The
Proeme
concerning
the
profite
and
easinesse
of
the
Art
of
Stenographie
.
BEfore
the
preceptes
of
this
Art
be
deliuered
,
it
shall
not
be
amisse
for
the
better
encouragement
of
the
Reader
thervnto
,
to
note
briefly
,
how
profitable
it
is
for
vse
,
and
how
easie
to
be
atteyned
.
Concerning
the
profit
,
there
are
fiue
seuerall
respectes
wherein
it
ministreth
especiall
helpe
and
furtherance
.
First
,
in
short
or
compendious
writing
:
by
conteyning
that
in
one
line
,
which
being
written
with
letters
at
large
,
would
take
vp
foure
lines
or
more
:
in
which
respect
it
hath
a
profitable
vse
,
for
the
writing
of
briefe
Notes
of
remembrance
,
Interlineations
,
marginall
Notes
,
and
such
like
.
Secondly
,
in
speedie
writing
:
For
he
that
is
well
practized
in
this
Art
,
may
write
Verbatim
,
as
fast
as
a
man
can
treateably
speake
:
In
regard
whereof
,
it
is
very
necessarie
,
for
the
noting
of
Sermons
,
Orations
,
Mootes
,
Reportes
,
Disputations
,
and
the
like
.
Thirdly
,
in
secret
writing
:
For
euen
the
very
Characters
and
order
,
of
their
places
taught
by
this
Booke
,
doe
deliuer
such
a
forme
of
writing
,
as
is
secret
enough
to
all
that
are
not
acquainted
with
this
Art
:
But
if
any
be
desirous
to
set
a
further
locke
on
his
Notes
and
Writinges
,
he
may
out
of
those
few
and
easie
directions
taught
in
the
ende
of
this
Booke
for
that
purpose
,
be
fully
satisfied
in
the
same
.
Fourthly
,
this
Booke
discouereth
a
true
and
constant
forme
of
Art
,
applyable
not
to
one
Language
alone
,
but
generally
to
all
;
in
so
much
that
he
which
hath
learned
it
throughly
,
as
it
concernerh
the
English
onely
,
may
by
the
same
skill
,
write
also
in
Latine
,
French
,
Italian
,
or
any
other
Tongue
that
he
hath
knowledge
of
:
And
therefore
this
Booke
may
serue
for
a
good
ground
and
president
to
him
that
shall
attempt
to
set
foorth
the
Stenographie
of
any
other
Language
.
Fifthly
,
the
ingenious
Reader
may
hereby
strengthen
his
memorie
in
the
sure
apprehension
of
any
speech
or
sentence
,
which
he
would
lay
vp
in
that
Treasurie
.
And
touching
the
easinesse
of
this
Art
,
as
the
preceptes
are
all
apparantly
short
;
so
the
Characters
deuised
for
the
expressing
of
all
wordes
,
are
few
in
number
:
to
wit
,
but
28.
in
all
.
The
Rules
also
are
certaine
,
and
depending
in
consequence
of
reason
the
one
vppon
the
other
:
squared
and
fitted
to
the
three
lawes
of
Art
,
each
principle
being
deliuered
but
once
generally
,
and
in
his
proper
place
.
Also
,
by
Notes
vpon
euery
Chapter
are
explaned
such
wordes
and
Characters
vsed
in
the
Rules
or
Examples
,
as
might
seeme
to
meaner
capacities
hard
or
doubtfull
.
And
the
whole
frame
of
this
worke
is
so
contriued
,
that
the
memorie
shall
not
neede
to
be
charged
with
a
tedious
labouring
of
a
multitude
of
Wordes
and
Characters
by
hart
;
but
enured
onely
to
exercise
order
.
Lastly
,
these
thinges
are
herein
performed
in
so
plaine
and
direct
a
manner
,
as
will
enable
any
of
indifferent
iudgement
,
vpon
once
reading
ouer
these
few
Rules
with
good
aduise
,
to
vndertake
foorthwith
the
forme
of
Writing
by
them
prescribed
,
wherein
he
shall
quickly
attaine
great
readinesse
,
if
he
but
practise
it
in
his
ordinarie
businesse
,
as
occasion
serueth
,
and
thereby
keepe
it
without
all
danger
of
loosing
it
:
But
if
through
many
yeeres
discontinuance
,
the
methode
hereof
should
be
cleane
forgotten
,
yet
two
or
three
howers
labour
bestowed
in
perusing
once
more
this
short
Booke
,
will
sufficiently
awaken
his
remembrance
,
and
put
his
hand
againe
in
true
motion
to
write
according
to
the
preceptes
of
this
Art.
THE
ART
OF
STENOGRAPHIE
.
The
first
Booke
.
Chap.
1.
Of
great
Characters
.
STenographie
(a)
is
the
Art
of
compendious
Writing
.
It
consisteth
of
two
parts
:
the
abreuiation
of
a
word
,
and
the
abreuiation
of
a
sentence
.
(
b
)
A
worde
is
abreuiated
,
when
it
is
expressed
by
a
short
Character
,
(
c
)
agreable
vnto
it
.
A
Character
is
a
lineall
(
d
)
note
of
any
thing
,
(
e
)
as
,
the
Characters
a
b
c
d
e
f
,
are
lineall
(
f
)
notes
(
g
)
of
letters
,
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
of
number
,
♄
♃
♂
of
Planets
.
Vnto
Characters
belong
Figure
and
Quantitie
.
The
figure
of
a
Character
,
is
the
forme
whereby
it
is
distinguished
from
all
other
:
as
,
the
Figure
of
foure
is
4.
the
Figure
of
Saturne
is
♄
.
The
quantitie
of
a
Character
is
measured
by
two
straight
Lines
parallel
(
h
)
thwart
(
(i)
)
expressed
or
vnderstood
.
(a)
A
Character
is
of
quantitie
,
great
,
or
small
.
A
great
Character
is
Interlineall
,
or
Transcendent
.
(
l
)
An
Interlineall
occupieth
so
much
space
as
is
the
distance
betweene
the
lines
.
An
Interlineall
is
either
Contingent
or
Flat
(
m
)
A
Contingent
equalleth
the
distance
betweene
the
lines
in
height
.
Of
which
sort
are
these
among
the
Characters
of
Letters
,
(
n
)
a
c
e
i
m
n
o
r
s
u
w
z
.
A
flatte
,
equalleth
the
distaunce
betweene
the
lines
in
the
length
:
as
,
—
which
is
the
note
of
Vnion
.
(
o
)
A
Transcendent
,
is
a
great
Character
,
which
extendeth
it selfe
further
then
the
distance
betweene
the
lines
:
And
it
passeth
the
bound
of
one
line
onely
,
or
of
both
.
Of
one
line
onely
,
either
the
vpper
,
or
the
lower
line
.
The
vpper
line
:
as
,
b
d
k
l
t
.
The
lower
line
:
as
,
g
p
q
y
.
Of
both
:
as
Notes
vpon
the
first
Chapter
.
(a)
Stenógraphie
,
signifieth
a
straightned
or
compendious
Writing
,
by
which
name
I
call
this
Art
,
because
all
the
preceptes
thereof
are
directed
therevnto
:
although
it
hath
other
profitable
vses
,
as
is
before
declared
in
the
Proëme
of
this
Booke
.
(
b
)
The
Rules
belonging
to
these
two
partes
are
seuerally
deliuered
in
two
Bookes
.
Those
which
concerne
the
abreuiation
of
a
Word
in
the
former
,
those
which
concerne
the
abreuiation
of
a
Sentence
in
the
later
.
(
c
)
Character
signifieth
a
Marke
,
Note
,
Impression
,
Figure
;
written
,
engrauen
,
stampt
,
or
howsoeuer
else
made
.
(
d
)
All
Characters
are
lineall
,
because
they
consist
of
lines
continued
:
For
euen
the
smallest
tittle
made
with
the
Penne
,
hath
his
circumference
,
and
consisteth
of
lines
.
(
e
)
That
is
to
say
,
of
any
word
,
letter
,
number
,
name
,
clause
,
sentence
,
or
whatsoeuer
else
.
(
f
)
They
are
called
Lineall
notes
of
Letters
,
because
there
are
some
notes
of
Letters
,
which
are
not
Lineall
,
described
by
signes
,
not
by
draught
of
Pen
:
As
,
if
a
Towne
strongly
besieged
be
in
great
extremitie
for
want
of
necessaries
,
and
can
not
signifie
the
same
to
their
friendes
by
any
Messenger
,
all
passages
being
kept
by
the
Enemie
,
they
may
easily
expresse
their
wantes
to
their
friendes
two
myles
off
or
more
,
euen
in
the
darkest
nyght
(
so
that
they
also
be
acquainted
with
the
order
)
in
this
manner
.
He
which
is
to
giue
knowledge
concerning
the
estate
of
the
Towne
,
is
to
haue
the
matter
whereof
he
is
to
giue
intelligence
written
before
him
in
as
few
wordes
as
may
be
:
And
euery
letter
written
before
him
,
he
shall
expresse
in
order
by
the
lyfting
vp
of
one
,
two
,
or
three
Torches
lighted
,
in
this
wise
.
Let
the
Alphabet
be
deuided
into
three
partes
,
each
part
conteyning
7.
Letters
a
peece
:
of
which
the
first
7.
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
,
are
to
be
expressed
by
the
lyfting
vp
of
one
Torch
onely
,
once
for
A
,
twice
for
B
,
thrice
for
C
,
foure
times
for
D
,
fiue
times
for
E
,
sixe
times
for
F
,
seuen
times
for
G.
The
second
7.
which
are
,
h
i
k
l
m
n
o
,
are
to
be
expressed
by
the
lifting
vp
of
two
Torches
;
once
for
H
,
twice
for
I
,
thrice
for
K
,
foure
times
for
L
,
&c.
The
thirde
7.
to
wit
,
p
q
r
s
t
v
w
,
are
to
be
expressed
by
the
lifting
vp
of
three
Torches
;
once
for
P
,
twice
for
Q
,
thrice
for
R
,
&c.
And
by
this
meanes
may
any
thing
be
signified
in
the
night
season
,
by
lifting
vp
of
Torches
;
and
in
the
day
time
,
by
holding
vp
of
Hattes
,
or
such
like
;
or
neere
at
hand
,
by
the
Fingers
.
Concerning
this
Stratagem
writeth
WHITEHORNE
in
his
Fireworks
;
and
BAPTISTA
PORTA
de
furt
.
l●t
.
notis
.
Letters
also
may
be
signified
by
tolling
Belles
,
by
shooting
of
Gunnes
:
or
neere
at
hand
,
by
any
Instrument
of
musique
.
(
g
)
They
are
called
Notes
of
letters
rather
then
Letters
,
because
euery
Letter
is
perfect
in
it selfe
by
it
proper
sound
,
without
respect
of
Character
:
For
whereas
Letters
are
ordinarily
knowne
three
wayes
;
by
the
name
whereby
they
are
called
,
by
the
Character
whereby
they
are
written
,
and
by
the
sounde
whereby
they
are
pronounced
:
Of
these
three
,
the
sound
or
pronunciation
is
most
essentiall
to
the
letter
.
Therfore
said
PRISCIAN
,
Propter
pronunciationem
&
figurae
&
nomina
literarum
facta
sunt
:
And
hence
it
is
,
that
the
sound
of
a
letter
continueth
the
same
in
diuers
languages
,
though
it
varie
in
name
and
Character
;
as
the
fourth
Letter
of
the
Alphabet
is
in
the
Hebrew
called
Daleth
,
and
written
thus
:
In
the
Greeke
called
Delta
,
and
written
thus
:
In
the
Latin
called
Dee
,
&
written
thus
d
:
diuers
names
,
and
diuers
Characters
,
but
one
letter
;
because
pronounced
with
one
sound
.
(
h
)
Parallell
lines
are
those
,
which
are
euery
whereof
like
distance
one
from
another
,
as
these
are
.
two parallel lines
(
(i)
)
Thwart
,
that
is
,
lying
crosse
in
respect
of
vs
:
For
we
are
to
write
betweene
these
lines
,
from
the
left
hand
towardes
the
right
,
according
to
the
manner
of
writing
vsed
among
vs
,
and
not
directly
downewarde
from
the
toppe
to
the
bottome
of
the
leafe
(
as
the
inhabitantes
of
CHINA
are
reported
to
doe
.
Pet
.
Math
.
)
for
these
reasons
.
First
,
because
it
is
easier
for
the
Arme
,
which
is
lesse
in
motion
when
we
write
sideward
,
then
when
we
write
downeward
.
Secondly
,
because
it
lesse
offendeth
the
eye
,
which
with
a
glaunce
readeth
that
which
is
written
or
printed
crosse
the
leafe
;
but
is
wearied
by
often
moouing
vp
and
downe
,
to
write
or
read
from
the
top
to
the
bottome
of
the
leafe
.
Thirdly
,
for
that
writing
sidewarde
is
more
speedily
performed
,
by
reason
that
more
time
is
spent
(
though
it
be
not
marked
)
in
moouing
the
arme
to
write
downeward
,
then
sideward
.
Fourthly
,
by
this
meanes
the
Characters
will
be
more
seemely
,
and
proportionable
one
to
another
,
being
collaterally
fitted
and
limited
,
in
due
measure
by
the
lines
:
Lastly
,
this
order
of
writing
sideward
,
is
more
familiar
vnto
vs
,
then
the
other
.
(a)
That
is
,
whether
the
lines
be
Mathematicall
and
imaginatiue
onely
,
or
naturall
and
drawne
with
the
penne
.
(
l
)
Interlineall
,
signifieth
that
which
is
contayned
betweene
the
lines
.
Transcendent
,
is
that
which
passeth
the
boundes
limitted
.
(
m
)
Contingent
,
heere
signifieth
that
which
toucheth
:
and
this
name
is
giuen
to
Characters
equalling
the
distance
betweene
the
lines
in
height
;
because
they
touch
the
line
onely
at
head
and
foote
:
And
in
such
sence
also
is
the
worde
Contingent
vsed
in
Geometrie
.
(
n
)
By
this
diuision
of
the
Letters
(
which
are
heere
set
as
examples
to
these
Rules
of
great
Characters
)
it
is
manifest
,
that
the
chiefe
grace
of
writing
standeth
in
the
equall
and
euen
proportionating
of
the
interlineall
Letters
with
the
interlineall
part
of
each
Transcendent
letter
.
And
therefore
,
the
speciall
thing
which
good
Schoole-maisters
ayme
at
in
teaching
to
write
,
is
to
make
their
Schollers
know
,
which
Letters
are
to
be
written
wholly
betweene
the
lines
;
and
of
the
Transcendent
letters
,
which
is
the
interlineall
part
,
and
how
to
be
fitted
to
the
rest
.
(
o
)
—
Is
a
Note
placed
betweene
two
wordes
,
signifying
them
to
be
vnited
and
knit
into
one
:
For
which
cause
,
it
is
called
the
note
of
Vnion
:
as
,
faire-seeming
beautie
,
hard-harted
enuie
,
selfe-tormenting
care
.
Of
small
Characters
.
Chap.
2.
A
Small
Character
,
occupieth
lesse
space
then
the
distance
betweene
the
lines
,
and
is
placed
at
some
part
of
a
great
Character
.
A
small
Character
is
called
,
in
respect
of
the
place
where
it
standeth
,
a
Metaphthonge
or
an
Aphthonge
.
(a)
A
Metaphthonge
standeth
in
the
place
of
a
Vowell
.
The
places
of
Vowels
about
Characters
Contingent
and
Transcendent
,
are
disposed
thus
.
The
place
of
-
A
at
the
foote
and
left
side
of
a
great
Character
.
-
E
at
the
middle
and
left
side
of
a
great
Character
.
-
I
at
the
head
and
left
side
of
a
great
Character
.
-
O
at
the
head
&
right
side
of
a
great
Character
.
-
V
at
the
middle
&
right
side
of
a
great
Character
.
The
places
of
Vowels
about
flat
Characters
,
are
thus
disposed
.
The
place
of
-
A
beneath
at
the
middle
of
the
great
Character
.
-
E
beneath
at
the
left
side
of
the
great
Character
.
-
I
aboue
at
the
left
side
of
the
great
Character
.
-
O
aboue
at
the
middle
of
the
great
Character
.
-
V
aboue
at
the
right
side
of
the
great
Character
.
An
Aphthonge
is
a
small
Character
,
standing
in
a
place
where
no
Vowell
is
supposed
to
be
:
namely
beneath
at
the
right
side
of
great
Characters
.
Example
of
the
places
of
both
sortes
of
small
Characters
about
great
(
b
)
-
Contingent
a
e
i
o
u
vowels arranged about an upward arrow
Aphthonge
.
-
Transcendent
a
e
i
o
u
vowels arranged about a vertical line
Aphthonge
.
-
Flatte
a
e
i
o
u
vowels arranged about a horizontal line
Aphthonge
.
Againe
,
a
small
Character
is
either
an
Affix
or
a
Disiunct
.
An
Affix
is
a
small
Character
ioyned
to
a
great
:
as
,
●
consisting
of
●
and
●●
consisting
of
—
and
☉
.
A
Disiunct
is
a
small
Character
disioyned
from
a
great
:
as
,
Notes
vpon
the
second
Chapter
.
(a)
Metaphthonge
,
signifieth
either
with
a
Vowel
or
after
a
Vowell
:
in
both
which
significations
,
the
worde
doth
fitly
agree
to
small
Characters
standing
in
the
place
of
Vowels
,
because
they
do
then
consignifie
a
Vowell
going
before
them
.
Aphthonge
,
signifieth
Without
a
Vowell
:
by
which
name
small
Characters
are
styled
,
that
haue
no
Vowell
comming
before
them
in
that
place
wherin
they
stand
.
(
b
)
So
that
all
small
Characters
standing
in
the
place
of
the
Vowels
,
a
e
i
o
u
,
are
called
Metaphthonges
:
standing
in
the
sixt
place
,
they
are
called
Aphthonges
.
CHAP.
3.
Of
Particles
vnchangeable
.
1
|
2
|
3
|
●
|
A
|
a.
|
●
|
●
|
b
.
|
●
|
●
|
d
.
|
●
|
●
|
e
.
|
●
|
F
|
f
.
|
●
|
G
|
g
.
in
good
:
|
●
|
●
|
h
.
|
●
|
●
|
i
.
Vowell
|
●
|
●
|
l.
Consonant
.
g
|
●
|
●
|
k
,
c
,
q
.
|
●
|
●
|
l.
|
●
|
●
|
m
.
|
●
|
●
|
n
.
|
●
|
●
|
o
.
|
●
|
π
|
p.
|
●
|
●
|
q
.
|
●
|
●
|
r
.
|
●
|
●
|
s
,
c
,
t
.
|
●
|
●
|
T.
in
tyme
.
|
●
|
●
|
u
.
Vowell
.
|
●
|
●
|
v.
Consonant
.
|
●
|
●
|
w
.
|
●
|
●
|
x
.
|
●
|
●
|
y
.
|
●
|
●
|
z
.
|
●
|
●
|
ch
,
in
choice
.
|
AND
so
much
concernyng
the
generall
accidents
of
Characters
:
(a)
I
will
now
descende
into
a
more
particular
Narration
of
their
vse
in
abreuiation
of
wordes
.
The
Abreuiation
of
wordes
by
Characters
,
consisteth
in
two
things
:
The
Abreuiation
of
the
partes
of
a
word
,
&
the
abreuiation
of
a
whole
word
.
The
partes
of
a
word
,
are
letter
&
syllable
(
b
)
A
Letter
(
c
)
is
abreuiated
by
taking
a
part
thereof
for
the
whole
.
And
the
Letters
so
abreuiated
,
are
called
Particles
.
(
d
)
Of
Particles
,
some
are
vnchangeable
,
some
changeable
.
An
vnchangeable
Particle
is
,
whose
sound
is
alwayes
alike
.
And
those
are
they
,
conteyned
in
the
former
Table
:
which
consisteth
of
three
columnes
.
The
first
sheweth
which
are
the
vnchangable
Particles
.
The
second
,
the
Letters
(
e
)
whereof
they
are
part
.
The
third
,
sheweth
what
is
their
sound
:
where
it
is
to
be
noted
,
that
J
the
Consonant
and
g
,
being
sounded
as
they
are
in
these
wordes
(
Iudge
,
gentle
,
)
are
to
be
expressed
by
the
particle
●
K
,
C
,
and
Q
,
being
sounded
as
they
are
in
these
wordes
(
can
,
keepe
,
logique
,
)
are
to
be
expressed
by
●
(
f
)
s
,
c
,
t
,
being
sounded
as
they
are
in
these
Wordes
(
his
,
face
,
nation
)
are
to
be
written
by
●
Also
,
the
Particle
●
is
euer
sounded
as
g
,
in
these
wordes
(
good
,
graunt
,
)
●
as
t
,
in
these
wordes
(
tyme
trieth
trueth
,
)
●
as
ch
,
in
these
wordes
(
choice
,
chaunge
:
)
The
sounde
of
all
the
rest
is
manifest
by
the
Table
.
Of
these
Particles
written
at
large
,
(
g
)
●
is
a
Transcendent
aboue
the
vpper
line
—
⌒
͜
are
Flattes
:
All
the
rest
are
Contingentes
.
Notes
vpon
the
third
Chapter
.
(a)
Aswell
illiterall
as
literall
:
For
the
two
former
Chapters
concerne
the
common
affections
of
both
sortes
of
Characters
.
(
b
)
Ram
.
Gram
.
Lat
.
lib
.
pri
.
cap
.
tertio
.
(
c
)
A
Letter
is
heere
considered
,
not
as
it
is
pronounced
by
the
sounde
,
but
as
it
is
written
by
his
Character
.
(
d
)
Particle
,
signifieth
a
small
part
or
portion
of
any
thing
:
and
in
this
Booke
,
that
word
for
distiction
sake
,
is
appropriate
to
letters
abreuiated
.
(
e
)
Note
that
in
this
Table
,
ד
and
י
are
referred
as
partes
to
the
Hebrew
letters
Daleth
and
Jod
:
●●●
χ
to
the
Greeke
letters
Beta
,
My
,
pi
,
chi
:
and
all
the
res●●o
our
vsuall
letters
.
And
they
are
thus
referred
,
that
they
may
be
the
better
conteyned
in
memorie
.
(
f
)
C
In
the
English
tongue
,
is
noted
to
haue
the
sound
of
two
letters
K
,
and
S.
When
it
is
sounded
as
K
,
it
is
referred
to
K
:
When
it
is
sounded
as
S
,
it
is
to
be
referred
to
S
,
and
therefore
hath
heere
no
proper
Particle
.
(
g
)
That
is
,
extended
to
the
boundes
of
great
Characters
.
Of
changeable
Particles
.
Chap.
4.
A
Changeable
Particle
,
is
a
smal
Character
whose
sounde
varieth
.
And
of
them
there
are
two
:
to
wit
,
o
,
and
◆
(
a
)
o
.
Signifieth
sometime
H
,
sometime
th
.
(
b
)
It
signifieth
h
,
when
it
is
affixed
in
the
Aphthonge
place
of
●●
or
●
as
●●●
Otherwise
it
signifieth
th
:
as
,
●●
◆
Called
a
Tittle
,
is
vsed
either
single
,
or
dubble
.
When
it
is
single
,
it
noteth
a
Vowell
:
to
wit
,
that
Vowell
in
whose
place
it
standeth
.
So
it
signifieth
a
in
the
place
of
a
,
e
in
the
place
of
e
,
i
in
the
place
of
i
,
o
in
the
place
of
o
,
u
in
the
place
of
u
,
as
:
in
●
it
standeth
for
a
,
in
●
it
standeth
for
e
,
in
●
it
standeth
for
i
,
&c.
A
Tittle
dubbled
,
signifieth
the
plurall
number
,
when
they
are
placed
in
this
order
(
··
)
at
the
head
of
a
Character
,
as
:
hypocrites
.
●
Notes
vpon
the
fourth
Chapter
.
(a)
O
,
May
be
referred
to
●
,
as
a
part
thereof
.
A
tittle
may
indifferently
be
referred
to
any
Vowell
,
as
the
smallest
part
thereof
.
(
b
)
The
reason
of
the
Rule
is
this
.
Aspirable
letters
,
that
is
,
such
as
are
capable
of
H
,
to
be
ioyned
with
them
immediately
in
the
same
Syllable
,
are
either
Vowels
or
Consonantes
.
The
Vowels
are
all
aspirable
,
and
haue
their
Aspiration
alwayes
going
before
them
,
as
:
hand
,
heere
,
hill
,
hope
,
humble
:
sauing
in
these
Interiections
Ah
,
Oh
:
In
which
two
,
the
Aspiration
following
is
neglected
by
a
Rule
Chap
6.
Of
the
Consonantes
7.
onely
are
aspirable
which
are
these
,
C
,
G
,
P
,
R
,
S
,
T
,
w
:
and
these
haue
their
Aspiration
following
them
,
as
.
Chaffe
,
Ghoste
,
Phisicke
,
Rhewme
.
Short
,
Thinke
,
When
.
Of
these
C
aspirated
,
hath
his
proper
Character
X.
Gh
,
and
Rh
,
neglect
their
aspirations
by
a
Rule
Chapt
6.
Ph
,
is
contracted
into
F
:
So
that
onely
S
,
T
,
and
,
w
,
neede
to
haue
H
thus
expressed
.
Of
Vowels
neglected
.
Chap.
5.
ANd
thus
much
concerning
the
abreuiation
of
Letters
:
the
abreuiation
of
a
Syllable
followeth
.
(a)
A
Syllable
is
abreuiated
in
reguarde
either
of
the
sounde
whereby
it
is
pronounced
,
or
of
the
Character
wherewith
it
is
written
.
In
reguarde
of
the
sounde
,
either
by
omission
or
contraction
of
some
part
thereof
.
A
Syllable
abreuiated
by
omission
of
some
part
thereof
,
hath
that
part
omitted
,
either
neglected
,
or
vnderstood
.
The
part
of
a
Syllable
neglected
,
is
Vowell
or
Consonant
.
A
Vowell
is
neglected
:
First
,
when
it
serueth
onely
to
lengthen
the
sounde
of
a
Vowell
next
before
going
:
Immediarely
,
as
:
espie
.
Or
,
mediately
,
(
b
)
as
:
Oates
,
more
.
Secondly
,
when
more
Vowels
are
sounded
togither
in
one
Syllable
,
as
in
a
Diphthonge
or
a
Triphthonge
.
A
Diphthonge
is
a
sound
of
two
Vowels
in
one
Syllable
:
and
of
them
there
are
twentie
,
that
is
to
say
,
-
ai
,
raine
.
-
ay
,
may
.
-
au
,
laude
-
aw
,
saw
.
-
ea
,
heate
-
ee
,
thee
.
-
ei
,
either
.
-
ey
,
obey
.
-
eo
,
ieopard
.
-
eu
,
leude
.
-
ew
,
few
.
-
ie
,
chiefe
.
-
oa
,
loade
.
-
oe
,
phoenix
.
-
oi
,
hoist
.
-
oy
,
annoy
.
-
oo
,
good
.
-
ou
,
bound
.
-
ow
,
sow
.
-
ui
,
suite
.
A
triphthonge
is
a
sound
of
three
Vowels
in
one
syllable
:
And
of
them
there
are
fiue
,
to
wit
,
-
aoi
,
Gaoill
.
-
eau
,
Beautie
.
-
eaw
,
Deaw
.
-
ieu
,
Lieu
.
-
iew
,
View
.
Euery
of
these
aforesaid
Polyphthonges
is
to
be
expressed
by
that
onely
Vowel
,
which
is
most
sounded
in
it
,
as
,
-
ai
,
ay
,
au
,
aw
,
aoi
.
are
to
be
expressed
by
A
-
ea
,
ee
,
eo
,
oe
.
are
to
be
expressed
by
E
-
ie
,
ei
,
ey
.
are
to
be
expressed
by
I
-
oa
,
oi
,
oy
,
ou
,
ow
.
are
to
be
expressed
by
O
-
eu
,
ew
,
eaw
,
eau
,
ieu
,
iew
,
ui
.
are
to
be
expressed
by
V
Except
their
other
Vowell
be
most
sounded
,
which
very
seldome
falleth
out
,
as
:
in
these
words
,
heart
,
youth
Notes
vpon
the
fifth
Chapter
.
(a)
A
Syllable
is
heere
handled
as
it
is
properly
so
called
,
namely
as
consisting
of
more
letters
then
one
:
for
the
Vowels
pronounced
alone
,
are
improperly
called
Syllabels
,
because
the
word
Syllable
signifieth
a
taking
togither
,
to
wit
,
of
more
letters
into
one
sound
.
(
b
)
That
is
,
a
Consonant
comming
betweene
.
(
c
)
Phthongos
in
Greeke
,
signifieth
a
Vowell
.
Diphthongos
,
two
Vowels
.
Triphthongos
,
three
Vowels
in
one
Syllable
.
Of
Consonantes
neglected
.
Chap.
6.
A
Consonant
is
neglected
:
first
,
when
it
commeth
before
an
other
Consonant
of
the
same
sounde
,
(a)
as
:
all
,
assure
,
ascend
,
acquit
,
follow
,
acknowledge
.
Secondly
,
when
it
is
added
to
another
Consonant
to
thicken
the
sound
thereof
.
Such
are
these
in
these
wordes
,
and
the
like
.
-
B
,
Chamblet
,
debt
,
lambe
.
-
C
,
Annoynted
.
-
D
,
Iudge
.
-
G
,
Raigne
,
gnibble
.
-
L
,
Realme
,
balme
.
-
P
,
Dampson
,
Psalme
,
exempt
,
accompt
.
-
Pn
,
p
Solempne
.
-
T
,
Wretch
.
-
V
,
The
liquid
,
(
b
)
build
,
question
.
Thirdly
,
when
the
sound
therof
is
drowned
,
as
in
these
,
and
such
like
.
-
C
,
Sclaunder
,
excell
,
victuall
.
-
D
,
Rundlet
,
kindled
,
adiourne
.
-
G
,
Strength
,
yonglinges
.
-
L
,
Salmon
.
-
N
,
Damne
.
-
P
,
Vpbrayd
,
Cupboard
.
-
T
,
Mortgage
.
-
Th
,
Rythme
.
Fourthly
,
Aspirations
are
neglected
,
(
c
)
Viz
.
First
,
light
Aspirations
,
which
are
H.
W.
Y.
and
that
either
when
they
affect
a
Vowell
in
the
middle
of
a
word
;
as
:
Vehement
,
Abhorre
,
Bulwarke
,
Beyonde
.
Or
,
when
the
letter
which
they
affect
,
hath
his
sounde
nothing
chaunged
by
the
Aspiration
:
as
;
Ghost
,
Christopher
,
Rhetorique
,
Arthur
,
Thomas
,
Wreake
,
Bewray
,
Youth
,
You
,
Humble
,
Husher
.
Secondly
,
a
thicke
Aspiration
,
either
gh
,
when
it
followeth
a
Vowel
in
the
same
Syllable
:
as
;
Though
,
Night
,
Burrough
.
Or
,
H
alone
in
these
Interiections
(
d
)
Ah
,
Oh.
Notes
vpon
the
6.
Chapter
.
(a)
So
in
the
word
(
Ascende
)
S
and
C
,
are
of
the
same
sounde
,
though
different
letters
:
As
on
the
other
side
,
in
the
word
(
Suggestion
)
gg
,
in
the
middle
,
are
the
same
letter
,
though
different
in
sounde
:
and
therefore
these
wordes
are
vsed
in
the
precept
Consonantes
of
the
same
sounde
,
not
Consonantes
of
the
same
letter
.
(
b
)
When
in
ui
,
the
sounde
of
u
,
is
more
heard
then
i
.
ui
is
a
Diphthong
,
as
in
these
wordes
;
suite
,
fruite
.
But
when
the
sound
of
i
is
chiefest
,
u
is
a
Liquid
,
as
in
the
wordes
;
Build
,
guile
.
(
c
)
There
are
in
the
English
tongue
4.
Aspirations
,
H
,
w
,
Y
,
Gh
:
which
yet
are
numbred
among
the
Consonantes
,
quia
consonant
,
hoc
est
,
cum
vocalibus
sonant
:
for
euen
w
and
Y
,
are
in
nature
Aspirations
,
though
abusiuely
written
in
Diphthongs
for
i
and
u
.
(
d
)
For
in
these
wordes
,
H
,
hath
the
strength
of
a
thicke
Aspiration
,
as
if
they
were
thus
written
,
Agh
,
Ogh.
Of
Vowels
vnderstood
.
Chap.
7.
THe
part
of
a
Syllable
omitted
,
yet
vnderstoode
,
is
a
Vowell
:
to
wit
,
First
,
E
before
X
in
the
beginning
of
a
word
,
(a)
as
:
xchange
,
xtreeme
,
for
exchange
,
extreeme
.
Secondly
,
all
middle
and
finall
Vowels
.
For
these
are
vnderstood
by
the
Metaphthonges
standing
in
their
place
,
(
b
)
as
:
in
●
the
Metaphthonge
●
affixed
to
C
in
the
place
of
I
,
sheweth
the
Vowell
I
to
go
before
it
:
In
●
the
disiunct
Metaphthonge
(
●
)
signifieth
the
Vowell
O
,
in
whose
place
it
standeth
.
Notes
vpon
the
seauenth
Chapter
.
(a)
E
before
X
,
omitted
in
the
beginning
of
a
word
,
may
well
be
vnderstood
,
both
because
no
English
word
beginneth
with
X
,
as
also
for
that
E
being
remooued
,
X
cannot
so
fully
be
pronounced
without
the
sounde
of
E
short
vnderheard
before
it
:
as
in
the
former
examples
,
xchange
,
xtreeme
,
being
pronounced
,
the
sound
of
E
short
,
is
heard
before
them
.
(
b
)
For
Metaphthonges
do
alwayes
consignifie
the
same
Vowell
to
goe
before
them
in
the
place
whereof
they
stand
.
Chapt
.
10.
and
11.
Of
Letters
Contracted
.
Chap.
8.
SO
much
concerning
the
abreuiation
of
a
Syllable
,
by
omitting
some
part
thereof
.
A
Syllable
is
abreuiated
by
contraction
,
when
the
sound
of
two
,
or
more
Letters
is
contracted
into
one
:
as
in
these
wordes
following
,
and
the
like
.
(a)
-
ao
in
Sabaoth
is
contracted
into
O.
-
ia
in
Triacle
is
contracted
into
E.
-
hi
in
Hierome
is
contracted
into
I
,
the
consonant
-
cc
in
Accesse
is
contracted
into
X.
-
ct
in
Fiction
is
contracted
into
X.
-
ckes
in
Trickes
is
contracted
into
X.
-
ph
in
phantasie
is
contracted
into
F.
-
que
in
Antique
is
contracted
into
C
,
or
Q.
Notes
vpon
the
8.
Chapter
.
(a)
In
this
Art
,
not
the
Orthographie
,
but
the
sound
of
the
word
is
respected
.
And
for
such
contraction
of
Letters
by
the
sound
,
we
haue
the
president
of
Antiquitie
to
warrant
it
.
First
in
the
time
of
the
Troian
warre
Palamedes
added
4.
Letters
to
the
Greeke
Alphabet
{αβγδ}
which
are
made
of
doubble
soundes
,
viz.
th
,
ph
,
ch
:
and
ξ
of
ps
,
gs
,
and
chs
.
And
after
him
,
Simonides
taking
the
like
libertie
,
added
other
4.
Characters
of
Letters
contracted
in
like
maner
,
viz.
z
for
fs
and
ds
:
●
for
ec
:
ψ
for
bs
,
ps
,
phs
:
and
●
for
oo
.
Suetonius
also
writeth
,
that
Augustus
Caesar
added
X
and
Z
,
to
the
number
of
Lattine
letters
:
Z
,
for
ss
,
which
is
worne
out
of
vse
:
and
X
for
Cs
,
which
is
still
in
vse
.
So
,
for
Alecsander
(
so
written
before
Augustus
time
)
we
write
Alexander
:
for
Ecsamen
,
Examen
.
Of
the
abreuiation
of
affixed
Particles
.
Chap.
9.
THus
much
for
the
abreuiation
of
a
Syllable
,
in
reguarde
of
the
sounde
thereof
:
Now
,
how
a
Syllable
is
abreuiated
,
in
respect
of
his
Character
.
A
Syllable
is
abreuiated
in
respect
of
the
Character
wherewith
it
is
written
,
when
the
small
Particle
may
be
conueniently
vnderstood
by
some
part
thereof
affixed
to
the
great
,
or
to
such
a
small
Particle
as
is
vnto
it
in
nature
of
a
great
.
Affixed
to
a
great
,
as
,
●
consisting
of
●
and
●
:
●
consisting
of
●
and
●
(
a
)
Affixed
to
such
a
small
Particle
,
as
is
vnto
it
in
nature
of
a
great
,
(
b
)
as
,
●
consisting
of
●
—
and
●
Notes
vpon
the
.9
.
Chapter
.
(a)
This
kind
of
abreuiation
,
we
finde
to
be
vsed
both
in
Greeke
and
Latin
,
and
other
languages
:
as
,
oe
,
ae
,
sl
.
Heere
for
a
plaine
direction
how
euery
small
Particle
is
to
be
affixed
to
a
great
in
his
due
place
,
as
any
man
diligently
obseruing
these
Rules
,
may
frame
vnto
himselfe
a
Table
,
which
in
a
short
view
may
readily
declare
the
same
:
So
there
is
a
very
perfect
Table
already
drawne
to
that
purpose
,
where
vnto
the
Printer
can
direct
him
,
that
is
desirous
thereof
,
for
his
ease
and
satisfaction
.
(
b
)
For
a
small
Particle
,
as
it
is
the
subiect
wherevnto
an
other
small
Particle
is
affixed
,
hath
the
respect
of
a
great
Character
,
being
compared
vnto
it
:
as
in
the
examples
propounded
.
●
is
a
great
Particle
,
in
respect
of
—
affixed
to
it
,
and
—
is
as
a
great
Particle
in
respect
of
●
affixed
to
it
,
Of
Wordes
of
one
Syllable
.
Chap.
10.
HAuing
declared
how
the
partes
of
a
word
are
abreuiated
,
it
remaineth
to
shew
the
abreuiation
of
a
whole
word
.
A
word
abreuiated
,
is
expressed
by
a
note
either
Homogeneall
,
or
Heterogeneall
.
(a)
A
note
Homogeneall
,
is
that
which
is
written
by
one
or
more
Characters
of
one
kinde
,
(
b
)
and
it
is
either
Literall
or
Illiterall
.
A
Literall
,
is
a
note
expressed
by
literall
Character
,
(
c
)
and
it
is
either
Integrall
or
Defectiue
.
An
Integrall
,
is
a
note
expressing
by
particles
all
the
needfull
(
d
)
letters
of
a
word
;
and
the
first
letter
by
a
great
Particle
.
How
Wordes
are
to
be
written
by
Integrals
,
let
vs
now
consider
.
A
Word
,
consisteth
either
of
one
Syllable
,
or
of
more
Syllables
then
one
.
A
Word
of
one
Syllable
,
beginneth
either
with
a
Vowell
,
or
with
a
Consonant
.
If
it
begin
with
a
Vowel
,
the
Consonant
or
Consonants
following
,
are
to
be
placed
in
their
order
(
e
)
by
Aphthonge
●●●
affix
.
as
:
are
,
arme
,
armes
.
If
it
be
a
Consonant
,
marke
whether
the
Syllable
doth
ende
in
a
Vowel
or
in
a
Consonant
.
If
it
ende
in
a
Vowel
,
the
Vowel
is
to
be
expressed
by
a
Tittle
standing
in
the
place
thereof
.
And
if
any
Consonant
or
Consonants
come
betweene
,
they
are
to
be
expressed
in
their
order
by
Aphthonge
Affix
.
as
:
doe
,
trew
,
through
.
If
it
ende
in
a
Consonant
,
the
Consonant
is
to
be
expressed
by
his
small
particle
affixed
in
the
place
of
the
Vowell
going
before
it
:
And
if
there
be
any
more
Consonantes
in
the
Syllable
,
they
are
to
be
placed
in
their
order
,
(
f
)
as
:
Bad
,
light
,
with
,
chaunge
,
brought
.
Notes
vpon
the
10.
Chapter
.
(a)
Homogeneall
signifieth
,
of
the
same
kinde
or
sort
:
Heterogeneall
,
of
an
other
kinde
or
sort
.
(
b
)
As
when
it
is
written
onely
by
Particle
,
or
by
an
ordinarie
Letter
,
or
by
an
Illiterall
.
(
c
)
Whether
it
be
an
ordinarie
Letter
,
or
a
Particle
:
For
the
Characters
of
both
these
sortes
are
literall
.
(
d
)
What
are
the
needfull
Letters
of
euery
word
,
sufficiently
appeareth
by
the
abreuiation
of
Syllables
before
touch●d
in
this
Booke
.
(
e
)
That
is
,
the
Particle
of
euery
Letter
must
be
affixed
in
the
Aphthonge
place
of
the
Particle
of
that
l●tter
which
goeth
next
before
it
.
as
in
the
w●rd
Armes
,
r
is
affixed
to
a
in
the
Aphthonge
place
thereof
:
m
is
affixed
to
r
in
Aphthonge
place
of
r
:
and
s
to
m
in
the
Aphthonge
place
●f
m
.
(
f
)
That
is
,
those
which
goe
before
the
Vowel
,
are
to
be
affixed
orderly
in
the
Aphthonge
place
,
and
those
which
come
after
the
Vowell
orderly
in
the
Metaphthonge
place
.
Of
wordes
of
more
Syllables
.
Chapt
.
11.
WHen
we
write
a
worde
of
more
Syllables
,
we
must
consider
the
improper
partes
thereof
.
(a)
An
improper
part
of
a
word
of
more
Syllables
,
is
either
Primarie
or
Secundarie
.
The
Primarie
part
,
conteyneth
the
letter
or
letters
comming
before
the
seconde
Vowell
▪
as
;
in
Io
,
the
primarie
part
is
I
:
in
Ida
,
Id
:
in
Abroad
,
Abr
:
in
Fauour
,
Fau
.
The
secundarie
part
contayneth
the
second
Vowell
with
the
Letter
or
Letters
following
,
if
there
be
any
:
as
;
in
Chw
,
the
secundarie
part
is
o
:
in
Occidente
,
the
secundarie
part
is
idente
:
in
Calumniation
,
umniation
.
Heere
note
,
that
two
Vowels
comming
togither
,
not
in
the
beginning
of
the
word
,
are
to
be
expressed
with
their
Consonant
or
Consonants
,
if
any
follow
,
as
if
they
were
but
one
Syllable
;
to
wir
,
the
Particle
of
the
later
affixed
with
his
Consonant
or
Consonants
,
if
there
be
any
,
in
the
place
of
the
former
Vowell
:
as
,
Rhea
,
Chloë
,
Lewes
.
●●●
The
primarie
part
of
a
Word
is
to
be
expressed
as
a
Word
of
one
syllable
.
(
b
)
The
Secundarie
part
,
consisteth
either
onely
of
a
Vowell
,
or
of
more
Letters
.
If
it
consist
of
a
Vowell
only
,
that
Vowell
is
to
be
expressed
by
a
Tittle
standing
in
the
place
thereof
:
as
;
Arrowe
,
Armie
,
Duetie
.
●●●
If
it
consist
of
more
letters
,
it
may
be
written
more
wayes
then
one
:
(
c
)
to
wit
,
by
some
,
or
all
of
these
foure
wayes
following
.
First
,
by
Metaphthonge
,
referred
onely
to
the
great
Particle
(
d
)
affixed
onely
,
as
in
these
,
Abridge
,
Accorde
,
Asia
,
Eoas
.
●●●●
Affixed
and
disioyned
:
as
,
Obl●quie
,
Aeolia
,
Barren
.
●●●
Secondly
,
by
Metaphthonge
affixed
to
a
small
Particle
:
which
small
Particle
respecteth
the
great
,
either
as
an
affix
●●●
as
;
Arthur
,
Daughter
,
Currente
.
Or
,
as
a
Disiunct
,
as
;
Seperate
,
Glorious
.
●●
Thirdly
,
by
Disiunctes
,
whose
Vowels
come
each
after
other
according
to
the
order
of
the
Alphabet
,
as
;
Lion
,
●●●●
Glorious
,
Superior
,
Clio
,
Paradice
.
Fourthly
,
by
collaterall
(
e
)
great
Particles
affixed
or
accompanied
with
disiunctes
as
if
they
were
seuerall
Wordes
,
yet
ioyned
closer
togither
then
seuerall
Wordes
:
as
;
Lionesse
,
Perturbation
,
Anthropophagite
.
●●●
(
f
)
Notes
vpon
the
11.
Chapter
.
(a)
These
are
called
the
Improper
partes
of
a
Word
:
as
for
the
Proper
partes
of
a
Word
,
they
are
Letter
and
Syllable
.
Chapt
.
3.
(
b
)
That
is
,
according
to
the
Rules
deliuered
in
Chapter
next
before
going
.
(
c
)
As
the
word
Lionesse
,
which
may
be
written
12.
seuerall
wayes
by
the
Rules
of
this
Booke
,
Viz
.
But
in
this
,
and
all
other
Wordes
which
is
the
playnest
and
easiest
way
to
write
them
,
may
better
be
learned
by
practise
then
precept
.
(
d
)
The
Disiunctes
mentioned
in
the
third
Rule
,
are
Metaphthonges
,
referred
to
the
great
Particle
:
but
not
onely
vnto
it
,
for
they
are
also
referred
to
the
Vowell
of
the
Disiunct
next
going
before
.
(
e
)
Collaterall
,
that
is
placed
side
by
side
:
as
in
our
vsuall
wryting
one
Letter
is
placed
by
the
side
of
another
in
due
proportion
.
(
f
)
So
that
by
the
Rules
of
these
two
last
Chapters
,
is
declared
how
any
Word
whatsoeuer
,
may
be
fully
written
.
And
though
to
place
Disiunctes
abdue
great
Characters
in
wordes
of
many
Syllables
,
might
seeme
to
breede
confusion
;
yet
therein
will
appeare
no
trouble
at
all
:
for
,
we
write
Hebrew
wordes
with
small
Characters
,
and
Prickes
aboue
,
beneath
,
on
the
side
,
or
within
the
Letters
;
which
yet
are
not
thought
to
bring
confusion
,
but
great
helpe
to
the
Reader
:
But
if
any
inconuenience
should
arise
thereof
,
it
may
easily
be
redressed
by
the
fourth
Rule
of
this
Chapter
.
Of
the
first
part
of
Defectiues
.
Chapt
.
12.
IT
hath
been
declared
how
all
Wordes
may
be
expressed
by
Integrall
notes
:
Let
vs
now
see
how
some
Wordes
may
be
expressed
by
Defectiues
.
A
Defectiue
,
is
a
Literall
note
of
a
word
,
wanting
one
or
more
of
the
needefull
Letters
thereof
.
Of
Defectiues
there
are
foure
sortes
.
The
first
,
is
of
them
which
note
so
much
of
a
word
,
as
is
sufficient
to
distinguish
it
from
all
other
wordes
:
as
,
(a)
(
b
)
First
,
Baptisme
,
Apothecarie
,
Nothing
,
Whither
.
●●●●
Secondly
,
Augustine
,
Pionie
,
Brewer
,
Gouernour
.
●●●●
Notes
vpon
the
12.
Chapter
.
(a)
The
first
sort
of
Defectiues
,
includeth
as
well
all
Wordes
,
hauing
a
peculiar
beginning
by
themselues
(
such
as
are
the
former
three
,
and
many
more
,
which
practise
will
disc
uer
)
as
also
them
,
which
want
some
Letters
,
betweene
the
first
and
the
last
:
such
as
are
the
other
foure
,
and
the
like
.
(
b
)
These
kindes
of
abridgement
,
are
both
of
them
often
vsed
by
Notaries
:
as
;
Mnu●
'
Manuceperunt
.
Vis
.
Franc
.
pleg
.
Visus
franci
p●egij
.
ce
in
miam
.
esse
in
misericordia
.
Cur
Sccij
.
Curia
Scaccarij
.
firm̄r
.
firmiter
.
heret
.
haberet
.
Absque
disparag
.
absque
disparagatione
.
Such
is
also
the
abridgement
of
our
Sauiours
name
vsed
formerly
by
the
Greekes
:
For
in
steed
of
{αβγδ}
they
wrote
ΙΗS
ΧΡS
wherein
it
is
to
be
noted
,
that
ΗΧΡ
.
are
not
Latine
letters
(
as
some
suppose
)
but
the
Greeke
letters
Eta
,
Chi
,
Rho
.
The
mistaking
whereof
,
caused
that
errour
of
writing
IHS
,
for
IESVS
:
XP
,
for
CHRIST
:
Xpofer
,
for
Christopher
:
Xpiān
,
for
Christian
,
and
such
like
.
Of
the
second
sort
of
Defectiues
.
Chapt
.
13.
THe
second
sort
of
Defectiues
,
is
of
them
which
expresse
the
first
or
last
syllable
of
a
word
,
by
a
single
disiunct
Aphthonge
,
placed
either
Regularly
,
or
Irregularly
.
Regularly
,
(a)
And
then
they
note
the
last
syllable
,
either
by
the
first
letter
thereof
:
As
in
wordes
of
these
terminations
following
.
-
And
,
as
,
Command
.
-
By
,
as
,
Whereby
.
-
Call
,
as
,
Tragicall
.
-
Dome
,
as
,
Wisedome
.
-
Els
,
as
,
Bowels
.
-
Full
,
as
,
Sinfull
.
-
Ger
,
as
,
Longer
.
-
Iect
,
as
,
Obiect
.
-
Lesle
,
as
,
Friendlesse
-
Man
,
as
,
Workman
.
-
Nesse
,
as
,
Bouldnesse
.
-
Olde
,
as
,
Harolde
.
-
Parte
,
as
,
Depart
.
-
Ringe
,
as
,
Alluringe
.
-
So
,
as
,
Also
.
-
To
,
as
,
Hitherto
.
-
Vert
,
as
,
Peruerte
.
-
Vse
,
as
,
misuse
.
-
Ward
,
as
,
Froward
.
-
The
,
as
,
Lethe
.
-
It
,
as
,
Vnit
.
-
If
,
as
,
Plaintiffe
.
Or
by
the
last
Letter
thereof
,
as
in
words
of
these
terminations
following
.
-
Lique
,
as
,
Catholique
.
-
Lie
,
as
,
Vainelie
.
-
Ish
,
as
,
Cherish
.
-
Az
,
as
,
Paraz
.
Aphthongs
placed
Irregularlie
,
that
is
,
vnder
the
great
Particle
of
the
letter
following
at
the
left
side
thereof
,
note
the
first
Syllable
,
(
b
)
by
the
first
Letter
:
As
first
,
in
words
beginning
with
Re.
as
,
Resigne
.
Secondly
,
in
wordes
beginning
with
any
of
these
Syllables
following
.
-
Em
,
as
,
Emperour
.
-
Im
,
as
,
Impure
.
-
En
,
as
,
Enioy
.
-
In
,
as
,
Indicte
.
-
Vn
,
as
,
Vnneath
.
-
Il
before
L
,
as
,
Illumine
.
-
Ir
before
R
,
as
,
Irreuerend
In
which
syllables
the
first
letter
being
a
Vowell
is
to
be
expressed
by
a
tittle
.
(
c
)
But
in
flat
Characters
,
(
d
)
the
place
for
Aphthonges
beginning
the
word
is
at
the
left
side
:
and
for
Aphthonges
ending
the
word
at
the
right
side
thereof
,
as
,
-
●
Require
.
-
●
Enriched
.
Notes
vpon
the
.13
.
Chapter
.
(a)
That
is
,
in
the
Aphthonge
place
.
(
b
)
This
is
an
exception
against
the
First
Rule
of
the
11.
Chapter
,
which
requireth
that
the
first
letter
of
a
word
should
be
expressed
by
a
great
Particle
.
Where
note
,
that
onely
the
Particle
—
and
middot
iddot
;
are
to
be
vsed
for
first
Syllables
,
because
they
take
vp
no
roome
vnder
the
great
Character
,
as
other
Particles
would
,
if
they
were
so
vsed
.
(
c
)
Which
is
an
indefenite
Character
of
a
vowel
.
(
d
)
The
reason
of
this
exception
,
is
because
in
flat●e
Characters
,
the
place
of
E
is
beneath
at
the
left
side
,
Chapt
.
2.
and
the
place
for
Notes
of
Distinction
,
is
beneath
at
the
right
side
.
Chapt
.
3.
of
the
second
Booke
.
Of
the
third
sort
of
Defectiues
.
Chapt
.
14.
THe
thirde
sort
of
Defectiues
,
is
of
them
which
expresse
a
word
by
the
first
Letter
onely
.
(a)
To
wit
,
either
by
a
Particle
,
or
an
ordinarie
Letter
.
By
a
Particle
,
so
are
these
Wordes
expressed
.
-
But
.
-
Come
.
-
Dis
.
-
For
.
-
God
.
-
He
.
-
Iesus
.
-
Let
.
-
Make
.
-
Not
.
-
Of.
-
Pro
.
-
Quest
.
-
Rich
.
-
Sub
.
-
That
.
-
Rent
.
-
Which
-
Xcepte
.
-
Yet
.
-
Christ
.
A
word
noted
by
an
ordinarie
Letter
,
is
noted
either
by
a
small
Letter
,
or
by
a
Capitall
.
By
a
small
letter
either
Romaine
or
Secretarie
.
Words
written
by
small
Romaine
letters
,
are
these
.
-
Againe
.
-
because
.
-
cause
.
-
doctrine
-
euer
.
-
father
.
-
gospell
.
-
hypocrite
-
interre
.
-
kneele
.
-
lente
.
-
much
.
-
neuer
.
-
ouer
.
-
pouertie
.
-
queene
.
-
reguard
.
-
such
.
-
traunce
.
-
vengeance
.
-
vnto
.
-
would
.
-
xtreeme
-
yeere
.
Wordes
written
by
small
Secretarie
letters
,
are
these
.
-
Among
.
-
before
.
-
can
.
-
declare
-
earth
.
-
friende
.
-
great
.
-
Heretique
-
kinde
.
-
Lord
.
-
mercy
.
-
name
.
-
other
-
part
.
-
quaint
.
-
repent
.
-
serue
.
-
selfe
.
-
therefore
.
-
ve●se
.
-
vpon
.
-
wicked
.
-
xperience
.
-
young
.
Wordes
written
by
Capitall
letters
,
are
written
either
by
Romaine
Capitals
,
or
by
Secretarie
.
By
Romaine
Capitalles
,
Solitarie
,
or
Combined
.
Solitarie
:
as
,
A.
Apostle
,
D.
Deuteronomie
,
H.
Hebrewes
,
K.
Kinges
,
L.
Lamentations
,
Marke
,
Numbers
,
Prouerbes
,
Reuelation
.
(
b
)
Romane
Capitals
combined
,
signifie
two
names
or
wordes
in
one
:
as
,
●
Hermes
Trismegistus
.
(
c
)
●
Councell
of
Constance
.
●
Acte
of
Parliament
.
Wordes
written
by
Secretarie
Capitals
:
as
,
E.
Euangelist
,
P.
Prophet
.
(
d
)
Notes
vpon
the
.14
.
Chapter
.
(a)
The
writing
of
the
first
letter
for
the
whole
worde
,
is
a
very
auncient
kind
of
abreuiation
:
For
before
the
time
of
Iustinian
the
Emperour
,
the
Notaries
and
Registers
of
the
Law
were
wont
for
more
speed
in
wryting
,
oft
times
to
write
onely
the
first
letter
for
a
worde
:
as
,
L.
P.
Latini
Prisci
.
L.
I.
Lex
Iulia
D
A
.
C
De
adulteriis
coë●cendis
.
C
E
C
Coloni
eius
Colmie
.
V.
B
A
Viriboni
arbitratu
.
Q.R.F.E.V.
Quod
recte
fictum
esse
videbitur
.
&c.
Valer
.
Probus
de
Romanorum
notis
.
These
Abreuiations
were
called
Sig●a
,
(
quasi
singl●
per
Syncopen
pro
S●ngula
,
vt
veteres
viglas
pro
vi●lia
,
dixisse
feruntur
.
Instit
.
lib
.
1.
)
And
as
they
vsed
them
,
it
bred
no
little
confusion
,
because
they
vsed
the
same
letter
for
many
words
:
as
;
A
for
Aulus
,
age●
,
aut
,
annus
,
aliu
,
aio
,
&c.
And
therefore
many
by
craftinesse
of
witte
,
interpreted
the
letters
contrary
to
the
meaning
of
the
Law
,
thereby
abusing
the
simple
and
ignoraunt
:
Which
abuse
,
Iustinian
willing
to
reforme
,
commaunded
from
thence
forwarde
vnder
a
penaltie
,
that
none
should
vse
those
Abreuiations
.
Such
Abreuiatures
also
of
a
letter
for
a
word
haue
been
and
are
vsed
in
monumentes
,
noting
names
and
tittles
,
in
computations
and
accomptes
,
and
such
like
affayres
.
So
we
reade
that
Ae●
finding
in
a
monument
of
Stone
these
Greeke
letters
{αβγδ}
interpreted
the
Greeke
wordes
by
their
first
letters
in
this
signification
:
Goe
forward
,
foure
paces
,
digge
,
thou
shalt
finde
a
treasure
of
golde
:
Aesop
did
so
,
and
found
a
Potte
of
Gold
.
So
when
Leo
the
tenth
was
created
Pope
,
one
set
vp
this
Libel
vpon
the
Pasquil
,
M.
C
C.
C.
C.
L.
D.
Which
numerall
letters
the
Authour
himselfe
expounded
t●●s
:
Multi
Cardinales
caeci
creauerunt
caecum
Leonem
Decimum
:
that
is
,
Many
blinde
Cardinals
created
a
blind
Pope
Leo
the
tenth
Likewise
in
the
inscription
of
the
Collar
which
the
Knights
of
the
order
of
the
Salutation
weare
,
these
letters
,
F.E.
R.T.
stand
for
,
Fortitudo
eius
Rhodum
tenuit
:
His
prowesse
kept
Rhodes
:
Meaning
,
the
Prowesse
of
Amadeus
the
sixt
,
Earle
of
Sauoie
,
who
defended
Rhodes
against
the
Turke
,
and
in
memorie
thereof
,
instituted
this
order
.
Such
kind
of
Abreuiations
are
some
time
also
vsed
among
vs
:
as
;
E
R.
Elizabetha
Regina
.
C.
S.
Custos
Sigilli
.
A.
D.
Anno
Domini
&c.
And
such
are
the
defectiues
contayned
in
this
Chapter
:
wherein
I
haue
referred
no
more
then
one
vsuall
Word
to
one
Character
,
for
auoyding
confusion
.
(
b
)
These
wordes
in
this
Chapter
are
so
assigned
to
Particles
and
Letters
,
as
I
leaue
it
indifferent
to
any
to
vse
these
wordes
,
or
other
in
their
steade
:
because
with
Diuines
some
wordes
are
more
vsuall
,
with
Lawyers
other
wordes
,
with
Physitians
other
,
with
Poets
other
.
&c.
And
therefore
I
haue
heere
,
and
in
the
Defectiues
of
the
Chapter
following
,
onely
giuen
instance
of
my
meaning
in
one
or
two
examples
,
referring
it
to
their
choyce
,
what
wordes
they
shall
thinke
best
to
expresse
by
these
defectiue
Notes
,
according
to
the
seuerall
subiect
of
their
Studie
.
(
c
)
compounded
of
H.
and
T
,
the
two
first
Letters
of
the
name
and
firname
of
Hermes
Trismegistus
,
a
famous
King
of
Egypt
.
(
d
)
Although
I
haue
giuen
example
onely
of
the
Romaine
and
Secretarie
letters
,
as
being
most
vsuall
:
yet
the
Letters
of
other
Handes
also
may
profitably
be
vsed
to
signifie
wordes
;
as
,
●
according
,
●
Court
,
●
Malefactor
,
●
Sraunge
,
●
ment
.
Of
the
fourth
sort
of
Defectiues
.
Chap.
15.
THe
fourth
sort
of
Defectiues
,
is
of
them
which
expresse
onely
two
letters
of
the
Word
by
an
Aphthonge
particle
affixed
to
a
great
,
and
it
expresseth
either
the
two
first
Letters
,
or
the
first
and
the
last
.
The
two
first
,
regularly
,
or
irregularly
.
Regularly
,
(
b
)
as
;
Abounde
,
after
,
from
,
place
,
shall
,
this
,
●●●●●●●●●
what
,
stande
,
answere
.
Irregularly
,
(
c
)
as
:
Multitude
,
●●●●
Mediate
,
Posteritie
,
Necessarie
.
Defectiues
,
expressing
the
first
and
last
Letter
,
are
to
haue
such
Wordes
referred
to
them
as
either
begin
and
ende
with
a
Vowel
:
as
also
.
Or
if
they
begin
and
ende
with
a
Consonant
;
the
last
Consonant
is
such
,
as
neuer
followeth
immediately
the
first
in
the
beginning
of
an
English
word
,
(
d
)
as
:
Difference
,
Meruaile
,
Respect
.
●●●
Note
,
that
many
Words
may
fitly
be
expressed
according
to
these
former
Rules
(
e
)
by
Notes
defectiue
,
in
more
respectes
then
one
:
as
;
Faythfulnesse
,
Untowardnesse
,
Irreconciliable
,
Proiecte
.
●●●●
Notes
vpon
the
15.
Chapter
.
(a)
So
the
Romaines
expressed
many
Wordes
by
two
or
three
of
their
first
Letters
:
as
,
Tr
,
Pl
,
Tribunus
Plehis
.
Ag.
Ag●t
Ac
,
Actio
.
Eq
,
Equiria
.
Gl.
Gloria
.
Arm
,
Armilustrium
.
Car
,
carmentalia
.
Rob
Robigalia
.
&c.
Which
also
is
vsed
in
the
Canon
Law
:
as
,
Se
.
ap
.
Sedes
Apostolica
.
Sa
.
ap
con
.
Sacro
approbante
concilio
.
Pur
cano
.
De
purgatione
canonica
.
Likewise
they
sometime
wrote
a
worde
by
the
first
and
last
letter
thereof
:
as
,
Dt.
for
Duntaxat
.
Qm.
Quemadmodum
.
ee
.
esse
.
as
we
vsually
write
Lr.
for
Letter
,
Dd.
for
Deliuered
.
and
Mr.
for
Maister
.
(
b
)
That
is
,
expressed
according
to
the
Rules
before
deliuered
,
the
second
Letter
being
a
Consonant
affixed
to
the
first
,
in
the
Aphthonge
place
thereof
.
(
c
)
That
is
,
by
affixing
the
second
Letter
,
being
a
Vowell
,
to
the
first
Letter
in
the
Aphthonge
place
thereof
,
contrary
to
the
former
Rules
:
whereby
it
is
required
that
the
second
Letter
being
a
Vowell
,
should
be
vnderstood
by
a
Metaphthonge
Chap.
11.
(
d
)
As
in
the
examples
giuen
,
no
English
word
beginneth
with
ds
,
ml
.
rt
:
And
heere
note
,
that
in
other
Languages
,
many
wordes
begin
with
such
Letters
,
as
no
word
in
the
Engl●sh
tongue
beginneth
withall
:
as
;
bdella
,
ctesis
,
pneuma
,
Mneme
,
Sphinx
,
Sbesis
,
Tlao
,
tmolus
,
in
the
Greeke
:
Lluellyn
in
the
British
Vlishing
&c.
Notwithstanding
,
seeing
no
English
word
beginneth
with
the
same
Letters
,
euen
the●e
may
passe
for
Defectiue
notes
with
the
rest
:
as
;
●
beside
●
mention
.
Heere
further
marke
,
that
all
the
Defectiue
notes
,
intreated
of
in
these
two
last
Chapters
the
xiiij
and
the
xv
.
may
be
very
well
reduced
into
a
Table
:
(
the
manner
how
,
is
apparant
by
the
Rules
.
)
vnto
which
the
Reader
may
referre
what
wordes
he
thinketh
best
;
yet
with
this
regard
,
that
they
be
wordes
vsuall
vnto
himselfe
:
or
such
as
being
fully
written
,
would
be
vnhandsome
.
Which
when
he
hath
done
,
he
shall
not
need
to
get
the
wordes
of
the
Table
by
hare
,
but
by
remembring
vnto
what
kinde
of
defectiues
the
word
is
referred
;
the
Rule
it selfe
sheweth
how
the
word
is
to
be
written
.
As
if
I
remember
that
the
word
Meruaile
is
placed
among
the
Defectiues
,
written
by
the
first
and
last
letter
,
I
know
by
the
Rule
,
that
it
must
be
expressed
by
the
Aphthonge
particle
of
the
last
letter
affixed
to
the
first
.
Of
Illiterals
.
Chap.
16.
HItherto
concerning
literal
Characterst
it
followeth
to
speake
of
the
Illiterals
.
An
Illiterall
,
is
a
Character
hauing
the
same
signification
in
all
Languages
.
(a)
Of
which
sort
are
,
First
Characters
Arithmeticall
,
(
b
)
1.
2.
3.
4
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
0.
By
which
tenne
Characters
,
varied
by
place
and
position
,
(
c
)
all
numbers
whole
and
broken
,
are
to
be
expressed
,
according
to
the
rules
of
Arithmetique
.
Secondly
,
Characters
Astronomicall
:
as
,
1.
of
the
Planets
,
(
d
)
♄
Saturne
,
♃
Iupiter
,
♂
Mars
,
☉
Sunne
,
♀
Venus
,
☿
Mercurie
,
☽
Moone
.
2.
Of
the
twelue
Signes
in
the
Zodiacke
,
(
e
)
♈
Ramme
,
♉
Bull
,
♊
Twinne
,
♋
Crabbe
,
♌
Lion
,
♍
Virgin
,
♎
Ballance
,
♏
Scorpion
,
♐
Archer
,
♑
Goate
,
♒
Waterman
,
♓
Fishes
.
Thirdly
,
Characters
vsed
in
Bookes
of
the
Ciuil
Law
§
Paragraph
,
ff
Digectes
(
f
)
Notes
vpon
the
.16
.
Chapter
.
(a)
As
the
Character
☉
signifieth
in
English
the
Sunne
,
in
Latine
Sol
,
in
Greeke
Helios
,
in
Hebrew
Schemesh
,
in
French
Soleil
.
&c.
(
b
)
The
auncient
Hebrewes
and
Greekes
,
as
also
the
Pythagoreans
in
their
diuinations
by
Onomantie
,
vsed
all
the
letters
of
the
Alphabet
as
Numerals
.
The
Romaines
ordinarily
vsed
these
seauen
to
expresse
numbers
by
,
C.
D.
I.
L.
M.
V.
X
,
and
sometime
∽
for
200.
S
for
1000.
●
for
100000.
{roman
1000000}
for
1000000.
&c.
Val
Prob
.
But
the
tenne
Figures
of
Arithmetique
,
inuented
(
as
is
supposed
)
by
the
Arabians
,
are
by
the
agreement
almost
of
all
Nations
,
reputed
to
be
the
most
fitte
for
expressing
all
manner
of
Numbers
.
Joac
.
Camer
.
de
Logistica
.
The
Characters
vsed
in
Cossicke
numbers
,
I
omit
;
because
their
vse
is
not
so
common
as
the
rest
.
(
c
)
Varied
by
place
,
as
in
whole
Numbers
;
and
those
which
are
Quasi
Integra
:
Urstitius
.
Varied
by
position
,
as
in
Fractions
.
(
d
)
♄
Is
the
Character
of
Saturne
,
either
because
by
the
crookednes
thereof
it
resembleth
aged
Saturne
bowed
with
yeeres
(
Saturnus
enim
dicitur
,
quod
saturetur
annis
.
Cic
.
de
Nat.
deor
.
lib
.
2.
)
Or
els
because
it
is
like
a
Sith
,
which
Saturne
is
fayned
to
carry
in
his
hand
,
in
signification
that
Time
cutteth
off
the
course
of
all
mens
liues
:
for
Saturne
is
called
in
the
Greeke
{αβγδ}
quasi
{αβγδ}
which
signifieth
Time
.
♃
is
the
Character
of
Iupiter
,
for
that
it
representeth
a
Scepter
,
such
as
Iupiter
is
supposed
to
beare
.
♂
is
the
Character
of
Mars
,
because
it
representeth
a
Clubbe
and
an
Arrow
;
weapons
vsed
in
Warre
:
for
Mars
among
the
Heathen
was
counted
Patron
of
Warre
.
☉
is
the
Character
of
the
Sunne
,
representing
the
roundnesse
of
the
body
,
and
the
brightnesse
of
the
beames
of
the
Sunne
.
♀
is
the
Character
of
Venus
,
hauing
the
forme
of
a
looking
Glasse
,
which
Venus
holdeth
in
her
hand
.
☿
is
the
Character
of
Mercurie
,
carrying
the
similitude
of
Mercuries
rodde
,
whereabout
are
two
Serpents
twisted
.
☽
is
the
Character
of
the
Moone
,
resembling
the
light
part
of
the
Moone
in
her
prime
.
And
by
these
considerations
,
may
the
Characters
of
the
Planets
be
easily
remembred
.
(
e
)
♈
Is
the
Character
of
the
Ramme
,
because
in
figure
it
resembleth
a
Rammes
hornes
.
♉
of
the
Bull
,
because
it
hath
a
resemblance
of
a
Buls
head
.
♊
Of
the
Twinne
,
for
the
mutuall
imbracements
of
them
both
.
♋
Of
the
Crabbe
,
because
in
figure
it
representeth
the
cleyes
of
a
Crabbe
:
or
(
as
Cornelius
Agrippa
sayth
,
lib
.
2.
de
Occult
.
Philos
.
Cap.
52
▪
)
because
it
turneth
both
wayes
,
forward
and
backward
,
in
signification
of
the
Sunnes
progresse
and
regresse
too
and
from
this
Signe
.
♌
Of
the
Lion
,
for
the
length
and
wauing
of
his
tayle
.
♍
Of
the
Virgin
,
for
the
stalke
and
eare
of
Corne
,
which
she
is
fayned
to
hold
in
her
hand
.
♎
Of
the
Ballance
,
because
it
beareth
the
figure
of
the
crosse-beame
of
the
Ballance
.
♏
Of
the
Scorpion
,
for
the
wreathinges
of
his
tayle
.
♐
Of
the
Archer
,
because
it
hath
the
likenes
of
an
Arrow
.
♑
Of
the
Goate
,
for
the
turninges
of
his
tayle
.
♒
Of
the
Waterman
,
for
the
similitude
of
running
Water
.
♓
Of
the
Fishes
,
because
it
figureth
two
Fishes
linkt
togither
:
And
by
these
considerations
may
the
Characters
of
the
Signes
be
kept
in
memorie
.
There
are
besides
these
,
innumerable
Characters
of
Astronomie
;
as
,
the
Characters
of
the
Aspectes
,
the
Characters
of
the
4.
Triplicities
,
the
Characters
of
120.
seuerall
Coniunctions
of
the
Planets
,
the
Characters
of
diuers
Constellations
,
the
Characters
the
Olympicall
letters
,
and
Olympicall
Spirites
,
(
as
they
are
tearmed
)
which
I
haue
thought
good
not
to
trouble
this
Booke
withall
,
there
being
no
ordinarie
or
common
vse
of
them
.
(
f
)
§
Signifieth
a
Paragraph
;
that
is
,
(
as
Martianus
Cossias
defineth
it
)
Quicquid
sub
vndsententia
clauditur
.
Whatsoeuer
is
included
in
one
sentence
.
ff
.
Signifieth
the
Booke
of
Digestes
;
because
the
Graecians
noted
the
volume
of
the
Law
called
Pandectae
,
by
the
Greeke
letter
Pi
,
with
a
Circumflex
accent
ouer
it
thus
π̂
which
in
continuance
of
time
▪
easily
degenerated
into
the
Character
ff
.
By
which
Note
,
they
signifie
the
Booke
of
Digestes
;
being
a
chiefe
part
of
the
Pandecte
.
Alciatus
.
All
other
Notes
and
Breuiatures
,
vsed
in
the
Ciuill
and
Canon
Law
I
omit
,
as
being
vnknowne
to
the
most
sort
of
people
.
As
likewise
for
the
same
reason
,
I
haue
pretermitted
the
Characters
vsed
by
the
Physitians
in
their
prescriptes
:
the
Characters
of
Geometrie
,
Musicke
,
Magicke
.
Alchymie
;
they
being
such
as
are
familiar
to
none
,
but
the
Children
of
those
Artes
.
Of
Characters
Heterogeneall
.
Chapt
.
17.
ANd
so
much
concerning
Homogeneall
notes
of
Wordes
:
it
resteth
to
speake
of
Heterogenealles
.
An
Heterogeneall
,
is
a
Note
of
a
word
expressed
in
a
mixt
kind
of
writing
:
as
,
-
1.
Particles
ioyned
with
-
Letters
,
as
:
Ouercome
,
Euery
.
●●
-
Illiterals
,
as
:
Money
,
Fishmongor
.
☽
♓
☽
-
2.
Letters
ioyned
with
-
Particles
,
as
:
forefather
,
reuerse
●●
-
Illite
.
as
:
lion-kind
,
belfather
.
(a)
●●
-
3.
Illiterals
ioyned
with
-
Particles
,
as
:
Reason
,
Camphire
.
●●
-
Letters
:
fatherhood
,
friendship
.
●●
Vnto
these
may
be
added
as
Heterogeneals
,
(
b
)
such
words
as
are
written
in
part
or
in
whole
,
by
the
Character
or
Characters
of
an
other
word
or
Syllable
:
Of
which
kind
of
words
,
this
is
the
Rule
.
viz.
All
Notes
of
a
word
,
or
part
of
a
word
,
sauing
Defectiues
beginning
with
a
Vowell
and
regularly
affixed
,
(
c
)
may
be
vsed
in
composition
,
(
d
)
to
signifie
a
word
or
part
of
a
word
,
harder
noted
(
e
)
of
like
or
neere
sound
:
as
,
followeth
.
-
1
Literals
Integrall
,
as
:
thereof
,
powerfull
.
●●
-
2
Vnaffixed
Particles
,
as
:
furlong
despise
.
●●
-
3
Aphthong
disiuncts
Earnestnes
,
countermaund
●●
-
4
Ordinarie
Letters
,
as
:
Iecunde
,
condition
●●
-
5
Illiteralles
,
as
:
Commission
,
youngling
●●
Notes
vpon
the
.17
.
Chapter
.
(a)
And
of
this
sort
are
those
vsuall
Abreuiations
of
the
names
of
Moneths
,
7ber
,
8ber
,
9ber
:
for
,
September
,
October
,
Nouember
.
(
b
)
So
called
,
because
these
are
also
of
an
other
kind
,
different
from
the
former
.
(
c
)
For
Defectiues
beginning
with
a
Vowell
,
and
regularly
affixed
,
when
they
are
vsed
in
composition
,
do
not
signifie
their
proper
defectiue
word
,
but
that
syllable
onely
which
they
note
:
as
,
●●●
Commaundement
,
where
the
middle
Particle
signifieth
An
,
the
syllable
which
it
noteth
;
and
not
Answer
,
the
defectiue
word
,
which
without
composition
it
should
signifie
.
(
d
)
That
is
,
ioyned
togither
collaterally
with
some
other
note
or
notes
,
for
the
expressing
of
a
longer
word
.
(
e
)
Harder
noted
,
that
is
,
whose
proper
Note
or
Character
is
harder
or
more
troublesome
to
be
made
:
as
,
the
proper
Character
of
thereof
,
being
●●
is
harder
to
be
made
then
theirof
,
a
word
of
sound
not
vnlike
to
it
.
The
end
of
the
first
Booke
.
THE
SECOND
BOOKE
.
Of
part
of
a
Word
omitted
.
Chap.
1.
HItherto
touching
the
first
part
of
Stenographie
,
consisting
in
the
abreuiation
of
a
Word
:
I
come
now
to
the
second
;
which
concerneth
the
abreuiation
of
a
Sentence
.
The
Abreuiation
of
a
Sentence
consisteth
in
two
thinges
:
the
abreuiation
of
part
of
a
Sentence
,
and
the
abreuiation
of
a
whole
Sentence
.
The
partes
of
a
Sentence
,
are
Worde
,
and
Clause
.
(a)
A
word
in
a
Sentence
(
b
)
is
abreuiated
,
either
by
Omission
of
some
part
thereof
,
or
Contraction
of
the
whole
.
Part
of
a
Word
is
to
be
omitted
,
when
it
may
be
vnderstood
what
it
is
by
the
nature
of
the
speech
.
The
part
of
a
word
so
omitted
,
is
either
in
the
beginning
,
or
in
the
ende
thereof
.
In
the
beginning
of
a
Word
.
First
,
H.
W.
and
Y.
(
c
)
when
their
sound
is
drowned
by
the
word
before
going
:
as
,
H.
True
friendship
is
onely
amongst
honest
men
.
W.
It
is
ill
to
wish
for
death
,
but
worse
to
feare
it
.
Y.
This
yeere
is
the
last
yeeres
Scholler
,
and
the
next
yeeres
Maister
.
Secondly
,
a
Consonant
of
a
word
of
no
more
then
2.
syllables
,
after
a
word
ending
with
a
Consonant
of
the
same
sound
:
as
,
Mercie
is
with
thee
,
that
thou
mayst
be
feared
.
That
which
thou
art
about
to
do
,
forbeare
to
speake
.
Oft
haue
I
good
done
,
thereof
heare
I
neuer
:
Once
haue
I
ill
done
,
thereof
heare
I
euer
.
In
the
ende
of
a
Word
:
to
wit
.
First
personall
Terminations
,
(
d
)
as
;
Pouertie
compelleth
a
Sluggard
to
worke
,
and
Despaire
enforceth
a
Coward
to
fight
.
Warre
makes
Theeues
,
and
Peace
hanges
them
vp
.
The
more
thou
vnderstandest
,
the
more
thou
doubtest
Secondly
,
Literall
or
Syllabicall
adiections
:
(
e
)
as
,
It
is
an
honour
to
suffer
rebuke
for
well
doing
.
That
is
not
thine
owne
,
which
fortune
can
take
away
And
thou
Melpomene
helpen
to
indite
,
Chaucer
.
These
woefull
lines
that
weepen
as
I
write
.
Chaucer
.
Thirdly
,
in
Rythme
;
the
ende
of
a
line
answering
in
sound
the
end
of
some
other
line
before
going
.
Immediately
:
as
,
When
Fayth
fayles
in
Priestes
sawes
,
And
Lordes
hestes
are
holden
for
lawes
:
And
Robberie
is
holden
purchase
,
And
Lecherie
is
holden
solace
:
Then
shall
the
lond
of
Albioun
,
Be
brought
to
great
confusioun
.
Chaucer
.
Mediately
:
as
,
Yf
thou
loose
much
,
and
gaine
nought
,
Yf
thou
spendest
much
,
and
mindest
nought
,
Yf
thou
borrow
much
,
and
pay
nought
,
And
lookest
in
thy
pursse
,
and
findest
nought
,
Thou
mayst
be
sory
in
thine
hart
,
but
say
nought
Fourthly
,
any
Letter
or
Syllable
which
the
sense
may
supply
:
as
;
Pardon
many
thinges
to
others
,
but
nought
to
thy selfe
.
It
is
better
to
be
reprooued
by
an
enemie
,
then
commended
by
a
flatterer
.
He
accuseth
Neptune
wrongfully
,
that
hath
suffred
twice
shipwracke
.
All
the
Examples
of
the
first
Chapter
are
thus
written
.
(
f
)
-
1
-
2
-
3
-
4
-
5
-
7
-
7
Notes
vpon
the
first
Chapter
.
(a)
A
Word
is
part
of
a
Clause
,
and
therefore
of
a
Sentence
.
For
,
Pars
partis
est
pars
totius
.
Euclid
.
So
seeing
a
Particle
is
part
of
a
Letter
;
a
Letter
part
of
a
Syllable
,
a
Syllable
part
of
a
Word
,
a
Word
part
of
a
Clause
,
a
Clause
part
of
a
Sentence
;
therefore
it
followeth
,
that
a
Particle
is
part
of
a
Sentence
written
.
(
b
)
Although
the
abreuiation
of
a
Word
be
intreated
of
both
in
the
first
part
of
Stenographie
,
and
in
the
second
,
yet
the
Rules
of
Methode
are
not
violated
thereby
;
because
in
the
first
part
,
a
word
is
considered
in
it selfe
alone
,
without
relation
to
other
wordes
ioyned
with
it
:
But
in
the
seconde
parr
,
a
word
is
considered
,
as
it
respecteth
other
wordes
,
wherwith
it
is
ioyned
in
the
same
sentence
.
(
c
)
Eor
H.W.
and
Y.
haue
the
nature
of
Aspirations
.
(
d
)
Personall
terminations
,
as
:
est
,
es
,
eth
,
neede
not
to
be
added
,
seeing
the
Person
is
alwayes
expressed
with
the
Verbe
,
in
the
English
tongue
.
(
e
)
The
Letter
N.
is
often
added
to
wordes
ending
in
a
Vowell
,
before
a
word
beginning
with
a
Vowell
:
as
,
An
honour
,
not
,
A
honour
.
Thine
owne
;
not
,
Thy
owne
:
and
is
then
to
be
omitted
.
Syllabicall
adiections
vsed
in
the
Latine
tongue
,
are
by
this
Rule
to
be
omitted
:
as
in
,
Adesdum
,
Numnam
(
dum
&
nam
.
)
So
in
the
Greeke
,
Coniunctions
called
Parapleromaticall
,
{αβγδ}
.
&c.
(
f
)
The
first
line
conteyneth
the
examples
of
the
first
Rule
:
the
second
,
the
examples
of
the
second
:
the
third
,
the
example
of
the
third
Rule
.
&c.
Of
Wordes
expressed
by
Metaphthonge
Disiunctes
.
Chapt
.
2.
A
Word
is
abreuiated
by
contraction
,
when
it
is
expressed
either
by
a
disiunct
,
or
by
an
easier
noted
Word
of
like
sound
.
By
a
Disiunct
,
to
wit
;
Metaphthonge
,
or
Aphthonge
.
Of
the
Abreuiation
by
Metaphthonge
,
all
Wordes
are
capable
,
beginning
with
a
Vowell
,
or
H
,
and
not
exceeding
two
Syllables
:
as
,
(a)
The
more
you
may
be
bolde
with
your
friend
,
the
lesse
you
ought
.
He
that
asketh
ought
impossible
,
denieth
his
owne
request
.
Flatterie
maketh
each
man
a
lyer
to
him selfe
.
Good
thinges
neuer
appeare
in
their
full
beautie
,
till
they
turne
their
backes
,
and
are
departing
.
The
spirit
of
God
giueth
vtterance
.
Griefe
doth
then
decrease
,
when
it
is
able
to
increase
no
more
.
Forgetfulnes
is
the
best
remedie
of
things
past
hope
.
Nothing
is
to
be
accounted
profitable
,
which
is
not
honest
.
Heere
note
,
that
if
more
wordes
begining
with
a
vowel
,
or
H
,
do
come
after
one
another
,
according
to
the
order
of
the
Alphabet
,
in
respect
of
their
Vowels
,
they
may
all
of
them
be
referred
as
Disiunctes
,
to
the
same
great
Character
:
as
,
(
b
)
Wo
to
them
that
are
at
ease
in
Sion
.
He
is
an
yll
Husband
of
his
honour
,
that
entreth
into
any
action
,
the
falling
wherein
may
disgrace
him
more
,
then
the
carying
of
it
through
,
can
honour
him
.
Notes
vpon
the
2.
Chapter
.
(a)
The
examples
of
this
Chapter
,
and
the
two
next
,
are
diligently
to
be
marked
;
because
each
of
them
illustrateth
their
Rule
by
a
seuerall
kinde
of
Disiunct
:
where
note
,
that
the
wordes
printed
in
smaller
Letters
,
are
those
of
which
the
Rule
is
giuen
,
and
are
to
be
expressed
by
Disiunctes
.
Of
wordes
expressed
by
Aphthonge
disiunct
.
Chap.
3.
OF
the
abreuiation
by
Aphthonge
Disiunct
:
those
words
are
capable
which
conteine
one
or
more
of
those
Syllables
,
which
beginne
or
ende
wordes
of
the
seconde
sort
of
Defectiues
,
as
in
these
Examples
:
1
Trueth
by
much
wrangling
is
scattered
to
nothing
.
2
One
vnthankful
man
makes
many
fare
the
worse
.
3
Euery
fault
ariseth
in
accompt
greater
or
lesse
,
as
the
party
is
in
degree
,
higher
or
lower
that
committeth
it
.
4
In
the
kingdome
of
God
,
is
the
fullnesse
of
al
ioy
.
5
The
weaker
faction
is
firmer
in
Coniunction
.
6
Beastes
that
are
weake
in
the
course
,
are
nimble
in
the
turne
.
7
The
Parentes
indulgence
,
causeth
the
childes
vntowardnesse
.
8
The
more
excellent
a
thing
is
in
his
owne
nature
,
the
more
vile
〈◇〉
becommeth
,
being
abused
.
Note
that
if
one
of
the
regular
Aphthonge
wordes
(a)
do
begin
a
line
,
it
is
to
be
noted
,
as
if
it
belonged
as
finall
Syllable
to
an
other
word
before
going
:
as
,
The
Minde
must
beget
godly
wordes
,
and
the
Lippes
bring
them
foorth
.
To
receaue
a
benefite
,
is
to
sell
libertie
.
(a)
That
is
,
Wordes
expressed
by
regular
Aphthonges
.
1.
Booke
.
Chapt
.
13.
Of
Wordes
of
like
sound
.
Chapt
.
4.
A
Word
is
abreuiated
,
when
it
is
expressed
by
an
easier
noted
Word
of
like
sound
:
as
in
these
examples
.
An
Enemie
that
hurtes
me
not
,
is
as
good
as
a
Friend
that
doth
me
no
good
.
A
Spendthrift
shall
in
the
ende
be
a
Seruant
,
a
Thiefe
,
or
a
Begger
.
That
is
kept
with
great
perill
,
which
manie
like
.
Euerie
argument
against
which
nothing
is
sayd
,
is
easily
wonne
.
Neezing
purgeth
the
Brayne
,
and
coughing
the
Lunges
.
They
know
not
how
to
speake
,
that
know
not
when
to
hold
their
peace
.
There
is
no
time
good
to
one
,
which
is
not
bad
for
an
other
.
Of
Clausiue
Notes
.
Chapt
.
5.
NExt
the
abreuiation
of
a
Word
,
commeth
to
be
handled
the
abreuiation
of
〈◇〉
●lause
.
A
Clause
is
a
part
of
a
Sentence
pronounced
togi●her
without
pause
,
and
distinguished
from
●h●
rest
by
some
clausiue
Note
.
Clausiue
notes
vsed
in
this
Art
(a)
are
Notes
either
of
distinction
,
or
of
reference
.
Distinctiue
notes
are
foure
:
to
wit
,
-
,
Comma
.
-
:
Colon
.
-
.
Period
.
-
?
Interrogatiue
.
A
Distinctiue
Note
when
neede
requireth
,
(
b
)
is
to
be
placed
vnder
the
last
word
of
the
clause
,
and
at
the
right
side
thereof
,
as
:
Archelaus
the
Philosopher
being
demaunded
,
Who
was
most
in
trouble
?
Answered
;
He
that
most
desireth
to
be
at
rest
.
A
note
of
Reference
,
is
that
which
reduceth
a
sentence
or
part
thereof
omitted
or
misplaced
,
into
his
proper
place
:
And
of
these
there
are
two
sortes
;
the
one
single
,
the
other
dubble
.
The
Single
note
of
Reference
is
thus
marked
(
●
)
and
it
is
called
commonly
,
The
note
of
Interlineation
,
whose
vse
is
to
direct
vs
to
that
which
is
written
aboue
(
e
)
the
line
,
or
in
the
margine
.
Aboue
the
line
,
as
:
That
woman
which
would
rather
gouerne
a
foolish
Husband
,
then
obay
one
that
is
wise
and
discreete
,
doth
as
if
she
desired
rather
to
lead
⁁
⁁
a
blind
man
in
the
way
she
knowes
not
,
then
to
follow
one
that
is
skilfull
in
the
way
.
In
the
Margine
,
as
:
Some
in
their
Discourse
,
desire
rather
commendation
of
wit
,
in
being
able
to
holde
all
arguments
,
then
of
iudgement
in
discerning
what
is
true
.
As
if
it
were
a
prayse
to
knowe
what
might
be
said
,
and
not
what
should
be
thought
.
Some
haue
certaine
Common-places
and
Theames
,
wherein
they
are
good
,
and
want
varietie
:
which
kind
of
pouertie
is
for
the
most
part
tedious
,
&
now
and
then
rediculous
.
F.
Bacon
in
his
Essayes
.
A
double
Note
of
reference
is
thus
marked
[
]
,
whereof
the
first
is
to
be
made
at
the
beginning
of
a
Clause
,
Sentence
,
or
Speech
;
before
which
being
alreadie
written
,
(
f
)
some
other
sentence
or
speech
should
be
placed
:
The
last
,
is
to
be
made
at
the
ende
thereof
.
And
this
double
note
signifieth
all
that
Clause
,
Sentence
,
or
Speech
,
that
is
included
betweene
them
,
to
be
read
after
the
Sentence
or
speech
next
following
,
in
that
place
where
the
sayd
two
Notes
are
placed
togither
,
as
:
When
the
Citizens
of
Papia
in
Italie
were
at
dissention
,
by
reason
of
the
faction
betweene
the
Guelphes
and
the
Gihelines
:
The
Gibelines
procured
a
Fauoure●
of
theirs
,
called
Facinus
Canis
,
to
come
and
assist
them
with
a
power
of
men
,
[
whereof
when
the
Gibelines
did
complaine
vnto
him
,
saying
:
that
their
goodes
too
were
spoyled
against
agreement
:
He
answered
,
that
themselues
were
Gibelines
,
and
should
be
safe
;
but
their
goodes
were
Guelphes
,
and
must
pay
for
it
,
]
vpon
agreement
and
couenant
,
that
he
should
haue
the
goodes
of
the
Guelphes
for
his
pay
.
But
he
being
once
come
into
the
Citie
with
his
men
of
Warre
,
spared
neither
of
them
;
his
Souldiers
must
be
serued
.
[
]
The
Gibelines
of
Papia
could
not
foresee
this
;
our
Catholickes
by
them
may
.
Let
them
leaue
their
brainsicke
desires
&
diuelish
purposes
,
of
bringing
a
Facinus
Canis
into
their
Countrey
;
least
by
experience
they
feele
(
which
God
forbid
)
that
though
themselues
be
Catholickes
,
their
Goodes
may
be
Heretiques
;
perhaps
some
hereticall
bloud
in
their
bodyes
also
,
by
contagion
of
ours
.
D.
Reignolds
.
Notes
vpon
the
5.
Chapter
.
(a)
There
are
many
Clausiue
Notes
besides
which
this
Art
respecteth
not
;
as
,
!
the
Note
of
Admiration
.
(
)
Parenthesis
.
*
An
Asteriske
,
whereby
Plato
was
wont
to
note
certaine
sentences
as
vnperfect
.
℈
An
Antigraph
,
wherby
in
auncient
time
,
they
noted
a
diuers
sence
in
translation
.
←
A
Dart
,
whereby
they
noted
lyes
,
superfluous
sentences
,
and
wordes
foysted
into
the
Scripture
.
●
A
Dart
with
an
Asteriske
;
which
Note
Aristarchus
set
vpon
those
Verses
of
Homer
,
that
were
not
placed
in
their
right
order
.
&c.
(
b
)
For
these
Distinctiue
notes
in
this
Art
,
are
very
sparingly
to
be
vsed
,
Except
either
the
sence
without
them
would
be
ambiguous
,
as
in
this
example
:
Women
are
vertuous
good
and
kinde
.
What
man
can
say
that
?
they
offende
:
They
serue
their
husbands
with
glad
minde
Neuer
,
they
deceiue
them
till
their
ende
.
In
which
example
,
if
the
Poyntes
were
made
only
at
the
ende
of
each
line
,
the
sence
were
much
altered
.
Or
else
,
that
the
speech
consisteth
of
very
short
sentences
;
as
in
these
two
Latine
verses
,
describing
the
Simonie
of
some
Clergie
men
.
Intus
quis
?
tu
quis
?
ego
sum
.
quid
quaeris
?
vt
intrem
.
Fers
aliquid
?
non
,
sta
foras
.
en
fero
.
quid
?
satis
.
Intra
.
(
d
)
The
vse
of
the
Notes
of
Distinction
is
so
commonly
knowne
,
that
it
needeth
not
heere
to
declare
it
,
but
to
note
them
onely
.
(
e
)
Aboue
the
line
,
rather
then
betweene
the
lines
,
because
the
clause
referred
,
is
not
alwayes
betweene
the
lines
,
but
sometime
placed
aboue
the
highest
line
:
as
,
A
wise
demaunder
makes
a
man
to
consider
⁁
many
thinges
and
to
know
many
other
,
which
without
hauing
beene
demaunded
,
he
should
neuer
haue
knowne
.
Machiauell
.
(
f
)
So
that
the
vse
of
the
dubble
Clausiue
note
is
this
:
If
we
haue
written
a
Sentence
,
before
which
vpon
better
consideration
an
other
Sentence
should
be
written
;
and
that
there
is
not
space
enough
to
interline
it
,
or
to
write
it
in
the
Margine
:
Heere
if
we
should
blot
out
the
former
Sentence
,
it
would
require
some
time
to
write
it
againe
:
but
by
these
Clausiue
notes
being
included
,
it
may
stand
still
,
and
be
read
in
his
due
place
.
Of
Clauses
abreuiated
by
Omission
.
Chapt
.
6.
A
Clause
is
abreuiated
either
by
Omission
,
or
Contraction
.
By
Omission
,
when
some
part
thereof
is
left
out
.
And
this
part
of
the
clause
is
either
neglected
,
or
vnderstood
.
The
part
of
a
Clause
neglected
,
are
Wordes
added
without
waight
of
matter
,
as
:
Vocémque
his
auribus
hausi
.
Aeneid
.
4.
And
I
heard
it
with
these
eares
.
(a)
The
part
of
a
Clause
omitted
vnderstood
,
is
vnderstood
either
by
the
order
of
writing
,
or
by
some
note
added
beneath
the
lower
line
.
By
the
order
of
Writing
,
either
in
Quotations
,
or
common
phrases
.
The
order
in
Quotations
is
diuers
,
according
to
the
Authour
,
whose
authoritie
is
cited
,
(
b
)
as
:
1.
Cor
.
10.31
.
that
is
:
The
first
Epistle
of
Paule
to
the
Corinthians
,
the
tenth
Chapter
,
and
one
and
thirtieth
verse
.
Common
Phrases
,
(
c
)
that
is
to
say
,
such
as
we
haue
often
occasion
to
vse
,
are
to
be
expressed
by
the
first
letters
of
2.
3.
or
4.
of
the
first
wordes
ioyned
close
togither
:
as
.
tco
;
that
is
,
the
coherence
which
these
wordes
haue
with
the
former
is
after
this
maner
.
nlv
.
Now
let
vs
make
vse
vnto
our selues
of
that
which
hath
been
deliuered
.
And
such
like
Phrases
infinite
.
The
part
of
a
Clause
omitted
,
vnderstood
by
some
note
added
beneath
the
lower
line
,
is
one
or
more
Wordes
repeated
in
the
same
sentence
.
If
one
Word
onely
be
Immediately
(
d
)
repeated
,
it
is
vnderstood
by
this
note
(
l
)
added
to
the
worde
repeated
in
the
place
of
Distinction
.
Single
,
if
it
be
repeated
but
once
:
Double
,
if
it
be
repeated
twice
.
Repeated
but
once
,
as
:
He
that
may
do
what
he
will
,
will
do
more
then
he
may
.
Repeated
twice
,
as
:
Ezech
.
21.27
.
Ouerthrowne
,
ouerthrowne
,
ouerthrowne
,
will
I
put
it
.
If
more
Wordes
be
repeated
,
they
are
vnderstood
by
a
straight
line
drawne
vnder
them
.
But
the
Repetition
of
more
wordes
,
is
either
Immediate
,
or
Mediate
.
If
it
be
Immediate
,
it
is
repeated
once
or
twise
.
If
it
be
repeated
but
once
,
it
is
sufficiently
vnderstood
by
the
Line
onely
:
as
,
Cant
.
1.15
.
My
Loue
,
behold
thou
art
faire
,
behold
thou
art
faire
,
If
it
be
repeated
twise
,
the
line
must
turne
vp
a
little
at
the
end
of
the
last
word
:
as
,
Ier
.
7.4
.
Trust
not
in
lying
vanities
saying
:
Heere
is
the
Temple
of
the
Lord
,
heere
is
the
Temple
of
the
Lord
.
heere
is
the
Temple
of
the
Lord
.
If
the
repetition
be
mediate
,
then
must
a
short
line
also
(
e
)
be
drawne
vnder
the
Word
,
last
before
going
,
in
the
place
of
Distinction
,
shewing
that
the
wordes
before
vnderlined
,
are
there
againe
to
be
repeated
,
as
:
The
Tale
that
I
told
you
,
is
as
I
tolde
you
.
And
,
the
tale
that
I
tolde
you
,
is
this
:
If
the
tale
that
I
told
you
,
be
not
as
I
told
you
Then
vntold
be
the
tale
that
I
tolde
you
:
For
,
the
tale
that
I
told
you
,
I
told
it
amisse
.
Notes
vpon
the
.6
.
Chapter
.
(a)
In
which
Example
,
these
Wordes
,
with
these
eares
,
may
well
be
spared
;
because
no
man
heareth
without
his
eares
.
But
of
this
Rule
,
and
some
other
following
in
this
Booke
(
as
the
Reader
may
easily
obserue
)
we
haue
vse
onely
when
we
would
write
the
generall
sence
of
a
speech
deliuered
,
and
not
verbatim
euery
word
thereof
:
Wherein
,
if
the
speaker
from
whose
mouth
we
note
,
be
very
swift
of
deliuerie
,
so
that
he
transporteth
our
imagination
beyonde
the
indeuour
of
our
handes
;
it
shall
not
be
amisse
to
write
only
the
Verbes
&
Substantiues
,
and
other
Wordes
essentiall
to
the
speech
deliuered
,
reseruing
a
space
for
the
rest
which
are
of
lighter
circumstance
,
to
be
supplyed
with
Penne
immediatly
after
the
speech
is
ended
.
(
b
)
For
the
Arithmeticall
Figures
,
sometime
note
the
Booke
,
sometime
the
Chapter
,
the
Question
,
Centurie
,
Exercitation
,
Aphorisme
,
Leafe
,
Page
,
Colume
,
Section
,
Verse
,
Line
.
&c.
of
any
worke
,
according
as
it
is
distinguished
by
the
Author
.
(
c
)
Euery
man
according
to
the
subiect
of
his
Writing
vseth
seuerall
Phrases
:
it
sufficeth
therfore
to
giue
instance
by
those
two
former
Examples
,
how
Phrases
may
be
abridged
.
(
d
)
For
Mediate
repetitions
of
one
Worde
,
are
not
to
be
respected
:
as
;
In
this
Example
.
(
He
that
in
time
refuseth
time
,
when
time
well
offered
is
:
an
other
time
shall
seeke
for
time
,
but
then
of
time
shall
misse
.
)
The
Word
Time
,
is
fully
to
be
expressed
by
his
proper
Character
,
in
all
the
places
where
it
is
vsed
.
(
e
)
Besides
that
which
was
before
drawne
vnder
the
Sentence
repeated
.
Of
Clauses
abreuiated
by
Contraction
.
Chapt
.
7.
A
Clause
,
is
abreuiated
by
Contraction
:
First
,
of
the
sence
of
more
Wordes
into
one
,
as
:
for
,
The
great
triangled
Iland
in
the
West
,
write
England
.
For
,
The
forerunner
of
our
Lord
Jesus
Christ
,
write
John
.
Secondly
,
of
more
Wordes
into
one
Character
,
as
:
-
●
The
Iudgement
hal
.
(a)
-
☊
The
Dragons
head
.
(
b
)
-
☋
The
Dragons
tayle
.
-
●
The
chiefe
poynt
.
(
c
)
-
●
From
the
coronation
of
.
(
d
)
-
●
Hand
ouer
head
.
(
e
)
-
●
Preserued
aliue
(
f
)
-
θ
Slaine
in
battaile
.
-
●
the
Roman
Empire
(
g
)
-
●
And
so
foorth
.
-
·I·
That
is
to
say
.
-
●
It
is
.
Notes
vpon
the
.7
.
Chapter
.
(a)
This
Character
bearing
the
proportion
of
the
snoute
of
a
Shippe
,
may
signifie
the
Iudgement
Hall
,
because
Moenius
Consull
of
Rome
,
hauing
ouercome
the
auncient
Latines
in
a
Sea
skirmish
,
did
set
vp
the
Brasen
snoutes
of
the
enemies
Shippes
in
the
Iudgement
Hall
for
a
monument
of
his
victorie
:
Which
from
thence
forward
vpon
this
occasion
,
was
called
Rostra
,
which
in
former
times
was
called
Forum
.
Liuius
.
(
b
)
☊
and
☋
are
Astronomicall
Figures
,
vsed
to
signifie
the
two
Intersections
called
the
Dragons
Head
,
and
the
Dragons
Tayle
;
because
the
deferent
Circle
cutting
the
Equant
,
maketh
two
Figures
like
these
.
Joan
.
de
Sacrob
.
(
c
)
The
reason
of
this
Character
,
dependeth
vppon
Armorie
:
For
in
Armorie
there
are
9.
poyntes
,
contained
in
3.
Escocheons
;
which
for
speede
in
wryting
,
I
reduce
vnto
a
square
forme
,
and
place
a
Tittle
in
that
poynt
of
that
Escocheon
,
whose
name
I
would
signifie
,
as
:
The
chiefe
poynt
in
Hauking
,
is
to
hold
fast
.
So
likewise
in
the
rest
.
(
d
)
This
is
in
Armorie
called
A
mund
enuironed
,
and
,
a
crosse
Botone●
.
And
it
may
be
vsed
in
computations
,
to
signifie
From
the
Conquest
of
a
King
,
or
Queene
:
because
it
hath
been
an
auncient
custome
at
the
Coronation
of
the
Kings
of
England
,
to
giue
them
in
the
left
hand
a
Scepter
,
and
in
their
right
hand
a
Globe
with
a
Crosse
standing
vpright
vpon
it
.
(
e
)
The
reason
of
this
signification
is
,
because
Iod
the
Hebrew
letter
signifying
the
hand
,
is
placed
ouer
Resh
an
other
Hebrew
letter
,
signifying
the
Head
.
(
f
)
Of
olde
times
,
the
Captaines
after
a
Battaile
fought
,
calling
the
Souldiers
togither
by
name
,
noted
those
which
were
slaine
in
Battaile
by
the
Greeke
letter
θ
and
those
which
were
preserued
aliue
,
by
the
Greeke
letter
Tau
:
whence
sprung
that
Verse
;
O
multum
ante
alias
infoelix
littera
Theta
.
Also
,
Ezech
9.4
.
The
Lord
commaunded
them
to
be
marked
with
Tau
in
their
forehead
,
whom
he
determined
to
preserue
in
the
day
of
destruction
.
(
g
)
This
Character
,
bearing
the
similitude
of
a
Spread
Eagle
,
may
signifie
the
Romaine
Empire
,
being
the
Ensigne
thereof
.
The
two
heades
of
the
Eagle
seeme
to
note
the
partition
of
that
one
Empire
into
two
:
the
Empire
of
the
East
,
and
the
Empire
of
the
West
.
Of
Clauses
neglected
.
Chapt
.
8.
HItherto
concerning
the
Abreuiation
of
the
partes
of
a
Sentence
:
It
resteth
to
shew
the
Abreuiation
of
a
whole
sentence
.
A
Sentence
is
abreuiated
either
by
omission
of
some
clause
or
clauses
thereof
,
or
by
contraction
of
the
whole
.
Clauses
omitted
,
are
either
neglected
,
or
vnderstood
.
Clauses
are
to
be
neglected
,
which
are
added
without
waight
:
as
,
First
,
Idle
repetitions
,
as
:
Peter
Went
out
and
Wept
bitterly
:
He
Went
out
of
the
High
priestes
hall
,
he
withdrew
him selfe
from
all
company
,
he
remayned
no
longer
among
Cayaphas
seruantes
,
but
sequestred
himselfe
from
their
societie
,
forsooke
their
fellowship
,
left
their
company
,
got
him
gone
from
among
them
,
stayde
no
longer
there
,
but
went
apart
by
himselfe
.
&c.
Secondly
,
Needlesse
Clauses
,
as
:
The
Ambassadours
not
obteining
peace
,
turnd
backe
againe
to
their
house
,
from
whence
they
went
.
(a)
Notes
vpon
the
.8
.
Chapter
.
(a)
These
Words
(
From
whence
they
went
)
are
needlesse
to
be
added
,
being
vnderstood
by
the
former
Wordes
(
turnde
backe
againe
to
their
house
,
)
Legati
non
impetrata
pace
,
retro
domum
,
vnde
abierant
,
abierunt
.
Cic
.
Of
Clauses
vnderstood
.
Chapt
.
9.
CLauses
Omitted
,
are
vnderstood
either
when
they
are
repeated
in
the
same
speech
,
or
else
when
being
the
latter
part
of
a
Sentence
,
they
are
committed
to
memorie
.
when
one
,
or
more
Clauses
are
repeated
in
the
same
speech
,
they
followe
the
Rule
of
more
wordes
repeated
:
(a)
as
,
in
Psal
.
137.
this
Clause
(
For
his
mercy
endureth
for
euer
)
is
repeated
in
euery
verse
:
and
to
be
signified
where
it
comes
,
by
a
short
line
.
When
being
the
later
part
of
a
Sentence
,
they
are
committed
to
memorie
,
they
are
noted
after
the
expressed
part
thereof
,
thus
,
&
.
(
b
)
The
latter
part
of
a
Sentence
,
is
referred
to
memorie
:
First
,
when
the
Sentence
is
perfect
in
our
mindes
,
as
:
In
the
beginning
was
the
Word
.
&
.
(
c
)
Secondly
,
when
the
later
part
of
the
Sentence
is
a
consequent
of
the
former
:
as
,
In
explicate
Syllogismes
,
and
Comparisons
fully
distinguished
by
their
partes
.
In
explicate
Syllogismes
,
(
d
)
as
:
What
soeuer
is
conteined
in
the
World
,
is
mooued
continually
by
some
kind
of
motion
.
But
the
Stones
of
the
streete
are
conteined
in
the
Worlde
;
therefore
.
&c.
(
e
)
In
Comparisons
fully
distinguished
by
their
partes
,
(
f
)
as
:
It
is
a
great
danger
to
the
Common-wealth
,
that
any
vicious
person
should
be
neere
about
the
King
,
least
he
corrupt
the
Kings
manners
:
which
if
he
do
,
he
deserueth
more
punishment
,
then
if
he
peruert
the
good
disposition
of
many
priuate
men
.
For
,
as
he
is
more
worthy
to
be
punished
that
poysoneth
the
Fountaine
,
then
:
that
poysoneth
many
cuppes
of
water
.
&
.
(
g
)
Notes
vpon
the
9.
Chapter
.
(a)
Which
Rule
,
is
in
the
6.
Chapter
of
this
Booke
.
(
b
)
&c.
Signifieth
,
And
so
foorth
Chap
4.
shewing
that
the
later
part
of
the
Sentence
is
well
knowne
.
(
c
)
In
the
beginning
was
the
Word
,
and
the
Word
was
with
God
,
and
that
Word
was
God
.
Iohn
.
1.1
.
A
Sentence
so
famous
,
as
that
it
sufficeth
to
write
onely
the
first
clause
thereof
,
and
referre
the
rest
to
memorie
.
Augu●tine
writeth
,
that
not
onely
the
faythfull
,
but
the
Platonickes
made
such
accompt
of
this
saying
,
as
that
they
affirmed
it
worthy
to
be
written
with
letters
of
Gold
.
(
d
)
That
is
to
say
,
such
as
consist
of
the
Proposition
,
Assumption
,
and
Conclusion
,
orderly
placed
,
and
not
abridged
into
Enthymemes
,
or
the
Contracted
forme
.
(
e
)
Who
knoweth
not
that
the
Conclusion
heere
must
needes
be
thus
?
Therfore
the
Stones
of
the
st●eete
are
mooued
continually
by
some
kinde
of
motion
.
The
Proposition
is
an
Axiome
of
Philosophie
.
(
f
)
That
is
to
say
,
such
as
are
described
by
their
Proposition
and
Reddition
:
which
are
the
two
partes
of
Comparison
.
(
g
)
The
Reddition
,
is
by
the
Discourse
going
before
the
Comparison
knowne
to
be
thus
.
So
be
that
corrupteth
the
manners
of
the
King
,
is
more
worthy
to
be
punished
,
then
if
he
corrupted
the
manners
of
many
priuate
men
.
Of
Contraction
of
a
Sentence
by
Figure
.
Chap.
10.
A
Sentence
is
abreuiated
by
Contraction
of
it
wholly
,
when
it
is
expressed
either
by
some
apt
Figure
agreeable
vnto
it
;
or
by
some
shorter
Sentence
equiualent
in
signification
.
By
some
apt
Figure
;
as
for
example
,
this
sentence
:
(
Enter
in
at
the
straight
gate
:
for
wide
is
the
gate
,
and
broad
is
the
way
,
that
leadeth
to
destruction
;
and
many
there
be
which
go
in
thereat
:
Because
the
gate
is
straight
,
and
the
way
narrow
,
that
leadeth
vnto
life
,
and
few
there
be
that
finde
it
.
Math
.
7.13.14
)
may
be
expressed
by
this
Figure
Y.
(
a
)
So
a
perfect
Transition
,
shewing
both
what
went
before
,
and
what
followeth
(
b
)
may
be
expressed
thus
.
☜
☞
An
vnperfect
Transition
,
shewing
that
onely
which
went
before
,
may
be
noted
thus
:
☜
shewing
that
onely
which
followeth
,
thus
,
☞
Digression
from
the
matter
thus
,
☟
Regression
to
the
matter
thus
,
☝
(
c
)
Notes
vpon
the
10.
Chapter
.
(
d
)
This
Character
was
inuented
by
Pythagoras
,
to
represent
the
estate
and
condition
of
man
in
this
world
.
The
lower
part
of
the
Character
noteth
Infancie
:
in
which
age
it
doth
not
appeare
to
what
course
of
life
the
Childe
is
inclinable
.
The
vpper
part
of
the
Character
stretching
two
wayes
;
towards
the
right
hand
,
and
towardes
the
left
,
representeth
the
two
wayes
;
in
one
of
which
,
euery
man
walketh
.
The
right
side
,
which
is
narrower
,
shewing
the
way
of
lyfe
and
saluation
.
The
left
,
which
is
the
broader
,
shewing
the
way
of
death
and
destruction
.
Wherevpon
Persius
.
Et
tibiquae
Sam●os
deduxit
littera
ramos
,
Surgentem
dextro
monstrauit
limite
callem
.
(
b
)
A
Transition
is
a
Sentence
which
as
it
were
bindeth
other
Sentences
togither
.
And
it
is
either
perfect
or
imperfect
.
Perfect
,
which
sheweth
both
what
went
before
,
and
what
followeth
:
as
Hauing
declared
vnto
you
the
sence
and
meaning
of
the
Apostle
in
these
words
:
I
will
now
proceede
to
the
Doctrines
which
may
thence
be
gathered
for
our
instruction
.
All
Transitions
of
this
kinde
,
may
be
expressed
by
two
Handes
,
the
one
poynting
forward
,
and
the
other
backwarde
,
in
s●gne
that
they
shew
both
that
which
goeth
before
,
and
that
which
doth
follow
;
which
what
it
is
,
the
Tractate
it selfe
sufficiently
declareth
.
Notwithstanding
,
if
we
distrust
our
owne
memorie
,
we
may
write
after
that
dubble
Note
,
the
termes
of
the
Transition
;
as
in
the
former
Example
.
The
termes
are
Sence
,
and
Doctrines
:
which
are
thus
to
be
expressed
.
An
Imperfect
Transition
is
of
two
sortes
.
First
,
it
sheweth
onely
,
either
that
which
went
before
;
as
:
And
thus
much
shal
suffice
to
haue
spoken
concerning
the
occasion
of
these
words
of
the
Prophet
.
Or
that
which
followeth
;
as
:
Let
vs
now
apply
this
Doctrine
to
our selues
,
and
see
how
neerely
it
concerneth
vs.
Secondly
,
it
noteth
either
Digression
from
the
matter
,
as
:
And
heere
although
it
be
not
incident
to
my
Text
,
yet
it
shall
not
be
vnprofitable
to
consider
by
the
way
,
&c.
Or
Regression
and
turning
againe
vnto
the
matter
,
as
:
But
now
to
returne
where
we
left
.
(
c
)
Vnto
this
Rule
of
contracting
Sentences
into
some
apt
Figure
,
belong
Emblemes
:
of
which
,
there
are
and
may
be
innumerable
.
An
Embleme
is
so
called
{αβγδ}
,
which
signifieth
to
place
betweene
,
or
among
.
For
in
auncient
times
,
the
builders
of
Princes
Pallaces
,
Noble
mens
Houses
,
and
other
sumptuous
Edifices
,
vsed
for
the
beautifying
of
their
worke
,
to
set
heere
and
there
in
conuenient
places
of
the
Walles
,
faire
squared
Stones
,
or
Timber
worke
;
wherein
were
curiously
grauen
certaine
Images
and
deuises
,
signifying
some
profitable
instruction
,
And
these
Stones
,
or
carued
Images
placed
among
others
for
ornament
sake
,
were
called
Emblemata
Emblemes
.
Hence
it
commeth
,
that
Verses
wherein
the
meaning
of
such
Pictures
and
deuises
is
shewed
,
are
called
by
a
Metonymic
Emblemes
:
whereof
it
shall
suffice
to
giue
instance
by
one
Example
in
certaine
Verses
,
concerning
a
Globe
,
whose
circumference
is
euery
where
a
like
distant
from
the
Center
:
made
by
that
worthy
man
Theodorus
Beza
,
in
maner
as
followeth
.
circle with a point in the center
Cernis
vt
haec
medium
cingat
teres
vndique
punctum
Linea
,
&
hinc
spacio
distet
et
inde
pari
.
Scilicet
illa
refert
quod
nos
tegit
vndique
coelum
,
Tellurem
hoc
punctum
quod
tenet
ima
notat
.
Cur
igitur
doleas
?
quor
sum
(
dic
quaeso
)
labores
,
Tu
,
patria
pepulit
quem
pietatis
amor
?
Caelum
si
versus
tendis
,
quocunque
recedes
,
Hinc
spatio
coelum
cernis
&
inde
pari
.
In
English
thus
.
Thou
seest
the
middle
poynt
engirt
with
that
round
line
,
which
hence
and
thence
doth
distaunce
like
maintaine
:
That
line
doth
note
the
heauen
,
which
girdleth
vs
arounde
,
that
point
pointes
out
the
earth
and
thinges
agrounde
.
Then
tell
me
thou
?
whom
loue
of
pietie
diuorc't
from
thine
owne
home
,
what
thee
to
griefe
enforc't
?
What
meanes
thy
toyle
?
For
if
thy
iourney
be
to
Heauen
,
from
hence
or
thence
thou
seest
the
distance
euen
.
Translated
by
S.
P.
And
by
the
benefite
of
such
Emblemes
referred
to
a
due
place
in
our
imagination
,
the
memorie
also
is
much
holpen
.
Of
contraction
of
Sentences
by
Logicke
.
Chap.
11.
A
Sentence
is
expressed
by
some
shorter
Sentence
equiualent
with
it
in
sence
,
by
the
benefit
of
iudgement
(a)
either
Axiomaticall
or
Dianoëticall
.
(
b
)
Example
of
a
Sentence
contracted
by
Axiomaticall
iudgment
.
At
last
the
golden
Orientall
gate
,
Of
greatest
H●auen
gan
to
open
faire
,
And
Ph●bus
fresh
as
Bridegroome
to
his
mate
,
Came
daunsing
foorth
shaking
his
deawie
haire
,
And
hurles
his
glistring
beames
through
gloomie
aire
E.
Spencer
.
Contracted
thus
:
At
last
the
Sunne
arose
.
By
Dianoëticall
iudgement
,
to
wit
,
Syllogisticall
or
Methodicall
.
Example
of
a
Sentence
contracted
by
Syllogisticall
iudgement
.
Cic
.
1.
Tuscul
.
In
the
knowledge
of
the
nature
of
Mans
soule
,
we
may
not
doubt
,
(
vnlesse
peraduenture
we
be
dull
and
leaden
witted
in
naturall
thinges
)
but
that
in
the
soule
,
there
is
nothing
mixt
,
nothing
compact
,
nothing
conioyned
or
knit
togither
,
nothing
compounded
,
nothing
double
:
Which
being
so
,
surely
the
soule
may
neither
be
seuered
in
it selfe
,
nor
deuided
,
nor
rent
in
peeces
,
nor
pluckt
insunder
;
and
therefore
not
die
:
For
death
is
nought
else
,
but
the
parting
,
seperating
,
and
plucking
in
sunder
of
those
partes
,
which
before
death
,
were
ioyned
togither
by
some
copulation
.
Contracted
thus
:
All
mortall
thinges
are
compound
;
the
soule
is
not
compound
:
therefore
not
mortall
.
An
Example
of
Sentences
abreuiated
by
Methodicall
iudgement
,
is
heere
deliuered
in
a
Recapitulation
of
this
whole
worke
,
(a)
And
that
vnder
two
formes
,
in
two
Tables
heerevnto
adioyned
,
marked
thus
.
❀
Notes
vpon
the
.11
.
Chapter
.
(a)
Iudgement
,
is
the
second
part
of
Logique
;
by
the
benefite
whereof
,
a
long
Sentence
may
easily
be
contracted
into
a
shorter
.
For
that
which
the
Rhetoritian
deliuereth
at
large
,
the
Logician
compriseth
in
a
few
wordes
:
In
which
respect
,
Zeno
compared
Rhetorique
to
the
Hand
open
and
stretched
foorth
:
Logique
,
to
the
Hand
shut
close
,
as
if
Rhetorique
were
nothing
else
but
enlarged
Logique
;
and
Logique
nothing
else
but
contracted
Rhetorique
:
Whereas
this
difference
consisteth
not
in
the
Artes
,
but
in
the
Artificers
themselues
.
(
b
)
Axioma
is
taken
for
an
Enunciation
or
Sentence
,
pronouncing
any
thing
to
be
,
or
not
to
be
.
And
therefore
the
iudgement
arysing
from
such
Enunciations
,
is
called
Axiomaticall
.
Dianoia
,
signifieth
the
discourse
of
the
minde
,
whereby
one
Axiome
is
drawne
out
of
another
.
And
therefore
the
iudgement
arising
from
such
discourse
of
minde
,
is
called
Dianoëticall
.
¶
Although
the
Art
of
Stenographie
hath
heere
been
handled
,
chiefly
as
it
concerneth
the
English
tongue
;
and
examples
giuen
thereof
onely
:
Yet
any
Word
or
Sentence
of
what
other
Language
soeuer
,
maybe
fully
written
thereby
,
as
:
〈…〉
Which
is
the
abreuiation
by
Stenographie
,
of
these
two
Greeke
Verses
.
Iliad
.
9.
{αβγδ}
,
{αβγδ}
.
Latiné
sic
reddidit
Nicolaus
Borbonius
.
Non
minus
odi
illum
quam
nigri
limen
Auerni
,
Cuius
mens
aliud
sentit
,
quam
lingua
loquatur
.
In
English
thus
.
I
hate
him
as
I
hate
Hell
gates
,
That
one
thing
thinkes
,
another
prates
.
FINIS
.
A
Direction
for
STEGANOGRAPHIE
;
or
,
Secret
Writing
.
HAuing
finished
the
Arte
of
Stenographie
,
or
,
Compendious
Writing
,
heere
are
added
a
few
lines
concerning
Steganographie
,
or
Secret
Writing
:
not
with
purpose
to
handle
it
fully
in
the
seuerall
partes
and
kindes
thereof
,
but
onely
in
satisfaction
of
what
was
promised
in
the
beginning
of
this
Booke
,
to
giue
a
few
Rules
for
the
same
;
yet
such
,
as
being
practised
togither
with
those
before
deliuered
,
will
enhable
the
Reader
vnder
one
labour
,
to
write
both
secretly
,
and
compendiously
.
The
first
Rule
is
,
that
the
signification
of
Particles
be
altered
,
to
note
by
them
other
Letters
:
that
whereas
before
in
this
Booke
●
standeth
alwayes
for
a.
●
for
b
.
●
for
c
.
&c.
We
may
vse
●
to
signifie
b
.
●
to
signifie
c
.
●
to
signifie
d
.
and
so
likewise
changing
the
power
of
the
rest
of
the
Letters
.
Which
kind
of
Obscure
writing
Augustus
in
a
Letter
to
his
Sonne
,
willed
should
be
vsed
betweene
them
;
that
when
they
wrote
their
mindes
each
to
other
,
they
should
expresse
euery
letter
which
they
had
occasion
to
write
,
by
the
Character
of
the
letter
following
next
in
the
order
of
the
Alphabet
,
and
for
z
.
which
is
the
last
letter
to
double
A.
As
,
if
this
sentence
,
(
Religion
is
the
meane
betweene
Athesme
and
Superstition
,
)
should
be
written
according
to
Augustus
his
direction
,
it
were
thus
to
be
expressed
.
Sfmkhkpo
kt
uif
nfbof
cfuxff
of
buifktnf
boe
twqfstukukpo
.
After
this
maner
may
be
altered
the
signification
of
euery
Particle
,
or
of
as
many
,
or
as
few
of
them
,
as
is
thought
good
,
which
will
be
nothing
hard
at
the
first
entrance
into
the
practise
of
this
Arte
,
being
then
as
easie
to
expresse
each
Letter
by
an
other
Particle
,
as
by
that
which
is
appropriate
to
it
.
Secondly
,
the
places
of
small
Characters
about
the
great
,
are
to
be
changed
,
as
by
making
the
place
of
A.
to
be
where
regularly
,
the
seate
of
E
is
.
And
the
place
of
E
where
regularly
the
seate
of
I
is
:
and
so
foorth
of
the
rest
.
As
if
this
saying
of
Thucydides
(
She
is
the
best
Woman
,
of
whose
prayse
or
disprayse
is
least
spoken
)
should
be
written
by
vsing
this
,
and
the
former
Obseruation
,
it
were
thus
to
be
expressed
,
{αβγδ}
Which
Characters
being
read
according
to
the
Rules
of
Stenographie
,
bring
foorth
these
strange
and
vnknowne
wordes
:
Taaïos
kittaa
xuneo
pro
xaäut
qsetur
eqset
jtam
,
therfore
.
In
like
order
may
be
disposed
the
small
Characters
,
by
changing
the
places
of
some
,
or
all
of
thē
.
Thirdly
,
it
yeeldeth
no
smal
furtherance
to
Secret
Writing
,
if
new
Illiterall
Characters
be
inuented
and
vsed
for
certaine
words
:
betweene
which
words
and
their
Characters
,
appeareth
some
Analogie
and
proportion
of
reason
,
at
least
,
in
the
opinion
of
him
that
inuenteth
them
.
Of
which
priuate
Illiteralles
,
heere
follow
diuers
examples
,
which
may
giue
light
to
the
inuention
of
many
other
the
like
Characters
.
-
✚
England
.
-
●
Dunstaple
.
-
Neptune
.
-
{anchor}
Saleucus
.
-
●
Amyntas
.
-
Geomantie
-
World
.
-
☾
Ockamie
.
-
●
Diademe
.
-
Victorie
.
-
▵
Pyramides
-
∵
Cluster
.
-
∷
Plague
.
-
.
˙
.
˙
Pestilence
.
-
Fire
.
-
Rain●
.
-
Winde
.
-
quarterly
.
-
●
Talentc
.
-
●
Hurte
.
-
●
Bullet
.
-
●
Wound
.
-
=
Equality
.
-
●
Entangle
.
-
Ecclipse
.
-
●
Sphaere
.
-
●
shipwrack
-
●
appoynted
-
⋮
Order
.
-
●
Shipp
.
-
●
Hood
.
-
⊕
Counter
.
-
…
Embroder
-
Antesigne
.
-
Bell
.
-
ה
Behold
.
-
ד
Hand
.
-
ל
Spit
.
-
ב
Infant
.
-
כ
Crowne
.
-
ר
Head
.
-
ת
Terme
.
As
touching
the
relation
which
these
wordes
haue
to
their
Characters
,
it
standeth
thus
.
England
is
signified
by
a
plaine
Crosse
,
because
the
Christian
Kinges
of
England
boare
a
plaine
red
Crosse
(
commonly
called
S.
George
his
Crosse
,
)
and
Englishmen
are
yet
distinguished
in
the
fielde
,
and
vpon
the
seas
,
from
other
Nations
by
the
redde
Crosse
in
their
white
Flagges
&
Ensignes
.
So
Arcadia
may
be
signified
by
the
Halfe
Moone
,
because
the
people
of
that
Countrey
woare
the
Halfe
Moone
vpon
their
Shooes
in
memorie
of
their
Antiquitie
.
For
(
as
the
Poets
faine
)
when
after
Deucalions
Floud
,
the
Arcadians
being
newly
spronge
from
Trees
,
about
the
change
of
the
Moone
,
saw
within
three
or
foure
dayes
after
the
Moone
appearing
in
her
prime
,
they
thought
themselues
to
be
more
auncient
then
the
Moone
;
and
therefore
wore
the
Halfe
Moone
vpon
heir
Shooes
.
Wherevpon
Ouid
de
Fast
.
lib
.
2.
Ante
Jouem
genitum
,
terras
habuisse
feruntur
Arcades
,
&
Luna
gens
prior
illa
fuit
.
Though
the
cause
of
this
fiction
seemeth
to
be
,
for
that
the
Arcadians
first
founde
out
the
course
of
the
Moone
.
So
may
we
signifie
Persia
by
the
Bow
,
because
the
Persians
had
a
Bow
painted
on
their
Shieldes
.
Fraunce
by
the
Floure
deluce
:
Ireland
by
the
Harpe
,
and
such
like
.
The
second
Character
bearing
the
resemblance
of
a
Staple
and
Ring
,
may
signifie
the
Towne
of
Dunstaple
,
called
first
Dunningestaple
:
which
giueth
in
Armes
the
Staple
and
the
Ring
.
And
in
like
maner
other
Citties
,
Townes
,
Corporations
,
&c.
may
be
signified
by
that
especiall
thing
which
they
giue
in
Armes
,
so
that
it
be
short
and
easie
to
be
made
.
The
third
Character
may
be
vsed
for
Neptune
(
whom
the
Poetes
fayne
to
haue
gouernement
ouer
the
Seas
)
because
he
is
supposed
to
carie
a
three-forked
Mace
or
Scepter
,
in
signe
of
the
triple
vse
which
Water
hath
;
being
profitable
for
Nauigation
,
for
Drinke
,
and
for
Washing
.
So
Hercules
may
be
signified
by
a
Clubbe
,
which
is
supposed
to
be
his
weapon
.
Apollo
by
an
Arrow
.
Pallas
by
a
Speare
,
&c.
The
name
of
Seleucus
may
be
noted
by
an
Anchor
,
because
when
he
was
borne
,
the
print
of
an
Anchor
was
found
vpon
his
thigh
:
for
which
cause
,
he
and
his
successours
wore
the
badge
of
an
Anchor
vppon
their
thighes
.
So
Vlisses
may
be
signified
by
a
Dolphin
,
because
he
boare
it
in
Armes
.
Agamemnon
by
a
Lion
,
&c.
And
in
like
manner
Noblemens
names
may
be
noted
by
somewhat
in
their
Coates
,
Crestes
Cognisance
.
&c.
The
fift
Character
is
a
Sheepebrand
,
or
a
Chapmans
marke
set
vpon
the
wares
which
he
buyeth
,
to
marke
them
for
his
owne
.
And
we
may
well
signifie
the
names
of
such
men
as
we
know
,
by
their
Marke
,
or
some
note
agreeable
to
their
trade
:
which
is
an
vsuall
and
common
practize
among
Countrey
Farmers
that
can
not
read
,
who
with
a
Chaulke
stone
set
downe
their
reckoninges
with
seuerall
men
,
by
such
Characters
as
this
.
●
Signifieth
Geomantie
,
because
that
Art
prescribeth
Diuination
by
diuers
rowes
of
Tittles
,
casually
made
by
the
Artificer
in
such
order
as
these
.
The
seauenth
Character
signifieth
the
Worlde
,
because
all
the
Spheres
of
Heauen
,
the
Fire
and
the
Aire
,
do
encompasse
the
Globe
of
the
Earth
and
Water
;
as
the
White
doth
the
Yelke
of
an
Egge
:
or
,
as
in
an
Onion
many
coates
do
the
middle
part
thereof
.
☾
Signifieth
Ockamie
,
(
which
is
a
certaine
Metall
betweene
Tinne
and
Syluer
;
whereof
Organe
pipes
,
and
Sergeantes
Maces
are
made
)
because
this
Figure
is
like
☽
,
which
signifieth
Syluer
,
as
Ockamie
in
shew
is
like
Syluer
.
The
ninth
Character
signifyeth
a
Diademe
,
because
it
is
like
the
Linke
of
a
Wreath
.
For
a
Diademe
is
a
Wreath
of
Sylke
or
fine
Linnen
;
such
as
the
Souldan
of
Babilon
,
and
other
Princes
wore
about
their
heades
.
And
it
is
called
a
Diademe
,
apo
tou
diadein
,
of
Compassing
about
.
This
kinde
of
Attire
for
the
Kinges
head
,
may
seeme
after
a
sort
deriued
from
Nature
.
For
the
King
among
the
Bees
hath
a
small
white
Circle
like
a
Diademe
about
his
head
,
and
the
rest
of
the
Bees
haue
none
.
Plin
.
lib
.
11.
Cap.
16.
The
tenth
Character
,
hauing
the
similitude
of
a
Palme
branch
,
signifyeth
Victorie
,
because
as
the
Palme
tree
although
it
haue
great
waightes
layde
vpon
it
,
still
mounteth
vpward
:
So
an
heroicall
spirit
,
giueth
not
place
to
Calamitie
,
but
persisteth
in
striuing
against
them
which
oppose
him
,
till
he
hath
gotten
the
victorie
.
Plutarch
lib
.
8.
Symposiac
.
Pyramides
were
certaine
solide
Pillars
in
Aegipt
of
Stone
and
Bricke
,
built
like
Steeples
,
broade
at
the
bottome
,
&
sharpe
at
the
toppe
;
extended
in
height
farre
aboue
all
other
Buildinges
,
wrought
with
mans
hand
:
vnder
which
,
the
Aegiptian
Kinges
were
intombed
.
Among
which
,
there
was
one
built
at
the
cost
of
Rhodopis
the
Harlot
;
which
was
the
most
famous
worke
of
the
rest
,
and
worthily
reckoned
among
the
seauen
Wonders
of
the
world
,
as
well
for
the
curious
and
stately
workemanship
thereof
,
as
that
she
by
the
gaine
of
her
whooredomes
was
able
to
builde
a
monument
more
sumptuous
,
then
those
of
the
Kinges
.
∵
Is
the
Character
of
the
Hebrew
Vowell
Segol
,
which
signifieth
a
Cluster
of
Grapes
:
whereunto
the
Figure
answereth
in
likenesse
.
∷
Signifieth
the
Plague
,
because
it
is
often
seene
,
to
arise
in
small
spottes
vpon
the
body
of
him
that
is
vsited
therewith
.
This
Character
,
and
some
of
them
that
follow
,
with
many
more
,
not
heere
inserted
,
were
found
in
certaine
olde
Parchments
,
placed
with
diuers
strange
words
,
letters
,
and
numbers
:
which
among
the
simple
people
,
are
reputed
to
conteyne
Prophecies
and
Predictions
of
great
matters
to
ensue
.
And
some
Impostors
haue
taken
vpon
them
,
by
these
to
ominate
and
speake
of
many
thinges
to
come
,
to
the
deluding
and
beguiling
of
the
credulous
:
Whereas
in
deed
they
conteyne
no
such
matter
,
as
vpon
some
paynes
taken
therein
,
I
easily
discouered
.
□
Signifieth
Quarterly
,
because
it
noteth
an
Escocheon
parted
quarterly
,
and
reduced
into
a
square
forme
.
And
in
like
maner
may
the
other
8.
Partitions
be
noted
:
as
,
□
partie
per
pale
,
□
partie
perfesse
.
&c.
A
Rundle
of
the
colour
of
Gold
,
is
called
by
Herehaults
A
Beysant
,
which
is
in
Englishe
A
Talente
.
And
therefore
I
note
a
Talente
by
a
Circle
with
the
Particle
in
it
for
or
,
which
signifieth
it
,
to
be
of
the
colour
of
Gould
.
So
likewise
I
note
the
word
Hurte
,
by
a
Rundle
,
with
in
it
for
Azure
blew
.
Bullet
,
by
a
Rundle
with
in
it
for
Sables
Blacke
.
Wounde
,
by
a
Circle
,
with
in
it
for
Purpure
Purple
:
because
these
rundles
being
of
these
colours
,
signifie
these
wordes
.
He
,
the
Hebrew
letter
,
signifieth
Behold
.
The
rest
following
,
are
also
Hebrew
letters
,
whose
names
haue
that
signification
in
English
,
which
is
before
placed
with
them
.
And
all
other
Hebrew
letters
are
significant
,
and
may
likewise
be
vsed
,
to
signifie
the
wordes
noted
by
their
name
.
Vnto
these
Illiterall
Characters
,
the
Hieroglyphicks
also
may
be
referred
,
which
were
certaine
Pictures
and
Characters
inuented
in
auncient
time
by
the
Priestes
of
Aegypt
,
for
their
owne
priuate
vse
,
to
expresse
the
mysteries
of
●heir
Religion
by
,
that
they
might
not
be
vnderstood
of
the
common
sort
.
So
by
the
Picture
of
an
E●mot
,
they
s●gnified
labor
and
industrie
,
because
the
Emmot
laboureth
in
Summer
to
prouide
foode
for
her selfe
in
Winter
.
By
the
Picture
of
a
Dolphin
,
Swiftnesse
:
because
the
Dolphin
is
sayd
to
be
the
swiftest
in
motion
of
all
liuing
creatures
.
By
the
Picture
of
a
Serpent
cast
in
a
circle
,
and
holding
his
tayle
in
his
mouth
,
they
noted
the
Yeere
;
because
the
Sunne
,
which
measureth
the
Yeere
by
his
circular
motion
,
is
as
it
were
turned
againe
into
his
first
station
,
running
each
yeere
the
same
course
which
it
did
the
yeere
before
:
wherevpon
were
made
these
Verses
.
Serpens
Annus
ego
sum
,
Sol
sic
circinat
,
in
quo
Qui
fluxit
pridem
,
status
est
nunc
temporis
idem
.
Io
.
de
sacr
.
And
therefore
the
Paenicians
in
such
a
shape
,
worshipped
Fanus
as
God
of
the
Yeere
.
Macrobius
.
In
like
maner
,
they
signified
Fonde
Loue
by
a
She
Ape
imbraceing
one
of
her
young
ones
:
for
the
Ape
bringeth
foorth
two
,
whereof
she
loueth
the
one
,
but
hateth
the
other
:
That
which
she
loueth
,
she
huggeth
to
her selfe
by
such
hard
imbracementes
,
that
she
killeth
it
;
and
then
hauing
but
one
left
,
she
nourisheth
it
with
lesse
fondnesse
.
So
they
represented
A
Deceiuer
by
a
Cuttle
Fish
,
which
when
the
Fisherman
is
readie
to
catch
her
with
his
handes
,
casteth
foorth
a
blacke
slimie
humour
like
Inke
,
whereby
the
water
being
darkned
,
she
conueieth
her selfe
away
vnseene
.
So
they
noted
Prouidence
by
a
Beare
going
backwarde
into
her
Caue
,
that
her
footinges
being
seene
to
be
outward
,
the
Hunter
might
imagine
that
she
was
gone
abroad
.
And
many
such
like
Hieroglyphickes
were
in
vse
among
the
auncient
Aegyptians
,
by
which
the
secrets
and
mysteries
of
their
Learning
and
Religion
,
were
after
a
sort
locked
vp
from
the
Vulgar
people
,
and
neuer
applyed
to
common
vses
,
but
knowne
onely
to
the
Priestes
,
who
had
been
taught
the
same
in
priuate
from
their
Elders
.
Suydas
.
Them
which
desire
a
further
insight
into
these
Aegyptian
Antiquities
,
I
referre
to
the
writinges
of
Orus
,
Valerianus
,
Pierius
,
and
others
that
haue
written
therof
at
large
.
Fourthly
,
it
is
an
helpe
in
Secret
writing
,
to
varie
the
Illiterall
Characters
into
diuers
significations
,
which
may
be
done
by
addition
of
some
short
Note
to
them
in
place
conuenient
:
as
for
example
.
Planetarie
Characters
accompanied
with
a
tittle
,
may
signifie
in
the
place
of
A
,
the
planetarie
day
,
in
the
place
of
E
,
the
planetarie
mettall
,
in
the
place
of
I
the
principall
Planetarie
Members
of
mans
body
,
in
the
place
of
O
the
Planetarie
Colours
,
in
the
place
of
u
the
planetarie
Age
.
Againe
,
the
Planetarie
Characters
accompanied
with
a
Comma
in
steed
of
a
Tittle
,
may
signifie
in
the
first
place
,
the
planetarie
Nature
:
in
the
second
,
a
planetarie
Stone
:
in
the
third
,
a
planetarie
Tree
:
in
the
fourth
,
a
planetarie
Beast
:
In
the
fift
a
Planetarie
Foule
,
as
:
.
♄
Saturne
.
|
.
♃
Iupiter
.
|
.
♂
Mars
.
|
.
☉
Sunne
.
|
.
♀
Venus
.
|
.
☿
Mercurie
.
|
.
☽
Moone
.
|
·
♄
Saturday
.
|
·
♃
Thursday
|
·
♂
T●usday
.
|
·
☉
Sunday
.
|
·
♀
Fryday
.
|
·
☿
Wednisday
.
|
·
☽
Munday
.
|
.
♄
Leade
.
|
.
♃
Tinne
.
|
.
♂
Iron
.
|
.
☉
Gold
.
|
.
♀
Copp●r
.
|
.
☿
Quicksiluer
|
.
☽
Syluer
.
|
♄
.
the
Milt
.
|
♃
.
the
Liuer
|
♂
.
Gall
.
|
☉
.
Hart
.
|
♀
.
Kidneys
.
|
☿
.
Lightes
.
|
☽
.
Brayne
.
|
♄
·
Blacke
.
|
♃
·
Blew
|
♂
·
Redde
.
|
☉
·
Yellow
.
|
♀
·
Greene
.
|
☿
·
Purple
|
☽
·
White
.
|
♄
.
Dotage
.
|
♃
.
Oldage
.
|
♂
.
Firmeage
.
|
☉
.
Middleage
|
♀
.
Youth
.
|
☿
.
Childhood
.
|
☽
.
Infancie
.
|
,
♄
Melancholy
|
,
♃
Religion
.
|
,
♂
Couragious
|
,
☉
Liberall
.
|
,
♀
Pleasant
.
|
,
☿
Wittie
.
|
,
☽
Vnconstant
|
▪
♄
Loadstone
|
▪
♃
Sapphyre
.
|
▪
♂
Rubie
.
|
▪
☉
Topaze
.
|
▪
♀
Emerauld
.
|
▪
☿
Amathist
.
|
▪
☽
Chrystall
.
|
'
♄
Hebene
.
|
'
♃
Oake
.
|
'
♂
Fugh
.
|
'
☉
Baytree
.
|
'
♀
Myrtle
.
|
'
☿
Orengetree
.
|
'
☽
Vine
.
|
♄
'
Moule
.
|
♃
'
Hart
.
|
♂
'
Wolfe
.
|
☉
'
Lion
.
|
♀
'
Goate
.
|
☿
'
Ape
.
|
☽
'
Catte
.
|
♄
▪
Lapwinge
.
|
♃
▪
Eagle
.
|
♂
▪
Vulture
.
|
☉
▪
Swanne
.
|
♀
▪
Doue
.
|
☿
▪
Storke
.
|
☽
▪
Owle
.
|
And
in
such
sort
,
may
any
other
Stones
,
Trees
,
Beastes
,
Foules
,
Fishes
,
Reptiles
,
Hearbes
,
&c.
be
expressed
by
some
other
Note
added
to
their
Planetarie
Character
in
the
Metaphthonge
places
:
which
he
that
will
doe
,
may
finde
plentifull
Examples
in
Cornelius
Agrip
.
de
Occult
.
Phil
.
and
in
a
Booke
entituled
,
The
Kalender
of
Scripture
,
in
the
ex-position
of
the
name
Elizabeth
.
Heere
although
instance
be
giuen
only
in
the
Planetarie
Characters
how
they
may
be
varied
in
signification
:
yet
the
Characters
of
Number
,
of
the
.xij.
Signes
,
and
the
rest
,
with
infinite
more
that
might
be
added
,
may
with
like
shew
of
reason
,
haue
other
wordes
referred
vnto
them
.
Yet
with
this
caution
,
that
no
Particles
be
placed
about
the
Character
so
varied
.
Fifthly
,
the
poynctes
of
Distinction
are
to
be
expressed
by
vnaffixed
Particles
,
by
ordinarie
Letters
,
or
by
Illiterall
Characters
(
as
seemeth
best
)
placing
notwithstanding
Distinctiue
Notes
vnder
certaine
great
Characters
,
not
ending
the
clause
or
sentence
.
For
this
will
easily
beguile
the
search
of
the
most
curious
,
when
he
shall
imagine
the
clause
or
sentence
to
ende
where
it
doth
not
,
and
accompt
them
for
significant
notes
of
words
,
which
are
but
dumbe
notes
of
distinction
.
Beside
these
fiue
Rules
for
Secret
Writing
,
there
are
diuers
other
Obseruations
heere
omitted
,
as
depending
vpon
some
former
Rule
.
Such
as
are
the
referring
of
other
words
to
the
Defectiue
Characters
,
the
changing
of
the
signification
of
Illiteralls
,
the
contraction
of
ordinarie
Phrases
into
two
or
three
Letters
,
or
of
whole
sentences
into
one
Character
:
Which
Rules
and
Obseruations
he
that
vseth
,
may
write
any
thing
so
secretly
,
as
that
it
shall
not
be
found
out
by
an
other
what
it
is
,
by
all
those
wittie
and
acute
deuises
,
mentioned
by
Baptista
Porta
,
for
the
triall
of
all
such
kindes
of
Writing
,
in
his
Booke
De
Furt
.
liter
.
Notis
.
Viue
,
Vale
:
si
quid
nouisti
rectius
is
t
is
,
Candidus
imperti
:
si
non
,
his
vtere
mecum
.
FINIS
.