of our ordinarie busisinesses out of the forenamed exceptions . 2. Of sports and pastimes .

2. Against sanctifying 1. Publiquely . 2. Priuately .

1. Publiquely in three things .

1. A slow and vndue comming to Church . 2. Sleeping , drowzing , or like misbehauiour at the Church , as talking &c. 3. Running away from the Congregation disorderly afore all be concluded , vnlesse vpon some necessarie occasion .

2. Priuately , in spending the time 1. Idlely , in slugging & slothfulnesse , as sitting at doore , or in the chimney corner , and doing iust nothing . 2. Prophanely , in surfeting , drunkennesse , riot , reuelling , and the like .

2. In regard of the manner , by being weary of the day , and wishing it ouer as a thing burdensome .

2. When the Sabbath is come in regard of Gouernours , if they command their inferiours to worke or play , or without iust cause to be absent from the word or sacraments .

And yet one way there is a more generall breaking of this commandement , by denying the moralitie of this law , and cashiering it among other Leuiticall ceremonies . Indeed the Sabbath is in part ceremoniall , figuring both our rest of sanctification here , and glory hereafter , but that contradicts not the perpetuitie of it . For it is not a ceremonie leading to Christ , and at his comming to determine , as appeares Mat. 15.17 . I came not to dissolue the Law : and vers. 19. who shall breake the least of these commandements : where each commandement of the ten commandements is ratified , and consequently this fourth : Luk. 23.56 . They rested according to the commandement . And Luke writ that diuers yeeres after the resurrection of Christ , the things were done after his death , when all Leviticall institutions lost their power of binding . Iam. 2.11 . He that keeps the whole Law and breakes one commandement is guiltie of all . Therefore the whole Law and each principle thereof , doth binde vs vnder the Gospell ; also the time of first instituting a particular date of time for the beginning of the Sabbath , of the old Law , viz. in innocencie . 2. The writing of it in Tables of stone . 3. Putting of it into the Arke proued morall .

So much of the commandements of the first Table , enioyning our dutie to God . Now follow the precepts of the second Table , concerning our dutie to our selues and our neighbours , and first of the fifth commandement .

Honour thy father and thy mother , &c.

THis Commandement enioynes the performance of all such duties as appertaine to men in regard of their place , that is , that respect a speciall reference which passeth betwixt some men more then others in some speciall and peculiar bond binding them mutually one to another .

These duties are of two sorts .

1. Such as concerne euery mans selfe . 2. Such as respect others .

1. Such as concerne euery mans selfe , which are foure .

1. To take notice of his place , and the seuerall duties thereof , that he may the better performe the same . 2. To labour for all such graces and vertues , as are requisite for the discharge of these duties . 3. To maintaine the dignitie of his place . 4. To be satisfied and contented with the present place wherein God hath set him , and with the dignitie and honour thereof .

2. Such duties as respect others in regard of speciall bonds and obligations tying them together .

These bonds are of two sorts .

1. Naturall . 2. Spirituall .

1. Naturall , taken from things naturall in this present life , and these are twofold .

1. Arbitrarie . 2. Necessarie .

1. Arbitrarie , such as it is in a mans power to haue or not to haue , according to the freedome of his owne choice and election : and this is called friendship , whence we are denominated friends .

2. Necessarie , such as are by God and the course of nature established , and depend not meerely vpon the choice of will , and these are two .

1. Kinred . 2. Degree .

1. Kinred or neerenesse of bloud , whence men are termed kinsmen .

2. Degree whereby one is ranked in a certaine order towards others .

Degree is twofold .

1. Of equalitie , whence men are called equals . 2. Inequalitie , wherein one is aboue another or vnder him , and this is 1. Superioritie , wherein one is preferred before another . 2. Inferioritie , wherein one standeth vnder or behinde another .

2. The bonds of spirituall things are taken from things that doe concerne the estate of another life hereafter . And these are all or the chiefe bonds that doe passe betwixt man and man , tying them to each other , and causing them to become indebted in speciall duties towards such persons , which are not owing in common to all . Now let vs consider the duties themselues depending vpon each of those respects .

1. Of friends .

Friends are those that are tied together by the bond of friendship . Friendship is a speciall obligation of amitie or good will , vniting the hearts of men together in a greater neerenesse and dearenesse then ordinarily is , or is required of all men .

Now friendship ( and so friends ) is of two kindes .

1. Common and imperfect , being amitie confirmed and strengthned , and raised to an higher degree then vsuall , in regard of long and familiar liuing , abiding , dealing , or conuersing together .

2 Perfect & more peculiar , which is amity in the highest degree that can be wrought , through the mutuall acknowledgement of each others vertues vpon some good time and acquaintance , and established and ratified by some solemne couenant , promise , or oath taken each to other , as is to be scene in the example of Ionathan and Dauid .

The duties of friends are twofold .

1. Common . 2. Proper .

1. Common to both kinds of friendship .

1. To chuse and accept none into friendship , but vertuous , honest , and religious persons : for what communion can there be betwixt light and darknesse , vertue and vice ?

2. To carry themselues friendly to each other , and that two wayes .

1. By auoiding all those things that may alienate their hearts one from an other , as vnkindnesse taking , suspitions , iealousies , &c.

2. By doing all things that may more and more shew affection each to other , and winne the same , and that most abundantly and plentifully , each striuing to exceed other , and these offices are twofold .

1. Lesse necessarie . 2. More necessarie .

1. Lesse necessarie , in curtesies , salutations , gifts , visitations , and the like points of a certaine kinde of honest complement , that as little chips being kindled set the greater wood on fire , so doe cause the more needfull seruices to be more welcome and better accepted .

2. More necessarie offices , which are chiefly three .

1. Helpfulnesse in the day of aduersitie , by a free , willing , speedy , and plentifull vndertaking of paines and expences for their ease , refreshing , and deliuerance ; for a friend is borne for aduersitie .

2. Plainnesse and freedome of speech in a louing and with all open admonishing each other of the sinnes and faults they commit , if they be any thing palpable , and offensiue , and well entertaining such admonitions .

3. Trustinesse in all things , by each other committed vnto each others care , and that is twofold .

1. In secrets reuealed vnto them , by keeping them fast and close as it were vnder locke and key , without futilitie and blabbing .

2. In affaires and businesses to their loue and care commended by a diligent endeuour of effecting them , according to the friends desire , and for his most aduantage , honour , and comfort .

2. The duties of friends proper to the latter and more perfect kinde , viz. to be to each other euen as each others soule , as the Scripture saith , ( thy friend which is as thine owne soule , Deu. 13.6 . ) and that in 2. things .

1. In an vniuersall opennesse and communicating of all secrets , counsels , intentions , purposes , so that a friend should not feare to reueale any thing to his friend of himselfe , that himselfe knowes , be it good or euill . For this friendship is as it were a communion of soules , or a kinde of intermingling their very spirits .

2. In in vniuersall participating of goods , labours , counsels , and all that each hath to other , euen to suffering of death each for other , so far as may be done without sinne against God , and without breaking any of his commandements .

Hitherto of the arbitrarie bond which is at mens choice to tie themselues withall if they will , but being tied they must doe these duties ; and in tying themselues they must follow the first rule . Now followes the second branch of naturall bonds , and that is necessarie . And first of 1. Kinred . 2. Degree .

1. Kinred is a bond arising from the participation of the same bloud or nature in some knowne and apparent neerenesse . This is twofold .

1. Proper . 2. Improper .

1. Proper , in that that is called consanguinitie betwixt brother and brother , cousin and cousin , vncle and nephew , and so in the rest : and the duties of kinsmen or kinswomen are two .

1. To loue each other with so much larger and move feruent loue , by how much they are more neerer in bloud , so that as nature doth tie them by more bonds , so they must be affected to each other with more and more vehement amitie ; brothers and sisters most ; vncles , aunts , nephewes , and neeces next ; cousins and cousins next , and so in order ; but yet so still , that speciall graces , vertues , and benefits may adde to the quantitie and feruencie of their loue .

2. To be more abundantly carefull of expressing this their loue in all good offices and seruices of curtesie , and chiefly of helpfulnesse in aduersitie , by comforting , releeuing , succouring , giuing , lending , and taking paines , and vndergoing danger each for other .

2. Improper bond , in regard of mariage , which is as it were a resemblance of kinred , and a legall or secondarie kinred . And the duties of those that are vnited in affinitie , is to be to those that are thus tied vnto them , euen as if they were their naturall kinsmen , both in loue , and in the effects of loue . For seeing in that one matter of mariage I must stand disposed to these legall kinsmen as to my naturall , ( for example , a man may no more marry his wiues sister or mother then his owne ) it followes by proportion , that the like account must be made of them in all other matters .

So much of kinred . Now for degree , and first that of equalitie .

Equalitie is a kinde of paritie or euennesse betwixt party and party , arising from the absence of any notable , euident , and apparent difference in them , either by any function or endowment , or the like .

The dutie of equals is threefold .

1. To thinke better of their equals then themselues , and to esteeme of them aboue themselues . 2. In giuing honour to goe one before another . 3. To be glad and well satisfied at the raising and aduancement of their equals to places aboue themselues .

Next followes inequalitie .

Inequalitie is an euident difference betwixt man and man , in regard that the one hath more of something deseruing esteeme and account then another hath .

This inequalitie is twofold , as the causes of it are double , for the difference is barely in regard of certaine endowments or qualities , or else in regard of some function , office , or estate . From the first men are called betters or lessers : from the second , Gouernours and gouerned .

The first inequalitie is 1. From age . 2. From gifts .

1. From age , when there is such difference betwixt one another that they might in course of nature be parent and childe each to other . Not all difference of age makes them betwixt whom it is , vnequals , but such a difference whereby one might be the childe , the other the parent in regard of age , and here

1. The duties of the aged are two , viz.

1. To be of a comely , graue , sober cariage , abounding in knowledge and vertue , as in dayes and yeeres .

2. To be able and ready in regard of their experience to giue wise , discreet , and sound aduice in matters difficult .

2. The duties of the younger in age are twofold .

1. To shew honourable respect in cariage three wayes . 1. In rising to them . 2. Giuing them the first roome . 3. The first words , &c. 2. They must consult and aduise with them in doubts , preferring their aduice to their owne greene conceits .

2. The second inequalitie is from gifts , and that is twofold .

1. Where those are that are better gifted . 2. In regard of the lesse gifted .

1. Those that are better gifted are bound 1. Generally , whatsoeuer their gifts be 1. To be of a lowly minde and cariage to those that are lesse gifted , for all their gifts . 2. To imploy their gifts willingly and humbly to the seruice of others . 2. They are bound specially if their gifts be

1. Of minde , in wit , learning , & vnderstanding , bearing with the dulnesse and ignorance of others , to informe , teach , aduise them the best they can , as they haue occasion .

2. Of bodie , with the paines of their bodie to helpe those that are weake and feeble .

3. Of estate , either in parentage or wealth , to countenance and releeue the meaner and poorer , being rich and great in good workes , and ready to distribute , according to the eminencie of their estate and meanes . Great and rich men must practise , 1. Bounty . 2. Munificence .

2. The lesse gifted are bound to two things .

1. To acknowledge their gifts with all due and respectiue cariage towards them agreeable thereto in all ciuilitie and curtesie . 2. To be willing to be beholding vnto them , and to enioy helpe and assistance from their gifts , as occasion shall be offered .

Hitherto of vnequals without gouernment . Now of those with gouernment because the difference betwixt them ariseth from some office or estate which the one hath more then the other .

Their duties are of two sorts .

1. Mutuall . 2. Seuerall .

1. Mutuall , such as they are reciprocally , and these are three .

1. A speciall degree of loue each to other , according as they are more neerely combined in their estates . The parent owes a parentall loue , the yoke-fellow a matrimoniall loue , and so in the rest , each must haue a more earnest , plentifull , and stedfast affection to other in regard of their places .

2. A particular mentioning of each other in their prayers vnto God .

3. A speciall care of each others comfort and credit , and endeuour to procure it more then to other men .

2. Their duties seuerall , such as are peculiar to either .

1. To Gouernours , towards them that are gouerned . 2. To gouerned , towards them that gouerne them .

1. The duties of Gouernours are twofold .

1. Common to all Gouernours . 2. Peculiar to each kinde of Gouernours .

1. The duties common to all Gouernours are two .

1. To keepe reuerence and respect to themselues in the hearts of those that are vnder their gouernment , by a vertuous conuersation , and by giuing themselues examples to them in all goodnesse .

2. To exercise their authoritie ouer them , to which end it must be declared , and that in three respects .

1. What be the parts of power and gouernment to be exercised . 2. What is the next end that all must aime at in their gouernment . 3. The manner of vsing that authoritie .

1. What be the parts of power and gouernment to be exercised , and those are towards 1. All vnder their gouernment . 2. To the different kinds of them .

1. Towards all vnder their gouernment , two wayes .

1. To direct them in their wayes . 1. By minding lawfull and fit things . 2. By forbidding the contrary . 2. To defend them from the iniuries that might be offered them by any other of the common inferiours chiefly .

2. The second part of power and gouernment to be exercised , is towards the different kindes of them .

1. To the good . 2. To the euill .

1. To the good and obedient .

1. By praises and commendations . 2. By rewards and recompences .

2. Towards the euill and disobedient .

1. By reproofe and reprehension .

2. By chastisements and corrections , according to the difference of faults and places differently .

2. The second dutie to be declared is , what is the next end that all men must aime at in their gouernment , viz. the welfare , good and happinesse of those vnder their gouernment , as well as and together with , their owne welfare and content .

3. The third dutie to be declared , is the manner of vsing their authoritie to this end , by the practise of foure things .

1. Iustice . 2. Prudence . 3. Mildnesse . 4. Courage .

1. By the practise of iustice in a twofold regard .

1. Of persons towards whom gouernment is exercised , by being indifferent and vnpartiall , the same to all , in the same cases .

2. In regard of the speciall acts of power , and that in two regards .

1. By commanding nothing but what is lawfull to be done in regard of conscience to God , and forbidding nothing but what may be omitted without sinne against God .

2. By correcting and reprouing for nothing but a fault , praising and rewarding for nothing but a vertue , and that according to the proportion and quantitie both of vertues and vice .

2. By the practise of prudence or discretion two wayes .

1. By obseruing the different dispositions of those that are vnder ones gouernment . 2. By making choise of two things .

1. Fit things to command and forbid , and fit kindes of reproofes , corrections , praises , rewards , agreeable to the difference of the persons dispositions with whom one hath to deale .

2. By making choise of fit times and places , wherein to exercise any part of authoritie , both

1. In regard of ones selfe that commandeth , reproueth .

2. In regard of them that are commanded , reproued , &c. The fittest time is , when neither are transported with passion or distemperance .

3. By the practise of mildnesse to shew it selfe two wayes .

1. In commandements . 2. In reproofes and corrections .

1. In commandements two wayes .

1. By abstaining from hard , difficult , and painfull commandements , vnlesse in case of necessitie .

2. By mollifying commandements with louing , familiar , sweet and perswading speeches different according to the diuers kindes of inferiours .

2. In reproofes and corrections , by giving them

1. Moderately , for kinde and measure , so that the reproofe and correction neither exceed the fault , nor the power and strength of the corrected .

2. Compassionately , and with demonstration of loue and pitty , for the manner chiefly , when necessitie calls to some roughnesse .

4. By the practise of courage and resolution in going on forward to performe what is fit , notwithstanding 1. Any importunitie , intreatie , and suit . 2. Ill speeches or shew of danger .

Hitherto of duties common to all superiours in gouernment . Peculiar duties of seuerall kindes of gouernours both in the 1. Familie , of the Master , Dame or Mistresse do follow . 2 Common-weale . do follow .

The Masters dutie is twofold .

1. To all his familie ioyntly . 2. To the seuerall members of his familie .

1. To all his familie ioyntly , as lie is a common ruler of that societie wholly considered , and so he must regard 4. things .

1. That Gods name be called vpon and worshipped in his familie ; for the families are cursed that call not vpon the name of God .

2. He must haue regard to catechize them in true religion , and bring them all vp in information of godlinesse .

3. He must haue regard to prouide things necessarie for them .

1. In health , [ Food , and the like . 2. In sicknesse Attendance . Physicke .

4. He must haue regard to ouersee their wayes and cariage : and 1. Set them to fit imployments . 2. To redresse and reforme their disorders .

2. The masters dutie is to looke to the seuerall members of his familie .

1. To those whom it is in his power to chuse , as wife and seruants , to chuse vertuous and godly ones , a woman fearing God , and seruants fearing God .

2. To vse them all well , viz. the Wife . Children . Seruants .

1. The wife , and that two wayes .

1. By familiar and kinde behauiour towards her person . 2. By liberall and bountifull allowance of all comforts vnto her .

2. The children , two wayes .

1. By good education .

1. In younger yeeres causing them to be taught to write and reade , &c.

2. In riper yeeres , setting them to some calling according to their capacitie and their parents abilitie .

2. By good prouision for them , 1. Of goods and portion , euer remembring the distinction of age and goodnesse , so that the eldest haue his double portion , and the youngest their single portions . 2. Of yoke-fellow , husband or wife in due season fit for them , one that at least is not impious , nor Infidell .

3. The seruants in a twofold regard .

1. To imploy them moderately in worke , neither toyling them , nor giuing them leaue to be idle .

2. To reward them liberally with wages and gifts , according to euery mans estate , and abilitie , and Gods blessing vpon their labours .

Hitherto the Masters dutie : the Dames followes , and that is twofold .

1. Towards her infants , to nurse them with her owne milke , if it may stand with her health , as the law of nature teacheth , why else doth God giue breasts and milke at that time ? and as godly women haue done .

2. Toward the whole familie , to ouersee their wayes , as the husbands deputie and helper , still according to his good will and liking , and chiefly to attend to the maidens .

So much of the gouernours of the familie in priuate . The duties of the publique gouernours follow . These are of two sorts .

1. The highest and chiefest gouernours 2. The subordinate and inferiour .

1. The highest and chiefest gouernours , who must obserue these foure things .

1. To establish the true religion and worship of God in their iurisdiction , and prohibit the contrary . 2. To see good , vertuous , and wholesome lawes made for the welfare and good behauiour of the people . 3. To defend their owne country and their oppressed neighbours by iust warres defensiue or offensiue . 4. Being a King , to sit personally in the seat of iudgment diuers times , yea vsually : for the Kings in Israel succeeded Iudges .

2. The second sort of gouernours are subordinate and inferiour .

1. Iudges , truly to administer distributiue iustice in finding out and sentencing malefactors with all iust seueritie and equitie of proceedings .

2. Other officers of all sorts , to be helpfull to the vtmost of their power to the execution of all good lawes and orders , according as for the most part their oaths doe binde them .

So farre of the duties of gouernours , next are the duties of the gouerned .

1. Common to all . 2. Peculiar to each .

1. The duties of the gouerned common to all are twofold .

1. To the persons of their gouernours . 2. To their power and authoritie .

1. To the persons of their gouernours , reuerence , and that twofold .

1. Inward , in heart , by standing in awe of them , and not daring to offend them for conscience sake to God that hath setled gouernours in the world .

2. Outward reuerence , 1. In words and speeches . 2. In gestures and behauiours .

1. In words and speeches three wayes .

1. To themselues , that they be submissiue and dutifull , mannerly and reuerent , as Sarah called Abraham , Sir . 2. To others before them , that they be neither ouer many , nor loud and vehement , but moderate & temperate . 3. To others of them behinde their backs , that they be respectiue and loyall , for so was Sarahs very thought of her husband .

2. Outward reuerence is in gestures and behauiours , as bowing the knee , doffing the hat , arising vp to them , and all other like respectiue cariages .

2. The dutie of the gouerned common to their power and authoritie two wayes .

1. By a willing obedience to all their lawfull commandements . 2. A due receiuing of all their reproofes and corrections .

1. Submissiuely , gently , patiently , though they be vniust and ouer-rigorous .

2. Fruitfully , and with care of reformation , if they be iust and causefull .

The peculiar and proper duties are 1. Those that are priuate . 2. Those that are publique .

1. Those that are priuate in the familie , viz. Of 1. The wife . 2. The children . 3. The seruants .

1. The peculiar and proper duties of the wife and yoke-fellow are twofold .

1. Sociable cariage and cheerefull behauiour to his person . 2. Huswifely sauing and thriftie disposing of the goods of her husband .

2. The peculiar and proper duties of the children are twofold .

1. To maintaine the parents , if need be , in sicknesse and age ; yea rather to want ones selfe , and that his owne children want , then suffer them to want . 2. To be ruled by them in the choice of a yoke-fellow , wife , or husband .

3. The peculiar and proper duties priuate of the seruants are twofold .

1. To be trustie in sauing and keeping their Masters goods committed to them . 2. To be painfull and diligent in their businesses , as well in the absence as the presence of the gouernours .

2. The peculiar and proper duties publique in the Common-wealth are two .

1. Defence of their persons against all treasons , conspiracies , violence offered to them by any , according to their places .

2. Payment of accustomed and iust dues , as tole , tribute , and the like , for their maintenance in their places .

So much of the duties depending vpon speciall naturall bonds . Now follow spirituall bonds , with the duties on them dependant , for there is a spirituall life , and things that doe pertaine to the spirituall life , and therefore it cannot be but that some consideration should be set from them to binde men to diuers speciall duties . Now there is 1. A spirituall kinred . 2. A spirituall degree .

1. A spirituall kinred betwixt all Christians , members of Christs bodie .

2. Betwixt some Christians peculiar .

1. Betwixt all Christians members of Christs bodie , to whom euery other member of the same bodie oweth two things .

1. Brotherly loue , which is an accounting of them specially deare , desiring their good and delighting in it , and grieuing for the contrary , and taking content in their societie aboue all other kinde of people .

2. Speciall helpfulnesse to them in their crosses and afflictions , doing good chiefly to the houshold of Saints .

2. There is a spirituall kinred betwixt some Christians peculiarly , whom God hath made especially beholding or beneficiall each to other , as 1. The father in Christ . 2. The sonnes in the faith .

1. The father in Christ is that man by whose Ministerie it hath pleased God to conuert another to the faith and to true pietie : he owes three things .

1. A speciall care to further their proceedings whom he hath brought to goodnesse , by bold and diligent admonishing , comforting , exhorting , and that frequently , as occasion will serue .

2. Ioy and thankfulnesse to God for their well-doing and good proceedings in pietie .

3. Sorrow and speciall humiliation before God for their disorders , decay or reuolting .

2. The sonnes in the faith : they owe two things .

1. A singular thankfulnesse , such as should make them thinke no cost nor paines too much to doe them good , making account that they owe to them euen themselues .

2. They owe a greater readinesse to receiue their admonitions & exhortations , as men hauing a speciall power ouer them .

Hitherto of kinred .

2. Now of a spirituall degree , and that is twofold .

1. Of gifts . 2. Of gouernment .

1. Of gifts , in regard of which some are 1. Stronger Christians . 2. Weaker Christians .

1. Stronger Christians , that haue a greater measure of sanctification , these must vse their strength in a milde and gentle manner , by bearing with the weaknesses of the weake , and seeking to heale and edifie them .

2. Weaker Christians , and of a lesse degree of gifts of grace . Those must 1. Reuerence the more abundant graces of God in their brethren . 2. They must make vse of them for their owne edification , striuing hard after the marke , and labouring to grow on forward to the same degree of grace .

2. The second spirituall degree is of gouernment , here is 1. The gouernour ▪ 2. The gouerned .

1. The gouernour the Pastor , whose dutie in regard of his flocke is twofold .

1. Publique . 2. Priuate .

1. Publique .

1. To teach them the word and will of God , and that three wayes .

1. By reading the Scriptures in the Congregation to them . 2. By catechizing the ignorant . 3. By preaching to all .

2. To pray to God with them , and become their common mouth .

3. To administer the Sacraments .

1. Of Baptisme .

1. To any infants tendred to him . 2. To Infidels , if any be conuerted .

2. Of the Lords Supper , to men of 1. Knowledge , in two things . 1. In fundamentall points of Christian Religion . 2. In the doctrine of the nature and vse of the Sacraments . 2. To men of life free from publique , scandalous , and grosse euils .

2. The priuate dutie of the Pastor in regard of his flocke is twofold .

1. To ouersee the wayes of all , admonishing die vnruly , comforting the tempted , &c. 2. To visit the sicke , and comfort and instruct them , chiefly being sent for .

2. The duties of the gouerned , the flock , whose duties are twofold .

1. Towards the Pastors person in a twofold regard .

1. To haue him in singular honour and loue .

2. To afford a rich maintenance , in paying willingly Gods portion the tithe , vnto him , Gods officer to receiue his temporalties as he administreth his spiritualties .

2. The dutie of the flocke gouerned toward his spirituall iurisdiction is twofold .

1. To submit themselues vnto his ouersight and admonition , with reuerence as to God .

2. To receiue Gods word of him rather then of any other , if he be faithfull , and that 1. Obediently . 2. Discreetly .

Hitherto the affirmatiue part of the fift Commandement . The negatiue followes , shewing the sinnes against this Commandement , which are of two sorts .

1. Of omission , in the totall or partiall neglect of any of the things commanded .

2. Of commission , in doing things contrary thereto , and that either in regard of ones selfe , or others .

1. Ones selfe , which is

1. By denying ones place , in conceiuing ones selfe not to be inferiour to those to whom he is inferiour ; for no man likely will denie his superioritie ouer others .

2. By a scorning or disdaining to the duties of ones place , as many a man scornes to be subiect , though he cannot but confesse that he should so be .

3. By nourishing ones selfe in those vices that hinder him from the duties of his place .

4. In dishonouring his place , both 1. In excesse , by an ouer-loftie conceit and cariage of himselfe therein . 2. By an ouer-base and contemptible behauiour in the same .

2. Sinnes of commission in regard of others , and that in regard of bonds , which are either naturall or spirituall .

1. Naturally whether

1. Arbitrarie , as friendship , and the faults of friends , which are both 1. Common . 2. Proper .

1. Common to both kindes of friends , and that

1. By making friendship with vnholy and openly wicked men , and being friends with Gods professed enemies .

2. By abusing of friendship with any .

1. By counterfeiting that loue which one doth not beare ; when a mans words are soft as butter , and yet they be swords .

2. By treachery and perfidiousnesse .

1. In bewraying their secrets to their hurt . 2. In betraying their persons and estates to any danger or mischiefe .

2. The proper faults of friends to the more perfect kinde , in forsaking friendship and breaking it off causelesly .

2. Naturall bonds necessarie in regard of 1. Kinred . 2. Degree .

1. Kinred , whether it be proper or improper .

1. By a neglect and contempt of our kinred in regard of pouertie , or other like things .

2. By wronging and oppressing them any way for gaine sake .

2. Naturall bonds , necessarie in regard of degree , are both to equals and vnequals .

1. To equals .

1. By a lifting vp our selues aboue them , in false conceitednesse of minde .

2. By lifting vp our selues aboue them in outward cariage , and striuing to take the better of them .

3. By enuying and hindring their preferment .

2. Naturall bonds necessarie in degree to vnequals .

1. In regard of endowments .

2. In regard of power & iurisdiction .

1. In regard of endowments alone without gouernment , whether for 1. Age . 2. Gifts .

1. Age . Here the faults are 1. Of the aged . 2. Of the younger .

1. Of the aged are , 1. To be of a foolish , light , and pettish disposition and behauiour . 2. To giue bad and naughty counsell to the younger , incouraging them to sinfulnesse , or any ill cariage .

2. The faults of the younger are to be 1. Scornefull towards their persons in contemptuous behauiour . 2. To be carelesse of their aduice , and follow ones owne head rather then their directions .

2. The endowments of gifts are here the faults 1. In betters . 2. Of those that haue fewer gifts .

1. Of betters in gifts , are 1. Common to all . 2. Speciall .

1. Common to all , 1. To swell and be conceited , because of their gifts . 2. To disdaine and contemne those that haue lesse gifts . 3. To vse them with ostentation , and an arrogant setting forth of themselues .

2. The faults of betters in gifts , in speciall to those that excell 1. In wit and vnderstanding to ouer-reach and deceiue others , or bring them into errour . 2. Of bodily strength to hurt and mischiefe others that are weaker . 3. Of estate , of wealth , and parentage , to disgrace , discountenance , and oppresse others .

2. The faults of those that haue fewer gifts 1. To obscure the gifts of others through enuie , detracting from them , as if they were lesse excellent then they be . 2. To scorne to be beholding to them , or to make vse of their gifts , as occasion is offered .

2. Endowments were either alone without gouernment , or of power and iurisdiction with gouernment : with gouernment , whose faults are 1. Common . 2. Seuerall .

1. Common to both superiours and inferiours .

1. To entertaine a speciall hatred and ill will towards them , euen more then towards others , as oft it falls out .

2. To curse them and wish euill to them , and pray to God against them .

3. To seeke their disgrace and reproch .

4. To serue themselues of them without any regard of their good esteeme & welfare .

2. Faults with gouernment , which were either common or seuerall : the seuerall followes .

Seuerall to each , viz. 1. Gouernours . 2. Gouerned .

1. Gouernours , whose faults are 1. Common . 2. Proper .

1. Common to all of them .

1. To lose the authoritie of their place , and bring contempt vpon themselues , by a wicked and foolish cariage , and bad example of life .

2. To abuse the authoritie of their place in regard of 1. The end of vsing it , in seeking alone their owne content and ease , not regarding their inferiours good . 2. In regard of the manner of vsing it . 1. Vniustly . 2. Vndiscree●ly . 3. Rigorously . 4. Remissely .

1. Vniustly , and that 1. By partialitie , in hauing a respect of persons in their gouernment . 2. By vniust commandements , in enioyning them things that are sinfull , forbidding them things that are lawfull . 3. By vniust recompences , 1. In praising and rewarding euill deeds , or lesse good more then the better . 2. In reprouing or correcting for well-doing , or more for smaller faults then for greater .

2. The second manner of vsing it is vndiscreetly , by excusing any part of their authoritie .

1. In vnfit times ; when either themselues on inferiours are ill disposed by passion or griefe .

2. In vnfit places , when the place may make their authoritie more difficult ; as more publique correcting then is fit , and sometimes more priuate .

3. In things vnsutable to the disposition , power , and abilitie of their inferiours .

3. The third manner of vsing it is rigorously .

1. In condemning hard and difficult things without iust cause , or any thing in a rough or boysterous manner violently .

2. In reprouing or correcting , 1. Excessiuely for matter , aboue the nature of the fault , or strength of the sufferer . 2. Passionately and furiously for manner , with bitternesse and acerbitie of speech and countenance .

4. The fourth manner of vsing it is remissely , in being ouercome 1. By intreaties . 2. By foolish pittie .

The faults of Gouernours were 1. common , or 2. proper , which follow .

1. Proper to the seuerall kindes .

1. Priuate . 2. Publique .

1. Priuate or the housholder .

1. In regard of his whole familie . 2. In regard of the seuerall parts of his familie .

1. In regard of his whole familie , considered as one common bodie .

1. In performing a false idolatrous worship among them .

2. In teaching them a false religion to the poysoning of them with error .

3. Wasting & consuming his goods , to the bringing of want of things necessarie to them , ill husbandlinesse .

4. In letting them doe what they lust , as Salomon speakes of a childe set at liberty .

2. Faults proper to the seuerall parts are 1. For chusing them . 2. For vsing them .

1. For chusing those that he may chuse , and that 1. By making choice of a bad woman to wife , for wealth or beauty sake . 2. By entertaining bad and wicked seruants carelesly or wittingly .

2. For vsing them badly , viz. 1. The wife . 2. The children . 3. The seruants .

1. The wife .

1. By churlishnesse to her person . 2. By grudging and nigardice for her allowance .

2. For vsing the children badly , and that 1. In fondnesse of loue to them . 2. In misgiuing their portions , without regard of age or goodnesse . 3. In misplacing them in mariage for sinister respects , euen with idolatrous or naughty yoke-fellowes .

3. For vsing their seruants badly , 1. In ouer-burthening them with worke , and toyling them out . 2. In pinching them in their wages , not giuing that which is couenanted , or giuing too little .

These are the Masters faults : the Dames faults are 1. To thrust out her children to nurse out of nicenesse and vnwillingnesse to take paines . 2. To be imperious in the familie , in that she must haue her owne way without and against her husbands good liking .

2. The proper faults of publique gouernours which are in the Common-wealth , whether 1. Chiefe , or 2. Subordinate .

1. Chiefe and highest .

1. To establish a false religion . 2. To make vniust lawes . 3. To make vniust warres , or lay causlesse burdens and taxations on their subiects . 4. To peruert the seat of Iustice .

2. The subordinate mans publique faults are in Iudges or other officers .

1. In Iudges , by iudging 1. Corruptly and falsly for any cause . 2. For hire and reward .

2. In other publique officers , by hindring the execution of good lawes for fauour , feare , or money .

Hitherto of faults of Gouernours . Now secondly of the faults of those that are gouerned both common and proper .

1. Common to all , and that 1. Towards their person . 2. Towards their authoritie .

1. Towards their person ; both inward and outward .

1. Inward in heart , when they set light by them , and care not whether they be pleased or displeased .

2. Outward , and that in words or gesture .

1. In words , both 1. To them snappish and sullen . 2. Before them loud and rude . 3. Behinde their backs reuiling , cursing , disgracing .

2. In gesture and countenances of contempt .

2. The common faults of the gouerned towards their authoritie .

1. By disobedience to their lawfull commandements , or obeying their vnlawfull commands .

2. By resisting their corrections and reproofes .

1. In inward murmuring .

2. In outward opposition , chiefly if they come to blowes against them , which to ones parent was death .

2. Proper faults of the gouerned are proper to some , viz. 1 Priuate . 2. Publique .

1. Priuate .

1. To the wife , if she be 1. Sowre . 2. Contentious . 3. Wastefull .

2. To the children .

1. By marrying without them . 2. By casting them off in age , or cozening them .

3. To seruants .

1. By slothfulnesse & eye-seruice . 2. By vntrustinesse and wastefulnesse in their goods .

2. The publique faults of the gouerned are in subiects .

1. In treason against the life or state of their Prince .

2. In sedition or rebellion , in a turbulent going about to redresse pretended abuses , whether it be against the Prince or his officers .

Hitherto of sins against naturall bonds : Now faults contrary to the duties whereto we are bound

2. By spirituall bond , and those of 1 Kinred . 2 Degree .

1. Of kinred spirituall , and that

1 Betwixt all Christians , which is brotherhood , and that is schisme in rending ones selfe from the rest of the members of Christs bodie for any dislikes , chiefly in regard of petie differences of opinion , and falling to raile , reuile , bite , deuoure , persecute .

2. Betwixt some Christians .

1. Betwixt fathers in Christ , if they seeke to seduce them , or make diuisions to draw followers after them , as some did in Pauls time .

2. Betwixt sonnes in Christ , if they 1. Excessiuely admire them , so as to take all things on their word , and neglect others in regard of them . 2. If they grow to dislike and neglect of them , because of their plainnesse in admonitions .

2. The degree of spirituall bonds .

1. For gifts . 2. For power .

1. For gifts . Here 1. The strong doe sinne . 2. The weake .

1. The strong , 1. By despising the weaker , and seeking only to please themselues . 2. Scandalizing them in a wilfull and vncharitable and vndiscreet abuse of their Christian libertie .

2. The weake sinne , 1. In enuying their betters gifts , and seeking to disgrace them , as the false Apostles did Paul . 2. In harsh censuring them for the lawfull vse of their Christian libertie .

2. The degree of spirituall bonds for power and gouernment . Here 1. The Pastor offends . 2. The people offends .

1. The Pastor offends , for 1. Teaching . 2. Discipline .

1. For teaching .

1. For matter . 2. For manner .

1. For matter .

1. By false doctrine of faith , or manners . 2. By misapplying true doctrine to grieue the good , harten the bad .

2. For the manner .

1. By vaine-glorious , and flanting preaching , for ostentation of wit and learning . 2. By carelesse extemporarie preaching .

2. The Pastor offendeth for discipline .

1. By admitting openly , scandalous and wicked men , to the communion , without reproofe and admonition . 2. By peruerting the Church censures either 1. Against the good , as Diotrephes . 2. Against any for malice .

2. The people offend , against power and gouernment .

1. In offending against his person . 2. Against his authoritie .

1. Against his person .

1. By robbing him of his due and tenths , as chiefly impropriators doe . 2 By persecuting and molesting him , for his faithfulnesse .

2. Against his authoritie .

1. Of teaching . 2. Of discipline .

1. Or teaching , by two things .

1. By reiecting truth . 2. By receiuing lies , or any thing without triall .

2. Against his authoritie of discipline , by contemning his admonitions .

Hitherto of the fifth Commandement , enioyning the duties spec●ally concerning vs in regard of place : the sixth followes .

Thou shalt not kill .

ANd it enioynes all such common duties , as appertaine to our selues and our neighbours , in regard of the safety of their and our person The substance is , Thou shalt by all good meanes procure , & by no ill meanes hinder thine owne , or thy neighbours personall safetie .

The things commanded are of two sorts .

1 Some directly commanded . 2. Some indirectly .

Directly in regard , 1. Of our selues . 2. Of others .

In regard of our selues .

1. Loue of our selues , true loue whereby we doe truly and ordinately will and desire our owne good and saftie . 2. The effects of this loue , which are both inward and outward .

1. Inward .

1. In regard of our affections . 2. In regard of our thoughts .

In regard of our affections by moderating them .

1. Towards good . 2. Towards euill .

Towards the good and desirable things which are 1. To come hereafter , by a good hope of them . 2. That are present , by cheerefulnesse at them .

2. Towards the euill and harmefull things that are 1. Already vpon vs , by patience , in quiet and willing bearing the same . 2. Imminent and to come , by courage in a resolute setting our hearts to preuent and resist them so farre as may be .

2. The inward effects of loue in regard of thoughts by holding them constantly attendant vpon our owne preseruation in all occasions .

2. The outward effects of loue , which are for our naturall and spirituall estate .

1. For our naturall estate regarding our bodily condition in this present life .

1. In regard of good and needfull things . 2. In regard of euill and hurtfull things .

1. In regard of good and needfull things , for the continuance and comfort of this present life .

1. A due and moderate painefulnesse and vndergoing of labour to get the same .

2. A moderate and temperate vse of them , for measure , both 1. Of foode . 2. Apparell . 3. Rest and sleepe . 4. Exercise . 5. Euen sometimes also nuptiall society of generation and the like .

2. In regard of euill and hurtfull things , tending to breake off life , or making it vncomfortable , viz. 1. A wise and discreet shunning . 2. A resolute and constant resisting .

1. A wise and discreet shunning of those that with safety of conscience we may possibly shun .

1. By flying . 2. By suffering .

1. By flying all if it may bee , such are , 1. Quarrels and brawles , chiefly priuate combats . 2. Infections places . 3. Dangerous and mischieuous sports , as football , &c. 4. Dangerous climing , or waies , or passages , or the like .

2. By suffering the lesse to auoid the greater : as cutting off a limme to saue the life , &c.

2. A resolute and constant resisting of them by Art or force .

1. By Art .

1. Of Physicke , some . 2. Of law , others .

2. By force in needfull cases , to which end , 1. Wee must bee prepared of weapons , &c. 2. We must vse them . 1. In publike . 2. In priuate .

1. In publike by warres , both defensiue and offensiue .

2. In priuate for defence against present & otherwise vnauoidable violence .

2. The outward effects of loue which concerne our spirituall estate in regard of another life .

1. By preuenting . 2. By procuring .

1. By preuenting spirituall mischiefe .

1. By repenting or confessing and bewailing sinnes past , seeking pardon . 2. By shunning sinne and the occasions of sinne for the time to come .

2. By procuring our spirituall good by constancy in all good duties for our spirituall proceeding in grace and glory .

2. Things directly commanded in regard of others .

1. Loue to him , that is , an entire and earnest desire of his good .

2. The effects of loue , which are 1. Inward . 2. Outward .

1. Inward .

1. In regard of the acts of conuersation passing betwixt vs .

2. In regard of other accidents .

1. In regard of the acts of conuersation passing betwixt vs for two respects .

1. The accepting and entertaining of his deeds towards vs .

2. The ruling of our cariage to him-ward .

1. The accepting and entertaining of his deeds towards vs , whether 1. Good . 2. Bad.

1. Good and pleasing .

1. By kindnesse , taking all euen the least in good worth . 2. By thankefulnesse , in being carefull to remember , acknowledge , and requite them .

2. Bad and iniurious and displeasing .

1. By meekenesse . 2. By forgiuenesse .

1. By meekenesse , which is a calme and quiet disposition towards him in the doing , or when wee heare of or remember the doing of them .

2. Forgiuenesse and forgetting them afterwards , yea and readinesse to requite their euill with good , but not with euill .

2. The acts of our conuersation in regard of ruling our cariage to him-ward .

1. In regard of his hurt . 2. In regard of his good and benefit .

1. In regard of his hurt and euill , by innocency , which is an abhorring and loathing that we should be a cause of hurt , or wrongfull griefe to any .

2. In regard of his good and benefit by vertues that make vs apt to procure ,

1. Curtesie or seruiceablenesse , a readinesse to gratifie him in any kinde office , though not in strictnesse required at our hands .

2. Peaceablenesse , by care to maintaine all good concord and agreement .

1. Betwixt him and our selues . 2. Betwixt him and others .

1. Betwixt him and our selues .

1. In preuenting iarres . 2. In redressing them that are fallen out .

1. In preuenting iarres so farre as may be .

1. By pleasingnesse and desire to please him , so farre as we may reasonably and lawfully .

2. By passing by and couering his weaknesses and infirmities as natural disabilities and morall wants , that are not palpable , in not suffering our hearts to be estranged from him for them .

3 By taking his deeds in the best part .

4. By parting with our owne right to him , so far as we may without too much hurting our selues or wronging our places .

2. By redressing iarres that are falne out , 1. By care to make amends to him by all good meanes if wee haue done wrong . 2. By willingnesse to accept of any reasonable satisfaction , if we haue beene wronged by him .

2. We must haue a care to haue agreement betwixt him and others , by care and readinesse to perswade peace , and set them at one .

Hitherto of the inward effects of loue in regard of the acts of conuersation .

2. Now followes the inward effects of loue in regard of other accidents that befall him any way : as , 1. Congratulation or reioycing in his good . 2. Compassion or grieuing for his euil .

Hitherto of the inward effects of loue : now followes

2. The outward effects of loue , which are , 1. Generall , in an amiable and kinde ordering of our countenances and whole cariage . 2. Particular . 1. For his outward estate . 2. For his inward .

For his outward estate .

1. In speech . 2. In deed .

1. In his speech , milde and good language .

2. In his deed , 1. Defence against wrongs and iniuries . 2. Releeuing his miseries and wants .

2. His particular inward estate of soule .

1. In word . 2. In deed .

1. In word , in regard 1. Of good . 2. Of euill .

1. Of good , to doe our best .

1. To shew it him . 2. To perswade him to it . 3. To encourage him in it .

2. In regard of euill .

1. Of sinne . 2. Of temptation .

1. Of sinne .

1. To shew it him . 2. To disswade him from it . 3. To reproue him for it .

2. In regard of temptations and afflictions , to strengthen and comfort him vnder it .

Hitherto of the outward estate : now followes ,

2. The inward estate of the soule in regard of deed .

1. By giuing him good Example of life . 2. By moderating our selues in the vse of Christian liberty for his sake .

So much is commanded directly , whereof hitherto .

Now indirectly some things are commanded in regard 1. Of men . 2. Of beasts .

1. In regard of men , 1. Liuing . 2. Dead .

1. Liuing , in preuenting that that may probably doe them hurt : as , 1. Liues of mankinde beasts . 2. Incommodious buildings , wels , pits , hie waies , &c.

2. Dead , as comely and decent interring of their bodies .

2. In regard of beasts , a mercifull vsing them in giuing food , rest , and quietnesse necessary for them .

Hitherto the affirmatiue part . The negatiue followes : which shewes how this commandement is broken .

1. By omission of any of the former things either in whole or in part .

2. By commission in things quite contrary .

1. Directly . 2. Indirectly .

1. Directly in regard of 1. Our selues . 2. Others .

1. In regard of our selues contrary to the forenamed , 1. Loue . 2. The effect of Loue .

1. Loue .

1. In excesse , selfe-loue , a peruerse or ouer-earnest desire of our owne naturall welfare .

2. In defect , which is not often scene , in a kinde of bitternesse , in ill will against our selues .

2. The effect of loue is , 1. Inward . 2. Outward .

1. Inward .

1. In regard of good . 2. In regard of euill .

1. In regard of good , which is either , 1. To come , first by despaire thereof , in defect : Secondly , by a foolish hoping for it , in excesse . 2. Present , contrary to cheerefulnesse . 1. In defect . 2. In excesse .

1. In defect , carnall sorrow .

1. For our owne crosses . 2. For the good of others , which is called enuie .

2. In excesse , by madde mirth and ouer-ioying ofthings carnall .

2. The inward effect of loue in regard of euill , either .

1. To come . 2. Present .

1. To come .

1. In defect , timorousnesse , in dying almost for feare . 2. In foole hardinesse , in excesse , by an vnnecessary prouoking dangers .

2. Present euill .

1. In excesse , stupidity , when a man is like a stone and will not feele them . 2. In defect ; when a man is carried away with fretting and discontentment at them .

2. The outward effects of loue .

1. For the naturall estate . 2. For the spirituall .

1. For the naturall estate .

1. In regard of the things concerning life . 2. In regard of life it selfe .

1. In regard of things concerning life .

1. Good . 2. Euill .

1. Good .

1. For getting them . 2. For the vse of them .

1. For getting them .

1. By toilsome labouring for them , to the hurting of the bodie . 2. By slothfull neglect of them .

2. For the vse of them .

1. In excesse , by taking them excessiuely and intemperatly , where is the practise of gluttony , drunkennesse , and all luxuriousnesse and not .

2. In defect , by niggardly pinching of ones body , for want of necessary things .

2. Euill and hurtfull , in regard of the things concerning life .

1. By excesse , here is hazardfulnesse in venturing vpon needlesse dangers , as combats , dangerous sports , climbing , &c.

2. By defect , here is timorousnesse , and that , 1. In not daring to vse fit meanes for preuenting them that might be preuented out of feare of the euill . 2. In not daring to hazard our selues to them when our calling requireth .

2. The effects of loue for our naturall estate , in regard of life it selfe .

1. In defect , attempting wilfully to take away ones life by selfe-murther . 2. In excesse , in vsing of base and vile shifts to saue ones life .

2. The outward effects of loue , for the spirituall estate , 1. By impenitency . 2. By venturousnesse vpon the occasions of sinne .

So much of the sinnes against our selues : those follow that are against others .

1. Against loue . 2. Against the effects of loue .

1. Against loue .

1. In excesse , fondnesse and carnall loue .

2. In defect , hatred , hauing two degrees , 1. Of dislike of the person , not for his sinne but wrong . 2. A malitious desire of his hurt .

2. Against the effects of loue which are in regard , 1. Of his naturall estate of life . 2. In regard of his spirituall estate of life .

1. In regard of his naturall estate , which is , 1. Inward . 2. Outward .

1. Inward , respecting 1. The acts of conuersation . 2. O her accidents .

1. The acts of conuersation passing betwixt vs .

1. For accepting of his deeds . 2. For ordering our deeds .

1. For accepting of his deeds .

1. Good . 2. Bad.

1. Good , contrary 1. To kindnesse , in disdainfulnesse , and scornefull reiecting of kindnesse . 2. To gratitude .

1. By formall thankfulnesse in words alone .

2. By vnthankfulnesse .

1. By denying or forgetting a good turne done to vs .

2. By requiting good with euill , which is worst of all .

2. Bad , against 1. Meeknesse . 2. Forgiuenesse .

1. Meeknesse .

1. In excesse , being too meeke , so that sinne maketh not one angry .

2. In defect , by anger for wrongs too sore , too much , or too long , and it is 1. Vnkindnes taking . 2. Sullennesse . 3. Rage .

2. Against forgiuenesse , by reuengefulnesse in remembring euill to requite it with the like or worse .

2. The act of conuersation , for ordering our deeds toward him .

1. Euill . 2 Good .

1. Euill , against innocency , which is harmfulnesse and mischieuousnesse ( for too innocent one cannot be ) in delighting to hurt others .

2. Good , contrary 1. To seruiceablenesse . 2. To peaceablenesse .

1. To seruiceablenesse .

1. In excesse , by charging our selues harmefully , for superfluous kindnesses , ouer-kindnesse .

2. In defect , by hoggishnesse and churlishnesse , refusing to doe good .

2. Good , contrary to peaceablenesse .

1. In excesse , by being of a man pleasing disposition , rather sinning then incurring their displeasure .

2. In defect .

1. By fained peace to entrap the sooner .

2. Frowardnes and contentiousnesse in causing falling out , 1. Betwixt our selues and others . 2. Betwixt some of our neighbours and others .

1. Betwixt our selues and others .

1. By procuring jarres . 2. By nourishing them .

1. By procuring iarres .

1. Through crosnesse and thwarting . 2. Through misconstruction of things indifferent . 3. Through prying into each weaknesse . 4. Through rigorous standing vpon ones right .

2. By nourishing them .

1. In stoutnesse , scorning to acknowledge and make amends for wrongs . 2. In vnappeasablenesse , and refusing to be contented with any reasonable satisfaction .

2 Falling o●t betwixt some of our neighbours and others , in desire to sow quarrels , and to nourish them .

So much of the effects of loue inward , respecting the acts of conuersation : now followes in respect of

2. Other accidents , in regard of his naturall estate befalling him .

1. Good , enuie , contrary to fellow reioycing . 2. Euill , 1. In excesse , which is foolish pittie . 2. In defect .

1. In hard hartednesse , in carelesse neglecting his miseries .

2. In crueltie , in reioycing at his smart , and reioycing in any euill of his whatsoeuer .

2. The effects of loue , in regard of his outward naturall estate .

1. In word . 2. Countenance . 3. In deed .

1. In word .

1. For matter . 2. For manner .

1. For matter .

1. Mocking , specially at his miserie . 2. Rayling at him , with ill names and vpbraidings . 3. Threatning him , with future reuenge .

2. For manner , clamorousnesse and crying out , in ouer-loud words .

2. In countenance and gesture , in a sowre , fierce , angry , discontented looke , and dogged carriage .

3. In deed , and that 1. By attempt alone , as casting a thing at him to hurt him , as Saul cast his Speare at Dauid . 2. By effect also in degrees . 1. Inferiour . 2. More notorious .

1. Inferiour , that hurts , but kills not , as 1. Oppressing . 2. Smiting .

1. Oppressing and grinding his face with hard dealing of any kinde .

2. Smiting , wounding , and mayming him .

2. More notorious , in taking away life .

1. Manifestly . 2. Closely .

1. Manifestly , 1. By weapon . 2. By poison giuen to him .

1. By weapon , whether 1. Suddenly in passion , or 2. Premeditately , as in lying for him , or challenging him .

2. Closely , by some deuice , as Dauid killed Vriah , and so many kill others , by sending them out to warre in hope they shall perish there , and neuer returne .

Hitherto of hurting ones neighbours naturall life . Now follow the hurts ,

2. To his spirituall life , and that 1. In word . 2. In deed .

1. In word , in foure kindes of ill speeches .

1. In poysoning him . 2. Drawing him . 3. In disswading him . 4. In discomforting .

1. In poysoning him , with hereticall and vnsound doctrine .

2. In drawing him to sin , whether

1. To commit it at first , which is , inticing to ill , or

2. To continue impenitently in it , which is , to strengthen the hands of the wicked , as a flatterer doth in commending one for that that is naught .

3. In disswading a man , from beginning or continuing to doe well , by faire or foule words .

4. In discomforting the tempted , or afflicted , with ill and aggrauating specches , and vnfound collections , as Iobs friends did .

2. Spirituall hurt in deed .

1. By molesting and troubling a man , for well doing .

2. By giuing bad example , especially being the first inuenter of a sinne .

3. By abusing of Christian libertie , to the grieuing of some , or animating of others in euill , this is to be vnderstood , if the thing be left at ones owne choice to doe , and he be not enioyned to doe it .

Hither of direct breaches of this commandement . The indirect breaches are , 1. Towards men . 2. Towards beasts .

1. Towards men .

1. Liuing . 2. Dead .

1. Liuing , by doing such things , as in likelihood may endanger them , as 1. Keeping cruell and mad beasts . 2. In building staires , or other like things dangerously , or stiles , &c.

2. Dead , by barbarous and inhumane vsage of the dead corps .

2. Towards beasts in two things .

1. In ouer-working them , without fit hartening of rest and prouender .

2. In delighting in their worrying one another for sports sake ; for a good man is mercifull to his beast , therefore it is the part of a bad man to be cruell .

Hitherto the sixth Commandement concerning our owne and neighbours safetie . The seuenth followes .

Thou shalt not commit adulterie .

ANd it takes order for the preseruation of the puritie and chastitie of our selues and our neighbours .

The things commanded are 1. Direct . 2. Indirect .

1. Direct , puritie or chastitie , which is , the right ordering of our whole man , in regard of the facultie of generation , and it is twofold .

1. Out of matrimonie . 2. In matrimonie .

1. Out of matrimonie , in single life , by restraint of our selues , in regard of that facultie , both inward and outward .

1. Inward , in holding of the desire it selfe in compasse , that it be not carried after one , that God hath not allowed to take : this is kept in order , 1. By spirituall meanes . 2. By naturall meanes .

1. By spirituall meanes , which is twofold .

1. Earnest praying , if need be , ioyned with fasting . 2. Meditating on Gods word , both threats and promises , that we may feare him , and delight in him .

2. By naturall meanes , which are three .

1. Temperance in diet , for quantitie and qualitie , both of meat and drinke . 2. Diligence , in labouring in a calling . 3. Shunning the opportunitie of time , place , and companie , fit to inuite to that sinne .

2. Outward , in regard 1. Of speech , by modestie and puritie of speech , putting away mentioning of vncleannesse , and all manner of incensiue speeches . 2. In regard of action , both in regard 1. Of things inducing to the sinfull act , by modest , shamefast carriage , free from all such behauiours , as may prouoke and incense . 2. Of the sinfull act it selfe , by possessing ones vessell in holinesse and honour , and keeping the body vndefiled .

2. The right ordering of a mans selfe in matrimonie , which in case the fore-named meanes will not subdue the desire , one is bound in conscience to contract , and therefore some duties concerne 1. The entring into this estate . 2. The vse and enioyment of this estate .

1. The duties required , vnto the entring into this estate , are two .

1. A due choice of a yoake-fellow , where some things ate to be respected .

1. Of necessitie . 2. Of conueniencie for the matter .

1. Of necessitie , which are three .

1. That they be sufficiently distant one from another , in regard 1. Of bloud . 2. Affinitie .

1. In regard of bloud , for the right line vpward and downward , abstaining from all generations ; no man euer marying his mother , grand-mother , great grand mother , &c. and so downward .

2. For the collaterall line .

1. Vnequall , abstaining from mariage , betwixt all that haue the place of parents and children , each in respect of each other , as the vncle from the neece , so the great vncle , &c.

2. Vnequall , abstaining from mariage betwixt brother and sister , and further , conscience so farre as I know doth not forbid .

2. Affinitie , where these be the rules ,

1. A man may marie none of those that are so neere to his wife in bloud , that were she a man , she might not marie them , and so a woman may marie none so neere to her husband in bloud , that had he beene a woman , he might not haue maried them .

2. Affinitie rests alone betwixt parties themselues , betwixt whom it befalleth , and doth not deriue it selfe to any other person . As I only am neere in affinitie to my wiues sister , so is not my brother , or father , or sonne , or vncle .

2. Dutie of necessitie , that they be of sufficient strength and age for generation , else it is a weake mariage .

3. Dutie of necessitie , that they be both free and vncontracted to any other , else it is a nullitie .

2. Things to be respected , in regard of conueniencie for matter .

1. Of religion , that they serue the same God , and be of the same religion . 2. Of ciuill life , that they be

1. Of proportionable qualitie for age , not one too old , or young for the other .

2. That there be a paritie of parentage and wealth , somewhat neere .

Thus farre of the dutie , at the entrance into the state of matrimonie , a due choice . Now followes the second dutie .

2. A due proceeding to it , where also some things 1. Of necessitie , must be done . 2. Of conueniencie , must be done .

1. Of necessitie .

1. They must haue consent of parents , if they haue parents .

2. They must take each other with an expresse couenant and purpose of liuing together during their life .

2. Some things are to be respected , in regard of conueniencie , that the couenant be 1. Made by degrees . 2. Be published .

1. Be made by degrees .

1. In espousals , which is a mutuall giuing of the right of each others bodies , by a serious and solemne promise of mariage .

2. In wedding , by giuing possession of each others bodies , in a promise of liuing together during life .

2. That the couenant be published and solemnized , according to the different custome of each countrie .

2. The duties that concerne the vse and enioyment of this estate .

1. In regard of the yoake-fellowes . 2. In regard of all others .

1. In regard of the yoake-fellowes selues , by communicating themselues , 1. Willingly , without grudging or shew of dislike of each other . 2. Seasonably . 3. Sanctifiedly with praier . 4. Moderately and sparingly , to asswage desire , not prouoke it .

2. In regard of enioyment of all others , by a totall abstinence from them , euen in desire , or any thing that may expresse desire . So much for things directly commanded .

2. It commands indirectly , 1. Shamefastnesse , a vertuous kinde of shaming , to doe or see any thing that may but carrie an appearance of mouing such conceits . 2. Grauitie , and modestie in attire .

Hitherto the affirmatiue : The negatiue followes , shewing how this commandement is broken , by omission and commission , and that 1. Directly . 2. Indirectly .

1. Directly .

1. Inwardly in heart . 2. Outwardly .

1. Inwardly in heart , by inordinate lust , and lust is inordinate , 1. For the measure , when it is a burning , an eager and a vehement desire , bearing downe the whole soule , and consuming all other desires . 2. For the subiect , when it wanders towards vnallowed persons .

2. Outwardly , and that 1. In rotten communication . 2. In actions that are lewd .

1. Rotten communication .

1. By prouoking , foule speeches , chiefly songs . 2. By talking of the lewd deeds of others , or ones selfe , with delight . 3. By soliciting , and tempting any body , as Iosephs mistresse did him .

2. In actions that are lewd .

1. Such as leade and induce to the act . 2. The act it selfe .

1. Such as lead and induce to the act , which is wantonnesse , 1. Of the body . 2. Of attire .

1. Of the body it selfe .

1. For the seuerall parts of it . 2. For the whole .

1. For the seuerall parts of it , as 1. The eie . 2. The eare . 3. The foot . 4. The hand . 5. The mouth .

1. The eie and countenance .

1. By beholding things . 2. By alluring glances .

1. Beholding things incensiue , as 1. Lewd pictures and Images . 2. Filthy stage plaies . 3. The generating of beasts . 4. Nakednesse of others .

2. By alluring , and promising glances of the eie , in hauing eies full of adulterie .

2. The eare , by a willing listening to filthy tales , speeches and songs .

3. The foot .

1. Running to places of ill resort , fit for that ill purpose . 2. In making signes of ill meaning , treading on the toe .

4. The hand .

1. In gesturing sorth vncleannes .

2. In touching and toying by any ouer-familiar touches , chiefly of the secret parts , for which a womans hand was to be cut off .

5. The mouth , in vnchaste kissing .

2. The whole body , 1. In impure imbraces and counterfetting the act of euill . 2. Lasciuious dancing or reuelling , which is an artificiall wantonnesse .

2. The wantonnesse of attire , and that 1. By light and vndecent attire that speaketh out wantonnesse and vanity , as laying open the breast . 2. By changing attire , in a mans putting on womans apparell , or contrarily , which God calleth abomination vnto him .

2. The lewd act it selfe : which is , 1. In strange and vndue abuses of this facultie . 2. In inordinate abuse of the course of nature .

1. In strange abuses of this faculty , otherwise then agrees to the naturall course .

1. With ones selfe by committing the sinne of Er and Onan . 2. With others . 1. Of the same kinde . 2. Of other kindes , as man or woman with a beast , which is confusion .

1. Of the same kinde , and that 1. Of a different sex . 2. Of the same sex , viz. Man with man , or woman with woman .

2. Inordinate act of abuse of the course of nature is either out of mariage , or in respect of mariage .

1. Out of marriage , fornication , which is a mixture of two single persons , aggrauated 1. By the manner of committing . 2. By the person with whom it was committed .

1. By the manner of committing , if be done 1. By violence , so its rape . 2. By charmes and spels , so it s worse .

2. By the person with whom it was committed , if it be too neare of kin or affinity , then it s called incest .

2. Inordinate abuse of the course of nature in respect of mariage , and that 1. For the owne yokefellow . 2. For others besides .

1. For the own yoke-fellow , and that 1. For the entring to it . 2. For the vse of it .

1. For the entring into it .

1. In regard of choice . 2. In regard of proceeding .

1. In regard of choice , if one take 1. One that is precontracted . 2. One that is too neere a kin .

2. In regard of proceeding , if one enter it 1. Without consent of parents . 2. By a forced couenant , or else fained , or extorted by fraud .

2. In regard of the vse of it .

1. By deniall of ones selfe to the yokefellow , chiefly in running away in desertion . 2. By abuse of the mariage bed , and that 1. Vnsanctifiedly . 2. Vnseasonably . 3. Immoderatly .

2. Others beside the owne yoke-fellow .

1. In polygamie , which is a couert adulterie . 2. In flat adultery with another , not so much as in conceit a wife or an husband , which is , 1. Single , when one alone is maried , and is the worse , if the woman be maried . 2. Double , when both are maried , and both receiue aggrauations , as fornication did before .

So much of direct breaches , it is also broken

2. Indirectly , and that 1. By occasions of this sinne . 2. By the appearances of euill .

1. By the occasions of this sinne .

1. To others . 2. To ones selfe .

1. To others .

1. In costly attire . 2. In discouering ones selfe impudently or carelesly .

2. To ones selfe .

1. By idlenesse and neglecting ones calling . 2. By intemperance in food . 1. For quality , which is luxuriousnesse . 2. For quantity , which is gluttony and drunkennesse . 3. By vnseasonablenesse of meeting , 1. In respect of place , solitary . 2. In respect of time , in the night . 3. In respect of person , one that one desireth or hath sinned with , or is likely to tempt or yeeld .

2. Indirectly by the appearances of euill , 1. In garish attire . 2. In light cariage . 3. In companie keeping with suspected persons .

Hitherto of the seuenth Commandement : the eighth followeth .

Thou shalt not steale .

ANd it takes order for the right cariage of our selues , in regard of riches or goods of this world .

The things herein are , 1. Inward . 2. Outward .

1. Inward , a well ordering of the inward man towards these outward goods in regard of 1. The iudgement , by esteeming meanely of riches , in contemning it , or counting it dung or drosse in comparison of heauen , and of little value simply , because it can doe no good , but in this base and worthlesse life . 2. In regard of the thoughts , that they bee but sparingly bestowed in thinking of worldly businesse , euen no more then the necessity of our calling induceth . 3. In regard of the affections , which are chiefly six . 1. Loue , 2. Desire , 3. Trust , 4. Ioy , 5. Feare , 6. Griefe ; that must not be at all , or scarse any whit at all exercised about the goods of this life , for S. Iohn saith , Loue not the world , and be contented with that you haue ; and trust not in riches ; and let the rich man not reioyce in his riches ; and care not for to morrow , and let vs vse the world as though we vsed it not .

2. The outward things commanded , are 1. In regard of our owne estate or goods . 2. In regard of the estates and goods of others .

1. In regard of our own estate or goods .

1. By a due care of maintaining our estate . 2. Of enioying and vsing the same .

1. By a due care of maintaining our estate : and that is , 1. By due getting . 2. By due keeping .

1. By due getting , to which end 1. We must haue a lawfull calling , something to imploy our selues in for our owne aduantage by the common good . 2. We must vse it lawfully , viz. 1. To the right end , the interesting of our selues into Gods blessings according to his will . 2. In a right manner , with practise of three vertues . 1. Diligence . 2. Prudence . 3. Cheerefulnesse .

2. By due keeping , which is thrift .

1. Diligence , is a vertue whereby men doe duly apply themselues to the workes of their particular callings : it hath two parts .

1. Painfulnesse and laboriousnesse , whereby a man doth earnestly performe the workes of his calling whilst he is at them , setting his head and hand and all to worke therein to some purpose . 2. Constancy , whereby a man continues close at them , till there bee a iust cause of intermission offered .

The iust causes of intermitting our callings are , 1. Spirituall . 2. Naturall .

1. Spirituall , 1. For the sanctifying of the Sabbath day . 2. For performing religious duties on the weeke day , either 1. Priuate . 2. Publike .

1. Priuate , as 1. Prayer . 2. Meditation of Gods word .

1. Praier .

1. Alone . 2. With the family .

2. Publique , the hearing of the word of God preached , vnlesse some extraordinary or speciall occasion of our calling hinder .

2. Naturall causes of intermitting our calling , and these are 1. Necessary . 2. Indifferent .

1. Necessary , respecting 1. Others . 2. Ourselues .

1. Others , to doe seruice , 1. In the workes of an higher calling , as in publique meetings , &c. 2. In the workes of mercy , visiting the afflicted . 3. In workes of courtesie , visiting of friends and feasting , &c. so that it bee moderate , not hurting ones estate , and with choyce of fit times .

2. Respecting our selues .

1. In sicknesse , when God doth force vs to cease from them . 2. In health . 1. For feeding our selues . 2. For refreshing our bodies with fit sleepe .

2. Naturall causes indifferent for sports and pastimes : and that we may lawfully vse pastimes or sports , we must ,

1. Aime at the right ends , which are 1. Principall , Gods glory , by fitting our selues the better to serue him in our callings . 2. Inferiour , which are 1. Refreshing of the minde in dulnesse . 2. Exercising of the body for health .

2. That we may lawfully vse sports , we must obserue the right rules for attaining of these ends , for 1. Our affections to sports , that we loue them not , that is , suffer not our hearts to be so set vpon them , that wee cannot quietly want them ; because we haue brought our selues in subiection to them . 2. The sports themselues , concerning 1. The matter of them . 2. The manner of vsing them .

1. Concerning the matter of them , three rules must be followed in choyce of sport .

Rule 1.

1. That the thing vsed for sport , be a thing lawfull and indifferent .

1. In regard of it selfe and its owne nature , as not being forbidden by God .

2. In regard of other considerations , taken 1. From the Magistrate . 2. From our selues . 3. From our brethren .

1. From the Magistrate , that it be not by his lawes prohibited .

2. From our selues , that it be not 1. Ouer-costly . 2. Ouer-dangerous .

1. Ouer-costly for our estates , as taking vp more expence then wee can vsually allow , 1. For Gods worship to maintaine it . 2. For workes of mercy to the poore . 3. For workes of mercy to our brethren .

2. Ouer-dangerous to our bodies , as hazarding life or limme in the following of it , as some sports doe .

3. From our brethren , in that it doth not trespasse and dammage them .

Rule 2. for choyce of sports .

2. That the thing vsed to sport be someway beneficiall in it selfe , not barely seruing to content the fancy , else it s worse then an idle word , and so a sinne .

Rule 3. for choyce of sports .

3. That it be a matter so meane and low , as may be abased to so meane an vse as sporting , for serious and waighty things must be handled seriously .

2. The manner of vsing sports , in regard of the principall circumstances .

1. Time .

1. Not beginning before the vse of body or minde doe require them .

2. Continuing , and that must bee but a little time , euen lesse then vsually is spent vpon duties of religion .

2. Circumstance is company , with whom wee ioyne in them , that they bee at least ciuilly and morally honest men , not notorious and scandalous sinners .

3. Circumstance is of place , that it be 1. Somwhat retired , not ouer-publique , for feare of offence and inconueniences . 2. Of honest note , not infamous .

4. Circumstance is price , that we play for nothing , seeing sports are not appointed by God to transferre the right of goods from one to another , but acts of our calling , and because this is the procurer of most abuses committed in sporting through the setting of a greater edge vpon a mans desires to them then they should haue to things sportfull , or if wee will needes play for something , the summe must needs bee of such a nature , 1. As the players both of them can well spare without any apparant detriment to their estates . 2. As for the quantity of it , is not fit to stirre vp couetous passions . 3. As in other cases a man of discretion would make none account , nor be no whit at all moued with the gaining or losing of it .

Hitherto diligence in our callings : the next vertue to be practised in our callings is prudence or discretion .

2. Prudence is a vertue of ordering our affaires in such a manner , as we may attaine good and prosperous successe therein , or if we be crossed , it befall not through any default of our owne .

The rules of wisdome tend to two heads .

1. To meet with losses . 2. To make our businesse thriue .

1. To meet with losses and indammagements .

1. By preuenting them . 2. By mitigating them .

1. By preuenting them so farre as may bee .

1. By taking good security of those with whom we deale : Take a pledge of his hand , for a stranger , saith Salomon .

2. By secrecy : Keepe thy selfe secret for the wife of thy bosome , saith the Prophet .

3. By a good boldnesse , to denie vnfit requests , chiefly of those that enter into bonds , or bee sureties for them , vnlesse it be 1. For honest men , and sufficient to our knowledge . 2. For our friends and familiars . 3. For such summes as we can well pay our selues , without feeling a great burden to our estates . 4. By dealing plainly and squarely with all men , lest it fall out that crafty snares take his foot that laid them .

Hitherto of preuenting losses , now followes

2. By mitigating losses , and making them as easie as may be , which cannot be totally preuented , as by reuealing ones debts , &c. to his friends , and crauing their helpe , afore it be too late , as Salomon aduiseth in case of suretiship .

2. Rule of wisdome is to make ones businesse thriue and proue gainfull , for which end some generall rules are giuen in Scripture .

1. Obserue and take fit times and seasons , that nature or other occasions offer , as the Ant that laboureth in Summer , for that is a season for all things , as in youth and health to get for age and sicknesse , &c.

2. To know our estate , and keepe all our affaires , bargaines , &c. within the compasse of it , as Salomon bids , Know the face of thy flocke , Pro. 27.23 .

3. To doe things chiefly of importance in ones estate , with deliberation and counsell , for in the multitude of counsellers is peace .

4. To feare the worst as well as hope the best , for suspecting what ill may come , and not only what must needs come .

5. To put all things to such vse , as much as may be , that a man may liue of his owne and not be euer buying , as Salomon aduiseth , Pro. 27. last .

3. Duty . Hitherto of wisdome in our callings ; cheerefulnesse followes , and it is a vertue whereby a man goes forward in the works of his calling with an vndiscouraged heart , euen though crosses come , out of the consideration of Gods good prouidence in all things , and a dependance vpon his truth to cause all worke for the best . And so much for that part of maintaining ones estate which consists in getting . That followes that consists in keeping , and here comes to be practised the vertue of thrift .

Thrift is the vertue of obseruing due measure in expences , and it is done by two things .

1. By cutting off vnfit expences . 2. By moderating needfull expences .

1. By cutting off vnfit expences , which are of two sorts .

1. Vnlawfull , such as when the matter whereupon they are bestowed is repugnant to Gods will , as maintaining of Harlots , Bauds , &c. and an hundred such like .

2. Needlesse , such as come not within the limits of a mans vocation , and wherein he followes not God ( spending because hee sees God would haue him spend ) but his owne lusts , spending because for some carnall end he hath a will to spend , whereof the most vsuall are these .

1. By vaine iourneys from place to place . 2. By vaine feastings , and merry meetings . 3. By vaine sutes in law to vndoe another , or seeke reuenge of him . 4. By vaine gifts to ones greater , in hope of aspiring . 5. By vaine vndertaking in ostentation to pay for all when he comes in company , &c.

2. By moderating needfull and vertuous expences , in meate , drinke , apparell , building , houshold stuffe , sports and the like to these , framing them

1. To the naturall vse appointed of God .

2. To a mans owne meanes , gettings , and reuenues , for if more come out then in , there will be emptinesse at last .

3. To a mans owne estate and place , in regard of gouernment , and authority , and ranke where hee dwels : a gentleman must not affect to be like a Lord , a Lord like a King , in building and such like .

Hitherto of maintaining ones estate :

2. Now secondly of enioying and vsing the same by applying our selues to reape those benefits from them whereto naturally they serue , and which God would haue vs to reape by the practise of the vertue of liberality or bounty , or in a great estate munificence , both in respect , 1. Of our selues , by taking a comfortable portion for our persons and families , in meat , drinke , cloth , &c. according as God shall blesse vs . 2. To others , and that both 1. Publique . 2. Priuate .

1. Publique , in being at charges for the common benefit in building , bridges , hie-waies , free-schooles , colledges , almes-houses , hospitals , &c. which is right munificence and a being rich in good workes .

2. Priuate , and particular .

1. In mercy . 2. In kindnesse .

1. In mercy to the distressed .

1. By lending freely to them that neede . 2. By giuing to them that want .

2. In kindnesse to neighbours and friends , and all men in the practise of the vertue of hospitality ( by a louing and moderate entertainment of honest men that shall haue occasion to come vnto vs ) and other like courtesies , onely know that mercy must take the vpper hand of these curtesies , for Christ saith , call not thy rich friends to dinner , but the poore , meaning call the poore rather .

Hitherto of the duties required in regard of our owne estate . That followes secondly which concerneth ▪

2. The estate and goods of other men , called particular iustice , which is the vertue of giuing to euery man his owne , of which we must consider , 1. The generall rules . 2. The diuers kinds .

1. The generall rules , which in Scripture are two .

1. Doe to euery man , at ye would they should doe to you . 2. Serue each other in loue , not looking altogether to serue your selues .

2. The diuers kinds : iustice is 1. Of words , called truth , 1. In assertions , denying or affirming as the thing is . 2. Promises , faithfully resoluing and endeuouring to the vtmost of our power to keepe them . 2. Iustice is of dealings and affaires consisting of many words and actions , and this is 1. Commutatiue . 2. Distributiue .

1. Commutatiue , that concerneth affaires that passe betwixt man and man in regard of the goods of this world : Inioyning vs 1. For parting with that that it in our hands to others . 2. For taking from others .

1. For parting with that that is in our hand to others .

1. To make them satisfaction for all trespasses wittingly or vnwittingly done to them in their goods , by our selues or beasts , &c.

2. To make restitution to them of whatsoeuer we haue vnlawfully gotten into our hands , or if the right owner bee vnknowne or gone , we must restore it to God for the maintenance of his worship .

2. Wee are inioyned for taking any thing into our owne hands of others . Of which consider , 1. The generall rule . 2. The most eminent and vsuall kindes .

1. The generall rule , which is this , Let no man take any thing but that , nor any more but that , to which hee hath sure and plaine right and title .

Right is a respect depending betwixt some persons , and some good , out of some due consideration , in reason , whereby the possessing of that wealth becomes lawfull for those persons . Right is of two sorts .

1. Diuine . 2. Humane .

1. Diuine , arising from some speciall institution of God in his word , as that of the Ministers of the law to tithes , and so now of the Ministers of the Gospell too , which succeeding in the worke of attending Gods worship , cannot but succeed them in the reward of taking Gods portion , that is , the tenth , which hee hath challenged as his owne , of all men increase .

2. Humane , arising from the common institution of God , founded vpon some speciall things considerable in men , and this is also double .

1. Naturall . 2. Ciuill .

1. Naturall , that is grounded vpon the light of nature going alone , and that in things of two sorts .

1. Such as haue no knowne and certaine owner . 2. Such as haue a certaine and knowne owner .

1. Such as haue no certaine and knowne owner , as 1. Publique things , the right whereto must be taken from transaction of publique persons . 2. Common things , as wild-fowle , and which are his that by honest labour without trespassing the lawes or ones neighbours , shall get them . 3. Lost things , which are his that findes them , vnlesse the owner shall bee knowne , or the lawes dispose otherwise .

2. Such as haue a certaine and knowne owner , and in these right ariseth either 1. From the person that departeth with goods . 2. From both parties ioyntly .

1. From the person that departeth with goods onely and alone , and that is either

1. By free will , I say , will free from error , deceit , compulsion or force , open or secret , composition or conditioning , secret or open , and that that is so passed is gift .

2. By iniury offered by him to the person , goods , name , &c. of the other , according to the quantity or quality of the wrong for matter or circumstance , and this is satisfaction .

2. From both parties ioyntly , viz. him that parteth with goods , and him that receiueth the same too , and that is either 1. Some speciall obligation passing betwixt them , of neerenesse of bloud , or duty , or the like , whereupon are grounded inheritances , and the descent of lands and goods , and diuers payments and dues to princes and officers . 2. Some exchange of one beneficiall thing for another of proportionable value , I say beneficiall in it selfe , and in it owne nature , as 1. Seruice . 2. Stuffe .

1. Seruice , for Stuffe , and seruice .

2. Stuffe , for seruice and stuffe , according to that speech , do vt des , do vt facias , facio vt des , facio vt facias . And here is the ground of lawfull contracts and bargaines , a lawfull bargaine being nothing else , but the expressing of an agreement vpon such an exchange .

2. Ciuill , humane right , arising from the laws of each kingdome , state and societie , ( which doe so far forth , and no further warrant conscience , and giue right before God , as they are built vpon the fore-mentioned , either naturall or diuine rights ) which are referrable to two heads .

1. Rewards , priuiledges , fees , &c. 2. Penalties , mulcts , punishments .

Hitherto the generall rule of commutatiue iustice , now followes

2. The most eminent and vsuall kinds , which are fiue paire .

1. Paire . 1. Buying . 2. Selling. 2. Paire . 1. Setting or letting . 2. Taking . 3. Paire . 1. Borrowing . 2. Lending . 4. Paire . 1. Hiring . 2. Working for hire . 5. Paire . Partnership . In buying and selling , 1. The buyer is bound . 2. The seller .

1. The buyer is bound to some things .

1. In regard of the thing bought , that he buy alone , that that is free for him to buy : no man else being interessed into it by any precedent cheapning or bargaine .

2. In regard of the manner of the buying .

1. For reckonings , that he make straight and true .

2. For price , that he giue as much as the thing is worth , in his owne esteeme .

3. For paiment , that he make it with currant money , and in the appointed time .

4. For measure , that he satisfie himselfe with the due measure , and seeke no tricks , for procuring an ouer-plus .

2. The seller is bound to some things respecting

1. The thing sold , that it be saleable for substance and qualitie , the same that he would haue it taken for , not worse .

2. The manner of selling .

1. For reckoning , that he make it iust and square .

2. For price , that he take no more then the worth of a thing , that is , so much as it is vsually sold for , and as may make him a sufficient gainer in his calling , euen so much as he would giue , all things considered , if he were to buy .

3. For the measure and waight , that he vse true ones truly .

3. The seller is bound to some things , respecting the person to whom he selleth , that he satisfie himselfe with customes duly gotten , not by tricks and deuices drawing in any one .

In setting , letting , and taking , the duties 1. Of the setter . 2. Of the taker .

1. Of the setter or Land-lord ( for the chiefe setting is of land , though there be a setting also of other things . )

1. That he set things at a reasonable rate , euen as himselfe would giue , and as the taker may be a gainer .

2. That he set things good and sufficient for the vse whereto they be set , not secretly faultie , as houses or land , in whom some other hath some title , or the like .

3. That he afford to the taker , a quiet vse , fruition , and enioyment of the things set , according to the conditions agreed vpon , without any oppressing him with other seruices .

4. That in case of Lands and houses and the like , he renew the lease of his Tenant , ( or his estate , as it falls our ) vpon reasonable termes , rather then set it to any other , supposing the Tenant to haue beene a carefull and faithfull Tenant .

2. The taker must 1. Take that is free from others . 2. Keepe that he taketh without spoile , or waste , or hauocke , and vse it well whatsoeuer it be , horse or other thing . 3. Paie his rent or hire in due time . 4. He must redeliuer it to him that set it , according to conditions , safely kept and preserued .

In borrowing and lending , the duties 1. Of the borrower . 2. Of the lender .

1. Of the borrower are , 1. To borrow but for his need and vse , when he cannot make any other shift , not otherwise , for why should hee make himselfe a slaue ? 2. But resolue , and care to repay in due season . 3. Must vse the thing borrowed so well , supposing it to be a thing to be repaid in the same indiuiduall thing , as if it were his owne .

2. The lenders duties are 1. To lend freely to the poore ( that are honest , and conscionable of repayment ) so much as they can spare . 2. To lend , but for a moderate gaine , ( in case they lend to a sufficient man , that shall imploy it to his gaine ) at most , but for so much as that summe of money laid out in the purchase of Land or an house , would yeeld ( or if any more , very little , in consideration of the greater casualties of money , then an house ) with the like ease . and freedome from all trauell and expence . 3. To vse moderation , in the taking of morgages and forfeitures . 4. To be as much as may be , without too much detriment , forbearant in suits of Law .

In partnership , the duties of partners are 1. To make indifferent and equall conditions of their partnership . 2. To vse due care and diligence in the things that are betwixt them , as their owne proper goods . 3. To purloine , and diuert nothing from the common stocke without agreement , but to giue vp an euen reckoning , and make a iust diuision , according to their couenants .

So much for commutatiue iustice . Now

2. Of distributiue iustice , so farre as concernes the iust decision of controuersies about meum and tuum , and the iust satisfaction of dammages and wrongs in ones goods , in matters 1. Ciuill . 2. Ecclesiasticall .

1. Ciuill , so farre as concernes 1. Priuate persons . 2. Publique persons .

1. Priuate persons , that haue causes in courts of iustice .

1. That they commence not causelesse suits , grounded on spight , or quiddities of law .

2. That they vse no dishonest shifts nor delaies , to wearie out an aduersarie , and by name not briberie .

2. Which concerne publique persons .

1. All , in regard of publique lands , &c. committed to them , that they imploy them faithfully to the publique good .

2. Those that haue to doe in sentencing causes .

1. That they content themselues with lawfull and moderate fees . 2. That they further the right , each to his vtmost knowledge and power .

2. In matters ecclesiasticall .

1. By bestowing of holy goods on holy things and persons .

2. By a free bringing in of fit men to the ministery , and the places of charge , which we call benefices , for if the Iudge must take no gift , I pray you may the Patron ? Will it not also blinde his eies ?

So much for the affirmatiue part of this commandement . The negatiue followes , which is broken two waies , 1. By omission of any of the things commanded . 2. By doing things contrarie thereto , and that 1. Inwardly . 2. Outwardly .

1. Inwardly , in the disorder of the inward man about wealth , viz. 1. In the iudgement , in high esteeming of riches , which is , laying vp treasure on earth . 2. In the thoughts , in minding earthly things , bestowing many , yea the most of our thoughts vpon them , leauing none , or the fewer number , for things celestiall . 3. The affections to wealth . 1. Simplie . 2. Respectiuely .

1. Simply , and in it selfe : loue , when a man loues the world for the loue of money , is the root of all euill .

2. Respectiuely .

1. To our hauing them . 2. To our wanting them .

1. To our hauing them .

1. Already . 2. Hereafter .

1. Alreadie .

1. Of confidence , when we trust in riches , .i. promise our selues to liue happily , or to scape miserie for them .

2. Of ioy , when wee are very glad , of hauing gotten much .

2. Hereafter , desire , when we couet wealth inordinately , 1. For degree of desiring , in suffering the desire to be earnest . 2. For quantitie of the things desired , when we desire more then enough for necessarie vses . 3. For the end of desiring , when we wish them , either only to looke vpon , or to set vp our selues .

2. Respectiue , wanting them 1. For the present , in carnall sorrow , whereby we ouer-grieue crosses and losses . 2. For the time to come , in carking and caring , which is a mixture of griefe and feare for wants doubted of that they will come .

2. By doing things outwardly contrarie thereto .

1. In regard of our owne estate . 2. In regard of others .

1. In regard of our owne estate or goods , concerning 1. The maintaining of our estates . 2. The vsing of them .

1. In regard of maintaining our estates .

1. By getting . 2. By keeping .

1. By getting , where are two maine sinnes .

1. Liuing without a calling , as vagrants , and most Gentlemen and Vsurers . 2. Abusing a calling .

1. For the matter of it , when it is either sinful or vselesse , as the Beareward , the keepers of cock-pits , dicing houses , &c.

2. For the end of following it , when one labours to be rich , propounding a false end to himselfe in his labours .

3. For the manner of prosecuting it .

1. In excesse . 2. In defect .

1. In excesse .

1. By toilesomnesse , that is , to eager setting to the workes of ones calling , that one hath no time for comfortable refreshing , or exercises of pietie .

1. For himselfe . 2. For his people and familie .

2. By craft and worldly wisdome , when a man is so attentiue to his gaine , that he neglects iustice and honesty , at least the things of a better life .

3. By too much iollitie and liuelinesse , when a man hath no life , but for his worldly businesse , because he sees prosperitie comming .

2. In defect , by three vices .

1. Idlenesse . 2. Folly . 3. Dulnesse and lumpishnesse .

1. Idlenesse is the sinne of slacknesse in doing the workes of his calling , and hath two parts . 1. A carelesse doing of them , whilst we tarie at them , working as the Prophet saith , till one be cold . 2. A causelesse departing from ones businesse , and bestowing the time in things vnprofitable , that are so 1. Simply . 2. Accidentally .

1. Simplie : as 1. Vaine twattle , and talke of the lips . 2. Vaine bookes and Pamphlets . 3. Vaine thoughts and conceits .

2. Accidentally .

1. In regard of their quantitie . 2. In regard of their impertinencie .

1. In regard of their quantitie , because they be vsed too much , as 1. Sports , which is sportfulnesse . 2. Sleepe , which is , sluggishnesse .

2. In regard of impertinencie , in that they concerne not ones selfe , as being a busie body in others matters .

2. Vice , folly is the vice of doing things in such an vntowardly manner , as that one hinders himselfe , and brings crosses vpon himselfe , and that foure waies .

1. By rashnesse . 2. Heedlesnesse . 3. Too much opennesse . 4. Credulitie .

1. By rashnesse , venturing vpon things hastilie , and of ones owne head .

2. By heedlesnesse , in casting off the consideration 1. Of a mans owne estate , how farre it can reach , or cannot reach . 2. Of the perils and dangers that may come , in all dealings . 3. Of the fit seasons , of doing and getting things .

3. By too too much opennesse and blabbing .

4. By credulitie and too much beleeuing , where the maine fault is , suretiship and carelesse lending .

3. Vice , dulnesse in following ones calling , which is a vice of being heauie , and troubled in ones calling , and vnwilling to follow it , in regard of discouragement by crosses , and wanting of successe .

Hitherto of the faults in getting : now for keeping it , and likewise of vsing , for they are neere of a nature , and coincident , the same vices crossing the two vertues of thrift and liberalitie , viz. 1. In defect . 2. In excesse .

1. In defect , nigardice , which is a sparing more then is fit , both

1. From ones selfe and family , when he cannot afford himselfe and them fit food and attire for his place and meanes .

2. From others .

1. By churlishnesse , against kindnesse and hospitalitie , when one refuseth to giue fit entertainment , and performe fit curtesies .

2. Hard heartednesse , when one refuseth to releeue the necessities of the poore , and to doe other workes of mercy according to his place .

2. In excesse , which is twofold .

1. Wastefulnesse , in letting those , as bread , drinke meat , &c. goe carelesly to losse . 2. Prodigalitie in expences . 1. Sinfull , as riot , gaming . 2. Superfluous .

1. Exceeding ones place , when he striues to be as hie as any of his ranke , yea , as some of an hier ranke .

2. Ones meanes , in that his expence procures 1. Indebtednesse , that he goes into the bookes and bonds , more then he can well pay . 2. Barenesse , in that nothing remaines 1. For himselfe . 2. For workes of mercy .

1. For himselfe , 1. To bestow on his children . 2. To beare out sicknesse or crosses .

2. Barenesse , for workes of mercie , such as his estate well husbanded would afford .

So much of the sinnes against ones owne estate : those follow , that are committed against the estates

2. Of others , our neighbours , by the practise of vniustice : vniustice is the sin of desiring and taking that that is another mans , or of hindering another man from that that is his owne . Vniustice is practised 1. Palpably . 2. Colourably .

1. Palpably and plainly , when there is no colour of any cause alledged , why a man should haue that that is anothers , yet he will haue it without any , so much as a seeming right , and that 1. By taking . 2. Keeping .

1. By taking , 1. In ones owne person . 2. In his beast .

1. In ones owne person .

1. By fraud and cousenage , whereof the deuill and men haue inuented a thousand tricks .

2. By force and violence , carrying away our neighbours good , cleane against his good liking , as in robberies and thefts of all kindes .

2. In his beast , by wilfull trespassing ones neighbour , in causing ones horse or oxe to feed of his grasse or corne , vnlesse in case of necessitie , to releeue a tired beast by the way , or such like indammagement witting or vnwitting .

2. Iniustice is practised by keeping or detaining things that our neighbour hath right vnto , as 1. Things stolne by another , where the receiuer is truly accounted worse then the theefe . 2. Things lost , when the owner is knowne or might be knowne , if one would vse any fit meanes to finde him out . 3. Legacies , or any other thing committed to ones trust , to bestow vpon another . 4. Ill gotten goods or lands , that ones selfe or predecessors haue sinfully come by . 5. Due satisfaction of dammages and trespasses , wherein one hath wronged his neighbour .

2. Vniustice is practised colourably , when the vniustice is hidden ouer with some shew of right , whereof 1. Generally . 2. Particularly .

1. Generally , the maine points are , 1. Falshood . 2. Rigor .

1. Falshood .

1. In words , by lying in all kinde of dealing , to bring one gaines . 2. In deeds , when they be not agreeable to ones promises and vndertakings .

2. The second generall rigor or extremitie , when a man will take all that he can make any shift , by any quirke or quidditie of law , in extremitie to get or to keepe , for extreme right is extreme wrong .

2. Particularly . The speciall points are 1. In dealings lesse eminent . 2. In dealings more eminent .

1. In dealings lesse eminent , or the ordinarie passages of businesse , betwixt priuate men in bargaining , whereof there are fiue most remarkable kindes , viz. 1. Buying . Selling. 2. Setting and Letting . Taking . 3. Borrowing . Lending . 4. Hiering . Working for hire . 5. Partnership .

2. In dealings more eminent and publique .

1. Ciuill . 2. Ecclesiasticall .

1. Ciuill .

1. By priuate men . 2. By publique persons .

1. By priuate men , 1. Betwixt buyers and sellers . 2. Betwixt setters and letters .

2. Publique persons .

1. Betwixt buyers and sellers , the faults are 1. Of the buyer . 2. Of the seller .

1. Of the buyer .

1. In regard of the thing that he doth buy . 2. In regard of the manner of buying .

1. In regard of the thing that he doth buy .

1. For quantitie , ingrossing , when he buyes vp the store that God sends , and forceth a scarcitie , to enrich himselfe .

2. For the interest some other hath vnto it , when he buyes it out of another mans hands .

2. The manner of buying .

1. In regard of price . 2. In regard of reckoning . 3. In regard of paiment . 4. In regard of weighing .

1. In regard of price , when because of the simplicitie or necessitie of the seller , he gets it for lesse then he knowes it to be worth , that is , then other who knew it , and had not such need , but yet were willing to sell , would vsually sell the same .

2. In regard of reckoning , when he misreckons the seller , because of his simplicitie or forgetfulnesse .

3. In regard of paiment , when he paies him false coine , or out of the appointed season agreed vpon betwixt them .

4. In regard of weighing or measuring , when by some deuices he gets more then his due .

2. The faults in regard of the seller , are 1. For the matter . 2. For the manner . 3. For the person .

1. For the matter sold , if it be insufficient and vnsaleable , as stuffe that is not the same for matter and goodnesse , which it is made to appeare , or land that is intangled by some former bargaine .

2. For the manner of selling .

1. In regard of weights and measures , when they be not the same for heft , content , and extent , that law doth appoint , and vsually men in dealing doe expect .

2. In regard of the manner of vsing waights and measures , when a man makes shew to giue waight and measure , but by iogging and other trickes doth cut the matter shorter , as in measuring three quarters of an Ell for a yard , which lacks about a naile of a yard in measure .

3. In regard of the price , when the seller abuseth the buyers necessitie or simplicitie , to sell a thing dearer then he knowes it to be worth .

4. In regard of reckonings , when the seller ouer-reckoneth the buyer , because of his carelesnesse , forgetfulnesse , or ignorance .

3. The seller is in fault , in regard of the person with whom he dealeth , when he labours by odde tricks to get away another mans customer , as by selling for a while better cheape then he can afford , that after he may fetch it out againe , when he hath gotten the customer to credit him .

2. Faults betwixt them that set and let things , and them that take , the faults are 1. Of the setter . 2. Of the taker .

1. Of the setter , whether he set or let 1. Lands . 2. Other things .

1. Lands and tenements , and that 1. By depopulating of townes and villages . 2. By thrusting out tenants causelesly in anger . 3. By grinding his tenants .

1. By racking rents to excessiue prices .

2. By letting vpon hard conditions .

3. By misconstruing conditions , specially to depriue him of his bargaine .

4. By exacting hard seruices aboue the conditions , as that a poore labourer must worke with him all haruest for a pennie or two pence a day lesse then other men would giue .

2. In regard of other things , which are of other natures , as horses , apparell , and the like , and that 1. By setting such things , as are knowne to be naught and vnsufficient for his vse that hireth the same . 2. By taking too hard a rate for them , because of the takers need . 3. By turning the losse , ( if any come by Gods hand , not the takers abusing the thing let ) vpon the taker , by any tricks , for the thing hired is lost to the hirer , if it miscarie without the fault of the taker .

2. The faults of the taker are 1. Taking lands or houses ouer another mans head , or any other thing out of another mans hand , that is , when he is about to take it , and hath will and meanes , then by offering more then he is in price for , or by preuenting the tenant with offering before him , to get it from him . 2. Neglecting to pay the rent , or hire of a thing in due time and quantitie . 3. Making waste in land by cutting the woods , or letting it goe out of heart , or the like . 4. Suffering houses and tenements to goe out of repaire . 5. Abusing other things hired , as horses by ouer-riding them , and not affording them such prouender , and hay or grasse as is sufficient , and as wontedly men doe giue to their owne horses .

3. Betwixt the borrower and lender , there are sinnes 1. Of the borrower . 2. Of the lender .

1. Of the borrower .

1. If he run in debt carelesly , or through greedinesse , he that is bold to borrow , dealeth foolishly and vniustly too .

2. If he be carelesse to pay in due time , putting the lender to seeke and sue for his owne .

3. If he breake and play the banckerupt , only to beguile men , and compound for lesse then the summes which he doth owe .

4. If he abuse the thing lent , it being such a thing as may be abused , as an horse , &c.

5. If he winde others into danger , by drawing them to be sureties for him , and then leauing them in the lurch .

2. The lender sinneth , 1. If he rigorously exact debts of poore men , and such as Gods hand by losses and crosses hath brought low . 2. If he transgresse in pledges , and in morgages . 1. By taking a pledge of the poore , Iob. 24.9 . 2. By taking of any mans things of present necessarie vse for liuing . 3. By taking forfeitures with rigor . 4. By abusing and making worse the things pawned .

4. Betwixt those that hire , and those that worke for wages , there are sins , 1. In the hirer . 2. In the hired .

1. In the hirer .

1. If he pay nothing at all . 2. Too little , that the hired cannot liue of it . 3. If he pay grumblingly and vnwillingly . 4. Vnseasonably , and with many delaies .

2. The hireds sinnes , 1. If he loyter and worke by the halfes . 2. If he bungle or doe his worke vnskilfully . 3. If he purloigne any of the stuffe , or matter whereon he is to worke .

5. Partners sinne , 1. If the one put the other to hard conditions . 2. If they misreckon at parting . 3. If afore the parting , either peruert any of the common goods to his particular vse , without priuitie and consent of the rest . 4. If either be slacke and negligent in their endeuours for the common profit .

Hitherto of colourable vniustice in dealings , lesse eminent against commutatiue iustice : Now of that vniustice , which is in more eminent dealings against distributiue iustice in things 1. Ciuill . 2. Ecclesiasticall .

1. Ciuill .

1. Of priuate men . 2. Of publike persons .

1. Of priuate men , in abusing of law and the courts of Iustice .

1. On the Plaintifes part . 2. On the defendant .

1. On the Plaintifes part , 1. If he commence wrongfull suits , to vexe another , out of hope to beare it out by money and friends . 2. If he vse bribing , and like tricks to beare out his cause whatsoeuer .

2. On the defendant , if he doe 1. Stand in a wrongfull cause , by friends , or trickes of law and delaies . 2. If hee vse bribing and shifting deuices .

2. Publike persons .

1. Generally . 2. Particularly .

1. Generally , by abusing of publique lands and moneys to their owne or friends priuate aduantage , against the true meaning of them that gaue such lands or moneys .

2. Particularly , in cases of administring iustice betwixt party and party .

1. By extortion , in exacting ouer-abundant fees . 2. By bribery , in taking gifts . 3. By peruerting iustice : either 1. In hindring a right sentence . 2. In furthering a wrong sentence .

2. Against distributiue iustice , in things ecclesiasticall .

1. By sacriledge . 2. Simony .

1. By sacriledge , turning to common vses goods sacred , either 1. By mans donation . 2. By Gods speciall institution .

2. Simonie , in taking money for presenting any to benefices , specially vnfit men , or in buying aduowsons .

Hitherto of the eighth commandement concerning goods : the ninth followeth .

Thou shalt not beare false witnesse against thy neighbour .

THe scope of which is to saue harmelesse that most precious Iewell of a good name .

A good name is a fruit of goodnesse , whereby a mans own heart & the hearts of others doe truly entertaine a good opinion of him , as of a good man .

The duties commanded in this commandement , are of two sorts .

1. Concerning our selues , and they are 1. Inward . 2. Outward . 1. In word . 2. In deed .

2. Concerning our neghbours .

The duty of euery man concerning his owne good name inwardly respects 1. His opinion of himselfe . 2. Other mens opinion of him .

1. His opinion of himselfe and of his owne actions is twofold .

1. Lowlinesse or sober-mindednesse , a being little in his owne eies , and esteeming meanly of himselfe , accounting others better then himselfe , wherein to erre is a commendable error , & this lowlinesse is the most gracefull ornament of vertues and commendable sufficiencies .

2. A true censuring and sentencing of our owne actions , whether they be

1. Good , in accounting them so , and taking comfort in them , as Paul did in his vpright walking in the ministery of the Gospell , and could professe as much when time serued .

2. Or bad , in esteeming them bad , and iudging our selues , and humbling our selues for them as Dauid said , I haue done exceeding foolishly , after numbring of the people : so , I was a very beast , when he had fretted against the prosperity of the wicked .

2. A mans good name inwardly respects other mens opinion of him , which is double .

1. A desire to approue ones selfe to euery mans conscience before God , and to behaue ones selfe , that all men may haue iust cause to haue him in good reputation .

2. A right bearing other mens censures , whether they be 1. Good . 2. Bad.

1. Good , whether 1. True , by returning the praise to God , not taking it to our selues , as Daniel and Ioseph did : we may take comfort , but the honour must be Gods . 2. False , to reiect them with griefe , as Paul did their fond conceits that thought he had beene Iupiter .

2. Bad , and that 1. True . 2. False .

1. True , to be humbled thereby , yet without deiectednesse , knowing that there is a meanes left to recouer all againe .

2. False , either 1. For well doing , to reioyce in it , or 2. For nothing , either 1. To despise it , as Christ did the shame . 2. To make vse of it for our humbling in other particulars , as Dauid of Shimeies railing .

So much of the inward duties whereby wee should preserue our owne good name . The outward follow , and first in words .

1. By restraint of speech . 2. By vse of speech .

1. By restraint of speech , called silence , or taciturnity , to be practised 1. Vpon occasion of two things . 2. In matters chiefly of two kindes .

1. Vpon occasion of two things .

1. The presence . 2. The passions .

1. The presence , either 1. Of our betters and superiours in high degree . 2. Of our captious enemies . 3. Of wicked men and scorners .

2. The passions that stirre 1. In our owne hearts . 2. In them to whom wee should otherwise speake .

2. Restraint of speech , in matters chiefly of two kindes .

1. That exceed our place or capacitie . 2. That would be hurtfull to our neighbours or our selues .

Hitherto of restraint of speech : now followes

2. Vse of speech , both 1. In generall . 2. Speciall .

1. In generall whatsoeuer we speake of , 1. For matter of words or the thing spoken of , that it be such as we haue to doe withall , and appertaineth to our calling . 2. For manner , that our words be 1. Deliberate . 2. Discreet . 3. True . 4. Modest .

1 Deliberate , setting the watch of wisdome before to examine to what purpose we speake before we speake .

2. Discreet , fitted and proportioned 1. To the persons Speaking . Spoken to . 2. To time and place . 3. To the nature of the thing spoken of .

3. True .

1. In narrations . 2. In promises .

1. In narrations agreeing 1. To the things themselues . 2. To our conceits of them .

2. In promises , seconded with a firme purpose and care of keeping them .

4. Modest and sober , speaking with a kinde of doubting , and reseruing of the respect of them that thinke otherwise .

2. The vse of speech in speciall when we are to speake of our selues .

1. Of our owne good deeds . 2. Of our bad deeds .

1. Of our good deeds , where must bee shewed , 1. Vpon what occasions wee may speake . 2. In what manner .

1. Vpon what occasions we may speake of our owne commendable actions , viz. foure waies .

1. By way of apologie against slanders . 2. By proposing our selues ( in case age and authority will beare it ) to the imitation of others . 3. In condemning and reprouing such as shew grosse vnthankfulnesse to vs . 4. By way of ouer-entreating that wee may better preuaile in honest requests .

2. In what manner we are to speake of our owne good deeds , it must be done vpon these occasions .

1. With speeches of mitigation tending to giue away all the glory from our selues vnto God .

2. With profession of our vnwillingnesse to doe it , when the occasion is so vrgent ( as in Iobs case ) that may well saue vs that labour .

2. Of our owne bad deeds , whether 1. Slanderously . 2. Truly .

1. Slanderously or falsely imputed vnto vs , by defending our innocency , 1. Substantially with sound proofes . 2. Mildly and meekely with a calme spirit .

2. Truly laid to our charge and committed by vs , whether they be such as are 1. Open. 2. Secret .

1. Open and already knowne , and ready to come to light , which we must confesse .

1. Plainely . 2. Humbly .

2. Secret and kept close alone to our selues , which we must confesse but 1. On very iust occasion . 2. With due choice . 3. With due caution .

1. On very iust occasion , viz. when our selues 1. Are so doubtfull of pardon , that we cannot by our owne endeuours settle our faith . 2. When wee are so weake , that we cannot by our owne labour ouercome the sinne .

2. With due choyce of a fit person to whom we may confesse , viz. one that is 1. A friend and well-willer . 2. Fearing God in good measure . 3. Of good vnderstanding to aduise . 4. Trusty and able to keepe secret , which we may if not know by experience , yet neerely ghesse of , by his not being 1. Inquisitiue . 2. Talkatiue .

3. With due and fit caution , binding the person to silence and secrecy by a solemne vow or oath : fast binde , fast finde , saith the prouerbe ; and nothing is more needfull to be fast bound then a secret .

So much of the ordering of our words : Now of our deeds and actions both 1. Generally . 2. Particularly .

1. Generally , that they be such as are 1. In themselues good , lawfull , honest , and of good report amongst men . 2. In their circumstances conuenient and expedient .

2. Particularly .

1. In regard of the choice of our company . 2. In regard of our owne cariage .

1. In regard of the choyce of our company .

1. That we associate our selues with good men . 2. That wee shunne familiarity with bad men .

2. In regard of our owne cariage .

1. That wee louingly accept admonitions .

2. That we earnestly reiect flatteries , and flatterers .

3. That we keepe our promises faithfully ( vnlesse the things promised be sins ) or if we be not able , goe to the person to whom wee made them , and shewing our case craue pardon , if the matter will admit of so doing .

4. Carry our selues lowlily , & equall our selues with them of the lower sort , and that ,

1. In countenance , gate , deportment of bodie .

2. In ornaments of all sorts , in attire , houshold stuffe , attendance , building , &c. So much of the duties concerning our owne good name : those follow that concerne the good name of our brethren , and they are of two sorts .

1. Inward . 2. Outward .

1. Inward .

1. Respecting our opinion . 2. Our censure .

1. Respecting our opinion of him in two things .

1. That we thinke well of him till he deserue the contrary . 2. That we renew our good opinion of him , vpon his repentance and amendment .

2. Our censure of his actions , whether they be 1. Certaine , or 2. Doubtfull .

1. Certaine .

1. Good . 2. Bad.

1. Good .

1. To acknowledge them . 2. To be glad of them .

2. Our bad censure of his actions .

1. To see them . 2. To be sorry for them .

2. Doubtfull .

1. Whether they were done or no , to hope the best , and not condemne one vpon light coniectures .

2. Whether they were well meant or no , to construe things in the best sense that may be .

2. The outward duties concerning our brethren , 1. In our ordinary conuersation both for 1. Words , spoken , heard . 2. Deeds . 2. In matters of iudgement .

1. Our words in ordinary conuersation must be ordered well , and that 1. By restraining speech . 2. By vsing speech .

1. By restraining speech , 1. Of their bad deeds . 2. Of their good deeds .

1. Of their bad deeds behinde their backes but 1. Vpon iust cause . 2. In good manner .

1. Vpon iust cause .

1. If they bee publique and openly knowne to glorifie the iustice of God , and edifie others .

2. If they be priuate and knowne to none , or few but our selues , then 1. To warne those that might else be infected . 2. To aduertise those that haue authority to redresse it .

2. In restraining speeches of their bad deeds , in a good manner , that is , 1. Sparingly , rather with the least then most . 2. Pitifully , with compassion and louing affection .

2. By restraining speech of their good deeds before their face , but 1. Vpon good occasion . 2. With manifest referring of the praise to God .

1. Vpon good occasion .

1. Of encouragement , and that 1. Against temptations . 2. Against oppositions . 2. Of thankfull acknowledgement of good receiued .

2. With manifest referring of the praise to God , that they may not be puffed vp .

2. Our words in ordinary conuersation must be ordered well by vsing speech , 1 In their presence . 2. In their absence .

1. In their presence , of their deeds , 1. Good , encouragement to proceed . 2. Bad , reprehension & admonition .

2. In their absence .

1. Praise , to stirre vp others to imitate them . 2. Iust defence against slanders and calumniations .

Hitherto of the right ordering of our selues in regard of our owne speeches . Now for that that concernes the words which we heare others speake of our neighbours : which is twofold .

1. In generall , wee must examine that that is spoken vnto vs , and call for due proofe .

2. In speciall .

1. For the euill reported , we must 1. Be vnwilling to heare it and reiect such tales . 2. Vnwilling to giue any credit to it , without very sufficient proofe , and then sorrowfull for it .

2. For the good reported , we must 1. Be glad and willing to heare it . 2. Willing and desirous to beleeue it , if there be any probable proofe that it is true .

So much for the ordering of our words .

Now for our deeds .

1. We must vse all ciuill and respectiue cariage to our neighbour tending to grace him .

2. We must by all meanes striue to draw him to good and vertuous behauiour , that may deserue commendation .

And this for our ordinary conuersation . Now for matters of iudgement , in it there are vsually amongst vs foure sorts of men exercised .

1. The witnesse . 2. The aduocate . 3. The jurors . 4. The Iudge .

1. The witnesse , whose duty is to declare 1. The whole truth , without adding , diminishing , or altering for fauour or ill will . 2. Nothing but the truth , no intermixture of falshood is allowable .

2. The aduocate , pleader , or counseller , who must with an vnpartiall eye seeke to finde out , and cleare the truth , though it be to the detriment of his client .

3. The jurors , who must 1. Indifferently consider of the euidence , and throughly search it . 2. Bring a right verdict according thereto , without fauour anger .

4. The Iudge , who must 1. Giue free scope to the proceedings of iustice . 2. Passe a right and vnpartiall sentence according to the proofes that shall be substantially produced .

Hitherto the things commanded in this commandement . Now of the sinnes against it , which are 1. Of omission . 2. Of commission , in regard of the name 1. Of onesselfe . 2. Of ones neighbour .

1. Of ones selfe .

1. Inward . 2. Outward , for Words . Deeds .

2. Of ones neighbour .

1. Inward . 2. Outward , for

1. Ordinary conuersation , 1. In words . 2. In deeds .

2. For matters of iudgement .

This Commandement is broken in regard of our owne good name inwardly so farre as concerned .

1. A mans opinion of himselfe . 2. The opinion of other men concerning vs .

1. A mans opinion of himselfe , and that 1. In excesse . 2. In defect .

1. In excesse by two sinnes .

1. Selfe-conceitednesse , which hath three degrees .

1. To imagine ones selfe to haue the vertues he hath not . 2. To thinke that hee hath more then it is . 3. To bee good in his owne eies , because of that hee hath .

The second sinne in excesse is selfe-flattery , which hath also foure degrees .

1. A counting ones selfe free from the vices , which he is not free from . 2. Calling his owne vices by the names of vertues , as prodigality , good neighbourhood , &c. 3. Esteeming his grosse sinnes to be infirmities , and small faults . 4. Imagining to scape reproach for all his great faults , confessed so to bee , because hee saith in his heart , no man shall know it .

2. A mans opinion or himselfe in defect , by two sinnes , 1. Deiectednesse . 2. Rigorous condemning .

1. Deiectednesse is a false accusing of ones selfe as an hypocrite ( when he is not ) because of afflictions and imperfections .

2. Ouer-rigorous censuring ones owne actions , is a condemning of them excessiuely as foule , wicked , & naught in extremity , when indeed they be alone weaknesses and imperfections . These two sinnes are not so vsuall , but the children of God in temptation doe fall into them .

These things are faults in regard of our owne opinion of our selues : those follow which respect

2. The opinions of other men concerning vs , which are , 1. Good . 2. Bad.

1. Good , and that 1. In excesse . 2. In defect .

1. In excesse , where are foure faults .

1. Hypocrisie , a desire to make a shew of goodnesse to men-ward , without any care of being so indeed . 2. Vaine glory , which is an inordinate desire of praise from men , and is of two kindes . 1. When we doe our good deeds only or principally to be seene of men , which alwaies goes hand in hand with hypocrisie . 2. When we desire to be magnified , for wit , learning , wealth , parentage , and such toyes , that may befall a bad man as well as a good , chiefly when in truth we haue them not . 3. The third fault is accepting and reioycing in false praises , as Herod was content to be magnified as a God . 4. Swelling and being puffed vp with true praises .

2. Faults which respect defect , disregarding a good name , and not caring whether men thinke well or ill of vs .

2. The bad opinion of other men , concerning vs , and that also 1. In excesse . 2. In defect .

1. In excesse in two things .

1. False shame . 2. Vexation at false reports .

1. False shame , in being ashamed of that that is not shamefull , as 1. Of scoffes & taunts for well doing . 2. Of pouerty , a poore coat or house , or a poore kinsman , &c.

2. Vexation at false reports , and being troubled and led ouer-much by what men will say of vs .

2. The bad opinion of other men concerning vs in defect : as , impudency , when a man is not ashamed of his ill workes , though all the world talke of them to his reproach .

Hitherto of inward disorders about our owne good name . The outward follow , & first in regard of our words , and that 1. Generally . 2. Specially .

1. Generally , which is 1. In quantity of words . 2. In quality of words .

1. In quantity of words .

1. In excesse , talkatiuenesse and blabbing , when a man is full of words and ready to tell any thing that is in his minde .

2. In defect , sullennesse , restrainednesse of speech , when one will not speake though hee ought , out of his discontentment .

2. In quality of words , and that

1. By rash speaking , speaking at all aduentures , not caring to what end and vse .

2. By vndiscreet speeches , disbecomming the speaker , hearer , time , or place , or matter , specially medling with what concernes one not .

3. By false speeches , and that 1. In narrations . 2. In promises .

1. In narrations 1. By affirming , Otherwise then the thing is . 2. By denying , Otherwise then the thing is .

2. In promises , when one doth giue them for a shift , without a serious purpose of performance .

4. By peremptory speeches , in eager affirming or denying in things that haue vncertainty in them .

2. Disorders in regard of our words , specially when wee speake of our owne deeds .

1. In excesse . 2. In defect .

1. In excesse , when wee hunt too much after praise .

1. In regard of our good deeds . 2. In regard of our bad deeds .

1. In regard of our good deeds .

1. By boasting of them , in much large and causlesse mentioning them . 2. By fained extenuating them .

2. In regard of our bad deeds , and those 1. Falsly imputed vnto vs . 2. Laid to our charge .

1. Falsely imputed vnto vs .

1. By passionatenesse at them . 2. By insufficient disprouing them .

2. Bad deeds truly laid to our charge , 1. By false denying them . 2. By friuolous excusing them . 3. By chafing at the admonisher .

2. In defect .

1. By blabbing our owne faults causelesly , or to vnfit persons . 2. By belying our selues for any aduantage or feare .

So much of sinnes against our owne good name in words : those in deeds follow .

1. In excesse . 2. In defect .

1. In excesse by foure faults , 1. By ostentation of wealth , wit , learning , &c. 2. By an hypocriticall good life , sinning in secret , though in publique one seeme to be free . 3. By insolent lifting vp of ones selfe aboue his brethren , in gate , countenance , taking place before them , or the like . 4. By giuing entertainment to flatterers .

2. Deeds in defect by foure things .

1. By liuing in open grosse sinnes , drunkennesse , whordome , and the like . 2. By breaking lawfull promises . 3. By dissembling ones estate , and making a shew of pouertie , when one is rich . 4. By keeping ill companie , and other appearances of euill .

So much of sinnes against a mans owne good name : now of those that tend to hurt the good name of another , and first of the inward , in regard of 1. Our opinion of our neighbour . 2. Our behauiour for his actions .

1. Our opinion of our neighbour , both in 1. Defect . 2. Excesse .

1. In defect , by 1. Censuring or rash iudging , when vpon insufficient grounds wee condemne him , as if he were an hypocrite , &c. 2. Continuing to haue an hard opinion of a man notwithstanding his repentance .

2. In excesse , by 1. An ouer credulous beleeuing of euery small appearance of goodnesse . 2. Hauing mens persons in too much admiration .

2. Our behauiour for his actions , which are 1. Certaine . 2. Doubtfull .

1. Certaine , and those 1. Good . 2. Bad.

1. Good and commendable .

1. By captiousnesse , in desiring to picke quarrels with them . 2. By enuie , in greeuing at them and his praise .

2. Bad and discommendable , which are likewise two .

1. Partialitie , hindering a man from seeing a plaine fault in a childe , friend , &c. 2. Insultation or reioycing , in the faults and reproach of a stranger .

2. Doubtfull , whether they were 1. Done or no , euill surmises , iealousies and vngrounded suspitions . 2. Well meant or no , misconstruing , & taking them in the worse part . These are inward sins against our neighbours good name . The outward are 1. In regard of words . 2. In regard of deeds .

1. In regard of words .

1. Our owne . 2. Other mens .

1. Our owne .

1. Generally inquisitiuenesse and medling with his businesse more then we haue calling .

2. Particularly , in speaking of him , 1. Things tending to his commendation . 2. Things tending to his discommendation .

1. Things rending to his commendation .

1. In excesse , as flattery , when we praise him more then truth will beare . 2. In defect , and that 1. In deprauing , viz. making his good deeds seeme ill . 2. Detracting , making his good deeds seeme lesse commendable .

2. Things tending to his discommendation , and that 1. In excesse , by vniust extenuating his faults , or defending them and him . 2. In defect , whether 1. Telling his true faults . 2. Slandering him .

1. By telling his true faults , 1. Vnseasonably . 2. Passionately .

1. Vnseasonably and causelesly .

1. By way of iesting at him for them . 2. Railing and vpbraiding . 3. Whispering or priuie blabbing and tale-bearing . 4. Open back-biting .

2. Passionately , with extreme aggrauations and words tending to the extreme abasing of him , as , hang him beast .

2. By slandering him , 1. Openly . 2. Darkly . 1. Open slander . 2. Close slander .

1. Open slander is 1. By telling . 2. By mistelling .

1. By telling .

1. Knowne vntruths of him . 2. Things vncertaine and of heare-say alone , as if they were certaine .

2. By mistelling , by 1. Additions . 2. Diminishing . 3. Peruerting his meaning .

2. Close slander is by darke and insinuating speeches , and stopping in the midst of them , sounding ill of him .

These be the faults in regard of our owne speeches of our neighbours : there be other in regard of

2. Other mens speeches to vs of him , whether they tell 1. Tales tending to his disgrace , if 1. we heare them gladly 2. Beleeue them lightly 2. Things making for his commendation if we be 1. Vnwilling and sad at hearing of them . 2. Hard of beleefe to entertaine them .

So much for words : now for

2. Deeds : where three things are faultie .

1. Drawing him to disgracefull actions , and chiefly of set purpose . 2. Reproachfull carriages , mowing , hanging out the lip . 3. Accepting of persons , vsing a rich man respectiuely , though hee be naught , a poore man contemptibly though he be good .

So are the faults in ordinary conuersation . Those follow that are in matter iudiciall , and they are foure .

1. Witnesses . 2. The aduocate . 3. The jurors . 4. The Iudge .

1. Witnesses , if they either 1. Conceale any necessarie part of the truth , for feare or fauour , &c. 2. If they speake things

1. Vncertaine and doubtfull wherof they haue not sufficient warrant and knowledge .

2. If they speake things false and vntrue .

1. Whether openly and in plaine termes . 2. Or obscurely by doubtfull words , equiuocations and reseruations .

2. The aduocate or pleader , &c. if he pleade 1. Falsly . 2. Cunningly . 3. Fainedly .

1. Falsly , either by denying or affirming otherwise then the thing is .

2. Cunningly , in misurging or peruerting things , 1. To iustifie the malefactor . 2. To condemne the innocent .

3. Fainedly or faintly , for good causes .

3. The Iurors , if they 1. Take their euidence carelesly . 2. If they bring in a false verdict for hatred , spleene or fauour .

4. The Iudge .

1. If he hinder the proceedings of law . 2. If he vrge things in extremitie . 3. If he passe a wrong sentence .

Hitherto the ninth commandement : the tenth followes .

Thou shalt not couet thy neighbours house , &c.

ANd it respects all those things ioyntly , which the former aimed at seuerally , in regard of the very first vndeliberate , vnaduised , and vnallowed ( at least not consented to ) motions of the heart . Here 1. The things commanded . 2. Things forbidden .

1. The things commanded are foure .

1. A iust , righteous , and charitable inclination toward our neighbour , whereby we stand prone and apt to doe our dutie to him . 2. The stirring vp of all good motions that may induce vs to doe him any good , vpon any iust occasion . 3. A cherishing of all good motions to his good , that are by God or man put into our mindes . 4. Perfect contentation with our owne things .

2. The things forbidden in this commandement are 1. Of omission of any the fore-mentioned things , or the strength or power of them . 2. In commission .

1. By a bad inclination of heart against others , of which the Scripture saith , The frame of the heart is euill .

2. By bad motions , tending to hurt him in his place , person , safetie , chastitie , goods , good name , whether those motions arise

1. From our owne corrupt hearts , either 1. Sleeping , in dreames . 2. Or waking , in fancies of our mindes .

2. Or be suggested from Satan , if we entertaine them with any the least delight or pleasure . If we doubt how naturall imaginations may be distinguished from the aduentitious , we must know that the conceits of our hearts are either 1. Mixt. 2. Simple .

1. Mixt , where the deuill and the flesh concurre in stirring them vp , and in those we are euer faultie , because we ioyne , or rather Satan ioynes with vs .

2. Simple , wholly and only

1. From our selues , and here we alone are in blame .

2. From the deuill , which if they stay and procure any delight , we are accessarie to them ; if they be presently with detestation reiected , we are guiltlesse . And these simply deuillish imaginations shew themselues manifestly

1. By their suddennesse and independancie vpon other thoughts or obiects present , comming in as it were by the head and shoulders .

2. They shew themselues by their violence , and stirring , in that they doe as it were ouer-whelme with their force , multitude , continuance , and are more vehement and distempered then the naturall .

For the further vnderstanding of the law , it must be knowne that euery commandement and branch of a commandement is broken in regard 1. Of our owne actions . 2. In regard of our interest into the deeds of other men .

1. In regard of our owne actions , and that 1. Directly . 2. Indirectly .

1. Directly , in regard 1. Of the matter . 2. The causes . 3. The measure .

1. In regard of the matter of the act , 1. By commission of a thing forbidden . 2. By omission of a thing commanded .

2. In regard of the causes , 1. Mouing , if it be a selfe-respect , and not desire of pleasing God . 2. Finall , if we arme at our selues alone , not at Gods glory . 3. In regard of the measure of doing , if we faile of the strength and perfection required .

2. Indirectly , by things of themselues not condemned , but such as to vs proue 1. Occasions of euill . 2. Appearances of euill .

2. Euery commandement is broken , in regard of our interest to the deeds of other men , which are either 1. Good . 2. Bad.

1. Good , and that 1. Inwardly . 2. Outwardly .

1. Inwardly .

1. If we doe not allow them , nor reioyce in them . 2. If we doe either dislike them , or be greeued and angrie at them .

2. Outwardly , if we 1. Neglect what might 1. Draw them thereto . 2. Confirme them therein . 2. If we practise any thing that might 1. Hinder them therefrom . 2. Discourage them therein .

2. Our interest into the deeds of bad men , and that likewise 1. Inwardly . 2. Outwardly .

1. Inwardly , either 1. If we doe not 1. Condemne them in our iudgement . 2. Be greeued and angrie at them in our affections . 2. If we doe 1. Allow them in iudgement . 2. Reioyce in them in affection .

2. Outwardly .

1. By neglecting any thing . 2. By practising any thing .

1 By neglecting any thing that may 1. Keepe them from committing the same . 2. That may draw them to repentance and amendment .

2. If we practise any thing 1. That may draw and induce them thereto . 2. That may harden and confirme them therein .

Men are to be drawne to well doing .

1. By words . 2. By deeds .

1. By words of exhorting , and ( in a superiour ) commanding .

2. By deeds .

1. By giuing good example . 2. In rewarding . 3. In ioyning with them . 4. In procuring for them 1. Leaue . 2. Fit instruments . 3. Conuenient opportunities .

And by the contrary they must be kept from euill .

Men are to be confirmed in well doing , 1. By words tending to iustifie , and commend them . 2. By deeds , tending to countenance and reward them . And by the contrarie they must be drawne out of euill .

Men are hindered from well doing , 1. In word , by disswading , forbidding , threatning . 2. In deeds , in withdrawing leaue , instruments , opportunities , and by the contrary they are furthered to euill .

Men are discouraged in well doing , 1. By words tending to deride , calumniate and disgrace them . 2. By deeds , in punishing them , or causing others to doe it , and by the contrarie they are in euill deeds confirmed .

FINIS .